,,! ,,*ur*1 ,,! ,,fall+ ,,away1 ,,& ,,! ,,re/oration ,,by ,j4 ,w4 ,,%eph]d ,editor ( ,h&book on ,baptism1 ,qu]ies & ,answ]s1 ,salvation ( ,s91 ,:at is ! ,new ,te/am5t ,*ur*8 ,,gospel ,,advocate ,,company ,na%ville1 ,t5n4 #aifa ,copyright #aibi ,by ,f4 ,l4 ,r[e ,gospel ,advocate ,co41 ,own] ,na%ville1 ,t5n4 ,,cont5ts ,preface #c ,,"p ,,"o ,! ,*ur* ,:at ,%\ld ! ,*ur* ( ! ,pres5t ,be8 #e ,! ,*ur* & ! ,temple #i ,infant ,baptism #af ,conditions ( ,memb]%ip #be ,conditions ( ,admission #be ,ag5cies #bh ,conditions #bh ,conditions ( ,cont9u$ ,memb]%ip #bi ,! ,wor%ip #cb ,! ,apo/les' ,tea*+ #cf ,! ,fell[%ip #ch ,break+ ,bread #ci ,pray]s #dj ,s++ #dj ,polity #db ,! ,^w ( ,god #db ,names #dc ,congregational ,indep5d5ce #dd ,eld]s #de ,deacons #dg ,evangeli/s #dg ,,"p ,,two ,! ,fall+ ,away ,! ,fall+ ,away ,pr$ict$ #di ,! ,fall+ ,away #ed ,! ,confessional #fc ,indulg5ces #fg ,john ,tetzel #fi ,,"p ,,?ree ,! ,re=mation ,9 ,europe ,john ,wyckliffe #gd ,translates ! ,bible ,into ,engli% #ge ,william ,tyndale #gi ,erasmus ,arrives 9 ,engl& #hj ,tyndale ,translates ! ,bible ,into ,engli% #hb ,goes to ,hamburg #hd ,bi%op ( ,london ,supplies ,money #hf ,betray$ & ,murd]$ #hh ,m>t9 ,lu!r #hi ,a ,fri5d ,inde$ #ij ,becomes a ,monk #ia ,makes a ,pilgrimage to ,rome #id ,pr(essor ( ,!ology at ,witt5burg #if ,! ,n9ety-five ,!ses #ig ,debates ,) ,john ,eck & ,burns ! ,papal ,bull #ajj ,be=e ! ,diet ( ,worms #ajc ,"u ,imp]ial ,ban #aaj ,a ,*ange ,comes ,ov] ,lu!r #aab ,reta9s ,:at ,is ,n ,=bidd5 #aae ,orig9 ( ,prote/antism #aaf ,! ,re=mation 9 ,switz]l& #abb ,! ,re=mation 9 ,engl& #abf ,*anges ,made by ,edw>d ,,vi #abi ,bloody ,m>y #aca ,elizabe?1 ! ,prote/ant ,que5 #acc ,! ,re=mation 9 ,scotl& #ach ,! ,indep5d5ts #ach ,haldane & ,aikman #ada ,! ,scot* ,bapti/s #adb ,! ,sep>ati/s #add ,,"p ,,f\r ,! ,re/oration ,movem5t ,9 ,am]ica ,spiritual ,unre/ 9 ,_m ,places #adh ,b>ton ,w4 ,/one #aec ,confront$ by ,_m ,difficulties #aec ,orda9$ to ! ,m9i/ry #aeg ,rem>kable ,meet+ at ,cane ,ridge #afj ,a ,"t ( ,di/ress #afc ,la/ ,w & ,te/am5t #aff ,! ,witnesses' ,address #afg ,practices ,modifi$ 9 ,_m ,p>ticul>s #afi ,%ak]ism #agj ,! ,"w ,prosp]s #aga ,?omas ,campbell #age ,conflict ,) ! ,sec$]s #age ,! ,decl>ation & ,address #ahj ,alex&] ,campbell #ahh ,subject & ,act ( ,baptism ,settl$ #ahh ,! ,r$/one ,association #aie ,a ,wid] ,field #aii ,! ,campbell-,mc,calla ,discussion #bjc ,visits ! ,k5tucky ,bapti/s #bjg ,john ,smi? #bji ,s\l ,/ruggles #baj ,desires to ,prea* #bac ,t]rible ,calamity #bae ,prea*es at ,crab ,or*>d #bae ,! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/ #bag ,fett]s ,ca/ ,(f #bah ,resolves to ,prea* ! ,simple ,gospel #bbj ,anci5t ,ord]--,bapti/s 9 ,k5tucky #bbd ,walt] ,scott #bca-bcf ,a ,s9c]e ,tru? ,seek] #bcb ,turn+ ,po9t 9 ,8 ,life #bce ,re=m]s 9 ,o!r ,/ates--,john ,wright #bdf ,h]man ,*ri/ian ,da%] #bdi ,! ,*ri/ians & ,re=m]s ,unite #bea ,,preface ,an ef=t is made 9 ! foll[+ pages to set =? :at ! ,new ,te/am5t *ur* 0 :5 x came into ! _w ?r\gh ! prea*+ ( inspir$ m52 h[ x 0 l$ into apo/asy2 & an acc\nt ( "s ( ! _m attempts to re/ore x to its orig9al purity & simplicity4 ,9 proportion z any religi\s "w becomes a pot5t =ce 9 affect+ ! welf>e ( mank9d1 its e>ly hi/ory becomes int]e/+ & important4 ,?is is especially true ( ! v beg9n+ ( its hi/ory :]e ^? influ5ces :i* h mold$ its "* are mo/ cle>ly se54 ,x is due to ! _w no less ?an to ! h]oic m5 :o 7 *ief actors 9 su* a movem5t1 t ! motives :i* inspir$ !m1 ! pr9ciples :i* guid$ !m1 & ! =ces :i* oppos$ !m1 toge!r ) ! results ( ?is conflict1 %\ld be set d[n accurately = ! in=mation & = ! b5efit ( ^? :o are seek+ ! tru?4 ,if ! writ] did n mo/ pr(\ndly believe t ?is ef=t to re/ore ! ,new ,te/am5t *ur* 0 "o ( ^? provid5tial movem5ts design$ by ,jehovah to correct exi/+ evils1 & to purify religion f its corruptions t ! gospel may run & be glorifi$ 9 ! e>?1 !n he w\ld feel b little int]e/ 9 its hi/ory & a*ievem5ts4 ,b recogniz+1 z ,i d1 ! h& ( ,god 9 ?is rem>kable movem5t ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 x is believ$ t an important s]vice is be+ r5d]$ by putt+ on record ! causes :i* gave bir? to x1 & ! influ5ces :i* by action & reaction h made x :at x is4 ,if ,god ov]rules 9 human affairs1 & tea*es m5 by means ( hi/ory1 !n he :o fai?fully records hi/oric facts fulfills an important s]vice 9 ! education ( m54 ,?is is pre-em95tly true ( t k9d ( hi/ory :i* deals ) ! /ruggles ( ! human m9d & he>t to "k ,god1 & to und]/& 8 w conc]n+ human r$emption4 ,x is ( ! v greate/ importance to ! successful c>ry+ =w>d ( ! ,"l's "w t ! y\ng] g5]ation %\ld become ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! _s :i* animat$1 & ! pr9ciples :i* controll$ ! m5 :o1 "u ,god1 gave ! prim>y impulse to ?is great "w4 ,!y %\ld become famili> ) ! conflicts ( ^? e>ly days & ) ! trem5d\s sacrifices made by ^? valiant m5 & wom5 :o lov$ ! tru? m ?an popul>ity1 m ?an ease1 m ?an weal?1 fri5ds1 & family ties4 ,x is only z we %all be able to p]petuate ?is love ( tru?1 ?is fre$om f ! bondage ( tradition & inh]it$ op9ions1 t we %all be able to c>ry =w>d1 successfully ! "w !y inaugurat$4 ,we ne$ ! same dauntless h]oism1 ! same fai? 9 ,god1 ! same zeal = tru? & ! same und]ly+ pr9ciples :i* *>act]iz$ !m & :o h transmitt$ to u ! responsibility ( c>ry+ =w>d ! "w :i* !y began4 ,if ?is volume :i* is n[ s5t =? %all s]ve to inspire ! work]s :o are to succe$ u ) ! same passion = pure apo/olic ,*ri/ianity1 ) ! same _s ( loyalty to ,*ri/1 :i* m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( _! "w1 ! purpose ( ! writ] %all h be5 fulfill$4 ,j4 ,w4 ,%eph]d4 ,birm+ham1 ,ala41 ,july #be1 #aibi4 ,,"p ,i4 ,! ,*ur*4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,:at ,,%\ld ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,be8 ,t ! *ur* is ! bride ( ,*ri/ is cle>ly express$ 9 ! foll[+3 ,:]e=e1 my bre?r51 ye also 7 made dead to ! law ?r\gh ! body ( ,*ri/2 t ye %\ld be jo9$ to ano!r1 ev5 to him :o 0 rais$ f ! dead1 t we might br+ =? fruit unto ,god 7,rom4 #g3d74 ,= ,i am jeal\s ov] y ) a godly jeal\sy3 = ,i esp\s$ y to "o husb&1 t ,i might pres5t y z a pure virg9 to ,*ri/ 7,,ii ,cor4 #aa3b74 ,9 ^! passages ! bride evid5tly means ! *ur*4 ,t ! bride w rema9 till ! ,bridegroom comes !re c be no reasonable d\bt2 t %e has ev] wait$ 8 com+ is equally c]ta94 ,%e has be5 9 great di/ress1 be+ driv5 into ! wild]ness & depriv$ ( mu* ( h] glory1 b %e has ev] look$ = ! com+ ( h] esp\s$4 ,9 :at condition ! ,bridegroom w f9d h] is a "q ab\t :i* !re has be5 mu* speculation4 ,unless we believe t ! ,bridegroom1 :5 he comes1 w f9d 8 bride 9 di%onor--liv+ 9 =nication ) ! _w--we may n measure ! *ur* by human /&>ds4 ,t ! bride w be f\nd we>+ ! "n ( ! ,bridegroom & liv+ 9 *a/ity :5 he comes to claim h]1 !re is no room = reasonable d\bt4 ,! _w may be deeply defil$ by crime1 b ! *ur* w be array$ 9 h] robes ( righte\sness4 ,h5ce1 :ile ! *ur* may h its impurities1 z ev]y?+ compos$ ( humanity has1 x mu/ at lea/ be uncontam9at$ to ! ext5t ( fidelity to ,*ri/4 ,?is may cut (f mu* ( :at ! _w calls ! *ur*1 b n :at ,god reg>ds z ! *ur*4 ,?is has ev] be5 ! case s9ce ! apo/asy1 & w d\btless s cont9ue to ! end4 ,9 ! days ( ! apo/les1 ,god _h a p 9 ,babylon1 b :ile !y 7 9 ,babylon !y 7 n ( ,babylon4 ,h5ce ! ,"l says3 ,come =?1 my p1 out ( h]1 t ye h no fell[%ip ) h] s9s1 & t ye receive n h] plagues 7,rev4 #ah3d74 ,god d\btless has a p 9 ,babylon n[2 b !y & ,babylon are two di/9ct ?+s4 ,god's *ur* is n compos$ ( ! ,babel ( sect>ianism4 ,j :o ,god's p are :o may n[ be 9 ,babylon x is n my purpose to det]m9e4 ,god has reveal$ to u ! ?+s t p]ta9 to 8 *ur*--! fai?1 ! practice1 & ! promises--& ) ^! x is my purpose to deal4 ,"h1 all is fai? & assurance2 beyond ?is1 all is op9ion & fruitless speculation4 ,conc]n+ ^? 9 ,babylon we h b "o liv+ direction4 ,come =?1 my p1 out ( h]4 ,to ?is we %\ld give fai?ful he$4 ,= to console p 9 ! ,babylon ( sect>ianism1 & to reconcile !m to _! bondage1 we h no div9e "r2 b to deliv] !m f x is a div9e obligation4 ,!re=e ,god's *ur* is an in/itution sep>ate & di/9ct f ! ,babel ( d5om9ationalism4 ,9 det]m9+1 !n1 :at ! *ur* %\ld be1 x w be necess>y to asc]ta9 ! *>act]i/ics ( ! apo/olic *ur*4 ,if ! *ur* ( ! pres5t day be ess5tially diff]5t f ! apo/olic z a matt] ( pref]5ce1 x c n be ! *ur* ( :i* ,god is ! au?or4 ,h5ce x c n be a div9e in/itution1 nei!r c x be ! virg9 bride ( ,*ri/4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t ! *ur* mu/ possess ! foll[+ *>act]i/ics3 #a4 ,x ,mu/ ,be a ,div9e ,in/itution ,at ! beg9n+ ! *ur* 0 a div9e in/itution1 & x c n cease to be div9e & /ill be ! *ur* ( ,god1 = ,god does n beg9 ) ! div9e & end ) ! human4 ,beg9n+ 9 ! _s ! ?+s ( ,god are n made p]fect 9 ! fle%4 ,a div9e in/itution mu/ h = its organization & ess5tial features div9e au?ority1 = ! _w c n make an ord9ance or an in/itution div9e4 ,x mu/ be specially appo9t$ ( ,god4 ,no human in/itution1 !re=e1 nor comb9ation ( in/itutions = :i* !re is no special div9e appo9tm5t1 c ev] con/itute ! *ur* ( ,god1 = x is ( ,god & n ( m54 ,h5ce ! *ur* mu/ be 9 all its ess5tial features ( specific div9e appo9tm5t4 ,^! appo9tm5ts are all f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 !re=e1 ! *ur* to be a div9e in/itution mu/ be fa%ion$ aft] t model4 #b4 ,x ,mu/ ,be ,gov]n$ ,:olly by ,div9e ,au?ority4 ,! *ur* 0 gov]n$ :olly by div9e au?ority at ! beg9n+4 ,%\ld x sub/itute human = div9e au?ority x w\ld cease to be ! *ur* ( ,god4 ,a sub/itute = a div9e ?+ c nev] itself be div9e2 !re=e1 any?+ sub/itut$ = ! *ur* z x 0 9 ! beg9n+ is n t *ur*4 ,j z c]ta9ly !re=e1 z ,*ri/ w own & accept 8 *ur* :5 he comes aga91 s c]ta9ly w x be gov]n$ by 8 au?ority4 ,*ri/ w accept only ! *ur* :i* he e/abli%$4 ,t :i* he e/abli%$ 0 gov]n$ :olly by div9e au?ority3 !re=e ! *ur* ( today mu/ be s gov]n$4 #c4 ,x ,%\ld ,h ,only ! ,names ,x ,_h at ! ,beg9n+4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t !re are v>i\s names appli$ to ! *ur* & to its memb]s4 ,all ^! names h _! significance1 = ! ,holy ,_s nev] us$ !m by accid5t1 & = ^! names1 & = ^! only1 is !re div9e au?ority4 ,! true *ur* ( to-day w be gov]n$ by div9e au?ority2 !re=e1 only ^! w ! *ur* accept4 ,?is ) x is n simply a matt] ( ta/e1 b ( loyalty to ,*ri/4 ,names unkn[n to ! ,new ,te/am5t h come ( ! apo/asy4 #d4 ,x ,mu/ ,h ! ,=m ( ,gov]nm5t ,giv5 to ! ,*ur* 9 ! ,beg9n+4 ,x mu/ necess>ily be true1 s9ce x recognizes only ! same au?ority4 ,! *ur* ( to-day c\ld n disreg>d ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t *ur* & /ill be ! same *ur*4 ,its congregations are n b\nd 9 ! coils ( an ecclesia/icism z m]ciless z x is unscriptural4 ,its bi%ops are n diocesan1 b congregational4 ,!re are n a plurality ( *ur*es1 "u "o bi%op1 b a plurality ( bi%ops 9 "o *ur*4 ,its gov]nm5t is n 9 ! h&s ( a legislative body1 b x is "u ! legislation ( ,*ri/1 execut$ by ! sev]al congregations4 #e4 ,x ,has ! ,unity ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is conclusion is rea*$ f sev]al consid]ations4 7#a7 ,s9ce ! *ur* is gov]n$ only by div9e au?ority1 has ! same =m ( gov]nm5t t x _h 9 ! beg9n+1 & we>s only ! names f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! unity t *>act]iz$ ! fir/ *ur* foll[s z a consequ5ce4 7#b7 ,! de/ruction ( ! unity ( ! *ur* 0 ! "w ( ! apo/asy2 h5ce :5 ! *ur* is reclaim$ f ! apo/asy x w be fre$ f ?is disunion4 7#c7 ,!re c be no d\bt t ,*ri/'s pray] = ! unity ( 8 p c n[ be fulfill$ z x 0 at ! beg9n+4 ,?is unity c nev] exi/ ?r\gh d5om9ational walls4 ,!re 7 no d5om9ational walls betwe5 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 nei!r 0 !re any betwe5 ! fir/ disciples4 ,h5ce1 if t pray] is answ]$ 9 ! re/oration ( ! *ur*1 & x mu/ be1 !re mu/ be ! same unity t *>act]iz$ ! *ur* 9 ! beg9n+4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,& ,,! ,,temple ,"u ! ,patri>*al & ,jewi% disp5sation !re 7 num]\s animal sacrifices by div9e appo9tm5t4 ,n only s1 b ! p g5]ally1 :o knew n ! true ,god1 h1 all d[n ! ages1 p\r$ sacrificial blood ^u alt>s innum]able4 ,?is mu/ h come ab\t by ! p]v]sion ( div9ely-appo9t$ sacrificial in/itutions1 or f ! felt ne$ ( fall5 man = "s way ( m$iation & ( approa* to ,god4 ,t ! ne$ 0 felt by true wor%ip]s is n op5 to d\bt1 = if sacrifice 7 devis$ by man1 x w\ld only h aris5 f a s5se ( t ne$2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 if orda9$ ( ,god1 x c\ld only h be5 acceptably (f]$ "u a consci\sness !re(4 ,sacrifices1 alt>s & prie/s h g5]ally /ood toge!r2 & s long z !y h be5 ^u div9e l9es h be5 highly b5eficial4 ,b x has be5 alleg$ t prie/s h be5 a curse r ?an a bless+ to ! nations1 & ,i am n prep>$ to dispute ! allegation4 ,b nei!r ,god nor ! ,bible is responsible1 because ! prie/hood z in/itut$ by ! ,jews 0 a good & n an evil to t p2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! prie/ly sy/em has no place 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,! prie/s ( hea!ndom & ( ,*ri/5dom are n ( ,god4 ,!n h[ widely diff]5t1 h[ completely opposite1 is ! unprie/ly wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ f ! sac]dotal c]emonies ( ! ,jewi% economy4 ,!re we f9d ! co/ly temple1 9 ! con/ruction ( :i* 7 gold1 silv]1 preci\s /ones & co/ly fabrics 9 unre/rict$ abundance2 sacr$ places ov] :i* ! p may n pass1 & :i* ! feet ( prie/s & ,levites only may tread2 c]emonials :i* br+ dea? to ^? :o t\* !m ) o!r ?an prie/ly h&s2 alt>s & fires1 blood & inc5se1 & prie/s1 all ( div9e ord]+1 s t we read3 ,!n ! k+ & all ! p (f]$ sacrifice be=e ,jehovah4 ,& ,k+ ,solomon (f]$ a sacrifice ( tw5ty & two ?\s& ox51 & a hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& %eep4 ,s ! k+ & all ! p d$icat$ ! h\se ( ,god4 ,& ! prie/s /ood1 accord+ to _! (fices2 ! ,levites also ) in/rum5ts ( music ( ,jehovah1 :i* ,david ! ,k+ _h made to give ?anks unto ,jehovah 7= 8 lov+ k9dness endure? =ev]71 :5 ,david rais$ by _! m9i/ry2 & ! prie/s s\nd$ trumpets be=e !m2 & all ,israel /ood4 ,moreov] ,solomon hall[$ ! middle ( ! c\rt t 0 be=e ! h\se ( ,jehovah2 = !re he (f]$ & burnt (f]+s1 & ! fat ( ! peace (f]+s1 because ! braz5 alt> :i* ,solomon _h made 0 n able to receive ! burnt (f]+1 & ! meat (f]+1 & ! fat4 ,s ,solomon held ! fea/ at t "t sev5 days1 & all ,israel ) him1 a v great assembly1 f ! entrance ( ,hama? unto ! brook ( ,egypt4 ,& on ! eigh? day !y held a solemn assembly3 = !y kept ! d$ication ( ! alt> sev5 days1 & ! fea/ sev5 days4 ,& on ! ?ree & tw5tie? day ( ! sev5? mon?1 he s5t ! p away unto _! t5ts1 joyful & glad ( he>t = ! goodness t ,jehovah _h %[$ unto ,david1 & to ,solomon1 & to ,israel 8 p4 7,,ii ,*ron4 #g3d-aj47 ,! significance1 & ri*ness1 & glory ( t economy surpass$ any?+ t ! _w _h ev] se52 b 9 ! fullness ( "t x 0 sup]s$$ by a high] & m glori\s disp5sation1 conc]n+ :i* ! ,apo/le ,paul wrote3 ,& su* confid5ce h we ?r\gh ,*ri/ to ,god-w>d3 n t we are suffici5t ( ourselves1 to acc\nt any?+ z f ourselves2 b our suffici5cy is f ,god2 :o also made u suffici5t z m9i/]s ( a new cov5ant2 n ( ! lett]1 b ( ! _s3 = ! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life4 ,b if ! m9i/ration ( dea?1 writt51 & engrav5 on /ones1 came ) glory1 s t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel c\ld n look /eadfa/ly ^u ! face ( ,moses = ! glory ( 8 face :i* glory 0 pass+ away3 h[ %all n r ! m9i/ration ( ! _s be ) glory8 ,= if ! m9i/ration ( condemnation ha? glory1 mu* r do? ! m9i/ration ( righte\sness exce$ 9 glory4 ,= v]ily t :i* ha? be5 made glori\s ha? n be5 made glori\s 9 ?is respect1 by reason ( ! glory t surpasse?4 ,= if t :i* passe? away 0 ) glory1 mu* m t :i* rema9s is 9 glory4 7,,ii ,cor4 #c3d-aa47 ,%all we1 !n1 look = /ill great] mat]ial spl5dor & weal? 9 temples1 ve/m5ts1 alt>s & in/rum5ts ( music8 ,if n1 :y n8 ,& /ill1 if n1 :y did ! l exi/ "u ! =m] & inf]ior economy8 ,we %\ld look = no?+ ( ! sort1 nor suff] its intrusion ^u ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 & t = "o reason1 suffici5t )\t o!rs equally good--! =m] economy1 9 all its c]emonials1 0 typical ( spiritual bless+s !n to come4 ,!re 0 a p]fect typical sy/em mo/ expressive & opposite1 b r5d]$ useless :5 its antitypes appe>$4 ,! cross took ! place ( ! alt>2 ! ,high ,prie/ ( our confession came 9 ! room ( ! ,a>onic prie/hood1 ! sacrifice ( praise1 t is ! fruit ( our lips1 set aside ! praise by trumpets1 psalt]y & cymbal4 ,^! 7 good & expressive 9 _! day & place4 ,a %ad[ ( ?+s to come2 b ! body is ,*ri/ 7,col4 #b3ag74 ,= ! law hav+ a %ad[ ( good ?+s to come1 n ! v image ( ! ?+s1 c nev] ) ! same sacrifices ye> by ye>1 :i* !y (f] cont9ually1 make p]fect !m t draw nigh4 ,else w\ld !y n h ceas$ to be (f]$8 7,heb4 #aj3a74 ,s we see t ! ,holy ,_s v aptly in=ms u t ! body or sub/ance1 is ,*ri/'s1 & :5 he came & fill$ to ! full ! types & %ad[s ( ! law1 !y pass$ away 9 _! entirety1 giv+ place to high] in/itutions1 by means ( :i* ! wor%ip]s c\ld be made p]fect4 ,& n only s1 z a ripe ,bible /ud5t v =cefully says1 b j 9 proportion z ^! ab&on$ %ad[s are intrud$ into ! *ur* & wor%ip ( ,god !y become injuri\s & m or less sub/itutes = ! realities ( :i*1 9 _! day & place1 !y 7 ! prop] types & symbols4 ,consequ5tly1 9 sett+ 9 ord]1 by ! apo/les1 ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 ! temple & its wor%ip 7 9 no degree tak5 z models1 & ?is is highly reasonable1 inasmu* z ! exi/5ce toge!r ( ! type & ! antitype w\ld be completely inadmissible4 ,no?+ c\ld h be5 easi] ?an = ! apo/les to h adopt$ prie/ly1 or modifi$ prie/ly ve/m5ts4 ,!re c\ld h be5 no mann] ( difficulty 9 burn+ inc5se z an act ( praise ( wor%ip4 ,x c n be suppos$ b t1 long be=e ! close ( ! apo/olic m9i/ry1 !y c\ld h us$ & enjo9$ ! use ( in/rum5tal music4 ,b no6 ,no?+ ( ! k9d2 no trace ev5 ( a lean+1 or ( a desire1 9 t direction4 ,! ?+s ( ! %ad[s 7 done )1 & ^? ( ! sub/ance took _! place4 ,t ! *ur* is n model$ aft] ! temple1 b aft] ! synagogue1 is e/abli%$ beyond d\bt by ! te/imony ( ! le>n$ m5 9 ! d5om9ational _w4 ,if objection be made to ! inconsi/5cy ( d5om9ational s*ol>s putt+ =? su* views1 ,i answ] t x is a well-kn[n fact t m5 d confess tru?s t !y fail to c>ry into effect2 b ! tru? is n weak5$ !reby1 b r d]ives additional weight f ! fact t x =ces confession1 ev5 aga9/ ! int]e/s & associations ( ^? :o utt] x4 ,b h[ev] t may be1 !y write ! tru? abundantly cle>4 ,! fir/ witness ,i introduce is ,ri*>d ,watson1 :o ! ,mc,clintock & ,/rong ,cyclop$ia says gave ! fir/ sy/ematic treatm5t ( ,wesleyan !ology4 ,8 ,in/itutes1 ?\gh n ! legal1 h be5 ! moral & sci5tific /&>d ( ,me?odi/ doctr9e4 ,all aspirants to ! ,me?odi/ pulpit are requir$ to /udy ,watson's ,!ological ,in/itutes4 ,he says3 ,! c\rse ( ! synagogue wor%ip became inde$ ! model ( t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,x consi/$ 9 pray]1 read+ & expla9+ ! ,scriptures1 & s++ psalms2 & ?us "o ( ! mo/ important means ( in/ruct+ nations1 & ( spread+ & ma9ta9+ ! influ5ce ( morals & religion among p1 pass$ f ! ,jews into all ,*ri/ian c\ntries4444 ,! mode ( public wor%ip 9 ! primitive *ur* 0 tak5 f ! synagogue s]vice2 & s1 also1 0 its arrangem5ts ( (fices4444 ,su* 0 ! model :i* ! apo/les foll[$ 9 provid+ = ! future regulation ( ! *ur*es !y _h rais$ up4 ,!y took x1 n f ! temple & its prie/hood1 = t 0 typical1 & 0 !n pass+ away4 ,b !y f\nd 9 ! in/itution ( ! synagogues a plan admirably adapt$ to ! simplicity & purity ( ,*ri/ianity1 444 & :i* 0 capable ( be+ appli$ to ! new disp5sation )\t dang] ( ,judaiz+4 7,!ological ,in/itutes1 pages #fdj1 #fhc1 #fhd47 ,lyman ,coleman1 ,presbyt]ian1 :o 0 em95t 9 solid abilities1 9 accurate s*ol>%ip1 9 /ores ( accumulat$ le>n+1 & 9 ext5d$ usefulness1 says3 ,he 7,jesus7 0 a con/ant att5dant ^u ! religi\s wor%ip ( ! synagogue1 &1 aft] 8 asc5sion1 8 disciples con=m$ _! acts ( wor%ip to ^? ( ! synagogue4 ,!y consi/$ 9 pray]1 9 s++ & 9 ! read+ & exposition ( ! ,scriptures1 z appe>s f ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 f ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian fa!rs1 & f pr(ane writ]s ( ! fir/ two c5turies4 7,anci5t ,*ri/ianity ,exemplifi$1 page #id47 ,! em95t s*ol> ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ,g4 ,a4 ,jacob1 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,polity ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* is us$ z a text-book 9 "s ( ! ,episcopal !ological sem9>ies 9 ?is c\ntry1 says3 ,9 ! temple 0 ! prie/ consecrat$ accord+ to a precise regulation1 & a s>c$otal succession laid d[n by ,god himself1 ) ! alt> & its sacrifices at :i* he (ficiat$1 ! inc5se :i* he burn$1 ! holy places into :i* none might ent] b ^? to :om x 0 especially assign$4 ,9 ! synagogue 0 ! read] ( ! ,scriptures1 ! prea*] or exp\nd] ( religi\s & moral tru?1 ! lead] ( ! common devotions ( ! p1 unconsecrat$ by any special rites1 & unre/rict$ by any rule ( succession2 ) a read+ desk or pulpit at :i* he /ood1 b ) no alt>1 sacrifice or inc5se1 & no "p ( ! build+ m holy ?an ! re/4 ,& )\t attempt+ n[ to dwell ^u all ! rem>kable contra/s ?us display$1 x may suffice to say t ! temple exhibit$ 9 a gr& comb9ation ( typical places1 p]sons & actions4 ,god dwell+ ) man1 reconcil+ ! _w unto himself 9 ! p]son & "w ( ,*ri/2 & p>don+1 ju/ify+ & graci\sly receiv+ ^? :o come to him ?r\gh ! appo9t$ ,savi\r2 :ile ! synagogue exhibit$ a congregation ( m51 already reconcil$ to ,god1 assembl$ z dev\t wor%ip]s = pray] & praise1 = in/ruction 9 div9e k1 & edification 9 righte\s liv+4 ,& ! two sy/ems--! "o gorge\s & typical1 ! o!r simple & real2 9 "o1 ,god draw+ ne> to man1 9 ! o!r1 man draw+ ne> to ,god--nev] cla%$ or int]f]$ ) ea* o!r2 7 nev] int]m+l$ or conf\nd$ toge!r4 ,9 ! temple !re 0 no pulpit1 9 ! synagogue !re 0 no alt>4444 ,!y 7apo/les7 reta9$ & adapt$ to ,*ri/ian use "s ,jewi% =ms & regulations2 b !y 7 tak5 altoge!r n f ! temple1 b f ! synagogue4 ,! (fices :i* !y appo9t$ 9 ! *ur*1 & ! duties & au?ority :i* !y atta*$ to !m1 toge!r ) ! regulations :i* !y made = ,*ri/ian wor%ip1 bore no resemblance 9 "n or 9 nature to ! s]vices ( ! prie/hood 9 ! temple4 ,! apo/les _h be5 div9ely taught t ^? prie/s & s]vices 7 typical =ms & %ad[s1 :i* 7 c5t]$1 & fulfill$1 & done away 9 ,*ri/2 & to re9/ate !m 9 ! ,*ur* w\ld h be5 9 _! judgm5t to g back to ! bondage ( weak & begg>ly elem5ts f ! lib]ty1 /r5g? & ri* complet5ess ( ! ,gospel disp5sation4 ,!y saw t z ! ord9ances ( ! temple repres5t$ ! "w ( ,god wr\ght out = man1 n man's "w = ,god1 to cont9ue !m aft] t "w 0 f9i%$ 9 ! life & dea? ( ,jesus1 w\ld be 9 effect s f> to d5y ! efficacy ( ! ,savi\r's mission1 & to ?ru/ 9 ! mis]able p]=mances ( m5 to fill up an imag9$ imp]fection 9 ! ,son ( ,god4 7,ecclesia/ical ,polity1 pages #if-ih47 ,! apo/les1 !re=e1 by ! directions ( ! ,holy ,_s adopt$ (ficial arrangem5ts simil> to ^? ( ! synagogue1 & disc>d$ ^? ( ! temple1 9 ! in/itution ( *ur* (fices1 & pla9ly %[$ by ?is circum/ance t no prie/ly p[]s or duties 7 atta*$ to _! m9i/rations4 ,ano!r argum5t :i* leads to ! same conclusion is d$uc$ f ! condition ( ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* z x appe>s 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! equality ( /&+ 9 ,*ri/1 :i* ,*ri/ians possess$4 ,! way ( access to ,god be+ op5 to all )\t di/9ction ?r\gh ! prie/hood ( ,*ri/1 !re 0 no?+ = a prie/ to d--no sac]dotal "w or (fice = him to und]take4 ,on ?is phase ( ! subject1 ,mr4 ,jacob has said "s v po9t$ ?+s1 & ,i w call on him to give te/imony4 ,he says3 ,a di/9ct pro( t ! (fice be>]s 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,apo/les 7 n1 & c\ld n be prie/s1 or p]=m any sac]dotal duties1 is se5 9 a cond5s$ =m 9 ! epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 & is f\nd at l>ge 9 ! :ole ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5ts1 ( :i* t epi/le1 z f> z ! subject rea*es1 is s valuable an epitome4 ,we !re le>n t f ! v nature ( ! prie/ly (fice1 x is necess>y = ^? :o hold x to be specially call$ & appo9t$ by ,god1 ei!r p]sonally by "n1 or accord+ to a div9ely in/itut$ ord] ( succession2 & t1 s9ce ! patri>*al disp5sation1 only two ord]s ( prie/hood h ev] _h ?is necess>y div9e sanction grant$ to !m4 ,! two ord]s are ! ord] ( ,a>on & ! ord] ( ,mel*is$ek4 ,! prie/s ( ! =m] ord] belong$ to ! ,jewi% disp5sation only1 & h indisputably pass$ away4 ,! only prie/ aft] ! ord] ( ,mel*is$ek1 ev5 m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible1 is our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/--! prie/ ^u 8 ?rone1 )\t a successor1 z he _h none be=e him1 9 ! ev]la/+ prie/hood ( 8 m$iatorial reign4 ,?is argum5t appe>s to me to be conclusive4 ,x appe>s to me t ! epi/le to ! ,hebrews %uts out ! possibility ( !re be+ any o!r prie/ 9 ! ,*ur* besides ,*ri/ himself4 ,b ?is does n s appe> to a l>ge numb] ( our cl]gy4 ,bi%ops z f> back z ! ?ird c5tury claim$ to be successors or viceg]5ts ( ,*ri/ on e>?2 & our presbyt]s d n hesitate to decl>e t !y are prie/s aft] ! ord] ( ,mel*is$ek4 ,to my m9d & feel+ ?is is an impi\s claim2 b c\nt5anc$ z !y are by numb]less pa/ & pres5t examples1 good m5 are n consci\s ( impiety 9 mak+ x4 ,b1 !n x is necess>y to ask ! prie/s = _! cr$5tials4 ,:]e is ! record ( _! div9e appo9tm5t to ! sac]dotal (fice8 ,9 :at "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & 9 :at =m ( words1 is ! in/itution ( su* prie/s1 & ! mann] ( _! succession1 to be f\nd8 ,& to su* inquiries no satisfactory answ] has be5 or c be giv54 7,ibid1 pages #ajb-ajd47 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,infant ,,baptism ,ano!r po9t 9 :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ & ! ,jewi% ,cov5ant are at exact opposites is t ( infant memb]%ip4 ,9 ! ,apo/olic ,*ur* baptism prec$$ memb]%ip1 & fai? 0 pr]equisite to baptism1 consequ5tly !re 0 n1 nei!r c\ld be any place = infant memb]%ip4 ,on ?is acc\nt we h 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t nei!r precept =1 nor example (1 infant baptism1 b on ! contr>y1 mu* t r5d]s x totally incompatible ) apo/olic tea*+4 ,b we are rem9d$ by ! advocates ( infant baptism t 9 "s s5se baptism /&s to its subject & ! ,*ur* z circumcision did "u ! ,abrahamic cov5ant4 ,!y emphasize t z an unque/ion$ fact1 & seem to ?9k !re ought to be some?+ 9 x1 some:]e or someh[1 9 favor ( infant baptism4 ,"s claim t circumcision initiat$ into ! ,*ur* "u ! =m] disp5sation1 & t baptism is initiative n[2 & t infants 7 =m]ly initiat$ by circumcision1 & %\ld n[ be initiat$ by baptism4 ,o!rs hold t circumcision 0 a decl>ation ( *ur* memb]%ip "u ! ,jewi% disp5sation2 & t baptism is a decl>ation ( memb]%ip n[3 & t z circumcision 0 ext5d$ to infants1 s baptism %\ld be ext5d$4 ,!y fur!r claim t infants 7 put 9 ! ,*ur* :i* 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! family ( ,abraham2 t ! ,*ur* ( ! old disp5sation is id5tical ) t ( ! new2 t no law has s9ce be5 enact$ to put !m out2 & t !y 7 !n initiat$ by circumcision & t1 z baptism has sup]s$$ circumcision1 infants %\ld n[ be initiat$ by baptism4 ,to "s ?is is a /rong & satisfactory argum5t1 b a few pla91 simple facts %\ld decide ! "q :e!r ! ,*ur* ( ! new cov5ant is id5tical ) t ( ! old & t baptism takes ! place ( circumcision3 7#a7 ,! cov5ant ( circumcision 7,acts #g3h7 0 a cov5ant ) ,abraham & to him t is born 9 ?y h\se1 & he t is b\ght ) ?y money 7,g54 #ag3ab1 #ac72 :ile ! new cov5ant embraces believ]s 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 )\t respect to ,abraham's fle% or money4 7,see ,,ii ,cor4 #e3af1 #ag2 ,gal4 #c3bf-bi2 ,heb4 #h3h-ab47 7#b7 ,male *ildr5 alone 7 subjects ( circumcision4 ,if baptism took ! place ( circumcision1 none b ! males %\ld be baptiz$2 b ! advocates ( infant baptism cont5d t infants %\ld be baptiz$ reg>dless ( sex1 fle% or money4 7#c7 ,if baptism came 9 ! place ( circumcision1 p]sons already circumcis$ c\ld n be baptiz$4 ,if ! "o came 9 ! place ( ! o!r1 ! two c\ld n exi/ at ! same "t 9 ! same p]son4 ,b all ! ,jews t _h be5 circumcis$ on believ+ 9 ,*ri/ 7 baptiz$4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,jewi% ,*ri/ians 7 /ill circumcis$4 ,is x possible t p$obapti/s are s bl9d$ 9 _! cont5tion = infant baptism t !y c n see ?is8 ,t !re is a po9t ( simil>ity betwe5 circumcision & baptism !re is no d\bt1 = ,paul says3 ,9 :om ye 7 also circumcis$ ) a circumcision n made ) h&s1 9 ! putt+ (f ! body ( ! fle%1 9 ! circumcision ( ,*ri/1 hav+ be5 buri$ ) him 9 baptism1 :]e9 ye 7 also rais$ ) him ?r\gh ! fai? 9 ! work+ ( ,god1 :o rais$ him f ! dead 7,col4 #b3aa1 #ab74 ,9 circumcision ! =esk9 ( ! fle% 0 cut (f by ! h&s2 s 9 baptism ! s9s 7 put (f1 & ?is putt+ (f ! s9s 0 call$ a circumcision n made ) h&s4 ,! ,mosaic law giv5 to ! fle%ly family ( ,abraham typifi$ to "s ext5t ! spiritual family ( ,god4 ,circumcision m>k$ ^? born ( ! fle% z memb]s ( ! k+dom ( ,israel2 baptism m>ks ^? begott5 ( ! ,_s z memb]s ( ,god's spiritual k+dom4 ,to affix ! spiritual m>k to ! fle%ly bir? is to d viol5ce to ! figure & to introduce ^? born ( ! fle% into ! spiritual k+dom4 ,n[ fai? is ! fir/ manife/ation ( ! spiritual begett+1 & only ^? begott5 ( ! ,_s & manife/+ x 9 fai? c be introduc$ into ! spiritual k+dom1 or %\ld h ! m>k ( ,god's spiritual *ild4 ,to place ! m>k ( ! bir? ( ! ,_s ^u "o born ( ! fle% is to mislead & deceive t *ild & make ! impression t x is "o ( ,god's spiritual *ildr5 :5 x is n4 ,! ,_s ( ,god always connects ! fle%ly m>k ) ! fle%ly bir? into ! fle%ly k+dom1 & ! spiritual m>k 7baptism7 ) ! spiritual bir? into ! spiritual k+dom4 ,h5ce ! ,holy ,_s says3 ,g ye !re=e1 & tea* all nations1 baptiz+ !m into ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,_s 7,matt4 #bh3ai74 ,g ye into all ! _w1 & prea* ! ,gospel to ! :ole creation4 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$2 b he t disbelieve? %all be condemn$ 7,m>k #af3ae1 #af74 ,rep5t ye1 & be baptiz$ e "o ( y 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ unto ! remission ( y\r s9s 7,acts #b3ch74 ,& n[ :y t>rie/ ?\1 arise1 & be baptiz$ & wa% away ?y s9s1 call+ on ! "n ( ! ,"l 7,acts #bb3af74 ,only ^? capable ( believ+1 rep5t+ & ( ?us %[+ t !y are begott5 ( ! ,_s1 are fit subjects = baptism4 ,to be/[ ! m>k ( ! spiritual bir? on ^? born ( ! fle% is to break d[n & c>nalize ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,! prophet says3 ,behold1 ! days come1 sai? ,jehovah1 t ,i w make a new cov5ant ) ! h\se ( ,israel1 & ) ! h\se ( ,judah3 n accord+ to ! cov5ant t ,i made ) _! fa!rs 9 ! day t ,i took !m by ! h& to br+ !m out ( ! l& ( ,egypt3 :i* my cov5ant !y brake1 al?\gh ,i 0 a husb& unto !m1 sai? ,jehovah4 ,b ?is is ! cov5ant t ,i w make ) ! h\se ( ,israel aft] ^? days1 sai? ,jehovah3 ,i w put my law 9 _! inw>d p>ts1 & 9 _! he>ts w ,i write x2 & ,i w be _! ,god1 & !y %all be my p4 ,& !y %all tea* no m e man 8 neighbor1 & e man 8 bro!r1 say+1 ,"k ,jehovah3 = !y %all all "k me f ! lea/ ( !m unto ! greate/ ( !m1 sai? ,jehovah3 = ,i w =give _! iniquity1 & _! s9s w ,i rememb] no m4 7,j]4 #ca3ca-cd47 ,?is %[s t a new cov5ant diff]5t f t he made at ,s9ai w\ld be made4 ,t 0 a fle%ly cov5ant ) ! h\se ( ,israel1 into :i* !y 7 born by a fle%ly bir?2 b 9 ! new cov5ant ! law 0 to be writt5 on _! he>ts1 & all 7 to "k him1 f ! lea/ to ! greate/4 ,t is1 all mu/ "k ! law ( ,god1 accept x 9 _! he>ts be=e !y c\ld become memb]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,s ,paul asks3 ,:at !n is ! law8 ,x 0 add$ because ( transgressions1 till ! se$ %\ld come to :om ! promise ha? be5 made 7,gal4 #c3ai74 ,! se$ t 0 to come 0 ,*ri/1 & ?is pla9ly %[s t because ( ! transgression ?is law 0 to cont9ue only until ,*ri/ %\ld come4 ,!n ! new spiritual cov5ant 0 to g into =ce1 & ! memb]s ( x 7 all to believe 9 ,*ri/4 ,! foll[+ significant contra/ is drawn by ! ,apo/le ,paul3 ,ye are our epi/le writt5 9 our he>ts1 kn[n & read ( all m52 be+ made manife/ t ye are an epi/le ( ,*ri/1 m9i/]$ by u1 writt5 n ) ink1 b ) ! ,_s ( ! liv+ ,god2 n on tables ( /one1 b 9 tables t are he>ts ( fle%4 ,& su* confid5ce h we ?r\gh ,*ri/ to ,godw>d3 n t we are suffici5t ( ourselves1 to acc\nt any?+ z f ourselves2 b our suffici5cy is f ,god1 :o also made u suffici5t z m9i/]s ( a new cov5ant2 n ( ! lett]1 b ( ! _s3 = ! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life4 ,b if ! m9i/ration ( dea?1 writt5 & engrav5 on /ones1 came ) glory1 s t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel c\ld n look /eadfa/ly ^u ! face ( ,moses = ! glory ( 8 face2 :i* glory 0 pass+ away3 h[ %all n r ! m9i/ration ( ! _s be ) glory8 ,= if ! m9i/ration ( condemnation ha? glory1 mu* r do? ! m9i/ration ( righte\sness exce$ 9 glory4 ,= v]ily t :i* ha? be5 made glori\s ha? n be5 made glori\s 9 ?is respect1 by reason ( ! glory t surpasse?4 ,= if t :i* passe? away 0 ) glory1 mu* m t :i* rema9e? is 9 glory 7,,ii ,cor4 #c3b-aa74 ,9 ?is ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 writt5 ^u ! tables ( /one1 is contra/$ ) ! law ( ,*ri/1 writt5 9 ! he>ts ( ,god's *ildr54 ,! law writt5 on /ones is call$ ! lett] t kille?4 ,x convict$ ( s91 b _h no p[] to deliv] f x4 ,! s9s 7 roll$ & roll$ ye> by ye> until ,jesus came & %$ blood1 n only = our s9s b = ! r$emption ( ! transgressions t 7 "u ! fir/ cov5ant t !y t h be5 call$ may receive ! promise ( ! et]nal inh]itance4 ,! lett] to ! ,hebrews 0 writt5 to %[ ! *ange f ! old cov5ant to ! new1 & to %[ ! imm5se sup]iority ( ! new to ! old4 ,to turn back f ! spiritual law & ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ to ! fle%ly law & in/itution ( ,judaism is call$ fall+ away f grace4 ,ye are sev]$ f ,*ri/1 ye :o w\ld be ju/ifi$ by ! law2 ye are fall5 away f grace 7,gal4 #e3d74 ,s9ce x is s v evid5t t !re is no gr\nd :atev] = infant baptism bas$ on ! argum5ts on ! analogy ( circumcision & ! id5tity ( ! cov5ants x is q appropriate to close ?is article ) quotations f two great p$obapti/ s*ol>s4 ,dr4 ,jacob ,ditzl]1 claim$ to be ! be/ debat] ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* has produc$1 says3 ,i "h express my conviction t ! cov5ants ( ! ,old ,te/am5t h no?+ to d ) infant baptism4 7,graves-,ditzl] ,debate1 page #fid74 ,moses ,/u>t1 ,congregationali/1 ,pr(essor ( ,sacr$ ,lit]ature 9 ,&ov] ,!ological ,sem9>y1 call$ ,! ,fa!r ( ,biblical ,lit]ature 9 ,am]ica1 says3 ,h[ unw>y1 too1 are _m excell5t m51 9 cont5d+ = infant baptism on ! gr\nd ( ! ,jewi% analogy ( circumcision6 ,are females n prop] subjects ( baptism8 ,& aga91 are a man's slaves to be all baptiz$ because he is8 ,are !y *ur* memb]s ( c\rse :5 !y are s baptiz$8 ,is !re no diff]5ce betwe5 +raft+ into a politico-ecclesia/ical community1 & into "o ( :i* x is said t x is n ( ?is _w8 ,9 %ort1 numb]less difficulties pres5t !mselves 9 our way1 z soon z we beg9 to argue 9 su* a mann] z ?is4 7,old ,te/am5t ,canon1 ,s #bb1 page #cfi47 ,9 ! inve/igation ?us f> we h le>n$ t "u ! old cov5ant infants 7 includ$1 s 7 slaves1 tak5 9 w> or b\ght ) money4 ,! cov5ant 0 ) a nation1 involv+ national laws & cu/oms1 & promis+ national & temporal bless+s4 ,! duly recogniz$1 z embrac$ "u t cov5ant1 7 n !reby entitl$ to et]nal life4 ,z ! entire fle% ( ! nation1 = national purposes1 0 includ$1 ! infants ( t nation1 f ! mom5t ( bir?1 /ood 9 cov5ant relation ) ,god & ! cov5ant p4 ,!re 0 no c]emonial by :i* !y ent]$ into t relation%ip--!y 7 born into x4 ,!y came n 9 by circumcision1 = ! male infant1 cont9u+ uncircumcis$1 0 n said to be deb>r$ f ent]+1 b 0 to be cut (f f ! p :i* implies previ\s cov5ant relation%ip4 ,b all ?is is rev]s$ "u ! new cov5ant4 ,no "o nation is *os51 b ! p ( ! cov5ant are to be ^? :o respond to a call made to all nations4 ,no family is *os51 b ! bless+ is (f]$ to ea* ( all ! families ( e>?4 ,no infant is ei!r invit$ or exclud$1 except z x comes to fai? 91 & ob$i5ce to1 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,! cov5ant bless+s are n national & et]nal1 bas$ ^u a liv+ & active fai?4 ,z a consequ5ce1 infants are n1 & c\ld n possibly be embrac$ 9 ! new cov5ant2 & z ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 z to its div9ely-orda9$ memb]%ip1 consi/s ( ^? :o h ?us believ$ 9 him1 infants are n & c n be 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 !re=e are n subjects ( baptism1 = all :o are ,scripturally baptiz$ ent] into ! *ur*4 ,we n[ turn our att5tion to ! rema9+ me?ods by :i* ! practice ( infant baptism c\ld be prov54 ,!y are3 7#a7 ,express comm& ( an inspir$ man2 or1 7#b7 by an example f ,scripture :]e an inspir$ man baptiz$ infants1 or :]e x 0 done 9 8 pres5ce1 by 8 cons5t & approval4 ,inasmu* z x is admitt$ by r5[n$ p$obapti/s t !re is nei!r express comm& = or example ( infant baptism 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,i w make no attempt to answ] ! argum5ts to prove x1 b let ! mo/ le>n$ ( _! numb] speak = !mselves4 ,?is is legitimate & has ! div9e sanction1 = ,jesus said3 ,out ( ?9e own m\? w ,i judge !e 7,luke #ai3bb72 & ,paul1 9 meet+ opposition to 8 prea*+1 said3 ,z c]ta9 ev5 ( y\r own poets h said 7,acts #ag3bh72 & aga93 ,"o ( !mselves1 a prophet ( _! own1 said 7,titus #a3ab74 ,h5ry ,al=d1 "o ( ! mo/ v>i\sly-le>n$ cl]gym5 t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& has produc$1 says3 ,! language ( ! ,bible is aga9/ !m2 &1 on _! own gr\nd1 :i* is a v sore p]plexity4 ,!re is "o escape1 & t is a p]fectly effectual "o2 b !y are unwill+ to avail !mselves ( its assi/ance4 ,!y might decl>e1 & !y ought to decl>e1 t infant baptism 0 a practice unkn[n to ! apo/les2 t n only does ! ,new ,te/am5t n give "o s+le expression :i* pla9ly & necess>ily implies t infants 7 baptiz$ 9 ! apo/olical *ur*es1 b x c be fairly argu$ f a passage 9 *apt] #g ( ,,ii ,cor9?ians #g t su* a practice c\ld n h exi/$ at ,cor9?4 ,! recognition t ! baptism ( adults 0 ! only baptism kn[n to ! apo/les w\ld cle> e difficulty on ?is po9t out ( ! way ( ! ,l[ ,*ur*m54 ,x is natural t ! sacr$ writ]s %\ld assume t m5 :o1 at great worldly sacrifice1 n free f risk ( life1 came =w>d to pr(ess ! ,*ri/ian fai? by a solemn initiatory rite1 possess$ ! frame ( m9d :i* t fact impli$--t !y 7 hone/ly *ang$ & r5ew$ be+s4 ,& !n x w\ld be easy to pass on ! conclusion t ! baptismal s]vice ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& has be5 con/ruct$ on ! language ( ! ,bible1 & t ! emb>rassm5t has proce$$ n f a mi/ak5 view ( baptism1 b f ! application ( ! words us$ by ,scripture ( an adult p]son to an unconsci\s &1 s to say1 m9dless infant4 7,contempor>y ,review1 ,vol4 #aj1 page #cbi47 ,joseph ,ag] ,beet1 "o ( ! f9e/ s*ol>s t ! ,engli% ,wesleyan ,me?odi/ ,*ur* has produc$1 ,pr(essor ( ,sy/ematic ,!ology 9 ! ,wesleyan ,!ological ,college1 ,ri*mond1 ,engl&1 says3 ,x mu/ be at once admitt$ t ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s no cle> pro( t infants 7 baptiz$ 9 ! days ( ! apo/les4 7,*ri/ian ,baptism1 page #bh47 ,alb]t ,taylor ,bl$soe1 ( :om x has be5 tru?fully said1 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ c&id & tru/wor?y writ]s t ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* has produc$1 says3 ,x is an article ( our fai?1 t ! baptism ( "y *ildr5 7infants7 is 9 any wise to be reta9$ 9 ! *ur*1 z "o mo/ agreeable to ! in/itution ( ,*ri/4 ,b yet1 ) all our se>*+1 we h be5 unable to f9d1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 a s+le express decl>ation1 or ^w1 9 favor ( infant baptism4 ,we ju/ify ?is rite1 !re=e1 solely on ! gr\nd ( logical inf]5ce1 & n on any express ^w ( ,*ri/ or 8 apo/les4 ,?is may1 p]haps1 be deem$1 by "s ( our read]s1 a /range position = a p$obapti/4 ,x is by no means1 h[ev]1 a s+ul> op9ion4 ,hundr$s ( le>n$ p$obapti/s h come to ! same conclusion2 especially s9ce ! ,new ,te/am5t has be5 subject$ to a clos]1 m consci5ti\s1 & m c&id exegesis ?an 0 =m]ly practic$ by controv]sali/s4 7,s\!rn ,review1 ,vol4 #ad1 page #ccd47 ,john ,calv91 ! f\nd] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 says3 ,z ,*ri/ enjo9s !m to tea* be=e baptiz+1 & desires t none b believ]s %all be admitt$ to baptism1 x w\ld appe> t baptism is n prop]ly adm9i/]$ unless :5 prec$$ by fai?4 7,h>mony ( ! ,evangeli/s1 ,vol4 #c1 page #ch47 ,he9ri* ,augu/ ,wilhelm ,mey]1 ,g]man ,lu!ran1 ! pr9ce ( ,new ,te/am5t exegetes1 says3 ,! baptism ( ! *ildr5 ( ,*ri/ians1 ( :i* no trace is f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is n to be held z an apo/olic ord9ance2 b x is an in/itution ( ! *ur*1 :i* gradually arose 9 po/-apo/olic times 9 connection ) ! developm5t ( ecclesia/ical life & ( doctr9al tea*+1 n c]ta9ly atte/$ be=e ,t]tullian1 & by him /ill decid$ly oppos$1 & al?\gh already def5d$ by ,cyprian1 only becom+ g5]al aft] ! "t ( ,augu/9e 9 virtue ( t connection4 7,comm5t>y on ,acts #af3ae1 page #cab47 ,augu/ ,wilhelm ,ne&]1 ,lu!ran1 :o is unanim\sly conc$$ to be by f> ! greate/ ( all ecclesia/ical hi/orians1 & is surnam$ ! fa!r ( mod]n *ur* hi/ory1 says3 ,baptism 0 adm9i/]$ at fir/ only to adults1 z m5 7 accu/om$ to conceive baptism & fai? z /rictly connect$4 ,we h all reason = n d]iv+ infant baptism f apo/olic in/itution some:at lat]1 z an apo/olical tradition s]ves to confirm ?is hypo!sis4 7,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 #a1 page #dbd47 ,moses ,/u>t1 a ,congregationali/1 call$ ! fa!r ( ,biblical lit]ature 9 ,am]ica1 says3 ,on ! subject ( infant baptism ,i h said no?+4 ,! pres5t occasion did n call = x2 & ,i h no wi% or int5tion to ent] into ! controv]sy respect+ x4 ,i h only to say t ,i believe 9 bo? ! propriety & exp$i5cy ( ! rite ?us adm9i/]$2 & !re=e acc$e to x ex animo4 ,comm&s1 or pla9 & c]ta9 examples1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t relative to x1 ,i d n f9d4 ,nor1 ) my views ( x1 d ,i ne$ !m4 7,mode ( ,*ri/ian ,baptism1 pages #ahi1 #aij47 ,b ,i h giv5 en\gh2 x is a ?+ made out t infant baptism 0 n an apo/olic practice4 ,s1 inde$1 h all ! s*ol>s :o h ?or\ghly inve/igat$ ?is subject conc$$4 ,i "k ( no subject :i* seems to be m cle>ly made out1 & ,i c n see h[ x is possible = any c&id man :o exam9es ! subject to d5y ?is4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,conditions ,,( ,,memb]%ip ,z we h already le>n$ t infant baptism 0 n an apo/olic practice1 we w give x no fur!r att5tion at pres5t4 ,! conditions ( memb]%ip 9 ! apo/olic ,*ur* naturally divide !mselves into two classes--^? ( admission into ! ,*ur* & ^? ( cont9u$ memb]%ip4 ,,conditions ,,( ,,admission ,conc]n+ admission into ! ,*ur* x is said 9 connection ) its e/abli%m5t t ! ,"l add$ to !m day by day ^? t 7 sav$ 7,acts #b3dg74 ,?is implies t ! ,"l sav$ ! p & add$ !m by "o & ! same process4 ,!y 7 n fir/ sav$ & !n add$1 nor add$ & aft]w>d sav$1 b !y 7 sav$ 9 be+ add$1 & add$ by be+ sav$4 ,h5ce x 0 n a =mal add+ to a local congregation by ext5d+ ! h& ( fell[%ip aft] salvation f s91 b an add+ to ! "o body ( ,*ri/ 9 ! obta9+ ( salvation by ob$i5ce to ! ,gospel4 ,:ile !y 7 add$ by ! ,"l1 he add$ !m ?r\gh c]ta9 ag5cies1 bo? human & div9e--! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,gospel & ! prea*]--all pres5t & active 9 ! "w4 ,:at ! ,"l did1 !re=e1 he did ?r\gh ^! ag5cies4 ,9 ! second *apt] ( ,acts ! ,holy ,_s gives ! directions t ,god gave to guide s9n]s into ! ,*ur*4 ,?is be+ ! fir/ "t t m5 7 guid$ into ! ,*ur*1 ! directions giv5 w\ld necess>ily be m m9ute & p>ticul> 9 e /ep ?an aft] ! way 0 fully made kn[n to m54 ,aft] 8 resurrection f ! dead ,jesus said to 8 disciples1 ,all au?ority ha? be5 giv5 unto me 9 heav5 & on e>?1 to %[ !m t he _h ! "r & au?ority to speak ! words t come next3 ,g ye1 !re=e1 & make disciples ( all ! nations1 baptiz+ !m into ! "n ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son & ( ! ,holy ,_s3 tea*+ !m to obs]ve all ?+s :atsoev] ,i comm&$ y3 & lo1 ,i am ) y always1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w 7,matt4 #bh3ai1 #bj74 ,!y 7 n to g yet1 = he _h seal$ _! lips4 ,on ! day ( 8 asc5sion to heav5 he said unto !m3 ,g ye into all ! _w1 & prea* ! gospel to ! :ole creation4 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$2 b he t disbelieve? %all be condemn$ 7,m>k #af3ae1 #af72 b t>ry ye 9 ! city1 until ye be clo!d ) p[] f on high 7,luke #bd3di74 ,s !y return$ to ,j]usalem & wait$ = ! com+ ( ! ,_s :o 0 to unseal _! lips & to speak to ! _w 9 ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,! day ( ,p5teco/ came1 !y 7 9 ! temple1 :5 sudd5ly a s\nd f heav5 fill$ ! h\se :]e !y 7 sitt+1 & !y felt !mselves mov$ inw>dly by a new p[]1 "u :i* !y began to speak to ! multitude 9 ! temple1 address+ !m 9 all ! diff]5t languages repres5t$ by ! nations !re assembl$4 ,! "t _h come :5 !y c tell to ! _w all !y "k ab\t ,jesus fully & freely4 ,& :5 !y _h prais$ ,god1 to ! amazem5t ( ! p1 9 all _! tongues1 ,pet] arose1 n[ hav+ ! keys to ! k+dom 9 8 h&s1 n[ ready to execute 8 high commission to op5 ! gates & admit ^? :o 7 entitl$ to ent]1 & = ! fir/ "t 9 8 life beg9s to in=m m5 :o ,jesus is4 ,he deliv]s a disc\rse 9 :i* he says3 ,ye m5 ( ,israel1 he> ^! words3 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 a man approv$ ( ,god unto y by mighty works & wond]s & signs :i* ,god did by him 9 ! mid/ ( y1 ev5 z ye y\rselves "k2 him1 be+ deliv]$ by ! det]m9ate c\nsel & =ekn[l$ge ( ,god1 ye by ! h&s ( lawless m5 did crucify & slay3 :om ,god rais$ up1 hav+ loos$ ! pangs ( dea?4 ,he quotes language ( ! prophets to prove ?is4 ,he !n pres5ts ! te/imony ( himself & 8 fell[ apo/les to ! effect t ,jesus _h be5 rais$ f ! dead1 & t !y _h se5 him ) _! eyes & h&l$ him ) _! h&s4 ,he fur!r /ates t ,god _h said to ,jesus3 ,sit ?\ on my "r h&1 till ,i make ?9e enemies ! foot/ool ( ?y feet1 & closes ?is p[]ful argum5t ) ?is s\l-/irr+ appeal3 ,let all ! h\se ( ,israel !re=e "k assur$ly t ,god ha? made him bo? ,"l & ,*ri/1 ?is ,jesus :om ye crucifi$4 ,?ree ?\s& ( ^? :o /ood 9 ! he>+ ( ,pet]'s voice believ$ ?is1 felt prick$ 9 _! he>ts--t s5se ( guilt :i* ov]:elm$ !m :5 !y realiz$ t !y _h be5 guilty ( murd]+ ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 ! greate/ crime t human be+ ev] committ$--& 9 great agony ( s\l1 !y cri$ out3 ,bre?r51 :at %all we d8 to get rid ( ?is prick+ ( our he>ts1 to get rid ( ! awful crime1 to get rid ( our s9s be=e ,god & escape its consequ5ces 9 ! day ( ,god's wra? aga9/ s94 ,mov$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 ,pet] answ]$3 ,rep5t ye1 & be baptiz$1 e "o ( y1 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ unto ! remission ( y\r s9s2 & ye %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,?is 0 ,god's answ]1 t enabl$ !m to get rid ( _! guilt & condemnation at once4 ,& to assure !m /ill fur!r1 he said3 ,= to y is ! promise 7! remission ( s9s & ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s71 & to y\r *ildr51 & to all t are af> (f1 ev5 z _m z ! ,"l our ,god %all call unto him1 = ! commission 0 to all nations1 ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w4 ,b ,pet] did n /op "h1 = ) _m o!r words he te/ifi$1 & exhort$ !m1 say+1 ',save y\rselves f ?is crook$ g5]ation4' ,!n !y t receiv$ 8 ^w 7 baptiz$2 & !re 7 add$ unto !m 9 t day ab\t ?ree ?\s& s\ls4 ,n[1 let u see if we c ga!r f ?is brief n>rative :at ag5cies ,god us$ 9 br++ ab\t ! conv]sion ( ^! p1 & :at conditions !y _h to comply ) 9 ord] to receive ! b5efits ( ! r$emption :i* 0 provid$ by ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,,ag5cies #a4 ,! ,holy ,_s4 #b4 ,! apo/les1 speak+ z ! ,_s gave !m utt]ance1 te/ify+ ( ! ,*ri/ & plead+ ) s9n]s1 7 ! lead+ human ag5ts 9 ?is case ( conv]sion1 z !y are /ill & ev] w be2 = ?\gh dead !y yet speak ?r\gh ! ,gospel :i* !y fir/ prea*$ ?r\gh ! ,holy ,_s s5t d[n f heav54 ,z !y 7 ag5ts !n ?r\gh _! spok5 te/imony1 s !y are ag5ts n[ ?r\gh _! writt5 te/imony4 ,_! words live 9 all _! vitaliz+ p[]1 & c nev] be de/roy$4 #c4 ,! s9n]s !mselves1 guilt-/rick5 & inquir+1 _h also an ag5cy 9 ?is "w :i* s vitally conc]n$ !mselves4 ,x 0 !irs to att5d to ! ?+s spok5 by ! apo/les1 to he>k5 to ! div9e c\nsel1 to le>n ( ,jesus1 & to receive ! tru? t !y might be made alive4 ,!y _h ! div9ely-giv5 p[] to d ?is2 & !y also _h ! p[] to reject ! ,gospel & die1 o!rwise ! apo/le c\ld n say1 ,save y\rselves f ?is crook$ g5]ation--seize ! help ,god 0 hold+ out f heav54 ,,conditions #a4 ,!y he>d 7vs4 #h1 #aa1 #ad1 #bb1 #cg74 #b4 ,believ$ 7vs4 #cj71 9 accordance ) ! apo/le's appeal to !m1 o!rwise !y w\ld n h be5 prick$ 9 _! he>ts4 #c4 ,!y rep5t$4 #d4 ,7 baptiz$ 9 8 "n4 ,?us !y ent]$ ?r\gh ^! div9ely-appo9t$ conditions into ! enjoym5t ( ! bless+s graci\sly provid$ = !m ?r\gh ! dea? & m$iation4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ "t ! ,gospel 9 its fullness 0 ev] prea*$ "u ! guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s1 lead+ m5 into ! ,*ur* ( ,god & into ! remission ( _! s9s1 "u ! _w-wide commission ( ,jesus1 ! ,"l & ,ma/]2 = ,pet]1 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! conv]sion ( ,cornelius1 said3 ,z ,i began to speak1 ! ,holy ,_s fell on !m1 ev5 z on u at ! beg9n+ 7,acts #aa3ae74 ,on ! fir/ occasion1 :5 ! _w knew n ! way1 !re 0 ( necessity a dem& = a fullness & specificness ( direction1 a c>eful & di/9ct enum]ation ( ! /eps to be tak5 9 _! connection1 & ! ag5cies us$1 t 0 n ne$ful 9 aft] ref]5ces2 aft] ! /eps to be tak5 & ! ord] 0 once cle>ly made kn[n1 an allusion to "o lead+ /ep or po9t or ! ord] call$ up all ( !m4 ,^! 7 ! /eps to be tak51 ?is ! rule to be foll[$1 ! fix$ directions ( ! _s ( ,god1 seal$ by ! blood ( ,*ri/1 worldwide 9 its application1 & to /& to ! end ( ! _w4 ,no human p[] c abrogate1 *ange or modify ?is commission ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 ?is guidance ( ! ,_s2 & ,i feel sure t no "o c h a well-gr\nd$ assurance ( citiz5%ip 9 t k+dom until he has compli$ ) ! conditions pres5t$ 9 ! blood-seal$ commission ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 giv5 "u ! infallible guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,?is br+s u to ! discussion ( ! second division ( ! subject-- ,,conditions ,,( ,,cont9u$ ,,memb]%ip ,to all ^? :o ent]$ into ! apo/olic ,*ur* ! exhortation 0 giv53 ,putt+ away1 !re=e1 all wick$ness1 & all guile1 & hypocrisies1 & envies1 & all evil speak+s1 z new-born babes1 long = ! spiritual milk :i* is )\t guile1 t ye may gr[ !reby unto salvation 7,i ,pet] #b3a1 #b74 ,!y 7 also taught to let ! ^w ( ,*ri/ dwell 9 !m ri*ly 7,col4 #c3af74 ,?is 0 necess>y 9 ! m9d ( inspir$ m5 because !y realiz$ t to be a ,*ri/ian 0 to be l ,god4 ,x 0 to be l ,god 9 ! fle%4 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ,immanuel--,god ) u 9 ! fle%4 ,he came 9 ! fle% to take on himself all ! feel+s1 temptations1 & weaknesses ( humanity1 to %[ :at & h[ ! ,*ri/ian %\ld live4 ,) ?is 9 m9d x is easy to see t ) !m ! ,*ri/ian 0 ,god gr[+ 9 ! fle% up to ! /age ( maturity 9 man & p]fection "u ! law ( ! ,_s ( life 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,9 ! gr[? ( ! ,*ri/ian !re 0 a con/ant b gradual gr[? ( all ! desires & affections into ! lik5ess ( ! "* affections t move ,god2 a gr[? 9 "* 9 ! feel+s & 9 ?\ghts & 9 actions to ! life & "* ( ,god4 ,! ,*ri/ian's life 0 a cont9ual gr[? into a nobl] life ) ,god4 ,!y 7 to gr[ 9 ?\ghts & feel+s1 9 purposes & actions1 into ! lik5ess ( ,god4 ,solomon said3 ,= z he ?9ke? )9 himself1 s is he 7,prov4 #bc3g74 ,! ?\ghts & feel+s t a man *]i%es 9 8 he>t mold & %ape ! "* & make him :at he is4 ,a _s t loves z ,god loves & seeks to d good & bless z ,god does w gr[ into ! lik5ess ( ,god4 ,!y 7 taught t a man mu/ n only ?9k z ,god ?9ks2 b t ! ?\ghts mu/ gr[ into p]man5t pr9ciples *]i%$ 9 ! he>t2 t !y mu/ mold ! actions to make him act z ,god acts4 ,fai? 9 ,god made !m desire to ?9k1 feel & act l ,god1 :i* is ! end & accompli%m5t ( ! turn+ to ,god4 ,b all :o ent]$ into ! apo/olic ,*ur* did n *oose to ?us develop !mselves into ! lik5ess ( ,god & cont9ue 9 ! fell[%ip ) him1 = "s 7 put away4 ,!re 7 reasons = ?is4 ,s9ce "s 7 & "s 7 n1 x foll[s t !re 7 conditions ( cont9u$ fell[%ip4 ,"s h int]pret$ ! p>able ( ! t>es 7,matt4 #ac3bd-cj7--,let bo? gr[ toge!r until ! h>ve/--to mean t !re is to be no exclusion f ! ,*ur*1 b ?is is to make p>abolic language conflict ) pla91 unfigurative /atem5ts & hi/orical facts1 :i* is n admissible4 ,! ,savi\r direct$ t he :o w\ld n he> ! *ur* %\ld be z ! ,g5tile & ! publican 7,matt4 #ah3ag74 ,conc]n+ ! ince/u\s man 9 ! *ur* at ,cor9? ,paul said3 ,= ,i v]ily1 be+ abs5t 9 ! body b pres5t 9 _s1 h already z ?\gh ,i 7 pres5t judg$ him t ha? s wr\ght ?is ?+1 9 ! "n ( our ,"l ,jesus1 ye be+ ga!r$ toge!r1 & my _s1 ) ! p[] ( our ,"l ,jesus to deliv] su* a "o unto ,satan = ! de/ruction ( ! fle%1 t ! _s may be sav$ 9 ! day ( ! ,"l ,jesus 7,i ,cor4 #e3c-e74 ,& to ! ,!ssalonians he gave practically ! same directions3 ,n[ we comm& y1 bre?r51 9 ! "n ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 t ye )draw y\rselves f e bro!r t walke? disord]ly 7,,ii ,!ss4 #c3f74 ,! ,holy ,_s m5tions ! foll[+ ?+s z ! works ( ! fle%3 ,=nication1 uncleanness1 lascivi\sness1 idolatry1 sorc]y1 enmities1 /rife1 jeal\sies1 wra?s1 factions1 divisions1 p>ties1 envy+1 drunk5ness1 revel+s1 & su* l2 ( :i* ,i =ew>n y1 t !y :o practice su* ?+s %all n inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god 7,gal4 #e3aj-ba74 ,^? guilty ( su* ?+s c n inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,su* ?+s are disord]ly1 else !y w\ld n deprive "o ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,= ^? t walk ord]ly enjoy ! div9e favor4 ,s9ce su* ?+s are disord]ly1 & ! ,*ur* is to )draw f ^? :o walk disord]ly1 x foll[s t ! ,*ur* is to )draw f all su*4 ,!re=e1 ! congregation t did n d x1 disreg>d$ ! law & au?ority ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,( c\rse1 x is und]/ood t an e>ne/1 fai?ful ef=t 0 to be made to br+ su* (f5d]s to rep5tance1 & an ord]ly life2 b :5 su* ef=ts fail$1 !y 7 compell$ by ! law ( ,*ri/ to put !m away4 ,consequ5tly ! condition ( cont9u+ 9 ! memb]%ip ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god 0 an ord]ly ,*ri/ian life1 z ,i h already %[n4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,wor%ip ,( ! p "u ! new cov5ant ! ,holy ,_s1 ?r\gh ,pet]1 said3 ,b ye are an elect race1 a royal prie/hood1 a holy nation1 a p = ,god's own possession1 t ye may %[ ! excell5cies ( him :o call$ y out ( d>kness into 8 m>vel\s light 7,i ,pet] #b3i74 ,!y con/itute a nation--n a republic1 b a k+dom--s we read3 ,unto him t love? u1 & loos$ u f our s9s by 8 blood2 & he made u to be a k+dom1 to be prie/s unto 8 ,god & ,fa!r2 to him be ! glory & ! dom9ion = ev] & ev] 7,rev4 #a3f1 #g74 ,& made/ !m to be unto our ,god a k+dom & prie/s 7,rev4 #e3aj74 ,a nation or k+dom ( prie/s is equal to a nation or k+dom )\t prie/s4 ,& s ! :ole ,*ur* ( ,god is 8 lot1 h]itage1 cl]gy1 or prie/hood4 ,z a k+dom1 n ( ?is _w1 ?\gh 9 ! _w4 ,:5 on trial = 8 life1 ,jesus said3 ,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w3 if my k+dom 7 ( ?is _w1 !n w\ld my s]vants fight1 t ,i %\ld n be deliv]$ to ! ,jews2 b n[ is my k+dom n f h5ce 7,john #ah3cf74 ,?\gh on e>?1 n e>?ly1 & its honors & gr&eur are n ak9 to ^? ( ! nations ( ?is _w4 ,! subjects ( ?is k+dom 7 born1 n ( blood1 nor ( ! w ( ! fle%1 nor ( ! w ( man1 b ( ,god 7,john #a3ac72 born ( wat] & ! ,_s4 ,!y 7 all ! sons & daught]s ( ! ,"l ,almighty4 ,congregat$ = wor%ip & s]vice !y 7 n only a prie/hood1 b _! edification 0 committ$ to ! :ole body ( male memb]s1 exclud+ f m9i/]+ !re9 only ^? incapable ( edify+4 ,!re 7 eld]s1 requir$ to be apt to tea*1 n to be ! sole in/ructors ( ! *ur*1 b tak+ "p !re92 secur+ ord] & propriety on ! "p ( all4 ,e memb] 0 taught to att5d ! wor%ip regul>ly1 b ?is 0 n ! end4 ,ev5 if e memb] att5d$ regul>ly & punctually1 ?is 0 n to be ! end ( ! tea*+1 ! wor%ip1 ! s]vice4 ,^! 7 necess>y1 because )\t ^! ! end c\ld n be atta9$4 ,! end 0 to excite & secure ! active & e>ne/ labor ( e memb] 9 s]v+ ,god & tea*+ & help+ humanity4 ,"o c\ld n s]ve ,god )\t help+ o!rs4 ,he 0 to help !m spiritually1 morally1 intellectually & mat]ially4 ,! end ( all ! tea*+ & tra9+ ( m5 9 ! *ur* 0 t !y might be> fruit 9 do+ good to m54 ,paul said ( ,*ri/ ,jesus3 ,:o gave himself = u1 t he might r$eem u f all iniquity1 & purify unto himself a p = 8 own possession1 zeal\s ( good works 7,titus #b3ad74 ,!y 7 to cease to d evil & be zeal\s 9 good works4 ,fai?ful is ! say+1 & conc]n+ ^! ?+s ,i desire t ?\ affirm confid5tly1 to ! end t !y :o h believ$ 9 ,god may be c>eful to ma9ta9 good works4 ,^! are good & pr(itable unto m54444 ,& let our p also le>n to ma9ta9 good works = necess>y uses1 & t !y be n unfruitful 7,titus #c3h-ad74 ,! end ( ! tea*+ & ! wor%ip 0 to develop ! activity & direct ! en]gies ( e memb] 9 good works4 ,! fir/ elem5t ( true good to o!rs 0 to br+ !m into prop] spiritual relations to ,god1 = )\t ?is no good c be enjoy$4 ,b ?is spiritual h>mony ) ,god mu/ %[ itself 9 br++ e ?\ght into h>mony ) ! w ( ,god & s direct ! bodily en]gies z to br+ all good--spiritual1 intellectual & mat]ial--to all creatures4 ,e memb] ( ! ,*ur* 0 to p>ticipate 9 all ! s]vices ( ! *ur*2 & ! memb]s n only 7 compet5t to d all ! "w p]ta9+ to ! *ur*1 b !y ne$$ ?is "w & s]vice = _! own spiritual gr[?4 ,9 ?is s]vice alone c\ld ! ,*ri/ian f9d ! food & ex]cise ne$$ = 8 gr[+ wise & /rong 9 ! inn] man4 ,! spiritual man c\ld no m gr[ /rong & active )\t himself do+ ! wor%ip & "w ( ! *ur* ?an ! body c\ld gr[ /rong :ile refus+ ! food & ex]cise ne$$ = its gr[? & life4 ,9 ?is s]vice 9 ! *ur* man c\ld alone f9d ! highe/ developm5t ( ! s\l & ! m9d & ! body4 ,"o c\ld no m wor%ip & d ! "w 9 ! *ur* by proxy & gr[ spiritually !reby ?an he c\ld eat & take ex]cise by proxy & 8 body gr[ !reby4 ,! well-be+ ( e memb] dem&$ t he %\ld take active "p 9 ! wor%ip1 ! well-be+ ( ! *ur* dem&$ ! help ( e memb] t x may gr[ up 9 all ?+s unto him1 :o is ! head1 ev5 ,*ri/2 f :om all ! body fitly fram$ & knit toge!r ?r\gh t :i* e jo9t supplie?1 accord+ to ! work+ 9 due measure ( ea* sev]al "p1 mak+ ! increase ( ! body unto ! build+ up ( itself 9 love 7,eph4 #d3ae1 #af74 ,! po9t emphasiz$ "h is t e memb] _h 8 "w to d1 8 (fice to fill1 & by ?is h>moni\s work+ ( all ! p>ts ! body grew into ! well-proportion$ body ( ,*ri/--! ,*ur*4 ,! welf>e & developm5t ( ! :ole 0 dep5d5t ^u ! prop] work+s ( ea* & e memb]4 ,e *ild ( ,god1 by virtue ( 8 bir?right into ,god's family1 a family ( prie/s to ,god1 _h ! "r to p]=m any & e s]vice connect$ ) ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 limit$ only by ,god's directions & by ! ability to d x dec5tly & 9 ord]4 ,all 7 enc\rag$ to take "p 9 ! s]vice1 & 9 do+ ! s]vice ea* memb] manife/$ 8 tal5t = ! "w & tra9$ himself = fitness 9 ,god's "w4 ,e disp5sation has _h its peculi> wor%ip4 ,t ( ! ,jewi% disp5sation diff]$ f ! patri>*al4 ,! wor%ip "u ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation is radically diff]5t f bo?4 ,! wor%ip :i* 0 acceptable "u ! patri>*al w\ld condemn a ,jew2 & t :i* w\ld ju/ify a ,jew w\ld condemn a ,*ri/ian4 ,dur+ ! patri>*al disp5sation religion 0 conf9$ to ! family4 ,e "o 0 8 own prie/1 & he c\ld build 8 own alt> & (f] 8 own sacrifices = himself & = 8 family4 7,g54 #d3d2 #h3bj2 ,job4 #a3e47 ,b :5 ! prie/hood 0 *ang$1 & conf9$ to ! family ( ,levi 7,ex4 #bh3a2 ,num4 #be3aa-ac71 ?is wor%ip 0 no long] p]mitt$ by ^? includ$ 9 ! ,s9aitic cov5ant2 h5ce no long] acceptable4 ,x is likewise true t ! sacrifices (f]$ by ! ,levitical prie/hood ceas$ to be acceptable aft] ! dea? ( ,*ri/ & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:5 ,*ri/ asc5d$ to ! ,fa!r ! prie/hood 0 *ang$4 ,! high prie/hood !n pass$ into ! h&s ( "o belong+ to ano!r tribe1 f :i* no man ha? giv5 att5dance at ! alt>4 ,= x is evid5t t our ,"l ha? sprung out ( ,judah2 z to :i* tribe ,moses spake no?+ conc]n+ prie/s 7,heb4 #g3ac1 #ad74 ,! prie/hood be+ *ang$1 a *ange ( ! ,wor%ip foll[s z a necessity4 ,= ! prie/hood be+ *ang$1 !re is made ( necessity a *ange also ( ! law 7,heb4 #g3ab74 ,:ile ! wor%ip ( ! ?ree disp5sations _h "s ?+s 9 common1 ea* _h its di/9ctive peculi>ities4 ,s9ce ,*ri/ianity is di/+ui%$ f e o!r religion by its in/itutions & wor%ip1 x ( necessity foll[s t1 9 ord] to its pres]vation1 ^! mu/ be /rictly obs]v$4 ,no?+ %ort ( ?is c pres]ve ! ,*ur* f deg5]acy & f9al ext9ction4 ,z we h already le>n$1 a fundam5tal feature ( ! wor%ip 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god is ! ,univ]sal ,prie/hood ( its memb]%ip4 ,all ! memb]s ( ,god's family h became a royal prie/hood1 :o no long] (f] bloody sacrifices ( ! law ( ,moses1 b !y (f] _! bodies a liv+ sacrifice 7,rom4 #ab3a71 & ! sacrifice ( praise to ,god cont9ually1 t is1 ! fruit ( lips :i* make confession to 8 "n 7,heb4 #ac3ae74 ,s9ce all 7 prie/s1 all wor%ip$ ,god )\t any m$iator%ip o!r ?an t ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!y c\ld all come ) equal boldness to ! ?rone ( grace4 ,su* cl]ical di/9ction & arrogance z we h at ! pres5t "t _h no place !n4 ,t ! apo/les taught ! *ur*es to d all ! ,"l comm&$ w n be call$ 9 "q by ^? :o receive ! ,bible z au?ority4 ,:atev]1 !n1 ! *ur*es did by ! appo9tm5t or concurr5ce ( ! apo/les1 !y did by ! comm&m5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:atev] acts ( wor%ip ! apo/les taught & sanction$ 9 "o congregation1 !y taught & sanction$ 9 all1 because all "u ! same gov]nm5t ( ! same ,k+4 ,b ! *ur* 9 ,troas met ^u ! fir/ day ( ! week 444 to break bread 7,acts #bj3g71 & ,paul exhorts ! ,hebrew bre?r5 to consid] "o ano!r to provoke unto love & good works2 n =sak+ our own assembl+ toge!r1 z ! cu/om ( "s is1 b exhort+ "o ano!r2 & s mu* ! m z ye see ! day draw+ nigh 7,heb4 #aj3bd1 #be74 ,f ! mann] 9 :i* ?is meet+ ( ! disciples at ,troas is m5tion$ by ,luke1 two ?+s are v evid5t3 7#a7 ,t x 0 an e/abli%$ rule ( ! disciples to meet on ! fir/ day ( ! week2 7#b7 t ! prim>y object ( _! meet+ 0 to break bread4 ,& ,luke also tells u t ! ,j]usalem *ur* cont9u$ /eadfa/ly 9 ! apo/les' tea*+ & fell[%ip1 9 ! break+ ( bread & pray]s 7,acts #b3db71 :i* %[s u t ! break+ ( bread 0 a prom95t item 9 ^? /at$ meet+s4 ,o!r corroborat+ evid5ces ( ! /at$ meet+s on ! fir/ day ( ! week = religi\s purposes are indicat$ by ! in/ructions ,paul gave to ! *ur* 9 ,galatia & ,cor9?3 ,n[ conc]n+ ! collection = ! sa9ts1 z ,i gave ord] to ! *ur*es ( ,galatia1 s also d ye4 ,^u ! fir/ day ( ! week let ea* "o ( y lay by him 9 /ore1 z he may prosp]1 t no collections be made :5 ,i come 7,i ,cor4 #af3a1 #b74 ,z we h se5 t :atev] ! primitive *ur*es did by ! approval ( ! apo/les1 !y did by div9e au?ority1 n[1 z ,paul approv$ _! meet+ on ! fir/ day ( ! week1 x is z high au?ority z c\ld be requir$ = ! practice ( meet+ to wor%ip on ! fir/ day ( e week4 ,! items ( _! wor%ip 73 ,,! ,,apo/les' ,,tea*+ ,!y believ$ t ! tea*+ ( ! apo/les 0 f ,god & !y con/antly & dilig5tly /udi$ x1 t !y might "k & d ! :ole w ( ,god4 ,! con/ant /udy ( & ! pr(\nd rev]5ce = ! ,^w ( ,god 7 recogniz$ traits ( _! "*4 ,!y c]ta9ly _h ! ^w ( ,*ri/ dwell+ 9 !m ri*ly4 ,n only 0 read+ ! ,scriptures a "p ( all ! public wor%ip1 x 0 a daily cu/om 9 private life--9 ! family1 ! social circle1 & ev5 at _! toil4 ,on ?is po9t ,i w give ! te/imony ( ,lyman ,coleman1 :o has ga!r$ mu* in=mation on ?is subject4 ,he says3 ,no trait ( ! primitive ,*ri/ians 0 m rem>kable ?an _! pr(\nd rev]5ce = ! ,scriptures & _! dilig5t /udy ( !m4 ,! ,^w ( ,god1 dwell+ 9 !m ri*ly & ab\nd+1 0 _! m$itation all ! day long4 ,^? :o c\ld read nev] w5t abroad )\t tak+ "s "p ( ! ,bible ) !m4 ,! wom51 9 _! h\sehold labors1 wore "s portion ( ! sacr$ roll hang+ ab\t _! necks2 & ! m5 made x ! companion ( _! toil 9 ! field & ! work%op4 ,morn+1 noon & night !y read x at _! meals4 ,by ! recitals ( ! n>ratives ( sacr$ hi/ory1 by con/ant read+1 by p>aphrase1 by comm5t>y1 & by sacr$ song1 !y taught ! ,scriptures dilig5tly unto _! *ildr52 talk$ ( ^! heav5ly !mes :5 !y sat 9 _! h\se1 :5 !y walk$ by ! way1 :5 !y laid !mselves d[n1 & :5 !y rose up4 ,"o relates ) great delight t he nev] sat at meat ) ,orig51 ,a4 ,d4 #bbe1 b "o ( ! company read to ! o!r4 ,!y nev] retir$ to re/ )\t fir/ read+ ! ,bible4 ,s dilig5t 7 !y 9 ?is div9e employm5t t pray]s succe$$ read+ ( ! ,^w1 & ! read+ ( ! ,^w to pray]4 7,anci5t ,*ri/ianity ,exemplifi$1 ,page #eg47 ,augu/us ,ne&] says3 ,! nature ( s+le acts ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip w be evid5t f :at we h rem>k$ respect+ its ess5ce g5]ally4 ,z ! elevation ( ! _s & he>t ( ! unit$ ,*ur* ( ,god 0 ! end ( ! :ole1 s in/ruction & edification by unit+ 9 ! common contemplation ( ! div9e ,^w1 con/itut$1 f ! fir/1 a pr9cipal "p ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip4 ,! mode 9 :i* ?is 0 done might1 l ! =m ( ! *ur* con/itution1 be closely connect$ ) ! arrangem5t ( ! assemblies ( ! ,jewi% communities 9 ! synagogues4 ,z 9 ! synagogue assemblies ( ! ,jews ! read+ ( portions f ! ,old ,te/am5t =m$ ! basis ( religi\s in/ruction1 s ! same practice pass$ ov] into ! ,*ri/ian assemblies4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t 0 read fir/1 p>ticul>ly ! prophetic p>ts ( x1 z ref]r+ to ! ,messiah2 next1 ! gospels1 & f9ally ! apo/olic epi/les4 ,! read+ ( ! ,scriptures 0 ( ! great] consequ5ce1 s9ce x 0 desir$ to make e ,*ri/ian famili> ) !m4 7,hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ,vol4 #a1 ,page #dab47 ,,! ,,fell[%ip ,! lead+ idea ( ?is t]m is t ( jo9t p>ticipation4 ,we h fell[%ip ) ,god because we are made p>tak]s ( ! div9e nature1 z we escape ! corruption t is 9 ! _w ?r\gh lu/4 ,we h fell[%ip ) ,jesus ,*ri/ because ( ! common sympa?ies :i* 8 life & suff]+s h e/abli%$ betwe5 himself & u4 ,to be 9 fell[%ip ) him means to take "p 9 8 pov]ty & want1 to %>e 9 8 sorr[s1 8 suff]+s & self-d5ial 9 ?is _w1 z well z to p>take ( ! joys & hopes1 ! consolations & bless$ness ( ?is _w1 & ! hopes & glories ( ! _w to come4 ,we h fell[%ip ) "o ano!r because ( ! mutual p>ticipation 9 ea* o!r's affections1 joys1 sorr[s & ne$s4 ,! ^w z "h us$ includes ! contribution :i* 0 regul>ly made on ! fir/ day ( e week4 ,paul says3 ,^u ! fir/ day ( ! week let ea* "o ( y lay by him 9 /ore z he may prosp] 7,i ,cor4 #af3b74 ,! small (f]+ ( ! poor 0 z mu* dem&$ z ! great] ones ( ! ri*1 & j z acceptable4 ,! regulation gov]n+ ?is 03 ,= if ! read9ess is !re1 x is acceptable accord+ z a man ha?1 n accord+ z he ha? n 7,,ii ,cor4 #h3ab74 ,god nev] valu$ ! (f]+s br\ght to him by _! intr9sic value1 b by ! sacrifice made by ! "o mak+ ! (f]+4 ,x 0 also requir$ t ! wor%ip] %\ld be lib]al & *e]ful 9 giv+4 ,he t s[e? sp>+ly %all reap also sp>+ly2 & he t s[e? b\ntifully %all reap also b\ntifully4 ,let ea* man d z he ha? purpos$ 9 8 he>t2 n grudg+ly1 or ( necessity3 = ,god love? a *e]ful giv] 7,,ii ,cor4 #i3f1 #g74 ,?is %[s t a *e]ful1 b\ntiful (f]+ to ,god is b a reasonable measure ( lib]ality4 ,god expect$ ?is ( e wor%ip]4 ,,break+ ,,bread ,t ! *ur*es 9 apo/olic times met on ! fir/ day ( e week to p>take ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 is well at te/$ by bo? inspir$ & un9spir$ writ]s4 ,x is pla9ly /at$ t ! disciples at ,troas ga!r$ toge!r to break bread2 & :at "o *ur* did by ! au?ority ( ! ,"l1 z a "p ( 8 in/itut$ wor%ip1 !y all did4 ,t !y met = ?is purpose is n to be inf]r$1 = ,luke says3 ,& ^u ! fir/ day ( ! week1 :5 we 7 ga!r$ toge!r to break bread1 ,paul disc\rs$ ) !m1 int5d+ to dep>t on ! morr[2 & prolong$ 8 spee* until midnight 7,acts #bj3g74 ,f ! way ?is meet+ is m5tion$ two ?+s are q obvi\s3 7#a7 ,t x 0 an e/abli%$ cu/om = ! disciples to meet on ! fir/ day ( ! week2 & 7#b7 t ! prim>y object ( ?is meet+ 0 to break bread4 ,all ,biblical s*ol>s & *ur* hi/orians1 )\t reg>d to d5om9ation1 g5]ally conc$e t ! apo/olic *ur* obs]v$ ! ,"l's ,supp] on ! fir/ day ( e week4 ,out ( ! _m pro(s t might be giv5 ( ?is ,i w give ! te/imony ( only "o4 ,mo%eim says3 ,! fir/ ( all ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es f\nd$ by ! apo/les 0 t ( ,j]usalem2 & aft] ! =m & model ( ?is1 all ! o!rs ( t age 7 con/itut$4 ,t ,*ur*1 h[ev]1 0 gov]n$ imm$iately by ! apo/les1 to :om ! presbyt]s & ! deacons1 or ov]se]s ( ! poor1 7 subject4 ,?\gh ! p _h n )drawn !mselves f ! ,jewi% wor%ip1 yet !y held _! own sep>ate meet+s1 9 :i* !y 7 in/ruct$ by ! apo/les & presbyt]s1 (f]$ up _! unit$ pray]s1 celebrat$ ! sacr$ supp]1 ! memorial ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ( 8 dea?1 & ! salvation he procur$4444 ,! ,*ri/ians ( ?is c5tury assembl$ = ! wor%ip ( ,god & = _! advancem5t 9 piety on ! fir/ day ( ! week1 ! day on :i* ,*ri/ reassum$ 8 life2 = t ?is day 0 set ap>t = religi\s wor%ip by ! apo/les !mselves1 & t1 aft] ! example ( ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem1 x 0 g5]ally obs]v$ we h unexceptional te/imony4 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,i1 page #df1 #he47 ,?is te/imony is confirm$ by ! pagan ,pl9y 9 8 well-kn[n lett] to ,trajan 7ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #ajj71 writt5 :ile he presid$ ov] ,pontus & ,bi?ynia4 ,he says3 ,! ,*ri/ians affirm ! :ole ( _! guilt or error to be t !y 7 accu/om$ to meet toge!r on a /at$ day1 be=e x 0 light1 & to s+ hymns to ,*ri/ z a god1 & to b9d !mselves by a sacrim5tum1 n = any wick$ purpose1 b nev] to commit fraud1 !ft1 or adult]y2 nev] to break _! ^w or to refuse1 :5 call$ ^u1 to deliv] up any tru/2 aft] :i* x 0 _! cu/om to sep>ate1 & to assemble aga9 to take a meal1 b a g5]al "o1 & )\t guilty purpose4 7,epi/le ,x1 #ig47 ,,pray]s ,simplicity *>act]iz$ ev]y?+ 9 ! primitive wor%ip4 ,consequ5tly ! pray]s ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 ( ! mo/ simple & artless "*4 ,!y reg>d$ pray] z a quick5+ _s1 draw+ =? ! inw>d inspirations ( ! s\l aft] ,god1 & accompani$ e important act ( _! public & private life ) ?is holy privilege1 & ,paul exhorts 8 read]s to pray )\t ceas+4 ,on ?is subject ,lyman ,coleman says3 ,! pray]s ( ! ,*ur* 7 (f]$ 9 language ! mo/ artless & natural4 ,ev5 ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! apologi/s & e>ly fa!rs1 su* z ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,!ophilus ( ,antio*1 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,orig51 ,t]tullian1 ,cyprian1 ,arnobius1 & ,lactantius1 :o 7 no /rang]s to ! graces ( diction1 refus$ all ornam5tal embelli%m5ts 9 _! addresses to ! ?rone ( grace1 alleg+ t ! k+dom ( heav5 consi/s n 9 words1 b 9 p[]4 ,_! pray]s 7 accord+ly (f]$ 9 ! greate/ simplicity1 & z f> z possible 9 ! phraseology ( ,scripture4 ,?is artlessness & elegant simplicity appe>s 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! o/5tation & bomba/ ( a lat] date4 ,?is contra/ appe>s equally great also 9 ! brevity ( ^! pray]s4 ,x 0 a maxim ( ! primitive ,*ur* t _m words %\ld nev] be employ$ to express :at might be bett] said 9 a few4 7,ibid1 page #caf47 ,,s++ ,_! s++ 0 a real he>tfelt s]vice4 ,! ,holy ,_s said3 ,& be n drunk5 ) w9e1 :]e9 is riot1 b be fill$ ) ! ,_s2 speak+ to "o ano!r 9 psalms & hymns & spiritual songs1 s++ & mak+ melody ) y\r he>ts to ! ,"l 7,eph4 #e3ah1 #ai74 ,& aga91 ,let ! ^w ( ,*ri/ dwell 9 y ri*ly2 9 all wisdom tea*+ & admoni%+ "o ano!r ) psalms & hymns & spiritual songs1 s++ ) grace 9 y\r he>ts unto ,god 7,col4 #c3af74 ,9 ?is delightful s]vice ! :ole congregation d\btless took "p4 ,x has be5 cont5d$1 rec5tly1 t ! s++ ( ! fir/ *ur*es 0 n congregational1 & !re=e our congregational s++ is z unscriptural & unau?oriz$ z any musical p]=mance 9 ! wor%ip4 ,! te/imony ( hi/ory is aga9/ ?is /atem5t4 ,on ?is subject ,philip ,s*aff says3 ,! song1 a =m ( pray]1 9 ! fe/ive dress ( pietry & ! elevat$ language ( inspiration1 rais+ ! congregation to ! highe/ pit* ( devotion1 & giv+ x a "p 9 ! heav5ly h>monies ( ! sa9ts4 ,?is pass$ imm$iately1 ) psalms ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ^? inexhau/ible treasures ( spiritual exp]i5ce1 edification & com=t1 f ! temple & ! synagogue into ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! ,"l himself inaugurat$ psalmody into ! new cov5ant at ! in/itution ( ! holy ,supp]1 & ,paul expressly enjo9$ ! s++ ( psalms & hymns & spiritual songs z a means ( social edification4 7,hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ,vol4 ,i1 page #dfc47 ,to ! same effect te/ifies ,lyman ,coleman3 ,! prevail+ mode ( s++ dur+ ! fir/ ?ree c5turies 0 congregational4 ,! :ole congregation unit$ _! voices 9 ! sacr$ song ( praise1 9 /ra9s suit$ to _! ability4 ,_! music1 if su* x c\ld be call$1 01 ( necessity1 crude & simple4 ,inde$1 x appe>s to h be5 a k9d ( recitative or *ant4 ,! *>m ( _! sacr$ music 0 n 9 ! h>mony ( sweet s\nds1 b 9 ! melody ( ! he>t4444 ,b1 h[ev] ?is may be1 ! mo/ anci5t & mo/ common mode ( s++ 0 confess$ly = ! :ole assembly2 m51 wom5 & *ildr5 bl5d _! voices 9 _! songs ( praise 9 ! great congregation4 ,su* is ! te/imony ( ,hill>y1 ( ,augu/9 & ,*ryso/om4 ,=m]ly all came toge!r & unit$ 9 _! song1 z is /ill our cu/om4 ,m5 & wom51 ! ag$ & ! "y1 7 di/+ui%$ only by _! skill 9 s++1 = ! _s :i* l$ ! voice ( ea* "o bl5d$ all 9 "o h>moni\s melody4 7,anci5t ,*ri/ianity ,exemplifi$1 pages #cbi1 #ccj47 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,polity ,by ! t]m polity ,i mean ! organic /ructure & gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,no?+ is m obvi\s f ! ,new ,te/am5t record ?an ! simplicity :i* *>act]iz$ its primitive organization4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> ,*ri/ianity 0 9 m>k$ contra/ ) ,judaism4 ,) temple1 tab]nacle or alt>s2 )\t prie/s or ,levites1 & almo/ )\t c]emonies1 x made kn[n at once its "* & purpose z spiritual & n c>nal1 z1 9 fact1 a k+dom ( ,god n ( ?is _w4 ,its only au?ority 0 ,,! ,,^w ,,( ,,god ,we h already se5 t ! only cre$ ( ! primitive ,*ur* 0 ! c5tral tru? ( ,god's revelation to man--,?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,! :ole ,new ,te/am5t is b an expansion ( ?is ?\ght4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 9 confess+ _! fai? 9 ,*ri/1 accept$ ! :ole revelation ( ,god bas$ ^u x z _! absolute & only au?ority4 ,! tea*+ ( inspir$ m5 0 to !m :at ! ,new ,te/am5t is to u1 till _! tea*+ 0 record$ & ! necessity = oral inspiration ceas$4 ,! all-suffici5cy ( ! ,holy ,scriptures is ?us express$ by ! inspir$ apo/le3 ,e scripture inspir$ ( ,god is also pr(itable = tea*+1 = repro(1 = correction1 = in/ruction :i* is 9 righte\sness3 = ! man ( ,god may be complete1 furni%$ completely unto e good "w 7,,ii ,tim4 #c3af1 #ag74 ,?is mo/ evid5tly ref]s to ! ,old ,te/am5t z a :ole--! book t ,timo?y _h kn[n f 8 *ildhood4 ,! tea*+ ( ,jesus & ! apo/les 9 connection ) ! examples1 ! tea*+s1 ! w>n+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ,scriptures1 are suffici5t to ?or\ghly furni% ! man ( ,god ) in/ruction necess>y to c>ry+ out all ! requirem5ts ( ,god 9 e relation%ip ( life4 ,paul's confid5ce 9 ! suffici5cy ( ! ,^w ( ,god is also express$ 9 ^! words3 ,& n[ ,i comm5d y to ,god1 & to ! ^w ( 8 grace1 :i* is able to build y up1 & to give ! inh]itance among !m t are sanctifi$ 7,acts #bj3cb74 ,9 ! ,"l's pray]1 j be=e 8 arre/ & tragic dea?1 he said3 ,sanctify !m 9 ! tru?2 ?y ^w is tru? 7,john #ag3ag74 ,f :at is "h /at$ x is evid5t t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 fully conv9c$ t ! ,^w ( ,god 9 ! "w ( r$emption 0 all-suffici5t = ! accompli%m5t ( ! foll[+ ?+s3 7#a7 ,tea*+4 7#b7 ,repro(--conviction ( s94 7#c7 ,correction--= sett+ m5 upright4 7#d7 ,in/ruction 9 righte\sness4 7#e7 ,build m5 up4 7#f7 ,sanctification4 7#g7 ,give an inh]itance4 7#h7 ,& p]fection 9 good works4 ,s9ce ! ,bible furni%es all ?is1 x w\ld be difficult to conceive any want x does n supply4 ,x leaves no room = a human cre$1 nor any o!r au?ority 9 matt]s ( fai?4 ,h5ce x is a fact1 conc$$ by all ,biblical /ud5ts1 t ! apo/olic ,*ur* accept$ ! ,^w ( ,god z its absolute & only au?ority 9 all religi\s affairs4 ,,names ,^? :o became foll[]s ( ,*ri/ 9 ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity 7 designat$ by sev]al names1 all ( :i* 7 significant4 ,!y 7 call$ sa9ts because !y _h be5 set ap>t to ! s]vice ( ,god2 bre?r51 because ( _! relation z memb]s ( a common family2 elect because !y 7 *os5 ( ,god 9 ,*ri/ by ! ,gospel2 *ildr5 ( ,god1 because ( _! relation to him z a common ,fa!r2 believ]s1 because ( _! devotion to ,*ri/ & ( _! fai? 9 him2 disciples1 because !y 7 le>n]s 9 ! s*ool ( _! ,ma/]2 ,*ri/ians1 because !y 7 foll[]s ( ,*ri/ & citiz5s ( 8 k+dom4 ,x 0 natural1 !re=e1 t ! la/ "n %\ld soon become ! mo/ prom95t & be freely us$ by ! fri5d & foe 9 times ( p]secution4 ,pet] says3 ,if a man suff] z a ,*ri/ian1 let him n be a%am$2 b let him glorify ,god 9 ?is "n 7,i ,pet] #d3af74 ,x 0 ! "n t unit$ believ]s 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,*ri/1 & 0 ! mo/ compreh5sive ( all ! names ( ^? giv5 to ^? :o compos$ ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,to be call$ a ,*ri/ian c>ri$ ) x all ! honors impli$ 9 all ! o!r names4 ,all ^! names 7 worn by div9e au?ority1 & 7 evid5tly giv5 by inspiration4 ,,congregational ,,indep5d5ce ,ea* congregation 0 indep5d5t ( all o!rs 9 its gov]nm5t4 ,!y su/a9$ a frat]nal relation to ea* o!r z p>ts ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 b no "o 0 "u ! ecclesia/ical au?ority ( ano!r4 ,!re is no ecclesia/ical au?ority recogniz$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t except t ( a s+le congregation1 & t only :5 act+ /rictly 9 ob$i5ce to ! w ( ,*ri/4 ,f su* a decision !re is no c\rt ( appeal4 ,on ?is po9t ,i submit ! te/imony ( a few di/+ui%$ m51 :o1 :ile !y /ood id5tifi$ ) an ecclecia/icism rul+ ! individual congregation1 admit t no su* ?+ 0 kn[n to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,mo%eim says3 ,all ! *ur*es1 9 ^? primitive times1 7 indep5d5t bodies2 or none ( !m subject to ! jurisdiction ( any o!r4 ,= ?\gh ! *ur*es :i* 7 f\nd$ by ! apo/les !mselves frequ5tly _h ! honor %[n !m to be consult$ 9 difficult & d\btful cases1 yet !y _h no judicial au?ority1 no control1 no p[] ( giv+ laws4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is z cle> z ! noon-day1 t all ,*ri/ian *ur*es _h equal rights1 & 7 9 all respects on a foot+ ( equality4 ,nor does !re appe> 9 ?is fir/ c5tury any ve/ige ( t consociation ( ! *ur*es ( ! same prov9ces1 :i* gave rise to ecclesia/ical c\ncils1 & to metropolitans4 ,b1 r z is manife/1 x 0 n till ! second c5tury t ! cu/om ( hold+ ecclesia/ical c\ncils fir/ began 9 ,greece1 & !nce ext5d$ into o!r prov9ces4 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 #a1 page #gb47 ,conc]n+ ! *ur*es ( ! second c5tury1 ,mo%eim says3 ,dur+ a great "p ( ?is c5tury1 all *ur*es cont9u$ to be z at fir/1 indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 or 7 connect$ by no consociation or conf$]ation4 ,ea* *ur* 0 a k9d ( small indep5d5t republic1 gov]n+ itself by its own laws1 enact$ or at lea/ sanction$ by ! p4 ,b 9 ! process ( "t x became cu/om>y = all ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es )9 ! same prov9ce to unite & =m a sort ( l>g] society or commonweal?2 & 9 ! mann] ( conf$]at$ republics1 to hold _! conv5tions at /at$ times1 & !re delib]ate = ! common advantage ( ! :ole conf$]ation4 7,ibid1 page #aaf47 ,( ! indep5d5ce ( ! apo/olic *ur*es1 ,pr(4 ,lyman ,coleman says3 ,^! *ur*es1 :5ev] =m$1 became sep>ate & indep5d5t bodies1 compet5t to appo9t _! own (fic]s1 & to adm9i/] _! own gov]nm5t )\t ref]5ce to subord9ation to any c5tral au?ority or =eign p[]4 ,no fact connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ^! primitive *ur*es is m fully e/abli%$ or m g5]ally conc$$1 s t ! discussion ( x ne$ n be r5ew$ at ?is place4 7,anci5t ,*ri/ianity ,exemplifi$1 page #ie47 ,f ?is we le>n3 7#a7 ,t dur+ ! fir/ c5tury & ! e>ly "p ( ! second ! *ur*es 7 indep5d5t2 & 7#b7 t s soon z !y conf$]at$ = ! common int]e/ _! indep5d5cy 0 de/roy$ & a tyrannical ecclesia/icism e/abli%$4 ,mu* m might be giv5 to e/abli% ! face ( ! congregational indep5d5ce ( ! apo/olic *ur*es1 b z t is s well e/abli%$ & s g5]ally admitt$1 x does n seem necess>y4 ,,eld]s ,9 e fully-develop$ *ur* 9 apo/olic times !re 0 a plurality ( eld]s or bi%ops4 ,luke says3 ,& f ,miletus he ,paul s5t to ,ephesus1 & call$ to him ! eld]s ( ! *ur*4 ,& :5 !y 7 come to him he said unto !m1 444 ,take he$ unto y\rselves1 & to all ! flock1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,_s ha? made y bi%ops1 to fe$ ! *ur* ( ! ,"l :i* he pur*as$ ) 8 own blood 7,acts #bj3ag-bh74 ,f ?is we n only le>n t !re 0 a plurality ( eld]s at ,ephesus1 b !y 7 also call$ bi%ops1 :i* cle>ly proves t ! t]ms eld] & bi%op are us$ synonym\sly4 ,( ,paul & ,b>nabas x is said3 ,& :5 !y _h prea*$ ! gospel to t city ,d]be1 & _h made _m disciples1 !y return$ to ,ly/ra1 & to ,iconium1 & to ,antio*1 confirm+ ! s\ls ( ! disciples4444 ,& :5 !y _h appo9t$ = !m eld]s 9 e *ur*1 & _h pray$ ) fa/+1 !y comm5d$ !m to ! ,"l1 on :om !y _h believ$ 7,acts #ad3ba-bc74 ,f ?is we le>n t eld]s 7 appo9t$ 9 e *ur*4 ,t !re 7 a plurality ( eld]s 9 e fully-develop$ *ur* is abundantly prov$ by hi/orical te/imony4 ,! eld]%ip is ! mo/ sacr$ tru/ ( ,god to 8 *ur*4 ,god is ! legislator1 ! only lawmak] ( 8 p4 ,8 au?ority is absolute1 8 p[] omnipot5t4 ,to ! eld]s is committ$ ! "w ( tea*+ & en=c+ ! laws ( ,god & ( gu>d+ !m aga9/ all p]v]sion or corruption by add+ to or tak+ f1 or by br++ 9 ! cu/oms1 traditions1 or doctr9es ( m54 ,no eld] c be fai?ful to ,god )\t hold+ to ! fai?ful ^w :i* is accord+ to ! tea*+1 t he may be able to exhort 9 s\nd doctr9e1 & to convict ! ga9say]s 7,titus #a3i74 ,! ,holy ,_s ?r\gh ,pet] *>ges !m to t5d ! flock ( ,god :i* is among y1 ex]cis+ ! ov]sight1 n ( con/ra9t1 b will+ly1 accord+ to ! w ( ,god2 nor yet = fil?y lucre1 b ( a ready m9d2 nei!r z lord+ x ov] ! *>ge allott$ to y1 b mak+ y\rselves ensamples to ! flock 7,i ,pet] #e3b-d74 ,_! (fice is to fe$ ! flock on ! ,spiritual milk :i* is )\t guile t !y may gr[ !reby unto salvation4 7,see ,i ,pet] #b3b47 ,!y are ! gu>dians ( ,god's h]itage1 to keep x f be+ l$ away f him4 ,!y are to make no rules ( _! own1 z ?\gh !y are ! lords or rul]s ov] ,god's h\se4 ,!y h no au?ority save to en=ce ! law ( ,god1 & s set an example ( fidelity to ,god to be foll[$ by ! *ur*4 ,if eld]s consci5ti\sly conf9e !mselves to ! law ( ,god1 !y c give acc\nt ) joy2 o!rwise ) grief4 ,! _s 9 :i* ?is is to be done is giv5 by ,paul 9 8 *>ge to ! eld]s at ,ephesus3 ,take he$ unto y\rselves1 & to all ! flock1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,_s ha? made y bi%ops1 to fe$ ! *ur* ( ! ,"l :i* he pur*as$ ) 8 own blood4 ,i "k t aft] my dep>t+ griev\s wolves ent] 9 among y1 n sp>+ ! flock2 & f among y\r own selves %all m5 arise1 speak+ p]v]se ?+s1 to draw away disciples aft] !m4 ,:]e=e wat* ye1 rememb]+ t by ! space ( ?ree ye>s ,i ceas$ n to admoni% e "o night & day ) te>s1 & n[ ,i comm5d y to ,god1 & to ! ^w ( 8 grace1 :i* is able to build y up1 & give y ! inh]itance among all !m t are sanctifi$ 7,acts #bj3bh-cb74 ,?is exhortation 0 giv5 to guide ! eld]s 9 _! "w4 ,a fundam5tal & all-p]vad+ pr9ciple ( ?is c\nsel is t no?+ is to be taught or practic$ ( ! precepts ( man4 ,! eld]s are to gu>d & pres]ve ! purity ( ,god's ^w1 ! fai? & peace ( ! *ur* & s promote ! salvation ( man4 ,_! labors 7 conf9$ to ! congregation 9 :i* !y held _! memb]%ip1 & to :i* !y 7 responsible = _! conduct4 ,,deacons ,!re 7 also a plurality ( deacons 9 e full-develop$ congregation4 ,luke tells u 7,acts #f3c7 t ! ,*ur* 9 ,j]usalem select$ sev5 deacons4 ,x is true t !y are n "h call$ deacons1 b ! "w to :i* !y 7 call$ corresponds to t ( ! deacons z describ$ by ,paul 9 8 lett] to ,timo?y4 ,! "w ( bo? is express$ by ! same ^w 9 ! ,greek4 ,paul address$ a lett] to all ! sa9ts 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus t are at ,philippi1 ) ! bi%ops & deacons4 ,h5ce !re 7 a plurality 9 ! ,*ur* at ,philippi4 ,?is be+ true1 & ,j]usalem be+ ! ,*ur* aft] :i* ! o!rs 7 model$1 ,i conclude t :at 0 true ( ^! *ur*es 0 true ( all ! o!rs4 ,,evangeli/s ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ,*ur* !re 0 a class ( labor]s call$ evangeli/s4 ,_! "w diff]$ v mat]ially f t ( ! eld]s & deacons4 ,philip1 :o 0 "o ( ! sev5 t 7 appo9t$ deacons 9 ! ,*ur* at ,j]usalem1 is ! fir/ evangeli/ ( :i* we h any acc\nt4 ,he w5t d[n to ! city ( ,sam>ia1 & proclaim$ unto !m ! ,*ri/4 ,& ! multitude gave he$ ) "o accord unto ! ?+s t 7 spok5 by ,philip :5 !y he>d & saw ! signs :i* he did4444 ,& :5 !y believ$ ,philip prea*+ good tid+s conc]n+ ! k+dom ( ,god & ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 !y 7 baptiz$1 bo? m5 & wom5 7,acts #h3e-ab74 ,!nce he w5t1 9 ob$i5ce to ! in/ruction ( ! angel1 unto ! way t goe? d[n f ,j]usalem unto ,gaza1 :]e he met a man ( ,e?iopia1 & prea*$ unto him ,jesus4 ,& z !y w5t on _! way1 !y came unto a c]ta9 wat]2 & ! eunu* said1 ,behold "h is wat]2 :at do? h9d] me to be baptiz$8444 ,& !y bo? w5t d[n into ! wat]1 bo? ,philip & ! eunu*2 & he baptiz$ him4 ,f ?is we le>n t a deacon may soon develop into an evangeli/4 ,timo?y 0 exhort$ to d ! "w ( an evangeli/2 h5ce x is legitimate to inf] t he 0 "o4 ,f ! lett]s to ,timo?y & ,titus x appe>s t ! g5]al "w ( an evangeli/ 0 to prea* ! ,gospel 9 o!r fields ?an ! congregation 9 :i* he held 8 memb]%ip1 e/abli% *ur*es & take c>e ( !m1 appo9t eld]s & deacons :5 su* "w 0 appropriate1 & to labor = su* congregations z ne$$ assi/ance1 :e!r ) or )\t an eld]%ip4 ,,"p ,,ii ,! ,fall+ ,away ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,fall+ ,,away ,,pr$ict$ ,! ,savi\r1 :5 ab\t to leave 8 apo/les1 pray$ ! ,fa!r1 t z he till !n _h kept !m1 s !y might be kept :5 he 0 no long] p]sonally ) !m1 add+3 ,i pray n t ?\ %\ld/ take !m f ! _w1 b t ?\ %\ld/ keep !m f ! evil "o 7,john #ag3ae74 ,& 8 pray] 0 answ]$1 = ?\gh ,jew & ,g5tile s\ght _! dea?1 yet !y 7 pres]v$ until ! *ur* /ood =? 9 ! measure ( ! /ature ( ! fullness ( ,*ri/--till ! p]fect _h come4 ,& :at a p]fection x 06 ,p]fect unfold+ ( ! love ( ,god1 s f> z t c be compreh5d$ 9 ?is life2 p]fect exhibition ( ! plan ( salvation2 p]fect deliv]ance ( ! fai?2 p]fect$ canon ( ,scripture2 p]fect$ *ur* policy2 p]fect$ hope1 bloom+ ) immortality4 ,! la/ ( ! apo/les 7 pres]v$ to ! *ur* till ! entire apo/olic "w 0 done4 ,! p]fect _h ?us come1 & apo/les 7 no m ne$$1 & h no m be5 _h4 ,b not)/&+ p]fection s v>i$1 ! _w is n yet br\ght to ! ,savi\r4 ,?is w\ld surprise u did we n "k t dep>ture f ! fai? & ord] has be5 z complete & widespread z c\ld be4 ,?is sad condition1 h[ev]1 did n come unaw>es ^u ! *ur*1 = our ,savi\r himself1 & 8 apo/les1 =etold ! apo/asy1 & s m9utely t its v exi/5ce /&s out t prophets & apo/les spake f ,god1 be+ mov$ by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt we h ?is solemn note ( w>n+3 ,bew>e ( false prophets1 :o come to y 9 %eep's clo?+1 b inw>dly !y are rav5+ wolves4444 ,by _! fruits ye %all "k !m 7,matt4 #g3ae-bj74 ,^! false prophets 7 m5 :o w\ld te> & r5d ! %eep to satisfy _! own gre$2 com+ n only z enemies1 b 9 %eep's clo?+1 aris+ f among ! flock4 ,on c>eful exam9ation x w be f\nd t ! apo/les nev] taught ! disciples to look = an unbrok5 triumph ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,paul gives w>n+ to ! ,ephesian eld]s conc]n+ griev\s wolves :o w\ld n sp>e ! flock 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,take he$ unto y\rselves1 to fe$ ! *ur* ( ! ,"l :i* he pur*as$ ) 8 own blood4 ,i "k t aft] my dep>t+ griev\s wolves %all ent] 9 among y1 n sp>+ ! flock2 & f y\r own selves %all m5 arise1 speak+ p]v]se ?+s1 to draw away disciples aft] !m 7,acts #bj3bh-cj74 ,^! griev\s1 te>+ wolves 7 to arise1 n only 9 ! *ur*1 b f among ! eld]s4 ,!y w\ld c>e = ! fleece1 n = ! flock2 speak+ p]v]se ?+s to draw away f ! tru? ( ,god4 ,paul's epi/les repeat ! w>n+ to ! ,ephesian eld]s 9 v>i\s & awful =ms4 ,he wrote 8 second lett] to ! *ur* 9 ,!ssalonica = ! express purpose ( gu>d+ ! *ur* aga9/ ! expect$ return ( ! ,"l be=e ! fall+ away 9 ! *ur*1 & ! man ( s9 be reveal$1 ! son ( p]dition1 he t oppose? & exalte? himself aga9/ all t is call$ ,god or t is wor%ip$2 s t he sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god sett+ himself =? z ,god 7,,ii ,!ss4 #b3c1 #d74 ,9 ?is x is cle>ly set =? t a pr9ciple 0 at "w 9 ! *ur* t w\ld "w out developm5ts & organizations t w\ld set aside ! au?ority ( ,god4 ,! place or pr]ogative ( ,god is to sit z lawmak]1 to make laws = 8 k+dom & 8 p1 & :oev] or :atev] proposes to legislate1 make1 repeal or modify ! laws ( ,god1 add to or take f :at ,god has said1 is ! man ( s91 ! son ( p]dition4 ,organizations 9 ! *ur* or ov] ! *ur* to d ! "w t ,god has committ$ to individual ,*ri/ians & ! *ur*es are ! works ( ! man ( s94 ,conc]n+ false apo/les ,paul gave ?is w>n+3 ,= su* m5 are false apo/les1 deceitful work]s1 fa%ion+ !mselves into apo/les ( ,*ri/4 ,& no m>vel2 = ev5 ,satan fa%ione? himself into an angel ( light 7,,ii ,cor4 #aa3ab1 #ad74 ,x 0 no wond] t false prophets & apo/ate eld]s 7 trans=m+ !mselves into apo/les ( ,*ri/ :5 _! ma/] 0 sett+ !m ! example4 ,all :o s\ght to turn p f ,god's appo9tm5ts 7 m9i/]s ( ,satan1 ev5 ?\gh !y ?\ght !y 7 s]v+ ,god4 ,! end ( all su* %all correspond to _! works4 ,f ?is we le>n a ne$ful w>n+ 9 our day1 t a man call+ himself an apo/le1 or ! successor ( ! apo/les1 is no security t ,satan is n 8 prompt]4 ,no wond]1 !n1 ! apo/asy came soon & la/s long4 ,9 ! foll[+ ! apo/le aga9 pla9ly =etells ! apo/asy3 ,b ! ,_s expressly sai? t 9 latt] times "s %all fall away f ! fai?1 giv+ he$ to s$uc+ spirits & doctr9es ( demons1 ?r\gh ! hypocrisy ( m5 t speak lies 7,,ii ,tim4 #d3a1 #b74 ,e "o t tea*es t man c 9 any mann] set aside ! law & appo9tm5ts ( ,god1 or sub/itute man's devices = ! ord] ( ,god1 is a s$uc+ _s t turns man f ! tru?4 ,s$uc+ spirits c>ry on _! evil "w ?r\gh m5 :o speak lies 9 hypocrisy4 ,aga9 ! apo/le br+s up ! awful subject3 ,b "k ?is1 t 9 ! la/ days griev\s times %all come4 ,= m5 %all be lov]s ( self1 lov]s ( money1 boa/ful1 haughty1 rail]s1 disob$i5t to p>5ts1 un?ankful1 unholy1 )\t natural affection1 implacable1 sl&]\s1 )\t self-control1 fi]ce1 no lov]s ( good1 traitors1 head-/rong1 puff$ up1 lov]s ( pleasure r ?an lov]s ( ,god2 hold+ a =m ( godl9ess1 b hav+ d5i$ ! p[] !re(3 f ^! also turn away 7,,ii ,tim4 #c3a-e74 ,! condition "h depict$ 0 z c]ta9 z important4 ,timo?y 0 to h no d\bt ab\t x1 & he 0 to be cont9ually call+ x to m9d4 ,! m5 ( ! la/ times 7 to be lov]s ( self & av>ici\s4 ,m5 _h always be5 s 9 all ages2 b ! *>act]i/ic ( ! m5 9 "q 0 t !y 7 to be hold+ a =m ( godl9ess1 b d5y+ ! p[] !re(4 ,b ,paul is n ! only "o :o confirms ! pr$iction ( ! ,"l4 ,! :ole body ( ! apo/les are at "o on ?is po9t4 ,james says3 ,:5ce come w>s & :5ce comes fight+s among y8 come !y n h5ce1 ev5 ( y\r pleasures t w> 9 y\r memb]s8 ,ye lu/1 & h n2 ye kill1 & covet1 & c n obta93 ye fight & w>2 ye h n1 because ye ask n4 ,ye ask & receive n1 because ye ask amiss1 t ye may sp5d x on y\r pleasures 7,james #d3a-c74 ,! wolfi% "w _h already begun2 b x 0 little comp>$ ) :at 0 to foll[1 :5 ! pr\d1 money-lov+ prie/ w\ld f9d emp]ors & k+s to arm 9 8 qu>rel4 ,pet]1 too1 writes3 ,b !re arose false prophets among ! p1 z among y also !re %all be false tea*]s1 :o %all privily br+ 9 de/ructive h]esies1 d5y+ ev5 ! ,ma/] t b\ght !m1 br++ ^u !mselves swift de/ruction4 ,& _m %all foll[ _! lascivi\s do+s2 by reason ( :om ! way ( ! tru? %all be evil spok5 ( 7,,ii ,pet] #b3a1 #b74 ,jude also gives w>n+ aga9/ ! apo/ates pr$ict$ by ,*ri/1 & ,paul1 & ,pet]1 & d5\nc$ by ,james4 ,he says3 ,= !re are c]ta9 m5 crept 9 privily1 ev5 :o 7 ( old writt5 ( be=eh& unto ?is condemnation1 ungodly m51 turn+ ! grace ( ,god into lascivi\sness1 & d5y+ our only ,ma/]1 ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,jude #d74 ,! self-/yl$ vic> ( ,*ri/1 ) all 8 horde ( dignit>ies1 & all ! multitude ( corruptions 9 o!r sect>ian bodies1 are sure t ?is c h no ref]5ce to !m1 because !y h nev] d5i$ ,*ri/2 b on ! o!r h& h fill$ ! _w ) _! v>i\s cre$s & confessions ( fai?4 ,b x des]ves consid]ation1 :e!r works are n always m weighty ?an words4 ,"l1 ,"l1 is loa?some to him 9 ! m\?s ( ! work]s ( iniquity2 & ,paul expressly decl>es t "s pr(ess t !y "k ,god2 b by _! works !y d5y him1 be+ abom9able1 & disob$i5t1 & unto e good "w reprobate 7,titus #a3af74 ,com+ d[n to ,john1 ! la/ ( ! apo/les1 &1 9 po9t ( "t1 ne>e/ to ! apo/asy1 we read3 ,little *ildr51 x is ! la/ h\r2 & z ye he>d t anti*ri/ come?1 ev5 n[ h !re ris5 _m anti*ri/s2 :]eby we "k t x is ! la/ h\r4 ,!y w5t out f u1 b !y are n ( u2 = if !y _h be5 ( u1 !y w\ld h cont9u$ ) u2 b !y w5t out1 t !y might be made manife/ t !y are n ( u 7,i ,john #b3ah1 #ai74 ,^! anti*ri/s 7 n op5 enemies1 b wolves 9 ! g>b ( %eep4 ,!n we read3 ,belov$1 believe n e _s1 b prove ! spirits1 :e!r !y are ( ,god2 because _m false prophets are gone out into ! _w 7,i ,john #d3a74 ,n into ! _w z op5ly decl>+ _! dep>ture f ! fai?1 b z de/roy]s !re( by false doctr9e1 :ile pr(ess+ to be s]vants ( ,*ri/4 ,fur!r3 ,= _m deceiv]s are gone =? into ! _w1 ev5 !y t confess n t ,jesus ,*ri/ come? 9 ! fle%4 ,?is is ! deceiv] & ! anti*ri/4 ,!y w5t =? into ! _w pr(ess$ly z prea*]s ( ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/1 yet d5y+ 8 true "*4 ,aga93 ,i wrote some:at unto ! *ur*3 b ,diotrephes1 :o love? to h ! pre-em95ce among !m1 receive? u n4 ,!re=e1 if ,i come1 ,i w br+ to remembrance 8 works :i* he doe?1 prat+ aga9/ u ) wick$ words3 & n cont5t !re)1 nei!r do? he himself receive ! bre?r51 & !m t w\ld he =bidde? & ca/e? !m out ( ! *ur* 7,,iii ,john #i1aj74 ,?us ?is bloat$ wolf _h acquir$ su* p[] 9 ! *ur* z to exclude ^? :o held ! tru? z taught by ! apo/les4 ,9 ! la/ message t ,god ev] made to man1 he said3 ,to ! angel ( ! *ur* 9 ,ephesus write3 ,^! ?+s sai? he t holde? ! sev5 />s 9 8 "r h&1 he t walke? 9 ! mid/ ( sev5 gold5 c&le/icks3 ,i "k ?y works1 & ?y toil & pati5ce1 & t ?\ can/ n be> evil m51 & did/ try !m t call !mselves apo/les1 & !y are n1 & did/ n f9d !m false 7,rev4 #b3a1 #b74 ,?us x appe>s t :at ,paul in=m$ ! eld]s ( ! *ur* at ,ephesus he knew w\ld come to pass aft] 8 leav+ !m4 ,! wolves 9 t case claim$ to be ! accept$ apo/les ( ,*ri/1 b 7 f\nd li>s4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,fall+ ,,away ,! orig9 ( ! ,roman hi]>*ial sy/em is obscur$ 9 pi\s frauds2 b x is c]ta9 t x arose gradually4 ,z we h already le>n$1 ! apo/olic *ur*es _h a plurality ( eld]s or bi%ops4 ,at ! fir/ ! eld]s ( any p>ticul> congregation w\ld select "o ( _! numb] to preside at _! meet+s = ! transaction ( bus9ess1 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t he came to be kn[n z ,! ,bi%op4 ,little by little he came to feel 8 importance till he 0 exalt$ above 8 fell[ eld]s4 ,?is ! presbyt]s w\ld n conc$e4 ,divisions arose out ( ^! tr\bles1 & ! au?ority ( ! bi%ops1 closely unit$ among !mselves1 came victori\s ov] ! presbyt]s1 :o oppos$ !m s+leh&$4 ,! p[] & au?ority ( ^! bi%ops 7 regulat$ by ! prom95ce ( ! cities 9 :i* !y presid$4 ,z ,rome 0 ! *ief city ( ! _w at t "t1 ! bi%ops ( cities ( less importance reg>d$ x an honor to !mselves to conc$e to ! bi%op ( ,rome ! pre-em95ce 9 all ?+s2 & s he ext5d$ 8 au?ority f "t to "t1 till almo/ ! :ole _w b[$ to 8 au?ority4 ,! *anges :i* produc$ ?is condition are /rik+ly express$ by ,lyman ,coleman4 ,he says3 #a4 ,9 ! college ( equal & co-ord9ate presbyt]s1 "s "o w\ld naturally act z mod]ator or presid+ (fic]2 age1 tal5t1 influ5ce1 or ord9ation by ! apo/les1 might give "o an accid5tal sup]iority ov] 8 fell[s1 & appropriate to him ! /&+ (fice ( presid5t ( ! presbyt]y4 ,to ?is (fice ! title ( bi%op 0 assign$2 & ) ! (fice & ! title began to be associat$ ! au?ority ( a di/9ct ord]4 ,j]ome alleges t ! /&+ (fice & au?ority ( a bi%op 7 a necess>y exp$i5t to /ill ! crav+s & /rife = pref]m5t :i* by ! in/igation ( ,satan1 arose 9 process ( "t among ! presbyt]s4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! cause1 a di/9ction began to be made1 9 ! c\rse ( ! second c5tury1 betwe5 bi%ops & presbyt]s1 :i* f9ally result$1 9 ! c5tury foll[+1 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! episcopal pr]ogatives4 #b4 ,)\t ref]5ce to ! causes :i* occasion$ ! di/9ction betwe5 ! cl]gy & ! laity1 ?is is wor?y ( notice z ano!r important *ange 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* gradually arose 9 connection ) ! rise ( episcopal p[]4 ,9 opposition to ! idea ( univ]sal prie/hood1 ! p n[ became a di/9ct & inf]ior ord]4 ,!y & ! cl]gy beg9 to feel ! =ce ( conflict+ int]e/s & claims1 ! di/9ction wid5s fa/1 & influ5ce1 au?ority & p[] c5tralize 9 ! bi%op1 ! head ( ! cl]ical ord]4 #c4 ,! cl]gy claim = !mselves ! pr]ogatives1 relations & au?ority ( ! ,jewi% prie/hood4 ,su* claims1 advanc$ 9 ! ?ird c5tury by ,cyprian1 7 a great dep>ture f ! orig9al _s & model ( ! ,*ur* d]iv$ f ,*ri/ & ! apo/les4 ,x 0 fall+ back f ! ,new to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & sub/itut+ ! outw>d = ! inw>d _s4 ,x pres5t$ ! prie/hood aga9 z a m$iat+ (fice betwe5 man & 8 ,god4 ,x s\ght to inve/ ! propitiat+ prie/ ) awful sanctity1 z ! appo9t$ m$ium by :i* grace is imp>t$ to man4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( episcopal ord9ation1 ! apo/olical succession1 & ! grace ( ! ord9ances adm9i/]$ by consecrat$ h&s4 ,! cl]gy1 by ?is assumption1 7 made indep5d5t ( ! p2 _! commission & (fice 7 f ,god2 &1 z a ,mosaic prie/hood1 !y soon began to claim an indep5d5t sov]eignty ov] ! laity4 ,god makes ! prie/s 0 ! d>l+ maxim ( ,cyprian1 p]petually recurr+ 9 id5tical & v>i$ phraseology4 ,no *ange1 p]haps1 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! *ang+ =ms ( *ur* gov]nm5t c be specifi$ m de/ructive to ! primitive con/itution ( ! ,*ur*1 or m disa/r\s to its spiritual int]e/s4 ,?is entire p]v]sion ( ! orig9al view ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 says ,ne&]1 0 itself ! orig9 ( ! :ole sy/em ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion--! g]m f :i* sprang ! pop]y ( ! ,d>k ,ages4 #d4 ,few & simple 7 ! (fices in/itut$ 9 ! ,*ur* by ! apo/les2 b aft] ! rise ( episcopacy1 ecclesia/ical (fices 7 multipli$ ) great rapidity4 ,!y arose1 z may appe> 9 ! progress ( ?is "w1 f diff]5t causes & at diff]5t times2 _m 7 ! necess>y results ( *anges 9 ! ,*ur* & 9 society2 b1 g5]ally1 !y w be f\nd to h1 z _! ultimate effect & end1 ! aggr&izem5t ( ! episcopate4 ,!y are an integral1 if n an ess5tial1 "p ( ! c]emonial1 ! pomp & p[] ( an outw>d religion1 t c>nal p]v]sion ( ! true idea ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & ! legitimate consequ5ce ( beg9n+ 9 ! _s & seek+ to be made p]fect 9 ! fle%4 7,anci5t ,*ri/ianity ,exemplifi$1 pages #ig-ii47 ,?is te/imony is confirm$ by ,ne&]1 :o says3 ,! *anges :i* ! con/itution ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* und]w5t dur+ ?is p]iod relat$ especially to ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3 7#a7 ,! di/9ction ( bi%ops f presbyt]s1 & ! gradual developm5t ( ! mon>*ico-episcopal *ur* gov]nm5t2 7#b7 ,! di/9ction ( ! cl]gy f ! laity1 & ! =mation ( a sac]dotal ca/e1 z oppos$ to ! evangelical idea ( ! prie/hood2 7#c7 ,! multiplication ( *ur* (fices4 7,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,i1 page #bei47 ,s9ce x has be5 %[n t episcopacy 0 ! outgr[? ( a wick$ ambition = lead]%ip & p[] t culm9at$ 9 ! papacy1 ,i deem x important to give ample pro(1 s9ce x is yet v popul> 9 _m ( ! d5om9ations ( ?is day4 ,i n[ invite att5tion to ! te/imony ( ,mo%eim4 ,he says3 #a4 ,! =m ( *ur* gov]nm5t :i* began to exi/ 9 ! prec$+ c5tury 0 9 ?is c5tury m indu/ri\sly e/abli%$ & confirm$ 9 all its p>ts4 ,"o presid5t1 or bi%op1 presid$ ov] ea* *ur*4 ,he 0 creat$ by ! common suffrage ( ! :ole p4 ,) presbyt]s = 8 c\ncil1 ^: numb] 0 n fix$1 x 0 8 bus9ess to wat* ov] ! int]e/ ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 & to assign to ea* presbyt] 8 /ation4 ,subject to ! bi%op & also to ! presbyt]s 7 ! s]vants or deacons1 :o 7 divid$ into c]ta9 classes1 because all ! duties :i* ! int]e/s ( ! ,*ur* requir$ c\ld n well be att5d$ to by !m all4 #b4 ,dur+ a great portion ( ?is c5tury second all ! *ur*es cont9u$ to be1 z at fir/1 indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 or 7 connect$ by no consociations or conf$]ations4 ,ea* *ur* 0 a k9d ( small1 indep5d5t republic1 gov]n+ itself by its own laws1 enact$ or at lea/ sanction$ by ! p4 ,b 9 ! process ( "t x became cu/om>y = all ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es )9 ! same prov9ce to unite & =m a sort ( l>g] society or commonweal?2 & 9 ! mann] ( conf$]at$ republics1 to hold _! conv5tions at /at$ times1 & !re delib]ate = ! common advantage ( ! :ole conf$]ation4 ,?is cu/om fir/ arose among ! ,greeks1 ) :om a political conf$]ation ( cities1 & ! consequ5t conv5tion ( _! sev]al delegates1 _h be5 long kn[n2 b aft]w>d1 ! utility ( ! ?+ be+ se51 ! cu/om ext5d$ ?r\gh all ! c\ntries :]e !re 7 ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,su* conv5tions ( delegates f sev]al *ur*es assembl$ = delib]ation 7 call$ by ! ,greeks synods & by ! ,lat9s c\ncils2 & ! laws agre$ ^u 9 !m 7 call$ canons1 t is1 rules4 #c4 ,^! c\ncils--( :i* no ve/ige appe>s be=e ! middle ( ?is c5tury--*ang$ ne>ly ! :ole =m ( ! ,*ur*4 ,= by !m1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! anci5t rights & privileges ( ! p 7 v mu* abridg$2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! influ5ce & ! au?ority ( ! bi%ops 7 n a little augm5t$4 ,at fir/ ! bi%ops did n d5y t !y 7 m]ely ! repres5tatives ( _! *ur*es1 & t !y act$ 9 ! "n ( ! p2 b little by little !y made high pret5sions1 & ma9ta9$ t p[] 0 giv5 !m by ,*ri/ himself to dictate rules ( fai? & conduct to ! p4 ,9 ! next place1 ! p]fect equality & p>ity ( all bi%ops1 :i* exi/$ 9 ! e>ly times1 ^! c\ncils gradually subv]t$4 ,= x 0 necess>y t "o ( ! conf$]at$ bi%ops ( a prov9ce %\ld 9 ^? conv5tions be intru/$ ) "s au?ority & p[] ov] ! o!rs2 & h5ce orig9at$ ! pr]ogatives ( metropolitans4 ,& la/ly1 :5 ! cu/om ( hold+ ^! c\ncils _h ext5d$ ov] ! ,*ri/ian _w & ! univ]sal ,*ur* _h acquir$ ! =m ( a va/ republic compos$ ( _m less] ones1 c]ta9 head m5 7 to be plac$ ov] x 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w z c5tral po9ts 9 _! respective c\ntries4 ,h5ce came ! ,patri>*s1 & ultimately ! ,pr9ce ( ,patri>*s1 ! ,roman ,pontiff4 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,i1 pages #aaf1 #aag47 ,conc]n+ ?is1 ,i note ! foll[+ facts3 #a4 ,t 9 ! second c5tury !y digress$ s f> f apo/olic practice z to h "o bi%op ov] ea* *ur*1 & t he _h 8 eld]s "u 8 control4 ,he 0 ! pa/or ( t *ur*4 #b4 ,t !re 0 a conf$]ation ( *ur*es into c\ncils4 #c4 ,^! c\ncils began to be held ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5tury1 & result$ 9 augm5t+ ! p[] ( ! bi%ops & dim9i%+ ! privileges ( ! p4 ,?is p[] on ! "p ( ! cl]gy 0 n assum$ all at once1 b gradually assum$ z ! p w\ld be> x4 ,^! c\ncils soon began to enact laws1 & claim$ au?ority f ,*ri/ to ?us dictate to ! p4 #d4 ,t :5 ! cu/om ( hold+ ^! c\ncils _h ext5d$ ov] ! ,*ri/ian _w1 & ! ,*ur* _h acquir$ ! =m ( a va/ republic compos$ ( _m less] ones1 c]ta9 head m5 7 plac$ ov] x 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w2 h5ce came ! patri>*s1 & ultimately a pr9ce ( patri>*s1 ! ,roman pontiff4 ,= c5turies ! /ruggle betwe5 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome & ! ,/ate rag$ furi\sly1 s t :5 we rea* ! age ( ,hildebr& 7,a4,d4 #ajgc-ajhe7 we f9d plots & c\nt]plots ! ord] ( ! day4 ,x 0 ! height ( 8 ambition to subord9ate ! ,/ate to ! ,*ur*1 & subject ! ,*ur* to ! absolute au?ority ( ! ,pope4 ,! c\rse pursu$ by ,hildebr& & by aspir+ pontiffs :o succe$$ him result$ 9 an op5 conflict betwe5 ! papacy & ! empire4 ,9 ! p]si/5t conte/ :i* foll[$ ! papacy ga9$ a decid$ advantage4 ,t ! emp]or 0 commission$ to preside ov] ! temporal affairs ( m51 :ile x 0 left = ! pope to guide & gov]n !m 9 spiritual ?+s1 0 a rule too vague = def9+ ! limits ( spiritual & temporal jurisdiction4 ,! co-ord9ation1 ! equilibrium ( ! two p[]s 0 a relation ) :i* nei!r p>ty w\ld be cont5t4 ,x 0 a /ruggle on bo? sides = univ]sal mon>*y4 ,! popes1 by /rategy & %rewd diplomacy1 ga9$ complete supremacy ov] ,we/]n ,europe1 & = _m ye>s ! pope 0 ev]y:]e ackn[l$g$ head ( ! ,lat9 ,*ur*4 ,x 0 dur+ ! progress ( ! /ruggle ) ! empire1 says ,pr(essor ,fi%]1 t ! papal p[] may be said to h culm9at$4 ,9 ! eighte5 ye>s 7#aaih-abaf7 9 :i* ,innoc5t ,,iii reign$ ! papal in/itution %one =? 9 full spl5dor4 ,! en=cem5t ( celibacy _h plac$ ! entire body ( ! cl]gy 9 clos] relation to ! sov]eign pontiff4 ,! vic> ( ,pet] _h become ! vic> ( ,god & ( ,*ri/4 ,! idea ( a !ocracy on e>?1 9 :i* ! pope %\ld rule 9 ?is "*1 fully possess$ ! m9d ( ,innoc5t1 :o unit$ to ! c\rage1 p]t9acity & l(ty conceptions ( ,gregory ,,vii a broad] range ( /atesmanlike capacity4 ,9 8 view ! two swords ( temporal & ecclesia/ical p[] _h bo? be5 giv5 to ,pet] & to 8 successors1 s t ! e>?ly sov]eign d]iv$ 8 pr]ogative f ! head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! k+ 0 to ! pope z ! moon to ! sun2 a l[] lum9>y %9+ ) borr[$ light4 ,act+ on ?is !ory1 he assum$ ! po/ ( arbit] 9 ! cont5tion ( nations1 & claim$ ! "r to de?rone k+s at 8 pleasure4 ,9 ! ,*ur* he assum$ ! "* ( univ]sal bi%op1 "u ! !ory t all episcopal p[] 0 orig9ally deposit$ 9 ,pet] & 8 successors1 & communicat$ ?r\gh ?is s\rce to bi%ops1 :o 7 ?us only ! vic>s ( ! pope1 & might be depos$ at w4 ,be+ ?us lift$ up1 he said3 ,jesus ,*ri/ wills t ! k+dom %\ld be prie/ly1 & ! prie/hood k+ly4 ,ov] all he has set me z 8 vic> ^u e>?1 s t z be=e ,jesus 'e knee %all b[1' 9 l mann] to 8 vic> all %all be ob$i5t1 & !re %all be "o fold & "o %eph]d4 ,moreov]1 he appli$ to himself ! words ( ,jesus1 ,all au?ority ha? be5 giv5 unto me 9 heav5 & on e>?4 ,& aga91 we he> "o ( !m say3 ,= e human creature x is a condition ( salvation to submit to ! ,roman pontiff4 ,n only did !y ass]t ! necessity ( ob$i5ce to ! pope1 b !y actually claim$ ! p[] to =give s9s & to be/[ et]nal life4 ,?is is a /rik+ fulfillm5t ( :at ,paul said to ! ,!ssalonians3 ,he oppose? & exalte? himself aga9/ all t is call$ ,god or t is wor%ip$2 s t he sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god1 sett+ himself =? z ,god 7,,ii ,!ss4 #b3d74 ,! corruption ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur* naturally l$ to ! corruption ( ev]y?+ connect$ ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,a dep>ture f ! div9e gov]nm5t 9 "o ?+ op5s ! way = o!r dep>tures4 ,su* a c\rse w soon cause m5 to lose sight ( ! ,"l's directions & cause !m to foll[ ! doctr9es & comm&m5ts ( m54 ,prom95t among ! e>ly dep>tures f ! div9e ord] 0 ! sub/itution ( infant baptism = t ( believ]s4 ,?is practice orig9at$ 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 & grew out ( ! doctr9e ( orig9al s94 ,x 0 cont5d$ t baptism 0 reg5]ation 9 ! s5se ( wa%+ away orig9al s92 t infants 7 deprav$ by orig9al s91 & c\ld n be sav$ )\t ?is wa%+ away ( t s91 & !re=e !y baptiz$ infants t !y might be sav$4 ,on ?is po9t ,ne&] te/ifies3 ,b :5 n[1 on ! "o h&1 ! doctr9e ( corruption & guilt1 cleav+ to human nature 9 consequ5ce ( ! fir/ transgression1 0 r$uc$ to a m precise & sy/ematic =m1 &1 on ! o!r f duly di/+ui%+ betwe5 :at is outw>d & :at inw>d 9 baptism 7! baptism by wat] & ! baptism by ! ,_s71 ! error became m firmly e/abli%$ t )\t ext]nal baptism no "o c\ld be deliv]$ f t inh]5t guilt1 or c\ld be sav$ f ! ev]la/+ puni%m5t t ?reat5$ him1 or rais$ to et]nal life2 & :5 ! notion ( a magical influ5ce1 a *>m connect$ ) ! sacram5ts1 cont9ually ga9$ gr\nd1 ! !ory 0 f9ally evolv$ ( ! unconditional necessity ( infant baptism4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury ?is !ory 0 already g5]ally admitt$ 9 ! ,nor? ,african ,*ur*4 7,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,i1 pages #dbf1 #dbg47 ,to ! same import is ! te/imony ( ,dr4 ,philip ,s*aff4 ,he says3 ,! practice ( infant baptism 9 ! *ur*1 ) ! cu/om>y =mula1 = ! remission ( s9s1 & su* accompany+ c]emonies z exorcism1 presupposes ! dom9ion ( s9 & ( demoniacal p[]s ev5 9 infancy4 ,s9ce ! *ild1 be=e ! awak5+ ( self-consci\sness1 has committ$ no actual s91 ! effect ( baptism mu/ relate to ! =giv5ess ( orig9al s9 & guilt4 ,?is 0 a v important po9t f ! beg9n+ ( ! controv]sy1 & "o to :i* ,augu/9e frequ5tly rev]t$4444 ,con/ra9$ by ! idea ( orig9al s91 & by ! suppos$ necessity ( baptism to salvation1 he does n %r9k f consign+ unbaptiz$ *ildr5 to damnation itself4444 ,! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! necessity ( outw>d baptism to reg5]ation & entrance into ! k+dom ( ,god1 =bade him a m lib]al view respect+ ! endless de/9y ( t half ( ! human race :i* die 9 *ildhood4 7,hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 pages #hce1 #hcf47 ,! dep>ture f ! practice ( imm]sion1 ! orig9al act p]=m$ 9 baptism1 to affusion1 0 l>gely due to ! idea ( ! magical effect ( wat] to cleanse ! pollut$ s\ls ( m54 ,x 0 believ$ to conta9 ! :ole =giv+ p[] ( ,fa!r1 ,son & ,holy ,_s4 ,on ?is acc\nt _m put (f baptism till dea? ?reat5$ !m1 t _! iniquities might be remov$ z ! ,k+ ( t]rors c>ri$ !m into ! l& ( spirits4 ,! fir/ case ( ! k9d on record is t ( ,novatian 7,a4 ,d4 #bea71 :o 0 baptiz$ by affusion 9 ! b$ z he lay4 ,at fir/ ?is practice caus$ a s*ism 9 ! ,*ur*1 b 9 ! c\rse ( "t t :i* 0 ! exception became ! rule4 ,on ?is radical *ange f apo/olic practice ! le>n$ ,roman ,ca?olic bi%op1 ,k>l ,joseph ,hefele1 says3 ,! ,*ur* has always be5 t5d] t[>d ! sick2 %e has ha/5$ to conf] baptism ^u !m1 because x is necess>y to salvation2 & = t reason %e introduc$ cl9ical baptism4 7,hi/ory ( ,*ur* ,c\ncils1 page #aec47 ,!re 7 no s]i\s controv]sies ab\t ! ,"l's ,supp] until ! e>ly "p ( ! n9? c5tury1 :5 "o ,pas*asius ,radb]t1 a monk ( great acut5ess ( m9d1 wrote a book 9 :i* he promulgat$ ! doctr9e ( transub/antiation4 ,9 ?is book he took ! position t ! w9e 9 ! ,"l's ,supp] is ! v blood t ran out ( ! ,savi\r's side ^u ! cross1 & = t reason wat] is m+l$ ) ! eu*>i/ical w9e2 & ! bread is ! v fle% ( our ,savi\r :i* 0 born ( ! ,virg94 ,at fir/ ! doctr9e 0 repugnant to ! cultivat$1 b x 0 broa*$ 9 a rude age1 & ! monks favor$ x2 ! mat]iali/ic "* ( ,european ?\ght assi/$ x1 & gradually x _h a ho/ ( fri5ds & 0 prep>$ to fr[n d[n all opposition4 ,! controv]sy1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ ) fury till ,a4 ,d4 #abae1 :5 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii assembl$ a c\ncil 9 ,rome1 9 ! ,lat]an ,*ur*1 consi/+ ( #dab bi%ops1 9 ^: he>+ he read sev5ty canons :i* he _h drawn up2 among ^! 0 ! fam\s canon :i* gave transub/antiation a legal place 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! important "p ( ! canon is3 ,!re is "o univ]sal *ur* ( ! fai?ful1 out ( :i* no "o at all is sav$2 & 9 :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ himself is at once prie/ & sacrifice2 ^: body & blood1 9 ! sacram5t ( ! alt>1 are truly con/ra9$ "u ! species ( bread & w9e1 :i*1 ?r\gh ! div9e p[]1 are transub/antiat$1 ! bread into ! body1 & ! w9e into ! blood2 t = ! fulfillm5t ( ! my/]y ( unity1 we may receive ( t :i* he receiv$ ( ours4 ,ano!r /ep 0 tak5 ab\t #cej ye>s lat]1 :5 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t decl>$ ! ho/ an aton+ sacrifice3 ,&1 s9ce 9 ! div9e sacrifice :i* is p]=m$ 9 ! mass1 ! same ,*ri/ is conta9$ & (f]$ 9 an unbloody mann]1 :o1 on ! alt> ( ! cross1 (f]$ himself1 ) blood1 once = all2 ! holy synod tea*es t t sacrifice is1 & becomes ( itself1 truly propitiatory1 s t if1 ) a true he>t & a "r fai?1 ) fe> & rev]5ce1 we approa* to ,god1 contrite & p5it5t1 we may obta9 m]cy & f9d grace to help 9 "t ( ne$4 ,! ,"l1 =soo?1 be+ appeas$ by ! (f]+ ( ?is1 & grant+ grace & ! gift ( rep5tance1 remit crimes & s9s1 ev5 great ones2 = x is "o & ! same ho/1 ! same p]son n[ (f]+ by ! m9i/ry ( ! prie/s1 :o :5 (f]$ himself ^u ! cross1 only 9 a diff]5t mann] ( (f]+2 & by ?is unbloody sacrifice1 ! fruit ( t bloody "o are abundantly receiv$2 only f> be x t any di%onor %\ld be done to t by ?is4 ,:]e=e accord+ to ! tradition ( ! apo/les1 (f]+ is duly made1 n only = ! s9s1 pa9s1 & satisfactions1 & o!r necessities ( ! fai?ful :o are alive1 b also = ! dead 9 ,*ri/1 :o are n yet :olly cleans$4 ,?is same c\ncil fur!r decl>$3 ,if any "o %all d5y t 9 ! sacram5t ( ! mo/ holy eu*>i/1 !re is conta9$ really1 truly1 & sub/antially1 ! body & ! blood toge!r ) ! s\l & div9ity1 ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & s :ole ,*ri/1 b %all say he is only 9 x 9 sign1 or figure1 or p[]1 let him be accurs$4 ,n cont5t ) ?is x decl>es t3 ,if any "o %all say t 9 ! holy sacram5t ( ! eu*>i/1 !re rema9s ! sub/ance ( ! bread & w9e1 toge!r ) ! body & blood ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & %all d5y t wond]ful & rem>kable conv]sion ( ! :ole sub/ance ( ! bread into ! body1 & ( ! :ole sub/ance ( ! w9e into ! blood1 :ile only ! appe>ance ( bread & w9e rema91 :i* conv]sion ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* mo/ appropriately names transub/antiation2 let him be accurs$4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,trid5t9e says !re is a :ole ,*ri/ 9 e p>ticle ( ! ,mass3 ,if any "o %all d5y t ,*ri/ entire is conta9$ 9 ! v5]able sacram5t ( ! eu*>i/1 "u ea* species1 &1 :5 !y are divid$1 "u e p>ticle ( ea* k9d2 let him be accurs$4 ,! climax ( blasphemy is rea*$ :5 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t ass]ts3 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no reason to d\bt b t all ,*ri/'s fai?ful p1 9 _! v5]ation1 %\ld r5d] ?is mo/ holy sacram5t ! same wor%ip :i* is due to ! true ,god1 accord+ to ! cu/om :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has always receiv$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,confessional ,z ! mass is ! aggregate ( ! ,romi% doctr9e1 ! confessional is ! *ief ( ! papal sy/em4 ,by x ! decrees ( ! infallible ,*ur* are appli$ & c>ri$ out ) unequal$ measure ( m9ut5ess & rigor4 ,t ! ,new ,te/am5t requires ! confession ( s9 is n d5i$2 b su* a ?+ z secret confession 9 ! e> ( a prie/1 to secure 8 absolution1 0 entirely unkn[n 9 ! e>ly *ur*es4 ,ev5 9 ,rome x 0 n till ab\t ! ye> #cij t !re 0 a place appo9t$ = ! reception ( p5it5ts1 :5 !y /ood m\rn+ dur+ ! public s]vice1 f :i* !y 7 exclud$4 ,!y ca/ !mselves ^u ! gr\nd ) groans & lam5tations2 ! bi%op :o conduct$ ! c]emony pro/rat$ himself & wept2 flood$ ) fe>s ! p groan$ al\d2 !n ! bi%op arose f 8 humble position & summon$ up ! p1 &1 aft] pray+ = ! p1 he dismiss$ !m4 ,?is cu/om1 ) slight *anges1 0 univ]sal4 ,= "s s9s m5 7 requir$ to d p5ance dur+ ! :ole ( _! lives1 & absolution 0 only grant$ !m 9 dea?2 b ! common c\rse ( p5ance consign$ m5 = t51 fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s to its v>i\s humiliat+ /ages4 ,aft] ! long1 di/ress+ p5ance 0 complet$1 ! c&idate = re/oration knelt d[n betwe5 ! knees ( ! bi%op1 or1 9 8 abs5ce1 betwe5 ^? ( ! presbyt]1 :o1 lay+ 8 h& ^u 8 head1 solemnly bless$ & absolv$ him4 ,! p receiv$ him ) transports ( joy1 z "o escap$ f ! coils ( ! old s]p5t4 ,!y 7 !n receiv$ into communion ) ! imposition ( h&s1 & ! pray] ( ! :ole *ur* = !m4 ,! =m ( _! pray] 03 ,o ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 t take/ away ! s9 ( ! _w1 remit1 blot out & p>don _! s9s1 bo? volunt>y & involunt>y1 :atev] !y h done by transgression & disob$i5ce4 ,& :]e9soev] ?y s]vants h err$ f ?y comm&m5ts1 9 ^w or de$1 or :atev] curse or peculi> ana!ma !y h fall5 "u1 we pray & besee* ?9e ineffable goodness to absolve !m ) ?y ^w1 & remit _! curse & ana!ma1 accord+ to ?y m]cy4 ,o ,"l & ,ma/]1 he> our pray] = ?y s]vants & deliv] !m f et]nal puni%m5t4 ,b+ham in=ms u t ! =m1 ,i absolve y1 0 n kn[n 9 ! practice till ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,?omas ,aqu9as 0 "o ( ! fir/ m5 to write 9 def5se ( x4 ,9 8 day ! expression excit$ mu* opposition4 ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii1 ambiti\s to e/abli% a numb] ( sup]/itions1 call$ ! f\r? ,c\ncil ( ! ,lat]an1 ,a4 ,d4 #abae1 :i* decl>$ t ! *ur* has always und]/ood t an entire confession ( s9s 0 always appo9t$ by ! ,"l1 & t x is ( div9e requirem5t necess>y to all :o h laps$ aft] baptism4 ,because our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :5 ab\t to asc5d f e>? to heav51 left 8 prie/s1 8 vic>s1 to be1 z x 71 ! presid5ts & judges1 to :om all mortal s9s into :i* ,*ri/'s fai?ful p %\ld fall %\ld be br\ght1 9 ord] t1 by ! p[] ( ! keys1 !y might pron\nce s5t5ce ( remission or ret5tion4 ,= x is pla9 t ! prie/ c n ex]cise ?is judgm5t )\t k ( ! cause1 nor c !y obs]ve equity 9 enjo9+ p5alties if m5 decl>e _! s9s only g5]ally1 & n p>ticul>ly & sep>ately4 ,f ?is x is inf]r$ t x is "r t ! p5it5t %\ld rec\nt 9 confession all ! deadly s9s ( :i*1 ^u exam9ation1 _! consci5ce accuses !m1 ev5 ?\gh !y be ! mo/ secret1 & only aga9/ ! la/ two comm&m5ts1 :i* n unfrequ5tly griev\sly w\nds ! s\l & are m dang]\s ?an ^? :i* are op5ly practic$4 ,?is inve/s ! prie/hood ) ! pr]ogative ( ,god himself1 :o is ! se>*] & disc]n] ( ! ?\ghts & int5ts ( ! he>t4 ,to ?is dem& all ! memb]s ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :e!r old or "y1 are requir$ to b[1 z is %[n by ! tw5ty-fir/ canon ( ! ,lat]an ,c\ncil1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,e "o ( ! fai?ful ( bo? sexes1 aft] he %all h rea*$ ! ye>s ( discretion1 %all1 by himself alone1 fai?fully confess all 8 s9s1 at lea/ once a ye>1 to 8 own prie/1 & /rive to p]=m accord+ to 8 ability ! p5ance impos$ ^u him1 rev]5tly p>tak+ ( ! sacram5t ( ! eu*>i/1 at lea/ at ,ea/]2 unless p]haps1 by ! advice ( 8 prie/1 = "s reasonable cause1 he %\ld judge t = a "t he %\ld ab/a9 f p>tak+ ( x2 o!rwise1 let ! liv+ be h9d]$ f ent]+ ! *ur*1 & let ! dead be depriv$ ( ,*ri/ian burial4 ,on ?is acc\nt ?is salut>y /atute %all be frequ5tly publi%$ 9 ! *ur*es t no "o may pret5d z an excuse ! bl9dness ( ignorance4 ,b if any "o %\ld wi% to confess 8 s9s to a =eign prie/1 = prop] reasons1 he mu/ fir/ ask & obta9 a lic5se f 8 own prie/1 s9ce o!rwise he w\ld n be able to b9d or loose him4 ,! confessional z x exi/s today is *iefly ! "w ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 & ^? :o liv$ 9 ! age imm$iately aft]4 ,9 ord] to /rike t]ror to ! he>ts ( all :o might refuse to acc$e to ! dem&s ( ! prie/hood1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t publi%$ a numb] ( canons on p5ance1 pron\nc+ ! mo/ awful curses on ^? :o refus$ ob$i5ce4 ,i h n space to give ! canons1 b !y tea* t ! =m ( ! sacram5t ( p5ance 9 :i* its =ce especially lies is plac$ 9 ! words1 ,i absolve !e1 & t ?is absolution is n 9 words m]ely1 b t ! m9i/]s ( ,god truly absolve4 ,! prie/ is decl>$ to repres5t ,*ri/ 9 ! confessional1 & !re=e is inve/$ ) div9e attributes & p[]s4 ,! language us$ is3 ,moreov]1 9 ! prie/ :o sits a legitimate judge ov] him1 he %\ld v5]ate ! p]son & p[] ( ,*ri/ ! ,"l2 = 9 adm9i/]+ ! sacram5t ( p5ance1 z 9 ! o!r sacram5ts1 ! prie/ dis*>ges ! (fice ( ,*ri/4 ,!y fur!r tea* t ! confession ( s9s to a prie/ is necess>y to salvation2 & t e mortal s91 ev5 ! mo/ secret & infam\s1 mu/ be confess$ to a prie/1 o!rwise !re c be no p>don f ,god4 ,?us we see t !y make ! prie/ ! judge ( ! s\l1 & t 9 ! confessional he sits in/ead ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & t he c keep ! s9s ( any man b\nd ^u him1 or loose !m1 accord+ to 8 discretion4 ,9 ! confessional ! p5it5t kneels beside ! prie/1 makes ! sign ( ! cross1 say+3 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,am54 ,!n ) h] lips ne> ! *eek ( ! prie/ %e asks ! prie/'s bless+ 9 ^! words3 ,pray1 fa!r1 give me y\r bless+4 ,i h s9n$1 aft] :i* ! p5it5t repeats3 ,i confess to ,almighty ,god1 to bless$ ,m>y1 ev] ,virg91 to bless$ ,mi*ael1 ! ar*angel1 to bless$ ,john ! ,bapti/1 to ! holy ,apo/les1 ,pet] & ,paul1 & to y1 fa!r1 t ,i h s9n$ exce$+ly1 9 ?\ght1 ^w & de$1 ?r\gh my fault1 ?r\gh my fault1 ?r\gh my mo/ griev\s fault6 ,_m ( ! que/ions ( ! confessional are too horrible to quote4 ,7 ,i to d s ,i w\ld lay myself liable to prosecution by ! ,gov]nm5t au?orities4 ,b e "q put by ! prie/ mu/ be answ]$ by ! p5it5t on ! p]il ( damnation2 he sits in/ead ( ,*ri/1 ! p5it5t is confess+ to ,god1 ! voice ( ! prie/ is ,immanuel's2 x is ! ,almighty t is address+ ! trembl+ p5it5t4 ,& = ?is reason ! prie/ he>s ev]y?+1 h[ev] %ock+1 %ameful1 frightful2 ev]y?+ 9 ?\ghts1 feel+s1 words1 looks & de$s4 ,t ! mode/y ( wom5 %\ld be plac$ on ! rack 9 ! confessional by a ba*elor prie/1 full ( curiosity z well z sanctity1 & torn & lac]at$1 "u ! awful sanctions ( ! ,almighty1 is inde$ a dreadful ?\ght4 ,! confessional is ! mo/ odi\s espionage ev] inv5t$ by cunn+ despots4 ,x is ! mo/ flagiti\s outrage ^u ! rights ( husb&s & wives1 p>5ts & *ildr51 ! s9n+ & ! s9n$ aga9/1 t ev] %ock$ mode/y or gr\nd trembl+ he>ts "u its fatal heel4 ,x is /rongly believ$ to be ! greate/ incitem5t to vice t a holy ,god ev] p]mitt$2 frightful examples ( :i* are on record4 ,x turns prie/s into odi\s receptacles = ! accumulat$ /5* & na/9ess ( all ! f\l corruptions ( ?\s&s1 mak+ !m ! sons ( ! ,man ( ,s91 ready be>]s ( ! iniquities ( :ole communities4 ,yes1 x is a )]+ curse1 a cruel tyranny1 )\t "o r$eem+ quality1 :i* ! ,"l ,jesus %all slay ) ! brea? ( 8 m\?1 & br+ to n\ght by ! manife/ation ( 8 com+4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,indulg5ces ,9 ord] to make ! absolution effective1 ! sacram5t ( confession comprises p5ances by :i* ! wrongs done are paid4 ,orig9ally ! am\nt ( satisfaction 0 measur$ by ! "t alone dur+ :i* ! /ate ( p5ance %\ld la/4 ,z we h already se51 ?is situation inflict$ ! greate/ disgrace1 & caus$ ! greate/ di/ress ( m9d4 ,b gradually a *ange 0 wr\ght1 & p5it5ts :o %[$ und\bt$ sorr[ 7 reliev$ ( _! p5ance e>li] ?an ! old usage dem&$4 ,?is abridgem5t ( ! long s5t5ce 0 call$ an indulg5ce1 & 0 really ! beg9n+ ( t sy/em :i* rea*$ its infam\s maturity "u ,leo ,x & 9 ! prea*+ ( ! wick$ ,tetzel4 ,9 t age no "o knew any?+ ( purgatory or ! treasury ( m]its acquir$ by ! sa9ts1 & dispos$ by ! ,pope2 or ev5 ( ! supreme bi%op at ,rome1 ) au?ority ov] all ! *ur*es & cl]gy ev]y:]e4 ,at fir/ indulg5ces 7 limit$ exclusively to *ur* p5ances1 b 9 process ( "t !y embrac$ all ! tempor>y puni%m5ts due ! s\l on e>? & 9 purgatory4 ,*ri/1 x 0 said1 _h endur$ & remov$ ! et]nal p5alties ( s92 b ! suff]+s %ort ( ev]la/+ cont9uance mu/ be borne 9 purgatory1 pilgrimages1 or be remov$ by indulg5ce4 ,! e>?ly suff]+s c\ld be endur+ by deputy--any am\nt ( fa/+1 flagellation or pilgrimage "w c\ld be dis*>g$ by sub/itute--& ?rongs ( monks 9 "t ( papal d>kness 7 competitors = ! repulsive s]vice4 ,x 0 argu$ t :5 a man p]=ms 8 allott$ task = ! day he des]ves additional rew>d or cr$it = any fur!r s]vices he may r5d]4 ,su* labors are beyond :at 8 agreem5t dem&s2 !y are works ( sup]]ogation4 ,s :5 a ,*ri/ian lead+ a blameless life is p]secut$ & kill$1 z 8 s9s did n draw 8 suff]+s1 ^! pa9s 7 m]itori\s1 !y 7 high] ?an a man's des]ts--^! 7 works ( sup]]ogation4 ,x 0 claim$ t millions ( sa9ts 9 heav5 _h left a legacy ( su* m]its to ! ,*ur*1 & t 9 x %e _h a treasury ( good de$s ( imm5se value1 incapable ( exhau/ion1 no matt] h[ _m drafts1 ?r\gh indulg5ces1 ! ,holy ,"m might make ^u x4 ,sometimes x 0 said t "o drop ( ! ,savi\r's blood 0 suffici5t = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w1 & t all ! re/ w5t into ! treasury1 :i* ! ,*ur* might give to s\ls 9 purgatory1 or ri* m5 on e>? :o _h money to buy x1 or to m5 n s weal?y :o _h "s means4 ,?is 0 ! paid-up capital ( ! bank ( indulg5ces4 ,! doctr9e & practice ( indulg5ce con/itute ! v c5t] ( ! hi]>*ial sy/em4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! disposal ( indulg5ces became a common traffic1 & public sale ( !m 0 g5]ally prec$$ by "s speci\s pretext4 ,(t5 ! pret5ses = sell+ !m 7 9 reality bloody1 idolatr\s & sup]/iti\s4 ,pope ,john ,,xxiii emp[]$ 8 legates to absolve p5it5ts f all sorts ( crimes ^u ! paym5t ( sums ( money proportion$ to _! guilt4 ,d',aubigne1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation1 tells u t :5 su* indulg5ces 7 to be publi%$1 ! disposal ( !m 0 commonly f>m$ out2 = ! papal c\rt c\ld n always wait to h ! money collect$ & convey$ f e c\ntry ( ,europe4 ,& !re 7 ri* m]*ants at ,g5oa1 ,milan1 ,v5ice & ,augsburg :o pur*as$ ! indulg5ces = a p>ticul> prov9ce1 & paid to ! papal *anc]y h&some sums = !m4 ,?us bo? p>ties 7 b5efit$4 ,! *anc]y came at once into l>ge sums ( money1 & ! f>m]s did n fail ( a good b>ga94 ,!y 7 c>eful to employ skillful m5 to sell ! indulg5ces1 p]sons ^: boldness & impud5ce bore due proportion to ! eloqu5ce ) :i* !y impos$ ^u ! simple p4 ,yet1 t ?is species ( traffic might h a religi\s aspect1 ! ,pope appo9t$ ! ar*bi%ops ( ! sev]al prov9ces to be 8 commiss>ies1 :o 9 8 "n ann\nc$ t indulg5ces 7 to be sold1 & g5]ally select$ ! m5 to sell !m1 & = ?is s]vice %>$ ! pr(its ) ! m]*ants :o f>m$ !m4 ,^! papal hawk]s enjoy$ great privileges1 &1 h[ev] odi\s to ! civil au?orities1 !y 7 n mole/$4 ,compla9ts1 inde$1 7 made aga9/ ^! contributions1 levi$ by ! popes ^u all ,europe4 ,k+s & pr9ces1 cl]gy & laity1 bi%ops1 mona/]ies & confessors1 all felt !mselves aggriev$ by !m2 ! k+s1 t _! c\ntries 7 impov]i%$1 "u ! pretext ( crusades t 7 nev] und]tak51 & ( w>s aga9/ h]etics & ,turks2 & ! bi%ops1 t _! lett]s ( indulg5ce 7 r5d]$ ineffici5t1 & ! p releas$ f ecclesia/ical discipl9e4 ,b at ,rome all 7 deaf to all ^! compla9ts1 & x 0 n till ! revolution produc$ by ,lu!r t unhappy ,europe obta9$ ! desir$ relief4 ,,john ,,tetzel ,leo ,x1 9 ord] to c>ry on ! exp5sive /ructure ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*ur* 9 ,rome1 publi%$ indulg5ces1 ) a pl5>y remission to all su* z %\ld contribute t[>d erect+ t magnific5t build+4 ,! "r ( promulgat+ ^! indulg5ces 9 ,g]many1 toge!r ) a %>e 9 ! pr(its aris+ f ! sale ( !m1 0 grant$ to ,john ,tetzel1 a ,dom9ican fri>1 a lic5ti\s wret*1 b an active & ent]pris+ _s1 & rem>kable = 8 noisy & popul> eloqu5ce4 ,assi/$ by ! monks ( 8 ord]1 select$ z 8 *ief ag5t = retail+ !m 9 ,saxony1 he execut$ ! commission ) great zeal & success1 b ) no less indec5cy4 ,t my read]s may h "s idea ( ! c\rse pursu$1 ,i give "o ( 8 h>angues4 ,aft] ! cross _h be5 erect$ & ! arms ( ! ,pope susp5d$ f x1 ,tetzel w5t into ! pulpit1 & ) a tone ( assurance began to extol ! value ( indulg5ces 9 ^! words3 ,indulg5ces are ! mo/ preci\s & mo/ noble ( ,god's gifts4 ,?is cross has z mu* efficacy z ! v cross ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,come & ,i w give y lett]s1 all prop]ly seal$1 by :i* ev5 ! s9s y int5d to commit may be p>don$4 ,i w\ld n *ange my privileges = ^? ( ,sa9t ,pet] 9 heav52 = ,i h sav$ m s\ls by my indulg5ces ?an ! apo/le by 8 s]mons4 ,!re is no s9 s great t an indulg5ce c n remit2 & ev5 if "o 7:i* x d\btless is impossible7 _h (f]$ viol5ce to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,"m ( ,god1 let him pay--only let him pay well1 & all w be =giv5 him4 ,reflect !n1 t e mortal s9 y mu/1 aft] confession & contrition1 d p5ance = sev5 ye>s1 ei!r 9 ?is life or 9 purgatory2 n[1 h[ _m mortal s9s are !re n committ$ 9 a day1 h[ _m 9 a week1 h[ _m 9 a mon?1 h[ _m 9 a ye>1 h[ _m 9 a :ole life6 ,alas1 ^! s9s are almo/ inf9ite1 & !y entail an inf9ite p5alty 9 ! fires ( purgatory4 ,& n[1 by means ( ^! lett]s ( indulg5ce1 y c once 9 y\r life1 9 e case except f\r1 :i* are res]v$ = ! apo/olic see1 & aft]w>d 9 ! article ( dea?1 obta9 a pl5>y remission ( all y\r p5alties & all y\r s9s6 ,d y "k t if any "o desires to visit ,rome1 or any c\ntry :]e travel]s incur dang]1 he s5ds 8 money to ! bank1 & = e hundr$ flor9s t he wi%es to h1 he gives five or six or t5 m1 t by means ( ! lett]s ( ?is bank he may be safely repaid 8 money at ,rome or else:]e4444 ,& y1 = a qu>t] ( a flor91 w n receive ^! lett]s ( indulg5ce1 by means ( :i* y may introduce into p>adise n a vile metal1 b a div9e & immortal s\l1 )\t its runn+ any risk4 ,b m ?an ?is1 indulg5ces avail n only = ! liv+1 b = ! dead4 ,= t rep5tance is n ev5 necess>y4 ,prie/s6 nobles6 m]*ant6 wife6 y\?6 maid56 d y n he> y\r p>5ts & y\r o!r fri5ds :o are dead1 & :o cry f ! bottom ( ! abyss3 ,we are suff]+ horrible torm5ts6 ,a trifl+ alms w\ld deliv] u2 y c give x1 & y w n6 ,at ! v in/ant t ! money rattles 9 ! bottom ( ! *e/1 ! s\l escapes f purgatory1 & flies lib]at$ to heav54 ,oh1 /upid & bruti% p1 :o d n und]/& ! grace s ri*ly (f]$6 ,n[ heav5 is ev]y:]e op5$6 ,d y refuse to ent] n[8 ,:51 !n w y ent]8 ,n[ y c ransom s _m s\ls6 ,/iff-neck$ & ?\ghtless man6 ) twelve groats y c deliv] y\r fa!r f purgatory1 & y are ungrateful en\gh n to save him6 ,i %all be ju/ifi$ 9 ! day ( judgm5t2 b--y w be puni%$ s mu* ! m sev]ely = hav+ neglect$ s great salvation4 ,i decl>e to y1 ?\gh y %\ld h b a s+le coat1 y %\ld /rip x (f & sell x1 9 ord] to obta9 ?is grace4 ,! ,"l our ,god no long] reigns4 ,he has resign$ all p[] to ! pope4 ,d y "k :y our mo/ ,holy ,"l di/ributes s ri* a grace8 ,x is to re/ore ! ru9$ ,*ur* ( ,sa9t ,pet] & ,sa9t ,paul1 & ^? ( a multitude ( m>tyrs4 ,! sa9tly bodies1 ?r\gh ! pres5t /ate ( ! build+1 are n[1 alas1 beat5 ^u1 inundat$1 pollut$1 di%onor$1 r$uc$ to rott5ness1 by ! ra9 & ! hail4 ,alas1 %all ^! sacr$ a%es rema9 long] 9 ! mire & 9 degradation8 ,bless$ are ! eyes :i* see ! ?+s t ye see3 = ,i tell y1 t _m prophets & k+s h desir$ to see1 & h n se5 !m2 & to he> ^? ?+s1 :i* ye he>1 & h n he>d !m6 ,:5 ,tetzel conclud$ 8 disc\rse he imm$iately left ! pulpit1 ran to ! money box1 &1 9 ! sight ( ! p1 dropp$ into x a co91 be+ v c>eful to make x rattle s t x c\ld be he>d by ! excit$ p4 ,?is 0 ! signal t indulg5ce _h e/abli%$ its ?rone 9 ! place ) due solemnity4 ,confessionals1 decorat$ ) ! pope's arms1 7 arrang$ 9 conv5i5t places4 ,on ea* ( ^! confessionals 7 po/$ 9 l>ge lett]s ! names1 ! surnames & titles ( ! "u commiss>ies & ( ! confessors4 ,m51 wom5 & *ildr5 cr[d$ ar\nd ^! confessionals1 all ) money 9 _! h&s4 ,ev5 ^? :o liv$ on alms f\nd money to buy indulg5ces6 ,aft] hav+ privately expla9$ to ea* individual ! greatness ( indulg5ce1 ! confessors address$ ! foll[+ "q to ea* p5it5t3 ,h[ mu* money c y consci5ti\sly sp>e to obta9 s complete a remission8 ,! dem&1 said ! in/ructions ( ! ar*bi%op ( ,m5tz to ! commiss>ies1 %\ld be made at ?is mom5t1 9 ord] t ! p5it5ts might be bett] dispos$ to contribute4 ,to all :o %\ld aid 9 build+ ! ca!dral ( ,sa9t ,pet] 9 ,rome1 ! foll[+ graces 7 promis$3 7#a7 ,! full p>don = e s92 7#b7 ! "r ( *oos+ a confessor1 :o1 :5ev] ! h\r ( dea? appe>$ at h&1 %\ld give absolution = all s91 ev5 f ! greate/ crimes res]v$ = ! apo/olic see2 7#c7 a p>ticipation 9 all ! bless+s1 works & m]its ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 pray]s1 fa/s1 alms1 & ! pilgrimages2 & 7#d7 r$emption ( ! s\ls t are 9 purgatory4 ,to obta9 ! fir/ ( ^! graces x 0 said to be necess>y to h contrition ( he>t & confession ( m\?1 or at lea/ an int5tion ( confess+4 ,b z = ! ?ree o!rs !y might be obta9$ )\t contrition1 )\t confession1 simply by pay+4 ,! int5tion 0 to make x appe> t :oev] possess$ money c\ld1 by us+ x 9 ! pur*ase ( indulg5ces1 introduce s\ls into heav54 ,! indulg5ce mong]s said3 ,z = ^? :o w\ld deliv] s\ls f purgatory & procure ! p>don ( all _! (f5ses1 let !m put money into ! *e/2 contrition ( he>t or confession ( m\? is n necess>y4 ,let !m only ha/5 to br+ _! money3 = ?us !y w p]=m a "w mo/ useful to ! s\ls ( ! dead1 & to ! build+ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9t ,pet]4 ,! confession ov]1 !re 0 a ru% to ! traffick]1 :o exam9$ v closely ! dress1 mann]1 gait & appe>ance ( ! applicant4 ,! sum requir$ 0 measur$ by 8 judgm5t ( ! f9ancial ability ( ! individual4 ,if he made a mi/ake ab\t ! price set1 he 0 emp[]$ to make ! be/ b>ga9 possible1 & all 0 to be arrang$ accord+ to ! data ( s\nd reason1 & ! g5]osity ( ! donor4 ,= adult]y1 polygamy1 sacrilege1 p]jury1 murd]1 wit*craft1 infanticide1 & fratricide he _h a p>ticul> tax4 ,9 fact1 !re 0 no ve9 9 ! gold m9e t !y did n f9d ! means ( work+4 ,tetzel execut$ ! commission ) great zeal & success1 b ) no less indec5cy4 ,he assur$ ! pur*as]s t _! crimes1 h[ev] enorm\s1 w\ld be =giv52 t ! efficacy ( indulg5ces 0 s great t ! mo/ he9\s s9s w\ld be expiat$ & remitt$ by !m1 & ! p]son fre$ bo? f puni%m5t & guilt2 & t ?is 0 ! unspeakable gift ( ,god to reconcile m5 to himself4 ,9 ord] t my read]s may und]/& m fully ! frightful ext5t ( ! wick$ness to :i* ! traffic l$1 ,i give ! usual =m ( ! lett]s ( absolution1 :i* 0 z foll[s3 ,may ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ h m]cy ^u !e1 & absolve !e by ! m]its ( 8 mo/ holy passion4 ,& ,i1 by 8 au?ority1 t ( 8 apo/les ,pet] & ,paul1 & ( ! mo/ holy pope1 grant$ & committ$ to me 9 ^! p>ts1 d absolve !e1 fir/1 f all ecclesia/ical c5sures1 9 :atev] mann] !y may h be5 incurr$2 !n f all ?y s9s1 transgressions & excesses1 h[ enorm\s soev] !y may be2 ev5 su* z are res]v$ = ! cognizance ( our mo/ holy fa!r ! pope & = ! apo/olic see4 ,i remit to !e all puni%m5t :i* ?\ des]ve/ 9 purgatory on _! acc\nt2 & ,i re/ore !e to ! holy sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*1 to ! unity ( ! fai?ful1 & to ! innoc5ce & purity :i* ?\ possess$/ at baptism2 s t :5 ?\ die/ ! gates ( puni%m5t %all be %ut1 & ! gates ( ! p>adise ( delights %all be op5$2 & if ?\ %all n die at pres5t1 ?is grace %all rema9 9 full =ce :5 ?\ art at ! po9t ( dea?4 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,fri> ,john ,tetzel1 commiss>y1 has sign$ ) 8 own h&4 ,?is aboli%$ all guilt & fe> ( hell 9 ! m9ds ( ! pur*as]s1 & inasmu* z ! sale ( indulg5ces 0 univ]sally preval5t1 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 ev]y:]e triumphant1 d>kness cov]$ ! e>?1 & gross d>kness ! p2 ! *ildr5 ( ,god 7 driv5 to caves & secret places ( ! e>?1 hunt$ by arm$ b&s at ! comm& ( ! apo/ate ,*ur*4 ,! condition 0 appall+6 ,,"p ,,iii ,! ,re=mation 9 ,europe ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,john ,,wyckliffe ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 z we h already se51 _h rea*$ su* a degree ( corruption 9 doctr9e & practice1 s deep & widespread1 t x w\ld seem q impossible = x to rea* fur!r degradation4 ,! "n ( ,*ri/ 0 ev]y:]e pr(ess$1 b a dev\t believ] 0 seldom f\nd4 ,! ,*ri/ 0 hidd5 t 8 pret5d$ repres5tatives might be all 9 all4 ,ju/ification by fai? 0 d5\nc$ 9 ord] to op5 up a trade 9 indulg5ces to enri* ! papacy by ! sale ( salvation4 ,! comm&s ( ,god 7 op5ly made void by ! doctr9es & comm&m5ts ( m54 ,apo/olic ord] & ord9ances _h giv5 place to ^? ( ! man ( s94 ,! my/]y ( lawlessness /ood out 9 full proportions4 ,& yet1 not)/&+ all ?is1 !re 7 =ces at "w1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe1 mov+ on to conflict & re=m t 7 de/9$ to break ! all b univ]sal sway ( ! papacy4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 ! gradual revival ( le>n+1 & ! enl>g$ acqua9tance ) ! ,scriptures1 all made directly aga9/ ! !n exi/+ conditions4 ,! ,re=mation 0 effect$ & ! names ( its *ief actors h come d[n to u ) des]v$ honor1 & yet h[ imp]fect ! "w done & ! _s ( ! do]s ( x4 ,measur+ bo? by ! doctr9e & practice ( ! apo/les c n b compel ! conclusion t ! ,re=mation f ! fir/ onw>d ne$$ imm5se re=mation to br+ x up to ! measures ( ! div9e /&>d4 ,& /ill x may be t any ne>] approa* to a completely scriptural "w & _s w\ld h be5 q futile "u ! exi/+ conditions4 ,john ,wyckliffe1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 popul>ly call$ ! ,morn+ ,/> ( ! ,re=mation1 0 ! fir/ to di/+ui% himself 9 fight+ aga9/ ! supremacy ( ! pope1 ! doctr9e ( transub/antiation1 & ! abuses ( ! hi]>*y4 ,z e>ly z #acfj he became kn[n z ! oppon5t ( ! m5dicant fri>s :o infe/$ ,engl&1 int]f]+ ) s*ool discipl9e1 z well z dome/ic relations4 ,he expos$ ! v5ality & sup]/ition ( ! monki% ord]s ) a vigor ( reason+ & a ke5 satire4 ,ef=ts 7 made by a commission appo9t$ by ! k+ to h ! evil abrogat$1 & su* arrangem5ts 7 f9ally made2 b ! pope soon violat$ ! compact & ,p>liam5t aga9 took action aga9/ ! ,roman usurpations4 ,^! developm5ts fully op5$ ! eyes ( ,wyckliffe to ! intol]ant corruption ( ! ,roman ,see1 & he began h5ce=? to argue & tea*1 prea* & write1 boldly & )\t res]ve aga9/ ! papal sy/em4 ,,translates ,,! ,,bible ,,into ,,engli% ,b ! greate/ "w ( ,wyckliffe = ! enlight5m5t ( ! _w 0 ! translation ( ! ,bible into ! ,engli% language4 ,b 9 ord] to appreciate ! difficulties ( 8 task1 we %\ld rememb] t ,rome _h n only utt]ly neglect$ & contemn$ ! ,sacr$ writ+s1 b _h int]dict$ _! translation into any v]nacul> tongue4 ,%e claim$ t x 0 n only unlawful1 b injuri\s1 = ! p at l>ge to read ! ,scriptures4 ,nor 0 ?is idea left to pass curr5t m]ely z a receiv$ op9ion1 b x 0 a subject :i* 0 consid]$ by c\ncils1 & canons 7 enact$ aga9/ x4 ,n to m5tion o!r pro(s ( ?is1 m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e ,wyckliffe _h f9i%$ 8 translation ( ! ,bible1 9 ! ye> #abbi1 at ! ,c\ncil ( ,t\l\se1 =ty-five canons 7 pass$ & issu$ = ! ext9ction ( h]esy & ! re-e/abli%m5t ( peace4 ,"o ( ^! canons involv$ ! fir/ c\rt ( inquisition1 & ano!r1 ! fir/ canon1 =bade ! ,scriptures to ! laity1 or ! translation ( any portion ( !m into ! common tongue4 ,! latt] 0 express$ 9 ! foll[+ v po9t$ t]ms3 ,we also =bid ! laity to possess any ( ! books ( ! ,old or ,new ,te/am5t1 except1 p]haps1 ! ,psalt] or ,brevi>y = ! ,div9e ,(fices1 or ! ,h\rs ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :i* "s1 out ( devotion1 wi% to h2 b hav+ any ( ^! books translat$ into ! vulg> tongue1 we /rictly =bid4 ,9 ! face ( all ?is1 & f> m ?an ,i c n[ expla91 ,wyckliffe p]=m$ 8 ardu\s task ( translation4 ,( ?is great "w1 a compet5t critic mo/ appropriately rem>ks3 ,f an e>ly p]iod ( 8 life he _h devot$ 8 v>i\s le>n+1 & 8 p[]ful en]gies ( m9d1 to effect ?is1 &1 at l5g?1 by int5se application on 8 "p1 & f assi/ance f a few ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( 8 foll[]s1 he _h ! glory to complete a book1 :i*1 alone1 w\ld h be5 suffici5t 7or at lea/ ought7 to h procur$ ! v5]ation ( 8 own age1 & ! comm5dation ( po/]ity4 ,:ile engag$ 9 ?is "w1 9 ! ye> #acgi1 he 0 tak5 viol5tly ill1 & ! fri>s1 imag9+ t 8 c\rse 0 n[ ne> its end1 contriv$ to visit him4 ,f\r ( _! able/ m5 _h be5 select$1 or a fri> f ea* ( ! m5dicant ord]s1 & !y 7 admitt$ to a pati5t he>+4 ,aft] rem9d+ him ( ! great injury he _h done to _! ord]1 !y exhort$ him1 z "o ne> to dea?1 t he w\ld n[1 z a true p5it5t1 bewail & revoke1 9 _! pres5ce1 :atev] he _h said to _! disp>agem5t4 ,z soon z !y _h done1 ,wyckliffe1 call+ = 8 s]vant1 desir$ to be rais$ up on 8 pill[2 & !n collect+ all 8 /r5g?1 ) a sev]e & expressive c\nt5ance1 & 9 a tone n to be misund]/ood1 exclaim$3 ,i %all n die1 b live to decl>e ! evil de$s ( ! fri>s4 ,conf\nd$ at su* a reply1 !y imm$iately left him2 & he recov]$1 to f9i% 9 ! next ye> 8 translation ( ! entire ,bible4 ,z ?is 0 be=e ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 ! translation c\ld only be diffus$ by ! labori\s process ( transcription2 b transcrib$ x 0 mo/ dilig5tly1 bo? entire & 9 p>ts1 & z eag]ly read4 ,!re 7 ^? :o1 at all haz>ds1 s\ght wisdom f ! ,book ( ,god1 & _! numb] c\ld n be few4 ,a contempor>y writ]1 an enemy1 & 9 ! language ( hatr$ & fe> comb9$1 ) ! wi% to damage ! cause1 affirm$ t a man c\ld n meet two p on ! road1 b "o ( !m 0 a disciple ( ,wyckliffe4 ,c]ta9ly ! opportunity 0 gladly receiv$ by ! p2 & :ile ! ^w ( ! ,"l did n h free c\rse1 !re c be no "q t x 0 glorifi$ 9 ! reception giv5 x by _m4 ,! same bitt] oppon5t1 9 ! tone ( deep lam5tation1 makes ! foll[+ rem>kable admission ab\t ! wond]ful progress made 9 ! face ( bitt] p]secution3 ,! soldi]s1 ) ! dukes & e>ls1 are ! *ief adh]5ts ( ?is sect1 its mo/ p[]ful def5d]s1 & its inv9cible protectors4 ,?is ,ma/] ,john ,wyckliffe ha? translat$ ! ,gospel out ( ,lat9 into ,engli%1 :i* ,*ri/ _h entru/$ ) ! cl]gy & doctors ( ! ,*ur*1 t !y might m9i/] x to ! laity & weak] sort1 accord+ to ! /ate ( ! times & ! wants ( m54 ,s t by ?is means ! ,gospel is made vulg>1 & laid m op5 to ! laity1 & ev5 to wom5 :o c read1 ?an x us$ to be to ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! cl]gy & ^? ( ! be/ und]/&+6 ,& :at 0 be=e ! *ief gift ( ! cl]gy & doctors ( ! ,*ur*1 is made =ev] common to ! laity6 ,at ab\t ! same "t ano!r papal dupe1 9 ! same _s1 mo/ vehem5tly urg$3 ,! prelates ought n to suff] t e "o at 8 pleasure %\ld read ! ,scriptures1 translat$ ev5 into ,lat92 because1 z is pla9 f exp]i5ce1 ?is has be5 _m ways ! occasion ( fall+ into h]esies & errors4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 politic t any "o1 :]esoev] & :5soev] he w1 %\ld give himself to ! frequ5t /udy ( ! ,scriptures4 ,^! m5 j quot$ ref]r$ to ! p]iod betwe5 #achj & #adjj1 & x 0 "o1 ?\gh b too %ort1 :i* di/+ui%$ ,engl& f e o!r c\ntry 9 ,europe4 ,h[ev] transi5t1 x 0 "o t _h mu* to d ) wre/+ ! _w f ! appall+ d>kness & ru9 wr\ght by ! papacy1 & flood+ ! _w ) ! glori\s sunlight ( et]nal tru?4 ,x 0 all 9 va9 t ! bi%ops1 ) ! primates ( ,cant]bury at _! head bell[$ & remon/rat$ ) ! p1 wrote lett]s to & receiv$ lett]s f ,rome1 made & execut$ fe>ful ?reats ( puni%m5t2 ! ,bible _h be5 translat$1 ! p transcrib$ & read1 & s5t copies ( x f> & ne>4 ,9 #adjj ,p>liam5t enact$ a law t gave bi%ops ! p[] to h& ov] ob/9ate or relaps$ h]etics to %]iffs & magi/rates1 :o 7 enjo9$ to h !m publicly burnt4 ,9 #adja ,william ,sawtre1 a dev\t man1 0 burnt at ,smi?field z a h]etic4 ,( ! _m victims1 ,i h only space to m5tion ,j4 ,badby1 :o 0 burnt 9 a b>rel2 & especially t g5]\s fri5d ( ! ,re=mation1 ,sir ,john ,oldca/le1 :o frequ5tly %elt]$ prea*]s ( re=m 9 8 ca/le1 & dev\tly did he adh]e to ^! doctr9es1 s9ce1 z he himself atte/$ 8 :ole life ?r\gh !m _h und]gone a *ange4 ,h5ry ,v _h made va9 ef=ts to induce him to *ange f 8 fai?2 b he refus$ to recant1 & 0 condemn$ z a p]nici\s h]etic 9 #adac4 ,b dur+ ! respite grant$ him1 he manag$ to escape into ,wales1 :]e he conceal$ himself till #adag1 :5 he 0 captur$ & execut$ at ,/4 ,giles' ,fields1 amid/ ! mo/ b>b>\s tortures1 be+ roa/$ ov] a sl[ fire4 ,! escape ( ,oldca/le & ! rumors ( a ,loll>d insurrection ! foll[+ ye> 7 made ! occasion = fre% measures ( p]secution4 ,9 #adad x 0 ord]$ t all public (ficials %\ld b9d !mselves by oa? to aid 9 ! extirpation ( h]esy1 & t ! l&s & possessions ( ^? convict$ ( h]esy %\ld be confiscat$4 ,9 #adaf a regul> inquisition 0 in/itut$ 9 e p>i% ( ! diocese ( ,cant]bury4 ,among ! common p1 h[ev]1 ! desire = ,biblical k cont9u$ to spread2 secret conv5ticles 7 held2 & ?\gh ! p]secution1 :i* la/$ till #adca1 may h cru%$ ! h]esy1 ! pr9ciples liv$ & spread worldwide1 & became ! influ5ce t l$ to re=mation 9 o!r p>ts4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,william ,tyndale ,if ,i 7 to foll[ ! /rictly *ronological ord]1 ,i w\ld "h give a sket* ( ,lu!r & 8 "w1 b z ,i h giv5 an acc\nt ( ! "w ( ,wyckliffe1 x is prop] to give att5tion to ! "w ( ,william ,tyndale1 because ,i am n[ seek+ ! basic pr9ciple ( ! return to apo/olic purity & simplicity4 ,at ! op5+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 a p]iod ( great int]e/ to all ! _w1 7 f\r m5--,le ,fevre1 9 ,france2 ,zw+li1 9 ,switz]l&2 ,lu!r1 9 ,g]many1 & ,tyndale1 9 ,engl&--de/9$ to make a great impression on ! _w = all "t4 ,b !y 7 :olly unkn[n to ea* o!r4 ,9 ,france1 ,switz]l& & ,g]many 7 ! liv+ voices ?r\gh\t life1 ( ! m5 rais$ up1 call+ ^u _! c\ntrym5 to he> & obey ! tru?2 & s x 0 9 ,engl& a c5tury & a half be=e1 9 ! case ( ,wyclif4 ,b 9 ! case ( ,tyndale1 ! proc$ure is entirely diff]5t1 & out ( ! usual c\rse pursu$ 9 o!r l&s4 ,he _h1 x is true1 lift$ up 8 voice ) "s effect1 b he 0 driv5 f 8 native l&1 nev] to return4 ,9 ! o!r cases ! m5 liv$ & di$ at home4 ,le ,fevre :5 above "o hundr$ ye>s old wept because he _h n felt & display$ ! c\rage ( a m>tyr2 ,zw+li1 9 battle = 8 c\ntry2 & ,lu!r1 aft] 8 noble intrepidity1 expir$ 9 8 sick *amb]2 b ,tyndale 0 /rangl$ & 8 body burnt to a%es 9 a =eign l&4 ,engli%m51 ,scot*m5 & ,g]mans 7 ga!r$ toge!r aga9/ him2 yes1 m5 ( ?ree nations at lea/ concur to conf] ^u him ! m>tyr's cr[n1 s t among all 8 contempor>ies1 9 sev]al respects1 b especially z a translator ( ! ,scriptures1 he /&s alone4 ,! political & lit]>y condition ( ,engl& "u ,c>d9al ,wolsey did n af=d ! slighte/ indication t ! ,scriptures 7 ab\t to be giv5 to ! p 9 _! native tongue1 b ! rev]se4 ,9 ju/ice to t ev5t x is necess>y to obs]ve1 also1 ! nature ( t connection :i* _h exi/$ = ages betwe5 ,brita9 & ,rome4 ,inde$1 "u ,h5ry ,,viii x rea*$ its climax4 ,?is connection su/a9$ a peculi>ly complicat$ "*4 ,!re 7 no few] ?an twelve di/9ct s\rces ( rev5ue t w5t directly to ,rome4 ,^! altoge!r 7 op]at+ on ! inhabitants )\t exception1 & ) z mu* regul>ity z ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun4 ,x 0 a pecuni>y connection ( imm5se p[]1 made to be> ^u ! g5]al consci5ce1 :i* knew no pause by day or night2 fall+1 z x did1 n m]ely on ! liv+1 b on ! dy+ & ! dead6 ,9 no o!r c\ntry ?r\gh\t ,europe 0 ! papal sy/em 9 all its oppressive & fe>ful integrity m fully ma9ta9$4 ,"u ! unscrupul\s & imp]ative ,h5ry ,,viii1 :o glori$ 9 8 k ( div9ity & prid$ himself on 8 or?odoxy1 ) a prime m9i/] s well kn[n 9 e =eign c\rt1 & :o himself ye>n$ = ! pontificate1 ,engl& _h become ! ma9/ay ( ! sy/em4 ,9 ,worce/] diocese above e o!r "p ( ,engl& 0 ?is p[] ( ,rome mo/ int5sely felt1 yet "h 9 ab\t #adhd 0 ,william ,tyndale born ^: labors 7 de/9$ to "w ! ov]?r[ ( its p[] 9 ! realm4 ,,erasmus ,,arrives ,,9 ,,engl& ,erasmus arriv$ 9 ,engl& 9 #adih1 & 0 delight$ to f9d a ta/e = ! /udy ( ,hebrew1 ,greek & ,lat9 s pron\nc$1 & he pursu$ 8 /udies ) great dilig5ce & satisfaction4 ,8 zeal s inspir$ o!rs t ! influ5ce ( 8 resid5ce !re may be reg>d$ z ! op5+ ( a new era 9 lett]s 9 t c\ntry4 ,9 #aeaf ! fir/ edition ( 8 ,greek ,new ,te/am5t 0 publi%$1 accompani$ by a new ,lat9 translation1 & spread f> & wide4 ,he receiv$ ! he>ty congratulations ( 8 fri5ds1 b its appe>ance rais$ up a ho/ ( enemies4 ,not)/&+ ! opposition dur+ ! p]iod dur+ #adgg to #aebf1 f\rte5 editions ( ! ,bible 9 ,hebrew & ,greek 7 publi%$1 & n "o ( ! sacr$ orig9als _h ev] be5 re/ra9$ by any gov]nm5t4 ,9 fact1 at ?is "t1 s f> f su* re/ra9t be+ impos$ 9 ,engl&1 x 0 enc\rag$2 z n a man 9 high au?ority seems to h =ese5 t ! cultivation ( ! k ( ! orig9al language w\ld necess>ily lead to a translation ( ! sacr$ volume into ! common tongue4 ,ev5 ,h5ry ,,vii transmitt$ to ! univ]sity a royal m&ate t /udy ( ! ,scriptures 9 ! orig9al language %\ld n only be p]mitt$1 b receiv$ z a bran* ( ! academical in/itution4 ,& ?is 0 at ! p]iod :5 ,tyndale resid$ at ,cambridge & ,ox=d4 ,! advantages ?us comb9$ fully expla9 ! s\rce ( ! sup]ior atta9m5ts 9 le>n+ :i* he aft]w>d turn$ to su* wond]ful acc\nt4 ,ab\t #aejd ,tyndale w5t to ,ox=d ,univ]sity1 & took 8 degree ( ,b4,a41 9 #aejh4 ,"o ( ! colleges at ,ox=d _h =bidd5 ! entrance ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t )9 its walls by horse or by boat1 by :eels or on foot4 ,possibly ow+ to ?is enmity ,tyndale left ,ox=d = ,cambridge1 :]e ,erasmus 0 tea*+ ,greek & issu+ 8 edition ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t4 ,ab\t ! close ( #aeba we f9d ,tyndale z tutor 9 ! family ( ,sir ,john ,wal%1 at ,little ,sudbury1 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 twelve miles nor? ( ,bri/ol4 ,wal% always kept a good table1 & abbots1 deans1 ar*deacons1 & div]s o!r doctors :o 7 fond ( discussion1 7 (t5 invit$ to %>e 8 hospitality4 ,9 ^! discussions ,tyndale always bore a conspicu\s & decid$ "p4 ,he _h an uncom=table way ( cru%+ 8 oppon5ts by cl9*+ 8 argum5ts ) a ?us sai? ! ,"l4 ,8 outspok5 way caus$ ,lady ,wal% _m an uneasy h\r1 & %e (t5 rem9d$ him t bi%ops1 abbots & o!rs hav+ an income ( hundr$s ( p\nds ye>ly held views ! v opposite ( 81 & 7 x reason t we %\ld believe y be=e !m8 ,n be+ s skill$ 9 ! use ( ,scripture k z "s 9 ^! days ( ,gospel light & lib]ty1 ?is 0 v emb>rass+ to him1 a moneyless man1 com+ f su* a s\rce4 ,9 ord] to /r5g!n 8 position ) 8 wav]+ ho/ess by ! te/imony ( ,erasmus1 ^: fame 0 res\nd+ ?r\gh\t ,europe1 he translat$ 8 ,*ri/ian ,soldi] into ,engli% & pres5t$ x to ,wal% & 8 wife4 ,?is won h]1 & !y did n invite ! cl]gy to _! table any m4 ,?is *ange 0 attribut$ to ,tyndale1 & ev] aft]w>d !y treasur$ a grudge aga9/ him4 ,( ?is opposition ,fox says3 ,^! bl9d & rude prie/s1 flock+ toge!r to ! aleh\se1 = t 0 _! prea*+ place1 rag$ & rail$ aga9/ him2 affirm+ t 8 say+s 7 h]esy1 add+ ( _! own heads moreov] unto 8 say+s m ?an ev] he spake4 ,,tyndale ,,resolves ,,to ,,translate ,,! ,,bible ,,into ,,engli% ,=tunately ,tyndale has left on record 8 reflections at ?is p]iod ( 8 life4 ,he says3 ,a ?\s& books _h !y lev] r to be put =? aga9/ _! abom9able do+s & doctr9es1 ?an t ! ,scripture %\ld come to light4 ,= z long z !y may keep t d[n1 !y w s d>k5 ! "r way ) ! mi/ ( _! sophi/ry1 & s tangle !m t ei!r rebuke or despite _! abom9ations ) argum5ts ( philosophy1 & ) worldly & app>5t reasons ( natural wisdom1 & ) wre/+ ! ,scriptures to _! own purpose1 clean contr>y unto ! process1 ord]1 & mean+ ( ! text2 & s delude !m 9 descant+ ^u x ) allegories1 & amaze !m1 exp\nd+ x 9 _m s5ses1 ^: light ! owls c n hide1 t ?\gh ?\ feel 9 ?y he>t1 & art sure1 h[ t all is false t !y saw1 yet c\ld/ ?\ n solve _! subtle riddles4 ,:i* ?+ only mov$ me to translate ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,because ,i h prov$ by exp]i5ce1 h[ t x is impossible to e/abli% ! lay p 9 any tru?1 except ! ,scripture 7 pla9ly laid be=e _! eyes 9 _! "m tongue1 t !y might see ! process1 ord] & mean+ ( ! text2 = else1 :atev] tru? is taught !m1 ^! enemies ( all tru? qu5* x aga9--p>tly ) ! smoke ( _! bottomless pit 7,rev4 #i71 t is ) app>5t reasons ( sophi/ry1 & traditions ( _! own mak+2 & p>tly 9 juggl+ ) ! text1 exp\nd+ x 9 su* a s5se z x is impossible to ga!r ( ! text itself4 ,! ,convocation ( ,cant]bury _h expressly =bidd5 any man to translate any "p ( ! ,scripture 9 ,engli%1 or to read any su* translation )\t au?ority ( ! bi%op1 an au?ority n likely to be grant$4 ,! /udy ( ! ,bible 0 n ev5 a "p ( ! prep>atory /udy ( ! religi\s tea*]s ( ! p4 ,writ+ aga9/ ,alex&] ,alesius to ,james ,v ( ,scotl&1 ,co*lu1 ! notori\s ,roman ,ca?olic !ologian1 writes ab\t ! ,bible z foll[s3 ,! ,new ,te/am5t translat$ into ! vulg> tongue1 is 9 tru? ! food ( dea?1 ! fuel ( s91 ! veil ( malice1 ! pretext ( false lib]ty1 ! protection ( disob$i5ce1 ! corruption ( discipl9e1 ! depravity ( morals1 ! t]m9ation ( concord1 ! dea? ( hone/y1 ! well-spr+ ( vice1 ! disease ( virtues1 ! in/igation ( rebellion1 ! milk ( pride1 ! n\ri%m5t ( contempt1 ! dea? ( peace1 ! de/ruction ( *>ity1 ! enemy ( unity1 ! murd]] ( tru?4 7,demaus' ,biography ( ,william ,tyndale1 page #ceh47 ,) su* a s5tim5t prom95t among ! cl]gy1 !re is no surprise at ! dang] to :i* ,tyndale subject$ himself :5 9 a w>m discussion he reveal$ 8 int5tion4 ,( ?is incid5t ,fox says3 ,commun+ & disput+ ) a c]ta9 le>n$ man 9 ^: company he happ5$ to be1 he drove him to t issue1 t ! le>n$ man said1 ,we 7 bett] to be )\t ,god's law ?an ! pope's4 ,ma/] ,tyndale he>+ t1 answ]$ him1 ,i defy ! pope & all 8 laws2 & if ,god sp>e my life _m ye>s1 ,i w cause a boy t drive? ! pl[ to "k m ( ! ,scripture ?an y d6 ,aft] ?is1 ! murmur+s ( ! prie/s increas$ to a fury4 ,su* language flew ov] ! c\ntry z on ! w+s ( ! w9d4 ,!y br&$ him z a h]etic1 & h9t$ l\dly ( burn+ him4 ,x 0 n[ evid5t to ,tyndale t a crisis _h be5 rea*$1 & he saw too cle>ly t x w\ld be impossible = him to rema9 long] at ,little ,sudbury 9 ! home ( ,wal% 9 peaceful prosecution ( 8 great purpose4 ,?is purpose he 0 det]m9$ to prosecute :atev] inconv5i5ce or dang] x might br+ ^u him2 & x seem$ to him q possible t he might f9d t lib]ty 9 "s o!r "p ( ,engl&4 ,he resolv$1 !re=e1 to give up 8 position :i* he held 9 ! family ( ,wal%4 ,s ) ! good w ( ,wal%1 he made 8 way to ,london1 hop+ to f9d 9 ,cu?burt ,tun/al1 ,bi%op ( ,london1 a lib]al patron "u ^: protection ! "w might be prosecut$4 ,tun/al accord$ him an int]view1 ackn[l$g$ 8 s*ol>%ip1 b said t 8 h\se 0 already full1 & advis$ him to seek a place else:]e4 ,:ile 9 ,london ,tyndale prea*$ at ,/4 ,dun/an's-9-!-,we/1 & greatly impress$ ,humphrey ,monm\?1 a weal?y1 educat$1 travel$ clo? m]*ant1 :o took him into 8 h\se1 :]e he rema9$ six mon?s dilig5tly engag$ 9 translat+ ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,= ?is k9dness ,monm\? 0 imprison$ 9 ! ,t[]4 ,:ile 9 ,london1 ,tyndale saw m5 ar\nd him l$ to prison & to dea? = hav+ or read+ ! writ+s ( ,lu!r1 :i* 7 f9d+ _! way into ,engl&1 & he knew well t a ,bible translation w\ld be /ill a m dang]\s book4 ,at la/ he und]/ood n only t !re 0 no room 9 my "l ( ,london's palace to translate ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b1 also1 t !re 0 no place to d x 9 all ,engl&4 ,b ,tyndale 0 n ! man to put 8 h&s to ! pl[ & !n turn back4 ,if only a life 9 exile c\ld d ! "w1 a life ( exile he w\ld gladly accept4 ,z ,fox rem>ks3 ,to give ! p b>e text ( ,scriptures1 he w\ld (f] 8 body to suff] :at pa9 ( torture1 yea1 :at dea? ,8 ,grace 7,h5ry ,,viii7 w\ld s t ?is be obta9$4 ,,goes ,,to ,,hamburg ,hav+ n[ fully decid$ on go+ abroad1 he sail$ direct to ,hamburg1 ab\t ,may1 #aebd1 nev] to set foot on 8 native soil aga94 ,sc>cely a ye> be=e1 he ent]$ ,london ) bright anticipations ( success1 b all 8 anticipations _h be5 cruelly disappo9t$1 & n[ 9 sorr[ & sadness he 0 sail+ =? on ! untri$ dang]s ( solitude & exile4 ,_h he be5 able to read ! future t await$ him1 & :i* he aft]w>ds s pati5tly bewail$1 ! pov]ty1 ! exile f 8 own native l&1 ! bitt] abs5ce f 8 fri5ds1 ! hung]1 ! ?ir/1 ! cold1 ! great dang] :]e) he 0 ev]y:]e compass$1 ! innum]able h>d & %>p fight+s :i* he _h to endure1 d\btless 8 lov+ s\l w\ld h be5 melt$ ) ! spectacle1 & yet1 no d\bt1 ! /\t & brave he>t w\ld h gone =w>d1 hop+ ) 8 labors to d honor to ,god1 true s]vice to 8 pr9ce1 & be/[ unspeakable bless+s ^u 8 prie/-ridd5 p4 ,9 ,hamburg he dilig5tly appli$ 8 :ole "t to translat+1 b on be+ int]rupt$ he mov$ to ,cologne ab\t ! fir/ ( ,may1 #aebe1 :]e he put 8 translation into ! h&s ( ! pr9t]4 ,n only 0 ! entire sacr$ text !n translat$1 b 8 prologue 0 compos$ be=e he began to pr9t4 ,at ?is "t ,john ,co*lu1 dean ( ,frank=t1 ! wat*dog ( ,romanism1 0 at ,cologne1 an exile f 8 own city on acc\nt ( upris+s ( ! peasants aga9/ ! cl]gy4 ,he 0 occupi$ at ,cologne pr9t+ a book4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is he became acqua9t$ ) ! pr9t]s ( ,cologne1 :om he he>d confid5tly boa/+ ov] _! cups t :e!r ! k+ & c>d9al w\ld or n all ,engl& 9 a %ort "t w\ld be furni%$ ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,engli%4 ,he he>d t !re 0 an ,engli%man !re1 le>n$1 skill$ 9 languages1 eloqu5t1 :om1 h[ev]1 he nev] c\ld see or conv]se )4 ,invit+1 !re=e1 "s pr9t]s to 8 lodg+1 &1 aft] excit+ !m ) w9e1 "o ( !m disclos$ to him t ! ,new ,te/am5t _h be5 translat$ into ! ,engli% language2 t x 0 !n 9 ! h&s ( ! pr9t]s1 :o 7 !n pr9t+ an edition ( ?ree ?\s& copies2 & t ! exp5ses 7 be+ met by ,engli% m]*ants1 :o 7 to convey x secretly to ,engl& & disp5se x widely ?r\gh\t ! realm be=e ! k+ or ! c>d9al c\ld discov] or prohibit x4 ,?\gh m5tally di/ract$ betwe5 fe> & wond]1 ,co*lu disguis$ 8 grief 9 a *e]ful mann]2 & aft] hav+ consid]$ sadly ! magnitude ( ! dang]1 he delib]at$ ) himself h[ he might conv5i5tly ob/ruct ^! v wick$ attempts4 ,s he w5t to ,h]man ,r9ck1 a ,s5ator ( ,cologne1 & a knight1 well kn[n bo? to ! ,emp]or & ! ,k+ ( ,engl&1 to :om he made kn[n ! :ole affair4 ,on he>+ ?is ,r9ck w5t to ! ,s5ate ( ,cologne1 & procur$ an ord] int]dict+ ! pr9t]s f proce$+ fur!r ) ! "w4 ,tyndale contriv$1 h[ev]1 to procure ! pr9t$ %eets1 & sail$ up ! ,rh9e to ,worms ab\t ,octob]1 #aebe2 b ,r9ck & ,co*lu wrote at once to ! k+ & c>d9al & ! ,bi%op ( ,ro*e/] to take ! utmo/ precaution 9 all ! seaports ( ,engl&1 le/ t mo/ p]nici\s article ( m]*&ise %\ld be introduc$4 ,app>5tly no?+ c\ld h be5 m complete ?an ! triumph ( ,co*lu4 ,he _h n only int]rupt$ ! pr9t+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t at ,cologne1 b _h disclos$ ! secret ( ,tyndale's int5tions to ^? :o 7 mo/ able to take effectual /eps to prev5t ! introduction ( ! "w 9 ,engl&1 if he %\ld ev] succe$ 9 gett+ x pr9t$ at all4 ,?is int]ruption1 ?\gh felt mo/ ke5ly at ! "t by ,tyndale1 only inflam$ 8 zeal1 & ! rem>kable result 0 t two editions 7 issu$ by him 9 ! same p]iod 9 :i* he _h contemplat$ only "o4 ,?us ! ho/ility ( ,co*lu1 :i*1 z we h se51 ?reat5$ to arre/ ! progress ( ! "w1 only delay$ its completion = a "t & enabl$ ,tyndale to issue six ?\s& copies ( 8 translation in/ead ( ?ree ?\s&4 ,e>ly 9 #aebf bo? editions 7 s5t into ,engl& 9 cases1 9 b>rels1 9 bales ( clo?1 9 sacks ( fl\r1 & 9 e o!r secret way t c\ld be ?\ght (4 ,! reception 9 ,engl& 0 rem>kable4 ,!y 7 eag]ly b\ght & read to ! inexpressible joy & com=t ( ?\s&s :o _h long walk$ 9 d>kness1 & z eag]ly proscrib$ & s\ght out = de/ruction4 ,sir ,?omas ,m fi]cely attack$ ! translation z ignorant1 di%one/ & h]etical4 ,9 ! autumn ,tun/al & ,w>ham issu$ m&ates = ! collection & surr5d] ( copies4 ,tun/al attack$ x 9 a s]mon at ,/4 ,paul's1 & pr(ess$ to h f\nd ?ree ?\s& errors 9 x4 ,s ! c>d9al & all ! bi%ops decid$ t ! book %\ld be burn$1 :i* 0 vigor\sly c>ri$ out4 ,b ?is 0 all 9 va91 = ! tide 0 fairly fl[+ & x c\ld n be *eck$4 ,a =midable organization 0 ready 9 ,engl& to welcome & circulate ! books4 ,9 proportion to ! viol5ce ) :i* ! cl]gy condemn$ ! books 0 ! e/eem 9 :i* !y 7 held by ^? 9 ,engl& to :om ! light 0 break+4 ,,bi%op ,,( ,,london ,,supplies ,,money ,,to ,,pr9t ,,bibles ,9 #aebi ,bi%op ,tun/al w5t to ,antw]p to seize ,tyndale's ,te/am5ts1 & by a s+ul> co9cid5t ,tyndale also 0 !re & s x happ5$ t "o ,p>k+ton1 :o favor$ ,tyndale1 0 at ,antw]p at ! same "t4 ,on be+ in=m$ by ! bi%op t he w\ld be glad to buy ! ,te/am5ts1 ,p>k+ton told him t1 z he knew ^? :o _h !m = sale1 he c\ld buy e book ( !m t is impr9t$ & is "h unsold4 ,! b>ga9 0 made1 & z has be5 said by ! qua9t *ronicl]3 ,! bi%op1 ?9k+ he _h ,god by ! toe1 :5 inde$ he _h1 z aft] he ?\ght1 ! devil by ! fi/1 said3 ,g5tle ,mr4 ,p>k+ton1 d y\r dilig5ce & get !m2 & ) all my he>t ,i w pay = !m :atsoev] !y co/ y1 = ! books are errone\s & n\ght1 & ,i int5d surely to de/roy !m all1 & to burn !m at ,paul's ,cross4 ,augu/us ,p>k+ton came to ,william ,tyndale1 & said3 ,william1 ,i "k t ?\ art a poor man1 & ha/ a heap ( ,new ,te/am5ts & books by !e1 = :i* ?\ ha/ bo? endang]$ ?y fri5ds & begg>$ ?yself2 & ,i h n[ gott5 !e a m]*ant1 :i*1 ) ready money1 %all dispat* !e ( all ?\ ha/1 if ?\ ?9k x s pr(itable = y\rself4 ,:o is ?is m]*ant8 said ,tyndale4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,london1 said ,p>k+ton4 ,oh1 t is because he w burn !m1 said ,tyndale4 ,yea1 m>ry1 quo? ,p>k+ton4 ,i am ! gladd]1 said ,tyndale1 = ^! two b5efits %all come !re(3 ,i %all get money to br+ myself out ( debt1 & ! :ole _w w cry out aga9/ ! burn+ ( ,god's ,^w2 & ! ov]plus ( ! money t %all rema9 to me %all make me m /udi\s to correct ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & s newly to impr9t ! same once aga91 & ,i tru/ ! second w mu* bett] l y ?an ev] did ! fir/4 ,& s w5t =w>d ! b>ga92 ! bi%op _h ! books2 ,p>k+ton _h ! ?anks1 & ,tyndale _h ! money4 ,aft] ?is1 ,tyndale correct$ ! same ,new ,te/am5t1 & caus$ !m to be newly impr9t$1 s t !y came ?ick & ?reefold ov] into ,engl&4 ,:5 ! bi%op p]ceiv$ t1 he s5t = ,p>k+ton1 & said to him3 ,h[ come? ?is1 t !re are s _m ,new ,te/am5ts abroad8 ,y promis$ me t y w\ld buy !m all4 ,!n said ,p>k+ton3 ,surely1 ,i b\ght all t 7 to be _h1 b ,i p]ceive !y h pr9t$ m s9ce4 ,i see x w nev] be bett] s long z !y h lett]s & /amps2 :]e=e y 7 be/ to buy ! /amps1 too1 & s y %all be sure4 ,at :i* ! bi%op smil$ & s ! matt] end$4 ,x s happ5$ t %ortly aft] ?is t ,george ,con/ant9e 0 appreh5d$ by ,sir ,?omas ,m1 suspect$ ( c]ta9 h]esies4 ,dur+ ! "t he 0 9 cu/ody1 ,m said to him3 ,!re are beyond ! sea ,tyndale1 ,joyce1 & a great _m ( y1 ,i "k !y c n live )\t help1 & ,i pray !e tell me :o !y are t help !m ?us8 ,my "l1 quo? ,con/ant9e1 ,i w tell y truly1 x is ! ,bi%op ( ,london t ha? help$ u1 = he ha? be/[$ among u a great deal ( money ^u ,new ,te/am5ts to burn !m2 & t ha? be51 & yet is1 our only succor & com=t4 ,n[ my tro?1 quo? ,m1 ,i ?9k ev5 ! same1 = s mu* ,i told ! bi%op be=e he w5t ab\t x4 ,,betray$ ,,& ,,murd]$ ,tyndale's enemies endeavor$ to decoy him into ,engl&1 b he 0 too w>y to be s easily entrapp$1 = he well knew :at displeasure ,h5ry ,,viii felt at 8 tract1 call$ ,! ,practice ( ,prelates1 & :at p5alty ! royal indignation w\ld spe$ily inflict4 ,b 8 enemies 9 ,engl&1 ^: p[] _h be5 %ak5 by ! wide circulation ( ! ,engli% ,new ,te/am5t1 7 ! m enrag$ aga9/ him1 & conspir$ to seize him on ! ,cont95t1 9 ! "n ( ! ,emp]or1 & ?r\gh ! trea*]y ( "o ,h5ry ,philips1 a smoo?1 trea*]\s villa91 9 ! employ ( ,/eph5 ,g>d9]1 aft] hav+ invit$ ,tyndale to d9e ) him1 _h him arre/$ & _h him put 9 ! ,/ate prison ( ! ,ca/le ( ,vivorde1 tw5ty-?ree miles f ,antw]p1 ,may #bc1 #aece4 ,! ,engli% m]*ants aggriev$ by ! loss ( an e/eem$ fri5d1 & by ?is trea*]\s assault ( _! rights & privileges1 made e ef=t to secure 8 release1 b all 9 va94 ,! neighbor+ ,univ]sity ( ,l\va9 ?ir/$ = 8 blood4 ,he 0 spe$ily condemn$1 & on ,friday1 ,octob] #f1 #aecf1 he 0 /rangl$ at ! /ake & 8 body !n burn$ to a%es4 ,at ! /ake1 ) a f]v5t zeal & a l\d voice1 he cri$3 ,"l1 op5 ! ,k+ ( ,engl&'s eyes4 ,z an apo/le ( lib]ty1 ,tyndale /&s =emo/ among ! writ]s ( 8 day1 ^: h]oic =titude & inv9cible love ( ! tru? 7 he>d ) a =ce sup]ior to royal & ecclesia/ical injunctions2 & ! v flames to :i* fanaticism & tyranny consign$ 8 writ+s burnt !m into ! v he>ts ( ! p1 & made !m p[]ful in/rum5ts 9 attack+ & conv]t+ multitudes to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,re=mation4 ,x is n exagg]ation to say t ! noble s5tim5ts ( ,william ,tyndale1 utt]$ 9 pure1 /rong1 ,saxon ,engli%1 & /eep$ 9 ! doctr9es ( ! ,gospel1 gave %ape to ! views ( ! mo/ conspicu\s promot]s ( ! great movem5t1 :o1 l himself1 seal$ _! convictions ) _! blood4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,m>t9 ,,lu!r ,not)/&+ ! fact t ! papacy _h univ]sal sway ov] ,europe at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 x mu/ be not$ t1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury on1 !re 7 insurg5ts1 h[ev] v>i$ _! cries & wat*words1 :o 7 p]si/5t 9 _! d5unciation ( ! prie/hood4 ,! hatr$ arose f _! intol]able extortions1 :i* 7 a gall+ burd54 ,:ile ! ti?+ sy/em 0 an intol]able yoke1 ! rapacity ( ! prie/s w5t f> beyond ti!s 9 _! exactions4 ,9 speak+ ( ?is condition1 ,seebohm1 a ,spani% hi/orian1 says3 ,i see t we c sc>cely get any?+ f ,*ri/'s m9i/]s b = money2 at baptism money1 at m>riage money1 at bi%op+ money1 = confession money--no1 n extreme unction )\t money6 ,!y r+ no bells )\t money1 no burials 9 ! ,*ur* )\t money2 s t x seems t ,p>adise is %ut up f !m t h no money4 ,! ri* is buri$ 9 ! *ur*1 ! poor 9 ! *ur*y>d4 ,! ri* man may m>ry 8 ne>e/ k91 b ! poor n s1 albeit he is ready to die = love ( h]4 ,! ri* may eat meat 9 ,l5t1 b ! poor may n1 albeit fi% be mu* de>]4 ,! ri* may readily get l>ge indulg5ces1 b ! poor none1 because he wante? money to pay = !m4 7,! ,era ( ! ,prote/ant ,revolution1 pages #eg1 #eh47 ,all ! ef=ts at re=mation _h always ignom9i\sly fail$1 & ! papacy ) all its abuses _h nev] be5 m p[]ful ?an at ! "t ,john ,tetzel 0 traffick+ 9 indulg5ces4 ,j ?irty-f\r ye>s be=e ?is "t1 ,m>t9 ,lu!r 0 born4 ,8 p>5ts 7 poor1 b x 0 _! desire to give him ! be/ education possible4 ,:5 he 0 f\rte5 ye>s old !y s5t him to s*ool at ,magdeburg1 :]e he reli$ ^u ! lib]ality ( well-mean+ citiz5s to supply 8 ne$s4 ,! tuition 0 free at ,magdeburg1 b ! /ud5ts 7 requir$ to provide _! own lodg+s & meals4 ,! usual cu/om 0 = a company ( poor boys to b& !mselves toge!r & s+ 9 ! front ( ! h\se ( ! weal?y citiz5s4 ,sometimes !y w\ld be invit$ to a meal2 at o!r times !y w\ld receive ! remnants ( a repa/ or at lea/ "s slices ( bread4 ,aft] a ye> _h gone by 8 fa!r decid$ to s5d him to ,eis5a*1 because he hop$ t "s ( 8 relatives w\ld take a k9dly int]e/ 9 him2 b 9 ?is expectation he 0 mi/ak51 = z be=e he 0 compell$ to beg & s+ = 8 bread4 ,_m times "y ,lu!r became s disc\rag$ t he made up 8 m9d to return to 8 home & become a m9] l 8 fa!r4 ,b a v diff]5t life 0 await+ him4 ,:5 he _h acquir$ ! discipl9e result+ f ! long /ruggle ) pov]ty1 a great *ange took place4 ,a ,,fri5d ,,inde$ ,"o day1 aft] hav+ be5 h>%ly treat$ at ?ree h\ses1 he 0 prep>+ to return fa/+ to 8 lodg+s2 he /opp$ motionless 9 front ( a h\se & reflect$1 ,mu/ ,i = ! want ( food give up my /udies & return ) my fa!r 9 ! m9es8 :5 sudd5ly a door op5s & ,madame ,ursula ,cotta1 ! wife ( a weal?y m]*ant1 /ood on ! ?re%old4 ,%e _h he>d ! h>% words t _h be5 address$ to him1 &1 see+ him /&+ ?us sadly be=e h] door1 %e came to 8 aid1 beckon$ to him to ent]1 & gave him food to satisfy 8 hung]4 ,%e & h] husb& took a lik+ to him1 & (f]$ him a place at _! table & 9 _! family1 :]e he rema9$ = ?ree ye>s4 ,?us 7 br\ght into 8 life ! influ5ces ( g5tl5ess & ref9em5t4 ,a new life n[ op5$ to him4 ,free f c>e & anxiety z to 8 su/5ance1 he 0 able to devote 8 :ole "t to 8 /udies4 ,"h noble influ5ces1 v necess>y = 8 future "w1 surr\nd$ him1 tea*+ him ! f9e & g5tle traits ( good bre$+ t elevat$ life above ! /ruggle = m]e exi/5ce & gave to x its peculi> *>m4 ,! /r5g? ( 8 und]/&+1 ! livel9ess ( 8 imag9ation1 ! excell5ce ( 8 memory1 soon c>ri$ him beyond all 8 s*ool fell[s4 ,^! ye>s ( 8 s*ool p]iod contribut$ mu* t[>ds promot+ t high] education :i* 8 fa!r 0 s v anxi\s t he %\ld obta94 ,?us furni%$1 9 ! summ] ( #aeja1 9 8 eighte5? ye>1 he ent]$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,erfurt4 ,"h he appli$ himself dilig5tly & made rapid progress4 ,he did n m]ely /udy to cultivate 8 intellect4 ,he _h s]i\s ?\ghts ab\t ,god1 & f]v5tly invok$ ! div9e bless+s to re/ ^u 8 labors4 ,he pass$ all ! "t t he c\ld possibly sp>e f 8 /udies 9 ! univ]sity libr>y4 ,books 7 v sc>ce1 & x 0 a great privilege = him to h access to ! great collection ( books !re br\ght toge!r4 ,aft] hav+ be5 9 ! univ]sity = two ye>s1 "o day1 to 8 great surprise & delight1 he f\nd a copy ( ! ,bible1 ! fir/ t he _h ev] se54 ,8 int]e/ 0 greatly excit$4 ,he 0 fill$ ) a/oni%m5t at f9d+ o!r matt]s ?an ^? fragm5ts ( ! ,gospels & ,epi/les t ! ,*ur* _h select$ to be read to ! p dur+ public wor%ip ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,until ?is day he _h imag9$ t !y compos$ ! :ole ,^w ( ,god4 ,& n[ he sees s mu* ( :i* he _h nev] ?\ght6 ,) eag]ness & great emotion he turn$ its pages4 ,! fir/ passage on :i* he fix$ 8 att5tion 0 ! /ory ( ,hannah & ,samuel1 :i* gave him unb\nd$ joy4 ,he return$ to 8 room ) a full he>t1 say+1 ,oh1 t ,god w\ld give me su* a book = myself6 ,! copy ( ! ,bible t _h fill$ him ) s mu* joy 0 9 ,lat94 ,aft] ?is he return$ to ! libr>y aga9 & aga9 to pore ov] ?is wond]ful treasure1 & ?us ! glimm]+s ( new tru? 7 beg9n+ to dawn ^u 8 m9d4 ,9 t ,bible ! ,re=mation lay hid4 ,,becomes ,a ,,monk ,lu!r's fa!r requir$ him to /udy law4 ,at consid]able exp5se ! necess>y books _h be5 pur*as$1 & he _h begun to att5d lectures on jurisprud5ce2 b = ! call+ he _h no love2 & yet1 f a s5se ( ob$i5ce to 8 fa!r1 he felt x 8 duty to foll[ ! pa? he _h prescrib$4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 frequ5tly di/urb$ by ! ?\ght ( ! endang]$ spiritual condition ( ^? :o foll[$ ! legal pr(ession4 ,?is conflict quick5$ )9 him ! s5se ( 8 relation to ! high] law1 on :i* 8 ob$i5ce to 8 fa!r 0 bas$4 ,! sudd5 dea? ( a fri5d foll[$ %ortly aft]w>d by a n>r[ escape f dea? by lightn+1 9 a =e/ on ! way betwe5 ,erfurt & ,eisleb51 det]m9$ him to obey :at he !n reg>d$ z ! comm&s ( high] law4 ,t]rifi$ by ! viol5ce ( ! /orm t 0 rag+ ar\nd him1 & especially by ! bolts ( lightn+ t 7 cra%+ ?r\gh ! trees1 address+ "o ( ! patron sa9ts ( 8 *ildhood1 he cri$ out3 ,help me1 de> ,sa9t ,anna1 ,i w be a monk6 ,! v[ ?us made 0 fai?fully p]=m$4 ,two weeks lat]1 ,july #af1 #aeje1 he invit$ 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds to a *e]ful b frugal supp]4 ,= ! la/ "t he det]m9$ to enjoy music & song4 ,! decision once made all sadness 0 gone4 ,8 int5tion 0 to tell no "o ( 8 decision1 b at ! v mom5t 8 gue/s 7 giv+ way to _! gayety1 he c\ld no long] control ! s]i\s ?\ghts t fill$ 8 m9d4 ,!y endeavor$ to dissuade him f 8 purpose1 b all 9 va94 ,sorr[fully !y accompani$ him ! next morn+ to ! ,augu/9ian cloi/] locat$ 9 ! t[n1 :]e he knock$ = admission4 ,z !y op5$1 he ent]$4 ,:5 ! heavy portals ( ! mona/]y clos$ beh9d him1 & ! b>s 7 fa/5$ aga91 he _h no idea b t he 0 sep>at$ f ! _w =ev]4 ,! great /ruggle 0 at an end4 ,0 8 s\l satisfi$8 ,_h he f\nd t = :i* he 0 look+--! peace t passe? all und]/&+8 ,we %all see 9 our next4 ,lu!r 0 receiv$ among ! novices ( ! mona/]y ) sacr$ hymns1 pray]s & o!r solemnities4 ,aft] ?is he 0 giv5 ov] to ! c>e ( ! ma/] ( ! novices1 ^: duty x 0 to initiate !m into ! practices ( ! mona/ic sanctity1 to obs]ve _! actual conduct1 & to wat* ov] _! s\ls4 ,above all ?+s1 ! w ( ! novices 7 to be entirely brok54 ,!y 7 to le>n t ev]y?+ enjo9$ ^u !m 0 to be p]=m$ )\t ! lea/ resi/ance1 & ev5 to be ! m will+ to r5d] ob$i5ce ! m x 0 aga9/ _! own disposition & ta/e4 ,incl9ation to pride 0 to be ov]come by impos+ ^u !m ! meane/ s]vices4 ,s at ! v beg9n+ ( ,lu!r's mona/ic life he 0 compell$ to p]=m ! mo/ degrad+ "w 9 sweep+ & scrubb+1 & x af=d$ ^? envi\s ( him peculi> pleasure :5 he1 ! hi!rto pr\d "y ma/]1 0 ord]$1 ) a sack ^u 8 %\ld]s1 to beg ?r\gh ! t[n 9 company ) a m exp]i5c$ bro!r4 ,he did n %irk f ^! s]vices2 b ev5 desir$ to p]=m self-mortify+ duties1 s t he might ! m des]ve ,god's favors4 ,( ^! days ,lu!r says3 ,i *ose = myself tw5ty-"o sa9ts1 read mass e day1 call+ on ?ree ( !m ea* day1 s z to complete ! circuit e week2 especially did ,i invoke ! ,holy ,virg91 z h] womanly he>t 0 m easily t\*$1 t %e might appease h] ,son4 ,i v]ily ?\ght t by invok+ ?ree sa9ts daily1 & by lett+ my body wa/e away ) fa/+s & wat*+s1 ,i %\ld satisfy ! law1 & %ield my consci5ce aga9/ ! goad2 b x all avail$ me no?+3 ! fur!r ,i w5t on 9 ?is way ! m ,i 0 t]rifi$4 ,f ?is we see t ,lu!r subject$ himself to e possible =m ( discipl9e & mortification4 ,he 0 a model ( monki% piety4 ,he says1 ,if ev] a monk got to heav5 by monk]y1 ,i w\ld h gott5 !re4 ,no "o c\ld surpass him 9 pray]s by day & night1 9 fa/+1 9 vigils1 self-discipl9e & self-mortification1 & yet--_h he f\nd :at 8 s\l 0 look+ =8 ,!re is no mi/ake4 ,he is z f> f peace ( consci5ce z ev]4 ,he read ! ,bible1 b a veil 0 be=e 8 eyes4 ,*ri/ 0 /ill to 8 m9d a m]ciless judge4 ,! righte\sness ( ,god1 :i*1 accord+ to ,paul1 0 reveal$ 9 ! ,gospel1 he took to mean ! righte\sness :i* metes out j puni%m5t4 ,f9ally1 ,john ,/aupitz1 ! vic>-g5]al ( ! ,augu/9ian ord]1 a man ( sympa!tic nature1 & "o :o possess$ 9 a s+ul> degree ! p[] to disc]n & appreciate ! ne$s ( :omsoev] appli$ to him = aid1 came to 8 rescue4 ,look+ into ! hagg>d face ( ,lu!r1 he said3 ,bro!r1 y mu/ obey ,god & believe 9 =giv5ess4 ,y h altoge!r a wrong idea ( ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ does n t]rify2 8 (fice is to com=t4 ,y mu/ make up y\r m9d t y are a v s9n]1 & t ,*ri/ is a v ,savior4 ,^! 7 />t+ po9ts = new curr5ts ( ?\ght4 ,!y %$ light ^u _m passages ( scripture4 ,= days & weeks ,lu!r pond]$ ov] ^! words3 ,! ,gospel is ! p[] ( ,god unto salvation to e "o t believe?2 444 ,= !re9 is reveal$ a righte\sness ( ,god f fai? unto fai?3 z x is writt51 ,b ! righte\s %all live by fai? 7,rom4 #a3af1 #ag74 ,_m ye>s aft] receiv+ ?is help1 ,lu!r wrote3 ,if ,dr4 ,/aupitz1 or1 r1 ,god1 ?r\gh ,dr4 ,/aupitz1 _h n aid$ me 9 ?is1 ,i w\ld h be5 long s9ce 9 hell4 ,lu!r n[ devot$ himself e>ne/ly to ! /udy ( !ology4 ,among o!r writ+s1 he read ^? ( ,augu/9e m frequ5tly & fix$ !m m ?or\ghly 9 8 memory ?an any o!rs4 ,9 #aejh 8 s*ol>%ip receiv$ ackn[l$gem5t by a call to ! *air ( philosophy 9 ! newly-f\nd$ ,univ]sity ( ,witt5burg4 ,z a pr(essor he made rapid progress1 & soon rea*$ a position ( great responsibility & influ5ce4 ,,makes ,a ,,pilgrimage ,,to ,,rome ,to make a pilgrimage to ,rome2 to confess 9 ! ,holy ,city all 8 s9s committ$ f e>ly y\?2 to visit ! _m sacr$ places1 sacr$ to ! memory ( sa9ts & m>tyrs2 to avail himself ( ! ri* influ5ces (f]$ !re2 to read mass 9 ,rome--_h be5 a long-*]i%$ hope ( ! "y monk4 ,h>dly _h he d>$ to look = its realization4 ,b all ( a sudd5 he 0 s5t by ,/aupitz to ,rome to assi/ 9 ! settlem5t ( "s difficulties :i* _h aris5 9 ! managem5t ( ! mona/ic ord]4 ,on foot1 f mona/]y to mona/]y1 he & 8 companion w5t across ! ,alps1 & by ! picturesque pla9 ( ,lomb>dy pass$ into ,italy4 ,ev]y:]e 8 eyes 7 op5$1 & important lessons = ! future 7 le>n$4 ,! fir/ sight ( ,rome inspir$ him ) great en?usiasm4 ,x 0 a great mom5t to him4 ,he fell ^u ! gr\nd1 &1 ) out/ret*$ h&s1 exclaim$1 ,hail1 ?\ ,holy ,city6 ,! visit cont9u$ f\r weeks1 giv+ him ample "t to see ! ru9s ( ! ,colosseum1 ! ,ba?s ( ,dioclesian1 ! ,pan!on1 & o!r rema9s ( pa/ glory4 ,he visit$ also ! catacombs & o!r places made sacr$ by ! suff]+s ( m>tyrs1 &1 above all1 ^? *ur*es & %r9es :]e special grace c\ld be obta9$4 ,! *ief attraction1 h[ev]1 0 n t ( sight-see+1 b ! spiritual bless+s t he hop$ to receive4 ,x 0 8 purpose to make :ile !re an unres]v$ confession ( all ! s9s t he _h ev] committ$4 ,al?\gh he _h made su* confession twice be=e at ,erfurt1 he expect$ an especial bless+ f ! same confession1 if made 9 ! ,holy ,city4 ,mass he celebrat$ a numb] ( times1 & actually wi%$ t 8 p>5ts 7 dead1 because1 by su* s]vices at ,rome1 he ?\ght t he c\ld h be5 able to deliv] !m f purgatory4 ,b 9 all ?is he f\nd no satisfaction = 8 m9d2 on ! contr>y1 !re 0 ar\s$ 9 him a consci\sness ( ano!r way to salvation :i* _h previ\sly tak5 root 9 8 he>t4 ,:ile he 0 pa9fully climb+ on 8 knees 9 dev\t pray] ! /eps ( ! id5tical /aircase1 z 0 sup]/iti\sly believ$1 :i* =m]ly l$ up to ! palace ( ,pilate 9 ,j]usalem--9 ord] to receive ! ri* bless+s promis$ by sev]al popes ^u all :o w\ld p]=m ?is m]itori\s de$--aga9 & aga9 z he /ruggl$ up ! /airway1 ! words ( ,paul--! j %all live by fai?--came to him z ?\gh utt]$ 9 tones ( ?und]4 ,b ,lu!r nev] became s5sible ( any bless+4 ,ev5 ,rome did n give to 8 s\l ! peace = :i* he long$4 ,on ! contr>y1 8 soj\rn 9 ! ,holy ,city1 brief ?\gh x 01 suffic$ to conv9ce him t ,rome c\ld nev] supply ! ne$s ( 8 spiritual nature4 ,! high ideals ( ! sanctity ( ! wor%ip ( ! sa9tly life ( ! pope & ! o!r ecclesia/ical dignit>ies1 :i* fill$ 8 own s\l ) aspirations & /imulat$ him to l endeavors1 7 rudely %att]$4 ,:at he saw & he>d 9 ,rome 0 ! v opposite ( :at he _h expect$4 ,in/ead ( piety he f\nd levity2 in/ead ( hol9ess he met lascivi\sness2 in/ead ( see+ pure spirituality1 he beheld no?+ b c>nal-m9d$ness1 gre$ & self-seek+4 ,religion 0 b ! cloak :i* cov]$ up ! %ame & vice4 ,! :ite g>m5ts ( ! ,*ur* 7 pollut$ ) ! /a9s ( ! mo/ disgraceful & c>nal mann] ( liv+4 ,:]ev] he turn$ he saw hypocrisy & s94 ,ev]y?+ t 0 to him an object ( holy adoration 0 made ! butt ( blasphem\s je/s4 ,( ! impressions made on 8 m9d he wrote3 ,nobody c =m an idea ( ! lic5ti\sness1 vice & %ame t is 9 vogue 9 ,rome4 ,nobody w\ld believe x unless he c\ld see x ) 8 own eyes & he> x ) 8 own e>s4 ,rome 0 once ! holie/ city1 n[ x is ! vile/4 ,x is true :at has be5 said1 ,if !re be a hell1 ,rome mu/ be built ov] x4 ,yet 9 spite ( all he saw & he>d1 he lov$ ! gr& old ,*ur* ) all 8 he>t4 ,he did n return f ,rome an enemy ( ! ,*ur*1 nor ev5 int5d+ to re=m x4 ,b if ev] a man left ! ,holy ,city ?ru/ d[n f ! heights ( zeal & en?usiasm to ! v dep?s ( despair1 w\nd$ & cru%$ 9 _s1 x 0 ! pla91 hone/ ,lu!r4 ,?is exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 0 b ano!r /ep 9 8 prep>ation1 = he says3 ,i w\ld n take a ?\s& flor9s = miss+ t visit to ,rome4 ,i w\ld con/antly fe> t ,i _h wrong$ ! pope4 ,b n[ ,i c speak ( :at ,i h se5 myself4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,!ology ,,at ,,witt5burg ,:5 ,lu!r return$ f ,rome to ,witt5burg 9 ! e>ly summ] ( #aeab1 ,/aupitz s5t him to ,erfurt to complete 8 tra9+ = ! doctorate 9 !ology4 ,8 advancem5t 0 s rapid t by ! "t he rea*$ 8 tw5ty-n9? ye> he f\nd himself n only in/all$ 9 a pr(essor%ip ( ,!ology at ,witt5burg1 b also ) ! ma9 responsibility re/+ ^u him = all in/ruction t 0 to be giv54 ,f t "t ! pres5ce ( ,/aupitz 0 n frequ5t4 ,9 ?is position he did n hesitate to break ?r\gh all traditional modes ( !ological in/ruction4 ,lu!r 0 /ill a g5u9e monk1 ) no d\bt ( 8 vocation4 ,he became ! sub-prior ( ! ,witt5burg ,mona/]y 9 #aeab1 & 0 made di/rict vic> ov] elev5 mona/]ies 9 #aeae4 ,^! adm9i/rative duties occasion$ frequ5t int]ruptions ( 8 pr(essional & lit]>y labors4 ,x 0 8 duty1 by means ( visitations & frequ5t correspond5ce1 to le>n ! condition & decide conc]n+ ! necessities ( ea* mona/]y & its inmates4 ,! already ?or\ghly occupi$ pr(essor 0 ?us call$ to a truly pa/oral c>e ( an ext5sive & difficult field4 ,to e "o 9 d\bts & p]plexities1 l ^? :i* agitat$ him1 he s\ght to give ! full b5efit ( 8 exp]i5ce4 ,s f> z ! record %[s1 ,lu!r fir/ he>d ( ,tetzel 9 #aeaf1 j z he 0 beg9n+ 8 visitation ( ! *ur*es4 ,x 0 report$ to him t ,tetzel 0 mak+ a great noise1 & "s ( 8 extravagant s5tim5ts1 :i* ,i h already quot$1 7 relat$ to him1 & :5 he he>d ?is he indignantly exclaim$1 ,if ,god p]mit1 ,i w make a hole 9 8 drum6 ,%ortly aft] ?is he gave w>n+1 n aga9/ indulg5ces1 b :at he reg>d$ _! abuse4 ,:at %\ld be reg>d$ ) all rev]5ce1 said he1 has become a horrid means ( pamp]+ av>ice1 s9ce x is n ! salvation ( s\ls1 b solely pecuni>y pr(it t is 9 view4 ,he ju/ifi$ ! int5tions ( ! pope1 b *>g$ t ,tetzel _h mis9t]pret$ & misappli$ !m4 ,9 a s]mon deliv]$ ,febru>y #bd1 #aeag1 he gr[s 9 sev]ity4 ,indulg5ces1 he decl>$1 are tea*+ ! p to dread ! puni%m5t ( s91 in/ead ( s9 itself4 ,if x 7 n to escape ! puni%m5t = s91 no "o w\ld c>e ab\t indulg5ces1 ev5 if (f]$ gratuit\sly4 ,z ,tetzel drew ne> to ,witt5burg1 attract+ l>g] cr[ds to 8 prea*+1 & z "s ov] :om ,lu!r _h spiritual jurisdiction s\ght to excuse !mselves f wor%ip+ ( relict & ( engag+ 9 revolt+ s9s by produc+ lett]s ( indulg5ce obta9$ f ,tetzel1 he c\ld n1 by sil5ce1 connive at :at w\ld h c>ri$ ) x ! violation ( 8 fidelity z a spiritual guide4 ,/ill x 0 only aft] mu* hesitation1 aft] _m ( 8 fri5ds _h urg$ him to int]f]e1 & 9 deep di/ress ( m9d1 t he resolv$ to prote/4 ,:5 he _h det]m9$ to d some?+ he w5t ab\t ! matt] ) a mixture ( caution & c\rage4 ,,! ,,n9ety-,,five ,,!ses ,! ,*ur* ( ,all-,sa9ts 9 ,witt5burg _h always be5 intimately connect$ ) ! univ]sity2 its doors 7 us$ z bo>ds on :i* to publi% important academic docum5ts2 & notices ( public disputations1 common en\gh at ! "t1 _h frequ5tly appe>$ !re4 ,! day ( ! ye> :i* drew ! l>ge/ conc\rse ( t[nsm5 & /rang]s to ! *ur* 0 ,all-,sa9ts ,day1 s on ! day be=e1 ,octob] #ca1 #aeag1 ,lu!r nail$ ! ,n9ety-five ,!ses prote/+ aga9/ :at he reg>d$ z ! abuse ( indulg5ces1 to ! door ( ! *ur*4 ,cr[ds ( eag] /ud5ts ga!r$ = h\rs be=e ! door ( ! *ur*1 int5t ^u read+ & copy+ ! s5sational docum5t4 ,! fir/ effect ^u ^? ne>e/ ,lu!r 0 /unn+4 ,:atev] _! abhorr5ce ( ! me?ods ( ,tetzel1 & _! dissatisfaction ( ! :ole sy/em :i* admitt$ ( su* manife/ abuses1 ! impression 0 t he _h spok5 inadvis$ly4 ,8 colleagues 7 appreh5sive ( ! results = ! univ]sity4 ,! ,augu/9ian monks saw ! /ake 9 ! =egr\nd1 & dread$ ! disgrace :i* ,lu!r's pres5ce among !m w\ld ca/ ^u _! ord]4 ,= ! mom5t1 ,lu!r /ood alone at ,witt5burg1 b copies ( ! ,lat9 orig9al & translations ( x into ,g]man 7 s5t to ! univ]sity pr9t+ h\se & ! presses c\ld n pr9t !m fa/ en\gh to meet ! dem& :i* came f all p>ts ( ,g]many1 & 9 f\r weeks !y 7 diffus$ ?r\gh\t all ,*ri/5dom1 z ?\gh ! angels 7 ! po/m54 ,! result 0 unexpect$ & />tl+ to ,lu!r4 ,_m approv$ ,lu!r's c\rse1 say+ t ! man :o 0 to break ! tyranny ( ! papacy _h aris54 ,9 ! meantime ! opposition 0 indu/ri\sly ga!r+ its =ces1 b ! controv]sy increas$ ! popul>ity ( ! !ses4 ,lu!r 0 summon$ to ,rome to answ] = 8 attack on ! ,indulg5ce sy/em4 ,to h disobey$ w\ld h meant dea?4 ,?is p]emptory summons 0 con/ru$ z an affront to ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5burg4 ,! (ficials ( ! univ]sity int]f]$1 ) ! result t ! summons to ,rome 0 cancel$ & x 0 arrang$ t ! matt] 0 to be left 9 ! h&s ( ! ,papal ,legate ,cajetan 9 ,g]many1 & ,lu!r 0 ord]$ to pres5t himself be=e ! (ficial at ,augsburg4 ,! int]view 0 n satisfactory4 ,! c>d9al dem&$ t ,lu!r %\ld recant 8 h]esies )\t any argum5t4 ,:5 press$ to say :at ! h]esies 71 he nam$ ! /atem5t 9 fifty-eigh? !sis t ! m]its ( ,*ri/ "w effectually )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! pope1 & t :i* said t ! sacram5ts are n efficaci\s ap>t f fai? 9 ! recipi5t4 ,!re 0 "s discussion1 not)/&+ ! c>d9al's decl>ation2 b 9 ! end ,lu!r 0 ord]$ to recant or dep>t4 ,lu!r appeal$ to a g5]al c\ncil & return$ to ,witt5burg4 ,on return+ to ,witt5burg ,lu!r's fir/ task 0 to prep>e = ! press an acc\nt ( 8 int]view ) ,c>d9al ,cajetan1 ! pope's repres5tative at ,augsburg4 ,he 0 c>eful to take ! p ( ,g]many into 8 confid5ce1 & publi%$ an acc\nt ( e important int]view he _h2 ?us ! p 7 able to foll[ him /ep by /ep1 & he 0 nev] s f> 9 advance t !y 7 unable to see 8 footpr9ts4 ,! imm$iate effect ( ! report 0 an imm5se outbur/ ( sympa?y = him4 ,soon aft] ! int]view at ,augsburg1 ! papal c\rt rea*$ ! conclusion t x w\ld be to _! int]e/ to w9 him by compromise & k9dness4 ,miltitz1 a papal *amb]la91 0 s5t to ,g]many4 ,on rea*+ !re he f\nd t ! /ate ( matt]s 0 undreamt ( at ! papal c\rt4 ,he saw t ,cajetan _h nev] p]ceiv$ t he _h n only to deal ) ,lu!r1 b ) ! sl[ movem5t ( ! ,g]man nation4 ,he f\nd t ?ree out ( five ( ! p /ood ) ,lu!r4 ,he wisely resolv$ t he w\ld see bo? ,lu!r & ,tetzel privately be=e produc+ 8 cr$5tials4 ,tetzel he c\ld n see1 = x 0 dang]\s = him to /ir f 8 conv5t1 s greatly 0 he 9 dang] f viol5ce ( ! p4 ,on meet+ ,lu!r1 he at once dis[n$ ! spee*es ( ,tetzel2 %[$ t he 0 n pleas$ ) ,cajetan's me?ods ( action2 & s prevail$ on ,lu!r t he promis$ to write a submissive lett] to ! pope1 to advise ! p to rev]5ce ! ,roman ,*ur*1 & to say t indulg5ces 7 useful 9 ! remission ( canonical p5ances4 ,! lett] 0 actually writt5 & ! language is replete ) expressions ( condesc5sion1 & x exalts ! ,roman ,*ur* above ev]y?+ b ,*ri/ himself4 ,he also promis$ to discont9ue ! controv]sy if 8 oppon5ts w\ld d ! same4 ,b ,miltitz 0 n support$ by ! ,roman c\rt1 & he _h also to reckon ) ,john ,eck1 :o 0 burn+ ) a desire to vanqui% ,lu!r 9 a public discussion4 ,! "t betwe5 8 int]view at ,augsburg & ! discussion ) ! va+lori\s ,john ,eck 0 sp5t by ,lu!r 9 h>d & disquiet+ /udies4 ,8 oppon5ts _h confront$ him ) ! pope's absolute supremacy 9 all ecclesia/ical matt]s1 & ?is 0 "o ( 8 olde/ inh]it$ beliefs4 ,! ,roman ,*ur* _h be5 = him ! pope's h\se1 9 :i* ! pope 0 ! h\se-fa!r1 to :om all ob$i5ce 0 due4 ,x 0 h>d = him to ?9k o!rwise4 ,he re-exam9$ 8 convictions ab\t ju/ify+ & attempt$ to trace cle>ly _! consequ5ces1 & :e!r !y did lead to 8 decl>ations ab\t ! efficacy ( indulg5ces4 ,he came to no o!r conclusion4 ,he also inve/igat$ ! evid5ce = ! papal claim ( absolute au?ority1 & f\nd t x re/$ on ! /r5g? ( a collection ( decretals _m ( :i* 7 pla9ly =g]ies4 ,"u ! comb9$ influ5ce ( hi/orical /udy1 ( ! op9ions ( ! e>ly *ur* fa!rs1 & ( ! ,holy ,scriptures1 "o ( 8 olde/ l&m>ks crumbl$ to pieces4 ,8 m9d 0 9 a :irl ( d\bt4 ,he 0 half-exultant & half-t]rifi$ at ! result ( 8 /udies2 & 8 correspond5ce %[s h[ 8 m9d *ang$ f week to week4 ,x 0 :ile he 0 ?us 'on ! s)]1' tremul\sly on ! balance1 t ,john ,eck *all5g$ him to dispute at ,leipzig on ! primacy & supremacy ( ! ,roman pontiff4 ,lu!r accept$ ! *all5ge1 ?9k+ t ! discussion might cle> ! air1 & might enable him to see m cle>ly :]e he /ood4 ,,debates ,,) ,,john ,,eck ,,& ,,burns ,,! ,,papal ,,bull ,! discussion began ,june #bg? & clos$ ,july #ae1 #aeai4 ,?is is ! fir/ "t ,lu!r ev] met a controv]siali/ ( ,european fame4 ,eck came to ,leipzig f 8 triumphs at ! great debates at ,vi5na & ,bologna1 & 0 & felt himself to be ! h]o ( ! occasion4 ,eck's int5tion 0 to =ce 8 oppon5t to make "s decl>ation :i* w\ld ju/ify him 9 *>g+ ,lu!r ) be+ a p>tisan ( ! m$ieval h]etics1 & especially ( ! ,hussites4 ,he cont9ually l$ ! debate away to ! ,wald5ses1 ! ,wycliffites1 & ! ,bohemians4 ,! audi5ce 0 sway$ ) a wave ( excitem5t :5 ,lu!r 0 gradually =c$ to admit t ! ,hussite doctr9es are n all wrong4 ,?r\gh\t ! debate ,eck's deportm5t 0 t ( a man /riv+ to ov]come 8 oppon5t r ?an "o /riv+ to w9 a victory = ! tru?4 ,!re 0 z mu* sophi/ry z good reason+ 9 8 argum5ts2 he cont9ually misquot$ ,lu!r's words or gave !m a mean+ !y 7 n int5d$ to convey4 ,triumphant1 laud$ by 8 fri5ds1 & recomp5s$ ) favor & honor by ,duke ,george1 ,eck dep>t$ f ! debate4 ,he _h done :at he _h meant to d4 ,he _h made ,lu!r decl>e himself4 ,9 8 e/imation1 all t 0 ne$$ 0 a papal bull aga9/ ,lu!r1 & ! _w w\ld be rid ( ano!r pe/il5t h]etic4 ,he _h made him ! c5tral figure ar\nd :i* all ! smold]+ discont5t c\ld ga!r4 ,z = ,lu!r1 he return$ to ,witt5b]g1 disgu/$ & full ( melan*oly =ebod+4 ,?is did n prev5t him prep>+ & publi%+ = 8 p an acc\nt ( ! discussion1 :i* 0 eag]ly read & ga9$ = him great favor4 ,9 "s respects ! ,leipzig debate 0 ! mo/ important po9t 9 ! c>e] ( ,lu!r4 ,x made him see = ! fir/ "t :at lay 9 8 opposition to indulg5ces4 ,x made ! p see x1 too4 ,8 attack 0 no criticism1 z he _h at fir/ ?\ght1 ( a m]e excresc5ce on ! m$ieval eccle/ia/ical sy/em4 ,he _h /ruck at its c5t]3 at its ideas ( prie/ly m$iation :i* d5i$ ! "r ( e believ] to imm$iate entrance into ! v pres5ce ( ,god4 ,great m5 n[ came to ! support ( ,lu!r1 includ+ ,philip ,melan*?on1 "o ( ! greate/ s*ol>s ( ! age4 ,! conflict betwe5 ,rome & ,lu!r became "o ( life & dea?4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aebj1 ,eck aga9 appe>$ 9 ,g]many ) a papal bull aga9/ ,lu!r1 dat$ ,june #ae?4 ,x condemn$ z h]esies =ty-"o propositions extract$ f 8 writ+s1 ord]$ 8 works to be burn$ :]ev] !y 7 f\nd1 & summon$ him on pa9 ( excommunication1 to confess & retract 8 errors )9 sixty days1 & to ?r[ himself ^u ! m]cy ( ! pope4 ,?is bull fight br\ght ,lu!r to a /ep decisive beyond recall4 ,he met ?is ?reat ( viol5ce ) un%akable c\rage4 ,he at once c>ri$ ! w> into ! he>t ( ! enemy's t]ritory4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( a va/ multitude ( all ranks & ord]s1 he burn$ ! papal bull1 & ) x ! decree1 ! decretals1 ! ,clem5t9es1 & extravagants1 ! entire code ( ,romi% canon law1 z ! root ( all ! evil1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aebj4 ,:5 ! news spread t a poor monk _h burnt ! pope's bull1 a ?rill w5t ?r\gh ,g]many1 &1 inde$1 ?r\gh\t all ,europe4 ,papal bulls _h be5 burnt be=e ,lu!r's day1 b ! actors _h = ! mo/ "p be5 p[]ful mon>*s4 ,?is "t x 0 done by a monk ) no?+ b 8 fai? & c\rage to back him4 ,rome _h n[ done its utmo/ to get rid ( ,lu!r by ecclesia/ical measures1 & _h fail$4 ,if he 0 to be ov]?r[n1 if ! new religi\s movem5t & ! national upris+ :i* indors$ x 7 to be /ifl$1 ?is c\ld only be done by ! aid ( ! supreme secul> au?ority4 ,! ,roman c\rt n[ turn$ att5tion to ! emp]or4 ,emp]or ,maximilian di$ ,janu>y #ab1 #aeai1 & aft] "s mon?s ( papal intrigu+1 8 gr&son1 ,*>les1 ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 0 *os5 to be 8 successor4 ,tr\bles 9 ,spa9 prev5t$ 8 leav+ t c\ntry at once to take possession ( 8 new dignities4 ,he 0 f9ally cr[n$ on ,octob] #bj1 #aebj1 & op5$ 8 fir/ ,g]man diet1 at ,worms1 ,janu>y #bb1 #aeba4 ,aft] ! coronation1 & especially aft] ! burn+ ( ! pope's bull1 e /ep 0 t[>d ,worms4 ,! decision ( ! ,roman c\rt _h n settl$ ! case z to ,lu!r2 ! bull 0 sl[ 9 gett+ itself execut$2 v _m ?\ght x 7 bett] n execut$4 ,m5's m9ds 7 n at re/--!y wi%$ = "s o!r tribunal to :i* ! case might be ref]r$2 9 ! abs5ce ( a g5]al c\ncil1 ! highe/ au?ority 9 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 !y ?\ght ( ! emp]or & ! diet1 ! highe/ au?ority 9 ! ,/ate4 ,b if ,lu!r 7 to appe> be=e ! diet1 x 0 n at all cle> :at ! diet 0 to dem& ( him or to d ) him4 ,!re 0 no ne$ t judgm5t %\ld be pass$ ^u him2 ! pope _h already condemn$ him4 ,x 0 n necess>y t ! diet %\ld ord] 8 execution2 ! bull made x ! duty ( any pr9ce to d t )\t any ord]4 ,he might be requir$ to retract 8 tea*+1 b t _h already be5 done by ! bull4 ,if ! diet %\ld und]take to he> 8 cause1 t w\ld be a virtual d5ial ( ! pope's supremacy1 & an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! ju/ice ( ,lu!r's compla9t t he _h be5 condemn$ unhe>d4 ,bo? p>ties felt t = ! diet to d any?+ 0 a reflection on ! pope2 & yet x 0 evid5tly necess>y = ! diet to d some?+4 ,! emp]or1 too1 felt ! difficulty4 ,he 0 a politician f 8 y\?1 & 8 conduct t[>d ! pope1 ev5 f ! fir/1 0 affect$ by political consid]ations2 b ap>t f ^! ?+s1 !re 0 suffici5t reason = 8 hesitation & vacillation4 ,he 0 influ5c$ n[ by "o p>ty n[ by ! o!r or1 z is likely1 n[ by 8 own indep5d5t judgm5t & n[ by :at seem$ to be requir$ ( him by 8 position z ! civil head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,on ,novemb] #bh1 #aebj1 he wrote to ! ,elector ( ,saxony1 direct+ him to br+ ,lu!r to ,worms1 9 ord] to give him !re a full he>+ be=e ! le>n$ & compet5t p]sons1 & promis+ t no h>m %\ld come to him2 9 ! meantime1 ! elector 0 to require ( ,lu!r to write no?+ aga9/ ! pope4 ,! emp]or 0 act+ on ! sugge/ion ( ! elector1 b betwe5 ! "t ( ?is sugge/ion & ! "t ( ! elector's receiv+ ! lett] ?+s _h be5 *ang$--by ! burn+ ( 8 books he _h be5 treat$ z a condemn$ h]etic4 ,?is (f5d$ ! elector1 & he wrote ! emp]or decl9+ to require ,lu!r's pres5ce at ! diet4 ,! emp]or1 too1 _h *ang$2 he _h begun to realize t ,lu!r 0 "u ! papal ban1 & t any place 9 :i* he might be 0 decl>$ "u ! int]dict4 ,lu!r1 !re=e1 c\ld n be p]mitt$ to come to ,worms4 ,if he w\ld n retract :at he _h said aga9/ ! papacy he 0 to /ay at home until ! emp]or %\ld h opportunity to conf] ) ! elector p]sonally4 ,,be=e ,,! ,,diet ,,( ,,worms ,! diet met on ,janu>y #bb1 #aeba1 & on ,febru>y #aj? !re came a brief f ,rome mak+ f9al ,lu!r's excommunication1 urg+ 8 condemnation by ! diet & emp]or4 ,b !re 0 evid5t reluctance to proce$ aga9/ him2 some?+ might be accompli%$ by negotiations4 ,! pope _h select$ ,m>9o ,c>raccioli & ,j]ome ,ale&] to wait on ! "y emp]or & to repres5t 8 case be=e ! diet4 ,ale&] 0 a cle>sight$1 c\rage\s & indefatigable diplomati/1 a pure worldl+1 a man ( indiff]5t morals1 :o believ$ t e man _h 8 price1 & t law & selfi% motives 7 alone to be reckon$ )4 ,! defeat ( ! papacy at ,worms 0 n due to any lack ( ?or\ghness ( 8 "w4 ,he _h spies ev]y:]e--9 ! h\seholds ( ! emp]or & ( ! lead+ pr9ces1 & among ! population ( ,worms4 ,he did n hesitate to lie :5 he ?\ght x useful to ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,! ,roman c\rt _h put ^u him ! difficult task ( putt+ ,lu!r "u ! ban ( ! empire at once & unhe>d4 ,8 spee* be=e ! diet 0 long & eloqu5t1 b weak5$ by 8 bitt]ness & vehem5ce4 ,he said he spoke 9 def5se ( ! papal ?rone1 :i* 0 s de> to !m all4 ,he enum]at$ ! h]esies taught 9 ,lu!r's works4 ,lu!r 0 ob/9ate1 disob$i5t to ! pope's summons1 refus$ to be in/ruct$2 ! pope _h condemn$ him1 & x 0 ! emp]or's duty to en=ce ! condemnation2 ! laity _h no?+ to d ) su* que/ions except to c>ry out ! pope's decrees2 ru9 w\ld foll[ if ,lu!r 0 n condemn$2 a decree f ! diet & ! emp]or w\ld re/ore quiet1 & pres]ve ! ,*ur* & empire4 ,su* 7 ! consid]ations urg$ by ,ale&]4 ,he sat d[n amid murmurs ( approbation1 b he _h made no new po9ts1 giv5 no fre% reasons4 ,a few days aft]w>d a repres5tative ,g]man1 ,duke ,george ( ,saxony1 already ,lu!r's enemy1 pres5t$ ! case ( ,g]many aga9/ ! pope4 ,!re 7 _m ?+s ( :i* he compla9$1 exactions & usurpations1 ! gr[? & accumulation ( ye>s4 ,a committee ( ! diet 0 appo9t$ to draft ! grievances1 & br\ght 9 a long li/4 ,) s _m grievances aga9/ ! pope already ! diet 0 9 no hurry to take ! pope's "p aga9/ a popul> ,g]man2 ! condemnation ( ,lu!r1 & especially ! mann] ( condemnation1 0 itself ano!r grievance4 ,! law requir$ ! execution ( ! pope's bull1 & 0 aga9/ grant+ to a condemn$ h]etic a new he>+ be=e a secul> tribunal4 ,x 0 a case 9 :i* ! law dem&$ "o ?+ & exp$i5cy & ju/ice ano!r4 ,aft] a long discussion 9 ! diet x 0 held /\tly t no c\ntryman ( !irs %\ld be plac$ "u ! ban ( ! empire )\t be+ he>d 9 8 def5se1 & t !y & n ! pope ( ,rome 7 to be ! judges 9 ! matt]4 ,!re 0 op5 opposition betwe5 ! emp]or & ! diet1 & abundant secret intrigue--an edict propos$ aga9/ ,lu!r1 :i* ! diet refus$ to accept2 an edict propos$ to ord] ! burn+ ( ,lu!r's books1 :i* ! diet also object$ to2 ?is edict revis$ & limit$ to seizure ( ,lu!r's writ+s1 :i* 0 also f\nd fault ) by ! diet2 &1 f9ally1 ! emp]or issu+ ?is revis$ edict ( 8 own au?ority & )\t ! cons5t ( ! diet4 ,! comm& to appe> be=e ! diet on ,april #af1 #aeba1 & ! safe conduct 7 deliv]$ to ,lu!r on ,m>* #bf?4 ,he 0 to face 9 a practical way ! "q ( go+ to ! diet1 & = him & 8 fri5ds ! crisis _h come4 ,_m ( ,lu!r's associates at ,witt5b]g endeavor$ to dissuade him f obey+ ! emp]or's m&ate4 ,well x 0 = 8 fame1 "w & cause t he refus$ to he$ _! advice4 ,^! good-int5tion$1 b fa9t-he>t$1 colleagues 7 advis+ him to take a fatal /ep1 "o t w\ld h be5 m damag+ to 8 "w ?an all ! ma*9ations ( 8 foes2 t w\ld1 9 fact1 h be5 play+ 8 enemies' game1 & br++ ! ,re=mation 9 ,g]many to a sudd5 close4 ,a crisis _h be5 rea*$ :]e a failure 9 moral c\rage 9 ,lu!r w\ld h ru9$ ev]y?+4 ,he rose to ! occasion1 & 8 moral /ature 0 disclos$ to ! :ole _w4 ,! j\rney seem$ to ! indignant papi/s l a royal progress2 cr[ds came to bless ! man :o _h /ood = ! p aga9/ ! pope1 & !y believ$ he 0 go+ to 8 dea? = 8 c\rage4 ,! ne>] he came to ,worms1 ! fi]c] became ! disputes !re4 ,fri5ds & foes f\nd t 8 pres5ce w\ld prove oil ?r[n into ! flames4 ,! emp]or regrett$ hav+ s5t ! summons4 ,mess5g]s 7 dispat*$ secretly to endeavor to prev5t 8 com+4 ,j z he 0 approa*+ ! city a mess5g] f "o ( 8 be/ fri5ds 9 great al>m said3 ,d n ent] ,worms6 ,b ,lu!r1 undismay$1 turn$ to him & said3 ,g & tell y\r ma/] t ev5 %\ld !re be z _m devils 9 ,worms z tiles on ! h\setops1 /ill ,i w\ld ent] x4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,april #af? ,lu!r ent]$ ! city1 accompani$ by fully two ?\s& p]sons4 ,! citiz5s eag]ly press$ =w>d to see him1 & e mom5t ! cr[d 0 increas+4 ,x 0 mu* great] ?an ! public entry ( ! emp]or4 ,! news ( 8 arrival fill$ bo? fri5d & foe ) great al>m4 ,on ! next morn+ ! m>%al ( ! empire cit$ him to appe> at f\r o'clock be=e 8 imp]ial maje/y & ! /ates ( ! empire4 ,lu!r receiv$ ?is summons ) pr(\nd respect4 ,?us ev]y?+ 0 arrang$4 ,at f\r o'clock ! m>%al appe>$1 & ,lu!r set out ) him4 ,he 0 agitat$ at ! ?\ghts ( ! solemn congress be=e :i* he 0 ab\t to appe>4 ,! /reets 7 s d5sely cr[d$ t !y advanc$ ) great difficulty4 ,at l5g? !y rea*$ ! doors ( ! hall1 :i* 7 op5$ to !m4 ,lu!r w5t 91 & ) him ent]$ _m p]sons :o =m$ no portion ( ! diet4 ,& n[ 0 enact$ ! mo/ spl5did sc5e 9 hi/ory4 ,z has be5 aptly said3 ,nev] _h man appe>$ be=e s impos+ an assembly4 ,! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 ^: sov]eignty ext5d$ ov] a great "p ( ! old & new _w2 8 bro!r1 ,ar*duke ,f]d9&2 six electors ( ! empire1 mo/ ( ^: desc5dants n[ we> ! k+ly cr[n2 tw5ty-f\r dukes1 ! majority ( :om 7 indep5d5t sov]eigns ov] c\ntries m or less ext5sive1 & among :om 7 "s ^: names aft]w>d became =midable to ! ,re=mation--! ,duke ( ,alva & 8 two sons2 eight m>graves1 ?irty ar*bi%ops1 bi%ops1 & abbots2 sev5 ambassadors1 includ+ ^? f ! k+s ( ,france & ,engl&2 ! deputies ( t5 free cities2 a great numb] ( pr9ces1 c\nts1 & sov]eign b>ons2 ! papal nuncios--9 all two hundr$ & f\r p]sons4 ,su* 0 ! impos+ c\rt be=e :i* appe>$ ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,! appe>ance 0 ( itself a signal victory ov] ! papacy4 ,! pope _h condemn$ ! man1 & yet !re he /ood be=e a tribunal :i* by ?is v act1 set itself above ! pope4 ,! pope _h laid him "u an int]dict1 & cut him (f f all human society2 & yet he 0 summon$ 9 respectful language1 & receiv$ be=e ! mo/ augu/ assembly 9 ! _w4 ,! pope _h condemn$ him to p]petual sil5ce1 & yet he 0 n[ ab\t to speak be=e ?\s&s ( att5tive he>]s drawn toge!r f ! f>!/ p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,an imm5se revolution _h ?us be5 effect$ by ,lu!r's in/rum5tality4 ,rome 0 already desc5d+ f h] ?rone1 & x 0 ! voice ( a monk t caus$ ?is humiliation4 7,d',aubigne's ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation1 p4 #bdj47 ,into ! pres5ce ( ?is augu/ body ,lu!r 0 l$1 & ! sight ( ?is great assemblage ( dignit>ies almo/ p>alyz$ him4 ,! m>%al comm&$ him n to speak unless he 0 spok5 to1 & to answ] promptly & truly all que/ions put to him4 ,! c\rt 0 conduct$ ) great pomp1 b all its solemn app>atus 0 an empty pageant2 = h[ev] ,lu!r might def5d himself1 ! s5t5ce _h be5 already arrang$ ) ,rome4 ,ale&] _h arrang$ ! proc$ure4 ,aft] a mom5t ( solemn sil5ce ,john ,eck rose & said 9 a l\d & cle> voice3 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 8 sacr$ & inv9cible imp]ial maje/y has cit$ y be=e 8 ?rone1 9 accordance ) ! advice & c\nsel ( ! ,/ates ( ! holy ,roman empire1 to require y to answ] two que/ions3 7#a7 ,d y ackn[l$ge ^! books to h be5 writt5 by y8 ,at ! same "t po9t+ to tw5ty books on a table directly 9 front ( ,lu!r4 7#b7 ,are y prep>$ to retract ^! books1 & _! cont5ts1 or d y p]si/ 9 ! op9ions y h advanc$ 9 !m8 ,x 0 !n reque/$ t ! titles ( ! books be read1 :i* 0 done1 & ,lu!r ackn[l$g$ !m to be 84 ,he 0 aga9 ask$1 ,w y retract ! doctr9es !re98 ,!n ,lu!r1 aft] hav+ briefly & precisely repeat$ ! que/ions put to him1 said3 ,i c n d5y t ! books nam$ are m9e1 & ,i w nev] d5y any ( !m2 !y are all my (fspr+4 ,b z to :at foll[s1 :e!r ,i %all reaffirm 9 ! same t]ms all1 or %all retract :at ,i may h utt]$ beyond ! au?ority ( ,scripture--because ! matt] involves a "q ( fai? & ( ! salvation ( s\ls1 & because x conc]ns ! ,^w ( ,god1 :i* is ! highe/ ?+ 9 heav5 & on e>?1 & :i* we all mu/ rev]5ce--x w\ld be dang]\s & ra% 9 me to make any unprem$itat$ decl>ation1 because 9 unprem$itat$ spee* ,i might say some?+ less ?an ! facts & some?+ m ?an ! tru?2 besides1 ,i rememb] ! say+ ( ,*ri/ :5 he decl>$1 ,:osoev] %all d5y me be=e m51 him w ,i also d5y be=e my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav51 & be=e 8 holy angels4 ,= ^! reasons ,i beg1 ) all respect1 t y\r ,imp]ial ,maje/y give me "t to delib]ate1 t ,i may answ] ! "q )\t injury to ! ,^w ( ,god & )\t p]il to my own s\l4 ,lu!r made 8 answ] 9 su* a l[ voice t ^? :o 7 sitt+ ne> him c\ld sc>cely he> him4 ,_m pres5t inf]r$ t ,lu!r's l[ voice indicat$ t 8 _s 0 brok51 & t he 0 greatly al>m$4 ,b f :at foll[$ x is evid5t t ,lu!r's :ole proc$ure on ?is fir/ appe>ance be=e ! diet 0 int5d$ to defeat ! intrigues ( ,ale&]1 :i* _h = _! aim to prev5t ,lu!r address+ ! diet 9 a long spee*2 & 9 ?is he succe$$4 ,! emp]or express$ ! op9ion t ! "q 0 "o = :i* ,lu!r ought to be prep>$ to make imm$iate answ]2 b aft] mu* delay & consultation ) 8 advis]s he grant$ ,lu!r's reque/ = a po/ponem5t until ! next day at ! same h\r4 ,!n he 0 requir$ to pres5t himself be=e ! diet on ,april #ah?4 ,aft] he _h be5 call$ on ! foll[+ day1 ,eck began by reprov+ him = ask+ = fur!r "t = consid]ation1 & !n proce$$ to put a second "q1 some:at modifi$ & m 9 con=mity to ! ideals ( ! ,/ates3 ,w y def5d all ! books t y h ackn[l$g$ z y\r own1 or recant "s ( !m8 ,lu!r _h n[ fre$ himself f ! web ( intrigue t ,ale&] _h s skillfully wov5 ar\nd him to compel him to sil5ce1 & /ood =? a free ,g]man to plead 8 cause be=e ! mo/ illu/ri\s audi5ce ,g]many c\ld (f] to any ( h] sons1 be=e :i* he made a delib]ate reply 9 a firm & decid$ tone4 ,he divid$ 8 books into ?ree classes4 ,! fir/ 7 writt5 = ! edification ( believ]s1 & 8 adv]s>ies admitt$ !m to be h>mless1 & ev5 useful4 ,he c\ld n retract ^!4 ,7 he to d x1 he w\ld be ! only man do+ s4 ,9 o!r books he _h attack$ p]nici\s laws & doctr9es ( ! papacy1 :i*1 z no "o c\ld d5y1 tortur$ ! consci5ces ( ,*ri/ians & also tyrannically dev\r$ ! prop]ty ( ! ,g]man nation2 if he %\ld recant ^! he w\ld be b add+ to ! =ce ( ! ,roman tyranny1 & op5+1 n m]ely ! w9d[s1 b ! doors1 to great impiety1 & make himself a disgraceful abettor ( wick$ness & oppression4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 he _h writt5 aga9/ p]sons :o def5d & sanction ?is tyranny1 & aim+ at annihilat+ ^! pi\s tea*+s2 aga9/ !m he said he _h possibly be5 m sev]e ?an he %\ld h be51 & t he did n claim t 8 conduct _h always be5 faultless4 ,b ! "q1 said he1 is n conc]n+ my conduct1 b conc]n+ ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/2 & !re=e ,i c\ld n recant ^! writ+s1 = ,rome w\ld make use ( su* disav[al to ext5d h] oppression4 ,i dem& ! evid5ce aga9/ me1 & a fair trial4 ,i /& "h ready1 if any "o c prove me to h writt5 falsely1 to recant my errors1 & to ?r[ my books into ! fire ) my own h&s4 ,9 conclusion he utt]$ an e>ne/ admonition to ! emp]or1 & ! empire1 t in/ead ( secur+ peace & quiet by a condemnation ( ! div9e ,^w1 !y w\ld1 on ! o!r h&1 op5 ! floodgate ( untold mis]ies & evils t c n be conceiv$4 ,he did n mean to say t 8 di/+ui%$ he>]s requir$ ?is admonition1 b t he c\ld n refra9 f dis*>g+ ?is duty 9 behalf ( 8 belov$ ,g]many4 ,x 0 a brave spee*1 a /rong spee*1 deliv]$ ) self-possession & 9 a cle> voice t c\ld be he>d by ! :ole assembly--a /rik+ contra/ 9 e way to 8 mann] ( ! previ\s day4 ,:5 ,lu!r _h f9i%$1 ,eck address$ him 9 a ?reat5+ mann]1 & told him t he _h n answ]$ ! "q2 t ?is 0 n an occasion = g5]al discussion1 b to asc]ta9 f him :e!r he w\ld retract 8 errors4 ,9 "s ( y\r books y d5y ! decision ( c\ncils & t !y h (t5 err$ & contradict$ ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,w y recant or reaffirm :at y h said ab\t !m8 ,! emp]or dem&s a pla9 answ]4 ,to :i* ,lu!r repli$3 ,well !n1 s9ce ,8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y wants a pla9 answ]1 ,i w give him "o )\t horns or tee?4 ,unless ,i am conv9c$ ( error by ! te/imony ( ,scriptures or cle> argum5ts--= ,i believe nei!r ! pope nor ! c\ncils alone1 :i* h err$ & contradict$ ea* o!r (t5--,i am conv9c$ by ! passages ( ,scripture :i* ,i h cit$1 & my consci5ce is b\nd by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,i c n & w n recant any?+1 = x is nei!r safe nor "r to act aga9/ "o's consci5ce4 ,su* is my pr(ession ( fai?1 & expect no o!r f me4 ,"h ,i /&1 ,i c n d o!rwise4 ,god help me1 ,am56 ,9 a/oni%m5t1 ! emp]or sugge/$ ! "q :e!r ,lu!r actually 0 ( ! op9ion t c\ncils c\ld err1 & he 0 promptly answ]$ by ,lu!r3 ,( c\rse2 because !y h (t5 err$4 ,=1 s9ce ! c\ncil ( ,con/ance decid$ 9 _m po9ts aga9/ ! cle> text ( ,holy ,scripture1 ,holy ,scripture =ces me to say t c\ncils h err$4 ,eck decl>$ t x c\ld n be prov$ t g5]al c\ncils _h err$4 ,lu!r said he c\ld prove !y _h4 ,! disputation t !y said !y w\ld avoid 0 beg9n+4 ,! emp]or1 see+ ?is1 arose1 & all ! assembly ) him4 ,eck cri$ out 9 a l\d1 cle> voice3 ,! diet w meet aga9 to-morr[ to he> ! emp]or's op9ion4 ,x 0 night2 ea* man retir$ to 8 home 9 d>kness4 ,two imp]ial (fic]s escort$ ,lu!r4 ,"s suppos$ t 8 fate 0 decid$ & t !y 7 lead+ him to prison1 :5ce he w\ld nev] return till he 0 br\ght out to be burn$ at ! /ake4 ,a great tumult arose4 ,"s cri$ out1 ,are !y tak+ him to prison8 ,no1 repli$ ,lu!r1 !y are only accompany+ me to my hotel4 ,at ^! words ! excitem5t subsid$4 ,,"u ,,imp]ial ,,ban ,lu!r _h produc$ a pr(\nd impression on ! *iefs ( ! empire1 & _m lords & pr9ces 7 won to 8 cause4 ,on ! next morn+ ! emp]or submitt$ to ! e/ates ( ! empire ! proposition to imm$iately dismiss ,lu!r1 & !n on ! expiration ( 8 self-conduct1 to proce$ aga9/ him z a h]etic4 ,on ,may #bf?1 aft] a majority ( ! diet _h dep>t$ f ,worms1 an imp]ial edict aga9/ ,lu!r 0 pass$1 & publi%$ z ! unanim\s act ( ! ,electors ( ! ,/ates4 ,9 ord] to make x appe> t ! emp]or's signature 0 affix$ :5 all ! memb]s ( ! diet 7 assembl$1 x 0 dat$ ,may #h?4 ,x decre$ aga9/ ,lu!r ! imp]ial ban2 aft] apply+ to him ! usual sev]e expressions ( ! papal bulls1 x said3 ,"u ! pa9 ( incurr+ ! p5alties due to ! crime ( high treason1 we =bid y to h>bor ! said ,lu!r aft] ! appo9t$ t]m %all be expir$1 to conceal him1 to give him food or dr9k1 or to furni% him1 by ^w or by de$1 publicly or secretly1 ) any k9d ( succor :atev]4 ,we enjo9 y1 moreov]1 to seize him1 or cause him to be seiz$1 :]ev] y may f9d him1 to br+ him be=e u )\t any delay1 or to keep him safe 9 cu/ody1 until y h le>n$ f u 9 :at mann] y are to act t[>d him1 & h receiv$ ! rew>d due to y\r labors 9 s holy a "w4 ,?us ! diet ( ,worms add$ to ! pope's excommunication ! ban ( ! emp]or4 ,! bold /& ( ! poor monk1 9 ! face ( ! comb9$ civil & ecclesia/ical p[]s ( ! age1 is "o ( ! sublime/ sc5es 9 hi/ory1 & m>ks an epo* 9 ! progress ( fre$om4 ,! disaffections ) ! v>i\s abuses ( ,rome & ! desire = free prea*+ ( ! ,gospel 7 s ext5sive t ! ,re=mation1 bo? 9 its negative & positive features1 spread 9 spite ( ! pope's bull & ! emp]or's ban1 & ga9$ a foo?old be=e #aecj 9 ! great] "p ( ,nor!rn ,g]many4 ,among ! pr9cipal causes ( ?is rapid progress 7 ! writ+s ( ! re=m]s1 ,lu!r's ,g]man ,bible1 & ! evangelical hymns1 :i* introduc$ ! new ideas into public wor%ip & ! he>ts ( ! p4 ,on leav+ ,worms1 aft] hav+ gone "s di/ance1 ,lu!r dismiss$ ! imp]ial h]ald & proce$$ leisurely1 att5d$ by only two fri5ds4 ,t[>d night on ,may #d?1 z he 0 9 a lonely "p ( ! wood1 a b& ( arm$ horsem5 sudd5ly appe>$ & surr\nd$ ! c>riage4 ,8 fri5ds suppos$ !mselves attack$ by b&its2 "o ( !m fl$ = 8 life1 ! o!r1 ,amisdorf1 w5t on to ,witt5b]g ) ! news t ,lu!r 0 viol5tly dragg$ away & 8 fate 0 unkn[n4 ,z ! weeks pass$ & no?+ 0 he>d ( him1 ! p 7 fill$ ) anxiety4 ,ev5 8 enemies rejoic$ ) trembl+ :5 !y he>d t he _h disappe>$1 = ?+s 7 9 su* a /ate t ,lu!r dead might well be m tr\blesome to !m ?an ,lu!r liv+4 ,lu!r has left no record ( 8 feel+s :5 he 0 dragg$ f 8 c>riage1 m\nt$ on a horse & spirit$ away4 ,if he at fir/ suppos$ himself to be a real captive he 0 soon in=m$ t he 0 9 ! h&s ( fri5ds4 ,he 0 tak5 9 ! d>kness & sil5ce ( ! night to ! ca/le at ,w>tburg1 eight miles di/ant1 by ! ord] ( ! ,elector ,fr$]ick1 z a means ( protect+ him1 :]e he sp5t ! next t5 mon?s4 ,he d(f$ 8 monk's g[n1 put on ! g>b ( a c\ntry g5tleman1 let 8 be>d gr[1 & 0 kn[n z ,junk] ,george4 ,8 "t 0 sp5t 9 m$itation1 translat+ ! ,new ,te/am5t into ,g]man & writ+4 ,a ,,*ange ,,comes ,,ov] ,,lu!r ,at ,w>tburg he began t c\rse ( int]f]5ce ) political adm9i/ration & ecclesia/ical organization :i* made 8 lat] ye>s z a re=m] s diff]5t f 8 e>li]1 & 9 ! end l$ him to ! practical d5ial ( ne>ly e pr9ciple t he _h affirm$4 ,8 own protection by ! ,elector ,fr$]ick aga9/ ! comb9$ p[] ( pope & emp]or made cle> to him1 he ?\ght1 ! me?od by :i* a re=mation might be attempt$4 ,:ile at ,w>tburg he ?\ght out & wrote :at he entitl$1 ,w>n+ to all ,*ri/ians to ,ab/a9 f ,rebellion & ,s$ition1 9 :i* he ma9ta9$ ! pr9ciple f :i* he nev] !reaft] dep>t$1 t ! civil ,rul]s _h bo? ! "r & ! duty to und]take ! re=mation ( ! *ur*1 & t any o!r pr9ciple 0 impracticable & dang]\s4 ,t !re be no mi/ak+ 8 mean+ ,i give 8 words3 ,!re=e h reg>d to ! rul]s4 ,s long z !y und]take no?+ & give no comm&1 keep quiet ) h&1 m\? & he>t1 & und]take no?+4 ,if y c p]suade rul]s to und]take & comm&1 y may d x4 ,if !y w n y %\ld n4 ,b if y proce$1 y are wrong & mu* worse ?an ! o!r p>ty4 ,?is no d\bt 0 call$ =? by ! news ( ! proce$+s at ,witt5b]g4 ,= ev5 ) ,lu!r away1 ,witt5b]g1 ) its gr[+1 aggressive univ]sity1 0 ! c5t] ( ! ,re=mation4 ,new ?\ghts _h be5 put into m5's m9ds1 new aspirations1 new purposes _h come into _! he>ts4 ,lu!r _h long be=e prea*$ t ! mass 0 wrong1 b _h gone "r along celebrat+ x1 & s _h he taught ab\t o!r ?+s1 b cont9u$ to practice !m4 ,8 tea*+ _h tak5 deep root1 & ,zwill+1 *apla9 ( ! ,augu/9ian conv5t1 a bold1 zeal\s & eloqu5t man1 :o _h ! confid5ce ( ! p1 decl>$ t ! mass ought to be aboli%$ & t x 0 a s9 to celebrate x4 ,! memb]s ( ! conv5t1 ! prior except$1 agre$ ) him4 ,! prior ass]t$ 8 au?ority2 ! monks rebell$2 ! elector int]f]$ & ref]r$ ! case to ! univ]sity4 ,! univ]sity decid$ 9 favor ( ,zwill+ & ! monks1 ,melan*?on writ+ ! op9ion4 ,he attack$ e>ne/ly & bitt]ly mona/ic v[s1 celibacy1 cl]ical g>b1 ! use ( images & pictures 9 ! *ur*es4 ,8 tea*+ /rongly impli$ t lib]ty c\ld n be atta9$ till all ^! ?+s 7 swept away4 ,! movem5t to put ^! exhortations into practice began fir/ among ! cl]gy4 ,two prie/s 9 p>i%es ne> ,witt5b]g m>ri$2 sev]al monks left _! cloi/]s & donn$ ! g>m5ts ( ! common p2 ,melan*?on & sev]al ( 8 /ud5ts communicat$ 9 bo? k9ds 9 ! *ur*1 & 8 example 0 foll[$ by o!rs4 ,images 7 condemn$ & ca/ out ( ! *ur*es4 ,no "o knew :at w\ld next be done1 & di/urb+ rumors 7 be+ circulat$4 ,c>l/adt n[ took ! lead & ann\nc$ t on ! fir/ day ( ! new ye> he w\ld celebrate ! ,"l's ,supp] aft] ! anci5t mann] 9 bo? k9ds4 ,:5 opposition ?reat5$ he anticipat$ ! "t & held ! s]vice on ,*ri/mas day4 ,a beg9n+ 0 made2 opposition 0 sil5c$ & ,c>l/adt _h 8 way4 ,?+s 7 go+ too fa/ = ! ,elector ,fr$]ick1 too fa/ = ,lu!r4 ,9 8 quiet retreat 9 ,w>tburg he wrote aga9/ ! mass & monki% v[s1 b h[ great a /ep !re is betwe5 condemn+ old cu/oms 9 our he>ts & *ang+ !m ) our h&s--betwe5 ! ?\ghts & ! act6 ,on be+ in=m$ ( ! re=matory movem5ts 9 ,witt5b]g1 ,lu!r res5t$ x1 & mo/ %>ply reprov$ !m = practic+ :at he _h prea*$4 ,9 a lett] writt5 to ! ,witt5b]g]s 9 ,decemb]1 #aeba1 he said3 ,!y h introduc$ *anges 9 ! mass & images1 attack$ ! sacram5t & o!r ?+s t are ( no acc\nt1 & h let love & fai? g2 j z ?\gh all ! _w h]eab\ts _h great und]/&+ 9 ^! matt]s1 :i* is n ! fact2 & s _m h br\ght x ab\t t _m pi\s p h be5 /irr$ up to d :at is really ! devil's "w4 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 be a good ?+ to beg9 su* *anges1 if we c\ld all toge!r h ! ne$ful fai?2 & if !y suit$ ! *ur* 9 su* measure t no "o c\ld take (f5se at !m4 ,b ?is c nev] be4 ,we c n all be z ,c>l/adt4 ,!re=e we mu/ yield to ! weak2 o!rwise ^? :o are /rong w run f>1 & ! weak :o c n foll[ !m at l pace w be run d[n4 ,x 0 n by ,lu!r1 b by m5 ( a diff]5t type1 t ?is practical "w 0 begun4 ,!re 0 sore ne$ = a ,zwill+ & a ,c>l/adt4 ,?is 0 an occasion :5 ^? :o 7 call$ fanatics did a real s]vice = mank9d4 ,!y 7 /rong 9 _! convictions1 saw only "o ?+1 reckless ( all consequ5ces1 & brave :]e o!r m5 are appall$1 & ) no misgiv+s k9dl$ a fire t wrapp$ ! _w 9 flame4 ,_h x n be5 = :at !y did1 ,lu!r's writ+ & prea*+ might h end$ 9 prea*+ & writ+4 ,!y saw t some?+ mu/ be done1 & !y did x6 ,:ile ?is 0 ne$ful 9 precipitat+ ! conflict1 x 0 equally necess>y t o!rs %\ld direct x4 ,! excitem5t at ,witt5b]g soon rea*$ an al>m+ height1 & 0 int5sifi$ by ! arrival ( ! ,zwickan prophets1 :o claim$ to be ! fir/ to h prop]ly receiv$ ! div9e ,_s1 & to h be5 call$ to c>ry on ,god's "w4 ,!y boa/$ ( prophetic visions1 dreams & direct communications ) ,god4 ,!y also reject$ infant baptism1 say+ t !re 0 no su* ?+ taught 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,! p1 los+ _! hold on ! old1 7 ready to take up ) any?+ t came ) a plausible face4 ,ev5 ! mo/ prud5t 7 afraid to condemn any?+ t might h tru? 9 x1 & especially 7 !y unwill+ to reject any?+ t seem$ to be taught 9 ! ,scripture4 ,melan*?on 0 greatly tr\bl$ & di/urb$4 ,x 0 n s mu* ! visions ( ! ,zwickan prophets t di/urb$ him z _! tea*+ on baptism1 & in/ead ( settl+ ! matt] by an appeal to ! ,^w ( ,god1 he ref]r$ x to ! ,elector ,fr$]ick1 :o advis$ him n to discuss ! subject ) !m1 b wait = ,lu!r1 = !y quot$ ,sa9t ,augu/9e to prove t no?+ c\ld be br\ght 9 favor ( infant baptism except ecclesia/ical cu/om4 ,,reta9s ,,t ,,:i* ,,! ,,scriptures ,,d ,,n ,,expressly ,,=bid ,lu!r return$ f ,w>tburg to ,witt5b]g 9 ! e>ly "p ( #aebb1 :5 ef=ts 7 made to get him to drop infant baptism & make ! ,re=mation ?or\gh4 ,b :ile translat+ ! ,bible1 at ,w>tburg1 he _h det]m9$ to reta9 :atev] practices x did n =bid4 ,at fir/ he _h no little /ruggle on ! subject ( infant baptism4 ,on o!r subjects he _h be5 =c$1 aga9/ 8 w1 /ep by /ep1 to ab&on ! fa!rs1 ! c\ncils1 & ,ca?olic tradition1 be+ driv5 to x by ! ,scriptures4 ,b :5 he f\nd no au?ority 9 ! ,bible = infant baptism he assum$ a new attitude4 ,at t po9t he _h a fi]y conte/ ) himself z to ! true key ( ,biblical int]pretation1 & he delib]ately *ose ! negative turn4 ,t is1 he det]m9$ to abide by :at ! ,scriptures did n =bid1 in/ead ( by :at !y enjo9$4 ,he saw at a glance :]e 8 rule ( int]pretation on o!r subjects mu/ inevitably lead him on ?is po9t4 ,& he d>$ n v5ture "o /ep fur!r 9 free ?\ght1 = fe> ( invok+ a complete revolution4 ,to take "o /ep m 0 to let infant baptism g & ! ,/ate *ur* ) x4 ,b ?is 0 n ! k9d ( a *ur* ,lu!r want$1 s he dismiss$ ! :ole matt] z a v inopportune "q4 ,?us x appe>s t he 0 will+ to d z a positive duty to ,god :atev] ! ,scriptures did n prohibit1 z 9 ! ,supp]1 :5 ask$1 ,:at scripture h y = elevat+ ! cup8 to :i* he indignantly repli$1 ,:at is !re aga9/ x8 ,by ! same answ] he might h ju/ifi$ ! (f]+ ( masses = ! dead1 auricul> confession1 purgatory1 infallibility ( popes1 & any o!r unau?oriz$ ?+ practic$ by ! ,ca?olics1 b :i* ! ,scriptures _h n positively =bidd54 ,! imp]ial edict aga9/ ,lu!r at ! diet ( ,worms c\ld sc>cely h be5 /rong] ?an x 01 & yet x 0 :olly ineffective1 = aft] ,lu!r return$ f 8 hid+ place to ,witt5b]g he w5t on t\rs ( num]\s places1 prea*+ to ?\s&s1 enc\rag+ !m 9 re=mation1 & nev] felt any ill effects ( ! ban plac$ ^u him4 ,! papal c\rt made det]m9$ ef=ts to br+ to n\ght ! ef=ts ( ,lu!r at ! diet ( ,nurnb]g1 #aebb-aebc1 b ) no success1 = !y 7 compell$ to say t among a ?\s& m5 sc>cely "o c\ld be f\nd unta9t$ by ,lu!ran tea*+4 ,x is g5]ally agre$ t ! real sep>ation into two opposite camps really began at ! diet ( ,spires 9 #aebd1 al?\gh ! real p>t+ ( ! ways actually occurr$ aft] ! ,peasants' ,w>4 ,:5 ,g]many em]g$ f ! social revolution :i* p]petrat$ ?is w>1 x soon became app>5t t ! religi\s "q 0 /ill unsettl$ & 0 divid+ ! c\ntry into two p>ties1 & t bo? held z /rongly z ev] to _! di/9ctive pr9ciples4 ,! reason = ! increas$ /ra9 0 ! conduct ( _m ( ! ,romani/ pr9ces 9 suppress+ ! rebellion2 & on ! o!r h& ^? pr9ces :o favor$ ,lu!r's tea*+ _h a mutual und]/&+ to def5d "o ano!r aga9/ ! attack ^u _! fai?4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,prote/antism ,:5 ! diet met at ,spires 9 #aebf x 0 app>5t t ! national ho/ility to ,rome _h n abat$4 ,! grievances ( ,g]many aga9/ ! ,roman c\rt 7 aga9 reviv$1 & x 0 alleg$1 z x 0 9 fact1 t ! *ief causes ( ! ,peasants' ,w> 7 ! m]ciless exactions ( cl]ical l&hold]s4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ,*>les ,v1 :o 0 at w> ) ,france1 ,f]d9& ( ,au/ria presid$ ov] ! diet4 ,he dem&$ ! en=cem5t ( ! edict ( ,worms & a decree ( ! diet to =bid all innovations 9 wor%ip & 9 doctr9e1 b ! diet 0 n incl9$ to adopt ! sugge/ions4 ,lu!r's foll[]s 7 9 ! majority1 & ! delegates f ! cities insi/$ t x 0 impossible to en=ce ! edict4 ,! ,committee ( ,pr9ces propos$ to settle ! religi\s "q by a compromise :i* 0 almo/ :olly favorable to ,lu!r's tea*+4 ,x 0 decid$ t ! m>riage ( prie/s1 giv+ ! cup to ! laity1 ! use ( ! ,g]man z well z ! ,lat9 9 ! baptismal & communion s]vices1 %\ld be recogniz$2 t all private masses %\ld be aboli%$2 t ! numb] ( ecclesia/ical holy days %\ld be l>gely r$uc$2 & t 9 ! exposition ( ,holy ,writ ! rule ought to be t scripture %\ld be int]pret$ by scripture2 & t ea* ,/ate %\ld s live z x hop$ to answ] = its conduct to ,god & ! emp]or4 ,?is 0 int]pret$ by ^? ,/ates favorable to ! ,re=mation t !y _h a legal "r to organize t]ritorial *ur*es & to make su* *anges 9 public wor%ip z w\ld br+ x into h>mony ) _! beliefs4 ,?is gave new life to ! ,re=mation4 ,almo/ ! :ole ,nor? ,g]many adopt$ ! pr9ciples ( ! ,re=mation4 ,v>i\s political intrigues caus$ division & discr$it among ! re=m p>ty4 ,:5 ! diet aga9 met at ,spires 9 #aebi1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic p>ty 0 l>gely 9 ! majority4 ,! emp]or at ! outset decl>$3 ,by my imp]ial & absolute au?ority ,i aboli% ! clause 9 ! ord9ance ( #aebf on :i* ! ,lu!rans reli$ :5 !y f\nd$ _! t]ritorial *ur*es2 x has be5 ! cause ( mu* ill c\nsel & misund]/&+4 ,! majority ( ! diet upheld ! emp]or's decision1 & ! practical effect ( ! ord9ance 0 to resc9d t ( #aebf2 re-e/abli% ,roman ,ca?olic rule ev]y:]e1 & ) x ! "r ( ! bi%ops to direct all prea*]s 9 _! dioceses4 ,?is ord9ance call$ =? ! celebrat$ ,prote/1 :i* 0 read be=e ! diet ,april #ai1 #aebi1 :5 all concessions to ! re=m]s _h be5 refus$4 ,! legal position tak5 0 t ! unanim\s decision ( ! diet 9 #aebf c\ld n be resc9d$ by a majority4 ,! prote/]s decl>$ t !y int5d$ to abide by ! decision ( #aebf1 & n by t ( #aebi4 ,!y also decl>$ _! read9ess to obey ! emp]or & ! diet 9 all dutiful & possible matt]s1 b any ord] consid]$ by !m repugnant to ,god & 8 holy ,^w1 to _! s\l's salvation1 & _! good consci5ce1 !y appeal$ to ! emp]or1 to ! free c\ncil1 & to all imp>tial ,*ri/ian ,judges4 ,! ess5tial pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! prote/ aga9/ ?is decree & 9 ! argum5ts on :i* x 0 gr\nd$ 73 ,we prote/ publicly be=e ,god1 our only ,creator1 ,pres]v]1 ,r$eem] & ,savior1 :o1 z ! only ,se>*] ( all our he>ts1 judge? righte\sly1 & we also prote/ be=e all ! _w1 t bo? = ourselves & = our connections & subjects1 we d n cons5t or agree ) any resolutions or acts conta9$ 9 ! la/ decree ( ,spires above ref]r$ to1 :i*1 9 ! great conc]n ( religion1 are contr>y to ,god & to 8 holy ^w1 injuri\s to our s\l's salvation1 & also 9 direct opposition to ! dictates ( our consci5ce1 z well z to ! degree issu$ by an imp]ial diet at ,spires2 & we h]eby solemnly decl>e t1 f reasons already assign$1 & f o!r weighty consid]ations1 we reg>d all su* resolutions or acts z null & void4 ,?us 9 ! pres5ce ( ! diet spoke ^? c\rage\s m54 ,?is is ! orig9 ( ! "n ,prote/ant4 ,s critical 0 ! situation t ! ,prote/ants imm$iately ent]$ into an arm$ alliance = mutual def5se4 ,b z ! only object n[ 0 to secure mutual def5se 9 ! "r to h ! same ,gospel1 ! conte/ 9 progress 0 n "o 9 :i* all wrongs 7 to be right$1 b "o 9 :i* !y felt !mselves ju/ifi$ 9 resi/ance only :5 ! emp]or attack$ t :i* !y all 7 conv9c$ 0 ( ,god4 ,an ef=t 0 made to p]fect a union betwe5 ! ,prote/ants 9 ,g]many1 b )\t success1 & a divid$ ,g]many await$ ! com+ ( ! emp]or4 ,*>les ,v 0 n[ at ! z5i? ( 8 p[]1 & 0 det]m9$ to visit ,g]many & by 8 p]sonal pres5ce & influ5ce end ! religi\s difficulty :i* 0 di/ract+ t portion ( 8 va/ dom9ions4 ,he meant to use e p]suasion possible1 to make :at compromises 8 consci5ce p]mitt$1 to effect a peaceful settlem5t4 ,b if ^! fail$ he 0 det]m9$ to cru% ! ,re=m]s by =ce4 ,he summon$ ! diet to meet at ,augsburg on ,april #h1 #aecj1 b x 0 n =mally op5$ till ,june #bj?4 ,9 8 spee* ,*>les ,v4 ann\nc$ t ! assembly w\ld be invit$ to discuss armam5t aga9/ ! ,turk1 & t 8 maje/y 0 anxi\s by fair & g5tle means to end ! religi\s diff]5ces :i* 7 di/ract+ ,g]many4 ,! ,prote/ants 7 invit$ to give 9 writ+ _! op9ions & difficulties :i* compell$ !m to =sake ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,x 0 resolv$ to take ! religi\s "q fir/4 ,by ,june #bd? ! ,lu!rans 7 ready ) ! /atem5t ( _! grievances & op9ions relat+ to ! fai?4 ,on ! foll[+ day x 0 read be=e ! diet by ! ,saxon ,*ancellor1 ,dr4 ,*ri/ian ,bay]1 9 su* a cle> voice t x 0 he>d n only by ^? assembl$ )9 ! *amb]1 b by ! cr[d t ?rong$ ! c\rt outside4 ,!y 7 review$ be=e ! ,prote/ant pr9ces1 & x be+ deem$ desirable t !y %\ld be ext5d$ & enl>g$1 ! "w 0 assign$ to ,melan*?on2 ?us 0 complet$ ! fam\s ,confession ( ,augsburg1 ! /&>d ( fai? ( all ! ,lu!ran *ur*es4 ,:5 read be=e ! diet x produc$ a pr(\nd impression4 ,x 0 sign$ by f\r pr9ces ( ! empire1 by ! imp]ial cities ( ,nuremb]g & ,reutl+51 & by ! ,elector ( ,saxony4 ,fab]1 ,eck9s & ,co*lu1 :o repres5t$ ! ,roman c\rt at ! diet1 drew up a refutation :i* 0 publicly read be=e ! diet1 ! emp]or dem&+ ! acquiesc5ce ( ! ,prote/ants2 = he 0 n[ det]m9$ to insi/ on _! submission1 & to close ! dispute4 ,?is !y absolutely refus$4 ,! emp]or aga9 took c\nsel ) ! pope1 & ! result 0 an imp]ial edict comm&+ ! pr9ces1 ,/ates & cities :i* _h ?r[n (f ! papal yoke to return to _! duty1 on pa9 ( incurr+ ! displeasure ( ! emp]or z a patron & def5d] ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,! emp]or publi%$ ! decision on ,novemb] #ai?1 & ! ,prote/ants _h to arrange "s common plan = fac+ ! situation4 ,!y met1 pr9ces & delegates ( cities1 9 ! t[n ( ,smalkald1 ,decemb] #bb;d to #ca/1 :5 !y =m$ a religi\s alliance1 to :i* !y invit$ ,engl&1 ,d5m>k & o!r ,/ates 9 :i* ! ,re=mation _h n[ dawn$1 to jo9 !m4 ,9 #aecb ! peace at ,nuremb]g compos$ = a "t ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! emp]or & ! re=m]s2 ! ,lu!rans 7 p]mitt$ ! free ex]cise ( _! wor%ip until a g5]al c\ncil or ano!r diet %\ld f9ally det]m9e ! fai? ( ,cont95tal ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 #aece ! pope1 ,paul ,,iii1 propos$ to summon a g5]al c\ncil at ,mantau4 ,! ,prote/ants ( ,g]many1 well satisfi$ t no advantages w\ld result f su* a synod1 assembl$ at ,smalkald 9 #aecg1 & publi%$ a solemn prote/ aga9/ ! con/itution ( ! c\ncil z p>tial & corrupt4 ,to ?is !y add$ a summ>y ( _! doctr9e1 drawn up by ,lu!r1 9 ord] to pres5t x to ! c\ncil1 if ! pope %\ld p]si/ 9 call+ x toge!r4 ,?is summ>y1 :i* 0 di/+ui%$ by ! title ( ! ,articles ( ,smalkald1 is g5]ally jo9$ ) ! cre$s & confessions ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,! pope1 h[ev]1 di$ & ! c\ncil at ,mantau 0 po/pon$4 ,new projects 7 rais$1 ) ! va9 hope ( sett+ at re/ ! _s ( religi\s fre$om by :i* all ,g]many 0 n[ di/urb$4 ,! emp]or summon$ a conf]5ce at ,worms 9 #aeda1 & ,melan*?on disput$ ?ree days ) ,eck9s on ! po9ts at issue4 ,a diet foll[$ at ,ratisbon1 ano!r at ,spires 9 #aedb1 & a ?ird 0 held at ,worms 9 #aede2 ! emp]or va9ly attempt+ to intimidate ! ,prote/ants1 or to induce _! lead]s to cons5t to a g5]al c\ncil to be summon$ by ! pope4 ,b _! resolution 0 fix$3 !y d5i$ ! pope's "r to call a g5]al c\ncil2 !y reg>d$ ! proposal z a sn>e1 & treat$ x ) scorn4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t met 9 #aedf1 b ! ,prote/ant repres5tatives appe>$4 ,x ?und]$ its decrees1 & ! ,prote/ant pr9ces ( ,g]many bade x defiance4 ,! emp]or1 exasp]at$ by _! resi/ance & /imulat$ by ! pope1 assembl$ 8 =ces1 resolv$ to cru% ! _s he c\ld n o!rwise subdue4 ,all ,g]many 0 arm+ 9 def5se ( ,prote/antism or 9 submission to ! emp]or1 & ! /orm d>k5$ on e side4 ,su* 0 ! /ate ( ,g]many :5 ,lu!r di$1 ,febru>y #ah1 #aedf4 ,a religi\s w> n[ broke out4 ,! emp]or 0 victori\s & ! ,int]im foll[$4 ,?is 0 an imp]ial edict1 issu$ 9 #aedg1 gu>antee+ c]ta9 concessions m speci\s ?an really important1 to ! ,prote/ants1 until ! decisions ( a g5]al c\ncil %\ld be giv54 ,x satisfi$ nei!r p>ty1 & ! w> soon rag$ anew4 ,! emp]or 0 defeat$ by ! ,g]man conf$]ate1 "u ,maurice ( ,saxony1 9 #aeeb1 & ! pacification ( ,passau foll[$4 ,at la/1 9 #aeee1 ! diet ( ,augsburg met1 peace 0 re/or$1 & ! ,prote/ant ,/ates ( ,g]many secur$ _! indep5d5ce4 ,x 0 decre$ t ! ,prote/ants :o embrac$ ! ,confession ( ,augsburg %\ld be entirely exempt f ! jurisdiction ( ! pope ( ,rome1 & f ! au?ority & int]f]5ce ( 8 bi%ops4 ,!y 7 free to enact laws = ! regulation ( _! own religion 9 e po9t1 :e!r ( discipl9e or doctr9e4 ,e subject ( ! ,g]man empire 0 all[$ ! "r ( private judgm5t1 & might unite himself ) ! *ur* he pref]r$2 & ^? :o %\ld prosecute o!rs "u ! pretext ( religion 7 decl>$ enemies ( ! common peace4 ,! ,religi\s ,peace ( ,augsburg has be5 claim$1 & ju/ly s1 z a victory = religi\s lib]ty4 ,! victory lay 9 ?is1 t ! fir/ bl[ _h be5 /ruck to free mank9d f ! fett]s ( ,rome2 t ! fir/ falt]+ /ep _h be5 tak5 on ! road to religi\s lib]ty2 & ! fir/ is valuable n = :at x is 9 itself1 b = :at x repres5ts & = :at comes aft] x4 ,x is always ! fir/ /ep t c\nts4 ,! ,g]man ,re=mation 0 a va/ /ride f ,rome1 b x fell f> %ort ( a return to ,j]usalem4 ,ab\t ! be/ t c be said is t ! ,re=mation 0 a *ange ( ma/]s2 a volunt>y "o1 no d\bt1 9 ^? :o _h any *oice2 & 9 ?is s5se an ex]cise1 = ! "t1 ( _! p]sonal judgm5t4 ,b z soon z ! ,augsburg ,confession ( ,fai? 0 writt5 no "o 0 at lib]ty to modify or *ange x1 & ^? :o did n con=m to x 7 no less h]etics ?an ,lu!r _h be5 :5 he fail$ to con=m to ! behe/s ( ,rome4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,re=mation ,,9 ,,switz]l& ,hul]rei* ,zw+li1 ! ,re=m] ( ,g]man ,switz]l&1 0 born at ,wild5haus1 ,janu>y #a1 #adhd4 ,9 s*ool he made rapid progress & 0 soon recogniz$ z a y\? ( mu* promise4 ,8 bright m9d1 love ( tru?1 & devotion to ! ,scriptures soon br\ght him prom95tly be=e ! public4 ,on discov]+ ! corruptions ( ! cl]gy1 & le>n+ ( ! dogmas & traditions1 n f\nd 9 ! ,bible1 su* z indulg5ces1 ! wor%ip ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ( images1 he attempt$ to re=m ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,?is soon caus$ *>ges ( h]esy to be br\ght aga9/ him1 = 8 influ5ce 0 subv]sive ( ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s4 ,9 a discussion held 9 ! ,t[n ,hall at ,zuri*1 ,janu>y #bi1 #aebc1 9 ! pres5ce ( m ?an six hundr$ p]sons1 ! entire cl]gy ( ! canton & l>ge numb]s ( ! laity1 ,zw+li pres5t$ re=matory doctr9es he _h prea*$ 9 sixty articles1 & def5d$ !m s successfully t ! c\ncil at ,zuri* *>g$ all ! prea*]s to prea* ! pure gospel 9 ! same mann]4 ,soon aft] ,zw+li receiv$ an effici5t co-labor] 9 8 re=matory ef=ts by ! appo9tm5t ( ,leo ,pudea1 z ,l5t prie/ 9 ,zuri*4 ,sev]al ev5ts signaliz$ at ?is "t ! cause ( ! ,re=mation4 ,! c\ncil all[$ nuns to leave _! conv5ts1 sev]al ( ! cl]gy m>ri$ )\t h9drance1 a ,g]man baptismal s]vice 0 introduc$1 & ! ca!dral *apt]1 at its own reque/1 receiv$ new & suitable ord9ances4 ,! c\ncil decid$ t ! "t 0 ripe = a second public discussion1 to be held ,octob] #bf1 #bg1 #aebc4 ,m ?an eight hundr$ & fifty p]sons 7 pres5t1 ( :om m ?an ?ree hundr$ & fifty 7 cl]gym54 ,on ! fir/ day1 ,zw+li set =? 8 views on ! pres5ce ( images 9 *ur*es1 & appeal$ to ! c\ncil to =bid _! use4 ,no *ampion = _! use 0 f\nd1 & ! c\ncil decid$ t ! images & pictures %\ld be remov$ f ! *ur*es1 b )\t di/urbance4 ,on ! second day ! foll[+ proposition 0 discuss$3 ,! mass is no sacrifice1 & hi!rto has be5 celebrat$ ) _m abuses1 q diff]5t f its orig9al in/itution by ,*ri/4 ,z no *ampion = images & mass 0 f\nd1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,zuri* conclud$ to promote ! re=mation ( ! canton by diffus+ ! prop] in/ruction 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts1 = :i* purpose ,zw+li drew up & publi%$ 8 ,*ri/ian ,introduction1 :i* expla9$ to ! p ! mean+ ( ! ,re=mation4 ,soon aft] ?is ! c\ncil remodel$ ! public wor%ip accord+ to ! views set =? by ,zw+li4 ,:ile ,lu!r favor$ ! ret5tion ( ev]y?+ 9 ! practice ( ! *ur* ( ,rome n =bidd5 by ! ,scriptures1 ,zw+li cont5d$ t no?+ %\ld be practic$ t 0 n expressly comm&$ by ! ,scriptures4 ,on ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ,lu!r & ,zw+li1 ,d',aubigne says3 ,! ,swiss ,re=mation "h pres5ts "u an aspect some:at diff]5t f t ( ! ,g]man ,re=mation4 ,lu!r _h ris5 up aga9/ ! excesses ( ^? :o _h brok5 ! images 9 ! *ur*es ( ,witt5b]g2 & 9 ,zw+li's pres5ce ! idols fell 9 ! temples ( ,zuri*4 ,?is diff]5ce is expla9$ by ! diff]5t lights 9 :i* ! two re=m]s view$ ! same object4 ,lu!r desir$ to reta9 9 ! *ur* all t 0 n expressly contr>y to ! ,scriptures1 & ,zw+li to aboli% all t 0 oppos$ to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! ,zuri* re=m] pass$ ov] ^? ages1 return$ to ! apo/olic times1 & c>ry+ out an entire trans=mation ( ! *ur*1 endeavor$ to re/ore x to its primitive condition4 7,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation1 p4 #dja47 ,?us ,zw+li r$uc$ ! *ur* s]vice to extreme simplicity2 pictures & /atues 7 remov$ f ! *ur*es1 on ! assumption t _! pres5ce 0 contr>y to ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts2 organs 7 bani%$1 & sacr$ music disp>ag$ z int]f]+ ) spirituality4 ,f ,zuri* ! ,re=mation spread1 & soon ,zw+li 0 jo9$ by ,oecolampadius1 :o 0 a great lead] & c\nselor4 ,! majority ( ! cantons 71 h[ev]1 /ill oppos$ to ! ,re=mation1 & ! act ( ,luc]ne 7,janu>y1 #aebe7 endeavor$ to satisfy ! long+ = a re=mation )\t r5d+ ! *ur*4 ,its decrees did n1 h[ev] g into effect2 & ! ,ca?olic cantons1 9 accordance ) ! advice ( ,dr4 ,eck1 arrang$ a new religi\s discussion at ,bad51 :i* began ,may #aj1 #aebf4 ,oecolampadius 0 ! spokesman 9 behalf ( ! ,re=mation4 ,?\gh bo? sides claim$ ! victory1 ! ,re=mation cont9u$ to make progress4 ,z ! mo/ zeal\s ( ! ,ca?olic cantons resort$ to =cible measures = ! suppression ( ! ,re=mation1 ,zuri* & ,con/ance =m$1 ,decemb] #be1 #aebg1 a def5sive alliance "u ! "n ( ,burgh] ,rights4 ,lat] on ?is alliance 0 jo9$ by eight o!r cantons4 ,9 ! mean:ile five ,ca?olic cantons _h conclud$ to league ) ,k+ ,f]d9& = ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,a w> decl>$ by ,zuri* 9 #aebi aga9/ ! five cantons 0 ( %ort duration1 & ! peace 0 favorable to ! ,re=mation4 ,9 #aeca ! w> 0 r5ew$4 ,zuri* _h lo/ some:at ( its e>li] evangelical purity1 :ile ! neighbor+ cantons 7 conspir+ = its ru94 ,9 ! awful em]g5cy1 :5 ! public m9d 0 al>m$1 ,zw+li ma9ta9$ tranquility4 ,! w> began1 b ,zuri* 0 dilatory1 & f> f be+ prep>$2 b ! horn ( ! enemy e*o$ among ! hills1 & ,zw+li bade f>ewell to 8 wife & *ildr51 m\nt$ 8 horse & w5t =? z a w>rior to %>e ! common dang]4 ,! re=m]s 7 defeat$ ) great slaught]1 ,octob] #aa1 #aeca4 ,zw+li 0 f\nd aft] ! battle1 ly+ on 8 back1 & 8 eyes upturn$ to heav51 ) 8 helmet on 8 head1 & 8 battle-ax 9 8 h&4 ,he _h be5 /ruck ne> ! comm5cem5t ( ! engagem5t1 & !n1 z he reel$ & fell1 he 0 sev]al times pi]c$ ) a lance4 ,he 0 liv+ :5 discov]$ 9 ! ev5+1 b ! infuriat$ fanatics soon dispat*$ him4 ,next day 8 body 0 b>b>\sly qu>t]$ & burn$4 ,! ,prote/ants _h provok$ a conte/ = :i* !y 7 n prep>$1 & ! bl[ giv5 at ,cappel *eck$ = a "t ! g5]al progress ( ! ,re=mation 9 ,switz]l&4 ,9 ,fr5* ,switz]l&1 ! re=matory movem5t began 9 #aebf1 9 ,b]ne & ,biel1 :]e ,william ,f>el prea*$4 ,9 #aecj he e/abli%$ ! ,re=mation 9 ,neuf*atel4 ,9 ,g5eva a beg9n+ 0 made z e>ly z #aebh2 9 #aecd1 aft] a religi\s conf]5ce held at ! sugge/ion ( ! re=m]s at ,b]ne1 9 :i* ,f>el def5d$ ! ,re=mation1 public wor%ip 0 all[$ to ! re=m]s4 ,rapid progress 0 made ?r\gh ! zeal ( ,f>el1 ,fromdnt1 & ,viret2 & 9 #aece1 aft] ano!r discussion1 ! papacy 0 aboli%$ by ! c\ncil & ! pr9ciples ( ! ,re=mation adopt$4 ,9 #aecf ,john ,calv9 arriv$ at ,g5eva & 0 induc$ by ,f>el to rema9 9 ! city & to aid him 9 8 /ruggle aga9/ a p>ty ( free-?9k]s4 ,on ,july #bj1 #aeci1 ! citiz5s r5\nc$ ! papacy & pr(ess$ ,prote/antism4 ,prior to ?is a reaction ( ! popi% & cons]vative elem5ts 9 ! ,/ate l$ to su* diss5sions & opposition t ,calv9 & ,f>el 7 bani%$2 b ! e>ne/ petition ( ! citiz5s & rul]s at ,g5eva at la/ induc$ !m to return 9 #aeda4 ,on 8 return ,calv9 set ab\t model+ ! policy ( ! re=m]s 9 ,g5eva on ! pr9ciples ( ,presbyt]ianism1 ! !ory :i* he _h wr\ght out1 & comm5c$ ! dissem9ation ( t !ological sy/em :i* be>s 8 "n4 ,bo? 8 !ology & *ur* polity became dom9ant ?r\gh\t ,switz]l&4 ,! !ological academy ( ,g5eva1 f\nd$ 9 #aehh1 suppli$ ! *ur*es ( _m =eign c\ntries1 especially ,france1 tra9$ 9 ! _s ( ,calv94 ,:5 ,calv9 di$1 9 #aefd1 ! cont9uation ( 8 "w devolv$ ^u ,!odore ,beza4 ,calv9 disagre$ 9 _m po9ts ) ,zw+li1 ^: views gradually lo/ gr\nd z ^? ( ,calv9 advanc$4 ,! second ,helvetic ,confession1 ! mo/ important among ! symbolic books ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 :i* 0 compil$ by ,bull+] 9 ,zuri*1 publi%$ 9 #aeff1 & recogniz$ 9 all re=m$ c\ntries1 complet$ ! supremacy ( ,calv9's pr9ciples ov] ^? ( ,zw+li4 ,al?\gh ! majority ( ,g]man ,prote/ant ,*ur*es rema9$ 9 connection ) ! ,lu!ran ,re=mation1 a ,g]man ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 :i* bore a mod]ately ,calv9i/ic aspect1 sprang up 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,g]many4 ,9 #afej ! ,elector ,fr$]ick ,,ii1 ( ! ,palat9e1 embrac$ ! re=m$ cre$1 & organiz$ ! *ur* ( 8 dom9ions accord+ to re=m$ pr9ciples4 ,by 8 au?ority ! ,heidelb]g ,cate*ism1 :i* soon came to be reg>d$ n only z a /&>d symbolical book ( ! ,g]man ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 b 0 highly e/eem$ ?r\gh\t ! re=m$ _w1 0 writt54 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,re=mation ,,9 ,,engl& ,to say t ! ,re=mation 9 ,engl& 0 br\ght ab\t by ! desire ( ,h5ry ,,viii to be divorc$ f ,ca?>9e ( ,aragon is to ignore ! well-e/abli%$ facts ( hi/ory4 ,no k+1 h[ev] despotic1 c\ld h =c$ on su* a revolution unless !re 0 mu* 9 ! life ( ! p t reconcil$ !m to ! *ange1 & evid5ce ( ?is is abundant4 ,!re 0 mu* t 0 call$ h]esy 9 ,engl& long be=e ,lu!r rais$ 8 voice aga9/ ,ca?olicism 9 ,g]many4 ,wycliffe's writ+s & translations ( ! ,scriptures into ,engli% _h a trem5d\s influ5ce on ! p 9 ,engl& & = _m ye>s ! fires ( m>tyrdom 7 kept burn+ 9 ! mad endeavor to /op ! spread ( ! h]esy1 & s great 0 ! exasp]ation t =ty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,wycliffe ,romani/s dug up 8 bones & burn$ !m1 & /ill ! h]esy spread4 ,z ,i h already %[n 9 a =m] article1 ! "w ( ,tyndale1 :o won a m>tyr's cr[n1 _h a wond]ful influ5ce ov] ! ,engli% p4 ,9 ! ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography1 ,dr4 ,ra%dall says3 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,re=mation _h virtually brok5 out 9 ! secret ,bible read+s ( ! ,cambridge re=m]s be=e ei!r ! trumpet call ( ,lu!r or ! exig5cies ( ,h5ry ,,viii's p]sonal & political position set m5 free once m to talk op5ly aga9/ ! pope & ! monks1 & to tea* a simpl] & m spiritual gospel ?an ! sy/em aga9/ :i* ,wycliffe _h /riv54 7,wycliffe1 ,vol4 #fc1 p4 #bah47 ,! ,p>liam5ts %[$ !mselves anti-cl]ical long be=e ,h5ry ?rew (f 8 allegiance to ,rome2 & ,engli%m5 c\ld f9d no bett] t]m ( insult to ?r[ at ! ,scots ?an to call !m ,pope's m54 ,^!1 & _m o!r ?+s t might be m5tion$1 indicate a c]ta9 prep>$ness 9 ,engl& = ! ,re=mation1 & t !re 0 a /rong national =ce beh9d ,h5ry1 :5 he at la/ decid$ to defy ! ,pope ( ,rome4 ,! possibility ( ,engl& break+ away f papal au?ority & erect+ itself into a sep>ate *ur* "u ! ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury _h be5 ?\ght probable be=e ! divorce precipitat$ ! qu>rel betwe5 ,h5ry & ! pope4 ,h5ry clung /r5u\sly to ! conception ( papal supremacy1 & advocat$ x 9 a mann] only done hi!rto by canoni/s ( ! ,roman c\rt4 ,x is evid5t t ! validity ( 8 m>riage & ! legitimacy ( 8 *ildr5 by ,ca?>9e ( ,aragon dep5d$ on ! pope be+ 9 possession ( ! v fulle/ p[]s ( disp5sation4 ,h5ry _h be5 m>ri$ to ,ca?>9e "u v peculi> circum/ances1 :i* sugge/$ d\bts ab\t ! validity ( ! m>riage c]emony4 ,to make ! alliance /rong] betwe5 ,engl& & ,spa9 ! pope _h a m>riage arrang$ betwe5 ,ar?ur1 ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 & ,ca?>9e1 ! daught] ( ,f]d9& & ,isabella ( ,spa94 ,! w$d+ took place 9 ,/4 ,paul's1 ,novemb] #ad1 #aeja1 b ,ar?ur di$ ,april #b1 #aejb1 & x 0 propos$ f ! side ( ,spa9 t ! "y wid[ %\ld m>ry ,h5ry1 h] bro!r-9-law1 n[ ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,f]d9& insi/$ t if ?is 0 n done ,ca?>9e %\ld be s5t back to ,spa9 & h] d[ry return$4 ,pope ,julius ,,ii 0 !n besieg$ to grant a disp5sation = ! m>riage4 ,at fir/ he refus$ to give 8 cons5t4 ,su* a m>riage _h be5 br&$ z a s9 by canonical law1 & ! pope himself _h grave d\bts :e!r x 0 compet5t = him to grant a disp5sation 9 su* a case2 b he f9ally yield$ to ! pressure & grant$ ! disp5sation4 ,! ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 :o d\bt$ :e!r ! pope c\ld grant disp5sation = :at 0 a mortal s9 9 8 eyes1 0 sil5c$4 ,! m>riage took place ,june #aa1 #aeji4 ,! fir/ f\r *ildr5 7 ei!r /illborn or di$ soon aft] bir?2 & x 0 rumor$ 9 ,rome z e>ly z #aead t ,h5ry might ask to be divorc$ 9 ord] to save ,engl& f a disput$ succession4 ,m>y 0 born 9 #aeaf & surviv$1 b all ! *ildr5 :o came aft]w>ds 7 ei!r /illborn or di$ soon aft] bir?4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! lack ( a male heir tr\bl$ ,h5ry greatly4 ,!re seems to be no reason = que/ion+ ! s9c]ity ( 8 d\bts ab\t ! legitimacy ( 8 m>riage ) ,ca?>9e1 or t he actually look$ on ! repeat$ de/ruction ( 8 hopes ( a male heir z a div9e puni%m5t = ! s9 ( t contract4 ,que/ions ( national policy & impulses ( passion quick5$ m>vel\sly 8 consci5ti\s convictions4 ,9 ! p]plexities ( 8 position ! %orte/ way out seem$ to be to ask ! pope to decl>e t he _h nev] be5 legally m>ri$ to ,ca?>9e4 ,he fully expect$ ! pope to grant 8 reque/2 b ! pope 0 at ! "t practically 9 ! p[] ( ,*>les ,v1 to :om 8 aunt1 ! injur$ ,ca?>9e1 _h appeal$1 & :o _h promis$ h] 8 protection4 ,f ! protract$ proce$+s 9 ! divorce case1 ,h5ry le>n$ t he c\ld n dep5d on ! pope giv+ him :at he want$2 & al?\gh 8 ag5ts f\ght ! case 9 ,rome1 he at once began prep>+ = ! sep>ation f papal jurisdiction4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,h5ry _h tak5 measures to summon a p>liam5t2 & 9 ! int]val betwe5 summons & assembly x _h be5 sugge/$ t ,cranm] 0 ( ! op9ion t ! be/ way to deal ) ! divorce 0 to take x out ( ! h&s ( ! pope & lay x be=e ! canoni/s ( ! v>i\s univ]sities ( ,europe4 ,?r\gh ,cranm] ?is 0 s successfully done t ! univ]sities ( ,engl&1 ,france & ,italy decid$ t ! m>riage 0 null & void4 ,! k+ sep>at$ f ,ca?>9e1 m>ri$ ,anne ,boleyn1 & fell "u ! papal ban4 ,p>liam5t sund]$ ! connection betwe5 ,engl& & ,rome1 & pass$ an act decl>+ t ! k+ 0 _! s+ul> protector & only supreme "l1 &1 z f> z t is p]mitt$ by ! law ( ,*ri/1 ! ,supreme ,head ( ! ,*ur* & ( cl]gy4 ,! k+'s desire 0 to de/roy ! influ5ce ( ! pope ov] ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 to :i*1 9 o!r respects1 he wi%$ to pres]ve ! cont9uity ( its ,ca?olic "*2 b x 0 impossible1 h[ev]1 = ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& to ma9ta9 exactly ! same place :i* x _h occupi$4 ,!re 0 too mu* /irr+ ( re=mation life 9 ! l&4 ,! cloi/]s 7 subject$ to visitation 9 #aece1 & totally aboli%$ 9 #aecf2 & ! ,bible 0 diffus$ 9 ,engli% 9 #aech z ! only s\rce ( doctr9e2 b ! /atute ( #aecj impos$ di/9ct limits ^u ! ,re=mation1 & 9 p>ticul> confirm$ transub/antiation1 prie/ly celibacy1 masses = ! dead1 & auricul> confession4 ,:5 ,h5ry di$ 9 #aedg ! ,engli% ,*ur* 0 ,roman 9 appe>ance4 ,except+ ! litany 9 ,engli%1 he left ! ritual v mu* z he f\nd x1 z he did ne>ly ! :ole framework ( religi\s belief4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 ! in/rum5t :]eby ?ree great b>ri]s to improvem5t--! papacy1 mona/icism1 & ,biblical ignorance--7 brok5 d[n4 ,! c\rse ( national ev5ts dur+ ,h5ry's latt] ye>s prep>$ ! c\ntry = t re=mation :i* x subsequ5tly embrac$4 ,a rem>kable ?+ connect$ ) ! issu+ ( ! ,bible1 9 ,engli%1 is t ,tyndale's ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* _h be5 publicly condemn$ 9 ,engl& at ! c\ncil call$ by 8 maje/y 9 ,may1 #aecj1 & copies ( x _h be5 burn$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's *ur*y>d1 :ile ,tyndale himself _h be5 track$ l a wild bea/ by ! emiss>ies ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 0 publi%$ 9 #aech1 by ! k+'s comm&1 to be sold & read by e p]son )\t dang] ( any act1 proclamation1 or ord9ance h]et(ore grant$ to ! contr>y4 ,copies ( x 7 plac$ 9 ! *ur*es = ! p to read1 & portions ( x 7 read f ! pulpit e ,sunday4 ,:5 ,h5ry di$ ! situation 0 difficult = ^? :o came aft] him4 ,a religi\s revolution _h be5 half accompli%$2 a social revolution 0 9 progress1 creat+ popul> f]m5t2 evict$ t5ants & uncloi/]$ monks =m$ raw mat]ial = revolt2 ! treasury 0 empty1 ! k+dom 9 debt1 & ! co9age debas$4 ,,*anges ,,made ,,by ,,edw>d ,,vi4 ,edw>d ,,vi1 a *ild 9 ye>s1 b1 mature 9 wisdom1 intellig5ce & virtue1 0 cr[n$ k+1 ,febru>y #bj1 #aedg4 ,he collect$ le>n$ m5 ar\nd him f e qu>t]1 & ord]$ ! k+dom to be purg$ entirely ( popi% fictions1 & a bett] religion to be publicly taught4 ,on ,july #ca/ ! c\ncil began ! *anges4 ,a s]ies ( injunctions 0 issu$ to ! cl]gy1 ord]+ !m to prea* aga9/ ! bi%ops ( ,rome's usurp$ p[] & jurisdiction2 to see t all images :i* _h be5 objects ( pilgrimages %\ld be de/roy$2 to read ! ,gospel & ,epi/les 9 ,engli% dur+ ! s]vice1 & to see t ! litany 0 no long] recit$ or sung 9 processions1 b said dev\tly kneel+4 ,! c\ncil 7 evid5tly anxi\s t ! :ole s]vice %\ld be conduct$ 9 ,engli%1 & t a s]mon %\ld always be a "p ( ! s]vice4 ,! fir/ ,p>liam5t ( ,edw>d ,,vi made great *anges 9 ! laws ( ,engl& affect+ treason1 :i* _h ! effect ( sweep+ away ! edifice ( absolute gov]nm5t :i* _h be5 s c>efully erect$ by ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,! k+ly supremacy 9 matt]s ( religion 0 ma9ta9$1 b all h]esy acts 7 repeal$1 giv+ ! p an unwont$ am\nt ( fre$om4 ,an act 0 pass$ orda9+ t ! mo/ bless$ sacram5t be h]eaft] commonly adm9i/]$ unto ! p 444 "u bo? k9ds1 t is to say1 ( bread & w9e1 except necessity o!rwise require4 ,an act 0 also pass$ p]mitt+ ! m>riage ( ! cl]gy4 ,! next important addition to ! progress ( ! ,re=mation 0 ! prep>ation ( a ,s]vice ,book1 commonly call$ ,! ,fir/ ,pray]-,book ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,x 0 introduc$ by an ,act ( ,uni=mity1 :i*1 aft] relat+ h[ !re _h be5 = a long "t 9 ,engl& div]s =ms ( common pray] 444 & t div]sity ( use caus$ _m inconv5i5ces1 orda9s ! univ]sal use ( ?is "o =m1 & enacts p5alties on ^? :o make use ( any o!r4 ,! *anges made 9 ! laws ( ,engl&--! repeal ( ! bloody /atute & ( ! treason laws--induc$ _m ( ! ,engli% refugees :o _h gone to ,g]many & ,switz]l& to return to _! native l&4 ,^!1 ) o!r le>n$ ,prote/ants1 :o 7 invit$ to come to ,engl&1 7 appo9t$ z tea*]s 9 ! ,engli% univ]sities4 ,?us ! ,new ,le>n+ made great /rides1 leav5+ all ! m cultur$ classes1 lead+ to ! discr$it ( ! old !ology1 & gave a /rong impulse to ! ,re=mation movem5t4 ,! feel+ ( ! populace *ang$ rapidly1 = in/ead ( res5t+ ! de/ruction ( images1 !y 7 r inspir$ by too mu* iconocla/ic zeal4 ,9 #aeeb1 ! ,second ,pray]-,book ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vi4 0 issu$4 :i* 0 en=c$ by ! second ,act ( ,uni=mity1 conta9+ p5alties aga9/ laym5 z well z cl]gym5--aga9/ a great numb] ( p 9 div]s p>ts ( ! realm1 :o did willfully refuse to come to _! p>i% *ur*es4 ,soon aft] !re foll[$ a new cre$ or /atem5t ( ! fundam5tal doctr9es receiv$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,?is is int]e/+ because !y =m ! basis ( ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles1 ! cre$ ( ! ,anglican ,*ur* ( today4 ,x 0 dur+ ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi t ,puritanism1 :i* became s prom95t 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe?1 fir/ manife/$ itself4 ,its two pr9cipal spokesm5 7 ,bi%ops ,hoop] & ,ridley4 ,hoop] 0 an ard5t foll[] ( ,zw+li1 & 0 e/eem$ to be ! lead] ( ! p>ty4 ,:ile ! ,re=mation 0 be+ pu%$ =w>d at a spe$ too great = ! majority ( ! p1 ,edw>d di$ 7,july #f1 #aeec71 & ! collapse ( ! ,re=mation aft]w>ds %[$ ! unc]ta9ty ( ! f\ndation on :i* x _h be5 built4 ,,bloody ,,m>y ,m>y1 ! daught] ( ,h5ry ,,viii & ,ca?>9e ( ,aragon1 0 cr[n$ ) great c]emony ,octob] #a1 #aeec1 & h] fir/ ,p>liam5t met f\r days lat]4 ,x rev]s$ a decision ( ! =m] ,p>liam5t1 & decl>$ t ,h5ry's m>riage ) ,ca?>9e _h be5 valid1 & t ,m>y 0 ! legitimate heir to ! ?rone2 & x repeal$ all ! religi\s legislation "u ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,on tak+ ! ?rone ,m>y promis$ to =ce no "o's religion1 b z soon z %e d>$ %e began to re/ore ,romanism ) a zeal t delight$ ! pope4 ,m>y 0 m>ri$ to ,philip ( ,spa9 ,janu>y #a1 #aeed2 b ! alliance 0 v unpopul> f ! fir/4 ,imm$iately aft] ! m>riage ! bloody acts ( ! trag$y 7 begun4 ,c>e 0 tak5 to elect to ,p>liam5t memb]s ( a wise1 grave & ,ca?olic sort4 ,?is body obta9$ ! pope's absolution ( ! nation = its guilt ( s*ism & aboli%$ all acts :i* made ! sov]eign ! supreme head ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,lat9 s]vice 0 re/or$4 ,fully half ( ! cl]gy 7 ?ru/ out ( _! (fices4 ,bi%op ,g>dn] secur$ ! passage ( ! t]rible edicts & laws1 & ,bi%op ,bonn] s appli$ !m z to ga9 ! title ( ! bloody4 ,! fires ( ,smi?field & ! ax at ! ,t[] 7 9 su* active s]vice dur+ f\r ye>s t "s f\r hundr$ m>tyrs left _! record ( fai? & triumph z "o ( pa9ful glories ( ! ,engli% ,re=mation4 ,among ^? burn$ 7 ,latim] & ,ridley4 ,b\nd to ! /ake ) 8 fri5d1 ,latim] said1 :5 ! light$ fagot 0 appli$3 ,be ( good com=t1 ,ma/] ,ridley1 & play ! man2 we %all ?is day1 by ,god's grace1 light su* a c&le 9 ,engl& z1 ,i tru/1 %all nev] be put out4 ,cranm] _h be5 ! decisive ag5t 9 ! divorce aga9/ ,ca?>9e1 ?us br&+ ! bir? ( h] daught]1 ,m>y1 z illegitimate4 ,?is ,m>y nev] =gave4 ,b !re 7 o!r motives4 ,to burn ! ,primate ( ! ,engli% ,*ur* = h]esy 0 to %ut out mean] victims f all hope ( escape4 ,he 0 m ?an any o!r man ! repres5tative ( ! religi\s revolution :i* _h pass$ ov] ! l&4 ,9 an h\r ( weakness1 & "u ! entreaties ( 8 fri5ds1 he recant$4 ,b 9 ! end he r$eem$ 8 mom5t>y weakness by a la/ act ( h]oism4 ,he knew t 8 recantations _h be5 publi%$1 & t any fur!r decl>ation made w\ld probably be suppress$ by 8 unscrupul\s antagoni/s4 ,he resolv$ by a s+le action to defeat _! calculations & /amp 8 s9c]ity on ! memories ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,8 dy+ spee* 0 sil5c$1 z he might well h expect$2 b he _h made up 8 m9d to some?+ t c\ld n be /ifl$4 ,9 8 spee* he said3 ,& n[ ,i come to ! great ?+ t s tr\ble? my consci5ce1 m ?an any o!r ?+ t ,i said or did 9 my life3 & t is my sett+ abroad ( writ+s contr>y to ! tru?1 :i* "h n[ ,i r5\nce & refuse z ?+s writt5 ) my h& contr>y to ! tru? :i* ,i ?\ght 9 my he>t1 & writt5 = fe> ( dea?1 & to save my life1 if x might be2 & t is all su* bills :i* ,i h writt5 or sign$ ) m9e own h& s9ce my degradation2 :]e9 ,i h writt5 _m ?+s untrue4 ,& =asmu* z my h& (f5d$ 9 writ+ contr>y to my he>t1 x %all be fir/ burn$4 ,& z = ! pope1 ,i refuse him z ,*ri/'s enemy & anti*ri/1 ) all 8 false doctr9e & z = ! sacram5t-- ,he got no fur!r2 8 foes _h be5 dumb ) amazem5t1 b n[ _! p5t-up feel+s broke loose4 ,/op ! h]etic's m\?6 cri$ "o2 ,take him away6 cri$ ano!r2 ,rememb] y\r recantations & d n dissemble6 cri$ ,"l ,williams4 ,alas1 my "l1 repli$ ,cranm]1 ,i h be5 a man t all my life lov$ pla9ness1 & nev] dissembl$ till n[ aga9/ ! tru?2 = :i* ,i am sorry2 & he seiz$ ! occasion to add t z = ! sacram5t1 he believ$ t x %\ld be adm9i/]$ 9 bo? k9ds4 ,! tumult r$\bl$4 ,cranm] 0 dragg$ f ! /age & l$ to ! place :]e ,ridley & ,latim] _h be5 burn$4 ,! fri>s ceas$ n to ply him ) exhortations3 ,die n 9 desp]ation1 cri$ "o2 ,?\ %alt drag innum]able s\ls to hell1 cri$ ano!r4 ,on rea*+ ! appo9t$ place he 0 b\nd to ! /ake ) a /eel b&1 & fire 0 set to ! fagots ( wood :i* made 8 fun]al pyre4 ,z ! flames leap$ up1 he /ret*$ up 8 "r h&1 say+ ) a l\d voice1 ,?is h& ha? (f5d$1 & held x firmly 9 ! fire till x 0 consum$4 ,no cry escap$ 8 lips & no movem5t betray$ 8 pa94 ,if ! m>tyrdom ( ,ridley & ,latim] light$ ! tor*1 ,cranm]'s spread ! conflagration :i* 9 ! end burnt up ! ,roman ,ca?olic reaction & made ,engl& a ,prote/ant nation4 ,! dea? ( ,cranm] 0 foll[$ by a long succession ( m>tyrdoms4 ,m>y tri$ mo/ desp]ately to re/ore ,romanism 9 its fullness1 b fail$1 & di$ ,novemb] #ag1 #aeeh1 ! unhappie/ ( que5s1 & wives1 & wom54 ,! p :o _h welcom$ h] :5 %e 0 cr[n$1 call$ h] ,bloody ,m>y--a "n :i* 01 aft] all1 s well des]v$ t x w always rema94 ,ea* disappo9tm5t %e took z a w>n+ f heav5 t atonem5t _h n yet be5 paid = ,engl&'s crimes1 & ! fires ( p]secution 7 kept burn+ to appease ! ,god ( ,roman ,ca?olicism4 ,,elizabe?1 ,,! ,,prote/ant ,,que5 ,! p ( ,engl& 7 com+ to ! conclusion t ,elizabe? mu/ be que51 or civil w> w\ld result4 ,x seem$ also assum$ t %e w\ld be a ,prote/ant4 ,_m ?+s contribut$ to create su* expectations4 ,! "y intellectual life ( ,engl& 0 sl[ly becom+ ,prote/ant4 ,?is 0 especially ! case among ! "y ladies ( ! upp] classes1 :o 7 becom+ /ud5ts le>n$ 9 ,lat91 ,greek & ,italian1 & at ! same "t dev\t ,prote/ants1 ) a di/9ct lean+ to :at aft]w>ds became ,puritanism4 ,! common p _h be5 %[+ _! hatr$ ( ,roman ,ca?olicism1 & images & religi\s p]sons 7 treat$ disrespectfully4 ,x 0 obs]v$ t ,elizabe? 0 v mu* w$d$ to ! p & ?9ks z !y d1 & t h] attitude 0 mu* m graci\s to ! common p ?an to o!rs4 ,! burn+ ( ,prote/ants1 & especially ! execution ( ,cranm]1 _h /irr$ ! indignation ( ! populace ( ,london & ! s\? c\ntries aga9/ ,romanism1 & ! feel+s 7 spread+ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! accession ( ,elizabe?1 ! daught] ( ,h5ry ,,viii & ,anne ,boleyn1 to ! ?rone1 gave new life to ! ,re=mation4 ,z soon z x 0 kn[n beyond ! sea1 mo/ ( ! exiles return$ home1 & ^? :o _h hid !mselves 9 ! h\ses ( _! fri5ds began to appe>2 b ! public religi\s s]vice cont9u$ = a "t ! same z ,m>y left x--! popi% prie/s /ill celebrat$ mass & kept _! liv+s4 ,none ( ! ,prote/ant cl]gy :o _h be5 eject$ 9 ! la/ reign 7 re/or$2 & ord]s 7 giv5 aga9/ all innovations )\t public au?ority4 ,! only ?+ ,elizabe? did be=e ! meet+ ( ,p>liam5t 0 to prev5t pulpit disputes4 ,elizabe? 0 cr[n$ on ,janu>y #ae1 #aeei4 ,! bi%ops swore fealty to ! new que51 b took no "p 9 ! coronation ( "o s pla9ly a h]etic4 ,h] fir/ ,p>liam5t pass$ a new act ( supremacy 9 :i* ! que5 0 decl>$ to be ! only supreme gov]nor ( ?is realm1 z well 9 spiritual or ecclesia/ical ?+s or causes z temporal4 ,:ile n proclaim$ z ,supreme ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 all ! dra/ic p[]s claim$ by ,h5ry ,,viii 7 giv5 to h]4 ,x may ev5 be said t ! ecclesia/ical jurisdiction be/[$ ^u h] 0 m ext5sive ?an t giv5 to h] fa!r1 = s*isms 7 add$ to ! li/ ( matt]s subject to ! que5's correction1 & %e 0 emp[]$ to delegate h] au?ority to commission]s1 ?us enabl+ h] to ex]cise h] supreme gov]nor%ip 9 a way to be felt 9 e corn] ( ! l&4 ,! same ,p>liam5t pass$ ! ,act ( ,uni=mity1 :i* ?reat5$ all non-con=mi/s ) f9es & imprisonm5t1 & _! m9i/]s ) deposition & bani%m5t4 ,:5 ! provisions ( ! act began to be en=c$1 a numb] ( ! non-con=mi/ m9i/]s :o dem&$ a great] purity ( ! *ur* 7h5ce ! "n ,puritan71 a simple1 spiritual =m ( wor%ip1 a /rict *ur* discipl9e1 & a ,presbyt]ian =m ( gov]nm5t1 organiz$ sep>ate congregations 9 connection ) presbyt]ies1 & a consid]able portion ( ! cl]gy & laity ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* sympa?iz$ ) !m4 ,! rupture 0 wid5$ 9 #aeib by an act ( ,p>liam5t t all :o ob/9ately refus$ to att5d public wor%ip1 or l$ o!rs to d s1 %\ld be imprison$ & submit1 or aft] ?ree mon?s be bani%$1 & aga9 9 #aeie :5 ! ,presbyt]ians appli$ ! ,mosaic ,sabba? laws to ! ,"l's day1 & :5 ,calv9's doctr9es ( pr$e/9ation excit$ animat$ disputes4 ,9 our /udy ( ! ,re=mation we h f\nd t ! pret5tions ( ,roman ,ca?olic infallibility 7 replac$ by a n less uncompromis+ & intol]ant dogmatism1 avail+ itself1 l ! o!r1 ( ! secul> p[]1 & arrogat+ to itself1 l ! o!r1 ! assi/ance ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,! mis*ief f ?is e>ly ab&onm5t ( ! "r ( free inquiry is z evid5t z its inconsi/5cy ) ! pr9ciples ^u :i* ! re=m]s _h act$ = !mselves4 ,h5ce "u ! ,prote/ant bann] !re arose sect>ian *ur*es1 pr(ess+ to take ! ,bible alone z _! rule ( fai? & practice1 :5 assail+ ! claims ( ,rome1 & yet b9d+ by cre$s1 unkn[n to ! ,bible1 all embrac$ )9 _! folds2 till ,prote/antism becomes z cre$-b\nd z ,romanism4 ,tak+ into view ! l>g] results ( ?is inconsi/5cy1 !y br+ "u notice ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 ! ,/ate *ur*es ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 z well z non-con=mi/ *ur*es :i* h aris5 f !m4 ,bible int]pretation by ! dogmatic & my/ic me?ods ev5 be=e ! dea? ( ,lu!r1 b m int5sely aft]w>d1 made ! ,lu!ran *ur*es a v ,babeldom4 ,!n came ,=ms ( ,concord1 made obligatory1 ea* "o result+ 9 fur!r discord4 ,lu!rans ackn[l$ge ! head ( ! ,/ate z ! supreme visible rul] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! supreme direction ( ecclesia/ical affairs is ve/$ 9 ! c\ncils or bo>ds1 g5]ally appo9t$ by ! sov]eign t]m$ consi/ories1 consi/+ ( bo? laym5 & m9i/]s4 ,! ,lu!ran e/abli%$ *ur*es are s int]wov5 ) ! ,/ate z to be usually dep5d5t on x4 ,!y are almo/ de/itute ( discipl9e1 &1 9 "s places1 exclude diss5t4 ,dr4 ,s*aff says3 ,! congregations rema9$ almo/ z passive z ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,!y h1 9 ,europe1 n ev5 ! "r ( elect+ _! pa/or4 ,!y are exclusively rul$ by _! m9i/]s1 z !y are rul$ by ! prov9cial consi/ories1 always presid$ ov] by a layman1 ! prov9cial consi/ory by a c5tral consi/ory1 & ?is aga9 by ! m9i/] ( wor%ip & public in/ruction1 :o is ! imm$iate organ ( ! ecclesia/ical supremacy ( ! cr[n4 ,add to ?is infant baptism & infant memb]%ip1 & !n y h ! _w 9 ! ,*ur*1 & a /ate ( ?+s1 if n s bad z t ( ,rome1 yet z completely unlike ! apo/olic *ur*es1 & z wide a dep>ture f :at mu/ result f surr5d] to ! ,bible alone & submission to ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les z x 7 possible to rea*4 ,! ,re=mation 9 ,engl& 0 fraught ) imm5se bless+s to ! _w at l>ge1 ! advantage ( :i* ! ,engli% p n[ enjoy4 ,b 9 ,engl&'s s-call$ ,prote/ant ,*ur* !re is no trace ( ! ?ree fundam5tal pr9ciples enunciat$ by ! re=m]s3 7#a7 ,! ,bible ! only rule ( fai? & practice4 7#b7 ,! duty ( e man to judge ! ,bible = himself4 7#c7 ,! prie/hood ( e memb] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,in/ead ( ! ,bible only z ! rule ( fai? & practice1 !y h cre$s & ,p>liam5t>y control ( *ur* s]vices2 9 place ( ! duty ( e man to int]pret ! ,bible = himself1 ?is same ,/ate ,*ur* has burn$ & hung ,roman ,ca?olics & ,diss5t]s1 ! "o = hold+ too mu* ,romanism1 & ! o!r = n hold+ z mu* z ! k+ & ! cl]gy 7 pleas$ to dem&4 ,!n1 9 lieu ( ! prie/hood ( e memb]1 !re is a limit$ prie/hood1 diff]+ b little f t ( ,rome2 ) infant baptism1 infant memb]%ip1 & num]\s o!r human inv5tions mak+ void ! comm&m5ts ( ,god4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,re=mation ,,9 ,,scotl& ,_h ,i ! "t & space ,i w\ld be glad to give a hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation 9 ,scotl& "u ,john ,knox & o!rs4 ,aft] all ! prolong$ suff]+ & conflict1 x has preci\s little m ( ,prote/antism ?an is common 9 ! ,engli% ,/ate ,*ur*4 ,!re we also f9d ! reign+ mon>* repres5t$ 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly by a nobleman1 z ,"l ,high ,commission]1 :o1 on "s occasions1 has tak5 ^u himself to dissolve ! ,assembly )\t ! cons5t ( its memb]s4 ,9 #ahdc a conflict betwe5 ! ecclesia/ical & civil c\rts br\ght ab\t a great disruption1 giv+ rise to ! ,free ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 s t !re is also ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,free ,*ur*4 ,b ^! two ,g5]al ,assemblies are n on equal foot+--9 ! v nature ( ! case c\ld n be4 ,9 ! "o1 ! proce$+s ( ! ,assembly c>ry ) !m ! sanction ( ! law1 back$ by ! civil p[]2 :ile ^? ( ! o!r h no su* sanction1 & are only b9d+ ^u will+ adh]5ts1 :o1 by tacit agreem5t1 are "u moral obligation4 ,! "o is a corporate body 9 ! eye ( ! law2 ! o!r entirely volunt>y4 ,b bo? bodies hold t ! acts ( _! respective assemblies are b9d+ ^u _! *ur*es4 ,consequ5tly ^? *ur*es are 9 subjection to a rule ( :i* ! apo/olic *ur*es knew no?+1 &1 !re=e1 are n 9 fai? & practice 9 subjection to ! ,bible alone4 ,! ,confession ( ,fai? is ! /&>d ( appeal4 ,infant baptism1 infant memb]%ip1 & num]\s o!r dep>tures f apo/olic ,*ri/ianity /& out to refute any claims t ^! *ur*es ( ,scotl& might put 94 ,!y may prote/ aga9/ ,rome or ,episcopacy1 b :at matt]s t1 z ! ,bible prote/s all ( !m8 ,,! ,,indep5d5ts ,b x is n to be suppos$1 ev5 ?\gh ! multitudes settl$ d[n 9 violation ( _! pr(ess$ pr9ciples1 t all w\ld refra9 f a full] application ( !m4 ,h5ce ! multiplication ( di/9ct p>ties1 ea* claim+ to be ! *ur*1 or a ne>] approa* to ! *ur* z orda9$ by ,*ri/4 ,com+ out 9 ?is way f ! ,engli% ,/ate ,*ur* we f9d ! ,indep5d5ts1 :o sacrific$ prop]ty1 lib]ty & life4 ,!y 7 glad to escape to ,holl& or to ?is c\ntry4 ,o!rs suff]$ on & aid$ l>gely to w9 aga9/ a p]secut+ ,/ate ,*ur* ! lib]ties ! p n[ enjoy4 ,belknap's ,life ( ,rob9son gives ! foll[+ pr9ciples z und]ly+ _! *ur* organization3 7#a7 ,t no *ur* ought to consi/ ( m memb]s ?an c meet 9 "o place = wor%ip & discipl9e4 7#b7 ,t a *ur* ( ,*ri/ is to consi/ only ( su* z appe> to believe 9 & obey him4 7#c7 ,t any compet5t numb] ( su* h a "r1 :5 consci5ce obliges !m1 to =m !mselves into a di/9ct *ur*4 7#d7 ,t1 be+ ?us incorporat$1 !y h a "r to *oose _! own (fic]s4 7#e7 ,t ^! (fic]s are tea*+ eld]s1 rul+ eld]s1 & deacons4 7#f7 ,t eld]s be+ *os5 & orda9$ h no p[] to rule ! *ur*1 b by cons5t ( ! bre?r54 7#g7 ,t all eld]s & all *ur*es are equal 9 respect to p[] & privileges4 7#h7 ,t ! ,"l's ,supp] is to be receiv$ sitt+ at ! table4 7,:5 9 ,holl& !y obs]v$ x e ,"l's day47 7#i7 ,t ecclesia/ical c5sures are :olly spiritual1 & n to be accompani$ ) temporal p5alties4 ,!y admitt$ no holy days b ! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?1 ?\gh !y _h occasional days ( fa/+ & ?anksgiv+2 & f9ally !y _h r5\nc$ all human inv5tions or impositions on religi\s matt]s4 ,9 ,scotl& we f9d ,congregational pr9ciples z f> back z ! ,commonweal?4 ,indep5d5cy _h obta9$ mu* hold 9 ,engl& among all classes4 ,! soldi]s ( ,cromwell c>ri$ _! pr9ciples ) !m1 & are said to h =m$ a ,congregational *ur* 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,b t *ur* 0 n p]man5t1 & we f9d no?+ ( *ur*es ( l ord] 9 ,scotl& till #agbf1 :5 ,john ,glass1 an eloqu5t & able m9i/]1 ) av[$ convictions 9 h>mony ) ^? ( ! ,engli% ,indep5d5ts1 )drew f ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& & =m$ *ur*es 9 mo/ ( ! l>ge t[ns ( ,scotl&4 ,^! *ur*es 7 call$ ,glassite4 ,mr4 ,glass & 8 adh]5ts taught3 7#a7 ,t national e/abli%m5ts ( religion are unlawful & inconsi/5t ) ! true nature ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,t ! *ur* be+ spiritual1 ought to consi/ only ( true spiritual m54 7#b7 ,t a congregation ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ) its eld]s1 is 9 its discipl9e subject to no jurisdiction "u heav51 save t ( ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les4 7#c7 ,t ea* *ur* %\ld h a plurality ( eld]s or bi%ops1 *os5 by ! *ur*1 accord+ to in/ruction giv5 to ,timo?y & ,titus1 )\t reg>d to previ\s education = ! (fice1 cont9u\s engagem5t 9 secul> employm5t be+ no disqualification4 7#d7 ,t ! *ur*es obs]ve ! ,"l's ,supp] on ! fir/ day ( e week2 & t love fea/s be held1 aft] ! example ( ! primitive ,*ri/ians4 7#e7 ,t mutual exhortations be practic$ on ! ,"l's day1 any memb] able to edify be+ at lib]ty to address ! *ur*4 7#f7 ,t a weekly collection be made 9 connection ) ! ,"l's ,supp] 9 aid ( ! poor1 & = necess>y exp5ses4 ,mr4 ,glass 0 l>gely eclips$ by ,rob]t ,s&eman1 ^: activity wield$ a wide influ5ce4 ,^? :o adh]$ to 8 tea*+s 7 call$ ,s&emanians4 ,s&eman prom95tly repudiat$ t mis*iev\s my/icism :i* views sav+ fai? z an inspiration directly f ! ,holy ,_s4 ,8 tea*+ has be5 ?us summ>iz$3 ,"o ?+ is ne$ful1 :i* he call$ ! sole requisite to ju/ification1 or acceptance ) ,god4 ,by ! sole requisite to ju/ification1 he und]/ood ! "w f9i%$ by ,*ri/ 9 8 dea?1 prov$ by 8 resurrection to be all suffici5t to ju/ify ! guilty2 t ! :ole b5efit ( ?is is convey$ to m5 only by ! apo/olic report conc]n+ x2 t e "o :o und]/&s ?is report to be true1 or is p]suad$ t ! ev5ts actually happ5$1 z te/ifi$ by ! apo/les1 is ju/ifi$1 & f9ds relief to 8 guilty consci5ce2 t he is reliev$ n by f9d+ any favorable symptom ab\t 8 he>t1 b by f9d+ _! report to be true2 t ! ev5t itself1 :i* is report$1 becomes 8 relief s soon z x /&s true 9 8 m9d1 & accord+ly becomes 8 fai?2 t all ! div9e p[] :i* op]ates 9 ! m9ds ( m51 ei!r to give ! fir/ relief to _! consci5ces1 or to influ5ce !m 9 e "p ( _! ob$i5ce to ! ,gospel1 is p]suasive p[]1 or ! =cible conviction ( tru?4 ,f ?is we see t he saw ) "s degree ( cle>ness ! nature ( fai?1 b n t ! div9e economy provides t fai? %all be p]fect$ by surr5d] to an ord9ance ( ! ,"l's own appo9tm5t4 ,on "s o!r po9ts 9 reg>d to fai? he 0 m or less confus$4 ,he advocat$ ! weekly obs]vance ( ! ,"l's ,supp]2 love fea/s2 weekly contribution = ! poor2 mutual exhortation ( memb]s2 plurality ( eld]s2 conditional community ( goods2 & approv$ ( !at]s & public & private div]sions1 :5 n connect$ ) circum/ances really s9ful4 ,8 influ5ce ext5d$ to ! nor? ( ,irel&1 b ! p !re did n adopt all 8 views4 ,!y att5d$ weekly to ! ,"l's ,supp]1 contributions1 etc41 b 7 oppos$ to go+ to !at]s or su* places ( amusem5t2 to ! doctr9e ( ! community ( goods2 feet wa%+1 etc41 z advocat$ by ,s&eman4 ,s&eman's influ5ce ext5d$ also to ,engl& & to ?is c\ntry4 ,,haldane ,,& ,,aikman ,at ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury spiritual religion 9 ,scotl& 0 at a v l[ ebb4 ,!n village prea*+ & ext5sive it9]>ies 7 ent]$ ^u by ,james ,a4 ,haldane & ,john ,aikman4 ,!y 7 memb]s ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,!y took 9 h& prea*+ t\rs unau?oriz$ by ! cl]gy4 ,!y 7 laym51 & prea*+ by su* m5 0 !n a /range ?+ 9 ,scotl&4 ,_! labors 7 s f> successful t a revival ( spiritual life set 9 at _m places & a _s ( inquiry 0 ar\s$4 ,!y made successive t\rs ?r\gh\t all ,scotl&1 z f> z ! ,orkney ,isl&s4 ,!n ,rob]t ,haldane turn$ 8 att5tion to ! spiritual ne$s ( 8 native l&1 & det]m9$ to devote 8 l>ge =tune to spread+ ! ,gospel ?r\gh its b5ight$ di/ricts4 ,?is l$ to ! =mation ( a society = ! dissem9ation ( religi\s k1 & to ! employm5t ( "y m5 ( kn[n piety to plant & sup]9t5d ev5+ s*ools = ! in/ruction ( ! "y 9 religi\s tru?s4 ,?is movem5t grew to consid]able proportions4 ,b x met ) det]m9$ opposition1 bo? f ,presbyt]ian ,diss5t]s & ! ,e/abli%$ cl]gy4 ,! decrees 7 fulm9at$ by entire bodies1 z ! ,relief ,synod1 obvi\sly level$ aga9/ ! dev\t & ard5t it9]ants4 ,9 l _s ! ,antiburg] ,synod decre$3 ,t z lay prea*+ has no w>rant 9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 & z ! ,synod has always consid]$ x _! duty to te/ify aga9/ promiscu\s communion1 no p]son "u ! inspection ( ! ,synod c1 consi/5tly ) ^! pr9ciples1 att5d ^u or give c\nt5ance to public prea*+ by any :o are n ( our community2 & if any d s !y ought to be dealt ) by ! judicatories ( ! ,*ur*1 to br+ !m to a s5se ( _! (f5sive conduct4 ,go+ beyond ?is1 ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( #agii accus$ ! it9]ant prea*]s ( be+ artful & design+ m51 disaffect$ to ! evil con/itution ( ! c\ntry1 hold+ secret meet+s1 & abus+ ! "n ( lib]ty z a cov] = a secret democracy & an>*y4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is opposition a *ur* 0 =m$ ( "s f\rte5 p]sons 9 a private h\se on ,george ,/reet1 ,ed9burgh1 :i* 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,tab]nacle ,*ur* ,lei? ,walk1 9 :i* ,james ,haldane ev5tually became m9i/]1 9 :i* capacity he ex]cis$1 )\t any emolum5t1 all ! public & private duties ) unbrok5 fidelity & zeal = a p]iod ( fifty ye>s4 ,= "s "t ?is *ur* 0 cont5t ) mon?ly communion1 b 9 #ahjb x resolv$ to spread ! ,"l's table on ! fir/ day ( e week4 ,by ! close ( #ahjg "s eighty-five ,indep5d5t *ur*es _h be5 e/abli%$4 ,out ( ?is movem5t a fur!r advance took place1 & !nce arose ,bapti/ *ur*es 9 ,scotl&4 ,,! ,,scot* ,,bapti/s ,*ur*es hold+ ! imm]sion ( believ]s z ! only au?oriz$ baptism h1 possibly1 /ood out aga9/ ! apo/asy 7n z ,bapti/s71 ev5 f ! days ( ! apo/les1 ?\gh frequ5tly driv5 into hid+ places by ! =ce ( p]secution & = ! pres]vation ( _! fai? & ord] & also ( _! lives4 ,conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! ,bapti/s 9 ,engl& ,i %all n dwell2 ?\gh _! e>ly hi/ory is v int]e/+1 & f> m 9 accord ) ! apo/olic /yle ?an ! pres5t-day ,bapti/s4 ,pass+ at once to ,scotl&1 ,i f9d no trace ( ,bapti/ *ur*es till ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 except+ "o ( %ort duration =m$ by soldi]s ( ,cromwell's army4 ,! e>lie/ ,scot* ,bapti/ ,*ur* is said to h be5 =m$ 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #agfe "u ! ef=ts ( ,rob]t ,c>mi*ael1 :o _h be5 a m9i/] 9 ! ,antiburg] ,*ur* at ,c\p>-,augus2 b lat] became m9i/] ( an ,indep5d5t ,*ur* 7,glassite7 9 ,ed9burgh1 ( :i* ,ar*ibald ,mc,lean 0 a memb]4 ,e>ly 9 life a /rong impression _h be5 made on ! m9d ( ,mc,lean by ! prea*+ ( ,george ,:itfield4 ,9 #agfb he )drew f ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ,scotl& & unit$ ) ?is ,indep5d5t ,*ur*4 ,b x 0 n long till "s tr\ble arose ov] a case ( discipl9e :i* result$ 9 ! )drawal ( bo? ,c>mi*ael & ,mc,lean f ! *ur*4 ,:ile ?us /&+ alo( f *ur* memb]%ip !y direct$ _! att5tion to baptism4 ,mc,lean1 n hav+ read a l9e ^u ! subject1 w5t c>efully ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ) ! inquiry be=e him1 ,:at is baptism8 ,?is l$ him to ! firm conviction t only ^? capable ( believ+ 9 ,*ri/ are its subjects & t x mu/ be p]=m$ by imm]sion ( ! :ole body 9 wat]4 ,a ye> lat] ,c>mi*ael rea*$ ! same conclusion4 ,he !n w5t to ,london :]e he 0 imm]s$ by ,dr4 ,gill at ,b>bican1 ,octob] #i1 #agfe4 ,on return+ to ,ed9burgh1 he baptiz$ ,mc,lean & six o!rs1 & =m$ a ,bapti/ *ur*4 ,9 #agfi1 ,c>mi*ael mov$ to ,dundee1 & ,mc,lean became m9i/] ( ! newly-=m$ *ur*4 ,o!r *ur*es ( imm]s$ believ]s 7 soon plant$ 9 ,glasg[1 ,dundee1 ,montrose & o!r places1 & ! s5tim5t 9 favor ( return+ to ! scriptural act ( baptiz+ grew among ! p4 ,! m>k$ piety & noble dis9t]e/$ness ( ,ar*ibald ,mc,lean /& out z wor?y ( all admiration4 ,8 labors 7 imm5se & giv5 gratuit\s1 z he p]si/$ 9 cont9u+ 9 employm5t z ov]se] ( a pr9t+ e/abli%m5t4 ,z ,scot* ,bapti/ *ur*es multipli$ !re arose a di/urb+ elem5t4 ,mc,lean & o!rs held ! necessity ( an orda9$ eld]s to ! prop] obs]vance ( ! ,"l's ,supp]2 consequ5tly1 not)/&+ t !y taught ! importance ( obs]v+ ! ,"l's ,supp] on ! fir/ day ( e week1 x _h to be omitt$ :5 an orda9$ eld] c\ld n be pres5t4 ,b ere long o!rs among !m saw m light & insi/$ t eld]s 7 n ess5tial to ! be+ ( a *ur*1 t ! *ur* exi/$ be=e its eld]%ip1 & t :]e ! *ur* is ! ,"l's table %\ld be spread on ! fir/ day ( e week1 irrespective ( ! pres5ce ( an orda9$ eld]4 ,?is l$ to cont5tion1 &1 inde$1 to sep>ation4 ,b tru? w n d[n4 ,we may g ) x any di/ance we please1 b :5 we say1 ,?us f> & no f>!r1 tru? /ruggles to remove ! h9drances ?r[n across its pa?1 & 9 ! end />ts on afre% to complete ! j\rney4 ,z leav5 w p]meate s tru? mu/ influ5ce m or less ! mass into :i* x is ca/4 ,f ,scotl& ! pr9ciples associat$ ) ! names ( ! ,haldanes1 ,c>mi*ael & ,mc,lean f\nd receptive he>ts 9 ,wales4 ,ev5 9 ,irel&1 also1 !re 0 9 m5's m9ds ! /ruggl+ ( tru? & error1 ! p>tial expulsion ( ! false by ! true1 ! consequ5t advance to apo/olic fai? & ord]1 & fall+ %ort ( a complete return !reto1 not)/&+ progress call+ = ?ankful recognition4 ,,! ,,sep>ati/s ,ab\t ! ye> #ahjb !re 7 a few p]sons 9 ,dubl91 mo/ ( !m connect$ ) ! religi\s e/abli%m5ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! mo/ not$ among !m 7 ,john ,walk]1 ,g4 ,c>r & ,dr4 ,d>by1 all ( :om organiz$ religi\s bodies1 diff]+ 9 m9or po9ts f "o ano!r4 ,_! att5tion 0 direct$ to ,*ri/ian fell[%ip1 z !y p]ceiv$ x to h exi/$ among ! disciples 9 apo/olic times4 ,!y conclud$ f ! /udy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t t all ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 9 any place 7 connect$ toge!r 9 ! close/ bro!rhood2 & t z _! connection 0 gr\nd$ on ! "o apo/olic gospel :i* !y believ$1 s x 0 altoge!r regulat$ by ! precepts deliv]$ to !m by ! apo/les1 z ! div9ely commission$ ambassadors ( ,*ri/4 ,!y 7 conv9c$ t e dep>ture ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians f ?is c\rse mu/ h orig9at$ 9 a )draw+ ( _! allegiance f ! ,k+ ( ,zion1 & 9 ! turn+ away f ! in/ruction ( ! inspir$ apo/les2 t ! au?ority ( _! ^w1 be+ div9e1 0 un*angeable1 & t x c n h be5 annull$ by or weak5$ by ! lapse ( ages1 by ! v>y+ cu/oms ( diff]5t nations1 or by ! enactm5ts ( e>?ly legislators4 ,) su* views 9 _! m9ds !y set out 9 ! attempt to return fully to ! c\rse m>k$ out 9 ! ,scriptures2 p]suad$ t !y 7 n call$ to make any laws or regulations = _! union1 b simply to le>n & adh]e to ! law record$ 9 ! div9e ,^w4 ,_! numb] soon increas$2 & = "s "t !y did n see t ! union :i* !y ma9ta9$ ) ea* o!r1 on ! pr9ciples ( scripture1 0 at all inconsi/5t ) ! cont9uance ( _! connection ) ! v>i\s religi\s bodies r\nd !m4 ,b aft] a "t !y 7 conv9c$ t ^! two ?+s 7 utt]ly incompatible2 & t ! same div9e rule :i* regulat$ _! fell[%ip ) ea* o!r =bade !m to ma9ta9 any religi\s fell[%ip ) o!rs4 ,f ?is view1 & ! practice consequ5t ^u x1 !y 7 call$ ,sep>ati/s4 ,!y held t ev5 two or ?ree disciples 9 any "o place1 unit$ toge!r 9 ! fai? ( ! apo/olic gospel1 & 9 ob$i5ce to ! apo/olic precepts1 con/itute ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 t place4 ,!y held t ! only good & sure hope t[>d ,god = any s9n] is by ! belief ( ?is te/imony conc]n+ ! great ?+s ( ,god & 8 salvation4 ,& z !y und]/ood by fai?1 ) :i* ju/ification & et]nal life 7 connect$1 no?+ else b belief ( ! ?+s decl>$ to all alike 9 ! ,scriptures1 s by rep5tance !y und]/ood no?+ else b ! new m9d :i* t belief produces4 ,ev]y?+ call$ rep5tance1 b antec$5t to ! belief ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 or unconnect$ ) x1 !y consid]$ spuri\s & evil4 ,!y consid]$ ! idea ( any successors to ! apo/les or ( any *ange ( ,*ri/'s laws z utt]ly un*ri/ian1 & did n tol]ate any m5 ( ! cl]ical type among !m4 ,!y believ$ t ! ,scriptures taught ! community ( goods4 ,!y held t !re is no sanction 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t = ! obs]vance ( ! fir/ day ( ! week z ! ,sabba?2 & t ! ,jewi% ,sabba? 0 "o ( ! %ad[s ( good ?+s to come1 :i* pass$ away on ! completion ( ! "w ( ,jesus on ! cross4 ,!y believ$ !mselves b\nd to meet toge!r on ! fir/ day ( ! week1 ! memorial day ( ,*ri/'s resurrection1 to %[ 8 dea?1 9 p>tak+ ( bread & w9e1 z ! symbols ( 8 body & 8 blood %$ = ! remission ( s9s4 ,9 _! assembly !y jo9$ toge!r 9 ! v>i\s ex]cises ( praise & pray]1 read+ ! ,scriptures1 exhort+ & admoni%+ "o ano!r z bre?r5 accord+ to _! sev]al gifts & ability2 contribut$ ( _! means & salut$ ea* o!r ) an holy kiss4 ,9 ! same assemblies !y att5d$1 z occasion requir$1 to ! discipl9e appo9t$ by ! apo/les1 = remov+ any evil t might appe> 9 ! body4 ,:5 any bre?r5 appe>$ among !m possess+ all ! qualifications ( ! (fice ( eld]s or ov]se]s1 :i* are m>k$ 9 ! apo/olic writ+s1 !y ?\ght !mselves call$ ^u to ackn[l$ge !m z bre?r5 9 t (fice1 z ! gifts ( ! ,"l to 8 *ur*4 ,!y held !mselves b\nd to live z peaceable & quiet subjects ( any gov]nm5t "u :i* ! provid5ce ( ,god plac$ !m2 to implicitly obey all human ord9ances :i* did n int]f]e ) _! subjection to _! heav5ly ,k+4 ,! baptism ( believ]s 0 ca/ aside z anti-,*ri/ian1 except 9 ! case ( ! hea!n1 :o on conv]sion _h made no previ\s confession ( fai?4 ,_! mi/ake lay 9 ! belief t baptism 0 int5d$ to m>k ! m]e pr(ession ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,!y fail$ to see t x 0 comm&$ by ! ,"l himself to foll[ ^u a real believ+ ) ! he>t1 & a confession ) ! m\?4 ,any act call$ baptism prior to t is n ! ord9ance ( ,*ri/1 & /&s = no?+4 ,! "t = baptism is s soon z t believ+ confession & he>t tru/ exi/s z a fact4 ,s long z x rema9s unp]=m$ aft] t !re is a cessation 9 t p>ticul> ( compliance ) ! div9e comm&1 :i* %\ld be t]m9at$ by ob$i5ce s soon z possible4 ,:ile ^! p 7 scriptural 9 a numb] ( ?+s1 9 o!rs !y fell f> %ort ( return+ to apo/olic ,*ri/ianity4 ,s we mu/ cont9ue our se>*4 ,z we h already se51 !re 0 a great /ruggle 9 ,europe to escape f ! direful effects ( dep>ture f apo/olic simplicity4 ,^! ef=ts br\ght =? _m sects1 & ea* sect f\ght desp]ately to secure ! ,bible )9 its own p>ty by ! spiritual fett]s ( p>tisan int]pretation4 ,! cl]gy ( ea* d5om9ation1 arrogat+ to !mselves ! claim ( be+ its div9ely-au?oriz$ exp\nd]s1 caus$ x to speak only 9 ! int]e/ ( _! sect1 & ?us ! ,bible 0 made to speak 9 def5se ( ea* p>ticul> cre$4 ,deta*$ s5t5ces1 relat+ to matt]s :olly di/9ct & irrelevant1 7 plac$ 9 impos+ array 9 support ( positions assum$ by human lead]s2 ! p1 on ! o!r h&1 seem$ to h quietly surr5d]$ into ! h&s ( ! cl]gy all p[] ( discrim9ation & all indep5d5ce 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,x seem$ va9 t ! ,bible _h be5 put into ! h&s ( ! p 9 _! "m tongue1 s9ce ! cl]gy _h succe$$ 9 impos+ ^u x a seal :i* ! laity d>$ n break1 s t :ile ,prote/ants 7 delight$ t !y 7 9 possession ( ! ,bible1 x 01 9 fact1 little else ?an an empty boa/1 s long z !y c\ld be p]suad$ t !y 7 :olly unable to und]/& x4 ,! ,bible ?us trammel$ _h1 nev]!less1 set free f spiritual bondage individuals "h & !re1 :o 7 m or less successful 9 _! plead+s = re=m4 ,b among !m all1 h[ev]1 !re 0 no "o :o took hold ( ! lead+ errors ) suffici5t cle>ness & grasp z to lib]ate x f ! ?raldom ( human tradition & re/ore ! ,gospel to ! p 9 its primitive simplicity & p[]4 ,,"p ,,iv ,! ,re/oration ,movem5t 9 ,am]ica ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,spiritual ,,unre/ ,,9 ,,_m ,,places ,! close ( ! eighte5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 7 *>act]iz$ by ef=ts to get entirely on apo/olic gr\nd1 orig9at+ almo/ simultane\sly 9 widely-sep>at$ localities & amid/ diff]5t & antagoni/ic sects4 ,b1 z ! greate/ ( ^! ef=ts develop$ 9 our own c\ntry1 we n[ turn our att5tion to !m4 ,"o ( ^! orig9at$ among ! ,me?odi/s at ! "t ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,am]ican colonies1 & ! subject ( *ur* gov]nm5t became a matt] ( discussion among !m4 ,?omas ,coke1 ,francis ,asbury & o!rs labor$ to e/abli% prelacy1 reg>d+ !mselves z sup]9t5d5ts or bi%ops4 ,aga9/ ?is movem5t1 ,james ,o',kelley1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & "s o!rs ( t ,/ate & ( ,virg9ia1 ) a numb] ( memb]s1 plead$ = a congregational sy/em1 & t ! ,new ,te/am5t be ! only cre$ & discipl9e4 ,^? cont5d+ = ! episcopal =m ( gov]nm5t 7 l>gely 9 ! majority1 & ! re=m]s 7 unable to accompli% _! wi%es4 ,l$ by ,james ,o',kelley1 !y f9ally sec$$ at ,mank9t[n1 ,n4 ,c41 ,dec4 #be1 #agic4 ,mc,tiere says3 ,! _s ( division prevail$ *iefly 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,virg9ia1 & 9 ! bord] c\nties ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 all ( :i* region ! p]sonal influ5ce ( ,o',kelley has be5 se54 ,x ext5d$ also beyond ^! limits4 ,we f9d ! fir/ two mission>ies 9 ,k5tucky--,ogd5 & ,haw--drawn away into 8 s*eme4 ,& 9 o!r places he _h adh]5ts 7,hi/ory ( ,me?odism1 page #daa74 ,at fir/ !y took ! "n ,republican ,me?odi/s1 b 9 #ahja resolv$ to be kn[n z ,*ri/ians only1 to ackn[l$ge no head ov] ! ,*ur* b ,*ri/1 & to h no cre$ or discipl9e b ! ,bible4 ,9 respect to increase ( numb]s1 ?is movem5t 0 n great1 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t 0 weak5$ by *anges & removals1 b its pr9ciples spread into o!r ,/ates4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,abn] ,jones1 a physician1 ( ,h>tl&1 ,vt41 !n a memb] ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 became greatly dissatisfi$ ) sect>ian names & cre$s1 began to prea* t all ^! %\ld be aboli%$1 & t true piety %\ld be made ! gr\nd ( ,*ri/ian fell[%ip4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahjj1 he succe$$ by p]sev]+ zeal 9 e/abli%+ a *ur* ( tw5ty-five memb]s at ,lyndon1 ,vt41 & subsequ5tly "o 9 ,brad=d & "o 9 ,pi]mont1 ,n4 ,h41 9 ,m>*1 #ahjc4 ,elias ,smi?1 a ,bapti/ prea*]1 :o 0 ab\t ?is "t labor+ ) mu* success 9 ,plym\?1 ,n4 ,h41 adopt$ ,jones' view & c>ri$ ! :ole congregation ) him4 ,sev]al o!r prea*]s1 bo? f ! ,regul> & ,freewill ,bapti/s1 soon foll[$1 & ) _m o!r zeal\s prea*]s1 :o 7 rais$ up 9 ! newly-organiz$ *ur*es1 travel$ ext5sively ov] ! ,new ,engl& /ates1 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ohio & into ,canada1 & made _m conv]ts4 ,^? 9 ?is movem5t also call$ !mselves ,*ri/ians only1 & adopt$ ! ,bible z _! only rule ( fai? & practice4 ,dr4 ,*e/] ,bull>d 0 ! pione] 9 ! cause ( primitive ,*ri/ianity 9 all ,s\?we/ ,virg9ia4 ,he sep>at$ himself f ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* & mo/ e>ne/ly desir$ to be imm]s$1 b w\ld n receive x at ! h&s ( ! ,bapti/s1 z he 0 n suffici5tly 9 h>mony ) _! t5ets to unite ) !m4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,l&on ,duncan1 ! assessor ( ! c\nty1 happ5$ to call 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 (ficial duties4 ,engag+ 9 a religi\s conv]sation ) him1 ,dr4 ,bull>d freely express$ to him 8 feel+s & 8 desires1 & ?\gh he freely express$ 8 diss5t f "s ( ! views held by ,duncan1 ! latt] agre$ to baptize him4 ,9 e>ly life ,duncan _h unit$ ) ! ,bapti/s & 0 orda9$ by !m1 b aft] a "t adopt$ ! views ( ! ,*ri/ians1 *iefly ?r\gh ! tea*+ ( ,joseph ,?omas1 :o 0 9 "s respects a rem>kable man4 ,he 0 born 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :5ce he remov$ ) 8 fa!r to ,giles ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 :]e he became deeply imbu$ ) religi\s f]vor1 & began :ile q a "y man to urge 8 neighbors to ! importance ( devot+ !mselves to ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,associat+ ) ,o',kelley 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 he desir$ to be imm]s$1 :5 ,o',kelley p]suad$ him t p\r+ 0 m scriptural1 to :i* he submitt$ aft] /ipulat+ t a tubful ( wat] %\ld be p\r$ ^u him4 ,b aft]w>d he became fully conv9c$ t imm]sion alone is baptism1 & 0 imm]s$ by ,eld] ,plum]4 ,?is br\ght him into intimate association ) ,abn] ,jones1 ,elias ,smi? & o!rs ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,he n[ devot$ 8 life :olly to prea*+ & became not$ = ! ext5t ( 8 travels ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he travel$ on foot dress$ 9 a long1 :ite robe1 h5ce he 0 call$ ! ,:ite ,pilgrim1 & frequ5tly1 9 imitation ( ! ,ma/]1 retir$ to lonely places = fa/+ & pray]4 ,he made a /rong impression on ! p1 & f9ally di$ ( smallpox amid/ 8 it9]ant labors 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,dr4 ,bull>d1 aft] 8 baptism by ,duncan1 at once began prea*+1 deliv]+ 8 fir/ disc\rse ! ev5+ foll[+ 8 baptism4 ,avoid+ ^? speculation po9ts ) :i* ,duncan & ^? associat$ ) him 7 s mu* occupi$1 he pres5t$ simple views ( ! ,gospel & ! fre5ess ( ! salvation ?r\gh ,*ri/1 & %[$ t fai? comes by he>+ ! ,^w ( ,god1 & t he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$4 ,x 0 a consid]able "t1 h[ev]1 be=e he conv9c$ en\gh p ( ! scripturalness ( ! doctr9e to =m a *ur*4 ,by degrees1 mo/ ( ^? associat$ ) ,duncan 7 conv9c$ by ,dr4 ,bull>d1 & ?r\gh ! assi/ance ( ,james ,r$pa? & o!rs jo9+ him 9 ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w1 a numb] ( *ur*es 7 e/abli%$ 9 t "p ( ,virg9ia4 ,ab\t #ahci ,dr4 ,bull>d incid5tally came into possession ( a copy ( ,alex&] ,campbell's ,extra on ,remission ( ,s9s4 ,on read+ x he 0 s surpris$ & delight$ ) ! new views !re9 set =? t he obta9$ all ! numb]s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/ & ,mill5nial ,h>b+]1 & 0 fill$ ) great joy to f9d h[ cle> & consi/5t 7 ,campbell's views1 & h[ diff]5t f ! sl&]\s misrepres5tations :i* _h be5 s p]si/5tly circulat$ ?r\gh ! press & f ! pulpit4 ,he imm$iately began to circulate ,campbell's writ+s1 prea*+ ) great success ! anci5t ,gospel1 & ov]joy$ 9 f9d+ himself unexpect$ly associat$ ) s _m fell[ labor]s 9 ! ef=t to re/ore primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,he endur$ h>d%ips z a good soldi] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & pu%$ =w>d aga9/ great odds4 ,he travel$ all ov] ,virg9ia1 f ! m\nta9s to ! sea%ore1 & baptiz$ ?\s&s4 ,9 8 prime he 0 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful exhort]s t c\ld be f\nd1 & 8 s]mons 7 exce$+ly cle>1 scriptural & p]suasive4 ,on a notable occasion ! ,me?odi/s1 :o _h become greatly /irr$ by ,dr4 ,bull>d's prea*+1 *ose "o ( _! prea*]s1 ,t4 ,j4 ,/one1 to repres5t !m 9 a debate ) ,dr4 ,bull>d on ! ,act ( ,baptism4 ,! debate 0 to be held 9 a grove at a place "s di/ance f ,dr4 ,bull>d's home1 & he _h to />t ! day be=e 9 ord] to rea* ! place 9 "t4 ,late 9 ! aft]noon ( ! fir/ day's j\rney he fell 9 ) ! prea*] :o 0 to be 8 oppon5t 9 ! debate4 ,/one _h be5 /udy+ ! ,campbell & ,rice ,debate 9 se>* ( argum5ts to su/a9 8 side ( ! "q4 ,z !y rode along toge!r _! conv]sation turn$ on ! debate1 & ,dr4 ,bull>d notic$ r a lack ( confid5ce 9 ! language ( 8 oppon5t4 ,! doctor turn$ ! conv]sation s t he might le>n ! cause ( ?is1 & soon rea*$ ! conclusion t 8 oppon5t _h little reli% = ! debate1 &1 9 %ort1 9 8 rese>* 8 confid5ce 9 affusion _h be5 ov]turn$4 ,dr4 ,bull>d f9ally said3 ,y _h bett] let me baptize y to-morr[ in/ead ( debat+4 ,/one repli$3 ,if x 7 n = two or ?ree ?+s 9 ! way1 ,i w\ld4 ,t night !y sp5t at ,/one's home1 & ! doctor soon p]ceiv$ t "o ( ! greate/ ?+s 9 ! way 0 ,/one's wife4 ,accord+ly he gave h] mu* att5tion1 & ! ?ree se>*$ ! ,scriptures ! great] "p ( ! night4 ,a l>ge cr[d assembl$ ! next day to he> ! discussion4 ,dr4 ,bull>d ann\nc$ t !re w\ld be no debate1 b t he w\ld prea* t morn+ & ,/one 9 ! aft]noon2 also t !re w\ld be an imm]sion imm$iately aft] ! morn+ disc\rse4 ,mu* to ! surprise ( all1 bo? ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,/one pres5t$ !mselves = baptism :5 ! invitation 0 giv54 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,b>ton ,w4 ,,/one ,we h already le>n$ t ef=ts 7 be+ made to return to apo/olic ,*ri/ianity 9 diff]5t places 9 ! ,ea/1 & ,i m5tion$ ^! ef=ts fir/ because z emigration is mo/ usually we/w>d1 ! influ5ces ?us ex]t$ spread f> & wide4 ,?is is "o ( ! reasons :y ! plea to return to ! orig9al practice ( ! apo/olic *ur*es has be5 m effective 9 ! ,we/ ?an 9 ! ,ea/4 ,i n[ give att5tion to a great movem5t t 0 inaugurat$ 9 :at 0 !n call$ ! ,we/1 ?r\gh ! untir+ labors ( ,b>ton ,w4 ,/one & o!rs4 ,/one 0 born 9 ,m>yl&1 ,decemb] #bd1 #aggb4 ,8 fa!r di$ & ! "m1 be+ left ) a l>ge family ( *ildr51 mov$ to ,pittsylvania ,c\nty1 ,va41 9 #aggi1 :]e ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! p 7 v simple1 & cont5tm5t seem$ to be ! lot ( all1 & happ9ess dwelt 9 e brea/ amid/ ! abundance ( home /ores1 acquir$ by hone/ indu/ry4 ,8 fir/ tea*] 0 a tyrant1 :o seem$ to take pleasure 9 :ipp+ & abus+ 8 pupils = e trifl+ (f5se4 ,:5 call$ ^u to recite1 he 0 s affect$ ) fe>1 & s confus$ 9 m9d1 t he c\ld say no?+1 & rema9$ 9 t s*ool only a few days4 ,he 0 !n s5t to ano!r tea*]1 :o 0 pati5t & k9d1 & he advanc$ s rapidly t aft] five ye>s' tra9+ 8 tea*] pron\nc$ him a f9i%$ s*ol>4 ,?is fir$ him ) ambition & spurr$ 8 ef=ts to rise to em95ce 9 le>n+4 ,,confront$ ,,by ,,_m ,,difficulties ,ab\t ?is "t "s ,bapti/ prea*]s came into ! neighborhood & began prea*+ to ! p1 & great excitem5t foll[$4 ,multitudes att5d$ _! m9i/rations1 & _m 7 imm]s$4 ,imm]sion 0 s novel t p travel$ long di/ances to see ! ord9ance adm9i/]$4 ,"y ,/one 0 con/ant 9 8 att5dance1 & 0 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 he>+ ! conv]ts relate _! exp]i5ces4 ,( _! conviction & great di/ress !y 7 v p>ticul> 9 giv+ an acc\nt1 & h[ & :5 !y obta9$ deliv]ance f _! burd5s4 ,"s 7 deliv]$ by a dream1 a vision1 or "s uncommon appe>ance ( light2 o!rs by a voice spok5 to !m--,?y s9s are =giv5 !e2 & o!rs by see+ ! ,savior ) _! natural eyes4 ,su* exp]i5ces 7 consid]$ good by ! ,*ur*1 & ^? relat+ su* 7 baptiz$ & receiv$ into full fell[%ip4 ,! prea*]s _h an art ( affect+ _! he>]s by a tuneful voice 9 prea*+4 ,n kn[+ any bett]1 he consid]$ all ?is a "w ( ,god1 & ! way ( salvation4 ,aft] ^! came ,me?odi/ prea*]s :o 7 bitt]ly oppos$ by ! ,bapti/s & ,episcopalians1 :o publicly decl>$ !m to be ! locu/s ( ,revelation1 & w>n$ ! p aga9/ receiv+ !m4 ,/one's m9d 0 mu* agitat$1 & vacillat$ betwe5 ! two p>ties4 ,= "s "t he _h be5 9 ! habit ( retir+ 9 secret1 morn+ & ev5+1 = pray]1 ) an e>ne/ desire = religion2 b be+ ignorant ( :at he ought to d1 he became disc\rag$ & quit pray+1 & turn$ away f religion4 ,:5 he 0 ab\t sixte5 he came into possession ( 8 portion ( 8 fa!r's e/ate4 ,?is absorb$ 8 m9d day & night endeavor+ to devise "s plan z to h[ to use x to ! be/ advantage4 ,at la/ he decid$ to acquire a lib]al education1 & ?us qualify himself = ! practice ( law4 ,hav+ rea*$ ?is decision he began imm$iately to arrange 8 affairs to put 8 purpose into execution4 ,accord+ly he bade f>ewell to 8 "m1 & made 8 way to ! not$ academy at ,guil=d1 ,n4 ,c4 ,"h he appli$ himself ) great dilig5ce to acquire an education or die 9 ! attempt4 ,he dive/$ himself ( e h9drance = ! c\rse4 ,) su* application he made rapid progress4 ,j be=e he ent]$ ! academy ! /ud5ts _h be5 greatly /irr$ by ,james ,mc,gready1 a ,presbyt]ian prea*]1 & ,/one 0 n a little surpris$ to f9d _m ( ! /ud5ts assembl$ e morn+ 9 a private room be=e ! h\r = recitation to engage 9 s++ & pray]4 ,?is 0 a s\rce ( uneas9ess to him1 & frequ5tly br\ght him to s]i\s reflections4 ,he labor$ dilig5tly to bani% ^! s]i\s ?\ghts1 ?9k+ t religion w\ld imp$e 8 progress 9 le>n+1 ?w>t ! object he _h 9 view1 & expose him to ! ridicule ( 8 relatives & companions4 ,he !re=e associat$ ) ^? /ud5ts :o made light ( su* ?+s1 & jo9$ !m 9 ! ridicule ( ! pi\s4 ,= ?is 8 consci5ce sev]ely condemn$ him :5 alone & made him s v unhappy t he c\ld nei!r enjoy ! company ( ! pi\s nor t ( ! impi\s4 ,?is caus$ him to decide to g to ,hampd5-,sidney ,college1 ,virg9ia1 t he might be away f ! con/ant sight ( religion4 ,he det]m9$ to leave at once1 b 0 prev5t$ by a viol5t /orm4 ,he rema9$ 9 8 room all day & rea*$ ! decision to pursue 8 /udies !re & to att5d to 8 own bus9ess1 & let o!rs d ! same4 ,hav+ made ?is resolution1 he 0 settl$ till 8 roommate ask$ him to accompany him to he> ,mr4 ,mc,gready prea*4 ,( ! deep impression made on him by ! disc\rse he he>d on t occasion he says3 ,8 co>se1 tremul\s voice excit$ 9 me ! idea ( some?+ une>?ly4 ,8 ge/ures 7 ! v rev]se ( elegance4 ,ev]y?+ appe>$ by him =gott5 b ! salvation ( s\ls4 ,su* e>ne/ness1 su* zeal1 su* p[]ful p]suasion1 en=c$ by ! joys ( heav5 & mis]ies ( hell1 ,i _h nev] witness$ be=e4 ,my m9d 0 *a9$ by him1 & foll[$ him closely 9 8 r\nds ( heav51 e>? & hell1 ) feel+s indescribable4 ,8 conclud+ rem>ks 7 address$ to ! s9n]s to flee ! wra? to come )\t delay4 ,nev] be=e _h ,i comp>atively felt ! =ce ( tru?4 ,su* 0 my excitem5t t _h ,i be5 /&+ ,i %\ld h probably sunk to ! floor "u ! impression4 ,:5 ! meet+ 0 ov] he return$ to 8 room1 & :5 night came he walk$ out into a field & s]i\sly reason$ ) himself on ! all-important subject ( religion4 ,he ask$ himself3 ,:at %all ,i d8 ,%all ,i embrace religion1 or n8 ,he weigh$ ! subject & c\nt$ ! co/4 ,he conclud$ t if he embrac$ religion he w\ld !n incur ! displeasure ( 8 relatives & lose ! favor & company ( 8 companions3 become ! object ( _! scorn & ridicule2 rel9qui% all 8 plans & s*emes = worldly honor1 weal? & pref]m5t1 & bid adieu to all ! pleasures 9 :i* he _h liv$4 ,he ask$ himself1 ,are y will+ to make ?is sacrifice8 ,8 he>t answ]$1 ,no1 no4 ,!n !re loom$ be=e him a c]ta9 alt]native1 ,y mu/ be damn$4 ,?is ?\ght 0 s t]rible to him t he c\ld n endure ! ?\ght1 &1 aft] due delib]ation1 he resolv$ f t h\r to seek religion at ! sacrifice ( e e>?ly good1 & imm$iately pro/rat$ himself be=e ,god 9 supplication = m]cy4 ,9 accordance ) ! popul> belief1 & ! exp]i5ce ( ! pi\s 9 ^? days1 he anticipat$ a long & pa9ful /ruggle be=e he %\ld be prep>$ to come to ,*ri/1 or1 9 ! language ( t day1 be=e he %\ld get religion4 ,?is anticipation 0 fully realiz$4 ,= a ye> he 0 toss$ ab\t on ! waves ( unc]ta9ty1 labor+1 pray+ & /riv+ = sav+ fai?1 sometimes despond+ & almo/ despair+ ( ev] gett+ x4 ,he wre/l$ ) ?is condition until he he>d a s]mon on ,god is love1 :i* s impress$ 8 m9d t he retir$ to ! woods alone ) 8 ,bible4 ,!re he read & pray$ ) v>i\s feel+s1 betwe5 hope & fe>1 till ! great tru? ( ! love ( ,god s triumph$ ov] him t he aft]w>d said3 ,i yield$ & sunk at 8 feet1 a will+ subject4 ,i lov$ him1 ,i ador$ him1 ,i prais$ him al\d 9 ! sil5t night1 9 ! e*o+ groves ar\nd4 ,i confess$ to ! ,"l my s9 & folly 9 disbeliev+ 8 ^w s long1 & 9 foll[+ s long ! devices ( m54 ,i n[ saw t a poor s9n] 0 z mu* au?oriz$ to believe 9 ,jesus at fir/ z la/2 t n[ 0 ! accept$ "t & ! day ( salvation4 ,f t "t he look$ =w>d to prea*+1 & 9 ! spr+ ( #agif appli$ to ! ,presbyt]y ( ,orange1 ,n4 ,c41 = lic5se to prea*4 ,9 describ+ ! proce$+s ( ! presbyt]y1 he says3 ,nev] %all ,i =get ! impression made on my m9d :5 a v5]able old fa!r address$ ! c&idates1 /&+ up toge!r be=e ! presbyt]y4 ,aft] ! address he pres5t$ to ea* ( ! c&idates ! ,bible 7n ! ,confession ( ,fai?71 ) ?is solemn *>ge1 ',g ye unto all ! _w1 & prea* ! ,gospel to e creature4' ,he 0 assign$ to a c]ta9 di/rict1 b soon became mu* disc\rag$1 & contemplat$ seek+ regions :]e he 0 n kn[n & turn+ 8 att5tion to "s o!r call+ 9 life4 ,9 ! mid/ ( mu* d\bt & p]plexity1 he turn$ we/w>d & f9ally rea*$ ,can]idge1 ,b\rbon ,c\nty1 ,ky41 :]e he rema9$ = a few mon?s1 !n return$ to ,virg9ia4 ,,orda9$ ,,to ,,! ,,m9i/ry ,9 ! fall ( #agih he receiv$ a call f ! unit$ congregations ( ,can]idge & ,concord1 ?r\gh ! ,transylvania ,presbyt]y4 ,he accept$1 & a day 0 appo9t$ = 8 ord9ation to ! m9i/ry4 ,kn[+ t at 8 ord9ation he w\ld be requir$ to adopt ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai?1 z ! sy/em ( doctr9e taught 9 ! ,bible1 he det]m9$ to give x a v c>eful exam9ation4 ,?is 0 to him almo/ ! beg9n+ ( sorr[s4 ,he /umbl$ at ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity z !re9 taught1 & c\ld n consci5ti\sly subscribe to x4 ,d\bts1 too1 arose 9 8 m9d on ! doctr9es ( election1 reprobation & pr$e/9ation1 z !n taught4 ,he _h be=e ?is "t le>n$ f ^? high] up 9 ! ecclesia/ical _w ! way ( dive/+ ^? doctr9es ( _! h>d1 repulsive features1 & admitt$ !m z true1 yet unfa?omable my/]ies4 ,view+ !m z su*1 he let !m alone 9 8 public disc\rses & conf9$ himself to ! practical "p ( religion1 & to subjects )9 8 dep?4 ,b 9 re-exam9+ ^! doctr9es he f\nd ! cov]+ put ov] !m c\ld n hide !m f a disc]n+ eye ) close inspection4 ,inde$1 he saw t !y 7 necess>y to ! sy/em1 )\t any cov]+4 ,he 0 9 ?is /ate ( m9d :5 ! day = 8 ord9ation came4 ,he det]m9$ to tell ! presbyt]y hone/ly 8 /ate ( m9d1 & to reque/ !m to def] 8 ord9ation until he %\ld be bett] in=m$ & settl$4 ,:5 ! day came a l>ge congregation assembl$1 b be=e ! presbyt]y conv5$ he took aside ! two pill>s--,james ,bly! & ,rob]t ,m>%all--& made kn[n to !m 8 difficulties & t he _h det]m9$ to decl9e ord9ation at t "t4 ,!y labor$1 b 9 va91 to remove 8 difficulties & objections4 ,!y ask$ him h[ f> he 0 will+ to receive ! ,confession ( ,fai?4 ,to ?is he repli$1 ,z f> z ,i see x is consi/5t ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,!y conclud$ t t 0 suffici5t4 ,! presbyt]y !n conv5$1 & :5 ! "q1 ,d y receive & adopt ! ,confession ( ,fai? z conta9+ ! sy/em ( doctr9e taught 9 ! ,bible8 he answ]$ al\d1 s t ! :ole assembly c\ld he>1 ,i d1 s f> z ,i see x consi/5t ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,no objection be+ rais$ to ?is answ] he 0 orda9$4 ,! reception ( 8 ord9ation pap]s nei!r end$ 8 intellectual misgiv+s nor 8 difficulties ) 8 /rictly or?odox m9i/]ial associates 9 ! presbyt]y4 ,8 m9d1 f ?is "t until he f9ally broke ! fett]s ( religi\s bondage1 0 cont9ually toss$ on ! waves ( speculative div9ity1 ! all-engross+ !me ( ! religi\s community at t "t4 ,cla%+1 controv]sial !ories 7 urg$ by ! diff]5t sects ) mu* zeal & bad feel+4 ,at t "t he believ$ & taught t mank9d 7 s deprav$ t !y c\ld d no?+ acceptable to ,god until 8 ,_s1 by "s physical1 almighty & my/]i\s p[] _h quick5$1 enlight5$ & reg5]at$ ! he>t1 & ?us prep>$ ! s9n] to believe 9 ,jesus = salvation4 ,he began to see t if ,god did n p]=m ?is reg5]at+ "w 9 all1 x 0 because he *ose to d x = "s & n = o!rs1 & t ?is dep5d$ ^u 8 own sov]eign w & pleasure4 ,he !n saw t ! doctr9e 0 insep>ably l9k$ ) unconditional election & reprobation1 z taught 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai?2 t !y are virtually "o1 & t 0 ! reason :y he admitt$ ! decrees ( election & reprobation1 hav+ admitt$ ! doctr9e ( total depravity4 ,scores ( objections cont9ually cross$ 8 m9d aga9/ ! sy/em4 ,^! he imput$ to blasphem\s sugge/ions ( ,satan1 & labor$ to repel !m z satanic temptations & n hone/ly to meet !m ) ,scripture argum5ts4 ,(t51 :5 address+ ! multitudes on ! doctr9e ( total depravity1 on _! inability to believe & on ! physical p[] ( ,god to produce fai?1 & !n p]suad+ ! helpless to rep5t & believe ! ,gospel1 8 zeal w\ld 9 a mom5t be *ill$ by su* que/ions z3 ,h[ c !y believe8 ,h[ c !y rep5t8 ,h[ c !y d impossibilities8 ,h[ c !y be guilty 9 n do+ !m8 ,su* ?\ghts almo/ /ifl$ 8 ability to speak1 & 7 z great weights press+ him d[n to ! %ades ( dea?4 ,! pulpits 7 cont9ually r++ ) ?is doctr9e2 b to 8 m9d x ceas$ to be a relief2 = :atev] "n x 0 call$1 he c\ld see t ! inability 0 9 ! s9n]1 & !re=e he c\ld n believe nor rep5t1 b mu/ be damn$4 ,we>i$ ) ! works & doctr9es ( m5 & di/ru/ful ( _! influ5ce1 he made ! ,bible 8 con/ant companion4 ,he hone/ly1 e>ne/ly & pray]fully s\ght = ! tru?1 det]m9$ to buy x at ! sacrifice ( ev]y?+ else4 ,he 0 reliev$ f ?is /ate ( p]plexity by ?is resolve4 ,by read+ & m$itat+ ^u ! ,^w ( ,god1 he became conv9c$ t ,god did love ! :ole _w1 & t ! only reason :y he did n save all 0 because ( _! unbelief1 & t ! reason :y !y believ$ n 0 because !y neglect$ & receiv$ n 8 te/imony conc]n+ 8 ,son1 = ! ,scripture says3 ,^! are writt51 t ye may believe t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god2 & t believ+ ye may h life 9 8 "n4 ,f ?is he saw t ! requirem5t to believe 9 ! ,son ( ,god 0 reasonable1 because ! te/imony giv5 is suffici5t to produce fai? 9 ! s9n]1 & ! invitation & enc\ragem5t ( ! ,gospel are suffici5t1 if believ$1 to lead him to ! ,savior = ! promis$ salvation & et]nal life4 ,f t mom5t ( new light & joy he began to "p company ) ,calv9ism1 decl>+ x to be ! heavie/ clog on ,*ri/ianity 9 ! _w1 a d>k m\nta9 betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 %utt+ out ! love ( ,god f ! s9n]'s he>t4 ,9 ! joy ( ?is new-f\nd lib]ty he receiv$ su* p[] t made him "o ( ,god's *oice/ in/rum5ts 9 awak5+ religi\s society out ( its apa?y1 & 9 prep>+ ! way = ! great religi\s movem5t ) :i* ! la/ c5tury 0 u%]$ 94 ,born ) 8 new convictions ( ,god's all-ab\nd+ love1 0 an int5se ye>n+ to br+ 8 fell[ m5 to ! joy ( su* a salvation4 ,:ile ! fire 0 k9dl+ 9 8 s\l1 he he>d ( a great religi\s excitem5t :i* _h already begun 9 ,logan ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 "u ! labors ( c]ta9 ,presbyt]ian prea*]s1 among :om 0 ! same ,james ,mc,gready ^: prea*+ _h s /rongly affect$ ,/one1 :ile a y\?1 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahja he att5d$ "o ( ^! camp meet+s1 & = ! fir/ "t witness$ ^? /range agitations & cataleptic attacks1 :i* baffl$ description4 ,he describes !m ?us3 ,! sc5e to me 0 new1 & pass+ /range4 ,x baffl$ description4 ,_m1 v v _m1 fell d[n z m5 sla9 9 battle1 & cont9u$ = h\rs toge!r 9 an app>5tly brea?less & motionless /ate2 sometimes = a few mom5ts reviv+ & exhibit+ symptoms ( life by a deep groan or a pi]c+ %riek1 or by a pray] = m]cy mo/ f]v5tly utt]$4 ,aft] ly+ ?us = h\rs !y obta9$ deliv]ance4 ,! gloomy cl\d :i* _h cov]$ _! faces seem$ gradually & visibly to disappe>1 & hope 9 smiles bright5$ into joy2 !y w\ld rise %\t+ deliv]ance1 & !n w\ld address ! surr\nd+ multitude 9 language truly eloqu5t4 7,biography ( ,/one1 page #cd47 ,,rem>kable ,,meet+ ,,at ,,cane ,,ridge ,return+ f ^! /range sc5es1 he ent]$ ! pulpit at ,can]idge ) he>t agl[ ) spiritual f]vor4 ,no long] %ackl$ by ! doctr9e ( election & reprobation1 he took = 8 text ! inspir+ message ( ! great commission3 ,g ye into all ! _w & prea* ! ,gospel to ! :ole creation4 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$2 b he t disbelieve? %all be condemn$4 ,old z 0 ! text1 x came l a new evangel to ?is p1 :o _h kn[n no?+ b ! h>d t]ms ( a ,calv9i/ic cre$4 ,! audi5ce 0 visibly affect$1 & he left !m promis+ to return 9 a few days4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( "o ( ! greate/ revivals 9 hi/ory4 ,on 8 return a va/ multitude await$ him1 & he _h sc>cely begun to picture be=e !m ! great salvation :5 scores fell to ! gr\nd z if smitt5 by "s unse5 h&4 ,x is well to let ,mr4 ,/one describe ! sc5e 9 8 own language3 ,"s attempt$ to fly f ! sc5e panic-/rick51 b !y ei!r fell or return$ imm$iately to ! cr[d1 z unable to get away4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is ex]cise an intellig5t dei/ 9 ! neighborhood /epp$ up to me & said1 ,mr4 ,/one1 ,i always ?\ght be=e t y 7 an hone/ man1 b n[ ,i am conv9c$ t y are deceiv+ ! p4 ,i view$ him ) pity1 & mildly spoke a few words to him2 imm$iately he fell z a dead man1 & arose no m until he _h confess$ ! ,savior4 7,biography1 pages #cf1 #cg47 ,! report ( ?is rem>kable meet+ soon spread ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 & %ortly aft]w>d he held a protract$ meet+ at ,concord4 ,! :ole c\ntry 0 ar\s$ & multitudes ( all d5om9ations att5d$4 ,p>ty _s %rank away & all jo9$ he>tily 9 ! meet+1 :i* cont9u$ five days & nights )\t a break1 & great numb]s ab&on$ s94 ,on ,july #b1 #ahja1 ,b>ton ,w4 ,/one 0 m>ri$ to ,miss ,elizabe? ,campbell1 ( ,muhl5b]g ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,soon aft] m>riage !y hurri$ on to ,can]idge = ! memorable meet+ :i* began on ,friday be=e ! ?ird ,sunday 9 ,augu/4 ,! news conc]n+ ! rem>kable meet+ at ,concord _h spread f> & wide1 & :5 ! "t came to beg9 ! meet+ at ,can]idge ! roads 7 lit]ally cr[d$ ) wagons1 c>riages1 horsem5 & footm51 mov+ to ! camp gr\nds4 ,! cr[d 0 e/imat$ at ?irty ?\s&4 ,dur+ ! meet+ f\r or five prea*]s 7 frequ5tly speak+ at ! same "t1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! encampm5t1 )\t confusion4 ,all d5om9ations jo9$ 9 ! conduct ( ! meet+4 ,p>ty _s = ! "t _h disappe>$1 & all unit$ 9 ! great "w4 ,multitudes ab&on$ s9 & ent]$ ! pr(ession & practice ( religion4 ,! meet+ cont9u$ six or sev5 days & nights1 & w\ld h cont9u$ long] b food = ! multitude c\ld n be f\nd4 ,?is meet+ 0 att5d$ by _m f ,ohio & o!r di/ant p>ts1 :o return$ to _! homes & spread ! same _s 9 _! neighborhoods1 & ! same results foll[$1 & x c n be d5i$ t great good result$4 ,nor 7 its effects by any means transi5t1 b 7 felt = ye>s 9 ! rapid gr[? ( ! *ur*es 9 g5]al & 9 a great degree ( religi\s f]vor4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ?is great excitem5t ,mr4 ,/one _h be5 employ$ almo/ day & night 9 prea*+1 s++1 visit+1 & pray+ ) & = ! di/ress$1 till 8 lungs fail$ & became inflam$1 att5d$ ) a viol5t c\gh1 & x 0 believ$ t he _h tub]culosis4 ,8 /r5g? fail$ & he believ$ t 8 end 0 ne>4 ,not)/&+ ?is he _h an int5se desire to att5d a camp-meet+ a few miles di/ant f ,can]idge4 ,8 physician _h /rictly =bidd5 him to prea* any m till 8 disease %\ld be remov$4 ,?is meet+ 0 held 9 a grove ne> ,p>is4 ,"h = ! fir/ "t a ,presbyt]ian prea*] oppos$ ! "w & ! doctr9e by :i* ! zeal among !m _h its exi/5ce & life4 ,he labor$ h>d to br+ ! p "u ! yoke ( ,calv9 & to regulate !m accord+ to 8 /&>d4 ,he wi%$ to leave ! camp at night & repair to ! t[n1 ne>ly a mile away1 & hold ! meet+ 9 a h\se t w\ld n hold half ! p4 ,?is c\ld n be done )\t leav+ _! t5t & o!r ?+s expos$4 ,! consequ5ce 01 ! meet+ 0 divid$ & ! "w greatly h9d]$4 ,infidels & =mali/s 7 greatly elat$ ov] ?is suppos$ victory & pass$ great encomiums on ! prea*]2 b ! he>ts ( ! revivali/s 7 fill$ ) sorr[4 ,/one w5t to ! meet+ 9 t[n4 ,a prea*] 0 put =w>d :o _h always be5 ho/ile to ! "w & seldom m+l$ ) ! revivali/s4 ,he address$ ! assembly 9 iceb]g /yle1 & its influ5ce 0 v depress+4 ,/one _h decid$ to lead ! congregation 9 pray] j z soon z ! prea*] clos$4 ,:5 he f9ally clos$1 ,/one arose & said1 ,let u pray4 ,at t v mom5t ano!r prea*] ( ! same ca/ ) ! =m] rose 9 ! pulpit to prea* ano!r s]mon2 b ,/one proce$$ to pray1 feel+ a t5d] conc]n = ! p4 ,:ile he 0 pray+ ! p became mu* affect$ & ! h\se 0 fill$ ) di/ress4 ,"s ( ! prea*]s jump$ out ( ! w9d[ back ( ! pulpit & fl$4 ,/one !n pu%$ 8 way ?r\gh ! cr[d to ^? 9 di/ress1 po9t$ !m to ! way ( salvation1 & adm9i/]$ to !m ! com=ts ( ! ,gospel4 ,! physician :o 0 att5d+ him be+ pres5t1 press$ 8 way ?r\gh ! cr[d & f\nd ,/one wet ) p]spiration4 ,he ord]$ him to 8 home1 lectur+ him sev]ely = violat+ 8 ord]s4 ,he put on dry clo!s & retir$ at once1 slept s\nd+1 & arose next morn+ p]fectly reliev$ f 8 affliction4 ,he soon rega9$ 8 /r5g? & joyfully resum$ 8 m9i/]ial duties4 ,?is incid5t br\ght ! campmeet+ to a sudd5 close4 ,a ,,"t ,,( ,,di/ress ,!re 7 at ?is "t sev]al o!r prea*]s 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* :o co9cid$ 9 religi\s views ) ,/one4 ,^! 7 ,ri*>d ,mc,nemar1 ,john ,?ompson1 ,john ,dunlavy1 ,rob]t ,m>%all & ,david ,purviance4 ,! ?ree =m] liv$ 9 ,ohio1 & ! ?ree latt] liv$ 9 ,k5tucky4 ,!y all boldly prea*$ ! suffici5cy ( ! ,gospel to save m51 & t ! te/imony ( ,god 0 design$ & able to produce fai?1 & t s9n]s 7 capable ( und]/&+ & believ+ ?is te/imony1 & ( act+ ^u x by com+ to ! ,savior & f him obta9+ salvation & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,:5 !y fir/ began to prea* ^! ?+s1 ! p appe>$ z j awak5$ f ! sleep ( ages4 ,!y seem$ to see = ! fir/ "t t !y 7 responsible be+s1 & t a refusal to use ! means appo9t$ 0 a damn+ s94 ,?is dep>ture f ! doctr9e ( ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai? soon occasion$ a virul5t opposition on ! "p ( ^? :o adh]$ to x4 ,at fir/ !y 7 pleas$ to see ! ,me?odi/s & ,bapti/s s cordially unit+ ) u 9 ! wor%ip2 b z soon z !y saw ^! sects draw+ away disciples aft] !m1 !y rais$ ! tocs9 ( al>m--,! ,confession ( ,fai? is 9 dang]1 ',to y\r t5ts1 ,o ,israel6' ,^! p>tisans began to prea* boldly ! doctr9es ( _! ,confession ( ,fai? & us$ ! mo/ pot5t argum5ts 9 _! def5se4 ,a fire 0 n[ k9dl$ t ?reat5$ to ru9 ! great f]vor among ! p4 ,x reviv$ ! dy+ _s ( p>tyism & gave /r5g? to trembl+ infidels & lifeless pr(essors4 ,! sects 7 ar\s$4 ,! ,me?odi/s & ,bapti/s1 :o _h s long liv$ 9 peace & h>mony ) ! ,presbyt]ians & ) "o ano!r1 n[ gird$ on _! armor & m>*$ into ! dea?ly field ( controv]sy & w>4 ,^! 7 times ( di/ress4 ,! _s ( p>tyism soon expell$ ! _s ( love & union--peace fl$ be=e discord & /rife & religion 0 /ifl$ & bani%$ 9 ! unhall[$ /ruggle = pre-em95ce4 ,:o %all be ! greate/ seem$ to be ! _s ( ! conte/4 ,! salvation ( ! _w 0 no long] ! burd51 & ! _s ( m\rn+ 9 pray] took its flight f ! brea/s ( _m prea*]s & p4 ,yet !re 7 "s ( all ! sects :o deplor$ ?is unhappy /ate ( ?+s2 b _! entreat+ voice 0 dr[n$ 9 ! d9 ( battle4 ,! ,presbyt]y ( ,spr+field1 ,ohio1 arraign$ ,mc,nemar on ! *>ge ( h]esy1 & ! case came be=e ! synod at ,lex+ton1 ,ky4 ,=esee+ _! fate be=e t body1 ,/one1 ,mc,nemar1 ,?ompson1 ,dunlavy & ,m>%all drew up a prote/1 decl>+ _! indep5d5ce & )drawal f ! jurisdiction ( ! synod4 ,! synod !n susp5d$ !m & decl>$ _! congregations vacant4 ,?is act produc$ great commotion & division among ! *ur*es & confirm$ ! sec$+ m9i/]s 9 _! opposition to cre$s & au?oritative ecclesia/ical sy/ems4 ,b z yet !y _h no ?\ght ( ceas+ to hold ! ,presbyt]ian fai?1 & t !y might cont9ue 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur* organiz$ !mselves into an indep5d5t presbyt]y1 call$ ! ,spr+field ,presbyt]y1 b soon f9d+ ?is position an impossible "o & ! :ole sy/em out ( h>mony ) _! views1 !y n[ took ano!r /ep 9 _! "w ( re=m4 ,r5\nc+ _! allegiance to all au?ority b t ( _! div9e ,ma/]1 !y resolv$ to be gov]n$ by ! ,bible z _! only rule ( fai? & practice4 ,?is call$ = ! tracts & s]mons f ! opposition1 & ! views ?us canvass$ became widely dissem9at$4 ,soon aft] 8 sep>ation1 ,/one call$ ! *ur*es at ,can]idge & ,concord toge!r & in=m$ !m t he c\ld no long] prea* to support ,presbyt]ianism1 b t 8 labors %\ld h5ce=? be direct$ to advance ! k+dom ( ,god1 irrespective ( p>ty1 releas+ !m f all pecuni>y obligations to him4 ,?us = ! cause ( tru? he sacrific$ ! fri5d%ip ( two l>ge *ur*es & an abundant sal>y = 8 support4 ,he pref]r$ ! tru? to ! fri5d%ip & k9dness ( 8 associates 9 ! ,presbyt]ian m9i/ry1 :o 7 de> to him1 & t5d]ly unit$ 9 ! bonds ( love4 ,hav+ n[ no support f ! congregations1 & hav+ emancipat$ 8 slaves1 he turn$ 8 att5tion *e]fully to labor on 8 f>m4 ,?\gh fatigu$ 9 body1 8 _s 0 happy & calm4 ,he did n relax 8 m9i/]ial labors1 prea*+ almo/ e night & (t5 9 ! daytime to ^? :o 7 anxi\s to he> ! ,^w4 ,he _h no money to hire labor]s1 & (t5 on 8 return home he _h to labor at night :ile o!rs 7 asleep to r$eem 8 lo/ "t4 ,co-op]at+ ) 8 associates 9 ! ,spr+field ,presbyt]y 9 prea*+ & plant+ *ur*es1 a ye> _h sc>cely pass$ until su* an organization 0 p]ceiv$ to be unscriptural1 & 0 by common cons5t r5\nc$1 all agree+ to take ! "n ,*ri/ian1 :i* !y believ$ to be ! only prop] title = ,*ri/'s foll[]s1 & believ$ x to h be5 giv5 by div9e appo9tm5t to ! disciples at ,antio*4 ,hav+ dive/$ !mselves ( all p>ty cre$s & p>ty names1 & tru/+ alone 9 ,god & ! ^w ( 8 grace1 !y became a byword & laugh+ /ock to ! :ole family ( ! sects2 all ( :om prophesi$ _! spe$y annihilation4 ,?r\gh mu* tribulation & /r5u\s opposition !y advanc$1 & *ur*es & prea*]s 7 multipli$4 ,z _! r5\nc+ _! allegiance to all au?ority 9 religi\s matt]s b t ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ar\s$ mu* int]e/ & no little opposition at ! "t1 x w1 no d\bt1 be int]e/+ to my read]s to h ?is rem>kable production 9 full1 toge!r ) ! witnesses' address 9 full1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,,! ,,la/ ,,w ,,& ,,te/am5t ,,( ,,! ,,spr+field ,,presbyt]y ,! ,presbyt]y ( ,spr+field1 sitt+ at ,can]idge1 9 ! c\nty ( ,b\rbon1 be+1 ?r\gh a graci\s ,provid5ce1 9 m ?an ord9>y bodily heal?1 gr[+ 9 /r5g? & size daily2 & 9 p]fect s\ndness & composure ( m9d2 b kn[+ t x is appo9t$ = all delegat$ bodies once to die2 & consid]+ t ! life ( e su* body is v unc]ta91 d make & orda9 ?is our la/ w & te/am5t1 9 mann] & =m foll[+1 viz3 ,imprimis4 ,we w1 t ?is body die1 be dissolv$1 & s9k into union ) ! body ( ,*ri/ at l>ge2 = !re is b "o body & "o _s1 ev5 z we are call$ 9 "o hope ( our call+4 ,item4 ,we w1 t our "n ( di/9ction1 ) its ,rev]5d title1 be =gott51 t !re be b "o ,"l ov] ,god's h]itage1 & 8 "n "o4 ,item4 ,we w1 t our p[] ( mak+ laws = ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 & execut+ !m by delegat$ au?ority1 =ev] cease2 t ! p may h free c\rse to ! ,bible1 & adopt ! law ( ! _s ( life 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,item4 ,we w1 t c&idates = ! gospel m9i/ry h5ce=? /udy ! ,holy ,scriptures1 ) f]v5t pray]1 & obta9 lic5se f ,god to prea* ! simple ,gospel1 ) ! ,holy ,_s s5t d[n f heav51 )\t any mixture ( philosophy1 va9 deceit1 traditions ( m51 or ! rudim5ts ( ! _w4 ,& let none take ?is honor to himself1 b he t is call$ ( ,god1 z 0 ,a>on4 ,item4 ,we w1 t ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ resume h] native "r ( int]nal gov]nm5t1 try h] c&idates = ! m9i/ry1 z to _! s\ndness 9 ! fai?1 acqua9tance ) exp]im5tal religion1 gravity & aptness to tea*2 & admit no o!r pro( ( _! au?ority b ,*ri/ speak+ 9 !m4 ,we w t ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ look up to ! ,"l ( ! h>ve/ to s5d =? labor]s into ! h>ve/2 & t %e resume h] primitive "r ( try+ ^? :o say !y are apo/les & are n4 ,item4 ,we w1 t ea* p>ticul> *ur* z a body1 actuat$ by ! same _s1 *oose h] own prea*] & support him by a free-w (f]+1 )\t a writt5 call or subscription1 admit memb]s1 remove (f5ses2 & nev] h5ce=? delegate h] "r ( gov]nm5t to any man or set ( m5 :atev]4 ,item4 ,we w1 t ! p h5ce=? take ! ,bible z ! only sure guide to heav52 & z _m z are (f5d$ ) o!r books1 :i* /& 9 competition ) x1 may ca/ !m into ! fire if !y *oose2 = x is bett] to ent] into ! life hav+ "o book ?an hav+ _m to be ca/ into hell4 ,item4 ,we w1 t prea*]s & p cultivate a _s ( mutual =be>ance2 pray m & dispute less2 & :ile !y behold ! signs ( ! times1 look up1 & confid5tly expect t r$emption drawe? nigh4 ,item4 ,we w1 t our weak bre?r5 :o may h be5 wi%+ to make ! ,presbyt]y ( ,spr+field _! k+1 & wot n :at is n[ become ( x1 betake !mselves to ! ,rock ( ,ages1 & foll[ ,jesus = ! future4 ,item4 ,we w1 t ! ,synod ( ,k5tucky exam9e e memb] :o may be suspect$ ( hav+ dep>t$ f ! ,confession ( ,fai?1 & susp5d e su* h]etic imm$iately1 9 ord] t ! oppress$ may g free1 & ta/e ! sweets ( gospel lib]ty4 ,item4 ,we w1 t ,ja---- ----1 ! au?or ( two lett]s lately publi%$ 9 ,lex+ton1 be enc\rag$ 9 8 zeal to de/roy p>tyism4 ,we w1 moreov]1 t our pa/ conduct be exam9$ into by all :o may h correct in=mation2 b let =eign]s bew>e ( speak+ evil ( ?+s :i* !y "k n4 ,item4 ,f9ally1 we w1 t all our si/] bodies read _! ,bibles c>efully1 t !y may see _! fate !re det]m9$1 & prep>e = dea? be=e x is too late4 ,spr+field ,presbyt]y4 ,june #bh1 #ahjd4 7,l4 ,s47 ,rob]t ,m>%all1 ,john ,dunlavy1 ,ri*>d ,mc,nemar1 ,b4 ,w4 ,/one1 ,john ,?ompson1 ,david ,purviance1 ,witnesses4 ,,! ,,witnesses' ,,address ,we1 ! above-nam$ witnesses ( ! ,la/ ,w & ,te/am5t ( ! ,spr+field ,presbyt]y1 kn[+ t !re w be _m conjectures respect+ ! causes :i* h occasion$ ! dissolution ( t body1 ?9k prop] to te/ify t f its fir/ exi/5ce x 0 knit toge!r 9 love1 liv$ 9 peace & concord1 & di$ a volunt>y & happy dea?4 ,_! reasons = dissolv+ t body 7 ! foll[+3 ,) deep conc]n !y view$ ! divisions & p>ty _s among pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians1 pr9cipally ow+ to ! adoption ( human cre$s & =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,:ile !y 7 unit$ "u ! "n ( a presbyt]1 !y endeavor$ to cultivate a _s ( love & unity ) all ,*ri/ians1 b f\nd x extremely difficult to suppress ! idea t !y !mselves 7 a p>ty sep>ate f o!rs4 ,?is difficulty increas$ 9 proportion to _! success 9 ! m9i/ry4 ,jeal\sies 7 excit$ 9 ! m9ds ( o!r d5om9ations2 & a temptation 0 laid be=e ^? :o 7 connect$ ) ! v>i\s p>ties to view !m 9 ! same light4 ,at _! la/ meet+ !y und]took to prep>e = ! press a piece entitl$1 ,obs]vations on ,*ur* ,gov]nm5t1 9 :i* ! _w w see ! beautiful simplicity ( ,*ri/ian ,*ur* gov]nm5t1 /ript ( human inv5tion & lordly traditions4 ,z !y proce$$ 9 ! inve/igation ( t subject1 !y soon f\nd t !re 0 nei!r precept nor example 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t = su* conf$]acies z mod]n *ur* sessions1 presbyt]ies1 synods1 ,g5]al ,assemblies1 etc4 ,h5ce !y conclud$ t :ile !y cont9u$ 9 ! connection 9 :i* !y !n /ood1 !y 7 (f ! f\ndation ( ! apo/les & prophets ( :i* ,*ri/ himself is ! *ief corn]/one4 ,h[ev] j1 !re=e1 _! views ( *ur* might h be51 !y w\ld h gone out "u ! "n1 ! preci\s cause ( ,jesus1 & dy+ s9n]s :o are kept f ! ,"l by ! exi/5ce ( sects & p>ties 9 ! *ur*1 !y h *e]fully cons5t$ to retire f ! d9 & fury ( conflict+ p>ties--s9k out ( ! view ( fle%ly m9ds1 & die ! dea?4 ,!y believe _! dea? w be great ga9 to ! _w4 ,b ?\gh dead1 z above1 & /ript ( _! mortal frame1 :i* only s]v$ to keep !m too ne> ! conf9es ( ,egyptian bondage1 !y yet live & speak 9 ! l& ( gospel lib]ty2 !y bl[ ! trumpet ( jubilee1 & will+ly devote !mselves to ! help ( ! ,"l aga9/ ! mighty4 ,!y w aid ! bre?r51 by _! c\nsel1 :5 requir$2 assi/ 9 orda9+ eld]s or pa/ors1 seek ! div9e bless+1 unite ) all ,*ri/ians1 commune toge!r1 & /r5g!n ea* o!rs' h&s 9 ! "w ( ! ,"l4 ,we design1 by ! grace ( ,god1 to cont9ue 9 ! ex]cise ( ^? functions :i* belong to u z m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 confid5tly tru/+ 9 ! ,"l1 t he w be ) u4 ,we c&idly ackn[l$ge t 9 "s ?+s we may err1 ?r\gh human infirmity2 b he w correct our w&]+s & pres]ve 8 ,*ur*4 ,let all ,*ri/ians jo9 ) u 9 cry+ to ,god day & night to remove ! ob/acles :i* /& 9 ! way ( 8 "w1 & give him no re/ till he make ,j]usalem a praise 9 ! e>?4 ,we he>tily unite ) our ,*ri/ian bre?r5 ( e "n 9 ?anksgiv+ to ,god = ! display ( 8 goodness 9 ! glori\s "w he is c>ry+ on 9 our we/]n c\ntry1 :i* we hope w t]m9ate 9 ! univ]sal spread ( ! ,gospel4 7,biography ( ,b4 ,w4 ,/one1 pages #ea-ee47 ,,practices ,,modifi$ ,,9 ,,_m ,,p>ticul>s ,! /& !y n[ took drove !m to modify _! practices 9 _m p>ticul>s4 ,among ! fir/ ?+s to :i* !y turn$ _! att5tion 0 infant baptism4 ,previ\s1 inde$1 to ! great excitem5t 9 #ahja1 ,rob]t ,m>%all _h become satisfi$ t infant baptism 0 n taught 9 ! ,^w ( ,god2 ^u :i* ,/one tri$ to set him "r1 b 9 ! c\rse ( ! discussion he became s ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( its unscripturalness t he discont9u$ ! practice entirely4 ,! religi\s awak5+1 h[ev]1 soon engross$ ! m9ds ( all1 & = "s ye>s baptism 0 left out ( view4 ,at l5g?1 _m becom+ dissatisfi$ ) _! infant baptism1 a meet+ 0 conv5$ to ?or\ghly consid] ! subject1 &1 aft] a fri5dly inve/igation1 & discussion1 x 0 decid$ t ea* memb] %\ld act 9 accordance ) 8 convictions4 ,z none among !m _h be5 imm]s$1 x 0 a "q :e!r any "o 0 qualifi$ to adm9i/] baptism1 :i* 0 f9ally settl$ ^u ! gr\nd t au?ority to prea* c>ri$ ) x ! au?ority to baptize4 ,9 ! p]=mance ( ?is newly-discov]$ duty1 ! m9i/]s fir/ baptiz$ ea* o!r1 & !n _! congregations4 ,! practice ( imm]sion soon prevail$ g5]ally among ! *ur*es4 ,%ortly aft] hav+ rea*$ ! conclusion t ! imm]sion ( believ]s is ! only ,scriptural baptism1 at a great meet+ at ,concord1 :5 m\rn]s 7 daily invit$ to collect ar\nd = pray]1 z 0 _! cu/om !n1 & _m p]sons 7 pray$ = )\t receiv+ ! expect$ com=t1 ! words ( ,pet] roll$ ?r\gh ,/one's m9d--,rep5t1 & be baptiz$ e "o ( y 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ = ! remission ( s9s1 & ye %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s--& he ?\ght1 7 ,pet] "h he w\ld ?us address ^! m\rn]s4 ,s he quickly arose & address$ !m 9 ! same language & urg$ !m to comply ) ?is dem&4 ,! effect1 h[ev]1 0 ! rev]se ( :at he int5d$4 ,in/ead ( com=t+ ! m\rn]s1 x only p]plex$ & confus$ !m by direct+ _! att5tion to an untri$ c\rse ( proc$ure utt]ly unkn[n to revivals1 & = :i* !y 7 :olly unprep>$4 ,:ile _! he>ts 7 fill$ ) ard5t desires = special op]ations ( ! ,holy ,_s & ( fire1 ?is unexpect$ pres5tation produc$ a *ill+ effect1 & t5d$ to cool ! ardor ( _! excit$ imag9ation4 ,mr4 ,/one himself1 inde$1 quot$ ,pet]'s language on ?is occasion evid5tly m f 8 anxiety to sugge/ "s means ( relief1 & f 8 unb\nd$ confid5ce 9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 ?an f any prop] und]/&+ ( ! relation ( baptism to remission ( s9s4 ,! indep5d5t /& t ,/one took on ! ,bible alone greatly increas$ 8 labors4 ,k9dr$ spirits spe$ily ralli$ to 8 support4 ,! ,presbyt]ians =bade _! p to associate ) !m 9 _! wor%ip1 on pa9 ( c5sure or exclusion1 b ?is caus$ _m to ca/ _! lot ) !m4 ,*ur*es quickly sprang up ov] a wide region1 reject+ all /&>ds b ! ,bible & refus+ to we> any "n b t ( ,*ri/ians4 ,/one & 8 co-labor]s n[ devot$ !mselves to enc\rag+ & /r5g!n+ ^! widely-scatt]$ *ur*es4 ,,%ak]ism ,sc>cely _h ! "w be5 inaugurat$1 h[ev]1 be=e ! v life ( ! *ur*es 0 ?reat5$ by ! appe>ance ( a /range delusion4 ,a semi-religi\s1 sociali/ic movem5t1 kn[n z ,%ak]ism1 _h "s ye>s be=e ?is e/abli%$ sev]al communities 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,its lead]s1 he>+ ( ! revolt aga9/ ,calv9ism l$ by ,/one1 s5t ?ree mission>ies--,bates1 ,mit*um & ,"y--among !m4 ,!y 7 em95tly qualifi$ = _! "w1 & soon made sad havoc ( ! newly-plant$ *ur*es4 ,/one ?us describes !m & _! "w3 ,_! appe>ance 0 prepossess+1 !y 7 grave & unassum+ at fir/ 9 _! mann]s2 v intellig5t & ready 9 ! ,scriptures1 & ( great boldness 9 _! fai?4 ,!y in=m$ u t !y _h he>d ( u 9 ! ,ea/1 & greatly rejoic$ 9 ! "w ( ,god among u--t z f> z we _h gone we 7 "r1 b we _h n gone f> en\gh into ! "w--t !y _h be5 s5t by _! bre?r5 to tea* ! way ( ,god m p]fectly1 by ob$i5ce to :i* all %\ld be l$ into p]fect hol9ess4 ,!y seem$ to und]/& all ! spr+s & av5ues ( ! human he>t4 ,!y deliv]$ _! te/imony & labor$ to confirm x by ! ,scriptures4 ,!y promis$ ! greate/ bless+s to ! ob$i5t1 b c]ta9 damnation to ! disob$i5t4 ,!y urg$ ! p to confess _! s9s to !m1 especially ! s9 ( matrimony1 & to =sake all imm$iately--husb&s mu/ =sake _! wives & wives _! husb&s4444 ,_m said !y 7 ! great p[] ( ,god1 confess$ _! s9s to !m & =sook _! m>riage /ate4 ,among !m 7 ?ree ( our prea*]s--,mat!w ,h\/on1 ,ri*>d ,mc,namar & ,john ,dunlavy4 ,sev]al m ( our prea*]s & pupils1 al>m$1 fl$ f u1 & jo9$ ! sects ar\nd u4 7,biography1 page #fb7 ,x 0 only by ! great ef=t ( ,/one t ! *ur*es 7 sav$ f ?is vortex ( ru94 ,he labor$ day & night1 f> & ne>1 among ! *ur*es :]e ! ,quak]s w5t4 ,by ?is means ! evil influ5ce 0 *eck$ & _! brok5 ranks 7 ralli$1 & soon l$ once m to victory4 ,,! ,,"w ,,prosp]s ,soon aft] ! tr\ble ) ! ,quak]s _h be5 quell$ & ! *ur*es 7 once m 9 a prosp]\s condition1 ano!r tr\ble arose :i* ?reat5$ _! entire ov]?r[4 ,two ( ! prea*]s1 :o ) ,/one _h ?r[n (f ! yoke ( ,presbyt]ianism1 ab&on$ ! movem5t1 reaffirm$ _! fai? 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai?1 & return$ to ! ,presbyt]ian fold4 ,( ! five ( u1 z he wrote at a lat] date1 t left ! ,presbyt]ians1 ,i only 0 left1 & !y s\ght my life4 ,consci\s ( ! integrity ( 8 purpose1 & conv9c$ ( ! scripturalness ( 8 position1 ,/one cont9u$ to prea* to ! *ur*es f> & ne>1 to any :o w\ld li/5 to him1 r5d]+ 8 s]vices gratuit\sly1 & e>n+ z be/ he c\ld ! support ( 8 family out ( 8 little f>m4 ,prea*+ ! ,gospel z he n[ und]/ood x1 multitudes flock$ to 8 /&>d1 & _m fl\ri%+ *ur*es 7 e/abli%$ by him 9 ,ohio1 ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee4 ,z an evangeli/ among ! pione] population ( newly-settl$ ,/ates he 0 )\t a rival4 ,8 l>ge1 g5]\s nature quickly won ! confid5ce ( ! h>dy inhabitants4 ,8 zeal & orig9ality awak5$ _! int]e/ & fix$ _! att5tion4 ,8 w>m sympa?ies & /rong emotions melt$ !m to rep5tance & l$ !m to ob$i5ce4 ,seldom did he prea* a s]mon t did n result 9 conv]sions1 sometimes scores com+ =w>d at ! close ( a s+le address4 ,at o!r times ! wayside cab9 ) its lonely occupant receiv$ ) gladness ! message ( life4 ,"h is a sc5e z he describes x3 ,"o day z ,i 0 rid+ along sl[ly to an appo9tm5t at night1 ,i 0 pass+ by a small hut1 :5 a woman ran out & call$ to me4 ,i /opp$ my horse4 ,%e told t %e _h he>d me prea* ! day be=e1 & ) a heav5ly c\nt5ance ?ank$ ,god = x4 ,=1 said %e1 ! ,"l has bless$ my s\l4 ,w y /op & baptize me8 ,yes1 said ,i1 gladly w ,i d x4 ,i dism\nt$1 & walk$ into ! hut4 ,oh1 said %e1 w y wait till ,i s5d = my si/]1 a %ort di/ance (f4 ,%e 0 ) me1 & ! ,"l has bless$ h]1 too4 ,%e wants also to be baptiz$4 ,oh1 yes1 said ,i2 ,i w gladly wait4 ,%e quickly dispat*$ a little boy to call h] husb& f ! field ne> ! h\se1 & to tell ! si/] to come4 ,9 ! meantime %e 0 busy prep>+ d9n] = me4 ,x 0 no d\bt ! be/ %e _h1 b su* z ,i _h nev] se5 be=e4 ,i nev] m ?ankfully1 m happily1 & m he>tily d9$4 ,! husb& soon came 91 & ! wife beckon$ him out1 & in=m$ him ( h] int5tion ( be+ baptiz$4 ,he ob/9ately oppos$ x4 ,9 te>s & di/ress %e in=m$ me4 ,i talk$ mildly ) him ( ! impropriety ( 8 conduct1 & at l5g? ga9$ 8 cons5t4 ,h] c\nt5ance bright5$ ) joy1 & h] si/] came 9 %ortly4 ,!re1 9 ! dep?s ( ! =e/1 9 a /ream t fl[$ ne> by1 0 witness$ a sc5e t rivals 9 picturesqu5ess & simple beauty any record$ 9 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,on ano!r occasion z he 0 return+ f an appo9tm5t he 0 ov]tak5 by a g5tleman return+ f ! same meet+1 & ! two cont9u$ ! j\rney toge!r4 ,/one introduc$ ! subject ( religion1 :i* 0 f\nd n to be disagreeable to ! /rang]1 ?\gh he made no pr(ession ( religion4 ,he urg$ him ) _m argum5ts to a spe$y turn+ to ! ,"l4 ,x 0 v evid5t t 8 m9d 0 deeply tr\bl$ & t he 0 vacillat+ z to 8 *oice ( life or dea?4 ,at l5g? !y came to a cle> runn+ /ream1 :5 he said to ,/one3 ,see1 "h is wat]4 ,:at do? h9d] me to be baptiz$8 ,to :i* he repli$ 9 ! language ( ,philip to ! ,eunu*3 ,if ?\ believe/ ) all ?9e he>t1 ?\ maye/4 ,! ready response came3 ,i believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god1 & am det]m9$ h]eaft] to be 8 s]vant4 ,)\t any?+ fur!r pass+ betwe5 !m1 !y dism\nt$ & ,/one baptiz$ him4 ,ab\t #ahab ,/one fill$ an appo9tm5t ( long /&+ 9 ,meigs ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,! ,sep>ate ,bapti/s1 by previ\s appo9tm5t1 held _! annual association at ! same "t & place4 ,!y agre$ to wor%ip toge!r4 ,! cr[d ( p 0 great1 & e>ly 9 ! meet+ ,/one baptiz$ ,william ,caldwell1 a ,presbyt]ian prea*]1 9 ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,?is drew ! cords ( fri5d%ip m closely betwe5 him & ! ,bapti/s4 ,by ?is unit$ ef=t ! excitem5t became v great4 ,! eld]s & memb]s ( ! association met daily 9 a h\se ne> ! /&1 :]e !y transact$ _! bus9ess1 :ile wor%ip 0 c>ri$ on at ! /&4 ,/one 0 ask$ & urg$ to assi/ !m 9 _! delib]ations 9 ! association1 & frequ5tly reque/$ to give 8 op9ion on c]ta9 po9ts1 :i* he did to _! acceptance & approbation4 ,!y _h a v difficult case be=e !m1 on :i* !y c\ld come to no decision4 ,he 0 urg$ to speak on x1 & to speak freely4 ,he spoke freely & fully on ! po9t1 %[+ x to be a p>ty measure1 & unscriptural1 at ! same "t ex]t+ himself aga9/ sect>ianism1 =mul>ies & cre$s1 labor+ all ! :ile to e/abli% ! scriptural gr\nd ( union among ,*ri/ians1 & ! "n !y %\ld we>1 & t until ,*ri/ians 7 unit$ 9 _s on ! ,bible !re w\ld be no end to su* difficult cases z n[ confront$ !m4 ,hav+ clos$ 8 spee*1 he w5t at once to ! /&4 ,! m9d ( ! association 0 )drawn f any fur!r consid]ation ( ! knotty cases be=e !m to ! consid]ation ( :at _h be5 pres5t$ to !m 9 ! spee* :i* !y _h j he>d1 ) ! result t !y agre$ to =ev] lay aside _! =mul>ies & cre$s & take ! ,bible alone = _! rule ( fai? & practice--to drop ! "n ,bapti/ & take ! "n ,*ri/ian--& to disb& _! association & jo9 ,/one & o!rs 9 _! ef=ts to return to apo/olic ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y !n m>*$ to ! /&1 %\t+ ! praises ( ,god & proclaim+ al\d :at !y _h done4 ,!y embrac$ ea* o!r ) ,*ri/ian love1 by :i* ! union 0 cem5t$4 ,?is gave a mighty impetus to ! "w & multitudes 7 add$ to ! ,"l4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,?omas ,campbell ,= ! pres5t ,i turn f ! "w ( ,/one to t ( ! ,campbells4 ,*iefly because ( fail+ heal?1 ,?omas ,campbell1 an humble1 b intellectually & spiritually-gift$ m9i/] ( ! ,sec$] ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! p>i% ( ,ahory1 ,armaugh ,c\nty1 ,irel&1 det]m9$ to seek = himself & = 8 family a home 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he came alone1 int5d+ to s5d = 8 family z soon z he _h e/abli%$ himself4 ,he arriv$ 9 ,philadelphia ,may #bg1 #ahjg4 ,! ,sec$] ,synod ( ,nor? ,am]ica 0 9 session 9 t city :5 he l&$4 ,he at once pres5t$ 8 cr$5tials to t body1 0 cordially receiv$1 & at once assign$ to ! ,presbyt]y ( ,*>ti]s1 9 ,s\?we/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,z soon z he became settl$ 9 8 new home he began 9 a v e>ne/ way to ex]cise 8 m9i/ry z a memb] ( ! presbyt]y1 :i* embrac$ a numb] ( c\nties4 ,he _h come to ?is c\ntry z a zeal\s mission>y ( ! cross1 fill$ ) ! love ( s\ls4 ,already 9 ,irel&1 ?r\gh v>i\s influ5ces1 he _h le>n$ to *]i% a lib]al religi\s _s1 to e/eem z ( little value ! b>ri]s t sep>ate into sects4 ,,conflict ,,) ,,! ,,sec$]s ,! ,sec$]s con/itute "o ( ! /raite/ sects ( ! ,calv9i/ic fai?1 & ev5 to ?is day !y w n affiliate 9 full frat]nal fell[%ip ) o!r ,presbyt]ians4 ,x 0 9 ! matt] ( ! communion t ! sev]e te/ ( fell[%ip 0 appli$4 ,?omas ,campbell _h come to ?is c\ntry ) 8 he>t fill$ ) a burn+ zeal to labor 9 ! ,"l's v9ey>d1 & 9 l>ge/ *>ity = all communions1 :ile /ill ma9ta9+ s9c]ely & fully 8 relations to 8 p>ticul> communion4 ,he believ$ t 9 ?is free/ l& m5's he>ts w\ld necess>ily be emancipat$ f ! unyield+ sect>ian prejudices & animosities ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,:ile em95tly prud5t & peace-lov+1 he 0 a man ( h]oic temp]4 ,he w\ld n temporize nor b[ to ! tyrann\s dictates ( human traditions or human policy4 ,?is grave _s he _h already %[n 9 8 e>ly y\?1 :5 he decid$ f conviction n to foll[ ! religion ( 8 fa!r1 :o 0 atta*$ to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & pref]r$1 z he us$ to say1 'to wor%ip ,god accord+ to act ( ,p>liam5t4' ',! law ( ! ,"l1 9 ! ^w & _s ( ! ,gospel1 :i* is '! law ( lib]ty1' 0 ,?omas ,campbell's supreme rule ( life4 ,x is int]e/+ to unfold ! ev5ts :i* l$ to ! f9al crisis t inaugurat$ actually & 9 a =mal mann] ! re/oration movem5t4 ,! ,sec$]s 7 n v num]\s )9 ! limits ( ! ,*>ti]s ,presbyt]y2 ! p[] ( expansion 0 n 9 !m4 ,mr4 ,campbell at once ga9$ a wide & /rong influ5ce4 ,8 natural ability1 8 s*ol>%ip & lit]>y culture1 made him mu* sup]ior to ! prea*]s 9 t region2 & 8 deep religi\s f]vor & zeal & 8 r>e c\rtesy ( mann] won ! he>ts ( ! p4 ,he did n respect 9 8 labors ! n>r[ _s & /rict1 illib]al rules & habits ( ! ,sec$] ,*ur*4 ,besides ?is1 he _h f\nd ne> him a numb] ( excell5t p :o _h come ov] f ,irel&1 ,presbyt]ians & ,indep5d5ts1 "s ( :om _h be5 8 acqua9tance & *]i%$ fri5ds 9 8 native l&4 ,^! ga!r$ ar\nd him1 & he promptly took !m to 8 he>t 9 8 m9i/rations z bre?r54 ,?is k9d ( fre$om1 h[ev]1 0 n 9 h>mony ) ! usages ( ! ,sec$]s4 ,lat] on he took a /ep :i* w5t ev5 fur!r ?an ?is1 & ?us 9 a v decid$ way transgress$ ! e/abli%$ cu/om ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he 0 s5t on a mission>y t\r ) a "y prea*]1 a ,mr4 ,wilson1 up ! ,allegh5y ,valley1 above ,pittsburgh1 to hold a celebration ( ! sacram5t among ! scatt]$ ,sec$]s ( t !n sp>sely-settl$ region4 ,he f\nd !re _m memb]s ( o!r ,presbyt]ian bodies :o _h n = a long "t enjoy$ ! privilege ( ^! by !m s highly-*]i%$ occasions4 ,8 he>t urg$ him to deplore 9 8 introductory s]mon ! exi/+ divisions among ,*ri/ians1 & to invite all ! pi\s among 8 he>]s1 :o 7 prep>$ = x1 to unite 9 ! p>ticipation ( ?is sacr$ fea/ ( ,god's p2 & _m accept$ ! invitation4 ,?is 0 a bold infraction ( ,sec$] cu/om4 ,campbell c\ld h no fell[%ip ) su* bigotry4 ,mr4 ,wilson soon discov]$ t ,campbell _h no reg>d = sect>ian diff]5ces & prejudices & t he 0 n s\nd 9 ! ,sec$] fai?4 ,8 conduct ( invit+ ^? n ( 8 ,*ur* to p>take ( ! communion 0 an ov]t act ( extreme transgression t c\ld n be ov]look$2 b he made no objection at ! "t ?is grave (f5se 0 committ$4 ,he felt x 8 duty1 h[ev]1 to br+ ! matt] be=e ! presbyt]y at its next meet+4 ,! *>ge conta9$ sev]al compla9ts1 b ! pr9cipal "o 0 ?is public act 9 reg>d to ! communion4 ,x recit$1 moreov]1 t ,campbell _h express$ 8 disapprobation ( ?+s 9 ! ',/&>ds' & ( ! practical application ( !m4 ,! presbyt]y1 already mu* dissatisfi$ ) 8 lib]al c\rse1 readily took up ,wilson's *>ges4 ,b !y _h be=e !m a man :o1 al?\gh ev] rem>kably incl9$ to peace & w>mly atta*$ to ! ,sec$] ,*ur*1 w\ld1 nev]!less1 n yield to any human au?ority aga9/ 8 convictions 9 matt]s ( s]i\s import4 ,! pres5t 0 a decisive mom5t 9 8 life1 rea*+ 9 its effects f> beyond :at 0 !n ?\ght4 ,aft] an inve/igation1 :i* call$ f him a mo/ e>ne/ plea 9 behalf ( ,*ri/ian lib]ty & frat]nity1 he 0 f\nd des]v+ ( c5sure4 ,9 va9 did he prote/ ! treatm5t he _h receiv$ at ! h&s ( 8 bre?r54 ,9 va9 did he appeal f ! presbyt]y to ! synod4 ,p>ty _s 0 unyield+4 ,he _h express$ s5tim5ts1 x insi/$1 :i* 7 v diff]5t f s5tim5ts held & pr(ess$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,?is1 x held1 0 an altoge!r suffici5t gr\nd ( c5sure4 ,f t "t _m ( 8 fell[ m9i/]s became inimical to him & 7 dispos$ to inflict on him at e opportunity _! petty p]secutions4 ,unju/ z he felt ! c5sure ( ! synod to be1 yet s /rong 0 8 love ( peace & 8 desire to cont9ue to live & labor ) 8 bre?r5 t he submitt$ to x2 ! condition1 h[ev]1 express$ 9 a writt5 =m to ?is tribunal t 8 submission %\ld be und]/ood to mean no m1 on 8 "p1 ?an an act ( def]5ce to ! judgm5t ( ! c\rt2 t by s do+ he might n give (f5se to 8 bre?r5 by manife/+ a refractory _s4 ,aft] ?is concession he hop$ t he w\ld be p]mitt$ to cont9ue 8 labors 9 peace2 b1 mu* to 8 regret1 ! ho/ility ( 8 oppon5ts cont9u$4 ,misrepres5tations1 calumny1 any?+ t w\ld detract f 8 influ5ce1 7 employ$ aga9/ him4 ,spies 7 employ$ to att5d 8 meet+s1 t1 if possible1 !y might f9d fre% gr\nd ( accusation 9 8 utt]ances4 ,at la/1 worn out ) ^! ef=ts1 & hav+ satisfi$ himself t corruption1 bigotry & tyranny 7 inh]5t 9 exi/+ cl]ical organizations1 he decid$ to sev] 8 connection ) ! religi\s body to :i* he _h giv5 life-long support1 r5\nc+ ! au?ority ( ! presbyt]y & synod4 ,t ?is f9al decisive /ep caus$ him mu* grief c n = a mom5t be d\bt$2 b x is c]ta91 also1 t ! fre$om :i* x gave him1 z a s]vant ( ,god1 mu/ h be5 to him a g5u9e joy & an imp>tation ( a /r5g? ( s\l he nev] knew be=e4 ,^! pa9ful exp]i5ces soon l$ to important consequ5ces4 ,by 8 =c$ )drawal f ! presbyt]y he f\nd himself )\t *ur* affiliations4 ,b ?is only quick5$ 8 zeal 9 ! ef=ts to ext5d ,*ri/'s k+dom4 ,he _h ga9$ a wide & /rong influ5ce 9 ! region 9 :i* he liv$4 ,no meet+ h\ses 7 at 8 comm&2 b he held 8 assemblies1 aft] ! pione] fa%ion1 9 private dwell+s1 b>ns1 s*oolh\ses & "u gre5 trees4 ,9 ^! labors x 0 no "p ( 8 plan to organize a sep>ate religi\s p>ty4 ,su* p>ties 7 already too num]\s4 ,at fir/ x seems t he _h no def9ite plan ( action4 ,he _h simply det]m9$ to use 8 /r5g? 9 su* ways z ,provid5ce %\ld op5 to him1 9 putt+ an end to p>tyism1 by induc+ ! diff]5t d5om9ations to unite toge!r on ! ,bible4 ,9 ?is purpose _m ( 8 neighbors he>tily sympa?iz$ ) him1 ?\gh %r9k+ f ! conclusions to :i* !y 7 be+ irresi/ably driv54 ,at la/ ! "t seem$ ripe = "s =w>d movem5t4 ,he !re=e det]m9$ to adopt :at he believ$ to be ! be/ c\rse to promote ! int]e/ ( 8 ,ma/]'s cause4 ,he saw t _m ( 8 he>]s s9c]ely1 "s ard5tly1 _h accept$ ! pr9ciples he 0 advocat+ & 7 con/ant 9 att5dance on 8 m9i/ry4 ,he consequ5tly propos$ to !m t !y meet toge!r & consult on ! be/ me?od to give m ord]1 def9it5ess & p]man5cy to _! ef=ts4 ,?is met ) ready & g5]al approbation4 ,a day 0 nam$ & at ! appo9t$ h\r a l>ge company assembl$ 9 an old f>mh\se 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! company 0 compos$ ( ?\ghtful m5 & wom51 deeply consci\s ( ! importance ( ! occasion4 ,!y 7 pla91 h>d-work+ pione]s1 b !y 7 m5 & wom5 ( fai?1 ^: he>ts 7 pa9$ at ! division into w>r+ sects & p>ties4 ,?\gh belong+ to diff]5t religi\s p>ties1 !y _h met to seek a pa?way ( clos] fell[%ip4 ,a feel+ ( deep solemnity p]vad$ ! entire assembly1 :5 at l5g? ,mr4 ,campbell arose to address !m4 ,! !me ( ! occasion _h gr[n to be ! burd5 ( 8 he>t4 ,he gave a cle> exposition ( ! situation & ( ! object ( ! assembly4 ,! ev5ts t _h l$ to ! call+ ( ?is meet+1 well und]/ood by all1 _h made a deep impression ^u !m4 ,! disc\rse 0 a /rong argum5t aga9/ sect>ian divisions & 9 behalf ( ,*ri/ian unity on ! ,bible z ! only infallible /&>d ( doctr9e & practice1 to ! rejection ( all human traditions4 ,he conclud$ ?is rem>kable disc\rse by urg+ ) great e>ne/ness ! adoption ( ! foll[+ pr9ciples z ! rule ( _! future action & life z ,*ri/ians3 ,:]e ! ,scriptures speak1 we speak2 :]e ! ,scriptures are sil5t1 we are sil5t4 ,?is bold maxim 0 s j t no "o ( ! audi5ce1 prep>$ z !y 7 by previ\s tea*+1 c\ld = a mom5t hesitate to accept x z "r4 ,^! p c\ld n help see+ ! effect ( ?is law on "s ( ! mo/ famili> practices ( ! d5om9ations to :i* mo/ ( !m belong$4 ,,! ,,decl>ation ,,& ,,address ,?is disc\rse to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made1 clos$ )3 ,:]e ! ,scriptures speak1 we speak2 :]e ! ,scriptures are sil5t1 we are sil5t1 & produc$ a pr(\nd impression on ! audi5ce4 ,! majority ( ! audi5ce 7 ready1 unhesitat+ly1 to give a he>ty ass5t to ?is great decl>ation4 ,b ! tr\blesome "q arose1 ,:]e w x lead u8 ,:5 ,mr4 ,campbell _h conclud$1 opportunity 0 giv5 = free expression ( views1 :]eupon ,&rew ,munro1 a %rewd ,scot* ,sec$]1 arose & said3 ,mr4 ,campbell1 if we adopt t z a basis1 !n !re is an end ( infant baptism4 ,?is rem>k & ! manife/ conviction t x c>ri$ ) x1 produc$ a great s5sation1 = ! :ole audi5ce 0 compos$ ( p$obapti/s :o *]i% infant baptism z "o ( _! c>d9al doctr9es4 ,( c\rse1 said ,mr4 ,campbell1 9 reply1 if infant baptism is n f\nd 9 ,scripture we c h no?+ to d ) x4 ,?is bold decl>ation came l a new revelation to ! audi5ce4 ,?omas ,a*eson1 "o ( ,mr4 ,campbell's close/ fri5ds1 9 a v excit$ mann] arose & said3 ,i hope ,i may nev] see ! day :5 my he>t w r5\nce t bless$ say+ ( ! ,scripture1 ',suff] ! little *ildr5 to come unto me1 & =bid !m n1 = ( su* is ! k+dom ( heav56' ,^u say+ ?is he bur/ into te>s1 & 0 ab\t to retire to ! adjo9+ room :5 ,james ,fo/]1 well in=m$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 call$ out1 ,mr4 ,a*eson1 ,i w\ld rem>k t 9 ! portion ( ,scripture y h quot$ !re is no ref]5ce to infant baptism4 ,)\t (f]+ a reply ,mr4 ,a*eson pass$ into ! adjo9+ room to weep alone4 ,?is new turn ( ?+s1 s unexpect$ to !m1 did n less5 _! confid5ce 9 ! position !y _h tak51 or 9 ! man :o 0 lead+ !m onw>d4 ,at ! end ( ! conf]5ce ! great pr9ciple 0 adopt$ )\t any real opposition4 ,x w\ld h be5 difficult = !m to object to a pr(ession s manife/ly loyal to ,god & s impregnably f\nd$ 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,! pr9ciple1 s univ]sal 9 its application1 & its controll+ au?ority 9 all ?+s t conc]n ! fai? & practice ( ! foll[]s ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 became h5ce=? ! wat*word & directive law ( action ( ^? endeavor+ to re/ore apo/olic ,*ri/ianity4 ,"s ( ^? :o />t$ out 9 ?is great movem5t1 :5 !y saw m cle>ly ! inevitable1 logical result ( ! great pr9ciple n[ adopt$1 "o aft] ano!r broke (f all connection ) ?is "w4 ,!y n[ began to feel t 9 ord] to c>ry out ) successful effect ?is noble purpose !y mu/ organize !mselves into a well-ord]$1 p]man5t association4 ,at a meet+ held ,augu/ #ag1 #ahji1 x 0 decid$ t !y w\ld =mally unite !mselves into a regul> body1 "u ! "n ( ,! ,*ri/ian ,association ( ,wa%+ton4 ,!y !n appo9t$ tw5ty-"o ( _! numb] to meet & conf] toge!r1 &1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,?omas ,campbell1 to det]m9e ^u ! prop] means to c>ry into effect _! purposes4 ,z x 0 f\nd to be v inconv5i5t to hold meet+s 9 private h\ses1 x 0 deem$ advisable to provide "s regul> place ( meet+4 ,! neighbors1 z 0 cu/om>y 9 ^? days1 all mov$ by good w = ! excell5t man & 8 purposes1 assembl$ & erect$ a log build+ ?ree miles f ,m\nt ,pleasant1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,?is build+ 0 design$1 also1 = ! purpose ( a common s*ool1 :i* 0 mu* ne$$ 9 t neighborhood4 ,no ecclesia/ical aspirations1 no sect>ian ambition1 no p>ty purpose or "n1 ent]$ into ! erection ( ?is humble build+4 ,! "n & cause ( ,*ri/ alone prompt$ & sanctifi$ ! act ( ^! hone/ s\ls4 ,ne> by1 9 ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,wel*1 a wor?y f>m] :o 0 fri5dly to ! association1 ,mr4 ,campbell _h a home4 ,a little *amb] up/airs 0 assign$ to him z 8 ap>tm5t4 ,"h he sp5t 8 leisure "t 9 quiet /udy1 = he felt t he ne$$ ^! days ( undi/urb$ retirem5t to prep>e himself to meet1 9 wisdom & ! fe> ( ,god1 ! crisis ?r\gh :i* he & ^? unit$ ) him 7 pass+4 ,! writ+ ) :i* he 0 at ?is "t engag$ 0 design$ to set =? to ! public at l>ge1 9 a cle> & def9ite mann]1 ! "* & purposes ( ! association4 ,9 ! prophet's *amb] ,?omas ,campbell wrote ! ,decl>ation & ,address :i* became s fam\s 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ef=t to re/ore apo/olic ,*ri/ianity4 ,:5 x 0 f9i%$ he call$ a special meet+ ( ! *ief memb]s & read x to !m = _! approval & adoption4 ,?is meet+ unanim\sly approv$ x & ord]$ its publication ,septemb] #g1 #ahji4 ,?is production is1 9 its sub/ance & _s1 z well z 9 its vigor\s & s*ol>ly /yle1 ! mo/ notable hi/orical production ( ! initiatory p]iod ( ! ef=t to re/ore ! apo/olic *ur* 9 its doctr9e & practice1 & is wor?y ( dilig5t & ?\ghtful /udy at ! pres5t day4 ,x is prop]1 !re=e1 t ,i %\ld note ! ess5tial pr9ciples !re9 set =?4 ,! admirable introduction sett+ =? & deplor+ ! divid$ /ate among ! pr(ess$ foll[]s ( ! ,savior conclud$ z foll[s3 ,our desire1 !re=e1 = ourselves & our bre?r5 w\ld be t1 reject+ human op9ions & ! inv5tions ( m5 z ( any au?ority1 or z hav+ any place 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 we might =ev] cease f fur!r cont5tions ab\t su* ?+s1 return+ to & hold+ fa/ by ! orig9al /&>d1 tak+ ! div9e ,^w alone = our rule1 ! ,holy ,_s = our tea*] & guide to lead u into all tru?1 & ,*ri/ alone z exhibit$ 9 ! ,^w = our salvation2 & t by s do+ we may be at peace among ourselves1 foll[ peace ) all m5 & hol9ess1 )\t :i* no man %all see ! ,"l4 ,!n foll[s a /atem5t ( ! purpose & program ( ! association3 ,to =m a religi\s association = promot+ simple & evangelical ,*ri/ianity1 "u ! "n ( ! ,*ri/ian ,association ( ,wa%+ton2 to contribute a c]ta9 sum to support a pure ,gospel m9i/ry & supply ! poor ) ! ,scriptures2 to enc\rage ! =mation ( simil> associations2 to consid] itself n a *ur*1 b z a *ur* re=mation society2 to c\nt5ance only su* m9i/]s z adh]e closely to ! example & precept ( ,scripture 9 conduct & tea*+2 to entru/ ! managem5t ( ! association to a /&+ committee ( tw5ty-"o2 to hold two meet+s a ye>2 to op5 ea* meet+ ) a s]mon2 & to look to ! fri5ds ( g5u9e ,*ri/ianity = ! support ( _! "w4 ,?is is foll[$ by ! address1 ) ! foll[+ d$icatory head+3 ,to all t love our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 s9c]ity1 ?r\gh\t all ! *ur*es1 ! foll[+ address is mo/ respectfully submitt$4 ,aft] an arraignm5t ( ! evils ( divisions & an indictm5t ( sect>ianism1 he pleads ) 8 de>ly belov$ bre?r5 ( all ! *ur*es to unite 9 ! bonds ( an entire ,*ri/ian unity--,*ri/ alone be+ ! head1 ! c5t]1 8 ^w ! rule2 & explicit belief ( & manife/ con=mity to x 9 all ?+s--! t]ms4 ,?us to come firmly & fairly to orig9al gr\nd1 & take up ?+s j z ! apo/les left !m4 ,9 ?is way !y c\ld become dis5tangl$ f ! accru+ emb>rassm5ts ( int]v5+ ages1 & /& ^u ! same gr\nd on :i* ! *ur* /ood at ! beg9n+4 ,"h1 inde$1 0 ! />tl+ proposition to beg9 anew--to beg9 at ! beg9n+2 to asc5d at once to ! pure f\nta9 ( tru?1 & to neglect & disreg>d1 z ?\gh !y _h nev] be51 ! decrees ( popes1 c>d9als1 synods & assemblies1 & all ! traditions & corruptions ( an apo/ate *ur*4 ,"h 0 an ef=t n s mu* = ! re=mation ( ! *ur* z 0 t ( ,lu!r & ( ,calv9 & ( ,haldanes1 b = its complete re/oration at once to its pri/9e purity & p]fection4 ,by com+ at once to ! primitive model & reject+ all human imag9ations2 by submitt+ implicitly to ! div9e au?ority z pla9ly express$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 & by disreg>d+ all ! assumptions & dictations ( fallible m51 x 0 propos$ to =m a union ^u a basis to :i* no valid objection c\ld possibly be (f]$4 ,by ?is summ>y me?od ! *ur* 0 to be at once releas$ f ! controv]sies ( eighte5 c5turies1 & f conflict+ claims ( all pret5d]s to apo/olic ?rones1 & ! primitive ,gospel ( salvation 0 to be dis5tangl$ & disemb>rass$ f all ^? corruptions & p]v]sions :i* _h h]et(ore delay$ or arre/$ its progress4 ,!re 7 c]ta9 fundam5tal tru?s ( ! nature ( fir/ pr9ciples1 tru?s demon/rably evid5t 9 ! light ( ,scripture & "r reason1 :i* und]ly ! proposal = a union ( ! pr(ess$ foll[]s ( ,*ri/4 ,^! are s int]e/+ & important t ,i deem x wise to give !m1 = !y ne$ to be dilig5tly & pr(\ndly /udi$ by ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,!y are summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ propositions3 #a4 ,t ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ ^u e>? is ess5tially1 int5tionally & con/itutionally "o2 consi/+ ( all ^? 9 e place t pr(ess _! fai? 9 ,*ri/ & ob$i5ce to him 9 all ?+s accord+ to ! ,scriptures1 & t manife/ ! same by _! temp]s & conduct1 & ( none else2 z none else c be truly & prop]ly call$ ,*ri/ians4 #b4 ,t al?\gh ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ ^u e>? mu/ necess>ily exi/ 9 p>ticul> & di/9ct societies1 locally sep>ate "o f ano!r1 yet !re ought to be no s*isms1 no un*>itable divisions among !m4 ,!y ought to receive ea* o!r z ,*ri/ ,jesus ha? also receiv$ !m1 to ! glory ( ,god4 ,& = ?is purpose !y ought all to walk by ! same rule1 to m9d & speak ! same ?+1 & to be p]fectly jo9$ toge!r 9 ! same m9d & 9 ! same judgm5t4 #c4 ,t 9 ord] to ?is no?+ ought to be inculcat$ ^u ,*ri/ians z articles ( fai?1 nor requir$ ( !m z t]ms ( communion1 b :at is expressly taught & enjo9$ ^u !m 9 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,nor ought any?+ to be admitt$ z ( div9e obligation1 9 _! *ur* con/itution & managem5t1 b :at is expressly enjo9$ by ! au?ority ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les ^u ! ,new ,te/am5t ,*ur*1 ei!r 9 express t]ms or by approv$ prec$5t4 #d4 ,t al?\gh ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts are insep>ably connect$1 mak+ toge!r b "o p]fect & entire revelation ( ! div9e w1 = ! edification & salvation ( ! ,*ur*1 & !re=e 9 t respect c n be sep>at$1 yet z to :at directly & prop]ly belongs to _! imm$iate object1 ! ,new ,te/am5t is z p]fect a con/itution = ! wor%ip1 discipl9e & gov]nm5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,*ur*1 & z p]fect a rule = ! p>ticul> duties ( its memb]s1 z ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 = ! wor%ip1 discipl9e & gov]nm5t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ,*ur*1 & ! p>ticul> duties ( its memb]s4 #e4 ,t ) respect to ! comm&s & ord9ances ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 :]e ! ,scriptures are sil5t z to ! express "t or mann] ( p]=mance1 if any su* !re be1 no human au?ority has p[] to int]f]e1 9 ord] to supply defici5cy by mak+ laws = ! ,*ur*2 nor c any?+ m be requir$ ( ,*ri/ians 9 su* cases1 b only t !y s obs]ve ^! comm&s & ord9ances z w evid5tly answ] ! decl>$ & obvi\s end ( _! in/itution4 ,mu* less h any human au?ority p[] to impose new comm&s or ord9ances ^u ! ,*ur*1 :i* our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ has n enjo9$4 ,no?+ ought to be receiv$ into ! fai? or wor%ip ( ! ,*ur*1 or be made a t]m ( communion among ,*ri/ians1 t is n z old z ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #f4 ,t al?\gh inf]5ces & d$uctions f ,scripture premises1 :5 fairly inf]r$1 may be truly call$ ! doctr9e ( ,god's holy ,^w1 yet are !y n =mally b9d+ ^u ! consci5ces ( ,*ri/ians f>!r ?an !y p]ceive ! connection1 & evid5tly see t !y are s2 = _! fai? mu/ n /& 9 ! wisdom ( m51 b 9 ! p[] & v]acity ( ,god4 ,!re=e no su* d$uctions c be made ! t]ms ( communion1 b d prop]ly belong to ! aft] & progressive edification ( ! ,*ur*4 ,h5ce1 x is evid5t t no su* d$uctions or inf]5tial tru? ought to h any place 9 ! ,*ur*'s confession4 #g4 ,t al?\gh doctr9al exhibitions ( ! great sy/em ( div9e tru?s & def5sive te/imonies 9 opposition to prevail+ errors be highly exp$i5t1 & ! m full & explicit !y be = ^? purposes ! bett]2 yet1 z ^! mu/ be 9 a great measure ! effect ( human reason+1 & ( c\rse mu/ conta9 _m inf]5tial tru?s1 !y ought n to be made t]ms ( ,*ri/ian communion1 unless we suppose1 :at is contr>y to fact1 t none h a "r to ! communion ( ! ,*ur*1 b su* z possess a v cle> & decisive judgm5t1 or are come to a v high degree ( doctr9al in=mation2 :]eas ! ,*ur* f ! beg9n+ did1 & ev] w1 consi/ ( little *ildr5 & "y m51 z well z fa!rs4 #h4 ,t z x is n necess>y t p]sons %\ld h a p>ticul> k or di/9ct appreh5sion ( all div9ely-reveal$ tru?s 9 ord] to entitle !m to a place 9 ! ,*ur*1 nei!r %\ld !y1 = ?is purpose1 be requir$ to make a pr(ession m ext5sive ?an _! k2 b t1 on ! contr>y1 _! hav+ a due measure ( scriptural self-k respect+ _! lo/ & p]i%+ condition by nature & practice1 & ( ! way ( salvation ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 accompani$ ) a pr(ession ( _! fai? 9 ! ob$i5ce to him1 9 all ?+s1 accord+ to 8 ,^w1 is all t is absolutely necess>y to qualify !m = admission into 8 ,*ur*4 #i4 ,t all :o are able ?r\gh grace to make su* a pr(ession1 & to manife/ ! reality ( x 9 _! temp]s & conduct1 %\ld consid] ea* o!r z ! preci\s sa9ts ( ,god1 %\ld love ea* o!r z bre?r51 *ildr5 ( ! same family & ,fa!r1 temples ( ! same ,_s1 memb]s ( ! same body1 subjects ( ! same grace1 objects ( ! same div9e love1 b\ght ) ! same price1 & jo9t-heirs ( ! same inh]itance4 ,:om ,god ha? ?us jo9$ toge!r no man %\ld d>e put asund]4 #aj4 ,t divisions among ! ,*ri/ians is a horrid evil1 fraught ) _m evils4 ,x is anti-,*ri/ian1 z x de/roys ! visible unity ( ! body ( ,*ri/2 z if he 7 divid$ aga9/ himself1 exclud+ & excommunicat+ a "p ( himself4 ,x is anti-scriptural1 z be+ /rictly prohibit$ by 8 sov]eign au?ority1 a direct violation ( 8 express comm&4 ,x is anti-natural1 z x excites ,*ri/ians to condemn1 to hate & oppose "o ano!r1 :]e b\nd by ! highe/ & mo/ ende>+ obligation to love ea* o!r z bre?r51 ev5 z ,*ri/ has lov$ !m4 ,9 a ^w1 x is productive ( confusion & ( e evil "w4 #aa4 ,t 79 "s in/ances7 a p>tial neglect ( ! expressly reveal$ w ( ,god1 & 79 o!rs7 an assum$ au?ority = mak+ ! approbation ( human op9ions & ( human inv5tions a t]m ( communion1 by introduc+ !m into ! con/itution1 fai? or wor%ip ( ! ,*ur*1 are1 & h be51 ! imm$iate1 obvi\s & univ]sally ackn[l$g$ causes ( all corruptions & divisions t ev] h tak5 place 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 #ab4 ,t all t is necess>y to ! highe/ /ate ( p]fection & purity ( ! ,*ur* ^u e>? is1 fir/1 t none be receiv$ z memb]s1 b su* z1 hav+ t due measure ( scriptural self-k describ$ above1 d pr(ess _! fai? 9 ,*ri/ & ob$i5ce to him 9 all ?+s accord+ to ! ,scriptures2 nor1 secondly1 t any be reta9$ 9 h] communion long] ?an !y cont9ue to manife/ ! reality ( _! pr(ession by _! temp] & conduct4 ,?irdly1 t h] m9i/]s1 duly & scripturally qualifi$1 inculcate none o!r ?+s ?an ^? v articles ( fai? & hol9ess expressly reveal$ & enjo9$ 9 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,la/ly1 t 9 all _! adm9i/rations !y keep close by ! obs]vance ( all div9e ord9ances1 aft] ! example ( ! primitive ,*ur*1 exhibit$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 )\t any additions :atev] ( human op9ions or inv5tions ( m54 #ac4 ,la/ly1 t if any circum/antials indisp5sably necess>y to ! obs]vance ( div9e ord9ances be n f\nd ^u ! pages ( express revelation1 su*1 & su* only1 z are absolutely necess>y = ?is purpose %\ld be adopt$ "u ! title ( human exp$i5ts1 )\t any pret5se to a m sacr$ orig91 s t any subsequ5t alt]ation or diff]5ce 9 ! obs]vance ( ^! ?+s might produce no cont5tion nor division 9 ! ,*ur*4 7,memoirs ( ,?omas ,campbell1 pages #dh-eb47 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,alex&] ,,campbell ,alex&] ,campbell1 ! son1 arriv$ 9 ?is c\ntry ,septemb] #bi1 #ahji1 j z ! pro( %eets ( ! ,decl>ation & ,address 7 com+ f ! press1 & z a matt] ( ! fir/ conc]n ) him1 ,?omas ,campbell gave a full detail ( ! ev5ts already relat$ to 8 son1 & desir$ especially t he %\ld read & consid] ! ,decl>ation & ,address4 ,?is ,alex&] did1 & fell 9 he>tily ) ! action ( 8 fa!r & ! pr9ciples set =? !re94 ,a new _w ( ?\ght & life 0 n[ op5$ to him4 ,he _h sp5t "o ( ! two ye>s ( sep>ation 9 /udy at ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[1 :]e 8 fa!r _h =m]ly /udi$1 & :ile !re came m intimately "u ! influ5ce ( ! new ideas & movem5ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re he _h met ,greville ,ew+1 ! ,haldanes1 & o!r religi\s lead]s ( ! "t :o 7 press+ = l>g] lib]ty ( religi\s s]vice "u ! rule ( a /rict] con=mity to ! ,scriptures1 & _h 9 a l>ge measure imbib$ ^! pr9ciples4 ,he _h n _h ! c\rage to write to 8 fa!r ( 8 *ange ( convictions f ! old *ur*1 & n[ fe>$ t 8 *ang$ c\rse w\ld br+ him deep pa94 ,9 ?is attitude ( m9d ! meet+ betwe5 fa!r & son took place4 ,happy 0 ! surprise :5 ea* le>n$ t ! o!r no long] adh]$ to ! old religi\s p>ty 9 :i* !y _h be5 re>$4 ,,subject ,,& ,,act ,,( ,,baptism ,,settl$ ,:ile read+ ! pro( %eets ( ! ,decl>ation & ,address1 ,alex&] ,campbell _h a conv]sation on ! pr9ciples set =? !re9 ) a ,mr4 ,riddle1 ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 :om he accid5tally met4 ,:5 ! proposition t no?+ %\ld be requir$ z a matt] ( fai? or duty = :i* a ',?us sai? ! ,"l' c\ld n be produc$ ei!r 9 express t]ms or by approv$ prec$5t1 0 introduc$1 ,mr4 ,riddle v promptly repli$ t ! words1 h[ev] plausible 9 appe>ance1 7 n s\nd2 = if t 7 foll[$ x w\ld be necess>y to ab&on infant baptism4 ,to :i* he repli$1 ,:y1 sir1 is !re 9 ! ,scriptures no express precept nor prec$5t = infant baptism8 ,n "o1 sir1 0 ! prompt reply4 ,?is reply />tl$ & mortifi$ ,mr4 ,campbell1 & %ortly aft]w>d he m5tion$ ! sugge/$ difficulty to 8 fa!r1 :o repli$1 ,we make our appeal to ! law & ! te/imony4 ,:atev] is n f\nd !re9 mu/ ( c\rse be ab&on$4 ,n will+ to rema9 9 unc]ta9ty on ! subject1 he procur$ all ! books & tracts he c\ld favorable to ! practice4 ,on read+ !m he 0 disgu/$ ) ! assumptions & fallaci\s reason+s to su/a9 ! practice1 & ?rew !m aside ) ! fa9t hope ( f9d+ some?+ m conv9c+ 9 ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 only made ! matt] worse1 & ^u aga9 ent]+ into a conv]sation ) 8 fa!r on ! subject he f\nd him entirely will+ to admit t !re 7 nei!r 'express t]ms' nor 'prec$5t' to au?orize ! practice4 ',b1' said he1 'z = ^? :o are already memb]s ( ! *ur* & p>ticipants ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 ,i c see no propriety1 ev5 if ! scriptural evid5ce = infant baptism be f\nd defici5t1 9 _! un*ur*+ or paganiz+ !mselves1 or 9 putt+ (f ,*ri/1 m]ely = ! sake ( mak+ a new pr(ession2 ?us go+ out ( ! *ur* m]ely = ! sake ( com+ 9 aga94' ,f ?is x seems t he 0 dispos$ only to conc$e t !y ought n to tea* nor practice infant baptism )\t div9e au?ority1 & t !y %\ld prea* & practice scriptural baptism 9 reg>d to all :o 7 to make1 = ! fir/ "t1 a pr(ession ( fai?4 ,9 def]5ce to 8 views1 ! son dismiss$ ! subject = ! "t1 seem+ly satisfi$ ) ! fallaci\s reason+ impos$ by circum/ances1 :i* prev5t$ 8 fa!r f see+ !n ! real position :i* baptism occupi$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian economy1 & consequ5tly f mak+1 9 reg>d to x1 a practical application ( 8 own pr9ciples4 ,) ?is ,alex&] ,campbell seems to h susp5d$ 8 inve/igation ( ! subject1 & to h =eborne giv+ to x t imp>tial & cont9u$ att5tion necess>y to ! discov]y ( tru?4 ,9 a disc\rse deliv]$ ,june #e1 #ahaa1 on ,*ri/'s commission to 8 apo/les 7,m>k #af3ae1af71 he said1 9 ref]5ce to baptism3 ,z ,i am sure x is unscriptural to make ?is matt] baptism a t]m ( communion1 ,i let x slip4 ,i wi% to ?9k & let ?9k on ^! matt]s4 ,b circum/ances came up lat] :i* compell$ him to give x a mo/ pa9/ak+ exam9ation4 ,he 0 m>ri$ ,m>* #ab1 #ahaa1 & on ,m>* #ac1 #ahab1 8 fir/ *ild 0 born4 ,soon aft] ?is ev5t a great *ange took place 9 8 views 9 reg>d to baptism4 ,8 wife1 ) h] fa!r & "m1 0 /ill a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 &1 z ! *ild grew1 x 0 natural t ! subject ( infant baptism %\ld become "o ( imm$iate practical int]e/4 ,z view$ f ! viewpo9t ( 8 e>ly education1 infant baptism 0 a rite ju/ifi$1 inf]5tially at lea/1 & n to be neglect$2 b view$ f ! pr9ciples set =? 9 ! ,decl>ation & ,address x possess$ no div9e au?ority1 yet z an anci5t & v5]at$ practice1 & = ! sake ( peace1 x seem$ to 8 fa!r & to himself exp$i5t to all[ its cont9uance 9 ! case ( su* memb]s z consci5ti\sly believ$ x prop]4 ,mo/ ( ! memb]s ( ! *ur*1 fur!rmore1 suppos$ !mselves to h be5 baptiz$ into ! *ur* 9 _! infancy4 ,f ! occasional discussions ( ! subject among ! memb]s ( ! ,bru% ,run ,*ur*1 !re 0 an increas+ conviction on ! "p ( _m t baptism 0 a matt] ( mu* m importance ?an _h be5 g5]ally suppos$1 & n[ 8 *ang$ relation%ip caus$ him to %>e 9 ?is conviction4 ,admitt+ t infant baptism is )\t div9e w>rant assum$ a v diff]5t aspect1 & 0 no long]1 ,may we safely reject infant baptism z a m]e human inv5tion8 b1 ,may we omit believ]s' baptism1 :i* all admit to be div9ely comm&$8 ,9 o!r words1 if infant baptism is )\t div9e w>rant1 x is invalid1 & !y :o receive x are z a matt] ( fact /ill unbaptiz$4 ,:5 !y come to "k ?is 9 aft] ye>s1 w ,god accept ! cr$ulity ( ! p>5t = ! fai? ( ! *ild8 ,m5 may be pleas$ to omit fai? on ! "p ( ! p]son baptiz$1 b w ,god sanction ! omission ( baptism on ! "p ( ! believ]1 on ! gr\nd t 9 8 infancy he _h be5 ! subject ( a c]emony :i* _h n be5 enjo9$8 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! practice ( infant baptism c be ju/ifi$ by inf]5tial reason+ on any suffici5t evid5ce1 :y %\ld x n be adopt$ or cont9u$ by common cons5t1 )\t fur!r discussion8 ,su* 7 "s ( ! ?\ghts :i* at ?is "t pass$ ?r\gh ! m9d ( ,alex&] ,campbell4 ,desir+ to ma9ta9 a consci5ce void ( (f5se t[>d ,god & m51 & s5sible ( ! responsibilities re/+ ^u him 9 ! new relation%ip :i* he su/a9$ z a fa!r1 he 0 l$ to ?9k m e>ne/ly & s]i\sly ^u ! :ole subject1 s t he might n come %ort 9 any duty t ,god _h plac$ ^u him4 ,at ?is po9t he p>t$ company ) all un9spir$ au?orities & turn$ to ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t & dilig5tly appli$ himself to ! mean+ ( ! words translat$ into ! ,engli% by ! words baptize & baptism1 & soon became ?or\ghly satisfi$ t ! act indicat$ by !m c\ld n be p]=m$ %ort ( a burial ( ! subject 9 wat]4 ,by fur!r inve/igations he 0 l$ to ! /rong conviction t believ]s1 & believ]s only1 7 ! scriptural subjects ( ! ord9ance4 ,he n[ fully p]ceiv$ t ! rite ( spr9kl+ to :i* he _h be5 subject$ 9 infancy 0 :olly unau?oriz$1 & t he 01 consequ5tly1 9 po9t ( fact1 an unbaptiz$ p]son1 & h5ce c\ld n consi/5tly prea* a baptism to o!rs ( :i* he _h nev] be5 a subject himself4 ,! subject 0 ( su* s]i\s & anxi\s inquiry t he frequ5tly conv]s$ ) 8 wife on ! subject2 %e also became int]e/$ 9 x1 & f9ally rea*$ ! same conclusion4 ,hav+ n[ rea*$ su* a def9ite conclusion 9 reg>d to ! matt]1 he c\ld n long refra9 f putt+ 8 convictions into practice1 s he resolv$ to obey :at he n[ f\nd to be a positive1 div9e comm&4 ,"s "t prior to ?is he _h =m$ an acqua9tance ) ,mat?ias ,luce1 a ,bapti/ prea*]1 :o liv$ "s ?irty miles di/ant1 to :om he n[ decid$ to apply to p]=m ! rite4 ,on 8 way to see him he call$ to see 8 fa!r & ! family4 ,soon aft] 8 arrival 8 si/]1 ,doro!a1 took him aside & told him t %e _h be5 9 great tr\ble = "s "t 9 reg>d to ! validity ( h] baptism1 z %e c\ld f9d no au?ority :atev] 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t = infant baptism1 & z %e _h receiv$ no?+ else1 c\ld n resi/ ! conviction t %e _h nev] be5 baptiz$1 & reque/$ him to lay h] difficulties be=e h] fa!r4 ,to ?is unexpect$ ann\ncem5t he respond$ t he also _h rea*$ ! same conclusion & 0 !n on 8 way to arrange ) ,mr4 ,luce to imm]se him1 & t he w\ld lay ! :ole matt] be=e _! fa!r4 ,accord+ly he s\ght & obta9$ an int]view ) him2 discuss$ ! subject at "s l5g?1 & conclud$ ) ^! words3 ,i n[ fully & consci5ti\sly believe t ,i h nev] be5 baptiz$1 & consequ5tly ,i am1 9 po9t ( fact1 an unbaptiz$ p]son2 & h5ce c n consi/5tly prea* baptism to o!rs1 z ,i h nev] submitt$ to x myself4 ,to ?is 8 fa!r respond$1 ,i h1 !n1 no?+ fur!r to add4 ,y mu/ please y\rself4 ,z ,alex&] 0 leav+ ! next morn+1 8 fa!r said3 ,:51 :]e1 & by :om d y int5d to be imm]s$8 ,to :i* ,alex&] repli$3 ,z to ! place1 ,i pref] to be baptiz$ ne> home1 among ^? :o are accu/om$ to he> my prea*+2 z to ! "t1 j z soon z ,i c make arrangem5ts ) a suitable ,bapti/ prea*]4 ,i w let y "k z soon z ,i make ! necess>y arrangem5ts4 ,! int]view ) ,mr4 ,luce 0 satisfactory & ev]y?+ 0 satisfactorily arrang$4 ,mr4 ,ri*>dson gives ! foll[+ int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! baptism3 ,w$nesday1 ,june #ab1 #ahab1 hav+ be5 select$1 ,eld] ,luce1 9 company ) ,eld] ,h5ry ,spe>s1 call$ at ,?omas ,campbell's on _! way to ! place *os5 = ! imm]sion1 :i* 0 ! deep pool 9 ,buffalo ,creek1 :]e ?ree memb]s ( ! ,association _h =m]ly be5 baptiz$4 ,next morn+1 z !y 7 sett+ out1 ,?omas ,campbell simply rem>k$ t ,mrs4 ,campbell _h put up a *ange ( raim5t = h]self & him1 :i* 0 ! fir/ intimation t !y also int5d$ to be imm]s$4 ,^u arriv+ at ! place1 z ! great] "p ( ! ,bru% ,run ,*ur*1 ) a l>ge conc\rse ( o!rs1 attract$ by ! novelty ( ! occasion1 7 assembl$ at ,david ,bryant's h\se1 ne> ! place1 ,?omas ,campbell ?\ght x prop] to pres5t1 9 full1 ! reasons :i* _h det]m9$ 8 c\rse4 ,9 a long address he review$ ! entire gr\nd :i* he _h occupi$1 & ! /ruggles t he _h und]gone 9 ref]5ce to ! p>ticul> subject ( baptism1 :i* he _h e>ne/ly desir$ to dispose (1 9 su* a mann] t x might be no h9drance 9 ! atta9m5t ( t ,*ri/ian unity :i* he _h labor$ to e/abli% on ! ,bible alone4 ,9 endeavor+ to d ?is he admitt$ t he _h be5 l$ to ov]look its importance1 & ! v _m pla9 & obvi\s tea*+s ( ! ,scriptures on ! subject2 b hav+ at l5g? atta9$ a cle>] view ( duty1 he felt x incumb5t ^u him to submit to :at he n[ saw an important ,div9e in/itution4 ,alex&] aft]w>ds foll[$ ) an ext5d$ def5se ( _! proce$+s1 urg+ ! necessity ( submitt+ implicitly to all ,god's comm&m5ts1 & %[+ t ! baptism ( believ]s only 0 au?oriz$ by ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,9 8 rem>ks1 he _h quot$1 among o!r scriptures1 ! comm& ( ,pet] to ! believ]s on ! day ( ,p5teco/3 ,rep5t & be baptiz$1 e "o ( y1 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 = ! remission ( s9s1 & y %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s2 & _h dwelt at l5g? ^u ! graci\s promises ( ,god to all :o %\ld obey him4 ,:5 he _h conclud$1 ,james ,hanan1 :o1 ) 8 wife1 _h also conclud$ to be baptiz$1 took 8 *ild f its "m's arms & reque/$ h] to walk aside1 ask$ h] :at %e ?\ght ( ! decl>ation ( ,pet]1 ,y %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & h[ %e und]/ood x4 ,mrs4 ,hanan1 be+ well acqua9t$ ) ! ,scriptures1 soon gave a satisfactory reply1 & bo? 7 accord+ly baptiz$ along ) ! re/1 consi/+ ( ,alex&] ,campbell & 8 wife1 8 fa!r & "m1 & 8 si/]--9 all1 sev5 p]sons4 ,alex&] _h /ipulat$ ) ,eld] ,luce t ! c]emony %\ld be p]=m$ precisely accord+ to ! patt]n giv5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & t1 z !re 0 no acc\nt ( any ( ! fir/ conv]ts be+ call$ ^u to give :at is call$ a religi\s exp]i5ce1 ?is mod]n cu/om %\ld be omitt$1 & t ! c&idates %\ld be admitt$ on ! simple confession t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god4 ,^! po9ts he _h fully discuss$ ) ,luce dur+ ! ev5+ sp5t at 8 h\se :5 he fir/ w5t up to reque/ 8 att5dance1 & !y _h be5 arrang$ z he desir$4 ,eld] ,luce _h1 inde$1 at fir/ object$ to ^! *anges1 z be+ contr>y to ,bapti/ usage1 b f9ally cons5t$1 rem>k+ t he believ$ !y 7 "r1 & he w\ld run ! risk ( c5sure4 ,!re 7 n1 !re=e1 ^u ?is occasion1 any ( ! usual =ms ( receiv+ p]sons into ! ,*ur* ^u a detail$ acc\nt ( religi\s feel+s & impressions4444 ,all 71 !re=e1 admitt$ to imm]sion ^u mak+ ! simple confession ( ,*ri/ requir$ ( ! conv]ts 9 ! apo/olic times4 ,! meet+1 x is relat$1 cont9u$ sev5 h\rs4 7,memoirs ( ,a4 ,campbell1 ,vol4 ,i1 pages #cif-cih47 ,)9 a week ( ! imm]sion ( ! ,campbells & _! gr\p1 ?irte5 o!r memb]s ( ! ,bru% ,run ,*ur* ask$ to be imm]s$1 & x 0 done by ,?omas ,campbell1 ^u a simple confession ( _! fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! ,son ( ,god4 ,x 0 n long be=e ! entire *ur* ( ?irty or m memb]s 7 imm]s$1 = ^? :o did n accept imm]sion )drew f ! *ur* & unit$ ) "s ( ! d5om9ations 9 ! community4 ,imm]sion became a condition ( union & communion ) ! ,bru% ,run ,*ur*4 ,its conv]sion into a company ( imm]s$ believ]s did n br+ !m any favor f ! p$obapti/ *ur*es ( ! community4 ,! ,bru% ,run ,*ur* _h come to its position "u ! guidance ( primitive apo/olic example & its application to e item ( fai? & practice :i* is adopt$ 9 its ord]4 ,x 0 n seek+ agreem5t ) any religi\s body1 b ! old pa?s1 agreem5t ) ! orig9al /&>d1 t x might come fairly & firmly to orig9al gr\nd ^u cle> & c]ta9 premises1 & take up ?+s j z ! apo/les left !m4 ,x 0 feel+ its way & mak+ sure ( its gr\nd z x w5t4 ,x knew ( no religi\s body t /ood ^u orig9al gr\nd2 none t d>$ to return to ! orig9al /&>d4 ,! s5se ( fre$om :i* x enjoy$ 9 be+ b\nd only by ! ,new ,te/am5t ) respect to all doctr9es & practices1 0 equal$ only by ! s5se ( c]ta9ty x enjoy$ 9 be+ infallibly guid$ by ! ,new ,te/am5t to ! true conditions ( unity & communion4 ,,! ,,r$/one ,,association ,z 0 to be expect$1 ! attitude ( ! ,bru% ,run ,*ur* 9 becom+ a body ( imm]s$ believ]s awak5$ a /orm ( opposition f ! p$obapti/ ranks1 & its memb]s became ! subjects ( no little p]secution4 ,misrepres5tations ( all k9ds1 7 freely circulat$ among ! p4 ,family & fri5d%ip ties 7 brok51 & ! common civilities ( society 7 d5i$ to ?is new ord] ( h]etics4 ,x is relat$ t ,alex&] ,campbell1 return+ aft] nightfall f "o ( 8 appo9tm5ts ab\t ?is "t1 0 ov]tak5 by a viol5t /orm4 ,call+ at ! h\se ( a memb] ( ! ,sec$] ,*ur*1 he ask$ = %elt] f ! viol5ce ( ! /orm4 ,be=e grant+ 8 reque/ %e desir$ to "k 8 "n4 ,on be+ in=m$ %e promptly refus$ him admittance1 giv+ z h] reason h] ho/ility to 8 religi\s views4 ,s he 0 =c$ to cont9ue 8 j\rney ?r\gh an almo/ trackless =e/1 until he rea*$ 8 home4 ,^! trials1 s f> f disc\rag+ ?is feeble b& ( e>ne/ se>*]s = ! tru?1 s]v$ r to /r5g!n _! fai? & zeal4 ,conv9c$ ( ! correctness ( _! c\rse1 !y 7 drawn m closely to ea* o!r by ! petty p]secutions :i* !y 7 n[ call$ ^u to suff]4 ,!y (t5 visit$ ea* o!r's h\ses1 frequ5tly sp5d+ ! great] portion ( ! night 9 social pray]1 9 se>*+ ! ,scriptures1 ask+ & answ]+ que/ions1 & s++ hymns ( praise4 ,?us 0 laid1 9 obscurity & adv]sity1 ! f\ndation ( ! great "w ( return+ to ! example ( ! primitive ,*ri/ians exhibit$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 )\t any addition :atev] ( human op9ions or inv5tions ( m54 ,a new situation n[ confront$ !m4 ,:5 ! ,bapti/s he>d ( ! action ( ! ,bru% ,run ,*ur* 9 submitt+ to imm]sion & adopt+ x 9 _! practice1 !y 7 highly elat$ & began to urge ! *ur* to jo9 ! ,r$/one ,association1 :i* embrac$ all ! ,bapti/ *ur*es ( t region4 ,alex&] ,campbell _h n be5 favorably impress$ ) ! ,bapti/s1 ei!r z m9i/]s or p1 & _h no idea ( unit+ ) !m4 ,he1 h[ev]1 lik$ ! p bett]1 & ! prea*]s less1 ! m he became acqua9t$ ) !m4 ,he did n press himself ^u _! att5tion1 b !y knew 8 p[] z a prea*] & (t5 s5t = him to prea* = !m4 ,he visit$ _! association :i* conv5$ at ,uniont[n1 ,pa41 9 ! autumn ( #ahab4 ,he w5t z a spectator1 & return$ m disgu/$ ?an :5 he w5t4 ,he 0 invit$ to prea*1 b he decl9$1 except "o ev5+ 9 a private family1 to a doz5 prea*]s & twice z _m laym54 ,he return$ home n int5d+ ev] to visit ano!r association4 ,lat] on he le>n$ t ! ,bapti/s !mselves did n appreciate ! prea*+ or ! prea*]s ( t association4 ,!y reg>d$ ! speak]s z worse ?an usual1 & _! disc\rses z n at all edify+4 ,!n !y press$ on ,mr4 ,campbell f e qu>t] to visit _! *ur*es1 & prea* = !m4 ,he (t5 spoke to ,bapti/ congregations = sixty miles ar\nd4 ,! matt] ( jo9+ ! ,r$/one ,association 0 laid be=e ! ,bru% ,run ,*ur* 9 ! fall ( #ahac4 ,!y discuss$ ! propriety ( ! measure4 ,aft] mu* discussion & e>ne/ desire to be direct$ by ! wisdom t come? d[n f above1 !y f9ally conclud$ to make an ov]ture to t effect1 & to write out a full view ( _! s5tim5ts1 wi%es & det]m9ations on ! subject4 ,!y did s1 exhibit+ _! remon/rance aga9/ all human cre$s z bonds ( communion & union among ,*ri/ians1 & express+ a will+ness1 ^u c]ta9 conditions1 to co-op]ate or unite ) t association1 provid$ always t !y %\ld be all[$ to tea* & prea* :atev] !y le>n$ f ! ,holy ,scriptures1 reg>dless ( any cre$ or =mula 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,! proposition 0 discuss$ at ! association1 &1 aft] mu* debate1 0 decid$ by a good majority 9 favor ( _! be+ receiv$4 ,?us a union 0 =m$4 ,b ! p>ty oppos$1 ?\gh small1 began e>ly to "w1 & cont9u$ ) a p]sev]ance wor?y ( a bett] cause4 ,b = ?ree ye>s !y c\ld d no?+4 ,! situation 9 :i* ,mr4 ,campbell f\nd himself1 soon aft] 8 connection ) ! ,r$/one ,association ( ! ,bapti/ *ur*es1 0 n at all invit+4 ,! orig9ality ( 8 me?od 9 deal+ ) ! ,scriptures1 & 8 utt] disreg>d = cu/oms1 h[ev] "t-honor$1 :i* 7 n sanction$ by primitive precept or example1 awak5$ ! suspicion ( ! m n>r[-m9d$ ( ! ,bapti/ prea*]s1 :o 7 n sl[ 9 manife/+ _! disapproval4 ,8 popul>ity among ! *ur*es ( ! association no d\bt add$ to _! displeasure1 & at e opportunity he 0 made to feel ! /+ ( _! res5tm5t4 ,?is ho/ility1 :i* at fir/ manife/$ itself 9 slights & little annoyances1 at la/ l$ to an op5 attack ^u 8 tea*+s4 ,:5 ! association met at ,cross ,creek 9 ,augu/1 #ahaf1 9 spite ( ! intrigues ( 8 enemies he 0 appo9t$ z "o ( ! speak]s1 on :i* occasion he prea*$ 8 great ,s]mon on ! ,law4 ,9 t disc\rse he %>ply discrim9at$ betwe5 ! law ( ,moses & ! ,gospel1 %[+ t ! =m] _h s]v$ its purpose1 & t its au?ority _h pass$ away :5 ! k+dom ( ! ,messiah 0 e/abli%$4 ,?is m>k$ ano!r important advance 9 ! progress ( ! ef=ts to return to apo/olic ,*ri/ianity4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! law & ! ,gospel1 ! old cov5ant & ! new1 ! lett] & ! _s1 ! ,jewi% commonweal? & ! k+dom1 _h be5 greatly obscur$ 9 popul> ?\ght4 ,x 0 claim$ t ! law 0 /ill alive1 & t ,*ri/ians come "u its provisions z su*1 ) ! exception ( its /rictly c]emonial p>ts1 & t ! *ur* "u ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation is ! same t exi/$ "u ! ,jewi% disp5sation4 ,! s]mon1 ?\gh conta9+ b pla9 ,scripture tea*+1 0 su* a bold assault ^u ! !ology & /yle ( prea*+ curr5t among ! ,bapti/s t x creat$ a great s5sation 9 ! association1 & rais$ a /orm ( p]secution4 ,! common p 71 = ! mo/ "p1 pleas$ ) 8 simple1 natural pres5tation ( ! tru?1 b ?is only add$ fuel to ! flame ( bitt]ness :i* "s ( ! prea*]s *]i%$ aga9/ him4 ,?is w nev] d1 !y said1 ?is is n our doctr9e4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! views pres5t$ 9 ?is s]mon1 ,mr4 ,campbell 0 br\ght up = trial & condemnation at ! next meet+ ( ! association 9 ! autumn ( #ahag4 ,at t "t b few 7 ready to accept ! conclusion 9 ! s]mon1 & ! actual adh]5ts ( ! tea*+1 scatt]$ among ! ,bapti/s ( ?ree ,/ates1 did n numb] m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty p]sons2 b not)/&+ ?is feeble support1 ^u inve/igation he 0 acquitt$ ( ! *>ge made aga9/ him4 ,opposition to him increas$ 9 ! ,r$/one ,association1 & "s ( ! prea*]s det]m9$ to manufacture a s5tim5t t w\ld ?ru/ him out :5 ! association %\ld meet 9 ,septemb]1 #ahbc4 ,9 pursuance ( ?is purpose c]ta9 influ5tial m5 canvass$ all ! *ur*es & secur$ ! appo9tm5t ( mess5g]s :o 7 9 sympa?y ) !mselves 9 opposition to ,mr4 ,campbell2 & :5 ! association met all ?+s 7 9 read9ess to exclude ! au?or ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,law f ! fell[%ip ( ! association4 ,b to ! a/oni%m5t & *agr9 ( ! plott]s1 :5 ! lett] f ! ,bru% ,run ,*ur* 0 read1 ,mr4 ,campbell1 ?\gh pres5t1 0 n m5tion$ z a mess5g]4 ,?is cool$ ! ardor ( 8 enemies :o _h hop$ to close ,bapti/ e>s aga9/ him by a decree ( excommunication1 & cru% 8 influ5ce g5]ally by putt+ him 9 ! discr$itable position ( "o expell$ f ! association4 ,a motion be+ made to invite him to a seat 9 ! body1 8 enemies oppos$ x1 & dem&$ to "k :y he _h n be5 s5t z a mess5g]4 ,aft] mu* discussion ,mr4 ,campbell reliev$ ! situation by /at+ t ! *ur* ( :i* he 0 !n a memb] did n belong to ! ,r$/one ,association4 ,9 describ+ ! *agr9 ( 8 enemies :5 ?is ann\ncem5t 0 made1 ,mr4 ,campbell says3 ,nev] did hunt]s1 on see+ ! game unexpect$ly escape f _! toils at ! mom5t :5 its capture 0 sure1 gl>e ^u ea* o!r a m mortify+ disappo9tm5t ?an t indicat$ by my pursu]s at t in/ant1 on he>+ t ,i 0 out ( _! bailiwick1 & consequ5tly out ( _! jurisdiction4 ,a solemn /illness ensu$1 & = a "t all p>ties seem$ to h no?+ to d4 ,=esee+ ! /orm t 0 ga!r+1 & le>n+1 j a few weeks be=e ! "t = ! association to conv5e1 ! plans t 7 be+ s indu/ri\sly laid to exclude him f ! association1 he det]m9$ to defeat ! project 9 a way :i* 8 enemies little expect$1 b :i* 0 9 /rict accordance ) ,bapti/ usage4 ,z he _h be5 frequ5tly solicit$ by ,adomson ,b5tly to leave ! ,r$/one ,association & unite ) ! ,mahon+1 & z a numb] ( ! memb]s ( ! ,bru% ,run ,*ur* liv$ 9 ,wellsburg & vic9ity1 he decid$ ?is 0 an opportune "t to =m a sep>ate congregation 9 :i* he w\ld h 8 memb]%ip1 & :i* might aft]w>d unite ) ! ,mahon+ ,association4 ,he ann\nc$1 !re=e1 to ! *ur* at ,bru% ,run t he desir$ f !m lett]s ( dismission = himself & "s ?irty o!r memb]s 9 ord] to con/itute a *ur* at ,wellsburg4 ,?is reque/ 0 grant$ & a congregation 0 at once =m$ 9 ! t[n ( ,wellsburg1 & cont9u$ to assemble regul>ly ev] aft]w>d 9 ! h\se :i* _h be5 previ\sly erect$ = t purpose4 ,?us 7 ! unrighte\s attempts ( wick$ m5 defeat$4 ,a ,,wid] ,,field ,%ortly be=e ! ev5ts already m5tion$1 ,mr4 ,campbell 0 v unexpect$ly drawn into a discussion ) ,john ,walk]1 a m9i/] ( ! ,sec$] ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,x came ab\t 9 ?is way3 ,! jeal\sy ( rival religi\s p>ties at ,m\nt ,pleasant1 ,ohio1 l$ to a controv]sy betwe5 ,mr4 ,walk] & ,mr4 ,bir*1 a ,bapti/ prea*]1 :i* end$ 9 a *all5ge by ,mr4 ,walk] to meet any ,bapti/ prea*] ( good /&+ 9 ! public discussion ( ! "q ( baptism4 ,! high op9ion ent]ta9$ ?r\gh\t t region = ,mr4 ,campbell's ability l$ to 8 selection z ! mo/ suitable *ampion ( ! ,bapti/ cause4 ,ow+ to ! circum/ances "u :i* he 0 plac$1 he did n give an imm$iate answ]4 ,9 ! meantime ,mr4 ,bir* r5ew$ ! appeal1 & f9ally made x m urg5t by /at+ t x 0 ! unanim\s wi% ( all ! ,bapti/ *ur*es ?r\gh\t t region t he %\ld be _! repres5tative 9 ! discussion4 ,be+ ?us call$ ^u by ! *ur*1 & urg$ by p]sonal fri5ds1 he c\ld no long] refuse to yield to 8 own convictions ( public duty4 ,8 hesitancy 0 n due to 8 own dis9cl9ation1 b 9 def]5ce to 8 fa!r1 :o did n reg>d public debates ! prop] me?od ( proce$+ 9 cont5d+ = ! fai? once deliv]$ to ! sa9ts4 ,he1 h[ev]1 f9ally succe$$ 9 conv9c+ 8 fa!r t1 h[ev] mu* ! usual unpr(itable debates ^u human !ories 7 to be deplor$ & avoid$1 no objection c\ld lie aga9/ a public def5se ( reveal$ tru?1 = :i* ! ,scriptures af=d$ abundant prec$5t4 ,hav+ ga9$ ?is po9t ) 8 fa!r1 he f9ally in=m$ ,mr4 ,bir* ( 8 will+ness to ent] ! discussion4 ,all prelim9>ies hav+ be5 arrang$1 ! discussion began on ,monday morn+1 ,june #ai1 #ahbj1 at ,m\nt ,pleasant1 ,ohio4 ,x 0 att5d$ by a l>ge conc\rse ( p & creat$ great int]e/4 ,mr4 ,walk]'s fir/ spee* 0 v brief1 & z x gives ! gi/ ( 8 :ole cont5tion ?r\gh\t ! debate1 ,i w give x 9 full3 ,my fri5ds1 ,i d n int5d to speak long at "o "t1 p]haps n m ?an five or t5 m9utes1 & w1 !re=e1 come to ! po9t at once3 ,i ma9ta9 t baptism came into ! room ( circumcision2 t ! cov5ant on :i* ! ,jewi% ,*ur* 0 built1 & to :i* circumcision is ! seal1 is ! same ) ! cov5ant on :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is built1 & to :i* baptism is ! seal2 t ! ,jews & ! ,*ri/ians are ! same body politic "u ! same lawgiv] & husb&2 h5ce ! ,jews 7 call$ ! congregation ( ! ,"l2 & ! bridegroom ( ! *ur* says1 ,my love1 my undefil$ is "o--consequ5tly ! infants ( believ]s h a "r to baptism4 ,9 response to ?is spee* ,mr4 ,campbell said t ! p$obapti/s act$ z if !y did n !mselves believe infant baptism to be true1 s9ce1 9 po9t ( fact1 !y did n put baptism 9 ! room ( circumcision1 z !y did n conf9e x to males only & ext5d x to s]vants z well z to *ildr51 p]=m x on ! eigh? day1 etc42 & !n proce$$ to po9t out v>i\s diff]5ces betwe5 ! two in/itutions :i* r5d]$ ! suppos$ sub/itution ( ! "o = ! o!r impossible4 ,among ^! he p>ticul>izes ! fact t circumcision requir$ only c>nal desc5t f ,abraham1 b t baptism dem&$ fai? 9 ,*ri/ z its indisp5sable pr]equisite2 & t baptism diff]$ f circumcision 9 ! nature ( ! bless+s x convey$1 :i* 7 spiritual & n temporal3 ,baptism is connect$ ) ! promise ( ! remission ( s9s & ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,?is utt]ance is 8 fir/ public recognition ( ! importance ( baptism4 ,:ile he !n di/9ctly p]ceiv$ & ass]t$ a scriptural connection betwe5 baptism & remission ( s9s1 he seems at ?is "t to h view$ x only 9 ! light ( an argum5t & to h b a fa9t conception ( its great practical importance 9 ! economy ( grace4 ,z ! discussion proce$$1 all recogniz$ t he 0 an inv9cible def5d] ( :at he believ$ ! ,scriptures taught4 ,8 :ole tra9+ _h fitt$ him = su* an ar5a4 ,8 lib]al education1 8 ext5sive read+1 8 wond]ful memory1 8 faultless diction1 8 rem>kable self-control1 su/a9$ z !y 7 by deep e>ne/ness ( purpose1 gave him at once a vantage gr\nd :i* he nev] rel9qui%$4 ,b su* 0 ! orig9ality ( 8 me?od 9 h&l+ ! tru? & 8 fre$om f ! accept$ t]ms ( ! !ological s*ools t ev5 ! victory1 :i* 0 univ]sally admitt$ to be ) him1 0 n accept$ by _m ( ! ,bapti/s z an unmix$ bless+4 ,! opportunities & issues ( ! debate 7 su* z to conv9ce ,mr4 ,campbell ( its practical utility 9 dissem9at+ ! tru? & he gave ! foll[+ *all5ge 9 8 conclud+ spee*4 ,i ?is day publi% to all pres5t t ,i feel dispos$ to meet any p$obapti/ m9i/] ( any d5om9ation1 ( good /&+ 9 8 p>ty1 & ,i engage to prove 9 a debate ) him1 ei!r orally or ) ! p51 t infant spr9kl+ is a human tradition & injuri\s to ! well-be+ ( society1 religi\s & political4 ,su* a *all5ge 0 well calculat$ to make a deep impression on all :o he>d x1 & ?is 0 :at he design$ x to d4 ,9 ! frankness ( 8 indep5d5t _s he1 f t "t =w>d1 held himself 9 read9ess to meet 9 public discussion any wor?y *ampion :o might rise 9 opposition to ! tru?s he taught1 or 9 def5se ( popul> religi\s error4 ,! effect ( ?is discussion1 h[ev]1 0 to aid ,mr4 ,campbell's gr[+ reputation4 ,8 fame 0 widely ext5d$ by ! publication ( ! debate1 :i* 0 read by ?\s&s1 & began soon to produce results f> beyond 8 fonde/ hopes4 ,! pr9t$ debate circulat$ v widely among ! ,bapti/s1 :o felt t !y _h ! be/ ( ! argum5t4 ,:ile "s ,bapti/s rema9$ extremely dubi\s 9 reg>d to ! or?odoxy ( _! *ampion1 o!rs took grateful pride 9 him1 & felt1 z "o ,bapti/ decl>$1 t he _h done m = ! ,bapti/s 9 ! ,we/ ?an any o!r man4 ,! pr9t+ & circulation ( ! debate op5$ ! eyes ( ,mr4 ,campbell to ! p[] & usefulness ( ! press4 ,f t "t =w>d he *]i%$ ! hope t he might d some?+ ^u a m ext5d$ scale to r\se ! p f _! spiritual le?>gy4 ,/ep by /ep he _h be5 br\ght to an em95ce f :i* he c\ld survey ! wide field 9 :i* he 0 de/9$ to labor1 & he n[ n]v$ himself = ! und]tak+4 ,aft] matur+ 8 plans1 he conf]r$ ) 8 fa!r & o!rs conc]n+ ! advisability ( issu+ a mon?ly publication 9 ! int]e/ ( religi\s tru?4 ,!y he>tily approv$ 8 plan1 & he issu$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahbc a prospectus = ! "w :i* he propos$ to call ,! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/4 ,9 ?is prospectus ! nature & objects ( ! publication 7 c&idly & cle>ly /at$1 z foll[s3 ,! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/ %all esp\se ! cause ( no religi\s sect1 except+ t anci5t sect call$ ,*ri/ians fir/ at ,antio*4 ,its sole object %all be ! eviction ( ! tru? & ! expos+ ( error 9 doctr9e & practice4 ,! editor1 ackn[l$g+ no /&>d ( religi\s fai? or works o!r ?an ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! latt] z ! only /&>d ( ! religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 w1 int5tionally at lea/1 oppose no?+ :i* x conta9s1 & recomm5d no?+ :i* x does n enjo94 ,hav+ no worldly int]e/ at /ake f ! adoption or reprobation ( any articles ( fai? or religi\s practice1 hav+ no gift nor religi\s emolum5t to bl9d 8 eyes or to p]v]t 8 judgm5t1 he hopes to manife/ t he is an imp>tial advocate ( tru?4 ,he d$icat$ ! "w to all ^?1 )\t di/9ction1 :o ackn[l$ge ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts to be a true revelation f ,god1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t z conta9+ ! religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 :o1 will+ to h all religi\s t5ets & practices tri$ by ! div9e ,^w1 & :o1 feel+ !mselves 9 duty b\nd to se>* ! ,scripture = !mselves 9 all matt]s ( religion1 are dispos$ to reject all doctr9e & comm&m5ts ( m51 & to obey ! tru?1 hold+ fa/ ! fai? once deliv]$ to ! sa9ts4 ,! ,campbell-,mc,calla ,discussion ,:ile mak+ prep>ations to issue ,! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/1 he receiv$ a lett] f ,mr4 ,mc,calla1 a ,presbyt]ian prea*] ( ,augu/a1 ,ky41 accept+ 8 *all5ge giv5 at ! conclusion ( ! ,walk] debate4 ,mr4 ,mc,calla _h be5 a lawy] & _h ga9$ a high reputation among ! ,presbyt]ians = 8 polemical p[]s4 ,x 0 !re=e greatly desir$ by 8 fri5ds & ! p$obapti/s ( ! community t he %\ld h an opportunity to retrieve1 if possible1 ! injury :i* _h be5 done to _! cause by ! g5]ally-admitt$ failure ( ,mr4 ,walk]4 ,aft] hav+ asc]ta9$ 8 /&+1 ,mr4 ,campbell agre$ to meet him1 & arrangem5ts 7 made = ! discussion to take place at ,wa%+ton1 ,ky41 beg9n+ ,octob] #ae1 #ahbc4 ,z ! ,ohio ,riv] 0 too l[ = navigation at ! "t1 ,mr4 ,campbell made ! entire di/ance ( ab\t ?ree hundr$ miles on horseback4 ,"h1 z 9 8 =m] discussion1 ! entire be>+ ( ! baptismal "q 0 c>efully canvass$4 ,ea* controv]t$ po9t 0 hotly conte/$ 9 ! pres5ce ( a va/ assemblage1 :i* _h be5 drawn toge!r by ,mr4 ,campbell's reputation & _! own int]e/ 9 ! "q at issue4 ,dur+ ?is discussion1 :i* cont9u$ sev5 days1 9 addition to 8 def5se ( ! scriptural act & subject ( baptism1 ! design & importance 7 set =? & exam9$ 9 a sy/ematic =m1 & ) su* critical ability z to a/oni% 8 he>]s4 ,9 ! discussion ) ,walk] he b>ely t\*$ ! design ( baptism1 b ei!r dur+ t debate or :ile transcrib+ x = publication1 an impression 0 made on 8 m9d t x _h a v important mean+ & t x 0 9 "s way connect$ ) remission ( s9s1 b he 0 s engag$ 9 o!r matt]s t x pass$ out ( 8 m9d till he receiv$ ! *all5ge to meet ,mc,calla 9 debate1 :5 he resolv$ to settle its true import be=e he ev] debat$ ! subject aga94 ,9 ! inve/igation1 he exam9$ ! ,new ,te/am5t ) great c>e & discuss$ ! subject ) 8 fa!r = sev]al mon?s1 & =m$ 8 conclusion aft] ?or\gh exam9ation & reflection1 & aft] he saw t x 0 ! way m>k$ out by ! ,holy ,_s he _h no hesitancy1 on ! second day ( ! debate ) ,mc,calla1 9 say+3 ,our ?ird argum5t is d$uc$ f ! design or import ( baptism4 ,on ?is topic ( argum5t we %all be z full z possible1 because ( its great importance1 & because p]haps nei!r ,bapti/s nor ,p$obapti/s suffici5tly appreciate x4 ,i w fir/ m]ely ref] to ! oracles ( ,god1 :i* %[ t baptism is an ord9ance ( ! greate/ importance & ( mom5t\s significance4 ,nev] 0 !re an ord9ance ( s great import or design4 ,x is to be b once adm9i/]$4 ,we are to pray (t51 praise (t51 %[ =? ! ,"l's dea? (t51 commemorate 8 resurrection e week1 b we are to be baptiz$ b once4 ,its great significance c be se5 f ! foll[+ te/imonies3 ,! ,"l sai?1 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$ 7,m>k #af3af74 ,he does n say1 ,he t believe? & keeps my comm&m5ts %all be sav$1 b he sai?1 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$4 ,he place? baptism on ! "r h& ( fai?4 ,aga91 he tells ,nicodemus t unless a man be born ( wat] & ( ! ,_s he c n ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,pet]1 on ! day ( ,p5teco/1 places baptism 9 ! same exalt$ place4 ,rep5t1 says he1 & be baptiz$1 e "o ( y1 = ! remission ( s9s 7,acts #b3ch74 ,ananias sai? to ,paul1 ,arise & be baptiz$ & wa% away ?y s9s1 call+ ^u ! "n ( ! ,"l 7,acts #bb3af74 ,paul sai? to ! ,cor9?ians1 ,ye 7 once =nicators1 idolat]s1 adult]]s1 effem9ate1 ?ieves1 covet\s1 drunk>ds1 riot]s1 extortion]s1 b ye are wa%$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 d\btless ref]r+ to _! baptism4 ,he tells ,titus1 ,god our ,fa!r sav$ u by ! wa%+ ( reg5]ation & r5ew+ ( ! ,holy ,_s 7,titus #c3e74 ,see aga9 its dignifi$ importance4 ,pet] f9i%es ! gr& climax 9 praise ( baptism3 ,baptism do? n[ also save u 444 by ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/ f ! dead 7,i ,pet] #c3ba74 ,x 0 ?is view ( baptism misappli$ t orig9at$ infant baptism4 ,! fir/ errori/s on ?is subject argu$ t if baptism 0 s necess>y = ! remission ( s9s1 x %\ld be adm9i/]$ to infants1 :om !y repres5t$ z 9 great ne$ ( x on acc\nt ( _! orig9al s94 ,affectionate p>5ts1 believ+ _! *ildr5 to be guilty ( orig9al s91 7 easily p]suad$ to h !m baptiz$ = ! remission ( orig9al s91 n = wa%+ away s9s actually committ$4 ,fai? 9 ,*ri/ is necess>y to =giv5ess ( s9s1 !re=e baptism )\t fai? is an unmean+ c]emony4 ,our argum5t f ?is topic is1 t baptism be+ orda9$ to be to a believ] a =mal & p]sonal remission ( all 8 s9s1 c n be adm9i/]$ unto an infant )\t ! grave/ p]v]sion & abuse ( ! nature & import ( ?is ord9ance4 ,inde$1 :y %\ld an infant t nev] s9n$--t1 z ,calv9i/s say1 is guilty only ( orig9al s91 :i* is a unit--be baptiz$ = ! remission ( s9s8 7,campbell-,mc,calla ,debate1 pages #aaf1 #aag1 #acf47 ,= a numb] ( ye>s prior to ! debate ,mr4 ,mc,calla _h tak5 great delight 9 assail+ ! di/9ctive t5ets ( ! ,bapti/s1 & gave !m no little annoyance4 ,z ! debate progress$ 8 defeat became m & m manife/ & rais$ ,mr4 ,campbell to great popul>ity among !m2 b z x 0 n 8 int5tion to seek popul>ity among !m by cat]+ to _! admiration1 by fo/]+ _! favorite b defective views ( ! ,gospel & its in/itutions1 he deem$ x wise on ! ev5+ ( ! fif? day ( ! debate to c&idly in=m ! pr9cipal ,bapti/ prea*]s pres5t ( ! exact position :i* he occupi$4 ,be+ assembl$ 9 a room :]e he _h call$ !m toge!r1 he introduc$ himself fully to _! acqua9tance 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 z relat$ by himself3 ,bre?r51 ,i fe> t if y knew me bett] y w\ld e/eem & love me less4 ,= let me tell y t ,i h almo/ z mu* aga9/ y ,bapti/s z ,i h aga9/ ! ,presbyt]ians4 ,!y err 9 "o ?+ & y 9 ano!r2 & y are ea* ne>ly equidi/ant f orig9al apo/olic ,*ri/ianity4 ,i paus$2 & su* a sil5ce z ensu$1 accompani$ by a pi]c+ look f all sides ( ! room1 ,i seldom be=e witness$4 ,eld] ,v>deman at l5g? broke ! sil5ce by say+3 ,well1 sir1 we want to "k our errors or y\r het]odoxy4 ,d let u he> x4 ,keep no?+ back4 ,i repli$3 ,i "k n :]e to beg92 nor am ,i 9 heal? & vigor aft] ! toils ( ! day to und]take s heavy a task2 b ,i am comm5c+ a publication call$ ,! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/1 to be devot$ to all su* matt]s1 a few copies ( :i* are 9 my portmanteau1 &1 ) y\r p]mission1 ,i w read y a few specim5s ( my het]odoxy4 ,!y all said3 ,let u he>--let u he> ! wor/ error y h aga9/ u4 ,i w5t up/airs & unwrapp$ ! fir/ ?ree numb]s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/ t ev] saw ! light 9 ,k5tucky4 ,i _h j t5 copies ( ! fir/ ?ree numb]s4 ,i c>ri$ !m into ! p>lor & read a sample1 ! fir/ essay on ! cl]gy--s mu* ( x z respect$ ! call to ! m9i/ry z !n taught 9 ! k+dom ( ! cl]gy1 & especially among ! ,bapti/s4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ essay ev] read f x 9 ,k5tucky4 ,aft] a sigh & a long sil5ce1 ,eld] ,v>deman said3 ,is t y\r wor/ error1 y\r *ief het]odoxy8 ,i d n c>e s mu* ab\t t1 z y admit t we h a provid5tial call1 )\t a voice f heav5 or a special visit f "s angel or _s4 ,if y h any?+ worse1 = my "p ,i wi% to he> x4 ,! cry 01 ,let u he> some?+ m4 ,on turn+ to & fro1 ,i read an article on ,mod]n ,mission>ies4 ,?is1 ) ! ,capital ,mi/ake ( ,mod]n ,mission>ies1 f9i%$ my read+ = ! ev5+4 ,on clos+ ?is essay1 ,eld] ,v>deman said3 ,i am n s great a mission>y man z to fall out ) y on t subject4 ,i mu/ he> m be=e ,i condemn or approve4 ,i !n di/ribut$ my t5 copies among ! t5 mo/ di/+ui%$ & advanc$ eld]s 9 ! room1 reque/+ !m to read ^! numb]s dur+ ! recess ( ! debate1 & to communicate freely to me _! objections4 ,we sep>at$4 ,s ! matt] end$ at t "t4 7,memoirs ( ,a4 ,campbell1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 page #hh47 ,at ! close ( ! debate ! ,bapti/ prea*]s 7 s mu* pleas$ ) ! results1 & s tol]ant ( :at !y f\nd 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/1 t !y reque/$ ,mr4 ,campbell to furni% !m ) ! pr9t$ proposals = its publication1 9 ord] to ext5d its circulation1 & urg$ him to make an imm$iate t\r ?r\gh ! ,/ate4 ,previ\s engagem5ts prev5t$1 & he c\ld only comply ) _! wi%es s f> z to visit ,bryan's ,/ation1 ,mayslick1 & ,lex+ton2 promis+1 if possible1 to make a m ext5d$ t\r ?r\gh ! ,/ate ! foll[+ ye>4 ,z ,mr4 ,mc,calla's "* = ability 0 well e/abli%$ & equally well su/a9$ by 8 ,presbyt]ian bre?r51 ! results ( ! discussion 7 less damag+ to 8 reputation ?an to ! cause :i* he advocat$1 :i* to ?is day has nev] recov]$ f ! )]+ defeat :i* x !n suff]$4 ,b ,mr4 ,mc,calla labor$ = "s "t aft] ! debate to *ange public s5tim5t by prea*+ on ! subjects discuss$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,k5tucky1 endeavor+ at ! same "t to prejudice ! m9ds ( ! p 9 advance aga9/ ! report ( ! debate :i* ,mr4 ,campbell 0 soon to publi%4 ,mr4 ,campbell 0 fully satisfi$ ) 8 "p 9 ! discussion1 & 0 n[ ?or\ghly satisfi$ t debates 7 a great means ( rea*+ ! p ) ! tru?1 = he wrote3 ,public discussion1 is1 we are conv9c$1 "o ( ! be/ means ( propagat+ ! tru? & ( expos+ error 9 doctr9e or practice4 ,we n[ reap ! b5efits ( public debates ( =m] times1 & we h witness$ ! b5eficial results ( ^? 9 our own "t4 ,& we are fully p]suad$ t a week's debat+ is wor? a ye>'s prea*+1 su* z we g5]ally h1 = ! purpose ( dissem9at+ tru? & putt+ error out ( c\nt5ance4 ,!re is no?+ l meet+ face to face 9 ! pres5ce ( _m witnesses & talk+ ! matt] ov]2 & ! man t c n gov]n 8 _s 9 ! mid/ ( opposition & contradiction is a poor ,*ri/ian inde$4 7,*ri/ian ,bapti/1 ,vol4 #a1 page #ahi47 ,,visits ,,! ,,k5tucky ,,bapti/s ,! debate 0 att5d$ by great cr[ds ( p f f> & ne>4 ,mr4 ,campbell's reputation z "o ( ! fir/ pulpit orators ( ! day 0 fully e/abli%$2 & :]ev] he c\ld be induc$ to speak he 0 met by ?rongs ( he>]s4 ,8 mo/ important reception on ?is trip 0 at ,lex+ton1 :]e he spoke 9 ! ,bapti/ meet+h\se1 ( :i* ,dr4 ,fi%back 0 m9i/]4 ,at ! h\r = ! meet+ ! h\se 0 cr[d$ to its utmo/ capacity4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,campbell rose he 0 n able to /& erect dur+ ! deliv]y ( 8 disc\rse4 ,?is 0 bas$ on ! fir/ *apt] ( ,hebrews1 & l$ him to dwell ^u ! div9e glory ( ! ,son ( ,god--a !me on :i* he 0 almo/ surpass+ly eloqu5t4 ,x la/$ two h\rs1 dur+ :i* ! audi5ce sat 9 rapt att5tion4 ,he made a v pr(\nd impression on ! entire audi5ce4 ,!y recogniz$ 9 him ! mightie/ intellect t _h ev] visit$ _! city4 ,! fre%ness ( 8 ?\ghts1 ! ext5t & accuracy ( 8 ,biblical k & 8 gr& g5]alizations ( ! wond]ful fact ( r$emption op5$ up tra9s ( reflection :olly new1 & pres5t$ ! subject ( ,*ri/ianity 9 a =m s simple & yet s compreh5sive z to fill e "o ) admiration2 s t f ?is "t =w>d ,mr4 ,campbell 0 e/eem$ by ! p ( ,k5tucky z great among ! greate/ ( h] public m51 & )\t a rival 9 ! dep>tm5t to :i* he _h devot$ 8 p[]s4 ,imm$iately aft] ! close ( ! debate ) ,mr4 ,mc,calla1 ,mr4 ,campbell made prep>ations = its publication4 ,?is 0 done f 8 own notes & ^? tak5 by ,sydney ,rigdon dur+ ! debate1 & not)/&+ ,mr4 ,mc,calla's ef=t to discr$it x be=e its appe>ance1 its g5]al accuracy 0 atte/$ by ^? :o he>d ! discussion4 ,its publication & circulation prov$ ! sev]e/ bl[ t p$obaptism ev] receiv$4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahbd ,mr4 ,campbell made 8 promis$ visit to ,k5tucky1 visit+ a l>ge portion ( ! ,/ate1 address+ ev]y:]e l>ge audi5ces1 & ext5d+ 8 acqua9tance & influ5ce ) ! ,bapti/s4 ,?is m intimate acqua9tance l$ him to e/eem !m v highly1 & to reg>d !m z mu* ne>] ! apo/olic model ?an any o!r ( ! d5om9ations ) :i* he _h =m$ acqua9tance1 & he felt t x w\ld n be difficult to elim9ate f ! ,bapti/ *ur*es su* errone\s !ories & usages z _h ga9$ curr5cy among !m4 ,) ^! convictions 9 m9d1 he n[ visit$ ! ,bapti/s 9 ,k5tucky1 to imp>t to !m1 z well z to ! community at l>ge1 ^? cle>] views ( ! ,gospel to :i* he _h be5 l$ by dilig5t & pray]ful /udy ( ! ,bible4 ,^! he _h1 to "s ext5t1 already pres5t$ ?r\gh ! pages ( ,! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/1 :i*1 s9ce ! debate1 _h be5 read ?r\gh\t ,k5tucky ) int]e/ & _h produc$ int5se excitem5t among ! *ur*es4 ,"s individuals 7 favorably impress$ ) ! plea = re=m2 o!rs rema9$ 9 p]plexity & d\bt1 :ile n a few 7 dispos$ to cl+ t5aci\sly to _! *]i%$ op9ions4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,john ,,smi? ,among ! ,bapti/ prea*]s :om ,mr4 ,campbell met on ?is visit 0 ,john ,smi?1 :o1 on acc\nt ( ! prom95t "p he aft]w>ds _h 9 pres5t+ apo/olic ,*ri/ianity to ! p1 des]ves m ?an a pass+ notice4 ,he 0 born ,octob] #ae1 #aghd1 9 a log cab9 9 ,ea/ ,t5nessee1 :i!r 8 p>5ts _h mov$ a %ort "t be=e 8 bir? on acc\nt ( religi\s p]secution4 ,8 fa!r & "m _h esp\s$ ! ,bapti/ fai?4 ,b z ,virg9ia1 at t "t1 _h an e/abli%$ =m ( religion1 ! ,episcopal1 ,bapti/s 7 a despis$1 hunt$1 p]secut$ p4 ,!y 7 describ$ by _! p]secutors z s*ismatical p]sons1 s av]se to ! e/abli%$ religion1 & s fill$ ) new-fangl$ conceits ( _! h]etical inv5tions1 z to refuse to h _! *ildr5 baptiz$4 ,to escape f ?is gall+ oppression & to secure religi\s privileges :i* 7 s de> to him1 ,george ,smi? took 8 little flock into ! wild]ness1 seek+ m]cy at ! h&s ( ! savage tribes ( ! =e/1 :i* 0 n accord$ him by ! savage _s ( religi\s intol]ance4 ,9 8 new home he 0 at lea/ free to "w out ! great problem ( 8 own de/9y 9 h>mony ) ! dictates ( consci5ce & ! lead+s ( ,provid5ce4 ,he 0 humble-m9d$ & e>ne/ly pi\s4 ,he held firmly e dogma ( ! ,philadelphia ,confession ( ,fai? z x 0 exp\nd$ 9 8 day4 ,he consci5ti\sly s\ght1 too1 to impress 8 own sev]e fai? on ! m9ds ( 8 *ildr54 ,to labor = _! daily bread & to wait1 ) humbl5ess ( he>t1 = ! ,holy ,gho/1 7 ! two great comm&m5ts on :i* hung all 8 precepts & admonitions4 ,he exhort$ !m to seek aft] ,god1 if1 haply1 !y might f9d him2 yet to e/eem !mselves dead & to abide ! good "t :51 unless pr$e/9at$ to et]nal wra?1 ! my/]i\s ,_s w\ld give !m life & op5 _! eyes to ! beauties ( ! ,savi\r4 ,:5 ,john 0 9 8 twelf? ye> ! migratory _s aga9 seiz$ ,george ,smi?1 :o det]m9$ to plunge into ! wild]ness once m1 ) a view ( secur+ *eap l&s & provid+ = ! future ( 8 gr[+ family4 ,hav+ sold 8 ,t5nessee f>m1 he set out1 9 ! autumn ( #agie1 accompani$ by ,john & an old] bro!r1 on ! trail t l$ across ! ,cumb]l& ,m\nta9s 9 ! unsettl$ t]ritory ( ,k5tucky1 9 se>* ( a goodly spot :]e he might build a cab91 plant a pat* ( corn1 & prep>e z well z he c\ld = ! family t 0 to jo9 him 9 ! com+ summ]4 ,9 ! new home ! life ( ! boy cont9u$ its developm5ts along su* l9es z its rude surr\nd+s /imulat$4 ,( "w !re 0 pl5ty1 & f 8 daily tasks he nev] %rank4 ,( opportunity = intellectual developm5t !re 0 none1 & ! ?ir/ ( ! ambiti\s y\? 0 unqu5*$4 ,at ?is p]iod ,john ,smi?'s spiritual nature gave promise ( be+ z untam$ z ! =e/ t surr\nd$ 8 home4 ,unhall[$ sports crept into ! backwoods4 ,sunday horse races & c>d-play+ became ! pa/ime ( ! "y m54 ,= ! latt] ,john _h a fondness1 & w\ld creep away on ,sundays to sp5d ! day ) idle companions 9 8 favorite game2 b ! grief & pati5ce ( ! fa!r at la/ t\*$ 8 he>t1 & he ?rew away 8 c>ds1 say+1 ,x is wrong to di/ress s good a fa!r z ours2 x is a s9 & a %ame6 ,,s\l ,,/ruggles ,?is prov$ to be ! turn+ po9t 9 ! "y man's c>e]1 & ) x came ! "q ( religion dem&+ 8 consid]ation4 ,inde$ ! subject _h be5 kept be=e him 9 "s =m f 8 e>lie/ recollection4 ,b ! doctr9e taught at t "t 0 n v attractive to "y he>ts4 ,calv9ism 9 its sev]e/ type 0 preval5t4 ,x taught a hell ( ! mo/ appall+ type1 into :i* ev5 little *ildr5 might be ca/2 an unalt]able de/9y = e "o1 reg>dless ( 8 conduct or 8 cre$1 z ,god might h *os5 him = heav5 or doom$ him to hell be=e he 0 born2 a dread unc]ta9ty t re/$ on 8 fate2 8 utt] inability to und]/& ! ,scriptures1 to believe or rep5t1 to love ,god or to obey him1 until endu$ ) p[] f on high2 ! necessity ( "s sup]natural sign or s5sation1 "s miracul\s voice or vision1 z an evid5ce ( p>don & acceptance ) ,god4 ,x 0 natural t ,john %\ld imbibe ! _s ( 8 fa!r's cre$ & = him to expect1 %\ld he be among ! elect1 t "s visible or audible manife/ation ( div9e approval %\ld be giv5 him4 ,! great revival :i* swept ! c\ntry 9 ! beg9n+ ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 at its height z he began s]i\sly to ?9k ^u ! subject ( religion4 ,x 0 ! !me he he>d discuss$ on e h&1 & he det]m9$ to inve/igate x z f> z 8 limit$ res\rces w\ld p]mit4 ,fail+ to f9d ! way to assur$ salvation1 he at la/ appeal$ to a ,bapti/ prea*]1 ,isaac ,d5ton1 a fri5d ( ! family1 = light ^u ! subject :i* 0 beg9n+ to agitate 8 m9d4 ,accord+ to ! prevail+ notion1 conv]sion 0 a *ange ( a my/]i\s nature wr\ght out 9 ! s\l by sup]natural ag5cy4 ,?is *ange "y ,smi? n[ mo/ s9c]ely desir$ to exp]i5ce4 ,) ?is 9 m9d ! foll[+ conv]sation took place3 ,smi?--,:at mu/ ,i d 9 ord] to h ?is *ange ( :i* y speak8 ,d5ton--,no?+1 ,john2 ,god's grace is sov]eign & unconditional4 ,if y are 8 %eep y w be call$1 & y w he> 8 voice & foll[ him4 ,smi?--,b :51 ,mr4 ,d5ton1 w ! ,"l call8 ,d5ton--,9 8 own good "t1 ,john4 ,he has work$ out y\r :ole life1 & det]m9$ y\r de/9y accord+ to 8 own wise1 b hidd5 & et]nal1 purpose4 ,smi?--,h[ !n may ,i "k :e!r ,i am "o ( 8 %eep or n8 ,b5ton--,y w "k x by y\r *ange :5 x comes2 till !n y c only wait on ! ,"l & hope4 ,smi?--,if ,i am left to p]i% ,i "k x w be on acc\nt ( my s9s2 b if ,i %\ld be sav$1 w x n be on acc\nt ( my goodness8 ,d5ton--,! ,"l sees no goodness 9 y1 ,john4 ,if y are ev] br\ght to life1 x w be solely because x 0 8 good pleasure to *oose y be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 & t1 too1 )\t any ref]5ce to y\r "* or works =ese5 by him4 ,true1 if y %\ld be lo/1 if y p]i%1 x w be on acc\nt ( y\r s9s1 & to ! praise ( 8 glori\s ju/ice4 ,smi?--,my de/9y1 y say1 is fix$ & ,i c n *ange x4 ,i ne$ n1 !n1 give myself any conc]n2 ,i h no?+ to d4 ,d5ton--,ah1 great is ! my/]y ( godl9ess4 ,!re is some?+ = y to d4 ,smi?--,:at is x1 ,mr4 ,d5ton8 ,d5ton--,y mu/ pray1 pray1 pray 9 ! du/ & a%es to ! ,"l4 ,smi?--,pray = :at1 sir8 ,d5ton--,t ! bl9d+ scales may fall f y\r eyes1 & t y may see & feel :at y really are 9 ! sight ( ,god2 = y are yet 9 ! gall ( bitt]ness & ! bonds ( iniquity4 ,x is n /range t a "y man ) ke5 intellect ( ,john ,smi? %\ld h turn$ f su* in/ruction1 say+1 ,s9ce my de/9y is fix$ & ,i c n *ange x1 ,i ne$ n1 !n1 give myself any conc]n4 ,i h no?+ to d4 ,b 8 he>t 0 n to be /ifl$ by ! =bidd+ !ology4 ,:ile /\tly = a season he ma9ta9$ 8 unbelief1 8 position 0 n satisfactory to himself1 & he resolv$ at la/ to exam9e ! subject 9 ! light ( ! ,scriptures4 ,?\gh fail+ to f9d pro( ( ! doctr9es taught1 he became conv9c$ ( 8 duty to be a ,*ri/ian1 &1 kn[+ no way to approa* to ,*ri/1 he began e>ne/ly & p]si/5tly to seek religion aft] ! mann] ( ! times4 ,! illness & dea? ( 8 v5]able fa!r 9 ! spr+ ( #ahjd1 deep5$ 8 int]e/ 9 p]sonal salvation1 & f t "t ?r\gh _m we>y mon?s he s\ght = assurance ( sav+ grace4 ,9 8 fruitless se>* 8 agony 0 indescribable4 ,he _h be5 taught t an indisp5sable /ep to salvation 0 to feel himself ! greate/ ( s9n]s4 ,?is he desir$ to d1 & !n despair$ ( salvation1 simply because he c\ld n feel t he 0 too wick$ to be sav$4 ,a gloomy cl\d ov]%ad[$ 8 sunny temp]4 ,8 nights 7 sleepless & 8 days fill$ ) torm5t4 ,9 va9 he pro/rat$ himself alone 9 ! =e/ & pray$ = ! bless$ assurance ( 8 p>don4 ,f9ally1 aft] a night sp5t 9 agoniz+ pray]1 8 he>t seem$ to ?r[ (f its burd51 & he 0 happy4 ,return+ home & relat+ 8 exp]i5ce to 8 bro!r ,william1 ! latt] repli$ ) joy1 ,y are conv]t$1 ,john1 at la/4 ,he w5t to a meet+1 expect+ to (f] himself = memb]%ip1 b ! weird exp]i5ce ( o!rs s5t him away 9 sorr[ & disgu/4 ,8 m9d 0 aga9 becl\d$ by d\bts & despair1 & he pray$ ! ,"l to keep 8 poor he>t f error & to lead him by ! "r way into ! ev]la/+ k+dom4 ,religi\s fri5ds :o _h wat*$ ) solicitude ! long & pa9ful /ruggle ( ! "y man believ$ t a "w ( grace _h already be5 wr\ght 9 8 he>t1 & urg$ him to relate ! facts be=e ! congregation4 ,?is he did on ,decemb] #bf1 #ahjd1 giv+ a pla9 /atem5t ( 8 religi\s /ruggles1 & ?\gh 8 exp]i5ce 0 lack+ 9 ! m>vel\s elem5t :i* *>act]iz$ ! conv]sion ( t "t1 ! congregation unanim\sly vot$ him ! subject ( a "w ( grace4 ,! next day he 0 baptiz$1 & at once ent]$ into ! active s]vice ( ! ,ma/] to f9d 9 do+ ! peace he _h fail$ to receive 9 seek+4 ,,desires ,,to ,,prea* ,no soon] _h ,john ,smi? be5 receiv$ into ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* ?an he became exce$+ly anxi\s to prea* ! unse>*able ri*es ( ,*ri/4 ,b two ob/acles rose be=e him :i* seem$ an insurm\ntable b>ri] to ! realization ( 8 desires4 ,"o 0 8 ignorance4 ,9 8 brief t]m ( s*ool+ he _h b>ely le>n$ to read & 8 surr\nd+s & occupation _h left him )\t fur!r means ( self-improvem5t1 z he look$ ) ye>n+ he>t t[>d ! m9i/ry1 he wept at ! ?\ght t he 0 n[ a man )\t an education4 ,no less 0 ! h9drance :i* ! popul> s5tim5t ( ! day ?rew across 8 pa?way4 ,x 0 reg>d$ z an almo/ unp>donable act ( presumption to /& be=e ! p z an exp\nd] ( ! ,scriptures )\t a sup]natural call1 & yet he 0 )\t evid5ce ( su* a call to prea* ! gospel4 ,no voice spoke to 8 li/5+ e>4 ,no answ] came to 8 e>ne/ pray]4 ,no sign met 8 expectant vision4 ,9 ! face ( ^! ob/acles ! way seem$ completely block$1 s no?+ rema9$ = him to d b to cont9ue 9 8 labors on ! f>m4 ,at la/ circum/ances op5$ up be=e him = l>g] usefulness = ,god4 ,8 widely scatt]$ neighbors 7 pi\s p1 &1 9 ! abs5ce ( *ur*es & m9i/]s1 (t5 ga!r$ at night aft] a day ( toil1 9 ea* o!r's cab9s1 to s+ & pray1 & talk ab\t _! religi\s int]e/s4 ,at ^! meet+s he 0 pres5t1 :5 circum/ances w\ld p]mit1 & 8 native ability1 gave him pre-em95ce among !m4 ,z !y met f h\se to h\se !y (t5 con/ra9$ him to lead 9 pray]4 ,9 ^! religi\s meet+s 8 confid5ce increas$1 8 he>t w>m$1 & he greatly desir$ to ent] into m active s]vice4 ,b /ill he wait$ = "s audible call :i* %\ld assure him ( ! ,"l's w4 ,8 bre?r5 urg$ t :5 ,god gave man a tal5t1 he gives ! "r to use x4 ,he 0 f9ally p]suad$ to lay aside 8 scruples1 & at ! pray] meet+ he cons5t$ to make a %ort talk4 ,! appo9tm5t 0 made1 ! p came toge!r1 fill+ ! h\se to its utmo/ capacity1 ! light f ! fire fell full ^u 8 face z he arose & /ood ne> ! table1 b z he look$ into ! faces ( 8 neighbors1 he 0 seiz$ ) /age fright1 & =got ev]y?+ he _h hop$ to say4 ,he fl$ f ! h\se & s\ght ! d>kness outside1 b 9 8 hurri$ flight he /umbl$ & fell to ! gr\nd4 ,z he arose 8 m9d cle>$1 & he return$ & deliv]$ a ?rill+ address1 & f t "t he cont9u$ 9 8 humble way to lead ^? :o 7 z %eep )\t a %eph]d4 ,he wait$ anxi\sly = ! call1 b x came n4 ,b ! call f 8 bre?r5 0 s /rong t he cont9u$ to ex]cise ! gift ( exhortation1 ) increas+ desire to devote 8 life to ! "w ( proclaim+ ! ,gospel to 8 fell[m54 ,9 def]5ce to ! judgm5t ( 8 bre?r51 :o urg$ him to lay aside all scruples & become _! prea*]1 he at la/ cons5t$ to be orda9$1 & ent]$ at once ^u ! duties ( 8 new call+1 :ile cont9u+ to provide = 8 family by 8 labors on ! f>m4 ,he 0 m>vel\sly end[$ = ! "w ( a pione] prea*]4 ,8 well-ton$ voice & e>ne/ mann]1 8 f9e common s5se & unaffect$ piety1 r5d]$ him pre-em95tly popul> z a speak]2 8 g5ial humor1 too1 ?rew its sunny influ5ce on all ar\nd him & made him ! delight ( e fireside4 ,z 8 reputation spread flatt]+ (f]s came to him f ! m favor$ portions ( ,k5tucky1 ?r\gh :i* he 0 induc$ to travel on a prea*+ t\r4 ,weal?y congregations1 pleas$ ) 8 orig9ality & g5ius1 (f]$ him :at 0 !n reg>d$ z a h&some sal>y to labor ) !m4 ,b1 consci\s ( 8 lack ( education & culture1 he decl9$ ^! (f]s1 :ile 8 s\l1 = ! "t lift$ up ) pride1 plann$ ambiti\sly = ! future4 ,,t]rible ,,calamity ,j "h occurr$ ! sadde/ episode ( 8 life4 ,! ,s\? 0 be+ op5$ up1 & _m 7 drawn ?i!r by :at seem$ to be a mo/ promis+ picture4 ,he sold 8 f>m & /ock = #a1ejj1 ) :i* he hop$ to ent] t5 ?\s& acres ( l&1 :i*1 ) ! advance 9 price1 he 0 sure w\ld make him a weal?y man4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahad1 he locat$ 8 family 9 a log hut1 9 :at is n[ ,madison ,c\nty1 ,alabama1 & w5t out to select 8 l&4 ,dur+ 8 abs5ce1 9 "o awful night1 8 hopes & happ9ess 7 da%$ to pieces4 ,! h\se :i* conta9$ 8 possessions & wife & *ildr51 0 burn$ to ! gr\nd1 & two ( 8 *ildr5 & all 8 money 7 consum$ 9 ! flames ( t awful night4 ,8 poor wife escap$1 only to die ( a brok5 he>t & be buri$ ) ! a%es ( h] *ildr54 ,! husb&1 ?\gh a /rong man1 0 s %ock$ t he 0 at la/ /rick5 ) fev]1 & = weeks l+]$ ne> ! grave4 ,b he f9ally recov]$1 & ) a sad he>t1 he retrac$ 8 /eps1 empty-h&$ & alone1 to ! old home 9 ,k5tucky4 ,,prea*es ,,at ,,crab ,,or*>d ,imm$iately aft] 8 return to ,k5tucky he began prea*+ aga92 b he 0 f t "t h>ass$ by doctr9al difficulties :i* gave him no re/ until he turn$ f 8 cre$ to ! ,bible 9 its primitive simplicity4 ,8 appe>ance1 z he jo9$ 8 bre?r5 9 ! meet+ ( ! ,bapti/ ,association1 %ortly aft] 8 return1 is ?us describ$ by 8 biograph]3 ,he rea*$ ,crab ,or*>d on ,saturday1 ) ! du/ ( ! j\rney ?ick ^u him4 ,he wore a pair ( homespun cotton pantaloons1 /rip$ ) cop]as--loose en\gh1 b f> too %ort = him--& a cotton coat1 once *eck$ ) blue & :ite1 b n[ ( undi/+ui%able colors2 ^! _h be5 giv5 him 9 ,alabama4 ,8 %apeless hat 0 /reak$ ) sweat & du/4 ,8 socks1 too l>ge = 8 %runk5 ankles1 hung d[n ^u 8 worn %oes4 ,8 %irt 0 co>se & dirty & unbutton$ at ! neck2 8 :ite cravat 0 9 ! c(f9 ) 8 wife4 7,life ( ,john ,smi?1 page #if47 ,b if ! ext]ior ( ?is vessel 0 r\gh1 )9 x 0 g>ni%$ & adorn$ ) all ! graces ( tru?4 ,he 0 press$ ^u to speak on ! occasion4 ,he lift$ 8 head & sat erect1 he arose1 &1 ) firm /ep1 walk$ to ! /& & /ood up be=e ! p4 ,z he look$ ar\nd ^u !m 8 eyes k9dl$ & 8 _s 0 /irr$ )9 him4 ,! multitude />$ curi\sly = a mom5t at ! unc\? figure be=e !m4 ,"s laugh$ outright1 :ile o!rs 7 )drawn f ! assembly4 ,8 fir/ "w 0 to /op !m4 ,rais+ 8 voice s t all c\ld he>1 he said3 ,/ay1 fri5ds1 & he> :at ! ,great ,augu/9e said4 ,augu/9e wi%$ to see ?ree ?+s be=e he di$3 ,rome 9 h] glory1 ,paul on ,m>s' ,hill1 & ,jesus 9 ! fle%4 ,a few sat d[n1 b _m mov$ on4 ,9 l\d] tones he cri$3 ,w y n /ay & see :at ! great ,cato said4 ,cato rep5t$ ( ?ree ?+s be=e 8 dea?3 ,fir/ t he _h ev] sp5t an idle day2 second1 t he _h ev] gone on a voyage by wat] :5 he might h made ! same j\rney by l&2 &1 ?ird1 t he _h ev] told ! secrets ( 8 bosom to a woman4 ,_m m 7 seat$4 ,b he cont9u$3 ,come1 fri5ds1 & he> :at ! great ,?ales ?ank$ ! gods =4 ,he ?ank$ ! gods = ?ree ?+s3 ,fir/1 t he 0 end[$ ) reason1 & 0 n a brute2 second1 t he z a ,greek1 & n a b>b>ian2 & ?ird1 t he 0 a man1 & n a woman4 ,by ?is "t all 7 seat$ & ! s]mon began4 ,8 !me 0 r$emption4 ,8 analysis 0 ?reefold3 7#a7 ,r$emption z conceiv$2 7#b7 ,r$emption z appli$2 7#c7 ,r$emption z complet$4 ,he seem$ inspir$ = ! occasion4 ,8 voice l a trumpet rea*$ & ?rill$ ! mo/ di/ant he>]1 & 8 ?\ght swept ! audi5ce l ! /orm sweeps ! sea4 ,! p cr[d$ clos] to he> him1 & "s :o c\ld f9d nei!r sitt+ nor /&+ room1 climb$ ! trees1 s t ev5 ! =e/ sway$ to & fro z if "u ! magic spell 9 ! ?ird division1 & portray$ ! f9al glory ( ! r$eem$1 e he>t 0 fill$ ) emotion1 e eye z weep+1 e face 0 radiant ) hope1 & at ! close "o l\d ,am5 asc5d$ to ! heav5s4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t he aga9 m>ri$1 *oos+ z a companion a s5sible & consecrat$ woman :o liv$ 9 ! neighborhood :]e he m9i/]$1 & :o *e]fully jo9$ him 9 all 8 plans = ! bett]m5t ( human society4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,bapti/ ,?\gh prea*+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,philadelphia ,confession ( ,fai?1 he n[ f\nd himself ill at ease4 ,! /range inconsi/5cy ( 8 position emb>rass$ him4 ,:y urge s9n]s to rep5t if !y 7 already safe1 & if among ! non-elect !y c\ld n rep5t4 ,z ! situation fla%$ ^u him 9 ! mid/ ( an impassion$ exhortation1 he imm$iately clos$ 8 rem>ks & sat d[n1 say+3 ,bre?r51 some?+ is wrong2 ,i am 9 ! d>k--we are all 9 ! d>k2 b h[ to lead y to ! light1 or to f9d ! way myself1 be=e ,god ,i "k n4 ,retir+ on 8 knees he pray$ t he w\ld take ,god's ,^w z 8 only guide1 exam9e x c>efully1 & foll[ its tea*+s :]ev] !y might lead him4 ,9 ! keep+ ( ?is pl$ge he began anew to /udy ! ,bible4 ,:5 8 day's "w 9 ! field 0 done1 he w\ld sit by 8 c&le ) 8 ,bible ^u 8 knees1 & (t5 sp5d ! :ole night 9 solemn m$itation 9 8 se>* = light4 ,x 0 :ile 9 ?is /ate ( m9d t ! prospectus ( ,! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/ fell into 8 h&s1 & he read x ) pr(\nd int]e/4 ,he ord]$ ! pap] s5t to him & induc$ o!rs to subscribe = x4 ,he hop$ t ,mr4 ,campbell's discussion ( scriptural !mes w\ld greatly assi/ him 9 solv+ 8 own doctr9al difficulties4 ,! fir/ numb]s 7 read ) great int]e/1 & ?r\gh !m light began to break along 8 d>k5$ pa?way4 ,he read ea* succe$+ numb] ) great c>e to asc]ta9 to :i* ( ! cont5d+ p>ties ,mr4 ,campbell belong$1 & soon f\nd himself 9 a realm ( tru? entirely beyond ! range ( ! popul> sy/ems4 ,among o!r ?+s t specially appeal$ to him 0 ! foll[+ f ! tr5*ant p5 ( ,mr4 ,campbell3 ,we h no sy/em ( our own1 nor ( o!rs1 to sub/itute 9 lieu ( ! reign+ sy/ems4 ,we only aim at sub/itut+ ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 lieu ( e cre$ 9 exi/5ce2 :e!r ,mohametan1 ,pagan1 ,jewi% or ,presbyt]ian4 ,we wi% to call ,*ri/ians to consid] t ,jesus ,*ri/ has made !m k+s & prie/s to ,god4 ,we nei!r advocate ,calv9ism1 ,arm9ianism1 ,arianism1 ,soc9ianism1 ,tr9it>ianism1 ,unit>ianism1 ,deism1 or ,sect>ianism1 b ,new ,te/am5tism4 ,we wi%1 we cordially wi%1 to take ! ,new ,te/am5t out ( ! abuses ( ! cl]gy1 & put x into ! h&s ( ! p4 7,*ri/ian ,bapti/1 ,vol4 #a1 page #ij47 ,,fett]s ,,ca/ ,,(f ,s ?or\gh did ^! views accord ) 8 t he det]m9$ at ! fir/ opportunity to meet ,mr4 ,campbell & le>n f him by p]sonal int]view m ( ! new ord] t he 0 advocat+4 ,dur+ 8 visit to ,k5tucky 9 #ahbd1 to :i* ,i h already ref]r$1 ! opportunity pres5t$ itself4 ,mr4 ,campbell 0 to speak at ,flem+sburg1 & ,smi? rode tw5ty miles on horseback t he might see & he> him4 ,he rea*$ ! t[n on ! day t ,mr4 ,campbell 0 to prea*4 ,%ortly aft] 8 arrival he met ,william ,vaughn1 a ,bapti/ prea*]1 ) :om he 0 well acqua9t$1 :5 ! foll[+ conv]sation took place3 ,vaughn--,bro!r ,john1 h y met ,bro4 ,campbell yet8 ,smi?--,no1 sir1 ,i h n4 ,h y se5 him8 ,vaughn--,:y1 ,i h be5 ) him = eight days & nights1 ?r\gh ,mason & ,brack5 c\nties1 & h he>d him e day4 ,smi?--,d1 !n1 tell me :at 8 views are on doctr9al po9ts4 ,is he a ,calv9i/ or an ,arm9ian1 or ,arian1 or a ,tr9it>ian8 ,vaughn--,i d n "k4 ,he has no?+ to d ) any ( ^! ?+s4 ,smi?--,well1 ,i c tell :5 ,i he> him j :at he is4 ,vaughn--,h[8 ,smi?--,if a man ( s5se & takes a position1 ev5 ?\gh he %\ld n run x out into any ism1 ,i c d x = him1 & tell exactly :]e he w\ld l&4 ,b tell me1 ,bro4 ,vaughn1 does he "k any?+ ab\t he>tfelt religion8 ,vaughn--,"l bless y1 he is "o ( ! mo/ pi\s1 godly m5 t ,i 0 ev] 9 company ) 9 all my life4 ,smi?--,b d y ?9k he kn[s any?+ ab\t a ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce8 ,vaughn--,bless y1 he kn[s ev]y?+4 ,come1 ,i want to introduce y to him4 ,( ?is meet+ ) ,mr4 ,campbell he aft]w>d said3 ,i !n felt z if ,i want$ to sit d[n & look at him = "o h\r1 )\t he>+ a ^w f any "o4 ,i want$ to scan him :o _h be5 s mu* talk$ (1 & :o _h 9 ,! ,*ri/ian ,bapti/ & 9 8 debates introduc$ s _m new ?\ghts4 ,b ! h\r appo9t$ = ! address _h come1 & !y walk$ into ! h\se toge!r4 ,smi? 0 det]m9$ n[ to asc]ta9 ! !ory ( religion to :i* he held1 if1 inde$1 he held to any2 = he 0 /ill full ( d\bt & suspicion4 ,mr4 ,campbell read ! f\r? *apt] ( ,galatians4 ,aft] giv+ a g5]al outl9e ( ! :ole epi/le1 he took up ! allegory ( ,s>ah & ,hag>1 & 9 a simple1 pla9 & artless mann]1 lean+ ) "o h& on 8 cane1 he deliv]$ 8 disc\rse4 ,he seem$1 z ,smi? aft]w>d rem>k$1 to move 9 a high] sph]e or latitude ?an t 9 :i* ! isms ( ! day ab\nd$4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! s]vices ,smi? rem>k$ to ,mr4 ,vaughn1 ,is x n h>d1 ,bro4 ,vaughn1 to ride tw5ty miles1 z ,i h done1 j to he> a man prea* ?irty m9utes8 ,y are mi/ak51 said ,mr4 ,vaughn2 look at y\r wat*1 = x c]ta9ly has be5 long] ?an t4 ,he look$ at 8 wat*1 &1 to 8 surprise1 saw t ! disc\rse _h be5 two h\rs & a half long4 ,on discov]+ ?is he said1 ,i h nev] be5 m deceiv$4 ,two h\rs ( my life are gone1 ,i "k n h[1 ?\gh wide awake1 too1 all ! "t6 ,on be+ que/ion$ z to :e!r he _h asc]ta9$ :e!r he 0 a ,calv9i/ or an ,arm9ian1 he repli$3 ,no1 ,i "k no?+ ab\t ! man2 b be he sa9t or devil1 he has ?r[n m light on t epi/le1 & on ! :ole ,scripture1 ?an ,i h receiv$ 9 all ! s]mons t ,i h ev] he>d be=e4 ,,resolves ,,to ,,prea* ,,! ,,simple ,,gospel ,= sev]al days he accompani$ ,mr4 ,campbell f place to place1 an enraptur$ li/5] to e disc\rse1 & e>ne/ly engag$ him 9 conv]sation z !y travel$ along ! way or sat "u "s hospitable ro(4 ,at la/ 8 m9d ca/ (f its fett]s4 ,! way hi!rto s cl\d$ became pla91 & he left ! company ( ,mr4 ,campbell1 resolv$ h5ce=? to devote 8 life to prea*+ ! simple ,gospel z exhibit$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! /ep 01 z he _h anticipat$1 att5d$ ) great sacrifices4 ,old fri5ds =sook him4 ,he _h always /ood high among 8 prea*+ bre?r51 b n[ he 0 reg>d$ ) undisguis$ suspicion4 ,soon ! /orm ga!r$ furi\sly ab\t him4 ,at ! annual meet+ ( ! association 9 :i* he held 8 memb]%ip *>ges 7 pref]r$ aga9/ him1 among ! mo/ s]i\s ( :i* 0 t1 in/ead ( ! ,k+ ,james translation ( ! ,scriptures1 he _h on two or ?ree occasions 9 public1 & (t5 9 8 family1 read f ,alex&] ,campbell's translation4 ,)\t be+ giv5 an opportunity to def5d himself1 he 0 plac$ "u c5sure1 & giv5 a ye> 9 :i* to correct 8 views & *ange 8 ways4 ,return+ to 8 home1 ! way = a "t seem$ to close be=e him4 ,! little f>m 0 cov]$ ) a heavy mortgage4 ,! *ur*es t _h obligat$ !mselves to pay 8 debt 9 comp5sation ( 8 s]vices1 n[ refus$ to make fur!r paym5t4 ,no?+ app>5tly rema9$ b = him to cultivate 8 f>m ) 8 own h&s1 & = a "t to ab&on ! "w ( ! m9i/ry4 ,tak+ 8 ax he w5t into ! =e/ ) ! h]oic purpose1 fir/ to free himself f debt1 & !n to return to ! def5se ( ! fai? :i* he n[ felt to be ! tea*+ ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,b "o day z he 0 b5d+ to 8 labors he ?\ght ( ! cause t he lov$1 & rememb]$ t !re 0 no "o 9 all ! l& to advocate x b himself4 ,he also ?\ght ( ! con/ruction t w\ld be put on 8 sil5ce by 8 enemies4 ,he dropp$ ! ax1 w5t to ! h\se1 & ?rew d[n 8 co>se apron at ! feet ( 8 wife1 exclaim+3 ,nancy1 ,i %all "w no m6 ,get :om y please to c>ry on ! f>m1 b d n call on me6 ,9 all ! l& !re is n "o s\l to op5 8 m\? 9 def5se ( ! be/ cause "u ! sun6 ,i am det]m9$1 f ?is "t =?1 to prea* ! ,gospel1 & leave ! consequ5ces to ,god4 ,) ! c\rage ( 8 convictions1 he imm$iately began to prea* ! tru? z he n[ felt x & saw x4 ,no p]sonal consid]ation 0 all[$ to int]f]e ) ! c\rse he _h m>k$ out = himself4 ,8 h]oic wife readily caught 8 _s & z *e]fully accept$ ! responsibilities ( h] new position--agree+ to take ! ov]sight ( ! f>m1 c>e = ! family1 & to relieve him ( e temporal c>e1 :ile he %\ld give himself :olly to ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w4 ,b f a c\rse s radical & p]il\s 8 fri5ds e>ne/ly s\ght to dissuade him4 ,!y argu$3 ,y\r m influ5tial bre?r5 w ab&on y2 y w get no?+ = y\r prea*+2 y\r debts w press y to ! e>?1 & y\r f>m & h\se ev5tually giv5 up4 ,consci5ce1 said he1 is an article t ,i h nev] yet br\ght into ! m>ket2 b %\ld ,i (f] x = sale1 ,montgom]y ,c\nty1 ) all its l&s & h\ses1 w\ld n be en\gh to buy x1 mu* less t f>m ( "o hundr$ acres4 ,z he n[ w5t f h\se to h\se1 & neighborhood1 to plant ! cause ( ,*ri/1 8 zeal knew no b\nds4 ,8 he>t 0 all agl[ ) 8 new-born k ( ! tru?1 & ) tireless ef=t he s\ght to w9 m5 to respect & obey ! simple claims ( ! ,gospel4 ,s int5se 0 8 desire t he sc>cely all[$ himself "t to eat & sleep4 ,aft] a busy day he w\ld (t5 sp5d a great] "p ( ! night answ]+ que/ions or meet+ objections :i* 8 public disc\rses _h ar\s$1 or 9 help+ "s half-p]suad$ inquir] to a full acceptance ( ! ,gospel2 (t5 go+ ! same h\r ( ! night to "s ne>-by /ream to adm9i/] baptism1 :5 a surr5d] _h be5 made4 ,or1 if at home1 ! burd5 t 0 ^u 8 he>t1 & 8 ?ir/ = ! k ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 w\ld (t5 int]f]e ) 8 sleep1 & he w\ld arise & light 8 c&le at midnight to exam9e "s ^w or text n yet und]/ood1 & :i*1 p]haps1 _h confus$ him 9 8 dreams4 ,! prea*+ ( ,john ,smi?1 s diff]5t f t ( ! times1 s f> remov$ f ! conv5tional =ms1 & s new & /range 9 doctr9e1 at once awak5$ new int]e/ 9 langui%+ *ur*es4 ,calls n[ came to him f s _m qu>t]s t he seldom _h an opportunity to enjoy ! fell[%ip ( 8 family1 to :i* he 0 w>mly atta*$4 ,he endeavor$1 if possible1 to visit 8 home once a week2 b ?is purpose he 0 n always able to accompli%4 ,he w\ld t>ry at "s di/ant place1 prea*+ & baptiz+ till ! week 0 ne>ly gone1 & !n1 dismiss+ ! p at a late h\r1 ride hurri$ly ?r\gh ! d>kness1 sometimes ?r\gh mud & cold & tempe/1 9 ord] to keep 8 promise ) 8 wife4 ,at o!r times1 :5 go+ f "o "p ( ! di/rict to ano!r1 he w\ld pass along by 8 own h\se1 b1 too mu* hurri$ to /op & re/1 w\ld l+] a :ile at ! gate1 &1 ga!r+ /r5g? f h] words ( *e]1 press on to 8 di/ant appo9tm5t4 ,on "o occasion1 z he ?us hurri$ f "o appo9tm5t to ano!r1 he /opp$ at home j long en\gh to *ange 8 soil$ l95 = clean4 ,z he 0 ab\t to leave 8 wife rem>k$ ) a t\* ( sadness 9 h] tone1 ,is x n "t t y 7 hav+ y\r wa%+ done some:]e else8 ,we h att5d$ to x = y a long "t4 ,no1 ,nancy1 ,i am pleas$ ) y\r way ( do+ ?+s1 & ,i d n wi% to make any *ange4 ,aft] a k9d good-bye to h] & a few playful words to ! little ones1 he pass$ on to meet ! congregation t w\ld wait = him t day 9 "s "y conv]t's h\se1 or p]haps1 9 "s hospitable grove4 ,! pati5t h]oism ( fai? f9ds few bett] illu/rations ?an 9 ! wife ( ?is tireless pione]4 ,^u ,nancy ,smi? re/$ ! burd5 ( ! family & ! f>m4 ,:5 help c\ld n be secur$1 %e w\ld g =? h]self into ! busy field to t5d ! gr[+ crop1 or to sup]9t5d ! ga!r+ ( ! h>ve/1 t h] fai?ful husb& might devote all 8 en]gies to ! cause to :i* !y 7 bo? s mu* devot$4 ,8 prea*+ br\ght no mat]ial recomp5se to relieve _! p9*+ pov]ty4 ,?\gh he labor$ incessantly = ! salvation ( 8 fell[ m51 no "o ev] ?\ght ( contribut+ to 8 support1 or if !y felt incl9$ to m9i/] to him 9 temporal ?+s 7 probably too poor4 ,dur+ ! ye>s #ahbe-ahcj1 9 :i* he laid ! f\ndation ( primitive ,*ri/ianity 9 ,k5tucky1 he nev] receiv$ a doll> = 8 s]vices1 or comp5sation ( any k9d1 save ! remittance to a fri5dly m]*ant 9 a neighbor+ t[n = a small bill ( goods4 ,! result ( su* zeal1 su* labor1 su* sacrifice1 br\ght its rew>d to ?is devot$ mess5g] ( tru? 9 a ri*] bless+ ?an any t mat]ial prosp]ity _h to (f]4 ,8 message 0 gladly receiv$4 ,multitudes ga!r$ to he> him1 & _m receiv$ ) joy ! glori\s ,gospel ( ! ,son ( ,god :i* he n[ felt himself commission$ to prea*4 ,a revival ( religi\s int]e/ began to foll[ ! track ( 8 m9i/ry1 & he _h ! satisfaction ( see+ hundr$s1 :o _h held alo( f ! religi\s sy/ems ( ! day1 n[ turn to ! ,"l4 ,s fruitful 7 8 labors t )9 a %ort p]iod ( six mon?s he 0 able to report sev5 hundr$ conv]sions & five new *ur*es organiz$4 ,b great] /ill1 he _h e/abli%$ a great cause 9 ! he>ts ( ! p4 ,al?\gh he _h r5\nc$ ! ,calv9i/ic !ory ( conv]sion1 & _h laid aside its unyield+ cre$ = ! ,new ,te/am5t1 he /ill consid]$ himself a ,bapti/1 & liv$ 9 fell[%ip ) ^? :o /ood resolutely by ! old *ur* cov5ant1 hop+ t 8 bre?r5 w\ld "o day accept ! primitive ,gospel4 ,b 8 g5ial frat]nal _s 0 f> f be+ reciprocat$ by ! ,bapti/ prea*]s ) :om he associat$4 ,once1 meet+ an old acqua9tance1 ,smi? said to him1 k9dly1 ,good morn+1 my bro!r4 ,to :i* ! o!r scornfully repli$1 ,don't call me bro!r1 sir6 ,i w\ld r claim k9%ip ) ! devil himself4 ,g1 !n1 said ,smi?1 & honor ?y fa!r4 ,b ! bitt]ness ( opposition did n always end 9 h>mless rail]y4 ,x too frequ5tly resort$ to misrepres5tations & o!r un*ri/ian means to *eck 8 gr[+ popul>ity & influ5ce4 ,*ur*es 7 clos$ aga9/ him1 compell+ him to take 8 audi5ce to "s neighbor+ h\se1 or hall1 or1 9 fair wea!r1 to a grove4 ,b1 :atev] ! disc\ragem5t or h9drance1 he cont9u$ to prea*4 ,usually he divid$ 8 disc\rses1 :i* 7 two or ?ree h\rs long1 into ?ree divisions1 accord+ to ! objects he _h 9 view2 9 ! fir/ he correct$ misrepres5tations2 9 ! second he expos$ popul> errors1 & 9 ! ?ird he pres5t$ ! simple ,gospel to ! p4 ,hav+ tak5 8 /& ^u ! ,bible1 he felt himself secure4 ,! tru? made him fe>less1 & 8 c\rage at la/ won respect = ! unpopul> position to :i* he held4 ,anci5t ,ord] ( ,?+s ,among ! ,bapti/s ,9 ,k5tucky ,! ye>s #ahbh-ahcj 7 great ye>s 9 ! m9i/ry ( ,john ,smi?4 ,9 !m 0 witness$ ! fruition ( ye>s ( self-sacrific+ labor1 & ! triumph ( ! anci5t ,gospel on ! soil ( ,k5tucky4 ,! ye> #ahbh 0 a notable "o among ! ,bapti/ associations4 ,at ! meet+s ( ?ree ( ! l>ge/ associations ! ,re=m]s 7 9 control1 due 9 a v l>ge degree to ,smi?'s prea*+4 ,z we h already se51 8 influ5ce ov] ! p 0 trem5d\s4 ,! *ur*es = :i* he prea*$ regul>ly--,sp5c]'s ,creek1 ,grassy ,lick & ,m\nt ,/]l+--report$ 9 _! annual lett]s ( #ahbh to ! ,nor? ,di/rict ,association ( :i* !y 7 memb]s1 ! baptism ( #cib p]sons dur+ ! ye>4 ,! tw5ty-f\r *ur*es ( ! ,association report$ ! baptism ( ab\t n9e hundr$ p]sons1 ! great] "p ( :om _h be5 imm]s$ by ,smi?4 ,five new *ur*es _h be5 organiz$ by ,smi? on ! ,bible alone & became memb]s ( ! ,association4 ,! ,nor? ,di/rict ,association met 9 ,july1 #ahbh4 ,at its meet+ ! previ\s ye> ! ,lulbegrud ,*ur* _h s5t ! foll[+ *>ges aim$ at ,john ,smi?1 b veil+ ! object ( _! *>ge "u ! designation1 "o ( _! prea*]s4 ,! accusations 73 #a4 ,t1 :ile x is ! cu/om ( ,bapti/s to use z ! ,^w ( ,god ! ,k+ ,james translation1 he _h on two or ?ree occasions 9 public1 & (t5 privately 9 8 family1 read f ,alex&] ,campbell's translation4 #b4 ,t :ile x is ! cu/om 9 ! c]emony ( baptism to pron\nce1 ,i baptize y1 he1 on ! contr>y1 is 9 ! habit ( say+1 imm]se y4 #c4 ,t 9 adm9i/]+ ! ,"l's ,supp]1 :ile x is ! cu/om to break ! loaf into bits1 small en\gh to be readily tak5 into ! m\?1 yet he leaves ! bread 9 l>ge pieces1 tea*+ t ea* communicant %all break x = himself4 ,)\t wait+ = himself to be s+l$ out1 ,smi? arose & said1 ,i plead guilty to !m all4 ,aft] bitt] debat+ & wrangl+ ov] ! *>ges x 0 f9ally vot$ t !y be laid ov] = ano!r ye>4 ,! meet+ ( #ahbh 0 ! "t :5 ^! *>ges %\ld be br\ght up4 ,smi? _h be5 unceas+ly engag$ 9 prea*+1 & m>vel\sly successful 9 w9n+ m5 to ,*ri/ dur+ ! ye>s4 ,/ill1 :5 ! ,association met1 he 0 9 d\bt at fir/ z to :i* side _h ! majority ( mess5g]s4 ,9 ! regi/ration ( mess5g]s1 x 0 soon f\nd t ! majority 7 favorable to him4 ,! mess5g]s1 f ! five new *ur*es he _h e/abli%$ turn$ ! scale 9 8 favor4 ,! *>ges 7 n m5tion$ on ! floor ( ! ,association4 ,9 #ahcj ?is ,association divid$1 t5 *ur*es volunt>ily )draw+ & =m+ a new association on ,bapti/ pr9ciples4 ,! ,nor? ,di/rict ,association met = ! la/ "t z an advisory c\ncil 9 #ahca1 & 0 dissolv$ "o ye> lat]4 ,f\rte5 *ur*es & f\r p>ts ( *ur*es 7 enroll$ on ! occasion ( ! dissolution4 ,on ! same day ! *ur*es t _h )drawn f ! ,association two ye>s be=e met & =m$ a new association "u ! same "n4 ,! ,brack5 ,association 0 ! next to meet1 9 #ahbh4 ,lick+ ,association1 rigidly ,calv9i/ic & devot$ to ! ,philadelphia ,confession ( ,fai?1 desir$ to ent] into mutual correspond5ce ) ,brack51 b _h det]m9$ z a condition ( x to require f ,brack5 a pl$ge to support ! ,philadelphia ,confession ( ,fai?1 :i* no d\bt w\ld h be5 giv5 9 #ahbg2 b 9 ! meantime ,smi? _h gone into t di/rict1 & prea*$ among ! *ur*es2 & su* m5 z ,walt] ,w>d5 & ,jesse ,holton1 already mov$ by ! plea ( ,alex&] ,campbell1 & enc\rag$ by ! boldness & success ( ,smi?1 7 already favor+ ! return to ! anci5t ord] ( ?+s4 ,! lett] came f ,lick+ requir+ ! pl$ge & 0 read be=e ! ,association4 ,aft] a prolong$ discussion by v>i\s memb]s1 dur+ :i* ,smi? sat 9 sil5ce1 he f9ally saw 8 opportunity to speak4 ,?is opportunity 0 giv5 :5 ,james ,arnold1 a mess5g] f ! ,nor? ,b5d ,association1 mov$ t ! t]ms propos$ by ,lick+ be reject$1 & t all fur!r correspond5ce ) t body be dropp$4 ,smi? support$ ! proposition1 & z he rose to d s took f 8 saddle bags a copy ( ! ,confession ( ,fai?1 & said4 ,bre?r51 ,lick+ requires ( ,brack5 an utt] impossibility4 ,no "o c ma9ta9 inviolate ! doctr9e ( grace z reveal$ 9 ! ,scriptures1 & at ! same "t1 def5d t :i* is taught 9 ! ,philadelphia ,confession ( ,fai?2 = ! doctr9e ( ! cre$ is n ! doctr9e ( ! ,bible4 ,no two books 9 ! _w diff] m ?an ^!2 & 9 no po9t d !y diff] m widely ?an on ! doctr9e ( salvation by grace4 ,he !n contra/$ ! tea*+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ) t ( ! ,confession ( ,fai?1 & 8 argum5t 0 s conv9c+ t practically all seem$ satisfi$ t ! t]ms propos$ by ,lick+ 7 contradictory1 & :5 ! vote 0 tak5 ! proposition to reject 0 c>ri$ almo/ unanim\sly4 ,a prom95t witness ( ^! ev5ts said3 ,x 0 ,john ,smi? t gave impulse & tone to ! re=mation 9 ,brack51 z he _h already done 9 ,nor? ,di/rict1 ,boone's ,creek & o!r associations4 ,x 0 decid$ :ile ! ,association 0 9 session t ,brack5 w\ld recomm5d no cre$ or confession ( fai? b ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,brack5 did n1 h[ev]1 rema9 long ( ?is m9d2 b w5t back into regul> fell[%ip 9 #ahcj2 yet n )\t great loss by defection to ! side ( ^? cont5d+ = ! anci5t ord] ( ?+s4 ,b5$ict1 ! ,bapti/ hi/orian1 in=ms u t ! numb] ( memb]s 0 r$uc$ f #b1bjj to #ijj on acc\nt ( ! sweep+ inroads ( ! ,re=m]s4 ,! next association to take action 9 #ahbh 0 ! ,boone's ,creek4 ,! lett] s5t out by ! ,association 9 #ahbg said to ! *ur*es compos+ x3 ,we he> f "s ( ! *ur*es t !y are endeavor+ to return to '! anci5t ord] ( ?+s'1 & !y recognize ! ,scriptures alone z an entire & suffici5t rule ( fai? & practice4 ,dur+ ! spr+ & summ] ( #ahbh !re 0 an increase ( ab\t #hgj memb]s by imm]sion1 _m ( :om _h be5 br\ght 9 ?r\gh ! prea*+ ( ,john ,smi?4 ,! ,association1 compos$ ( ?irte5 *ur*es1 met on ! ?ird ,sunday 9 ,septemb]4 ,! "q be=e x1 rais$ 9 lett]s ( two *ur*es1 0 conc]n+ an am5dm5t to ! con/itution to br+ x into h>mony ) ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! foll[+ action 0 tak5 by ! ,association & report$ back to all ! *ur*es3 ,we1 !re=e1 recomm5d to ! *ur*es an abolition ( ! pres5t con/itution1 &1 9 lieu !re(1 an adoption ( ?is resolution3 ,resolv$1 ,t we ! ,*ur*es ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 believ+ ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t to be ! ,^w ( ,god1 & ! only rule ( fai? & ob$i5ce giv5 by ! great ,head ( ! ,*ur* = its gov]nm5t1 d agree to meet annually on e ?ird ,saturday1 ,"l's day1 & ,monday 9 ,septemb] ( ea* ye>1 = ! wor%ip ( ,god1 & on su* occasions volunt>ily communicate ! /ate ( religion among/ u by lett] & mess5g]4 7,*ri/ian ,bapti/1 ,vol4 #f4 page #dbj47 ,su* m5 z ,john ,smi?1 ,william ,morton1 ,j]emiah ,v>deman & ,jacob ,crea?1 ,jr41 all "u ! influ5ce ( ! re/oration movem5t1 7 ! lead+ spirits 9 ?is meet+4 ,! report ( ! action ( *ur*es ) ref]5ce to ! resolution 0 made a ye> lat]4 ,! result %[$ t sev5 *ur*es vot$ to reta9 ! con/itution1 six vot$ to aboli% x4 ,at ! meet+ 9 #ahcj ^! six *ur*es 7 dropp$ f ! ,association1 & bo? ! ,nor? ,di/rict & ,tate's ,creek mess5g]s 7 reject$4 ,9 #ahbi ,tate's ,creek ,association 0 "u ! controll+ influ5ce ( ! re/oration movem5t4 ,a m9ority ( or?odox ,bapti/ *ur*es )drew & call$ a meet+ = ! mon? ( ,june1 #ahcj1 at :i* !y drew up a bill ( errors aga9/ c]ta9 prea*]s & *ur*es ( ! ,association4 ,?is ,association 0 compos$ ( delegates f t5 ( ! tw5ty-six *ur*es4 ,!y organiz$ & proce$$ to meet z ! ,tate's ,creek ,association1 & resolv$ to cut (f correspond5ce ) ! *ur*es t tol]at$ ! h]esy ( ,campbellism4 ,?us we see t ! majority ( ?is ,association 0 9 l9e ) ! ef=t to re/ore ! anci5t ord] ( ?+s4 ,! ,frankl9 & ,elkhorn ,associations 71 h[ev]1 n fri5dly to ! movem5t1 ?\gh !re 0 a /rong & influ5tial m9ority committ$ to ^? pr9ciples4 ,9 #ahbi ,frankl9 ,association adopt$ decrees reject+ z h]etical all ^? :o s\ght to return to apo/olic ,*ri/ianity & all *ur*es 7 w>n$ n to h>bor any su* errors4 ,! ,elkhorn ,association at its meet+ 9 #ahcj dropp$ f fur!r correspond5ce two *ur*es1 & refus$ to recognize ! mess5g]s f ! ,nor? ,di/rict1 ?us exclud+ f ,bapti/ fell[%ip eighte5 *ur*es & #a1dbg memb]s4 ,! ,russell ,creek & ,s\? ,concord ,associations took action aga9/ ,campbellite h]esy1 ! latt] pass+ a resolution advis+ all *ur*es to lock _! doors aga9/ ! foll[]s ( ,alex&] ,campbell1 :o d5y ! ag5cy ( ! ,_s4 ,v few ( ! ,k5tucky ,bapti/ ,associations escap$ ! influ5ce ( ! ef=t to return to primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,! success ( ! movem5t only increas$ ! bitt]ness & hate ( ! opposition4 ,no long] satisfi$ ) misrepres5tation1 & ) clos+ ! doors ( _! meet+ places aga9/ ,smi?1 ! lead]s ( ! ,bapti/ *ur*es =mulat$ measures = ! =cible expulsion ( all :o gave he$ to ! tea*+ ( ,smi? & 8 co-work]s4 ,z ?is purpose spread f *ur* to *ur* & f association to association1 ,smi? ?rew himself fe>lessly into ! brea*1 & ) 8 rugg$ eloqu5ce s\ght to /ay any attempt at disruption1 & to pres]ve ! peace & ord] ( religi\s society4 ,z ! heat ( ?is controv]sy grew int5se1 8 g5ial _s & good-fell[%ip 7 only ! m manife/4 ,9 ! excitem5t ( ! times he alone 0 calm4 ,amid/ ! cl\d ( angry faces t (t5 d5i$ him a he>+1 8 c\nt5ance alone 0 lit up ) a fri5dly smile4 ,:5 ! doors 7 lock$ aga9/ him by "s unfri5dly h&1 he w\ld speak to ^? :o ga!r$ to he> him on su* occasions 9 ! woods1 refus+ to sanction any act ( viol5ce by :i* admittance might be ga9$4 ,?\gh f ?is "t 9 ! ?icke/ ( ! fight1 he 0 a man ( peace2 & :ile o!rs gna%$ on him ) _! tee?1 he only repli$ 9 pleasantries4 ,! pr9ciples = :i* he n[ cont5d$ 7 ! "r ( free spee* & private judgm5t4 ,z rail+ accusations 7 br\ght aga9/ him & ^? :o %>$ 8 views1 he w\ld usually seek ! opportunity ( reply+1 b 0 inv>iably refus$ ! simple privilege claim$4 ,! ef=t ( ,john ,smi?1 !re=e1 to ma9ta9 ! unity ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* on ! broad plat=m :i* he _h fram$ = himself 0 soon f\nd unavail+4 ,! unyield+ policy ( ^? :o 7 antagoni/ic to apo/olic ,*ri/ianity 0 to d5y fell[%ip to ^? :o jo9$ 9 ! se>* to le>n ! way ( ! ,"l m p]fectly4 ,seek fir/ to reclaim ^! re=m]s f _! error1 0 ! me?od n[ sugge/$2 if y\r ef=ts %\ld fail1 invite !m to leave y1 & to practice _! re=mation to !mselves4 ,if !y w n g at y\r reque/1 sep>ate !m f y 9 ! be/ way y c4 ,h5ce=? 8 :ole en]gy & /r5g? 7 consum$ 9 sett+ 9 ord] ! ?+s lack+ & /r5g!n+ ! fai? ( ! bre?r54 ,at ?is "t !re 7 ab\t eight ?\s& intellig5t1 pi\s m5 & wom5 9 ! ,/ate /&+ ) ,smi?4 ,dur+ ! w9t] & spr+ ( #ahca he gave himself unres]v$ly to ! reject$ *ur*es ( ! old ,nor? ,di/rict ,association1 organiz+ !m aft] ! ,new ,te/am5t model1 & press+ ! claims ( ! primitive ,gospel ( l>g] conque/4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,walt] ,,scott ,inasmu* z ! "n ( ,walt] ,scott is insep>ably l9k$ ) ! movem5t to re/ore apo/olic ,*ri/ianity1 ,i n[ give a sket* ( 8 life & "w4 ,he 0 born 9 ,dumfries%ire1 ,scotl&1 ,octob] #ca1 #agif4 ,he 0 c>efully tra9$ 9 ! ,scot* ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* by 8 "m4 ,at ! v e>ly p]iod 9 8 life he gave evid5ce ( a decid$ tal5t4 ,?\gh ! res\rces ( ! family 7 only mod]ate1 8 wat*ful p>5ts gave him e educational advantage1 ! "m pray+ t ! *ur* might enjoy ! s]vice ( 8 r>e gift ( m9d & he>t4 ,! ,scot* family ( ! old s*ool s\ght no great] honor ?an to h a son at ! univ]sity4 ,?\gh a collegiate education at t "t 0 reg>d$ )9 ! rea* ( ! sons ( ! weal?y only1 9 8 devot$ family ! sl5d] res\rces 7 s husb&$ z to enable ,walt]1 aft] a prep>atory c\rse at ! academy1 to ent] ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,"h he pursu$ 8 /udies ) a zeal & success t fully ju/ifi$ ! labors & sacrifices ( 8 p>5ts4 ,aft] complet+ 8 univ]sity c\rse1 :ile ca/+ ab\t = a place to plant 8 feet & ent] ! s]vice ( 8 race1 an unexpect$ turn ( affairs *ang$ ! *annels ( 8 life4 ,8 "m's bro!r1 ,george ,innis1 _h "s ye>s be=e emigrat$ to ?is c\ntry1 & by fai?fulness & integrity advanc$ himself to a place ( responsibility 9 ! gov]nm5tal s]vice 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,anxi\s to assi/ 8 relatives /ill 9 ,scotl&1 he wrote 8 si/] to s5d "o ( h] sons1 promis+ :at assi/ance he c\ld r5d] 9 8 advancem5t4 ,walt]1 z ! be/ fitt$ by education = ! opportunities ( a new c\ntry1 0 ! "o select$ to g2 & z ! plan 0 9 p]fect h>mony ) 8 own wi%es1 he at once />t$ on ! voyage1 rea*+ ,new ,york on ,july #g1 #ahah1 & on 8 arrival 0 k9dly welcom$ by 8 uncle1 ?r\gh ^: influ5ce he soon obta9$ a position z ,lat9 tutor 9 a classical academy1 = :i* he 0 em95tly qualifi$4 ,b 9 ?is position he did n long rema94 ,he _h made "s acqua9tances 9 ! city1 & f !m he>d gl[+ reports ( ! ,we/1 z all ! region beyond ! ,allegh5y ,m\nta9s 0 !n call$2 & _h resolv$ to see = himself ! l& ( :i* he _h he>d s mu*4 ,on foot1 ) a light he>t & a light purse1 ) a "y man ab\t 8 own age z a travel+ companion1 he set out = ! regions beyond4 ,aft] a long j\rney he rea*$ ,pittsburgh 9 ! e>ly spr+ ( #ahai4 ,he s\ght employm5t1 & soon _h ! good =tune to fall 9 ) ,george ,=re/]1 a fell[ c\ntryman1 & ! pr9cipal ( an academy1 by :om he 0 imm$iately engag$ z an assi/ant 9 8 s*ool4 ,some:at to ! surprise ( "y ,scott1 he soon made ! discov]y t 8 employ]1 ?\gh a deeply religi\s man1 diff]$ v mu* 9 8 views f ^? :i* he himself _h be5 taught to reg>d z true4 ,mr4 ,=re/]'s peculi>ity consi/$ 9 mak+ ! ,bible 8 only au?ority & guide 9 religi\s matt]s1 :ile ,scott _h be5 tra9$ to reg>d ! ,presbyt]ian ,/&>ds z ! true & au?oritative exposition & summ>y ( ,bible tru?4 ,a ,,s9c]e ,,tru? ,,seek] ,mr4 ,=re/] _h be5 tra9$ "u ! ,haldanes ( ,scotl& be=e com+ to ?is c\ntry1 & _h 9 connection ) 8 s*ool duties1 built up a small congregation :o %>$ 8 views4 ,diff]+1 z !y did1 !y 71 nev]!less1 bo? lov]s ( ! tru?1 & ! frequ5t & close exam9ations :i* !y made ( ! ,scriptures result$ 9 conv9c+ ,scott t human /&>ds 9 religion 71 l _! au?ors1 imp]fect2 & 9 impress+ him deeply ) ! conviction t ! ,^w ( ,god is ! only true & sure guide4 ,bett] soil = ! plant+ 0 n to be f\nd ?an t pres5t$ 9 ! he>t ( ,walt] ,scott4 ,he 0 a s9c]e tru? seek]4 ,he lov$ ! ,bible & 0 ready to accept :atev] x cle>ly taught4 ,no soon]1 !re=e1 did he le>n ( ?is new religi\s movem5t ?an he set ab\t dilig5tly to te/ ! correctness ( 8 employ]'s views4 ,toge!r !y made an e>ne/1 pray]ful se>* ( ! ,scriptures4 ,(t51 aft] ! labors ( ! day _h clos$ 9 ! s*ool room1 !y w\ld prosecute _! exam9ations ( ! ,scriptures f> into ! night2 n 9 ! _s ( controv]sy1 h[ev]1 b ) an e>ne/ desire to "k ! w ( ,god1 & a det]m9ation to foll[ :]ev] 8 ,^w1 ! expression ( 8 w1 %\ld lead4 ,! result ( ?is pa9/ak+ se>* 0 t 9 a few weeks he turn$ 8 back ^u 8 pa/ religi\s tra9+1 conv9c$ t human /&>ds ( belief 7 )\t ! sanction ( ,god's ,^w4 ,?is conclusion 0 n rea*$ )\t mu* angui% ( _s4 ,he fur!r discov]$ t ?\gh he _h adh]$1 9 all /rictness1 to ! *ur* traditions1 he _h n obey$ "s ( ! important comm&s ( ! ,bible4 ,among 8 fir/ discov]ies1 9 8 consci5ti\s se>* ( tru?1 0 ! abs5ce ( scriptural au?ority = infant baptism1 & 8 ne$ ( p]sonal ob$i5ce to a comm& s repeat$ly en=c$ z t ( baptism into ,*ri/4 ,he1 !re=e1 ann\nc$ 8 purpose to reject all au?ority b t ( ,*ri/1 & 9 ob$i5ce to ! div9e comm& he 0 imm]s$ by ,mr4 ,=re/] & imm$iately ent]$ into he>ty co-op]ation ) ! small congregation plant$ by ,mr4 ,=re/]4 ,he at once prov$ himself a valuable addition to ?is /ruggl+ congregation4 ,al?\gh he did n imm$iately take a public "p 9 ! s]vices1 8 g5ial pres5ce1 zeal\s devotion1 & ,*ri/ian culture 7 an inspiration to ! :ole congregation4 ,he humbly accept$ ! position ( le>n]1 cont9u$ 8 dilig5t se>* ( ! ,scriptures & rejoic$ 9 8 new-f\nd fai?4 ,9 ! meantime ,mr4 ,=re/]1 desir+ to devote himself exclusively to religi\s "w1 turn$ ov] ! managem5t ( ! s*ool to 8 tal5t$ assi/ant4 ,mr4 ,scott's orig9al me?ods ( in/ruction1 8 pleas+ mann] & faultless "* won = 8 s*ool a wide reputation & patronage4 ,_h success 9 ?is l9e be5 ! goal ( 8 ambition1 8 situation w\ld h prov$ em95tly satisfactory2 b ?is 0 n 8 ambition4 ,! m he /udi$ ! ,bible ! m he felt drawn t[>d ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w4 ,a new _w ( religi\s tru? 0 gradually unfold+ be=e him4 ,he soon f\nd t ev5 8 tea*]s 9 ?is new religi\s s*ool b p>tially appreh5d$ ! div9e purpose & me?od 9 ! _w's salvation4 ,f 8 /udy ( ! ,bible1 especially ,acts ( ,apo/les1 :i* n[ enli/$ 8 att5tion1 ! plan ( r$emption began to take =m 9 8 m9d4 ,conv]sion _h always be5 a p]plex+ subject to him1 b 9 ! light ( ?is book all my/]y fl$4 ,he n[ f\nd t all :o he>d1 believ$ & obey$ ! glad message ( salvation 7 fill$ ) peace & joy 9 believ+4 ,:ile pursu+ ?is l9e ( inve/igation a small tract1 s5t out by an obscure congregation 9 ,new ,york1 fell into 8 h&s4 ,! views express$ 9 x s p]fectly co9cid$ ) ^? he n[ held t he det]m9$ to get acqua9t$ ) its au?ors1 feel+ t su* an association w\ld add greatly to 8 ,*ri/ian k4 ,he1 !re=e1 at once sev]$ 8 connection ) ! s*ool & set out 9 se>* = m light ^u ! great religi\s problems t n[ consum$ 8 ?\ght4 ,! visit prov$ a ke5 disappo9tm5t4 ,he f\nd ! practice ( ! *ur* mu* diff]5t f :at he _h be5 l$ to expect f _! publication4 ,s aft] a %ort soj\rn 9 ! city1 ) a heavy he>t he cont9u$ 8 j\rney1 visit+ ,baltimore & ,wa%+ton1 9 ea* ( :i* he _h le>n$ ( small congregations ( indep5d5t believ]s2 b ^! visits only add$ to 8 disappo9tm5t4 ,^! e>ly attempts at religi\s re=mation 7 n always successful & frequ5tly result$ 9 a c>icature ( ! ?+ attempt$4 ,9 describ+ 8 fruitless j\rney he said3 ,i w5t ?i!r1 & hav+ se>*$ !m up ,i discov]$ !m to be s sunk5 9 ! mire ( ,calv9ism t !y refus$ to re=m2 & s f9d+ no pleasure 9 !m ,i left !m4 ,i !n w5t to ! ,capitol1 &1 climb+ up to its l(ty dome1 ,i sat myself d[n1 fill$ ) sorr[ at ! mis]able desolation ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,8 droop+ _s 0 *e]$ by 8 return to ,pittsburgh1 aft] a j\rney on foot ( ?ree hundr$ miles4 ,he receiv$ a w>m welcome f ^? :o _h le>n$ 8 true wor?1 &1 z a suitable successor 9 ! s*ool room _h n be5 f\nd1 a h&some sal>y 0 pl$g$ to secure 8 s]vices once m4 ,brok5 9 _s & purse1 he accept$ ! position & cont9u$ 9 ! managem5t ( ! s*ool = sev]al ye>s ) rem>kable success4 ,b 8 *ief delight n[ 0 to m9i/] to ! little *ur*1 :i*1 depriv$ ( its lead] by ! sudd5 dea? ( ,mr4 ,=re/]1 look$ to him = lead]%ip4 ,?is p]iod m>ks 8 gr[? 9 spiritual ?+s4 ,8 rev]5ce = ,*ri/ & 8 ,^w l$ to ! con/ant /udy ( ! ,bible4 ,8 *ief delight 0 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,x 0 9 ^! h\rs ) ! ,_s ( tru? t he made ! f9al d$ication ( himself to ,god1 promis+ t if he1 = ,*ri/'s sake1 w\ld grant him j & compreh5sive views ( 8 religion he w\ld subord9ate all 8 pres5t & future atta9m5ts to ! glory ( 8 ,son & 8 religion4 ,,turn+ ,,po9t ,,9 ,,8 ,,life ,x 0 :ile ?us engag$ s+leh&$ 9 work+ out ! problem ( human r$emption z reveal$ 9 ! ,^w ( ,god t he fir/ met ,alex&] ,campbell1 ) :om 8 own hi/ory & ef=ts 9 ! future 7 to be s intimately bl5d$4 ,!y possess$ _m elem5ts 9 common1 _h be5 re>$ 9 ! same s*ool ( religi\s ?\ght1 _h be5 driv5 by ! same burn+ ?ir/ = tru? to ! ,bible1 & ?r\gh its message 7 l$ to pursue a simil> pa? 9 _! se>* = acceptance ) ,god4 ,! foll[+1 f ! p5 ( ,dr4 ,ri*>dson1 beautifully pres5ts ! pr$om9at+ *>act]i/ics 9 contra/ at ! "t ( _! fir/ meet+3 ,! diff]5t hues 9 ! *>act]s ( ^! two em95t m5 7 su* z to be1 s to speak1 complim5t>y to ea* o!r1 & to =m1 by _! h>moni\s bl5d+1 a complet5ess & a brilliancy :i* r5d]$ _! society1 peculi>ly delightful to ea* o!r4 ,?us1 :ile ,mr4 ,campbell 0 fe>less1 self-reliant & firm1 ,mr4 ,scott 0 naturally timid1 diffid5t & yield+2 &1 :ile ! =m] 0 calm1 /eady & prud5t1 ! latt] 0 excitable1 v>iable & precipitate4 ,! "o1 l ! nor? />1 0 ev] 9 position1 unaffect$ by t]re/rial influ5ces2 ! o!r1 l ! magnetic ne$le1 0 (t5 di/urb$ & trembl+ on its c5t]1 yet ev] return+ or seek+ to return to its true direction4 ,bo? 7 nobly end[$ ) ! p[]s ( high] reason--a delicate self-consci\sness1 a decid$ w & a cle> conception ( tru?4 ,b1 z x reg>ds ! o!r dep>tm5ts ( ! inn] nature1 9 ,mr4 ,campbell ! und]/&+ pr$om9at$1 9 ,mr4 ,scott ! feel+s2 &1 if ! =m] excell$ 9 imag9ation1 ! latt] 0 sup]ior 9 brilliancy ( fancy4 ,if ! t5d5cy ( "o 0 to g5]alize1 to take wide & ext5d$ views & to gr\p a multitude ( p>ticul>s "u a s+le head or pr9ciple1 t ( ! o!r 0 to analyze1 to divide subjects into _! p>ticul>s & consid] _! details4444 ,9 a ^w1 9 almo/ all ^? qualities ( m9d & "*1 :i* might be reg>d$ diff]5tial or di/9ctive1 !y 7 s+ul>ly fitt$ to supply ea* o!r's wants & to =m a r>e & delightful companion%ip4 7,memoirs ( ,a4 ,campbell1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #eaj47 ,!y at once recogniz$ 9 ea* o!r k9dr$ spirits & jo9$ h&s1 &1 ) ,?omas ,campbell1 =m$ a trio ( unsurpass$ g5ius1 eloqu5ce & devotion to tru?4 ,,walt] ,,scott ,! turn+ po9t 9 ! life ( ,walt] ,scott came 9 #ahbg1 :5 ,alex&] ,campbell1 on ! way to ! annual meet+ ( ! ,mahon+ ,association1 visit$ him at 8 home 9 ,/eub5sville1 ,ohio1 & prevail$ ^u him to att5d ! meet+ at ,new ,lisbon4 ,scott1 ?\gh n a memb] ( ! ,association1 0 *os5 evangeli/4 ,! ,association 0 organiz$ 9 #ahbj & 0 compos$ ( t5 ,bapti/ *ur*es4 ,! numb] 0 d\bl$ lat]1 sev5te5 ( :om 7 repres5t$ at ! ,new ,lisbon meet+4 ,^! *ur*es 9 ! ma9 7 9 ea/]n ,ohio1 ne> ! ,p5nsylvania l9e1 & betwe5 ! ,ohio ,riv] & ,lake ,erie1 & 7 kn[n z ! ,we/]n ,res]ve4 ,"o ( ! *ur*es--,wellsburg--0 9 ,virg9ia4 ,spiritually !y 7 almo/ dead4 ,?is1 p]haps1 0 ! result ( extreme ,calv9i/ic tea*+s & _! elaborate man-made cre$s4 ,at ?is association fifte5 *ur*es report$ only ?irty-f\r baptisms1 & elev5 ( ^! 7 at ,wellsburg1 ! *ur* home ( ,alex&] ,campbell4 ,! new evangeli/ ?rew ! full =ce ( 8 ard5t nature into ! "w4 ,he _h long be5 an e>ne/1 fai?ful1 & pray]ful /ud5t ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,he _h drunk deep into its _s1 & became fully conv9c$ ( ! weakness & ineffici5cy ( mod]n sy/ems1 9 all ( :i* !re seem$ to be a l9k want+ to connect an av[$ fai? 9 ,*ri/ ) an imm$iate realization ( ! promises ( ! gospel4 ,^! seem$ plac$ at an almo/ inf9ite di/ance f ! p5it5t1 b[$ d[n "u a s5se ( guilt1 & long+ = "s c]ta9 evid5ce ( acceptance1 :i* he (t5 va9ly s\ght 9 ! special spiritual illum9ations ^u :i* m5 7 taught to rely4 ,! ,association _h impos$ ^u him no p>ticul> c\rse :atev]1 & x 0 8 duty1 !re=e1 to consid] h[ ! proclamation ( ! gospel c\ld be r5d]$ mo/ effective = ! conv]sion ( s9n]s4 ,9 view ( all ! circum/ances1 ?is 0 a v difficult & p]plex+ "q ) :i* to grapple4 ,he 0 aw>e ( ! fact t ,mr4 ,campbell _h spok5 ( baptism 9 8 debate ) ,mc,calla z a pl$ge ( p>don1 b 9 ?is po9t ( view x 01 z yet1 contemplat$ only !oretically4 ,h[ev]1 8 k ( ! ,scriptures l$ him to ?9k t baptism 0 9 "s way intimately connect$ ) ! p]sonal enjoym5t ( ! bless+s ( ! gospel1 b z yet he 0 unable to p]ceive j :at position x occupi$ 9 relation to o!r requirem5ts4 ,aft] a m dilig5t & pray]ful /udy ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 & _m conf]5ces ) o!r pi\s & godly m51 x became cle> to ,scott t ! ,gospel conta9$ facts to be believ$1 comm&s to be obey$1 & promises to be enjoy$4 ,b 9 its specific application x 0 five-fold3 7#a7 ,fai? to *ange ! he>t2 7#b7 ,rep5tance to *ange ! life2 7#c7 ,baptism to *ange ! /ate2 7#d7 ,remission ( s9s to cleanse f guilt2 7#e7 ,! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s to help 9 ! ,*ri/ian life & make "o a p>tak] ( ! div9e nature4 ,?is arrangem5t ( ^! items 0 s manife/ly 9 h>mony ) ! ,scriptures t he 0 transport$ ) ! discov]y4 ,! key ( k 0 n[ 9 8 possession4 ,! ?+s t be=e 7 d>k & p]plex+ 7 n[ cle> & he resolv$ to prea* ! same ,gospel prea*$ by inspir$ m51 & to prea* x 9 ! same way4 ,f 8 pres5t viewpo9t ! ,^w ( ,god 0 = ! salvation ( ! _w1 & ! inspir$ tea*]s made no mi/ake 9 _! me?od ( prea*+ x4 ,?is 0 a bold & novel ?+ to d1 b he believ$ x to be "r1 & he _h ! c\rage ( 8 convictions1 & proce$$ to d x4 ,fe>+ t he might give cause ( (f5se to ! *ur*es :i* _h employ$ him1 he s5t an appo9tm5t outside ! limits ( ! ,association1 & ) "s misgiv+s1 b 9 an e>ne/ & int]e/+ mann]1 laid be=e ! audi5ce 8 analysis ( ! ,gospel1 & at ! close he gave a =mal invitation to any "o s dispos$ to come =w>d1 confess 8 fai? 9 ,*ri/ & be baptiz$ = ! remission ( s9s2 b no "o came4 ,to 8 audi5ce ?is 0 l ! proclamation ( a new religion1 s diff]5t did x seem f ! or?odoxy ( ! day4 ,!y reg>d$ him z an amiable b delud$ en?usia/1 & look$ ^u him ) wond]1 pity1 & ev5 scorn4 ,?is result 0 n unexpect$1 = ! :ole community 0 fill$ ) ! idea t some?+ sup]natural _h to occur be=e any "o c\ld become a fit subject = baptism4 ,in/ead ( giv+ way to ?is traditional prejudice1 he said to himself ,?is way is ( ,god1 & ought to succe$1 & ) 8 help x %all4 ,he 0 "r1 & ,god gave him success1 z he gives to all su* m54 ,he accord+ly ann\nc$ t he w\ld deliv] a s]ies ( disc\rses on ! ,anci5t ,gospel at ,new ,lisbon1 ,ohio1 ! place at :i* he _h be5 select$ z evangeli/ by ! ,association a few mon?s be=e4 ,"h he 0 to witness ! removal ( ! b>ri]s & ! triumph ( ! cause t 0 s ne> 8 he>t4 ,:5 he arriv$ on ,sunday to beg9 ! s]ies ( meet+s e seat 9 ! build+ 0 lit]ally pack$1 soon ev5 /&+ room 0 at a premium1 & ! doorway 0 block$ up by ! eag] ?rong4 ,scott 0 j ! man to be mov$ to ! highe/ po9t by su* an occasion4 ,! foll[+ is a vivid description ( ! ev5ts ( t day3 ,8 !me 0 ! confession ( ,pet]1 ,?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god 7,matt4 #af3af71 & ! promise :i* grew out ( x1 t he %\ld h entru/$ to him ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav54 ,! decl>ation ( ,pet] 0 a !me ^u :i* he _h ?\ght = ye>s2 x 0 a fact :i* he reg>d$ ! f\r gospels 0 writt5 to e/abli%2 to :i* type & prophecy _h po9t$ 9 all ! ages gone by2 :i* ! ,et]nal ,fa!r _h ann\nc$ f heav5 :5 out ( ! wat]s ( ,jordan & ! ,_s desc5d$ & abode ^u him1 & :i* 0 repeat$ aga9 amid ! awful gr&eur & solemnity ( ! transfiguration sc5e4 ,he !n proce$$ to %[ t ! f\ndation tru? ( ,*ri/ianity 0 ! div9e nature ( ! ,"l ,jesus--! c5tral tru? ar\nd :i* all o!rs revolv$1 & f :i* !y d]iv$ _! efficacy & importance--& t ! belief ( x 0 calculat$ to produce su* love 9 ! he>t ( him :o believ$ z w\ld lead him to true ob$i5ce to ! object ( 8 fai? & love4 ,to %[ h[ t love & fai? 7 to be manife/$1 he quot$ ! language ( ! great commission 7,matt4 #bh3ah-bj2 ,m>k #af3ae1af71 & call$ att5tion to ! fact t ,jesus _h taught 8 apo/les t rep5tance & remission ( s9s %\ld be prea*$ 9 8 "n unto all ! nations1 beg9n+ f ,j]usalem 7,luke #bd3dg74 ,he !n l$ 8 he>]s to ,j]usalem on ! memorable ,p5teco/ & bade !m li/5 to an au?oritative ann\ncem5t ( ! law ( ,*ri/1 n[ to be made kn[n = ! fir/ "t by ,pet] to :om ,*ri/ _h promis$ to give ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav5 7,matt4 #af3af71 :i* he repres5t$ z mean+ ! conditions ^u :i* ! guilty might f9d p>don at ! h&s ( ! ris51 asc5d$1 & glorifi$ ,son ( ,god1 & ent] 8 k+dom4 ,aft] a rapid yet graphic review ( ,pet]'s disc\rse1 he po9t$ out its effect on ^? t he>d him1 & bade !m m>k ! inquiry :i* a deep conviction ( ! tru? !y _h he>d =c$ f ! lips ( ! he>t-pi]c$ multitudes1 :o1 9 _! agony at ! discov]y t !y _h put to dea? ! ,son ( ,god1 _! own long-expect$ ,messiah1 said unto ,pet] & ! re/ ( ! apo/les1 ,bre?r51 :at %all we d8 & !n ) fla%+ eyes & impassion$ mann]1 z if he fully realiz$ t he 0 b re-e*o+ ! words ( "o :o spake z ! ,_s gave him utt]ance1 he gave ! reply1 ,rep5t ye1 & be baptiz$ e "o ( y 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ unto ! remission ( y\r s9s2 & ye %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,he !n1 ) great =ce & p[]1 made 8 application2 he insi/$ t ! conditions 7 un*ang$1 t ! ,^w ( ,god meant :at x said1 & t to receive & obey x 0 to obey ,god & to imitate ! example ( ^? :o1 "u ! prea*+ ( ! apo/les1 gladly accept$ ! gospel message4 ,8 disc\rse 0 long1 b 8 he>]s m>k$ n ! flight ( "t4 ,! ,bapti/s =got1 9 admiration ( its scriptural beauty & simplicity1 t x 0 contr>y to mu* ( _! own tea*+ & practice2 "s ( !m :o _h be51 9 a measure1 enlight5$ be=e1 rejoic$ 9 ! tru? ! mom5t !y p]ceiv$ x2 to o!rs1 :o _h long be5 p]plex$ by ! difficulties & contradictions ( ! discordant views ( ! day1 x 0 light l light to we>y travel]s long b5ight$ & lo/4 ,! man ( all o!rs1 h[ev]1 9 t community :o w\ld mo/ h delight$ 9 & gladly accept$ ^? views1 s old & yet s new1 0 n !re1 al?\gh almo/ 9 he>+ ( ! prea*]1 :o1 ) su* eloqu5ce & p[]1 0 sett+ =? ! primitive gospel4 ,?is 0 ,william ,am5d1 a pi\s1 ,god-fe>+ man1 a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & reg>d$ by 8 neighbors z an ,israelite inde$4 ,he _h = "s "t ent]ta9$ ! same views z ^? ,mr4 ,scott 0 !n prea*+ 9 t place = ! fir/ "t1 b 0 n aw>e ( ! fact t any "o agre$ ) him4 ,he 0 "u ! impression t all ! *ur*es--8 own among ! numb]--_h dep>t$ f ! pla9 tea*+s ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,he _h discov]$1 "s "t be=e1 t infant baptism 0 n taught 9 ! ,bible1 &1 consequ5tly1 t he 0 n a baptiz$ man2 ! act ( baptism seem$ also to him to h be5 *ang$1 & he s\ght 8 pa/or1 & ask$ to be imm]s$4 ,8 pa/or endeavor$ to conv9ce him t he 0 wrong1 b f9d+ t he c\ld n be turn$ f 8 purpose1 he propos$ to imm]se him privately1 le/ o!rs ( 8 flock might be unsettl$ 9 _! m9ds by 8 s do+1 & clos$ by say+ t baptism 0 n ess5tial to salvation4 ,mr4 ,am5d reg>d$ ev]y?+ t ,*ri/ _h orda9$ z be+ ess5tial1 & repli$ t he %\ld n imm]se him at all2 t he w\ld wait until he f\nd a man :o believ$ ! gospel1 & :o c\ld1 )\t any scruple1 adm9i/] ! ord9ance z he conceiv$ x to be taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,he 0 invit$ a day or two be=e to he> ,mr4 ,scott1 b kn[+ no?+ ( 8 views1 he suppos$ t he prea*$ mu* z o!rs did1 b agre$ to g & he> him4 ,x 0 ne> ! close ( ! s]vices :5 he rea*$ ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* & jo9$ ! cr[d at ! door1 :o 7 unable to get into ! h\se4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce he he>d ar\s$ & excit$ him2 x s\nd$ l ! gospel :i* he _h read ) su* int]e/ at home1 b nev] _h he>d f ! pulpit be=e4 ,he n[ felt a great anxiety to see ! man :o 0 speak+ s mu* l ! oracles ( ,god1 & press$ ?r\gh ! ?rong into ! h\se4 ,mr4 ,dibble1 ! cl]k ( ! *ur*1 saw him ent]1 & kn[+ t he _h be5 seek+ & long+ to f9d a man :o w\ld prea* z ! ,^w ( ,god read1 ?\ght )9 himself1 ,_h ,mr4 ,am5d be5 "h dur+ all ?is disc\rse ,i feel sure t he w\ld h f\nd :at he has s long s\ght 9 va94 ,i wi% ! prea*] w\ld repeat :at he said be=e he came 94 ,greatly to 8 surprise ,mr4 ,scott did give a brief review ( ! v>i\s po9ts ( 8 disc\rse1 insi/+ t ! ,^w ( ,god meant :at x said1 & urg+ 8 he>]s to tru/ t ,^w implicitly4 ,he rehe>s$ aga9 ! ,j]usalem sc5e1 call$ att5tion to ! e>ne/1 anxi\s cry ( ! multitude1 & ! com=t+ reply ( ! apo/le1 ,rep5t ye1 & be baptiz$ e "o ( y 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ unto ! remission ( y\r s9s2 & ye %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,he invit$ any "o pres5t :o believ$ ) all 8 he>t to yield to ! t]ms propos$ 9 ! words ( ! apo/le1 & %[ by a will+ ob$i5ce 8 tru/ 9 ! ,"l ( life & glory4 ,mr4 ,am5d press$ 8 way ?r\gh ! cr[d to ! prea*] & made kn[n 8 purpose2 made a public confession ( 8 fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god & express$ 8 desire to obey him1 at once1 & on ! same day1 9 a beautiful1 cle> /ream :i* fl[s on ! s\!rn bord] ( ! t[n1 9 ! pres5ce ( a great multitude1 he 0 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ = ! remission ( s9s4 7,life ( ,walt] ,scott1 pages #ajd-ajh47 ,f t day ! meet+ cont9u$ ) increas+ int]e/4 ,sev5te5 p]sons1 he>+1 believ$1 & 7 baptiz$4 ,! :ole community 0 ar\s$ & began to se>* ! scriptures1 "s 9 ! same _s ( ! ,b]eans ( old to see :e!r ^! ?+s 7 s2 o!rs ) no high] purpose ?an to file objections to t :i* 0 s boldly proclaim$1 & _m ( ^! 7 =c$ to admit t if ! tea*+ 7 false ! ,bible c\ld n be true1 = ! prea*] c\ld read ev]y?+ t 0 dem&$ f ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,x 0 a =tunate ?+ t a man ) su* an unsulli$ "* & reputation z t ( ,mr4 ,am5d %\ld be ! fir/ to r5d] ob$i5ce to ! apo/olic tea*+ at ,new ,lisbon4 ,he 0 a man ) m ?an ord9>y intellig5ce1 & 8 scriptural k 0 f> beyond t ( mo/ m5 9 8 /ation 9 life4 ,8 action 0 n ! result ( an impulse produc$ by ,mr4 ,scott's disc\rse1 = t he _h n he>d2 b f a c>eful /udy ( ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,he 0 n aw>e ( ! fact t !re 0 ano!r p]son 9 ! _w :o held simil> views to 8 own4 ,al?\gh ,mr4 ,scott 0 pleas$ ) ! initial success1 x 0 /ill a my/]y to him :y 8 fir/ disc\rse _h fail$ to conv9ce any "o1 & t at ! close ( ! second1 ,mr4 ,am5d1 :o _h he>d nei!r ( !m1 %\ld come =w>d s intellig5tly2 h5ce he wrote a lett] reque/+ him to /ate ! facts :i* induc$ him to respond to ! invitation s promptly1 to :i* he repli$3 ,n[1 my bro!r1 ,i w answ] y\r que/ions4 ,i 0 baptiz$ ,novemb] #ah1 #ahbg1 & ,i w relate to y a circum/ance :i* occurr$ a few days be=e t date4 ,i _h read ! second *apt] ( ,acts :5 ,i express$ myself to my wife z foll[s3 ,oh1 ?is is ! gospel--?is is ! ?+ we wi%--remission ( our s9s6 ,oh1 t ,i c\ld he> ! gospel 9 ^! same words--z ,pet] prea*$ x6 ,i hope ,i %all "s day he> x2 & ! fir/ man ,i meet :o w prea* ! gospel ?us1 ) him w ,i g4 ,s1 my bro!r1 on ! day y saw me come into ! meet+-h\se1 my he>t 0 op5 to receive ! ,^w ( ,god1 & :5 y cri$1 ,! scriptures no long] %all be a seal$ book4 ,god means :at he says4 ,is !re any man :o w take ,god at 8 ^w1 & be baptiz$ = ! remission ( s9s8 at t mom5t my feel+s 7 su* t ,i c\ld h cri$ out1 ,glory to ,god6 ,i h f\nd ! man = :om ,i h long s\ght4 ,s ,i ent]$ ! k+dom :]e ,i readily laid hold ( ! hope set be=e me4 7,life ( ,walt] ,scott1 page #aac47 ,)9 ?ree weeks aft] ! close ( ! meet+ at ,new ,lisbon1 ,mr4 ,scott return$ & f\nd ! int]e/ !re great] ?an :5 he left1 & sev5 o!rs 7 baptiz$4 ,soon aft] ?is he visit$ !re aga91 & baptiz$ m ?an ?irty o!rs4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* gladly accept$ ! tru?1 & resolv$ t !nce=? ! ,bible %\ld be _! only rule ( fai? & practice4 ,! ice 0 n[ brok51 & a new era 0 inaugurat$ :i* 0 m>k$ by a quiet ?\ghtfulness1 & an unwont$ se>*+ ( ! ,scriptures1 :e!r ^! ?+s 7 s1 & a f9al decision to obey ! p]sonal ,*ri/1 express$ 9 public confession ( fai? 9 ,*ri/ & baptism4 ,! c\ntry 0 ar\s$ z nev] be=e4 ,! conv]sion ( ,mr4 ,am5d confirm$ ,mr4 ,scott 9 8 conviction t ! way prea*$ & practic$ by ,god's inspir$ mess5g]s at ,p5teco/ 0 ! "r way4 ,8 labors & success ar\s$ mu* inquiry & great opposition1 & ! wilde/ rumors 7 circulat$ conc]n+ 8 prea*+ & "w4 ,! int]e/ 9 ! public m9d swell$ to a torr5t :i* swept ev]y?+ be=e x4 ,n only individuals by ! hundr$s became ob$i5t to ! fai?1 b (t5 entire congregations w\ld :eel into l9e ) ! anci5t ord] ( ?+s4 ,bapti/ congregations vot$ out ! ,philadelphia ,confession ( ,fai? & sub/itut$ ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 its place4 ,& n only ! ,bapti/s1 b ,presbyt]ians1 ,univ]sali/s1 ,lu!rans1 ,*ri/ian ,connectioni/s1 ,me?odi/s1 & ,episcopalians 9 l>ge numb]s 7 rea*$4 ,! ,de]field ,me?odi/ ,*ur* came 9 z a :ole4 ,exagg]at$ reports conc]n+ ! tea*+ & practice ( ,mr4 ,scott rea*$ ,mr4 ,campbell & he became fe>ful le/ 8 zeal & y\?ful inexp]i5ce %\ld lead him into s]i\s error4 ,he !re=e decid$ t x w\ld be well = 8 fa!r1 ,?omas ,campbell1 to visit 8 field ( labor & asc]ta9 ! tru? conc]n+ ! /ate ( affairs4 ,^u arriv+1 he he>d ,mr4 ,scott's pres5tation ( ! gospel & witness$ 8 me?od ( proc$ure ) surprise & great pleasure4 ,x at once became app>5t to him t :at he & 8 son _h taught 0 n[ r$uc$ to practice1 & t ! rumors t _h rea*$ him 7 untrue4 ,he !re=e rema9$ 9 ?is promis+ field "s "t1 & by 8 e>ne/ & effici5t labors gave great assi/ance to ! "w4 ,on ,april #i1 #ahbh1 f ,new ,lisbon1 he wrote to 8 son giv+ 8 impressions ( ! "w1 z foll[s3 ,i p]ceive t !ory & practice 9 religion1 z well z 9 o!r ?+s1 are matt]s ( di/9ct consid]ation4 ,x is "o ?+ to "k ! art ( fi%+--= in/ance ! rod1 ! l9e1 & ! hook1 & ! bait1 too2 & q ano!r ?+ to h&le !m dextr\sly :5 ?r[n into ! wat]1 s z to make x take4 ,we h spok5 & long kn[n ! =m] 7! !ory71 & h spok5 & publi%$ _m ?+s correctly conc]n+ ! anci5t gospel1 its simplicity & p]fect adaptation to ! pres5t /ate ( mank9d1 = ! b5ign & graci\s purpose ( 8 imm$iate relief & complete salvation2 b ,i mu/ confess t1 9 respect to ! direct exhibition & application ( x = t bless$ purpose1 ,i am at pres5t = ! fir/ "t ^u ! gr\nd :]e ! ?+ has appe>$ to be practically appli$ to ! prop] purpose4 ,compel !m to come 91 sai? ! ,"l1 t my h\se may be fill$4 ,mr4 ,scott has made a bold pu% to accompli% ?is object1 by simply & boldly /at+ ! anci5t gospel1 & insi/+ ^u x2 & !n by putt+ ! "q g5]ally & p>ticul>ly to male & female1 old & "y3 ,w y come to ,*ri/ & be baptiz$ = ! remission ( y\r s9s & ! gift ( ! ,holy ,_s8 ,don't y believe ?is bless$ gospel8 ,!n come away4 ,?is elicits a p]sonal conv]sation2 "s confess fai? 9 ! te/imony1 beg "t to ?9k2 o!rs cons5t1 give _! h& to be baptiz$ z soon z conv5i5t2 o!rs debate ! matt] fri5dly2 "s g /raight to ! wat]1 be x day or night1 & ^u ! :ole none appe> (f5d$4 7,life ( ,walt] ,scott1 pages #aeh1 #aei47 ,by ! end ( ! fir/ ye> _m langui%+ *ur*es _h be5 br\ght into liv+ activity1 _m new ones _h be5 organiz$1 & a ?\s& p]sons _h be5 baptiz$ into ,*ri/4 ,mr4 ,scott 0 unanim\sly *os5 to cont9ue 9 ! "w1 & he cons5t$1 /ipulat+ only t he %\ld h ,william ,hayd51 a zeal\s "y prea*] & sweet s+]1 to assi/ him4 ,b 8 second ye> 0 "o ( great conflict4 ,by ?is "t1 ^? b\nd by sect>ian traditions began to realize if ,scott 7 all[$ to cont9ue prea*+ :at !y call$ h]esy unoppos$ z he _h be5 all[$ to d dur+ ! prec$+ ye>1 sect>ianism 0 doom$1 h5ce ! opposition became extremely fi]ce4 ,t y may h "s idea ( ! conflict t ensu$ all ov] ! c\ntry1 ,i give a brief hi/ory ( ! introduction ( ! anci5t gospel at ,%>on1 ,pa4 ,j a %ort di/ance ov] ! /ate l9e 9 ,ohio1 ! ,bapti/ *ur*es at ,w>r5 & ,hubb>d _h accept$ x almo/ 9 a body1 s g5]ally inde$1 t bo? h\ses ( wor%ip pass$ quietly out ( ! h&s ( ! ,bapti/s2 & 9 ! case at ,w>r51 n only ! great] "p ( ! congregation1 b ! prea*] also accept$ ! tru? s ably & eloqu5tly urg$ by ,scott1 & became himself an e>ne/ & successful advocate ( ! same4 ,"s ( ! ,bapti/s _h he>d ( ! great *anges t _h tak5 place 9 ! two *ur*es m5tion$2 "s ( ! memb]s _h ev5 gone s f> z to visit !m1 & c\ld f9d no well-f\nd$ objections to :at !y _h he>d /igmatiz$ z h]esy2 nay1 x ev5 seem$ to !m l ! ?+s !y _h read 9 ! ,bible2 & "s ( !m w5t s f> z to sit d[n at ! ,"l's table ) !m4 ,su* an elem5t 9 ! *ur*1 ( c\rse1 soon made itself felt4 ,! ,scriptures 7 closely se>*$1 & ! light began to spread4 ,suspicion 0 ar\s$--0 ! hat$ h]esy ab\t to break out among !m & de/roy _! peace8 ,sev]al 7 soon m>k$ m52 ! views !y held 7 assail$ & l\dly condemn$1 :5 "s "o sugge/$ t1 z x 0 n ! cu/om to condemn )\t a he>+ 9 anci5t "t1 !y _h bett] s5d = ! public advocates ( ! new doctr9e & le>n ! be/ or wor/ at once4 ,?is sugge/ion prevail$ & ,scott & ,b5tly 7 invit$ to prea* at ,%>on4 ,!y came & ,scott prea*$ e night = ?ree weeks4 ,! curiosity :i* at fir/ *>act]iz$ _m :o att5d$ soon deep5$ into s9c]e int]e/1 & "s began to inquire1 ,bre?r51 :at %all we d8 ,! inspir$ answ] 0 giv51 &1 9 response to ! gospel invitation1 sev]al p]sons pres5t$ !mselves & 7 imm$iately1 on a confession ( _! fai? 9 ,*ri/ z ! ,son ( ,god1 baptiz$4 ,%ortly aft] ?is meet+ clos$ ! cry 0 rais$ t :at _h be5 done 0 n accord+ to ,bapti/ usage4 ,^? :o _h be5 baptiz$ _h n be5 requir$ to relate an exp]i5ce ( grace prior to baptism1 & ! *ur* _h n be5 all[$ to pass on _! fitness = memb]%ip1 & s !y 7 n receiv$ z memb]s4 ,b !re 0 ano!r s]i\s tr\ble t c\ld n be s easily settl$4 ,!y c\ld refuse to receive into _! fell[%ip ^? baptiz$ by ,mr4 ,scott2 b :at 0 to be done ) ^? :o receiv$ ) gladness ! message deliv]$ by him z ! ^w ( ,god8 ,"s ( ^! 7 ! mo/ influ5tial memb]s1 & to make ! case m p]plex+1 7 tol]ant ( ! views held by ! ,bapti/s4 ,z !y _h =m]ly held ! same1 !y desir$ t ! o!rs %\ld see z !y did2 b !y did n attempt to =ce _! views ^u ! *ur*2 !y wi%$ to hold !m 9 peace1 h[ev]1 b at ! same "t did n want to be b\nd by ! cre$ & *ur* articles4 ,all ?is class sympa?iz$ ) ^? :o _h be5 refus$ memb]%ip4 ,9 _! view1 if ! ,"l1 z !y believ$1 _h accept$ !m1 :y %\ld ! *ur* reject !m8 ,^? :o 7 /ill atta*$ to ! ,bapti/ views 7 ( a diff]5t _s4 ,& !y 7 fully det]m9$ t all :o ev5 sympa?iz$ ) ^? :om !y reg>d$ z h]etics %\ld ei!r rep5t or be exclud$ f _! fell[%ip4 ,?is naturally produc$ s]i\s tr\ble1 & _m ( ! lead+ memb]s left ! *ur* & ca/ _! lot ) ^? endeavor+ to re/ore ! apo/olic *ur*4 ,b ! opposition only /irr$ ! evangeli/s to great] zeal & p[]1 & creat$ = !m a sympa?y :i* op5$ ! doors to ?\s&s ( he>ts hi!rto clos$ to _! message4 ,l fight+ fire 9 ! /ubble1 ! /roke ( ! flail only increas$ ! flame4 ,?r\gh\t ! c\ntry !y w5t turn+ ! c\ntry upside d[n1 l ! apo/les ( old4 ,s great 0 _! influ5ce t1 :5 ! ,mahon+ ,association met 9 #ahcj1 x disb&$1 & ceas$ its connection ) ! ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 t *ur* hav+ repudiat$ all :o 7 set = a return to apo/olic simplicity4 ,! ?ree ye>s sp5t by ,mr4 ,scott 9 ! ,we/]n ,res]ve2 ! great audi5ces t greet$ him1 & ! m>vel\s success t cr[n$ 8 labors1 /imulat$ 8 f]v5t nature to ! highe/ & drew f 8 ri* s\l ! r>e/ weal?4 ,8 m9d 0 fill$ ) tru?1 & 8 ?\ght 0 illum9at$ ) ! f9e/ imag]y4 ,he knew ! ,bible z few m51 & lov$ x ) a passionate love4 ,8 life 0 :olly giv5 to ! ,savior1 & nev] 0 a sacrifice m unres]v$ly made4 ,no wond] t a prea*] l ?is %\ld revolutionize ! he>ts ( m54 ,,re=m]s ,,9 ,,o!r ,,/ates ,,john ,,wright ,9 our /udy s f> we h le>n$ ( sev]al indep5d5t movem5ts1 9 widely sep>at$ localities1 mak+ /r5u\s ef=ts to ?r[ (f ! %ackles ( sect>ianism & to /& :olly on apo/olic gr\nd1 & x is fitt+ t ,i %\ld give a brief sket* ( o!rs4 ,john ,wright 0 born 9 ,r[an ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,decemb] #ab1 #aghe4 ,:5 he 0 ab\t twelve ye>s old 8 fa!r mov$ into ,p[ell's ,valley1 ,va41 :]e he grew to manhood4 ,f ,virg9ia ! :ole family emigrat$ to ,wayne ,c\nty1 ,ky41 :]e he 0 jo9$ 9 m>riage to ,miss ,nancy ,beel]1 :o prov$ to be a mo/ excell5t helpmeet1 ev] ready ) him to make any sacrifice = ! cause ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( #ahjg1 he mov$ f ,k5tucky into ,cl>k's ,grant1 ,indiana4 ,9 ,augu/1 #ahjh he & 8 wife 7 baptiz$ by ,william ,summ]s1 & !y imm$iately unit$ ) ! ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 & 9 ! latt] "p ( ! same ye> he began to prea*4 ,?is 0 long be=e ! curr5t ,re=mation 0 he>d ( by ! inhabitants ( ! ,we/4 ,he 01 !re=e among ! v fir/ to break ! /illness ( ,indiana's =e/ ) ! glad tid+s ( salvation4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahaj1 he mov$ to ,blue ,riv]1 f\r miles s\? ( ,salem1 & 0 %ortly aft]w>ds jo9$ by 8 fa!r1 :]e !y organiz$ a congregation ( ,free-,w ,bapti/s4 ,!y ex]t$ great influ5ce 9 behalf ( ,*ri/ianity1 & x 0 n long until !y _h organiz$ t5 ,bapti/ ,*ur*es :i* !y organiz$ into :at 0 call$ ,blue ,riv] ,association4 ,f ! v fir/1 ,john ,wright 0 ( ! op9ion t all human cre$s 7 h]etical & s*ismatical1 & 9 t region !re has n come aft] him a m p]si/5t cont5d] = ! ^w ( ,god z ! only & all-suffici5t rule ( fai? & practice4 ,he labor$ to de/roy all divisions & promote union among all pr(ess$ foll[]s ( ! ,"l2 & 9 ?is difficult & mo/ important s]vice he 0 v successful4 ,?\gh at fir/ he tol]at$ ! "n ,bapti/1 he aft]w>ds wag$ a w> ( ext]m9ation aga9/ all p>ty names4 ,?is w> 0 decl>$ 9 ! ye> #ahai1 :5 he (f]$ at ! *ur* at ,blue ,riv] a resolution 9 favor ( disc>d+ all p>ty names4 ,z individuals1 he cont5d$ t !y %\ld be call$ fri5ds1 disciples1 bre?r51 sa9ts1 ,*ri/ians2 &1 z a body1 ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 or ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,he oppos$ ! t]m ,*ri/ian z appli$ to ! *ur*1 because x is n s appli$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! apo/les4 ,! resolution 0 adopt$1 &1 hav+ agre$1 also1 to lay aside _! speculative op9ions & contradictory !ories1 !y 7 prep>$ to plead consi/5tly = ,*ri/ian union1 & to invite o!rs to /& ) !m ^u ! "o broad & sure f\ndation4 ,!y !n began 9 e>ne/ ! "w ( re=mation1 & ) su* success t by ! ye> #ahba !re 0 n a ,bapti/ ,*ur* 9 all t region4 ,ab\t ?is "t a spirit$ controv]sy ov] ! subject ( ,tr9e ,imm]sion 0 be+ wag$ among ! ,tunk]s1 ( :om !re 7 fifte5 congregations 9 t section ( c\ntry4 ,! lead+ spirits 9 opposition to t doctr9e 7 ,abram ,k]n1 ( ,indiana1 & ,pet] ,hon1 ( ,k5tucky4 ,at fir/ !y cont5d$ aga9/ great odds1 b s _m ( _! oppon5ts f9ally surr5d]$ t !y f9ally ga9$ a decisive victory 9 favor ( "o imm]sion4 ,at ! close ( ! conte/1 :ile bo? p>ties 7 exhau/$ by ! conflict1 ,mr4 ,wright recomm5d$ to 8 bre?r5 t !y %\ld s5d a lett] to ! ,annual ,conf]5ce ( ! ,tunk]s1 propos+ a union ( ! two bodies on ! ,bible alone4 ,! lett] 0 writt5 & ,john ,wright1 8 bro!r1 ,pet]1 & sev]al o!rs1 7 appo9t$ z mess5g]s to convey x to ! conf]5ce & !re advocate ! measures x propos$4 ,s successful 0 ! ef=t t at ! fir/ meet+ ! union 0 p]man5tly =m$4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,mr4 ,wright propos$ a correspond5ce ) ! ,newlights1 = ! purpose ( =m+ ) !m a m p]fect union4 ,he 0 appo9t$ to conduct ! correspond5ce on ! "p ( 8 bre?r51 :i* he did ) s mu* ability & discretion1 t a jo9t meet+ 0 assembl$ at ,ed9burg1 :]e ! union 0 readily consummat$4 ,a few ye>s subsequ5t to ?is1 ! "w ( re=mation began to progress rapidly among ! ,regul> ,bapti/s ( ! ,silv] ,creek ,association4 ,?is 0 directly ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,absolom & ,j4 ,t4 ,littell1 & ,mordecai ,cole1 ! lead+ spirits ( t locality4 ,?r\gh _! tea*+ hundr$s ( individuals & "s :ole *ur*es r5\nc$ all human cre$s & boldly took a /& on ! ,bible alone4 ,b /ill !re 0 a %yness exi/+ betwe5 !m & ^? :o _h done ! same ?+ "u ! labors ( ,mr4 ,wright4 ,! =m] hav+ held ,calv9i/ic op9ions1 /ood alo( ?r\gh fe> ( be+ call$ ,arians2 :ile ! latt] fe>$ to make any advances le/ !y %\ld be /igmatiz$ z ,campbellites4 ,?us ! two p>ties /ood :5 ,mr4 ,wright became _! m$iator communicat+ ! s5tim5ts ( ea* to ! o!r4 ,by ?is means x 0 soon asc]ta9$ t !y 7 all endeavor+ to prea* & practice ! same ?+4 ,! only important diff]5ce betwe5 !m 0 9 reg>d to ! design ( baptism1 & on ?is po9t ,mr4 ,wright yield$ z soon z he 0 conv9c$ ( 8 error4 ,?is move result$ 9 ! p]man5t union ( ^! two l>ge & influ5tial bodies ( believ]s4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is ef=t at peace mak+1 m ?an ?ree ?\s& unit$ 9 ! bonds ( peace1 agree+ to /& toge!r on ! "o f\ndation & to =get all m9or diff]5ces 9 _! devotion to ! great int]e/s ( ! ,r$eem]'s k+dom4 ,?is 0 ! greate/ a*ievem5t ( ,mr4 ,wright's long & ev5tful life2 & he des]ves to be held 9 high e/eem = 8 love ( tru?1 = 8 moral c\rage 9 c>ry+ out 8 convictions ( "r1 & = ! meek & affectionate _s :i* gave him su* p[] 9 lead+ p out ( sect>ianism & unit+ !m toge!r 9 ! bonds ( love 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,,h]man ,,*ri/ian ,,da%] ,! p>5ts ( ,h]man ,*ri/ian ,da%] came to ?is c\ntry f ,salzburg1 ,g]many1 to escape ! p]secution ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & locat$ ne> ,savannah1 ,georgia4 ,!y 7 ,lu!rans & _h ,h]man *ri/5$ 9 infancy & br\ght up 9 t fai?4 ,:5 he arriv$ at manhood & began to be impress$ ) ! importance ( unit+ ) a *ur*1 & ( liv+ ! ,*ri/ian life1 he 0 deeply p]plex$ by ! exi/5ce1 & by ! proclaim+ ( s _m contradictory doctr9es4 ,=tunately1 in/ead ( becom+ an infidel1 z s _m d "u l circum/ances1 he turn$ to ! ,holy ,scriptures = light4 ,he soon became ?or\ghly conv9c$ t imm]sion is baptism1 & t affusion is n1 & t !re=e he ought to be imm]s$4 ,he c\ld n ca/ 8 lot ) ! ,bapti/s1 z he c\ld n tell an exp]i5ce ( grace :i* !y requir$1 = he _h se5 no m>vel\s light1 nei!r _h he he>d any m>vel\s s\nds4 ,he 0 by no means conv9c$ t ,god _h = ,*ri/'s sake =giv5 8 s9s1 ?\gh he did n !n und]/& ! doctr9e ( baptism = remission ( s9s1 z he aft]w>ds did2 nor did he ?9k t ,god dem&$ any su* exp]i5ce z a pr]equisite to baptism & *ur* memb]%ip4 ,b he desir$ mo/ e>ne/ly to become a ,*ri/ian1 believ+ 9 8 he>t t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 ! ,savior ( s9n]s4 ,?is br\ght be=e him a new difficulty1 = )9 ! :ole range ( 8 acqua9tance1 !re 0 n "o :o w\ld imm]se him on a simple confession ( 8 fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,all dem&$ t he %\ld pr(ess to h a miracul\s & my/]i\s "w ( ! ,holy ,_s )9 him1 9 tak+ away 8 he>t ( /one & giv+ him a he>t ( fle%4 ,provid5tially1 ab\t ?is "t1 :ile he 0 mo/ e>ne/ly engag$ 9 /udy+ ! ,bible1 he 0 ?r[n into ! company ( a ,mrs4 ,?readcraft1 ( ,savannah1 :o in=m$ him t 9 h] city a ,mr4 ,s4 ,c4 ,dunn+1 :o _h =m]ly be5 a ,bapti/ prea*]1 b _h rec5tly sec$$ f t body1 because he did n believe x taught & practic$ z ! ,^w ( ,god requir$4 ,9 ?is movem5t he _h be5 accompani$ by eight or t5 o!rs4 ,?is lady fur!r in=m$ him t ,mr4 ,dunn+ prea*$ ! ,scriptures z he did1 & t at 8 h&s he c\ld obta9 baptism ^u a simple confession ( 8 fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! ,son ( ,god4 ,?is in=mation fill$ him ) su* great joy t he did n delay 9 mak+ ! j\rney into ,savannah to see ,mr4 ,dunn+1 :o baptiz$ him )\t fur!r delay4 ,?is 0 dur+ ! ye> #ahai4 ,imm$iately aft] return+ to 8 home he imm]s$ 8 wife1 h] si/] & h] husb&4 ,^! cont9u$ /eadfa/ly 9 ! apo/les' tea*+ & fell[%ip1 9 ! break+ ( bread & ! pray]s1 meet+ e ,"l's ,day 9 ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,da%]4 ,! little *ur* grew & prosp]$1 be+ occasionally visit$ by ,mr4 ,dunn+1 :o assi/$ 9 build+ x up by 8 tea*+ & exhortations4 ,"s "t aft] ?is1 ,mr4 ,da%]1 accompani$ by a numb] ( ! memb]s ( ! *ur*1 mov$ into ,l[ndes ,c\nty1 & locat$ :]e ! city ( ,valdo/a n[ /&s4 ,9 ?is new field he cont9u$ ! "w ( prea*+ ! ^w & built up a congregation :i* met 9 8 own resid5ce4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! "w 9 ,valdo/a & ! region ar\nd ab\t4 ,x 0 _m ye>s aft] ! baptism ( ,mr4 ,da%] be=e he knew t !re 7 any o!rs 9 any place cont5d+ = ! tru? z is 9 ,jesus1 z he & ^? associat$ ) him 7 do+4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,*ri/ians ,,& ,,re=m]s ,,unite ,a new p]iod has n[ dawn$ 9 ! movem5t = ! union ( all ,*ri/ians by ! re/oration ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,bapti/s _h ?ru/ f _! fell[%ip ^? :o _h embrac$ x & !y 7 =c$ into a sep>ate exi/5ce4 ,e prea*] among !m 0 fill$ ) a zeal to plant *ur*es aft] ! primitive ord] :]ev] !y c\ld get a l>ge en\gh company toge!r4 ,! "w spread pr9cipally f two c5t]s1 ,ohio & ,k5tucky4 ,f ,ohio x 0 c>ri$ into ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania2 & we/w>d into ,mi*igan1 nor!rn ,ohio1 & ,indiana1 & ,wiscons94 ,f ,k5tucky x 0 c>ri$ ea/w>d & s\?w>d into ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 ! ,c>ol9as1 ,t5nessee1 & ,alabama2 & we/w>d into ,indiana1 ,ill9ois & ,miss\ri4 ,! movem5t spread *iefly 9 a we/w>d direction f ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee along ! l9es ( emigration4 ,v (t5 a suffici5t numb] ( emigrants to e/abli% !mselves into a congregation aft] ! primitive ord] f\nd !mselves toge!r 9 ! same neighborhood & began at once to meet toge!r = mutual edification & ! spread ( ! tru?4 ,:ile x 0 well kn[n t !re 7 _m ?+s receiv$ & practic$ 9 common !re _h be5 no special ef=t to br+ ab\t a union betwe5 !m4 ,9 #ahbd1 at ,georget[n1 ,ky41 ,mr4 ,/one & ,mr4 ,campbell fir/ met4 ,:5 !y comp>$ views1 x seem$ t !re 7 irreconcilable diff]5ces betwe5 !m4 ,/one ?\ght ,campbell 0 het]odox on ! ,holy ,_s1 & ,campbell suspect$ ,/one's s\ndness on ! div9ity ( ,*ri/4 ,b on a m c>eful inve/igation1 !y f\nd ^! diff]5ces m imag9>y ?an real1 & !y jo9$ he>ts & h&s & ,god bless$ !m ) ! mo/ important "w s9ce ! apo/olic age4 ,) ! k9dly feel+s t[>ds ea* o!r1 ! "w ( union betwe5 _! bre?r5 0 well on ! way :5 x 0 begun4 ,& s1 aft] a numb] ( fri5dly conf]5ces1 x 0 decid$ to h a meet+ ( repres5tative m5 at ,georget[n1 ,ky41 to cont9ue = days1 includ+ ,decemb] #be1 #ahca4 ,! results ( ?is conf]5ce 7 s satisfactory t ano!r 0 conv5$ 9 ,lex+ton1 ,janu>y #a1 #ahcb4 ,9 ^! ga!r+s ! _s ( ! ,ma/] 0 supreme4 ,at ! ,lex+ton meet+1 at an e>ly h\r ! h\se 0 cr[d$4 ,/one1 ,john ,t4 ,johnson1 ,samuel ,rog]s1 ,g4 ,w4 ,elley1 ,jacob ,crea?1 ,raccoon ,john ,smi?1 & _m o!r wor?y m5 7 !re1 all gu>d$ 9 ?\ght & purpose aga9/ any compromise ( tru?1 b all fill$ ) ! _s ( ! ,ma/]3 ,t !y may all be "o2 ev5 z ?\1 ,fa!r1 art 9 me1 & ,i 9 !e1 t !y also may be 9 u3 t ! _w may believe t ?\ did/ s5d me4 ,x 0 decid$ t "o man f ea* p>ty %\ld speak1 sett+ =? cle>ly ! gr\nds ( union1 & ,smi? & ,/one 7 select$ z ! speak]s4 ,aft] ?is _h be5 ann\nc$1 ! two bre?r5 w5t aside1 & conf]r$ 9 private4 ,nei!r knew :at ! o!r w\ld say 9 ! critical h\r :i* _h n[ come ^u ! *ur*es2 nor did ei!r1 9 ! mom5t ( solemn conf]5ce1 ask ! o!r to disclose 8 m9d1 t\*+ _! diff]5ces1 m fully ?an he _h already done4 ,x 0 decid$ betwe5 !m t ,smi? %\ld speak fir/4 ,! occasion 0 to ,smi? ! mo/ important & solemn t _h occurr$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! re=mation4 ,x 0 n[ to be se5 :e!r all t _h be5 writt5 & said & done 9 behalf ( ! simple gospel ( ,*ri/ & ! union ( ,*ri/ians 0 really ! "w ( ! ,"l1 or :e!r ! pray]s ( ,/one & ,johnson 7 b ! idle long+s ( pi\s1 yet delud$ he>ts2 :e!r ! toils & sacrifices ( ,smi? 7 b ! s*ismatic ef=ts ( a bold en?usia/1 & :e!r ! tea*+s ( ,campbell 7 only ! speculations ( a graceless & s5su\s philosophy4 ,! d5om9ations ar\nd mock$1 & decl>$ t a *ur* )\t a con/itution c\ld n /&1 & t a union )\t a cre$ 0 b ! *im]a ( a dreamy & infatuat$ h]esy4 ,at ! appo9t$ h\r1 ,smi?1 realiz+ ! trem5d\s importance ( ! occasion1 arose ) simple dignity1 & /ood be=e ! m+l+ bro!rhoods4 ,he felt ! weight t re/$ ^u him4 ,e eye turn$ ^u him1 & e e> lean$ to cat* ! slighte/ tones ( 8 voice4 ,he said3 ,god has b "o p on ! e>?4 ,he has giv5 to !m b "o ,book1 & !re9 exhorts & comm&s !m to be "o family4 ,a union su* z we plead =--a union ( ,god's p on t "o ,book--mu/ !n be practicable4 ,e ,*ri/ian desires to /& complete 9 ! :ole w ( ,god4 ,! pray] ( ! ,savior1 & ! :ole t5or ( 8 tea*+1 cle>ly %[ t x is ,god's w t 8 *ildr5 %\ld be unit$4 ,to ! ,*ri/ian1 !n1 su* a union mu/ be desirable4 ,b an amalgamation ( sects is n su* a union z ,*ri/ pray$ = & ,god enjo9s4 ,to agree to be "o ^u any sy/em ( human inv5tion w\ld be contr>y to 8 w1 & c\ld nev] be a bless+ to ! *ur* or ! _w3 !re=e ! only union practicable or desirable mu/ be bas$ on ! ,^w ( ,god z ! only rule ( fai? & practice4 ,!re are c]ta9 ab/ruse & speculative matt]s--su* z ! mode ( ! div9e exi/5ce & ! gr\nd & nature ( ! atonem5t--t h = c5turies1 be5 !mes ( discussion among ,*ri/ians4 ,^! que/ions are z f> f be+ settl$ n[ z !y 7 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! controv]sy4 ,by a ne$less & intemp]ate discussion ( !m mu* feel+ has be5 provok$1 & divisions h be5 produc$4 ,= sev]al ye>s pa/ ,i h tri$ to speak on su* subjects only 9 ! language ( inspiration1 = x c (f5d no "o to say ab\t ^? ?+s j :at ! ,"l himself has said4 ,9 ?is scriptural /yle ( spee* all ,*ri/ians %\ld be agre$4 ,x c n be wrong2 x c n d h>m4 ,if ,i come to ! passage1 ,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i1 ,i w quote x1 b w n /op to speculate ^u ! consub/antial nature ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,h ?is m9d 9 y1 :i* 0 also 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus3 :o exi/+ 9 ! =m ( ,god1 c\nt$ n ! be+ on an equality ) ,god a ?+ to be grasp$1 ,i w n /op to speculate ^u ! consub/antial nature ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,i w n l+] to build a !ory on su* texts1 & ?us enc\rage a speculative & wrangl+ _s among my bre?r54 ,i w pres5t ^! subjects only 9 ! words :i* ! ,"l has giv5 me4 ,i "k he w n be displeas$ if we say j :at he has said4 ,:atev] op9ions ab\t ^! & simil> subjects ,i may h rea*$ 9 ! c\rse ( my inve/igation1 if ,i nev] di/ract ! *ur* ( ,god ) !m or seek to impose !m on my bre?r51 !y w nev] d ! _w any h>m4 ,i h ! m *e]fully resolv$ on ?is c\rse1 because ! gospel is a sy/em ( facts1 comm&s1 & promises2 & no d$uctions or inf]5ces f !m1 h[ev] logical or true1 =ms any "p ( ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,no heav5 is promis$ to ^? :o hold !m1 & no hell is ?reat5$ to ^? :o d5y !m4 ,!y d n con/itute1 s+ly or toge!r1 any items ( ! anci5t & apo/olic gospel4 ,:ile !re is b "o fai?1 !re may be t5 ?\s& op9ions2 & h5ce if ,*ri/ians are ev] to be "o1 !y mu/ be "o 9 fai?1 & n 9 op9ion4 ,:5 c]ta9 subjects arise1 & ev5 9 conv]sation or social discussion1 ab\t :i* !re is a contr>iety ( op9ion & s5sitiv5ess ( feel+1 speak ( !m 9 ! words ( ! ,scriptures1 & no (f5se w be giv51 & no pride ( doctr9e w be enc\rag$4 ,we may ev5 come1 9 ! end1 by ?us speak+ ! same ?+s1 to ?9k ! same ?+s4 ,= sev]al ye>s pa/ ,i h /ood pl$g$ to meet ! religi\s _w1 or any "p ( x1 on ! anci5t gospel & ord] ( ?+s z pres5t$ 9 ! words ( ! ,book4 ,?is is ! f\ndation on :i* ,*ri/ians once /ood1 & on x !y c1 & ought to1 /& aga94 ,f ?is ,i c n dep>t to meet any man1 or set ( m51 9 ! _w4 ,:ile1 = ! sake ( peace & ,*ri/ian union1 ,i h long s9ce waiv$ ! public ma9t5ance ( any speculation ,i may hold1 yet n "o gospel fact1 comm&m5t1 or promise w ,i surr5d] = ! _w4 ,let u1 !n1 my bre?r51 be no long] ,campbellites or ,/oneites1 ,new ,lights or ,old ,lights1 or any o!r k9d ( lights2 b let u all come to ! ,bible1 & to ! ,bible alone1 z ! only book 9 ! _w t c give u all ! light we ne$4 ,:5 ,smi? _h conclud$1 ,/one arose1 ) 8 he>t fill$ ) love & hope1 said3 ,i w n attempt to introduce any new topic1 b say a few ?+s on ! subject pres5t$ by my belov$ bro!r4 ,controv]sies 9 ! *ur* suffici5tly prove t ,*ri/ians c nev] be "o 9 _! speculations ^u ^! my/]i\s & sublime subjects1 :i*1 :ile !y int]e/ ! ,*ri/ian philosoph]1 c n edify ! *ur*4 ,aft] we h giv5 up all cre$s & tak5 ! ,bible1 & ! ,bible alone1 z our rule ( fai? & practice1 we met ) s mu* opposition t ,i 0 l$ to deliv] "s speculative disc\rses ^u ^! subjects4 ,b ,i nev] prea*$ a s]mon ( t k9d t really fea/$ my he>t2 ,i always felt a b>r5ness ( s\l aft]w>ds4 ,i p]fectly accord ) ,bro4 ,smi? t ^! speculations %\ld nev] be tak5 into ! pulpit2 & :5 compell$ to speak ( !m at all1 we %\ld d s 9 ! words ( inspiration4 ,i h n "o objection to ! gr\nd laid d[n by him z ! true ,scriptural basis ( union among ! p ( ,god1 & ,i am will+ to give him1 n[ & "h1 my h&4 ,& z he spoke ^! words1 he ext5d$ 8 h& to ,smi?1 & x 0 grasp$ by a h& full ( ! hone/ pl$ges ( love & fell[%ip1 & ! union ( ^! two bodies 0 virtually accompli%$4 ,x 0 !n propos$ t all :o felt will+ to unite on ! pr9ciples enunciat$ %\ld signify x by giv+ to ea* o!r ! h& ( fell[%ip1 & at once ! audi5ce joyfully jo9$ h&s 9 joyful accord4 ,a song 0 sung1 &1 amid te>s ( inexpressible happ9ess1 ! union 0 confirm$4 ,foll[+ ?is meet+1 "s fur!r fri5dly conf]5ces 7 held by means ( committees1 & by arrangem5t ! memb]s ( bo? *ur*es commun$ toge!r on ,febru>y #ai1 agree+ to consummate ! =mal & public union ( ! two *ur*es on ! foll[+ ,"l's day4 ,dur+ ! week1 h[ev]1 "s began to fe> a difficulty 9 relation to ! *oice ( eld]s & ! practical adoption ( weekly communion1 :i* !y ?\ght w\ld require ! con/ant pres5ce ( an orda9$ adm9i/rator4 ,! p]son :o g5]ally m9i/]$ to ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* at ,lex+ton at ?is "t 0 ,?omas ,smi?1 a man ( m ?an ord9>y abilities & atta9m5ts1 & long associat$ ) ! movem5t ( ,b>ton ,w4 ,/one4 ,he 0 at fir/1 appreh5sive t ! propos$ union 0 premature1 & t disagreem5ts might arise 9 reg>d to que/ions ( *ur* ord]4 ,! union 0 !re=e po/pon$1 & matt]s rema9$ = a %ort "t /ation>y1 b x soon became app>5t to ! ,*ri/ians t !re 7 no exclusive privileges belong+ to ! prea*] z x conc]n$ ! adm9i/ration ( ! ord9ances1 & ,?omas ,m4 ,all51 :o enjoy$ ! e/eem & confid5ce ( ! entire bro!rhood1 induc$ !m to complete ! union & to transf] to ! new congregation1 ?us =m$ "u ! title ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/2 ! com=table *ur* h\se :i* !y _h previ\sly held "u ! designation ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,?is wise measure secur$ entire unanimity1 & ! =mal & public union 0 consummat$ on ,febru>y #bf1 z _h be5 previ\sly arrang$1 :5 !y aga9 broke bread toge!r1 & 9 t sweet & solemn communion aga9 pl$g$ to ea* o!r _! bro!rly love4 ,at ,p>is1 ,mr4 ,all5 also effect$ a union ( ! two *ur*es & ! union at ,georget[n1 ,lex+ton1 & ,p>is soon l$ to union ?r\gh\t ! /ate4 ,?is desire = unity 0 greatly fur!r$ by ! ef=ts ( ,john ,smi? & ,john ,rog]s1 :o _h be5 appo9t$ at ! ,lex+ton meet+ to visit all ! *ur*es & hold meet+s 9 conjunction ) ea* o!r4 ,_! "w 0 wond]fully successful ?r\gh\t ,k5tucky 9 unit+ ! two bodies4 ,! effect ( ?is union 0 v great on ^? :o _h nev] made any pr(ession ( religion4 ,multitudes became ob$i5t to ! fai? ?r\gh\t ,k5tucky1 & an impetus 0 giv5 to ! cause by ! union ( ! two peoples1 :i* s]v$ to illu/rate ! ov]:elm+ p[] :i* ! gospel w\ld ex]t ^u ! _w if all ! sad divisions among ^? :o claim to foll[ ,*ri/ 7 heal$4 ,! sect>ians ( ,k5tucky1 :o _h =etold a spe$y disruption ( ! union1 7 surpris$ to f9d _! prophecies unfulfill$1 & n less griev$ at ! inroads cont9ually made ^u _! own p[]1 :i*1 f ?is p]iod /eadily & rapidly decl9$4 ,x is wor?y ( m5tion t at ! "t ^! ev5ts 7 happ5+ 9 ,k5tucky1 ! _s ( union 0 prevail+ ov] sect>ianism 9 a numb] ( o!r /ates also4 ,e prea*] among !m 0 a mission>y & travel+ evangeli/4 ,?is union ( ! ,*ri/ians & ,re=m]s 0 n a surr5d] ( "o p>ty to ! o!r2 x 0 an agreem5t ( su* z already recogniz$ & lov$ ea* o!r z bre?r5 to "w & wor%ip toge!r4 ,x 0 ! union ( ^? :o held alike ! necessity ( implicit fai? & ( unres]v$ ob$i5ce2 :o accept$ ! facts1 comm&s1 & promises z set =? 9 ! ,bible2 :o conc$$ ! "r ( private judgm5t to all2 :o taught t op9ions 7 no "p ( ! fai? deliv]$ to ! sa9ts2 & :o 7 n[ pl$g$ t no speculative matt]s %\ld ev] be debat$ to ! di/urbance ( ! peace & h>mony ( ! *ur*1 b :5 compell$ to speak on controv]t$ subjects1 !y w\ld adopt ! /yle & language ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,x 0 an equal & mutual resolution to meet on ! ,bible z on common gr\nd & to prea* ! gospel r ?an to propagate op9ions4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,add$ "s entries to ! ,table ( ,cont5ts to correspond to section head+s4 --,sil5tly correct$ a few palpable typos4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4