,,! ,,psy*ology ,,& ,,p$agogy ,,( ,,ang] ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,copyright1 #aiah ,,by ,,w>wick ,,york1 ,inc4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,educational ,psy*ology ,monographs ,?is volume1 :i* is numb] #ai 9 ! s]ies1 0 edit$ by ,j4 ,c>leton ,bell ,,! ,,psy*ology ,,& ,,p$agogy ,,( ,,ang] ,by ,,roy ,,frankl9 ,,ri*>dson ,pr(essor ( ,education1 ,univ]sity ( ,ma9e ,,baltimore ,,w>wick ,,york1 ,,inc4 #aiah ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,cont5ts ,preface #c ,introduction #e ,,*apt] ,,"o ,m5tal ,situation ,/imulat+ ,ang] #aa ,,*apt] ,,two ,behavior ( ,consci\sness #ca ,,*apt] ,,?ree ,disappe>ance ( ,ang] #ec ,,*apt] ,,f\r ,consci\s ,aft]-,effects #fe ,,*apt] ,,five ,educational ,function #hc ,bibliography #ii ,index #ajc ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface ,! importance ( ! /udy ( ! emotions 9 relation to human conduct is well und]/ood4 ,j h[ consci\sness behaves "u ! influ5ce ( ! fundam5tal human emotions l fe> & ang]1 is "o ( vital int]e/ to ! psy*ologi/ & educator4 ,x has always be5 difficult to /udy ! /ructural side ( our emotions because ( an inability to control volunt>ily our emotions = purposes ( introspection4 ,! /ructure ( emotions is prim>ily important 9 s f> z /ructure may all[ an int]pretation ( function4 ,! /udy ( ! emotions has = ! mo/ "p be5 limit$ to !oretical discussions bas$ on ! obs]vations ( normal & abnormal p]sons & on ! casual introspection ( individual au?ors4 ,?is "w is an attempt to /udy sy/ematically ! emotion ( ang] 9 relation to ! behavior ( consci\sness1 ! ideas & feel+s associat$ 9 ! developm5t ( ang]1 ! reactive side ( consci\sness "u ! influ5ce ( ang]1 individual diff]5ces 9 behavior1 mann] ( ! disappe>ance & dim9ution ( ang]1 devices us$ 9 ! control & facilitation ( ! emotion1 & ! consci\s aft]-effects includ+ ! int]-relation ( ang] & o!r feel+s1 emotions & attitudes :i* foll[4 ,! education ( ! emotions 0 fir/ voic$ by ,ari/otle :o indicat$ t "o ( ! aims ( education %\ld be to tea* m5 to be angry aright4 ,! au?or is "u great obligations to ,presid5t ,g4 ,/anley ,hall1 = )\t 8 inspiration ! inve/igation w\ld nev] h be5 begun or complet$4 ,a numb] ( p]sons coop]at$ 9 ! /udy bo? by criticism & obs]vation ( emotional exp]i5ces4 ,! /udy w\ld n h be5 possible )\t ! k9dly co-op]ation ( ! foll[+3 ,pr(essor & ,mrs4 ,g4 ,e4 ,freel&1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,hamilton1 ,dr4 ,g4 ,e4 ,jones1 ,dr4 ,george ,biv91 ,dr4 ,frank ,e4 ,h[>d1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,sangor1 ,dr4 ,k4 ,k4 ,rob9son1 ,mr4 ,d4 ,i4 ,pope1 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,f4 ,ri*>dson1 ,dr4 ,e4 ,o4 ,f9k5b9d]1 ,dr4 ,raymond ,bellamy4 ,r4 ,f4 ,r4 ,univ]sity ( ,ma9e ,june #bj1 #aiag ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,introduction ,al?\gh ! emotions are recogniz$ z among ! mo/ important m5tal ph5om5a1 ex]t+ a m>k$ influ5ce on o!r m5tal processes1 !y h _h comp>atively little sy/ematic inve/igation4 ,we h our casual descriptions ( emotions 9 t]ms ( feel+s1 s5sations & physiological effects4 ,we h our !ories1 acc\nt+ = ! expression ( ! emotions1 & our !ories ( ! con/itu5ts ( ! emotive consci\sness4 ,! functional side ( emotions1 emphasiz+ ! behavior ( consci\sness1 has be5 = ! mo/ "p neglect$4 ,9 look+ ov] ! lit]ature on emotions1 "o is impress$ by its !oretical & op9ionat$ tr5d4 ,mu* ( x is bas$ on casual individual obs]vations4 ,att5tion has = ! mo/ "p be5 direct$ to ! mo/ int5se emotional exp]i5ces1 neglect+ ! small] emotions1 important z !y are 9 ! behavior ( consci\sness4 ,!n psy*ology has conc]n$ itself ) ! excit+ p]iod ( ! emotion1 disreg>d+ ! consci\sness prec$+ ! emotion & t aft] ! emotion has disappe>$4 ,f ! functional aspect ( emotions1 "s ( ! que/ions :i* invite /udy are z foll[s3 #a4 ! m5tal situation1 includ+ ! =e-p]iod f :i* ! emotion develops2 #b4 ! behavior ( consci\sness dur+ ! p]iod ! emotion exi/s2 #c4 ! mann] ( disappe>ance & dim9ution ( ! emotion2 #d4 ! effect 9 consci\sness aft] ! emotion has disappe>$2 #e4 individual diff]5ces 9 emotional life4 ,! /atem5t ( ,wundt 7#ba7 & ,klpe 7#ad7 conc]n+ volunt>y action1 t its m]e p]iod ( duration is b a small "p ( its psy*ological significance1 may well be said ( emotions4 ,wundt sugge/s ! close relation betwe5 ! emotion & volitional action4 ,a volitional process t passes into an ext]nal act1 he def9es z an emotion :i* closes ) a 8pantomimetic0 movem5t4 ,a* 7#a71 9 8 exp]im5ts ) ! w1 di/+ui%es 9 ea* exp]im5t a =e1 mid & aft] p]iod4 ,9 our emotional exp]i5ces1 x is true to a m>k$ degree t we are pr$ispos$ & pr$et]m9$ to a specific emotional excitem5t by tempor>y or p]man5t dispositions & attitudes4 ,,me?ods4 ,! me?od 9 ! pres5t /udy has be5 to obs]ve ang] introspectively z x appe>s 9 e-day life4 ,t5 graduate /ud5ts ( ,cl>k ,univ]sity & two p]sons outside ( ! ,univ]sity volunte]$ to obs]ve _! emotions = a p]iod ( at lea/ ?ree mon?s & report to ! writ] ea* day f ! notes ( _! introspections4 ,^! p]sons 7 ask$ to obs]ve all in/ances ( ang] & fe> no matt] h[ m9ute4 ,only ang] w be us$ 9 ! pres5t /udy4 ,!y 7 ask$ to obs]ve ! consci\s =e-p]iod be=e ! emotion beg9s1 ! developm5t ( ! emotion1 ! disappe>ance1 ! dim9ution & ! consci\sness aft] ! emotion has disappe>$1 :i* is recogniz$ z hav+ be5 influ5c$ by ! emotion4 ,hi/orically1 ?ree me?ods h be5 us$ 9 /udy+ ! emotions4 ,casual individual introspection is ! e>lie/ & is consequ5tly ! basis = mo/ ( ! lit]ature4 ,ba9 7#b7 & ,ribot 7#af7 7 among ! fir/ to employ ?is me?od ext5sively4 ,obs]vations ( ! behavior ( normal & abnormal p]sons h giv5 "s results4 ,! que/ionnaire me?od us$ by ,dr4 ,hall 7#aa7 has %[n ! wide range ( objective reactions & objects ( ang]4 ,bo? ang] & fe> are deep root$ psy*ic /rata4 ,introspections reveal motives ( selfi%1 unsocial & unlawful "*1 spr++ f a level l[] ?an ! social man4 ,all obs]v]s h be5 q frank 9 giv+ ! full introspections1 ev5 :5 _! mo/ private & p]sonal matt]s 7 conc]n$4 ,:]e illu/rative mat]ial is us$ x has be5 necess>y to remove ! p]sonal elem5t1 z 9 _m in/ances1 o!rs besides ! obs]v] 7 conc]n$4 ,?is revision has be5 ! "w ( ! writ]4 ,! ess5tial psy*ological factor is un*ang$ & ! words ( ! obs]v]s are us$ z ne>ly z possible4 ,! twelve p]sons w be call$ by ! fir/ twelve lett]s ( ! alphabet1 & o!r p]sons nam$ 9 ! introspections w be call$ ,x4 ,y4 & ,z4 ,t5 ( ! obs]v]s 7 graduate m5 /ud5ts ( psy*ology4 ,sev5 ( ^! _h _h consid]able exp]i5ce 9 introspection "u controll$ laboratory conditions4 ,mo/ ( ! illu/rative data w be tak5 f ! obs]vations ( ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,d4 ,e4 ,f4 & ,g4 :o are ! mo/ exp]i5c$ obs]v]s4 ,no apology is (f]$ = ?is /udy because ( ! uncontroll$ conditions ( introspection4 ,emotions are involunt>y processes & consequ5tly d n l5d !mselves to volunt>y control necess>y = laboratory te*nique4 ,! emotion spr+s f an antec$5t complex comb9$ ) a pres5t idea4 ,! fact t ang] does n develop f a s+le exp]i5ce b is a pr$et]m9$ consci\sness usually cumulative 9 "*1 makes volunt>y orig9 difficult4 ,ev5 :5 ! individual is aw>e ( ! antec$5t :i* t5ds to give rise to ang]1 ! volunt>y comb9ation ) a pres5t idea is unsuccessful4 ,a fur!r difficulty 9 introspection is ! t5d5cy ( ! emotion to disappe> z a result ( ! act ( introspection4 ,x occurs frequ5tly 9 ! data t a fur!r developm5t ( ! emotion is entirely cut (f by introspection4 ,h[ev]1 att5tion to ! situation giv+ rise to ang] frequ5tly re9/ates ! emotion1 if ! feel+ backgr\nd is int5se en\gh4 ,x 0 necess>y to in/ruct ! obs]v]s to all[ _! emotions to run _! usual c\rse & note ! facts ( behavior at conv5i5t times4 ,! purpose ( ?is /udy is to inve/igate ! behavior ( consci\sness 9 ! developm5t1 expression & disappe>ance ( ang]4 ,! obs]v]s 7 ask$ to direct _! obs]vation especially to ! behavior side ( consci\sness4 ,x is believ$1 t reg>dless ( ! necess>y uncontroll$ conditions ( introspection1 t a sy/ematic obs]vation ( bo? mild & int5se exp]i5ces ( ang] by a numb] ( obs]v]s ov] an ext5d$ p]iod ( "t w add to a bett] compreh5sion ( ! functional "* ( ?is "o ( ! fundam5tal emotions4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,"o ,,m5tal ,,situation ,,/imulat+ ,,ang] ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,pr(essor ,tit*5] 7#ai7 /ates conc]n+ emotions 9 g5]al ?ree ess5tial factors = _! =mation4 ,fir/1 a s]ies ( ideas %all be int]rupt$ by a vivid feel+2 second1 ! feel+ %all mirror a situation or incid5t 9 ! outside _w2 & ?ird1 ! feel+ %all be enri*$ by organic s5sations creat$ by ! c\rse ( bodily adju/m5t to ! situation4 ,x has be5 well agre$ f casual introspection t ! /imulus to an emotion is a total m5tal situation or pr$icam5t4 ,x is evid5tly necess>y 9 ! psy*ology ( ! emotions t ea* emotion %\ld be /udi$ 9 connection ) its pr$et]m9+ m5tal situation giv+ rise to x4 ,ang] because ( its sl[ness to develop1 l5ds itself m readily to a /udy ( ! situation f :i* x arises1 ?an "s o!r emotions4 ,x is well kn[n t !re is little con/ancy 9 ! outside situation1 associat$ ) ! emotion ( ang]4 ,:at "o w take z an insult1 ano!r w reg>d z a joke4 ,) ! same individual1 :at w at "o "t excite ang]1 w at ano!r be sc>cely notic$4 ,we commonly say1 ref]r+ to "s incid5t1 8,!re 0 no?+ = him to be angry ab\t10 & ! /atem5t may be correct if ! outside situation is view$ z ! /imulus to ! emotion4 ,) ! insane & hy/]ical1 an obs]v] is (t5 baffl$ by ! app>5tly h>mless idea t w excite ang]4 ,! fact is1 ! situation /imulat+ ang] is a psy*ic "o4 ,we fail 9 view+ our emotional life 9 ! same mann] z we d 9 obs]v+ our s5sations4 ,:atev] ! outside conditions1 x is ! psy*ic situation z only a p>tial reflection ( outside conditions1 t is ( prim>y importance4 ,a few in/ances ( ! curr5t views ( ! situation excit+ ang] may be giv54 ,:at may be call$ a g5etic view is illu/rat$ 9 ,mc,dougall's 7#ae7 /atem5t1 8,! condition ( its 7ang]7 excitem5t is r any opposition to ! free ex]cise ( any impulse1 any ob/ruction to ! activity to :i* ! creature is impell$ by any "o ( ! o!r in/9cts40 ,dewey 7#f7 9 8 conception ( in/9cts has po9t$ out t we are n angry :5 we are fight+ successfully4 ,only :5 ! pugnaci\s in/9ct is imp$$ does emotion arise4 ,an introspective view may be tak5 f ,ba9 7#b71 8,:5 we h suff]$ h>m at ! h&s ( ano!r1 x leaves a /+ 9 ! violation ( ! sanctity ( our feel+s4 ,?is pre-supposes a s5tim5t ( self reg>d+ pride1 ! pres5ce ( :i* gives rise to ! be/ develop$ =m ( ang]40 ,david ,irons 7#ab71 :o did "s ke5 "w 9 ! analysis ( ! emotions1 does n qualify 8 /atem5t t ang] appe>s only :5 we feel t we h be5 injur$4 ,f ! pa?ological side1 ,fr 7#g7 & ,magnan 7#aa7 h describ$ sl[ accumulation ( ang] 9 p>anoiacs1 :i* seems to re-en=ce ! casual introspective view /at$ above4 ,^! insane p]sons fir/ believe !y are p]secut$4 ,!y suspect all ab\t !m4 ,ev5 _! v be/ fri5ds are try+ to injure _! bus9ess or reputation4 ,gradually reaction>y impulses beg9 & !y !mselves become ! p]secutors & conc]n !mselves ) ! bus9ess ( rev5ge4 ,!y f9d gratification 9 e sort ( angry outbur/1--insult1 abuse1 ?reat1 murd]\s attack1 irony1 witticism1 etc4 ,! same view has be5 advanc$ by ,/e9metz 7#ah7 9 ! obs]vation ( ! behavior ( primitive p4 ,he holds t rev5ge is ess5tially root$ 9 ! feel+ ( p[] & sup]iority4 ,x arises ^u ! exp]i5ce ( injury & its aim is to enhance self-feel+1 :i* has be5 l[]$ by ! injury suff]$4 ,! next few pages w be devot$ to an exam9ation ( ! m5tal situations f :i* ang] develops z f\nd 9 ! results ( ! introspections4 ,ab\t six hundr$ introspections f ! v>i\s obs]v]s h be5 us$ = ?is /udy4 ,feel+s ( ,irritation4 ,"o ( ! *>act]i/ic m5tal situations f :i* ang] arises is t connect$ ) feel+s ( irritation4 ,^! feel+s are describ$ z unpleasant n]v\s t5sion ) a t5d5cy to motor activity4 ,aw>5ess ( ! feel+ may be pres5t :ile att5tion is direct$ else:]e4 ,x may or may n be ref]r$ to any p>ticul> incid5t4 ,c4--8,x is a sort ( diffus$ unpleasant consci\sness t ?+s 9 g5]al are go+ wrong40 ,irritation 9 connection ) pa9 or illness is a condition f :i* ang] may develop4 ,f ?is a trivial incid5t may give rise to ang]4 ,a note f ,e4's records says1 8,i _h a sev]e heada*e to-day & felt irritable4 ,:5 ,x4 w\ld try to sympa?ize ) me1 ! irritation w\ld increase & ,i t5d$ to be angry40 ,g1 :o has relatively few emotions ( ang]1 introspect$ ^u t5 cases ( ang]1 aris+ f a =e-p]iod ( irritation dur+ a day's illness4 ,subject ,i4 /ates ) ref]5ce to pa91 8,:ile ! pa9 0 on ,i felt z ?\gh ,i want$ to be angry at somebody or some?+1 ,x4 spoke to me & at once ,i 0 angry40 ,feel+s ( irritation may increase1 gradually1 accompany+ ! increas$ int5sity ( pa94 ,a4 /ates1 8,irritabl5ess at ! fir/ beg9n+ ( ! pa9 increas$ to int5se ang] at ! mom5t ! pa9 0 mo/ sev]e4 ,!re 0 a /rong motor t5sion 9 ! h&s & face muscles ) ! impulse to look ab\t1 vaguely aw>e t ,i 0 try+ to f9d some?+ to ref] ! ang] to4444 ,a decrease ( ! pa9 0 accompani$ by a decrease ( ! ang] to a feel+ ( irritation aga940 ,feel+s ( irritation foll[ z a result ( ! ?w>t+ ( "s desire or m5tal attitude & are consequ5tly pr$et]m9$ by ! attitude ( ! mom5t4 ,f ?is1 ang] develops = ! mo/ "p1 z a result ( a s]ies ( /imuli1 :i* h a cumulative effect4 ,ea* ?w>t+ ( ! impulse int5sifies ! irritation until ang] is develop$4 ,"o or two failures may /imulate unpleasant feel+s1 :i* at ! "t are ignor$2 b ) an increase ( ! numb] ( /imuli1 !re is an accumulative effect 9 :i* ! aw>5ess ( ! previ\s failures becomes m int5se ?an at ! mom5t :5 !y occurr$4 ,! foll[+ f ,b4's obs]vations w illu/rate1 8,i 0 writ+ a lett] to an important p]sonage & 0 mak+ special ef=t to write x neatly4 ,i made an error & felt unpleasantly irritat$4 ,/ill feel+ q unpleasant1 ,i turn$ to look = my eras] & c\ld n f9d x4 ,i look$ 9 sev]al places4 ,ea* failure 0 foll[$ by a sudd5 increase 9 int5sity ( unpleasant feel+s40 ,f9ally ,b4 f\nd himself us+ defamatory language prolifically1 giv+ expression to a r well develop$ case ( ang]4 ,"o is usually aw>e 9 ang] ( ?is type1 t ! emotion is ! cumulative effect ( a numb] ( previ\s /imuli4 ,x appe>s f ! reports1 t if ! m5tal pr$isposition is int5se en\gh1 "o or two failures may suffice to excite ang]4 ,9 g5]al ! /rong] ! pr$isposition1 ! less numb] ( failures is requir$ be=e ang] is fully develop$4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic ( ! feel+ ( irritation is its indef9ite objective ref]5ce4 ,x may n ref] def9itely to any object at fir/4 ,! t5d5cy is usually pres5t to ref] x to "s object or p]son1 reg>dless ( ! real cause ( ! feel+4 ,e4 /ates1 8,i felt ,i want$ to get angry at somebody or some?+ & ,i did n c>e mu* :at40 ,:ile x is common ) all ! p]sons /udi$1 to be irritat$ & bur/ out angrily at objects1 ! t5d5cy to transf] ! ang] f objects :i* may be ! real objective cause to un(f5d+ p]sons1 is a matt] 9 :i* !re is a wide individual diff]5ce4 ,c4 :5 irritat$ by objects1 f9ds a p>tial relief if he c lay ! blame on "s p]son & take an imag9>y v5t aga9/ him4 ,he /ates1 8,i h be5 cross & gr\*y all day2 #8felt out' ) ev]ybody4 ,sev]al times ! association ( ,x4 & ,y4 came up ) a little ris+ ang] & an attitude t !y 7 someh[ to be blam$4 ,i 0 aw>e t !y 7 n to be blam$1 b at times ,i w\ld f9d myself ignor+ ?is & tak+ pleasure 9 criticis+ !m adv]sely40 ,?is t5d5cy to p]sonify ! s\rce ( ang] is illu/rat$ 9 ano!r incid5t f ,c4 ,he lo/ 8 umbrella4 ,he look$ = x 9 sev]al places ) an increas$ feel+ ( irritation2 foll[+ a l9e ( o!r associations1 he imag9$ ,z41 a p]son :om he dislikes1 walk+ (f ) x4 ,he says1 8,all ?is 0 mildly pleasant4 ,i 0 sc>cely aw>e h[ improbable x 0 t ,z4 _h tak5 x1 till ! act ( introspect+ on ! emotion4 ,i really want$ to believe t he _h tak5 x40 ,! p]sonal objective ref]5ce to some:at suppress$ feel+s ( irritation frequ5tly facilitates ! sudd5 developm5t ( ! emotion4 ,! t5d5cy to ref] ! ang] to "s innoc5t p]son1 ignor+ = ! mom5t ! real facts & =gett+ "o's s5se ( ju/ice = ! "t be+1 is a matt] 9 :i* !re are m>k$ individual diff]5ces 9 ! subjects /udi$4 ,x is a common *>act]i/ic ( ! initial /age ( ang]1 t al?\gh !re is an aw>5ess t ! emotion is due to a s]ies ( irritat+ /imuli1 ! entire situation excit+ ! ang] is ignor$ & ! ang] is ref]r$ to "s p]son1 frequ5tly "o rec5tly associat$ 9 "t4 ,?us objectifi$1 ang] seems to f9d a m ready expression4 ,ang] is m successfully develop$ f a =e-p]iod ( irritation if ! pres5t pr$icam5t is 9 any way associat$ ) a p]son or situation aga9/ :i* !re is already an emotional disposition ( dislike4 ,a feel+ ( pleasurable satisfaction is (t5 report$ to foll[ ! successful expression ( ang] aft] feel+s ( irritation4 ,ang] ) a =e-p]iod ( irritation is common ) all ! subjects /udi$1 b ! mann] 9 :i* ! ang] arises f ^! feel+s is a matt] ( wide individual diff]5ce4 ,!y all get angry at objects :5 !y act z h9drances4 ,) ,b4 & ,c41 :o live alone1 ?is t5d5cy is m m>k$4 ,) all ! p]sons /udi$1 ang] ) a =e-p]iod ( irritation occurs m frequ5tly aga9/ objects & situations ?an aga9/ p]sons4 ,:5 p]sons are involv$ 9 ang] ( ?is type1 !y are usually ^? ) :om !re is close intimacy or ) s]vants & *ildr54 ,! s5tim5t ( ju/ice may facilitate ! developm5t ( ang] aris+ f feel+s ( irritation4 ,irritable feel+s may m readily develop into ang] if a situation is associat$ 9 :i* fairness & ju/ice are violat$1 al?\gh ! po9t ( ju/ice may be f> remov$ f ! actual cause ( ! irritation4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( irritation1 !re is frequ5tly a little m s5sitiv5ess to inju/ice if ! idea ( unfairness c facilitate 9 ! objective ref]5ce to ! emotion4 ,! foll[+ in/ance w illu/rate4 ,a4 0 walk+ along ! /reet at night 9 an irritable /ate ( m9d 9 connection ) a s]ies ( incid5ts j pa/4 ,9 ?is /ate ( m9d he came to a place :]e a new h\se 0 be+ built & ! build]s _h left an accumulation ( dirt on ! sidewalk4 ,:5 x ra9$1 ! wat] w\ld collect mak+ ! walk bad4 ,he _h previ\sly not$ t !y _h made en\gh progress ) ! build+ t x 0 unnecess>y to leave ! dirt on ! walk4 8,on ?is occasion10 he /ates1 8,i n[ become q indignant1 & sudd5ly f\nd myself 9 imag9ation telephon+ ! /reet commission] 9 an angry attitude & tone ( voice1 tell+ him ab\t ! dirt & :]e ! h\se 0 locat$1 & end+ ) ! s5t5ce1 #8,x is an outrage to tax pay]s4'0 ,b ?is did n fully satisfy 8 res5tm5t4 ,he imag9$ himself ! next day walk+ up to ! ov]se] ( ! con/ruction gang & assum+ a r indignant air1 tell+ him among o!r ?+s t ! way he _h left ! walk 0 an outrage to ! public4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! s5se ( ju/ice may be ignor$ = ! "t if x does n aid expression4 ,9 "s extreme cases ! subject may assume a make-believe attitude & trump up reasons to suit 8 own ends reg>dless ( ! facts4 ,! t5d5cy is /rong to give "s ju/ifiable expression to ! pres5t m5tal pr$icam5t4 ,9 su* cases reason s]ves ! purpose ( feel+4 ,all o!r m5tal processes may become subs]vi5t to ! ris+ indignation till ! po9t ( ang] is rea*$1 b ) ! expression ( ang]1 ! illusion ( fairness usually disappe>s4 ,! behavior t seem$ s comm5dable :ile angry may excite %ame or regret aft] ! emotion has be5 v5t$4 ,negative ,self-feel+4 ,a second *>act]i/ic m5tal situation f :i* ang] arises1 is t connect$ ) negative self-feel+2 ! self-feel+ has be5 l[]$ & ang] foll[s4 ,9 ! obs]vation ( all ! obs]v]s1 x appe>s at times 9 ! initial /age ( ang]4 ,:atev] outside situation occasions l[]$ self-feel+ may indirectly give rise to ang]4 ,& j z !re are feel+s ( irritation1 :i* d n pass into ang]1 s !re are negative self-feel+s :i* are n foll[$ by ang]4 ,9 ! description ( ?is feel+1 x appe>s 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! ang] t foll[s4 ,z to "t1 x may la/ b a mom5t be=e ang] arises4 ,9 o!r in/ances ! feel+ ( humiliation may be r prolong$ or repeat$ be=e ang] arises4 ,! feel+ is describ$ z unpleasant1 z a lack ( motor t5sion1 a feel+ l %r9k+ up1 an impulse to get away1 a confus$ inco-ord9at$ /ate ( m9d4 ,a r wide vocabul>y ref]r+ to self & ! feel+ side ( exp]i5ce is us$ by ! subjects to designate ?is feel+ 9 colloquial language4 ,examples ( su* phrases f ! obs]vations are z foll[s3--8,i felt sat on10 8,0 humiliat$10 8,felt ineffici5t10 8,felt impos$ ^u10 8,felt /epp$ on10 8,a feel+ ( self depreciation10 8,felt (f5d$10 8,a feel+ ( subjection10 8,felt z if he ?\ght ,i 7 no good10 8,felt worri$10 8,felt z if he 7 hitt+ at me10 8,felt t :at he said reflect$ on my ability10 8,disappo9t$ 9 myself10 8,felt a%am$10 8,my feel+s 7 w\nd$10 8,felt t t 0 insult add$ to injury10 8,felt slight$10 8,feel+ ( abasem5t10 8,i 0 emb>rass$10 8,felt z if ,i _h be5 caught ) ! goods on40 ,unlike ! feel+ ( irritation1 negative self-feel+ has a m def9ite ref]5ce to ! outside situation & = ! mo/ "p ref]s to p]sons4 ,x w be not$ t ! orig9 ( ang] f ! m5tal situation ( l[]$ self-feel+1 & t f a condition ( irritable feel+s1 comes ab\t by q diff]5t processes4 ,! latt] is rea*$ by an increas$ complexity till ! ang] po9t is sudd5ly atta9$4 ,9 ! =m] case ! ang] comes ab\t z a r sudd5 reaction f a /ate ( consci\sness t is 9 m>k$ contra/ to ang]4 ,notes f ! reports w illu/rate ?is *>act]i/ic4 ,b4 _h made "s errors at a public meet+4 ,x4 9 a spee* jok+ly call$ att5tion to ! errors4 ,at fir/ ,b4 0 confus$ & felt a little worri$ & emb>rass$4 ,9 a few mom5ts he f\nd himself mildly angry at ,x4 & 0 plann+ to retaliate4 ,b4 /ates t 8 ang] did n ref] to ! fact t he _h made ! error1 b to ,x4 :o _h humiliat$ him by call+ public att5tion to x4 ,f4 w5t to get a *eck ca%$ & 0 refus$4 ,he /ates1 8,i felt belittl$ & became indignant z ,i walk$ away4444 ,) ! appe>ance ( ! imag]y ( ano!r p]son gett+ 8 *eck ca%$ ! day be=e1 ,i became q angry40 ,he adds t he 0 n angry because ( ! failure to get ! *eck ca%$1 b because ( ! discrim9ation aga9/ himself4 ,! ang] ref]r$ to ! ca%i]4 ,! idea t he 0 act+ accord+ to rules & n p]sonally responsible1 appe>$1 b 0 ignor$ by a recall ( ! imag]y ( ! o!r p]son gett+ 8 *eck ca%$4 ,negative self-feel+ appe>s r sudd5ly )\t any def9ite consci\s =e-p]iod ( its own4 ,x is a /ate ( consci\sness pr$et]m9$ by pleasurable feel+s ( self reg>d4 ,9 tak+ ! report ( ,c4's emotions "o ev5+1 !re 0 f\nd to be an unusual numb]4 ,he _h be5 usually obs]v+ f "o to f\r emotions ea* day1 ) occasionally a day hav+ no exp]i5ces ( ang]4 ,on ?is p>ticul> day he _h obs]v$ & tak5 notes on twelve r /rongly develop$ cases ( ang]4 ,an inquiry into ! cause %[$ no?+ except t he _h felt extra well all day & _h turn$ (f m ?an ! usual am\nt ( "w4 ,?is 0 a di/urb+ situation 9 connection ) evid5ce t _h previ\sly be5 collect$ f ,g4 & ,d4 ,^! two p]sons h few emotions ( ang] & h gone ov] a week ) no exp]i5ce ( ang]4 ,on ,decemb] #d?1 ,d4 took obs]vations on f\r cases ( ang]4 ,on inquiry x 0 f\nd t he _h be5 ill & n slept ! night be=e4 ,g4 on ! two days t he 0 ill introspect$ on t5 cases ( ang]4 ,an exam9ation ( ,g4's & ,d4's reports indicate a =e-p]iod ( irritable feel+s or a lack ( imm$iate consci\s =e-p]iod4 ,9 none ( ^! cases 0 !re any indication ( l[]$ self-feel+ 9 ! =e-p]iod ( ! emotion1 :ile ) ea* ( ! introspections ( ,c4 on ! day he felt extra well & report$ on ! unusual numb] ( twelve cases1 !re 0 a =e-p]iod ( negative self-feel+4 ,) ,a4 on ! days :5 he feels be/1 !re is an increase 9 ! numb] ( cases ( ang] ) an initial l[]$ self- feel+4 ,su* evid5ces z we h1 indicate t ang] ) a =e-p]iod ( negative self-feel+ occurs mo/ readily :5 ! s5tim5t ( self-reg>d is active1--on ! days :5 ! p]son is well pleas$ ) himself4 ,x is true t ! play ( ?is s5tim5t only appe>s 9 consci\sness1 :5 x has be5 int]f]$ ) or enhanc$4 ,x makes up an ess5tial m5tal pr$isposition 9 connection ) ! situation /imulat+ ang]4 ,! foll[+ note f ,c4's obs]vations w illu/rate4 ,c4 met ,x4 & spoke to him2 ,x4 paid no att5tion4 ,c4 /ates1 8,= a mom5t ,i felt humiliat$4444 ,i said to myself1 #8,he does n "k my importance4'0 ,c4 !n became q angry ?9k+ cutt+ rem>ks ab\t ,x4 & end+ ! emotion by f9d+ an excuse = ,x4's n see+ him4 ,any rem>k1 sugge/ion1 *ance association1 x may be1 attitude ( ano!r or incid5t1 :i* 9 any way l[]s ! s5tim5t ( self-respect may /imulate ang]4 ,9 ?is reg>d !re is a wide individual diff]5ce ) ! p]sons /udi$ & ) ! same p]son at diff]5t times4 ,a trivial incid5t may l[] ! play ( ! self-reg>d+ s5tim5t & consequ5tly give rise to ang]1 :ile at o!r times a direct ?ru/ at "o's honor may be ignor$4 ,! p]sonality ( ! (f5d]1 8 social & intellectual /&+1 8 g5]al demeanor & attitude1 play an important "p 9 ! entire emotional situation1 b at times p]sonality is ignor$ & a 8*ip is c>ri$ on ! %\ld]0 = ! *ance pass]-by4 ,x appe>s 9 ! results t ! ang] ( ! p]son :o is n 9 au?ority aga9/ ! "o :o is1 or ! ang] ( ! man l[] d[n aga9/ ! "o high] up1 usually has a =e-p]iod ( negative self-feel+4 ,a m5tal disposition t[>d ! "o 9 p[] 9 addition to ! s5tim5t ( self-reg>d1 is a pr$et]m9+ m5tal situation 9 excit+ l[]$ self-feel+ & consequ5tly ang]4 ,! mo/ int5se in/ances ( ang] t ,c41 ,d4 & ,e4 exp]i5c$ 7 aga9/ p]sons 9 p[]4 ,d4--8,i 0 aw>e !y 7 9 au?ority & 7 tak+ advantage ( x to run u out4 ,i felt a little humiliat$ b n angry z ,i left ! room4 ,x occurr$ to me !y 7 r small 9 usurp+ ! place40 ,a little lat] ,d4 became q angry & c>ri$ on 9 imag9ation a r ext5sive v]bal combat ) ! usurp]s 9 :i* he came out victor4 ,e4 /ates 9 8 obs]vation1 8,if ,x4 _h be5 an ord9>y man1 ,i w\ld n h giv5 ! occasion a second ?\ght4 ,b be+ v high up 444 ,i 0 incl9$ to take less (f ( him ?an ^? ,i consid] z n kn[+ bett]40 ,on ! o!r h& a c]ta9 m5tal disposition t[>d ! p]son l[] d[n 9 connection ) ! self-reg>d+ s5tim5t may be a precondition ( ang]4 ,too great famili>ity f an inf]ior may mom5t>ily l[] ! self-reg>d+ s5tim5t to 8 level & 9 consequ5ce excite ang]2 we d n res5t a slap on ! back by "o :om we admire or recognize z our sup]ior1 b we d f our inf]ior4 ,! same act f ! "o may height5 our self-respect :ile f ! o!r x is l[]$4 ,d4 reports a case ( ang] :5 he 0 9 a cr[d4 ,a boy kept purposely /epp+ on 8 heels4 ,he /ates1 8,i 0 n hurt b he act$ too famili> = a boy "u ! circum/ances4 ,i took 8 attitude z a p]sonal matt] & felt a little humiliat$40 ,a4 report+ a case ( ang] /imulat$ by a p]son :om he holds 9 l[ e/eem1 says1 8,x 0 n :at ,x4 did s mu*1 b x 0 8 famili> confid5tial attitude be=e o!rs t emb>rass$ me40 ,x appe>s frequ5tly 9 ! obs]vations t x is n :at is done or said1 s mu* z x is ! attitude ( ! p]son1 t is s (f5sive4 ,a too positive & aggressive action1 a too great display ( wisdom1 a too famili> or condesc5d+ demeanor1 may be ! ess5tial elem5t 9 ! /imulus to ang]4 ,! foll[+ phrases are not$ by ! diff]5t subjects z be+ an important "p ( ! situation /imulat+ ang] ( ! type n[ be+ treat$4 ,c4--8,i res5t$ 8 too dignifi$ air m ?an any?+ else40 ,g4--8,:at ang]$ me mo/ 0 8 condesc5d+ attitude z if he knew x all40 ,i4--8,he act$ too wise & ,i 0 aw>e he 0 try+ to "l x ov] u4 ,t 0 ! mo/ (f5sive "p40 ,h4--8,he sat & />$ at me z if he ?\ght ,i didn't "k :at ,i 0 talk+ ab\t40 ,f4--8,he took on a wise air imply+ t he _h already pass$ ?r\gh ! /age 9 :i* ,i n[ 040 ,e4--8,x 0 n 8 /atem5t s mu* z x 0 8 r spiteful attitude t ang]$ me40 ,a4--8,x 0 n :at he said4 ,x 0 8 haughty air & little condesc5d+ laugh 9 dismiss+ ! matt] t rang 9 my e>s40 ,:ile 9 ! pres5ce ( a situation t l[]s self-feel+1 ev5 ?\gh p]sons may n be connect$ ) ! situation1 x is a common *>act]i/ic to ref] ! ang] to "s p]son4 ,! b\nds ( ju/ice may be1 = ! mom5t1 ov]/epp$4 ,! dim aw>5ess ) "s1 t ! p]son is n to be blam$1 is ignor$ = ! "t1 :ile ! t5d5cy is /ronge/ 9 consci\sness to give expression to ! emotion4 ,! individual diff]5ces "h are q m>k$4 ,g4 app>5tly has develop$ a habit ( ref]r+ 8 ang] to a pr9ciple1 ignor+ ! p]sonality4 ,9 _m ( 8 obs]vations1 p]sons 7 connect$ ) a situation1 b 7 neglect$ 9 8 att5tion to ! pr9ciple violat$4 ,a bus9ess man _h told him an untru? caus+ him difficulty4 ,g4 /ates1 8,i 0 n angry at ! man4 ,t 0 8 way ( do+ bus9ess40 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 emotional exp]i5ce1 8 ang] became r int5se1 ref]r+ to ! bus9ess e?ics practic$4 ,! degree 9 :i* ! s5se ( ju/ice is ignor$ "u ! influ5ce ( ang] ( ?is type is also a matt] ( wide individual diff]5ce4 ,9 ! obs]vations collect$1 ang] at "o's self appe>s q frequ5tly4 ,!re h be5 no cases f\nd1 9 :i* ang] at "o's self develops purely f a =e-p]iod ( irritation4 ,! subject takes ! matt] to himself & feels a little humiliat$ & degrad$ & may react aga9/ 8 own p]sonality 9 ! same mann] t he w\ld aga9/ ano!r4 ,two obs]v]s1 ,b4 & ,g41 q frequ5tly get angry at !mselves4 ,a4 reports t ?is sort ( ang] r>ely occurs ) him4 ,g4 obs]ves ! foll[+ case4 ,aft] he _h be5 repeat$ly humiliat$ by 8 own failure1 he says1 8,i felt z if ,i 7 s ineffici5t4 ,i said to myself1 #8,if ,i _h a man work+ = me & he %\ld d "w 9 t mann] ,i w\ld dis*>ge him4'0 ,g4 !n cont9u$ to talk to himself l ano!r p]son 9 r sev]e condemnatory language4 ,b4 0 read+ a book4 ,he c\ld n und]/& ! au?or's demon/ration4 ,he _h made sev]al trials at x4 ,he /ates1 8,i felt z if ,i mu/ be /upid1 someh[2 !re 0 a slight feel+ ( worry & dejection4 ,! idea ( my /upidity 0 foll[$ by ang] at myself = be+ s /upid4 ,i cl9*$ my fi/s & ?rew my arms 9 angry demon/ration1 feel+ z if ,i w\ld l to pummel myself4 ,i w5t ov] ! demon/ration aga9 ) an attitude ( c>efulness & f9ally conclud$ t x 0 ! au?or :o 0 hazy in/ead ( myself4 ,i slamm$ ! book d[n on ! table & broke =? angrily1 #8,y1 ,x41 are ! "o :o is /upid1 y don't make x cle>4' ,?is ang] at ! au?or 0 r pleasant 9 quality4 ,i felt a sort ( triumph ov] him40 ,ano!r situation q common 9 ! orig9 ( ang] ) a =e-p]iod ( l[]$ self-feel+1 is its appe>ance at times ) great] int5sity aft] ! actual outside /imulus is pass$4 ,"o becomes m angry 9 recall+ aft]w>d :at 0 said1 ?an he 0 at ! "t ( ! (f5se4 ,?is belat$ orig9 ( ang] appe>s 9 ! obs]vations ( all ! subjects /udi$4 ,x may be not$ t ang] ) a =e-p]iod ( irritation does n appe> 9 ?is ret>d$ mann]4 ,9 ! recall ( an incid5t 9 imag9ation1 ang] may become q int5se2 :ile x may be at ! "t ( ! incid5t1 !re 0 no aw>5ess ( any t5d5cy to ang]4 ,mild ang] at ! "t ( ! initial /imulus may become int5sifi$ 9 its recall4 ,9 su* cases !re 0 evid5tly "s elem5t lack+ 9 ! m5tal situation /imulat+ ang]4 ,an (f5sive /atem5t 9 ! heat ( an irascible discussion may be ignor$4 ,a r sev]e ?ru/ may seem prop]1 b :5 recall$ 9 connection ) ano!r m5tal situation1 ! emotional cont5t may be entirely *ang$4 ,x4 9 ! c\rse ( an argum5t ) ,e4 impli$1 8,y nev] w "k z mu* ab\t ! subject "u discussion z ,y40 8,at ! "t ,i not$ 8 /atem5t & 0 aw>e t x 0 a ?ru/ at myself1 b ,i _h no feel+ ab\t ! matt] !n4 ,i consid]$ t ,i 0 produc+ ! bett] argum5t1 & 8 p]sonal ?ru/ ,i 0 aw>e 0 an admission on 8 "p t he knew ,i 04 ,to-day ,i recall$ 8 /atem5t & felt degrad$ & angry40 ,!n ,c4 proce$$ to plan a s]ies ( cutt+ rem>ks t he w\ld l to tell ,x4 ,9 "s in/ances ! pres5ce ( a too active aggressive attitude at ! "t ( ! /imulus seems to pr$ispose aga9/ a too easy l[]+ ( self-e/eem1 & consequ5tly ang] ) a =e-p]iod ( negative self-feel+ does n appe>4 ,b let "o mom5t>ily lose fai? 9 8 po9t ( view or fail 9 words to express x1 & he becomes m s5sitive to ! ?ru/s ( 8 oppon5t's argum5t4 ,ano!r factor p>tly acc\nts = ! great] emotional int5sity ( ! recall$ incid5t4 ,! conv5tional control ( emotions dur+ social contact may be relax$ dur+ ! memory recall4 ,! same e?ical /&>d is n requir$ = "o's private ?9k+ z 9 actual contact ) o!rs4 ,9 ?is respect !re is r wide individual diff]5ce ) ! subjects /udi$4 ,?\gh 9 g5]al ) p]sons ( r int5se emotions1 !re is a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! e?ical /&>d !y practice1 :5 ! incid5t is pres5t to consci\sness1 & ! /&>d us$ :5 ! ang] occurs f ! imag$ situation2 ) all p]sons /udi$ at times dur+ _! mo/ int5se ang] emotions1 ! imag9ative reaction is f> m crude & une?ical1 & consequ5tly ! imag$ ang] may be m int5se4 ,a ?ird factor may be involv$ "h4 ,a p]sonal ?ru/ may be p>tly ignor$ at ! "t )\t l[]$ dignity because x is giv5 ) a smile or a fri5dly attitude1 b :5 recall$ lat]1 ! fri5dl9ess may be neglect$ & consequ5tly ang] is m int5se4 ,a f\r? condition t p>tly acc\nts = m int5se ang] 9 ! imag$ situation1 is t ! ang] consci\sness ( ?is type is usually cumulative4 ,) an entirely novel exp]i5ce1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( resi/ance mu/ be brok5 d[n be=e ! emotion develops4 ,! emotion seems to develop by a cumulative process ?r\gh a s]ies ( /imuli4 ,"o p]sonal ?ru/ 9 a situation 9 :i* !re is involv$ no previ\s emotional excitem5t1 may be ignor$ or ! humiliation may be borne at ! "t ) no ang] reactions2 b :5 x is repeat$ "o or m times "u simil> circum/ances1 !re is pres5t a *>act]i/ic m5tal situation = ! developm5t ( ang]4 ,! repeat$ occurr5ce ( ! incid5t 9 ! imag9ation int5sifies ! feel+s till ang] becomes fully develop$4 ,e4's obs]vations w illu/rate4 8,dur+ ! argum5t ) ,x41 ,i 0 9 spl5did humor1 enjoy+ myself to ! fulle/ & naturally suppos$ ev]ybody 040 ,ref]r+ to a /atem5t made by ,x4 dur+ ! argum5t1 ,e4 /ates1 8,! gl[ ( ! conflict _h n entirely dep>t$ :5 ,i began to see 8 /atem5t 9 an entirely new light z reflect+ on myself1 !n ,i felt some:at di/ress$ & ov]come to a slight degree1 by a feel+ ( abasem5t b no res5tm5t aga9/ ,x4 ,! next day at t5 o'clock ,i 0 recall+ ! ev5ts ( ! argum5t4 ,!re 0 /ill a feel+ ( abasem5t b n[ x /irr$ me to ang]4 ,i f\nd myself go+ ov] x & ?9k+ :at ,i might h said1 & :at ,i w\ld say ! next "t40 ,ang] ,)\t an ,imm$iate ,feel+ ,=e-p]iod4 ,?is /udy 0 begun t5tatively ) ! view held by ,wundt 7#ba7 t ea* emotion ( ang] has an imm$iate feel+ =e-p]iod4 ,! /udy _h n progress$ f> till ?is view _h to be ab&on$4 ,x e>ly appe>$ 9 ! obs]vations t ang] may beg9 r sudd5ly ) no initial feel+ =e-p]iod1 :i* ! obs]v] is able to f9d4 ,! subject reports t he sudd5ly f9ds himself 9 ! mid/ ( an emotion ( ang] be=e he is sc>cely aw>e ( x1 & is giv+ v]bal & motor expressions usually accompany+ su* emotions4 ,9 _m ( ! emotions ( ?is type !re is evid5ce 9 ! obs]vations t ! emotion ref]s to a previ\s emotional exp]i5ce4 ,f ! m5tal disposition left ov] f ! previ\s emotion1 ! emotion sudd5ly em]ges )\t pass+ ?r\gh ! cumulative process t is necess>y ) an entirely novel emotional exp]i5ce4 ,9 o!r words ! way has previ\sly be5 brok5 s t x is n necess>y to break d[n ! same am\nt ( resi/ance4 ,a4 obs]ves1 8,sitt+ 9 my room1 ,i imag$ ,x4 ,at once ,i 0 angry1 motor expression n m>k$ at fir/4 ,x4 0 imag$ 9 a r positive & demon/rative attitude :i* he sometimes takes4 ,i f\nd myself ) q a good deal ( motor activity say+ 9 voco-motor fa%ion z if talk+ to ,x4----,i 0 p>tly aw>e ( ?ree =m] disagreem5ts ) ,x41 ! imag]y ( ! circum/ances ( ! la/ "o 0 mo/ cle>ly def9$4 ,i imag9$ ,x4 a little humbl$ by my rem>k4 ,! emotional exp]i5ce f ! fir/ 0 pleasant4 ,i felt a little victori\s 9 ! imag9>y act ( deal+ a tell+ ?ru/40 ,) all p]sons /udi$1 !re is evid5ce ( a previ\sly develop$ m5tal disposition aga9/ c]ta9 p]sons & aga9/ c]ta9 pr9ciples :i* all[s ! ang] po9t to be rea*$ 9 a %ort cut fa%ion4 ,ang] is easily atta9$ )\t ! initial feel+ ei!r ( irritation or l[]$ self-feel+4 ,ang] t rises f ?is situation is usually pleasant 9 quality4 ,! m5tal disposition :i* is connect$ ) ?is sudd5 orig9 ( ang] may be pres5t dur+ ! lat] recall ( ! emotion4 ,x is also %[n by ! frequ5t re-occurr5ce t ! same situation may repeat$ly give rise to ang]4 ,b4 has a r /rongly develop$ s5tim5t aga9/ m9i/]s :o prea* :at !y d n believe2 ,g4 aga9/ p]sons :o d _! "w c>elessly1 especially manufactur]s :o s5d out goods ( inf]ior quality4 ,i4 has a m>k$ s5tim5t aga9/ acts ( cruelty 9 ! treatm5t ( animals4 ,d4 reacts r vigor\sly aga9/ p]sons :o are disloyal to fri5d%ip4 ,^! s5tim5ts g back to e>ly exp]i5ces 9 ! life ( ! individuals4 ,b4 9 talk+ ) ,x4 direct$ ! conv]sation to m9i/]s :o prea* :at !y really d n believe4 ,he took ,dr4 ,y4 z an example4 ,he _h previ\sly se5 ,dr4 ,y4 dr9k+ be] ) ! boys & _h res5t$ 8 behavior4 ,he began to vitup]ate to ,x4 aga9/ ,y41 giv+ in/ances & tell+ 8 op9ion r vigor\sly ab\t su* m5 :o h a d\ble p]sonality4 8,be=e ,i 0 sc>cely aw>e ( x1 ,i 0 9 ! mid/ ( motor & v]bal expressions ( righte\s indignation4 ,i enjoy$ x all v mu*4 ,i always take delight 9 mak+ myself angry ) m9i/]s ( ?is sort40 ,b4 has report$ o!r in/ances ( 8 ang] aga9/ m9i/]s ( ?is type4 ,a case f ,i4 w illu/rate fur!r4 8,i _h ! same recurr+ ang] = ?ree weeks4 ,a deliv]y boy :o passes ab\t ! same "t ea* day goes by :ipp+ & abus+ 8 horse4 ,ang] arises ea* "t ! incid5t occurs4 ,! sight made me pleasantly indignant4 ,i h ! image ( an old ,g]man1 liv+ ne> my home z a *ild1 :o treat$ 8 horse s cruelly4 ,! idea ( telephon+ to ! police occurs to me1 b ! boy goes on & ! idea is ab&on$40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,two ,,behavior ,,( ,,consci\sness ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,wundt 7#ba7 has po9t$ out t !re are two types ( reaction to an emotion1 :at he calls out] & inn] volitional acts4 ,! fir/ ref]s to ! ext]nal bodily expression ( an emotion & ! latt] to ! m5tal behavior4 ,9 ! /udy ( ! emotions1 att5tion has = ! mo/ "p be5 direct$ to ! =m]4 ,d>w9's /udy ( ! emotions 9 man & animals1 e>ly call$ att5tion to ! f9] physical expressions ( ea* emotion1 expla9+ !m z in/9ctive habits :i* 7 =m]ly useful4 ,d>w9's /udy p>tly pav$ ! way = ! ,james-,lange !ory1 :i* ma9ta9s t :at we exp]i5ce z an emotion is b ! s5sation ( ! in/9ctive physical expression4 ,! aim ( ?is *apt] is to /udy ! m5tal behavior dur+ ! consci\s p]iod ! ang] exi/s4 ,x is recogniz$ t ! motor & physical expressions is prim>y & fundam5tal4 ,= t reason x has s]v$ s adequately 9 ! objective /udy ( ! emotion4 ,:at we %all attempt to /udy is ! m5tal behavior ( p]sons "u ! influ5ce ( ang]4 ,e?ics tells u h[ we ought to act :5 angry1 b psy*ology has neglect$ to f9d out h[ 9 reality consci\sness does behave :5 ! emotional excitem5t is on4 ,david ,iron's 7#ab7 /atem5t is /ill apropos4 ,he writes1 8,! neglect ( ! reactive side ( human consci\sness is n[h]e m conspicu\s ?an 9 ! case ( ! emotions40 ,! ang] consci\sness is *>act]iz$ by height5$ m5tal activity4 ,a multiple numb] ( images1 attitudes1 fluctuations ( ! emotional & feel+ cont5t appe> 9 rapid succession till ! emotion disappe>s4 ,?is /atem5t is true = ev5 ! m t5u\s in/ances ( ang]4 ,9 fact "s ( ! mild] exp]i5ces h ! mo/ m>k$ *angeabl5ess ( consci\s cont5t4 ,objectively !re may be little activity1 :ile simultane\sly on ! m5tal side1 !re is a weal? ( processes :i* mu/ be consid]$ 9 ! psy*ology ( ! emotions4 ,aft] mak+ a r m9ute collection ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( m5tal reaction to ang]1 z %[n by ! introspections1 x is obs]v$ t !y fall into ?ree r cle> types ( consci\s behavior4 ,! fir/ type is 9 ! g5]al direction ( ! emotive t5d5cy & is ! "o t mo/ impulsively foll[s on ! /imulus ( ! emotion4 ,x expresses pugnacity 9 "s =m4 ,?is type ( reaction expresses a t5d5cy simil> to ! basal in/9ct ( ! emotion ( ang]1 su* z ?9k+ cutt+ rem>ks1 imag9+ ! (f5d]'s humiliation1 ho/ile witticism1 jok+ & s>casm4 ,?is type ( a reaction w be call$ attributive reaction4 ,a second type is contr>y to pugnacity2 ! in/9ctive impulse is rev]s$4 ,a fri5dly attitude may be assum$ t[>d ! (f5d]1 an adequate excuse x f\nd = 8 (f5se1 an ov] polite attitude may be tak54 ,?is type ( behavior w be call$ ! contr>y reaction4 ,a ?ird type is "o t is entirely ( a consci\s attitud9al "*4 ,! subject becomes indiff]5t to ! :ole situation excit+ ! emotion4 ,! (f5se may sudd5ly be apa!tically ignor$ & ! subject behaves unconc]n$ & assumes an 8,i don't c>e10 or a 8,:at-is-!-use0 attitude4 ,?is w be call$ indiff]5t reaction4 ,^! ?ree types ( behavior are *>act]i/ic ( ! reactive consci\sness to ang]4 ,! emotion may conta9 "o1 or x may conta9 all ?ree ( ^! types be=e x f9ally ends4 ,go+ ov] ! results ( ! obs]vations ( all ! subjects1 ab\t f\rte5 hundr$ sixty eight reactions are c\nt$ 9 ! six hundr$ cases ( ang] /udi$4 ,sev5ty "o p]c5t ( su* reactions are classifi$ z attributive reaction1 eighte5 p]c5t are ! contr>y type1 & elev5 p]c5t are ! indiff]5t4 ,! initial reaction to ang] is always ( ! attributive type4 ,:atev] o!r reactions may foll[ 9 ! c\rse ( ! entire ang] p]iod1 ! attributive reaction 9 "s =m is *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly /age ( ! emotion4 ,! contr>y & indiff]5t types are second>y 9 po9t ( "t & occur aft] ! initial ho/ile t5d5cies h be5 re/ra9$4 ,if an emotion ( ang] is made up entirely ( ! attributive type1 :i* frequ5tly occurs1 & cont9ues = any l5g? ( "t1 x is always not$ t "s ( ! reactions are m crude & unsocial & o!rs are ref9$1 disguis$ x may be1 cov]$ up1 & :5 ! emotion is mo/ int5se :e!r x be 9 ! initial /age or else:]e1 ! unsocial attributive t5d5cies are usually f\nd at ^? places4 ,,attributive ,,reaction ,! ang] consci\sness 9 its developm5t1 especially 9 its initial /age is *>act]iz$ by re/ra9t4 ,! subject is aw>e ( ho/ile unlawful impulses t mu/ be controll$4 ,its initial /age is usually report$ z unpleasant4 ,! second *>act]i/ic ( ! ang] consci\sness is reaction ( "s sort4 ,:at takes place on ! m5tal side1 is along ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance = ! mom5t4 ,m5tal life is r v]satile 9 provid+ subjective reaction to ang]4 ,motor & visual imag]y play an important role involv+ less5$ resi/ance4 ,a ?ird *>act]i/ic ( ! ang] consci\sness is :at ! ,g]mans call 8,v]s*iebung40 ,! emotive t5d5cy is inhibit$4 ,a sub/itution foll[s = ! t5d5cies re/ra9$4 ,x may be purely subjective or only p>tly subjective4 ,b ! subject 9 ! obs]vation ( 8 ang] is fully aw>e t he w\ld behave 9 "s m dra/ic fa%ion if ! re/ra9t 7 (f4 ,sub/itution ( ,visual & ,motor ,imag]y4 ,) ! subjects /udi$ !re occurr$ no real pugnaci\s attack 9 :i* bl[s 7 /ruck except ) ^? p]sons :o h ! correction ( *ildr52 !re are also b few real qu>rels report$4 ,b ! v]satility ( consci\sness 9 sub/itut+ & provid+ m]ely m5tal reaction = o!r ho/ile t5d5cies t ! subject really wi%$ fulfill$ is q /rik+4 ,visual & motor imag]y may take ! place ( t5d5cies :i* are inhibit$ & all[ a successful expression4 ,an obs]vation f ,a4 w illu/rate4 8,i f\nd myself say+ cutt+ rem>ks z if speak+ directly to ,x41 & ,i plann$ a c\rse ( behavior t[>d him t ,i consid]$ w\ld humiliate him4 ,i f9ally end$ by imag9+ myself kick+ him d[n ! /reet1 tell+ him ,i want$ no m to d ) him4 ,! imag]y ( ?is act 0 pleasant4 ,i felt victori\s4 ,x4 0 imag9$ z p5it5t40 ,! imag]y ( ! pugnaci\s attack 9 "s =m is a q common *>act]i/ic ( ! m5tal reaction to ang]4 ,x occurs aft] a p]iod ( re/ra9t :5 !re seems no?+ else to be done2 imag9ation & fancy appe> at su* a crisis & assume ! role ( a surrogate = ho/ile t5d5cies1 :i* ! subject has controll$4 ,! aw>5ess ( ! direct end ( ! initial t5d5cy ( ! ang] may be pres5t 9 consci\sness or ! aim may be indef9ite4 ,subject ,i4 obs]ves1 8,i felt z if ,i want$ to say some?+ or d some?+ at once t w\ld get ev5 ) ,x4 ,! ?+ to d 0 vague1 b ! impulse to d some?+ 9 a ho/ile mann] 0 /rong40 ,! aim ( behavior may be r def9itely =m$ 9 ! e>ly /age ( ! ang] consci\sness z soon z ! irascible feel+s are def9itely ref]r$ to "s object4 ,an illu/ration f ,a4 foll[s3--8,! impulse to take ,x4 7a *ild7 & %ake him1 0 /rong on ! fir/ /imulus ( ! emotion2 suppress+ ?is ,i spoke crossly to him1 at ! same "t !re appe>$ motor imag]y ( my hold+ him ) bo? h&s & %ak+ him40 ,ano!r in/ance f ! same subject3 8,i _h an impulse to puni% ,x41 re/ra9t 0 imm$iately foll[$ by a motor & visual imag]y ( ! act ( puni%m5t40 ,subject ,c4 obs]ves1 8,! fir/ impulse 0 to kick ,x41 ! re/ra9t 0 accompani$ by motor images ( kick+ him1 foll[$ by ! image ( 8 be+ hurt 9 ! face40 ,e4 /ates1 8,i felt z if ,i w\ld l to %ake him & imag9$ myself do+ x40 ,g4 develop$ a case ( ang] f a s]ies ( irritat+ /imuli4 ,describ+ 8 ang]1 he says1 8,i felt l ,i want$ to bite or hit some?+40 ,b4 reports a case :5 he _h be5 humiliat$ by "s boys along ! /reet4 ,! t5d5cy to ang] at ! "t 0 controll$1 b z he pass$ on1 ! emotion arose ) great] int5sity4 8,i imag9$ myself beat+ "o ( ! boys1 ,i gave him sev]al good pun*es2 he _h no %[ at all4 ,i came out victor & 0 enjoy+ x all40 ,"o ( ! _m sorts ( m5tal reactions t ,h4 reports to a case ( ang] t ext5d$ ov] ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 is1 8,i imag9$ myself *>g+ at him & 8 look+ fright5$ at my behavior40 ,sub/itution ( ,irascible ,play4 ,! imag9$ fight & victory take ! place ( t5d5cies :i* w\ld h a m objective expression4 ,ano!r sort ( sub/itution ( ! initially re/ra9$ emotional reaction1 is fir/ to less5 ! re/ra9t by inhibition & react 9 "s less crude mann] 9 a slightly disguis$ =m1 :i* gives a feel+ ( satisfaction 9 inn] victory & at ! same "t lacks ! objective ho/ility4 ,a4 felt humiliat$ because ( ,x4's rem>k 9 ! pres5ce ( o!rs4 8,res5t+ 8 famili>ity1 ,i w5t out ( my way to pass him2 ,i grabb$ 8 arm & gave x a trem5d\s grip1 at ! same "t ,i smil$ playfully4 ,i really aim$ to hurt him & 0 fully aw>e t ,i wi%$ to hurt him worse ?an ,i did4 ,:at ,i did 0 m]ely a sub/itution1 b n[ t ! act 0 ov]1 ,i felt fully satisfi$ & pleas$ ) :at ,i _h done40 ,! playful attack is a r common sort ( reaction to res5tm5t ) obs]v]s ,a41 ,c4 & ,d4 ,d4 obs]ves1 8,i 0 angry at ,x4 & 0 try+ to control myself2 sudd5ly ,i grabb$ him & pun*$ him sev]al times 9 ! ribs1 at ! same "t ,i smil$4 ,i did n want him or ! o!rs to "k ,i 0 angry4 ,i enjoy$ pummell+ him1 z ,i felt ,i _h demon/rat$ to him t ,i c\ld h&le him40 ,9 su* obs]vations ! subject's aw>5ess t :at he does 9 a playful fa%ion is b a sub/itution ( :at he w\ld l to d 9 ano!r mann]1 is significant4 ,?is sort ( aw>5ess seems to be ignor$ 9 ! e-day exp]i5ce ( our emotional life4 ,att5tion is direct$ to ! reaction2 we involunt>ily seek a place ( less5$ resi/ance1 b ! act ( introspection all[s ! subject to be m cle>ly aw>e ( ! inhibit$ reaction & ! sub/itut$ expression :i* foll[s4 ,sub/itution ( ,imag9>y ,invective & ,cutt+ ,rem>ks4 ,! vocal expression ( ang] is "o ( prim>y significance4 ,swe>+1 grumbl+1 invective1 qu>rell+1 int]jectional obloquy1 etc41 are v common signs ( ang]4 ,! results w\ld v /rongly sugge/ t ang] r>ely1 if ev]1 occurs )\t its vocal expression 9 "s mann]1 if n by direct vocalization ei!r by inn] spee* or voco-motor imag]y4 ,introspection ( slight emotions or ang] la/+ mom5t>ily1 %[ z _! mo/ m>k$ s5sation1 "o ( tight5+ ( ! ?roat muscles4 ,defamatory language or mild swe>+ is common ) all ! subjects /udi$ :ile 9 ! privacy ( _! own rooms :5 ! re/ra9t is (f4 ,! expression ( ! vocal cords is "o ( ! mo/ successful v5ts4 ,b4 0 in/ruct$ to ab&on himself to vigor\s invective & int]jectional obloquy :5 ! emotion fir/ began & note ! result4 ,he foll[$ ^! in/ructions on ?ree occasions :5 ! emotion f ! beg9n+ 0 unpleasant1 develop+ f a =e-p]iod ( irritation4 ,) ?is sort ( volunt>y vigor\s vocal expression1 ! ang] soon pass$ into r pleasurable excitem5t4 ,! reaction to ang] 9 its initial /age may be a vocal t5d5cy to express "o's ang]1 ref]r+ ! emotion directly to "s p]son or to an object4 ,:5 ! re/ra9t is on1 ei!r f motives ( dec5cy or ! abs5ce ( ! (f5d]1 ! ?9k+ ( cutt+ rem>ks may be sub/itut$ = ! actual v]bal attack4 ,! subject is aw>e t :at he says to himself he w\ld l to say to ! (f5d]4 ,me?ods ( proc$ure are elaborately plann$ = a future v]bal attack1 j :at he expects to say & wants to say1 h[ he w say x1 ! inflection ( ! voice1 ! emphasis ( words & dramatic attitude4 ,he may imag9e ! effect ( ! attack on 8 oppon5t1 ! latt] may talk back4 ,! imag9$ v]bal combat is usually a "o-sid$ affair & ends 9 victory = ! subject4 ,dra/ic rem>ks & ! mo/ cutt+ s>casms are plann$ at times by ! subjects /udi$4 ,h[ev] !re are wide individual diff]5ces :i* _c be ref]r$ entirely to ! diff]5ce 9 int5sity ( ! emotional life4 ,habit app>5tly plays an important role4 ,d4 felt t he _h be5 impos$ ^u by ,x4 & ,y4 ,aft] ! humiliat+ incid5t _h pass$1 ,d4 sudd5ly f\nd himself 9 ! mid/ ( an ang] reaction4 8,i f\nd myself hav+ a v]bal combat ) !m4 ,i imag9$ ,i 0 tell+ ,x41 #8,i %\ld ?9k x co/s b little to act l a g5tleman1 b ,i presume ?is is an illu/ration ( y\r piggi%ness4' ,!n ,i imag9$ ,y4 beg9n+ to talk4 ,j :at he 0 say+ 0 n cle>1 b ,i 0 aw>e t he 0 help+ ,x4 ,i int]rupt$ by tell+ him1 #8,i und]/& y are f ---- & ( c\rse ,i c't expect any?+ bett] ( y4' ,!y began to talk back sev]al times1 b ,i got ! bett] ( !m & felt pleas$ ab\t x40 ,! cutt+ rem>ks are at times crude & abusive4 ,! subject may swe> at ! (f5d]4 ,p]sons :o d n swe> 9 actual life frequ5tly d 9 imag9ation4 ,9 su* imag9ative v]bal attacks ! (f5d]'s bad qualities are display$ be=e him1 at o!r times ! same subject may resort to imag]y1 s>casm1 witticism or jok+ ( a ho/ile nature4 ,! motivation seems to be to imag9e rem>ks t w\ld humiliate ! (f5d]4 ,! visual imag]y ( ! a/oni%$ humble oppon5t is usual 9 ^! imag9>y attacks4 ,crude & abusive rem>ks may at times seem entirely appropriate2 at o!rs1 s>casm & irascible jok+ seem m adequate4 ,s>casm usually develops r sl[ly ) a p]iod ( re/ra9t prec$+ x1 unless x is ready made = ! occasion4 ,:5 ! fitt+ s>ca/ic rem>k is f\nd1 x is usually accompani$ by pleasantness 9 "s degree4 ,f4 obs]ves1 8,i c\ld get no imag9ative rem>k t w\ld suit me at fir/1 b aft] ! emotion appe>$ sev]al times 9 succession ,i sudd5ly discov]$ "o & f\nd myself say+ x ov] & ov] aga94 ,x r pleas$ me1 ,i practic$ x to get ! "r inflection & emphasis t ,i desir$40 ,! imag9ative cutt+ rem>k may be 9 ! second p]son z if address$ directly to ! (f5d]1 especially :5 ! emotion is int5se4 ,x may be 9 ! ?ird p]son ab\t ! (f5d]1 8 unfavorable qualities are recall$ ) no plan or int5tion ( repeat+ 8 rem>ks to him4 ,! contemplation ( 8 unwor?9ess is accompani$ by an agreeable feel+4 ,b4 became righte\sly indignant at ,x4 because ( an incid5t ( ung5tlemanly conduct t[>d a fri5d4 ,he obs]ves1 8,a mom5t lat] 7t is aft] ! fir/ in/ance ( ang]7 ,i imag9$ myself 9 my alcove 9 ! ,libr>y1 & imag9$ "s o!r p]son1 ,i did n "k1 :o came 9 & said to me1 #8,:at d y ?9k ( ,x8' ,i repli$ ) a good deal ( pleasurable indignation1 #8,i ?9k he is a damn$ ass4' ,?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r lat] z ,i 0 walk+ along ! /reet1 ! emotion arose aga91 & ,i imag9$ "s "o ask+ ! same "q1 ,i repli$ ! same z be=e ) a l feel+ ( pleasure4 ,i really want$ "s "o to ask me :at ,i ?\ght ( ,x40 ,! subject may be aw>e t :at he says to & ab\t ! oppon5t is a little unfair1 b at ! "t t ! emotion is progress+1 he ignores x & wants to believe ill ( ! (f5d]4 ,! results ( ?is /udy abundantly %[ t a make-believe attitude plays an important role 9 ! ang] consci\sness1 9 bo? ! developm5t ( ! ang] & ! reactive consci\sness4 ,x is believ$ mom5t>ily1 :5 ! ang] is mo/ int5se1 t ! (f5d] is really a bad man4 ,paus+ = introspection 9 ! mid/ ( su* emotional reaction1 x is frequ5tly report$1 8,i knew v well ,i w\ld say no?+ ( ! sort & t ,x4 0 n s bad z ,i believ$ him40 ,:ile ! emotion is mo/ int5se1 ill reports ab\t ! (f5d] :i* 7 previ\sly ignor$ are n[ believ$ & assum$ z true1 & satisfaction is d]iv$ by degrad+ ! be/ qualities ( ! (f5d]1 by believ+ /ories ( ill repute1 by suspect+ or imag9+ evil ( him4 ,! degree 9 :i* ?is t5d5cy is pres5t1 dep5ds p>tly on ! int5sity ( ! emotion1 & evid5tly 9 "p on ! individual habits ( reaction to ang]4 ,! *ronic irascible gossip] is evid5tly a *>act]i/ic type ( p]son :o has specializ$ 9 ?is mode ( reaction to ang]4 ,sub/itutions by ,witticism & ,irony4 ,witticism1 s>casm1 irony1 teas+ & jok+ make up a l>ge class ( vocal & imag9al reactions :i* may take ! place ( ! initially re/ra9$ emotional t5d5cy4 ,! crude rem>ks1 trans=m$ into wit or fitt+ s>casm1 ov]come ! consci\sness re/ra9t t 0 initially pres5t 9 ! emotion & less5 resi/ance4 ,x is accompani$ by a pleasant feel+ & may be ke5ly delightful4 ,a ?ru/ 9 a half s]i\s tone accompani$ by a smile1 ! je/ & ho/ile joke foll[ a /ate ( m9d *>act]iz$ by re/ra9t4 ,9 ! obs]vations ( ! subjects /udi$ !re is evid5ce support+ ,freud's 7#h7 !ory ( wit4 ,:at he calls 8t5d5cy wit02 t is1 wit ) a def9ite aim has two divisions1 ! ho/ile joke & ! obsc5e joke4 ,! fir/ is a reaction to irascible ang] & ! latt] to ! sexual emotions4 ,! introspection ( ! reactive /age ( ang] consci\sness %[s ! ,freudian me*anism = 8t5d5cy wit40 ,! foll[+ case w illu/rate a crude k9d ( wit4 ,h4 ^: husb& _h /ay$ out late at night became angry foll[+ a p]iod ( worry4 ,fluctuat+ int5sities ( ang] & p]iods ( worry la/$ ov] an h\r4 ,aft] a numb] ( reactions su* z plann+ v]bal attacks2 recall+ 8 ?\ghtless behavior at o!r times2 cry+1 assum+ an attitude ( self-pity2 devis+ "s means ( mak+ him sorry2 at times try+ to assume ! attitude t x 0 no use to be angry2 tak+ obs]vations ( ! emotion at a numb] ( places1 motivat$ by a wi% t h] husb& w\ld see ! results & feel sorry2 imag9+ h]self go+ to him & talk+ r abusively4 ,f9ally %e f\nd a rem>k t gave ! ke5e/ pleasure ( all4 8,i imag9$ myself say+1 #8,petty de>1 y h be5 out pretty late tonight4'0 ,?is 0 a cond5s$ veil$ /atem5t express+ ab\t all %e w\ld l to say4 8,petty0 is a "* portray$ 9 a curr5t illu/rat$ newspap] z be+ mean to 8 wife & fl>+ up angrily at e little incid5t4 ,! "* ( 8,petty0 0 fully und]/ood by h] husb&4 ,! crude ho/ile reaction 0 foll[$ by a r cond5s$ acute rem>k2 x 0 report$ z pleasant1 8because x seem$ s fitt+40 ,c4 9 a discussion ) ,x4 became angry & gives ! foll[+ obs]vation1 8,i not$ ,i 0 gett+ angry & want$ to say some?+ ho/ile1 b in/ead ,i turn$ away sudd5ly & laugh$1 say+ 9 a jok+1 half-s]i\s mann]1 #8,oh y old bottle head1 y don't "k any?+4' ,al?\gh ,i laugh$1 ,i really meant x4 ,t gave complete satisfaction4 ,he laugh$ too40 ,let u illu/rate fur!r4 ,a41 ) f\r o!rs1 0 walk+ along ! /reet1 com+ f a cl9ic at ! hospital1 :]e a case ( flight ( ideas _h j be5 obs]v$4 ,x41 "o ( ! p>ty1 0 talk+ 9 a mann] t seem$ to ,a4 a little sup]flu\s4 ,he res5t$ 8 attitude1 & turn+ he said to ,x4 9 a jok+ mann]1 8,:at did y say8 ,! malady mu/ be cat*+10 7ref]r+ to ! case obs]v$74 ,x4 retort$1 8,i nev] h any fix$ ideas40 ,a4 repli$1 8,no1 !y d fly away pretty fa/40 ,a4 obs]v$1 8,i felt pleas$ & victori\s ) my rem>k1 my res5tm5t 0 entirely gone & ,i ent]$ into conv]sation ) ,x4 9 a fri5dly mann]40 ,witticism is "o ( ! m ref9$ modes ( sub/itution = ! m directly ho/ile attack4 ,s>casm is crud]4 ,its me*anism dep5ds = ! mo/ "p ^u ! inflection & tone ( voice 9 speak+4 ,! words !mselves 9 s>casm are innoc5t en\gh1 b ! mode ( expression & ! mean+ involv$ are ! s\rces ( ho/ility4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t repres5t s>ca/ic rem>ks4 ,a4--8,i ?9k ,i w come ar\nd to y\r ,club10 emphasis on ! ^w 8y\r40 ,a4--aga91 8,y surely mu/ be "r10 emphasis on 8surely40 ,j4--8,y are n ! boss1 !n80--emphasis on 8n10 ) a little sne] & an accompany+ laugh4 ,s>casm is a r *eap & easy reaction to ang]4 ,x is consequ5tly m easily atta9$ ?an wit4 ,! p]iod ( consci\s re/ra9t prec$+ s>casm is usually less1 unless ! witticism is already made = ! occasion4 ,its feel+ effect is also n s pleasant z ( wit4 ,at times s>casm may be comb9$ ) r crude wit1 b wit ( a m ref9$ type w exclude s>casm4 ,! foll[+ is a comb9ation ( ?is k9d4 ,c41 hav+ become angry at ,x4 = 8 8bragg+ attitude10 says1 8,i 0 consci\s ( ! t5d5cy to say some?+ ho/ile1 b c\ld ?9k ( no?+ appropriate4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 rem>ks ,x4 f9ally said1 #8,i nev] read any?+ = an exp]im5t z ,i fe> x might bias my results4' ,i sudd5ly f\nd a rem>k t seem$ entirely fitt+ at ! "t & at once ! re/ra9t 0 (f4 ,i said a little s>ca/ically1 #8,no1 y nev] want to read any?+1 x might hurt y\r intellect4' ,z soon z ! /atem5t 0 made ,i saw ,i _h gone too f> & felt a little *eap4 ,i at once not$ t he did n take my rem>k s]i\sly1 & felt reliev$4 ,my =m] res5tm5t _h entirely disappe>$40 ,sub/itution by ,disguise4 ,!re are _m devices less ref9$ ?an wit :i* are commonly resort$ to 9 slightly disguis+ ! ho/ile attack4 ,! (f5d] may be attack$ indirectly & imp]sonally4 ,! foll[+ case w illu/rate4 ,f4 became angry at a m]*ant because1 :5 he w5t to pay = an article1 ! price 0 m>k$ m ?an he _h previ\sly agre$ to pay4 ,feel+ res5tful1 he said1 8,i suppose ! bill is all "r1 ! cl]k said x w\ld be less1 b p 9 ?is t[n don't "k :at !y are talk+ ab\t anyway40 ,f4 obs]ves1 8,:at ,i really meant 0 t y don't "k :at y are talk+ ab\t40 ,to avoid mak+ ! direct attack1 ! indef9ite pron\n is sub/itut$ at times = ! def9ite4 ,! use ( 8"s "o0 or 8somebody0 in/ead ( 8y10 9 talk+ to ! (f5d] blunts ! rem>k4 ,! device is r *eap af=d+ little pleasure & has b a %ort =e-p]iod ( re/ra9t4 ,x is c>ri$ to an extreme :5 ! subject pret5ds he does n "k ! p]petrator ( ! (f5se & 9 fact may assume x is "s "o else1 s t he may speak 8 m9d directly to ! (f5d]4 ,i4 obs]ves1 8,i 0 angry1 & talk$ to h] ab\t ! affair z if ,i did n "k t %e did x4 ,i w\ldn't h _h h] to "k t ,i knew = any?+4 ,i told h] :at ,i ?\ght ( a p]son :o _h act$ 9 t way & not$ t %e look$ *eap4 ,t pleas$ me40 ,"s gossip & vitup]ate aga9/ _! enemies & d]ive a moiety ( ill-gott5 pleasure if a sympa!tic he>] is f\nd4 ,"o subject /ates1 8,i w5t to tell ,x41 hop+ he w\ld be angry too1 & felt j a little disappo9t$ :5 he 0 n40 ,h9ts & ins9uations (t5 become devices to avoid a too ho/ile direct attack4 ,imag9>y ,exaltation ( ,self4 ,ano!r r important reaction ( ! attributive type is an ideali/ic "o4 ,imag9ation & ideational processes are active4 ,l[]$ self-feel+ has be5 accompli%$ 9 ! subject usually by a numb] ( repeat$ (f5ses by "s "o t ! subject really respects4 ,! (f5d] is frequ5tly n imag9$ z degrad$1 b he is left z he is1 & ! subject proce$s to imag9e1--x may be to fancy or day-dreams t he is ! (f5d]'s sup]ior4 ,z ! reaction to mom5ts ( humiliation1 he may lat] plan to surpass him4 ,an attitude ( make-believe may be mom5t>ily assum$ t he is already ! (f5d]'s sup]ior4 ,fanta/ic s*emes ( a successful c>e] may appe> 9 :i* he imag9es "s di/ant future1 9 :i* he has ga9$ r5[n & ! (f5d] is glad to recall t he knew him 9 o!r days4 ,sometimes he is imag9$ z seek+ 8 fri5d%ip or advice1 or favor1 & is refus$ ) dignity4 ,at ! next mom5t he may be graci\sly be/[+ favors ^u ! (f5d]4 ,su* imag9ative processes are obs]v$ to af=d pleasure to ! subject at ! "t & may lead to a new level ( self-confid5ce :i* has important influ5ces on lat] behavior4 ,usually ideali/ic reactions ( ?is "* appe> 9 consci\sness aft] m directly ho/ile reactions h fail$ to satisfy ! subject4 ,a few cases w illu/rate4 ,a41 recall+ an incid5t ( ! day be=e :i* humiliat$ him1 became angry4 ,at fir/ he began say+ 9 voco-motor fa%ion z if talk+ directly to ,x41 8,y are a conceit$ fell[4 ,y are h>d to get along )4 ,i w beat y4 ,y are too n]v\s to get v f>40 8,i imag9$ myself treat+ him 9 a sup]ior1 dignifi$ mann]40 ,a4 !n laid plans h[ he w\ld "w1 /ick to "o ?+1 make himself a recogniz$ au?ority1 & h[ he w\ld h little to d ) ,x4 ,he imag9$ ,x4 com+ to him = favors :5 he _h atta9$ ! success he _h plann$1 & himself tak+ a r indiff]5t attitude t[>d 8 reque/s4 ,a4 obs]ves t 8 entire rev]ie 0 pleasant1 al?\gh ! ang] 0 unpleasant 9 ! beg9n+4 ,c4 reports a case ( ang] at ,x4 :o _h tak5 a r critical attitude t[>d a problem :i* he 0 /udy+4 ,he obs]ves1 8,at fir/ !re 0 a slight humiliat$ feel+4 ,?is 0 displac$ by res5tm5t4 ,i imag9$ myself /&+ be=e ,x4 & giv+ him two good retorts :i* ,i consid]$ w\ld h _! ill effects on him4 ,at ?is po9t ! !me *ang$1 #8,i w leave y alone & h no?+ to d ) y1' ,i felt z if ?is behavior w\ld someh[ puni% him1 & t pleas$ me a little40 ,b z a ?ird & f9al reaction ,c4 obs]ves ! foll[+4 8,i plann$ to d my "w s well t ,x4 w\ld feel sorry = :at he _h said1 ,i imag9$ ,x4 complim5t+ me aft] x 0 f9i%$40 ,! e>ly /age ( ! emotion above 0 report$ z unpleasant1 ! f9al end+ 9 :i* ,c4 imag9es ,x4 complim5t+ him on 8 success 0 a po9t ( m>k$ pleasure4 ,subject ,e4 :o _h felt humiliat$ by ,x4 :om he consid]$ _h und]e/imat$ him1 obs]v$ z a f9al reaction1 8,i w %[ him 9 ! next t5 ye>s1 ,i am "y & c "w1 & he w see40 ,!n foll[$ a numb] ( plans = ! future4 ,"o subject reacts = a mom5t at times to res5tm5t by day dreams 9 :i* he imag9es himself a man ( weal? & deals out favors to all except 8 enemy4 ,he ev5 uses 8 weal? & influ5ce aga9/ him4 ,! feel+ is r pleasant 9 tone till ! mom5t he comes back to a s5se ( reality4 ,! transition decreases ! pleasantness r sudd5ly4 ,attitud9al ,reactions4 ,attitud9al reactions ( a ho/ile nature are an important "p ( ! ang] consci\sness4 ,:at may be call$ 8resolutional attitudes0 frequ5tly occur z "o ( ! f9al m5tal reactions 9 ! dim9ution ( ! emotion4 ,! resolutional attitude to d some?+ 9 ! future at a m conv5i5t "t :5 ! effects w be great]1 becomes a conv5i5t sub/itute = consci\s t5d5cies t require pres5t re/ra9t4 ,! subject def9itely settles on a c\rse ( action :i* _c be c>ri$ out at once4 ,! feel+ tone ( su* consci\s attitudes is pleasant4 ,x is n unusual to h a settl$ resolution & come to a def9ite conclusion 9 ! initial reactive /age ( ! emotion4 ,unless ! attitude is ready made = ! occasion1 x appe>s z "o ( ! f9al resorts4 ,a *>act]i/ic ( 8n[ness0 belongs to ang]4 ,an attitude t port5ds to future behavior is second>y1 appe>+ aft] ! possibilities ( pres5t reactions are exhau/$4 ,mu* ( ! initial re/ra9t 9 inhibitions is prep>atory to ! atta9m5t ( a settl$ conclusion2 9 "s cases initial reaction behaves 9 a trial & error fa%ion4 ,! results ( a numb] ( ho/ile impulses are imag9$ & are foll[$ to _! end until f9ally "o is select$ t seems mo/ fitt+4 ,! conclusion rea*$ may be tempor>y4 ,al?\gh x may be ab&on$ on ! reappe>ance ( ! emotion1 !re is a tempor>y satisfaction 9 hav+ atta9$ a conclusive attitude ev5 mom5t>ily4 ,! foll[+ case f ,c4 w illu/rate4 ,c4 became angry on be+ told ( ,x4's behavior4 ,he fir/ recall$ a numb] ( previ\s simil> in/ances2 second1 he transf]r$ ! ang] mom5t>ily to ano!r p]son :o told him ( ! (f5se2 ?ird1 he imag9$ himself cutt+ (f all bus9ess relations ) ,x4 & z a f\r? reaction he obs]ves1 8,i took on a pugnaci\s attitude & conclud$ to fight x out accord+ to ! rules ( ! game1 & plann$ :at ,i w\ld d & say to make him come my way40 ,! attitude ( wait+ = fur!r developm5ts1 bid+ "o's "t1 be+ cauti\s1 is a frequ5t sub/itute = ris+ t5d5cies dem&+ pres5t action4 ,subject ,e4 obs]ves1 8,i f9ally came to ! conclusion n to lie 9 wait = ! opportunity to get back at ! (f5d]1 b to be on gu>d aga9/ a future attack1 b ev5 aft] ! conclusion 0 =m$ x 0 n at once c>ri$ out ?\gh x pleas$ me4 ,i /ill f\nd myself plann+ :at ,i w\ld say if ! ?+ %\ld be repeat$40 ,a4 angry at ,x4 & ,y41 f9ally came to ! foll[+ ho/ile conclusive attitude1 8,!y _h bett] be do+ no?+ l t1 ,i w wat* !m1 & :5 ,i get a *ance !y w he> f me4 ,i w be cauti\s & sure fir/1 ) :i* f9al conclusion my ang] disappe>$40 ,,! ,,contr>y ,,reaction ,! second g5]al type ( reaction to ang] is :at we h call$ contr>y reaction4 ,! subject sudd5ly reacts contr>y to ! emotive t5d5cy ( ! emotion4 ,he behaves contr>y to :at he actually wi%es at ! "t4 ,religion & morals h idealiz$ ?is type ( behavior 9 its extreme =m4 8,turn ! o!r *eek10 8,love y\r enemy10 8,d good to ^? t hate y10 are exhortations ( m ?an "o religion4 ,z comp>$ ) ! type describ$ above1 relatively a small p]c5t ( ! m5tal reactions "u ! influ5ce ( ang]1 z %[n by ! obs]vations ( all ! subjects /udi$1 are class$ z ! contr>y reactive type1 eighte5 p]c5t z comp>$ ) sev5ty "o p]c5t4 ,! contr>y reaction is n s ri* 9 v]satile behavior z ! "o j describ$1 9 fact x is limit$ to a few set reactions4 ,! subject sudd5ly reacts to a /ate ( m9d contr>y to ang]4 ,x may take /rong ef=t to make ! *ange & ! attitude is n he>tily ent]$ into at fir/ & does n usually occur :5 ! emotion is mo/ int5se1 b aft] x is p>tly dim9i%$1 consequ5tly x is usually delay$ till a lat] /age ( ! emotion4 ,if x appe>s 9 ! initial /age x precludes a complete developm5t ( ! emotion4 ,subject ,g4 has app>5tly acquir$ ! habit ( *ampion+1 9 ! initial /age ( ! emotion1 ! (f5d]'s po9t ( view & =e/all+ ! developm5t ( ang] aga9/ p]sons4 ,8 ang] is atta9$ mo/ fully aga9/ objects & situations4 ,he consid]s ?is due to 8 tra9+ 9 e>ly *ildhood4 ,e4 has develop$ a p>tial habit ( assum+ an attitude ( =giv5ess t[>d ! (f5d]4 ,c4 & ,a4 :5 9 a qu&>y & unable to f9d o!r adequate means ( expression1 sudd5ly rev]t to ! contr>y reaction4 ,x becomes a habitual device t[>d close & intimate fri5ds or t[>d p]sons ) :om x is necess>y to get along4 ,aft] ! ang] has gone s f>1 ! subject sudd5ly assumes a fri5dly attitude z if !re 7 no emotion4 ,!re are v>i\s conditions "u :i* ?is sort ( m5tal reaction to ang] occurs4 ,x is a frequ5t device 9 a social situation :5 !re is ris+ ang] & x becomes necess>y to adopt a sudd5 & quick control4 ,x is =c$ ^u ! subject to meet a sudd5 crisis4 ,he may at once assume an ov]-fri5dly or ov]-polite behavior1 :5 9 reality he w\ld l to behave 9 a ho/ile mann]4 ,a little ov]-solicitude = ! (f5d] may be conspicu\sly display$4 ,a few cases w illu/rate4 ,b4 0 met on ! /airs by 8 l&lady1 :o reque/$ him n to write on 8 ma*9e aft] t5 o'clock1 also to put on 8 slipp]s on com+ home late be=e asc5d+ ! /airs4 ,he obs]ves1 8,be=e %e _h f9i%$ ,i felt uncom=table & 0 vaguely aw>e ( ! inconv5i5ce t ^! limitations w\ld cause me4 ,i recall$ t %e _h said t ,i c\ld use ! typewrit] all ,i wi%$ :5 ,i took ! room2 ,i f\nd myself becom+ angry1 b at once ,i took ! attitude ( excus+ h]4 ,i not$ t %e look$ tir$ :ile %e 0 talk+1 & ?\ght p]haps ,i _h kept h] awake4 ,i !n said ) an extra pleasant tone1 #8,t is all "r1 ,i am v glad y speak ( x1 ,i wi% y _h told me be=e4' ,! pleasantness 0 assum$1 ,i did n feel pleasant z ,i spoke1 ,i 0 /ill mildly angry4 ,five m9utes lat] ,i recall$ :at %e _h said & began to get angry aga91 b at once imag$ h] tir$ appe>ance & excus$ h] z be=e40 ,a4's obs]vation illu/rates fur!r4 ,a4 0 humiliat$ & angry at ,x4's /atem5t4 8,i want$ to say some?+ cutt+1 sev]al ho/ile rem>ks appe>$ :i* 7 inhibit$ "o aft] ! o!r4 ,i felt extremely confus$ & unpleasant b ,i sudd5ly began to agree ) ,x4 ,i told him 9 an ov]-polite mann] he 0 q "r & t ,i 0 glad he _h m5tion$ x4 ,9 reality ,i did n agree ) him nor 0 ,i glad40 ,a4 /ates t on leav+ ! pres5ce ( ,x4 ! emotion reappe>$ _m times 9 ! c\rse ( ! next half day & 9 no case did he f9d any excuse = ,x4's behavior b blam$ him sev]ely4 ,:5 ! contr>y reaction is resort$ to z a device to ga9 quick control1 x is report$ z unpleasant4 ,! emotion reappe>s aga9 & is usually foll[$ by unpleasant feel+s1 b :5 x is n =c$ ^u ! subject & is ent]$ into spontane\sly ) ze/1 z a means ( f9d+ "s sort ( satisfaction = ! emotional re/ra9t1 x is accompani$ by pleasant feel+s4 ,subject ,a4 sometimes takes ke5 delight 9 assum+ a dignifi$ attitude t[>d an (f5d] & treat+ him r fri5dly z if he 7 f> above gett+ angry4 ,he /ates1 8,i always feel ,i am victor1 t ,i am ma/] ( ! situation1 & x is pleas+ :5 ,i d ?is40 ,x may be said t :5ev] ! attributive reaction is satisfactory1 ! contr>y reaction is n resort$ to4 ,! latt] type occurs = ! mo/ "p :5 ! subject is m5tally ob/ruct$ & !re seems no?+ else to be done b to ally himself he>tily ) ! oppon5t = ! mom5t until ! /orm ( 8 m5tal /ress is pass$4 ,subject ,j4 9 a situation1 :5 x w\ld be rude to display 8 ang]1 obs]ves1 8,ea* "t ,i f\nd myself becom+ angry at ,x4's rem>ks1 ,i w\ld take a negative attitude t[>d ! ris+ impulse & laugh q good natur$ly at 8 /atem5t4 ,! laugh 0 n =c$1 ,i ent]$ into x he>tily40 ,subject ,c4 f9ds himself at times sudd5ly laugh+ at ! mo/ commonplace rem>ks :5 mildly angry at an (f5ce4 ,x is a common device ( subject ,b4 to bur/ out laugh+ at 8 behavior :5 mildly angry1 z if he 7 m]ely a spectator ( 8 emotion & n a p>tak] ( x4 8,i recall$ ! (f5sive behavior ( ,x4 :i* _h happ5$ two h\rs be=e4 ,i f\nd myself 9 an emotion ( slight ang]1 foll[$ by an explosive1 #8,damn t ,x4' ,!re 0 pres5t mu* motor t5sion 9 arms & face muscles1 !n not+ my angry demon/rations ,i laugh$ outright at myself & felt pleas$40 ,! ang] disappe>$ entirely ) ! act4 ,x is frequ5tly report$ t a sudd5 pause 9 ! mid/ ( unpleasant ang] to introspect1 is pleasant :5 att5tion is direct$ to ! behavior1 b :5 att5tion passes to ! situation excit+ ! emotion1 ang] t5ds to be re9/at$ aga94 ,obs]vations l ! foll[+ are report$3 8,paus+ to obs]ve my emotion1 my :ole behavior seem$ s ludicr\s t ,i _h to laugh40 ,! subject may sudd5ly assume 8 oppon5t's po9t ( view1 f9d a numb] ( probable excuses = 8 behavior & at times actually imag9e himself z *ampion = 8 enemy aga9/ himself4 ,he does ?is he>tily at times :5 !re is no outside compulsion & d]ives a feel+ ( pleasure 9 ! act4 ,! contr>y reaction may be ho/ilely resort$ to 9 "s in/ances4 ,! subject is aw>e t 8 aim is to humiliate 8 oppon5t by mak+ him a%am$ & sorry2 b x is usually report$ t1 aft] he has assum$ ! ov]-fri5dly attitude ) its ho/ile int5t1 !re is a self-satisfaction 9 ! sudd5 break+ up ( ! unpleasant consci\s re/ra9t4 ,subject ,d4 obs]ves1 8,i knew ,i 0 do+ ! favor to make him feel a%am$2 wat*+ him1 ,i saw he 0 n a%am$ 9 ! lea/ b ,i cont9u$ my fri5dl9ess & felt pleas$ 9 do+ x4 ,!re 0 no regret :5 ,i saw t he did n take ! matt] z ,i _h at fir/ wi%$40 ,9 ! contr>y reaction1 a joke or witticism may be employ$1 b x has an entirely diff]5t aim f ! joke discuss$ 9 attributive reaction4 ,x lacks ho/ility4 ,its aim is fri5dl9ess1 ! !me is contr>y to ! situation giv+ rise to ang] & s]ves to di/ract ! att5tion f ! emotion4 ,,! ,,indiff]5t ,,reaction ,! ?ird class ( m5tal reactions to ang] is :at has be5 call$ ! indiff]5t type4 ,x is attitud9al 9 "*4 ,! subject assumes = ! "t an indiff]5t attitude t[>d ! situation & p]son excit+ ! emotion4 ,elev5 p]c5t ( ! reactions ( all ! subjects /udi$ may be classifi$ "u ?is type4 ,x occurs z "o ( ! la/ resorts :5 !re is no?+ else to be done4 ,if x appe>s 9 ! initial /age ( ang]1 ! emotion does n fully develop4 ,x is n report$ z actually pleasant b r passively reliev+ = ! "t4 ,subject ,b4 _h receiv$ a piece ( adv]se in=mation 9 a lett]4 ,he obs]ves1 8,at fir/1 ,i 0 angry & at once ?rew ! lett] d[n on ! table 9 an attitude ( n c>+ any?+ ab\t x4 ,i felt t no?+ c\ld be done4 ,i _h really want$ ! in=mation badly4 ,i ?rew up my h&s & mov$ my body sudd5ly ) a #8don't c>e' feel+40 ,b4 reports t he recall$ ! situation sev]al times lat]1 b ! ang] did n appe> aga94 ,! same subject recall+ ! (f5sive behavior ( ,x4 & ,y4 became angry1 & obs]ves1 8,i f\nd myself say+ al\d1 #8,oh conf\nd !m1 ,i don't c>e any?+ ab\t !m1' & at once />t$ to att5d to some?+ else4 ,my say+ ,i did n c>e1 made me feel z if ,i did n c>e2 9 fact n[ ,i really did n c>e40 ,! sudd5 assum+ ( an apa!tic attitude t[>d ! develop+ ang] is a frequ5t device ( subject ,b4 ,a4 aft] a r prolong$ emotional reaction 9 :i* he imag9$ cutt+ rem>ks & plann$ h[ he w\ld retaliate1 sudd5ly *ang$ 8 attitude1 say+1 8,:at is ! use anyway1 x is j ,x41 ,i don't c>e any?+ ab\t him1 ,i w let him g 8 way40 ,c4 :5 angry at times re5=ces an assum$ attitude ( indiff]5ce by say+ to himself1 8,"h1 y mu/ n be bo!r$ ab\t su* ?+s1 be a good sport & play ! game40 ,"o at times assumes an attitude ( accept+ ! situation z x is1 & dropp+ ! matt]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,?ree ,,disappe>ance ,,( ,,ang] ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! ang] consci\sness is "o ( v>iability & *ange4 ,! emotion may disappe> r sudd5ly ) ! appe>ance ( a new emotion or x may disappe> gradually4 ,!re are usually fluctuat+ nodes ( increas+ & dim9i%+ int5sity accompany+ ! *ang+ direction ( att5tion1 ideational behavior1 & motor & m5tal activity 9 g5]al4 ,att5tion aga9 to ! situation excit+ ang] t5ds to increase its int5sity1 if ! situation f :i* x arises rema9s un*ang$4 ,any behavior1 :e!r m5tal or motor1 :i* *anges ! total m5tal situation f :i* ang] orig9ates1 t5ds to modify ! emotion itself4 ,?is total m5tal situation _c rema9 un*ang$ long4 ,! affective processes :i* h be5 ar\s$ usually s]ve to r$irect att5tion aga9 & aga9 to ! situation excit+ ang]4 ,! aim ( angry behavior may be said to be ?ree fold1 ref]r+ to ! total m5tal situation f :i* ! ?ree ma9 types ( ang] arise2 7#a7 to enhance self-feel+ :i* has be5 l[]$2 7#b7 to get rid ( ! oppos+ ob/acle to ! cont9uity ( associative processes2 7#c7 to recov] f "o's w\nd$ s5se ( ju/ice4 ,! total feel+ situation becomes modifi$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! disappe>ance or dim9ution ( ! emotion4 ,ang] :i* spr+s f a =e-p]iod ( irritable feel+s disappe>s by a diff]5t set ( ideas ?an f ang] aris+ f a =e-p]iod ( negative self-feel+4 ,pleasantness is an important condition 9 ! dim9ution ( ang]4 ,!re are b few in/ances t %[ no pleasantness 9 "s degree some:]e 9 ! reactive /age ( ! emotion4 ,! pleasantness ranges f mom5t>y mild relief to active delight4 ,p]iods ( re/ra9t dur+ ang] are p]iods ( unpleasantness4 ,p]iods ( less5$ re/ra9t are accompani$ by relief or pleasantness4 ,two p]iods 9 ! developm5t ( ang] are mo/ unpleasant4 7#a7 ,! entire cumulative developm5t ( ang] is unpleasant4 ,x is a frequ5t obs]vation 9 ! imm$iate =e-p]iod1 8,i want$ to get angry at somebody or some?+1 ,i felt ,i w\ld feel bett] if ,i did40 7#b7 ,(t5 dur+ ! active /age ( ang]1 !re are f\nd "o or m p]iods ( unpleasant inhibition & re/ra9t4 ,?is is (t5 a /age ( exp]im5t 9 imag9ation1 =esee+ unpleasant results ( too dra/ic behavior1 inhibit+1 *oos+ & select+ 9 ! ef=t to discov] "s reaction :i* may successfully meet ! emotional crisis ( ! mom5t4 ,!re are cases ( ang] ) all ! p]sons /udi$1 :i* d n get beyond ?is inhibitive unpleasant /age4 ,ang] may be almo/ entirely unpleasant or mo/ly pleasant4 ,"s p]sons h a great] m5tal v]satility ?an o!rs 9 f9d+ a successful expression to ang]1 consequ5tly !y h relatively a great] proportion ( pleasantness4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( fatigue1 ! ability = successful expression is less5$ & !re is a correspond+ly increas$ t5d5cy to emotive excitation & decreas$ emotional control4 ,:5 a fully successful reaction is n f\nd1 ang] dies h>d4 ,x may become necess>y to att5d to some?+ else volunt>ily = self protection4 ,ang] disappe>+ unsuccessfully t5ds to recur aga9 & aga91 x may be4 ,its reappe>ance frequ5tly all[s ! unpleasant initial /age to be %ort5$ or dropp$ entirely leav+ a mildly pleasant exp]i5ce4 ,ang] disappe>s sudd5ly & pleasantly if ! subject c ga9 ! subjective end ( ! emotion4 ,subject ,j4 obs]ves 9 ! case ( an ang] aris+ f a feel+ ( irritation1 8,at ?is mom5t 7! mom5t ( successful expression7 ,i felt pleas$1 my ang] n[ disappe>$ leav+ a pleasant aft]-effect40 ,a case f ,a4 w illu/rate fur!r4 ,a4 got on ! wrong /reet c>4 ,! conductor refus$ to all[ him to get (f at 8 corn] ( ! /reet4 ,he obs]ves he 0 angry1 n because he 0 h9d]$ f gett+ (f1 b because ( ! insult+ attitude & rem>k ( ! conductor1 :o said 9 a ho/ile mann]1 8,:y did y n pay att5tion to :at ,i said1 ?is c> does n /op1 y w h to g on40 ,a4 !n became angry & dem&$ 9 r sev]e language to h ! c> /opp$4 ,at ?is po9t ! conductor *ang$ 8 attitude & /opp$ ) no fur!r words4 ,a4 obs]ves1 8,z ,i /epp$ (f ,i _h a di/9ct feel+ ( pleasantness4 ,i felt ,i _h be5 victori\s4 ,i 0 no long] angry4 ,s5sations 7 /ill pres5t 9 *e/1 arm & leg muscles b ^! 7 n[ pleasant4 ,^u recall+ ! incid5t1 ,i _h n ! lea/ res5tm5t aga9/ ! conductor4 ,on ! :ole1 ,i n[ felt glad ! incid5t _h occurr$40 ,pleasantness may appe> on ! obs]vation ( ! (f5d]'s failure or humiliation4 ,c4 becom+ angry at ,x41 :o 0 manipulat+ "s laboratory app>atus1 obs]ves1 8,i let him proce$ r hop+ he w\ld spoil 8 results4 ,:5 ,i not$ he 0 fail+ & obs]v$ 8 discomposure1 ,i felt pleas$4 ,t satisfi$ my ang] aga9/ him at once40 ,! imag9al humiliation & tr\ble com+ to ! (f5d]1 also increases ! feel+ ( pleasantness & dim9i%es = ! mom5t ! ang]4 ,! imag9ative v]bal or physical attacks usually all[ a subject to come out victor4 ,:at ,d4 obs]ves is typical4 8,i imag9$ he 0 /unn$ by my attack1 & ! result pleas$ me2 t satisfi$ my ang]40 ,if ! (f5d] acts fri5dly & accommodat+1 t af=ds a relief to ! (f5d$ p]son & is a condition = ! rapid disappe>ance ( ang]4 ,f4 obs]ves1 8,he behav$ s fri5dly t ,i ?ank$ him & felt reliev$4 ,my ang] 0 n[ almo/ gone40 ,c4 became angry at ,x4 = :at he _h int]pret$ z a ho/ile attitude4 ,five m9utes lat] ,x4 sat d[n by him4 ,c4 obs]ves1 8,he act$ sociable & ,i felt reliev$1 my ang] 0 entirely gone1 9 fact ,i n[ felt q fri5dly t[>d him40 ,x is also commonly report$ t :5 ! (f5d] becomes submissive1 x af=ds a relief to ! subject & usually kills ! emotion4 ,c4 obs]ves1 8,aft] he _h submitt$1 my ang] _h disappe>$ & ,i n[ felt a little rep5tant at :at ,i _h done40 ,! same subject sometimes obs]ves t he imag9es ! abs5t (f5d] at :om he is angry1 smil+ & act+ fri5dly 9 ! usual way1 & ! imag9$ fri5dly attitude is a relief to ! emotion4 ,ang] :i* develops f a =e-p]iod ( negative self-feel+1 disappe>s :5 ! subject is able to acquire a positive feel+ attitude t[>d ! (f5d]4 ,x may be accompli%$ subjectively4 ,! subject t5ds to l[] 8 op9ion ( 8 oppon5t1 he enjoys an idle gossip1 x may be1 at 8 exp5se1 recalls ill reports he _h previ\sly he>d b ignor$1 & 9 fact may employ a numb] ( devices ( imag9ation & make-believe4 ,he at times t5ds to magnify ! (f5d]'s unwor?9ess1 & may come to ! conclusion t he is sc>cely wor? tr\bl+ ab\t4 ,m5tal behavior ( ?is sort is commonly report$ to enhance self-feel+4 ,on ! o!r h& ! subject may accompli% ! same end by magnify+ 8 own p]sonal feel+s directly by dwell+ on 8 own good qualities & wor? 9 comp>ison ) t ( ! (f5d]4 ,su* comp>isons are almo/ always to ! disadvantage ( ! oppon5t4 ,subject ,c41 9 a controv]sy ) ,x41 became angry & walk$ away :5 ! emotion 0 /ill int5se4 8,i n[ began to recall h[ insignificant he is & h[ important ,i am4 ,he is n>r[1 p$antic & incapable ( see+ a l>ge po9t ( view4 ,i am n s n>r[4 ,all 0 slightly pleasant & 0 accompani$ by a decreas$ int5sity ( my emotion4 ,i n[ met ,x4 & jok$ ) him2 my ang] 0 entirely gone40 ,! feel+ ( sup]iority kills ang] ( ! type :i* arises f a =e-p]iod ( humiliation4 ,x has already be5 indicat$ t :5 a positive feel+ is ma9ta9$ 9 receiv+ an injury1 ang] does n arise4 ,! w\ld-be (f5d] if he is reg>d$ z unwor?y or unacc\ntable = 8 act1 does n usually excite ang]4 ,! same p]son1 h[ev]1 may /imulate ang] by a process ( increas$ irritable feel+s4 ,subject ,a4 beg9n+ to get angry at ,x41 7a p]son he holds 9 l[ e/eem7 obs]ves ! foll[+ association4 8,oh1 x is j ,x41 no use 9 my gett+ angry at a fell[ l t1 he is n responsible anyway1 & ,i w\ld be fooli% to be bo!r$ by him4 ,i _h />t$ to ridicule him b n[ my emotion 0 gone40 ,a contemplat$ victory gives pleasure & dim9i%es ang] ev5 be=e ! victory is atta9$4 ,! emotion disappe>s on assum+ a positive det]m9$ m5tal attitude1 x may pass (f 9 vehem5t resolution z to fur!r behavior4 ,9 fact1 "o may beg9 & f9i% 8 fight ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ideas & h no en?usiasm left = ! actual enc\nt]4 ,) a ?ird condition = ! disappe>ance ( ang]1 pleasantness is pres5t b usually 9 ! =m ( mild relief4 ,positive self-feel+ is n s cle>ly m>k$ 9 consci\sness4 ,! subject looks at ! (f5d]'s po9t ( view1 f9ds excuses = 8 behavior1 elevates 8 op9ion x may be ( him4 ,a new idea is add$ to ! m5tal situation excit+ ang] :i* entirely alt]s ! feel+ cont5t1 & consequ5tly ang] disappe>s4 ,subject ,i4 obs]ves1 8,:5 ,i f9ally conclud$ t ,x4 meant well1 my ang] 0 almo/ gone40 ,g4 res5tful at ,x4 because he did n speak to him /ates1 8,i recall$ sudd5ly t he is cross-ey$ & probably did n see me4 ,i said to myself1 #8,he is a good fell[ & is fri5dly t[>d me all "r4' ,my emotion 0 n[ gone40 ,b4 mildly angry at ,x4 & ,y4 = intrud+ ^u him1 obs]ves ! foll[+ soliloquy4 8,no1 !y h m "r "h ?an ,i h4 ,?is room is = p to conv]se 9 r ?an = "o man to occupy alone4 ,my ang] 0 n[ decreas$ b n entirely gone40 ,ev5 a t5tative excuse = ! (f5d]'s behavior allays ang] tempor>ily4 ,! emotion may la/ = sev]al days1 appe>+ at int]vals1 & ) a sudd5 introduction ( a new idea provid+ an adequate excuse = ! (f5ce1 ! condition excit+ ! emotion w be completely *ang$4 ,ang] dim9i%es & disappe>s m frequ5tly 9 ! *ange ( att5tion ?an by any o!r "o condition4 ,a pause 9 ! mid/ ( ang] to att5d to "o's m5tal behavior af=ds a dim9ution ( ! affective process4 ,x is (t5 report$ z amus+ :5 a subject sudd5ly ceases att5d+ to ! situation excit+ ! emotion & obs]ves 8 m5tal behavior2 laught] at ?is po9t is (t5 report$4 ,close att5tion to ! act ( manag+ ! irritat+ or humiliat+ incid5t1 all[s a r gradual dim9ution ( ang]4 ,ang] does n arise :5 ! subject is rigidly att5d+ to ! damage done1 b only :5 he beg9s to feel ! damage z humiliat+1 irritat+ or z contr>y to ju/ice4 ,"o subject hums or s+s :5 angry4 ,a joke or witticism w break ! cru/ ( consci\s t5sion all[+ ! att5tion to be di/ract$ else:]e4 ,! subject may sudd5ly assume an apa!tic attitude t[>d ! :ole incid5t & kill ! emotion at lea/ tempor>ily4 ,! m5tal situation f :i* ang] arises1 is "o contr>y to indiff]5ce1 9 fact1 ! lack ( indiff]5ce is "o ( ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics ( ! =e-condition ( ang]1 & consequ5tly :5 ?is attitude is pres5t1 ang] is cut (f4 ,a resolution or a settl$ judgm5t has a reliev+ effect4 ,:5ev] ! subject comes to a def9ite conclusion :e!r x ref]s to ! emotional situation or a contemplat$ mode ( behavior t[>d ! (f5d]1 !re is report$ a sudd5 drop 9 ! int5sity ( ! emotion1 ev5 ?\gh ! attitude is b a t5tative & tempor>y "o4 ,! reason = ?is is evid5tly t su* a m5tal attitude is contr>y to ! imm$iate m5tal situation f :i* ang] arises4 ,ang] spr+s f ! fact t !re is lack+ a def9ite m5tal attitude z to :at %\ld be done dur+ ! reactive /age ( ! emotion4 ,"o ( ! mo/ effici5t controls is to h a well plann$ reaction to meet ! emotional crisis be=e x appe>s2 :5 ! injury occurs1 if !re is a prep>$ness z to :at %\ld be done1 ev5 ?\gh ! response is b a subjective "o purely attitud9al 9 its nature1 ang] fails to develop to its int5se /age4 ,,successful ,,disappe>ance ,! success ) :i* ! emotion ( ang] disappe>s is a matt] ( wide individual diff]5ce ) ! p]sons /udi$4 ,) "s ! report+ ( ! emotion f ! introspection notes t5d$ to re9/ate ! emotion4 ,"o subject 0 frequ5tly di/urb$ by ! reappe>ance ( ! emotion dur+ ! report4 ,9 "o in/ance he refus$ to report to ! writ] = ?ree days aft]w>d4 ,he reports he c\ld n recall ! situation )\t ! reappe>ance ( ! ang] 9 its unpleasant =m4 ,o!r p]sons c\ld r>ely re9/ate an emotion 9 any unpleasant =m ov] night4 ,at times ! ang] 0 re9/at$ 9 its pleasant aspect4 ,sometimes a feel+ ( exaltation 0 display$4 ,! subject %[$ he enjoy$ recall+ ! emotion4 ,imag9$ & c>efully devis$ s*emes ( retaliation 7 (t5 rehe>s$ ) pleasure4 ,aga9 ! obs]vation w\ld be a feel+ ( indiff]5ce1 z some?+ pa/ & f9i%$4 ,(t5 ! /atem5t 0 giv51 8,! :ole ?+ seems ludicr\s & amus+ to me n[40 ,x is r pleas+ to recall ! situation excit+ ang] :5 ! orig9al emotion is %ort-circuit$1 z x 71 all[+ a pleasurable1 gossipy vitup]ation aga9/ ! (f5d] )\t ! initially unpleasant /age ( ang]4 ,9 fact ! subject may re-exp]i5ce a little ( ! unpleasant humiliation ?r\gh imag9ative /imulus1 if ! pleasantly reactive /age is successful en\gh to comp5sate4 ,if ! subject is aw>e he has a sympa!tic he>]1 x is f> easi] to pass ov] ! initially unpleasant /age ( ! re9/at$ ang] & enjoy a ho/ile1 gossipy reaction4 ,! writ] 9 ! c\rse ( ! /udy became s intimately acqua9t$ ) ! private emotional life ( ! subjects /udi$ & _h be5 a sympa!tic li/5] ( ! emotional exp]i5ces s long1 t aft] ! p]iod ( obs]vation _h end$1 he w\ld f9d himself ! recipi5t ( emotional confid5ces :i* ! subjects took pleasure 9 relat+ to him4 ,says "o on report+1 8,i really 0 n int]e/$ s mu* 9 ! sci5tific side ( ?is emotion z ,i 0 to tell y ( my res5tm5t1 & z ,i look ov] x n[1 ,i am really aw>e t ,i assum$ a sci5tific int]e/ z a means ( ga9+ full sympa?y & giv+ me full fre$om to speak ev]y?+ 9 m9d40 ,ano!r subject says1 8,i w5t to tell ,x4 = ,i believ$ he w\ld get angry too & ,i hop$ t he w\ld40 ,! same situation does n usually all[ ang] to cont9ue to reappe> 9 its unpleasant =m1 = repeat$ appe>ance t5ds to elim9ate ! active unpleasant /age4 ,an emotion ( ang] :i* has be5 unsuccessfully express$ may cont9ue to reappe> 9 consci\sness aga9 & aga94 ,cr[d$ out1 x w sudd5ly return at times by *ance associations4 ,x may become s insi/5t t x is an unpleasant di/raction f bus9ess affairs & ! subject mu/ f9d "s sort ( reaction to satisfy x4 ,f4 obs]ves1 8,i c\ld n d my "w4 ,j z ,i w\ld get />t$1 ! idea w\ld reappe> sudd5ly & ,i w\ld f9d myself angry1 t5d+ to ?9k cutt+ rem>ks & plann+ :at ,i %\ld d4 ,ea* "t ,i tri$ to escape f x1 x w\ld come back aga94 ,f9ally ,i det]m9$ delib]ately to get rid ( x4 ,i recall$ all ! good qualities ( ,x41 :at favors he _h be/[$ ^u me & 9 fact felt q fri5dly t[>d him4 ,be=e ,i _h f9i%$1 ! ang] _h disappe>$ & did n return4 ,lat]1 z ,i recall$ ! situation incid5tally1 ,i felt indiff]5t t[>d x40 ,su* delib]ate behavior is unusual4 ,! reaction to an emotion is mo/ly involunt>y4 ,9 _m in/ances1 :5 emotion is prolong$1 x is mu* l a trial & error process1 "o reaction aft] ano!r is tri$ out 9 imag9ation until a r successful "o is f\nd4 ,?is reappe>ance ( an emotion :5 x has be5 repress$ gives opportunity = a new trial & mode ( attack4 ,!re are two g5]al conditions "u :i* ang] disappe>s mo/ successfully4 ,fir/1 if ! m5tal situation f :i* ang] arises is *ang$ directly by ! addition ( a new idea t gives an entirely new mean+ cont5t to ! incid5t s t x w no long] be humiliat+ or irritat+1 z :5 ! subject c ?or\ghly come to believe t ! motives ( ! oppon5t's (f5se 7 n ho/ile b fri5dly1 ang] disappe>s r successfully ) no unpleasant aft] effects2 ! ang] is cut (f directly at its s\rce4 ,to illu/rate1 ,c4's ang] at ,x4 :i* _h be5 a s\rce ( unpleasant di/urbance = two days1 completely disappe>$ :5 he 0 f9ally in=m$ t :at ,x4 did 0 n meant z p]sonal4 ,! subject at times f9ds himself try+ to assume a little ( ! attitude ( make-believe4 ,he really wants to believe ! (f5d] meant well4 ,a second successful condition = ! removal ( ang] is :5 ! subject reacts s t he feels he has fully ma/]$ 8 oppon5t4 ,he has giv5 full re/itution = ! (f5se & feels a pleasureable satisfaction 9 ! results4 ,feel+ is an ess5tial factor1 :atev] ! me?od employ$4 ,if a feel+ ( complete victori\s satisfaction is accompli%$ 9 connection ) ! disappe>ance ( ang] x is usually successful4 ,! circum/ances are r>e 9 :i* ! direct v]bal or physical attack w\ld be fully satisfactory4 ,a sub/itution 9 ! =m ( ho/ile wit1 teas+1 irony1 or x may be a favor be/[$ ) a ho/ile int5t1 may accompli% ! same result z f> z feel+s are conc]n$ & completely satisfy ! ang]4 ,! imag9$ victory1 or a make-believe "o1 may s]ve ! same purpose4 ,! mo/ unsuccessful condition = ! disappe>ance ( ang] is "o commonly us$ 9 em]g5cies--t ( *ang+ ! att5tion & avoid+ ! (f5sive idea4 ,int5se ang] usually returns :5 dim9i%$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,! attitude ( indiff]5ce & ov]-polit5ess usually s]ves only z a tempor>y device ( removal = ! purpose ( exp$iti\s control4 ,m]e repression is n always mo/ successful4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,f\r ,,consci\s ,,aft]-,,effects ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,ang] has an important influ5ce ^u m5tal life & behavior long aft] ! emotion itself has disappe>$4 ,! functional effect ( ang] may be disclos$ 9 a p]iod aft] ! emotion prop] has disappe>$4 ,o!r emotions may imm$iately foll[ ang]1 su* z pity1 regret1 sorr[1 joy1 %ame1 remorse1 love & fe>4 ,feel+s & t5d5cies are left ov] :i* ! subject is fully aw>e are directly relat$ to ! previ\s emotion4 ,= purposes ( /udy1 ! p]iod aft] ! emotion w be divid$ into two p>ts2 fir/1 t imm$iately aft] ! emotion has disappe>$1 & second1 ! m or less remote p]iod ( indef9ite "t4 ,! reaction :ile ! emotion is pres5t1 & ! way 9 :i* ! emotion disappe>s1 are conditions :i* det]m9e to a l>ge ext5t :at w consci\sly appe> aft] ! emotion has pass$ away4 ,) ! aim ( f9d+ out :at m5tal factors foll[ 9 ! wake ( ang]1 ! subjects 7 in/ruct$ to keep acc\nt ( any sort ( consci\sness ( :i* !y 7 aw>e z ref]r+ ei!r directly or indirectly to ! previ\s emotion obs]v$4 ,pity is frequ5tly associat$ ) ang]4 ,mild ang] may m]ge into pity at ! po9t :]e att5tion *anges f ! situation excit+ ang] to ! effects ( angry behavior on ! (f5d]4 ,pity (t5 foll[s ! imag9al humiliation ( ! p]son committ+ ! (f5se4 ,x foll[s m readily :5 ! emotion is aga9/ *ildr51 s]vants1 dep5d5ts or p]sons ) :om !re is close intimacy4 ,a k9d ( self-pity is sometimes associat$ ) ang]4 ,) "o subject1 a mildly pleasant self-pity w\ld frequ5tly foll[ ang] at an injury4 ,at times !re is f\nd a curi\s mixture ( ang] & self-pity4 ,h4 obs]ves1 8,at times ,i w\ld be angry1 !n at o!r times ,i w\ld f9d myself tak+ a peculi> pleasure 9 rehe>s+ my injuries & feel+ r pitiful = "o :o _h be5 mi/reat$ l myself40 ,an obs]vation f ,c4 w illu/rate ! sudd5ness ( ! transition f mild ang] to pity4 ,angry at a cl]k = a slight (f5se1 he obs]ves1 8,z ,i turn$ away ,i said to myself1 #8,i wi% t fell[ w\ld lose 8 place1' b at once ,i felt a little pity = him & said1 #8,no1 t w\ld be too bad1 he has a h>d "t putt+ up ) all ^! p4'0 ,subject ,a41 angry at a *ild obs]ves1 8,i f\nd myself t5d+ to puni% him1 ,i saw 8 face1 x look$ innoc5t & tru/+1 t re/ra9$ me1 ,i n[ ?\ght1 #8,poor little fell[1 he does n "k any bett]1' & ,i felt a pity = him to ?9k t su* a p]son z myself _h ! correct+ ( him40 ,%ame may foll[ 9 ! wake ( ang]4 ,x arises r sudd5ly 9 ! disappe>+ /age ( ! emotion :5 att5tion is direct$ to ! results ( ! angry behavior j f9i%$4 ,bo? %ame & pity1 foll[+ ang]1 are usually a condition ( immunity aga9/ ! reappe>ance ( ! same emotion4 ,aft] %ame appe>s1 a reaction usually foll[s 9 ! ef=t to comp5sate 9 "s fa%ion4 ,subject ,c4 obs]ves1 8,becom+ aw>e ( my act & h[ x appe>$1 ,i n[ felt a%am$ & humiliat$ at :at ,i _h said4 ,9 a few m9utes ,i br\ght x ab\t to (f] him a favor & felt pleas$ :5 x 0 accept$4 ,i _h really be5 try+ to conv9ce him t ,i 0 n angry1 & n[ felt t ,i 0 do+ x40 ,subject ,c4 obs]ves1 8,i not$ t !y saw ,i 0 angry & at once ,i felt a%am$4 ,i n[ began to laugh ! matt] (f z if try+ to %[ ,i 0 n40 ,at times dur+ mild ang] :5 ! emotion is display$ too impulsively & ! b\nds ( caution h be5 ov]/epp$1 expos+ "o's self to a too easy attack f an oppon5t1 an uncom=table feel+ ( *agr9 appe>s4 ,! ang] may be display$ 9 too crude a fa%ion1 consequ5tly an advantage is giv5 to ! oppon5t :i* 0 n int5d$4 ,anxiety t ! oppon5t may take ! ho/ile ?ru/ too s]i\sly or fe> ( ! consequ5ce1 may sudd5ly displace ang]4 ,in/ead ( an (f5d+ p]son1 ! same p]son n[ sudd5ly becomes "o excit+ anxiety or fe>4 ,a f\r? affective condition ( ! imm$iate aft]-p]iod ( ang] is an active pleasantness4 ,ang] disappe>s & joy takes its place4 ,! condition1 orig9ally excit+ ang]1 is no long] able to reproduce ! emotion z ! subject has become ! victor & ! (f5se is recomp5s$4 ,! goal ( ang] f its impulsive & feel+ side is to be f\nd 9 ! pleasurable victori\s affection 9 ! aft]-p]iod ( ! emotion4 ,any ang] possesses possibilities ( pleasantness 9 its aft]-/age4 ,if an objective victory _c be _h1 a subjective "o plays ! "p ( a surrogate4 ,! processes ( imag9ation1 make-believe & disguise1 z previ\sly discuss$1 become devices directly ref]r+ to ! aim ( pleasurable feel+s 9 ! aft]-p]iod ( ang]4 ,! motivation is to avoid ! unpleasant emotions & feel+s 9 ! wake ( ang] & acquire ! feel+ ( victory4 ,! t5d5cy to humor & jocul> behavior aft] ang] is sometimes obs]v$4 ,! subject t5ds to recall 8 feel+s ( success & relive !m1 self-confid5ce & positive self-feel+s are increas$4 ,! feel+ ( fri5dl9ess t[>d ! (f5d] may foll[ ang] :i* has be5 successfully express$4 ,sp9oza 0 "r :5 he said1 8,an act ( (f5se may indirectly give orig9 to love40 ,x is frequ5tly obs]v$ 9 ! aft]-p]iod ( ang]1 8,i felt m fri5dly t[>d him aft] my emotion _h disappe>$40 ,9 fact an unusual fri5dl9ess ) a desire to be/[ favors 0 (t5 obs]v$4 ,we l a man bett] aft] we h be5 angry at him 9 a successful mann]4 ,! emotional attitude is entirely *ang$ t[>d an oppon5t :o has be5 ov]come1 if he all[s ! victory4 ,x is ! unreason+ p]son :o nev] becomes aw>e ( 8 defeat1 aga9/ :om hate foll[s ang]4 ,feel+s ( unpleasant irritation usually foll[ ang] :5 social or o!r conditions prev5t adequate expression4 ,^! feel+s seem to be ! m$ium by :i* ! situation excit+ ang] is repeat$ly recall$4 ,! emotion :i* appe>s f ! imag9$ situation usually does n leave su* int5se unpleasant feel+s1 z ! subject t5ds to atta9 9 8 delib]ate mom5ts1 to "s degree1 an inn] victory ov] 8 oppon5t1 or to f9d an adequate excuse = 8 behavior4 ,ei!r ( ^! reactions may be successful en\gh to exclude irritable feel+s 9 ! aft]-p]iod4 ,irritation aft] controll$ ang] is ! m$ium = ! s-call$ transf] ( ! emotion f an (f5d+ to an un(f5d+ object1 :i* is s (t5 obs]v$4 ,9 ! aft]-p]iod ( irritation1 x is a r common obs]vation ( ! subjects1 8,i 0 look+ = some?+ or somebody at :om ,i c\ld get angry40 8,i felt ,i want$ to hurt somebody40 ,9 fact irritation 9 ! aft]-p]iod becomes an ess5tially affective elem5t 9 a situation f :i* may arise a new ang] ( a diff]5t type4 ,! fir/ ang] may h aris5 f a =e-p]iod ( humiliation1 :ile ! latt] is f t ( irritation4 ,!re is evid5ce t ! affective /ate 9 ! aft]-p]iod ( ang] has a comp5sat+ relation to ! emotion t has j pass$1 n unlike ! comp5sation role play$ betwe5 ! ang] prop] & ! feel+ =e-/age f :i* x arises4 ,! reactive /age ( ang] t5ds to ov]-comp5sate = ! unpleasant feel+s ( irritation & humiliation 9 ! =e-p]iod ( ang] by ei!r increas+ ! pleasantness or dim9i%+ unpleasantness4 ,if ! reaction is incomplete & has n adequately met ! emotional crisis ( ! mom5t1 irritation may foll[ ) a t5d5cy to cont9ue fur!r ! emotion1 or if ! reaction has gone too f>1 x is paid = by ! appe>ance 9 ! aft]-/age ( o!r emotions ( social orig91 su* z fe>1 %ame1 pity1 etc4 ,! feel+ ( relief occurs aft] ! expression has ne>ly re/or$ consci\sness to ab\t ! same affective level z be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! emotion2 b ) active pleasure1 a high] affective level has be5 atta9$ & ! subject feels he 0 glad to h be5 angry4 ,!re is a height5$ effect 9 ! affective /ate foll[+ ang]2 a sort ( ov]-comp5sation1 :i* is a little out ( proportion to ! behavior ap>t f ! ang] itself4 ,if ! aft]-p]iod is "o ( pleasantness1 ! feel+ is increas$ f> m because ( :at ! subject has done dur+ ! emotion1 = x is evid5t if ! same m5tal processes & behavior occur )\t ang]1 ! pleasantness is less4 ,joy is a good example ( ! int5sification ( ! emotion 9 ! aft]-p]iod ( ang] :i* is out ( proportion to ! idea /imulat+ x4 ,! relation betwe5 ! =e-p]iod1 ! ang] prop]1 & ! aft]-p]iod is s intimate 9 ang] t ! writ] has _h x repeat$ly impress$ ^u him 9 mak+ ! pres5t /udy1 t to solve "s ( ! important problems ( our emotional life1 ?is relation mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,! entire gamut ( ! emotional consci\sness = ea* emotion mu/ be /udi$ f ! initial feel+ /age to ! t]m9ation ( ! consci\s cont5t aft] ! emotion has disappe>$4 ,! emotions d n appe> z sep>ate effective entities1 b h an intimate relation :i* is important 9 ! /udy ( _! psy*ology4 ,mild ang] may leave ! subject 9 a /ate ( curiosity4 ,a feel+ ( d\bt z to ! motivation ( ! (f5d] may appe>1 & curiosity foll[s ) an aw>5ess ( a t5d5cy = ang] to reappe> if ! occasion %\ld arise4 ,aft] ! emotion has pass$1 ! subject is aw>e ( t5d5cies or attitudes1 ref]r+ directly to ! m5tal behavior1 :i* 7 pres5t dur+ ! emotion4 ,an attitude ( indiff]5ce t[>d ! (f5d] & (f5d+ situation foll[s :at has be5 call$ ! indiff]5t type ( reaction4 ,! emotion ( ang] may leave ! subject 9 a /ate ( confid5ce t[>d himself1 positive self-feel+s h be5 rea*$ z a result ( ! entire exp]i5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 slightly r$uc$ self-feel+s may foll[ if ! reaction to ang] has be5 unsuccessful4 ,x may leave ! subject 9 ei!r a height5$ or a l[]$ op9ion ( ! (f5d]4 ,a previ\sly fri5dly int]e/ 9 ! p]son committ+ ! (f5se may be increas$ or o!rwise4 ,a feel+ ( amusem5t at "o's behavior :5 recall+ x aft] ! emotion has disappe>$1 is (t5 report$4 ,! subject /&s (f1 z x 71 & views 8 own response to ang] z if he 7 a spectator r ?an a p>tak] ( 8 emotion4 ,:at ! subject did :5 angry seems s incongru\s ) 8 m5tal /ate aft] ! emotion has disappe>$1 t x /rikes him z ludicr\s4 ,laught] & amusem5t frequ5tly appe> 9 ! recall ( ! emotional situation4 ,an attitude ( caution (t5 foll[s4 ,aft] a p]iod ( /ress$ inhibition1 9 :i* ! evil consequ5ces ( a too impulsive behavior h be5 pre-p]ceiv$1 !re is assum$ an attitude ( control & at ! same "t a read9ess to respond to a suitable /imulus4 ,ang] may leave 9 its place an attitude ( great] det]m9ation to make "o's po9t1 or if ! emotion has be5 entirely satisfactory1 ! subject takes ! attitude t ! score has be5 settl$4 ,an attitude ( belief or conviction z to a future c\rse ( action t[>d a l (f5se may foll[ 9 ! p]iod aft] ang]1 :i* is a direct result ( ! conclusion rea*$ :5 ! emotion 0 pres5t4 ,mild ang] may h *ang$ ! feel+ tone b little1 b leaves ! subject prim$ & ready to respond m quickly to ano!r (f5se4 ,! result ( ang] may be purely a practical attitude z to :at %\ld be done 9 su* cases ) little m>k$ feel+ accompany+ x4 ,! subject is left n 9 a fight+ attitude1 b 9 "o ( prep>$ness to prev5t ! (f5se recurr+4 ,x is usually necess>y 9 ! aft]-p]iod to recon/ruct or modify ! rev5geful plans or conclusions :i* 7 =m$ :5 ! emotion 0 int5se4 ,:at seem$ s ju/ifiable dur+ ! emotion prop]1 aft] x has disappe>$ becomes /rik+ly inopportune4 ,if ! emotion has disappe>$ unsuccessfully & res5tful feel+s /ill l+]1 ! subject wi%es to execute ! plans previ\sly =m$2 b 9 ! act ( do+ x1 he usually f9ds difficulties ( :i* he 0 n aw>e :5 ! emotion 0 int5se4 ,an in/ance f ,a4 w illu/rate4 ,he _h be5 int5sely angry at ,x4 & _h plann$ to tell him 8 op9ion ( 8 conduct4 ,by ! "t he _h opportunity to speak1 ! emotion _h subsid$4 ,he obs]ves1 8,i _h at ?is po9t a sev]e /ruggle ) myself4 ,i want$ to tell him :at ,i _h plann$2 ,i felt ,i 0 inconsi/5t if ,i did n4 ,on ! o!r h& ,i 0 slightly appreh5sive1 n ( ,x41 b ( mak+ myself ludicr\s4 ,i recogniz$ :at ,i _h n be=e1 t ,i 0 n fully ju/ifi$1 & p>tially excus$ him = :at he _h done4 ,b ! t5d5cy to d :at ,i _h plann$ /ill p]si/$1 & ,i felt ,i w\ld give any?+ if ,i c\ld d x40 ,he reports fur!r t al?\gh ! emotion 0 n[ fe>1 at ?is po9t 8! t5d5cy to execute ! plan1 =m$ dur+ ! ang]1 p]si/$ = ab\t fifte5 m9utes ( int5se /ruggle ) myself be=e x disappe>$40 ,t5d5cies 9 ! aft]-p]iod ( ! emotion1 :i* ref] to conclusions or resolutions rea*$ dur+ its active /age1 at times1 :5 !y appe> are pass$ ov] lightly & ev5 ) amusem5t4 ,! effects ( ang] may ext5d f> beyond ! p]iod imm$iately aft] ! emotion has disappe>$4 ,! m remote aft]-p]iod1 aft] ! imm$iate effects h pass$ (f or be5 modifi$1 h important results 9 our m5tal life4 ,! mom5tum1 acquir$ dur+ ang] by det]m9$ emotional outbur/1 may be a re5=cem5t to volitional action & may all[ old habits to be m quickly brok5 d[n & new ones =m$4 ,if an error has be5 repeat$ly made ) increas$ irritation1 till ! subject has be5 ?or\ghly ar\s$ to ang] at himself1 ! t5d5cy to repeat ! error is usually successfully =e/all$ by an attitude ( caution & det]m9ation foll[+ ! emotion4 ,! possible failure may be prev5t$ by mild ang] at ! imag9$ humiliat+ result1 :i* increases volitional action to a po9t insur+ success1 & a new mom5tum is acquir$ :i* may h f> rea*+ influ5ces4 ,slight habitual mi/akes1 l errors 9 typewrit+ or speak+1 repeat$ =gett+ ( details1 & social blund]s1 are report$ z cur$ by ang]4 ,mild prolong$ ang] :i* has n _h a fully satisfactory expression may leave 9 its wake a fight+ attitude :i* if transf]r$ into "w enables ! subject to acquire new levels ( activity4 ,a record f ,c4 w illu/rate4 ,he obs]ves1 8,i w\ld n all[ myself to be deject$1 b h plann$ to fight & dig into x l ev]y?+4 ,^! emotions are ! greate/ /imuli ,i h4 ,i get angry1 !n ,i want to get d[n to "w = all ,i am wor?40 ,on ! o!r h&1 ang] :i* has be5 successfully express$ may be foll[$ by a feel+ ( satisfaction 9 ! result & an attitude ( success1 :i* gives mom5tum = increas$ volitional action 9 ! future4 ,!re is usually a residuum f int5se ang] :i* may appe> long aft] ! ang] has consci\sly disappe>$4 ,! recall ( ! situation :i* _h previ\sly excit$ ang] may h little or no feel+2 m]ely indiff]5ce is pres5t4 ,sometimes feel+s ( res5tm5t & dislike are obs]v$1 :ile at o!r times1 !re is amusem5t4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t :ile ! situation :i* has previ\sly excit$ ! emotion may be accompani$ by indiff]5ce ^u its be+ recall$ ei!r volunt>ily or involunt>ily1 !re foll[s an emotion ( dislike & hate4 ,! incid5t itself may be almo/ =gott51 or n recall$ at all1 b ! result ( ang] is to be obs]v$ 9 t5d5cies & emotional dispositions left 9 ! wake ( ! emotion4 ,an ov]-critical attitude1 ) some?+ ( a gossipy t5d5cy & ho/ile suspicion 9 :i* ! b\nds ( ju/ice are p>tly ignor$1 may long cont9ue to reappe> aft] ! emotion itself has pass$ away & ! situation has be5 =gott54 ,x is r probable t a s+le /rong outbur/ ( ang] does n leave ! ho/ile emotional disposition 9 its wake4 ,x is usually ! mild ang]1 prec$$ by mu* feel+ ( humiliation & ang] :i* t5ds to recur aga9 & aga9 till x has settl$ to a ho/ile disposition t[>d ! (f5d]4 ,x is report$ 9 "s in/ances to ref] to ! (f5d]'s way ( talk+1 laugh+1 mann] ( walk+1 8 mode ( dress+2 9 fact any *ance idea ( ! (f5d]'s behavior may be suffici5t to all[ a feel+ ( dislike & disgu/ to appe>4 ,x may be said t ang] :i* disappe>s 9 an unsatisfactory mann] leaves an emotional disposition :i* possesses pot5tialities ( bo? pleasant & unpleasant feel+s4 ,"s p]sons seem to d]ive mu* satisfaction 9 pick+ ! sores ( _! unheal$ res5tm5ts2 little acts ( rev5ge & retaliation are sudd5ly hit ^u2 ev5 hate may h its pleasures4 ,small acts ( rev5ge & retaliation are obs]v$ ) an affective /ate :i* _c be call$ ang]1 b ! subject is aw>e t x ref]s to ! ang] :i* is pass$4 ,"o subject became sev]ely angry at 8 groc] & w5t to trade ) ano!r m]*ant ne> by4 ,he /ates t on sev]al occasions j aft] ! ang]1 :5 buy+ at ano!r place he felt pleas$ at ! o!r man's hav+ lo/ 8 trade4 ,once he obs]ves1 8,i believe ,i b\ght sev]al ?+s ,i did n ne$1 ,i felt ,i 0 retaliat+ & enjoy$ x40 ,! emotional disposition foll[+ ang] may be a s\rce ( r int5se enjoym5t4 ,laught] & mir? are obs]v$ ) ! appe>ance ( an idea t has humiliat$ ! (f5d]4 ,9 su* cases ! laught] is purely spontane\s ) no recall ( ang]4 ,subject ,j4 broke out laugh+ :5 told t ,x4 0 on unfavorable t]ms ) ,y4 ,8 laught]1 he obs]ves1 ref]r$ to a res5tm5t a few days be=e aga9/ ,x4 ,9 fact laught] frequ5tly spr+s r sudd5ly f ! m5tal disposition :i* has foll[$ f ang]4 ,su* cases af=d ano!r in/ance ( ! close intimacy ( our emotions ) ea* o!r4 ,! residuum ( pot5tial feel+s f an emotion ( ang] appe>s 9 ! =m ( less active pleasantness4 ,!re is a relation betwe5 ! imm$iate aft]-p]iod ( ang] & ! m remote "o t is important4 ,if ang] is imm$iately foll[$ by su* emotions z pity1 %ame1 regret or fe>1 any positive t5d5cy left ov] 9 ! remote aft]-p]iod f ! emotion itself is app>5tly lack+4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a negative effect4 ,! subject is immune to re-exp]i5ce ! same emotion f ! same emotional situation aga91 b ang] :i* has disappe>$ ) unpleasant feel+s may t5d to recur 9 a r prolong$ aft]-p]iod & may f9ally settle into an emotional disposition & m5tal attitude :i* play an important role 9 behavior & lat] feel+s4 ,x seems to be true1 t :5 ang] disappe>s consci\sly 9 su* a mann] t ! subject is aw>e t 8 wi%es h n be5 satisfi$ & ! disappe>ance is foll[$ by unpleasant feel+s1 ! imm$iate aft]-p]iod is r b>r5 z comp>$ ) ! out-cropp+ :i* appe>s 9 a m remote p]iod aft] ! emotion4 ,9 ang]1 :5 sudd5 control is requir$1 ! subject is =c$ to att5d to some?+ else or react contr>y to ! emotional t5d5cy to save himself a lat] humiliation4 ,! imm$iate aft]-p]iod is usually "o ( unpleasantness & t5sion4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ! t5d5cy to recur aga9 & aga9 is *>act]i/ic & if1 9 "s lat] recurr5ce or expression ?r\gh ! imag9ative process1 x does n end satisfactorily1 x may settle d[n to an emotional disposition & m5tal attitude4 ,ang] t arises f a =e-p]iod ( irritation 9 :i* ! subject sudd5ly bur/s out ) emotion may h an imm$iate aft]-p]iod ( irritation1 b x leaves little 9 ! remote aft]-p]iod2 ! subject is aw>e t ! emotion is f9i%$4 ,ang] :i* ends ) active pleasantness ( victory leaves an attitude ( confid5ce & success t[>d ! situation :i* has excit$ ! emotion4 ,!re is little t5d5cy = ! emotion1 disappe>+ 9 ?is fa%ion1 to reappe> except 9 its pleasant /age4 ,) a consci\sness ( complete victory 9 ! imm$iate aft]-p]iod1 !re is e/abli%$ an attitude ( positive self-feel+ & confid5ce t[>d ! situation excit+ ! emotion s t a practical immunity aga9/ ! reappe>ance ( ang] 9 its unpleasant /age is rea*$ z a negative result ( ! emotion4 ,!re are wide individual diff]5ces 9 ! ability ( ! subjects /udi$ to all[ ang] to disappe>1 leav+ a pleasant aft]-p]iod4 ,c4 reports b few in/ances 9 :i* 8 ang] disappe>$ ) a fully satisfactory result4 ,he consequ5tly has a weal? ( emotional dispositions & m5tal attitudes foll[+ ang]4 ,on ! o!r h& ,f4 & ,e41 ^: ang] emotions are less int5se1 are e>ly able ei!r to atta9 an inn] victory or to react contr>y to ! emotion & leave an aft]-p]iod ( immunity aga9/ its reappe>ance f ! same m5tal situation4 ,h5ce ! t5d5cies & dispositions left ov] 9 ! aft]-p]iod ( _! ang] are less4 ,e4's dislikes are %ort liv$4 ,x is probable t "s subjects h acquir$ ! habit ( %ort5+ _! emotions ( ang]1 %ort-cutt+ ! unpleasant p]iod ( re/ra9t & e>ly acquir+ ! aft]-p]iod ( relief1 humor or x may be indiff]5ce1 be=e ! emotion has develop$ f>4 ,classifications4 ,ang] might be classifi$ accord+ to a numb] ( s*emes t w\ld s]ve ! purpose ( emphasiz+ its *>act]i/ics4 ,f ! /&po9t ( feel+1 ang] might be class$ z pleasant or unpleasant4 ,"s emotions ( ang] are obs]v$ to be almo/ entirely pleasant f _! e>ly beg9n+ includ+ _! f9al end+4 ,o!r cases h fluctuat+ pleasant & unpleasant /ages4 ,!re are few in/ances ( ang] t h no fla% ( pleasantness any:]e1 9 "s degree be=e ! emotion is f9ally complet$4 ,! unsatisfactorily express$ emotion is almo/ entirely unpleasant4 ,ev5 ang] ( ?is k9d usually %[s "s fla% ( pleasantness or relief at ! mom5t ( ! angry outbur/4 ,secondly1 ang] might be classifi$ z excit+ or calm4 ,! excit+ ang] has great] t5sion dur+ ! p]iod ( ! emotion prop]4 ,!re is usually less co-ord9ation & great] int5sity ( feel+ :i* may be ei!r pleasant or unpleasant4 ,! motor reactions are m prom95t ?an ! m5tal reactions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 calm ang] usually has a long] obs]vable =e & aft]-p]iod ( ! emotion4 ,m5tal processes are int5sifi$1 ! motor expression is correspond+ly less4 ,ang] may be classifi$ accord+ to its function4 ,! emotion may be m]ely an end 9 itself4 ,x relieves ! t5sion ( unpleasant feel+s4 ,x is purgative 9 its effect 9 remov+ an unpleasant m5tal situation4 ,! und]ly+ purpose ( su* ang] is n to increase volitional action1 9 fact1 x may di/urb co-ord9ation to any purposive end4 ,?is type s]ves prim>ily to remove ! t5sion ( unpleasant accumulations ( feel+s 9 "s act ( expression4 ,if successful 9 its purpose1 x may h an indirect hygi5ic effect on m5tal action4 ,fur!r1 ang] may be ( a k9d :i* int5sifies volitional action1 accompli%es "w1 & s]ves ! end ( survival4 ,a residuum 9 m5tal attitude & emotional disposition foll[s1 :i* has possibilities ei!r ( morbidity or a s\rce ( en]gy :i* is sublimat$ into "w4 ,ang] may be classifi$ g5etically on ! basis ( s5tim5ts :i* are violat$ 9 its orig94 ,ang] :i* spr+s f a ?w>t+ ( desires is prim>y 9 its orig94 ,?is is ! usual type ( ang] ( "y *ildr5 & animals4 ,ang] :i* has its s\rce 9 ! self-feel+s1 su* z ! s5tim5ts ( honor & self respect & 9 social feel+s1 ( inju/ice1 ( fairness1 are g5etically lat] 9 _! developm5t4 ,types4 ,?ree r def9ite types appe>4 ,fir/ is ang] :i* rises f a =e-p]iod ( irritable feel+s4 ,x develops by a cumulative process ( irascible feel+s1 ?r\gh a s]ies ( /imuli till ! po9t ( ang] is sudd5ly rea*$4 ,an idea is pres5t at ! po9t ( ang] :i* s]ves z a vehicle ( expression4 ,x may be an idea n directly associat$ ) ! situation excit+ ! emotion4 ,9 fact an app>5tly irrelevant idea may break ! cru/ ( unpleasant feel+ t5sion & s]ve z an objective ref]5ce = ! emotion4 ,ang] ( ?is type is scatt]$4 ,x is n necess>y t ! emotion be ref]r$ to ! actual ?w>t+ idea1 x frequ5tly ref]s to inanimate objects & (t5 arises f ! irritation accompany+ pa94 ,! active p]iod ( ?is type ( emotion is mo/ly voco-motor t5sion & reaction ( l>g] muscles4 ,! imm$iate aft]-p]iod may be a feel+ ( relief1 irascible irritation1 or o!r emotions su* z pity1 %ame1 regret & fe>4 ,its increas$ volitional action may e/abli% a m5tal attitude ( caution & det]m9ation aga9/ a future ?w>t+ :5 x is f9i%$4 ,a new emotion may arise h[ev] f ! same backgr\nd ( irritation4 ,! aft] effects ( an emotion ( ?is type are %all[ & easily =gott54 ,x does n leave hate or dislike 9 its wake1 !re is no?+ left ov] = rev5geful behavior4 ,a second type ( ang] is pr$et]m9$ by ano!r sort ( m5tal disposition4 ,self-feel+s are its s\rce4 ,an idea excites negative self-feel+ & ang] foll[s z a reaction ) ! purpose ( re/or+ positive feel+s ( self4 ,x usually has a great] proportion ( pleasantness ?an ! type describ$ above4 ,its end is to atta9 pleasantness 9 "s =m ( positive self-feel+1 & :5 t is successfully rea*$ ! emotion disappe>s4 ,any idea f a subjective or objective s\rce :i* int5sifies positive feel+s ( self1 t5ds to dim9i% emotion ( ?is type4 ,! ?w>t+ ( a desire1 due to ! damage & inconv5i5ce done1 is insignificant z comp>$ ) ! ?ru/ t "o's pride & self-respect h receiv$4 ,9 ! type above1 !re is ?w>t+ ( desire2 :ile 9 ?is type1 !re is humiliation4 ,9 fact 9 ! latt] type1 s]i\s inconv5i5ce may be suff]$ 9 ! ef=t to heal a w\nd$ self respect4 ,ang] ( ?is type is n s indef9ite 9 its objective ref]5ce4 ,x has direct ref]5ce to an (f5d] be=e ! po9t ( ang] has be5 rea*$1 & ano!r p]son or object _c be sub/itut$ ) any degree ( satisfaction4 ,ang] ( ?is type leaves an important residuum aft] ! emotion has disappe>$ 9 ! =m ( o!r affective processes1 9 t5d5cies1 m5tal attitudes & dispositions1 "s ( :i* h possibilities ( morbidity1 o!rs m]e pleasantness or sublimation into "w4 ,a ?ird type ( ang] is t :i* spr+s f social s5tim5ts involv+ ju/ice & fairness4 ,x has little unpleasant =e-p]iod & arises sudd5ly )\t ! initial cumulative feel+ developm5t :i* is usual ) ! o!r types describ$4 ,! po9t ( ang] is m readily rea*$2 ! emotion is ne>] ! surface z if x 7 ready = a sudd5 rise4 ,! orig9 ( ang] ( ?is type is n unlike ang] :i* spr+s r sudd5ly f an emotional disposition left ov] f ! second type describ$ above4 ,! expression ( ! emotion 9 ?is type is less re/ra9$1 x is usually report$ z pleasant ?r\gh\t4 ,:ile ang] ( ?is type is s5sitive to ju/ice & fairness1 ! two types above may grossly disreg>d ^! s5tim5ts4 ,9 its wake is (t5 obs]v$ ! t5d5cy to reappe>4 ,! aft]-p]iod has n ! possibilities ( s int5se pleasure z ! second type above1 nor ( morbidity1 nor ( a disposition capable ( be+ sublimat$ into "w4 ,! ?ree types above may occur 9 a r pure =m b frequ5tly !y are mix$4 ,:5 desire has be5 ?w>t$ or pride has be5 w\nd$1 a s5se ( misc>ri$ ju/ice or fairness ) ref]5ce to self1 int5sifies ! emotion4 ,9 addition to l[]$ self-feel+1 ! social s5tim5t ( ju/ice & fairness may re-en=ce ! irascible feel+s or negative feel+s ( self4 ,at times make-believe ( (f5d$ fairness is assum$ to ju/ify ! angry behavior1 & consequ5tly increases ! int5sity & all[s pleasurable expression :5 ! subject is vaguely aw>e t ! real cause is 8 own selfi% pride :i* has be5 w\nd$4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,,five ,,educational ,,function ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,f ! pres5t /udy1 ang] may be said to h a two fold functional mean+4 ,fir/ x int5sifies volitional action 9 a useful direction4 ,second1 view$ f ! m5tal conditions "u :i* x occurs1 x may be a sup]flu\s affectivity & is l>gely an end 9 itself4 ,^! two functions are n to be sep>at$4 ,9 fact any s+le emotion ( ang] 9 its diff]5t /ages ( reaction may be m]ely h$onic1 x may s]ve a directly useful purpose or x may be bo?4 ,^! two functional aspects ( ang] are ! basis = p$agogical conclusions4 ,sublimation4 ,ang] 9 a modifi$ =m has be5 ! !me ( ! poet & arti/4 ,) its runn+ mate fe>1 x has play$ an important role 9 religion4 ,primitive magic ) its self ass]tive co]cion ( ! sup]natural1 is n unlike ang]4 ,! curse pray] ( backw>d religion is motivat$ by res5tm5t4 ,a deity ) an irascible temp] l t ( ! anci5t ,hebrews sugge/s ! role ( righte\s indignation 9 ! discipl9e ( ! s\l4 ,plato#a held t ang] is at ! f\ndation ( ! organization ( ! ,/ate4 ,ribot 7#af7 has sugge/$ t x is at ! basis ( ju/ice4 ,m rec5tly ,b]gson writes1 8,no society c rea* civilization unless ?r\gh\t its memb]s1 !re exi/s ! n]v\s organization :i* supports ! s5tim5t ( ang] & ho/ility aga9/ crim9als2 & ?is physical organization is ! f\ndation ( :at we call our moral code40 ,presid5t ,hall 7#aj71 ,james 7#ac71 & ,dewey 7#e7 h sugge/$ t mu* ( ! be/ "w ( ! _w & ! great de$s ( valor h be5 done by ang]4 ,dr4 ,hall /ates1 8,a l>ge "p ( education is to tea* m5 to be angry aright1--x %\ld be "o aim ( p$agogy to %[ h[ ! p[]s ( ! s\l %\ld be utiliz$4--,man has p[]s ( res5tm5t :i* %\ld be hit*$ onto & all[$ to d good & pr(itable "w4 ,we %\ld keep alive our emotions & all[ !m to d our labor40 7,f lecture notes47 ,x has be5 sugge/$ by ,wundt 7#bb71 ,james 7#ac7 & ,/anley 7#ag7 t ! function ( ang] is to increase volitional action4 ,! latt] au?or writes1 8,at "s po9t 9 ! c\rse ( evolution1 ang] comes 9 z a /imulant to aggressive will$ action4 ,"s favor$ individual fir/ atta9$ ! p[] ( gett+ mad1 9 viol5tly attack+ 8 fell[s & s atta9+ su/5ance likely 9 ! /ruggle = food40 ,! same au?or fur!r writes1 8,we take x !n t x 0 a mo/ mom5t\s day 9 ! progress ( m9d :5 ang] 0 fir/ a*iev$ & "s individuals really got mad40 ,education has to d ) ! function ( ang] 9 human ne$s1 9 gr[? & developm5t & 9 m5tal hygi5e4 ,e?ics has at times advocat$ ! elim9ation ( ang] z if x 7 a noxi\s product4 ,f a p$agogical view1 x %\ld be cultivat$ & excit$ aright4 ,! famili> moral exhortations1 8,let n ! sun g d[n on y\r wra?10 8,love y\r enemies & d good to ^? t hate y10 & o!rs l !m1 are 9 accord ) "s satisfactory individual reactions to ang] f ! feel+ side1 :i* h be5 cit$2 b _! univ]sal application w\ld n always s]ve ! purpose ( e?ics4 ,9 p$agogical practice1 !y w\ld fall %ort4 ,a good heal?y res5tm5t is1 at times1 a good ?+ & %\ld be kept alive4 ,! emotion1 if x works1 mu/ n die out too satisfactorily at ! co/ ( real ef=t4 ,!re %\ld be a work+ residuum = ! "t :5 x is ne$$4 ,an injury may be =giv5 too quickly & res5tm5t giv5 up too easily4 ,a heal?y fight+ attitude1 increas$ caution & will$ action turn$ into productive "w is (t5 subv]t$ = an imm$iate satisfactory end+ ( ! emotion4 ,!re are none ( ! subjects /udi$ b obs]ve ?is :olesome effect ( ang] at times4 ,ang] may disappe> successfully & satisfactorily on ! side ( ! feel+s4 ,! subject may atta9 ! full s5se ( victory by a numb] ( devices ( make-believe1 sub/itution1 disguise1 etc4 ,an inn] victory may be a good ?+4 ,9 fact1 all subjects w\ld1 at times1 resort to imag9ative processes motivat$ by ! feel+ & impulsive side ( ! emotion4 ,a subjective satisfaction may 9 fact save ! day1 cle> ! m5tal atmosph]e1 s to speak1 & all[ m5tal life to cont9ue along its habitual l9es4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a subjective victory may become too easy4 ,on ! v]ge ( defeat1 victory is at times imag9$ :i* takes ! place ( real volition4 ,! fight may be c>ri$ too f> ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ideas leav+ little en?usiasm = actual ef=t4 ,a too easy habit ( excus+ ! (f5d] at times s]ves an unpr(itable end4 ,ang] %\ld n be cut (f too ne> its beg9n+ by f9d+ excuses too readily = ! (f5d] or (f5d+ situation4 ,x %\ld at lea/ be all[$ to get a little above ! initial feel+ /age to keep ! emotional life alive or !re is dang] ( laps+ into oblivi\sness to ess5tial rights2 m5tal life becomes too prosaic & commonplace1 on a plateau ) no capacity to acquire new levels4 ,a second po9t ( :i* ! writ] is conv9c$1 is t 9 ord] to /udy ! emotions1 especially ! deep seat$ prim>y emotions l fe> & ang]1 x is necess>y to take into acc\nt ! f9] work+ ( ! emotion 9 its feel+ & impulsive /age ( developm5t & disappe>ance4 ,9 fact1 ! mild] t5u\s emotions ( ang] are m>k$ly important f ! educational side z well z psy*ologically4 ,! normal function ( ! emotion is bett] exemplifi$ 9 ! less int5se exp]i5ces4 ,ang]1 z x is usually ?\ght (1 is ! emotion 9 its excit$ uncontroll$ /age4 ,ang]1 sublimat$ into ke5] intellectual & will$ action1 is no less ang] ?\gh its affective side is less int5se2 its reactive side is work+ 9 bett] accord ) ! evolution>y function ( ! emotion1--to int5sify action 9 a ne$$ direction4 ,9 fact1 affective processes ( indignation1 res5tm5t & irascible feel+s :i* are n call$ ang] 9 ! popul> s5se1 f ! sci5tific side %\ld be consid]$ a "p ( ! ang] consci\sness4 ,!y h ! feel+ =e-/age ( humiliation & an intellectual reaction2 ! residuum ( ! affective process has e m>k ( t victori\s satisfaction1 :i* is typical ( ang]4 ,su* t5u\s emotions are report$ to h f> rea*+ results 9 m5tal behavior & p]sonal developm5t4 ,"o subject1 res5tful at an implication aga9/ ! value ( 8 "w1 consid]s t x /imulat$ him to increas$ det]m9$ action & int5sifi$ endeavor = sev]al mon?s 9 ord] to %[ ! (f5d] he 0 wrong4 ,a41 res5tful ( ,x4's adv]se sugge/ion1 put 9 ?ree days ( sev]e intellectual labor to prove 8 po9t4 ,e4 obs]ves t a humiliation & mild res5tm5t 0 a ke5 /imulus to 8 ambition4 ,8 ambiti\s behavior1 he consid]s 0 accompani$ by increas$ fri5dl9ess t[>d ! (f5d]4 ,! "q 0 privately put to a numb] ( p]sons z to ! effects ( res5tm5t on "s ( _! ambitions 9 ! pa/4 ,e p]son :o 0 ask$1 aft] a c>eful recall1 0 able to f9d "o & "s times sev]al in/ances ( important results ( ang] ( ?is k9d4 ,"s p]sons f e>ly *ildhood h habitually react$ to little res5tm5ts to beat ! (f5d] 9 an ambiti\s way4 ,"o p]son ) defective eyes e>ly became s5sitive ab\t x4 ,any implication aga9/ 8 defect 0 always react$ to1 he says1 by say+ to himself1 8,i w %[ y ,i c d m ) poor eyes ?an y c ) good ones1 & y w be sorry "s day40 ,m4 #bh--8,res5tful because ! p>5ts ( a lady to :om ,i 0 pay+ att5tion did n approve ( me1 ,i det]m9$ to make s mu* ( myself t !y w\ld be sorry4 ,x 0 "o ( ! ma9 inc5tives to my ent]+ on a c>e]4 ,) ?is aim ,i w5t to ! ,univ]sity2 ,i work$ h>d ) success4 ,_m times dur+ ! ye> ,i w\ld recall ! incid5t & w\ld resolve aga9 & aga9 to %[ !m "s day4 ,= two ye>s ?is idea 0 pretty con/antly 9 my m9d4 ,9 ! c\rse ( f\r ye>s ,i n[ take ke5 satisfaction 9 recall+ t ,i h p>tly accompli%$ my purpose40 ,m4 #be4--8;,f\r ye>s ago a fri5d :om ,i admire mu*1 told me t ,i w\ld nev] make a sci5ti/4 ,i h res5t$ x ev] s9ce & h laid plans to %[ him1 :i* ,i h p>tly c>ri$ out4 ,e once 9 a :ile ,i recall 8 /atem5t 9 connection ) my "w4 ,x spurs me on4 ,i imag9e myself s5d+ him a copy ( my sci5tific problem on :i* ,i am work+40 ,m4 #cd4--8;,9 my sophomore ye> 9 college1 ,i fail$ to be elect$ presid5t ( our lit]>y society4 ,i became res5tful aga9/ ! "o :o beat me 9 ! election4 ,?is p]son 0 ambiti\s 9 college conte/s4 ,i n[ laid plans to beat him4 ,i w5t into an oratorical conte/ fir/ ) ! sole aim ( surpass+ him4 ,i did n c>e ab\t ! o!rs4 ,i am c]ta9 t ,i w\ld nev] h gone into ?is conte/ & o!rs if x _h n be5 = a deep set res5tm5t develop$ aga9/ him4 ,i recall yet h[ 9 practic+ & writ+ 9 conte/s dur+ ! two ye>s ( my college "w my aim pr9cipally 0 to surpass ?is p]son4 ,we 7 good fri5ds all ! "t40 ,su* t5u\s res5tm5ts :i* p]si/ = ye>s1 x may be1 aga9/ p ) :om "o is on fri5dly t]ms1 & :i* are accompani$ by a r sudd5 rise 9 ! curve ( p]sonal gr[?1 are evid5tly an ess5tial "p ( ! ang] consci\sness4 ,small] a*ievem5ts ( individual wor? are (t5 report$ to be ! direct result ( a heal?y sort ( reaction f res5tm5t4 ,x is entirely probable t mo/ p]sons1 especially ^? ( irascible disposition1 c\ld po9t to sudd5 spurts 9 _! own p]sonal developm5t & a*ievem5t1 :i* 7 motivat$ by ang] :i* nev] rea*$ ! /age ( int5se excitability or f ! residuum ( excit+ ang] :i* disappe>$ unsuccessfully4 ,freud 7#i7 has tak5 ! view t mu* ( biography %\ld be rewritt5 to include ! "p t sexual motives1 :i* h be5 sublimat$1 play 9 p]sonal ambitions4 ,evid5tly ang] _c be neglect$ by "o :o seeks = motives ( p]sonal gr[? :e!r biograph] or educator4 ,a too s(t p$agogy :i* w\ld heal ov] too soon ! injury to self-feel+s1 has its disadvantages4 ,enc\ragem5t at times by sup]ficial means may cut (f a good heal?y angry reaction :i* may be ne$$4 ,9 fact a little l[]$ self-feel+ ) an irascible response is a good ?+ & x may be a signal = 8h&s (f10 or a little skillful & judici\s sugge/ion4 ,x is frequ5tly obs]v$ by ! subjects /udi$ t ang] at self int5sifies a lagg+ will$ action & breaks up int]f]+ habits4 ,a quotation f ,b4 w illu/rate4 8,i turn$ ! ang] inw>d & vitup]at$ aga9/ myself = be+ su* a lazy man4 ,! emotion ( ! mom5t 0 reliev$ & ,i feel n[ l gett+ d[n to "w at ! /uff & gett+ x out ( ! way40 ,"s subjects "w at _! v be/ :5 mildly angry4 ,att5tion & association processes are int5sifi$ to ! po9t t real difficulties disappe>4 ,ang] 9 ! excit+ /age & at a situation too remote f ! problem at h&1 int]f]es ) m5tal "w4 ,bryan & ,h>t] 7#c7 9 _! /udy ( skill 9 telegraphy1 f\nd t ! skillful op]ator may "w be/ :5 angry1 b ! inexp]i5c$ work] is less effici5t4 ,mi*ael ,angelo is said to h work$ at 8 be/ 9 a /ate ( irascible temp]4 ,! mass ( mank9d are sluggi% & ne$ a he>ty res5tm5t z a /imulant4 ,if ! circum/ances are too s(t & easy1 ! be/ :i* is 9 a man may be dormant2 !re is no tonic to a /rong nature capable ( be>+ x l ang]4 ,_m a good intellect has lack$ ! good p[]s ( res5tm5t necess>y = ! mo/ effici5t "w4 ,! boy :o has n ! capacity = ang] %\ld be delib]ately taught x by "s means4 ,g!1 :o 0 a r ke5 obs]v] ( human nature1 said1 8,) mo/ ( u ! requisite int5sity ( passion is n =?-com+ )\t an elem5t ( res5tm5t1 & common s5se & c>eful obs]vation w ,i believe confirm ! op9ion t few p :o am\nt to any?+ are )\t a good capacity = ho/ile feel+s ^u :i* !y draw freely :5 !y ne$ x40 ,ne$ ( ,expression4 ,! second condition = ! expression ( ang] is t 9 :i* reaction is an end 9 itself4 ,x may be said t :ile on ! "o h& f a g5etic & utilit>ian po9t ( view ! function ( ang] is to d "w1 to aid 9 behavior1 :]e increas$ will$ action is ne$$2 on ! o!r1 ! m]e expressional side 9 connection ) feel+ & impulse assumes an important role 9 e emotion4 ,9 fact ) int5se & excit+ ang]1 utility may be ignor$ & actually ?w>t$1 volitional action is ex]t$ contr>y to objective ne$s4 ,!re is mu* 9 ! expression ( ang] 9 bo? ! subjective & objective reaction to ! emotion ^: impulsive aim is m]ely to release unpleasant feel+ t5sion1 to cle> ! m5tal atmosph]e1 s to speak4 ,a brief resum ( ! reactive consci\sness to ang] w illu/rate4 ,fir/ on ! feel+ side !re occurs a m5tal situation accompani$ by a t5d5cy to expression 9 ord] to remove or modify ! situation4 ,irritation may be reliev$ or turn$ into pleasantness by ! reaction4 ,l[]$ self-feel+ may be re/or$ ) extra comp5sation 9 pleasurable feel+s ( victory1 if ! reaction has be5 successful4 ,second1 ! expression ( ang] involves re/ra9t1 ! crud] unsocial t5d5cies are controll$ & o!rs are sub/itut$ ( a less objectionable & (f5sive nature4 ,by bo? objective & subjective reactions1 devices ( disguise1 transf] & modification ( ! unsocial pugnaci\s t5d5cies may all[ ! re/ra9t to be releas$ & ! emotive t5d5cy fully satisfi$1 9 :i* a feel+ ( pleasantness foll[s4 ,?ird1 ! reaction :i* has be5 fully satisfactory f ! feel+ side1 is foll[$ by a p>tial or complete immunity aga9/ ! recurr5ce ( ! ang] f ! same m5tal situation1 z ! successful reaction has remov$ ! m5tal situation f :i* ! emotion arose4 ,ang] f ! po9t ( view /at$ above1 t\*es ^u ! second educational aim4 ,s l>ge a "p ( ! reactive consci\sness to ang] is motivat$ to f9d a successful surrogate = crud] & unsocial t5d5cies :i* are objectional1 t ?is side ( ang] expression is educationally important4 ,x is a desirable p]sonal equipm5t to h /rong pot5tialities ( ang]4 ,h[ev] !re %\ld be a m5tality :i* is v]satile & active en\gh by tra9+ & habit to react successfully to ! emotion1 9 ! fir/ place to use su* res]voirs ( en]gy = "w1 & second1 to react satisfactorily f ! feel+-side1 :]e ! in/9ctive t5d5cies are re/ra9$1 & break up morbid & unpleasant m5tal t5sion :i* may be an inf]5ce4 ,a good angry outbur/ at times may be a good ?+1 b mo/ frequ5tly "s sort ( surrogate is m satisfactory4 ,habits ( witticism1 ref9$ jok+1 a little good-natur$ play & teas+ )9 ! limits ( propriety s]ves a wor?y end = m5tal hygi5e1 & (t5 leaves a basis = good w & a fri5d%ip :i* w\ld o!rwise be 9 dang]4 ,! habit ( sudd5ly break+ up an angry t5sion by a good ?ru/ ( wit or joke w\ld be a good "o to inculcate ) ! irascibly incl9$4 ,_m p]sons suff] 9 feel+s & lack ( good fri5d%ip because !y h nev] le>n$ to be good m5tal sp>r]s & to relieve _! emotions by socially appropriate reaction r ?an by a me?od ( repression :i* is *eap] at ! mom5t b m exp5sive 9 ! end4 ,_! ang] is too absorb+ & s]i\s4 ,x lacks ! necess>y flexibility1 _! emotions are too ne> ! in/9ctive level & :5 ! in/9ctive t5d5cies are re/ra9$ !y lack m5tal habits ( purg+ _! feel+s 9 a satisfactory way1 consequ5tly suppression is resort$ to z a self-def5se4 ,ang] & ,in/ruction4 ,z ,t]man 7#bj7 has po9t$ out1 ! emotions employ$ 9 ! act ( in/ruction ne$ a sy/ematic inve/igation4 ,! emotions br\ght into play 9 s*ool control1 z inc5tive to "w1 emotional reactions :i* ret>d1 & ^? :i* accel]ate le>n+ & effici5t "w 9 classes1 ^! are little kn[n sci5tifically4 ,ang]1 or1 p]haps1 bett] pot5tialities ( ang] 9 bo? tea*] & pupils1 is impulsively us$ 9 ! role ( tea*+4 ,skill 9 us+ ?is emotion aright is "p ( ! tea*]'s /ock 9 trade4 ,pugnacity 9 ! =m ( rivalry is a common device4 ,individual ,diff]5ces4 ,fir/1 !re is ! problem ( individual diff]5ces 9 ! emotional life ( /ud5ts2 & ! tea*]1 too1 = t matt]4 ,) "s1 ! dom9ant emotion is fe> & anxiety4 ,! mat]ial ( ! pres5t /udy %[s a wide v>iation 9 ! type & "* ( emotional reactions ( ! subjects /udi$ 9 :i* ang] is "o ( ! mo/ frequ5tly occurr+ emotions4 ,?is diff]5ce is illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ summ>y f ?ree subjects3 ,) ,j41 ang] pr$om9ates ov] fe>2 he kn[s b little ( ! latt] emotion4 ,ang] usually occurs f a =e-p]iod ( l[]$ self-feel+1 ! feel+ int5sity ( ! =e-p]iod is n /rong4 ,! reactive /age ( ! ang] does n rea* a high degree ( excitem5t4 ,) him1 ang] usually disappe>s into indiff]5ce & unpleasantness1 leav+ t5d5cies ( passive dislike4 ,he obs]v$ no cases ( ang] at inju/ice or unfairness except :5 ! latt] s5tim5ts ref]r$ to himself4 ,8 ang] = ! mo/ "p is an unsuccessful exp]i5ce & is unpleasant4 ,he consequ5tly tries to avoid gett+ angry & has relatively few emotions4 ,! aft]-p]iod ( 8 ang] t5ds to be a little morbid1 lack+ any /rongly m>k$ disposition :i* is ! s\rce ( t5d5cies to d m "w4 ,subject ,g4 has ang] z a dom9ant emotion ov] fe>4 ,he sc>cely kn[s ang] :i* arises f a =e-p]iod ( humiliation except ang] at himself :5 he has be5 ineffici5t4 ,he does n hold res5tm5ts aga9/ p]sons b aga9/ situations & pr9ciples4 ,ang] is usually unpleasant except a mild aft]-p]iod ( relief4 ,) him1 ang] is a means ( ?r[+ (f sup]flu\s feel+s ( irritation & s]ves b little ! purpose ( "w1 except to increase volitional action = ! mom5t4 ,8 ang] (t5 ref]s to himself4 ,ang] at unfairness t5ds to ref] to ! pr9ciple r ?an to ! p]son4 ,! emotion occurs m frequ5tly :5 he is unwell4 ,x is r sl[ to appe>1 by a gradual accumulation1 till ! po9t ( ang] is rea*$2 ! emotion does n atta9 a high degree ( excitem5t4 ,) subject ,c4 ! "* & type ( ang] reaction is 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! two subjects m5tion$ above4 ,he kn[s b little ( fe> except 9 extreme situations4 ,8 ang] ne>ly all spr+s f a =e-p]iod ( humiliation & is (t5 int5se 9 its mo/ active /age4 ,= a "t dur+ ! mo/ int5se /age ( ! emotion1 he almo/ loses ! s5se ( ju/ice2 b z ! emotion beg9s to die d[n1 he has a habit ( excus+ ! (f5d] & look+ at 8 side ( ! "q4 ,8 ang] is frequ5tly foll[$ by pity1 remorse1 %ame & fe>4 ,! emotion is bo? pleasant & unpleasant4 ,! disappe>ance is usually unpleasant & leaves a weal? ( affective t5d5cies & m5tal attitudes :i* are lat] a s\rce ( bo? pleasant & unpleasant feel+s4 ,ang] is "o ( ! greate/ /imuli he has to d "w4 ,he w "w = days prep>+ "s subject 9 :i* he has _h opposition t excit$ 8 res5tm5t 9 ord] to ev5 up ) ! (f5d]1 & takes extreme delight 9 mak+ 8 po9t4 ,8 t5d5cy to ang] is great] :5 feel+ well pleas$ ) himself4 ,! residuum ( 8 emotion involves attitudes ( det]m9ation & idealization :i* plays an important role 9 8 ambition 9 g5]al4 ,! description above w suffice to %[ ! problem 9 individual diff]5ces 9 emotional life4 ,) "s subjects fe> is ! rul+ passion4 ,subjects ,a4 & ,b4 h almo/ an ev5 proportion ( fe> & ang] dur+ ! p]iod ( obs]vation4 ,h[ev] ^! in/ances repres5t adult p]sons4 ,h[ f> ! habitual emotional reactions are det]m9$ by tra9+ & in/ruction1 is an important "q4 ,x is highly probable t ! "* ( tra9+ 9 *ildhood & e>ly adolesc5ce plays a lead+ "p4 ,subject ,c4 above 0 an only *ild & took consid]able lic5se1 almo/ gett+ beyond ! control ( 8 p>5ts at an e>ly age4 ,j4 reports t at e>ly adolesc5ce1 ang] 0 mu* m frequ5t & int5se ?an at pres5t4 ,he believes t an e>ly philosophical notion t intellig5ce %\ld dom9ate ! emotions1 _h an influ5ce 9 e/abli%+ 8 pres5t emotional habits4 ,g4 0 e>ly taught t x 0 s9ful to get angry1 an idea :i* he accept$ at ! "t4 ,8 ang] r>ely ref]s to p]sons b v5ts on objects1 pr9ciples & situations involv$4 ,he has relatively few emotions ( ang]4 ,he believes t 8 e>ly religi\s tra9+ 0 ( importance 9 m\ld+ ! habitual reactions :i* he n[ assumes :5 angry4 ,su* mat]ial z we h makes x entirely probable t a l>ge "p ( ! habitual m5tal reactions assum$ 9 ang] is ! result ( tra9+4 ,x may be said fur!r t :5 in/ruction involves affairs ( emotional life1 individual diff]5ce become a /ill m press+ problem ?an :5 intellig5ce is ! crit]ion4 ,o!r inf]5ces ( ! role ( ang] 9 ! act ( in/ruction are sugge/$ f ! pres5t /udy4 ,if ! tea*] himself does n possess ! ability ( well def9$ res5tm5t aga9/ an infr+em5t ( fairness1 advantage ( ?is defect may be tak5 by ! al]t pupil unless !re is comp5sation = x 9 ano!r direction z by ! pr9ciple ( co-op]ation1 by love or pride appeal$ to4 ,cooley h[ev] puts ! matt] a little too /rongly :5 he says1 8,no tea*] c ma9ta9 discipl9e unless 8 s*ol>s feel t 9 "s mann] he w res5t a brea* ( x40 7,human ,nature & ! ,social ,ord] 7#d71 ,page #bdd47 ,! me?od ( s*ool control itself ref]s to "s ext5t to ! individual emotional life ( ! tea*]1 z well z pupil4 ,:5 ang] ent]s into ! role ( discipl9e1 ( ! ?ree types already discuss$1 t :i* spr+s f ! s5tim5t ( ju/ice is mo/ effici5t 9 in/ruction4 ,ang] :i* arises f irritable feel+s1 f its nature becomes a dang]\s emotion to be us$ 9 discipl9e4 ,emotion ( ?is type develops by a cumulative process till ! po9t ( ang] has be5 rea*$4 ,x too readily ignores ju/ice & is easily transf]r$ f ! real (f5d] & may f9ally break out aga9/ an innoc5t p>ty :o may h unwitt+ly t\*$ (f ! feel+s :i* h be5 accumulat$ by previ\s /imuli1 consequ5tly ang] ( ?is type :i* is s frequ5tly display$ 9 s*ool rooms usually defeats ! ends ( discipl9e4 ,ang] ) a =e-p]iod ( l[]$ self-feel+ because ( ! p]sonal elem5t ent]+ into ?is type ( ang] & ! t5d5cy to ignore ju/ice c evid5tly be resort$ to b sp>+ly 9 s*ool control unless x also involves ! s5se ( ju/ice4 ,ano!r po9t ! tea*] has to take into acc\nt is t f 8 position1 if he is held 9 respect1 ! ang] he excites 9 ! /ud5t w usually be prec$$ by humiliation &1 if he has be5 unfair1 x w be int5sifi$ by ! s5se ( (f5d$ fairness4 ,ang] ( ?is type is ! "o mo/ frequ5tly foll[$ by an emotional disposition aga9/ ! (f5d]4 ,x is ! residuum ( unsuccessfully express$ ang] ( ?is type :i* becomes a di/urb+ elem5t 9 s*ool control ) ! /ud5t :o is irascibly incl9$4 ,! wise tea*] :o und]/&s ! individual emotional life ( ! pupil & ! nature ( ! aft]-p]iod ( ang]1 w skillfully remove ! morbid residuum & ally ! res5tful pupil on 8 side4 ,dislike foll[+ ang]1 is skillfully remov$1 w frequ5tly increase ! fri5d%ip ( ! (f5d] m ?an be=e ! (f5se4 ,?is pr9ciple ( comp5sation 9 ! aft]-p]iod is ?us to be utiliz$ 9 discipl9e4 ,x may be a good plan delib]ately to br+ a moody pupil to ! po9t ( ang] & let him v5t 8 wra?4 ,any puni%m5t 9 discipl9e has ! possibilities ( be+ dang]\s to s*ool control1 especially ) ! /ud5t ( pugnaci\s disposition1 if ! ju/ice ( ! puni%m5t _c be recogniz$ by ! (f5d+ pupil4 ,evid5tly a mi/ake 9 control is n to recognize ! individual diff]5ces 9 emotional life & to attempt to use ! discipl9e ( fe> ) an irascible boy :o kn[s no fe>4 ,ang]1 disappe>+ unsuccessfully1 may leave a morbid residuum :i* completely disqualifies ! /ud5t = effici5t le>n+1 consequ5tly :5 x exi/s1 x is ! bus9ess ( ! educator to remove ! morbidity1 trans=m x into "w or to h ! pupil transf]r$2 = x may be z s]i\s a h9drance to le>n+ z ad5oids or defective s5se organs4 ,!re is e reason to believe t a l>ge "p ( ! m5tal reactions to ang] is individually acquir$ habits1 consequ5tly successful & satisfactory reactions are a matt] ( tra9+4 ,pot5tialities ( ang] may actually be taught indirectly by build+ up ! s5tim5ts & m5tal disposition f :i* ang] arises4 ,:atev] w increase ideals & new desires1 a*ievem5ts 9 s*ool :i* all[ a bett] op9ion ( self & build up ! s5tim5t ( self-reg>d1 ( fairness & ju/ice1 are at "w at ! v root ( ang] consci\sness4 ,! /udy ( ! m5tal situation f :i* ang] arises all[s e reason to believe t :5 !re is a lack ( pot5tialities to ang]1 x may be built up 9 ?is indirect mann]4 ,! /ud5t :o lacks good heal?y res5tm5t :5 ! prop] /imulus is at h& evid5tly is weak 9 ! s5tim5t ( self-reg>d1 desire to a*ieve1 or s5se ( fairness4 ,:atev] ex]cises w excite ! pugnaci\s in/9ct1 if done satisfactorily may involve a tra9+ 9 emotional habits4 ,habits ( good fight+ 9 "w & play1 ! give & take 9 debate1 class discussion1 ! witty retort1 box+1 ! team games if c>ri$ on aright1 af=d good ex]cise = ! emotions4 ,to acquire good habits ( behavior :5 "u fire1 to fight clean & to ! f9i%+ po9t1 to take defeat 9 a sportsman-l mann]1 are valuable acquisitions educationally :e!r !y are acquir$ 9 a?letics or ! rivalry ( intellectual "w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a?letics & m5tal conte/s may be c>ri$ on "u conditions ( emotional reaction1 :i* defeat ! aim ( heal?y emotional habits & consequ5tly lack _! bett] educational significance4 ----- ,footnote #a4 ,! ,republic ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,bibliography ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #a4 ,,a*1 ,n4 ,ueb] die ,will5/atigkeit und das ,d5k54 ,e9e ,exp]im5telle ,und]su*ung mit e9em ,anhang3 ,ueb] das ,hipps*e ,*ronoskop4 ,gott+54 ,v&5hoe* & ,rupre*t4 #aije4 #b4 ,,ba91 ,,alex&]4 ,! emotion & ! ,w4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,london4 ,longman4 #ahge4 #c4 ,,bryan1 ,w4 ,d4 ,,& ,,h>t] ,n4 ,/udies 9 ! ,physiology & ,psy*ology ( ! ,telegraphic ,language4 ,psy*ological ,review1 ,vol4 #d3 #bg-eh4 #d4 ,,cooley1 ,c4 ,h4 ,human ,nature & ! ,social ,ord]4 ,c4 ,scribn]'s ,sons4 #aijb4 #e4 ,,dewey1 ,,john4 ,psy*ology4 ,new ,york4 ,am]ican ,book ,company4 #ahij4 #f4 ,,dewey1 ,,john4 ,! ,!ory ( ,emotions4 ,psy*ological ,review4 ,,ii4 pp4 #ac-cb4 #g4 ,f,r1 ,c4 ,l'anti?se dans l'expression des motions4 ,rev4 ,philos4 #ahif4 ,,xlii1 #dih-eja4 #h4 ,,freud1 ,s4 ,d] ,witz und se9e ,beziehung zum ,unbewus/54 ,leipzig und ,wi5 ,f4 ,deuticke4 #aije4 pp4 #bje4 #i4 ,,freud1 ,s4 ,drei ,abh&lung5 zur ,sexual!orie4 ,wi54 ,deuticke4 #aiaj4 #aj4 ,,hall1 ,g4 ,,/anley4 ,adolesc5ce4 ,d4 ,appleton & ,co4 #aiji4 #aa4 ,,hall1 ,g4 ,,/anley4 ,a ,/udy ( ,ang]4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,psy*ology4 ,vol4 #aj4 pp4 #eaf-eia4 #ab4 ,,irons1 ,,david4 ,psy*ology ( ,e?ics4 ,ed9burgh4 ,blackwood & ,sons1 #aijc4 #ac4 ,,james1 ,w4 ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology4 ,h5ry ,holt & ,co4 #ahif4 #ad4 ,k,,lpe1 ,o4 ,grundis d] ,psy*ologic4 ,leipzig ,engelmann4 #ahic4 p4 #dgh4 #ae4 ,,mcd\gall1 ,w4 ,an ,introduction to ,social ,psy*ology4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,london4 ,b4 ,luce4 #aiac4 #af4 ,,ribot1 ,,?4 ,a4 ,! ,psy*ology ( ! ,emotions4 ,london4 ,walt] ,scott ,ltd41 ,pat]no/] ,squ>e4 #ahig4 #ag4 ,,/anley1 ,h4 ,m4 ,/udies 9 ! ,evolution>y ,psy*ology ( ,feel+s4 ,macmillan4 #ahii4 #ah4 ,,/e9metz1 ,s4 ,r4 ,e?nologis*e ,/udi5 zur er/5 ,entwicklung d] ,/rafe neb/ e9] ,psy*ologis*5 ,abh&lung ,ub] ,grausamkeit und ,ra*su*t4 ,vol4 #b4 ,leyd54 #aije4 #ai4 ,,tit*5]1 ,e4 ,b4 ,outl9es ( ,psy*ology4 ,macmillan4 #aijf4 #bj4 ,,t]man1 ,l4 ,! ,tea*]'s ,heal?1 ,a ,/udy 9 ! ,hygi5e ( an ,occupation4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company4 #aiac4 #ba4 ,,wundt1 ,w4 ,outl9es ( ,psy*ology4 ,translat$ by ,c4 ,h4 ,judd4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,/e*]t4 #aijg4 #bb4 ,,wundt1 ,w4 ,human & ,animal ,psy*ology4 ,translat$ by ,j4 ,f4 ,creighton & ,e4 ,b4 ,tit*5]4 ,macmillan4 #ahif4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,index ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,a*3 ,on /udy ( w1 #f4 ,ang]3 ,on volunt>y control (1 #g2 introspection (1 #g1 #ab-ac2 function (1 #h1 #fh2 m5tal situation giv+ rise to1 *4 ,i2 =e-p]iod (1 *4 ,i2 ref]r+ to p]sons1 #ae1 #af1 #bf2 ref]r+ to objects2 #ad1 #af1 #gg1 #ic2 ref]r+ to self1 #bb-bc2 delay$ disappe>ance (1 #bc-be2 )\t imm$iate =e-p]iod1 #be-bg2 behavior ( consci\sness dur+1 *4 ,,ii1 #ec2 vocal expression (1 #cf-ch2 attributive reaction to1 #cc-df2 contr>y reaction to1 #df-ej2 indiff]5t reaction to1 #ej2 disappe>ance (1 *4 ,,iii1 #fj-fb2 consci\s aft]-effects (1 *4 ,,iv1 #gd2 classification (1 #ge1 #gg2 types (1 #gg-gi2 education (1 *4 ,v2 at s]vants & *ildr51 #ae2 9 relation to ju/ice1 #af1 #bb1 #hc2 aft] p]iod (1 #gd1 *4 ,,iv2 control (1 #ec1 #eh1 #ei2 9 s*ool control1 #ia-id4 ,ari/otle3 ,on education ( emotions1 #a4 ,att5tion3 ,*ange ( 9 disappe>ance ( ang]1 #eh4 ,attitude3 ,reaction to ang]1 #dd-df1 #eh1 #gj4 ,attributive ,reaction3 ,9 expression ( ang]1 #cb4 ,ba93 ,on introspective view ( ang]1 #ab4 ,behavior3 ,importance 9 /udy ( emotions1 #c1 #g4 ,b]gson3 ,conc]n+ ang] & society1 #hc4 ,bryan & ,h>t]3 ,effects ( ang] dur+ practice1 #hh4 ,dewey1 ,john3 ,on relation ( in/9ct & emotions1 #ab2 conc]n+ ! function ( ang]1 #hc4 ,emotion3 ,function (1 #e1 #he-hh2 introspection (1 #a2 importance ( /ructure (1 #a2 me?od ( /udy (1 #f2 factors 9 developm5t (1 #aa2 initial /eps (1 #ae4 ,feel+s3 ,irritable feel+s 9 developm5t ( ang]1 #ac1 #ad-ae4 ,see pleasantness & unpleasantness4 ,fr3 ,conc]n+ ang] ) p>anoices1 #ab4 ,freud3 ,on sex z a motive 9 conduct1 #hh2 on !ory ( wit1 #ci-dj4 ,function3 ,ref]r+ to ang]1 #h1 #fh1 #gb1 *4 ,v ,g!3 ,on function ( res5tm5t1 #hi4 ,gossip3 ,& ang]1 #ci1 #db1 #ef1 #ei1 #gb4 ,hall3 ,conc]n+ education ( ang]1 #hc2 on education ( emotions1 #hd4 ,habits3 ,& expression ( ang]1 #ie4 ,hate3 ,developm5t f ang]1 #gb4 ,individual ,diff]5ces3 ,9 emotional behavior1 #ei1 #ge1 #ia-id4 ,in/ruction3 ,& ang]1 #ia-ic4 ,introspection3 ,difficulty ( ) emotions1 #a4 ,imag9ation3 ,a factor 9 control & expression ( ang]1 #cg1 #fb1 #he2 invective1 #cf-ch4 ,imag]y3 ,visual & motor 9 expression ( ang]1 #cc-ce4 ,irony3 ,a means ( reaction to ang]1 #cf-db4 ,irons1 ,david3 ,appe>ance ( ang]1 #ab2 behavior ( consci\sness dur+ ang]1 #ca4 ,james1 ,william3 ,on function ( ang]1 #cc1 #hd4 ,joy3 ,foll[+ ang]1 #fi1 #gc-gd4 ,ju/ice3 ,facilitates developm5t ( ang]1 #af2 ignor+ ( :5 angry1 #bb1 #hc4 ,klpe3 ,conc]n+ volunt>y action & emotions1 #ab4 ,make-believe3 ,9 expression ( ang]1 #ci1 #fb4 ,magnan3 ,conc]n+ ang] 9 p>anoices1 #ab4 ,mc,dougall3 ,on g5etic view ( orig9 ( ang]1 #aa4 ,pity3 ,foll[+ ang]1 #fe1 #ff4 ,p$agogy3 ,dang] ( too s(t1 #hh4 ,play3 ,a means ( expression ( ang]1 #ce-cf4 ,pleasantness3 ,a condition ( disappe>ance ( ang]1 #fj1 #ec1 #ee1 #eg1 #ei2 9 aft]-p]iod ( ang]1 #fg1 #gc4 ,ribot3 ,on ang] & ju/ice1 #hc4 ,s>casm3 ,9 expression ( ang]1 #ch1 #da4 ,self3 ,imag9>y exaltation (1 #dc-dd4 ,s5tim5t ( ,self ,reg>d3 ,=e-p]iod ( ang]1 #bj-ba4 ,/e9metz3 ,on dang] ) primitive p1 #ab4 ,%ame3 ,foll[+ ang]1 #ag1 #ff4 ,sublimation3 ,9 expression ( ang]1 #hc-ib4 ,swe>+3 ,9 expression ( emotions1 #cg4 ,tit*5]3 ,on factors 9 developm5t ( emotions1 #aa4 ,unpleasantness3 ,dur+ ang]1 #ed1 #fj1 #gd4 ,witticism3 ,9 expression ( ang]1 #ci-db1 #eh4 ,wundt3 ,conc]n+ volunt>y action1 #e1 #hd4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,! table ( cont5ts has be5 *ang$ to include ,*apt]s ,f\r & ,five to mat* ! book's cont5ts4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation & acc5ts h be5 /&>dis$ b all o!r spell+ & punctuation rema9s un*ang$4