,,! ,,?reefold ,,commonweal? ,au?oriz$ ,translation by ,e4 ,b[5-,w$gwood ,,by ,,rudolf ,,/e9] ,au?or ( ,! ,philosophy ( ,fre$om1 ,die ,sociale ,zukunft1 etc4 ,,london ,! ,?reefold ,commonweal? #df1 ,gl\ce/] ,place1 ,w4 #a4 ,,new ,,york ,! ,?reefold ,commonweal? ,publi%+ ,association #gja1 ,c>negie ,hall ,a ,,=eword ,,z ,,to ,,! ,,purpose ,,( ,,?is ,,book ,! social life ( ! pres5t day pres5ts grave & f>-rea*+ problems4 ,we are confront$ by dem&s = social recon/ruction1 :i* %ew t ! solution ( ^! problems mu/ be s\ght along pa?s un?\ght-( hi!rto4 ,borne out by ! actual ev5ts ( ! h\r1 ! "t has p]haps come = someone to ga9 a he>+1 :o is =c$ by life's exp]i5ce to ma9ta91 t ! neglect to turn our ?\ghts into ! pa?s t are n[ ne$$ has /r&$ u 9 confusion & p]plexity4 ,x is "u t conviction t ?is book is writt54 ,its purpose is to discuss :at ne$s do+1 9 ord] t ^? dem&s1 :i* are be+ urg$ by a l>ge "p ( mank9d to-day1 may be turn$ 9 ! direction ( a det]m9ate social w & purpose4 ,p]sonal likes & dislikes %\ld ent] b little into ! =mation ( a social purpose4 ,! dem&s1 welcome or unwelcome1 are !re2 & !y mu/ be reckon$ ) z facts ( social life4 ,?is %\ld be borne 9 m9d by ^? :o1 f _! p]sonal situation 9 life1 may be incl9$ to be annoy$ at ! au?or's way ( discuss+ ! dem&s ( ! work+-class1 because 9 _! op9ion he lays too "o-sid$ a /ress on ^! dem&s1 z on some?+ t mu/ be reckon$ ) :5 det]m9+ on a social purpose4 ,b :at ! au?or wants1 is to pres5t life z x exi/s to-day 9 all its full reality1 9 s f> z he is able f 8 k ( x4 ,he has ev] be=e 8 eyes ! fatal consequ5ces t mu/ ensue1 if p refuse to see facts1 :i* are actually !re1 :i* h aris5 out ( ! life ( mod]n mank9d1--& if !y accord+ly p]si/ 9 ignor+ a social w & purpose 9 :i* ^! facts f9d _! place4 ,^? p aga9 w n be pleas$ ) ! au?or's rem>ks1 :o reg>d !mselves z exp]ts 9 practical life1--or 9 :at1 "u ! influ5ce ( fond habit1 has come to be reg>d$ z practical life4 ,!y w be ( op9ion1 t :oev] wrote ?is book 0 n a practical p]son4 ,^! are j ! p1 :o1 9 ! au?or's op9ion1 h ev]y?+ to unle>n & re-le>n4 ,_! practice ( life seems to him ! v ?+1 :i* is demon/rat$ by ! actual facts f :i* mank9d are suff]+ to be an utt] mi/ake1--t v mi/ake t has l$ to b\ndless & immeasurable fatalities4 ,^! p w be oblig$ to recognise ! practicability ( mu* t has seem$ to !m absurd idealism4 ,& al?\gh !y may condemn ?is book at ! outset1 because its op5+ pages say less ab\t ! economic ?an ab\t ! spiritual life ( mod]n mank9d1 yet ! au?or's own acqua9tance ) life =ces him to ! conviction1 t1 unless p c br+ !mselves to pay due & accurate att5tion to ! spiritual life ( mod]n mank9d1 !y w only g on add+ fre% mi/akes to ! old ones4 ,nei!r w :at is said 9 ^! pages altoge!r please ^?1 :o are = ev] repeat+ ) endless v>iations ! phrases3 t man mu/ rise above absorption 9 purely mat]ial int]e/s1--t he mu/ turn to ideals1 to ! ?+s ( ! _s4 ,= ! au?or does n atta* mu* importance to m]e ref]5ces to ! _s or to talk ab\t a vague spiritual _w4 ,! only spirituality he c ackn[l$ge1 is t :i* =ms ! sub/ance ( man's own life & manife/s its p[] no less 9 ma/]+ ! practical problems ( life ?an 9 con/ruct+ a philosophy ( life & ( ! univ]se1 :i* c satisfy ! ne$s ( man's s\l4 ,! important po9t1 is n ! k1--or suppos$ k1--( a spiritual life1 b t su* a spiritual life %ews itself 9 a practical grip ( realities1 & is n a special pres]ve = ! inn] life ( ! s\l1 a backwat] alongside ! full tide ( realities4 ,& s1 :at is said 9 ^! pages w seem to ! spiritually-m9d$ too unspiritual1 to practical p]sons too remote f practice4 ,b ! au?or's view is1 t he may h 8 own special use at ! pres5t "t1 = ! v reason1 t he nei!r t5ds t[>ds t alo(ness f life1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 _m a man :o ?9ks himself practical1 nor yet c hold 9 any way ) ! k9d ( talk ab\t ! _s1 :i* conjures up a mirage out ( words4 ,x is z a "q ( economics1 ( human rights & ( ! _s1 t ! social "q is discuss$ 9 ?is book4 ,! au?or ?9ks t he p]ceives1 h[ ! true =m ( ! social "q em]ges z an outcome ( ! requirem5ts ( ! economic life1 ! life ( rights & ! spiritual life4 ,?r\gh su* a p]ception alone c ! impulses come1 :i* %all make x possible to give ^! ?ree bran*es ( social life a %ape t p]mits ( heal?y life )9 ! social ord]4 ,9 ! e>li] ages ( mank9d's evolution1 ! social in/9cts secur$ ^! ?ree bran*es be+ wov5 toge!r 9 ! :ole life ( society 9 a mann] adapt$ to human nature at t p]iod4 ,at ! pres5t /age ( 8 evolution1 man is fac$ ) ! necessity ( work+ out ?is comb9ation ( function by consci\s1 det]m9ate social w & purpose4 ,betwe5 ^? e>li] ages & ! pres5t1 9 ! c\ntries :]e ! "q ( a social purpose is mo/ imm$iate1 we f9d ! old in/9cts & ! new consci\sness ov]lapp+ & play+ ?r\gh "o ano!r 9 a fa%ion q inadequate to ! ne$s ( mod]n mank9d4 ,9 a great deal ( social ?9k+1 :i* p believe to be cle>-sight$ & consci\s1 ! old in/9cts are /ill at "w & enfeeble m5's ?\ght = deal+ ) urg5t facts4 ,x requires a mu* m radical ef=t ?an is usually suppos$1 = ! man ( ! pres5t day to "w 8 way out ( ! husks ( :at is dead & done )4 ,"o mu/ fir/ be will+ to recognise ?is fully1 be=e1 9 ! au?or's op9ion1 x is possible to see ! =ms t indu/rial economy1 human rights1 & spiritual life mu/ take1 9 ord] to be 9 keep+ ) a heal?y social life su* z ! new age dem&s4 ,:at ! au?or feels call$ on to say z to ! l9es t ^! new =ms mu/ inevitably foll[1 is submitt$ to ! judgm5t ( ! day 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,! au?or's desire1 is to give ! fir/ impetus along a pa?1 t %all lead to social ends 9 keep+ ) ! actual realities & exig5cies ( life at ! pres5t "t2 = he believes1 t x is only ?r\gh ef=t ?us direct$ t our social w & purpose c get beyond m]e utopianism & wordy s5tim5t4 ,& if anyone /ill ?9ks t ?is book has some:at ( a utopian "*1 ! au?or w\ld ask him to consid] ! pictures :i* p draw 9 _! own m9ds ( ! k9d ( society t !y look to see arise1--h[ v wide ( life su* pictures are1 & h[ apt to deg5]ate into m]e moon%9e4 ,t is ! v reason1 :y1 :5 ^! p d meet ) some?+ t is drawn f actual reality & exp]i5ce1--z attempt$ "h1--!y reg>d x z a utopia4 ,to _m p]sons1 no?+ is concrete outside _! own cu/om>y l9e ( ?\ght2 & s ! concrete itself is to !m an ab/raction1 :5 !y are unaccu/om$ to ?9k x4 #a--;,h5ce !y w ?9k ?is book ab/ract4 ,) p aga91 ^: m9ds are h>ness$ h>d & fa/ to a p>ty-programme1 ! au?or's views w at fir/ f9d no fav\r4 ,( ?is he is well aw>e4 ,/ill he believes1 t x w n be long be=e _m p>ty m5 come to ! conclusion1 t ! actual facts ( evolution h got f> beyond ! programmes ( ! p>ties1 & t x is urg5tly necess>y to free oneself f all su* p>ty-programmes & to =m an indep5d5t op9ion z to ! imm$iate objectives ( ! social w & purpose4 ,,! ,,?reefold ,,commonweal? ,,introductory ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,new ,,edition ,,( #aibj ,! problems pres5t$ by social life = solution 9 our times c be und]/ood by nobody :o approa*es !m ) ! ?\ght ( any k9d ( utopia 9 8 m9d4 ,"o's views & s5tim5ts may lead "o to ! belief1 t c]ta9 in/itutions1 :i* "o has mapp$ out accord+ to "o's own ideas1 mu/ be = ! happ9ess ( mank9d4 ,?is belief may c>ry all ! =ce ( passionate conviction2 & yet "o may be talk+ q wide ( ! actual social "q1 :5 "o tries to obta9 practical recognition = :at "o believes4 ,"o w f9d ?is ass]tion hold true at ! pres5t day1 ev5 :5 pu%$ to :at may appe> an absurd extreme4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 somebody possess$ a p]fect !oretical solution ( ! social "q1 he might nev]!less be act+ on an utt]ly unpractical conviction1 if he tri$ to press ?is c>efully ?\ght-out solution ^u mank9d4 ,= we are no long] liv+ 9 an age1 :5 "o is ju/ifi$ 9 believ+ t public life c be affect$ 9 su* a way4 ,m5's s\ls are diff]5tly con/itut$2 & !y c\ld nev] say ab\t public affairs3 ,"h is somebody :o und]/&s ! social in/itutions t are ne$$2 we w take 8 op9ion & act on x4 ,ideas conc]n+ social life simply _c be br\ght home to p aft] ?is fa%ion2 & x is a fact t is fully recognis$ 9 ?is book1 :i* is already kn[n to a fairly l>ge public4 ,^? :o h set x d[n z utopian1 h totally miss$ its :ole aim & int5tion4 ,especially has ?is be5 ! case ) ^?1 :o !mselves cl+ to a utopian =m ( ?\ght3--!y attribute to ! o!r p]son :at is ess5tially _! own m5tal *>act]i/ic4 ,a practical ?9k] to-day recognises z "o ( ! exp]i5ces ( public life1 t no?+ c be done ) an utopian idea1 h[ev] conv9c+ x may be 9 appe>ance4 ,nev]!less1 _m p h "s idea ( ?is type1 :i* !y feel impell$ to br+ be=e _! fell[-m51 especially 9 ! field ( economics4 ,!y w be =c$ to recognise t _! words are wa/$4 ,_! fell[-m5 c f9d no use = :at !y h to (f]4 ,?is %\ld be treat$ z a piece ( practical exp]i5ce2 = x po9ts to a fact ( importance 9 public life3 namely1 ! remot5ess ( p's ?\ghts f real life3--h[ wide _! ?\ghts are f :at reality1--economic reality = in/ance1--dem&s4 ,c "o hope to ma/] ! tangl$ intricacies ( public affairs1 if "o br+s to !m a mode ( ?\ght altoge!r remote f life8 ,?is "q is n "o likely to f9d g5]al fav\r2 = x involves ! admission t "o's way ( ?\ght is remote f life4 ,yet1 until ?is admission is made1 x is n possible to approa* ! o!r "q--! social "o4 ,= ! remot5ess ( ?\ght f life is a "q ( grave conc]n = ! :ole mod]n civilis$ _w2 & only :5 p treat x z su* w !y see light z to :at is ne$$ = social life4 ,?is "q br+s u to ! consid]ation ( ! =m tak5 by mod]n spiritual life4 ,mod]n man has evolv$ a spiritual life1 :i* is to a v great degree dep5d5t on /ate in/itutions & on economic =ces4 ,! human be+ is br\ght :il/ /ill a *ild "u ! education & in/ruction ( ! /ate2 & he c be educat$ only 9 ! way p]mitt$ by ! indu/rial & economic conditions ( ! environm5t f :i* he spr+s4 ,x might easily be suppos$1 t ?is w\ld ensure a p]son's be+ well qualifi$ = ! conditions ( life at ! pres5t day1 = t ! /ate mu/ possess e opportunity ( arrang+ ! :ole sy/em ( education & in/ruction 7:i* con/itutes ! ess5tial "p ( public spiritual life7 9 ! be/ int]e/s ( ! human community4 ,x might well be suppos$ too1 t ! way to make a p]son ! be/ possible memb] ( ! human community is to educate him 9 accordance ) ! economic opportunities ( ! environm5t f :i* he comes1 & !n pass him on1 ?us educat$1 to fill "o ( ! op5+s t ^! opportunities af=d him4--,x devolves ^u ?is book1--an unpopul> task to-day1--to %ew1 t ! *aotic condition ( our public life1 comes f ! spiritual life's dep5d5ce on ! ,/ate & on indu/rial economy--& to %ew fur!r1 t "o "p ( ! burn+ social "q is ! emancipation ( spiritual life f ?is dep5d5ce4 ,?is involves attack+ v widespread errors4 ,t ! ,/ate %\ld take ov] ! :ole sy/em ( education1 has long be5 reg>d$ z a b5eficial /ep 9 human progress2 & p]sons ( a sociali/ic turn ( m9d f9d x difficult to conceive ( any?+ else1 ?an t society %\ld educate ! individual to its s]vice accord+ to its own /&>ds4 ,p are loa! to recognise1 :at nev]!less1 9 ?is field1 x is absolutely necess>y %\ld be recognis$2 namely1 t 9 ! process ( man's hi/oric evolution a ?+1 t at an e>li] p]iod 0 all "r1 may at a lat] p]iod become all wrong4 ,9 ord] t a new age might come ab\t 9 human affairs1 x 0 necess>y t ! :ole sy/em ( education1 & ) x public spiritual life1 %\ld be remov$ f ^? circles t _h exclusive possession ( x all ?r\gh ! middle ages1 & entru/$ to ! ,/ate4 ,b to cont9ue to ma9ta9 ?is /ate ( ?+s1 is a grave social mi/ake4 ,?is is :at ! fir/ "p ( ! book is int5d$ to %ew4 ,! spiritual life has matur$ to fre$om )9 ! framework ( ! /ate2 b x _c rightly enjoy & ex]cise ?is fre$om unless x is grant$ complete self-gov]nm5t4 ,! :ole "* assum$ by ! spiritual life requires t x %\ld =m a completely indep5d5t bran* ( ! body social4 ,! educational & tea*+ sy/em1 ly+ z x does at ! root ( all spiritual life1 mu/ be put "u ! managem5t ( ^? p :o are educat+ & tea*+2 & none ( ! influ5ces at "w 9 /ate or indu/ry %\ld h any say or int]f]5ce 9 ?is managem5t4 ,no tea*] %\ld sp5d m "t on tea*+ ?an w all[ ( 8 also be+ a manag] 9 8 own sph]e ( activity4 ,& 9 ! way t he himself conducts ! tea*+ & education1 s too he w conduct ! managem5t4 ,nobody w issue in/ructions1 :o is n at ! same "t actively engag$ 9 tea*+ & educat+4 ,no p>liam5t has any voice 9 x1--nor any individual1 :o once on a "t may h taught1 b is no long] p]sonally tea*+4 ,! exp]i5ce le>nt at fir/ h& 9 actual tea*+ passes direct into ! managem5t4--,9 su* a sy/em1 practical k & effici5cy mu/1 ( c\rse1 tell 9 ! v highe/ possible degree4 ,x may no d\bt be object$1 t ev5 "u su* a selfgov]n+ spiritual life ?+s w n be q p]fect4 ,b !n1 9 real life1 t is n to be look$ =4 ,all "o c aim at1 is ! be/ t is possible4 ,) ea* *ild ( man !re are new abilities gr[+ up1 & ^! w really be pass$ on into ! life ( ! community1 :5 ! c>e ( develop+ !m re/s entirely ) p :o c judge & decide on spiritual gr\nds alone4 ,h[ f> a p>ticul> *ild %\ld be br\ght on 9 "o direction or ano!r1 c only be judg$ 9 a spiritual community t is q free & deta*$4 ,:at /eps %\ld be tak5 to ensure _! decision hav+ its rights1 ?is too is a matt] only to be det]m9$ by a free spiritual community4 ,f su* a community ! ,/ate & ! economic life c receive ! =ces !y ne$1 & :i* !y _c get ( !mselves :5 !y fa%ion spiritual life f _! own po9ts ( view4 ,x foll[s f ! :ole t5or ( ! foll[+ pages1 t ! directors ( ! free spiritual life w h *>ge also ( ! arrangem5ts & c\rse ( tea*+ 9 ^? in/itutes also1 :i* are specially direct$ to ! s]vice ( ! ,/ate or ( ! economic _w4--,law-s*ools1 ,trades-s*ools1 ,agricultural & ,indu/rial ,colleges1 w\ld all take _! =m f ! free spiritual life4 ,_m prejudices are b\nd to be ar\s$1 :5 ! pr9ciples /at$ 9 ?is book are pursu$ to ^!1 _! "r consequ5ces4 ,b f :at d su* prejudices proce$8 ,! anti-social _s 9 !m becomes evid5t1 :5 "o recognises1 t at bottom !y proce$ f an unconsci\s p]suasion1 t p connect$ ) education mu/ necess>ily be unpractical p]sons1 remote f life1--n ! sort ( p :om "o c\ld = a mom5t expect to in/itute arrangem5ts t w\ld be ( any real use = ! practical dep>tm5ts ( life1 & t all su* arrangem5ts mu/ be in/itut$ by ! p actively engag$ 9 practical life1 :il/ ! educators mu/ "w on ! l9es laid d[n = !m4 ,9 ?9k+ l ?is1 p d n see1 t ! educators ne$ to fix _! l9es ( "w !mselves1 f ! smalle/ ?+s up to ! bigge/1 t x is :5 !y _c d s t !y gr[ unpractical & remote f life4 ,& !n y may give !m any pr9ciple to "w on1 laid d[n by app>5tly ! mo/ practical p]sons1 & yet _! education w n turn out p really practically equipp$ = life4 ,our anti-social conditions are br\ght ab\t1 because p are turn$ out into social life n educat$ to feel socially4 ,p ) social feel+s c only come f a mode ( education t is direct$ & c>ri$ on by p]sons :o !mselves feel socially4 ,! social "q w nev] be t\*$1 until ! education "q & ! "q ( ! spiritual life are treat$ z a vital "p ( x4 ,an anti-social _s is creat$ n m]ely by economic in/itutions1 b ?r\gh ! attitude ( ! human be+s )9 ^! in/itutions be+ an anti-social "o4 ,& x is anti-social1 to h ! "y br\ght up & taught by p]sons1 :o !mselves are made /rang]s to real life by hav+ _! l9es ( "w & ! sub/ance ( _! "w laid d[n = !m f outside4 ,! ,/ate e/abli%es law-s*ools4 ,& x requires1 t ! sub/ance ( ! jurisprud5ce taught 9 ^! law-s*ools %\ld be ! same z ! ,/ate has fix$ = its own con/itution & adm9i/ration1 f its own po9ts ( view4 ,:5 ! law-s*ools proce$ :olly f a free spiritual life1 ?is free spiritual life itself w supply ! sub/ance ( ! jurisprud5ce taught 9 !m4 ,! ,/ate w wait to take its m&ate f ! spiritual life4 ,x w be f]tilis$ by ! reception ( liv+ ideas1 su* z c issue only f a spiritual life t is free4 ,b ! human-be+s1 gr[+ up to life1 are )9 ! spiritual doma91 & w g =? ) views ( _! own to put into practice4 ,! education giv5 by p :o are /rang]s to life1 inside educational in/itutes plann$ by m]e practicians1--?is is n an education t c be realis$ 9 practice4 ,! only tea*+ t c f9d practical realisation comes f tea*]s :o und]/& life & its practice f a po9t ( view ( _! own4 ,9 ?is book an attempt is made to give at lea/ a sket* ( ! way 9 :i* a free spiritual organisation w %ape its details ( work+4 ,9 ,utopian m9ds1 ! book w r\se all mann] ( que/ions4 ,arti/s & o!r spiritual work]s w anxi\sly ask :e!r g5ius w f9d itself bett] (f 9 ! free spiritual life ?an 9 ! "o at pres5t provid$ by ! ,/ate & ! economic p[]s8 ,9 putt+ su* que/ions1 h[ev]1 !y mu/ please to rememb]1 t ! book is 9 no respect int5d$ to be ,utopian4 ,h5ce x nev] lays d[n a h>d & fa/ !ory4 ,?is mu/ be s & s1 or s & s4 ,its aim is to promote ! =mation ( su* =ms ( human social life1 z1 f _! jo9t work+ %all lead to desirable conditions4 ,& anyone1 :o judges life f exp]i5ce1 & n f !oretic prejudice1 w say to himself ,:5 !re is a free spiritual community1 ^: deal+s ) life are guid$ by its own lights1 !n anyone :o is creat+ out ( 8 own free g5ius w h a prospect ( 8 creations be+ duly appreciat$4 ,! social "q is n a ?+ t has cropp$ up at ?is p>ticul> po9t 9 ! life ( man1 :i* c be solv$ /raight away by a h&ful ( p1 or by p>liam5ts1 &1 once solv$1 w rema9 solv$4 ,x is an integral "p ( our new civilis$ life2 & x has come to /ay4 ,x w h to be solv$ afre% = ea* mom5t ( ! _w's hi/oric evolution4 ,= man's life has ent]$ ) ?is new age ^u a phase1 :5 :at />ts by be+ a social in/itution turns ev] & aga9 into some?+ anti-social1 :i* has ea* "t cont9ually to be ov]come afre%4 ,j z an organic body1 :5 x has once be5 f$ & satisfi$1 passes aft] a :ile into a /ate ( hung] aga91 s ! body social passes f "o /ate ( ord] aga9 into disord]4 ,!re is no m a panacea = keep+ social conditions 9 good ord]1 ?an !re is a food t w satisfy ! body = ev] & always4 ,m5 c h[ev] ent] into =ms ( community1 :i*1 ?r\gh _! jo9t action 9 actual life1 w br+ man's exi/5ce con/antly back into ! social pa?4 ,& "o ( ^! =ms ( community is ! self-gov]n+ spiritual bran* ( ! body social4 ,all ! exp]i5ces ( ! pres5t "t make x pla91 t :at is socially ne$$ is1 = ! spiritual life free self-adm9i/ration1 & = ! economic life associative lab\r4 ,indu/rial economy 9 mod]n human life is made up ( ! production ( commodities1 circulation ( commodities & consumption ( commodities4 ,^! are ! processes = satisfy+ human wants2 & human be+s & _! activities are involv$ 9 ^! processes4 ,ea* has 8 own "p-int]e/ 9 !m2 ea* mu/ take su* a %>e 9 !m z he is able4 ,:at any individual actually ne$s1 only he himself alone c "k & feel4 ,z to :at he himself %\ld p]=m1 ?is w be judg$ by him accord+ to 8 measure ( insight into ! mutual life ( ! :ole4 ,x 0 n always s2 nor is x s to-day all ! _w ov]2 b 9 ! ma9 x is s among/ ! at pres5t civilis$ portion ( ! ,e>?'s inhabitants4 ,economic evolution has kept wid5+ its circles 9 ! c\rse ( mank9d's evolution4 ,h\sehold economy1 once self-conta9$1 has develop$ into t[n economy1 & ?is aga9 into ,/ate economy4 ,to-day we /& be=e _w economy4 ,no d\bt1 9 ! ,new mu* /ill l+]s on ( ! ,old2 & mu* t exi/$ 9 ! ,old 0 already a =eca/ ( ! ,new b ! above evolution>y ord] is ! "o t has become p>am\nt 9 c]ta9 relations ( life1 & ! de/9ies ( mank9d are condition$ by x4 ,x is altoge!r a wrong-head$ notion to aim at organis+ ! economic =ces into an ab/ract _w-community4 ,private economic organisations h1 9 ! c\rse ( evolution1 become to a v great ext5t m]g$ 9 ,/ate economic organisations4 ,b ! ,/ate communities 7 creat$ by o!r =ces ?an ! purely economic ones2 & ! endeav\r to trans=m ! ,/ate communities into economic communities is j :at has br\ght ab\t ! social *aos ( ^! latt] times4 ,economic life is /ruggl+ to take ! =m its own peculi> =ces give x1 indep5d5t ( ,/ate in/itutions1 & indep5d5t also ( ,/ate l9es ( ?\ght4 ,x is only possible ?r\gh ! gr[? ( ,associations1 hav+ _! rise 9 purely economic consid]ations1 & drawn jo9tly f circles ( consum]s1 trad]s & produc]s4 ,! actual conditions ( life w ( !mselves regulate ! size & scope ( ^! ,associations4 ,ov]-small ,associations w\ld prove too exp5sive 9 ! work+2 ov]-l>ge ones w\ld get beyond economic grasp4 ,! ne$s ( life z !y arise w %ew ea* ,association ! be/ way ( e/abli%+ int]connections ) ! o!rs4 ,!re ne$ be no fe>1 t anyone1 :o has to sp5d 8 life mov+ ab\t f place to place1 w be 9 any way hamp]$ by ,associations ( ?is k9d4 ,he w f9d remov+ f "o gr\p to ano!r q easy1 :5 x is n manag$ by ! ,/ate-organisations1 b by ! economic int]e/s4 ,"o c conceive possible arrangem5ts )9 su* an associative sy/em1 t w\ld "w ) ! facility ( a money-curr5cy4 ,)9 any s+le ,association1 :]e !re is practical s5se & te*nical k1 a v g5]al h>mony ( int]e/s c prevail4 ,! production1 circulation & consumption ( goods w n be regulat$ by laws1 b by ! p]sons !mselves1 f _! own direct insight & int]e/s4 ,p's own active %>e 9 ! life ( ! ,associations w enable !m to acquire ! necess>y insight2 & ! fact1 t ! v>i\s int]e/s are oblig$ to contract a mutual balance1 w ensure ! goods circulat+ at _! prop] relative values4 ,?is sort ( agre$ comb9ation1 det]m9$ by economic consid]ations1 is n ! same z ! =m ( comb9ation t exi/s 9 ! mod]n trades-unions4 ,! activities ( ! mod]n trades-unions are exp5d$ 9 ! economic field2 b ! unions are n fram$ prim>ily accord+ to economic consid]ations4 ,!y are modell$ on ! pr9ciples tak5 f practical famili>ity 9 mod]n times ) political consid]ations1 consid]ations ( /ate4 ,!y are p>liam5t>y bodies1 :]e p debate1 n :]e !y come toge!r to consid] economic aspects & agree on ! s]vices to be reciprocally r5d]$4 ,9 ^! ,associations1 x w n be wage-work]s sitt+1 us+ _! p[] to get ! highe/ possible wages out ( ! "w-employ]2 x w be h&-work]s1 co-op]at+ ) ! spiritual work]s1 :o direct production1 & ) ^? int]e/$ 9 consum+ ! product1 to effect a balance betwe5 "o =m ( s]vice & ano!r1 ?r\gh an adju/m5t ( prices4 ,?is is n a ?+ t c be done by g5]al debate 9 p>liam5t>y assemblies4 ,"o mu/ bew>e ( ^!4 ,= :o w\ld ev] be at "w1 if an endless numb] ( p _h to sp5d _! "t negotiat+ ab\t ! "w6 ,ev]y?+ w take place by agreem5t betwe5 man & man1 betwe5 "o ,association & ano!r1 :il/ ! "w goes on alongside4 ,= ?is1 all t is necess>y is1 t ! jo9t agreem5t %\ld be 9 accordance ) ! inside k ( ! work]s & ) ! int]e/s ( ! consum]s4 ,9 say+ ?is1 "o depicts no ,utopia4 ,no p>ticul> way is laid d[n 9 :i* ?is or t matt] mu/ be settl$4 ,all t is done1 is to po9t out h[ p w settle matt]s = !mselves1 :5 once !y set ab\t work+ 9 =ms ( community :i* are 9 accordance ) _! special insight & int]e/s4 ,!re are two ?+s t op]ate to br+ m5 toge!r into communities ( ?is k9d3 ,! "o1 is human nature1--= x is nature t gives m5 wants4 ,or1 aga91 a free spiritual life1 = ?is eng5d]s ! insight t f9ds scope 9 communal life4 ,anyone1 :o bases 8 ?\ghts on reality1 w admit1 t ,associative communities ( ?is k9d c spr+ up at any "t1 t !re is no?+ utopian ab\t !m4 ,!re is no?+ to h9d] _! spr++ up1 except t ! ?\ght ( organisation has be5 s sugge/$ into ! man ( ! pres5t day1 t he is obsess$ ) ! notion ( organis+ indu/rial & economic life f outside4 ,9 direct contra/ to su* organis+ ( m5 = ! comb9$ "w ( production1 is ?is o!r k9d ( economic organisation1 t re/s on volunt>y1 free ,association4 ,?r\gh ?is mutual ,association1 "o man e/abli%es ties ) ano!r2 & ! ord]ly s*eme ( ! :ole is ! resultant ( :at ea* individual f9ds reasonable = himself4 ,x may ( c\rse be said3 ,:at is ! use ( a man1 :o has no prop]ty1 ,associat+ himself ) a man1 :o has8 ,x might seem bett] = all production & consumption to be regulat$ fairly f outside4 ,b su* organis+ k9d ( regulation *ecks ! fl[ ( free individual creative p[]1 ?r\gh :i* economic life is f$1 & cuts ! economic life (f f :at ?is s\rce alone c give x4 ,putt+ aside any pre-conclusions1 j make ! exp]im5t ( an ,association betwe5 ^?1 :o to-day h no prop]ty1 & ^? :o h2 &1 if no =ces o!r ?an economic ones int]v5e1 x w be f\nd t ! ,haves are oblig$ to r5d] ! ,h-nots s]vice = s]vice4 ,! common talk ab\t su* ?+s to-day does n proce$ f ^? in/9cts ( life1 t exp]i5ce tea*es1 b f c]ta9 attitudes ( m9d1 t h aris5 out ( class or o!r int]e/s1 n out ( economic ones4 ,su* attitudes ( m9d _h a *ance to gr[ up1 because1 9 ^! latt] times1 j :5 economic life especially 0 becom+ m & m complicat$1 ! purely economic ideas 7 unable to keep pace ) x4 ,! cramp$ & fett]$ spiritual life has act$ z a drag4 ,! p1 :o are c>ry+ on economic life1 are fa/ caught 9 life's r\t9e2 !y are unable to see ! =ces t are at "w %ap+ ! _w's indu/rial economy4 ,!y "w on1 )\t any insight into ! totality ( human life4 ,b1 9 ! ,associations1 "o p]son w le>n f ano!r :at x is necess>y t he %\ld "k4 ,a collective exp]i5ce ( economic possibilities w arise f ! comb9$ judgm5t ( individuals1 :o ea* h insight & exp]i5ce 9 _! own p>ticul> dep>tm5ts4 ,:il/1 !n1 9 ! free spiritual life ! only =ces at "w are ^? inh]5t to ! spiritual life itself1 s 9 an economic sy/em modell$ on associative l9es1 ! only values t c\nt w be ^? economic values t gr[ up "u ! ,associations4 ,! p>ticul> "p t any individual has to play 9 economic life w become cle> to him f actual life & "w along ) 8 economic associates4 ,& ! weight t he c>ries 9 ! g5]al economic sy/em w be exactly proportionate to ! s]vice he r5d]s )9 x4 ,!re w be ^? :o are unfitt$ to r5d] s]vice2 & h[ ^! f9d _! place 9 ! g5]al economy ( ! body social is discuss$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! book4 ,9 an economic sy/em1 t is %ap$ by economic =ces alone1 x is possible = ! weak to f9d %elt] aga9/ ! /rong4 ,?us ! body social falls ap>t into two indep5d5t bran*es1 :i* are able to af=d ea* o!r mutual support ow+ to ! v fact1 t ea* has its own special me?od ( work+1 %ap$ by ! =ces inh]5t to itself4 ,b betwe5 ^! two mu/ come a ?ird1 ^: life lies betwixt bo?4 ,?is is ! true /ate bran* ( ! body social4 ,"h all ^? ?+s f9d a place t mu/ dep5d ^u ! judgm5t & s5tim5ts ( e p]son :o is ( age to h a voice4 ,)9 ! free spiritual life1 ev]yone busies himself accord+ to 8 special abilities4 ,)9 ! economic life1 ea* fills ! place t falls to him ?r\gh 8 connection ) ! re/ ( ! associative network4 ,)9 ! political /ate-life ( rights1 ea* comes into 8 own z a human be+1 & /&s on 8 simple human value1 9 s f> z ?is is ap>t f ! abilities :i* he ex]cises )9 ! free spiritual life1 & indep5d5t too ( :atev] value t ! associative economic sy/em may set ^u ! goods he produces4 ,h\rs ( lab\r & modes ( lab\r are %ewn 9 ?is book to be matt]s = ! political ,rights-life1 = ! /ate4 ,"h1 e man meets 8 fell[ on an equal foot+1 because1 "h1 all transactions & all control are conf9$ to ^? fields ( life 9 :i* all m5 alike are compet5t to =m an op9ion4 ,x is ! bran* ( ! body social :]e m5's rights & duties are adju/$4 ,! unity ( ! :ole body social w spr+ f ! sep>ate1 free expansion ( its ?ree functions4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! book x is %ewn1 :at =m ! en]gies ( capital & ( ! means ( production1 z well z ! use ( l&1 may take "u ! jo9t action ( ^! ?ree functions ( ! social organism4 ,to someone1 :o is b5t on solv+ ! social "q by a device ( economics1 by "s economic s*eme t has come up or be5 ?\ght out on pap]1--to him ?is book w seem unpractical4 ,b anyone1 :o is try+ f life's exp]i5ce to promote =ms ( comb9ation among/ m51 9 :i* !y may be able to see1 :at ! social problems1 & duties are1 & h[ be/ to fulfil !m1--he may p]haps admit1 t ! writ] ( ?is book is endeav\r+ aft] a g5u9e work+-practice ( life4 ,! book 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,april1 #aiai4 ,s9ce !n1 ,i h publi%$ a s]ies ( articles1 explanatory & supplem5t>y to x1 :i* h n[ appe>$ z a sep>ate volume4 #b ,x may be ?\ght1 t 9 bo? books a great deal is said ab\t ! pa?s t %\ld be pursu$ 9 social life1 & v little ab\t ! ultimate ends ( ! social movem5t4 ,anyone1 :o ?9ks along ! l9es ( life1 kn[s1 t1 z a matt] ( fact1 p>ticul> ends may pres5t !mselves 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,x is only ^? :o live 9 ab/ract ?\ghts1 :o see ?+s 9 s+le outl9e1 & :o (t5 f9d fault ) ! p]son 9 practical life = n putt+ !m def9itely1 cle>ly en\gh4 ,!re are _m su* ab/ractioni/s to be f\nd among/ p :o pride !mselves on _! practicality4 ,!y d n reflect1 t life c assume ! mo/ manifold =ms4 ,x is a fl[+ tide2 & if "o w\ld travel ) x1 "o mu/ adapt oneself ev5 9 ?\ght & feel+ to ! flux t is its con/ant feature4 ,?\ght ( ?is k9d alone c seize & keep its hold on social problems4 ,x is f ! obs]vation ( life t ! ideas 9 ?is book h be5 won2 x is f ! obs]vation ( life t !y ask to be und]/ood4 ,i4 ,,! ,,true ,,%ape ,,( ,,! ,,social ,,"q1 ,,z ,,%ewn ,,9 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,mod]n ,,man ,does n ! mod]n social movem5t /& reveal$ by ! great cata/rophe ( ! w>1 demon/rat+ 9 actual facts h[ inadequate ! ?\ghts 71 :i* = ye>s h be5 suppos$ suffici5t to an und]/&+ ( ! work+-class movem5t & its purport8 ,x is a "q =c$ ^u u by ! dem&s ( ! work]s & all t ^! involve1--dem&s :i* =m]ly 7 kept 9 suppression1 b :i* at ! pres5t "t are =c+ _! way to ! surface ( life4 ,! p[]s t 7 in/rum5tal 9 suppression are p>tially de/roy$2 & ! position !y took up t[>ds ! =ces ( social gr[? 9 a l>ge "p ( mank9d is "o t nobody c wi% to ma9ta91 :o does n totally fail to recognise h[ inde/ructible su* impulses ( human nature are4 ,! greate/ illusions 9 respect to ^! social =ces h be5 h>b\r$ by p]sons1 ^: situation 9 life gave !m ! p[]1 by ^w & voice1 ei!r to assi/ or to *eck ^? influ5ces 9 ,european life1 :i*1 9 #aiad1 7 ru%+ u into ! cata/rophe ( w>4 ,^! p]sons actually believ$1 t a milit>y victory = _! c\ntry w\ld hu% ! mutt]+s ( ! social /orm4 ,!y h s9ce be5 oblig$ to recognise1 t x 0 ! consequ5ces ( _! own attitude t fir/ br\ght ^! social t5d5cies fully to light4 ,inde$1 ! pres5t cata/rophe1--:i* is ! cata/rophe ( mank9d1--has %ewn itself to be ! v ev5t1 ?r\gh :i*1 hi/orically1 ^! t5d5cies ga9$ ! opportunity to make !mselves felt 9 _! full =ce4 ,dur+ ^! la/ fateful ye>s1 bo? ! lead+ p]sons & ! lead+ classes h be5 con/antly oblig$ to tune _! own behavi\r to ! note s\nd$ 9 sociali/ circles4 ,c\ld !y h disreg>d$ ! tone ( ^! circles1 !y w\ld (t5 gladly h act$ diff]5tly4 ,& ! effects ( ?is live on 9 ! =m :i* ev5ts are tak+ to-day4 ,& n[ ! ?+1 :i* = ye>s pa/ has be5 draw+ on 9 mank9d's life-evolution1 prep>+ its way be=e x1 has arriv$ at a decisive /age1--& n[ comes ! trag$y3 ,! facts are ) u 9 all _! rip5ess1 b ! ?\ghts t came up ) ! gr[? ( ! facts are no mat* = !m4 ,!re are _m p]sons :o tra9$ _! ?\ghts on ! l9es ( ! gr[+ process1 hop+ !reby to s]ve ! social ideal :i* !y recognis$ 9 x2 & ^! p]sons f9d !mselves to-day practically p[]less be=e ! problems :i* ! accompli%$ facts pres5t1 & on :i* ! de/9ies ( mank9d hang4 ,a good _m ( ^! p]sons1 x is true1 /ill believe t ! ?+s !y h s long ?\ght necess>y to ! remodell+ ( human life w n[ be realis$1 & w !n prove p[]ful en\gh to give ^! facts a possible turn & meet _! requirem5ts4 ,"o may dismiss ! op9ion ( ^?1 :o1 ev5 n[1 are /ill "u ! delusion1 t x mu/ be possible to ma9ta9 ! old s*eme ( ?+s aga9/ ! new dem&s t are be+ urg$ by a l>ge "p ( mank9d4 ,we may conf9e ourselves to exam9+ :at is go+ on 9 ! wills ( ^? p :o are conv9c$ t a remodell+ ( social life is necess>y4 ,ev5 s1 we %all be =c$ to own to ourselves1 t p>ty %ibbole?s g w&]+ up & d[n among/ u l ! dessicat$ corpses ( once animate cre$s1--ev]y:]e fl\t$ & set at naught by ! evolution ( facts4 ,! facts call = decisions1 = :i* ! cre$s ( ! old p>ties are all unprep>$4 ,^! p>ties c]ta9ly evolv$ along ) ! facts1--b !y1 & _! habits ( ?\ght1 h n kept pace ) ! facts4 ,"o may p]haps v5ture )\t presumption to hold1--9 ! face ( /ill common op9ion1--t ! c\rse ( ev5ts ?r\gh\t ! _w at ! pres5t "t be>s out :at has j be5 said4 ,"o may draw ! conclusion1 t ?is is j ! favorable mom5t to attempt to po9t out some?+1 :i*1 9 its true "*1 is =eign ev5 to ^? :o are exp]t ?9k]s among ! p>ties & p]sons belong+ to ! v>i\s s*ools ( social ?\ght4 ,= x may well be1 t ! trag$y t reveals itself 9 all ^! attempts to solve ! social "q1 arises precisely f ! real purport ( ! work+-class /ruggle hav+ be5 misund]/ood1--misund]/ood ev5 by ^? :o1 !mselves ) all _! op9ions1 are ! outcome ( ?is /ruggle4 ,= m5 by no means always read _! own purposes aright4 ,!re may !re=e seem "s ju/ification = putt+ ^! que/ions3 ,:at is1 9 reality1 ! purport ( ! mod]n work+-class movem5t8 ,:at is its w8 ,does ?is1 its w & purport1 correspond to :at is usually ?\ght ab\t x1 ei!r by ! work]s !mselves1 or by ! non-work]s8 ,does :at is commonly ?\ght ab\t ! social problem reveal t "q 9 its true =m8 ,or is an altoge!r diff]5t l9e ( ?\ght ne$$8 ,?is is a "q :i* "o _c approa* imp>tially unless1 ?r\gh p]sonal de/9y1 "o has 9 a position oneself to ent] into ! life ( ! mod]n work]'s s\l1--especially among/ t section ( ! work]s :o h mo/ to d ) ! =m ! social movem5t is tak+ 9 ! pres5t day4 ,p h talk$ a great deal ab\t ! evolution ( mod]n te*nical sci5ce & mod]n capitalism4 ,!y h /udi$ ! rise ( ! pres5t work+-class 9 ! process ( ?is evolution1 & h[ ! developm5ts ( economic life 9 rec5t times h l$ on to ! work]s' pres5t dem&s4 ,!re is mu* t is to ! po9t 9 :at has be5 said ab\t all ?is4 ,b !re is "o critical feature :i* is nev] t\*$ on1 z "o _c help see+1 if "o refuses to be hypnotis$ by ! !ory t x is ext]nal conditions t give ! /amp to a man's life4 ,x is a feature obvi\s to anyone :o keeps an uncl\d$ insight = impulses ( ! s\l t "w f )9 outw>ds1 out ( hidd5 dep?s4 ,x is q true1 t ! work]'s dem&s h be5 evolv$ dur+ ! gr[? ( mod]n te*nical sci5ce & mod]n capitalism2 b a recognition ( ?is fact af=ds no fur!r clue :atev] to ! impulses t are actuat+ ^! dem&s1 & :i* are 9 fact purely human 9 "*4 ,nor1 till "o p5etrates to ! he>t ( ^! impulses1 w "o get to ! true =m ( ! social "q4 ,!re is a ^w 9 frequ5t use among ! work]s1 :i* is ( /rik+ significance = anyone able to p5etrate to ! deep]-seat$ =ces active 9 ! human w4 ,x is ?is3 ! mod]n work] has become class-consci\s4 ,he no long] foll[s1 m or less in/9ctively & unconsci\sly1 ! sw+ ( ! classes outside 8 own4 ,he kn[s himself "o ( a class ap>t1 & is det]m9$1 t ! relation1 :i* public life e/abli%es betwe5 8 class & ! o!r classes1 %all be turn$ to good acc\nt = 8 own int]e/s4 ,& anyone1 :o has compreh5sion = ! und]curr5ts ( m5's s\ls1 f9ds 9 ! ^w class-consci\s1 z us$ by ! mod]n work]1 a clue to v important facts 9 ! work]'s view ( life1--9 p>ticul> among/ ^? classes ( work]s1 ^: life is ca/ amid/ mod]n te*nical indu/ry & mod]n capitalism4 ,:at w above all arre/ 8 att5tion is1 h[ /rongly ! work]'s s\l has be5 impress$ & fir$ by sci5tific tea*+s ab\t economic life & its be>+ on human de/9ies4 ,"h "o t\*es on a circum/ance ab\t :i* _m p1 :o only ?9k ab\t ! work]s1 n ) !m1 h v hazy notions1--notions inde$1 :i* are d[nright mis*iev\s1 9 view ( ! s]i\s ev5ts tak+ place at ! pres5t day4 ,! view1 t ! un$ucat$ work+ man has _h 8 head turn$ by ,m>xism1 & by lat] lab\r writ]s ( ! ,m>xi/ s*ool1 & o!r ?+s "o he>s ( ! same sort1 w n conduce t[>ds t und]/&+ ( ! subject & its connection ) ! :ole hi/oric situation ( ! _w1 :i* is s peculi>ly necess>y at ! pres5t day4 ,9 express+ su* a view1 "o only %ews t "o lacks ! w to exam9e an ess5tial feature ( ! pres5t social movem5t4 ,= x is an ess5tial feature1 t ! work+-class consci\sness has ?us become fill$ ) concepts t take _! /amp f ! sci5tific evolution ( rec5t times4 ,?is class-consci\sness cont9ues to be dom9at$ by ! note /ruck 9 ,lassalle's spee* on ,sci5ce & ! ,work]s4 ,su* ?+s may appe> uness5tial to _m a man :o reckons himself a practical p]son2 b anyone1 :o means to arrive at a really fruitful insight into ! mod]n lab\r movem5t1 is b\nd to turn 8 att5tion to ^! ?+s4 ,9 ! dem&s put =w>d by ! work]s to-day1 be !y mod]ates or radicals1 we h ! expression1 n1 z _m p imag9e1 ( economic life t has--someh[--become metamorphos$ into human impulse1 we h ! expression ( economic sci5ce1 by :i* ! work+-class consci\sness is possess$4 ,?is /&s out cle>ly 9 ! lit]ature ( ! lab\r movem5t1 ) its sci5tific flav\r & popul> j\rnali/ic r5d]+s4 ,to d5y ?is1 is to %ut "o's eyes to actual facts4 ,& x is a fundam5tal fact1 & "o :i* det]m9es ! :ole social situation at ! pres5t day1 t ev]y?+ :i* =ms ! subject ( ! work]'s class-consci\sness is c\*$ = him 9 concepts ( a sci5tific k9d4 ,! individual work+ at 8 ma*9e may be no matt] h[ completely a /rang] to sci5ce2 yet ^?1 :o enlight5 him z to 8 own position & to :om he li/5s1 borr[ _! me?od ( enlight5m5t f ?is same sci5ce4 ,all ! disquisitions ab\t mod]n economic life1 ab\t ! ma*9e age & capitalism1 may ?r[ ev] s in/ructive a light on ! facts und]ly+ ! mod]n work+-class movem5t2 b ! decisive light on ! pres5t social situation does n proce$ directly f ! fact1 t ! work] has be5 plac$ at ! ma*9e1 t he has be5 h>ness$ to ! capitali/ s*eme ( ?+s4 ,x proce$s f ! o!r1 diff]5t1 fact1 t 8 class-consci\sness has be5 fill$ ) a q def9ite k9d ( ?\ght1 %ap$ at ! ma*9e & "u ! influ5ce ( ! capitali/ ord] ( economy4 ,possibly ! habits ( ?\ght peculi> to ! pres5t day may prev5t _m p f realis+ ! full be>+ ( ?is circum/ance1 & may cause !m to reg>d ! /ress laid ^u x z a m]e dialectic play ^u t]ms4 ,"o c only say 9 reply3 ,s mu* ! worse = any prospect ( a successful int]v5tion 9 social life to-day by p :o are unable to di/+ui% ess5tials4 ,anyone1 :o wants to und]/& ! work+-class movem5t1 mu/ fir/ & =emo/ "k1 h[ ! work] ?9ks4 ,= ! work+-class movem5t1 f its mod]ate ef=ts at re=m to its mo/ sweep+ extravagances1 is n creat$ by =ces outside man1 by economic impulses1 b by human-be+s1 by _! m5tal conceptions & by ! impulses ( _! w4 ,n 9 :at capitalism & ! ma*9e h implant$ 9 ! work]'s consci\sness1 n "h lie ! ideas & w-=ces1 t give its "* to ! pres5t social movem5t4 ,?is movem5t turn$ 9 ! direction ( mod]n sci5ce to f9d its f\nt ( ?\ght1 because capitalism & ! ma*9e c\ld give ! work] no sub/ance ) :i* to cont5t 8 s\l z a human be+4 ,su* sub/ance & cont5t 0 af=d$ to ! m$ieval craftsman by 8 craft4 ,9 ! k9d ( connection :i* ! m$ieval h&work] felt betwe5 himself1 z a human be+1 & 8 craft1 !re 0 some?+ t %ew$ life )9 ! :ole human confrat]nity 9 a light :i* made x seem1 = 8 individual consci\sness1 wor? liv+4 ,:atev] he might be do+1 he 0 able to reg>d x 9 su* a way1 t he seem$ ?r\gh x to be realis+ :at he desir$1 z a man1 to be4 ,t5d+ a ma*9e "u ! capitali/ s*eme ( ?+s ! man 0 ?r[n back ^u himself1 ^u 8 own inn] life1 :5ev] he tri$ to f9d "s pr9ciple on :i* to base a g5]al outlook on ,man & "o's consci\sness ( :at z a man "o is4 ,te*nical indu/ry1 capitalism1--^! c\ld contribute no?+ t[>ds su* an outlook4 ,& s x came to pass1 t ! work+-class consci\sness took ! b5t t[>ds ! sci5tific type ( ?\ght4 ,! direct human l9k ) actual life 0 lo/4 ,n[ ?is occurr$ j at a "t1 :5 ! lead+ classes ( mank9d 7 work+ t[>ds a sci5tific mode ( ?\ght1 :i* 9 itself no long] possess$ ! spiritual en]gy to cont5t man's consci\sness 9 e aspect & guide x along all ! directions ( its wants4 ,! old views ( ! univ]se gave man 8 place z a s\l 9 ! spiritual complex ( exi/5ce4 ,mod]n sci5ce views him z a natural object amid/ a purely natural ord] ( ?+s4 ,?is sci5ce is n felt z a /ream fl[+ f a spiritual _w into ! s\l ( man1 & on :i* man z a s\l is buoy$ & upborne4 ,:atev] "o's op9ion may be z to ! relation ( ! religi\s impulses1 & k9dr$ ?+s1 to ! sci5tific mode ( ?\ght ( rec5t times1 yet "o mu/ admit1 if "o consid]s hi/oric evolution imp>tially1 t ! sci5tific conception has develop$ out ( ! religi\s "o4 ,b ! old conceptions ( ! univ]se1 t re/$ deep d[n on religi\s f\ndations1 lack$ p[] to imp>t _! s\l-be>+ =ce to ! new] =m ( sci5tific conception4 ,!y )drew beyond its range1 & liv$ on1 cont5t+ _! consci\sness ) ?+s 9 :i* ! s\ls ( ! work]s c\ld f9d no res\rce4 ,= ! lead+ classes1 ?is inn] _w ( consci\sness might /ill h a c]ta9 value4 ,9 "s =m or o!r x 0 b\nd up ) _! own position 9 life4 ,!y s\ght = no new sub/ance = _! consci\sness1 because !y 7 able to keep a hold on ! old "o1 t _h be5 h&$ d[n to !m ?r\gh actual life4 ,b ! mod]n work] 0 torn out ( all 8 old sett+ 9 life4 ,he 0 ! man ^: life _h be5 put on a totally new basis4 ,= him1 :5 ! old bases ( life 7 )drawn1 !re disappe>$ at ! same "t all possibility ( draw+ f ! old spiritual spr+s4 ,^! lay f> (f 9 regions to :i* he 0 n[ become a /rang]4 ,contemporane\s ) mod]n te*nical sci5ce & mod]n capitalism1--9 su* a s5se z "o c speak ( great world/reams ( hi/ory z contemporane\s1--!re grew up ! mod]n sci5tific conception ( ! _w4 ,to ?is ! tru/1 ! fai?1 ( ! mod]n work] turn$4 ,x 0 "h he s\ght ! new sub/ance t he ne$$ to cont5t 8 inn] consci\sness4 ,b ! work+-class & ! lead+ classes 7 diff]5tly situat$ ) reg>d to _! sci5tific outlook4 ,! lead+ classes felt no necessity = mak+ ! sci5tific mode ( conception into a gospel ( life1 = ! support ( _! s\ls4 ,no matt] h[ ?or\ghly !y might h p]meat$ !mselves ) ! sci5tific conception ( a natural ord] ( ?+s1 9 :i* a direct *a9 ( causality leads up f ! l[e/ animals to man1 ?is mode ( conception rema9$ nev]!less a m]ely !oretic p]suasion4 ,x nev] /irr$ _! feel+s1 & impell$ !m to take life ?r\gh & ?r\gh 9 a way befitt+ su* a p]suasion4 ,take naturali/s su* z ,vogt & ! popul> writ]1 ,bue*n]2 !y 7 unque/ionably p]meat$ ) ! sci5tific mode ( conception2 b1 alongside ?is1 !re 0 some?+ else at "w 9 _! s\ls :i* kept _! lives int]wov5 ) a :ole complex ( circum/ances1 su* z c ^? ^: only intelligible ju/ification c be ! belief 9 a spiritual ord] ( ! _w4 ,putt+ aside all prejudice1 let u j imag9e1 h[ diff]5tly ! sci5tific outlook affects a man ^: p]sonal exi/5ce is an*or$ 9 su* a complex1 f ! mod]n artisan1 :o1 9 ! few ev5+ h\rs t he has free f "w1 he>s ! lab\r lead] get up & address him 9 ?is fa%ion3 ,sci5ce 9 our "t has cur$ m5 ( believ+ t !y h _! orig9 9 a spiritual _w4 ,!y h le>nt bett]1 & "k n[1 t 9 ! f> ages1 long ago1 !y climb$ ab\t on trees l any vulg> monkey4 ,sci5ce has taught !m too1 t !y 7 all alike 9 _! orig91 & t x 0 a purely natural "o4 ,x 0 a sci5ce t turn$ on su* ?\ghts z ^!1 :i* met ! work] :5 he 0 look+ = a sub/ance to fill 8 s\l & give him a s5se ( 8 own place z man 9 ! life ( ! univ]se4 ,he took ! sci5tific outlook on ! _w 9 ?or\gh e>ne/1 & drew f x 8 own practical conclusions = life4 ,! te*nical1 capitali/ic age laid hold ( him diff]5tly f a memb] ( ! lead+ classes4 ,! latt] _h 8 place 9 an ord] ( life1 :i* /ill bore ! %ape once giv5 x by s\l-su/a9+ =ces2 x 0 all to 8 int]e/ to fit ! acquisitions ( ! new age into ?is sett+4 ,b ! work]1 9 8 s\l1 0 torn loose f ?is ord] ( life4 ,x 0 n capable ( giv+ him "o emotion t c\ld illum9e & fill 8 own life ) any?+ ( human wor?4 ,!re 0 "o ?+ only1 :i* c\ld give ! work] any s5se ( :at a man is1 "o ?+ only t seem$ to h em]g$ f ! old ord] ( life end[$ ) ! p[] t awak5s fai?1 & t 0--sci5tific ?\ght4 ,x may ar\se a smile 9 "s ( ^? :o read ?is1 to be told ( ! sci5tific "* ( ! work]'s conceptions4 ,let !m smile1 :o c only ?9k ( ! sci5tific habit ( m9d z some?+ t is acquir$ by _m ye>s ( application on ! b5*es ( educational in/itutes1 & !n contra/ ?is sort ( sci5ce ) :at fills ! m9d ( ! work] :o has nev] le>nt any?+4 ,:at is = him a smil+ matt]1 are facts ( mod]n life on :i* ! fate ( ! future turns4 ,& ^! facts %ew1 t _m a v le>n$ man lives unsci5tifically1 :]eas ! unle>n$ work] br+s 8 :ole view ( life into l9e ) t sci5tific le>n+1 ( :i* v likely no?+ has fall5 to 8 %>e4 ,! educat$ man has made a place = sci5ce1--x has a pigeon-hole ( its own 9 ! recesses ( 8 s\l4 ,b he himself has 8 place 9 a network ( circum/ances 9 actual life1 & x is ^! :i* give ! direction to 8 feel+s4 ,8 feel+ is n direct$ by 8 sci5ce4 ,! work]1 ?r\gh ! v conditions ( 8 life1 is l$ to br+ 8 conception ( exi/5ce into unison ) ! g5]al tone ( ?is sci5ce4 ,he may be v f> f :at ! o!r classes call sci5tific1 yet 8 life's c\rse is *>t$ by ! sci5tific l9es ( conception4 ,= ! o!r classes1 "s religi\s or ae/hetic1 "s g5]al spiritual pr9ciple is ! det]m9+ basis2--= him1 ,sci5ce is turn$ into ! cre$ ( life1--ev5 ?\gh (t5 x may be sci5ce filt]$ away to its la/ little %all[s & driblets ( ?\ght4 ,_m a memb] ( ! =emo/ classes feels himself to be enlight5$ 9 religion1 a free-?9k]4 ,no d\bt 8 sci5tific convictions influ5ce 8 conceptions2 b 9 8 feel+s /ill ?rob ! =gott5 remnants ( a traditional cre$ ( life4 ,:at ! sci5tific type ( ?\ght has n br\ght d[n f ! old ord]1 is ! consci\sness ( be+1 z a spiritual type1 root$ 9 a spiritual _w4 ,?is 0 a peculi>ity ( ! mod]n sci5tific outlook1 :i* pres5t$ no difficulty to a memb] ( ! lead+ classes4 ,life to him 0 fill$ by old traditions4 ,= ! work] x 0 o!rwise2 8 new situation 9 life drove ! old traditions f 8 s\l4 ,he took ov] f ! rul+ classes z h]itage ! sci5tific mode ( ?\ght1 & made ?is ! basis ( 8 consci\sness ( ! life & be+ ( man4 ,b ?is spiritual possession1 ) :i* he fill$ 8 s\l1 knew no?+ ( its d]ivation f an actual life ( ! _s4 ,! only spiritual life1 t ! work]s c\ld take ov] f ! rul+ classes1 0 ( a sort t d5i$ its spiritual orig94 ,i well "k1 h[ ^! ?\ghts w affect p outside z well z inside ! work+-class1 :o1 believ+ !mselves to h a ?or\gh practical acqua9tance ) life1 reg>d ! view "h express$ z q remote f realities4 ,! language ( actual facts1 z spok5 by ! :ole /ate ( ! _w to-day1 w m & m prove ?is belief ( !irs to be a delusion4 ,= anyone able to look at ^! facts )\t prejudice1 x w be pla91 t a view ( life1 :i* nev] gets beyond _! ext]nal aspect1 becomes ultimately inaccessible to any conceptions save su* z h lo/ all t\* ) facts4 ,rul+ ?\ght has clung on s long 9 ?is practical way to facts1--t ! ?\ghts !mselves h end$ by be>+ no resemblance :atev] to ! facts4 ,! pres5t _w-cata/rophe might h taught _m p a lesson 9 ?is respect4 ,:at did !y ?9k x possible might happ58 ,& :at really did happ58 ,is x to be ! same ) _! ?\ghts ab\t social problems8 ,i "k too1 h[ someone :o pr(esses work+-class views w feel ab\t :at has be5 said1 & c he> him say+3 ,j l ! re/ ( !m6 try+ to %unt ! real gi/ ( ! social "q (f on to l9es t promise to be smoo? = ! b\rgeois sort4 ,) 8 cre$1 he does n see h[ fate has br\ght him into ?is work+-class life1 & h[ he is try+ to f9d 8 way 9 x ) a type ( ?\ght inh]it$ f ! rul+-classes4 ,he lives z a work+-man b he ?9ks z a b\rgeois4 ,! new age is mak+ x necess>y to le>n n only a new way ( life1 b a new way ( ?\ght also4 ,! sci5tific mode ( conception c only become sub/antial & life-support+1 :5 x evolves1 9 its own fa%ion1 a p[] to cont5t ! :ole ( human life 9 all its aspects1 su* z ! old conceptions ( life once evolv$ 9 _! way4 ,?is po9ts ! pa? = ! discov]y 9 its true =m ( "o factor 9 ! mod]n lab\r movem5t4 ,& hav+ travell$ x to ! end1 ! work]'s s\l utt]s ?is cry ( conviction3 ,i am /riv+ aft] spiritual life4 ,yet ?is spiritual life is ideology1 is m]ely man's own reflection ( :at is go+ on 9 ! _w outside1 x does n come to u f a spiritual _w ( its own4 ,9 ! transition to ! new age1 ! old spiritual life _h turn$ to some?+ :i*1 = ! work+-class s5se ( life1 is ideology4 ,if "o wants to und]/& ! mood ( s\l among/ ! work]s1 z x f9ds v5t 9 ! social dem&s ( ! pres5t day1 "o mu/ be able to grasp ! full possible effects ( ! !ory t spiritual life is ideology4 ,x may be retort$3 ,:at does ! av]age work+-man "k ( any su* !ory8 x is only a w-o'-!-wisp 9 ! bra9s ( _! m or less educat$ lead]s4 ,b anyone :o says s is talk+ wide ( life1 & 8 do+s 9 actual life w be wide ( x too4 ,he simply does n "k1 :at has be5 go+ on 9 ! life ( ! work+-class dur+ ! la/ half c5tury4 ,he does n "k ! ?reads t are wov5 f ! !ory1 t spiritual life is ideology1 to ! dem&s & actions ( ! out-&-out sociali/1 :om he ?9ks s ignorant2--yes1 & to ! de$s too ( ^? :o hat* revolution out ( ! bl9d prompt+s ( ! life )9 !m4 ,h]e9 lies ! trag$y ov]%ad[+ all our int]pretations ( ! social dem&s ( ! day1 t 9 s _m circles !re is no s5se ( :at is =c+ its way up to ! surface out ( ! s\ls ( ! great masses ( mank9d1--t p _c turn _! eyes to :at is actually tak+ place 9 m5's inn] life4 ,! non-work] li/5s ) dismay to ! work] sett+ =? 8 dem&s2 & ?is is :at he he>s3--,no?+ %ort ( communalis+ ! means ( production w make x possible = me to h a life wor?y ( a human be+4 ,b ! non-work] is unable to =m ! fa9te/ conception1 ( h[ 8 own class1 9 ! transition f ! old age to ! new1 n only summon$ ! work] to lab\r at means ( production t 7 n 81 b fail$ ev5 to give him any?+ to satisfy & su/a9 8 s\l 9 8 lab\r4 ,p1 :o see & act wide ( ! m>k 9 ?is way1 may say3--,b1 aft] all1 ! work+-man only wants to bett] 8 position 9 life & put himself on a level ) ! upp] classes2 :]e d ! ne$s ( 8 s\l come 98 ,! work+-man himself may ev5 decl>e3--,i am n ask+ ! o!r classes = any?+ = my s\l2 all ,i want1 is to prev5t !m exploit+ me any long]4 ,i mean to put an end to exi/+ class di/9ctions4 ,talk ( ?is k9d does n t\* ! ess5ce ( ! social "q4 ,x reveals no?+ ( its true =m4 ,=1 _h ! work+ population inh]it$ f ! lead+ classes a g5u9e spiritual sub/ance1 !n !y w\ld h _h a diff]5t consci\sness )9 _! s\ls1 "o :i* w\ld h voic$ _! social dem&s 9 q a diff]5t fa%ion f ! mod]n work]s1 :o c see 9 ! spiritual life1 z !y h receiv$ x1 m]ely an ideology4 ,! work]s1 z a class1 are conv9c$ ( ! ideologic "* ( spiritual life2 b ! conviction r5d]s !m m & m unhappy4 ,!y are n def9itely consci\s ( ?is unhapp9ess 9 _! s\ls1 b !y suff] acutely f x1 & x f> outweighs1 9 its significance = ! social "q to-day1 all dem&s = an improvem5t 9 ext]nal conditions1--ju/ifiable z ^! dem&s are too 9 _! own way4 ,! rul+ classes d n recognise1 t !y are !mselves ! au?ors ( t attitude ( m9d1 :i* n[ confronts !m militant 9 ! lab\r-_w4 ,& yet1 !y are ! au?ors ( x1 inasmu* z1 out ( _! own spiritual _w1 !y fail$ to bequea? to ! work]s any?+ b :at mu/ seem to ! work]s ideology4 ,:at gives to ! pres5t social movem5t its ess5tial /amp1 is n ! dem& = a *ange ( conditions 9 ! life ( "o class ( m51--al?\gh t is ! natural sign ( x4 ,r1 x is ! mann] 9 :i* ?is dem& is translat$ by ?is class f a ?\ght-impulse into actual reality4 ,consid] ! facts imp>tially f ?is po9t ( view4 ,"o w f9d p]sons :o aim at keep+ 9 t\* ) lab\r t5d5cies 9 ?\ght1 smile at any talk ( a spiritual movem5t propos+ to contribute any?+ t[>ds ! solution ( ! social "q4 ,!y dismiss x ) a smile1 z ideology1 empty !ory4 ,f ?\ght1 f ! m]e life ( ! _s1 !re is no?+1 !y feel c]ta91 to be contribut$ to ! burn+ social problems ( ! h\r4 ,& yet1 :5 "o looks at ! matt] m closely1 x is =c$ ^u "o1 t ! v n]ve1 ! v root-impulse ( ! mod]n movem5t1--especially z a work+-class movem5t1--does n lie 9 ! ?+s ab\t :i* ! mod]n work] talks1 b 9 ?\ghts4 ,! mod]n work+-class movem5t has sprung1 z p]haps no o!r simil> movem5t 9 ! _w be=e x1 out ( ?\ghts4 ,:5 /udi$ m closely1 x %ews ?is 9 a mo/ m>k$ degree4 ,i am n ?r[+ ?is out z an ap]u1 ! result ( long pond]+ ov] ! social movem5t4 ,if ,i may v5ture to introduce a p]sonal rem>k ,i 0 = ye>s lectur] at a work+-man's in/itute1 giv+ in/ruction to work+ m5 9 a wide v>iety ( subjects2 & ,i ?9k t x taught me :at is liv+ & /irr+ 9 ! s\l ( ! mod]n prolet>ian work]4 ,& f ?is />t+ po9t1 ,i _h occasion to g on1 & foll[ up ! t5d5cies at "w 9 ! v>i\s trades unions & diff]5t call+s4 ,i ?9k ,i may say1 t ,i am n approa*+ ! subject m]ely f !oretical consid]ations1 b am putt+ into words ! results arriv$ at ?r\gh actual liv+ exp]i5ce4 ,anyone1--only1 un=tunately1 s few ( ! lead+ intellectuals are 9 ?is position1--b anyone1 :o has le>nt to "k ! mod]n lab\r movem5t :]e x 0 c>ri$ on by ! work]s !mselves1 kn[s h[ rem>kable a feature x is 9 x1 & h[ fraught ) significance1 t a c]ta9 tr5d ( ?\ght has laid int5se hold on ! s\ls ( l>ge numb]s ( m54 ,:at makes x at ! pres5t mom5t h>d to adopt any l9e z reg>ds ! social conundrums t pres5t !mselves1 is t !re is s little possibility ( an und]/&+ betwe5 ! diff]5t classes4 ,x is s h>d = ! middle-class to-day to put !mselves into ! s\l ( ! work]1--s h>d = !m to und]/& h[ ! work]'s /ill fre%1 unexhau/$ intellig5ce op5$ to receive a "w su* z t ( ,k>l ,m>x1--:i*1 9 its :ole mode ( conception1 no matt] h[ "o reg>ds its sub/ance1 measures ! requirem5ts ( human ?\ght by su* a l(ty /&>d4 ,"o man may agree ) ,k>l ,m>x's intellectual sy/em1--ano!r may refute x2 & ! argum5ts on ei!r side may appe> equally good4 ,9 "s po9ts x 0 revis$1 aft] ! dea? ( ,m>x & 8 fri5d ,engels1 by ^? :o came lat] & saw social life "u a diff]5t aspect f ^! lead]s4 ,i am n propos+ to discuss ! sub/ance ( ! ,m>xian sy/em4 ,x is n ?is t seems to me ! significant ?+ 9 ! mod]n work+-class movem5t4 ,! ?+ t to me seems significant above all o!rs is1 t x %\ld be a fact1 t ! mo/ p[]ful impulse at "w 9 ! lab\r _w is a ?\ght-sy/em4 ,"o may g s f> z to put x ?us3--,no practical movem5t1 no movem5t t 0 altoge!r a movem5t ( practical life1 mak+ ! mo/ matt]-(-fact dem&s ( e-day humanity1 has ev] be=e re/$ s almo/ entirely on a basis ( ?\ght alone1 z ! pres5t work+-class movem5t does4 ,inde$ x is 9 a way ! fir/ movem5t ( its k9d to take up its /& entirely on a sci5tific basis4 ,"o mu/ h[ev] see ?is fact 9 its prop] light4 ,if "o consid]s ev]y?+ t ! mod]n work] has consci\sly to say ab\t 8 own views & purposes & s5tim5ts1 x does n seem to "o1 f a deep] obs]vation ( life1 to be by any means ! ?+ ( ma9 importance4 ,:at impresses itself z ( real importance is1 t :at 9 ! o!r classes is an app5dage ( "o s+le bran* ( ! s\l's life1--! ?\ght-basis1 f :i* life takes its tone1--has be5 made by prolet>ian feel+ into ! ?+ on :i* ! :ole man turns4 ,:at has ?us become an inw>d reality 9 ! work] is1 h[ev]1 a reality t he _c ackn[l$ge4 ,he is det]r$ f ackn[l$g+ x1 because ?\ght-life has be5 h&$ d[n to him z ideology4 ,he builds up 8 life 9 reality ^u ?\ghts2 yet feels ?\ghts to be unreal ideology4 ,?is is a fact t "o mu/ cle>ly recognise 9 ! human evolution ( rec5t ye>s1 toge!r ) all t x involves1--o!rwise x is impossible to und]/& ! work]'s views ( life & ! way ^?1 :o hold ^! views1 set ab\t realis+ !m 9 practice4 ,f ! picture drawn ( ! work]'s spiritual life 9 ! prec$+ pages1 x w be cle> t ! ma9 features ( ?is spiritual life mu/ occupy ! fir/ place 9 any description ( ! work+-class social movem5t 9 its true =m4 ,= x is ess5tial to ! work]'s way ( feel+ ! causes ( 8 unsatisfactory social condition & endeavor+ to remove !m1 t bo? ! feel+ & ! endeav\r take ! direction giv5 !m by 8 spiritual life4 ,& yet1 at pres5t1 he c only reject ) contempt or ang] ! notion1 t 9 ! spiritual f\ndations ( ! social movem5t !re is some?+ t pres5ts a rem>kable driv+ =ce4 ,h[ %\ld he recognise 9 spiritual life a =ce able to be> him along1 :5 he is b\nd to feel x z ideology8 ,"o _c look to a spiritual life1 t "o feels z ideology1 to op5 up ! way out ( a social situation1 :i* "o has resolv$ to endure no long]4 ,! sci5tific ca/ ( 8 ?\ght has turn$ n only sci5ce1 b religion1 art1 morality1 & "r also = ! mod]n work] into s _m con/itu5t p>ts ( human ideology4 ,beh9d ^! bran*es ( ! spiritual life he sees no?+ ( ! work+s ( an actual reality1 :i* f9ds its way into 8 own exi/5ce1 & c contribute some?+ to mat]ial life4 ,to him1 ^! ?+s are only ! reflect$ %9e1 or mirror$ image ( ! mat]ial life4 ,:atev] reflex influ5ce !y may h on ! %ap+ ( ?is mat]ial life1--:e!r r\ndab\t1 ?r\gh ! conceptions ( m5's bra9s1 or ?r\gh be+ tak5 up into ! impulses ( ! w1 yet1 orig9ally1 !y arise out ( ! mat]ial life itself z ideologic emanations f x4 ,^! ( !mselves c c]ta9ly yield no?+ t w conduce to ! removal ( social difficulties4 ,only out ( ! sph]e ( mat]ial processes !mselves c any?+ arise t w lead to ! desir$ end4 ,mod]n spiritual life has be5 pass$ on f ! lead+ classes ( mank9d to ! work+ population 9 a =m :i* prev5ts ! latt] f be+ aw>e ( ! =ce t dwells 9 x4 ,?is fact above all mu/ be und]/ood1 :5 consid]+ :at are ! =ces t c help t[>ds ! solution ( ! social "q4 ,%\ld x cont9ue to ex]t its pres5t influ5ce1 !n mank9d's spiritual life mu/ see itself doom$ to impot5ce be=e ! social dem&s ( our day & ! "t to come4 ,its impot5ce is 9 fact an article ( fai? ) a l>ge "p ( ! work+-class1 & op5ly press$ 9 ,m>xism & simil> cre$s4 ,mod]n economic life--!y say--has evolv$ out ( its e>li] =ms ! pres5t capitali/ic "o4 ,?is evolution>y process has br\ght ! work]s into an un5durable situation z reg>ds capital4 ,b evolution w n /op "h1 x w g on1 & kill capitalism ?r\gh ! =ces at "w 9 capitalism itself & f ! dea? ( capitalism w spr+ ! emancipation ( ! work]s4 ,lat] sociali/ ?9k]s h dive/$ ?is cre$ ( ! fatali/ic "* x _h assum$ among/ a c]ta9 s*ool ( ,m>xi/s4 ,b ev5 s its ess5tial feature rema9s1 & %ews itself 9 ?is way3--t x w\ld n occur to anyone1 :o wi%es to be a true sociali/ to-day1 to say3 ,if we discov] any:]e a life ( ! s\l1 hav+ its rise 9 ! =ces ( ! age1 root$ 9 a spiritual reality1 & able to su/a9 ! :ole man1--!n su* a s\l life z ?is c\ld radiate ! p[] ne$$ z a motor-=ce = ! social movem5t4 ,! man ( to-day1 :o is oblig$ to lead ! life ( a work]1 c *]i% no su* expectation f ! spiritual life ( ! day2 & ?is x is :i* gives ! key-note to 8 s\l4 ,he ne$s a spiritual life f :i* p[] c come1--p[] to give 8 s\l ! s5se ( 8 human wor?4 ,= :5 ! capitali/ economic ord] ( rec5t times caught him up into its ma*9]y1 ! man himself1 ) all ! deepe/ ne$s ( 8 s\l1 0 driv5 = rec\rse to "s su* spiritual life4 ,b ! k9d ( spiritual life :i* ! lead+ classes h&$ on to him z ideology left 8 s\l void4 ,runn+ ?r\gh all ! dem&s ( ! mod]n work+-class1 is ?is long+ = "s l9k ) ! spiritual life1 o!r ?an ! pres5t =m ( society c give2 & ?is is :at gives ! direct+ impetus 9 ! social movem5t to-day4 ,?is fact h[ev] is "o t is rightly und]/ood nei!r outside nor inside ! work+-class4 ,^? outside ! work+-class d n suff] f ! ideologic ca/ ( mod]n spiritual life1 :i* is ( _! own mak+4 ,^? :o are inside ! work+-class d suff]2 b ! v ideologic "* ( _! inh]it$ spiritual life has robb$ !m ( all belief 9 ! p[] ( spiritual possessions1 z su*1 to su/a9 & support !m4 ,on a "r insight into ?is fact dep5ds ! discov]y ( a pa? out ( ! maze ( confusion into :i* social affairs h fall54 ,! pa? has be5 block$ by ! social sy/em t has aris5 ) ! new =m ( indu/rial economy "u ! influ5ce ( ! lead+ classes4 ,! /r5g? to op5 x mu/ be a*iev$4 ,p's ?\ghts 9 ?is respect w und]go a complete *ange1 :5 once !y come really to feel ! full weight ( ?is fact3 ,t1 9 a human community :]e spiritual life plays a m]ely ideologic role1 common social life lacks "o ( ! =ces t c make & keep x a liv+ organism4 ,:at ails ! body social to-day1 is impot5ce ( ! spiritual life4 ,& ! disease is aggravat$ by ! reluctance to ackn[l$ge its exi/5ce4 ,once ! fact is ackn[l$g$1 !re w !n be a basis on :i* to develope ! k9d ( ?9k+ ne$$ = ! social movem5t4 ,at pres5t1 ! work] ?9ks t he has /ruck a ma9 =ce 9 8 s\l1 :5 he talks ab\t 8 class-consci\sness4 ,b ! tru? is1 t ev] s9ce he 0 caught up into ! capitali/ economic ma*9e he has be5 se>*+ = a spiritual life t c\ld su/a9 8 s\l & give him a human-consci\sness1--a consci\sness ( 8 wor? z man1--:i* !re is no possibility ( develop+ ) a spiritual life t is felt z ideology4 ,?is human-consci\sness--0 :at he 0 seek+4 ,he c\ld n f9d x2 & s he replac$ x ) class-consci\sness born ( ! economic life4 ,8 eyes are rivett$ ^u ! economic life alone1 z ?\gh "s ov]p[]+ sugge/ive influ5ce held !m !re4 ,& he no long] believes t else:]e1 9 ! _s or 9 ! s\l1 !re c be any:]e a lat5t =ce capable ( supply+ ! impulse = :at is ne$$ 9 ! social movem5t4 ,all he believes is1 t ! evolution ( an economic life1 devoid ( _s & ( s\l1 c br+ ab\t ! p>ticul> /ate ( ?+s1 :i* he himself feels to be ! "o wor?y ( man4 ,?us he is driv5 to seek 8 welf>e 9 a trans=mation ( economic life alone4 ,he has be5 =c$ to ! conviction1 t ) ! m]e trans=mation ( economic life all ^? ills w\ld disappe>1 t h be5 br\ght on ?r\gh private ent]prise1 ?r\gh ! egoism ( ! individual employ]1 & ?r\gh ! individual employ]'s p[]lessness to d ju/ice to ! claims ( human self-respect 9 ! employee4 ,& s ! mod]n work] 0 l$ on to believe1 t ! only welf>e = ! body social lay 9 conv]t+ all private own]%ip ( means ( production into a communal conc]n1 or into actual communal prop]ty4 ,?is conviction is due to p's eyes hav+ be5 remov$1 z x 71 f ev]y?+ belong+ to s\l & _s1 & fix$ exclusively on ! purely economic process4 ,h5ce all ! p>adox 9 ! work+-class movem5t4 ,! mod]n work] believes1 t indu/rial economy1 ! economic life itself1 w ( necessity evolve all t w ultimately give him 8 rights z man4 ,^! rights ( man 9 full are :at he is fight+ =4 ,& yet1 9 ! he>t ( ! fight some?+ diff]5t makes its appe>ance1--some?+ :i* nev] c\ld be an outcome ( ! economic life alone4 ,x is a significant ?+1 :i* speaks mo/ =cibly1 t "h1 "r at ! c5tre ( ! _m =ms :i* ! social "q assumes "u ! ne$s ( human life to-day1 !re is some?+ t seems1 9 m5's belief1 to proce$ out ( economic life1 :i*1 h[ev]1 nev] c\ld proce$ f economic life alone1--some?+1 t lies r 9 ! direct l9e ( evolution2 lead+ up ?r\gh ! old slave sy/em1 ?r\gh ! s]fdom ( ! feudal age1 to ! mod]n prolet>iat ( lab\r4 ,! circulation ( commodities1 ( money1 ! sy/em ( capital1 prop]ty-own]%ip1 ! l& sy/em1 ^! may h tak5 no matt] :at =m "u mod]n life2 b at ! he>t ( mod]n life some?+ else has tak5 place1 nev] di/9ctly express$1 n consci\sly felt ev5 by ! mod]n work]1 b :i* is ! fundam5tal =ce actuat+ all 8 social purpose4 ,x is ?is3--,! mod]n capitali/ sy/em ( economy recognises1 at bottom1 no?+ b commodities )9 its own prov9ce4 ,x und]/&s ! creation ( commodity-values z a process 9 ! body economic4 ,& 9 ! capitali/ic processes ( ! mod]n age some?+ has be5 turn$ into a commodity1 :i* ! work] feels mu/ n & _c be a commodity4 ,if x 7 only recognis$ :at a fundam5tal =ce ?is is 9 ! social movem5t among/ ! mod]n work]s3 ?is loa?+ t ! mod]n work] feels at be+ =c$ to b>t] 8 lab\r-p[] to ! employ]1 z goods are b>t]$ 9 ! m>ket1--loa?+ at see+ 8 p]sonal lab\r-p[] play "p z a factor 9 ! supply & dem& ( ! lab\r-m>ket1 j z ! goods 9 ! m>ket are subject to supply & dem&4 ,:5 once p become aw>e :at ?is loa?+ ( ! lab\r-commodity means = ! mod]n social movem5t1 :5 once !y /raightly & hone/ly recognise1 t ! ?+ at "w !re is n ev5 emphatically & dra/ically en\gh express$ 9 sociali/ doctr9es1--!n !y w h discov]$ ! second ( ! two impulses :i* are mak+ ! social "q to-day s urg5t1 "o may inde$ say s burn+1--! fir/ be+ t spiritual life t is felt z an ideology4 ,9 old days !re 7 slaves4 ,! entire man 0 sold z a commodity4 ,r less ( ! man1 b /ill a portion ( ! human-be+ himself 0 incorporat$ 9 ! economic process by s]fdom4 ,to-day1 capitalism is ! p[]1 ?r\gh :i* /ill a remnant ( ! human-be+1--8 lab\r-p[]1--is /amp$ ) ! "* ( a commodity4 ,i am n say+1 t ?is fact has rema9$ unnotic$4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is a fact :i* 9 social life to-day is recognis$ z a fundam5tal "o1 & :i* is felt to be some?+ t plays a v important "p 9 ! mod]n social movem5t4 ,b p 9 /udy+ x keep _! att5tion solely fix$ on economic life4 ,!y make ! "q ( ! nature ( a commodity solely an economic "o4 ,!y look to economic life itself = ! =ces t %all br+ ab\t conditions1 "u :i* ! work] %all no long] feel t 8 lab\r-p[] is play+ a "p unwor?y ( him 9 ! body social4 ,!y see1 h[ ! mod]n =m ( indu/rial economy came ab\t hi/orically 9 ! rec5t evolution ( mank9d4 ,!y see too1 h[ x gave ! commodity "* to human lab\r-p[]4 ,:at !y d n see1 is1 t x is a necessity inh]5t 9 economic life1 t ev]y?+ incorporat$ 9 x becomes a commodity4 ,economic life consi/s 9 ! production & useful consumption ( commodities4 ,"o _c dive/ human lab\r-p[] ( its commodity "*1 unless "o c f9d a way ( sep>at+ x out f ! economic process4 ,x is ( no use try+ to remodel ! economic process s z to give x a %ape 9 :i* human lab\r may come by its rights inside t process itself4 ,:at "o mu/ endeavor1 is to f9d a way ( sep>at+ lab\r-p[] out f ! economic process1 & br++ x "u social =ces t w d away ) its commodity "*4 ,! work] sets 8 desire ^u "s arrangem5t ( economic life1 :]e 8 lab\r-p[] %all f9d a fitt+ place2 n see+1 t ! commodity "* ( 8 lab\r is inh]5tly & ess5tially due to 8 be+ b\nd up 9 ! economic processes z "p & p>cel ( !m4 ,be+ oblig$ to surr5d] 8 lab\r-p[] to ! economic processes1 ! :ole man himself is caught up into !m4 ,s long z ! economic sy/em has ! regulat+ ( lab\r-p[]1 x w g on consum+ lab\r-p[] j z x consumes commodities1--9 ! mann] t is mo/ useful to its purposes4 ,x is z ?\gh ! p[] ( economic life hypnotis$ p1 s t !y c look at no?+ except :at is go+ on inside x4 ,!y may look = ev] 9 ?is direction )\t discov]+ h[ lab\r-p[] c escape be+ a commodity4 ,"s o!r =m ( indu/rial economy w only make lab\r-p[] a commodity 9 "s o!r mann]4 ,! lab\r "q _c f9d place 9 its true %ape z "p ( ! social "q1 until x is recognis$ t ! consid]ations ( economic life :i* det]m9e ! laws gov]n+ ! circulation1 ex*ange & consumption ( commodities1 are n su* ^: compet5ce %\ld be ext5d$ to human lab\r-p[]4 ,new age ?\ght has n le>n$ to di/+ui% ! totally diff]5t fa%ions 9 :i* ! two ?+s ent] into economic life3 i4e41 on ! "o h&1 lab\r-p[]1 :i* is intimately b\nd up ) ! human-be+ himself2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ^? ?+s t proce$ f ano!r s\rce & are dissociat$ f ! human-be+1 & :i* circulate along ^? pa?s t all commodities mu/ take f _! production to _! consumption4 ,s\nd ?9k+ on ^! l9es w %ew bo? ! true =m ( ! lab\r-p[] "q1 & ! place t economic life mu/ occupy 9 a heal?ily con/itut$ society4 ,f ?is1 x is obvi\s t ! social "q w divide itself into ?ree di/9ct que/ions4 ,! fir/ is ! "q ( a heal?y =m ( spiritual life )9 ! body social2 ! second1 ! consid]ation ( ! position ( lab\r-p[]1 & ! "r way to incorporate x 9 ! life ( ! community4 ,?irdly1 x w be possible to d$uce ! prop] place & function ( economic life4 ,,ii4 ,,h[ ,,actual ,,life ,,requires ,,t ,,we ,,%\ld ,,set ,,ab\t ,,solv+ ,,social ,,ne$s ,,& ,,problems ,! *>act]i/ic feature1 !n1 to :i* ! special =m ( ! social "q 9 rec5t times is directly traceable1 may be express$ z foll[s3 ,! mod]n life ( indu/rial economy1 gr\nd$ 9 te*nical sci5ce1--mod]n capitalism1--all ?is has act$ 9 a sort ( in/9ctive way1 l a =ce ( nature1 & giv5 mod]n social life its peculi> int]nal /ructure & me?od4 ,b :il/ m5's att5tion grew ?us absorb$ 9 all t te*nical indu/ry & capitalism br\ght ) !m1 x became at ! same "t div]t$ f o!r bran*es1 o!r dep>tm5ts ( social life1--dep>tm5ts ^: work+s no less require direction by consci\s human intellig5ce1 if ! body social is to be a heal?y "o4 ,i may p]haps be all[$ to />t by draw+ a comp>ison1 9 ord] ! bett] to describe :at "h1 9 any really compreh5sive /udy ( ! social "q1 reveals itself z a p[]ful1 inde$ a ma91 actuat+ impulse4 ,x mu/ h[ev] be borne 9 m9d1 t ?is comp>ison is int5d$ z a comp>ison only1 us$ to help out ! human und]/&+ & give x ! turn ( ?\ght ne$$ = pictur+ :at heal? 9 ! body social implies4 ,accept+ ?is po9t ( view1 !n1 if "o turns to ! /udy ( t mo/ complex ( all natural organisms1 ! human organism1 x is noticeable1 t1 runn+ ?r\gh ! :ole /ructure & life ( x1 !re are ?ree sy/ems1 work+ side by side1 & ea* function+ to a c]ta9 ext5t sep>ately & indep5d5tly ( ! o!rs4 ,^! ?ree neighb\r sy/ems may be di/+ui%$ z foll[s3 ,"o sy/em1 =m+ a prov9ce all to itself 9 ! natural human organism1 is t :i* comprises ! life ( ! n]ves & s5ses4 ,x may be nam$1 aft] ! pr9cipal "p ( ! organism :]e ! n]ve & s5se-life is m or less c5tr$1--! head-sy/em4 ,second comes :at ,i %\ld l to call ! rhy?mic sy/em1 :i*1 to arrive at any real und]/&+ ( man's organisation1 mu/ be recognis$ z =m+ ano!r bran* to itself4 ,?is rhy?mic sy/em comprises ! brea?+1 ! circulation ( ! blood1--all t f9ds expression 9 rhy?mic processes )9 ! human organism4 ,! ?ird sy/em1 !n1 mu/ be recognis$ z compris+ all ^? organs & functions t h to d ) actual matt]-*anges--! metabolic process4 ,^! ?ree sy/ems toge!r comprise ev]y?+ :i*1 duly co-ord9at$1 keeps ! :ole human complex 9 heal?y work+ ord]4 ,9 my book1 ,riddles ( ! ,s\l1 ,i h already attempt$ to give a brief description ( ?is ?reefold "* ( ! natural human organism 9 a way t tallies completely ) :at sci5tific rese>* has z yet to tell u on ! subject4 ,x seems to me cle>1 t biology1 physiology1 & natural sci5ce 9 g5]al z x deals ) man1 are all rapidly t5d+ to a po9t ( view :i* w %ew1 t :at keeps ! :ole complex process ( ! human organism 9 work+ ord] is j ?is comp>atively sep>ate function+ ( its ?ree sep>ate sy/ems1 ! head sy/em1 ! circulation1 or *e/ sy/em & ! metabolic sy/em1--t !re is no su* ?+ z absolute c5tralisation 9 ! human organism1 &1 moreov]1 t ea* ( ^! sy/ems has its own special & di/9ct relation to ! out] _w1 ! head sy/em ?r\gh ! s5ses1 ! rhy?mic or circulatory sy/em ?r\gh ! brea?+1 ! metabolic sy/em ?r\gh ! organs ( n\ri%m5t & organs ( movem5t4 ,:at ,i h "h indicat$ goes mu* deep] d[n to spiritual s\rces t ,i h tri$ to utilise = natural sci5ce4 ,9 natural-sci5ce circles !mselves1 x is a fact n yet s g5]ally recognis$ z might p]haps be desirable = ! advancem5t ( k2 b t m]ely means t our habits ( ?\ght1 our :ole way ( pictur+ ! _w to ourselves1 is n yet completely adapt$ to ! inn] life & be+ ( nature's work+s1 z manife/$1 = in/ance1 9 ! human organism4 ,p ( c\rse may say1 ,no matt]4 ,natural sci5ce c af=d to wait4 ,%e w come to h] ideals bit by bit1 & views su* z y\rs w ga9 recognition all 9 good "t4 ,b ! body social _c af=d to wait1 nei!r = ! "r views nor = ! "r practice4 ,"h an und]/&+ is necess>y1--if only an in/9ctive "o1--( :at ! body social ne$s1--& n m]ely an und]/&+ among/ a h&ful ( exp]ts1 b 9 e s+le human s\l2--= e human s\l takes its own %>e 9 ! g5]al work+ ( ! body social4 ,sane ?9k+ & feel+1 sane w & desires z to ! =m to be giv5 ! body social1--^! are only to be develop$1 :5 "o comes to recognise1--ev5 ?\gh only in/9ctively1--t1 9 ord] to ?rive1 ! social organism1 l ! natural "o1 requires to be ?reefold4 ,n[1 s9ce ,s*ffle wrote 8 book on ! /ructure ( ! social organism1 all sorts ( attempts h be5 made to trace out analogies betwe5 ! organic /ructure ( a natural creature1--a human be+1 say1--& ( a community ( human be+s4 ,p h tri$ to map out ! body social into cells1 network ( cells1 tissues & s =?4 ,only a little :ile ago1 !re 0 a book publi%$ by ,mray1 ,_w ,mutations1 9 :i* v>i\s natural sci5ce facts & laws 7 simply transf]r$ to :at is suppos$ to be man's social organism4 ,t sort ( analogy-game has no?+ :atev] to d ) :at is meant "h2 & anyone :o mi/akes :at is said above = j su* ano!r play ^u analogies betwe5 ! natural & ! social organism1 has pla9ly n ent]$ into ! _s ( ^! obs]vations4 ,! pres5t comp>ison is n an attempt to take "s natural sci5ce tru? & transplant x into ! social sy/em4 ,its object is q diff]5t3--namely1 to use ! human body z an object lesson = tra9+ human ?\ght & feel+ to a s5se ( :at organic life requires1 & !n to apply ?is p]ceptive s5se to ! body social4 ,if "o simply transf]s to ! body social some?+ "o ?9ks "o has f\nd out ab\t ! human body1--z is commonly done1--x m]ely %ews t "o is n will+ to acquire ! faculties ne$$ = /udy+ ! social organism 9 ! way "o has to /udy ! natural organism1--t is1 z a ?+ by itself1 ) special laws ( its own4 ,x might aga9 be ?\ght1 t ?is mann] ( depict+ ! social organism arises f ! belief t x %\ld be built up aft] "s cut-&-dri$ !ory borr[$ f natural sci5ce4 ,no?+ c\ld be fur!r f all t is "h 9 "q4 ,:at ,i am try+ to %ew is some?+ v diff]5t4 ,! pres5t crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d dem&s ! developm5t 9 e s+le human be+ ( c]ta9 faculties ( appreh5sion1 ( :i* ! fir/ rudim5ts mu/ be />t$ by ! s*ools & sy/em ( education1--l ! fir/ f\r rules ( ari?metic4 ,hi!rto1 ! body social receiv$ its old] =ms f some?+ t nev] ent]$ consci\sly into ! life ( ! human s\l2 b 9 ! future ?is =ce w cease to be active4 ,fre% evolution>y impulses are com+ 91 & f n[ on w be active 9 human life2 & x is "p ( !m1 t e individual %\ld be requir$ to h ^! faculties ( appreh5sion1 j z ea* individual has long be5 requir$ to h a c]ta9 measure ( education4 ,f n[ on1 x is necess>y t ! individual %\ld be tra9$ to h a heal?y s5se ( h[ ! =ces ( ! body social mu/ "w 9 ord] = x to live4 ,p mu/ le>n to feel1 t x w\ld be unheal?y1 anti-social1 n to possess su* s5se ( :at ! body social ne$s & to want to take "o's place 9 x4 ,"o he>s mu* talk to-day ab\t socialisation z ! ?+ t ! age ne$s4 ,b ?is socialisation w prove no true cure b a quack rem$y1 possibly ev5 a fatal "o = social life1 unless 9 m5's he>ts1 9 m5's s\ls1 !re dawns at lea/ an in/9ctive p]ception ( ! necessity = a ?reefold division ( ! body social4 ,if ! body social is to function heal?ily1 x mu/ regul>ly develope ?ree organic divisions su* z "h describ$4 ,"o ( ^! ?ree divisions is ! economic life4 ,x is ! be/ "o to beg9 ) "h1 because x has obvi\sly1 ?r\gh mod]n te*nical indu/ry & mod]n capitalism1 work$ its way into ! :ole /ructure ( human society1 to ! subord9ation ( ev]y?+ else4 ,?is economic life requires to =m an indep5d5t organic bran* by itself )9 ! body social1--relatively z indep5d5t z ! n]v\s & s5sory sy/em )9 ! human body4 ,its conc]n is ) ev]y?+ 9 ! nature ( production ( commodities1 circulation ( commodities1 consumption ( commodities4 ,next comes ! life ( public "r1--political life 9 ! prop] s5se4 ,?is mu/ be recognis$ z =m+ a second bran* ( ! body social4 ,to ?is bran* belongs :at "o might t]m ! true life ( ! ,/ate1--tak+ ,/ate 9 ! s5se 9 :i* x 0 =m]ly appli$ to a community possess+ common rights4 ,:il/ economic life is conc]n$ ) all t a man ne$s f ,nature & :at he himself produces f ,nature1--) commodities & ! circulation & consumption ( commodities1--! second bran* ( ! body social c h no o!r conc]n ?an :at is involv$ 9 purely human relations1 9 t :i* comes up f ! deep-recesses ( ! inn] life & affects man's relation t[>ds man4 ,x is ess5tial to a "r und]/&+ ( ! composition ( ! social organism1 t "o %\ld cle>ly recognise ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! sy/em ( public "r1 :i* c only deal f inn] & purely human gr\nds ) man-to-man relations1 & ! economic sy/em1 :i* is conc]n$ solely ) ! production1 circulation & consumption ( commodities4 ,p mu/ become possess$ ( an in/9ctive s5se = di/+ui%+ betwe5 ^! two 9 life1 s t 9 practice ! economic life & ! life ( "r w be kept di/9ct2--j z1 9 man's natural organism1 ! lungs' function 9 work+ up ! out] air keeps di/9ct f ! processes go+ on 9 ! n]v\s & s5sory life4 ,z ! ?ird division1 alongside ! o!r two & equally indep5d5t1 are to be und]/ood all ^? ?+s 9 ! social organism :i* are connect$ ) m5tal & spiritual life4 ,! t]m spiritual culture1 or ev]y?+ t is connect$ ) m5tal & spiritual life1 is sc>cely a t]m t accurately describes x 9 any way4 ,p]haps "o might m accurately express x z ,ev]y?+ t re/s on ! natural end[m5ts ( ea* s+le human be+--ev]y?+ t plays a "p 9 ! body social on ! gr\nd ( ! natural end[m5ts1 bo? spiritual & physical1 ( ! individual4 ,! fir/ function1--! economic "o1--has to d ) ev]y?+ t mu/ exi/ 9 ord] t man may keep /raight 9 8 mat]ial adju/m5ts to ! _w ar\nd him4 ,! second function has to d ) :atev] mu/ exi/ 9 ! body social because ( m5's p]sonal relations to "o ano!r4 ,! ?ird function has to d ) all t mu/ spr+ f ! p]sonal individuality ( ea* human be+1 & mu/ be incorporat$ z p]sonal individuality 9 ! body social4 ,! m true x is t our social life has ( rec5t ye>s tak5 its /amp f mod]n te*nical indu/ry & mod]n capitalism1 ! m necess>y x is1 t ! injury ?us unavoidably done to ! body social %\ld be heal$ by br++ man1 & man's communal life1 into "r relation to ^! ?ree sy/ems ( ! body social4 ,economic life has1 9 rec5t times1 s+ly & ( itself1 tak5 on q new =ms4 ,& because x has work$ all alone1 unbalanc$1 x has ass]t$ undue p[] & prepond]ance 9 human life4 ,! two o!r bran*es ( social life h n until n[ be5 9 a position to "w !mselves 9 ?is matt]-(-c\rse way into ! social organism & become incorporat$ ) x accord+ to _! own prop] laws4 ,"h man mu/ /ep 91 ) ! in/9ctive s5se ,i spoke (1 & set to "w to evolve ! ?reefold ord]1 ea* individual work+ on ! spot & at ! spot :]e he happ5s to be4 ,to attempt to solve ! social problem 9 ! way meant "h1 w leave n "o individual )\t 8 task1 n[ & 9 ! days t are com+4 ,to beg9 ) ! fir/ division ( ! body social1 ! economic life3--,?is is gr\nd$ prim>ily 9 conditions ( ,nature1--j z ! individual man />ts ) special qualities ( m9d & body z ! basis = :at he may be able to make ( himself by /udy1 education & ! tea*+ ( life4 ,?is nature-basis sets a unique /amp on economic life1 & ?r\gh economic life on ! :ole organism ( society4 ,x is !re1 ?is nature-basis1 & no me?ods ( social organisation1 no mann] ( socialis+ measures1 c affect x1--at lea/1 n radically4 ,"o mu/ accept ?is nature-basis z ! gr\ndwork ( life = ! body social1--j z1 9 educat+ an individual1 "o mu/ take 8 natural qualities z gr\ndwork1--h[ nature has end[$ him 9 ?is or t respect1 8 m5tal & physical p[]4 ,e exp]im5t 9 socialisation1 e attempt at giv+ man's communal life an economic =m1 mu/ take ?is nature-basis into acc\nt4 ,at ! bottom ( all circulation ( commodities1 ( all human lab\r1 & ( e =m ( spiritual life too1 !re lies some?+ primal1 elem5t>y1 basic1 :i* l9ks man to a bit ( nature4 ,! connection betwe5 a social organism & its nature-basis is a ?+ t has to be tak5 into consid]ation1--j z "o has to consid] an individual 9 reg>d to 8 p]sonal end[m5t1 :5 x is a "q ( 8 le>n+ some?+4--,?is is mo/ obvi\s 9 extreme cases4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ^? p>ts ( ! e>?1 :]e ! banana af=ds man an easily accessible =m ( food4 ,"h1 x w be a "q ( ! am\nt & k9d ( lab\r t mu/ be exp5d$ to br+ ! banana f its place ( orig9 to a conv5i5t spot & deliv] x ready = consumption2 & ?is w ent] into all consid]ations ( m5's communal life toge!r4 ,if "o comp>es ! human lab\r1 t mu/ be ex]t$ to make ! banana ready = human consumption1 ) ! lab\r t mu/ be ex]t$ 9 ,c5tral ,europe1 say1 to make :eat ready = consumption1 x is at lea/ ?ree hundr$ times less = ! banana ?an = ! :eat4 ,( c\rse t is an extreme case4 ,b simil> diff]5ces 9 proportion to ! nature-basis exi/ betwe5 ! am\nts ( lab\r t are requisite 9 ! o!r bran*es ( production repres5t$ 9 ! v>i\s social communities ( ,europe4 ,! diff]5ces are n s m>k$ z 9 ! case ( bananas & :eat1--/ill1 !y exi/4 ,accord+ly1 x is inh]5t to ! body economic1 t ! am\nt ( lab\r-p[] :i* man has to put into ! economic process is proportionate to ! nature-basis ( 8 economic activities4 ,comp>e ! :eat-yields alone3--,9 ,g]many1 9 di/ricts ( av]age f]tility1 ! returns on :eat cultivation repres5t ab\t a sev5fold to eightfold crop on ! se$ sewn2 9 ,*ile1 ! crop is twelvefold2 9 ,nor!rn ,mexico1 sev5te5fold2 9 ,p]u1 tw5ty fold4 7,see ,j5s547 ,! :ole ( ?is liv+ complex ( processes1 t beg9 ) man's relation to nature1 & cont9ue ?r\gh all t man has to d to trans=m nature's products1 d[n to ! po9t :]e !y are ready = consumption1--^! processes1 & ^! alone = a heal?y social organism1 comprise its economic sy/em4 ,9 ! social organism1 ! economic sy/em occupies some:at ! same place z is occupi$ 9 ! :ole human organism by ! head-sy/em1 :i* conditions ! individual's abilities4 ,b ?is head-sy/em is dep5d5t on ! lung-&-he>t sy/em2 & 9 ! same way ! economic sy/em is dep5d5t on ! s]vices ( human lab\r4 ,! head1 h[ev]1 _c ( itself alone regulate ! brea?+2 & nei!r %\ld ! sy/em ( human lab\r-p[] be regulat$ by ! =ces t are op]ative )9 ! economic life itself4 ,x is ?r\gh 8 int]e/s t man is engag$ 9 economic life1 & ^! h _! f\ndation 9 ! ne$s ( 8 s\l & _s4--,9 :at way c a social organism mo/ exp$i5tly incorporate m5's int]e/s1 s t on ! "o h& ! individual may f9d 9 ?is social organism ! be/ possible means ( satisfy+ 8 p]sonal int]e/1 :il/ be+ economically employ$ to ! be/ advantage8--,?is is ! "q t has to be practically solv$ 9 ! in/itutions ( ! body economic4 ,x c only be solv$1 if ^! individual int]e/s are giv5 really free scope1 & if at ! same "t !re exi/s ! w & possibility to d :at is necess>y to _! satisfaction4 ,^! int]e/s arise 9 a region outside ! conf9es ( ! economic life4 ,!y gr[ up z man's own be+ unfolds its s\l & physical nature4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( economic life to make arrangem5ts = _! satisfaction4 ,! only arrangem5t h[ev] t ! economic life c make1 are su* z are limit$ to ! deliv]y & ex*ange ( commodities1--t is ( goods :i* acquire _! value f m5's wants4 ,! value ( a commodity comes f ! p]son consum+ x4 ,& ow+ to ! fact1 t its value comes f ! consum]1 a commodity occupies q a diff]5t position )9 ! social organism f o!r ?+s t h a value = man z "p ( t organism4 ,/udy ! :ole circle ( economic life1 putt+ aside all preconceptions1--! production1 circulation & consumption ( commodities go+ on )9 x4 ,"o obs]ves at once ! diff]5ce 9 "* betwe5 ! relation t arises :5 "o man makes commodities = ano!r1 & t human relation t has its f\ndation 9 mutual "r4 ,"o w n h[ev] /op %ort at m]ely obs]v+ ! diff]5ce2 "o w foll[ x up practically1 & insi/ t economic life & ! life ( "r %\ld be kept completely sep>ate )9 ! body social4 ,in/itutions devot$ to ! production & ex*ange ( commodities require m5 to develope =ms ( activity t are n imm$iately productive ( ! v be/ impulses = _! mutual relations 9 "r4 ,)9 ! economic sph]e man turns to 8 fell[ because x suits _! reciprocal int]e/s4 ,radically diff]5t is ! l9k betwe5 man & man 9 ! sph]e ( "r4 ,x may be ?\ght p]haps1 t ! di/9ction :i* life requires betwe5 ! two ?+s is adequately recognis$1 if ! in/itutions e/abli%$ = ! purposes ( economic life also make provision = ! rights t are involv$ 9 ! mutual relations ( ! p engag$ 9 x4 ,b su* a notion has no root 9 reality4 ,! relation 9 "r1 t necess>ily exi/s betwe5 a man & 8 fell[s1 is "o t c only be rightly felt & liv$ outside ! economic sph]e1 on totally diff]5t soil1 n inside x4 ,9 ! heal?y social organism1 !re=e1 !re mu/ be ano!r sy/em ( life1 alongside ! economic life & indep5d5t ( x1 :]e human rights c gr[ up & f9d suitable adm9i/ration4 ,b ! rights life is1 /rictly1 ! political sph]e1--! true sph]e ( ! ,/ate4 ,if ! int]e/s t m5 h to s]ve 9 _! economic life are c>ri$ ov] into ! legislation & adm9i/ration ( ! rights ,/ate1 !n ^! rights z !y gr[ up w m]ely be an expression ( economic int]e/s2 :il/1 if ! rights ,/ate takes on ! managem5t ( economic affairs1 x is no long] fitt$ to rule m5's life ( rights2 s9ce all its measures & in/itutions w be =c$ to s]ve man's ne$ = commodities1 & !reby div]t$ f ^? impulses :i* make = ! life ( rights4 ,a heal?y social organism1 !re=e1 requires1 z a second bran* alongside ! body economic1 ! indep5d5t political life ( ! ,/ate4 ,9 ! sep>ate body economic1 ! =ces ( economic life itself w guide m5 to su* in/itutions z be/ s]ve ! production & int]*ange ( commodities4 ,9 ! body politic1 ! ,/ate1 in/itutions w arise1 :]e deal+s betwe5 individuals & gr\ps w be settl$ on l9es t satisfy m5's s5se ( "r4 ,?is dem& = complete sep>ation ( ! rights-,/ate f ! economic sph]e proce$s f a /&po9t ( reality4 ,reality is n ! /&po9t ( ^? :o seek to comb9e ! life ( rights & economics 9 "o4 ,! p engag$ 9 economic life ( c\rse possess ! s5se ( "r1 b !y w only be able to legislate & adm9i/rate 9 ! way "r requires1--i4e41 f ! s5se ( "r alone )\t any admixture ( economic int]e/s1--:5 !y come to consid] que/ions ( "r indep5d5tly1 9 a rights ,/ate t takes1 qu ,/ate1 no "p 9 economic life4 ,a rights ,/ate1 su* z ?is1 has its own legislative & adm9i/rative bodies1 bo? con/ruct$ accord+ to ^? pr9ciples t ensue f ! mod]n s5se ( "r4 ,x w be built up on ^? impulses 9 human consci\sness1 :i* g to-day by ! "n ( democratic4 ,! legislative & adm9i/rative bodies 9 ! economic doma9 w arise out ( ! =ces ( economic life4 ,su* transactions z are necess>y betwe5 ! executive heads ( ! legislative & adm9i/rative bodies ( rights & economics respectively1 w be c>ri$ on pretty mu* z betwe5 ! gov]nm5ts ( sov]eign /ates to-day4 ,?is co-ord9ation ( ! two sy/ems w make x possible = developm5ts 9 ! "o body to ex]t ! ne$ful influ5ce on ! o!r4 ,?is influ5ce ( ! two sph]es on "o ano!r is prev5t$1 :5 "o ( !m tries to develope )9 itself ! elem5t t %\ld come to x f ! o!r4 ,! economic life1 !n1 is dep5d5t on ! "o h& on ^? relations 9 "r1 :i* ! ,/ate e/abli%es betwe5 ! p]sons & gr\ps ( p]sons engag$ 9 economic "w1 j z1 on ! o!r h&1 x is subject to ! conditions ( ! nature-basis 7climate1 local features1 pres5ce ( m9]al weal?1 etc474 ,! b\nds are ?us m>k$ out on ei!r side = ! prop] & possible activities ( economic life4 ,j z nature creates pr$et]m9+ conditions1 :i* lie outside ! economic sph]e1 & mu/ be accept$ by ! man at "w 9 x z ! giv5 premises on :i* all 8 economic "w mu/ be bas$1--s ev]y?+ 9 ! economic sph]e t e/abli%es a relation 9 "r betwe5 man & man1 mu/1 9 a heal?y social organism1 be regulat$ by ! rights-,/ate1 :i*1 l ! nature-basis1 goes on alongside & indep5d5tly ( ! economic life4 ,9 ! pres5t social organism1--z develop$ 9 ! c\rse ( mank9d's hi/oric evolution up till n[1--economic life occupies an unduly l>ge place1 & sets ! peculi> /amp t x has acquir$ f ! ma*9e-age & mod]n capitalism ^u ! :ole social movem5t4 ,x has come to include m ?an x %\ld include 9 any heal?y society4 ,9 ! pres5t day1 traffick+ to & fro )9 ! economic circuit1 :]e only commodities %\ld traffic1 we f9d human lab\r-p[]1 & human rights besides4 ,at ! pres5t day1 )9 ! body economic1 "o c truck n only commodities = commodities1 b commodities = human lab\r1--& = human rights z well1 & all by ! v same economic process4 7,by commodity ,i mean ev]y?+ :i* ?r\gh human activity has acquir$ ! =m 9 :i* x is f9ally br\ght by man to its place ( de/9ation = consumption4 ,economi/s may p]haps f9d ?is def9ition objectionable or inadequate2 b x may be s]viceable t[>ds an und]/&+ ( :at prop]ly belongs to economic life4 #c7 ,:5 anyone acquires a plot ( l& by pur*ase1 "o mu/ reg>d x z an ex*ange ( ! l& = commodities = :i* ! pur*ase money /&s proxy4 ,! plot ( l& h[ev] does n act z a commodity 9 economic life4 ,x holds its position 9 ! body social ?r\gh ! "r ! own] has to use x4 ,!re is an ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ?is "r ( use1 & ! relation ( a produc] to ! commodity he produces4 ,f ! v nature ( ! produc]'s relation to 8 product1 x _c possibly ent] into ! totally diff]5t k9d ( man-to-man relation creat$ by ! fact t someone has be5 grant$ ! sole "r to use a c]ta9 piece ( l&4 ,o!r m5 are oblig$ to live on ?is l&1 or ! own] sets !m to "w on x = _! liv+2 & ?us he br+s !m into a ,/ate ( dep5d5ce ^u himself4 ,! fact ( mutually ex*ang+ g5u9e commodities1 :i* "o produces or consumes1 does n e/abli% a dep5d5ce t affects ! man-to-man relation 9 ! same k9d ( way4 ,to an unprejudic$ m9d x is cle>1 t a fact ( actual life1 su* z ?is1 mu/1 9 a heal?y society1 f9d due expression 9 its social in/itutions4 ,s long z !re is simply an int]*ange ( commodities = commodities 9 economic life1 ! value ( ^! commodities is det]m9$ indep5d5tly ( ! relations-(-"r exi/+ betwe5 individuals or gr\ps4 ,directly commodities are int]*ang$ = rights1 ! rights relation is itself affect$4 ,x is n a "q ( ! ex*ange 9 itself2 su* an ex*ange is ! inevitable life-elem5t ( ! mod]n social organism1 re/+ z x does on division ( lab\r4 ,! po9t is1 t ?r\gh ?is int]*ange ( rights & commodities1 "r itself is turn$ into a commodity1 :5 ! s\rce ( "r lies )9 ! economic life4 ,! only way ( prev5t+ ?is1 is by hav+ two sets ( in/itutions 9 ! body social1--"o1 ^: sole & only object x is to conduct commodities 9 ! mo/ exp$i5t mann] along its circuit1 ! o!r regulat+ ^? human rights involv$ 9 commodity-ex*ange :i* arise betwe5 ! individuals engag$ 9 produc+1 trad+ & consum+4 ,su* rights are n di/9ct 9 _! nature f any o!r rights t necess>ily exi/ 9 all relations betwe5 p]sons1 q indep5d5t ( commodity-ex*ange4 ,if ,i injure or b5efit my fell[-man by ! sale ( a commodity1 x falls )9 ! same social category z an injury or b5efit due to "s action or neglig5ce n directly express$ 9 an ex*ange ( commodities4 ,9 ! organisation ( economic life1 t famili>ity ) bus9ess1 :i* comes f practical exp]i5ce & speciali/ tra9+1 w give ! po9t ( view ne$$ by ! p]son at ! head ( affairs4 ,9 ! rights organisation1 ! laws & adm9i/ration w give effect to ! g5]al s5se ( "r 9 ! deal+s ( p]sons & gr\ps ) "o ano!r4 ,! economic organisation w assi/ ! =mation ( ,associations among/ p :o f _! call+1 or z consum]s1 h ! same int]e/s or simil> requirem5ts4 ,& ?is network ( ,associations1 work+ toge!r1 w build up ! :ole fabric ( indu/rial economy1 ,! economic organisation w gr[ up on an associative basis1 & out ( ! l9ks betwe5 ! ,associations4 ,! "w ( ! ,associations w be purely economic 9 "*1 & be c>ri$ on on a basis ( rights provid$ by ! rights-organisation4 ,^! ,associations1 be+ able to make _! economic int]e/s recognis$ 9 ! repres5tative & adm9i/rative bodies ( ! economic organisation1 w n feel any ne$ to =ce !mselves into ! legislative or executive gov]nm5t ( ! rights-,/ate 7z1 = in/ance1 a ,l&[n]s' ,league1 or ,manufactur]s' ,p>ty1 or a ,sociali/ p>ty repres5t+ an indu/rial programme71 9 ord] to effect !re :at !y h no p[] to a*ieve )9 ! limits ( ! economic life4 ,if ! rights-,/ate aga9 takes no "p :atev] 9 any bran* ( indu/rial economy1 !n ! in/itutions x e/abli%es w be su* only z spr+ f ! s5se ( "r among/ its memb]s4 ,al?\gh ! p]sons :o sit on ! repres5tative body ( ! rights-,/ate may1 & ( c\rse w1 be ! same z are tak+ an active "p 9 economic life1 yet1 ow+ to ! division ( function1 economic life w n be able to ex]t su* an influ5ce on ! rights life1 t ! heal? ( ! :ole body social is und]m9$1--z x c be1 :5 ! /ate itself organises bran*es ( economic life1 ) repres5tatives ( ! economic _w z /ate-legislators1 mak+ laws to suit economic int]e/s4 ,a typical example ( ! fusion ( ! economic life ) ! rights-life 0 af=d$ by ,au/ria4 ,accord+ to ! con/itution adopt$ by ,au/ria 9 ! eighte5-sixties1 ! repres5tatives ( ! imp]ial assembly1 ! ,rei*srat1 ( t comp\nd t]ritory1 7 elect$ f ! communities repres5t+ ! f\r bran*es ( economic life3--! l&$ proprietors1--! *amb]s ( comm]ce1--! t[ns1 m>kets & indu/rial c5tres1--& ! rural areas4 ,obvi\sly1 9 ?is composition ( ! repres5tative ,/ate-assembly1 ! fir/ & only idea 01 t ( play+ (f ! economic int]e/s aga9/ "o ano!r1 9 ! belief t a sy/em ( political rights mu/ be ! outcome4 ,no d\bt ! disruptive =ces ( h] div]s nationalities contribut$ l>gely to ,au/ria's d[nfall4 ,b x may be tak5 z no less c]ta91 t if an opportunity _h be5 giv5 = develop+ a sy/em ( rights1 work+ alongside & outside ( ! economic "o1 x w\ld1 f ! common s5se ( "r1 h evolv$ a =m ( society 9 :i* ! diff]5t nationalities c\ld h liv$ toge!r 9 unity4 ,a p]son engag$ 9 public life to-day usually turns 8 att5tion to ?+s 9 x t are only ( second>y consid]ation4 ,?is is because 8 habits ( ?\ght lead him to reg>d ! body social z uni=m 9 /ructure4 ,z a uni=m /ructure1 !re is no =m ( suffrage he c devise t w fit x2 = ! economic int]e/ & ! impulses ( human rights w come into mutual conflict ^u ! repres5tative body1 h[ev] x may be elect$2 & ! conflict betwe5 !m w affect social life 9 a way t mu/ result 9 sev]e %ocks to ! :ole organism ( society4 ,! fir/ & indisp5sable object to be work$ = 9 public life to-day mu/ be ! radical sep>ation ( economic life f ! rights organisation4 ,& z ! sep>ation becomes gradually e/abli%$1 & p gr[ into x1 ! two organisations w ea* 9 ! process discov] its own mo/ appropriate me?od ( select+ its legislators & adm9i/rature4 ,among/ all t at ! pres5t mom5t is clam\r+ = settlem5t1 =ms ( suffrage1 al?\gh !y be> on fundam5tal issues1 are nev]!less ( second>y consid]ation4 ,:]e ! old conditions /ill exi/1 ^! c be tak5 z ! basis f :i* to "w t[>ds ! new sep>ation ( function4 ,:]e ! old ord] has already melt$ away1 or is 9 process ( dissolution1 !re individuals & little gr\ps ( p mu/ f9d ! initiative to />t recon/ruct+ along ! new l9es ( gr[?4 ,to try 9 #bd h\rs to effect a trans=mation 9 public life1 is recognis$ by ?\ghtful sociali/s !mselves z midsumm] madness4 ,!y look to gradual opportune *anges to br+ ab\t :at !y reg>d z social welf>e4 ,! light ( facts1 h[ev]1--mu/ make x pla9 to any imp>tial obs]v]1 t a reason+ w & purpose are ne$$ to make a new social ord]1 & are imp]atively dem&$ by ! =ces at "w 9 mank9d's hi/oric evolution4 ,^! rem>ks w be reg>d$ z unpractical by someone :o reg>ds no?+ z practicable outside ! n>r[ horizon ( 8 cu/om>y life4 ,unless he c see ?+s diff]5tly1 any influ5ce he may reta9 9 any sph]e ( life w n t5d to heal ! disease 9 ! body social1 b only to make x worse4 ,x 0 p ( 8 way ( ?9k+ :o help$ to br+ ab\t ! pres5t /ate ( affairs4 ,!re mu/ be a rev]sal ( ! movem5t :i* has set 9 9 lead+ circles1 & :i* has already br\ght v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( economic life 7e4g41 ! po/al & railway s]vices1 etc471 )9 ! work+s ( ! ,/ate4 ,its opposite mu/ beg93 a movem5t t[>ds ! elim9ation ( all economic activity f ! doma9 ( politics & ,/ate organisation4 ,?9k]s1 ^: :ole w & purpose1 z !y believe1 is direct$ to ! welf>e ( society1 take ?is movem5t t[>ds ,/ate control1 />t$ by ! hi!rto gov]n+ circles1 & pu% x to its logical extreme4 ,!y propose to socialise all ! mat]ials ( economic life1 9 s f> z !y are means ( production4 ,a heal?y c\rse ( developm5t1 h[ev]1 w give economic life its indep5d5ce1 & w give ! political ,/ate a sy/em ( "r ?r\gh :i* x c br+ its influ5ce to be> on ! body economic1--s t ! individual %all n feel t 8 function )9 ! body social gives ! lie to 8 s5se ( "r4 ,:5 "o consid]s ! "w t a man does = ! body social by means ( 8 physical lab\r-p[]1 x is pla9 t ! above reflections are gr\nd$ 9 ! actual life ( m54 ,! position :i* lab\r has come to occupy 9 ! social ord] "u ! capitali/ic =m ( economy1 is su*1 t is pur*as$ by ! employ] f ! employ$ z a commodity4 ,an ex*ange is effect$ betwe5 money 7z repres5t+ commodities7 & lab\r4 ,b 9 reality no su* ex*ange c take place2 x only appe>s to d s4 #d ,:at really happ5s is1 t ! employ] receives 9 return f ! work] commodities t _c exi/1 unless ! work] devotes 8 lab\r-p[] to creat+ !m4 ,! work] receives "o "p1 ! employ] ! o!r "p ( ! commodity s creat$4 ,! production ( ! commodity is ! result ( a co-op]ation betwe5 employ] & employ$4 ,! product ( _! jo9t action is t :i* fir/ passes into ! circuit ( economic life4 ,= ! product to come into exi/5ce1 !re mu/ be a relation 9 "r betwe5 work] & ent]pris]2 b ! capitali/ type ( economy is able to conv]t ?is rights relation into "o det]m9$ by ! employ]'s sup]iority 9 economic p[] ov] ! employ$4 ,9 a heal?y social ord]1 x w be obvi\s t lab\r _c be paid =1 t "o _c set an economic value ^u x comp>able to ! value ( a commodity4 ,! commodity produc$ by ?is lab\r fir/ acquires an economic value by comp>ison ) o!r commodities4 ,! k9d ( "w a man mu/ d = ! ma9t5ance ( ! body social1 h[ he does x1 & ! am\nt1 mu/ be settl$ accord+ to 8 abilities & ! conditions ( a dec5t human exi/5ce4 ,& ?is is only possible :5 su* que/ions are settl$ by ! political /ate1 q indep5d5tly ( ! provisions & regulations made 9 ! economic life4 ,?is settlem5t ( lab\r conditions outside economics1 pre-e/abli%es a basis ( value = commodities comp>able to ! basis already e/abli%$ by ! conditions ( nature4 ,! value ( "o commodity1 z measur$ by ano!r1 is increas$ by ! fact t its raw mat]ial is m difficult to procure2 &1 simil>ly1 ! value ( a commodity mu/ be made dep5d5t on ! k9d & am\nt ( lab\r :i* ! rights sy/em all[s to be exp5d$ on its production4 #e ,?us economic life has its conditions fix$ on two sides4 ,on "o1 !re is ! nature-basis1 :i* man mu/ take z he f9ds x2 on ! o!r1 w be ! rights-basis :i* has to be creat$ on ! free & indep5d5t gr\nd ( ! political ,/ate1--deta*$ f economic life1 & out ( ! common s5se ( "r4 ,x is obvi\s1 t 9 a social organism conduct$ 9 ?is way ! /&>d ( economic well-be+ w rise & fall ) ! am\nt ( lab\r :i* ! common s5se ( "r exp5ds ^u x4 ,?is h[ev] mu/ be s 9 a heal?y society4 ,only ! subord9ation ( ! g5]al economic prosp]ity to ! common s5se ( "r c prev5t man f be+ s us$ up & consum$ by economic life t 8 exi/5ce no long] seems to him wor?y ( 8 humanity4 ,& x is ?is s5se ( an exi/5ce unwor?y ( human be+s t is1 9 reality1 at ! bottom ( ! convulsions 9 ! body social4 ,%\ld ! g5]al /&>d ( economic well-be+ be too greatly l[]$ on ! rights side1 !re is a way ( prev5t+ ?is1 j z !re is a way ( improv+ ! nature-basis4 ,"o c employ te*nical means to make a less productive soil m productive2 &1 if prosp]ity decl9es ov] mu*1 ! mode & am\nt ( "w c be *ang$4 ,only1 su* *anges %\ld n be a direct consequ5ce ( processes 9 ! economic life2 !y mu/ be ! outcome ( insight1 arriv$ at on ! free gr\nd ( rights1 indep5d5t ( economic life4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r elem5t aga91 :i* ent]s into ev]y?+ t is contribut$ t[>ds ! organisation ( social life1 :e!r by ! economic life or by ! rights-consci\sness4 ,?is elem5t comes f a ?ird s\rce3 ! p]sonal abilities ( ! individual4 ,?is ?ird doma9 includes ev]y?+ f ! l(tie/ a*ievem5ts ( ! human m9d to t elem5t 9 all ! works ( m5 :i* comes f _! bodily ability to r5d] great] or less s]vice to ! body social4 ,a heal?y social organism mu/ necess>ily receive & assimilate :atev] comes f ?is s\rce 9 q a diff]5t mann] f :at comes to x f ! life ( ! ,/ate or t f9ds expression 9 ! int]*ange ( commodities4 ,to absorb ?is elem5t heal?ily into social life c only be done 9 "o way1 & t is1 by leav+ x entirely to m5's free receptivity & to ! impulses :i* p]sonal ability itself br+s ) x4 ,:at is p]=m$ at ! prompt+s ( p]sonal ability1 loses to a great ext5t ! v gr\ndwork ( its exi/5ce1 :5 subject$ to artificial influ5ces f ! ,/ate organisation or f ! economic sy/em4 ,= ! only true gr\ndwork ( su* p]=mances lies 9 t inh]5t =ce t f9ds its evolution ?r\gh human p]=mance itself4 ,if aga9 ! way 9 :i* su* individual p]=mances are tak5 up into ! body social directly dep5ds on ! economic life1--or if ! ,/ate organises x1--!re is !n a *eck ^u t free spontane\s receptivity1 :i* is ! only s\nd & :olesome *annel = _! reception4 ,= ! spiritual life ( ! body social1 !re is b "o possible l9e ( heal?y evolution2--& x mu/ n be =gott51 by :at innum]able f9e ?reads ?is spiritual life is connect$ ) ! evolution ( all o!r individual pot5tialities 9 human life4 ,:at x does1 mu/ be ! outcome ( its own impulses2 & ^? :o receive its s]vices mu/ be closely b\nd up ) x 9 sympa?y & und]/&+4 ,su*1 z "h sket*$1 are ! requisite conditions = a s\nd evolution ( ! spiritual life ( ! body social4 ,:at prev5ts !m f be+ cle>ly p]ceiv$1 is t p's eyes are blurr$ ?r\gh con/antly see+ ! spiritual life 9 great "p fus$ & conf\nd$ ) ! political ,/ate sy/em4 ,! fusion has be5 tak+ place ?r\gh sev]al hundr$s ( ye>s1 & !y h gr[n accu/om$ to x4 ,!y talk1 x is true1 ab\t fre$om ( k & fre$om ( education2 b1 all ! same1 !y consid] x a matt] ( c\rse t ! political ,/ate %\ld h control ( ?is free k & free education4 ,!y d n see nor feel1 h[ 9 ?is way ! /ate is br++ all spiritual life into dep5d5ce on /ate requirem5ts4 ,! notion is1 t ! ,/ate provides ! educational po/s1 & t ! spiritual life !n unfolds freely "u ! h&s ( ! p :o fill ^! ,/ate po/s4 ,?r\gh long ?9k+ 9 ?is way1 p come to =get :at an intimate connection !re is betwe5 ! inmo/ nature ( man & ! sub/ance ( ! spiritual life gr[+ up )9 him1 & h[ impossible x is = ! gr[? ( ?is spiritual sub/ance to be really free1 if x owes its place 9 ! body social to any o!r impulses ?an ^? alone :i* proce$ f ! spiritual life itself4 ,sci5ce1 ) all t "p ( spiritual life :i* x affects1 has receiv$ its :ole ca/ f ! fact ( its managem5t =m+ "p ( ! ,/ate sy/em 9 rec5t c5turies4 ,& n only s1 b ?is fusion ) ! ,/ate has set its /amp on ! sub/ance ( sci5ce z well4 ,( c\rse1 ! results ( ma!matics or physics _c be directly influ5c$ by ! ,/ate4 ,b consid] hi/ory & o!r subjects ( g5]al culture3--,h n !y come to reflect ! connection ( _! pr(essional repres5tatives ) ! ,/ate sy/em8--to be an ob$i5t mirror ( ,/ate requirem5ts8 ,! peculi> /amp ?us acquir$ by our pres5t-day m5tal conceptions1 9 :i* ! sci5tific turn ( ?\ght pr$om9ates ov] e o!r1 is j :at makes !m a m]e ideology z !y affect ! work+-class4 ,! work]s h obs]v$1 h[ m5's ?\ghts acquire a c]ta9 "*1 aris+ out ( ! requirem5ts ( /ate life1--a ,/ate life t suits ! int]e/s ( ! rul+ classes4 ,x 0 a reflection ( mat]ial int]e/s1 & ( ! w> ( int]e/s1 t ! work] saw :5 he look$ into 8 ?\ghts4 ,?us !re arose 9 him a s5se t all spiritual life :atev] 0 ideology1 a mirror$ image ( ! economic ord] ( affairs4 ,su* a view ( ?+s works havoc ) m5's spiritual life4 ,b its blight+ effects w cease1 once x becomes possible = !m to feel t 9 ! spiritual doma9 !re reigns a reality t transc5ds mat]ial outw>d life & be>s its own sub/ance )9 itself4 ,no su* s5se ( a spiritual reality c1 h[ev]1 possibly arise1 unless ! spiritual life is free )9 ! body social to exp& & gov]n itself accord+ to ! impulses inh]5t 9 x4 ,only ^?1 :o h _! "p 9 a spiritual life ?us freely exp&+ & freely gov]n$1 c repres5t x ) t /r5g? & vig\r :i* %all ensure x its due place )9 ! body social4 ,su* an indep5d5t position )9 human society is indisp5sable = art1 sci5ce & a philosophy ( life1 ) all t goes ) ^!4 ,! fre$om ( "o _c prosp] )\t ! fre$om ( all4 ,al?\gh 9 _! sub/ance ma!matics & physics may n be influ5c$ directly by ,/ate requirem5ts1 yet h[ !y are appli$1 ! e/imate p =m ( _! value1 ! effect _! pursuit has ^u ! re/ ( spiritual life1 all ^! & _m o!r po9ts are det]m9$ by ,/ate requirem5ts1 :5ev] "s ( ! bran*es ( spiritual life are "u ,/ate control4 ,x is "o ?+1 :5 ! tea*] ( ! l[e/ grade 9 ! s*ool foll[s ! l9e along :i* ! ,/ate impells him2 x is ano!r1 :5 he takes 8 l9e f a spiritual life t re/s on its own indep5d5t foot+4 ,"h aga91 social democracy has done no m ?an take ov] a habit ( ?\ght & conv5tions inh]it$ f ! rul+ classes4 ,social democracy sets be=e itself z an ideal ! incorporation ( spiritual life 9 a social /ructure bas$ on a sy/em ( indu/rial economy4 ,b1 7 its aim atta9$1 x w\ld be only a fur!r /ep along ! same road t has l$ to ! pres5t depreciation ( spiritual life4 ,x 0 a "r feel+1 b a "o-sid$ "o t f\nd expression 9 ! sociali/ maxim3 ,religion is a man's private affair2 =1 9 a heal?y society1 all spiritual life mu/ 9 ?is s5se be a private affair1 s f> z conc]ns ! ,/ate & economic life4 ,only1 social democracy does n relegate religion to ! sph]e ( private affairs ) any idea ( ?us e/abli%+ its /atus z spiritual weal?1 & giv+ x a position )9 ! social ord] :]e x may atta9 to a high] & m wor?y developm5t ?an "u ! ,/ate's influ5ce4 ,no2 x's idea 9 s do+ is1 t ! res\rces ( ! body social %\ld only be us$ to cultivate :at x ne$s = its own exi/5ce1 & t ! religi\s k9d ( spiritual weal? does n come "u ?is head4 ,?is is n ! way 9 :i* "o bran* ( spiritual life c prosp]1 s+l$ out z an exemption f public life1 :il/ all ! re/ rema9 9 bondage4 ,! religi\s life ( mank9d 9 ?is new age w g h& 9 h& ) emancipat$ spiritual life 9 e =m1 & gr[ to a =ce able to be> up ! s\ls ( ! m5 ( ! new age4 ,x is a matt] = ! s\l's own free dem&1 h[ ! spiritual life is receiv$ into m51 no less ?an h[ x comes =? f !m4 ,tea*]s1 arti/s & o!rs w f9d1 t !y h an altoge!r diff]5t influ5ce1 & are able to awak5 an und]/&+ among/ ! public = :at !y are creat+1 :5 !y !mselves h a place 9 ! social ord] :i* has no direct connection ) any legislature or gov]nm5t1 b only ) su* z arise f impulses t lie 9 ! c\rse ( ! spiritual life itself2 :5 too !y are appeal+ to p1 :o are n simply "u compulsion to lab\r1 b = :om an autonom\s & indep5d5t political ,/ate also ensures ! "r to leisure1--leisure :i* awak5s ! m9d to an appreciation ( spiritual values4 ,"h "o w v likely be told by someone1 t 8 own practical exp]i5ce1--( :i* he has a great op9ion1--conv9ces him1 t if ?is notion 7 c>ri$ out1--if ! ,/ate made def9ite provision = leisure h\rs1 & if s*ool att5dance 7 left to p's own s5se1 x w\ld simply mean t p w\ld sp5d all _! leisure 9 ! public h\se & relapse into a /ate ( brute ignorance4 ,well1 let su* pessimi/s wait & see :at w happ5 :5 ! _w is no long] "u _! influ5ce4 ,_! l9e ( action is all too (t5 prescrib$ by a subtle feel+1 a secret voice1 t :isp]s 9 _! e>1 h[ !y !mselves l to sp5d _! leisure h\rs1 & ! /eps t 7 necess>y to ensure !mselves hav+ a dec5t education4 ,( ! free spiritual life1 ( its p[] to fire & k9dle1 :5 left to itself )9 ! body social1--( ?is su* p]sons naturally take no acc\nt4 ,!y "k ! spiritual life 9 bondage only1 & s x has no p[] to k9dle any sp>k )9 !mselves4 ,bo? ! political ,/ate & ! economic sy/em w obta9 f ! body spiritual1 :5 "u its own self-adm9i/ration1 t /eady infl[ f ! spiritual life1 ( :i* !y are 9 ne$4 ,practical tra9+ too = economic life w = ! fir/ "t fully develope its full possibilities1 :5 ! economic sy/em & ! body spiritual c co-op]ate 9 fre$om4 ,p w come ) a suitable tra9+ into ! economic field & w put life into all !y meet ) !re1 ?r\gh ! /r5g? t comes f spiritual end[m5t set free f re/ra9t4 ,& p1 :o h won _! exp]i5ce 9 ! economic field1 w f9d _! way into ! spiritual organisation1 & help to f]tilise :at !re ne$s f]tilis+4 ,! effect )9 ! political ,/ate ( spiritual abilities be+ left free1 w be ! gr[? ( sane & s\nd views1 su* z are ne$$ 9 ?is field4 ,! man :o works ) 8 h&s w be able to feel cont5t$ ) ! place 8 own lab\r fills 9 ! body social4 ,he w come to realise t ! body social _c float him1 unless 8 h&-"w has ! guidance requisite = its organisation4 ,he w acquire a s5se ( ! solid>ity ( 8 own lab\r ) ^? organis+ =ces :i* he c trace to ! developm5t ( p]sonal tal5t4 ,! political ,/ate w af=d him a gr\nd on :i* he c e/abli% ! rights t secure to him 8 %>e 9 ! proce$s ( ! commodities he produces2 & he w freely allot to ! spiritual prop]ty1 f :i* he b5efits1 a portion suffici5t to keep x productive4 ,!re w be a possibility = produc]s 9 ! spiritual field1 too1 to live on ! proce$s ( _! "w4 ,:at anyone *ooses to d 9 ! matt] ( spiritual "w1 w be nobody's affair b 8 own2 b = any s]vice he may r5d] to ! body social he w be able to c\nt on will+ recomp5se f p to :om spiritual goods are a necessity4 ,anyone1 :o is n satisfi$ ) ! recomp5se he receives "u ! spiritual organisation1 mu/ h rec\rse to "o ( ! o!r fields1 ei!r to ! political /ate1 or to economic life4 ,into ! economic life pass ^? te*nical ideas :i* orig9ate 9 ! spiritual life4 ,_! orig9 is 9 ! spiritual life1 ev5 al?\gh !y proce$ directly f p]sons belong+ to ! ,/ate or to ! economic _w4 ,9 ! spiritual life orig9ate all ^? ideas & organis+ capacities t enri* ! life ( ! ,/ate & ( indu/rial economy4 ,= ev]y?+ ?us suppli$ to bo? ^! fields ( social life f ! spiritual s\rce1 ! recomp5se w ei!r1 z 9 ! o!r cases1 be rais$ ?r\gh volunt>y recognition on ! "p ( ^? :o directly draw f ?is s\rce1 or else x w be regulat$ by ! rights t gradually become built up 9 ! political sph]e4 ,:at ! political ,/ate itself ne$s = its own ma9t5ance1 w be rais$ by a sy/em ( taxation1 :i* w be ! outcome ( a h>moni\s co-ord9ation ( ! claims ( economic life1 on ! "o h&1 & ^? ( ! rights-consci\sness on ! o!r4 ,alongside ! political sph]e & ! economic sph]e 9 a heal?y society1 !re mu/ be ! spiritual sph]e1 function+ indep5d5tly on its own foot+4 ,! :ole tr5d ( ! evolution>y =ce ( mod]n mank9d is 9 ! direction ( ?is ?reefold+ ( ! social organism4 ,s long z ! life ( ! community c\ld be guid$ 9 all ess5tials by ! in/9ctive =ces at "w 9 ! mass ( mank9d1 s long !re 0 no urg5t t5d5cy t[>ds ?is def9ite sep>ation into ?ree functions4 ,at bottom1 !re 7 always ^! ?ree di/9ct s\rces2 b 9 a yet dim & dully consci\s social life !y work$ toge!r z "o4 ,our mod]n age dem&s consci\s co-op]ation on ! "p ( man1 & t he %\ld take 8 place op5-ey$ 9 ! work+s ( ! body social4 ,?is new social consci\sness mu/1 h[ev]1 be direct$ f ?ree aspects1 if x is to %ape m5's life & conduct heal?ily4 ,x is ?is ?reefold l9e ( evolution t[>ds :i* mod]n humanity is /riv+ 9 ! s\l's unconsci\s dep?s2 & :at f9ds outlet 9 ! social movem5t is b ! /ormy light ca/ up f ! fires bel[4 ,at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 "u diff]5t circum/ances f ^? 9 :i* we are liv+ to-day1 !re w5t up a cry f ! hidd5 dep?s ( human nature = a re-=mation ( human social relations4 ,?r\gh all ! s*eme ( ! new ord] ran l a motto ! ?ree words1 ,frat]nity1 ,equality1 ,lib]ty4 ,( c\rse1 no "o ) an unprejudic$ m9d & normal human feel+ = ! realities ( human evolution c fail to sympa?ise ) all t ^! ?ree words imply4 ,b /ill1 9 ! c\rse ( ! n9ete5? c5tury !re 7 ke5 ?9k]s :o 7 at pa9s to po9t out ! impossibility ( realis+ ! ?ree ideas ( bro!rhood1 equality & fre$om 9 any homog5e\s & uni=m ord] ( society4 ,x seem$ to !m cle>1 t ^! ?ree impulses mu/ contradict "o ano!r 9 social life1 if c>ri$ actually into practice4 ,x 01 = in/ance1 v clev]ly demon/rat$1 t if ! impulse t[>ds equality 7 realis$ !re w\ld be no possible room = t fre$om :i* is s inh]5t 9 e human be+4 ,& :il/ "o _c b agree ) ^? :o see ! contradiction betwe5 !m1 yet at ! same "t1 "o's human sympa?ies mu/ g out to all & ea* ( ^! ?ree ideals 9 itself6 ,^! ?ree ideals appe> contradictory1 until "o p]ceives ! necessity = e/abli%+ a ?reefold ord] ( society2 & !n _! real mean+ = social life fir/ becomes app>5t4 ,! ?ree divisions mu/ n be artificially dovetail$ toge!r & c5tralis$ "u "s !oretical s*eme ( unity1 p>liam5t>y or o!r4 ,!y mu/ be "o liv+ reality4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree bran*es ( ! body social mu/ c5tre 9 itself2 & ! unity ( ! :ole w fir/ come ab\t ?r\gh ! work+s ( ! ?ree1 side by side & 9 comb9ation4 ,= 9 actual life x is ! app>5t contradictories t make up a unity4 ,accord+ly1 "o w come to compreh5d :at ! life ( ! body social is1 :5 "o fully p]ceives ! "p play$ by ^! ?ree pr9ciples ( bro!rhood1 equality & fre$om 9 a real1 workable =m ( society4 ,x w !n be recognis$1 t m5's co-op]ation 9 economic life mu/ re/ on t bro!rhood t spr+s out ( ! ,associations4 ,! second sy/em is t ( common rights1 :]e "o is deal+ ) purely human relations betwe5 "o p]son & ano!r2 & "h "o mu/ /rive to realise ! idea ( equality4 ,:il/ 9 ! spiritual field1 :i* /&s comp>atively alone )9 ! body social1 x is ! idea ( fre$om t ne$s to be realis$4 ,se5 9 ?is way1 ^! ?ree ideals reveal _! value = real exi/5ce4 ,?y _c f9d _! realisation 9 a *aotic /ream ( social life1 b only 9 ! ?reefold work+ ( a heal?y social organism4 ,no social /ate1 con/ruct$ on an ab/ract c5tralis$ s*eme1 c c>ry fre$om1 equality & bro!rhood pall mall into practice4 ,b ea* ( ! ?ree bran*es ( ! body social c d]ive its /r5g? f "o ( ^! ideal impulses2 & !n all ?ree bran*es w "w fruitfully 9 conjunction4 ,^? p :o1 at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 fir/ dem&$ ! recognition ( ^! ?ree ideas1 ,fre$om1 ,equality1 ,bro!rhood1 & ^? :o took up ! cry aga9 lat] on1--!y _h already a dim s5se ( :i!r ! =ces ( human evolution 7 t5d+ 9 mod]n times4 ,b !y _h n got beyond belief 9 ! onefold ,/ate4 ,& 9 ! onefold ,/ate ^! ideas involve a contradiction4 ,!y p9n$ _! fai? to ! contradiction1 because1 deep-d[n 9 ! sub-consci\s dep?s ( _! s\ls1 !re 0 ?is /riv+ t[>ds ! ?reefold ord] ( society1 9 :i* _! tr9ity ( ideas c actually a*ieve a high] unity4 ,to lay hold on ^? evolution>y =ces1 :i* ?r\gh ! gr[? ( mank9d all ?r\gh ^! latt] times1 are work+ t[>ds ! ?reefold ord]1--to make ( !m a consci\s social w & purpose1--?is is :at is dem&$ ( u at ! pres5t day 9 unmi/akeable language by ! h>d facts ( ! social situation4 ,,iii4 ,,capitalism ,,& ,,social ,,ideas 7,,capital ,,& ,,human ,,lab\r7 ,to =m an op9ion z to :at ! c\rse ( action is 9 ! social field1 :i* ! facts ( ! day are s l\dly dem&+1 is only possible1 if "o is will+ to be guid$ 9 "o's op9ion by an insight :i* goes bel[ ! surface1 to ! fundam5tal =ces ( ! social organism4 ,! foll[+ introductory rem>ks are ! outcome ( an ef=t to arrive at su* an insight4 ,no?+ pr(itable c be done 9 ! pres5t day ) social measures bas$ on op9ions t are drawn f a re/rict$ sph]e ( obs]vation4 ,! facts t h gr[n out ( ! social movem5t reveal di/urbances at ! f\ndations ( ! social ord]1 n m]ely surface ones4 ,& to cope ) ^! facts "o ne$s an insight t also goes to ! root ( ?+s4 ,capital & ,capitalism1 z talk$ ( to-day1 indicates some?+ 9 :i* ! work+-class portion ( mank9d look = ! cause ( _! grievances4 ,b to come to any pr(itable conclusion z to ! "p play$ by capital )9 ! social processes1 :e!r = good or ill1 "o mu/ fir/ be p]fectly cle> z to ! way 9 :i* capital is produc$ & consum$1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( m5's individual abilities1 ( ! rights sy/em1 & ( ! =ces ( economic life4 ,human lab\r "o talks (1 z ! ?+ t1 toge!r ) capital & ! nature-basis ( indu/ry1 goes to ! creation ( economic values1 & ?r\gh :i* ! work] becomes consci\s ( 8 social position4 ,to arrive h[ev] at any conclusion1 z to ! prop] way ( work+ human lab\r into ! :ole social organism )\t injur+ ! work]'s s5se ( self-respect z a human be+1 "o ne$s to keep cle>ly 9 sight ! relation t human lab\r be>s1 on ! "o h& to individual ability & its developm5t1 & on ! o!r to ! common s5se ( "r1 ! rights-consci\sness4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t p are v ju/ly ask+3 ,:at is ! mo/ imm$iate /ep to be tak5 9 ord] to satisfy ! claims t ! social movem5t has br\ght to ! front8 ,b !re is no tak+ ev5 ! mo/ imm$iate /ep to good purpose1 )\t fir/ kn[+ h[ :at "o is try+ to d is relat$ to ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( a heal?y social ord]4 ,& once "o kn[s ?is1 !n1 9 :atev] place "o may f9d oneself1 or :atev] place "o may select to "w 91 "o w discov] ! p>ticul> task t requires do+ "u ! circum/ances4 ,! ob/acle to acquir+ ! k9d ( insight impli$ "h1 lies 9 t elem5t ( human w-p[]1 :i* dur+ ! sl[ c\rse ( ye>s has cry/allis$ into social in/itutions4 ,m5 h s gr[n into ^! in/itutions1 t ! in/itutions !mselves =m ! /&po9t f :i* !y view !m & consid]1 :at to *ange & :at to leave4 ,_! ?\ghts foll[ ! lead ( ! facts1 in/ead ( ma/]+ !m4 ,to-day1 x is necess>y to see1 t "o _c =m any judgm5t adequate to ! facts1 )\t go+ back to ^? primal creative ?\ghts :i* und]lie all social in/itutions4 ,! body social requires a con/ant fre% supply ( ! =ces t reside 9 ^! primal ?\ghts2 & if ! suitable *annels are n !re1 ?r\gh :i* ^! =ces c fl[1 !n social in/itutions assume =ms :i* imp$e life1 in/ead ( fur!r+ x4 ,b al?\gh ! consci\s ?\ghts ( m5 may g a/ray1 al?\gh !y may1--& h1--creat$ facts t imp$e life1 yet ^! primal ?\ghts live on 9 m5's in/9ctive impulses4 ,tumultu\sly & de/ructively !y break aga9/ ! _w ( e/abli%$ facts t hem !m 92 & ^! primal ?\ghts x is1 :i* op5 or disguis$1 f9d _! way out 9 convulsions t ?reat5 to ov]?r[ ! social ord]4 ,su* revolution>y convulsions w n cease to occur1 until ! body social takes a =m1 9 :i* !re may be always bo? an incl9ation to notice :5 any in/itution is beg9n+ to deviate f its fir/ int5tion 9 ^? primal ?\ghts1 & at ! same "t ! possibility ( c\nt]-act+ e su* deviation be=e x becomes /rong en\gh to be a dang]4 ,9 our times1 ! actual conditions1 ?r\gh\t a wide range ( human life1 h come to deviate v widely f :at ! primal ?\ghts require4 ,& ^! primal ?\ghts1 z !y live on 9 ! impulses ( ! human s\l1 are a comm5t>y1--a comm5t>y t voices itself l\dly en\gh 9 facts1--( :at has be5 tak+ %ape 9 ! body social dur+ ! la/ few c5turies4 ,:at is want$1 is good w & vigor\s resolution to turn aga9 to ^! primal ?\ghts4 ,we mu/ n be bl9d to ! mis*ief t is done1 especially at ?is mom5t1 by dismiss+ ^! primal ?\ghts f ! field ( actual life z unpractical g5]alities4 ,! facts ( life itself1 & ! claims ( ! work+-class masses1 af=d a practical comm5t>y on :at ! mod]n age has made ( ! body social4 ,! task ( our age1 9 face ( ^! facts1 is n m]ely to criticise1 b to set ab\t rem$y+ !m2 :i* means go+ to ! primal ?\ghts = ! direction 9 :i* we mu/ n[ consci\sly guide !m4 ,= ! "t is gone by1 :5 ! old in/9ctive guidance c\ld suffice = mank9d2 :at x c\ld accompli% up till n[1 is n[ no long] en\gh4 ,"o ( ! ma9 que/ions rais$ by ! practical criticisms ( ! times is ?is3--,h[ is a /op to be put to ! oppression :i* work+-class humanity suff]s "u private capitalism4 ,! own]1 or controll]1 ( capital is 9 a position to press o!r m5's bodily lab\r into ! s]vice ( any "w he takes on h&8 ,9 ! social relation t arises 9 ! co-op]ation ( capital & human lab\r-p[]1 !re are ?ree elem5ts to be di/+ui%$3 ! ent]pris+ activity1 :i* mu/ re/ on ! basis ( individual ability 9 "s "o p]son or gr\p ( p]sons2--! relation ( ! ent]pris] to ! work]1 :i* mu/ be a relation 9 "r2--& ! production ( an object :i* acquires a commodity value 9 ! circuit ( economic life4 ,= ! ent]pris+ activity to f9d its scope 9 a heal?y way 9 ! social ord]1 !re mu/ be =ces at "w 9 social life :i* af=d m5's individual abilities ! be/ possible mode ( manife/+ !mselves2 & !re=e !re mu/ be "o prov9ce ( ! body social :i* secures a p]son ( ability free occasion = ! employm5t ( 8 abilities1 & makes x possible to leave ! e/imation ( _! value to o!r p's free & volunt>y und]/&+4 ,x is obvi\s1 t ! social activities1 :i* a man is enabl$ to ex]cise by means ( capital1 fall )9 t doma9 ( ! body social :i* takes its laws & adm9i/ration f ! spiritual life4 ,if ! political ,/ate int]f]es to influ5ce ^! p]sonal activities1 !n x is unavoidable t its influ5ce %\ld involve a disreg>d ( individual abilities4 ,= ! political ,/ate is necess>ily bas$ on :at is simil> & equal 9 all m5's claims 9 life2 & x is its bus9ess to translate ?is equality into practice4 ,)9 its own doma91 ! ,/ate mu/ ensure e man hav+ a fair *ance to make 8 p]sonal op9ion tell4 ,= ! "w ! ,/ate has to d1 ! "q ( und]/&+ or n und]/&+ individualities does n come 92 & !re=e :atev] ! ,/ate does t[>ds realis+ its own pr9ciples ought n to h any influ5ce ^u ! ex]cise ( m5's individual abilities4 ,nor %\ld x be possible = ! prospect ( economic advantage to det]m9e ! ex]cise ( individual ability :]e capital is ne$$4 ,_m p]sons 9 weigh+ ! pros & cons ( capitalism lay great /ress ^u ?is economic advantage4 ,9 _! op9ion1 x is only ?r\gh ! inc5tive :i* ?is gives to individual ability t individual ability c be induc$ to ex]t itself2 & !y ref]1 z practical m5 to ! imp]fections ( human nature1 ) :i* !y claim to be well acqua9t$4 ,no d\bt1 9 t social ord]1 "u :i* ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s matur$1 ! prospect ( economic advantage has come to play a v important "p1 & is 9 no small measure ! v cause ( t /ate ( ?+s1 ( :i* we are n[ feel+ ! effects1 & :i* calls = ! developm5t ( "s o!r1 diff]5t inc5tive to ! ex]cise ( individual ability4 ,?is inc5tive mu/ lie 9 ! social s5se1 t w spr+ f a heal?y spiritual life4 ,/rong 9 ! fre$om ( ! spiritual life1 a man's education & s*ool+ w s5d him =? equipp$ ) impulses1 t w lead him1 ?anks to ?is social s5se1 to realise ! b5t ( 8 p]sonal abilities4 ,!re is n necess>ily any?+ high-fl[n or vision>y ab\t su* a belief4 ,no d\bt high-fl[n illusions h wr\ght immeasureable h>m 9 social endeav\r1 z 9 o!r fields4 ,b all t has be5 said be=e is en\gh to %ew1 t ! view "h urg$ is n bas$ on any fanciful notion t ! _s w "w wond]s1 provid$ ! spiritually-m9d$ only talk en\gh ab\t x4 ,x is ! outcome ( obs]vation1 ( wat*+ h[ p actually "w1 :5 !y "w toge!r freely 9 ! spiritual field4 ,?is "w 9 common1 takes1 ( its own nature1 a social "*1 provid$ x c develope 9 real fre$om4 ,x is only ! lack ( fre$om 9 spiritual life1 :i* has kept its social "* 9 abeyance4 ,! fa%ion 9 :i* ! =ces ( social life h f\nd expression among/ ! lead+ classes1 has re/rict$ _! use & value to limit$ circles ( mank9d1 9 a way :i* is anti-social4 ,:at 0 produc$ 9 ^! circles c\ld only be br\ght artificially )9 rea* ( work+-class mank9d4 ,?is section ( mank9d c\ld draw no /r5g? = ! support ( _! s\ls f ?is spiritual life2 = !y _h no real "p nor prop]ty 9 x4 ,s*emes = popul> in/ruction1 = ! uplift+ ( ! masses1 ,art = ! ,p1 & s =?1--all su* ?+s are n really ! means ( spread+ spiritual prop]ty among/ ! p1 :il/ spiritual prop]ty keeps ! "* x has acquir$ 9 rec5t times4 ,= ! p1 z reg>ds _! inmo/ life & be+1 are n 9 x4 ,all t x is possible to give !m1 is z x 7 a bird's-eye view ( ^! spiritual treasures f a po9t outside4 ,& if ?is is true ( spiritual life 9 its n>r[] s5se1 x has also its mean+ = ^? (f%oots ( spiritual activity1 :i* f9d _! way into economic life on ! basis ( capital4 ,9 a s\nd ord] ( society1 ! work] w n /& at 8 ma*9e1 & come into contact ) no?+ b its me*anism2 :il/ ! capitali/ alone kn[s :at is ! de/9y ( ! manufactur$ commodities 9 ! r\nd ( economic life4 ,! workman mu/ %>e fully 9 ! :ole conc]n1 & be able to =m a di/9ct conception ( ! "p t he himself is play+ 9 social life ?r\gh 8 "w 9 mak+ ! commodity4 ,! ent]pris] mu/ hold regul> conf]5ces1 ) ! object ( arriv+ at a common field ( ideas t %all include bo? employ]s & employ$4 ,su* conf]5ces mu/ be reg>d$ z be+ z mu* a "p ( ! bus9ess z ! actual "w4 ,?is is a heal?y way ( conduct+ bus9ess1 & "o t w ar\se 9 ! work]s a s5se1 t by ! control ( capital1 if he uses x prop]ly1 a p]son b5efits ! :ole community1--includ+ ! work]1 z a memb] ( x4 ,! above-bo>d deal+1 necess>y to a will+ und]/&+ on ! "p ( o!rs1 w make ! ent]pris] c>eful to keep 8 bus9ess me?ods above suspicion4 ,all ?is w n seem negligible to anyone ) a s5se = ! social effects ( t inn] community ( feel+ & exp]i5ce1 :i* arises f ! prosecution ( a common task4 ,^? :o possess ?is s5se1 w cle>ly p]ceive1 h[ greatly x is to ! b5efit ( economic activity t ! direction ( economic affairs1 bas$ on capital1 %\ld come f ! spiritual life1 & h its roots 9 ! spiritual doma94 ,?is prelim9>y condition mu/ be fulfill$1 be=e p's pres5t int]e/ 9 capital & 9 increas+ x simply = ! sake ( pr(its1 c give place to an int]e/ 9 ! actual bus9ess ( production & ! do+ ( ! job on h&4 ,p]sons ( a sociali/ turn ( m9d at ! pres5t day aim at br++ ! means ( production "u ! control ( ! community4 ,:at is "r & desirable 9 _! aims c only be a*iev$ if ?is control is ex]cis$ ?r\gh ! free spiritual doma94 ,su* control ?r\gh ! free spiritual doma9 w d away ) all possibility ( t economic co]cion1 :i* br+s ) x su* a s5se ( degradation1 & :i* ! capitali/ ex]ts :5 8 capitali/ activities are born & br$ ( ! =ces ( economic life2 & x w also prev5t t crippl+ ( m5's individual abilities1 :i* inevitably results :5 ^! abilities are direct$ by ! political ,/ate4 ,e>n+s on ev]y?+ done ?r\gh capital & individual ability mu/ dep5d 9 a heal?y social ord]1 l all o!r spiritual "w1 on ! free initiative ( ! do] & on ! free appreciation ( ^? :o wi% ! "w done4 ,! e/imate ( :at ^! e>n+s %\ld be1 mu/1 9 ?is field1 be 9 accordance ) a man's own free view--on :at he is will+ to reg>d z a suitable return on 8 "w1 tak+ into consid]ation ! prelim9>y tra9+ he requires = x1 ! incid5tal exp5ses to :i* he is put1 etc41 etc4 ,:e!r he f9ds 8 claims gratifi$ or n1 w dep5d on ! appreciation 8 s]vices meet )4 ,social arrangem5ts on ! l9es "h propos$ w lay ! basis = a really free contractual relation betwe5 ! "w-director & ! "w-do]1--a relation re/+ n on b>t] ( commodities 7or money7 = lab\r-p[]1 b on an agreem5t z to ! %>e due to ea* ( ! two jo9t au?ors ( ! commodity4 ,! sort ( s]vice1 t is r5d]$ to ! body social on ! basis ( capital1 dep5ds ( its v ess5ce on ! "p play$ 9 x by m5's individual abilities4 ,no?+ b ! free spiritual life c give m5's abilities ! impulse !y ne$ = _! developm5t4 ,ev5 9 a society1 :]e ! developm5t ( individual ability is ti$ up ) ! adm9i/ration ( ! political ,/ate1 or to ! =ces ( economic life1 ev5 !re1 real productivity1 9 ev]y?+ requir+ ! exp5diture ( capital dep5ds on z mu* ( free individual p[] z c f9d its way ?r\gh ! %ackles impos$ ^u x4 ,only1 "u su* conditions1 ! developm5t is an unheal?y "o4 ,x is n ! free developm5t ( individual ability1 ex]cis$ on a basis ( capital1 t has br\ght ab\t conditions "u :i* human lab\r-p[] c be no?+ b a commodity2 x is ! %ackl+ ( ^! p[]s ?r\gh ! political life ( ! ,/ate or 9 ! circuit ( economic processes4 ,an unprejudic$ recognition ( ?is fact is at ! pres5t day a necess>y fir/ /ep to ev]y?+ t has to be done 9 ! field ( social organisation4 ,= ! sup]/ition has gr[n up 9 mod]n times1 t ! measures ne$$ = ! welf>e ( society mu/ come f ei!r ! political ,/ate or ! economic sy/em4 ,& if we pursue any fur!r ! road along :i* ?is sup]/ition has />t$ u1 we %all set up all mann] ( in/itutions1 t1 f> f lead+ man to ! goal t[>ds :i* he is /riv+1 w increas+ly aggravate ! oppressive conditions f :i* he is seek+ to escape4 ,at ! "t :5 p fir/ began to ?9k ab\t ! "q ( capitalism1 ?is same capitalism _h already set up a disease 9 ! body social4 ,! disease is :at p feel & are aw>e (4 ,!y see t x is some?+ :i* has to be c\nt]act$4 ,b "o mu/ see fur!r ?an t2 "o mu/ recognise1 t ! orig9 ( ! disease lies 9 ! fact1 t ! creative =ces1 at "w 9 capital1 h be5 absorb$ into ! circuit ( economic life4 ,if "o is to "w 9 ! direction already urg5tly dem&$ by ! evolution>y =ces ( mank9d1 "o mu/ n suff] oneself to be delud$ by ! type ( ?\ght1 :i* reg>ds z an unpractical piece ( idealism ! dem&1 t ! spiritual life %\ld be set free1 & giv5 control ( ! employm5t ( capital4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t1 c]ta9ly1 p seem b little dispos$ to connect ! spiritual life 9 any way directly ) t social idea1 :i* is to put capital on s\nd l9es4 ,!y try to connect onto some?+ t falls )9 ! circuit ( economic life4 ,!y see1 t ! manufacture ( commodities 9 rec5t times has l$ to :olesale deal+1 & ?is aga9 to ! pres5t =m ( capitalism4 ,& n[ !y propose to replace ?is =m ( indu/rial economy by a syndical sy/em1 "u :i* ! produc]s w be work+ = _! own wants4 ,b s9ce ( c\rse indu/ry mu/ reta9 all ! mod]n means ( production1 ! v>i\s indu/rial conc]ns are to be unit$ toge!r into "o big syndicate4 ,"h1 !y ?9k1 ev]yone w be produc+ to ! ord]s ( ! community1 & ! community _c be an exploit]1 because x w\ld simply be exploit+ itself4 ,& = ! sake1 or f ! necessity1 ( l9k+ onto some?+ t already exi/s1 !y turn _! eyes on ! mod]n ,/ate1 ) a view to conv]t+ ?is into a compreh5sive syndicate4 ,"o ?+ h[ev] !y leave out ( _! reckon+1 namely1 t ! bigg] ! syndicate ! less possibility !re is ( its be+ able to d :at !y expect ( x4 ,unless individual ability f9ds its place 9 ! syndical organism 9 ! mann] & =m already describ$1 x is impossible t communal control ( lab\r %\ld result 9 a heal?y commonweal?4 ,! reason :y p are s ill-dispos$ to-day to =m an unbiass$ op9ion z to ! position spiritual life occupies 9 ! social ord]1 is t !y are accu/om$ to ?9k ( :at is spiritual z be+ at ! opposite end f all t is mat]ial & practical4 ,n a few w f9d some?+ r absurd 9 ! view "h put =w>d1 t ! employm5t ( capital 9 economic life mu/ be reg>d$ z ! way 9 :i* "o side ( ! spiritual life manife/s itself4 ,x is conceivable1 t 9 *>act]is+ :at is "h said z absurd1 memb]s ( ! late rul+ classes may ev5 f9d !mselves 9 agreem5t ) sociali/ ?9k]s4 ,if "o w\ld see all t ?is suppos$ absurdity means = ! heal? ( ! body social1 "o mu/ exam9e c]ta9 curr5ts ( ?\ght 9 ! pres5t day1--curr5ts ( ?\ght1 :i* spr+ f impulses 9 ! s\l1 t are q hone/ aft] _! fa%ion1 b :i* nev]!less1 :]ev] !y f9d entrance1 *eck ! developm5t ( any really social way ( ?9k+4 ,^! curr5ts ( ?\ght t5d m or less unconsci\sly away f all t gives due en]gy & driv+ p[] to ! inw>d life4 ,!y make = a conception ( life1--an inn] life ( ?\ght1 ( s\l1 direct$ to ! pursuit ( k1--:i* %all be z x 7 an isl& 9 ! common sea ( human exi/5ce4 ,?us !y are n 9 a position to build ! bridge betwe5 ?is inn] life & t o!r :i* b9ds m5 to ! ev]yday _w4 ,x is n uncommon to-day1 to f9d p]sons :o ?9k x r di/+ui%$ to sit al(t 9 ca/les ( cl\dl&1 m$itat+ 9 some:at p$antic ab/ractness ov] all mann] ( e?ico-religi\s problems4 ,"o f9ds !m m$itat+ on virtue & h[ a man may be/ acquire x2 h[ he %\ld dwell 9 lov+-k9dness t[>ds 8 neighb\rs1 & h[ he may be s bless$ z to f9d a mean+ 9 life4 ,&1 all ! "t1 "o recognises ! impossibility ( bridg+ ! gulf betwe5 :at ^! folks call good1 & sweet1 & k9dly1 & "r1 & prop]1 & all t is go+ on 9 ! out] _w among/ m5's ev]yday surr\nd+s1 9 ! manipulation ( capital1 ! paym5t ( lab\r1 ! consumption1 production & circulation ( commodities1 ! sy/em ( cr$it bank+1 & ! /ock-ex*ange4 ,"o c see two ma9 /reams runn+ side by side ev5 9 m5's v habits ( ?\ght1 "o ( :i* rema9s up al(t z x 7 9 div9e spiritual altitudes1 & has no desire to build a bridge f spiritual impulses to life's ord9>y affairs4 ,! o!r /ream runs on1 void ( ?\ght1 9 ! ev]yday _w4 ,b life is a s+le :ole4 ,x _c ?rive unless ! =ces t dwell 9 all e?ical & religi\s life br+ driv+ p[] to ! mo/ commonplace1 ev]yday ?+s ( life1 into ! sort ( life t "s p]sons may ?9k r b5ea? !m4 ,=1 if p neglect to build ! bridge betwe5 ! two regions ( life1 !n n only _! religi\s & moral life1 b _! social ?9k+ too1 deg5]ates into m]e wordy s5tim5t1 f> remov$ f commonplace1 true realities4 ,& !n ^! commonplaces h _! rev5ge z x 74 ,= !re is !n /ill a sort ( spiritual impulse 9 man1 urg+ him 9 pursuit ( e imag9able ideal & e conceivable ?+ t he calls good2 :il/ on ! o!r side !re are ^? diff]5t in/9cts1 :i* are 9 opposition to ^! ideals1--! in/9cts t und]lie ! ord9>y daily ne$s ( life & require an economic sy/em = _! satisfaction1 & to :i* he devotes himself m9us 8 _s4 ,he kn[s no practicable pa? f 8 conception ( spirituality to ! bus9ess ( ev]yday life4 ,& s ev]yday life acquires a =m1 :i* is n ev5 suppos$ to h any connection ) ^? e?ical impulses t rema9 alo( 9 ! m di/+ui%$ altitudes1 all s\l & _s4 ,& !n1 ! daily commonplaces are av5g$2 = ! e?ical religi\s life turns to a liv+ lie 9 m5's he>ts1 because1 all unp]ceiv$ x is be+ dissev]$ f commonplace practice & f all direct contact ) life4 ,h[ _m p !re are to-day1 :o1 f a c]ta9 e?ical or religi\s di/9ction ( m9d1 h all ! w to live on a "r foot+ ) _! fell[-m51 :o desire to act by o!rs only 9 ! be/ conceivable way1 & yet fall %ort ( ! k9d ( feel+ t w\ld enable !m to d s1 because !y _c lay hold ^u any social conception t f9ds its outlet 9 practical habits ( life6 ,x is p su* z ^!1 :o1 at ?is epo*-mak+ mom5t 9 ! _w's hi/ory :5 social que/ions h become s urg5t1 are block+ ! road to a true practice ( life4 ,!y reckon !mselves v practical p]sons1 & all ! "t are vision>y ob/ructioni/s4 ,"o c he> !m mak+ spee*es l ?is3 ,:at is really ne$$1 is = p to rise above all ?is mat]ialism1 ?is ext]nal mat]ial life :i* drove u into ! disa/] ( ! great w> & into all ?is mis]y4 ,!y mu/ turn to a spiritual conception ( life4 ,& to illu/rate man's pa? to spirituality1 !y are =ev] h>p+ ^u great m5 ( byegone days1 :o 7 v5]at$ = _! conv]sion to a spiritual way ( ?9k+4 ,"o f9ds1 h[ev]1 t directly "o tries to br+ ! talk r\nd to ! v ?+ t ! _s has to d = real practical life1 & :at is s urg5tly requir$ ( ! _s to-day3 ! creation ( daily bread1 "o is at once rem9d$1 t ! fir/ ?+1 aft] all1 is to br+ p aga9 to ackn[l$ge ! _s4 ,at ?is mom5t h[ev]1 ! urg5t ?+ is1 to employ ! p[]s ( ! spiritual life to discov] ! "r pr9ciples ( social heal?4 ,& = ?is x is n en\gh t m5 %\ld make a hobby ( ! _s1 z a bye-pa? 9 life4 ,ev]yday exi/5ce ne$s to be br\ght into l9e ) ! _s4 ,x 0 ?is ta/e = turn+ spiritual life into bye-pa?s1 t l$ ! late rul+ classes to f9d _! pleasure 9 social conditions t end$ 9 ! pres5t /ate ( affairs4 ,9 ! social life ( ! pres5t day1 ! control ( capital = ! production ( commodities is v closely b\nd up ) ! own]%ip ( ! means ( production1 among/ :i* capital is ( c\rse includ$4 ,& yet ^! two relations betwe5 man & capital are q diff]5t z reg>ds ! way !y op]ate )9 ! social sy/em4 ,! control ( capital by individual ability is1 :5 suitably appli$1 a means ( enri*+ ! body social ) weal? :i* x is to ev]yone's int]e/ %\ld exi/4 ,:atev] a p]son's position 9 life1 x is to 8 int]e/ t no?+ %\ld be wa/$ ( ^? individual abilities :i* fl[ f ! f\nta9-head ( human nature1 & ?r\gh :i* ?+s are creat$ t are ( use to ! life ( man4 ,^! abilities1 h[ev]1 nev] become develop$1 unless ! human be+s end[$ ) !m h free initiative 9 _! ex]cise4 ,any *eck to ! free fl[ f ^! s\rces means a c]ta9 measure ( loss to ! welf>e ( mank9d4 ,n[ capital is ! means ( mak+ ^! abilities available = ext5d$ fields ( social life4 ,x mu/ be to ! true int]e/s ( ev]ybody 9 a community to h ! collective prop]ty 9 capital s adm9i/]$1 t individuals specially gift$ 9 "o direction1 or gr\ps ( p ) special qualifications1 %\ld be able to acquire ! use ( capital1 & %\ld use x 9 ! way _! own p>ticul> initiative prompts !m4 ,ev]ybody1 be he bra9work] or lab\r]1 if he consults 8 own int]e/s )\t prejudice1 mu/ say3 ,i %\ld n only wi% an adequate numb] ( p]sons1 or gr\ps ( p]sons1 to h absolutely free use ( capital1 b ,i %\ld also l !m to h access to capital on _! own initiative2 = !y !mselves are ! be/ judges ( h[ _! p>ticul> abilities c make capital a means ( produc+ :at is useful to ! body social4 ,x does n fall )9 ! scope ( ?is "w to describe h[1 9 ! c\rse ( mank9d's evolution1 z individual human abilities came to play a "p 9 ! social ord]1 private prop]ty also grew up out ( o!r =ms ( own]%ip4 ,own]%ip has1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! division ( lab\r1 gone on develop+ 9 ?is =m )9 ! body social d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,& x is ) pres5t conditions t we are "h conc]n$1 & ) :at ! next /age 9 _! evolution mu/ be4 ,b 9 :atev] way private prop]ty arose1--by ! ex]cise ( p[]1 conque/1 etc41--x is an outcome ( ! social creativ5ess :i* is associat$ ) individual human ability4 ,& yet sociali/s to-day1 ) _! ?\ghts b5t ^u social recon/ruction1 hold ! !ory1 t ! only way to obviate :at is oppressive 9 private own]%ip1 is to turn x into communal own]%ip4 ,!y put ! "q ?us3 ,h[ c private prop]ty 9 ! means ( production be prev5t$ f aris+1 s t its oppressive effect ^u ! unprop]ti$ masses may cease8 ,9 putt+ ! "q 9 ?is way1 !y ov]look ! fact1 t ! social organism is some?+ t is con/antly *ang+1 gr[+4 ,"o _c ask ab\t a gr[+ organism4 ,:at is ! be/ =m ( arrangem5t to pres]ve x 9 ! /ate :i* "o reg>ds z ! suitable "o = x4 ,"o c ?9k 9 t way ab\t some?+ :i* />ts at a c]ta9 po9t & !n goes on 9 ! same way ev] aft]w>ds )\t any ess5tial *ange4 ,b t w n d = ! body social4 ,its life is a cont9ual *ang+ ( ea* ?+ z x arises4 ,to fix on "s =m z ! v be/1 & expect x to rema9 9 t =m1 is to und]m9e ! v conditions ( its life4 ,"o ( ! conditions ( life = ! body social is1 t :oev] c s]ve ! community ?r\gh 8 individual abilities %\ld n be depriv$ ( ! p[] to d s freely ( 8 own initiative4 ,:]e su* s]vice involves free use ( ! means ( production1 to hamp] free initiative w\ld be to injure ! g5]al social int]e/s4 ,i am n propos+ "h to urge ! argum5t commonly us$ 9 ?is connection1 namely1 t ! prospect ( ! ga9s associat$ ) ! own]%ip ( means ( production is ne$$ 9 ord] to /imulate ! ent]pris] to ex]tion4 ,! :ole =m ( ?\ght repres5t$ 9 ?is book1 ) its conception ( a progressive evolution 9 social conditions1 mu/ lead to ! expectation1 t ?is k9d ( inc5tive to social activity may be elim9at$1 ?r\gh ! emancipation ( ! spiritual life f its association ) ! political & economic sy/em4 ,once x is free1 ! spiritual life w ( itself inevitably evolve a social s5se2 & ?is social s5se w provide inc5tives ( a v diff]5t k9d f ! hope ( economic advantage4 ,b x is n s mu* a "q ( ! k9d ( impulse :i* makes m5 l private own]%ip ( ! means ( production1 z ( :e!r ! necess>y conditions ( life = ! body social are be/ fulfill$ :5 ! use ( ! means ( production is free1 or :5 x is direct$ by ! community4 ,& "h1 "o mu/ always cle>ly rememb]1 t "o _c draw conclusions = ! social organism ( ! pres5t day f ! conditions ( life suppos$ to be f\nd 9 primitive communities1 b f su* only z correspond to man's pres5t /age ( developm5t4 ,at ! pres5t /age1 x is n possible = individual ability to f9d fruitful ex]cise ?r\gh capital 9 ! r\nd ( economic life1 unless its use ( capital is free4 ,= fruitful results 9 any field ( production !re mu/ be opportunity = ! free use ( capital2 n because x gives an advantage to "s individual or gr\p2 b because1 opportunely direct$ by a social s5se1 x is ! be/ way ( s]v+ ! community4 ,:e!r he is produc+ alone or 9 company1 ! mat]ial a man is work+ on is 9 a mann] b\nd up ) himself1 mu* l ! skill ( 8 own arms or legs4 ,to int]f]e ) 8 free use ( ! means ( production1 is l crippl+ ! free ex]cise ( 8 bodily skill4 ,private own]%ip1 h[ev]1 is simply ! m$ium = ?is free use ( ! means ( production4 ,z reg>ds own]%ip1 all t matt]s to ! body social1 is t ! own] %\ld h ! "r to use x ( 8 own free initiative4 ,cle>ly1 two ?+s are jo9$ toge!r 9 social life1 t are ( q di/9ct implications = ! body social--"o1 ! free use ( ! capital basis ( social production2 ! o!r1 ! relation 9 "r :i* arises betwe5 ! us] ( capital & o!r p1 f ! fact t 8 "r ( use precludes ^! o!r p f free activity on ?is same capital basis4 ,x is n ! free use ( itself 9 ! beg9n+1 :i* does ! mis*ief 9 society1 b ! cont9uance ( ! "r ( use aft] ! circum/ances h come to an end :i* l9k$ t use opportunely to individual abilities4 ,anyone :o looks ^u ! social organism z a *ang+1 gr[+ ?+1 _c fail to see :at is meant4 ,he w look ab\t = "s possible mode ( arrang+ :at is helpful to life 9 "o way1 s t x may n h bad effects 9 ano!r4 ,= a live ?+1 !re is no possible mode ( arrangem5t1 t c lead to fruition1 9 :i* ! f9i%$ process 9 its gr[? w n 9 turn become detrim5tal4 ,& if "o is oneself to collaborate at a gr[+ organism1--z man necess>ily mu/ 9 ! body social1--"o's bus9ess _c lie 9 *eck+ necess>y developm5ts1 = ! sake ( obviat+ detrim5tal consequ5ces4 ,t w\ld be to sap e possibility ( life = ! body social4 ,x is solely a "q ( int]v5+ at ! "r mom5t1 :5 :at 0 helpful & opportune is beg9n+ to turn detrim5tal4 ,free use ( ! capital-basis ?r\gh individual ability3--?is mu/ be an e/abli%$ possibility4 ,! own]%ip "r involv$ 9 x mu/ be %iftable1 directly ?is "r beg9s to turn to a means ( unrightfully acquir+ p[]4 ,!re is "o in/itution1 introduc$ 9 our times1 :i* p>tially meets ?is social requirem5t1 ?\gh only = :at "o may call spiritual prop]ty4 ,spiritual prop]ty :5 its au?or is dead1 passes aft] a :ile into ! own]%ip ( ! community = free use4 ,"h we h an und]ly+ conception1 t is 9 accordance ) ! actual nature ( life 9 a human society4 ,closely z ! production ( a purely spiritual possession is b\nd up ) ! private end[m5t ( ! individual1 yet ?is possession is1 at ! same "t1 a result ( ! common social life1 & mu/ pass at ! "r mom5t into ! common life4 ,b x is j ! same ) o!r prop]ty4 ,by aid ( 8 prop]ty ! individual p]son produces = ! s]vice ( ! community2 b ?is is only possible 9 co-op]ation ) ! community4 ,& accord+ly ! "r to ! use ( a piece ( prop]ty _c be ex]cis$ ap>t f ! int]e/s ( ! community4 ,! problem is n1 h[ to aboli% own]%ip ( ! capital-basis8 b1 h[ c own]%ip be be/ turn$ to ! s]vice ( ! community8 ,! way to d s1 is to be f\nd 9 ! ?reefold ord] ( society4 ,! p comb9$ 9 ! ?reefold ord] act z a collective community ?r\gh ! rights-,/ate4 ,! ex]cise ( individual abilities comes "u ! spiritual organisation4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! body social indicates ! necessity ( introduc+ ?is ?reefold organic arrangem5t1 :5 reg>d$ ) a s5se ( actualities1 & n f a view entirely dom9at$ by subjective op9ions1 !ories1 pr$ilections1 & s =?2--& ?is "q ( ! relation ( individual abilities to ! capital-basis ( economic life & its own]%ip1 is a special case 9 po9t4 ,! rights-,/ate w n int]f]e ) ! =mation & control ( private prop]ty 9 capital1 s long z ! connection ( ! capital-basis ) p]sonal ability rema9s su*1 t ?is private control implies a s]vice to ! total community4 ,moreov]1 x w rema9 a rights-,/ate 9 respect to its deal+s ) private prop]ty4 ,x w nev] itself take ov] ! own]%ip ( private prop]ty4 ,x w only ensure t ! "r ( use is transf]r$ at ! "r mom5t to a p]son or gr\p ( p]sons1 :o1 aga91 ?r\gh individual conditions1 are capable ( e/abli%+ a purely p]sonal relation to ?is own]%ip4 ,?is w b5efit ! body social 9 two diff]5t aspects4 ,! democratic f\ndation ( ! rights-,/ate1 be+ conc]n$ ) ! ev]y?+ t t\*es all m5 equally1 w enable a %>p wat* to be kept1 t prop]ty rights d n 9 c\rse ( "t become prop]ty wrongs4 ,& aga91--7s9ce ! ,/ate does n itself adm9i/] prop]ty1 b ensures its transf]5ce to individual ability71--m5's individual abilities w develope _! fructify+ p[] = ! :ole body ( ! community4 ,"u an organisation ( ?is sort1 prop]ty rights1 or _! ex]cise1 c safely be left atta*$ to a p]sonality1 = s long z seems opportune4 ,"o c conceive ! repres5tatives 9 ! rights-,/ate lay+ d[n q diff]5t regulations at diff]5t times z to ! way 9 :i* prop]ty is to be transf]r$ f "o p]son or gr\p to ano!r4 ,at ! pres5t day1 :5 private prop]ty has come to be reg>d$ altoge!r ) great di/ru/1 ! proposal is1 to conv]t private prop]ty :olesale into communal prop]ty4 ,if p proce$ f> en\gh along ?is road1 !y w f9d out1 t !y are /rangl+ ! life ( ! community2 &1 taught by exp]i5ce1 !y w !n pursue a diff]5t pa?4 ,b x w\ld und\bt$ly be bett] n[1 at once1 to take measures t w\ld secure social heal? on ! l9es "h indicat$4 ,s long z an individual alone1 or 9 comb9ation ) a gr\p1 cont9ues to c>ry on t productive activity :i* fir/ procur$ him a capital-basis to "w on1 s long he %all reta9 ! "r to use accumulations ( capital aris+ z bus9ess ga9s on ! prim>y capital :]e ! ga9s are appli$ to ! productive ext5sion ( ! bus9ess4 ,directly ?is p>ticul> p]sonality ceases to control ! "w ( production1 ! accumulation ( capital %all pass on to ano!r p]son1 or gr\p1 to c>ry on ! same k9d ( bus9ess1 or "s o!r bran* ( productive indu/ry useful to ! :ole community4 ,capital also1 t accrues f a productive indu/ry b is n us$ = its ext5sion1 mu/ f ! beg9n+ g ! same way4 ,no?+ %all c\nt z ! p]sonal prop]ty ( ! individual direct+ ! bus9ess1 except :at he receives 9 accordance ) ! claim he made :5 he fir/ took ov] ! bus9ess--claims1 :i* he felt able to make on ! gr\nd ( 8 p]sonal abilities1 & :i* appe> ju/ifi$ by ! fact1 t he 0 able to impress p ) 8 abilities suffici5tly = !m to tru/ him ) capital4 ,if ?r\gh 8 p]sonal ex]tions ! capital has be5 increas$1 !n a portion ( ?is increm5t w pass into 8 private own]%ip1--! addition s made to 8 orig9al e>n+s repres5t+ a p]c5tage on ! addition to ! capital4 ,:]e ! orig9al controll] ( an indu/ry is unable1 or unwill+1 to cont9ue 9 *>ge1 ! capital us$ to />t x w ei!r pass ov] to ! new controll] ) all incumb5t obligations1 or else w rev]t to ! orig9al own]s1 accord+ z ^! latt] may decide4 ,9 su* an arrangem5t1 "o is deal+ ) transf]s ( a "r4 ,! legal regulation ( ! t]ms on :i* su* transf]s %all take place1 is a matt] = ! rights-,/ate4 ,x w be = ! rights-,/ate also to see t ^! transf]s are c>ri$ out & to conduct ! process4 ,x is conceivable t1 9 detail1 ! regulations laid d[n = any su* transf] ( a "r w take v v>i\s =ms1 accord+ z ! common s5se ( "r 7! rights-consci\sness7 v>ies 9 its view ( :at is "r4 ,no mode ( conception1 :i*1 l ! pres5t "o1 aims at be+ true to life1 w ev] attempt to d m ?an indicate ! g5]al direction t su* regulation %\ld take4 ,if "o keeps to ?is direction & uses "o's und]/&+1 "o w always1 9 any concrete in/ance discov] :at is ! appropriate ?+ to d4 ,"o mu/ judge always f ! special circum/ances & accord+ to ! _s ( ! ?+1 :at ! "r c\rse is 9 actual practice4 ,! m true to life any mode ( ?\ght is1 ! less x w attempt to lay d[n h>d-&-fa/ rules = details1 f preconceiv$ notions ( :at is requisite4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! v _s ( su* a =m ( ?\ght w lead necess>ily & decisively to "o result or ano!r4 ,= in/ance1 x results unque/ionably f su* a mode ( ?\ght1 t ! rights-,/ate mu/ nev] use its control ( rights-transf]s to get any capital into its own h&s4 ,its only bus9ess w be to see1 t ! transf] is made to a p]son1 or gr\p1 ^: individual abilities seem to w>rant x4 ,?is at once presupposes also1 z a g5]al pr9ciple1 t anyone1 :o is propos+ to effect a transf] ( capital "u ! circum/ances describ$1 w be at lib]ty to select 8 successor 9 ! use ( x4 ,he w be free to select a p]son or gr\p ( p1 or else to transf] ! "r ( use to a corporate body belong+ to ! spiritual organisation4 ,= anyone1 :o has r5d]$ practical s]vices to society ?r\gh 8 managem5t ( capital is a p]son likely to judge f native ability & ) social s5se1 :at %\ld be done ) ! capital aft]w>ds4 ,& x w be m advantage\s to ! community to g ^u :at he decides1 ?an to disc>d 8 judgm5t1 & leave ! decision to p]sons :o h no direct connection ) ! matt]4 ,"s settlem5t ( ?is k9d w be requir$ 9 ! case ( capital accumulations ov] a c]ta9 am\nt1 :i* h be5 acquir$ by p]sons1 or gr\ps1 ?r\gh ! means ( production 7includ+ l&71--except :]e ^! accumulations become private prop]ty by ! t]ms orig9ally agre$ ^u = ! ex]cise ( individual ability4 ,9 ?is latt] case1 :at is s e>n$1 z well z all sav+s t spr+ f ! results ( a p]son's own "w1 w rema9 until ! own]'s dea?1 or "s lat] date1 9 ! private possession ( ! e>n] or 8 desc5dants4 ,until ?is date also1 ^! sav+s w draw an int]e/ f ! p]son :o is giv5 !m to procure ! means ( production4 ,! am\nt ( ! int]e/ w be ! outcome ( ! g5]al rights-consci\sness1 & be fix$ by ! rights-,/ate4 ,9 a social ord]1 bas$ on ! pr9ciples "h describ$1 x w be possible to effect a complete di/9ction betwe5 proce$s t are due to ! employm5t ( means ( production1 & sums accumulat$ ?r\gh ! e>n+s ( p]sonal lab\r1 spiritual or physical4 ,x is 9 accordance ) ! common s5se ( "r1 z well z to ! g5]al social int]e/1 t ^! two ?+s %\ld be kept di/9ct4 ,:at a p]son saves & places at ! disposal ( a productive indu/ry1 is a s]vice r5d]$ to ! g5]al int]e/s1 inasmu* z x makes x possible 9 ! fir/ place = p]sonal ability to direct production4 ,b :]e1 aft] d$uct+ ! rightful int]e/1 !re is an increase on ! capital1 aris+ out ( ! means ( production1 su* increase is due to ! collective work+ ( ! :ole social organism1 & mu/ accord+ly fl[ back into x aga9 9 ! way above describ$4 ,all t ! rights-,/ate w h to d1 is to pass a resolution1 t ! capital accumulations 9 "q are to be transf]r$ 9 ! prescrib$ way4 ,x w n be call$ on to decide1 :i* mat]ial or spiritual bran* ( production is to h ! disposal ei!r ( capital s transf]r$ or ( capital sav+s2--= ?is w\ld lead to ! ,/ate tyrannis+ ov] spiritual & mat]ial production1 :i* are be/ direct$ = ! body social by m5's individual abilities1 z has be5 %ewn4 ,b x w be op5 to anyone to appo9t a corporate body ( ! spiritual organisation to ex]cise ! "r ( disposal ov] capital t he has creat$1 if he does n want himself to select 8 successor4 ,prop]ty acquir$ ?r\gh sav+1 toge!r ) ! int]e/ on x1 w also pass at ! e>n]'s dea?1 or a :ile lat]1 to "s p]son or gr\p actively engag$ 9 spiritual or mat]ial production1--b only to a produc]1 n to be turn$ into an income by someone :o is n produc+4 ,! *oice w be made by ! e>n] 9 8 la/ w4 ,"h aga91 if no p]son or gr\p c be *os5 direct1 x w be a "q ( transf]r+ ! "r ( disposal to a corporation ( ! spiritual sy/em4 ,only :5 a p]son himself makes no disposition ( 8 sav+s1 !n ! rights-,/ate w act on 8 behalf1 & require ! spiritual organisation to dispose ( !m4 ,9 a society ord]$ on ^! l9es1 due reg>d is paid bo? to private initiative on ! "p ( ! individual & at ! same "t to ! social int]e/s ( ! g5]al community4 ,inde$ ! latt] receive _! full satisfaction ?r\gh private initiative be+ set free to s]ve !m4 ,:oev] has to entru/ 8 lab\r to ! direction ( ano!r p]son1 c at lea/ "k1 "u su* an ord] ( ?+s1 t _! jo9t "w w be> fruit to ! be/ advantage ( ! community1 & !re=e ( ! work] himself4 ,! social ord]1--z "h conceiv$1--w e/abli% a proportionate relation1 satisfactory to heal?y human s5se1 betwe5 ! prices ( manufactur$ products & ! two jo9t factors ( _! production1--namely human lab\r-p[] & ^! rights ( use ov] capital 7embodi$ 9 ! means ( production7 :i* are subject to ! common s5se ( "r4 ,no d\bt all sorts ( imp]fections may be f\nd 9 ?is4 ,imp]fections d n matt]4 ,= a mode ( ?\ght t is true to life1 :at is ( importance is n to lay d[n a p]fect & complete programme = all "t1 b to po9t out ! direction = practical "w4 ,! special in/ances1 discuss$ "h1 are simply int5d$ z illu/rations to map out ! direction m cle>ly4 ,any p>ticul> illu/ration may be improv$ ^u2 & ?is w be all to ! good1 provid$ ! "r direction is obs]v$4 ,?r\gh social in/itutions ( ?is k9d1 p]sonal & family feel+s w admit ( be+ br\ght into h>mony ) ! claims ( g5]al humanity4 ,x may ( c\rse be po9t$ out1 t !re w be a great temptation = p to transf] _! prop]ty dur+ _! life-"t to _! desc5dants1 or to "s "o ( !m1 & t x is q easy to give su* a p]son ! appe>ance ( a produc]1 :il/ all ! :ile he may be q incompet5t comp>$ to o!rs1 :o w\ld be mu* bett] 9 8 place4 ,! temptation to d ?is1 c h[ev] be r$uc$ to a m9imum "u social in/itutions ( ! above k9d4 ,! rights-,/ate has only to require1 t prop]ty1 :i* is transf]r$ f "o memb] ( a family to ano!r1 %\ld "u all circum/ances1 be made ov] to a corporation ( ! spiritual sy/em1 aft] ! lapse ( a c]ta9 p]iod f ! fir/ own]'s dea?4 ,or an evasion ( ! rule may be prev5t$ 9 "s o!r way by rights-law4 ,! rights-,/ate w m]ely see to x1 t ! prop]ty is s made ov]4 ,! spiritual organisation mu/ make provision = ! *oice ( ! p]son to inh]it x4 ,9 ! fulfillm5t ( ^! pr9ciples a g5]al s5se w gr[ up1 t ! next g5]ation mu/ be tra9$ & educat$ to fit !m = ! body social & t "o mu/ n d social mis*ief by pass+ capital on to p]sons :o are non-productive4 ,no "o1 9 :om a real social s5se is awak5$1 c>es to h 8 own connection ) ! capital basis ( 8 "w c>ri$ on by any individual or gr\p ^: p]sonal abilities d n w>rant x4 ,^! proposals _c be reg>d$ z a m]e utopia by anybody :o has a s5se ( :at is really practicable4 ,= ! k9d ( in/itutions "h propos$ are su* z spr+ directly out ( exi/+ circum/ances any:]e 9 life4 ,only1 p w h to make up _! m9ds1 gradually to give up adm9i/]+ spiritual life & indu/rial economy )9 ! rights-,/ate1 & n to raise opposition1 :5 private s*ools & colleges are />t$ & economic life put on its own foot+1--see+ t ?is is j :at is want$4 ,!re is no ne$ to aboli% ! ,/ate s*ools & ! ,/ate economic und]tak+s /raight away4 ,b1 beg9n+ p]haps 9 q a small way1 x w be f\nd increas+ly possible to d away ) ! :ole /ructure ( ,/ate education & ,/ate economy4 ,?is requires1 h[ev]1 fir/ ( all1 individuals1 conv9c$ t ^!1 or "s su* social ideas z ^! are ! "r ones1 & able s ?or\ghly to imbue !mselves ) _! rightness1 t !y w make x _! bus9ess to spread !m4 ,:]ev] su* ideas f9d und]/&+1 !y w ar\se confid5ce 9 ! possibility ( *ang+ ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s into a heal?y "o1 :]e ! same evils w n arise4 ,b ?is is ! only k9d ( confid5ce :i* c lead to a really heal?y /ate ( ?+s4 ,=1 be=e "o c arrive at any su* confid5ce1 "o mu/ h a cle> p]ception 9 :at way1 practically1 x is possible to connect new in/itutions on to ! exi/+ old ones4 ,! ess5tial feature ( ! ideas "h put =w>d w\ld seem to be1 t !y d n propose to br+ ab\t a bett] future by de/roy+ ! pres5t social ord] fur!r ?an has already be5 done2 b t _! realisation w come ?r\gh build+ ^u :at already exi/s2 & t z ! build+-up process goes on1 :at is rott5 & uns\nd w fall away4 ,no new views nor tea*+s1 t d n aim at e/abli%+ confid5ce 9 ?is respect1 w atta9 ! object :i* x is absolutely necess>y to atta91 namely1 an unbrok5 c\rse ( evolution1 9 :i* all t m5 h hi!rto a*iev$1 ! weal? !y h work$ =1 & ! faculties !y h won1 are n ca/ to ! w9ds1 b /or$ up4 ,ev5 ! mo/ sweep+ radical may feel confid5ce 9 a =m ( social recon/ruction t /ill pres]ves ! old h]itage1 :5 he has ideas laid be=e him :i* are capable ( initiat+ really sane & heal?y developm5ts4 ,ev5 he w h to recognise1 t :atev] class ( m5 may get into p[]1 !y w n be able to remove exi/+ evils1 unless _! impulses are support$ by ideas t c put heal? & life into ! body social4 ,to despair1--to believe x impossible to f9d a suffici5t numb] ( p :o1 ev5 9 ^! days ( turmoil w h und]/&+ = ^! ideas1 if only !y are spread ) en\gh en]gy1--?is w\ld be to despair ( human nature & ( its op5ness to heal?ful & purposeful impulses4 ,is x desp]ate8 ,t is n ! "q to be ask$4 ,b r1 ,:at mu/ ,i d to give full =ce to ! tea*+ & spread ( ideas t c awak5 m5's confid5ce8 ,any effective spread ( ^! ideas w f9d its fir/ ob/acle 9 ! habits ( ?\ght ( ! pres5t age1 :i* w qu>rel ) !m on two gr\nds3--,ei!r x w be object$ 9 "s =m or ano!r1 t any dismemb]m5t 9 ! unity ( ! social life is inconceivable1 t its ?ree suppos$ bran*es _c be torn ap>t1 see+ t 9 actual practice !y are ev]y:]e int]tw9$4 ,or else p w op9e1 t x is q possible "u ! onefold /ate to give ea* ( ! ?ree bran*es its necess>y indep5d5t "*2 t all ^! ideas are m]e cobweb-sp9n+1 ) no?+ 9 !m1 & q ap>t f all reality4 ,! fir/ objection comes f ?9k+ unreally1 f presuppos+ t unity ( life is only possible 9 a community ( human be+s1 :5 ! unity is introduc$ by ord9ance4 ,:at life 9 reality requires is1 h[ev] j ! rev]se4 ,unity mu/ be ! result1 ! f9al outcome ( all ! /reams ( activity fl[+ toge!r f v>i\s directions4 ,?is idea is ! "o 9 accordance ) life2 b x _h ! evolution ( ! latt] age aga9/ x2 & s ! tide ( life 9 m5 bore d[n aga9/ ! artificial ord] 9 its pa?1--& l&$ 9 ! pres5t social conditions4 ,! second preconception arises f inability to di/+ui% ! radical diff]5ce 9 ! work+ ( ! ?ree sy/ems ( social life4 ,p d n see1 t man /&s 9 a sep>ate & peculi> relation to ea* ( ! ?ree2 t1 = ! full developm5t ( its special quality1 ea* ( ^! ?ree relations requires a gr\nd to itself 9 actual life1 :]e x c evolve its own =m ap>t f ! o!r two1 9 ord] t all ?ree may comb9e 9 _! work+4 ,!re 0 a view held 9 "t pa/ by ! physiocrats1 t1--,ei!r m5 make artificial gov]nm5t regulations = economic life1 :i* *eck its free expansion1--& !n ^! regulations are h>mful2--,or else1 ! laws t5d 9 ! same direction z economic life does :5 left to itself1--& !n !y are sup]flu\s4 ,z an academic !ory1 ?is view has _h its day2 b x /ill crops up ev]y:]e z a habit ( ?\ght1 & plays havoc 9 m5's bra9s4 ,p ?9k1 t if "o dep>tm5t ( life is guid$ by its own laws1 !n ev]y?+ else :atev] t is ne$$ 9 life mu/ foll[ z a consequ5ce out ( ?is "o dep>tm5t4 ,t if1 = in/ance1 economic life 7 regulat$ 9 a way to satisfy m5's wants1 t !n ?is well-ord]$ economic soil w\ld infallibly produce ! "r sort ( spiritual life & rights life z well4 ,b x is n possible2 & only a way ( ?9k+ =eign to all reality c believe x possible4 ,9 ! circuit ( economic life !re is no?+ :atev] t af=ds ( itself any motive to guide t :i* runs all ?r\gh ! relation ( man to man & proce$s f ! s5se ( "r4 ,& if p insi/ on regulat+ ?is relation by economic motive ! result w be1 t ! human be+1 ) 8 lab\r & 8 control ( ! means ( lab\r1 w be b\nd h& & foot to ! economic life4 ,economic life w g on l clockwork1 & man w be a :eel 9 x1--,economic life has a t5d5cy always to g on 9 "o c\rse1 :i* ne$s rectify+ f ano!r side4 ,x is nei!r1 t ! rights regulations are good1 provid$ !y move 9 ! c\rse set by economic life--nor1 t :5 !y run c\nt] to x1 !y are bad4 ,b r1 t if ! c\rse tak5 by economic life is con/antly "u ! influ5ce ( ^? rules ( "r :i* conc]n man simply z man1 !n a human exi/5ce )9 ! economic life becomes possible4 ,& n till individual ability gr[s on its own gr\nd1 q deta*$ f ! economic sy/em1 convey+ ev] afre% to economic life ^? =ces t economics & indu/ry are p[]less to produce1 c economic life itself develope 9 a way b5eficial to m54 ,x is a curi\s ?+3--9 purely ext]nal matt]s1 p are ready en\gh to see ! advantage ( a division ( lab\r4 ,!y d n expect a tailor to milk 8 own c[4 ,b :5 x comes to a g5]al division & co-ord9ation ( human life1 !n !y ?9k t no good c come ( any?+ b a onefold sy/em4 ,t social ideas :i* foll[ ! l9e ( real life w r\se objections on e side1 is a matt] ( c\rse4 ,= real life bre$s contradictions4 ,& anyone1 :o is ?9k+ 9 accordance ) life1 w det]m9e on realis+ arrangem5ts t involve liv+ contradictions1 ne$+ aga9 o!r arrangem5ts to reconcile !m4 ,he mu/ n suppose1 t an in/itution :i* is demon/rably1 to 8 ?9k+1 an ideally p]fect "o1 w involve no contradictions :5 realis$ 9 practice4 ,! socialism ( ! pres5t day is absolutely ju/ifi$ 9 lay+ d[n ! proposition1 t ! in/itutions ( ! mod]n age1 9 :i* production is c>ri$ on = individual pr(it1 mu/ be replac$ by a diff]5t sy/em1 "u :i* production %all be c>ri$ on = ! g5]al consumption4 ,b anyone1 :o fully & :olly accepts ?is proposition w n arrive at ! d$uction drawn by mod]n socialism3 ,ergo1 ! means ( production mu/ be transf]r$ f private to communal own]%ip4 ,inde$1 he w be =c$ to a v diff]5t conclusion1 namely1 t "r me?ods mu/ be tak5 = convey+ to ! g5]al community t :i* is privately produc$ on ! /r5g? ( individual en]gy & capacity4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! economic impulses ( ! new age has be5 to obta9 rev5ue by manufactur+ 9 mass4 ,! aim ( ! future mu/ be1 to f9d out1 by means ( ,associations1 :at1 9 view ( ! actual ne$s ( consumption1 is ! be/ me?od ( production1 & :at *annels are op5 f produc] to consum]4 ,! rights in/itutions w take c>e1 t a productive indu/ry does n rema9 ti$ up ) any individual or gr\p ( p long] ?an _! p]sonal ability w>rants4 ,in/ead ( communal own]%ip ( ! means ( production1 !re w be a circulation ( ! means ( production ?r\gh\t ! body social1 br++ !m con/antly afre% into ! h&s ( ^? p]sons ^: individual ability c employ !m to ! be/ s]vice ( ! community4 ,t connection betwe5 p]sonality & ! means ( production1 :i* hi!rto has be5 effect$ by private own]%ip1 w ?us be e/abli%$ = p]iods ( "t4 ,= x w be ?anks to ! means ( production t ! head ( a bus9ess & 8 subord9ates are enabl$ by _! p]sonal abilities to e>n ! income t !y ask$4 ,!y w n fail to make production z p]fect z possible1 s9ce e improvem5t br+s !m1 n inde$ ! :ole pr(its1 b a portion ( ! returns4 ,= pr(its1--z %ewn above1--g to ! community only to ! ext5t ( :at is ov]1 aft] d$uct+ ! quota due to ! produc] = improvem5ts 9 production4 ,& x is 9 ! _s ( ! :ole ?+1 t1 if production falls (f1 ! produc]'s income mu/ dim9i% 9 proportion z x rises ) ! enhancem5t ( production4 ,b always1 9 e case1 ! manag]'s income w come out ( ! spiritual "w he has done4 ,x w n come out ( pr(its1 dep5d+ on conditions t d n re/ ) ! spiritual "w ( ! direct+ p]sonality1 b ) ! int]play ( ! =ces at "w 9 ! communal life4 ,x w be se51 t ) ! realisation ( social ideas su* z ^!1 in/itutions t we already h w acquire an altoge!r new significance4 ,! own]%ip ( prop]ty ceases to be :at x has be5 up till n[4 ,b in/ead ( go+ back to an obsolete =m1 su* z communal own]%ip w\ld be1 x is c>ri$ on a /ep fur!r to some?+ q new4 ,! objects ( own]%ip are br\ght into ! /ream ( social life4 ,no private own]1 = 8 own p]sonal int]e/s1 c control !m to ! injury ( ! g5]al public2--nei!r1 aga91 c ! g5]al public control !m bureaucratically to ! injury ( ! private p]son2--b private p]sons1 :o are suitable1 w h access to !m1 z a means ( s]v+ ! public4 ,a s5se = ! g5]al public int]e/ w h a *ance to gr[ up1 :5 impulses ( ?is sort are realis$1 :i* place production on a s\nd basis1 & safegu>ds ! body social f sudd5 crises4 ,an adm9i/rature too1 :i* occupies itself solely ) ! processes ( economic life1 w be able to br+ ab\t any adju/m5ts = :i* necessity may arise 9 ! c\rse ( ^! processes4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 a bus9ess conc]n 7 n 9 a position to pay its cr$itors ! int]e/ due on ! sav+s ( _! lab\r1 !n1--if x is a bus9ess t is nev]!less recognis$ z meet+ a want1--x w be possible to arrange = o!r indu/rial conc]ns to subsidise x by ! volunt>y agreem5t ( ev]yone conc]n$ 9 !m4 ,self-conta9$1 on a basis ( rights det]m9$ f outside itself1 & suppli$ f )\t by a con/ant fl[ ( fre% human ability z x comes on ! sc5es1 ! economic life1 )9 its own circuit1 w conc]n itself ) no?+ b its prop] "w4 ,accord+ly x w be possible = x to facilitate a di/ribution ( weal? t w ensure ea* p]son receiv+ t :i* he is rightfully entitl$ to receive1 accord+ to ! community's g5]al prosp]ity4 ,&1 if "o p]son appe>s to h m income ?an ano!r1 x w only be because 8 individual abilities make ?is ,m1 ?is surplus1 ( advantage to ! community4 ,! taxes :i* are ne$$ = ! rights sy/em c be settl$ betwe5 ! lead]s ( ! rights life & ! economic life 9 a social organism %ap$ by ! light ( su* conceptions z ^!4 ,:il/ ev]y?+ ne$$ = ! ma9t5ance ( ! spiritual organisation w come z good-w f ! volunt>y appreciation ( ! private memb]s ( ! body social4 ,! spiritual organisation w re/ on a heal?y basis ( individual initiative1 ex]cis$ 9 free competition among/ ! private individuals suit$ to spiritual "w4 ,b x is only 9 a social organism ( ?is =m1 t ! rights adm9i/ration w f9d ! und]/&+ necess>y to a "r & j di/ribution ( weal?4 ,9 an economic life1 :]e ! claim ^u m5's lab\r is n prescrib$ by ! /resses 9 s+le bran*es ( production1 b :i* has to c>ry on bus9ess ) z mu* z ! rights-law all[s x1 ! value ( goods w be det]m9$ by :at m5 actually put into x 9 ! way ( "w4 ,x w n all[ ! "w m5 d to be det]m9$ by goods-values into ^: =mation human welf>e & human dignity d n ent]4 ,an ord] ( economy su* z ?is1 w n be bl9d to rights t arise f purely human relations4 ,*ildr5 w h a "r to education4 ,! fa!r ( a family w be able to h a high] income ?an a s+le man4 ,he w get 8 surplus ?r\gh a sy/em in/itut$ by agreem5t betwe5 all ?ree social organisations4 ,! "r to education might be met1 "u ^! arrangem5ts1 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,! manag+ body ( ! economic organisation e/imates ! am\nt ( rev5ue t c be giv5 to education1 accord+ to ! g5]al economic conditions2 & ! rights-/ate fixes ! rights ( individual p]sons1 accord+ to ! spiritual organisation's op9ion 9 ea* case4 ,"h aga91 s9ce we are ?9k+ on l9es ( reality1 ?is in/ance is m]ely int5d$ to indicate ! direction 9 :i* su* arrangem5ts might be work$4 ,9 detail1 x is possible t q a diff]5t sort ( arrangem5t may be f\nd to be ! "r ?+4 ,b1 9 any case1 ! "r ?+ w be f\nd only ?r\gh all ?ree indep5d5t bran*es ( ! body social conjo9tly1 9 work+ toge!r = a common end4 ,= ! purposes ( ?is sket*1 ! und]ly+ mode ( ?\ght is m]ely conc]n$ to discov] ! really practical ?+1 7unlike s mu* to-day t passes = practical71--namely1 a functional division ( ! body social1 su* z %all give man a basis on :i* to "w socially to "s purpose4 ,on a p> ) a *ild's "r to education1 is ! "r ( ! ag$1 ( invalids1 wid[s & sick p]sons1 to a ma9t5ance2 & ! capital-basis = _! support w be pass$ ?r\gh ! ?ree sy/ems ( ! body social 9 mu* ! same way z ! capital contribut$ = ! education ( ^? :o are n yet come to _! work+ p[]s4 ,! ess5tial po9t 9 all ?is is1 t ! income receiv$ by anyone :o is n p]sonally an e>n]1 %\ld n be an outcome ( ! economic life2 b ! o!r way ab\t3--economic life mu/ be dep5d5t on :at is ! outcome ( ! common s5se ( "r4 ,! p work+ 9 any economic organism w h all ! less f _! "w1 ! m has to g to ! non-e>n]s2 only ! less w be borne fairly by all ! memb]s ( ! body social1 :5 social impulses1 ( ! k9d "h meant1 are really put into practice4 ,! education & ma9t5ance ( ^? :o _c "w conc]ns all mank9d 9 common2 & "u a rights-/ate deta*$ f economic life x w become ! common conc]n 9 actual practice4 ,= ! rights organisation is ! field = realis+ ^? ?+s 9 :i* e gr[n human be+ has a voice4 ,"u a social ord]1 t foll[s ?is l9e ( conception1 ! surplus t a man p]=ms on ! /r5g? ( 8 individual ability w pass on to ! community2 & ! j ma9t5ance = ! defici5cy ( ! less able w also come f ! community4 ,surplus value w n be creat$ = ! unju/ifi$ enjoym5t ( private individuals1 b to enhance ev]y?+ t c give weal? ( s\l & body to ! :ole social organism1 & to fo/] :atev] is born ( x1 ev5 ?\gh n directly s]viceable4 ,x may be ?\ght1 t1 aft] all1 except = ! idea ( x1 !re is no practical value 9 keep+ ! ?ree memb]s ( ! body social ?us c>efully di/9ct1 & t ! same result w\ld come ab\t ( itself inside a uni=m con/itution ( ,/ate1 or an economic guild cov]+ ! same gr\nd z ! /ate1 & bas$ on communal own]%ip ( ! means ( production4 ,"o ne$s1 h[ev]1 only to look at ! special =m ( social in/itution t mu/ result f realis+ ! ?reefold division4 ,= in/ance1 ! use ( money z a mode ( paym5t w n h to be legally recognis$ by ! /ate adm9i/rature4 ,x w owe its recognition to ! measures tak5 by ! v>i\s adm9i/rative bodies )9 ! economic organisation4 ,= money1 9 a heal?y social organism1 c be no?+ except an ord] on commodities t o!r p h produc$1 & :i* "o c draw out ( ! common economic pool1 because ( ! commodities t oneself has produc$ & paid 94 ,x is ! money curr5cy t makes a sph]e ( economic activity into an economic unit4 ,! :ole economic life is a r\ndab\t way ( ev]yone produc+ = ev]yone else4 ,)9 ! sph]e ( economic activity1 commodity-values are ! only ?+s dealt )2 & 9 ?is sph]e1 n only any?+ made1 b also any?+ done1 orig9at+ 9 ! spiritual or ,/ate organisations1 also takes on ! "* ( a commodity4 ,:at a tea*] does = 8 pupils1 is1 = ! economic circuit1 a commodity4 ,! tea*]'s individual ability is no m paid =1 ?an ! work]'s lab\r-p[] is paid =4 ,all t c possibly be paid = 9 ei!r1 is t :i* proce$s f !m & c pass z a commodity or commodities into ! economic circuit4 ,h[ free initiative1 & :at ! rights-law mu/ act1 9 ord] to br+ ! commodity into exi/5ce1 lies z mu* outside ! economic circuit itself z ! action ( ! =ces ( nature ^u ! corn yield 9 a b\ntiful or b>r5 ye>4 ,= ! economic circuit1 bo? ! spiritual organisation1--z reg>ds its claim on economic returns1--& ! ,/ate also1 are simply produc]s ( commodities4 ,only1 :at !y produce is n a commodity )9 _! own sph]es2 x fir/ becomes a commodity1 :5 x is tak5 up into ! economic circuit4 ,)9 _! own doma9s1 ! spiritual organisation & ! /ate h no bus9ess deal+s2--! economic body1 ?r\gh its adm9i/rature1 c>ries on bus9ess ) _! "w :5 x is done4 ,! purely economic value ( any commodity 7or "w done1 9 s f> z x f9ds expression 9 ! money t repres5ts its equival5t value71 w dep5d on ! effici5cy 9 economic adm9i/ration develop$ by ! body economic4 ,x w dep5d on ! measures tak5 by ! economic adm9i/ration1 h[ f]tile economic life c become on ! basis af=d$ by ! spiritual & rights sy/ems ( ! body social4 ,! money-value ( a commodity w !n indicate1 t ! economic organisation is produc+ ! commodity 9 a quantity correspond+ to ! want = x4 ,suppos+ ! premises laid d[n 9 ?is book to be realis$1 ! body economic w n be dom9at$ by ! impulse to amass weal? ?r\gh %e] quantity ( production2 b ! production ( goods w adapt itself to wants1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! associative guilds t w spr+ up 9 all mann] ( connections4 ,9 ?is way1 ! proportion1 t 9 ea* case corresponds to ! actual want1 w become e/abli%$ betwe5 ! money-value ( an article & ! arrangem5ts made 9 ! body social = produc+ x4 #f ,9 ! heal?y social organism1 money w really be no?+ b a measure ( value2 s9ce1 beh9d e money piece1 or money tok51 !re /&s ! tangible piece ( production1 on ! /r5g? ( :i* alone ! own] ( ! money c\ld come by x4 ,^! conditions w1 ( _! nature1 necessitate arrangem5ts be+ made1 :i* w deprive money ( its value = its possessor1 :5 once x has lo/ its orig9al significance4 ,arrangem5ts ( ?is sort h already be5 allud$ to4 ,money prop]ty passes back1 aft] a fix$ p]iod1 into ! common pool1 9 :atev] ! prop] =m may be2 & to prev5t money1 )drawn f use 9 indu/ry1 be+ held back by its possessors to ! evasion ( ! provisions made by ! economic organisation1 !re c be a new co9age1 or re-/amp+1 f "t to "t4 ,"o result ( ?is w no d\bt be1 t ! int]e/ d]iv$ f any capital sum w dim9i% z ye>s g on4 ,money w we> out1 j z commodities we> out4 ,nev]!less1 su* a measure w be a "r & j "o = ! ,/ate to enact4 ,!re c be no comp\nd int]e/4 ,if a p]son lays by sav+s1 he has c]ta9ly r5d]$ pa/ s]vices t gave him a claim on future c\nt]-s]vice 9 commodities1--j z pres5t s]vices claim pres5t s]vice 9 ex*ange4 ,b 8 claims _c g beyond a c]ta9 limit2 = claims1 t date f ! pa/1 require pres5t lab\r-s]vices to satisfy !m2 & !y mu/ n be turn$ into a means ( economic co]cion4 ,! practical realisation ( ^! pr9ciples w put ! problem ( safegu>d+ ! money /&>d ^u a s\nd basis4 ,=1 no matt] :at =m money may take ow+ to o!r conditions1 ! safegu>d ( its /&>d lies 9 ! intellig5t organisation ( ! :ole body economic ?r\gh its adm9i/rature4 ,! problem ( safegu>d+ ! money /&>d w nev] be satisfactorily solv$ ?r\gh any ,/ate by means ( law4 ,! pres5t ,/ates w only solve x1 :5 !y give up attempt+ ! solution on _! own acc\nt1 & leave ! body economic to d :at is ne$ful1 aft] x is deta*$ f ! ,/ate4 ,!re is mu* talk ( ! mod]n division ( lab\r1 ( its results 9 "t-sav+1 9 p]fect+ ! manufacture & facilitat+ ! ex*ange ( commodities4 ,little att5tion is paid to its effect on ! relation ( ! human work] to :at he is do+4 ,9 a social ord] t is bas$ on division ( lab\r1 no p]son at "w is ev] really e>n+ 8 income himself1 he is e>n+ x ?r\gh ! "w ( ev]ybody employ$ 9 ! body social4 ,:5 a tailor makes a coat = 8 own use1 ! relation ( himself to ! coat he is mak+ is n ! same z t ( a man liv+ "u primitive conditions1 :o has all ! o!r necess>ies ( life to provide = himself4 ,! tailor makes ! coat 9 ord] to enable him to make clo!s = o!r p2 & its value = him dep5ds solely & entirely on :at s]vices o!r p r5d]4 ,! coat is1 really1 a means ( production4 ,_m p may call ?is splitt+ hairs2--b "o sees t x is n s1 :5 "o comes to consid] ! =mation ( commodity-values 9 ! economic process4 ,x !n becomes obvi\s1 t 9 an economic organism bas$ on division ( lab\r x is absolutely impossible to "w = oneself4 ,all "o c d1 is to "w = o!rs1 & set o!rs to "w = "o4 ,"o c no m "w = oneself1 ?an "o c eat oneself4 ,"o c1 h[ev]1 e/abli% practices1 t are 9 direct opposition to ! v ess5ce ( division ( lab\r2--z1 = in/ance1 :5 ! :ole sy/em ( goods-production is bas$ on transf]r+ to ! individual z private prop]ty :at he is only able to produce ?r\gh occupy+ a place 9 ! social organism4 ,division ( lab\r makes = a social organism 9 :i* ! individual %all live 9 accordance ) ! conditions ( ! :ole body ( ! community4 ,economically1 division ( lab\r precludes egoism4 ,& if1 9 spite ( ?is1 egoism p]si/s1 9 ! =m ( class privilege & su* ?+s1 !n a ,/ate ( in/ability sets 91 lead+ to di/urbances 9 ! body social4 ,we are liv+ "u su* conditions to-day4 ,to insi/ t ! conditions 9 ! rights-,/ate1 among/ o!r ?+s1 mu/ br+ !mselves into l9e ) ! sy/em ( divid$ lab\r & its non-egoti/ic me?od ( production1 may appe> to _m p futile4 ,9 ?is case1 !y may z well draw ! d$uction f _! premises3 ,!re is no do+ any?+4 ,! social movem5t c lead to no?+4 ,z respects ! social movem5t1 "o c c]ta9ly d no good1 unless "o is will+ to give ,reality h] due4 ,x is inh]5t 9 ! mode ( ?\ght und]ly+ ! :ole treatm5t ( ! subject1 ?r\gh\t ^! pages1 t man's do+s )9 ! body social mu/ be br\ght into l9e ) ! conditions ( its organic life4 ,anyone1 :o c only =m 8 notions by ! sy/em he is accu/om$ to1 w be uneasy :5 he is told1 t ! relation betwe5 ! "w-director & ! work] is to be sep>at$ out f ! economic process4 ,he w believe t su* a sep>ation is b\nd to lead to depreciation ( money & a return to primitive conditions ( indu/rial economy4--7,dr4 ,ra!nau takes ?is view 9 8 ,aft] ! ,flood2 & f 8 /&po9t x is a def5sible "o47--,! ?reefold+ ( ! social ord]1 h[ev]1 prev5ts any risk ( ?is4 ,! autonom\s economic sy/em1 work+ conjo9tly ) ! rights sy/em1 completely deta*es ! :ole /ate ( money conditions f lab\r conditions1 :i* latt] re/ entirely on ! rights-law4 ,! rights conditions _c h any direct influ5ce on ! money conditions1 = ^! are ! result ( ! economic adm9i/ration4 ,! relation 9 "r betwe5 "w-director & work] w n upset ! balance or %ew itself 9 money-values at all4 ,=1 :5 wages are elim9at$1 7:i* repres5t a relation ( ex*ange betwe5 commodities & lab\r-p[]71 money-value rema9s simply a measure ( ! value ( "o commodity 7or piece ( "w7 z aga9/ ano!r4 ,if "o /udies ! ?reefold division 9 its actual effects ^u ! body social1 "o mu/ become conv9c$ t su* a division w lead to in/itutions unkn[n to ! =ms ( ,/ate t h exi/$ up till n[4 ,^! new in/itutions c be cle>$ ( all t to-day has an atmosph]e ( class-/ruggle4 ,= ?is /ruggle comes f ! wages ( lab\r be+ ti$ up ) ! economic processes4 ,"h1 we are describ+ a =m ( social organism1 9 :i* ! conception ( wages ( lab\r und]goes a trans=mation no less complete ?an ! old conception ( prop]ty4 ,b ! social relation ( human-be+s becomes !reby a mu* m liv+ & heal?y "o4 ,"o mu/ n jump to ! conclusion1 t ^! proposals am\nt 9 practice m]ely to conv]t+ "t-wages into piece-wages4 ,"o might be l$ to ?is conclusion by a "o-sid$ view ( ! matt]4 ,b ?is "o-sid$ view is n t :i* is put =w>d z ! "r "o "h4 ,"h1 we are consid]+1 9 its connection ) ! :ole organisation ( ! body social1 ! elim9ation ( ! wage-relation altoge!r1 & ! adoption ( a %>e-relation1 bas$ on contract 9 respect to ! common "w p]=m$ by ! "w-director & ! work]s4 ,x may seem to somebody1 t ! portion ( ! proce$s :i* falls to ! work]'s %>e is a piece-wage2 b if s1 x is because he fails to see1 t ?is k9d ( piece-wage 7:i*1 prop]ly speak+1 is n a wage at all7 f9ds expression 9 ! value ( ! product 9 a way1 t puts ! work] socially into a position z reg>ds ! o!r memb]s ( ! body social v diff]5t f t relation betwe5 him & !m1 :i* has sprung out ( class supremacy 9 :i* economics are ! only factor4 ,class /ruggle f9ds no place "h2 & ?is requirem5t is satisfi$4 ,& = ^? :o hold ! !ory1--n infrequ5tly to be he>d 9 sociali/ circles1--t ! c\rse ( evolution itself mu/ br+ ! solution ( ! social "q1 t x is impossible to set up views & say t !y ought to be realis$1--to ^! we %all reply3 ,mo/ c]ta9ly evolution w br+ ab\t t :i* mu/ be2 b m5's ideas are realities & active impulses )9 ! body social4 ,& :5 "t has gone on a little fur!r1 & t has become realis$ :i* to-day c only be ?\ght1 !n ^! realis$ ?\ghts w be !re 9 ! evolution4 ,) "t1 :5 ! ?\ghts ( to-day h become "p ( evolution1 !n ^?1 :o look to evolution alone & h no use = fruitful ideas1 may be bett] able to =m a judgm5t4 ,only1 :5 t "t comes1 x w be too late to accompli% c]ta9 ?+s1 :i* are requir$ n[ by ! facts ( to-day4 ,9 ! social organism1 x is n possible to set ab\t obs]v+ ! evolution f outside1 objectively1 z "o does 9 nature4 ,"o is oblig$ to take an active "p 9 ! evolution>y process4 ,& x is !re=e s disa/r\s = all s\nd ?\ght on social matt]s t x is to-day up aga9/ views t are b5t on demon/rat+ social requirem5ts z "o demon/rates a fact 9 natural sci5ce4 ,9 ! compreh5sion ( social life1 !re c be no pro(1 unless "o takes into acc\nt n only :at is actually pres5t exi/+1 b also t o!r factor1 lat5t )9 m5's impulses1 (t5 unkn[n to !mselves1 se$-l & /riv+ t[>ds realisation4 ,"o ( ! ways1 9 :i* ! ?reefold sy/em w %ew t x is bas$ on ! ess5tials ( human social life1 w be ! removal ( ! judicial function f ! sph]e ( ! ,/ate4 ,x w be = ! ,/ate in/itutions to lay d[n ! rights t are to be obs]v$ betwe5 m5 or gr\ps ( m52 b ! pass+ ( judgm5t comes )9 in/itutions proce$+ f ! spiritual organisation4 ,9 pass+ judgm5t1 a v great deal dep5ds on :at opportunity ! judge has = p]ceiv+ & und]/&+ ! p>ticul> circum/ances ( ! p]son :om he is try+4 ,no?+ c ensure ?is p]ception & und]/&+1 except ^? ties ( tru/ & confid5ce t draw m5 toge!r 9 ! in/itutions ( ! spiritual ord]1 & :i* mu/ be made ! ma9 consid]ation 9 appo9t+ ! c\rts ( law4 ,possibly1 ! adm9i/rature ( ! spiritual organisation might nom9ate a panel ( magi/rates :o c\ld be drawn f ! wide/ range ( spiritual pr(essions & w\ld return to _! own call+ at ! expiration ( a c]ta9 p]iod4 ,ev]ybody !n w\ld h ! opportunity1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 ( select+ a p>ticul> p]son on ! panel = five or t5 ye>s at a "t1--someone 9 :om ! rhy?mic sy/em1 :i*1 to arrive at any he feels suffici5t confid5ce to be will+ to accept 8 v]dict 9 a private or crim9al suit1 if x came to ! po9t4 ,!re w\ld always be en\gh magi/rates1 9 ! neighb\rhood :]e anyone 0 resid+1 to give a value to ! p[] ( selection4 ,a compla9ant w\ld always h to apply to ! magi/rate compet5t to ! def5dant4 ,only consid]1 :at su* an in/itution w\ld h meant = ! t]ritories ( ,au/ria-,hung>y6 ,9 di/ricts ( mix$ language1 ! memb] ( any nationality w\ld h be5 able to *oose a judge ( 8 own race4 ,& anyone acqua9t$ ) ,au/rian affairs w "k1 h[ greatly su* an arrangem5t might h contribut$ to keep ! balance 9 ! life ( h] v>i\s nationalities4 ,b ap>t f nationality1 !re are _m fields ( life :]e su* an arrangem5t might h a b5eficial effect on heal?y developm5t4 ,= m detail$ acqua9tance ) po9ts ( law1 ! judges ?us appo9t$ & ! c\rts w be assi/$ by regul> (ficials1 ^: selection w also be det]m9$ by ! spiritual adm9i/rature1 b :o w n !mselves decide cases4 ,! same adm9i/rature w also h to con/itute c\rts ( appeal4 ,! k9d ( life1 t w g on "u ! conditions "h suppos$1 w ( its nature br+ a judge into t\* ) ! mode ( life & feel+ ( ^? :om he has to judge2 8 own life1 outside ! brief p]iod ( judicial (fice1 w make him famili> ) _! lives & circles4 ,ev]y:]e & 9 all its in/itutions1 ! heal?y social organism w draw out ! social s5se ( ^? :o %>e its life1--& s too ) ! judicature4 ,! execution ( a s5t5ce is ! affair ( ! rights-,/ate4 ,x is n necess>y = ! mom5t "h to g into arrangem5ts1 entail$ 9 o!r fields ( life z well by ! realisation ( :at has be5 put =w>d 9 ^! pages4 ,a description ( !m w\ld obvi\sly take up unlimit$ space4 ,! p>ticul> in/ances already giv5 ( ! =ms social life w take1 %\ld dispose ( a notion1 7:i* ,i h actually met ) :5 lectur+ on ?is subject 9 v>i\s places71 t ?is is an attempt to revive ! ?ree old e/ates ( ! ,pl\gh1 ! ,sword & ! ,book4 ,:at is "h int5d$1 is j ! v opposite to ?is division into grades4 ,m5 w n be divid$ into functions ( ! body social1 nei!r z ,classes1 nor ,e/ates4 ,x is ! body social itself :i* w be functionally divid$4 ,& !reby man = ! fir/ "t w be able to be truly man2 = ! ?ree social divisions w be su*1 t he himself has 8 own life's roots 9 ea* ( !m4 ,8 call+ gives him a foot+ 9 "o ( ! ?ree1 & to ?is he belongs ?r\gh 8 practical int]e/s4 ,& 8 relation to ! o!r two w be a v actual & liv+ "o2 = 8 connection ) _! in/itutions is ( a k9d to create su* a liv+ relation4 ,?reefold w be ! body social1 z ap>t f man & =m+ ! gr\ndwork ( 8 life2 & ea* man w unite its ?ree divisions )9 himself4 ,,iv ,,int]national ,,aspects ,,( ,,! ,,?reefold ,,commonweal? ,! int]nal /ructure ( a heal?y social organism makes its int]national relations also ?reefold4 ,ea* ( its ?ree bran*es w h its own indep5d5t relation to ! correspond+ bran* ( o!r ?reefold organisms4 ,all mann] ( int]connections w spr+ up betwe5 ! economic network ( "o di/rict & t ( ano!r1 )\t be+ directly influ5c$ by ! connections betwe5 _! rights-,/ates4 #g ,&1 conv]sely1 ! relations betwe5 _! rights-,/ates w1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 develope 9 complete indep5d5ce ( _! economic connections4 ,?is indep5d5ce ( orig9 w enable ^! two sets ( relations to act z a *eck ^u ea* o!r 9 cases ( dispute4 ,su* a close int]weav+ ( int]e/s w gr[ up1 z w make t]ritorial fronti]s seem negligible 9 ! life ( mank9d4 ,! spiritual organisations ( ! diff]5t di/ricts w become l9k$ 9 a way t only ! common spiritual life ( mank9d c make possible4 ,deta*$ f ! ,/ate & plac$ on its own foot+1 ! spiritual life w develope all mann] ( connections1 t are impossible :5 ! recognition ( spiritual s]vices does n re/ ) a spiritual corporation1 b ) ! rights-,/ate4 ,s f> z ?is is conc]n$1 !re is no real diff]5ce betwe5 ! s]vices r5d]$ by sci5ce1--:i* are frankly int]national1--& ^? r5d]$ 9 any o!r spiritual field4 ,! common language ( a nation1 & all t goes along ) language1 con/itutes "o su* field ( spiritual life1--includ+ ! national consci\sness itself4 ,! p ( "o language-area d n come into unnatural conflict ) ^? ( ano!r language-area1 except :5 !y try to make _! national =m ( civilisation pr$om9ant ?r\gh ! use ( _! ,/ate-organisation or _! economic p[]4 ,if "o national civilisation spreads m readily1 & has great] spiritual f]tility ?an ano!r1 !n x is q "r t x %\ld spread2 & ! process ( spread+ w be a peaceful "o1 provid$ x comes ab\t solely ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! spiritual communities ( ! diff]5t social organisms4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ! ke5e/ opposition to ! ?reefold ord] w come precisely f ^? gr\ps ( mank9d :i* h clu/]$ r\nd a common orig9 ( spee* & national culture4 ,su* opposition h[ev] mu/ break d[n be=e ! common goal ( all mank9d1--a goal t[>ds :i* m5 w set _! faces ) increas+ consci\sness f ! v necessities ( life 9 ! mod]n age4 ,mank9d w come to feel1 t ea* ( its _m p>ts c only lead a life wor?y ( _! common humanity1 :5 b\nd 9 liv+ l9ks to all ! re/4 ,national aff9ities1 toge!r ) o!r impulses ( a natural ord]1 are among/ ! causes :i* hi/orically l$ to ! =mation ( communities 9 rights & communities ( indu/rial economy4 ,b ! =ces to :i* nationalities owe _! gr[? require = _! developm5t free mutual int]action1 untrammell$ by any ties t gr[ up betwe5 ! respective bodies ( ,/ate & ! economic ,associations4 ,& ! way ( a*iev+ ?is1 is = ! v>i\s national communities to develope ! ?reefold ord] )9 _! own social /ructures2 & !n _! ?ree bran*es c ea* exp& its own relation ) ! correspond+ bran*es ( ! o!r communities4 ,9 ?is way1 peoples1 ,/ates1 economic bodies1 become gr\p$ toge!r 9 =mations t are v v>i\s 9 %ape & "*1 & e "p ( mank9d becomes s l9k$ ) ! o!r p>ts1 t ea* is consci\s ( ! life ( ! o!r puls+ ?r\gh its own daily int]e/s4 ,a league ( nations is ! outcome1--aris+ out ( root impulses t correspond to actual realities4 ,!re w be no ne$ to in/itute "o1 built up solely on legal !ories ( "r4 #h ,to anyone1 :o is ?9k+ ( ^! ?+s 9 t]ms ( real life1 x mu/ seem ( especial importance1 t ! aims "h set be=e ! body social1 :il/ hav+ a mean+ = ! :ole ( mank9d collectively1 are su* z c be put 9 practice by any s+le corporate community1 no matt] :at may be ! attitude adopt$ by o!r c\ntries = ! "t be+4--,if "o corporate community has organis$ itself into its ?ree natural divisions1 ! adm9i/ratures ( ! ?ree divisions c act toge!r z a s+le body1 & ?us p]fectly well =m relations ev5 ) outside communities t are n yet prep>$ to adopt ! ?reefold ord] !mselves4 ,:oev] leads ! way ) ! ?reefold ord]1 w be fur!r+ ! common aim ( all mank9d4 ,:at actually has to be done1 w be c>ri$ ?r\gh by t /r5g? :i* an aim br+s ) x 9 practical life1 :5 x is root$ 9 ! actual guid+ =ces ( humanity1--r ?an by diplomatic agreem5ts1 or draft+ s*emes at conf]5ces4 ,x is on a basis ( reality t ?is aim is conceiv$ 9 ?\ght4 ,x is "o to be pursu$ 9 ! real action ( life at any & e po9t among/ ! communities ( m54 ,anyone1 wat*+ :at 0 go+ on 9 ! life ( peoples & ( ,/ates dur+ ! la/ #cj or #dj ye>s f a po9t ( view su* z giv5 9 ^! pages1 c\ld see h[ ! ,/ate-/ructures t _h be5 built up 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 ) _! bl5d+ ( spiritual life1 rights & indu/rial economy1 7 becom+ involv$ 9 int]national relations t 7 head+ = cata/rophe4 ,at ! same "t1 x 0 equally pla91 t ! opposite =ces at "w )9 mank9d's unconsci\s impulses 7 t5d+ t[>ds ! ?reefold ord]4 ,"h lies ! rem$y = ^? convulsions t h be5 br\ght ab\t by ! mania = unification4 ,! way ( life among ! lead]s ( mank9d 0 n h[ev] ( ! k9d to enable !m to see :at _h be5 = ye>s pa/ sl[ly work+ up4 ,9 ! spr+ & summ] ( #aiad1 "o /ill f\nd /atesm5 say+1 t1 ?anks to ! gov]nm5ts' ex]tions1 ! peace ( ,europe 01 s f> z c\ld be humanly =ese51 assur$4 ,^! /atesm5 simply _h n ! fa9te/ notion1 t all t !y 7 do+ & say+ _h absolutely lo/ t\* ) ! c\rse ( real ev5ts4 ,yet ^! 7 ! p :o 7 look$ up to z practical2 & p 7 reg>d$ z little bett] ?an cranks at t "t1 :o _h be5 =m+ o!r views dur+ all ^? ye>s1 :i* diff]$ f ^? ( ! /atesm52--su* views1 = in/ance1 z ^? express$ by ! pres5t writ] mon?s be=e ! w>-cata/rophe1 :5 address+ a small audi5ce 9 ,vi5na1--7a l>ge audi5ce w\ld c]ta9ly h laugh$ him d[n47 ,he !n spoke ( ! dang] m5ac+1 9 m or less ^! words3--,! t5d5cies preval5t 9 ! life ( ! pres5t day w cont9ue to ga!r /r5g?1 until !y end by annihilat+ !mselves4 ,& if "o reads social life ) ! eyes ( ! _s1 "o c p]ceive ev]y:]e ! gha/ly signs ( social tum\rs =m+4 ,"h is ! great m5ace to our civilisation1 manife/ to anyone able to read bel[ ! surface ( exi/5ce4 ,x is ?is t is s appall+1 s ov]p[]+1 t--ev5 if "o c\ld o!rwise repress all zeal on behalf ( a sci5ce 9 :i* spiritual k is made in/rum5tal to ! k ( life's ev5ts1--^! ?+s alone w\ld impell "o to speak1 to proclaim ! rem$y1 to hurl "o's words z x 7 9 ! face ( ! _w4 ,if ! body social foll[s ! same l9e ( evolution z hi!rto1 x w become full ( sores--sores ( civilisation t w be = x :at canc]s are = man's natural body4--,su* 7 ! f\ndations ^u :i* life re/$1 & :i* ! rul+ circles nei!r c\ld nor w\ld see4 ,b _! special view ( life l$ !m to f9d 9 su* conditions a pretext = measures t w\ld h be5 bett] left undone1 b = none t 7 ( a sort to e/abli% confid5ce betwe5 ! diff]5t communities ( mank9d4--,:oev] is "u ! belief t ! social necessities ( ! "t play$ no "p among/ ! imm$iate causes ( ! pres5t _w-cata/rophe1 %\ld ask himself ?is "q3--,:at direction w\ld political impulses h tak5 9 ! ,/ates t 7 ru%+ into mutual w>1 if ! /atesm5 _h recognis$ ! social ne$s ( ! times1 & embodi$ ^! 9 _! aims8 ,& h[ mu* t 0 done w\ld h be5 left undone1 if _! ef=ts _h ?us be5 direct$ to some?+ m sub/antial ?an pil+ up inflammable mat]ial1 t 0 b\nd soon] or lat] to lead to an explosion8 ,z "o wat*$ ! relations betwe5 ! ,/ates dur+ rec5t ye>s1 & ! canc] creep+ on 9 !m1 ow+ to ! =m t social life _h tak5 among/ ! lead+ sections ( mank9d1 "o c\ld und]/& h[ a man ( broadly human spiritual int]e/s1 su* z ,h]mann ,grimm1 0 l$ to speak z he did1 s e>ly 9 #ahhh1 :5 discuss+ ! =m t social aims _h tak5 among/ ! lead+ circles3--,! end !y set be=e !m1 is ! ultimate =mation ( mank9d into a commonweal? ( bro!rs1 :o ev] aft]w>ds %all g =w>d h&-9-h&1 actuat$ only by ! noble/ impulses4 ,m]ely to foll[ hi/ory on ! map ( ,europe1 "o w\ld imag9e t a g5]al int]nec9e massacre 7 ! next /ep imm95t4 ,only ! ?\ght1 t a road mu/ be f\nd to ! true ri*es ( human life1 ?is ?\ght alone c keep alive a s5se ( human wor?4 ,x is a ?\ght :i* h>dly seems compatible ) ! gigantic prep>ations = w> t we & our neighb\rs too are mak+4 ,& yet1 ,i believe 9 x4 ,& 9 ! light ( ?is ?\ght we mu/ live2 unless inde$ x 7 bett] to put an end to human exi/5ce altoge!r by common cons5t1 & appo9t an (ficial day ( univ]sal suicide 7,h]man ,grimm3 ,! ,la/ ,five ,ye>s1--,pub4 #ahhh47--,:at 7 ^! prep>ations = w>1 save /eps tak5 by m5 :o 7 b5t ^u pres]v+ _! old ,/ate con/ructions 9 "o & undivid$ =m1 despite ! fact t ! evolution ( ! new age _h made ?is onefold =m incompatible ) ! v ess5ce ( heal?y relations betwe5 ! peoples4 ,heal? c1 nev]!less1 be br\ght into ! common life ( ! peoples1 by t =m ( social ord] t takes its %ape f ! requirem5ts ( ! times4 ,! ,/ate-/ructure ( ,au/ria-,hung>y _h1 = m ?an half a c5tury1 be5 /ruggl+ t[>ds a new =mation4 ,its spiritual life1 :i* _h its roots 9 a multiplicity ( racial communities1 call$ = a =m ( developm5t to :i* ! old onefold ,/ate1 creat$ by outworn impulses1 (f]$ a cont9ual ob/acle4 ,! incid5t ) :i* ! great cata/rophe op5$--! qu>rel betwe5 ,au/ria & ,s]bia--is a conclusive sign1 t ! political fronti]s ( ! onefold ,/ate ought n1 aft] a c]ta9 po9t ( "t1 to h =m$ ! cultural fronti]s = ! spiritual life ( its v>i\s nationalities4 ,c\ld ! spiritual life h be5 on its own foot+1 indep5d5t ( ! political ,/ate & political b\nd>ies1 x w\ld h _h a *ance to develope reg>dless ( fronti]s1 9 a mann] befitt+ ! true purpose ( ! sev]al nationalities2 & ! /ruggle1 :i* 0 deeply root$ 9 ! spiritual life1 ne$ nev] h f\nd v5t 9 a political cata/rophe4 ,delib]ate developm5t 9 ?is direction seem$ an utt] impossibility1 %e] lunacy inde$1 to all /atesman-l ?9k]s 9 ,au/ria-,hung>y4 ,_! habits ( ?\ght admitt$ ( no o!r conception ?an t ! b\nd>ies ( ,/ate mu/ also be ! b\nd>ies ( national community4 ,!y c\ld n und]/&1 h[ spiritual organisations c\ld be =m$1 cutt+ across /ate fronti]s1 & compris+ ! s*ool sy/em & o!r bran*es ( spiritual life4 ,x 0 aga9/ all _! habitual conceptions4 ,& yet ?is inconceivable ?+ is :at int]national life dem&s 9 ! new age4 ,a really practical ?9k] ought n to be held up by app>5t impossibilities1 & assume t ! ob/acles 9 ! way ( do+ :at is requisite are insurm\ntable4 ,he mu/ simply conc5trate on surm\nt+ !m4 ,b in/ead ( turn+ _! /atesman-l ?\ght along l9es t w\ld h be5 9 unison ) mod]n-age requirem5ts1 !y devot$ _! :ole en]gies to bol/]+ up ! onefold =m ( ,/ate aga9/ ! dem&s ( ! age by all mann] ( in/itutions4 ,! ,/ate grew m & m unwieldy & impossible 9 its /ructure4 ,& 9 ! second decade ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 x _h rea*$ a po9t :5 x c\ld no long] keep itself toge!r 9 its old =m1 & mu/ ei!r passively await dissolution1 or else attempt to accompli% ext]nally by =ce ! int]nally impossible1 & ma9ta9 itself by ! p[] :i* a w>-foot+ w\ld give to x4 ,9 #aiad !re rema9$ = ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian /atesm5 b "o alt]native3--,ei!r !y mu/ direct _! policy along ! l9es ( life 9 a heal?y social ord]1 & make kn[n _! int5tion to ! _w1--a c\rse :i* might h reviv$ new confid5ce1--or else !y 7 absolutely oblig$ to />t a w>1 9 ord] to keep ! old /ructure f tumbl+ ab\t _! e>s4--,:at happ5$ 9 #aiad mu/ be judg$ f ^! und]ly+ causes2 o!rwise x is impossible to ?9k correctly & ju/ly ab\t ! "q ( blame4 ,! fact t _m nationalities w5t to compose ! fabric ( h] ,/ate1 might well seem to h made x ,au/ria-,hung>y's mission 9 ! _w's hi/ory to lead ! way 9 evolv+ a heal?y =m ( social ord]4 ,! mission 0 n recognis$4 ,& ?is s9 aga9/ ! _s ( ! _w's hi/oric life drove ,au/ria-,hung>y into w>4 ,& :at ab\t ! ,g]man ,empire8--,! ,g]man ,empire 0 f\nd$ at a mom5t1 :5 ! call ( ! new age = ! heal?y =m ( social life 0 endeav\r+ to f9d practical realisation4 ,to h realis$ x1 might h giv5 ! empire a ju/ification = its exi/5ce 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,all ! social impulses met toge!r 9 ?is realm ( ,c5tral ,europe1 z if x 7 ! gr\nd allott$ to !m f ( old 9 ! _w's hi/ory = !m to "w !mselves out4 ,! social t5d5cy 9 ?\ght 0 to be f\nd 9 any numb] ( places1 b )9 ! ,g]man ,empire x assum$ a =m t pla9ly %ew$ :i!r x 0 t5d+4 ,"h lay ! "w :i* %\ld h giv5 ! empire its sub/ance & purport4 ,"h 0 ! field ( lab\r = ^? :o 7 at ! head ( its affairs4 ,?is empire w\ld h requir$ no ju/ification 9 ! community ( mod]n nations1 _h x receiv$ at its f\ndation a task & purport su* z ! =ces ( hi/ory !mselves seem$ to sugge/4 ,b in/ead ( deal+ ) ! task on a scale correspond+ to its magnitude1 ^? at ! head ( affairs cont5t$ !mselves ) social re=ms aris+ out ( ! exig5cies ( ! h\r1 & 7 delight$ :5 su* re=ms z ^! 7 held up z models by o!r c\ntries4 ,& all ! "t1 !y 7 m & m seek+ to e/abli% ! ext]nal pre/ige ( ! empire ^u a patt]n tak5 f ! antiquat$ conceptions ( ! p[] & glory ( ,/ates4 ,!y w5t on build+ up an empire1 :i* 0 z contr>y z ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian fabric to ev]y?+ t hi/ory %ew$ to be an active =ce 9 ! mod]n life ( ! peoples4 ,b ( ^! =ces ! empire's gov]nors saw no?+4 ,! p>ticul> =m ( ,/ate-/ructure1 t !y _h 9 _! m9d's eye1 c\ld only re/ on milit>y =ce4 ,:]eas ! =m ( ,/ate1 t mod]n hi/ory dem&$1 mu/ h re/$ on a practical realisation ( ! impulses t 7 mak+ = a heal?y social organism4 ,9 giv+ ^! impulses practical realisation1 !y w\ld h made !mselves a diff]5t place 9 ! community ( peoples f ! position !y actually occupi$ 9 #aiad4 ,?r\gh failure to und]/& :at 0 dem&$ by ! life ( ! peoples 9 ?is new age1 ,g]man policy _h1 9 #aiad1 rea*$ a dead-po9t z reg>ds any possibility ( fur!r action4 ,= ye>s pa/1 ,g]man policy _h be5 bl9d to ev]y?+ t ought to h be5 accompli%$2 x _h busi$ itself ) e conceivable ?+ t lay outside ! =ces ( mod]n evolution1 & t 0 b\nd inevitably f %e] holl[ness to tumble d[n l a h\se ( c>ds4 ,! :ole trag$y1 ?us br\ght ab\t 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory & summ$ up 9 ! fate ( ! ,g]man ,empire1 is to be f\nd v fai?fully reflect$1 = anyone :o w\ld take ! tr\ble to exam9e & give ! _w a true & exact picture ( :at occurr$ 9 ! lead+ qu>t]s ( ,b]l9 9 ! la/ days ( ,july & #a/ ,augu/1 #aiad4 ,( ^! occurr5ces v little /ill is kn[n1 ei!r at home or abroad4 ,:oev] is acqua9t$ ) !m kn[s1 t ,g]man policy at t "t 0 a c>d-h\se policy1 t x _h rea*$ a dead-po9t 9 action2 s t ! :ole "q1 z to :e!r !re %\ld be a w>1 or h[ x %\ld beg91 0 inevitably made ov] to ! decision ( ! milit>y au?orities4 ,& ! responsible p among/ ! milit>y au?orities c\ld n1 f a milit>y po9t ( view1 act o!rwise ?an !y did act1 because f t po9t ( view1 ! situation c\ld only be reg>d$ z !y reg>d$ x2 = outside ! milit>y dep>tm5t ?+s _h got to a pass :]e no fur!r action 0 possible4 ,?is w\ld be a notori\s fact 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 if !re 7 any :o w\ld make x _! bus9ess to br+ to light :at w5t on 9 ,b]l9 at ! end ( ,july & on ! fir/ ( ,augu/1--9 p>ticul> on ,july #ca & ,augu/ #a4 ,p are /ill "u ! delusion1 t no?+ is to be ga9$ by a m9ute k ( ^! occurr5ces1 if "o kn[s ! previ\s ev5ts t l$ up to !m4 ,b x is k t mu/ n be %irk$1 if !re is to be any discussion ( ! "q ( blame1 z x is call$ to-day4 ,( c\rse1 !re are o!r ways ( arriv+ at ! causes1 :i* 7 already ( long /&+2 b a detail$ k ( ^! few days reveals ! way 9 :i* ^! causes act$4 ,! notions1 :i* at ! "t drove ,g]many's lead]s into w>1 cont9u$ _! baneful "w4 ,!y became ! mood ( a nation4 ,& ^! same notions prev5t$ ! p 9 p[] f acquir+ by ! bitt] exp]i5ces ( ! f9al t]rible ye>s t insight1 = want ( :i* ! trag$y _h come ab\t4 ,^! exp]i5ces might well h op5$ m5's eyes2 &1 9 ?is hope1 ! pres5t writ] took :at seem$ to him an opportune mom5t 9 ! w> calamity1 & did 8 be/ to br+ be=e v>i\s p]sonages ! ideas und]ly+ a heal?y social organism1 & ! political attitude t ^! entail t[>ds ! _w abroad4 ,he address$ himself to prom95t individuals1 ^: influ5ce at t "t might /ill h be5 ex]t$ to c>ry ^! social impulses into effect2 & v>i\s p]sons1 :o _h ! de/9y ( ! ,g]man p hone/ly at he>t1 took pa9s to ga9 admission = ^! ideas4 ,all t 0 said 0 9 va94 ,e old habit ( ?\ght 0 up 9 arms aga9/ social impulses ( ?is k9d1 :i* to a purely milit>y ca/ ( ?\ght appe>$ q impracticable1--some?+ = :i* !y _h no use at all4 ,! f>!/ !y c\ld get 03 ,sep>ation ( ,*ur* & ,s*ool1--yes1--!re 0 some?+ 9 t4 ,! ?\ghts ( ! /atesman-l ?9k]s _h be5 runn+ on l9es ( t sort = ye>s1 & w\ld n be turn$ into any direction involv+ dra/ic *ange4 ,well-mean+ p sugge/$ my publi%+ ^! proposals1--mo/ futile advise at t p>ticul> mom5t4 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! good ( ano!r treatise on ^! social impulses1 9 addition to all ! o!r curr5t lit]ature ( ! h\r1--& com+ f a private p]son too6 ,f ! v nature ( su* impulses1 !y c\ld1 at t "t1 only h c>ri$ weight ?r\gh ! qu>t] f :i* !y 7 pron\nc$4 ,_h a pron\ncem5t 9 fav\r ( ^! impulses be5 made f ! "r place1 ! peoples ( ,c5tral ,europe w\ld h recognis$ ! possibility ( realis+ some?+ t 0 9 sympa?y ) _! own m or less consci\s t5d5cies4 ,& ! peoples ( ! ,russian di/ricts1 ,ea/1 w\ld at t "t mo/ und\bt$ly h recognis$ 9 ^! social impulses a practical solution to ,cz>ism4 ,t !y c\ld & w\ld h recognis$ ! significance ( ^! impulses1 is beyond dispute = anyone able to p]ceive ! z yet unexhau/$ intellectual vig\r ( ! peoples ( ,ea/]n ,europe1 & h[ receptive _! m9ds are to heal?y social ideas4 ,h[ev]1 !re 0 no pron\ncem5t 9 fav\r ( ^! ideas2 &1 in/ead1 came ,bre/-,litovsk4 ,t milit>y ?9k+ c\ld d no?+ to av]t ! disa/] f ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,europe1 c\ld h be5 conceal$ f none b milit>i/ m9ds4 ,! cause ( ! ,g]man p's disa/] 01 t p w\ld n recognise t ! disa/] c\ld n be av]t$4 ,!y w\ld n face ! fact1 t 9 ^? qu>t]s1 :i* _h ! decid+ ( affairs1 !re 0 no s5se ( ! big1 hi/oric necessities4 ,anyone1 :o knew any?+ ( ^! hi/oric necessities1 also knew1 t ! ,engli%-speak+ races _h p]sons among/ !m1 :o 7 able to read ! =ces at "w among/ ! peoples ( ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,europe1 & t ^! p]sons 7 conv9c$1 t !re 0 some?+ work+ up 9 ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,europe :i* mu/ f9d v5t 9 trem5d\s social convulsions1--convulsions ( a sort = :i* !y believ$ !re to be no necessity nor occasion 9 ! ,engli%-speak+ regions4 ,!y fram$ _! own policy on ^! conclusions4 ,9 ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,europe no?+ 0 se5 ( all ?is1 & ! p !re %ap$ _! policy on l9es :i* br\ght ! :ole ?+ l a h\se ( c>ds ab\t _! e>s4 ,! only policy1 :i* c\ld h _h a solid f\ndation1 w\ld h be5 "o :i* recognis$1 t p 9 ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries 7 h&l+ ! =ces ( _w-hi/ory on l>ge l9es1 & ( c\rse1 naturally1 f ! ,engli% po9t ( view4 ,b to agitate 9 fav\r ( su* a policy w\ld h be5 reg>d$ z highly sup]flu\s1--especially by ! diplomati/s4 ,s1 in/ead ( adopt+ a policy1 :i* might h also h ensur$ ! prosp]ity ( ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,europe1--despite ! l>ge l9es ( ,engli% policy1--be=e ! w>-cata/rophe swept ov] ev]y?+1 ! lead]s /ill cont9u$ to run along ! famili> diplomatic rails4 ,&1 ev5 amid/ ! horrors ( w>1 bitt] exp]i5ce /ill fail$ to tea* !m1 :5 ! manife/o came f ,am]ica ann\nc+ ! _w's mission 9 political t]ms1 t x mu/ be met by ano!r & a diff]5t "o f ,europe1 born ( ! =ces ( ,europe h]self4 ,wilson _h ann\nc$ ! _w's mission f ! ,am]ican /&po9t4 ,europe's s5se ( h] mission w\ld h be5 he>d z a spiritual impulse above ! ro> ( ! guns4 ,betwe5 ! two x w\ld h be5 possible to effect an und]/&+4 ,all o!r talk ( mutual und]/&+ rang holl[ 9 face ( ! hi/oric necessities4 ,b ^?1 :om circum/ances br\ght to ! head ( affairs 9 ! ,g]man ,empire1 lack$ ! p]ception :i* c\ld make !m lay hold on ! se$s ( new gr[? 9 mod]n human life & embody !m 9 a compreh5sive aim4 ,&1 !re=e1 ! autumn ( #aiah c\ld br+ no?+ b :at x br\ght4 ,! collapse ( milit>y p[] 0 accompani$ by spiritual surr5d]4 ,9 ?is supreme h\r1 at lea/ !y might h r\s$ !mselves1 h s\ght /r5g? 9 ! w & purpose ( ,europe1 & made good ! spiritual =ces ( ! ,g]man p4 ,in/ead1 !y abdicat$ to ,wilson's ,f\rte5 ,po9ts4 ,wilson 0 confront$ by a ,g]many t _h no?+ to say on h] own acc\nt4 ,:atev] ,wilson may ?9k ab\t 8 own #ad po9ts1 he is nev]!less p[]less to help ,g]many except z ,g]many is will+4 ,he 0 b\nd to await a pron\ncem5t ( h] w4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! w> _h already demon/rat$ ! nullity ( ,g]man policy4 ,x 0 aga9 demon/rat$ 9 ,octob]1 #aiah4 ,s came t awful spiritual capitulation1 at ! h&s ( a man on :om numb]s 9 ,g]man l&s _h /ak$ z x 7 _! la/ hope4 ,want ( fai? 9 insight bas$ on ! =ces at "w ?r\gh hi/ory2--unwill+ness to seek /r5g? 9 impulses t proce$ f a p]ception ( spiritual facts3--,! /ate ( ,c5tral ,europe 0 due to ^! two ?+s4 ,& n[1 to-day1 ! circum/ances consequ5t on ! w>-cata/rophe h creat$ a new situation4 ,! idea t gives its /amp to ! new situation c be t ( ! social impulses ( mank9d1 z conceiv$ 9 ?is book4 ,^! social impulses speak a language1 t[>ds :i* ! :ole civilis$ _w has a responsibility4 ,has ?\ght sp5t itself1 & come to its dead-po9t be=e ! social "q z ,c5tral-,european policy did be=e ! problems ( #aiad8 ,"s c\ntries 7 able to /& alo( f ! po9ts t 7 !n at issue4 ,f ! social movem5t !y _c /& alo(4 ,?is is a "q t admits ( no political adv]s>ies & ( no neutrals4 ,"h1 !re mu/ be b "o human race work+ at "o common task1 will+ to read ! signs ( ! times & to act 9 accordance ) !m4 ,,notes #a ,beg9n+ ( ,april1 #aiai4 ,! au?or 9 ! foll[+ pages has delib]ately avoid$ conf9+ himself to ! t]ms 9 common use 9 /&>d treatises on political economy4 ,he kn[s q well ! places :i* a te*nical economi/ w pick out z be+ amateuri%4 ,b he has select$ 8 mode ( expression1 p>tly because he desires to address himself also to p]sons :o are n famili> ) ! lit]ature ( sociology & economics1 b *iefly1 because x is 8 op9ion1 t mo/ ( :at is peculi>ly te*nical 9 su* writ+s w be %ewn by a new age to be p>tial & defective1 ev5 9 ! v =m ( its expression4 ,x may also be ?\ght1 t "s ref]5ce %\ld h be5 made by ! au?or to o!r p]sons1 ^: social ideas be> an incid5tal resemblance to 8 own4 ,x mu/ h[ev] be rememb]$1 t 9 ! :ole conception "h put =w>d1--a conception :i* ! au?or believes he owes to long ye>s ( practical exp]i5ce1--! ess5tial po9t is n :e!r a p>ticul> ?\ght has tak5 ?is or t =m1 b :at "o takes z "o's />t+-gr\nd1 & ! road "o pursues 9 giv+ practical realisation to ! impulses :i* und]lie ?is conception4 ,z may be se5 f ,*apt] ,,iv1 ! au?or 0 already do+ :at he c\ld to get ^! ideas practically realis$1 at a "t :5 ideas t look 9 "s respect simil> _h z yet attract$ no att5tion4 #b ,an ,engli% translation ( ?is supplem5t>y volume is 9 prep>ation4 7,translator's note47 #c ,au?or's ,note4 ,= ! purposes ( life1 :at is want$ 9 an explanation is n def9itions drawn f !ory1 b ideas t give a picture ( a real live process4 ,z us$ 9 ?is s5se1 commodity d5otes some?+ t plays an actual "p 9 man's life & exp]i5ce4 ,any o!r concept ( x ei!r omits or adds to ?is1 & s fails to tally exactly ) :at really & truly goes on 9 life4 #d ,au?or's note4 ,x is q possible 9 life = a transaction n only to be int]pret$ unreally1 b also to take place unreally4 ,money & lab\r are n int]*angeable values1 b only money & ! products ( lab\r4 ,accord+ly1 if ,i give money = lab\r1 ,i am do+ some?+ t is unreal4 ,i am mak+ a %am transaction4 ,= 9 reality ,i c only give money = ! product ( lab\r4 #e ,au?or's ,note4 ,! rights ( ! matt] becomes ! axiomatic basis = all economic activity "u ?is relation ( lab\r to ! rights sy/em2 & ! associations w h to accept ^! z a giv5 premise 9 economic life4 ,:at ?is does1 h[ev]1 is to make economic organisation dep5d5t ^u man1 in/ead ( man be+ dep5d5t ^u ! sy/em ( economics4 #f ,au?or's ,note4 ,a s\nd proportion betwe5 ! prices ( made goods c only be a*iev$ 9 economic life z an outcome ( social adm9i/ration1 t spr+s up 9 ?is way f ! free co-op]ation ( ! ?ree bran*es ( ! body social4 ,! proportion betwe5 prices mu/ be su*1 t anyone work+ receives z c\nt]-value = :at he has produc$ s mu* z is necess>y to satisfy 8 total wants & ! wants ( ^? belong+ to him1 until he has aga9 turn$ out a product ( equival5t lab\r4 ,x is impossible to fix su* a price-relation (ficially 9 advance2 x mu/ come z ! resultant ( liv+ co-op]ation betwe5 ! associations actively at "w 9 ! body social4 ,prices w h[ev] c]ta9ly settle d[n into su* a normal relation%ip1 provid$ ! jo9t "w ( ! associations re/s on a heal?y co-op]ation betwe5 ! ?ree divisions ( social life4 ,"o may rely on ! result z securely z on hav+ a safe bridge1 :5 x is built accord+ to ! prop] laws ( ma!matics & me*anics4 ,x may be said1 t social life does n inv>iably obey its own laws1 l a bridge4 ,?is facile objection h[ev] w n be made by anyone able to recognise1 t x is prim>ily ! laws ( life1 & n ! laws ( ma!matics1 :i* all ?r\gh ?is book are conceiv$ z und]ly+ social life4 #g ,au?or's ,note4 ,x may be urg$1 t ! rights relations & ! economic relations =m "o indivisible :ole 9 actual reality4 ,?is h[ev] misses ! po9t ( :at is meant by ! ?reefold division4 ,( c\rse1 9 ! mutual int]c\rse & ex*ange t goes on betwe5 ! v>i\s social organisms1 tak5 z a collective process1 ! two diff]5t sorts ( relations1--betwe5 _! rights sy/ems & _! economic sy/ems1--"w toge!r z a s+le :ole4 ,b x is a diff]5t matt]1 :e!r "o makes rights regulations to suit ! requirem5ts ( economic int]c\rse1 or :e!r "o fir/ %apes !m by ! common s5se ( "r1 & !n takes ! comb9$ result1 :atev] x may be4 #h ,au?or's ,note4 ,"s p ?9k ^! ?+s ,utopias1 because !y fail to see t1 9 reality1 actual life itself is /ruggl+ t[>ds ! v k9d ( arrangem5t :i* seems to !m s ,utopian1 & t ! actual mis*ief go+ on 9 real life is due precisely to ! fact t ^! arrangem5ts are n[h]e to be f\nd4