,,mak+ ,,home ,,pr(itable  ,illu/ration3
 ,a ,,bord] ,,( ,,h>dy ,,p]5nials       
,,mak+   ,,home ,,pr(itable    ,,by     
,,kate ,v4 ,,sa9t-,,maur    ,,au?or ,,( 
8,,! ,,e>?',s ,,b\nty10 ,,etc4          
,,illu/rat$    ,new ,york   ,,/urgis    
,,walton   ,,company   #aiab            
,copyright #aijh1 #aiji1 #aiaj1 #aiaa   
,by ,,! ,,cr[ell ,,publi%+ ,,co4        
,copyright #aiab   ,by ,,/urgis         
,,walton ,,co4    ,set up & electrotyp$4
 ,publi%$ ,april1 #aiab     ,,cont5ts   
,,page    ,a ,,pr(itable ,,home         
#c    ,,p\ltry                          
#ac    ,,! ,,sitt+ ,,h5 ,,& ,,!         
,,incubator                             
#bi    ,,rais+ ,,e>ly ,,broil]s         
#ci    ,,! ,,p\ltry ,,y>d ,,9           
,,mid-,,season                          
#dg    ,,july ,,9 ,,! ,,p\ltry ,,y>d    
#ec    ,a ,,flock ,,( ,,turkeys         
#fc    ,,ducks ,,& ,,geese              
#ga    ,,pigeons ,,& ,,squabs           
#gi    ,,p\ltry ,,ailm5ts               
#hg    ,,! ,,vegetable ,,g>d5           

#ie    ,,! ,,hotb$                      
#aje    ,,h[ ,,to ,,gr[ ,,asp>agus      
#aaa    ,,h[ ,,to ,,gr[ ,,mu%rooms      
#aba    ,,six ,,good ,,vegetables ,,to  
,,gr[                                   
#abi    ,,h[ ,,to ,,plant ,,&           
,,cultivate ,,/rawb]ries                
#ace    ,,h[ ,,to ,,gr[ ,,small ,,fruits
                                        
#adc    ,,h[ ,,to ,,raise ,,p]5nial     
,,plants                                
#aea    ,,june ,,roses                  
#aeg    ,,lav5d] ,,& ,,h]bs             
#afe    ,,gr[+ ,,wat]cress              
#agc    ,,my ,,exp]i5ce ,,) ,,bees      
#agi    ,,/or+ ,,fruit ,,& ,,vegetables 
#ahg    ,,=c+ ,,rhub>b ,,& ,,asp>agus   
#aic    ,,rais+ ,,pigs                  
#aii    ,,c>+ ,,= ,,h\se ,,pets         
#bjg    ,,rais+ ,,can>ies ,,= ,,m>ket   
#bag    ,,! ,,bus9ess ,,side            
#bbc     ,,illu/rations     ,a ,bord] ( 
,h>dy ,p]5nials                         
,frontispiece                           
,,fac+ ,,page    ,! ,p\ltry ,y>d        

#dh    ,a ,flock ( ,turkeys             
#fd    ,ducks & ,geese                  
#gb    ,a ,corn] ( ! ,vegetable ,g>d5   
#if    ,mu%rooms                        
#abb    ,june ,roses                    
#aef    ,a ,cell> ,/ore-,room           
#ahf     ,,mak+ ,,home ,,pr(itable      
,,mak+ ,,home ,,pr(itable     ,a        
,,pr(itable ,,home   ,x is j sixte5 ye>s
 s9ce mis=tune br\ght ab\t our          
emancipation4 ,a disa/r\s bus9ess v5ture
 made x necess>y to curtail exp5ses4    
,r5t be+ an especially heavy item1 !    
hunt = a *eap] habitation comm5c$4      
,toil+ up & d[n innum]able /uffy        
/aircases 9 t[ ( slatt]nly janitors     
reveal$ ! fact t *eap flats 7 ei!r      
ov]-cr[d$ b>racks r$ol5t ( dirty        
soapsuds & /ale cook+1 or ov]decorat$   
cubbyholes :]e *ildr5 7 taboo$4 ,ev5+   
aft] ev5+ = two weeks ,i return$ home   
we>y & disc\rag$4  ,!n *ance1 9 ! %ape (
 a p\ltry %[1 came to my relief4 ,in/ead
 ( a *eap flat & semi-d>k rooms1 :y n a 
h\se & g>d51 :]e we c\ld h *ick5s1 eggs 

& vegetables ( our own8 ,fri5ds sc(f$2 &
 ev5 my husb&1 :o _h always jo9$ me 9   
plann+ ! ideal home ( our old age1 z a  
place f> f ! noise & ru% ( ! city1 :]e  
we c\ld indulge our love ( fl[]s &      
animals1 demurr$ at fir/1 ?\gh he       
ev5tually became imbu$ ) my en?usiasm1 &
 told me to g ahead if ,i felt equal to 
%\ld]+ ! responsibilities :i* city      
duties w\ld obvi\sly prev5t 8 %>+4  ,he 
/ipulat$ also t transportation to & f 8 
bus9ess 9 ! city1 & all o!r exp5ses1    
%\ld come )9 ! newly necess>y curtailm5t
 ( exp5ses1 :i* limit$ r5t to tw5ty-five
 doll>s a mon? & ! h\sekeep+ all[ance to
 twelve doll>s a week2 t none ( our v   
limit$ capital %\ld be risk$1 except+ "o
 hundr$ doll>s to cov] exp5se ( mov+1   
etc41 & t ev5 ?is sum %\ld be consid]$ z
 a loan4 ,to satisfy ! de> man's        
cauti\s1 mascul9e ideas ( fairness1 ,i  
took tw5ty-f\r h\rs to consid] !        
conditions1 & !n1 ) solemn1 bus9esslike 
gravity1 accept$4  ,a pa9/ak+           
adv]tisem5t 9 a ,sunday pap]1 /at+      

pla9ly t we want$ a small f>m ne> ! city
 & a railway /ation1 ! r5t n to exce$   
fifte5 doll>s a mon?1 br\ght doz5s (    
lett]s (f]+ all sorts ( places at all   
sorts ( di/ances & prices1 b only six   
real answ]s4 ,) ! writ]s ( ^! six lett]s
 ,i correspond$2 /udi$ innum]able       
railway guides2 took sev]al fruitless   
j\rneys2 hesitat$ ab\t two or ?ree      
places1 !n j /umbl$ ^u ! "r place4  ,x  
is l *oos+ a new hat or g>m5t4 ,y l t   
"o1 b ?is "o is m becom+4 ,y sudd5ly see
 some?+ else q diff]5t--hesitancy is    
ov]2 ! unconsci\s ideal is f\nd4  ,!    
h\se 0 long & l[ & :ite1 /&+ at ! end ( 
! road1 fac+ a some:at neglect$1        
old-fa%ion$ fl[] g>d51 :i* v]g$ into    
five acres ( or*>d b\nd$ by a riv]4 ,!  
man :o 0 driv+ me didn't "k to :om !    
place belong$4 ,i got out1 look$ 9 at ! 
w9d[s1 made out t !re 0 a wide hall     
?r\gh ! c5tre & two big old-fa%ion$     
fireplaces & a lot ( odd cupbo>ds4      
,outside !re 0 a wood-%$1 summ] kit*51  
small smoke-h\se1 b>n1 c[ %$1 corn-crib 

& *ick5 h\se4 ,my orig9al de/9ation 0   
=gott54 ,i 0 driv5 back to ! /ation2    
f\nd out :o ! own] 01 & :]e he liv$2    
drove ov] !re1 & asc]ta9$ t ! h\se      
conta9$ f\r l>ge rooms & "o small "o1   
kit*51 pantry & two cell>s d[n/airs1 &  
five rooms & an attic up/airs4  ,!re are
 "o hundr$ & eighty acres ( l& or m1 b !
 l&lord w\ld divide x to suit good      
t5ants1 :i* he evid5tly ?\ght we w\ld   
be1 = subsequ5tly we arrang$ to take !  
h\se1 build+s1 or*>d1 twelve acres ( f>m
 l& & f\r acres ( woodl& on a ?ree ye>s'
 lease1 at a r5tal ( fifte5 doll>s a    
mon?1 ) ! privilege ( tak+ ! rema9d] ( !
 l& at any "t dur+ our t5ancy = an extra
 five doll>s a mon?1 & an option (      
pur*ase4  ,really1 x seem$ too good to  
be true1 = x 0 )9 ! prescrib$ di/ance f 
! city & depot1 ! price ( commutation   
be+ only six doll>s a mon?4 ,! riv]1 !  
old-fa%ion$ g>d5 ) its two great catalpa
 trees %ad+ ! h\se1 & ! beauty ( !      
surr\nd+ sc5]y1 made x almo/ a          
realization ( our ideal home4 ,?ankful  

joy fill$ our he>ts ev5 be=e we _h      
exp]i5c$ ! glori\s invigoration ( an    
indu/ri\s outdoor life on ! f>m1 :]e ea*
 day br+s "s new int]e/4  ,all our goods
 & *attels1 includ+ two cats & a can>y1 
7 pack$ 9 two vans1 :i* took !m ! entire
 tw5ty-eight miles = ?irty doll>s4 ,a   
kit*5 /ove co/ ?irty-five doll>s2 ?ree  
wa% tubs1 f\r lamps & a few necess>y    
tools absorb$ ano!r tw5ty-five doll>s2 &
 ! la/ t5 ( ! hundr$ doll>s 0 sp5t 9    
/raw matt+1 :i* we divid$ betwe5 two    
b$rooms4  ,( c\rse1 ,i _h to />t at ! v 
bottom ( ! ladd]1 buy+ only ) ! money t 
,i c\ld save f week to week f my        
h\sekeep+ all[ance4 ,a few h5s1 a few   
ducks1 gradually ?r\gh ! p\ltry family1 
!n an incubator & brood]1 to ! dignity (
 a horse & c[2 aft] ^: acquisition1 !   
home became self-support+1 ! ?ird ye>   
%[+ a surplus pr(it4  ,( c\rse1 !re 7   
difficulties & tr\bles to be ov]come1 b 
!y 7 all ! direct result ( my own       
ignorance4 ,a fri5d well po/$ 9         
c\ntry-home mak+1 f :om ,i c\ld h       

acquir$ vic>i\s exp]i5ce1 w\ld h prev5t$
 mo/ ( !m4 ,h5ce my desire to pass on to
 practical lessons1 le>n$ dur+ ! la/    
sixte5 ye>s1 = ! b5efit ( o!r wom54     
,our old-fa%ion$ :ite h\se & %ady g>d5  
might n appeal to e "o1 b no matt] :at  
individual ta/e may dem& 9 ar*itecture &
 environm5t1 !re are c]ta9 po9ts :i* mu/
 be obs]v$ to insure ! heal? & happ9ess 
:i* we all desire4 ,! h\se mu/ be on    
high gr\nd1 ) good subdra9age4 ,h[ to be
 sure ( ! latt] po9t puzzl$ me1 until an
 old real-e/ate man1 9 answ] to my      
praise ( a place we 7 pass+1 said3      
8,h&some8 ,yes1 b x is a dea? trap4 ,dig
 a hole six feet deep any:]e ar\nd !    
h\se1 & 9 twelve h\rs !re w be wat] at !
 bottom ( x40  ,ne$less to say1 ?is     
place 0 n on 8 li/1 b ! h9t 0 a good "o 
& has be5 rememb]$4 ,wet mead[s & spr+  
ponds may give no anxiety1 b /agnant    
wat] is dang]\s1 = x bre$s mosquitoes & 
mal>ia4 ,=tunately1 x is g5]ally easily 
aboli%$2 an able-bodi$ man ) a %ovel c  
usually dig a gutt] to "s ne>-by fall 9 

! natural grade ( ! l& t w dra9 x4      
,mosquitoes 7 "o ( our tr\bles = two    
ye>s2 !n ?ree h\rs' "w bani%$ _!        
bre$+-gr\nd4  ,z x is a p]man5t home1 & 
n a summ] camp1 :i* is be+ select$1     
%elt] f cold w9ds is important4 ,!      
woodl& on our place protect$ b>ns1 h\se 
& or*>d4 ,if !re is no natural          
w9d-break1 & ! place is satisfactory    
en\gh o!rwise to make y contemplate buy+
 x 9 future1 x w be wise to plant out   
quick-gr[+ trees1 :i* usually c be b\ght
 = little or no?+ 9 ! c\ntry1 &         
transplant$ :5 q a good size4           
,inexp5sive c\ntry h\ses d n h furnaces1
 & l u1 y may n be able to af=d "o = a  
ye> or two4  ,we f\nd t two l>ge /oves1 
) ! pipes arrang$ to pass ?r\gh ! ceil+ 
& into radiators 9 ! rooms above1 & !nce
 into ! *imney1 w\ld heat f\r rooms4 ,! 
pipe ( ! kit*5 range c be utiliz$ 9 !   
same way4 ,/oves ) cracks & poor fire   
bricks wa/e fuel & w>m?1 s don't try to 
economise on /oves4  ,we h always us$ an
 op5 he>? 9 ! liv+-room1 because x looks

 s *e]ily com=table1 & a door at !      
opposite end ( ! room op5s into !       
d9+-room1 all[+ ! air f !re to come 91 &
 s prev5t+ ! cold backs :i* are ! usual 
drawback ( a picturesque op5 fire4  ,"o 
( ! joys ( dep5d+ on /oves is be+ able  
to regulate ! heat 9 ea* room to meet   
all conditions4 ,our ap>tm5t 9 t[n 0 ( !
 bett] class1 yet j z surely z an extra 
cold snap arriv$1 s surely did ! heat+  
app>atus get out ( ord]4 ,ano!r horror 0
 ! 8kl+-kl+0 ( ! pipes 9 ! d>k1 uncanny 
h\rs ( ! morn+1 :5 e well-regulat$ human
 be+ ought to be all[$ to sleep 9 peace4
  ,hav+ pl5ty ( wood1 we us$ :at are    
call$ 8air-tight *unk /oves0 in/ead (   
coal1 except+ 9 ! kit*54 ,& truly we h  
nev] exp]i5c$ any tr\ble 9 keep+ !      
entire h\se hot 9 ! bitt]e/ wea!r4 ,b we
 took precautions1 su* z keep+ ! putty  
ar\nd ! w9d[ panes 9 good ord]4 ,we us$ 
s&bags on ! l$ges1 mats at ! doors1 & r$
 build+ pap] 7:i* has no odor7 or sev]al
 ?icknesses ( newspap] "u ! floor cov]+4
 ,!n we op5$ mo/ ( ! w9d[s = a few      

m9utes e morn+1 & let 9 fre% air4  ,p   
rave ab\t ! pleasures ( ! c\ntry 9      
summ]1 b ,i ?9k city folks m ?or\ghly   
realise ! joys ( a c\ntry home 9 w9t]4  
,we f\nd some?+ delightfully re/ful ab\t
 ! crackl+ log fire on ! op5 he>?1 ar\nd
 :i* ! :ole family c\ld ga!r4 ,!re is a 
8hom9ess0 ab\t x t c't be f\nd by ! side
 ( a /eam radiator4 ,& c\ld any         
speciali/ prescribe a bett] panacea = a 
bus9ess man's ov]wr\ght n]ves8 ,!re1 ,i 
am lett+ my en?usiasm = c\ntry pleasure 
int]f]e ) ! practical help ,i set out to
 give4 ,& ev5 n[ ! joys ( skat+1 sleigh+
 & toboggan+ h n be5 cit$4  ,mak+ ! home
 com=table 9 hot wea!r is a v simple    
matt]4 ,a h\se has f\r sides--"o = ea*  
po9t ( ! compass--s op5 w9d[s & doors1 &
 cat* :atev] breeze !re is4 ,wire scre5s
 are *eap2 besides1 c>e 9 n all[+ g>bage
 & wat] to /& ar\nd ! premises w        
mitigate flies & mosquitoes4  ,if fate  
or y\r fancy has settl$ y 9 a new place 
m9us old trees to %ade ! lawn & por*1   
wire nett+ & wild cucumb] v9es1 :i* gr[ 

v rapidly1 w furni% a sub/itute4 ,=     
keep+ provisions ,i f\nd a well-v5tilat$
 cell> bett] ?an ! be/ refrig]ator4 ,we 
take out ! w9d[s & replace !m ) two     
?icknesses ( flannel1 :i* are ?or\ghly  
saturat$ ) wat]4 ,at noon "t on a hot   
day evaporation l[]s ! temp]ature sev]al
 degrees1 yet ! curr5t ( fre% air is n  
ob/ruct$1 z x w\ld be ) clos$ w9d[s4    
,well or spr+ wat] is usually refre%+ly 
cool1 s an ice h\se is really n         
imp]ative1 ?\gh ,i recomm5d build+ a    
small "o if ! f>m provides good ice1 = x
 is an inexp5sive build+ to con/ruct1   
r\gh bo>ds1 sawdu/ & ! ord9>y h&y man's 
labor be+ ! only requirem5ts4 ,we did n 
h "o = sev]al ye>s1 b !n we _h a        
spr+-h\se ) a /one floor & %elves1 & a  
wide gutt] runn+ all ar\nd1 ?r\gh :i* ! 
wat] f ! spr+ 0 conduct$1 keep+ ! place 
almo/ icy4  ,mod]n improvem5ts are nev] 
to be f\nd 9 inexp5sive c\ntry h\ses1 s 
we f\nd t a ba?room or "s means ( tak+  
an all-ov] scrub w\ld h to be con/ruct$ 
imm$iately4 ,we b\ght a full-siz$ t9 ba?

 tub ) a wood5 bottom = ab\t sev5       
doll>s1 & plac$ x 9 ! little room (f !  
kit*54 ,a piece ( rubb] hose 0 b\nd     
tightly to ! escape pipe ( ! ba? tub1 & 
c>ri$ ?r\gh ! wall out into a box dra91 
!nce to a b>rel t5 feet f ! h\se1 :i* _h
 no bottom1 & 0 sunk into ! gr\nd4 ,f   
!re1 ( c\rse1 ! wat] seep$ into !       
subsoil & disappe>$4  ,we ?\ght x 0 v   
f9e inde$ at fir/1 b lat]1 :5 our ideas 
& f9ances broad5$1 we replac$ x ) a     
porcela9 enamel$ tub & wa% b[l1 )       
prop]ly sold]$ wa/e pipes into a        
tile-dra9 s9k ?ree feet deep1 to prev5t 
freez+4  ,a pump ov] ! kit*5 s9k _h be5 
! only wat] supply1 b z t 0 drawn f a   
spl5did spr+ sev]al feet above ! level (
 ! h\se1 we det]m9$1 :5 inve/+ 9 a new  
ba?room outfit1 to /ret* ! purse /r+s a 
little fur!r1 & put 9 hot & cold wat]4  
,a wat]back 0 atta*$ to ! kit*5 /ove1 & 
a sixty-?ree-gallon boil] atta*$4 ,x co/
 tw5ty-two doll>s & sev5ty-five c5ts4 ,!
 ba? & bas9 co/ ?irty-eight doll>s4     
,fifty feet ( "o-&-"o-half-in* pipe1    

sev5 doll>s & fifty c5ts4 ,"o hundr$    
feet ( half-in* pipe1 six doll>s4 ,wa/e 
pipe1 two doll>s4 ,labor1 tw5ty-two     
doll>s4  ,:5 a spr+ is n conv5i5tly     
situat$1 an automatic ram & a ci/]n w h 
to be us$1 & ,i am told t !y w\ld co/   
ab\t sev5ty doll>s m4 ,ev5 ) ! new      
arrangem5t ( ! ba?room1 we reta9 ! e>?  
closet1 :i* _h be5 b\ght "s "t be=e1 at 
a co/ ( tw5ty-five doll>s4 ,x /&s ) its 
back to ! out] wall1 ?r\gh :i* a        
trap-door 0 cut1 to p]mit ! removal &   
replac+ ( pans & e>?4 ,?is is und\bt$ly 
! mo/ inexp5sive & sanit>y contrivance )
 :i* a c\ntry h\se c be furni%$4  ,!    
next com=t 0 a telephone1 :i* co/ only  
eighte5 doll>s a ye>1 includ+ local     
calls1 long-di/ance calls1 ( c\rse1 be+ 
extra *>ges4 ,t1 ) ! rural deliv]y &    
daily pap]1 br+s u /ay-at-homes 9 t\* ) 
! great do+s ( ! _w & ! little int]e/s (
 our fri5ds4  ,we des]t$ ! city 9 ,m>*1 
b exp]i5ce has taught me t ! fall is !  
be/ "t ( ! ye> 9 :i* to migrate4 ,!re   
are n s _m p look+ = c\ntry places2 !   

days are bright & cool1 ! roads 9 good  
condition1 & !re is mu* t c be done 9 ! 
g>d5 & or*>d to facilitate next spr+'s  
"w4 ,by />t+ p\ltry 9 ! fall1 "o c h    
broil]s ready to cat* ! e>ly spr+       
prices4 ,moreov]1 x is ! e>ly *ick t w  
make a good lay] ! foll[+ w9t]4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,9 ! foll[+ *apt] we w c>ry ! h\sekeep+ 
into ! p\ltry y>d1 = t is ! be/ />t+    
po9t = a self-support+ home4            
,,p\ltry   ,z p\ltry 0 ! /epp+ /one :i* 
enabl$ me to rea* ! hav5 ( a            
self-support+ home1 ,i naturally consid]
 x ! be/ f\ndation on :i* a city woman c
 build h] expectations ( rural          
prosp]ity4 ,i suppose--& ,i c]ta9ly     
hope--t e woman won't h to beg9 ) j two 
or ?ree birds1 z ,i did2 b ^? :o may h  
to1 %\ld f9d my fir/ six mon?s' exp]i5ce
 com=t+4  ,tw5ty-"o mongrel h5s 7 b\ght 
9 ?ree deta*m5ts1 co/+ fifty to         
sev5ty-five c5ts ea*4 ,!y 7 ne>ly all   
old ladies ) /rongly develop$ mat]nal   
in/9cts1 :o delight$ 9 sitt+ on eggs &  

brood+ *ick5s1 s we manag$ to re> "o    
hundr$ & =ty-eight *ick5s4 ,we _h f ?ree
 to f\r eggs a day = ! table1 because we
 desir$ to keep only ,:ite ,wy&otte h5s 
9 ! future1 & eggs = hat*+ 7 b\ght f a  
ne>-by f>m1 & co/ altoge!r six doll>s1  
fe$ = six mon?s co/ f\r doll>s1 mak+ a  
total outlay ( tw5ty doll>s & fifty     
c5ts4 ,n9ety *ick5s 7 sold z broil]s1   
realis+ tw5ty-two doll>s1 s ! actual ca%
 pr(it 0 only two doll>s4  ,b !re 0 an  
increase 9 /ock to fifty-eight pullets1 
all wor? at lea/ "o doll> & fifty c5ts  
by ! end ( ! six? mon?4 ,by ,novemb]    
#bb;d !y 7 all lay+1 ! av]age numb] (   
eggs be+ tw5ty-five a day1 :5 /rictly   
new-laid eggs 7 br++ f ?irty-five to    
fifty c5ts a doz51 a record :i* ,i ?9k  
truly ju/ifies me 9 recomm5d+ ,biddy z !
 pione] factor 9 economical home mak+4  
,ev5 well-br$1 indu/ri\s h5s mu/ h good 
conditions & c>e to be pr(itable4  ,!re 
are innum]able bre$s & v>ieties ( bre$s1
 ! mo/ popul> at pres5t be+ ,plym\?     
,rocks1 ,b>r$1 ,buff1 & ,:ite ,wy&ottes1

 ,silv]-,lac$1 ,:ite1 ,buff1 ,gold51    
,p>tridge1 & ,black2 ,rhode ,isl& ,r$s1 
:i* h a plumage some:at simil> to !     
old-fa%ion$ game bird1 & v>y only 9 hav+
 bo? rose & s+le combs2 ,m9orcas1 ,black
 & ,:ite2 ,&alusians1 ab\t ! %ade ( a   
,maltese cat1 s+le combs2 ,leghorns1    
,black1 ,br[n1 ,buff1 ,duck-,w+$1       
,silv]1 & ,:ite4  ,plym\? ,rocks &      
,rhode ,isl& ,r$s are v good birds &    
probably ! latt] w\ld be my selection1  
if any?+ c\ld p]suade me to des]t ,:ite 
,wy&ottes4 ,! *icks ( ! ?ree =ego+ are  
all /rong & easily re>$1 b ! ,wy&ottes  
make plump broil]s at a slightly e>li]  
age1 matur+ p]haps a week or two e>li]  
?an ! o!rs1 :i* are equally good roa/]s4
 ,i d n "k t !re is any mat]ial diff]5ce
 9 _! egg-produc+ capacities4           
,leghorns1 ,m9orcas & ,&alusians are mu*
 small] birds & are consid]$ to be ! egg
 ma*9es ( ! h5 family2 b obs]vation has 
conv9c$ me t !y fall f> beh9d ! ?ree    
heavi] bre$s quot$ dur+ sev]ely cold    
wea!r1 :5 eggs are mo/ valuable4 ,h5ce  

,i always recomm5d ,wy&ottes1 ,rhode    
,isl& ,r$s or ,plym\? ,rocks = g5]al    
utility 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york or     
fur!r nor?1 & ! ,leghorns1 ,m9orcas &   
,&alusians = ! ,s\!rn /ates1 especially 
:5 eggs are ! only consid]ation1 & !    
birds c h free range4 ,"o ( ! great     
drawbacks to ! latt] birds is _! ability
 to fly or climb ov] f5ces ( almo/ any  
height1 :ile ! ',dottes1 ,rocks & ,r$s  
are easily controll$ 9 y>ds t are n ov] 
f\r feet 9 height4  ,:i*ev] individual  
fancy or environm5t decide y 9 keep+1 be
 advis$ by "o :o has b\ght h] exp]i5ce3 
,don't attempt m ?an "o bre$ at a "t1 & 
%un a mix$ flock ( nondescripts1 = x    
w\ld tax ! p]spicacity ( a ,solomon to  
fe$ correctly a tribe ( mongrels4  ,(   
c\rse1 by pure-br$ birds ,i don't       
necess>ily mean exp5sive prize w9n]s4 ,t
 w\ld be fooli% extravagance4 ,b all    
l>ge p\ltry plants h :at are t]m$ 8m>ket
 /ock0 = sale 9 ! fall--! prog5y (      
ari/ocrats1 b lack+ "s necess>y po9t =  
%[-room hon\rs4 ,su* birds c be b\ght = 

ab\t a doll> & a qu>t] ea*1 & w answ] e 
practical purpose4  ,male birds ne$ n be
 b\ght until ab\t ?ree weeks be=e ! eggs
 are want$ = incubation4 ,!n1 if y\r    
*oice %\ld h be5 ,wy&ottes1 ,plym\?     
,rocks or ,rhode ,isl& ,r$s1 ea* flock (
 sev5 h5s %\ld be head$ by a cock]el4   
,leghorns1 ,m9orcas & ,&alusians c run  
fifte5 h5s to a flock4 ,! male bird %\ld
 be z good z y c af=d1 = by su* means y 
c gradually improve y\r /ock1 until x   
rea*es p]fection4 ,x is saf] to buy !   
cock]els f bre$]s f> di/ant f ! orig9al 
home ( ! h5s1 to avoid any dang] (      
relation%ip4  ,:5ev] new birds are      
b\ght1 segregate !m = a few days 9 "s   
small h\se & y>d1 to assure y\rself t !y
 are heal?y & fit associates = y\r      
birds4 ,cat* ! birds1 "o by "o1 ea*     
night1 :ile 9 qu>ant9e4 ,hold by ! feet1
 ! head d[n1 & saturate ! fea!rs ) "s   
good insect p[d] f an ord9>y fl\r dr$g]4
  ,! p\ltry h\se %\ld be :itewa%$ ab\t e
 six weeks 9 hot wea!r1 & z late & e>ly 
9 ! fall & spr+ z ! wea!r w p]mit4      

,scatt] dry e>? or s& on ! plat=m2 clean
 & r5ew e day4 ,once a week pa9t !      
corn]s ( ne/s1 roo/s & any o!r fixtures 
or r\ghly splic$ jo9ts 9 ! build+ )     
k]os5e oil & crude c>bolic acid1 mix$ 9 
! proportion ( "o p9t ( oil to half an  
ounce ( c>bolic4 ,leaves or :atev]      
scrat*+ mat]ial may be us$ on ! floor   
%\ld be rak$ out once a week 9 hot      
wea!r4 ,all clean+s %\ld be put into a  
heap "u %elt]1 or into b>rels1 = p\ltry 
dropp+s are invaluable f]tiliz] = !     
vegetable g>d54  ,dry1 cold wea!r       
doesn't hurt ! h5s at all1 b aft] w9t]  
ra9s or heavy sn[ !y %\ld be conf9$ to !
 h\se1 & unless ! wea!r is exceptionally
 inclem5t1 all ! w9d[s ?r[n op5 betwe5  
#i ,a4,m4 & #b3cj ,p4,m4 ,v /ormy days  
we keep !m op5 only :ile ! h5s are busy 
scrat*+ = ! noon supply ( corn4  ,x is !
 indu/ri\s1 busy h5 t produces ! mo/    
eggs1 s ! fir/ consid]ation is to keep !
 flock busy4 ,we promote ex]cise by hav+
 ! small y>ds at ! back ( ! h\ses       
repeat$ly dug up dur+ ! spr+ & summ]4 ,9

 ! autumn ! dry1 fall+ leaves are       
collect$1 & us$ on ! floors ( ! h\ses   
dur+ bad wea!r4 ,fre%1 cold wat] is kept
 con/antly be=e !m 9 /one vessels 9     
summ]1 & 9 a padd$-box arrangem5t 9     
w9t]4  ,boxes ( clean1 dry soil are     
plac$ 9 sunny spots 9 ! h\se1 to        
enc\rage ! birds to take ! du/ ba?s 9   
:i* !y delight4 ,h5s1 hav+ no tee? ) :i*
 to *ew _! food1 are dep5d5t on grit to 
p]=m ! (fice ( ma/ication aft] ! food   
has pass$ into ! bird's gizz>d1 :]e a   
sort ( gr9d+ process takes place1 :i*   
r$uces h>d corn to a dige/ible comp\nd4 
,be+ ne> a /one cru%]1 we buy ! f9e     
gravel by ! load4 ,^? n s =tunately     
situat$ w f9d a specially prep>$ mixture
 at any p\ltry-supply /ore1 or ! small  
flock c be suppli$ by sma%+ brok5       
crock]y & glass into pieces ab\t ! size 
( hemp se$4 ,oy/] %ell is a v poor      
sub/itute = grit1 its value be+ ! lime x
 supplies = ! =mation ( %ell4  ,f[ls are
 bett] (f kept 9 y>ds2 9 fact1 !y mu/ be
 s re/ra9$ if ! highe/ egg records are  

to be rea*$4 ,9 way back times1 x 0     
consid]$ a great detrim5t to y>d f[ls1 b
 = "s ye>s pa/ pr(essional p\ltry-keep]s
 h y>d$ _! f[ls1 because !y f\nd x 0 !  
only way to rea* ! top not*4 ,ev5 n[ !  
g5]al f>m]s /ill adh]e to ! free range  
idea1 & ,i am conv9c$ t x is n purely   
because !y ?9k x necess>y1 b x saves fe$
 & o!r bo!r4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t a     
flock ( common dunghill h5s1 su* z are  
se5 9 ! av]age f>m1 lay 9 a ye> less ?an
 a hundr$ eggs ea*4 ,! figures are      
eighty to n9ety4 ,f>m]s :o h become     
bre$]s1 & :o ?us give ! h5 decid$ly m   
consid]ation1 & /ill adh]e to ! free    
range sy/em1 h increas$ ?is yield to "o 
hundr$ & fifty & bett]4 ,bre$]s :o h    
foll[$ ! /rictly up-to-date me?ods1 & h 
y>d$ _! lay]s1 h obta9$ an av]age ( "o  
hundr$ & sev5ty-five eggs1 & "s h ev5   
rea*$ ! two hundr$ m>k4  ,please note t 
,i say f[ls or h5s1 & ,i d n mean ?is to
 include gr[+ *icks4 ,! l9e mu/ be      
di/9ctly drawn betwe5 ! two4 ,! range _c
 be too ext5d$ = gr[+ /ock4 ,:at we     

/rive = 9 gr[+ *icks is frame1 on :i*   
lat] we int5d to put fle%4 ,?is frame c 
only be built by food1 & pl5ty ( x1     
conv]t$ into bone & muscle by ex]cise4  
,aft] ! *ick has made ! frame1 we c     
safely y>d h] & put on ! fle%1 & ?us    
conv]t h] into a money-e>n+ ma*9e4  ,!  
advantages ga9$ by y>d+ /ock are        
manifold4 ,fir/ ( all1 by conf9+ /ock to
 a c]ta9 space1 we are sure !y eat !    
food provid$ & 9 ! quantity we mean !m  
to h4 ,fe$+ lay]s to produce eggs is    
becom+ e ye> a m delicate op]ation4     
,=mula aft] =mula is tri$ by diff]5t    
bre$]s1 z an exp]im5t1 ) ! hope (       
increas+ ! egg yield4 ,if we c =ce ea*  
h5 to lay t5 a ye> m1 x means a         
consid]able increase ( ! total ( !      
flock1 & a bett] return 9 doll>s & c5ts 
to ! bre$]4 ,y>d+ /ock is a means t[>d  
?is end4 ,! food f$ is conv]t$1 z we    
mean x to be1 into eggs1 & n into       
muscle4 ,x is decid$ly m tr\blesome to  
c>e = /ock 9 ?is way1 & necessitates    
additional lab\r & exp5se1 b we are     

look+ = ! increase all ! "t1 & are ?us  
cont9ually hop+ to be comp5sat$ = !     
extra tr\ble4  ,f[ls 9 y>ds mu/ be      
suppli$ ) ev]y?+ !y require1 :i* means1 
all !y w\ld naturally seek if runn+ at  
l>ge4 ,?is includes1 besides ! gra9 we  
fe$ by =mula1 gre5 food1 meat1 a scrat*+
 place & du/+ spot1 & grit & wat]4 ,(   
all ^! ,i consid] gre5 food ! mo/       
necess>y1 & ! "o ?+ to be impress$ ^u ! 
m9d1 because x is ! "o ?+ too (t5       
=gott54 ,gre5 food ( any v>iety is      
acceptable4 ,! ideal y>d+ ( f[ls is :at 
is kn[n z d\ble y>d+--a h\se 9 ! middle 
& a y>d on ea* side4 ,^! y>ds c be s[n )
 rye or oats1 & alt]nat$ s t ! f[ls w h 
a con/ant gre5 run z long z ! rye or    
oats w gr[1 :i* is until fro/4 ,fail+ ! 
d\ble y>d sy/em1 gre5 food may be       
suppli$ by lawn clipp+s1 :ole cabbage1  
clov] hay or spr\t$ oats1 f$ 9 a v>iety 
( ways4 ,turn+ up ! gr\nd ( ! y>ds ) a  
cultivator or by %all[ pl\gh+1 w br+ !  
worms & bugs )9 rea*1 or %eep heads cut 
op5 & f$ raw c be ?r[n 91 & ?is is an   

ideal meat food4 ,gr\nd beef scraps may 
be mix$ 9 ma%--& la/1 & probably ! be/1 
cut gre5 bone4  ,y>d$ f[ls ne$ ex]cise4 
,x mu/ n be und]/ood t because !y are   
conf9$ !y d n get ex]cise1 or z mu* z if
 let run at l>ge4 ,! y>ds %\ld be at    
lea/ "o hundr$ & fifty feet long1 if !y 
are ! wid? ( ! av]age coop1 :i* is t5 to
 twelve feet4 ,"s bre$s are decid$ly m  
active by nature ?an o!rs2 = in/ance1 ! 
,leghorns z comp>$ to ! ,co*9s or       
,brahmas4 ,?is does n affect ! heal? ( !
 f[ls p>ticul>ly4 ,a ,leghorn is no     
heal?i] because ( h] activity ?an a     
,co*9 is4 ,x is simply ! diff]5ce 9 _!  
natures1 b because ( ?is excess (       
activity ( "o bre$ ov] ano!r1 ! "o mu/ h
 m room ?an ! o!r4 ,! ,leghorn /&s !    
conf9em5t ( a coop t5 by twelve feet 9  
w9t]1 provid$ %e c be kept actively     
hunt+ = h] food2 b ! same bird w\ld mope
 & become out ( condition if conf9$ too 
long 9 an exhibition coop 9 a %[ room4  
,on ! o!r h&1 a ,co*91 be+ ( a lazi]    
nature1 =ages sl[ly1 & w&]s quietly ov] 

h] y>d1 takes ?+s easy 9 ! w9t] coop1 & 
/&s ! conf9em5t ( ! exhibition coop     
excell5tly4  ,! =ag+ nature ( any bre$ c
 be kill$ by excessive fe$+4 ,ev5 birds 
) free range1 if ov]f$ at special meal  
h\rs1 w take b limit$ ex]cise1 exactly z
 ^? treat$ ! same way & y>d$4 ,ex]cise  
is induc$ by %ort fe$+4 ,9 o!r words1 no
 lay+ /ra9 %\ld be f$ all !y c eat      
except at night4 ,hung] induces ex]cise1
 :e!r a f[l be let run or y>d$4 ,!re=e1 
f[ls f$ %ort & induc$ to hunt = m1 w lay
 eggs1 :ile ^? ov]f$1 9 ! morn+         
especially1 w sit ar\nd mop+ 9 ! sun1 & 
conv]t ! food into fle% in/ead ( eggs4  
,ano!r advantage ( y>d$ f[ls is !       
c]ta9ty ( f9d+ all ! eggs laid e day1 & 
!n be+ able to gu>antee !m z /rictly    
fre%4 ,?is is a po9t ( great importance1
 & con/itutes ! diff]5ce betwe5 eggs    
produc$ by an up-to-date bre$] ) y>d$   
f[ls1 & ^? sold by ! 8hone/0 f>m] :o    
collects !m :]ev] f\nd1 & _c swe> t !y 7
 laid to-day1 n two weeks ago4  ,! wise 
p\ltry keep] w n delay gett+ ?+s 9 ord] 

= ! bre$+ season4 ,new blood is necess>y
 to keep up ! vig\r ( ! flock4 ,buy !   
be/ male bird y c af=d4 ,! roo/] is m   
?an half ! flock4 ,a good bird w grade  
up "y /ock next spr+4 ,rememb] ev5 if y 
h pretty good birds ( y\r own re>+1 !re 
is dang] 9 inbre$+ = m ?an "o season4   
,select only ! l>ge/1 brighte/ h5s = !  
bre$+ p5s4 ,reject any :i* h %[n signs (
 illness at any "t ( _! lives4 ,! eggs  
are ! ma9 po9t2 only ! be/ lay]s %\ld be
 select$4 ,f sev5 to twelve birds are   
en\gh = "o flock4 ,if y hav5't ! coops1 
or a long h\se divid$ into comp>tm5ts ) 
accompany+ y>ds1 & c't divide y\r birds 
into small flocks1 adopt ! alt]nat+     
plan4 ,keep sev]al male birds 9 a h\se &
 y>d sep>at$ f ! h5s1 & let only "o run 
) ! h5s at a "t1 alt]nat+ !m e day or e 
week1 accord+ to ! numb] ( h5s4 ,=      
example1 if ,i 7 compell$ to keep fifty 
h5s 9 "o flock1 ,i w\ld keep sev5 male  
birds1 & let ea* "o 9 turn run "o day ) 
! flock1 r ?an all[ ?ree or f\r birds to
 rema9 ) ! flock all ! "t4  ,n[ is ! "t 

to ov]haul ?+s4 ,!re is no opportunity  
:5 spr+ comes1 = !n !re is always a ru%1
 & y w br+ tr\ble on y\rself by us+     
coops :i* hav5't be5 prop]ly clean$1 or 
:i* h no fa/5+s1 or h brok5 h+es or     
leaks 9 ! ro(4 ,! boys want some?+ to   
amuse !m dur+ ! w9t] ev5+s2 get !m      
int]e/$ 9 %[+ (f _! me*anical skill by  
mak+ fe$-hopp]s & dr9k+-f\nta9s4        
,self-fe$+ hopp]s save a great deal (   
food1 especially r\nd brood coops4 ,!y  
prev5t ! gra9 be+ spill$ or trampl$ into
 ! gr\nd or spoil$ by ?und] %[]s4  ,!   
br& ( tea :i* we use 9 ! h\se comes 9   
squ>e p\nd t9s1 & ^! we conv]t into     
self-fe$]s by cutt+ out two in*es ( !   
front an in* f ! bottom1 & fitt+ a slop+
 false bottom inside4 ,any h&y boy c    
look at ! picture ( a self-fe$] 9 a     
catalogue1 & make "o t w be j z         
s]viceable4 ,p\nd bak+ p[d] cans c h a  
hole ! size ( a pea cut ab\t an in* f ! 
top1 & :5 fill$ ) wat] & turn$ upside   
d[n 9 a two-in* t9 pan make capital     
little dr9k+-f\nta9s = brood coops1 &   

co/ only five c5ts = ! di%1 s !re is no 
excuse = n hav+ pl5ty ( !m1 & !y save   
*icks gett+ dr[n$ or ! wat] gett+       
defil$1 :i* is usually ! case :5 op5    
di%es are us$4 ,hav+ all ! little ?+s   
ready & 9 ord] c\nts = a lot 9 ! spr+1  
:5 ev]yone has m "w ?an he c com=tably  
d4  ,at lea/ two-?irds ( ! lett]s ,i    
receive are ab\t 8my/]i\s0 cases1 ne>ly 
all ( :i* are due to ! pres5ce ( v]m9 9 
! h\ses4 ,mo/ ( ! wom5 :o write seem to 
be horrifi$ :5 !y f9d _! h5s infe/$ by  
su* pe/s1 b my exp]i5ce has be5 t x is !
 nicely-kept1 presumably clean1 h\se &  
flock :i* is apt to be ! wor/4 ,:y1 is a
 puzzle1 unless x is t wom5 are apt to  
keep _! f[ls' home s tidily clean t "o  
nev] ?9ks ( hidd5 tr\bles1 & = t reason 
! h\se & flock are nev] dra/ically      
attack$1 z !y %\ld be1 ) eradicators &  
prev5tives4 ,&1 naturally1 ! hidd5 pe/s 
multiply undi/urb$1 & infe/ ! :ole place
 be=e _! pres5ce is suspect$4  ,few p "k
 t !re are any numb] & v>iety ( pe/s :i*
 are difficult to discov] because ( o!r 

secretive habits4 ,= in/ance1 !re is !  
deplum+ scab mite1 :i* is a v m9ute1    
vici\s pe/1 t (t5 causes h5s to be      
accus$ ( fea!r-pull+1 :5 9 reality !    
poor ?+s are only try+ to rid !mselves (
 intrud]s :o cause !m positive torture4 
,:5 a bird is notic$ to h b>e places on 
neck or back or body x is well to cat* x
 & pull out "o ( its fea!rs ne> ! b>e   
spot4 ,t5 to "o y w f9d a scaly         
collection ne> a quill4 ,rub x (f on to 
a %eet ( pap]1 & exam9e x "u a magnify+ 
glass1 & y w discov] t e gra9 t look$ l 
d&ruff is a liv+ mite4 ,ano!r t9y atom1 
:i* buries itself "u ! sk9 ( f[ls' legs1
 causes itself to be kn[n z 8scaly      
legs40 ,_m ( ! my/]i\s dea?s c be trac$ 
to ano!r v>iety ( ! same family :i*     
attacks ! air-passages ( ! bird's ?roat1
 & occasionally rea*es ! lungs4 ,!      
affect$ bird gets dr[sy1 mopes ab\t = a 
few days1 & at la/ dies f suffocation1 &
 p wond] :at has be5 ! tr\ble4 ,!n !re  
are ?ree v>ieties ( fleas1 s d>k 9 col\r
 t !y look almo/ black1 :i* live 9 !    

soil1 or 9 cracks & crevices ( ! p\ltry 
h\ses1 & sally =? :5 hungry to fe$ on ! 
poor def5celess h54 ,"o species ( ^!    
crawls1 in/ead ( hopp+ l ! ord9>y flea1 
s p frequ5tly make ! mi/ake ( ?9k+ t x  
is a plant insect :i* w n mole/ p\ltry4 
,x is all ^! unsuspect$ visitors :i*    
attack p\ltry at night1 rob !m ( _!     
vitality1 & ! p\ltryman ( mu* ( 8       
pr(its4  ,long ago1 :5 ,i fir/ />t$ my  
p\ltry plant1 ,i f\nd a recipe = liquid 
l\se ext]m9ator & a worm p[d] publi%$ 9 
"s magaz9e recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,p4 ,t4 ,l4
 ,woods1 ! great p\ltry exp]t4 ,! liquid
 is easily made1 & v *eap4 ,dissolve    
crude naph?a flakes 9 k]os5e oil4       
,mo?al9e & naph?a camphor are two       
prep>ations put up 9 packages1 :i* c be 
b\ght at any drug /ore1 & w\ld d z well 
z ! flakes1 if y h any difficulty 9     
gett+ !m4 ,a ,bo/on firm puts up a      
prep>ation ) aromatic naph?al5s &       
camphor1 9 packages :i* co/ tw5ty-five  
c5ts1 & is v good4 ,"o package dissolv$ 
9 two gallons ( k]os5e makes a good     

mixture to spray h\se1 ne/s & roo/s4 ,= 
! birds !mselves1 pa9t ! inside ( a box 
) ! liquid1 & keep a bird 9 x = f fifte5
 to tw5ty m9utes4 ,i _h a box made ) a  
comp>tm5t "o foot squ>e1 s t we c\ld    
treat six birds at "o "t4 ,ne> ! top (  
ea* comp>tm5t !re is a hole l>ge en\gh =
 ! bird to put 8 head ?r\gh1 & outside  
we put a tr\gh :i* is slightly rais$ f !
 gr\nd1 s t ! birds c j rea* ! cont5ts4 
,fill x ) small gra91 & !y keep busy mo/
 ( ! "t1 :i* insures _! n be+ smo!r$1 & 
_! necks pass+ ?r\gh ! hole prev5ts !   
fume ( ! wa% escap+ too rapidly4 ,(     
c\rse1 someone mu/ rema9 & wat* ! birds 
all ! "t2 o!rwise !re is ! dang] ( !    
bird pull+ its head 9 & be+ suffocat$4  
,to be sure t ! bird is p]fectly clean1 
fumigation %\ld be repeat$ ?ree times1 )
 an int]val ( ?ree days aft] ea*4 ,if   
h\ses are kept clean & all new birds are
 ?or\ghly fumigat$ be=e !y are turn$    
into ! flock1 x w n be necess>y to      
attack ! :ole flock m ?an once or twice 
a ye>4 ,ne/s = sett+ h5s are always     

swabb$ out ) ! mixture1 & brood coops   
get a dose once a week4 ,z soon z any h5
 %[s signs ( gett+ broody1 %e is dr$g$ )
 p[d]1 :i* is well rubb$ d[n into !     
8fluff0 ( ! fea!rs2 !n on ! t5? &       
n9ete5? days %e is aga9 well p[d]$1 & f 
! "t ! *icks are a week old %e receives 
a dose ( p[d] once a week z long z %e   
broods !m4 ,! recipe = ! insect p[d] is 
z foll[s3  ,to "o peck ( fre%ly slak$   
lime add half an ounce ( c>bolic acid4  
,mix v ?or\ghly1 & add same quantity1 9 
bulk1 ( tobacco du/4 ,ano!r p[d]        
recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,woods 9 ! same       
article1 & :i* ,i h us$ v frequ5tly1 is 
made by mix+ equal p>ts ( f9ely-sift$   
coal a%es & tobacco du/1 !n moi/5 ! :ole
 ) ! liquid l\se ext]m9ator4 ,all[ x to 
dry & x is ready = use4 ,:5 pur*as+     
c>bolic acid1 ask = n9ety p] c5t4 /r5g?1
 o!rwise !y are v likely to give y a mu*
 weak] prep>ation1 fit only = m$ical    
use4     ,,! ,,sitt+ ,,h5 ,,& ,,!       
,,incubator   ,look+ back ov] ! memories
 ( my f>m initiation1 x seems z if ,i _h

 n fully realis$ ! possibilities ( my   
new und]tak+ until ! fir/ incubator 0   
inaugurat$4 ,z ,i h already told y1 ,i  
did all ! fir/ ye>'s hat* "u h5s1 & /ill
 set e h5 t ev9ces any desire to assume 
! c>es ( mo!rhood1 because x seems      
,nature's plan to keep ! egg ma*9e 9    
good work+ ord]4 ,if a broody h5 is n   
all[$ to sit1 x takes sev]al days (     
inc>c]ation to break up h] desire1 !n   
sev]al days m aft] %e is fre$ be=e %e   
comm5ces to lay1 & inv>iably ! sitt+    
fev] w attack h] aga9 )9 a few weeks4   
,n[1 incubation takes only ?ree weeks2  
brood+ ( *icks1 ano!r f\r or six weeks1 
& ,mrs4 ,biddy has _h a complete re/1   
foll[$ by vigor\s ex]cise :ile scrat*+ =
 h] babies4 ,s :5 %e is return$ to ! y>d
 %e is 9 p]fect condition to produce    
eggs4 ,let ,biddy sit :5ev] %e wants to1
 b don't wait h] pleasure 9 ! e>ly spr+1
 = y might h no "y *ick5s to sell :5 !y 
br+ good prices4   ,,! ,,selection ,,(  
,,! ,,incubator  ,!re are a great _m    
incubators on ! m>ket1 "s heat$ by hot  

air1 o!rs by hot wat]4 ,if y select any 
"o ( ! /&>d makes adv]tis$ y w get a    
good1 practical hat*]4 ,pr9t$           
in/ructions = sett+ up & runn+ are s5t  
out ) e ma*9e1 b !y don't emphasise all 
! important po9ts q /rongly en\gh =     
amateurs4 ,lots ( p c't drive a screw   
home accurately1 & fail to realise t if 
! head is slightly to ! "r or left x    
?r[s ! fixture :i* is be+ atta*$ to !   
ma*9e out ( plumb1 & a hair's bread?    
makes a diff]5ce :5 su* delicate        
appliances z !rmo/atic rods 7! p[] :i*  
controls ! heat71 are conc]n$4 ,a blund]
 supplies mu* k4 ,i %\ld nev] h realis$ 
! necessity = absolute exactness if "o (
 ! screws us$ 9 atta*+ ! lamp support to
 our second incubator _h n gone slightly
 awry4 ,x caus$ ! *imney almo/ to t\* "o
 side ( ! socket into :i* x fits4 ,t1 9 
turn1 drew ! flame to "o side1 & caus$ x
 to smoke at night :5 turn$ up = extra  
heat4 ,x 0 a v little blund]1 app>5tly1 
b x almo/ spoil$ ! incubator1 & q spoil$
 ! hat*4  ,to be sure t ! incubator     

fixtures are plumb1 use a _s level1 !   
only safe guide4 ,aft] />t+ ! ma*9e1    
practise runn+ x = a few days be=e putt+
 9 ! eggs4 ,:5 ! heat rea*es "o hundr$ &
 two & "o-half degrees1 ) ! escape dial 
hang+ ! wid? ( a mat* f ! op5+1 put 9 ! 
trays1 :i*1 be+ cold1 w l[] ! heat1 &   
%\ld close ! dial until ! trays become  
w>m1 & ! !rmomet] 9 ! ma*9e aga9 regi/]s
 "o hundr$ & two & "o-half1 :5 ! dial   
%\ld once m be dangl+ ! mat* wid? above 
! op5+4 ,%\ld ! clos+ & op5+ n take     
place z ! heat v>ies1 ! ma*9e is n      
prop]ly adju/$1 & y mu/ practise until x
 w be> ! te/ be=e putt+ 9 ! eggs4  ,!   
!rmomet]s are suppos$ to h be5 te/$ be=e
 !y are %ipp$1 b x is well to buy an    
extra "o & comp>e !m2 or get y\r doctor1
 :o is sure to h an accurate !rmomet]1  
to d x = y4 ,! egg te/] comes ) !       
incubator4 ,x is a t91 funnel-l *imney t
 fits ov] ! lamp1 & has a project+ op5+1
 bord]$ ) black1 be=e :i* to hold !     
eggs4 ,! fir/ te/ %\ld be made on !     
sev5? day2 ! second on ! fifte5? day4   

,hold ! egg1 l>ge end upp]mo/1 9 front (
 ! op5+4 ,if x looks p]fectly cle> x is 
inf]tile & c be us$ to fe$ "y *icks4 ,if
 x %[s a d>k-r$ spot ) spid]y legs x is 
f]tile1 & mu/ be return$ to ! incubator4
 ,dead g]ms are r>ely disc]nible at !   
fir/ te/+1 except to ! exp]t eye4 ,by ! 
fifte5?1 ! v]ie/ amateur w be able to   
detect !m4  ,successful incubation      
dep5ds pr9cipally on be+ able to ma9ta9 
! am\nt ( heat & moi/ure necess>y at !  
diff]5t /ages ( developm5t4 ,a !rmomet] 
is furni%$ ) mo/ incubators1 b z yet    
hygromet]s are n1 s x is advisable to   
buy "o4 ,= z !y only co/ #a4ej ea*1 x   
w\ld be p5nywise & p\nd-fooli% to d )\t 
"o4 ,hav+ ^! two little in/rum5ts to    
tell exactly ! am\nt ( heat & moi/ure   
pres5t 9 ! ma*9e1 simplifies ! "w       
wond]fully4  ,p]sonally1 ,i l to h !    
!rmomet] regi/] #ajb degrees1 & !       
hygromet] #ge1 :5 ,i fir/ put ! eggs 9 !
 incubator4 ,! second week1 ! heat is   
increas$ to #ajb1 & ! moi/ure l[]$ to   
#gj degrees4 ,! ?ird week1 heat f #ajb  

to #ajc2 moi/ure n ov] #de until !      
n9ete5? day1 :5 ! moi/ure is aga9       
increas$ to #ee or #fj degrees4  ,!     
reason = su* fluctuation 9 ! moi/ure may
 ne$ "s explanation4 ,dur+ ! fir/ /ages 
( incubation x is necess>y to prev5t !  
escape ( ! wat] :i* is "p ( ! egg1 z x  
is ne$$ to keep ! album5 9 ! "r         
condition = ! developm5t ( ! g]m4 ,aft] 
! t5? day1 :5 ! embryo is =m$1 ! wat]   
%\ld be gradually all[$ to evaporate1 s 
t ! am\nt ( air inside ! %ell increases1
 z x is ne$$ to aid ! circulation ( !   
blood & p]mit ! gr[? ( ! *ick4 ,increas+
 ! moi/ure aga9 on ! n9ete5? day is     
simply done to s(t5 ! inside sk9 ( ! egg
 & make x easy = ! *ick to break ?r\gh4 
,:5 extra moi/ure is to be suppli$1     
place a pan ( wet s& or a damp sponge 9 
! bottom ( ! incubator4 ,if ! ma*9e is  
/&+ 9 a v damp cell>1 ! difficulty is   
(t5 to keep d[n ! moi/ure r ?an to      
increase x4  ,9 ?is case1 keep ! trays  
out ( ! ma*9e = a great] l5g? ( "t :5 y 
turn ! eggs ea* day1 & op5 ! v5tilators4

 ,probably ! safe/ & simple/ way to le>n
 h[ to gauge ?is important po9t (       
moi/ure1 is to set a h5 at ! same "t t y
 />t ! incubator1 & !n comp>e !         
developm5t ( ! air-cell 9 ! egg e few   
days4 ,if ! developm5t is too sl[1 op5 !
 v5tilators at ! side ( ! incubator     
wid]1 & air ! eggs a little long] ea*   
day :5 y h ! trays out to turn ! eggs4  
,rev]se affairs if ! developm5t is too  
quick4 ,x is bett] to run ! ma*9e a     
degree or two above ! giv5 temp]ature   
?an bel[ x1 especially dur+ ! la/ few   
days4  ,aft] ! morn+ ( ! tw5tie? day    
don't op5 ! incubator until ! hat* is   
ov]1 or until late on ! tw5ty-second    
day1 & don't get n]v\s if ! temp]ature  
runs to "o hundr$ & f\r or ev5 to "o    
hundr$ & five2 x is caus$ by ! animal   
heat ( ! *icks1 & w d !m no h>m4 ,turn+ 
d[n ! lamp slightly w ( c\rse r$uce !   
heat2 b be v c>eful n to let x run bel[ 
"o hundr$ & ?ree dur+ ! la/ tw5ty-f\r   
h\rs4 ,l[ temp]ature prolongs ! hat*1   
weak5s ! *ick5s & makes !m susceptible  

to all sorts ( ailm5ts4  ,individual    
outdoor brood]s ,i ?9k are ! be/1 = 9 v 
cold wea!r !y c /& 9 a light ou?\se4 ,i 
us$ to monopolise ! summ] kit*5 f       
,febru>y to ,april1 & !n h !m plac$ out 
9 ! or*>d4 ,plac+ an outdoor brood] "u  
cov] is really only = ! conv5i5ce ( !   
att5dant1 = !y are /orm pro(4 ,if y     
comm5ce ) an incubator t holds "o hundr$
 & tw5ty to "o hundr$ & sixty eggs y w  
require two brood]s1 & if 9 a cold or   
,nor!rn locality1 "s small h\se :i* c be
 w>m$ dur+ v cold wea!r1 if y propose   
comm5c+ to incubate 9 ,janu>y4 ,a brood]
 suppos$ to hold "o hundr$ *ick5s w     
accommodate t numb] com=tably = ab\t n9e
 days1 aft] :i* n m ?an fifty %\ld be   
kept 9 x4 ,h5ce ! necessity = two       
brood]s4 ,:5 ! *icks are six weeks old 9
 cold wea!r1 & f\r weeks old 9 mod]ate  
wea!r1 !y c be remov$ to ! small h\se 7!
 temp]ature ( :i* %\ld be kept at sixty 
degrees dur+ ! night74 ,rememb]1        
incubation takes only tw5ty-"o days1 s y
 mu/ all[ at lea/ ?ree weeks to elapse  

be=e />t+ ! incubator a second "t4      
,give ! brood] a good coat ( :itewa%    
inside be=e us+ x4 ,cov] ! drum :i*     
furni%es ! heat "u ! hov] ) two or ?ree 
?icknesses ( flannel1 to make x s(t = ! 
little bodies to cuddle up aga9/4 ,cov] 
! floor ( ! hov] comp>tm5t ) a piece (  
old c>pet or felt1 & ! outside comp>tm5t
 ) sweep+s f ! haym[4 ,h ! heat runn+   
/eadily at n9ety-five degrees = sev]al  
h\rs be=e ! *icks are to be put into x1 
& keep x at t heat ! fir/ sev5 or eight 
days4 ,!n gradually let x fall to       
sev5ty-five degrees4 ,( c\rse1 ,i mean !
 heat "u ! hov]4 ,! re/ ( ! brood] w    
be--& %\ld be--sev]al degrees l[]4   ,,!
 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,*icks ,,9 ,,! ,,brood] 
,keep fre% wat] 9 vessels into :i* !    
*icks c get only _! bills 9 ! out]      
comp>tm5t4 ,nev] neglect see+ t !y are  
all safely cuddl$ up to ! heat at dusk4 
,dur+ ! bright1 sunny h\rs 9 ! middle ( 
! day let ! *icks h pl5ty ( fre% air 9 !
 playroom2 at fe$+ "t1 :5 !y are all    
busy1 give ! hov] comp>tm5t a ?or\gh    

air+4  ,:5 ,biddy is do+ ! brood+1      
rememb] %e is pretty sure to ne$ du/+ ) 
"s good insect p[d]4 ,! ne/ box %e sat 9
 %\ld h be5 clean$1 & a h&ful ( camphor 
balls scatt]$ "u ! hay ( ! ne/4         
,moreov]1 ea* h5 %\ld be du/$ be=e      
sett+1 twice dur+ ! tw5ty-"o days1 ?ree 
days aft] ! hat* is out1 & ea* week s   
long z %e broods ! *icks4  ,fre% air1   
w>m? & good food prev5t _m tr\bles almo/
 impossible to cure if once contract$2 s
 look to ! little ?+s4  ,?irty h\rs mu/ 
be all[$ = ! prop] dige/ion &           
assimilation ( ! yolk1 :i* is absorb$   
into ! abdom5 imm$iately be=e ! *ick    
breaks ?r\gh ! %ell4 ,:5 ,biddy has done
 ! hat*+ d n move h] to ! brood coop =  
tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 unless %e is flighty &  
keeps gett+ (f ! ne/1 9 :i* case x is   
bett] to keep ! *icks 9 a cov]$ box by !
 kit*5 /ove until "s m mo!rly h5 c be   
p]suad$ to adopt !m4 ,always try to set 
two or ?ree h5s at ! same "t4 ,good h5s 
t are well f$ & h n be5 bo!r$ ) v]m9    
seldom give any tr\ble ab\t ! la/       

tw5ty-f\r h\rs4   ,,h[ ,,to ,,div]sify  
,,! ,,daily ,,ration  ,n[ ab\t !        
all-important "q ( fe$+3 ,= ! fir/ two  
or ?ree days get t5 p\nds ( rape &      
millet se$1 p9-head oatmeal & crack$    
corn1 *>coal1 & f9e1 %>p grit4 ,mix all 
toge!r4 ,if y _c get p9-head oatmeal1   
buy hull$ oats & break !m up f9e4 ,!    
gra9 mu/ also be crack$ q f9e2 9 fact1 x
 is saf] to put ! mixture ?r\gh a sieve 
:i* w all[ no?+ l>g] ?an millet to g    
?r\gh4 ,!n !re is no dang] ( *icks be+  
*ok$4 ,fe$ ! mixture by scatt]+ among ! 
sweep+s1 to enc\rage ! *icks to scrat* &
 take ex]cise4  ,morn+ & ev5+ make a ma%
 by *opp+ a h>d-boil$ egg1 %ell & all1  
gre5 onion tops or spr\ts4 ,mix ) /ale  
bread crumbs1 & fe$ on a flat pie plate 
or /rip ( wood4 ,aft] ! *icks are two   
weeks old ! oats & corn ne$ n be q s    
f9e--m ! size ( hemp se$1 :i* c be add$ 
to ! mixture2 s c crack$ :eat or b>ley1 
& ! ma% c be made ( gr\nd corn & oats1 )
 onions & scald$ liv]1 *opp$1 ?ree times
 a week 7ab\t a small cupful to a qu>t (

 ma%74  ,:at ,i mean by scald$ liv] is  
liv] dropp$ into a kettle ( boil+ wat] &
 let boil up once4 ,leave to cool 9 !   
wat]4 ,q raw x is too /rong = little    
*icks4 ,= a *ange ,i mix ! gra9 ) scald+
 milk two or ?ree times a week4 ,nev]   
make m at a "t ?an w be f$ )9 ! next few
 h\rs1 z x s\rs4  ,pot *eese is a       
fav\rite di% ) all p\ltry1 & v :olesome4
 ,if !re is any t5d5cy to b[el tr\ble1  
give !m rice wat] 9 place ( ! dr9k+     
wat]4  ,keep brood]s & brood coops clean
 & dry4 ,! grass ar\nd ! coops %\ld be  
kept cut loose1 s t ! *icks c run ab\t  
easily4 ,see t e coop is clos$ at night1
 & d n let ! *icks out :ile ! grass is  
dewy4 ,don't give ! h5s too _m *icks to 
brood 9 w9t]1 = if %e _c keep !m close  
to h] !y w die ( *ill4     ,,rais+      
,,e>ly ,,broil]s   ,a di/9ct bran* ( !  
p\ltry bus9ess1 & "o t is extremely     
pr(itable = ^? :o c run x successfully1 
is rais+ "y *icks 9 ! w9t] = e>ly       
broil]s4 ,to comm5ce on a l>ge scale    
requires z l>ge capital1 b !re are      

hundr$s ( m5 & wom5 :o h accommodations 
on _! premises t w\ld enable !m to />t 9
 a small way1 & by inve/+ ! pr(its f !  
fir/ ye> !y c\ld obta9 a really good    
equipm5t = ! bus9ess4  ,( c\rse1 ! real 
/>t+-po9t %\ld be a good flock ( heal?y 
h5s1 all ( "o bre$1 pref]ably ,wy&ottes 
or ,rocks1 = really ! h5 :o lays ! egg  
has z mu* to d ) ! success 9 broil]-mak+
 z ! c>e "o may be/[ on ! bus9ess4      
,next 9 importance is a well-con/ruct$  
new incubator4 ,don't be tempt$ to buy a
 second-h& ma*9e1 :i* has usually be5   
all[$ to /& 9 a damp cell> or 9 "s      
outside %$ :ile n 9 use1 = x w 9 all    
probability w>p or g to pieces :5 put 9 
commission aga94  ,brood]s come ?ird on 
! li/1 b are q z important z ! two      
=ego+1 = !re is no use hat*+ a *ick     
unless x c be re>$1 & ! heat &          
v5tilation ( ! artificial "m is m ?an   
half ! battle4  ,! up-to-date broil]    
plant consi/s ( an incubator-cell>1 a   
nurs]y1 or brood]-h\se1 z x is usually  
call$1 & a broil]-h\se4 ,bo? ! latt] are

 divid$ into small p5s1 ab\t two feet   
wide & five feet long4 ,9 ! nurs]y-h\se1
 ! top ends ( ! p5s are inclos$ l boxes 
to ! dep? ( ab\t a foot & a half1 & h   
hot-wat] pipes runn+ ?r\gh !m to furni% 
heat = ! *icks to brood "u4 ,a flannel  
curta9 cut into /rips falls f ! top ( ! 
inclos$ "p to divide x f ! re/ ( ! p51  
:i* runs d[n to ! out] wall ( ! h\se1   
:]e a l>ge w9d[ lets 9 light & sun4 ,!  
p5s %\ld h bo>d floors slightly elevat$ 
above ! ma9 floor1 to avoid dampness1 & 
! divisions are made ) a foot bo>d ab\t 
n9e in*es high1 & "o in* nett+ two feet 
high above t4 ,! brood]-h\se is divid$ 9
 ! same way1 b ! hot-wat] pipes only run
 ar\nd ! walls ( ! h\se1 z ! birds don't
 ne$ ! imm$iate heat to brood "u1 aft]  
!y leave ! nurs]y1 :5 !y are five or six
 weeks old4  ,b1 until y c af=d ! prop] 
equipm5t1 "o or two incubators c be run 
9 ! cell> ( ! h\se or an unus$ room :]e 
!re is no o!r heat4 ,individual brood]s 
c be us$ 9 place ( ! nurs]y &           
brood]-h\se1 if y h any light outbuild+ 

to /& !m 94 ,9 fact1 ,i l ! individual  
brood]s bett] = ! nurs]y p]iod ?an !    
pipe-h\se sy/em1 because x is only      
necess>y to heat z _m z are ne$$1 & ) ! 
pipe sy/em ! entire h\se has to be      
heat$1 ev5 if y are only go+ to use "o  
section4  ,mo/ ( ! diff]5t makes (      
brood]s on ! m>ket are made ) two       
comp>tm5ts3 ,a *amb] ) a r\nd hov]1 :i* 
is heat$ ) a lamp1 & an out] comp>tm5t =
 ex]cise & fe$+4 ,! av]age price is n9e 
doll>s1 & ! ma*9es are suppos$ to hold  
"o hundr$ *ick5s1 b sev5ty-five are q   
en\gh2 & ev5 t numb] %\ld be decreas$ to
 fifty ! second week1 & tw5ty-five !    
f\r? week--t is1 if ! *icks are to be   
conf9$ entirely to ! brood]4 ,b if x /&s
 9 a w>m room1 :]e a small out]         
inclosure c be made on ! floor ( ! h\se 
= a playroom1 fifty *icks c be c>ri$    
?r\gh to ! squab-broil] age 9 "o brood]4
  ,*icks hat*$ specially = ! broil]     
trade h to be /eadily pu%$ along2 plump1
 juicy meat be+ ! ma9 object4 ,! fir/   
requisite is w>m?4 ,h ! comp>tm5t 9 :i* 

! hov] is situat$ heat$ up to           
n9ety-eight degrees be=e ! *icks are put
 9 & keep x s = ! fir/ ?ree days &      
nights4 ,keep ! door 9 ! out] comp>tm5t 
%ut = ! same l5g? ( "t4 ,on ! f\r? day x
 c be op5$ & ! *icks all[$ to run into  
x1 b ! room 9 :i* ! brood] /&s %\ld be  
w>m1 & ! little ones %\ld be wat*$ t[>d 
b$time1 = !y are apt to rema9 9 ! out]  
comp>tm5t & become *ill$4  ,be+ *ill$   
ev5 = a %ort "t is fatal to "y *icks1 = 
if x does n kill outright1 x causes b[el
 tr\ble & gives !m a bad setback :i* w  
surely delay ! day ( m>ket+1 if no?+    
worse4 ,aft] !y are ?ree weeks old1 !   
door 9 ! out] comp>tm5t c be op5$1 s t  
!y c run out on to ! floor ( ! room4    
,let !m h pl5ty ( scrat*+ mat]ial4 ,if !
 wea!r is f9e & mild1 x w d !m good to  
let !m h an outside run = an h\r or two 
9 ! middle ( ! day1 b don't be 9 a hurry
 to h>d5 !m be=e !y are five weeks old1 
= x is a risky exp]im5t4  ,wy&otte      
*ick5s :5 hat*$ w weigh two ounces4 ,if 
all goes well !y %\ld ga9 two ounces    

dur+ ! fir/ t5 days2 f\r ounces = ! ?ird
 week2 ano!r two ounces 9 ! f\r? week1 &
 at ! end ( ! eigh? week !y %\ld weigh  
two p\nds4  ,! entire life ( a *ick5    
int5d$ = a broil] is s artificial t few 
if any ( ! rules = rais+ ord9>y *icks c 
be appli$ to !m4 ,! great aim is to     
develop !m z quickly z possible1 =1 to  
get ! be/ price1 a broil] mu/ gr[       
quickly & be plump4  ,l all newly-hat*$ 
birds1 !y mu/ h no?+ to eat = ! fir/    
?irty-six h\rs4 ,aft] t comm]cial       
*ick-fe$ 7:i* is a mixture ( all sorts (
 small se$s & crack$ gra9s7 %\ld be _!  
sole diet = t5 days4  ,:5 !re are only  
small quantities ( *icks to fe$1 & ca%  
is ( m value ?an "t1 x w be *eap] to mix
 ! fe$ at home4 ,take "o qu>t ea* (     
f9ely-crack$ corn1 bran & hull$ oats2   
mix ) ! same quantity ( gold5 millet1   
rape1 ,kafir-corn & v %>p1 f9e gravel1  
cru%$ *>coal & f9ely-*opp$ clov]-hay4   
,mix ?or\ghly1 !n pass ?r\gh a f9e      
sieve1 to insure !re be+ no l>ge pieces 
( ! corn or oats = ! babies to *oke     

!mselves )4 ,= ! ?ree days !y are conf9$
 to ! hov] dep>tm5t1 put a small pan    
fill$ ) ! mixture 9 ea* corn] &1 in/ead 
( wat]1 fill a small dr9k+-f\nta9 ) milk
 :i* has be5 scald$ & all[$ to cool4    
,leave x ) !m = t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 at 
morn+1 noon & aga9 at ab\t #c3jj ,p4 ,m4
 ,x mu/ n be all[$ to rema9 all ! "t1   
because ! heat f ! hov] w turn x s\r4   
,aft] !y are all[$ access to ! out]     
comp>tm5t1 mix$ gra9 %\ld be scatt]$ on 
! cut hay 7or :atev] is us$ to cov] !   
floor7 s t ! *icks w h to scrat* :i*    
compels !m to take en\gh ex]cise =      
heal?y gr[?4 ,! plan is to fe$ little & 
(t54 ,! milk c be all[$ to /& 9 ! out]  
comp>tm5t1 b ! f\nta9 mu/ be ?or\ghly   
cleans$ & scald$ e day4  ,aft] ! t5?    
day1 ! door ( ! out] comp>tm5t c be op5$
 & ! *icks giv5 fur!r lib]ty1 if !re is 
a /ove 9 ! build+ to w>m ! atmosph]e2 b 
if !re is n1 don't let !m out ( ! brood]
 until !y are f\r weeks old4 ,9 ei!r    
case _! diet mu/ be slightly *ang$ aft] 
! t5? day4 ,/eam "s ( ! *opp$           

clov]-hay--ab\t a qu>t--& add "o p9t (  
co>se corn-meal1 "o p9t ( gr\nd oats &  
half a small cupful ( *opp$ liv] :i* has
 be5 boil$ = five m9utes 7raw liv] is   
too /rong = su* "y birds1 b x %\ld n be 
boil$ m ?an ! five m9utes74 ,fe$ once a 
day at noon4 ,put ! ma% into two or ?ree
 di%es1 s !y c all get a *ance to eat at
 once4 ,remove any t is left at ! end ( 
t5 m9utes4 ,if x is n possible to get   
fre% liv]1 use "o teaspoonful (         
beef-meal or any ( ! comm]cial meat     
prep>ations :i* are gr\nd f9e4 ,cont9ue 
to scatt] ! dry gra9s ?ree times a day4 
,:5 !y are f\r weeks old1 give ma% twice
 a day ab\t #i3jj ,a4 ,m4 & #b3jj ,p4   
,m41 increas+ ! all[ance ( meat         
slightly2 & if y h pl5ty ( skim-milk1   
make cottage *eese & give x to !m z an  
extra once or twice a week4 ,f ! f\r?   
week keep a pan conta9+ grit & *>coal   
always be=e !m4 ,aft] !y are six weeks  
old increase ! quantity ( corn-meal 9 ! 
ma%1 & correspond+ly decrease ! gr\nd   
oats1 until all corn-meal & no oats are 

be+ us$4 ,also1 /op /eam+ ! clov] & mix 
x dry ) ! o!r +r$i5ts2 !n moi/5 ! ma% 9 
scald$ milk 9 :i* suet has be5 boil$ 7"o
 p\nd ( *opp$ suet to f\r qu>ts ( milk74
 ,boil = fifte5 m9utes4 ,fe$ x ?ree     
times a day--#i3jj ,a4 ,m41 #ab3jj ,m4 &
 #c3jj ,p4 ,m4 ,! la/ two weeks be=e    
kill+1 omit all ! dry gra92 fe$ no?+ b  
ma%1 made z be=e1 only z s(t z possible 
)\t be+ sloppy4 ,fe$ f\r times a day all
 !y w eat 9 t5 m9utes1 b on no acc\nt   
leave food be=e !m long] ?an t1 or !y w 
become satiat$4 ,birds pu%$ along %\ld  
be 9 f9e condition = m>ket :5 f t5 to   
twelve weeks old4  ,our broil]s are nev]
 giv5 wat] to dr9k1 b always scald$     
milk4 ,scald$ milk inv>iably *ecks any  
t5d5cy t[>d b[el tr\ble & is also a     
/rong factor 9 mak+ ! fle% t5d] & juicy4
     ,,! ,,p\ltry-,,y>d ,,9             
,,mid-,,season   ,baby *icks are s      
pretty1 & appeal s /rongly to !         
s5tim5tal feel+ mo/ p h = infant ?+s1 t 
!y are inv>iably well c>$ = until !y are
 depos$ by new arrivals1 or rea* !      

half-fl$g$1 long-legg$ p]iod ( gawky    
ugl9ess4 ,!n !y are almo/ surely        
neglect$1 especially by ! amateur1 :o   
does n realise t ! int]m$iate /ages are 
( p>am\nt importance4 ,x is a wa/e ( "t 
& money to hat* *icks & fe$ h5s heavily 
9 ! w9t]1 if !y are all[$ to rea* a     
/&/ill p]iod dur+ gr[?4  ,:5 *icks are  
eight weeks old1 !y %\ld be sep>at$ f _!
 mo!rs1 & ! families divid$2 ! "y       
pullets be+ relegat$ to colony coops1 9 
an or*>d or p>tly %ad$ mead[1 :]e !y w h
 ext5sive free range2 ! cock]els be+    
plac$ 9 ! semi-conf9em5t ( y>ds1 z _!   
ultimate fate is ! fry+-pan1 :i*        
necessitates plump bodies1 :ile free    
range w\ld only develop frame & muscle4 
,our colony h\ses are six feet long1    
?ree feet wide1 ?irty-six in*es high 9  
front1 & tw5ty-f\r in*es at ! back4 ,!y 
are made ( light scantl+2 ! ends1 back &
 ro( be+ cov]$ ) ro(+-pap]1 & ! front1  
to )9 eight in*es ( ! gr\nd1 ) unblea*$ 
musl91 :i* insures p]fect v5tilation &  
prev5ts ra9 beat+ 9 ^u ! birds :5 !y are

 on ! roo/s1 :i* are fix$ a foot f !    
bottom & n9e in*es f ! back ( ! coop4   
,two holes are made1 n9e in*es ap>t1 9 !
 middle ( ea* end ( ! coop1 & a heavy   
rope knott$ ?r\gh !m1 to =m h&les4  ,!  
coops hav+ no floor+1 & ! :ole          
con/ruction be+ light1 !y are easily    
mov$ to fre% gr\nd ea* week1 & s kept   
clean ) little tr\ble1 an important item
 :5 !re is a l>ge quantity be+ us$4     
,hav+ a l>ge or*>d1 we plac$ ! coops 9  
r[s ?irty feet ap>t1 z two sides ( !    
or*>d adjo9 woodl&1 ?r\gh :i* a         
nev]-fail+ spr+-/ream runs1 s ! birds h 
a spl5did range4  ,tw5ty birds are plac$
 9 ea* coop4 ,! fir/ week a portable    
y>d1 five feet long1 is plac$ 9 front ( 
ea* coop s t ! "y *icks _c w&] (f & get 
lo/1 z !y surely w\ld 9 /range qu>t]s4  
,dur+ t "t a self-fe$+ hopp] & a        
dr9k+-f\nta9 are plac$ inside ( ! coop4 
,:5 ! y>d is remov$1 ! individual       
vessels are disp5s$ )1 l>ge dr9k+-tubs &
 fe$-hopp]s be+ /ation$ midway betwe5 e 
f\r coops1 to r$uce "t & lab\r 9 c>+ = !

 birds4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,p\ltry     
,,y>d  ,! l>ge hopp]s are no?+ m ?an    
boxes1 five feet long1 two feet wide &  
six in*es deep1 ov] :i* is plac$ an     
,a-%ap$ cov]1 made ( slats1 "o in* ap>t1
 to prev5t ! birds gett+ into ! box &   
scrat*+ ! gra9 onto ! gr\nd1 :]e x w be 
wa/$4 ,= wat]1 five-gallon kegs are us$1
 ) an automatic escape1 :i* keeps a     
small pan cont9ually full4 ,bo? fe$ &   
wat] are plac$ "u a r\gh %elt]1 to      
protect !m f sun & ra94 ,us+ su* l>ge   
receptacles1 x is only necess>y to fill 
!m e o!r day4  ,fe$ consi/s ( a dry ma%1
 compos$ ( t5 p\nds ( :eat bran1 t5     
p\nds ( gr\nd oats1 "o p\nd ( :ite      
middl+s1 "o p\nd ( old-process oil-meal 
& t5 p\nds ( beef scraps1 all well mix$4
 ,9 addition to t1 !y receive at night a
 fe$ ( :eat & crack$ corn--two p>ts ( ! 
=m] to "o ( ! latt]4 ,ab\t half a p9t is
 scatt]$ 9 front ( ea* coop1 at ab\t f\r
 ,p4 ,m4  ,grit is suppli$ 9 l>ge       
quantities4 ,be+ ne> a /one-cru%]1 we   
buy ! scre5+s by ! c>t-load & dump x 9  

heaps on ! outskirts ( ! or*>d1 :]e x   
does n %[1 b is q accessible to ! *icks4
  ,on ^! rations1 )\t any v>iation1 !   
pullets are kept until ,septemb]1 :5 !y 
are transf]r$ to _! w9t] qu>t]s--h\ses  
twelve feet wide1 t5 feet high 9 front1 
slop+ to eight feet at ! back4 ,ea* h\se
 is divid$ by wire nett+ into           
twelve-foot comp>tm5ts1 9 ea* ( :i* =ty 
birds are kept4  ,w9t] fe$+ comm5ces z  
soon z ! birds are settl$ 9 _! h\ses1 & 
consi/s ( ! same ma% z :5 on range1     
except t t5 p\nds ( corn-meal is add$1  
&1 in/ead ( ! t5 p\nds ( comm]cial beef 
scraps1 sixte5 p\nds ( fre%ly crack$    
gre5 bone is us$1 &1 9 place ( be+ be=e 
!m all ! "t1 x is f$ once a day1 j :at  
!y w eat up clean 9 fifte5 m9utes4      
,until ?ree ye>s ago1 we us$ to moi/5 ! 
ma% & fe$ at eight o'clock 9 ! morn+4   
,n[ we fe$ x dry1 at #b ,p4 ,m42 at     
night1 :eat1 crack$ & :ole corn1 scatt]$
 ov] cut /raw1 :i* cov]s ! floor ( !    
h\se4 ,! proportions are ?ree p\nds (   
:ole corn1 "o p\nd ( :eat & two p\nds ( 

crack$ corn4 ,! birds are always eag] = 
! :ole corn1 &1 z !y run ab\t to pick x 
up1 ! crack$ corn & :eat get %ak5 d[n   
into ! litt]1 s !y r>ely get any b !    
:ole corn at night1 :i* fills up _!     
crops & keeps !m w>m until morn+1 :5 !  
f9e gra9 induces !m to scrat*--vigor\s  
ex]cise1 :i* sets _! blood circulat+ &  
keeps !m busy until #h ,a4 ,m41 :5 !    
dr9k+-f\nta9s are fill$ up ) hot wat]4  
,= gre5 food we use ,swiss *>d1 cabbage 
& rape until fro/ de/roys ! supply1 aft]
 :i* we resort to clov] hay1 *opp$ &    
/eam$4 ,x is f$ at ab\t #aa ,a4 ,m41 a  
l>ge panful to ea* comp>tm5t1 & at !    
same "t a p9t ( :eat & crack$ oats is   
scatt]$ on ! floor4 ,%>p grit &         
oy/]-%ells are always be=e !m1 & 9 v    
cold wea!r ! dr9k+-f\nta9s are fill$ up 
aga9 ) hot wat] at elev5 & ?ree o'clock4
  ,if y h no or*>d1 or o!r p>tly %ady   
place = coops1 x w be necess>y to erect 
"s sort ( %elt]s = ! birds to re/ "u    
dur+ ! heat ( ! day4 ,any sort ( mat]ial
 or %ape w d1 s long z protection f !   

sun is af=d$4 ,if free range is q       
impossible 7z x (t5 is = suburban       
p\ltry-keep]s71 ! birds mu/ be giv5 z   
l>ge y>ds z possible & suppli$ ) lots ( 
scrat*+ mat]ial1 ov] :i* small gra9 mu/ 
be scatt]$ two or ?ree times a day4     
,fre% gre5 bone w be bett] ?an ! beef   
scraps4 ,vegetable food is mo/ imp]ative
 "u su* circum/ances4 ,s[ a l>ge pat* ( 
,swiss *>d2 x is a true cut-&-come-aga9 
crop4 ,oats & rape are also useful crops
 = p\ltry-keep]s :o c give _! birds free
 range ?r\gh ! summ]4  ,a ^w ( w>n+3 ,if
 y are r$uc$ to cutt+ grass1 or use     
lawn-clipp+s1 be c>eful to h !m cut into
 %ort l5g?s ( n m ?an an in*1 o!rwise ! 
birds may become crop-b\nd4  ,! cock]els
 :i* g into ! m>ket-p5 are fatt5$ & sold
 z quickly z possible1 except ! few we  
keep = /ock1 & ^! are giv5 l>ge y>ds &  
f$ 9 ! same mann] z pullets on range4   
,= fatt5+ birds1 use gr\nd corn & oats 9
 equal p>ts1 add half a "p ( *>coal &   
moi/5 ) skim-milk4 ,give pl5ty ( gre5   
food & %>p grit4 ,fe$ little & (t54 ,all

 exp$ition mu/ be us$ 9 ! matt] (       
m>ket+1 = e day's delay aft] !y rea* !  
desir$ weight is a dead loss4  ,con/ant 
cull+ & m>ket+ is "o ( ! great secrets (
 success4 ,cull+ mu/ be obs]v$ j z      
rigidly :5 select+ w9t] /ock4 ,disc>d   
any faulty birds4 ,!re are always "s 9 e
 flock1 ev5 if ! p>5t birds h be5       
blue-ribbon specim5s3 ,crook$ tails or  
feet1 e>-lobes :i* are r$ in/ead ( :ite1
 or :ite in/ead ( r$1 accord+ to !      
v>iety y may be keep+4 ,wy&ottes1       
,orp+tons1 ,plym\? ,rocks1 ,brahmas or  
,co*9s %\ld all h bright-r$ e>-lobes4   
,leghorns1 ,m9orcas & ,&alusians %\ld be
 pure :ite4 ,x is a bright1             
en]getic-look+ pullet :i* makes ! be/   
lay]1 & x is n pr(itable to keep any b !
 be/ lay]s1 s put !m into small p5s &   
fatt54 ,! "y roo/]s br+ good prices 9 ! 
fall1 & _! abs5ce f ! f>m r$uces        
fe$-bills & prev5ts cr[d+ 9 ! h\se1 :i* 
is always disa/r\s4  ,d n delay1 aft]   
,septemb] fir/1 9 gett+ ! pullets into  
_! w9t] qu>t]s1 = x is mo/ important t  

!y become accu/om$ to _! new surr\nd+s &
 reconcil$ to ! *ange f free range to   
semi-inactivity4 ,x (t5 takes five or   
six weeks = !m to become accu/om$ to !  
new conditions1 &1 unless !y h "t to    
adju/ !mselves1 !y won't />t lay+ until 
cold wea!r sets 91 :i* means t !        
egg-crop is likely to be unpr(itably    
delay$4     ,,july ,,9 ,,!              
,,p\ltry-,,y>d   ,x is /range t few p   
except ! real p\ltry-f>m]s realise t    
,july is "o ( ! mo/ important mon?s 9 ! 
ye>4 ,! desire to h eggs 9 z]o wea!r    
inv>iably compels good att5tion to ! h5s
 dur+ ! w9t]4 ,baby *icks ar\se int]e/ 9
 ! spr+1 b z ! wea!r gets w>m]1 eggs are
 pl5tiful1 & ! pretty1 fluffy babies    
develop$ into long1 lanky creatures1 :o 
seem no?+ b a nuisance specially orda9$ 
to de/roy ! g>d51 s ! poor ?+s are %ut  
up 9 small qu>t]s & woefully neglect$4  
,dur+ ! fall & w9t] ,i am repeat$ly ask$
 h[ to make pullets & h5s lay1 b ,i c   
r>ely sugge/ a rem$y1 because n9e times 
out ( t5 x is ! result ( blund]s made   

dur+ ! prec$+ summ]4  ,i don't believe 9
 sacrific+ ! g>d5 to ! *ick5s1 b ,i d   
?9k !y %\ld be prop]ly controll$4 ,a    
roll ( two-in*-me% wire nett+ five feet 
high co/s only ab\t f\r doll>s4 ,at !   
price ( eggs n[adays a few doz5 w pay = 
x4 ,po/s c be cut 9 ! wood-lot on mo/   
f>ms1 s a y>d = a good-siz$ flock c     
easily be made = less ?an five doll>s4  
,! be/ plan is to run a division f5ce   
d[n ! c5tre1 s ! birds c be conf9$ 9 "o 
half alt]nately1 = by su* means a supply
 ( gre5 food c be kept gr[+ until fro/4 
,! gr\nd %\ld be pl\gh$1 & se$$ to rye  
or oats1 be=e ! wire is put up4 ,if     
p\ltry is to be pr(itable1 ! old & "y   
/ock mu/ be kept ap>t1 because x is     
impossible to fe$ correctly :5 !y are   
all toge!r4 ,"y birds ne$ pl5ty (       
nutriti\s food to pu% !m along quickly1 
& lay+ h5s mu/ be put on special rations
 to br+ ab\t e>ly molt+1 :i* is !       
f\ndation ( a good w9t] supply ( eggs4  
,ab\t ,july #e? comm5ce to cut d[n ! fe$
 gradually1 until at ! end ( two weeks  

=ty h5s are hav+ only a p9t ( oats & a  
p9t ( :eat mix$1 night & morn+4 ,scatt] 
x among/ cut /raw or "s litt]1 s !y w h 
to scrat* = e gra94 ,! fir/ ( ,augu/    
comm5ce to increase ! rations1 & keep x 
up = a week1 s t by ! fifte5? !y are    
gett+ two qu>ts ( ma% 9 ! morn+1 a qu>t 
( meat scraps & a p9t ( crack$ corn at  
noon & :eat & oats or b>ley at night4   
,give !m j ab\t all !y w eat up clean 9 
fifte5 m9utes4 ,! morn+ ma% %\ld be     
compos$ ( two p>ts gr\nd fe$ 7corn &    
oats71 "o "p :ite middl+s & "o "p       
oil-meal1 mix$ ) scald+ milk or wat]4 ,!
 semi-/>vation foll[$ by ! heavy fe$    
=ces ! m\lt+ season & all[s pl5ty ( "t  
to fea!r out & get into condition be=e  
,octob]1 :5 _! rations %\ld be made up (
 ! ess5tials = egg-production1 :i* are  
clov] hay1 bran1 :eat1 corn & animal    
food4  ,y see1 x takes ab\t ?ree mon?s =
 h5s to get rid ( _! old fea!rs & put on
 a new coat1 & if ! process is n =c$ 9  
"s way1 !y w n comm5ce be=e ,augu/1 :i* 
w\ld make x ,octob] be=e !y f9i%$4 ,(   

c\rse t w\ld be "t en\gh if x happ5$ to 
be a w>m1 late fall1 b if cold w9t]     
wea!r sets 91 z x (t5 does 9 ,novemb]1  
h5s w\ld n lay be=e spr+1 z m\lt+ leaves
 !m 9 a m or less debilitat$ condition4 
,lots ( p make ! mi/ake ( sell+ (f h5s z
 soon z !y cease lay+ at ?is season1 :i*
 means t !y are usually p>t+ ) ! birds t
 w\ld make ! real w9t] lay]s4 ,h5s t lay
 ?r\gh ! summ]1 & d n cease until !     
fall1 w be idle & unpr(itable 9 ! w9t]4 
,x is ! g5]al disreg>d ( ! m\lt+ p]iod  
:i* causes s _m failures 9 ! w9t] supply
 ( eggs4 ,! rule %\ld be to sell (f all 
! h5s t h be5 lay+ /eadily ?r\gh ! summ]
 & comm5c$ to %$ fea!rs 9 ,septemb]4    
,gr[+ fea!rs is a try+ ordeal1 & !      
consequ5ce is t :5 ! h5 beg9s to m\lt %e
 ceases to lay1 = %e _c produce eggs &  
fea!rs at ! same "t4  ,fea!rs are       
compos$ l>gely ( nitrog5 & m9]al matt]4 
,t is :y ! food at m\lt+ "t has to be s 
v nutriti\s4 ,to fe$ no?+ b corn at su* 
a "t is simply wa/e1 z ! h5 _c produce  
new fea!rs f su* a diet4 ,if %e is on   

free range %e w\ld h a bett] *ance (    
ga!r+ ! necess>y mat]ial1 b ev5 !n1 if !
 fea!r+ process is delay$ too long1 ! h5
 becomes exhau/$1 & is susceptible to   
cold & all sorts ( diseases4 ,?is is !  
real reason :y r\p & swell$ head are s  
preval5t 9 ! fall4  ,"y birds hat*$ out 
9 ,april or !reab\ts usually comm5ce to 
lay 9 ,novemb]1 because !y h n be5      
subject to ! dra9 ^u ! con/itution caus$
 by m\lt+4 ,b *ick5s t h be5 hat*$ 9    
,febru>y or e>ly ,m>* are v liable to   
m\lt late 9 ! fall1 j :5 !y %\ld be     
comm5c+ to lay4 ,= ?is reason x is z    
well to m>ket all ! fir/-hat*$ *ick5s1 &
 hold ov] ^? hat*$ late 9 ,m>* or ?r\gh 
,april1 to increase ! lay+ flock4  ,cull
 all "y /ock d[n closely4 ,don't keep a 
lot ( "y cock]els to eat up ! pr(its    
dur+ ! w9t]4 ,ev5 pullets :i* are at all
 backw>d %\ld be m>ket$1 = !y won't     
develop aft] cold wea!r sets 91 & x does
 n pay to keep !m ?r\gh = summ] lay]s4  
,mo/ ( ! failures made 9 ! p\ltry       
bus9ess are due to p n hav+ ! c\rage to 

clean out non-productive birds4 ,j      
calculate h[ _m qu>ts ( fe$ t5 gr[+     
birds w eat 9 sev5 mon?s1 & ,i ?9k y w  
be conv9c$ t x is unfair to expect !    
flock to support !m & /ill %[ a pr(it4  
,! tr\ble is t p don't realise t "y /ock
 /& /ill z soon z cold wea!r />ts1      
rema9+ almo/ /ation>y until spr+4 ,ano!r
 evil ( keep+ undevelop$ /ock is t !y   
occupy h\se-room & cr[d ! old] birds4   
,n[ is ! "t to wage w> on v]m91 :ile !  
bright days la/2 turn ! h5s out & h a   
good h\seclean+4 ,use pl5ty ( hot       
limewa% to :i* k]os5e & crude c>bolic   
acid h be5 add$4 ,if y h two h\ses1 cr[d
 all ! birds into "o = a few days1 & :5 
! empty h\se has be5 ?or\ghly clean$1   
comm5ce to cat* ! birds at night1 & p[d]
 ?or\ghly4 ,use ,dalmatian or ! home    
made p[d] 9 an ord9>y t9 fl\r-dr$g]1 &  
aft] %ak+ a good supply into ! fea!rs1  
use y\r h&s to rub x well into ! fluffy 
p>ts ne> ! sk94 ,x is well to repeat !  
dose ab\t ?ree days aft]4 ,9 ?us do+    
h\se & birds at ! same "t1 y may be     

reasonably sure ( hav+ ext]m9at$ ! pe/s 
= a few mon?s1 at lea/4 ,rememb] to rake
 up all ! fall+ leaves1 to be us$ =     
scrat*+ mat]ial4 ,a bagful scatt]$ on ! 
floor ( ! *ick5-h\se once or twice a    
week w increase ! egg-yield & keep !    
birds heal?y dur+ en=c$ conf9em5t4      
,be=e ,i =get x1 let me rem9d y n to fe$
 new corn to ! f[ls4 ,e ye>1 ab\t ?is   
season1 ,i get quantities ( lett]s tell+
 ( good1 fat h5s1 ! picture ( heal?1 :i*
 h be5 f\nd dead4 ,acute indige/ion1    
br\ght on by eat+ unseason$ corn1 is !  
cause4 ,s be c>eful4 ,if y\r la/ ye>'s  
supply has run out1 x is bett] to buy a 
few bags ?an lose h5s on :om y dep5d =  
w9t] eggs4 ,/ore all ! cabbage or o!r   
gre5 vegetables y c be=e x is too late4 
,look ! h\se ov] & /op up all cracks &  
crevices4 ,a draft f a small hole may   
give "o bird a cold :i* may develop into
 r\p & infect ! :ole flock1 ?\gh an     
op5-front h\se ) only musl9 scre5s may  
be heal?y4  ,ab\t op5-front h\ses1 ,i   
don't believe 9 !m = lay+ /ock4 ,if ,i 7

 go+ to c>ry a lot ( "y birds or h5s :i*
 w n lay until ,april1 ,i might adopt ! 
op5-front h\se z a matt] ( economy1 b n 
o!rwise4 ,i c't see :at is ga9$ by !m--t
 is1 9 cold latitudes4 ,9 ! ,s\? !y are 
probably all "r4 ,we all "k t ! great   
p]c5tage ( food suppli$ dur+ cold wea!r 
goes to keep up bodily w>m?1 & t if we  
expect eggs 9 z]o wea!r we mu/ supply ! 
h5s ) suffici5t provisions to n\ri% !   
body1 g5]ate heat & all[ a surplus to be
 conv]t$ into eggs4 ,by provid+ tight1  
w>m sleep+-qu>t]s1 we save "s ( ! food  
:i* w\ld be us$ = w>m? 9 a cold h\se4   
,pl5ty ( fre% air ,i d believe 91 b     
ev]y?+ likes to be w>m dur+ ! /ill1 d>k 
h\rs4  ,i h (t5 se5 ! argum5t us$ t wild
 birds1 :i* h no h\ses at all1 are      
always heal?y4 ,b h[ (t5 d we he> ab\t  
numb]s ( birds be+ f\nd dead aft] a     
sev]e /orm4 ,:at is m1 wild birds only  
lay dur+ ! spr+ ( ! ye>4 ,:5 man upsets 
,nature's laws to supply human wants1 he
 %\ld /op quot+ ,nature's ways4 ,our    
pres5t-day h51 :i* lays1 or is expect$  

to lay1 "o hundr$ & eighty to two hundr$
 eggs a ye>1 is a v diff]5t creature f !
 wild h51 & %e mu/ be provid$ ) bett]   
food1 h\s+ & c>e4  ,z ( c\rse y "k1     
diff]5t food mat]ials conta9 diff]5t    
qualities4 ,"s give u ! fat necess>y =  
w>m?2 o!rs1 nitrog5\s qualities1 :i* =m 
fle%2 /ill o!rs1 m9]als1 su* z lime1    
soda1 etc41 etc41 ne$$ = bone & muscle4 
,all k9ds ( animals1 birds1 & ev5 human 
be+s1 require "s quantity ( ^! +r$i5ts1 
o!rwise "o "p ( ! body or n]v\s sy/em w 
be />v$1 :ile ano!r w be ov]f$4 ,) ! h5 
x is ( great importance t %e h all ^!   
diff]5t +r$i5ts well bl5d$ 9 h] food1 z 
%e requires !m n only to su/a9 h] 9     
heal?1 b also = ! =mation ( eggs4  ,we w
 />t ) ! foods t give ! greate/ quantity
 ( lime1 because x is ne$$ = %ell1 & "s 
fractional "p 9 ! :ite & yolk1 mo/      
ess5tial1 = x is turn$ dur+ incubation  
into bone1 ! v f\ndation ( ! *ick54     
,clov] hay1 l9se$-meal & :eat bran      
conta9 ab\t six p\nds ( lime 9 e hundr$1
 & turnip-tops1 c>rots & all grasses h a

 goodly p]c5tage4 ,fle% comes f         
nitrog5\s or album5al foods1 fir/ ( :i* 
are beef1 l9se$-meal1 middl+s1 bran1    
clov] hay1 :eat & skimm$ milk4 ,fat &   
heat we get f c>bonace\s prov5d]s1 among
 :i* corn & buck:eat lead1 closely      
foll[$ by oats1 :eat1 rye1 clov] hay1   
l9se$-meal & unskimm$ milk4  ,m9]al     
matt]--lime1 soda1 pota%1 magnesia &    
sulphur--is pr9cipally =m$ by ! action (
 dige/ion r$uc+ ! matt] conta9+ ^!      
+r$i5ts to a%4 ,! usual tr\bles assail+ 
p\ltry on mo/ f>ms come f ! fe$+ ( only 
"o ( ^! elem5ts4 ,poor ,biddy has all   
fle% & no w>m?1 or all fat & no fle%4   
,kill a bird t has be5 f$ on corn only1 
& x w be heavy ) lay]s ( int]nal fat1 b 
%[+ a v poor dep? ( brea/-meat4 ,balanc+
 rations1 try+ to equalise fle%1 fat    
7w>m?7 & m9]al1 is n a v h>d proposition
 :5 ! values ( ev5 a few gra9s & plants 
are realis$4  ,hav+ read s f>1 y w n[   
realise t clov] hay1 l9se$-meal1 bran1  
:eat1 oats1 beef scraps & unskimm$ milk 
conta9 practically all ! equival5ts (   

summ] foods2 ! addition1 !re=e1 ( corn1 
buck:eat or rye 9 cold wea!r is safe &  
simple if giv5 only z w>m?-mak]s4 ,nev] 
all[ ! proportion to exce$ :at is ne$$ =
 t purpose1 or fat w be made & /or$1    
neutralis+ all y\r c>e4 ,9 o!r words1 ! 
h5 f$ on corn only1 9 ord] to accumulate
 ! t5 p>ts ( fle% & tw5ty p>ts ( fat    
ne$$ = ! egg1 w be compell$ to acquire  
fifty p>ts m fat ?an %e requires4  ,gre5
 bone & wat] n[ alone rema9 =           
consid]ation4 ,! =m] is beyond d\bt !   
be/ ( egg foods1 qualify+ z x does 9    
ne>ly all ! ne$$ elem5ts4 ,_m f>m]s sc(f
 at ! idea ( hav+ to pay = a mill to cut
 up bone = *ick5s1 yet ! same m5 w n    
grudge a hay-cutt] = ! horse & c[4 ,gre5
 bone means fre% bone f ! but*]1 :i* c  
be b\ght = ab\t two c5ts a p\nd4 ,! mill
 to gr9d x ranges f eight to fifte5     
doll>s4  ,gre5 bone conta9s ! natural   
meat1 juices1 blood1 gri/le1 oil & m9]al
 matt] 9 soluble condition1 :i* r5d]s x 
easy ( dige/ion1 especially =           
birds--almo/ all ! compon5ts = eggs     

7:ite1 yolk & %ell71 9 ! mo/ conc5trat$ 
=m possible4 ,s1 if eggs are to become  
pr(itable1 ! bone-mill mu/ be kept go+4 
,:5 x is impossible to obta9 ! gre5 or  
fre% bone1 ! gr\nd bone sold especially 
= p\ltry c be us$1 ?\gh x is n half s   
satisfactory1 because ! dry+ process x  
has to submit to be=e gr9d+ leaves      
little b ! phosphate ( lime & e>?y      
matt]1 :i* clov] & bran furni% 9 bett]  
=m4 ,at lea/ half ! egg is compos$ (    
wat]1 surely a suffici5t reason =       
impress+ ! importance ( a g5]\s supply  
accessible at all times1 9 clean di%es1 
( a prop] temp]ature1 cool 9 summ] & !  
*ill (f 9 w9t]4     ,a ,,flock ,,(      
,,turkeys   ,!re are six v>ieties (     
turkeys3 ,bronze1 ,:ite ,holl&1 ,b\rbon 
,r$s1 black1 buff1 slate & ,n>ragansett4
 ,b ! ?ree fir/ are ! ones mo/ wor?     
rais+ specially = m>ket1 z !y are l>ge  
birds & ! mo/ popul> v>ieties4 ,s x is  
easy to get good /ock1 to />t )1 :i* is 
( p>am\nt importance4  ,a trio ( any "o 
( ! ?ree v>ieties w co/ f fifte5 to     

tw5ty doll>s1 & if only tw5ty birds are 
re>$ ! fir/ ye> = m>ket1 !y w br+ at    
lea/ sixty doll>s4 ,t is plac+ ! av]age 
weight at twelve p\nds & price          
tw5ty-five c5ts a p\nd4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 
absurd1 :5 y consid] t "y toms weigh    
tw5ty p\nds & pullets fifte51 fe$ c\ld n
 possibly co/ m ?an t5 doll>s1 :i* w\ld 
leave ?irty doll>s' pr(it ! fir/ ye>4   
,a successful turkey-rais] told me he _h
 kept 8 birds 9 y>ds = twelve ye>s1 s ,i
 felt safe 9 adopt+ ! plan4 ,i suppose  
,i ought to h said inclosures1 = !y     
cov]$ ab\t half an acre ea*4 ,! l& 0    
%aly1 ) a rocky backgr\nd1 b !re 7 pl5ty
 ( clumps ( scrub bru% & f]ns1 f ! rocks
 to ! top ( ! two acres !y us$4 ,! gr\nd
 slop$ to ! s\?2 a spot ( no e>?ly good 
= any o!r purpose1 b p]fectly ideal =   
turkeys4  ,h[ev]1 z our f>m _h no su*   
place1 ,i utilis$ a /rip ( poor bru% l& 
:i* _h good natural dra9age & made ?ree 
inclosures1 ea* "o hundr$ feet wide &   
?ree hundr$ feet long4 ,an op5-front %$ 
twelve feet long & t5 feet wide 0 built 

9 ea*4 ,!y 7 j r\gh %elt]s built out (  
slabs & ! only fitt+s 7 p]*es made out (
 sassafras poles1 none ( !m less ?an n9e
 in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,?is is "o ( !    
important items 9 fix+ a place =        
turkeys4 ,be+ heavy1 l>ge-foot$ birds1  
!y are uncom=table & positively suff] if
 condemn$ to balance !mselves on slight 
p]*es su* z *ick5s use4  ,x took f\r    
loads ( slabs to make ! ?ree %$s1 & !y  
co/ sev5ty-five c5ts a load at !        
sawmill4 ,wire nett+ co/ =ty-eight      
doll>s1 p]*es & po/s 7 cut 9 our own    
woods1 & ! home help did ! "w4  ,i got  
t5 female birds f ! ,massa*usetts f>m = 
fifty doll>s & two toms f ,long ,isl& = 
tw5ty doll>s4 ,we s5t = ! birds e>ly 9  
,decemb] s t !y %\ld h "t to get        
?or\ghly at home 9 _! new qu>t]s be=e ! 
lay+ season4 ,be=e !y arriv$1 ! front ( 
! %$s 0 cov]$ ) wire nett+1 s t we c\ld 
keep !m %ut up at fir/1 b aft] two or   
?ree weeks x 0 remov$ & !y 7 all[$ !    
range ( ! y>ds4 ,! wire ar\nd !         
inclosure 0 only f\r feet high & "o w+ (

 ea* bird 0 cut to prev5t !m fly+ ov] x4
  ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,flock ,,( ,,turkeys
  ,e>ly 9 ,m>* a half-b>rel 0 secret$   
among ! bru%1 9 bo? ! occupi$ y>ds1 s t 
! h5s w\ld be accu/om$ to _! appe>ance  
&1 we hop$1 consid] safe hid+-places =  
_! eggs4 ,! plan answ]$ spl5didly4 ,ab\t
 ! middle ( ! mon? we comm5c$ to keep a 
look\t = eggs 9 ! half-b>rel & = /ol5   
ne/s4 ,:5 an egg 0 f\nd1 x 0 purlo9$1 & 
a *9a "o put 9 its place2 ditto :5 !    
second egg 0 tak51 b aft] t1 no m *9a   
eggs 7 dropp$1 = two always seem$ to    
satisfy ,mrs4 ,turkey4  ,unlike common  
h5s1 turkeys are n attract$ to a ne/ by 
an egg4 ,9 fact1 !y reta9 s mu* ( ! wild
 bird t !y w n adopt a ne/ t has be5 us$
 by any o!r bird1 s nev] di/ribute      
ne/-eggs z decoys1 b only z sub/itutes =
 ^? ab/ract$4  ,! matt] ( fe$+ ! old    
birds is ( great importance & is ! rock 
mo/ f>m]s f\nd] on4 ,too (t5 ! birds are
 left to =age = !mselves or1 at ! be/1  
are giv5 unc]ta9 quantities ( corn1 :i* 
means t !y are mis]ably ?9 & dilapidat$ 

or outrage\sly fat4 ,9 ei!r case !y lack
 ! compon5ts :i* ! egg = hat*+ %\ld     
possess4 ,result1 weak y\ng/]s :i* are  
doom$ to die1 no matt] h[ mu* c>e is    
lavi%$ on !m4  ,i once he>d an old      
p\ltryman say t ! c>e ( ! *ick mu/      
comm5ce :5 its "m is hat*$4 ,?is may    
seem ambigu\s to ! amateur1 b x is      
lit]ally a fact & "o :i* my             
,massa*usetts fri5d _h made me und]/& 0 
mo/ pot5t :5 appli$ to turkeys4 ,s our  
turkeys are f$ ) special ref]5ce to     
supply+ ! +r$i5ts to be conv]t$ into    
bone & vig\r 9 ! birds to be4 ,breakfa/3
 ,*opp$ clov]-hay1 /eam$ ov]night1 two  
qu>ts2 corn & oats gr\nd toge!r1 "o     
qu>t2 beef-scraps1 half a p9t4 ,at noon1
 "o qu>t ( oats1 ,kafir-corn or b>ley   
scatt]$ broadca/ 9 ! y>ds4 ,at night1   
:ole corn :5 ! wea!r is v cold1 b z x   
mod]ates 9 ! spr+ ! am\nt is decreas$ & 
:eat is us$ 9 its place4  ,^! are _!    
regul> rations f ,decemb] to ,april1 :5 
! beef-scraps & corn are entirely       
omitt$4 ,wat] & grit is be=e !m all !   

"t4 ,we buy scre5+s f ! /one-cru%] &1 z 
x is *eap1 dump a lot into ea* y>d twice
 a ye>4  ,i g5]ally /eal ! fir/ t5 eggs 
f ea* ne/ & set !m "u ! h5s4 ,h[ev] _m a
 turkey lays aft] t1 %e is all[$ to keep
 & hat* !m4 ,x takes !m tw5ty-n9e days  
to hat*1 & l>ge1 mo!rly old h5s %\ld be 
*os5 f ! *ick5-h\se to d ! incubat+4 ,x 
is n safe to put m ?an five su* eggs "u 
an ord9>y h54  ,:5 ! hat* is ov]1 put ! 
h5 into a brood-coop &1 9 front ( x1 put
 a box ab\t n9e in*es deep & l>ge en\gh 
to =m a y>d = ! babies to ex]cise 94 ,x 
is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y to remove "p or ! 
:ole ( ! end ( ! box :i* jo9s ! front ( 
! coop1 s t ! little ones c run 9 & out4
 ,cov] ! bottom ( ! box ) co>se s& & put
 a small dr9k+-f\nta9 9 "o corn]4 ,?us !
 babies w h a safe place to play 9 !    
fir/ few days ( infancy1 :5 !y mu/ be   
kept dry4 ,aft] t ! box c be remov$ & ! 
coop mov$ a few feet e day = ! sake (   
cleanl9ess4  ,:5 ,mrs4 ,turkey's brood  
hat*es1 we treat !m 9 ! same way1 only !
 brood-coop is specially made & is mu*  

l>g] ?an ! ord9>y h5-coop4 ,! fir/ fe$ !
 babies h is /ale home-made bread soak$ 
9 scald$ milk1 :i* is squeez$ out ( x   
be=e x is f$4 ,l little *icks1 !y mu/ h 
no?+ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 !n little & (t5  
mu/ be ! rule4  ,nev] leave food 9 front
 ( little turkeys1 = !y are v apt to    
ov]eat4 ,aft] two weeks !y ne$ only be  
f$ f\r times a day2 aft] ! f\r? week    
?ree times a day4 ,aft] ! fir/ two days 
add a little h>d-boil$ egg :i* has be5  
*opp$ f9e1 )\t remov+ ! %ell1 & a few   
days lat]1 p9-head oatmeal & gr\nd      
*>coal2 ab\t a teaspoonful ( ! latt] to 
a cupful ( bread & oatmeal4  ,by ! end (
 two weeks gradually r$uce ! bread &    
increase ! oatmeal1 :i* %\ld be cook$   
ab\t half an h\r & all[$ to dry out1 s x
 is easily crumbl$ :5 cool4  ,aft] !    
f\r? week1 ord9>y gr\nd oats1 j moi/5$ )
 scald+ milk1 may be us$4 ,half-boil$   
liv]1 *opp$ f9e1 is ! be/ animal food to
 give4 ,:5 t is n practicable1 use ! be/
 br& ( comm]cial gr\nd beef1 "o         
teaspoonful to a qu>t ( meal1 because x 

is v /rong & liable to produce di>rhea1 
a disease :i* attacks "y turkeys almo/  
soon] ?an any o!r "y bird4 ,wat*        
c>efully & at ! fir/ evid5ce ( any      
loos5ess ( ! b[els give boil$ rice to   
eat & rice-wat] or cold tea to dr9k4    
,wat* newly-hat*$ babies = a few days at
 fe$-"t1 = !re is (t5 "o or m t ne$s to 
be taught h[ to eat4 ,?is is especially 
s :5 !y are ) common h5s4 ,b a little   
pati5ce 9 crumbl+ close 9 front ( !m &  
coax+ !m to pick x up w ov]come !       
difficulty4 ,aft] !y are eight weeks old
 we take !m f ! h5s & put !m into ! ?ird
 y>d1 :i* is kept exclusively = "y /ock4
  ,at night !y are driv5 into ! %$1 !   
front ( :i* is always kept cov]$ ) wire 
nett+1 s t !y c be clos$ 9 until !y get 
accu/om$ to roo/+4 ,( c\rse1 ! p]*es 9  
?is %$ are put ne>] ! gr\nd & are mu*   
small] ?an ^? int5d$ = gr[n birds4 ,ab\t
 ,octob] #a/ !y are all[$ ! free range (
 ! f>m & are f$ on corn at night & giv5 
all ! milk !y w dr9k1 to get !m into    
good kill+ condition be=e ,?anksgiv+1 :5

 !y are all sold (f1 except p]haps a few
 extra good ones1 :i* we may keep =     
/ock4 ,! old birds are also all[$ free  
range f ,octob] until ,febru>y1 b !y are
 f$ 9 ! y>ds at night & are %ut 9 s t !y
 don't =m any bad w&]+ habits4  ,9 buy+ 
/ock1 be g5]\s & get ! v be/1 f "s      
well-kn[n turkey-rais]4 ,ord9>y f>m /ock
 is s apt to be inbr$ t1 al?\gh ! birds 
may look all "r1 x is n safe to buy !m =
 bre$+ purposes1 z a want ( /am9a w     
surely %[ 9 ! y\ng/]s4  ,= ! same reason
 x is be/ to get ! h5-birds f "o place &
 ! toms f ano!r4 ,if y are go+ to keep  
,b\rbon ,r$s or bronze1 x is advisable  
to buy half-wild toms4 ,^! are ! result 
( cross+ wild gobbl]s ) dome/ic h5s1 :i*
 is done by l>ge bre$]s to infuse new   
blood & keep up ! vig\r ( _! /ock4      
,p]sonally1 ,i l ! ,:ite ,holl& turkey  
be/1 z !y are dome/icat$ & be> conf9em5t
 well4  ,if y are only go+ to keep a few
 birds1 say a trio or five h5s & a      
gobbl]1 l>ge y>ds are n necess>y1 b a %$
 ov] :i* nett+ c be put1 %\ld always be 

set ap>t = _! use1 s t !y c be f$ & %ut 
up at night4 ,nev]1 "u any circum/ances1
 keep any ( ! pullets y raise1 unless y 
*ange y\r gobbl]4 ,don't let two gobbl]s
 run ) ! flock at ! same "t4 ,if y want 
to increase y\r numb] ( birds1 y mu/    
ei!r put up inclosures or alt]nate !    
gobbl]s e two days4     ,,ducks ,,&     
,,geese   ,ducks are s pr(itable t ,i _c
 und]/& :y s few keep !m1 unless x is ! 
mi/ak5 idea t !y mu/ h a /ream or pond 9
 :i* to swim4 ,x is true t ! old-fa%ion$
 puddle duck did seem a mis]able        
creature out ( wat]1 b ! improv$ /ra9s  
are almo/ z mu* l& birds z *ick5s are4  
,my /ock />t$ ) two ducks & a drake :i* 
_h co/ me sev5 doll>s4 ,! fir/ season ,i
 rais$ fifty-eight1 sold =ty-six1 & kept
 twelve to /ock4 ,!y 7 ready = m>ket :5 
elev5 weeks old1 & ! l[e/ price 0       
eighte5 c5ts a p\nd4  ,ducks mu/ h dry1 
com=table qu>t]s1 b a spl5did h\se =    
tw5ty ducks c be made on any f>m = a    
doll>1 or ev5 less4 ,"o man :o keeps    
l>ge flocks makes duck h\ses ) hurdles (

 gre5 b\ghs = walls & ro(1 ! outside    
padd$ ) leaves1 /raw1 corn /alks or c$> 
b\ghs4 ,ea* h\se is six feet by f\r feet
 & two & "o half feet high1 &           
accommodates sev5 ducks & a drake4      
,dry-goods boxes1 co/+ t5 c5ts at any   
village /ore1 c be made com=table = a   
small flock4 ,! ma9 po9t is to keep !m  
dry1 :i* dep5ds almo/ m on ! c>e giv5 to
 ! cov]+ ( ! floor ?an ! wall ( ! h\se4 
,good1 dry b$d+1 *ang$ at lea/ twice a  
week1 w keep !m w>m & happy ?r\gh !     
colde/ wea!r4  ,ducks' eggs br+ good    
prices dur+ ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,y c easily
 get !m to lay+ by !n1 z x dep5ds       
pr9cipally on fe$+4 ,ducks1 l geese or  
cattle1 mu/ h a good p]c5tage ( bulk    
mat]ial & gre5 /uff1 z well z conc5trat$
 gra9 fe$4 ,clov] hay1 or ev5 mix$ hay1 
*opp$ & /eam$1 ab\t half a pailful ) a  
p9t ( co>sely gr\nd corn-meal & ! same (
 bran mix$ ?r\gh x1 is ab\t "r4 ,if hay 
is %ort1 *op corn /alks small1 & /eam4  
,*opp$ vegetables ( all k9ds are good1 b
 pumpk9s1 potatoes & beets are fatt5+2  

s1 unless ! wea!r is v cold1 omit ! corn
 :5 !y are f$1 us+ m bran or scre5+s 9  
its place4  ,9 ! summ] h ! *ildr5 ga!r  
planta91 dock1 gr\ndsel or any o!r      
non-poison\s we$s4 ,h sug> b>rels ready1
 & pack 9 ! we$s :ile fre%4 ,get a      
heavy1 solid bo>d r\nd$ (f to fit inside
 ! b>rel1 put on top ( ! gre5 /uff1 &   
weight d[n ) heavy /ones4 ,pad up tight 
) pap]1 sawdu/1 /raw or any loose       
mat]ial1 & replace ! head ( ! b>rel4 ,:5
 sn[ cov]s ! gr\nd1 su* food w increase 
! eggs f bo? ducks & *ick5s4  ,oak      
leaves1 acorns & pig hickories d n take 
long to ga!r 9 ! fall1 & w tone up !    
appetites ( pigs1 *ick5s & ducks late 9 
,janu>y1 :5 !y are gett+ tir$ ( gra9    
fe$4  ,illu/ration  ,illu/ration3       
,,ducks ,,& ,,geese  ,imp]ial ,pek91    
,r\5 & ,indian ,runn]s h be5 ! be/ m>ket
 bre$s ( ducks = "s ye>s pa/1 & are /ill
 spl5did fell[s1 bo? = eggs & table1 &  
_! new rivals1 ! ,buff ,orp+ton ducks1 q
 equal !m z utility birds4  ,ducks make 
su* bad mo!rs t x is bett] to hat* _!   

eggs "u h5s or 9 incubators4 ,! fir/ few
 eggs a duck lays ea* season are seldom 
f]tile4 ,elev5 are a full sitt+1 & x    
requires tw5ty-eight days = _! hat*+4   
,exam9e ! ne/ e two or ?ree days aft]   
sett+ ! h51 = bad eggs4 ,a weak g]m t   
dies causes ! egg to decompose1 & ! od\r
 once smell$ c nev] be =gott54  ,exam9e 
! ne/ :5 ! h5 comes (f to fe$1 & take   
away ! eggs t are d>k & mottl$4 ,if y   
fancy an egg looks wrong1 pick x up &   
smell x2 t & its /icky t\* assure y1 = !
 egg is por\s4 ,if y h be5 us+ an       
incubator to hat* *icks y c te/ ) a     
prop] te/]1 & ?is mu/ be done all ! "t f
 ! f\r? to ! fifte5? day4  ,:5 ! hat* is
 ov] at ! end ( ! tw5ty-eigh? day1 h    
ready a box ab\t a foot deep & ?ree feet
 long1 ! top out & "o end tak5 (f4      
,place ! op5 end aga9/ ! coop door1 s   
mak+ a little run1 ) a bo>d floor cov]$ 
) an in* ( dry s& or e>?4 ,baby ducks   
ne$ ev5 m protection f damp ?an *icks2  
!re=e1 if ! wea!r is bad1 keep ! coop & 
run "u cov]1 & if f9e1 ! %ade ( a tree  

is necess>y1 = ! little fell[s c't /& ! 
full sun4 ,aft] a week ! h5 c be remov$1
 b keep !m )9 b\nds on %ort grass1 n    
lett+ !m out until ! dew is gone4  ,=   
tw5ty-f\r h\rs fe$ no?+4 ,fir/ week3    
,half a p9t ( roll$ oats1 "s crack] or  
/ale bread crumbs1 two h>d-boil$ eggs   
*opp$ f9e1 half a cupful ( co>se s& j   
moi/5$ ) milk4 ,fe$ f\r times a day j   
:at !y w eat 9 t5 m9utes4  ,second &    
?ird weeks3 ,half a p\nd ( gr\nd oats1 !
 same ( :eat bran1 "o-f\r? ( a p9t (    
corn-meal1 ! same ( co>se s&1 two       
tablespoonfuls ( beef meal1 a p9t (     
f9ely cut gre5 clov]1 rye or cabbage    
moi/5$ ) scald$ milk4 ,!y mu/ be f$ f\r 
times a day4  ,f\r? to six? week3 ,boil 
a qu>t ( hull$ oats = an h\r1 add a p9t 
( corn-meal1 :eat bran1 half a p9t ( f9e
 grit1 ! same ( beef scraps & a qu>t (  
clov] or any k9d ( gre5 food4 ,fe$ f\r  
times a day4  ,six? to t5? week3 ,"o    
qu>t ( corn-meal1 a p9t ( :eat bran1 a  
p9t ( boil$ oats1 a p9t ( beef scraps1  
half a p9t ( grit1 a tablespoonful (    

*>coal & a p9t ( clov]4 ,fe$ ?ree times 
a day4  ,!y %\ld be ready to kill !     
elev5? week4  ,d n let ! ducks1 "y or   
old1 get fright5$ if y c possibly help  
x4 ,!y are n]v\s ?+s4 ,no matt] :at y   
fe$1 if !y are fright5$ or made to run  
daily1 !y w n fatt54 ,if y g ab\t !m    
g5tly !y are ! easie/ ?+s to drive any  
di/ance1 = :]e "o goes1 all foll[2 hurry
 !m & !y w scatt]1 & x is good-bye to !m
 = h\rs4  ,! fe$ = ^? to be kept = /ock 
is ! same up to ?ree weeks old1 b f t on
 "o qu>t ( gr\nd fe$1 "o qu>t ( bran1   
half a p9t ( grit & half a p9t ( beef   
scraps4 ,mix moi/ ) milk1 wat]1 s\r milk
 or butt]milk1 & fe$ night & morn+4 ,if 
on a free range ?is is all !y want4 ,if 
n1 y mu/ add clov] or vegetables1 & fe$ 
?ree times a day4 ,rememb] always to h  
fre%1 clean wat] be=e !m4  ,:5 ducks are
 t5 or elev5 weeks old !y %\ld be 9     
condition = m>ket4 ,e>ly gre5 ducks %\ld
 weigh n m ?an f\r & "o-half p\nds1 :ile
 lat] ducks _c be too heavy4 ,z a rule  
e>ly ducks mature v unev5ly1 mak+ x     

necess>y to sort !m ov] (t54  ,ducks are
 fit to dress = only a %ort "t4 ,!y 8g  
back10 z x is t]m$1 = !y %$ & gr[ a new 
lot ( fea!rs1 :i* takes all ! fat & all 
y\r pr(it4 ,h5ce ! importance ( turn+ !m
 into money z soon z possible4  ,9      
dress+ x is mo/ desirable to dry pick4  
,al?\gh "s /ill scald1 dry-pick$ /ock   
sells bett] ?an scald$1 especially :5 ! 
m>ket is dull1 = x c be froz51 :ile     
scald$ /ock _c4 ,= dry pick+ h a box = !
 fea!rs4 ,x may be ( any size y wi% on !
 gr\nd1 & %\ld be ( su* dep? t ! top    
edge is "o or two in*es l[] ?an y\r knee
 :5 9 a sitt+ position4 ,to use = cool+ 
! ducks1 saw a coal-oil b>rel 9 two2 use
 "o-half = cool+1 ! o!r half = cle> wat]
 to put !m 9 aft] wa%+4  ,to kill1 cat* 
! feet 9 ! left h&1 & ! neck ne> ! brea/
 ) ! "r h&1 !n ) a sw++ motion 7! same z
 9 us+ an axe71 /rike ! back ( ! head   
aga9/ a po/ ) suffici5t =ce to />t !    
blood f ! e>s4 ,n[ ) a quick motion     
place ! body "u y\r left arm1 cat*+ !   
back ( ! head & ! top ( ! bill 9 ! left 

h&4 ,us+ a knife ) a five-in* blade1    
make a cut crosswise at ! base ( ! bra91
 !n turn ! edge to ! ro( ( ! m\?1 & sla%
 outw>d1 be+ c>eful n to split ! bill4  
,let ! blood run = two seconds4  ,sit   
d[n4 ,place y\r knees aga9/ ! neck j    
tight en\gh to keep x 9 place4 ,if too  
mu* pressure is put on1 x w /op ! fl[ ( 
blood & give ! fle% a r$ appe>ance4     
,hold ! feet & w+s 9 ! left h&4 ,comm5ce
 pick+ at ! v5t1 !n ! brea/ & neck4 ,!  
fea!rs are left on half ! neck1 & on !  
w+s f ! fir/ jo9t out4 ,pick clean z y  
g1 = once ! duck gets cold1 x w be h>d  
to pick4 ,exp]ts use a %oemak]'s knife  
gr\nd ?91 & /rop x ! same z a razor1 to 
%ave ! p9 & small fea!rs (f4  ,aft]     
pick+1 put !m into ice wat] or cold spr+
 wat] until ! animal heat is gone2 !n   
wa% ! feet1 & wa% all clots ( blood f ! 
m\? & ?roat2 !n put into ano!r vessel ( 
wat]1 :i* takes all ! /a9s (f & gives a 
nice clean appe>ance4 ,aft] !y are clean
 y c put !m into a b>rel or box ) cru%$ 
ice1 & if left = twelve to tw5ty-f\r    

h\rs 9 ?is condition !y c be %ipp$ a    
long di/ance ) b little ice4 ,to make   
dress$ ducks %[ up good x is necess>y to
 take !m out ( clean wat] at ! f9i%4 ,! 
second vessel %\ld h clean wat] put 9 z 
soon z x gets cl\dy4  ,:5 pack+ =       
%ipm5t1 use fl\r or sug> b>rels4 ,pack )
 back d[n1 putt+ ! head "u ! w+4 ,pack  
close1 & leave a space on top = ice4    
,raise ! top hoop1 place burlap on top1 
drive ! hoop on aga91 ) ! burlap "u1 &  
nail firmly4 ,be=e us+1 ! b>rel %\ld be 
?or\ghly wa%$4 ,bore two ?ree-f\r?s-in* 
holes 9 ! bottom1 to dra94  ,a goose w  
lay f t5 to tw5ty eggs & !n want to sit2
 b if y coop h] 9 sight ( h] companions1
 f\r or five days w suffice to break h] 
up4 ,if %e lays a ?ird clut* ( eggs1 let
 h] keep !m & sit4  ,:5 ! wea!r is mild1
 set five eggs "u a h52 or1 if %e is v  
l>ge1 sev5 might be risk$4 ,x takes f   
tw5ty-eight to ?irty days = goose eggs  
to hat*4 ,z ! sk9 is v t\gh1 x is well  
to spr9kle a little wat] ar\nd ! ne/1 & 
ev5 on ! eggs !mselves1 dur+ ! la/ two  

weeks1 especially if ! wea!r is dry &   
h5s are do+ ! incubat+4  ,! y\ng/]s ne$ 
no?+ = ! fir/ ?irty-six h\rs4 ,!n fe$   
scald$ corn-meal--! co>se/ k9d--& :eat  
bran1 *opp$ gre5 clov] or "y gre5 oats  
cut f9e1 tops ( gre5 onions1 lettuce    
leaves or any t5d] "y gre5s4  ,if !     
wea!r is f9e1 put ! coop conta9+ ,biddy 
& h] family out on ! grass1 mak+ a small
 y>d 9 front = ! fir/ few days1 to      
prev5t _! w&]+ too f> away4 ,move ! coop
 & y>d to a new place z !y eat ! grass4 
,l "y ducks1 _! dr9k+ wat] mu/ be 9 a   
vessel t p]mits !m to put ! :ole beak   
into ! wat]1 or !y are apt to get ! air 
passages clogg$ up ) s(t food1 caus+ !  
gosl+ to smo!r2 b on no acc\nt mu/ !y be
 p]mitt$ to get _! bodies into ! wat]1 z
 !y *ill & cramp s easily4  ,x is mu*   
bett] to buy two- or ?ree-ye>-old birds 
f a reliable deal] = /ock ?an obta9 eggs
 = sett+ & wait = !m to develop4 ,aft] !
 bre$+ season is ov]1 geese & gosl+s ne$
 little gra9 if on grass l&4 ,late 9 !  
fall geese d well if turn$ into ! corn  

/ubble or ! or*>d1 :]e !y w clean up all
 ! w9dfalls--:i* does mu* to /amp out   
grubs & insects4     ,,pigeons ,,&      
,,squabs   ,:5 pigeons are kept =       
squab-rais+ x is "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable   
v5tures 9 :i* suburbanites or real      
c\ntry folks c emb>k4 ,! "y are ready = 
m>ket :5 f\r weeks old2 ! av]age        
:olesale price is ?ree doll>s a doz54   
,private cu/om]s w pay =ty c5ts a pair  
all ?r\gh ! w9t] mon?s1 & a good pair ( 
mature birds w raise two squabs e f\r   
weeks = n9e mon?s 9 ! ye>1 :i* means t  
ea* old pair ( birds %\ld provide "o &  
"o-half doz5 squabs1 :i* w m>ket = f\r  
doll>s & fifty c5ts4 ,! co/ ( keep is   
suppos$ to be fifty c5ts a ye>1 b ev]   
all[+ "o doll> a ye>1 !re %\ld be ?ree  
doll>s & fifty c5ts cle> pr(it4  ,^!    
e/imates are made on good hom] pigeons1 
well h\s$ & c>$ =1 n common nondescript 
birds1 lead+ a half-wild exi/5ce1 ) only
 old-fa%ion$ %elt] beh9d a r[ ( holes   
high up 9 ! b>n1 :]e ! ne/s are expos$  
to e /orm2 besides :i*1 ! "y ( mongrel  

pigeons only weigh five or six ounces :5
 f\r weeks old1 & are s scrawny &       
unappetis+ t !y are difficult to m>ket  
at any price1 :il/ hom]s at ! same age  
weigh f twelve to tw5ty ounces1 & are   
:ite-sk9n$ & plump4 ,! mature hom]s w   
co/ ab\t two doll>s a pair f any ( !    
recognis$ l(ts1 b x is no use buy+      
else:]e1 = unless birds are mat$ pairs1 
y may h ano!r season wa/$4 ,pigeons are 
fai?ful creatures & rema9 9 pairs =     
ye>s1 & if an accid5t happ5s to "o ( !m 
w frequ5tly refuse to mate a second "t !
 same season4 ,"y birds :i* are only    
pair$ at ! "t ( sale are likely to      
object to ! mates *os5 = !m1 & proce$ to
 ex]cise p]sonal *oice :5 lib]at$ amid a
 flock ( /range birds4 ,s be wise & buy 
only f reliable exp]i5c$ bre$]s4  ,! mo/
 conv5i5t h\se = squab-rais+ is built l 
a *ick5-coop1 ab\t twelve feet wide1    
eight feet high 9 front1 slop+ to six   
feet at ! back1 & any l5g?1 accord+ to !
 numb] ( birds kept4 ,h pl5ty ( w9d[s 9 
front ( ! h\se1 & op5+s six in*es squ>e1

 ?ree feet ap>t1 all along ! back ( !   
h\se ab\t a foot f ! ro(4 ,run a n9e-in*
 bo>d ! entire l5g? ( ! h\se z a plat=m 
= ! birds to alight on z !y g 9 & out1 &
 x is j z well to h a simil> bo>d j "u !
 holes on ! inside ( ! h\se4 ,put up    
?ree or f\r p]*es ne> ! front w9d[s1 s t
 ! birds c fly f side to side ( ! h\se  
on wet days = ex]cise4  ,! numb] ( birds
 :i* c be kept 9 ea* h\se c be easie/   
e/imat$ by ! ne/s4 ,ea* pair ( brood]s  
mu/ be provid$ ) ne/-boxes divid$ into  
two comp>tm5ts twelve in*es squ>e4 ,!y c
 be arrang$ 9 ti]s all along ! side1    
back & front walls1 & f floor to ceil+4 
,put ! fir/ ti] ab\t eighte5 in*es above
 ! floor1 z ! birds don't seem to l !   
l[] ne/s4 ,fa/5 small p]*es ab\t a foot 
long to ! p>tition on ea* box1 = !      
conv5i5ce ( ! birds z !y fly back & =?1 
& :5 fe$+ _! "y4  ,be=e ! h\se is       
occupi$1 x %\ld be ?or\ghly :itewa%$1 ! 
floor cov]$ ) s& or gr\nd pla/]1 &      
e>!nw>e di%es kn[n z 8nappies10 :i* co/ 
"o doll> a doz51 mu/ be put 91 "o into  

ea* comp>tm5t4 ,susp5d a bundle ( cut   
hay 9 "o corn] ( ! h\se1 z "s birds l to
 make _! own ne/s1 ?\gh o!rs seem to ?9k
 t a h&ful ( tobacco-/ems1 :i* x is well
 to place 9 ea* nappy z a *eck to v]m91 
is q ne/ en\gh4  ,dr9k+-f\nta9s &       
fe$+-boxes into :i* ! birds c only get  
_! beaks are imp]ative = pigeons1 = !y  
are mo/ p>ticul> & w n take defil$ food 
or dr9k unless positively />v$ into x4  
,yet if !y h op5 fe$ & wat] boxes1 !y w 
scatt] ! cont5ts all ov] ! floor4 ,!re  
is a galvanis$-iron fe$+-box co/+ "o    
doll> on ! m>ket :i* has sev5 op5+s1 s t
 _m birds c fe$ at ! same "t4           
,wat]-f\nta9s ( ! same mat]ial are      
virtually inde/ructible1 & co/ only     
fifty c5ts4  ,! y>d & fly mu/ ( c\rse be
 entirely clos$ = pigeons1 & %\ld be f\r
 feet high] ?an ! front ( ! h\se1 s t ! 
birds c use ! ro( = a sun-p>l\r4 ,we use
 f\r-by-f\r joi/s1 cut into twelve-foot 
l5g?s1 = ! front ( ! h\se1 z !y c be    
nail$ to ! h\se & ne$ n be sunk into !  
gr\nd1 z ^? at ! side & f> end mu/ be4  

,! joi/s = ! sides & end are cut into   
?irte5-&-"o-half-foot l5g?s1 :i* all[s a
 foot & a half to g into ! gr\nd4 ,^!   
measurem5ts all[ ! use ( f\r-foot nett+ 
)\t any wa/e4 ,= a h\se twelve feet     
long1 ,i ?9k ! y>d %\ld be at lea/ fifty
 feet4 ,erect sev]al p]*es at ! f> end (
 ! y>d1 a plat=m ab\t two feet wide &   
f\r feet long on legs ?ree feet high 9 !
 c5tre ( ! y>d = ! ba?-tubs to /& on4   
,pigeons mu/ h a ba?1 = cleanl9ess is a 
necessity2 a pan ab\t two feet squ>e &  
f\r in*es deep is ! be/ size1 & !y c be 
b\ght 9 galvanis$ iron = "o doll> ea*4  
,r$-:eat1 ,kafir-corn1 crack$ corn1     
,canadian field-peas1 ,g]man millet &   
hemp-se$ are all appropriate = pigeons4 
,!y %\ld be alt]nat$1 or "o or two mix$ 
toge!r4 ,( c\rse1 sometimes "o gra9 is  
*eap] ?an ano!r1 or easi] to get 9 c]ta9
 di/ricts1 b don't use any "o gra9      
exclusively4 ,pigeons mu/ h v>iety4  ,we
 foll[ ! rations recomm5d$ by ,w4 ,e4   
,rice1 a v exp]i5c$ pigeon-rais]4       
,morn+3 ,equal p>ts ( crack$ corn1      

,kafir-corn & :eat4 ,ev5+3 ,crack$ corn 
& ,canadian peas4 ,^! regul> meals are  
put into ! fe$-boxes 9 quantity         
suffici5t to insure ! birds hav+ a      
con/ant supply4 ,treats :i* we fe$ at   
odd times1 su* z millet1 hemp & rice1   
are ?r[n on ! gr\nd1 =1 z !y are only f$
 9 comp>atively small quantities1 !y are
 eat5 up at once1 & s !re is no dang] ( 
_! be+ soil$4 ,rememb] always to buy r$1
 n :ite1 :eat1 = ! latt] is v apt to    
cause di>rhea4  ,once a week we give !m 
a meal ( /ale bread :i* has be5 /eep$ 9 
skim-milk & squeez$ almo/ dry aga91 = we
 h lots ( skim-milk1 & ! bread we get f 
a bak] 9 ! t[n = tw5ty-five c5ts a      
b>rel4 ,freight co/s ano!r tw5ty-five   
c5ts1 b ev5 at fifty c5ts a b>rel we f9d
 x an economical fe$ :5 !re are a lot ( 
squabs to be fatt5$ = ! m>ket4  ,! p>5t 
birds take all ! tr\ble & responsibility
 ( fe$+ & rais+ ! "y "r up to ! "t !y   
are ready = m>ket4 ,! h5-bird lays two  
eggs1 ) "o day int]v5+1 :i* take eighte5
 days to incubate4 ,aft] ! eggs are     

hat*$1 bo? birds devote _! entire       
en]gies to fe$+ ! y\ng/]s = ab\t two    
weeks1 = bo? h ! p[] to secrete !       
pr$ige/$ sub/ance (t5 call$ pigeon's    
milk1 on :i* ne/l+s are exclusively f$ =
 ! fir/ few days4 ,at ! end ( two weeks 
! h5 has usually laid two m eggs 9 !    
second ne/1 s t by ! "t ! squabs 9 !    
fir/ ne/ are ready = m>ket1 ! second    
eggs are ready to hat*4 ,x is ?is d\ble 
family :i* necessitates two ne/s = ea*  
pair ( birds4  ,cleanl9ess is ev5 m     
imp]ative 9 ! pigeon-h\se ?an 9 !       
h5-h\se4 ,nev] neglect to scald out !   
e>!nw>e ne/1 & :itewa% ! comp>tm5t x /&s
 91 e "t squabs are remov$ = m>ket1 = x 
is only by su* rigid sy/em t ! place c  
be kept 9 a sanit>y condition4 ,pigeons 
mu/ h %ell1 salt & *>coal to be heal?y1 
s !re %\ld be a self-fe$] ) ?ree        
comp>tm5ts 9 ea* h\se4 ,:5 ord]+1       
specify t ! oy/]-%ell is = pigeons1 z x 
is to be brok5 up small] ?an = ! h5s4 ,!
 rock salt & *>coal %\ld be gr\nd to    
ab\t ! size ( rice4 ,dur+ ! heavy bre$+ 

season we cru% mo/ ( ! gra91 & always   
peas1 = :5 ! p>5t birds are ru%$ = "t   
betwe5 _! two ne/s !y are v liable to   
pick up :ole gra9 & fe$ to ! "y birds   
be=e !y are able to dige/ x4 ,until we  
discov]$ ?is c>elessness1 we (t5 _h a   
dead squab 9 ! ne/4 ,! fe$-boxes c be   
kept fill$ up1 z pigeons nev] ov]eat1 & 
mu/ h access to food at all times :5 !y 
h "y ones to fe$4  ,if y />t ) a few    
pairs ( birds1 ! be/ way to increase !  
numb] is to sell ! squabs1 & use ! money
 to buy mature birds1 = x takes pigeons 
six mon?s to rea* maturity1 & x is      
necess>y to h two extra h\ses 9 :i* to  
keep ! gr[+ birds1 z !y %\ld n be all[$ 
to rema9 9 ! regul> brood-p54 ,if1      
h[ev]1 y h specially-mat$ birds & desire
 to raise _! prog5y1 y mu/ wat* ! ne/s1 
& z soon z ! "y ones get out on ! floor 
7! old ones g5]ally pu% !m out :5 ! eggs
 9 ! second ne/ hat*71 !y c f5d =       
!mselves1 & %\ld be remov$ to a         
nurs]y-h\se1 :]e all fe$ mu/ be crack$  
to ! size ( rice = sev]al weeks4 ,:5 "o 

desires to build up size & good po9ts1 x
 is necess>y to h two nurs]y-h\ses1 & s 
be 9 a position to select ! be/ birds f 
diff]5t p>5tage to mate4  ,to illu/rate3
 ,! ne/l+s f "o side ( ! h\se %\ld g    
into ,nurs]y ,no4 #a1 ne/l+s f ! o!r    
side into ,nurs]y ,no4 #b4 ,our nurs]ies
 are only sev5 by t5 feet1 s we nev] h m
 ?an tw5ty birds 9 ea*1 & !y c be tak5  
)9 a few days ( ea* o!r1 9 ?is way mak+ 
v little diff]5ce 9 age :5 x comes to   
mat+-"t4 ,:5 ! y\ng] ones 9 ! nurs]ies  
are betwe5 six & sev5 mon?s old1 we take
 a bird f ea* & put !m into a mat+-cage1
 :i* is really a coop1 f\r feet long1   
two & "o-half feet deep & two feet high1
 :i* is fa/5$ up 9 a corn] ( ! fe$-h\se4
 ,! coop is divid$ into two comp>tm5ts  
by a wire-nett+ door4 ,a bird is put    
into ea* comp>tm5t4 ,if !y are male &   
female1 !y w comm5ce )9 a week or two to
 coo & talk to ea* o!r ?r\gh ! wire1 at 
:i* "t ! comp>tm5t is fa/5$ up to ! top 
( ! cage1 & !y are all[$ to h ! run ( ! 
coop = ?ree or f\r days1 aft] :i* !y are

 put into a regul> bre$+-h\se1 :]e !y w 
soon take possession ( ! ne/4 ,if1      
h[ev]1 ! birds *os5 simply ignore ea*   
o!r aft] !y are put into ! mat+-cage1 "o
 ( !m is remov$ to ano!r cage1 & two m  
birds are tak5 f ! nurs]y-h\se & put    
into ! two comp>tm5ts4 ,9 ?is way we g  
?r\gh ! ne/s until we h !m all pair$4   
,,p\ltry ,,ailm5ts   ,only 9 r>e        
in/ances does p\ltry require doctor+1   
yet x is well to be prep>$ ) suffici5t k
 to recognise ! symptoms ( approa*+     
tr\ble4 ,a few small coops %\ld be kept 
9 "s dry1 %elt]$ ou?\se1 to be us$ z    
qu>ant9e qu>t]s4 ,empty dry-goods boxes 
turn$ on _! sides1 ) half ! front bo>d$ 
across & a door ( wire nett+ to close ! 
o!r half1 make good coops = individual  
pati5ts4 ,!y %\ld be cov]$ all ar\nd1   
sides & top & bottom1 ) ro(+-pap]1 to   
insure fre$om f draft4 ,! boxes may be  
any size1 b ,i l !m ab\t eighte5 in*es  
wide & high1 & ab\t two & a half feet   
long4 ,to avoid dampness1 & = conv5i5ce 
9 att5d+ to ! birds1 x is well to       

elevate !m on legs or /& !m on a %elf or
 b5*4 ,be=e us+1 or :5ev] !y are vacat$1
 !y %\ld be dis9fect$ & ! inside        
?or\ghly pa9t$ ) :itewa%4 ,! enamell$   
cups )\t h&les c be atta*$ to ! side ( !
 coop by wire loops4  ,! mo/ dread$     
visitor on a p\ltry-f>m is r\p1 = x n   
only affects ! bird dur+ ! p]iod (      
imm$iate illness1 b x leaves beh9d x all
 sorts ( con/itutional weaknesses to !  
bird's prog5y4 ,e p\ltry-keep] %\ld     
cultivate ! habit ( scrut9is+ 8 or h]   
flock at fe$-times4 ,a suspici\s-look+  
bird %\ld be caught & remov$ to qu>ant9e
 qu>t]s imm$iately4 ,! symptoms ( cold1 
influ5za1 cank]1 diph!ria & r\p are 9 ! 
e>li] /ages almo/ id5tical--wat]y eyes1 
sneez+1 dis*>ge f ! no/rils or ! no/rils
 be+ /uff$ up 7! no/rils are ! two small
 holes at ! base ( ! bill74 ,:5 ! bird  
is notic$ to h any "o ( ^! symptoms1 op5
 ! bill & look d[n ! ?roat4 ,%\ld !re be
 no signs ( tr\ble1 y may be sure t !re 
is no?+ b an ord9>y cold to fight1 :i* a
 few days 9 hospital w cure4  ,give     

light & easily dige/$ food1 su* z /ale  
bread soak$ 9 scald$ milk & squeez$     
almo/ dry or corn-meal :i* has be5 well 
/eam$4 ,put t5 drops ( spirits ( camphor
 on a lump ( sug>1 !n dissolve ! sug> 9 
a half-p9t ( wat] & use 9 ! dr9k+-cup4  
,if1 h[ev]1 exam9ation reveals yell[    
spots on ! m\? or 9 ! ?roat1 or a ?ick  
slimy dis*>ge f ! eyes & no/rils1 x is a
 s]i\s case ( cat>rh or r\py cold1 :i*  
may1 if neglect$1 develop into malignant
 r\p4 ,?r\gh\t ! entire range ( cold &  
r\py diseases !re is no special od\r    
until malignant r\p is positively       
develop$4 ,!n !re is a mo/ (f5sive &    
unmi/akable od\r4  ,treat all diseases  
:i* ov]/ep a common cold z r\p1 & y w   
err on ! side ( safety4 ,9 ! la/ & mo/  
malignant /ages ( r\p1 ! face & eyes or 
head are v likely to be sev]ely swoll51 
& if ?+s h progress$ to su* a condition1
 be=e ! bird has be5 remov$ f ! flock1 x
 is well to take ! precaution (         
dis9fect+ ! dr9k+ & fe$+ di%es & g5]ally
 clean up ! p\ltry-h\se1 & add a        

dis9fectant to ! dr9k+-wat] = a few     
days4 ,p]manganate ( potassium is :at ,i
 g5]ally use1 because x is *eap & mo/   
effective z a g]m-kill]4 ,dissolve "o   
teaspoonful 9 a qu>t ( w>m wat]1 & y w h
 su* a /rong solution t = all ord9>y    
uses c be dilut$ aga9 at ! rate ( "o    
teaspoonful to five ( wat]4  ,treatm5t =
 r\p3 ,fir/ wa% (f any dis*>ge :i* may h
 accumulat$ ar\nd ! eyes & bill ) w>m   
wat] & p]manganate2 !n fill an atomis] )
 dilut$ p]manganate solution & ?or\ghly 
spray ! ?roat & no/rils4 ,repeat night &
 morn+1 z long z !re seems any          
necessity4 ,keep ! light diet z         
recomm5d$ = common cold4  ,indige/ion & 
int]m$iate /ages up to acute ga/ritis & 
liv] compla9t1 all spr+ f ! same causes1
 & w succumb to ! same rem$ies1 s we w  
consid] !m connect$ly4 ,!y are caus$ by 
indiscreet or excessive fe$+2 ma% :i*   
has be5 all[$ to become s\r2 an excess (
 bread1 potatoes or fat 9 table-scraps  
f$ to ! birds2 lack ( corn1 vegetables  
or %>p grit2 condition p[d]s1 egg-foods1

 & su* condim5ts1 if giv5 frequ5tly1 w  
affect ! dige/ive organs & br+ on       
indige/ion4 ,at fir/ ! suff]] looks     
mopey & /upid2 ! comb is pale4 ,at ?is  
/age a few days 9 hospital & a dose (   
magnesia & re=mation 9 diet w "w a cure4
 ,put ab\t a ?ird ( a teaspoonful (     
sulphate ( magnesia 9 a cup (           
dr9k+-wat]4 ,fe$ a ma% compos$ ( ?ree   
p>ts f9ely-cut clov]-hay1 :i* has be5   
?or\ghly /eam$1 & "o "p ea* (           
co>sely-gr\nd corn & oats4 ,if y hav5't 
clov]-hay1 use :eat-bran in/ead2 *opp$  
apple1 lettuce or any gre5s %\ld be !   
mid-day meal4 ,put a small pan ( %>p    
grit into ! coop4 ,advance symptoms are 
wat]y1 yell[i% dropp+s & ?ir/1 & ! comb 
becom+ fi]y r$1 :i* may gradually d>k5  
to crimson z ! bird's condition becomes 
worse4 ,adm9i/] a teaspoonful (         
ca/or-oil2 fe$ sp>+ly on ma%1 :i* at ?is
 /age %\ld consi/ ( boil$ rice1 scald$  
bread & milk or cottage-*eese4 ,if !    
dys5t]y is v sev]e1 fill up a           
dr9k+-vessel ) ! wat] 9 :i* ! rice 0    

boil$4 ,aft] eight h\rs ( su* diet1 add 
tw5ty-five drops ( t9cture ( nux vomica 
to half a p9t ( rice-wat]4 ,cont9ue )   
light1 n\ri%+ food = ab\t a week4  ,9 ! 
fall f[ls are frequ5tly giv5 free range1
 be=e ! corn & o!r crops are h>ve/$1 & )
 ! result t !y gorge !mselves ) new     
corn1 :i* is v liable to heat & swell4  
,9 ! summ] p are v likely to cut grass &
 ?r[ x 9 to y>d$ h5s1 :o w eat x        
gre$ily1 b x inv>iably causes tr\ble1   
be+ 9 long l5g?s4 ,lawn-clipp+s1 :i* are
 n ov] an in* 9 l5g?1 are q safe &1 (   
c\rse1 supply ! requir$ gre5 food :i* !y
 specially crave 9 hot wea!r4 ,:5 ! bird
 is se5 to h an unusually l>ge crop &   
%[s signs ( di/ress1 cat* x & hold by ! 
feet1 head d[nw>d1 !n g5tly "w ! crop s 
z to pu% a little ( ! cont5ts into !    
?roat & out ?r\gh ! beak4 ,ev5 if only a
 few gra9s c be eject$ 9 ?is way1 x w   
help ! /ra9$ condition ( ! crop & ease !
 bird's suff]+s4 ,adm9i/] a dose ( ca/or
 or sweet oil4  ,occasionally an ob/9ate
 case c't be help$ by simple means1 & !n

 surg]y has to be resort$ to4 ,tie !    
feet toge!r & ! w+s close to ! body ) a 
broad /rip ( musl91 place ! bird on its 
side on ! table1 call+ 9 assi/ance to   
hold x /ill1 & ) a %>p pocket-knife make
 a small slit1 fir/ 9 ! out] sk91 pull+ 
"o side slightly outw>d1 !n mak+ an     
ins]tion 9 ! crop itself4 ,c>efully     
remove ! cont5ts4 ,y ne$ n be at all    
n]v\s ab\t ! op]ation1 :i* is q pa9less4
 ,aft] ! crop is empti$1 take a         
mod]ately f9e ne$le ?read$ ) a f9e      
sew+-silk4 ,take two or ?ree /it*es 9 ! 
crop & cut (f ! ?read1 pull ! edges ( ! 
out] sk9 toge!r & fa/5 ) two or ?ree    
/it*es4 ,( c\rse1 "u no circum/ances mu/
 ! crop & ! out] sk9 be fa/5$ toge!r 9  
/it*+4 ,keep ! bird on v meagre rations 
= a week or t5 days4  ,! mo/ common     
ailm5t ( infant *ick5hood is b[el       
tr\ble1 & "o %\ld be on ! wat* = ! !    
fir/ signs1 all ?r\gh ! hat*+ season1 z 
a few h\rs means mu* to frail baby life4
 ,a *ill1 dampness1 improp] food or     
dirty dr9k+-wat] are ! usual causes4    

,%\ld any laxity be notic$ 9 ! dropp+s1 
remove ! dr9k+-wat] & sub/itute ei!r    
milk :i* has be5 scald$ & all[$ to cool 
or rice-wat]1 accord+ to ! symptoms4    
,fe$ boil$ rice at lea/ once a day4 ,if 
! *icks are 9 a brood]1 set ! temp]ature
 a little high] ?an "u ord9>y           
circum/ances4 ,if !y are ) a h51 keep h]
 conf9$ to ! brood-coop1 to insure !    
*icks be+ able to ne/le to h]4  ,gapes  
is ! second sc\rge ( *ick-life4 ,gapes  
is n truly a disease1 b ! effect ( a    
p>asite worm1 :i* is suppos$ only to    
mat]ialise on gr\nd 9 :i* p\ltry-dropp+s
 h be5 deposit$ = sev]al seasons4 ,a    
gapeworm is only ab\t five sixte5?s ( an
 in* 9 l5g? & no ?ick] ?an a f9e ?read4 
,once introduc$ into ! bird's ?roat x   
fa/5s !re & sucks ! blood ( its victim1 
&1 ( c\rse1 a little *ick has n ! /r5g? 
to eject x1 no matt] h[ mu* x may c\gh  
or gape4 ,!y multiply v quickly4 ,"s ( !
 rem$ies are z foll[s3 ,dip ! end ( a   
small w+ fea!r 9 turp5t9e1 pu% x d[n !  
bird's ?roat1 turn two or ?ree times    

quickly & pull out4 ,! worm may come )  
x4 ,ano!r is to mix salt & wat] or /eep 
tobacco 9 wat] = t5 m9utes2 p\r a       
tablespoonful d[n ! bird's ?roat1 keep+ 
! head up1 & ! two holes at ! base ( !  
bill cov]$ ) y\r ?umb & =ef+] :il/ y    
c\nt five4 ,release & sudd5ly turn !    
bird upside d[n1 hold+ by ! feet4 ,x w  
gasp1 splutt] & usually eject ! worm4   
,to ext]m9ate ! pe/s1 h ! gr\nd1 on :i* 
! birds h be5 coop$ & y>d$1 spr9kl$ )   
quicklime 7keep+ ! birds safely coop$1 s
 t !y _c get into or eat ! lime74 ,let x
 lie ov]night & !n pl\gh "u4 ,if su*    
treatm5t is impossible1 remove all ! "y 
/ock to "s o!r "p ( ! f>m4 ,mature birds
 h ! /r5g? to eject ! worms4     ,,!    
,,vegetable ,,g>d5   ,x is advisable to 
plan ! g>d5 on pap] & make out se$ li/s 
e>ly 9 ! spr+1 to save "t lat]4 ,e      
family w1 ( c\rse1 h specially pref]r$  
vegetables to take prec$5ce ov] o!rs1 s 
individual ta/e alone c det]m9e !       
allott$ space = ea* v>iety4 ,our        
selection & plan 0 made ) due reg>d =   

table pickles & pres]ves1 all ( :i* 7   
b\ntifully suppli$4 ,!re=e1 if y\r      
discrim9ation on su* subjects is too    
undevelop$ z yet to be tru/$1 accept our
 exp]i5ce ?is ye>1 & !n y w "k h[ to    
recon/ruct x = y\r p]sonal ne$s4 ,:5    
plann+ out on pap]1 ! second crop %\ld  
be consid]$ z well z ! spr+ s[+s4  ,"o (
 ! advantages ( s5d+ = se$s e>ly is t y 
are sure to get ! v>ieties select$1     
:]eas lat] 9 ! season 8! be/0 is        
frequ5tly sold out4  ,:5 *oos+ a site1  
rememb] t a slight slope to ! s\? or    
s\!a/ is desirable4 ,size mu/ dep5d v   
mu* on :e!r y int5d hav+ a sep>ate b]ry 
pat* or n4 ,a hundr$ feet by sev5ty-five
 feet w supply an av]age small family ) 
vegetables = ! table1 except+ w9t]      
potatoes1 :i* %\ld be a field crop4     
,protection f ! nor!a/ /orms %\ld be    
provid$4 ,c$> or privet is ! ideal h$ge 
= su* purposes1 b x takes money & "t2 s1
 :ile x is develop+1 resort to !        
s]viceable hurdle f5ce made ( bru%4  ,if
 ! wea!r is f9e1 ! la/ two weeks ( ,m>* 

%\ld see ! pat* ( gr\nd int5d$ = !      
vegetable g>d5 pl\gh$ & h>r[$4  ,h      
well-rott$ /able manure scatt]$ ov] !   
surface be=e pl\gh+1 :i* %\ld be deep at
 fir/4 ,aft] two or ?ree days' air+1    
pl\gh aga91 runn+ ! furr[s crosswise2 !n
 h>r[ & roll & h>r[ aga91 until e clod  
is brok5 up4 ,?or\gh prep>ation ( ! soil
 %\ld nev] be %irk$1 = x is m ?an half !
 battle4 ,let me caution y n to h !     
pl\gh+ done if ! gr\nd be wet4 ,mu* ( ! 
disappo9tm5t :i* city p exp]i5ce arises 
f ! natural desire ( ! amateur to get to
 "w4 ,e>? pl\gh$1 dug or ho$ :5 wet or  
soggy w bake & cru/ all summ]4 ,! "r    
consi/5cy c be asc]ta9$ by pick+ up a   
h&ful & squeez+ x4 ,if x rema9s a solid 
lump x is too wet1 b :5 x presses toge!r
 easily1 & z readily falls ap>t :5      
releas$1 x is 9 j ! "r condition to "w1 
w turn a clean furr[ & w readily crumble
 "u ! h>r[4 ,sod gr\nd is desirable =   
potatoes1 s if !re is a /rip ( grass l& 
:i* ne$s r5ewal1 h x well pl\gh$1 h>r[$1
 & m>k$ (f 9 r[s eighte5 in*es ap>t1 = !

 w9t] crop4  ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,corn]   
,,( ,,! ,,vegetable ,,g>d5  ,almo/ e old
 f>m] has a !ory ab\t ! way & size to   
cut potatoes = plant+4 ,aft] li/5+ to & 
try+ sev]al me?ods1 we h come to !      
conclusion t cutt+ l>ge tub]s 9 f\r1 &  
small ones ?r\gh ! c5tre l5g?wise1 is   
mu* bett] ?an dissect+ c>efully to      
sep>ate e eye1 & !n us+ two pieces :5   
plant+1 especially z ! innum]able       
exp]im5ts made at ! agricultural /ations
 h reveal$ ! fact t eyes ga!r nutrim5t =
 su/5ance & gr[? f ! potato itself1     
until ! spr\ts develop /ems t =m jo9ts1 
at :i* po9t rootlets />t1 prov+ beyond  
d\bt t1 unless ! piece ( potato plant$  
is l>ge en\gh adequately to fe$ ! eye or
 eyes x may conta91 ! root gr[?1 :i* is 
requir$ to furni% ! subsequ5t tub]s )   
food1 mu/ be weak5$4 ,we plant "o qu>t] 
potato to e foot 9 ! r[1 & cov] f f\r to
 five in*es deep1 select+ gr\nd :i* has 
be5 heavily manur$ ! ye> be=e1 & scatt]+
 wood a%es on ! surface aft] ! se$s h   
be5 cov]$4  ,fail+ ?is s\rce1 comm]cial 

f]tilis] specially prep>$ = potatoes mu/
 be b\ght4 ,?or\gh cultivation is       
necess>y to insure a good crop4         
,soon--say sev5 or eight days aft]      
plant+--run ! h>r[ ov] ! field1 to kill 
! embryo we$s & level ! surface4 ,z soon
 z ! plants %[1 cultivate aga91 b (     
c\rse only betwe5 ! r[s1 & ) an ord9>y  
cultivator4 ,repeat at frequ5t int]vals4
  ,x is e/imat$ t x takes fifte5 bu%els 
( potatoes aft] !y h be5 cut into       
qu>t]s1 to plant an acre1 :i* %\ld      
return "o hundr$ & ?irty bu%els (       
salable potatoes1 by :i* is meant l>ge &
 m$ium siz$ potatoes1 small ones n ent]+
 into ! calculation4 ,!re w be 9 all    
probability ab\t ?irty bu%els ( ^!      
dw>fs1 :i* are excell5t fatt5+ food =   
p\ltry & pigs :5 cook$ & ma%$ up4  ,!   
space int5d$ = c>rots requires extremely
 good cultivation1 = ! soil mu/ be      
?or\ghly pulv]is$4 ,tie ! se$s 9 a piece
 ( *eese clo?1 /eep 9 wat] = twelve     
h\rs1 !n hang up 9 a w>m room to drip & 
dry suffici5tly to prev5t _! /ick+      

toge!r :5 be+ plant$4 ,ano!r aid we     
furni% ^! delicate se$l+s is to drop a  
radi% se$ e six in*es1 because !y       
g]m9ate quickly & ?r[ a /rong se$ leaf1 
:i* breaks ! cru/ ov] ! r[ & all[s !    
fragile c>rot spr\t free access4  ,all[ 
two feet f ! la/ r[ ( potatoes1 /ret* ! 
l9e1 & ) a po9t$ /ick draw a %all[ drill
 9 :i* to scatt] ! c>rot se$4 ,cov]+ mu/
 n be m ?an a f\r? ( an in*2 press d[n  
firmly4 ,betwe5 ea* two r[s ( c>rots    
all[ "o foot4 ,/eep & use only half !   
se$ at fir/1 plant+ ! rema9d] tw5ty days
 lat]4 ,) good gr\nd & cultivation y    
%\ld h c>rots late 9 ,june4  ,a         
?irty-in* space mu/ divide ! c>rots f ! 
beets4 ,prep>e ! gr\nd z be=e1 b make ! 
drill a full in* deep1 dropp+ ! se$ half
 an in* ap>t1 ! r[s two feet ap>t4 ,^!  
%\ld be ready = use ! fir/ week 9 ,june4
 ,keep half ! se$ = late plant+4  ,e>ly 
turnips c />t ano!r two feet along4     
,drill half an in* deep1 ! r[s "o foot  
ap>t4  8,fir/ ( ,all0 peas are          
semi-dw>f1 b yield mu* bett] if giv5 "s 

support4 ,we plant e two r[s sev5 in*es 
ap>t1 9 a drill "o in* deep1 & :5 ! peas
 are two in*es high we /ick bru% betwe5 
! r[s1 s mak+ a h$ge ( v9e :5 develop$4 
,tw9 r[s %\ld be two feet ap>t4  ,=     
onion sets1 make drills an in* & a half 
deep1 plac+ ! sets upright & f f\r to   
six in*es ap>t4 ,firm ! e>? all ar\nd1 &
 ! f\r? ( an in* ov] !m4 ,^! w furni%   
e>ly onions = cook+4 ,= onion se$ ! soil
 _c be too c>efully prep>$1 =1 l c>rots1
 !y are long 9 g]m9at+ & extremely      
fragile4 ,a few radi% se$s c aga9 be us$
 z pione]s4 ,in/ead ( comm]cial         
f]tilis]1 ! p\ltry dropp+s are us$ =    
onions1 be+ r$uc$ to a p[d] by gr9d+ 9  
an old *opp+ ma*9e4 ,spr9kle freely1 )9 
"o in* ( ! c5tre ( ! r[1 & f ?ree to f\r
 in*es ea* side ( x4 ,unless ra9 falls  
)9 a few days1 wat] v ?or\ghly ) a      
spr9kl]4 ,h5 dropp+s seem especially    
desirable = all bulbs & tub]s4  ,lettuce
 se$ requires well-enri*$ soil2 drill   
"o-f\r? ( an in* deep1 ! r[s "o foot    
ap>t4  ,f ! "t se$s are put into !      

gr\nd1 cultivation mu/ be cont9ual1 rak+
 betwe5 r[s be+ frequ5t en\gh to de/roy 
embryo we$s4 ,t5 m9utes' light "w ) a   
rake be=e we$s develop w save h\rs ( h>d
 lab\r ) a hoe4 ,cultivation is requir$1
 n only to de/roy we$s1 b to supply air1
 & enc\rage all ! moi/ure f ! subsoil to
 travel upw>d1 s n\ri%+ ! plant roots z 
!y develop1 & prev5t+ ! soil f bak+4 ,n 
cultivat+ ! gr\nd ar\nd plants is z     
injuri\s to _! heal? z %utt+ a *ild 9 an
 unv5tilat$ room4  ,lettuce1 cabbage &  
caulifl[] plants %\ld n[ be plant$ out4 
,prep>e ! r[s z = se$1 & ) ! po9t$ /ick 
us$ = m>k+ ! r[s1 make holes directly "u
 ! l9e--n9e in*es ap>t = lettuce1 "o    
foot = cabbage & caulifl[]4 ,put a      
little wat] into ! hole1 pack ! e>?     
ar\nd ! root & /em1 wat] copi\sly1 !n   
draw dry e>? up ov] ! wet surface1 to   
prev5t ! moi/ure f evaporat+ or a cru/  
=m+4 ,to promote root gr[?1 cut (f half 
! l5g? ( ! out] leaves ) a pair ( %>p   
scissors4 ,if possible1 provide "s      
protection until ! plants are e/abli%$4 

,tomatoes1 pepp]s & eggplants %\ld be   
b$d$ out ab\t ! tw5tie? ( ,may4         
,tomatoes & eggplants /& two & "o-half  
feet ap>t1 ea* "o 9 gr\nd v heavily     
enri*$ to a dep? ( ?ree feet & a        
circumf]5ce ( two feet4 ,pursue ! same  
me?od ( plant+ z = cabbage1 except t    
in/ead ( cutt+ ! leaves across1 nip out 
! two he>t leaves ( ea* plant4 ,*eck+   
top gr[? makes ! plant bran* & =m a     
/ocky bu% in/ead ( a sp9dly top gr[? t w
 break "u ! weight ( fruit :5 x =ms4    
,if ! 8home0 is to be an ideal hav5 (   
re/ x mu/ be pretty4 ,economy may       
prohibit buy+ plants = ! fl[] g>d51 b ! 
ex]cise ( a little =e-?\ght w enable y  
to h a lovely display ( fl[]s all ?r\gh 
! summ] at a nom9al co/4 ,procure "s    
%all[ boxes f y\r groc]4 ,!y %\ld n be m
 ?an ?ree in*es deep1 & ab\t eighte5    
in*es long & "o foot wide4 ,if x is n   
possible to get :at y want1 saw a six or
 sev5 in* box 9 half1 us+ ! lid z a     
bottom = ! second box4  ,h ! m\ld       
?or\ghly pulv]is$ be=e s[+1 & prep>e an 

extra quantity to use = cov]+ ! se$s4   
,?is ,i d by half fill+ a r f9e col&] & 
%ak+ x ov] ! box until !re is an ev5    
lay] ov] ! se$s4 ,! av]age small fl[]   
se$ %\ld n h m ?an ! f\r? ( an in* ov]  
x4 ,a bo>d t w fit inside ! box %\ld be 
press$ d[n h>d1 to insure ! se$s be+    
firmly emb$d$ 9 ! m\ld4 ,o!rwise ! air  
gets ar\nd !m & dries up & kills ! fir/ 
frail g]ms ( life4 ,aft] plant+ & patt+ 
d[n1 spr9kle lightly1 & /& ! boxes 9 a  
s\? or s\?we/ w9d[ 9 a liv+ room :]e !  
temp]ature av]ages sixty degrees4 ,!    
boxes mu/ be wat*$ = :at is call$ 8damp+
 (f40 ,x c easily be detect$ by ! sickly
 appe>ance ( ! se$l+s1 foll[$ by a      
%rivell+ or burn+ ( ! /em close to !    
e>?4 ,! mom5t ! dang] signal is notic$1 
prick out into fre% boxes ( correspond+ 
size or a trifle deep]4 ,! se$l+s ne$ n 
be plant$ m ?an half an in* ap>t4       
,prep>e ! m\ld 9 ! boxes ! same z y did 
= ! se$s1 pat d[n1 & ) a too?pick make !
 holes 9 :i* ! baby plants are to be    
put1 firm+ ! e>? ar\nd !m g5tly ) !     

=ef+] ( ea* h&4 ,%\ld no sugge/ion (    
debility appe> among ! se$l+s1 /ill     
prick out into fre% boxes :5 ! second   
leaves unfold4    8,bovee0 potatoes1 =  
e>ly g>d5 crop       #a peck1  #j4ge    
,c>rots1 8,oxhe>t0                      
#a ounce1    4#aj   ,caulifl[]1 8,e>ly  
,sn[ball0               #a packet1      
4#be   ,cel]y                           
#a packet1    4#aj   ,beets             
#b ounces1    4#bj   ,brussels spr\ts   
#a packet1    4#aj   ,cabbage1 8,j]sey  
,wakefield0                 #a packet1  
4#ae   ,cabbage1 8,autumn ,k+0          
#a packet1    4#ae   ,kale1 8,dw>f      
,gre50                          #a      
ounce1    4#aj   ,lettuce1 8,bo/on      
,m>ket0                     #a ounce1   
4#ae   ,peas1 8,fir/ ( ,all0            
#a p9t1    4#ae   ,peas1 8,petit ,p>is0 
p9t1    4#aj   ,peas1 8,*ampion (       
,engl&0                  #a qu>t1       
4#cj   ,turnips1 8,e>ly ,flat ,dut*0    
#a packet1    4#je   ,turnips1 8,purple 
,top ,ab]de50              #a packet1   

4#je   ,turnips1 8,rutabaga0            
#a packet1    4#aj   ,:ite onion sets   
#a qu>t1    4#be   ,r$ onion sets       
#a qu>t1    4#be   ,onion se$1          
8,prizetak]0                     #a     
ounce1    4#bj   ,cucumb]1 8,:ite ,sp9e0
                     #a packet1    4#aj 
,eggplant1 8,new ,york ,sp9eless0       
#a packet1    4#aj   ,tomato1 8,crimson 
,cu%ion0                   #a packet1   
4#aj   ,pepp]1 8,ruby ,k+0              
#a packet1    4#aj   ,muskmelon1        
8,delmonico0                      #a    
packet1    4#aj   ,squa%1 8,long ,isl&0 
7summ]7              #a packet1    4#aj 
,squa%1 8,gregory0 7w9t]7               
#a packet1    4#aj   ,gre5 bu% bean1 8,!
 ,longfell[0           #a packet1       
4#aj   ,pole lima bean1 8,levia?an0     
#a packet1    4#aj   ,okra1 8,long      
,gre50                          #a      
packet1    4#je   ,radi%1 8,sc>let      
,turnip0                     #a ounce1  
4#aj   ,corn1 8,c\ntry ,g5tleman0       
#a packet1    4#ae   ,h]bs--p>sley1     

sage1 summ] savory1 ?yme1 m>joram1      
anise$1 wormwood1 saffron1 tansy    #a  
packet ea*1    4#dj                     
-----         ,total co/                
#d4ie     ,,! ,,hotb$   ,! out] %ells ( 
hotb$ & cold-frame are id5tical1 & c be 
made by any h&y man4 ,z all sa%es are   
made 9 "o size--namely1 six by ?ree--!  
boxes mu/ correspond2 to insure wat]    
runn+ (f & all ! p[] ( ! sun be+        
utilis$1 !y mu/ slope l5g?ways1 ! top   
end ( a box be+ ?ree or f\r in*es high] 
?an ! bottom4 ,! ord9>y box or b$ frame 
is made six feet long1 ?ree feet wide & 
fifte5 in*es high at ! top end1 slop+ to
 twelve at ! foot1 & /&s on ! surface ( 
! gr\nd1 b ! plan we h adopt$ aft]      
sev]al ye>s' exp]i5ce is to dig a pit   
?ree feet deep1 six feet two in*es long 
& ?ree feet two in*es wide1 & build !   
box tw5ty in*es high at ! top end1 slop+
 to sev5te5 in*es at ! foot1 & ( c\rse  
six feet long & ?ree feet wide1 :i*     
all[s x to /& inside ! dug\t & five     
in*es bel[ ! surface ( ! surr\nd+ gr\nd1

 s effectually prev5t+ any cold air     
creep+ 9 ar\nd ! bottom4 ,we use s\nd   
bo>ds two in*es ?ick = sides & ends &   
two-by-two /udd+ = corn] /ays4  ,v      
well-made boxes & sa%es1 :i* fit        
exactly1 are sold by sev]al ( ! gre5h\se
 build]s = ab\t eight doll>s4 ,!y are   
%ipp$ knock-d[n to save express *>ges1 b
 !y are ready to bolt toge!r4 ,!y come 9
 ! ord9>y six-by-?ree size1 = s+le b$s1 
or 9 gr\ps ( f ?ree to five1 ) light    
p>titions = ! sa%es to re/ ^u4 ,!       
five-section b$ co/s ab\t twelve doll>s1
 b w ne$ five sa%es1 am\nt+ to fifte5   
doll>s1 & ! p>titions1 :i* ,i ?9k are   
ab\t "o doll> a piece4  ,= conv5i5ce 9  
bad wea!r1 x is well to h ! b$s ne> !   
h\se1 &1 :5 possible1 %elt]$ f ! nor? & 
fac+ ! s\?4 ,fre% horse manure          
con/itutes ! heat+ p[] 9 a hotb$4 ,we   
use solid dropp+s & dry leaves1 ab\t    
half & half4 ,x is rip5$ 9 ! manure-%$  
by be+ made into a heap ab\t ?ree feet  
high & ?ree feet wide1 ?or\ghly spr9kl$ 
) liquid manure4 ,x is all[$ to /& "s   

weeks aft] mix+1 !n twice =k$ ov]1 two  
weeks int]v5+4 ,all ! dropp+s %\ld be   
well brok5 up & mix$ ) ! leaves1 & !    
entire mass repil$ betwe5 ea* =k+4      
,aft] ! rip5+ process has be5           
accompli%$1 x mu/ be pack$ into ! bottom
 ( ! hotb$ to ! dep? ( two & a half     
feet4 ,x %\ld be smoo?ly laid & well    
tramp$ into place4 ,put 9 ! sa%1 & )9 a 
few days ! heat w rise to a hundr$      
degrees or ov]4 ,lift ! sa% slightly at 
"o end1 & wait until ! temp]ature falls 
to ab\t eighty-five degrees1 !n place   
ab\t six in*es ( ri*1 fibr\s soil ov] ! 
top4 ,we manufacture our pott+-m\ld     
sev]al mon?s be=e x is requir$1 by tak+ 
! old heat+ mat]ial f sp5t b$s & mix+ x 
) an equal am\nt ( soil f sod l& & ab\t 
"o-?ird ! quantity ( clean1 %>p s&4     
,aft] ?or\gh mix+1 x is pil$ 9 a l>ge   
heap & left expos$ to ! wea!r until     
requir$1 or until late 9 ! fall1 :5 x is
 put into a %$ & kept dry to prev5t     
freez+1 z pott+-m\ld & cov]+ = fre%     
hotb$s is (t5 ne$$ 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,j    

be=e us+1 x is pass$ ?r\gh a sieve to   
remove all lumps4  ,! fir/ ye>1 :5 !re  
is no old b$ to empty1 good top-dress+  
or pott+-m\ld c be made by cutt+ deep   
sods1 %ak+ ! e>? f ! roots & mix+ x ) an
 equal am\nt ( old1 well-rott$ c[ manure
 & ab\t "o qu>t] ! am\nt ( clean s&4 ,x 
is imp]ative to prep>e all su* ?+s 9 !  
fall4 ,! outside ( a hotb$ %\ld be bank$
 up ) r\gh /able manure & ! sa% cov]$ at
 night ) mats & %utt]s 9 extreme cold   
wea!r4 ,old c>pet or bags made ( burlap 
& fill$ ) cut hay w co/ no?+ except "t &
 answ] q well4 ,we use pads1 = :i* all  
sorts ( old clo!s are utilis$4 ,!n      
unblea*$ %eets l>ge en\gh to cov] ! sa%1
 side & ends1 & rea* well onto ! gr\nd1 
are us$4 ,! %eets are giv5 two coats (  
oil1 & s are imp]vi\s to ra9 or sn[1 &  
we ?9k bett] ?an wood5 %utt]s4  ,suppose
 y want to make y\r fir/ v5ture ) w9t]  
salads1 ! fir/ ga!r+ = ,?anksgiv+1 & f  
!n on until spr+4 ,/>t "o b$ ! fir/ week
 9 ,octob]1 s[ ?ree r[s ( lettuce se$   
five in*es ap>t1 s[+ ?ree diff]5t       

v>ieties1 ,t5nis-,ball1 ,bo/on ,m>ket & 
,big ,bo/on2 two r[s ( curly cress      
7pepp]grass7 ! same di/ance ap>t1 & five
 days lat]1 two r[s ( :ite mu/>d4 ,eight
 or t5 days lat]1 prep>e a second b$1 s 
t ! heat may h ris5 & decreas$ to ab\t  
sev5ty-five by ! "t lettuce is l>ge     
en\gh to transplant--ab\t ?ree weeks f !
 s[+ ( ! se$4 ,set out ! se$l+s eight   
in*es ap>t ea* way 9 ! new b$1 & s[     
radi% se$ betwe5 ! r[s4  ,if y h en\gh  
frames1 plant ! ?ree diff]5t v>ieties ( 
lettuce 9 diff]5t b$s4 ,!y w mature 9 ! 
rotation nam$4 ,betwe5 ! r[s ( ! ,bo/on 
,m>ket & ! ,big ,bo/on1 onion se$s may  
be s[n4 ,:5 select+ lettuce to          
transplant1 *oose ! /rong se$l+s & f    
diff]5t p>ts ( ! r[s1 s t :5 ! surplus  
plants are ?9n$ out1 ! re/ w be left to 
gr[ undi/urb$4  ,! mu/>d & cress w be   
ready to cut 9 f sev5 to t5 days aft] ! 
mu/>d is s[n4 ,cut ! cress ) a pair (   
scissors a little above ! soil & x w    
spr+ aga9 & aga94 ,mu/>d mu/ be s[$ aft]
 ea* ga!r+1 b z x only takes half ! "t  

to develop1 x w be ready :5 ! second    
crop ( cress is4 ,mu/>d %\ld be all[$ to
 gr[ m ?an an in* & a half above !      
gr\nd4 ,"o important ?+ to rememb] 9    
runn+ a succession ( hotb$ crops1 is t !
 heat+ p[] ( manure only la/s ab\t sev5 
weeks4 ,beans1 beets & ,swiss *>d1 & su*
 h>dy ?+s1 :i* require two mon?s or m to
 mature1 d n suff] ?r\gh ! decrease (   
heat1 9 fact1 w d j z well1 or bett]1 9 
a sp5t hotb$ or cold-frame1 :i* is j a  
hotb$ )\t any heat+ mat]ial4 ,b if v    
cold wea!r sets 91 bank up heavily ar\nd
 ! sides & ends ) fre% manure1 to keep !
 cold f p5etrat+ ! b$-box1 & us+ extra  
heavy mats ov] ! sa% at night4          
,eggplant1 tomatoes & pepp]s %\ld be    
/>t$ ! la/ week 9 ,febru>y1 & cel]y1    
cabbage1 caulifl[] & ,brussels spr\ts   
ab\t ! fir/ ( ,m>*4 ,"o b$ %\ld be      
devot$ to onion se$ 7s[n at ! end (     
,febru>y71 & se$l+s c be prick$ out into
 ano!r b$ or cold-frame :5 ab\t two     
in*es high1 & w be /rong bulbs to plant 
out 9 ! g>d5 9 ,april4 ,cucumb]s1       

muskmelons & squa% c all be />t$ on sods
 9 a hotb$1 e>ly 9 ,april1 & w be /urdy 
plants by ,may #bj?4     ,,h[ ,,to ,,gr[
 ,,asp>agus   ,:y e g>d5 has n an       
asp>agus-b$ is an unfa?omable my/]y to  
me4 ,x is univ]sally lik$2 ev5 epicures 
consid] x a delicacy4 ,x is ready =     
table use 9 v e>ly spr+1 :5 ev]yone     
craves fre% vegetables1 & x is z easy to
 gr[ z any o!r vegetable aft] x is once 
e/abli%$4  ,probably ! la/ ^w expla9s ! 
my/]y4 ,x takes ?ree ye>s to e/abli%1   
or1 r1 to br+ x to ! pr(itable /age4 ,a 
light crop c be ga!r$ ! second season1 s
 ! home table pr(its almo/ z quickly z 9
 ! case ( arti*okes or /rawb]ries4      
,:atev] ! cause1 ! fact rema9s t an     
asp>agus-b$ is r>ely f\nd on a f>m4 ,yet
 ! pecuni>y advantages to be reap$ f    
asp>agus-gr[+ are suffici5t to satisfy !
 mo/ ambiti\s g>d5]4  ,?ree ye>s aft]   
our fir/ b$ f se$ 0 />t$ we sold ?ree   
hundr$ & fifty-f\r bun*es at an av]age (
 =ty c5ts a bun*4 ,e>ly 9 ! season we   
got fifty c5ts1 t[>d ! end ( ! season "s

 7 sold = ?irty-five c5ts4 ,s9ce !n !   
annual returns h nev] dropp$ bel[ two   
hundr$ & eighty-six doll>s4 ,manur+ &   
cultivat+ co/ approximately twelve      
doll>s a ye>4 ,! b$ occupi$ ab\t a qu>t]
 ( an acre ( gr\nd4 ,hav+ a numb] ( egg 
cu/om]s1 we sell direct & s get ! full  
price1 b ev5 :olesale prices range f    
fifte5 to twelve c5ts4  ,!re are two    
ways ( />t+ b$s1 s[+ se$ or sett+ out   
plants4 ,"o-ye>-old plants w co/ f sixty
 c5ts to a doll> a hundr$4 ,plant$ 9    
,april & well c>$ =1 !y w provide sev]al
 di%es = ! home table ! foll[+ spr+ &   
ne>ly a full crop ! second spr+4 ,se$   
s[$ at ! same "t w take a ye> long]1 b  
aft] t w give a l>g] yield ?an !        
transplant$ plants &1 z asp>agus-b$s are
 productive = fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s1 !   
"o-ye> loss 9 ! beg9n+ is an economy4 ,b
 x is well to set out a few plants1     
simply because 9 ! c\ntry "o _c get     
,s\!rn vegetables1 :i* come into ! city 
e>ly 9 ! spr+1 &1 !re=e1 %\ld try to h a
 home supply z quickly z possible4  ,9  

select+ gr\nd = an asp>agus-b$1 x mu/ be
 rememb]$ t x is a p]man5t crop1 & _c be
 transplant$ aft] x is e/abli%$4 ,x w   
gr[ on any ord9>y g>d5 soil :i* is well 
dra9$1 b1 :5 possible1 heavy subsoil )  
light s& or loam above x %\ld be        
select$1 z x w inv>iably produce an     
e>li] crop ea* ye> ?an heavy gr\nd4 ,!  
soil %\ld slope to ! s\? or s\?we/1 & a 
%elt] f ! nor!a/ is also desirable4 ,=  
our l>ge m>ket b$ we us$ l& t _h be5 "u 
cultivation = two ye>s4 ,! prec$+ crops 
_h be5 corn1 oats & potatoes1 s x _h be5
 ?or\ghly work$4  ,aft] ! potatoes 7    
h>ve/$ 9 ! fall1 ! field 0 pl\gh$1 &    
b>n-y>d manure scatt]$ broadca/ ov] x4  
,e>ly ! foll[+ spr+ ! gr\nd 0 aga9      
pl\gh$1 to turn 9 ! manure1 & h>r[$ ea* 
way to ?or\ghly break up & pulv]ise !   
soil4 ,%\ld y be compell$ to use gr\nd t
 has n be5 work$ previ\sly1 & is ( a    
heavy1 damp "*1 x w\ld be well to pl\gh 
z e>ly z possible 9 summ]1 if necess>y1 
us+ a subsoil pl\gh1 to break ! gr\nd to
 a dep? ( fifte5 or sixte5 in*es4  ,h>r[

 to smoo? ! surface1 & repeat ! h>r[+   
ab\t e ?ree weeks until ,octob]1 :5 x   
%\ld be pl\gh$ aga9 to ! dep? ( six or  
sev5 in*es1 manur$ & left until spr+4   
,aft] ! spr+ h>r[+ ! r[s mu/ be m>k$ out
 five feet ap>t & runn+ f nor? to s\?4  
,use ! pl\gh back & =? 9 ! same furr[ to
 make a wide tr5*1 :i* %\ld be six or   
sev5 in*es deep & ab\t a foot wide4 ,if 
mu* ( ! soil falls back into ! tr5*1    
remove x ) a spade or broad hoe1 !n     
plant se$ ab\t ?ree in*es ap>t4 ,keep ! 
r[s free f we$s all ?r\gh ! season & !  
gr\nd loose ar\nd ! plants4  ,x is      
desirable to utilise ! space betwe5 !   
r[s1 z x insures ! gr\nd be+ well       
cultivat$4 ,ea* space w accommodate two 
r[s ( c>rots1 onions or lettuce1 or "o  
r[ ( cabbage4 ,9 ! fall1 :5 ! tops ( !  
asp>agus beg9 to die1 !y mu/ be cut (f &
 burn$4  ,! foll[+ spr+ ! gr\nd betwe5 !
 r[s %\ld be manur$ & pl\gh$1 or spad$  
if ! place is an inclos$ g>d5 & a pl\gh 
_c be us$4 ,/rong roots may ?r[ v       
good-siz$ spr\ts1 b don't be tempt$ to  

ga!r !m1 = _! removal w /imulate ! plant
 to ?r[ up m /alks ?an its age w>rants1 
& ! result w be ei!r dea? or a weakly1  
unpr(itable exi/5ce = sev]al seasons4 ,n
 m ?an "o r[ ( c>rots or onions %\ld be 
gr[n betwe5 ! r[s ! second season1 &1   
unless space is ( great value1 x is z   
well n to use x at all4  ,cultivation   
mu/ be kept up all ?r\gh ! gr[+ season1 
to de/roy we$s & keep ! gr\nd 9         
condition4 ,_m amateurs h an idea t hoe+
 or cultivat+ ( any sort is solely to   
de/roy we$s1 :i* is a great mi/ake4     
,/irr+ ! surface soil breaks ! cru/1 & !
 p[d]$ e>? =ms a mul* :i* keeps ! l[]   
soil moi/1 a condition :i* lib]ates !   
m9]al qualities :i* con/itute           
plant-food4  ,! second spr+ aft] s[+ se$
 a light crop ( /alks may be ga!r$1 say 
two or ?ree f ea* hill1 b n m4 ,!n all[ 
! /alks to gr[ & fea!r out until !y     
assume _! full f]n-l =m4 ,9 ,june apply 
a mod]ate quantity ( b>n-y>d manure     
betwe5 ! r[s if ! gr\nd is n be+ us$4   
,if x is occupi$ by a crop1 use         

comm]cial f]tilis] compos$ ( equal p>ts 
( nitrate ( soda1 sulphate ( pota% &    
wood-a%es4 ,scatt] ea* side ( :atev]    
vegetable occupies ! space betwe5 ! r[s 
& "w ! f]tilis] well into ! soil4  ,9   
,augu/1 :5 ! crop is h>ve/$1 apply a    
mod]ately heavy dress+ ( well-rott$     
b>n-y>d manure4 ,late 9 ,octob] cut d[n 
/alks & burn1 z ! ye> be=e2 !n pl\gh or 
spade betwe5 ! r[s4 ,! ?ird spr+ w br+ !
 b$ to a pr(itable /ate1 ?\gh x w n rea*
 its full ye>ly capacity = ano!r ye>4   
,use ! "o-horse cultivator or hoe betwe5
 ! r[s z e>ly z ! gr\nd c be work$4     
,draw ! e>? slightly f ! roots at fir/1 
to p]mit ! sun to w>m ! gr\nd ar\nd !   
roots & awak5 ! plant to life4  ,a week 
or s lat]1 if :ite asp>agus is desir$1 !
 soil mu/ be aga9 drawn up ov] ! plants 
& ea* r[ hill$ up s z to blea* ! spr\ts4
 ,! op]ation w ne$ repeat+ ab\t once a  
week all ?r\gh ! cutt+ season1 :i* %\ld 
n la/ m ?an ?ree weeks on s "y a b$1    
?\gh 9 future ye>s x may be kept up six 
or ev5 eight weeks4  ,aft] ! cutt+      

season ?r[ d[n ! ridges made by !       
hill+-up & apply ei!r b>n-y>d manure or 
comm]cial f]tilis]1 repeat+ !           
application ab\t ,july #a/4 ,if gre5    
asp>agus is desir$1 ! only diff]5ce 9   
treatm5t consi/s 9 omitt+ ! hill+-up4   
,aft] ! ?ird ye> c>e ( ! b$ consi/s (   
manur+ & cultivat+4 ,we h f\nd x be/ to 
use b>n-y>d manure & comm]cial f]tilis] 
alt]nately4 ,s[+ ! se$ 9 tr5*es or deep 
furr[s is done to insure ! cr[ns be+    
?ree or f\r in*es bel[ ! surface :5 !y h
 develop$ consid]able gr[?1 :i* w\ld n  
be ! case if !y 7 s[n on ! level gr\nd  
to comm5ce )4 ,l its c\s91 ! lily ( !   
valley1 asp>agus s5ds out roots & /alks 
f a he>t or cr[n1 :i* mu/ be und]gr\nd  
:]e x is moi/ & d>k4  ,asp>agus may be  
cann$ l any o!r vegetable = w9t] use2   
pack1 cut ends d[n1 9 glass j>s1 fill   
j>s ) cold wat]1 put ! lids on loosely1 
/& 9 hot wat]1 boil ?ree h\rs1 fill !   
j>s to ! brim ) boil+ wat] & screw lids 
d[n tight4  ,if y consid] t rais+ f se$ 
is beyond y\r pati5ce1 buy plants f a   

reliable gr[]4 ,mo/ nurs]ym5's          
catalogues quote "o & two ye> plants1 b 
! exp]i5c$ are unanim\s 9 pref]r+ /rong 
"o-ye>-old plants1 affirm+ t !y /& be+  
transplant$ bett] ?an ! old] ones4 ,!   
gr\nd mu/ be prep>$ z = se$4 ,:5 !      
plants arrive1 put !m into wat] = twelve
 or tw5ty-f\r h\rs to s(t54 ,set !      
plants two feet ap>t 9 tr5*es1 be+      
c>eful to h ! cr[ns "r side up4 ,if y   
hold up a plant 9 y\r h& y w notice t ! 
?ick fle%y roots all proce$ f ! he>t1 or
 cr[n1 z x is call$1 & droop d[nw>d1 & t
 on ! o!r side ( ! cr[n !re are :at look
 l small rootlets4 ,^! are really ! dry 
/alks f ! prec$+ season & buds ( ! com+ 
season1 & are (t5 mi/ak5 = roots & plac$
 d[nw>d 9 ! tr5*es in/ead ( upw>d1 :i* (
 c\rse !y %\ld be4  ,! prop] way to     
plant is to make a small m\nd at !      
bottom ( ! tr5*--ab\t two h&fuls (      
soil--& spread out ! roots1 & place !   
cr[n on ! m\nd ( e>? 9 su* a way t !    
roots envelope x4 ,press !m firmly into 
place1 & cov] until ! cr[n is ab\t two  

in*es bel[ ! soil4 ,if x happ5s to be a 
dry season1 wat] regul>ly until gr[? is 
well e/abli%$4  ,asp>agus mu/ be cut v  
c>efully1 o!rwise ! embryo %oot may be  
de/roy$ or ! cr[n itself kill$4 ,:5 only
 small quantities are be+ remov$ ea*    
day1 ! be/ plan is to pass ! ?umb &     
=ef+] d[n ! spur an in* or two into !   
gr\nd1 !n b5d outw>d1 & x w snap bel[ ! 
surface ( ! e>? )\t injur+ ! plant 9 any
 way4 ,:5 l>ge b$s are be+ cut = m>ket1 
a knife w h to be us$1 z x does ! "w s  
mu* m quickly4 ,asp>agus-knives are (   
special %ape4 ,!re are sev]al on !      
m>ket1 & !y w be f\nd adv]tis$ 9 all    
se$m5's catalogues4 ,! av]age price is  
fifty c5ts4  ,ru/1 a fungus disease1 has
 become v preval5t dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 
attack+ bo? "y & old b$s4 ,z ! "n       
implies1 x looks l ru/ on ! /alks &     
spoils ! appe>ance = m>ket1 besides     
injur+ ! plant & mat]ially affect+ !    
crop4  ,x has be5 sugge/$ by _m :o h    
/udi$ ! subject t ru/ orig9ates on      
decay+ /alks4 ,= t reason x is advisable

 to burn ! dead /alks z soon z !y are   
cut away 9 ! fall1 in/ead ( all[+ !m to 
decay on a compo/-heap1 z "o does ) o!r 
g>d5 trimm+s4 ,spray+ ) ,bordeaux       
mixture aft] ! cutt+ season ea* ye> has 
be5 recomm5d$ z a prev5tive4 ,once      
e/abli%$1 !re seems no rem$y4 ,we h a   
neighb\r ^: b$s 7 s]i\sly affect$ sev5  
or eight ye>s ago4 ,he tri$ a numb] (   
ord9>y wa%es & p[d]s1 b !y seem$        
useless4 ,six ye>s ago he />t$ new b$s &
 adopt$ our plan ( alt]nat+ comm]cial   
f]tilis] ) b>n-y>d manure z we _h nev]  
_h any sign ( ru/1 & he attribut$ x to !
 a%es 9 ! mixture we us$1 ?9k+ t !y     
purifi$ ! gr\nd4  ,ano!r enemy is !     
asp>agus-beetle--an attractive-look+    
insect1 jet black1 ) r$1 yell[ & blue   
m>k+s4 ,x rema9s hidd5 9 bru% or rubbi% 
?r\gh ! w9t] & comes out 9 ! fir/ w>m   
days ( spr+ to lay its eggs1 always     
*oos+ ! "y1 t5d] spr\ts = _! re/+-place4
 ,9 a few days ! "y grubs hat* & fe$ on 
! asp>agus1 bor+ small holes1 entirely  
ru9+ ! appe>ance ( ! /alks1 &           

occasionally desc5d to ! cr[n ( ! plant 
itself4 ,x only takes ! grubs a mon? to 
pass ?r\gh ! sev]al /ages :i* br+ !m to 
maturity1 s t if only "o or two beetles 
survive ! w9t]1 !re may be an army by ! 
"t ! b$s are be>+ fully4 ,all[+ p\ltry  
to run on ! b$s 9 ! fall & w9t] is ab\t 
! safe/ & easie/ way ( scot*+ ! pe/s1   
?\gh du/+ ) air-slak$ lime 9 ! e>ly spr+
 is recomm5d$1 & "s au?orities sugge/ ! 
cutt+ ( ! b$s z soon z %oots develop 9 !
 e>ly spr+1 hop+ 9 t way to de/roy !    
eggs4 ,?is is r an exp5sive rem$y1 z x  
means burn+ up ! e>ly m>ket crop1 :i*   
br+s ! be/ prices4     ,,h[ ,,to ,,gr[  
,,mu%rooms   ,anyone :o has a good cell>
 :]e an ev5 temp]ature c be ma9ta9$ c   
gr[ mu%rooms = home use1 b if !y are to 
be rais$ 9 l>ge quantities = m>ket1 an  
appropriate build+ mu/ be giv5 ov] to _!
 exclusive use4 ,we h be5 successful =  
sev]al seasons 9 gr[+ mu%rooms 9 an     
amateuri% way1 b x 0 n until a l>ge     
root-cell> 0 left vacant t we ?\ght ( ! 
feasibility ( add+ !m to our m>ket      

products4  ,! f>m we 7 lucky en\gh to   
acquire 0 "o ( ! old-fa%ion$1 practical 
places1 ) a full equipm5t ( build+s4 ,"u
 ! c[-b>n !re 0 a /one basem5t1 us$ = ! 
w9t] /or+ ( root crops4 ,aft] our dairy 
h]d develop$1 x seem$ wise to use       
ensilage in/ead ( roots dur+ ! w9t]4 ,s 
we built a silo1 & ?is left ! /ore-h\se 
vacant4 ,x 0 eighty feet long & fifte5  
feet wide1 s1 aft] we conceiv$ ! mu%room
 idea1 we p>tition$ (f ?irty feet to    
reta9 z a /or+-place = h\sehold         
vegetables & fitt$ up ! o!r fifty feet )
 mu%room-b$s4  ,we put 9 a brood]-h\se  
/ove & pipe sy/em1 :i* co/ "o hundr$ &  
tw5ty doll>s4 ,! lumb] = ! b$s co/ an   
additional ?irty doll>s1 extra manure   
tw5ty-two doll>s & spawn fifty          
doll>s--two hundr$ & tw5ty-two doll>s 9 
all4 ,f\r mon?s lat] we _h receiv$ f\r  
hundr$ & =ty-five doll>s4 ,s9ce !n !    
returns h fluctuat$ betwe5 f\r & five   
hundr$ doll>s1 & we e/imate t x co/s "o 
hundr$ & tw5ty-five doll>s p] season to 
produce ! crop4 ,s ,i ?9k t mu%rooms c  

be consid]$ pr(itable :5 run 9          
connection ) p\ltry or g5]al f>m+1      
especially z !y come 9 at a season ( !  
ye> :5 !re is v little else to be att5d$
 to1 &1 :at is m1 ! only heavy "w is    
prep>+ manure & compo/ = ! b$s1 & t any 
ord9>y f>m man c accompli%4 ,! re/ is   
all s light & easy t a "y girl or a     
delicate woman c att5d to x )\t fatigue4
  ,x is n necess>y to h an exp5sive /one
 or brick build+4 ,we h a neighb\r :o   
uses "p ( an old c[-/able1 & a man 9 !  
suburbs ( ,new ,york1 :o gr[s a quantity
 ea* season1 has simply a dug\t ) r\gh  
bo>d walls1 two feet above ! gr\nd1 & an
 ,a-%ap$ ro(--all cov]$ ) t>-pap]1 a    
place t c\ld n h co/ m ?an sev5ty-five  
doll>s at ! v mo/4 ,a %$ or outbuild+ ( 
any k9d w answ] if x is wea!r-pro( & c  
be kept at a temp]ature ( fifty-five or 
sixty 9 z]o wea!r )\t mu* exp5se4       
,illu/ration3 ,,mu%rooms  ,don't be     
tempt$ to />t on any elaborate scale 9 !
 h\se-cell>1 = ! od\r f ! b$s :il/ !    
manure is heat+ prior to plant+-"t w    

p]meate ! entire h\se & cl+ to c>pets & 
drap]ies 9 a mo/ horrible way4 ,( c\rse1
 ?is does n obta9 :5 only a few are to  
be rais$ = ! home table1 because %all[  
boxes c be us$ & ne$ n be c>ri$ into !  
cell> until ! objectionable p]iod is    
pa/4  ,:5 a special h\se is us$1 ! b$s  
may be made on ! floor1 a great dep? (  
manure us$ & artificial heat disp5s$ )4 
,b x is n a good or economical plan1 = !
 necess>y am\nt ( /able manure w\ld co/ 
z mu* z fuel1 necessitate close wat*+ & 
! result w\ld n be z satisfactory1 s we 
w only consid] ! approv$ me?od ( b5*es &
 artificial heat1 :i* is g5]ally adopt$ 
by ! mod]n m>ket gr[]4  ,! b5*es 9 our  
h\se run on ea* side1 leav+ walks ?ree  
feet wide ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! h\se1 two   
feet along ! side walls4 ,hav+ ! ?ree   
walks enables u to ga!r f ea* side ( !  
b$s1 :i* is almo/ a necessity :5 ! b$s  
are f\r feet wide4 ,) a n>r[] h\se &    
b$s1 a c5tre pa? w\ld be suffici5t1 b x 
%\ld n be less ?an ?ree feet wide =     
conv5i5ce :5 fill+ & empty+ b$s4  ,!    

b5*es are made ( two-by-two /udd+ & r\gh
 hemlock bo>ds1 ! /udd+ be+ us$ = !     
upright supports :i* g f floor to ceil+1
 e five feet ( ! entire l5g? & on ea*   
side ( ! h\se4 ,supports are run        
diagonally betwe5 ea* f\r uprights on   
ea* side ( ! h\se1 to make a f\ndation =
 ! floor ( ! b$s1 z well z to /r5g!n !  
entire /ructure4 ,! hemlock bo>ds are   
us$ = ! sides & bottoms ( ! b$s1 :i* are
 two feet above ! gr\nd4 ,b$s %\ld be   
sixte5 in*es deep1 b we us$ "o r[ (     
bo>ds n9e in*es wide & ano!r r[ six     
in*es wide1 z ! bo>ds happ5$ to be cut 9
 ^? sizes4  ,! second ti] ( b$s1 :i* 7  
add$ a ye> lat]1 7 a foot & a half above
 ! top ( ! fir/ ti] & only twelve in*es 
deep1 b h prov$ q z satisfactory 9 e    
way1 & z ! %all[ b$s take less manure1  
,i ?9k x is safe to advise beg9n]s to   
adopt ! latt] dep? = b$s 9 a h\se :]e   
artificial heat is us$4  ,! bottoms &   
sides ( ! b$s %\ld be fix$ s t !y c be  
easily remov$1 z x facilitates ! "w (   
empty+ b$s1 :i* has to be done e spr+4  

,any heat+ app>atus :i* c be easily     
arrang$ & dep5d$ ^u c1 ( c\rse1 be us$1 
b ,i ?9k ! /ove & pipes :i* are         
specially made = p\ltry plants are ! mo/
 conv5i5t1 z _! con/ruction is s simple 
t any h&y man c fix !m )\t ! aid ( a    
plumb]--a great consid]ation on ! f>m4  
,n>r[ cell> w9d[s 7 ins]t$ 9 ! sides ( !
 h\se1 to furni% light & air 9 ! spr+ & 
fall1 :5 ! heavy "w 0 be+ done1 & also  
:ile ga!r+ ea* day dur+ ! season4 ,x is 
s mu* pleasant] to "w by daylight1 & x  
does n injure ! crop 9 any way1 if      
%utt]s are us$ to keep out ! cold4  ,!  
ma9 factor 9 mu%room-gr[+ is b$s4 ,fir/1
 ! mat]ial ( :i* !y are compos$2        
secondly1 ! way !y are made4 ,fre%      
manure1 ) a fair p]c5tage ( %ort b$d+   
7/raw or leaves pref]ably71 mu/ be      
collect$ ea* day :5 ! /ables are clean$4
 ,we use two p>ts horse & "o "p c[      
manure1 sometimes sub/itut+ %eep-dropp+s
 = horse4 ,! daily collection mu/ be    
/or$ 9 a %$ & made into a pile ab\t ?ree
 feet high & two & a half feet wide4  ,z

 soon z suffici5t manure is collect$ to 
fill ! b$s1 ! cur+ process %\ld be      
comm5c$4 ,?is consi/s ( pack+ manure    
closely toge!r1 & if at all dry1        
slightly moi/5+ x ) wat] or dra9age f ! 
/ables to />t f]m5tation4 ,)9 a few h\rs
 ! heat w comm5ce to create /eam & x mu/
 be =k$ ov] & made into a fre% pile4    
,to *eck ! heat1 :i* w\ld1 if left to   
run its c\rse1 quickly burn out ! value 
( ! manure & r5d] x wor?less1 =k+ &     
repil+ w probably h to be repeat$ ?ree  
or f\r times1 ) f two to ?ree days      
int]v5+1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! manure &
 ! temp]ature4 ,x usually takes f two to
 ?ree weeks to cure manure prop]ly4 ,:5 
x %[s a temp]ature ( "o hundr$ degrees  
,fahr5heit aft] be+ undi/urb$ =         
?irty-six h\rs1 x may be consid]$ all   
"r4  ,we half fill b$s ) ! r\gh mat]ial1
 !n mix soil f sod gr\nd ) ! rema9d] to 
fill up ! top ( ! b$s4 ,! proportion is 
ab\t "o-?ird soil to two-?irds prep>$   
manure4 ,:5 fill+ ! b$s1 ! manure1 &    
also ! mixture ( soil & manure1 %\ld be 

/rew$ 9 ?9 lay]s1 say ab\t two in*es at 
a "t1 & /amp$ d[n ?or\ghly be=e ! next  
lay] is add$4 ,:5 ! b$s are fill$1 cov] 
! surface ) /raw or mats to prev5t ! b$s
 becom+ dry4  ,! manure w heat          
consid]ably aft] be+ pack$ 9 ! b$s1 s   
!rmomet]s %\ld be ins]t$ e few feet1 z  
plant+ mu/ n be done until ! temp]ature 
falls to n9ety degrees ,fahr5heit1 at   
:i* /age ! /raw or mat c be remov$ & !  
spawn ins]t$4 ,! propagation ( mu%rooms 
is entirely diff]5t f t ( any o!r       
vegetable1 nei!r se$1 bulb1 nor cutt+   
hold+ any place 9 ! process4 ,f ! gill-l
 l9+ ( a full-gr[n mu%room fall         
innum]able spores1 s m9ute t if caught  
on a %eet ( pap] !y w\ld look l du/4 ,if
 ! spores fall ^u e>? t is 9 j ! "r     
condition1 m\ld-l filam5ts develop1     
spread & become :at we call spawn4      
,spawn culture is a complicat$ process1 
:i* conc]ns ! gr[] ( mu%rooms n at all1 
z he buys spawn z he w\ld any o!r se$1  
except t x is sold 9 compress$ brick-l  
cakes1 :i* weigh ab\t a p\nd apiece1 or 

9 r\gh %r$s2 ! latt] v>iety be+ kn[n z  
flake or ,fr5* spawn4  ,bricks1 kn[n z  
,engli% spawn1 seem to give ! be/       
results 9 ?is c\ntry & are :at we h     
always us$4 ,!y %\ld be brok5 into      
pieces ab\t ! size ( a walnut1 plant$ 9 
r[s a foot ap>t1 ! pieces be+ six in*es 
ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,! spawn %\ld be ins]t$   
ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,! be/ plan is to lift 
a small "p ( ! manure ) a h& =k1 press  
d[n ! spawn1 replace ! manure & press   
firmly 9 place4 ,! close pack+ is "o ( !
 pr9cipal po9ts ( success1 s x is well  
to g ov] ! entire b$ ) ! back ( a wood5 
%ovel or a small mallet4  ,aft] plant+  
replace ! /raw or mats if ! temp]ature (
 ! h\se is at all dry4 ,eight days lat] 
remove ! mats & cov] ! b$s ) a lay] two 
in*es ?ick ( good g>d5 soil4  ,until !  
mu%rooms beg9 to appe> ! temp]ature ( ! 
h\se may be sixty-five to sixty-eight   
degrees ,fahr5heit1 b f ! mom5t !y      
comm5ce to appe> keep x z ne>ly         
fifty-five z possible4 ,moi/ure mu/ be  
c>efully wat*$4 ,if ! b$s appe> at all  

dry1 ev5 aft] ! soil has be5 plac$ ov]  
!m1 cov] ) mats = a few days or ev5     
spr9kle ! b$s v lightly1 b !y mu/ n be  
made at all wet4 ,p]haps ! safe/ pla9 = 
! inexp]i5c$ is to spr9kle ! walks1 z !n
 !re c be no dang] ( an ov]dose4  ,x    
takes ab\t five weeks = spawn to spread 
?r\gh ! b$s & ab\t ano!r two weeks be=e 
! crop makes its appe>ance4 ,well-made  
b$s1 9 a h\se kept at fifty-five        
degrees1 w yield = t5 or twelve weeks1 b
 dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree weeks ! quantity
 w decrease rapidly4  ,ga!r+ mu/ be done
 e day1 & 9 ! height ( ! yield x is wise
 to g ?r\gh ! b$s twice a day to avoid !
 loss :i* occurs )9 a few h\rs f        
ov]rip5+4 ,:5 ! mu%room fir/ breaks     
?r\gh ! gr\nd1 x is app>5tly a solid1   
:ite ball1 balanc$ on a m9iature column4
 ,a few h\rs1 & ! "u "p ( ! ball breaks 
f ! /ock & ! mu%room gradually spreads l
 an umbrella be+ op5$ & %[s a l9e ( pale
 p9k1 or fle%-col\r$1 gills1 :i* become 
d>k] e h\r until almo/ black1 at :i*    
/age ! mu%room becomes ?9 & rapidly     

decays4  ,if mu%rooms are ga!r$ j aft] !
 veil 7z ! sk9 :i* atta*es ! edge ( !   
cap to ! /ock is te*nically t]m$7       
breaks1 !y c be held ov] = tw5ty-f\r    
h\rs )\t det]iorat+1 if kept 9 a cool   
place away f ! air4 ,if1 by *ance1 "s   
op5 ones escape ! pick]'s notice1 remove
 !m z soon z se54     ,,six ,,good      
,,vegetables ,,to ,,gr[   ,x is /range t
 _m ( ! mo/ useful vegetables are       
neglect$ 9 ! majority ( home g>d5s4     
,okra1 ,swiss *>d1 leeks1 ,brussels     
spr\ts & ,scot* kale are really little  
kn[n1 yet !y are all appetiz+ heal?     
additions to ! table1 & require no      
special conditions or culture4  ,okra1  
or gumbo1 z x is inv>iably call$ 9 !    
,s\?1 figures v l>gely 9 ,creole cook+1 
b "h 9 ! ,ea/ is only j appe>+ 9 !      
m>kets4 ,! dem& is sure to gr[ rapidly1 
because x is "o ( ^? insidi\s articles  
:i* seem indisp5sable :5 once us$4      
,s\ps1 /ews1 gravies & innum]able made  
di%es are all improv$ by a little okra1 
& x is ! basis ( _m special di%es4 ,my  

h\sehold is fond ( gumbo s\p1 s = t     
alone okra _h to h a place 9 ! g>d51 &  
n[ we use x 9 a doz5 diff]5t ways4 ,cut 
into slices & spread alt]nately ) rice &
 tomatoes 9 a cass]ole1 ) butt]1 9 :i*  
curry-p[d] & salt has be5 mix$1 dott$   
all ov] ! top & bak$ = ?ree h\rs1 x is a
 delici\sly sav\ry lun*eon di%4  ,b x is
 ! gr[+1 n ! cook+1 ( ?is neglect$      
vegetable t ,i h to d ) j n[4 ,! gr\nd =
 okra %\ld be ?or\ghly enri*$ & well    
cultivat$4 ,make a furr[ ab\t an in*    
deep1 & if only a home supply is want$1 
ab\t ?irty feet long4 ,s[ ! se$s two    
in*es ap>t 9 r[s & cov]4 ,?9 to eighte5 
in*es ap>t :5 ! se$l+s are ab\t two     
in*es high4 ,if m ?an "o r[ is to be    
gr[n1 make !m two & a half feet ap>t4   
,okra is a semi-tropical plant1 s is    
bett] n s[n until ! second week 9 ,may4 
,once />t$1 x gr[s v rapidly1 yields &  
cont9ues a supply ( pods ?r\gh\t !      
season4 ,! fl[]s are l>ge & r pretty1 b 
only la/ a few h\rs2 aft] !y fall x     
takes ab\t twelve h\rs = a pod to       

develop suffici5tly = ga!r+4 ,to be 9   
p]fect condition = cook+ !y %\ld n be   
mu* m ?an an in* long4 ,any surplus     
quantity c be dri$ or cann$ = w9t] use4 
,slic$1 !y are a spl5did addition to    
mix$ pickles4  ,swiss *>d is su* a true 
cut-&-come-aga9 t = home or m>ket x is  
invaluable1 & a p\ltry-keep] c f9d no   
bett] or *eap] gre5 food = f[ls t are   
y>d$4 ,! leaves & /alks are ! edible "p1
 & c be boil$ l sp9a* or ! /alks alone  
us$4 ,!y are :ite & run ! full l5g? ( ! 
leaf4 ,cut !m out & tie loosely2 cook & 
s]ve j z y w\ld asp>agus4 ,! new v>iety 
call$ 8,lucullus0 is1 ,i ?9k1 ! be/4    
,make ! gr\nd v ri*2 s[ 9 r[s ?ree feet 
ap>t1 ab\t ! end ( ,april or ! fir/ week
 9 ,may4 ,?9 ! plants :5 !y are ab\t two
 in*es high to /& eighte5 in*es ap>t4   
,:5 us$ z sp9a* cut ! leaves :5 !y are  
t5 in*es high1 b :5 ! /alks are to      
simulate asp>agus ga!r+ %\ld be delay$  
until !y are ab\t f\rte5 in*es high4 ,!n
 cut (f ! gre5 "p ( ! leaf1 :i* c /ill  
be us$ z gre5s4 ,no matt] h[ ! leaves   

are to be us$ or at :at height ! crop is
 cut1 be v c>eful nev] to injure ! he>t 
( ! plant1 = if y d successive crops w  
be spoil$4  ,brussels spr\ts h be5 ga9+ 
fav\r 9 ! m>ket dur+ ! la/ few ye>s &   
%\ld c]ta9ly be 9 e g>d51 = !y possess  
all ! heal?ful qualities ( cabbage1 & ! 
flav\r is mu* m delicate4  ,:5 small1 ! 
plants look exactly l cabbage1 b in/ead 
( firm1 solid heads1 ! /alks run up to  
twelve or f\rte5 in*es 9 height1 & baby 
cabbages spr+ out all ar\nd ! /alk = !  
entire l5g?4 ,"o plant (t5 yields       
?irty-five or =ty ( ^! dim9utive        
cabbages4  ,"o great advantage (        
,brussels spr\ts is t ! se$ ne$ n be s[n
 until ,june & ! plants are n ready =   
transplant+ until ,july1 s c succe$ e>ly
 peas 9 ! same gr\nd4 ,l all memb]s ( ! 
cabbage family1 ,brussels spr\ts are    
gluttons & positively mu/ h heavy & ri* 
gr\nd4 ,s[ se$ 9 %all[ drills2          
transplant :5 se$l+s are ab\t ?ree in*es
 high1 two feet ap>t 9 r[s ?ree feet    
ap>t4 ,= e>ly spr+ h>ve/1 s[ se$s 9     

hotb$ dur+ ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,mature    
plants are q h>dy1 b mu/ be dug up be=e 
sev]e fro/4 ,! be/ way to keep ! home   
supply is to hang ! :ole plant up by !  
roots 9 a fro/-pro( cell>4  ,leeks &    
w9t] onions are memb]s ( ! onion family 
:i* are usually ov]look$1 & x is a great
 pity1 because !y are bo? mo/ desirable4
 ,leeks %\ld be s[n on v f9e1 ri* soil4 
,a heavy dress+ ( p\ltry manure1 appli$ 
! fall be=e plant+1 is an ideal         
f]tilis]4 ,scatt] ! se$ ?ick 9 r[s two  
feet ap>t & ?9 out ! plants s t !y /&   
n9e in*es ap>t4 ,cultivate ! gr\nd      
con/antly & hill up z ! plants gr[4 ,?is
 is a "p ( ! "w :i* mu/ n be neglect$1 z
 x enc\rages ! gr[? & blea*es ! /alks4  
,a slight fro/ won't hurt !m1 b !y mu/  
be heavily bank$ up & cov]$ ) litt] if  
!y are to /ay out 9 ! gr\nd until spr+4 
,! w9t] supply ( ^! vegetables %\ld be  
dug 9 ,decemb] & /or$ 9 ! h\se =        
conv5i5ce4 ,pack !m1 /&+ up z !y gr[1 9 
boxes2 scatt] e>? betwe5 !m1 & keep !m 9
 a d>k cell>4 ,= s\ps !y are mu* sup]ior

 to ord9>y onions4 ,boil$ & s]v$ ) :ite 
sauce1 !y are a mo/ enjoyable vegetable4
  ,w9t] bun* onions1 z !y are t]m$1 are 
really ! e>lie/ ( all spr+ onions4 ,s[ !
 se$ 9 %all[ drills1 a foot ap>t1 9 ,may
 or ,june4 ,cultivate until fall1 !n    
cov] ) litt]4 ,e>ly 9 ! foll[+ spr+ rake
 (f & cultivate lightly betwe5 ! r[s1 & 
y w h delici\s gre5 onions = table or   
m>ket :5 o!r p are ?9k+ ab\t s[+ ! se$4 
,kale %\ld be consid]$ indisp5sable 9 e 
g>d51 = x comes into season late 9 !    
fall1 :5 fro/ has demoli%$ all o!r      
gre5s4 ,ev5 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,york x c
 be reli$ ^u to furni% e>ly spr+ gre5s  
almo/ be=e ! sn[ is (f ! gr\nd4 ,9 fact1
 ,i h ga!r$ x f "u deep sn[ 9 midw9t] & 
f\nd x 9 good condition4 ,se$s %\ld be  
s[n ab\t ! middle ( ,june1 & ! se$l+s   
transplant$ into r[s two feet & a half  
ap>t4 ,! leaves are curly & ( a d>k     
gre51 & %\ld n be us$ until !re has be5 
"s fro/1 = until froz5 !y are z t\gh z  
!y are t5d] aft] ,jack ,fro/ has visit$ 
!m4  ,z soon z ! wea!r becomes cold]1   

bank /raw or leaves on ea* side ( ! r[s 
up to ! top ( ! kale & !n put c$>       
bran*es or bru% ( "s sort along ea* side
 to keep ! cov]+ 9 place4  ,kohlrabi is 
ano!r valuable vegetable1 :i* comes 9 :5
 o!r ?+s h fad$4 ,x really belongs to ! 
cabbage family1 b x is m l ! turnip4 ,! 
edible "p is ! bulb :i* develops above  
gr\nd4 ,:5 cook$ x looks & ta/es l a mo/
 delicately flav\r$ turnip4 ,z !y mu/ be
 cook$ :ile "y & t5d]1 x is be/ to make 
sev]al s[+s2 "o 9 ! hotb$ 9 ,febru>y1 & 
two o!rs 9 ! op5 gr\nd2 ! fir/ 9 ,may1 !
 second 9 ,augu/4 ,!y c /& q a heavy    
fro/ & s are usable until ,decemb] or   
,janu>y1 accord+ to ! season4  ,s[ 9 r[s
 plac$ ab\t two feet ap>t1 & aft] ! "y  
plants h atta9$ suffici5t /r5g? to )/&  
attacks f beetles & su* insects1 ?9 !m  
to two feet ap>t4  ,p]haps x is z well  
to add a few h9ts ab\t ! g5]al          
cultivation ( ^! vegetables--h9ts :i* w 
be useful = all g>d5+4 ,cultivation mu/ 
be con/ant & ?or\gh1 especially :5 !    
soil is light & s&y4 ,( c\rse1 no good  

g>d5] w p]mit we$s to get a foo?old 9 8 
t]ritory1 b ! con/ant use ( ! rake is   
mu* m important1 = x keeps up ! supply (
 moi/ure 9 ! soil ar\nd ! roots ( !     
plants1 & s insures _! be+ well f$ &    
mak+ rapid gr[?4  ,?is is a po9t :i*    
always seems to puzzle inexp]i5c$       
g>d5]s1 s x ne$s explanation4 ,/irr+ !  
surface soil ) a f9e rake z soon z x is 
p>tly dry aft] a ra91 furni%es a mul* ( 
du/ :i* prev5ts ! moi/ure 9 ! l[] e>?   
escap+1 because x *ecks ! capill>y      
process by :i* moi/ure travels to !     
surface & is c>ri$ into ! air4 ,! soil  
may be ri* 9 ! m9]al & animal compon5ts 
:i* con/itute plant-food1 b unless      
moi/ure is pres5t 9 suffici5t quantities
 ^! are n available z su/5ance = plants4
     ,,h[ ,,to ,,plant ,,& ,,cultivate  
,,/rawb]ries   ,j :y gr[+ "o's own      
/rawb]ries %\ld create a s5se (         
sup]iority is difficult to say1 b x     
does4 ,city fri5ds1 :o accept really    
difficult agricultural accompli%m5ts )  
matt]-(-fact indiff]5ce1 t5d] a sort (  

wond]+ respect to ! /rawb]ry-gr[]1 & :at
 is m extraord9>y1 ! gr[] inv>iably     
accepts ! laudation ) ! condesc5d+ pride
 ( a victor4 ,at lea/1 ,i mu/ own to "s 
su* feel+1 ev5 ?\gh ,i "k h[ absurd x   
is1 = ! small wild b]ry is indig5\s to  
?is c\ntry & 0 adopt$ by ! ?rifty       
colonial h\sewives z a g>d5-plant long  
be=e ! horticulturi/s dream$ ( tak+ x "u
 _! sci5tific managem5t4  ,! cultivat$  
/rawb]ries are some:at l exotics1 hav+  
be5 creat$ 9 ,europe f ! native wild    
b]ry & a some:at simil> wild plant      
br\ght f ,*ili 9 #agej4 ,v>ieties       
result+ f t cross 7 subsequ5tly br\ght  
to ?is c\ntry & furni%$ ! /ock f :i* has
 gradually be5 develop$ ! l>ge1 lusci\s 
fruit ( to-day4 ,b x /ill likes ,am]ican
 soil & s w ?rive 9 a wid] range (      
latitude ?an any o!r cultivat$ plant4   
,!re are sev]al /rawb]ry f>ms 9 our     
vic9ity &1 accord+ to ! own]s1 !y be>   
mo/ pr(itable crops4 ,"o gr[] tells me t
 he av]ages six ?\s& qu>ts to ! acre1 & 
gets an av]age price ( eight c5ts a     

qu>t4 ,ano!r neighb\r says he calculates
 to cle> ?ree hundr$ doll>s an acre f 8 
b]ries4 ,p]sonally1 ,i c't quote        
figures1 because we h nev] gone 9 =     
m>ket b]ries4 ,be+ v fond ( !m1 & want+ 
! v be/ we c\ld possibly gr[1 we h      
always conf9$ our ef=ts to g>d5 culture1
 j = home consumption1 & ! rew>d has be5
 su* epicurean fea/s t we h be5         
satisfi$4  ,l asp>agus1 /rawb]ry b$s    
%\ld be e/abli%$ z soon z ! family has  
settl$ 9 a c\ntry home1 because x takes 
a ye> to get a full crop4 ,!re are a    
great _m v>ieties to *oose f1 b ,i ?9k x
 is be/ to re/rict selection to ! old   
e/abli%$ k9ds4 ,! ,m>%all = fir/ e>ly1 !
 ,gl5 ,m>y = mid-season & ! ,g&y = late 
ga!r+4 ,& truly ,i don't believe !re c  
be a bett] selection = ! home g>d5 9 !  
vic9ity ( ,new ,york4  ,b1 z "s v>ieties
 d bett] ?an o!rs 9 a c]ta9 locality1 x 
is advisable to consult old resid5ts 9 !
 neighb\rhood & ! nurs]ym5 f :om plants 
are ord]$4  ,light s&y soil1 slop+      
slightly to ! s\?1 w produce ! e>lie/   

b]ries1 b we are conv9c$ f exp]i5ce t   
slightly heavi] soil & a m nor!rly      
exposure produces a bett] fruit 9       
mid-season4 ,our b$s all slope to ! s\?1
 b ! late v>ieties are s situat$ t !y   
are slightly %ad$ by a r[ ( "y pe>      
trees1 :i* protects !m f ! direct rays (
 ! sun4 ,! soil is--or r 0--( ord9>y    
quality1 nei!r v s&y nor v heavy1 s =   
sev]al seasons we scatt]$ f9e coal a%es 
betwe5 ! r[s ( ! e>ly plants1 :i*       
mat]ially light5$ ! soil1 & = sev]al    
ye>s we h _h b]ries f five to t5 days   
e>li] ?an our neighb\rs4  ,new b$s may  
be />t$ 9 ! fall or spr+1 :i*ev] is !   
mo/ conv5i5t4 ,if ! plants are set out 9
 ! e>ly fall1 !y w be> ! foll[+ season1 
b if plant+ is delay$ until spr+1 x w be
 a full ye> be=e any fruit c be expect$4
 ,s ,i recomm5d ,augu/ plant+ ( all     
plants to ! beg9n]1 & spr+ plant+ :5 !re
 are e/abli%$ b$s to take o!r plants f4 
,to expla93 ,/rawb]ries are propagat$ f 
! runn]s1 :i*1 "u natural conditions1   
%oot out f ! p>5t plants &1 tak+ root1  

develop individual cr[ns4 ,b !          
up-to-date nurs]yman has ( late ye>s    
tak5 to s9k+ small pots fill$ ) ri* e>? 
9 ! b$s1 !n by lift+ ! ends ( ! runn]s  
on to ! pots ! roots ( ! "y plants      
develop )9 ! pot in/ead ( on ! gr\nd & c
 lat] 9 ! season be remov$ )\t any *eck 
to gr[?1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 greatly          
facilitates ! gr[? ( ! cr[n aft] x is   
set out 9 its p]man5t position4  ,pot   
plants1 z !y are call$1 are slightly m  
exp5sive ?an lay] plants1 b !y are well 
wor? x :5 "t is an object4  ,be=e !     
plants arrive ! gr\nd %\ld be ?or\ghly  
prep>$ by digg+ & rak+ until x is 9 a   
f9e fibr\s condition4 ,m>k (f r[s f\r   
feet ap>t4 ,:5 ! plants are receiv$1    
unpack & wat] copi\sly1 & leave 9 a %ady
 place = tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e sett+ out1 
at :i* "t make a hole ) a tr[el a little
 l>g] ?an ! pot 9 :i* ! plant has be5   
gr[+1 fill x ab\t half-full ( wat]1 & if
 ! plants h be5 deliv]$ 9 ! pots1 remove
 c>efully by loos5+ ! soil1 :i* is done 
by pu%+ a small /ick ?r\gh ! dra9-hole &

 turn+ ! pot upside d[n4 ,!n slip out ! 
ball ( e>?1 & put x into ! hole :i* y   
made ) ! tr[el4 ,fill 9 ) ! loose e>? & 
! process ( plant+ w be complete4       
,plants %\ld be set two feet ap>t 9 !   
r[s4 ,if !y are /rong & heal?y specim5s1
 gr[? w />t almo/ imm$iately1 s y mu/ g 
c>efully ?r\gh ! r[s 9 ab\t two weeks'  
"t1 :5 ! plants w h comm5c$ to ?r[ out  
runn]s4 ,we nev] all[ m ?an f\r = ea*   
plant1 & ^? are tra9$ to root z ne>ly z 
possible be=e & beh9d & on ea* side ( ! 
p>5t plant1 :i* makes a solid r[ ab\t   
tw5ty-sev5 in*es wide at ! end ( ! gr[+ 
season4 ,! be/ way ( insur+ runn]s root+
 is to press !m close to ! soil1 hold+  
!m 9 place ei!r ) a small /one or a     
h&ful ( e>?4  ,aft] gr[? /ops 9 ! fall1 
! space betwe5 ! r[s %\ld receive a     
dress+ ( comm]cial f]tilis] & be well   
spad$ ov]4 ,ab\t ,decemb] #a/ a mul* (  
/raw or leaves %\ld be spread ov] !     
plants to protect !m f ! fro/4 ,e>ly !  
foll[+ spr+ ! same "w is repeat$1 & ab\t
 ,may #a/ ! mul* is remov$ f imm$iately 

ar\nd ! plants1 b left on ! gr\nd to    
keep ! b]ries f com+ 9 contact ) ! e>?1 
& also to keep ! soil moi/ ab\t ! roots4
 ,! b$s mu/ be kept free f we$s at all  
times4  ,aft] ! crop has be5 ga!r$1 a   
few runn]s are all[$ to develop & are   
root$ 9 pots1 z expla9$ above1 to be us$
 9 e/abli%+ new gr[? lat] 9 ,augu/1 z we
 always put out six new r[s ea* season &
 demoli% six old ones1 z "y plants yield
 m & bett] fruit ?an old ones4 ,= m>ket 
! culture _c be s c>eful1 because ! size
 ( ! b$s w necessitate ! use ( horse    
cultivation4 ,:at is m1 pot plants co/  
too mu*4  ,! successful m>ket gr[]1 to  
:om ,i h ref]r$ previ\sly1 practises !  
foll[+ me?od3 ,! gr\nd f :i* e>ly       
potatoes h be5 h>ve/$ is s[n ) oats &   
rye1 & :5 t crop is remov$ ! foll[+     
summ] ! gr\nd is pl\gh$1 h>r[$ & m>k$ (f
 9 r[s f\r feet ap>t1 & ! plants are    
tak5 f ! field set out ! ye> be=e4  ,:5 
! field is plant$ 9 ,june1 a man goes   
?r\gh ! r[s ab\t ,augu/ & cov]s ! tips (
 ! runn]s ) a little soil1 to hold !m   

d[n to ! gr\nd4 ,?is "w is usually done 
by a man's foot & a hoe2 !n1 aft] gr[?  
/ops 9 ! fall or be=e x />ts ! foll[+   
spr+1 ! "y plants =m$ f ! runn]s are    
sev]$ f ! p>5t plant & tak5 up4 ,?is is 
accompli%$ by runn+ a "o-horse pl\gh    
along ! outside ( ! r[s to cut ! runn]s 
& ?r[ out ! plants1 s mak+ x easy = a   
man to g along & pick up ! /ronge/      
plants1 :i* are c>ri$ to a tr5* 9 "s    
conv5i5t location & left until ! foll[+ 
,june4  ,! tr5*es are made ab\t six     
in*es deep & ! plants are set ab\t "o   
in* ap>t1 & ! tr5* refill$4 ,aga9 a     
man's foot & ! hoe d ! "w4 ,! idea is t 
sev]+ plants :ile 9 a dormant condition 
& /or+ !m closely 9 a tr5* prev5ts _!   
feel+ ! %ock ( removal f ! p>5t /em &   
ret>ds gr[? until "t to b$4 ,( c\rse1 :5
 !y are remov$ to p]man5t r[s1 !y are   
plant$ "o foot ap>t & fields are kept   
free f we$s by ! use ( a "o-horse       
cultivator betwe5 ! r[s4  ,ev5 9 field  
culture ! runn]s h to be att5d$ to z    
soon z !y comm5ce to =m4 ,all[+ sev]al  

to develop f ea* plant w make ! r[ a    
comp>atively solid mass ( f fifte5 to   
eighte5 in*es wide at ! end ( ! season4 
,a field set out 9 ,june or e>ly ,july w
 give a full crop ! foll[+ ye> & be     
ne>ly z productive ! second ye> if e>ly 
cultivat$ & f]tilis$1 b aft] t %\ld be  
pl\gh$ up & ! gr\nd us$ = potatoes1     
cabbage or "s o!r crops be=e x is aga9  
us$ = /rawb]ries4  ,! gr\nd on :i*      
/rawb]ries are to be gr[n %\ld h be5    
well enri*$ ) b>n-y>d manure = previ\s  
crops1 b comm]cial f]tilis] %\ld be us$ 
:ile b]ries hold possession ( ! gr\nd1 =
 b>n-y>d manure is apt to conta9 !      
spores ( fungus diseases :i* attack     
/rawb]ries4 ,any sign ( ^! diseases %\ld
 be in/antly *eck$ by spray+ ) ,bordeaux
 mixture4 ,"o ?+ m4 ,:5 pur*as+ plants1 
rememb] t !re are :at are call$ p]fect &
 imp]fect plants4 ,! latt] are j z good 
= all practical purposes if plant$ side 
by side ) p]fect plants1 b n o!rwise4   
,,h[ ,,to ,,gr[ ,,small ,,fruits   ,if  
ga!r$ :5 ripe1 & s]v$ at once1 b]ries--9

 fact1 all ! small fruits--are und\bt$ly
 luxuries4 ,s ! c\ntry home %\ld always 
devote "s space to !m1 no matt] h[ small
 ! g>d5 may be2 & :5 ! home is a f>m1   
expect$ to become self-support+1 ! b]ry 
or*>d %\ld be e/abli%$ imm$iately aft]  
tak+ possession1 = ! outlay is little1  
returns quick1 & necess>y k is v easily 
acquir$4 ,!re=e1 small fruits are a     
p]man5t bran* ( husb&ry to be recomm5d$ 
to ! amateur ( small means1 :o ne$s a   
m>ketable commodity to keep ! pot boil+4
  ,l mo/ old f>ms1 our place _h a few   
neglect$ currant bu%es1 a pat* (        
half-wild black & r$ raspb]ries1 & a    
/rawb]ry b$ 9 a mo/ demoralis$          
condition4 ,b ev5 ^! poor deg5]ates     
conv9c$ u ( ! economy ( gr[+ small      
fruits = our own use1 & ! pr(it to be   
d]iv$ by supply+ o!r p's tables4        
,besides ! luxury ( hav+ fre%ly-ga!r$   
fruit1 !re are pres]ves1 jellies &      
cordials = w9t] use4 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ 
ye> we ?or\ghly prun$ & cultivat$ ! old 
brambles1 & plant$ half an acre )       

brambles & black & r$ currants4 ,aft]w>d
 ! space 0 enl>g$1 until we _h a        
good-siz$ b]ry or*>d1 :i* has always %[n
 a pr(it ev5 9 ! wor/ seasons4 ,brambles
 w gr[ 9 almo/ any gr\nd1 b if well f$ &
 giv5 a cong5ial home !y yield mu*      
bett]4 ,! fruit is l>g]1 bett] col\r$ & 
f9] flav\r$4 ,s1 :5 possible1 select    
gr\nd t is some:at s&y 9 "*1 ) a heavy  
subsoil4 ,gr\nd t has be5 "u cultivation
 = two or ?ree seasons is be/1 because x
 w h be5 well work$1 & s w be           
comp>atively free f we$s4 ,comm5ce ) a  
small pat*1 say half an acre1 divid$    
equally betwe5 black & r$ raspb]ries1   
blackb]ries & black & r$ currants4      
,/rawb]ries _c be includ$ 9 a g5]al     
small-fruit or*>d1 because ! b$s are    
pr(itable = only ?ree ye>s1 & x is bett]
 to take !m into regul> crop rotation1  
us+ gr\nd t has previ\sly be5 occupi$ by
 potatoes or corn4 ,z space is some:at  
limit$1 we w devote ?is *apt] to        
brambles & currants4  ,!re are new      
plants = fav\r ea* ye> 9 nurs]y         

catalogues1 b we w cov] only a few ( !  
old /&-bys1 su* z ! foll[+ li/3         
,raspb]ries 7r$71 ,columbian & ,cu?b]t2 
7black7 ,gregg & ,cumb]l&2 blackb]ries1 
,wilson & ,taylor2 currants1 ,r$ ,*]ry &
 ,fay's ,prolific2 gooseb]ries1 ,indu/ry
 & ,pe>l4 ,! be/ plan is to pur*ase a   
few doz5 plants ( ea* v>iety f "s good  
nurs]y = p>5t /ock1 & :5 !y are once    
well set1 d y\r own propagat+ f !m4     
,raspb]ries %\ld be set ?ree feet ap>t1 
9 r[s five feet ap>t4 ,h ! gr\nd well   
dress$ ) /able manure1 & m>k (f 9 r[s4  
,x is be/ to use a pl\gh = ! m>k+1 z y  
!n h a furr[ ab\t ! "r dep? 9 :i* to    
plant4 ,if ! plants h travell$ f>1 /& !m
 9 a %all[ pan or half b>rel1 & cov] !  
roots ) wat] = t5 or twelve h\rs be=e   
plant+4 ,brambles t are kept well trimm$
 ne$ no /ak+ out1 b :5 plant+ "y /ock x 
is well to h "s /akes cut ab\t f\r feet 
long & po9t$ at "o end4 ,drive "o e ?ree
 feet along ! r[s1 & !n set ! plant     
close up to x4 ,spread out ! roots 9 !  
natural =m1 & firm ! e>? well ar\nd !m1 

!n tie ! canes loosely to ! /ake1 to    
prev5t ! w9d f bl[+ !m f side to side4  
,unless /akes are us$ at ?is "t1        
brambles or small bu%es sway f side to  
side 9 e light breeze1 & ! roots are    
loos5$1 ?us prev5t+ !m f ga9+ any hold  
on ! gr\nd4 ,cultivation %\ld be z      
?or\gh & con/ant z = corn until ,augu/1 
z x is requir$ to keep d[n we$s & p]mit 
gr[?4 ,aft] ,augu/1 cultivation %\ld    
/op1 to *eck ! gr[? & all[ ! summ] wood 
"t to rip5 be=e fro/4  ,to ^? :o are new
 to g>d5+1 ! above may ne$ "s           
explanation4 ,cultivation--by :i* is    
meant /irr+ ! surface soil ) !          
cultivator or g>d5 rake--prev5ts !      
moi/ure f escap+ f ! gr\nd4 ,moi/ure    
releases & br+s into consumable =m !    
diff]5t prop]ties ( ! soil :i* con/itute
 plant-food4 ,a b\ntiful supply (       
n\ri%m5t naturally promotes gr[?4 ,/op  
cultivation1 & food decreases1 gr[?     
/ops1 & ! t5d] twigs at ! extremity (   
bran*es h "t to h>d5 suffici5tly to     
resi/ fro/ t w\ld kill new gr[?4        

,plant+ & g5]al c>e are virtually ! same
 ) blackb]ries4 ,raspb]ries are ( a we$y
 or spread+ nature1 & ?r[ up new %oots f
 root b$s1 :i* mu/ be kept d[n betwe5   
r[s1 or ! pat* w become a tangl$        
wild]ness )9 a few ye>s4 ,ev5 dur+ !    
fir/ summ] aft] sett+ out x is advisable
 to top-prune z fre% gr[? is made4      
,don't all[ ! canes to gr[ to a l5g? ( m
 ?an tw5ty in*es4 ,! p9*+ (f ( ! ends   
=ces !m to ?r[ out side bran*es & m     
canes f ! ma9 root1 a v desirable ?+1 z 
fruit is borne only on ! extremity (    
bran*es gr[n ! prec$+ ye>4 ,aft] ! fir/ 
ye> all ! old canes :i* h borne fruit   
mu/ be cut out4 ,9 w9t]1 :5 sap has     
return$ to ! roots1 is ! be/ "t = ?is   
"w2 b z ! amateur may f9d "s difficulty 
9 di/+ui%+ ! old canes f ! new ones1 x  
is saf] to d ! demoli%+ soon aft] !     
fruit has be5 ga!r$1 :5 !re c be no     
mi/ake4 ,ea* fall ?r[ well-rott$ /able  
manure ar\nd ! roots ( ea* plant1 & =k x
 into ! gr\nd z e>ly 9 ! spr+ z ! wea!r 
p]mits4 ,at ! same "t run ! pl\gh betwe5

 ! r[s1 to de/roy ! undesirable root    
%oots4 ,blackb]ries d n =m root b$s t   
s5d up new %oots1 s ! pl\gh+ ne$ n be   
practis$ betwe5 ! r[s2 o!rwise1 cle>+ & 
prun+ are virtually ! same z =          
raspb]ries4  ,:5 m plants are requir$ ( 
! raspb]ry family1 all[ "s ( ! root     
%oots to develop dur+ ! summ]1 & e>ly ! 
foll[+ spr+ take !m up ) a %>p spade1   
:i* w sev] ! connection betwe5 ! new & !
 old plant )\t injury to ei!r4 ,z       
blackb]ries d n ?r[ up new plants 9 !   
same way1 !y mu/ be creat$ f se$s or    
lay]s4 ,all[ "o or two canes ( old      
plants to gr[ long en\gh to fall ov] &  
rea* ! gr\nd1 & 9 ,augu/ peg ! tops to !
 gr\nd ) a =k$ /ick1 & draw up a little 
m\ld ar\nd ea*4 ,!y w soon ?r[ out roots
 & top gr[?1 & e>ly ! foll[+ spr+ c be  
cut f ! p>5t bran* ab\t eight in*es     
above ! root$ end4 ,dig up a new plant1 
& set 9 r[s ! same z raspb]ries4 ,all ! 
brambles are v vigor\s gr[]s & rem>kably
 free f disease1 b x is advisable to    
keep a look\t = ! an?racnose1 :i* is a  

greyi%-look+ spot ) a purple c5tre4 ,!y 
are mo/ likely to make _! appe>ance 9   
summ] on "y canes1 & if n *eck$1        
multiply & ev5tually kill ! plants4 ,cut
 out any affect$ canes imm$iately aft]  
discov]y1 & burn4 ,spray ! adjac5t      
plants ) ,bordeaux mixture two or ?ree  
times1 all[+ twelve or fifte5 days      
betwe5 ! applications4 ,if old plants   
are affect$1 !y don't ne$ any           
consid]ation--take %oots f !m4          
,orange-ru/ is ! yell[i%-look+ spot on !
 "u side ( ! leaves4 ,! only rem$y is to
 dig up1 & cremate1 b ,i truly ?9k1     
in/ead ( talk+ ab\t cause & cure (      
occasional diseases1 x is bett] to set  
out new plants e five or six ye>s1 =    
fre%-gr[n y\?ful vig\r inv>iably        
militates disease m ?an any am\nt (     
doctor+4  ,currants1 bo? black & r$1    
%\ld be 9 e small-fruit or*>d2 or if !re
 is no special or*>d1 a few bu%es %\ld  
be plant$ 9 ! vegetable g>d54 ,bu%es    
%\ld /& five feet ap>t1 9 a p>tly %ady  
position if possible1 & 9 ri*1 moi/     

soil4 ,currant bu%es be> = _m ye>s if   
prop]ly c>$ =1 & 9 _! case prun+ ne$ n  
be an annual occurr5ce1 z ! same bran*es
 w be> = sev]al ye>s2 x is advisable1   
h[ev]1 to cut out a few ( ! old] bran*es
 e two or ?ree ye>s1 & enc\rage new     
gr[?4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ spray well1 & aga9 
aft] ! fruit has =m$1 & yet aga9 late 9 
! summ]1 = bor]s4 ,?is is ! wor/ &      
commone/ enemy ! currant has4 ,x        
orig9ates f a d>k-blue mo? ) yell[ b&s  
across ! body1 :i* lays its eggs on !   
buds ( ! out] bran*es4 ,! eggs hat* into
 small :ite cat]pill>s ) d>k heads4     
,aft] de/roy+ ! appe>ance ( ! bu% !y    
bore to ! c5tre ( ! /ems1 & rema9 !re   
until ! foll[+ ye>4 ,mu* disease & _m   
insect pe/s w be av]t$ if all dead      
leaves are rak$ up f "u ! bu%es 9 ! late
 fall1 & burn$4 ,mul* ar\nd ! bu%es 9 ! 
e>ly w9t] ) /able manure1 & =k into !   
gr\nd ! foll[+ spr+4 ,/ock c be increas$
 ei!r by divid+ l>ge bu%es1 :i* is      
really ! quicke/ way1 or by tak+ cutt+s4
 ,if ! latt] me?od is foll[$--& :5 !re  

are only "y bu%es on ! premises1 x w h  
to be--take ab\t eight in*es (f ! end ( 
well-develop$ bran*es ( ! same season's 
gr[?4 ,plant !m s t all b ! top leaf-bud
 is "u gr\nd4 ,!y ne$ n be set m ?an    
?ree in*es ap>t1 & mu/ be transplant$ ! 
foll[+ ye>4 ,augu/ is ! be/ season to   
take ! cutt+s1 z x gives !m "t to =m    
roots be=e fro/4 ,9 ,novemb] protect !m 
slightly ) a mul* ( /raw or leaves4 ,!y 
%\ld rema9 9 ! nurs]y b$ = a ye> be=e   
be+ transplant$ aga9 to _! p]man5t      
position4  ,gooseb]ries are usually     
pick$ gre5 & us$ = pies1 b :5 !         
l>ge-fruit+ v>ieties are gr[n !y are    
delici\s raw :5 ripe4 ,! soil %\ld be   
ri*1 heavy loam well dra9$4 ,little     
prun+ is ne$$ = ! fir/ two or ?ree ye>s 
beyond ! clipp+ back ( ! %oots to       
develop fruit spurs along ! cane1 b (   
c\rse weak or brok5 bran*es mu/ be      
remov$4  ,propagation is done by suck]s 
& m\nd lay]s1 ?\gh ! ,am]ican v>ieties  
gr[ easily f cutt+s4 ,to procure /rong  
m\nd lay]s1 cut ! old bu%es back 9 !    

late fall or e>ly spr+ to enc\rage new  
%oots to spr+ up f ! roots1 & :5 !y are 
f "o to two feet high press !m outw>d f 
! p>5t plant1 cov]+ ! base ( ! %oot up  
to ab\t f\r in*es above ! root ) e>?1   
pack+ x well d[n4 ,!n 9 ! fall or foll[+
 spr+ sev] ! %oot f ! p>5t plant &      
transplant to ! p]man5t home4 ,let !m /&
 ab\t f\r feet ap>t ea* way4     ,,h[   
,,to ,,raise ,,p]5nial ,,plants   ,!    
revival ( ! old-"t h>dy g>d5 has become 
su* a craze among fa%ionable folk t !   
c\ntry woman :o desires to add to h]    
income w f9d gr[+ p]5nial plants = sale 
a pr(itable occupation1 provid$1        
rememb]1 t !re is a well-to-d community 
ne> at h& :]e %e may f9d a ready m>ket4 
,l all occupations :i* h to d ) ,nature1
 x is folly to attempt x unless y h an  
innate love ( ! "w1 = x requires !      
compreh5sive sympa?y ( a real aff9ity1 z
 well z te*nical k1 to re> ei!r plants  
or animals successfully4  ,! great      
advantage 9 rais+ b$d+ plants is ! small
 space & capital requir$4 ,a hundr$     

squ>e feet1 & two or ?ree doll>s = se$s1
 w enable anyone to make a beg9n+1 :i* c
 easily be work$ up into a l>ge bus9ess4
 ,! correct mon? = />t+ p]5nials f se$  
is ,june1 b z t necessitates wait+ ab\t 
n9e mon?s = any returns1 ,i am sure !   
beg9n] w agree ) me 9 ?9k+ x is be/ to  
/>t "s 9 ! h\se or hotb$1 = !n !        
v>ieties :i* fl[] ! fir/ season c be    
sold 9 ,may or ,june1 & ^? :i* don't    
fl[] until ! second season w be l>ge1   
/rong plants 9 ,octob]1 :5 _m p set out 
h>dy plants4  ,! sa%es = hotb$s1 glaz$ &
 pa9t$ ready = use1 co/ only ?ree doll>s
 & fifty c5ts ea*1 & ! walls ( ! b$s c  
be made out ( any old bo>ds1 s !y d n   
add v mu* to ! exp5se ( />t+1 b if y d n
 c>e to und]take any?+ s pr(essional z  
?is at fir/1 x is q possible to manage )
 %all[ boxes1 if y h a s\? or s\!a/ w9d[
 9 a room :i* av]ages f sixty to        
sixty-five degrees4  ,! fir/            
consid]ation is gett+ good pott+ m\ld = 
! se$-b$s or boxes4 ,x mu/ be light &   
fibr\s1 a condition be/ arriv$ at by    

%av+ (f ! "u side ( grass sods1 & mix+ )
 ab\t twice ! am\nt ( ord9>y g>d5 soil &
 a little f9e s&4 ,b z y are n likely to
 h a /ore ( sods1 & ! froz5 condition ( 
! gr\nd w make x difficult to get !m1 y 
mu/ sub/itute well-rott$ c[ manure4 ,h  
ord9>y g>d5 soil c>ri$ into "s place w>m
 en\gh to dissipate all fro/1 !n mix    
?or\ghly ) ! pulv]is$ manure & s&4 ,pass
 ?r\gh a f9e sieve1 & x w be ready =    
use4  ,ev5 :5 ! hotb$ is us$1 x is bett]
 to h small boxes = ! diff]5t v>ieties (
 se$s1 & /& !m 9 ! hotb$1 in/ead ( s[+ !
 se$ directly 9 ! b$ itself1 = "s       
v>ieties take long] ?an o!rs to g]m9ate1
 & x is a difficult problem to v5tilate 
& wat] a b$ conta9+ a miscellane\s      
assortm5t1 b :5 ! se$s are 9 boxes1 !y c
 be remov$ f ! b$ dur+ ! w>m "p ( ! day1
 & ! difficulty is militat$4 ,boxes %\ld
 be ab\t two & a half in*es deep1 & h a 
few cracks or holes 9 ! bottom =        
dra9age4 ,cov] ! bottom ) a lay] ( coal 
a%es1 !n fill to )9 a qu>t] ( an in* ( !
 top ) ! pott+-m\ld4 ,smoo? x (f ev5ly1 

wat] & /& 9 a w>m place4  ,)9 a few days
 !re w be a crop ( we$ se$l+s4 ,demoli% 
!m1 rewat] & all[ a few days to elapse  
on ! *ance ( a second crop appe>+1 aft] 
:i* x w be safe to d ! plant+4 ,x is a  
good s*eme to use a fl\r or p[d]$-sug>  
%ak] = v small se$s1 in/ead ( try+ to s[
 !m by h&4 ,:5 se$s are l>ge en\gh to   
h&le individually1 l hollyhocks1 pu% !m 
into ! soil ) ! po9t ( a p5cil or a     
wood5-skew]1 half an in* ap>t 9 r[s "o  
in* ap>t4  ,aft] ! se$s h be5 plac$1    
scatt] m\ld ov] !m4 ,! am\nt has to be  
det]m9$ by ! size ( ! se$s4 ,! g5]al    
rule is1 twice _! own dep?2 b ) ! v     
m9ute v>ieties x is bett] to put no     
cov]+ at all4  ,no matt] :at ! dep? (   
cov]+1 ! soil mu/ be press$ firmly d[n )
 a smoo? piece ( bo>d1 cut to fit inside
 ! box4 ,a desk-blott] or roll] is v    
conv5i5t1 & does ! "w v ev5ly4 ,d n be  
afraid to press d[n firmly4 ,! se$s mu/ 
be closely imb$d$ 9 ! soil1 o!rwise !   
air w dry up ! fir/ frail spr\ts & kill 
!m4 ,aft] ! roll+ & press+1 spr9kle )   

wat]1 !n cov] ) a piece ( glass or pap]1
 & /& 9 ! hotb$ or w9d[4  ,cov]+ ! boxes
 ) glass or pap] is done to ret>d       
evaporation4 ,se$s mu/ nev] be all[$ to 
dry out dur+ ! "t ( g]m9ation2 wat]+ is 
s likely to di/urb ! soil ar\nd !m t x  
is to be avoid$ if possible1 b if x has 
to be done1 use a v f9e rose on !       
spr9kl]1 w>m wat] & be v c>eful4  ,aft] 
! se$l+s appe>1 remove ! cov]+1 & :5 !  
second leaves h develop$1 transplant    
into fre% boxes if y are dep5d+ on w9d[ 
culture4 ,if y h a hotb$1 !y c be set 9 
r[s f "o to two in*es ap>t1 accord+ to !
 size ( ! plants4  ,dur+ ! bright w>m   
days ! sa% ( ! hotb$ %\ld be rais$ or   
entirely remov$1 b be v wat*ful ( !     
wea!r4 ,spr+ is su* a trea*]\s "t ( ye> 
t ! w>m morn+s may develop into fro/y   
aft]noons4 ,always replace ! sa% ov] !  
hotb$ by ?ree o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 &   
cov] ) mats be=e dusk4 ,z soon z ! gr\nd
 is 9 condition = ! outside nurs]y b$s1 
dig & ?or\ghly cultivate1 = ! plants :i*
 are to be held ov] = fall sales mu/ be 

b$d$ out z soon z all fe> ( fro/ is pa/1
 & se$s s[n = ! next ye>'s /ock4  ,!    
se$-b$s 9 ! op5 gr\nd mu/ be well prep>$
 & made v f9e & fibr\s4 ,s[ ! se$s 9 r[s
 & transplant z ) ! h\se se$l+s4 ,b$s   
mu/ all be kept free f we$s & "u good   
cultivation dur+ ! gr[+ season4 ,:5     
sev]e wea!r comes 9 ! fall1 cov] lightly
 ) leaves or soil1 & ! plants w w9t]    
safely & be ready = spr+ sales ! foll[+ 
ye>4 ,! h\se-rais$ se$l+s :i* are to be 
sold = ?is ye>'s b$d+ c g into g>d5 b$s1
 b x is really bett] to put !m into     
small individual pots1 :i* %\ld be p>tly
 subm]g$ 9 soil or s&4 ,cu/om]s w       
usually pay a few c5ts extra =          
pot-plants4  ,!re is su* an endless     
v>iety ( p]5nial plants t x is          
impossible to gr[ !m all2 9 fact1 x w\ld
 be v fooli% to try to d s4 ,select !   
be/-kn[n & mo/ popul> k9ds1 & h "s (    
diff]5t sizes1 s t y c make up          
selections = b$s4 ,hollyhocks1          
foxgloves1 gold5 gl[1 monk's-hood all   
range f ?ree & a half to five feet 9    

height4 ,aft] !m come phlox1 l>kspur1   
false dragon's-head1 ,cant]bury bells & 
b]gamot4 ,a /ep l[] are ble$+-he>t1     
columb9e1 leop>d's-bane1 a/]s1          
sweet-williams & wallfl[]s4 ,/ill l[]   
are ,icel& poppies1 ,japanese primroses1
 wake-rob9 & pansies4  ,! fir/ ye> x    
w\ld add to y\r pr(it to gr[ a few ( !  
annual v>ieties 9 ! hotb$ collection3   
,hollyhocks1 sweet sultans1 sweet       
tobacco1 a/]s1 wallfl[]s1 mignonette &  
salvia4 ,among ! p]5nials :i* w fl[] !  
fir/ season if se$ is s[n 9 boxes or    
hotb$s1 are monk's-hood 7:i* is "o ( !  
mo/ *>m+ ( ! tall blue fl[]s & comes    
also 9 :ite1 & blue-:ite mix$72 l>kspur2
 ,*9ese bellfl[] 7l>ge bell-%ap$ fl[]s (
 /eel blue1 :ite & violet72 heliotrope &
 m>%mall[s 7p9k1 rose col\r1 :ite )     
crimson spots1 & gold5 yell[ ) m>oon    
c5tres7--^! are among/ ! mo/ valuable ( 
! fir/-ye> bloom]s1 = !y fl[] all ?r\gh 
! summ]4 ,?ree ( ! mo/ fragrant annuals 
are sweet tobacco1 sweet sultan &       
mignonette4  ,sweet-williams are su* old

 fav\rites1 & are s multicol\r$ t ,i h  
always be5 ?ankful t !y fl[]$ ! fir/    
season4 ,mead[-sweet--or goat's-be>d1 z 
x is (t5 call$--is :ite & fragrant4     
,blanket-fl[] gr[s ab\t two feet high1 &
 has mo/ gorge\s fl[]s1 d>k velvety br[n
 m>k$ ) blot*es ( crimson4 ,( c\rse1 all
 ! v>ieties sugge/$ = e>ly h\se-culture 
%\ld also be s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 ,june  
to produce a pl5tiful supply ( /rong    
plants = ! foll[+ ye>4  ,illu/ration3   
,,june ,,roses     ,,june ,,roses   ,!  
fir/ luxury we all[$ ourselves on ! f>m 
0 a collection ( roses4 ,we _h put aside
 a sum ( money = "s necess>y repairs1 & 
:5 !y 7 complet$ !re 7 six doll>s left1 
:i* we agre$ to sp5d on ! g>d54 ,"o     
doll> w5t = p]5nial se$s1 ano!r = wi/>ia
 root4 ,! rema9+ f\r 7 devot$ to roses4 
,we s5t = an adv]tis$ collection ( h>dy 
roses1 consi/+ ( six two-ye>-old plants 
= "o doll> & tw5ty c5ts1 two ,crimson   
,rambl]s at fifty c5ts ea* & two ,doro?y
 ,p]k9s at fifty c5ts apiece1 a         
collection = w9t] =c+1 :i* 7 only little

 se$l+s1 & co/ =ty c5ts4 ,la/ly1 a      
two-ye>-old moss rose 0 add$1 :i* also  
co/ =ty c5ts4 ,s9ce t "t1 sev]al        
two-ye>-olds ( specially desir$ v>ieties
 h be5 b\ght1 b ! pur*ases made ) t f\r 
doll>s really con/itut$ ! /ock f :i* we 
h populat$ our own & _m o!r g>d5s4  ,!  
fir/ ye> ! ,doro?y ,p]k9s cov]$ ab\t    
twelve squ>e feet ( sidewall1 & all b ! 
w9t] collection & "o ( ! o!rs fl[]$ !   
fir/ season4 ,"o hundr$ slips 7 tak51 & 
eighty-two liv$4 ,tw5ty 7 sold ! foll[+ 
season at t5 c5ts ea*4 ,! second ye> "o 
hundr$ 7 sold at five c5ts ea* to a     
local /ore1 & ?ree doz5 at t5 c5ts to   
odd cu/om]s4 ,! w9t] collection 0 n     
all[$ to fl[] until ! second w9t]2 !n !y
 7 put into ! violet-h\se1 :]e !y did q 
well1 b z we _h nei!r "t nor desire to  
und]take any m ho?\se "w1 we nev] made  
any attempt to increase ! /ock or make  
any sales4 ,h[ev]1 rose-gr[+ = ! w9t]   
m>ket is c>ri$ on q ext5sively 9 our    
vic9ity1 s ,i h _h ample pro( ( ! pr(it 
to be d]iv$ f ! "w :5 und]tak5 z a      

bus9ess4 ,b truly1 ,i ?9k gr[+ g>d5     
plants is almo/ z pr(itable1 & mo/      
c]ta9ly x is a mu* easi] & heal?i] bran*
 ( ! "w4 ,moreov]1 x does n require     
capital1 nor ! k requir$ = ho?\se       
culture4  ,! be/ soil = roses is t :i*  
is ri* 9 vegetable matt]1 su* z sod1    
roots & fall5 leaves :i* h be5 expos$ to
 ! action ( ! elem5ts long en\gh to     
dis9tegrate & melt into ! soil4 ,x is ! 
condition f\nd 9 ! gr\nd cov] ( woods & 
=e/s1 & x c be simulat$ at home by means
 ( a compo/ heap4 ,old sods1 leaves &   
all wa/e vegetable matt] are pil$ up )  
alt]nate lay]s ( g>d5 soil1 all[$ to    
rema9 = sev]al mon?s1 !n ?or\ghly =k$ & 
repil$4 ,:5 x is want$ = use1 pass ?r\gh
 a co>se sieve1 & mix ) "o-half its own 
bulk ( c[ manure4  ,if y\r g>d5 soil is 
n v good1 dig l>ge holes two feet squ>e 
& deep4 ,!n fill up ) ! home-made       
compo/1 or soil f ! woods1 & old c[     
manure4 ,:5 ! "y plants come f ! nurs]y1
 unpack & /& ! roots 9 wat]4 ,if ! gr\nd
 %\ld n be ready1 or any o!r cause      

compels delay 9 plant+1 add ri* soil to 
! wat] 9 :i* ! plants are /&+1 until x  
is ab\t ! consi/5cy ( mud1 & keep 9 t   
condition until ! plants c be set 9 _!  
p]man5t positions out ( doors4  ,make a 
hole 9 ! middle ( ! fill$-9 space l>ge  
en\gh to p]mit ( ! roots be+ spread out 
to _! full capacity4 ,nev] squeeze      
plants into a small hole1 :i*           
necessitates ! d\bl+ "u ( roots4 ,?is   
applies to all plants z well z roses4   
,aft] ! roots h be5 spread out ev5ly 9 !
 hole1 scatt] soil ov] !m to ! dep? (   
two in*es2 !n wat] copi\sly1 & aft] !   
wat] has be5 absorb$ by ! soil1 fill up 
) dry e>? & firm d[n ?or\ghly4  ,wat]+ 9
 ! middle ( ! fill+-9 op]ation wa%es !  
soil into all ! crevices ar\nd !        
rootlets1 & insures a supply ( moi/ure  
ar\nd ! plants4 ,putt+ 9 ! dry e>? above
 x prev5ts evaporation1 s t ! roots h   
valuable food :ile !y are recov]+ _!    
hold on ,"m ,e>?4  ,ano!r po9t to       
rememb] 9 sett+ out roots is t an ea/]n 
or nor!rn exposure is to be pref]r$ to a

 s\!rn exposure1 z ! morn+ sun is bett] 
= !m ?an ! /rong noon-day gl>e4 ,keep ! 
gr\nd z clean & well-cultivat$ z ar\nd  
t5d] annuals4  ,n[ we come to ! "q (    
food = ?is glutton\s beauty4 ,get a     
/rong b>rel & /& x on blocks to raise x 
to ab\t ! height ( a pail above ! gr\nd1
 !n tack ! m\? ( an ord9>y burlap bag   
securely ar\nd ! top ( ! b>rel1 s t !   
bottom ( ! bag falls to )9 "o in* ( !   
bottom ( ! b>rel4 ,ins]t a common tap j 
above ! l[e/ hoop1 !n empty two pailfuls
 ( fre% c[-dropp+s into ! bag1 & p\r    
wat] ov] x until ! b>rel is full4 ,let x
 /& two or ?ree days be=e us+4 ,dose3   
,?ree qu>ts ( ! liquid = ea* plant e two
 weeks1 f ! "t !y %[ life 9 ! spr+ until
 ,septemb]4  ,hybrid teas are ! v>iety  
be/ adapt$ to g>d5 culture4 ,!y embrace 
"s ( our mo/ beautiful roses1 are       
p]fectly h>dy & fl[] ?r\gh\t ! summ]4   
,to ?is class belong all ! ,kill>ney &  
,lyon family2 ,la ,france1 ,visc\ntess  
,folke/one1 ,mrs4 ,a>on ,w>d1 ,h>ry     
,kirk & ab\t "o hundr$ o!rs4 ,9 ord] to 

insure free fl[]+ none mu/ be all[$ to  
fade on ! bu%4 ,keep a close wat*1 & cut
 ! mom5t ! petals %[ any sign ( )]+4    
,all[ long /alks1 z x is ! mo/ natural  
way ( prun+ ^! plants & insures a supply
 la/+ until fro/4  ,crimson ,rambl]s ,i 
h disc>d$ entirely1 = _! blossom+ p]iod 
is %ort1 & _! foliage is n attractive4  
,doro?y ,p]k9s & ,hiawa?a bo? gr[       
rapidly & are bett] 9 e respect4  ,two  
ye>s ago1 ,i b\ght "o plant ( ! new     
,g]man climb]1 ,?\s& ,beauties1 :i* is  
rightly nam$1 = x is a mass ( blossom1 &
 x is l hav+ tw5ty plants 9 "o1 z x be>s
 fl[]s ( all %ades1 f :ite to deep      
crimson4 ,x 0 a con/ant wond] & delight 
! :ole ( la/ summ] & made q z mu* gr[? z
 any ( ! o!r climb]s1 s ,i really ?9k x 
is wor? a place 9 any collection4  ,9 ! 
fall1 all bu%es are giv5 a cons]vative  
prun+1 by :i* ,i mean t only "s ( ! old 
wood is remov$--n all--& t ! rampant "y 
gr[? is cut back to ab\t half its l5g?4 
,aft] ! gr\nd is froz51 a heavy cov]+ ( 
c[ manure is put ar\nd ! plants at a    

di/ance ( two or ?ree feet1 accord+ to !
 size ( ! bu%1 & at ,*ri/mas-"t1 be=e ! 
really sev]e wea!r comes1 fall5 leaves  
are spread ov] t1 & a few c$> bran*es1  
to prev5t _! be+ bl[n away4 ,9 ! spr+1 z
 soon z ! gr\nd c be work$1 ! manure &  
leaves are work$ into ! soil1 & any     
bran*es :i* h be5 w9t]-kill$ are cut (f4
  ,our collection has be5 enl>g$        
entirely ?r\gh cutt+s4 ,i cut (f ab\t   
six in*es f ! end ( bran*es1 close to a 
bud4 ,^! cutt+s are all[$ to /& 9 wat] =
 two or ?ree days1 !n plant$ 9 %all[    
boxes fill$ ) moi/1 ri* soil1 & kept 9 a
 light1 w>m cell>1 :]e ! temp]ature     
av]ages ab\t fifty degrees4 ,! foll[+   
ye> !y are plant$ out into nurs]y b$s   
until ,augu/1 :5 !y are set out 9 _!    
p]man5t homes4 ,la/ summ] ,i transplant$
 t5 /raight f ! cell> into a g>d5 b$1 & 
by ,july !y 7 two & a half feet high1 & 
bore f f\r to sev5 blossoms ea* f ,augu/
 to ,septemb] #ae?1 :5 we _h a h>d1     
fro/y night1 :i* *eck$ all developm5t4  
,if cutt+s are int5d$ = w9t] =c+1 proce$

 z be=e until ! second spr+1 !n         
transplant into pots1 :i* %\ld be plung$
 to ! rim 9 ! gr\nd4  ,ab\t once a week 
turn ! pots ar\nd1 to prev5t any roots  
:i* may =ce _! way ?r\gh ! bottom ( !   
pot f gett+ a hold on ! gr\nd4 ,at !    
same "t nip (f any fl[] buds :i* may    
appe>4 ,fe$ well1 to promote gr[?1 &    
ab\t ,july h ! b5*es 9 ! ho?\se fill$ up
 ) ri* soil1 to :i* has be5 add$ a      
goodly p]c5tage ( silv] s&4 ,remove !   
plants f ! pots1 & set out ab\t fifte5  
in*es ap>t4 ,( c\rse1 ! fire mu/ n be   
/>t$ 9 ! heat+ app>atus1 & all w9d[s &  
doors mu/ be kept op51 s t ! plants h   
pl5ty ( air1 & dur+ ! hot1 close days1  
!y %\ld be lightly spray$ ?ree or f\r   
times a day4 ,aft] ! fir/ ( ,septemb]   
!re is dang] ( fro/1 s x is be/ to close
 ! w9d[s at night1 b ! pr9cipal desire  
is to keep ! plants cool to p]mit _!    
gr[? until ! fires are light$ & =c+     
really beg9s1 :i* %\ld be ab\t ,octob]4 
,:5 ! fires are fir/ light$1 keep !     
temp]ature d[n to ab\t fifty-five       

degrees1 increase sl[ly to sixty-five1  
!n to sev5ty4  ,wat]+ is a great        
problem1 & no?+ b practice c really tea*
 y ! exact proportions4 ,! only g5]al   
in/ruction is3 ,! plant mu/ nev] be     
all[$ to dry out1 nor mu/ x ev] be too  
wet4 ,a spray = gre5 fly & o!r insects  
%\ld be us$ 9 ! ev5+1 once or twice a   
week1 f ! "t ! plants are tak5 f ! g>d5 
into ! h\se4     ,,lav5d] ,,& ,,h]bs    
,!re %\ld be an h]b b$ 9 e g>d51 = _!   
usefulness is manifold4 ,ye dames ( old5
 times knew & e/imat$ _! value1 b :5    
h\sewif]y 0 metamorphos$ into dome/ic   
sci5ce1 ! traditional law ( our gr&mo!rs
 sank into d]ision1 & _m factors ( homey
 com=t might =ev] h be5 buri$ 9 oblivion
 _h n "s wise p]son />t$ a craze = old  
furniture4 ,t ar\s$ a g5]al int]e/ 9 !  
old-"t h\sewif]y1 & result$ 9 a revival 
( half-=gott5 arts1 ! h>dy g>d5 & h]b b$
 be+ among !m4  ,i sp5t mo/ ( my        
s*oolday holidays at my gr&mo!r's place 
9 ,york%ire1 ,engl&1 :]e _m ( ! cu/oms (
 ,que5 ,anne's "t rema9 un*ang$4 ,s to  

me lav5d] & h]bs seem$ indisp5sable 9 a 
self-respect+ h\sehold1 & z soon z ,i   
own$ a g>d5 !y 7 in/all$4 ,p]haps y nev]
 exp]i5c$ ! delight ( sleep+ betwe5     
%eets r$ol5t ( sweet h]bs1 s don't "k   
:at y are miss+4 ,at gr&mo!r's1 %e]     
musl9 bags 7 fill$ ) lav5d]1 ?yme &     
rosem>y1 & kept 9 e cupbo>d1 bureau     
draw] & *e/4 ,l>ge j>s fill$ )          
rose-leaves & mignonette1 all ! h]bs &  
_m spices 7 /[$ 9 ! sitt+-rooms & halls1
 & ! lids 7 remov$ = ab\t half an h\r   
aft] sweep+ & du/+ 7 complet$1 s a fa9t1
 indescribable p]fume p]meat$ ! :ole    
h\se1 & 0 mo/ delightful4 ,punk /icks & 
pa/ils h su* a positive od\r t aft] a "t
 "o becomes v tir$ ( !m1 b h]bal od\rs1 
be+ delicate & indescribable1 m]ely     
sugge/ ! fre%ness ( mead[ l&s 9 ,june1 &
 invigorate ! s5ses in/ead ( we>y+4  ,! 
h]b !n is invaluable = all sorts (      
complexion & hair wa%es4 ,ev5 ,hel5 (   
,troy's beauty 0 attribut$ to _! use4 ,z
 dis9fectants--well1 ! plague 0 suppos$ 
to be bani%$ f ,a!ns by ! air be+       

purifi$ ) aromatic h]bs1 & dur+ ! great 
plague 9 ,engl& 9 ,elizabe?'s "t1 little
 balls ( p]fume pa/e encas$ 9 silv]1    
gold or ivory1 op5-work$ lockets or     
pomades 7 worn susp5d$ r\nd ! neck or   
c>ri$ 9 ! pockets1 & dur+ an outbreak ( 
smallpox1 gr&mamma br\ght =? sev]al su* 
inh]it$ treasures & fill$ !m ) a comp\nd
 made ( beeswax1 h]bs & spices1 & we all
 wore !m 9 ! old way4 ,:at influ5ce !y  
ex]cis$ ov] ! dread$ disease ,i d n     
pret5d to gauge1 b we all escap$4       
,sep>ate or m+l$ fate & sup]/ition has  
made me use su* comp\nds :5ev] travell+ 
or kn[+ly expos$ to infection4 ,ev5     
m$ical m5 don't d5y ! b5efit ( sweet    
od\rs1 or _! value z dis9fectants1 s :y 
%\ld n we enjoy ! und\bt$ pleasure :5 x 
only means a few packages ( se$s & a    
little tr\ble4  ,lav5d] is h>dy :5 x is 
once firmly e/abli%$1 b x is n ! easie/ 
p]5nial to />t 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,at fir/ ,i
 b\ght nurs]y /ock1 b out ( two doz5    
plants :i* ,i got f f\r diff]5t s\rces  
dur+ two ye>s1 only "o liv$1 & t 0      

always a semi-invalid1 s ,i resort$ to !
 sl[] me?od ( s[+ se$4 ,9 ,m>*1 a %all[ 
box 0 fill$ ) pott+ m\ld ?or\ghly soak$ 
) wat]1 !n cov]$ ) ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in*
 ( soil1 patt$ d[n firmly1 ! box cov]$ )
 glass1 & plac$ 9 a we/ w9d[4 ,z soon z 
se$l+s appe>$ ! glass 0 remov$1 b !y 7  
%ad$ f ! direct sun & slightly spr9kl$ e
 morn+4 ,:5 two in*es high !y 7         
transplant$ to a deep] box & set two    
in*es ap>t4 ,ab\t two mon?s lat] !y 7   
transplant$ to a p>tly-%ad$ se$-b$ 9 !  
g>d51 & ! la/ two leaves 7 nipp$ (f ea* 
plant to insure a bu%y gr[?4            
,cultivation 0 con/ant all ?r\gh ! summ]
 until ,augu/1 :5 !y 7 aga9             
transplant$--?is "t into a b$ :i* 0 to  
be _! p]man5t home--a bord] p>tly %ad$  
by %rubs4 ,x happ5$ to be a v dry summ]1
 s !y 7 spr9kl$ e ev5+4 ,:5 cool wea!r  
set 91 leaves 7 scatt]$ betwe5 ! plants1
 & ! quantity increas$ z ! wea!r became 
m sev]e4 ,9 ! spr+ ! mul* 0 remov$1 & a 
little bone meal rak$ into ! gr\nd ar\nd
 ! plants4 ,! gr\nd mu/ be cov]$ e w9t]1

 & x is well to h a dress+ ( well-rott$ 
c[ manure dug into ! b$ dur+ ! e>ly     
fall4  ,9 ,june or ,july we always h    
huge quantities ( fl[]s4 ,we h nev]     
m>ket$ any ( !m1 b !y h =m$ ! basis ( _m
 ,*ri/mas & bir?day pres5ts4 ,t5 p\nds (
 lav5d] fl[]s1 & "o p\nd ea* ( musk1    
?yme1 rosem>y & m9t leaves1 all dri$1 & 
mix$ ) "o ounce ( gr\nd cloves1 0       
gr&mamma's =mula = mo?-bags :i* pres]v$ 
our furs & wooll5s j z effectually z    
camphor balls or t> mixtures4  ,sage is 
ne$$ = pork1 duck & goose dress+s1 & is 
"o ( ! v be/ tonics = ! hair3 ! broad   
leaf v>iety is ! be/ to gr[4 ,x w save  
"t to buy ! plants2 !y only co/ t5 c5ts 
ea*1 are v easy to e/abli%1 & q h>dy4   
,?ree plants w be suffici5t = a home    
supply4 ,set out ?ree feet ap>t 9 a     
p>tly %ad$ situation4 ,!re are two      
v>ieties ( ?yme2 bo? %\ld f9d a place 9 
! g>d51 ! broad leaf ,engli% 9 ! h]b-b$ 
= flavor+ /ews & s\ps2 ! almond-sc5t$ 9 
! fl[] g>d51 = x is a pretty v>iegat$   
plant :i* rema9s gre5 all ?r\gh ! ye>1 &

 is us$ only = sa*ets & potp\rri4 ,bo?  
v>ieties are p]5nials1 b if s[n e>ly 9 !
 spr+ w mature ! fir/ season4 ,! se$    
%\ld be s[n 9 r[s n9e in*es ap>t1 on ri*
 soil :i* has be5 work$ into a f9e1     
loose condition1 ) a f9e g>d5 rake1 &   
lat] smoo!d (f ) a bo>d or ! back ( a   
spade4 ,m>k ! r[s by press+ ! edge ( a  
bo>d on to ! gr\nd4 ,don't make a furr[1
 z ! se$ is v small4 ,next1 spr9kle     
?or\ghly1 us+ a f9e rose on ! wat]-c4   
,keep ! c mov+ back & =? until ! gr\nd  
is ?or\ghly saturat$ to ! dep? ( an in*4
 ,wait = an h\r1 !n scatt] ! se$ ?9ly on
 ! m>k$ l9es1 & cov] ab\t ! sixte5? ( an
 in* ) dry1 f9e soil4 ,x is a good plan 
to fill ! fl\r-dr$g] ) soil1 & %ake x   
ov] ! r[s1 = !n y are sure ( its be+    
ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,aft] ! se$ is cov]$1  
put a bo>d ov] ! r[1 & press g5tly1 to  
insure ! se$s be+ firm$ into ! gr\nd4   
,?yme1 m>joram--9 fact1 all small       
se$s--d bett] if !y are p>tly %ad$4 ,i  
make long1 n>r[ frames ( slats1 & cov]  
!m ) unblea*$ musl91 !n drive a few     

/icks into ea* side ( ! r[1 & lay !     
frames ov] !m4 ,= safety aga9/          
w9d-/orms1 x is well to put a few nails 
?r\gh ! frames into ! /icks4 ,ab\t elev5
 o'clock x is advisable to spr9kle !    
musl9 ov] ! frames ) wat]1 z !          
evaporation prev5ts ! se$l+s becom+ too 
dry4 ,if "t won't p]mit mak+ ! frames1  
spread two or ?ree ?icknesses ov] ! r[s1
 us+ /ones to hold !m 9 place1 or mul* )
 lawn clipp+s4 ,i l ! =m] ! be/1 because
 !y are easy to remove1 & are n s untidy
 z a grass mul*1 :i* dries & bl[s ab\t4 
,:5 ! se$l+s are well e/abli%$--:i* is  
:5 !y h got _! second pair ( leaves &   
are an in* high--! mul* w h to be       
remov$1 b if ! frames are us$1 !y c     
rema9 = ano!r week4  ,rosem>y is ano!r  
p]5nial1 & ! plants c easily be got f   
any nurs]y1 b if y want to raise "s se$1
 proce$ exactly z = ?yme4 ,aft] y h "o  
well-gr[n plant1 x is bett] to propagate
 by cutt+ ?an to raise f se$4 ,!y       
require ri* soil1 & a sunny position1 & 
ne$ "s light protection dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! 

:ole plant is aromatic1 b ! fl[]s are ! 
/ronge/4 ,x is ! ess5tial oil :i* is    
di/ill$ f !m t is ! pr9cipal +r$i5t (   
eau de cologne4 ,a cupful ea* ( lav5d]1 
?yme1 rosem>y & m9t1 /eep$ 9 two qu>ts (
 hot wat] = two h\rs1 /ra9$ & add$ to a 
w>m ba?1 bani%es fatigue 9 a miracul\s  
way1 & 9 cases ( long convalesc5ce1 a   
cupful ( ! mixture 9 ! sponge ba? is mo/
 gratify+ & refre%+ to ! invalid4       
,summ] savory is an annual4 ,x mu/ be   
s[n 9 %all[ drills n9e in*es ap>t1 9    
e>ly summ]4 ,sweet m>joram is a p]5nial1
 & %\ld receive ! same culture z lav5d]4
 ,bo? are us$ = flav\r+1 /uff+s & s\ps4 
,bane1 saffron & wormwood belong to !   
p\ltry dep>tm5t pr9cipally4 ,! fir/ are 
annuals1 ! la/ p]5nial4 ,borage is an   
annual :i* gives j ! piquant fillip to  
salads & summ] dr9ks :i* epicures       
delight 91 & bees simply adore x4 ,plant
 9 dry1 s&y soil4 ,dill & t>ragon mu/ n 
be left out ( ! h]b collection1 = !y    
improve ! pickles1 & are necess>y = _m  
sauces4 ,!y are bo? annuals ( easy      

culture1 & w gr[ 9 any g>d54 ,s[ 9 r[s  
t5 in*es ap>t1 & ?9 :5 plants get second
 leaves4 ,to make t>ragon v9eg>1 ga!r a 
p9t ( ! "y sprigs1 wa%1 & p\r two qu>ts 
( malt v9eg> ov] !m4 ,let x /& two or   
?ree weeks1 /ra91 & if n q /rong en\gh1 
add fre% sprigs4 ,/ra9 aft] two weeks1 &
 bottle = use4  ,spe>m9t requires moi/  
soil4 ,we gr[ x 9 l>ge quantities1 z we 
h a good m>ket = x at five c5ts a bun*  
dur+ ! spr+ & summ]4 ,x is positively no
 tr\ble aft] x is introduc$ into        
cong5ial soil1 = x spreads rapidly1 &   
ne$s no cultivation beyond ! cutt+ :at  
is necess>y = m>ket4  ,don't make !     
mi/ake ( transplant+ ! common wild m9t1 
= usually ! flav\r is m l pepp]m9t ?an  
spe>m9t1 :i* is ! v>iety dem&$ = sauces4
 ,we b\ght ?ree plants orig9ally1 :i*   
co/ fifte5 c5ts ea*1 & n[ x cov]s ab\t  
fifty feet ( "o side ( ! back g>d51 :]e 
! gr\nd is moi/ & %ad$ by "s old qu9ce  
trees4     ,,gr[+ ,,wat]cress           
,wat]cress is 9 con/ant dem& ! ye> r\nd 
9 ! m>kets ( all l>ge cities1 s x is a  

salable crop :i* %\ld especially appeal 
to ! commut] class ( f>m]s1 z x mu/ be  
fre%ly ga!r$ to be at its be/1 &        
naturally _c be %ipp$ long di/ances to  
m>ket1 :i* is p]haps ! pr9cipal reason =
 its be+ su* a pr(itable crop4 ,9       
,france & ,engl&1 wat]cress f>ms are q  
num]\s1 especially 9 ! vic9ity ( ,p>is &
 ,london2 b 9 ?is c\ntry x is only j    
beg9n+ to be cultivat$ to any great     
ext5t1 ! pr9cipal m>ket supply be+      
furni%$ by ,italians :o take %ort       
j\rneys into ! c\ntry & ga!r x f ! ponds
 & /reams :]e x gr[s wild4 ,"u su*      
circum/ances x is n surpris+ t ! leaves 
( poison\s wat] plants are (t5 f\nd 9   
bun*es (f]$ = sale 9 ! public m>kets4   
,we h suppli$ our egg cu/om]s & "o hotel
 ) cress = f\r ye>s1 & nev] receiv$ less
 ?an five c5ts a bun*--usually t5       
c5ts--& f ,novemb] to ,m>* f twelve to  
fifte5 c5ts = a good-siz$ bun*4  ,l a   
good _m ( ! side l9es :i* h br\ght gri/ 
to our mill1 x develop$ f an app>5t     
accid5t4 ,!re 0 a l>ge wild b$ 9 ! /ream

 :i* ran ?r\gh ! l[] mead[s1 f :i* we   
ga!r$ cress dur+ ! spr+ & summ]4 ,*anc+ 
d[n a wagon-road "o day 9 ,janu>y1 we 7 
a/oni%$ to see lots ( fre% gre5 sprigs  
gr[+ "u ! meagre %elt] ( a l[ log bridge
 :i* cross$ ! brook4 ,we accept$ ! h9t1 
& det]m9$ to protect en\gh ( ! brook !  
foll[+ ye> to supply u ) fre% salad     
?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,"s "t 9 ,octob]1 bru% 0  
pil$ up = a di/ance ( ab\t six feet on  
ea* side ( ! /ream4 ,9 ,novemb]1 :5 !   
nights comm5c$ to be really cold1 we    
made "s frames out ( ?9 c$> poles1      
int]lac$ !m ) /rong c$> bran*es1 & !n   
plac$ !m ov] ! /ream1 ) ! ends re/+ on !
 bru%1 :i* elevat$ !m ab\t n9e in*es    
above ! cress4 ,?\gh primitive1 !       
arrangem5t prov$ beyond d\bt t =c+      
wat]cress 0 practicable4  ,dur+ t w9t]  
we (t5 put a little cress ar\nd ! p\ltry
 :i* 0 be+ %ipp$ to private cu/om]s1 & s
 _m reque/s came = a regul> supply t we 
conclud$ x w\ld pay to increase ! b$s4  
,b z ! /ream 0 "s di/ance f ! h\se1 &   
accessible to ! c[s :5 !y 7 9 ! l[]     

pa/ure1 we resolv$ to utilize ! escape f
 ! spr+-h\se1 :i* 0 nev] fail+4 ,x _h up
 to t "t be5 c>ri$ (f by a tile-dra9 "u 
! side lawn4 ,op]ations 7 comm5c$ by    
digg+ a dit* ?ree feet wide1 "o foot    
deep4 ,at fir/ x 0 only made fifty feet 
long2 subsequ5tly x 0 increas$ to "o    
hundr$ feet4 ,z ! gr\nd 0 heavy clay1 we
 c>t$ clean s& f a bank at ! o!r end ( !
 f>m1 & cov]$ ! bottom ( ! dit* to !    
dep? ( ?ree in*es to =m a se$-b$1 & also
 to militate ! usual creepy-crawly brook
 creatures4  ,at e five feet ( ! dit*1  
sluices 7 ins]t$--j box-l arrangem5ts1  
made out ( r\gh bo>ds1 "o ( :i* c\ld be 
rais$ & l[]$ at w1 s t ! am\nt ( wat] 9 
ea* five-foot section w\ld be "u        
control4 ,:5 ! dit* & sluices 7         
complet$1 a trap divid$ ?r\gh ! middle 0
 put 9 front ( ! escape f ! spr+-h\se to
 divide ! fl[ ( wat]1 & "o l5g? ( ! tile
 at ea* end ( ! trap c>ri$ x to !       
opposite sides ( ! dit* to insure ev5   
di/ribution4  ,x is a special /one      
build+1 twelve feet squ>e1 us$ = milk & 

butt]4 ,! floor is ab\t ?ree feet bel[ !
 gr\nd1 & a gutt]1 f\rte5 in*es wide &  
twelve in*es deep1 runs all r\nd ! f\r  
sides1 & is kept cont9ually full ( cold 
runn+ wat] f a spr+ situat$ ab\t ?ree   
feet to ! "r ( ! h\se4 ,! wat] is divid$
 by a /one z x ent]s ! h\se1 & goes to !
 "r or left 9 ! gutt] until x rea*es !  
escape at ! opposite side ( ! h\se4 ,!  
floor & gutt] are made ( /one1 s ! place
 is beautifully clean & v l an          
old-c\ntry dairy4  ,aft] ! b$s _h be5   
?or\ghly saturat$ ) wat]1 all b ! m]e/  
dribble 0 %ut (f4 ,roots f ! mead[ brook
 7 tak5 up1 wa%$ c>efully 9 fre% wat] to
 remove ! be=e-m5tion$ creepy creatures1
 & !n set out 9 ! s& at ! bottom ( !    
dit*4 ,field /ones 7 plac$ on ! roots ( 
ea* plant to prev5t _! be+ dislodg$ by !
 action ( ! wat] be=e !y _h _h "t to    
e/abli% an an*orage4 ,aft] two weeks !  
:ole supply ( wat] 0 all[$ to run into !
 dit*1 & x cov]$ ! bottom to a dep? (   
five in*es4  ,fully "o-half ! plants di$
 & _h to be replant$1 b ! foll[+ ye> !  

entire dit* 0 a solid mass ( cress4 ,!  
leaves 7 mu* l>g]1 & ! flav\r mu* bett]1
 ?an ! cress _h ev] be5 9 its wild /ate4
 ,( c\rse1 if ! be/ price 0 to be obta9$
 9 ! w9t]1 our desire 0 to =ce ! crop at
 t season4 ,we built sides fifte5 in*es 
deep to ! dit*1 us+ r\gh slabs1 :i* only
 co/ u fifty c5ts a load f ! sawmill 9 !
 woods4 ,!n we us$ ! ord9>y cold-frame  
sa% ov] ! top4  ,aft] ! b$s are once    
e/abli%$1 _! cultivation consi/s 9      
cutt+1 & no?+ else2 &1 z ! cutt+ is     
necess>y = ! m>ket supply1 x is really  
tru] to call x h>ve/+ ?an cultivat+2    
?\gh neglect+ to cut ! b$s regul>ly z   
soon z !y are f\r in*es high w ru9 a b$ 
v rapidly1 z ! plants gr[ ?ick-/emm$ &  
sprawly4  ,we f9d t old b$s z a rule are
 n z pr(itable z "y ones1 s we make a   
practice ( r5ew+ ?ree or f\r sections e 
ye>4 ,! me?od is to )hold wat] 9 ,july  
until ! plants die1 !n pull !m up1 aft] 
:i* ! bottom ( ! dit* is dug ov] to let 
9 ! air & sweet5 ! gr\nd4 ,aft] a lapse 
( two or ?ree days1 x is rak$ d[n level 

aga91 & a few loads ( fre% s& spread ov]
 ! bottom1 saturat$ ) wat] z be=e1 ?\gh1
 in/ead ( old roots1 we n[ use slips    
?ree in*es long1 tak5 f ! ends ( old    
bran*+ plants4 ,!y root v quickly1 &    
make bett] plants ?an ! old roots4      
,twice we h />t$ an entirely new /ock f 
! se$1 & ?9k ! result q wor?y ( ! extra 
tr\ble4 ,! se$ is v light & small1 s x  
is be/ to />t x 9 %all[ pans fill$ ) s&1
 :i* mu/1 ( c\rse1 be kept saturat$ )   
wat]1 b n subm]g$4  ,may or ,june is !  
be/ season = ?is plant+1 = !n plants are
 l>ge en\gh to transplant into b$s 9    
,july1 & w be well e/abli%$ be=e ! =c+  
season4  ,= a small home supply ?r\gh ! 
w9t]1 half-b>rels or wa%-tubs may be    
us$4 ,half fill !m ) s&y soil & /& 9 a  
light1 w>m cell>4 ,set slips f\r in*es  
ap>t 9 ,augu/1 & keep p]petually moi/4  
,if y h no means ( gett+ slips1 buy se$ 
f any good se$sman4 ,/>t 9 %all[ pans 9 
,june4  ,i saw an item 9 a pap]1 n long 
ago1 :i* e/imat$ t an acre ( wat]cress1 
at its pres5t m>ket prices1 w\ld br+ f  

f\r to five hundr$ doll>s a ye>4        
,wat]cress %\ld be c>efully prep>$ =    
m>ket4 ,ga!r & bun* at once1 to prev5t  
unnecess>y h&l+4 ,cut ! /alks ev5ly aft]
 ! bun*es are ti$ up1 & pack 9 light    
crates l9$ ) hay or moss4 ,place bun*es 
closely toge!r 9 r[s1 ) hay or moss     
betwe5 lay]s4 ,%ip on late tra9s if !y h
 to g by express1 to avoid exposure to !
 heat ( ! sun dur+ transit4 ,:5 small   
quantities are go+ to private cu/om]s1  
pack 9 /rawb]ry or grape boxes1 z !re is
 less likelihood ( ! cress heat+ &      
spoil+ :5 pack$ 9 ?is way4     ,,my     
,,exp]i5ce ,,) ,,bees   ,! old-fa%ion$  
hive 0 s inconv5i5t & wa/eful t _m p :o 
date _! k ( bee-keep+ f ! old home/ead w
 f9d x difficult to believe t apiculture
 has develop$ into a practical1         
money-mak+ indu/ry dur+ ! la/ tw5ty     
ye>s1 until n[ ! av]age am\nt ( honey   
put on ! m>ket ea* ye> is upw>d ( a     
hundr$ million p\nds1 repres5t+ a money 
value ( f eight to t5 million doll>s4   
,9 a fav\rable locality "o hive1 ) its  

av]age colony ( ?irty-five ?\s& work]s &
 a que51 w turn out f ?irty to =ty      
p\nds1 besides ! fifte5 or tw5ty        
necess>y to fe$ ! hive ?r\gh ! w9t]4  ,!
 vici\s temp] ( ! old-"t black bee has  
mu* to d ) ! neglect ( ?is pr(itable    
indu/ry4 ,! ,italian bees are1 h[ev]1 s 
mu* bett] z honey-ga!r]s t !y are almo/ 
univ]sally kept n[1 & are s g5tle 9     
disposition t ev5 a n]v\s p]son c easily
 le>n to manipulate !m )\t fe> ( /+s4   
,! pr9cipal honey-produc+ plants 9 our  
,ea/]n /ates are fruit bloom ( all k9ds1
 locu/1 :ite clov]1 crimson clov]1      
basswood1 sumac1 gold5rod1 buck:eat1    
sunfl[]s1 grapes & a/]s4 ,( ^!1 clov]1  
basswood & buck:eat provide ! bulk ( our
 honey crop 9 mo/ localities1 al?\gh    
l>ge yields are (t5 obta9$ f o!rs4      
,fruit bloom1 ?\gh yield+ mu* honey1    
comes s e>ly 9 ! season t x is mo/ly    
consum$ by ! bees 9 brood-re>+4 ,clov]  
comm5ces ! la/ ( ,may1 la/s sev]al      
weeks1 & yields a light-col\r$ honey (  
f9e flav\r4 ,basswood blooms ! fir/ "p (

 ,july1 la/s ab\t t5 days1 & produces a 
v :ite honey4 ,buck:eat blooms 9 ,augu/ 
& ! fir/ "p ( ,septemb]4 ,x gives a     
d>k-r$ honey ) a /rong flav\r4  ,my     
api>y />t$ ) ?ree hives1 b\ght = two    
doll>s at a f>m auction4 ,i knew no?+   
ab\t bees or hives at ! "t2 ! own] 0 n  
!re to be que/ion$1 s x 0 a truly risky 
proce$+1 n to be recomm5d$4 ,b if *ance 
makes x possible to pick up "o or two   
good hives ( ! box1 movable-frame /yle1 
& bees ( any sort = a few doll>s1 take  
!m & improve ! /ock by introduc+ good   
,italian que5s1 :i* c be b\ght = two    
doll>s & fifty c5ts ea* f any bee-supply
 h\se4 ,!y c be %ipp$ ?r\gh ! mail 9    
small cages4  ,:5 an ,italian que5 is   
introduc$ into a hive ( common bees 9   
,may or ,june !re w be no sign ( !      
orig9al occupants 9 ! fall4 ,= ! work+  
bees are su* indefatigable toil]s t dur+
 blossom-"t !y usually we> !mselves out 
9 ab\t six weeks1 & mo/ c]ta9ly nev]    
survive m ?an twelve4 ,! drones are     
driv5 f ! hive to die :5ev] any ( !     

diff]5t blossom crops :i* supply honey  
are on ! decl9e4 ,que5s live = ye>s1 b z
 p]petuators ( _! race are only to be   
reli$ ^u = ?ree ye>s4  ,if y\r imm$iate 
neighb\rhood _c furni% /ock to />t )1 ! 
be/ plan is to s5d = frames ( nuclei & a
 que54 ,"o frame w\ld co/ ?ree doll>s1 &
 h>dly conta9s suffici5t bees to build  
up a /rong colony1 !re=e x is bett] to  
s5d = ?ree frames1 :i* w make a spl5did 
/>t1 & only co/ an additional "o doll> &
 fifty c5ts4 ,if pur*as$ 9 ,june or     
,july !y w h multipli$ s consid]ably by 
! "t buck:eat is 9 blossom t y w be able
 to build up a second colony4 ,( c\rse1 
a hive fill$ ) a full complem5t ( bees c
 be b\ght1 b w\ld co/ at lea/ t5 doll>s4
 ,express *>ges w\ld be v exp5sive1 z   
bees come "u ! head ( live creatures1 & 
d\ble rates mu/ be paid4 ,! frames (    
nuclei are pack$ 9 light cases :i* co/  
less ?an half4  ,a hive mu/ be ready to 
receive ! little travell]s on _!        
arrival1 & "h aga9 x is advisable to    
consid] express *>ges4 ,"o hive ready = 

use w co/ two doll>s & sixty c5ts1 &    
almo/ z mu* expressage z five hives 89 !
 flat10 z deal]s call x1 & ! five hives 
c be _h = n9e doll>s & tw5ty-five c5ts4 
,nails ( ! correct size & full          
in/ructions are s5t ) ! hive1 s ev5 a   
fem99e amateur w f9d x q easy to put !m 
toge!r4 ,i use two-/ory1 dovetail$      
hives1 :i* consi/ ( a cov]1 bottom1     
brood-*amb] & two sup]s4 ,bees are be/  
kept 9 a quiet corn] ( ! g>d51 or "u !  
trees 9 ! or*>d1 :]e !y are protect$ f !
 noon-day sun & ea/ w9ds4 ,:5 we _h only
 two or ?ree hives !y /ood on a %elf 9  
an op5-front$ %elt]1 :i* 0 made f a l>ge
 pack+-case b\ght f ! g5]al /ore = tw5ty
 c5ts4 ,9 ! w9t] we pack$ /raw or leaves
 ar\nd ! hives1 & set up bo>ds 9 front1 
:i* lean$ aga9/ ! top ( ! case1 & slop$ 
out a few in*es at ! gr\nd4 ,?is 0 to   
keep out ! sn[ & ra9 & yet all[ pl5ty ( 
v5tilation4 ,n[ t hives are scatt]$     
?r\gh ! or*>d1 we simply slip ea* into a
 case a little l>g] ?an itself1 & set up
 a bo>d 9 front4 ,fur!r s\? no          

protection w be requir$1 b 9 ! ,nor? x  
w\ld be advisable to c>ry ! hives into a
 dry1 well-v5tilat$ cell> = ! w9t]4 ,!  
only drawback to ! latt] plan is t !    
bees may become re/less q e>ly 9 ! spr+1
 s ! condition ( hives %\ld be wat*$4   
,a small h&-mirror held at ! op5+ ( !   
hive1 & a light held 9 ! o!r h& s t x w 
%9e into ! hive1 w enable y to see :at  
is go+ on inside4 ,if ! bees appe>      
re/less1 x is a sure sign t !y ne$ m    
air4 ,op5+ ! cell> w9d[s aft] d>k on a  
mod]ate night w usually supply all !    
v5tilation t is necess>y1 until ! middle
 or end ( ,m>*1 :5 x is be/ to let !    
bees h a cleans+ flight if !y /ill appe>
 re/less4 ,x is n v mu* tr\ble1 :5 only 
a few hives are kept1 to c>ry !m out on 
a w>m day & place !m :]e !y /ood la/    
fall4 ,x %\ld be done e>ly 9 ! morn+ & z
 c>efully z possible1 s z n to di/urb ! 
inmates1 :o w gradually ar\se z ! sun   
ga9s /r5g?1 & take flight4 ,?is w       
relieve ! inte/9es ( ! wa/e matt] :i*   
has caus$ _! re/lessness4 ,aft] ! sun   

has gone d[n 9 ! ev5+1 c>ry ! hives back
 into ! cell>1 & ! bees w be quiet until
 spr+ is suffici5tly advanc$ to w>rant  
putt+ !m out = ! season1 :i* is usually 
:5 s(t maples & will[s comm5ce to furni%
 poll54  ,z soon z ! days are w>m 9 spr+
 we g ?r\gh ! hives & give !m a g5]al   
clean-up4 ,if a hive appe>s to be %ort (
 honey1 a comb f a hive t is well       
suppli$ is remov$ & giv5 to x1 & z "s   
bees are sure to h di$ dur+ ! w9t]1 "s  
colonies w be /rong] ?an o!rs1 s ?+s mu/
 be ev5$ up4 ,:5 a hive has m ?an five  
frames fill$ ) brood1 "o or two are tak5
 out & plac$ 9 hives hav+ less ?an five 
frames fill$ ) brood4 ,a great advantage
 ( ! mod]n frame-hive is ?is be+ able to
 take out & put 9 brood1 & lat] add     
sup]s & empty sections z ! orig9al ones 
are fill$ ) honey4  ,a bee's life is    
app>5tly a mo/ accurately pre>rang$     
exi/5ce1 fill$ ) allott$ duties1 :i* are
 intuitively und]/ood & un]r+ly p]=m$4  
,!re is only "o que5 all[$ 9 ea* colony1
 & %e lays all ! eggs1 ! work]s be+     

imp]fectly-develop$ females4 ,drones are
 ! mascul9e memb]s ( ! population1 lazy 
fell[s1 :om ! work]s h to fe$1 h5ce !   
reason = _! be+ expell$ f ! hive :5ev]  
food is sc>ce4  ,! que5 is truly a royal
 p]sonage1 :o only leaves ! hive to take
 :at is call$ ! nuptial flight1 :5 %e   
meets "s drone 9 midair1 & returns to   
become ! sole "m ( ! hive4 ,%e is always
 gu>d$ by a small ret9ue ( att5dants1 :o
 fe$ & c>e = h] z %e w&]s f cell to     
cell1 deposit+ an egg 9 ea* ) untir+    
zeal4 ,! egg develops into a t9y grub-l 
worm1 :i* is f$ = sev5 days by "y       
work]s2 !n ! cell is capp$ ov] by ano!r 
set ( work]s1 ! grub be+ left undi/urb$ 
= elev5 or twelve days1 by :i* "t x has 
develop$ into a full-fl$g$ bee1 :i*     
gnaws its way out ( ! cell1 & at once   
takes up ! duties ( life4 ,= six or sev5
 days its "t is devot$ to fe$+ !        
newly-hat*$ eggs1 !n1 = ab\t ! same l5g?
 ( "t1 build+ combs & clean+ ! hives1   
aft] :i* x is evid5tly consid]$ /rong   
en\gh to leave ! hive & comm5ce ! ardu\s

 task ( ga!r+ honey4 ,! que5 is exempt f
 all "w4  ,)9 a week or two aft] a virg9
 que5 has tak5 h] nuptial flight1 ! hive
 %\ld be op5$ & ! frames remov$1 "o by  
"o1 & exam9$ until ! que5 is f\nd4 ,%e c
 be di/+ui%$ f ! o!rs by ! l5g? ( h]    
body & ! way ! o!r bees clu/] ar\nd h]4 
,pick h] up v g5tly by ! back1 be+      
c>eful n to squeeze h] abdom51 & ) a    
pair ( %>p scissors clip bo? w+s on "o  
side ( h] body4 ,?is insures a %ort     
flight at sw>m+-"t4 ,:5 %e aga9 issues f
 ! hive1 usually ! excit$ condition ( ! 
bees w indicate :5 ?is is go+ to take   
place1 & z ! que5 _c fly ) h] cut w+s1 y
 w h little tr\ble1 = %e w be f\nd on ! 
gr\nd ne> ! hive1 ) a gr\p ( bees ar\nd 
h]1 & ! full sw>m n f> away4 ,approa* v 
quietly1 & place a small wire trap ov] !
 que54 ,! traps are sold by all !       
bee-supply firms1 & co/ tw5ty-five c5ts4
 ,place ! trap 9 ! op5+ ( ! hive y      
desire ! sw>m to occupy1 cauti\sly      
approa* ! full sw>m1 & ) a s(t broom    
sweep ! bees into ! hive if ! position  

!y occupy makes x possible2 if n1 use a 
box or pan1 & c>ry !m to ! hive & empty 
!m 9 front4 ,!y w soon comm5ce to occupy
 ! new home4 ,! slide ( ! que5 trap c be
 op5$1 & ! bees inside w settle d[n to  
bus9ess4  ,aft] ! fir/ sw>m1 e>ly 9 !   
season1 x is advisable to take e        
possible means to prev5t aft]-sw>ms4    
,want ( room is ! ma9 cause = old bees  
leav+ a hive1 s a great deal may be     
accompli%$ by c>eful manipulation ( !   
frames4 ,! l[] "p ( ! hive is devot$ to 
brood-re>+2 ! o!r "p is compos$ ( !     
frames :i* hold ! section-boxes4        
,section-boxes are ! small squ>e cases 9
 :i* comb-honey is m>ket$4  ,among !    
mod]n inv5tions 9 apiculture is ! comb  
f\ndation1 or />t]1 z x is sometimes    
call$4 ,9 ! old days bees _h to supply  
all ! wax to build ! combs4 ,n[ x is    
b\ght ) ! cells ready />t$1 & ! bees h  
only to draw !m out & f9i% (f ! "w1 :i* 
( c\rse saves ! little work]s mu* "t1 & 
enables !m to /ore m honey4 ,:at is t]m$
 m$ium f\ndation is us$ 9 !             

brood-frames1 & ?9 or extra ?9 9 !      
section-boxes4 ,bees w sometimes ignore 
extra space :5 add$ above ! frames :]e  
!y h be5 work+1 s x is advisable to     
raise ! top sup]1 & ins]t ano!r "o bel[ 
x4 ,?is supply+ empty sections mat]ially
 mitigates sw>m+1 b does n always prev5t
 x4 ,x is ! aft]-sw>ms t x is s         
important to *eck1 z !y are ( little    
use1 seldom be+ able to ga!r suffici5t  
/ores to keep !m ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,9       
,septemb] all hives %\ld be exam9$1 & if
 any h less ?an tw5ty-five p\nds (      
honey1 artificial fe$+ mu/ be resort$   
to4 ,make a syrup ( equal quantities (  
sug> & wat]2 heat sl[ly1 /irr+ all ! "t1
 be+ v c>eful n to let x scor*1 = burnt 
syrup means de/ruction to ! bees4 ,all[ 
x to cool1 & !n fill :at is kn[n z a    
,mill] fe$]1 :i* co/s ?irty-five c5ts1 &
 fits into any ( ! movable-frame hives4 
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,cell> ,,/ore ,,room  
,,/or+ ,,fruit ,,& ,,vegetables   ,at   
lea/ "o-half ( ! pr(it to be d]iv$ f    
liv+ 9 ! c\ntry mat]ialises 9 w9t] :5   

fruit & vegetables c be /ruck f ! family
 liv+ exp5ses1 s ! keep+ & /or+ ( ! g>d5
 & or*>d products are ( great importance
 to ! h\sewife :o wants to make ! home  
furni% curr5t exp5ses4 ,to keep well1   
?+s mu/ be ga!r$ at ! mom5t betwe5 full 
developm5t & complete rip5ess1 =1 if    
developm5t is n complete1 fruit &       
vegetables %r9k & )]2 if completely     
ripe1 !y decay rapidly4  ,! h\se cell>1 
attic1 or a root-cell> or pit 9 ! g>d5  
are all available on a c\ntry place1 &  
all suitable = diff]5t ?+s4 ,! cell> is 
be/ = /or+ fruits & vegetables4 ,long   
ago we _h racks made ( two-by-two       
scantl+--"s six feet long1 o!rs ?ree    
feet1 & bo? two feet wide--to put "u    
b>rels & boxes to lift !m f ! gr\nd &   
all[ a free curr5t ( air to circulate   
und]nea? !m z a protection aga9/ damp & 
mildew4 ,to economise space1 we _h      
boxes1 t5 feet long & t5 in*es deep1    
fix$ 9 ti]s ( ?ree1 ) "o foot ( space   
betwe54 ,! frames :i* support$ !m 7 also
 made ( two-by-two scantl+1 & rea*$ f ! 

raft]s ( ! ceil+ to ! gr\nd4  ,! keep+ (
 e>ly fruits1 l currants1 /rawb]ries1 & 
raspb]ries1 dep5ds pr9cipally ^u !      
cook's skill1 = !y h to be cann$ & made 
into pres]ves & jellies4 ,get into !    
habit ( do+ su* "w 9 small quantities--f
 a qu>t to six qu>ts1 or ev5 a p9t1 z ! 
day's ga!r+ may provide4 ,! habit (     
wait+ = ! height ( ! season1 :5 a big   
ga!r+ is possible1 is frequ5tly ! cause 
( home-cann$ goods spoil+1 because "s ( 
! fruit is almo/ sure to be ov]ripe1 & t
 means t f]m5tation or m\ld w set 91 9 a
 %ort "t1 & ru9 ! entire boil+4  ,aft]  
wip+ & labell+ ! j>s1 !y mu/ be kept 9 a
 cool1 d>k place4 ,we h a big cupbo>d at
 ! back ( ! outside section ( ! cell>1  
:]e all su* goods are kept4 ,beg9 )     
asp>agus1 :i* is be/ pack$ into j>s     
fill$ ) salt & wat]1 & cook$ 9 a /eam   
boil] = an h\r & a half4 ,peas are      
%ell$1 & ab\t two qu>ts ( ! hulls & a   
sprig ( m9t are boil$ 9 f\r qu>ts ( wat]
 = ?irty m9utes1 !n /ra9$1 ! wat] br\ght
 to ! boil+-po9t1 salt$ to ta/e1 & !    

peas boil$ sl[ly 9 x = ?irty m9utes4    
,fill ! j>s to ov]fl[+1 & screw d[n !   
tops at once4 ,beans mu/ be /rung &     
slic$ & boil$ 9 salt$ wat]1 z = table1  
or pack$ 9 two-in* lay]s1 ) a spr9kl+ ( 
salt betwe51 9 a /one crock4 ,put a     
plate or a /one on top ( ! beans to keep
 !m "u ! br9e1 & cov] closely4 ,:5 want$
 = use1 soak 9 fre% cold wat] ov]night &
 cook 9 ! usual way4  ,ga!r+ & pack+ is 
( ! greate/ importance 9 keep+ fruit4 ,!
 mo/ fav\rable "t is :5 ! fruit has     
atta9$ its full gr[? & col\r1 :i* is    
sev]al days be=e x is q ripe4 ,all fruit
 %\ld be h&l$ ) ! greate/ c>e2 !        
slighte/ bruise or scrat* />ts a        
condition :i* w develop rot4 ,a high    
ext5sion ladd]1 a high /ep-ladd]1 & an  
agile boy are ! requisites = pick+4 ,:5 
possible1 *oose a bright1 cool day1 h ! 
boxes & b>rels ready1 & press all help  
into s]vice4 ,be=e all[+ anyone to pick 
apples1 tea* him h[4 ,take ! apple      
lightly1 turn x sl[ly1 & press upw>d1 s 
t ! /em is sev]$ f ! bran*1 n f fruit4  

,:oev] does ! climb+ %\ld disc>d %oes1 =
 !y are apt to injure ! b>k ( ! tree1   
:i* always causes lat] tr\bles4 ,a %all[
 bag1 slung across ! body sl+-fa%ion1 is
 ! be/ receptacle = ! pick] to use1     
because x leaves bo? h&s free4 ,! "w is 
greatly facilitat$ if two p c pick1 two 
pack1 & a fif? take ! fruit f ! pick]s  
to ! pack]s4 ,h two bag-sl+s = ea* p]son
 pick+1 s t ! collector c take ! full "o
 & h& up an empty "o1 :i* saves empty+ !
 fruit into a basket4  ,! pack]s & !    
b>rels1 or boxes1 %\ld /& side by side1 
) a box ( conv5i5t height & size turn$  
upside d[n to act z a table on :i* to   
place ! sl+-bags :5 full4 ,! be/ apples 
are pack$ 9 small boxes1 ) pap] betwe5 !
 lay]s4 ,! second quality are put into  
b>rels4 ,put a lay] ( hay 9 ! bottom ( !
 b>rel1 fill x ) ! fruit1 & end ) a lay]
 ( hay4 ,! small ones may be us$ = cid] 
& = fe$+ /ock4  ,onions are ready to    
h>ve/ :5 ! tops fall d[n & dry4 ,*oose a
 dry day to dig !m up4 ,leave ! bulbs   
ly+ on ! gr\nd = sev]al days1 !n c>ry   

into a %$1 :]e !y c be spread out = two 
or ?ree days m1 :ile ! "w ( cutt+ (f !  
roots & tops is be+ complet$4 ,we h a   
room ov] ! wood%$ :i* we use = onions1 z
 !y are apt to spr\t 9 a cell> t is moi/
 en\gh to keep o!r root-crops 9 good    
condition4 ,we _h ti]s ( %elves1 made ( 
slats1 put up all r\nd ! walls1 on :i* !
 onions are spread out1 &1 z a          
precaution aga9/ fro/1 !y are cov]$ )   
bags or dry autumn leaves z sev]e wea!r 
approa*es4 ,bore holes ab\t n9e in*es   
ap>t 9 ! sides ( ! b>rels2 fill ) !     
onions1 leav+ ! head ( ! b>rel (f1 & /& 
9 any unus$ room4  ,potatoes %\ld be dug
 z soon z ! tops die d[n4 ,*oose a dry1 
bright day & c>t at once into a d>k     
place to dry4 ,don't leave !m 9 ! light 
on ! field1 b spread out = a few days1  
!n pack !m 9 ! cell> 9 b>rels :i* h a   
few holes bor$ 9 !m1 or 9 b9s :i* h a   
bottom made ( slats4  ,c>rots1 turnips &
 beets %\ld be pack$ 9 boxes or on ti]s 
( box %elves4 ,9 ei!r case1 !y %\ld be  
well cov]$ ) s& or soil to prev5t !     

roots %rivell+4 ,put a few bo>ds 9 a    
sunny place1 & /& ! squa% & pumpk9s on  
!m4 ,!y %\ld /ay !re ab\t a week or t5  
days1 & be cov]$ at night ) bags or an  
old blanket1 aft] :i* put !m 9 "s dry1  
cool place4  ,caulifl[]s are pull$ up ) 
z mu* soil z may be atta*$ to ! roots1 &
 hung head d[n f ceil+ ( ! cell>2       
,brussels spr\ts1 ! same4 ,cabbage is   
pull$ up 9 ! same way & pack$ 9 r[s (   
two or ?ree abrea/ on ! cell> floor4 ,^!
 are = use 9 v bad wea!r4 ,! ma9        
quantity is /ack$ 9 a pit 9 ! g>d5 &    
cov]$ ) e>?1 /raw & bru%4  ,cel]y is    
p>tly protect$ by be+ e>!d up = blea*+1 
s x c be left 9 ! g>d5 until ! fir/ (   
,octob]1 or ev5 ! fifte5? if mild1 b x  
mu/ be br\ght 9 be=e heavy fro/4 ,ab\t  
n9e in*es ( soil is spread on ! floor   
all along "o side ( ! cell>4 ,! cel]y is
 dug & br\ght 9 ) :at e>? adh]es to !   
roots1 & !n set 9 ! soil j z if ! plants
 7 expect$ to gr[1 only !y are put v    
close toge!r & ab\t ?ree abrea/4 ,:5 !  
r[ is complet$1 bo>ds are set ^u end1 ! 

full l5g? ( ! r[1 & ano!r set ( heads is
 pack$ 9 ! same way1 ea* additional r[  
be+ divid$ by bo>ds4 ,?is is done to    
prev5t ! cel]y heat+1 & rot sett+ 91 z  
w\ld be ! case if ! entire mass 0 all[$ 
to t\*4 ,aft] ! sett+-up is all done1   
e>? is scatt]$ heavily betwe5 ! heads4  
,!re is usually a l>ge quantity ( gre5  
tomatoes /ill on ! v9es 9 ! fall1 & !   
full-siz$ ones c be pack$ 9 %all[ boxes1
 ) pap] betwe5 ! lay]s1 & kept 9 a cool1
 d>k place4 ,lat] 9 ! season br+ out a  
few at a "t to rip5 9 ! w9d[ ( a w>m    
room4  ,grapes mu/ be c>efully cut1 !   
bun*es exam9$ & any faulty grapes remov$
 ) a pair ( scissors4 ,put slats across 
a box ab\t two in*es f ! top1 ty+ !     
bun*es ( grapes to ! slats & lett+ !m   
hang d[n into ! box1 leav+ a space      
betwe5 ! bun*es4 ,fill ! box up )       
f9ely-cut tissue-pap] & keep on ! %elf 9
 ! cell>4  ,! cell> = /or+ fruit mu/ be 
well v5tilat$ & free f damp1 ?\gh a     
cem5t cell> is apt to be too dry1 :i*   
causes ! fruit to %rivel4 ,9 su* a case1

 /& a tub or a c\ple ( pails ( wat] 9 ! 
cell>1 & d n fail to *ange x once or    
twice a mon?4 ,a dry cell> ) an e>!n    
floor is usually ab\t "r1 ?\gh1 if rapid
 ?aws occur dur+ ! e>ly spr+1 su* a     
floor is likely to become v damp2 z a   
rem$y1 put "o or two wide1 %all[ boxes1 
fill$ ) unslak$ lime1 into ! cell>1 :i* 
w absorb ! moi/ure4     ,,=c+ ,,rhub>b  
,,& ,,asp>agus   ,we _h little m ?an    
settl$ on ! f>m :5 ,i read an article 9 
"s f>m pap] ab\t =c+ rhub>b 9 a d>k     
cell>4 ,!re 0 a lot ( rhub>b 9 ! g>d51 &
 a lot ( room 9 ! cell>4 ,sev]al roots 7
 dug up & pack$ 9 "o corn] ( ! section  
we kept = vegetables1 b z ! article _h n
 m5tion$ t any heat 0 necess>y1 & t x 0 
necess>y to expel all light1 ! v5ture 0 
n a success1 = !re 0 a w9d[ 9 ! wall ne>
 ! *os5 corn]1 :i* all[$ ! light to %9e 
"r on ! roots1 & ! temp]ature 0 mu* too 
cold4 ,!re 7 doz5s ( sp9dly little      
/alks1 ) l>ge gre5 leaves at _! ends1 b 
no?+ wor?y ! "n ( pie-plant4  ,h[ev]1   
be=e ! foll[+ w9t] ,i _h secur$ te*nical

 k & vic>i\s exp]i5ce1 to />t on4 ,!    
w9d[ 0 bo>d$ up1 & two lant]ns 7 kept   
burn+ ne> ! roots4 ,we _h rhub>b *>lotte
 & rhub>b pies1 & /ew$ rhub>b =         
breakfa/1 j z (t5 z we lik$1 f ,decemb] 
until ,m>*1 & :at is m to ! purpose1 we 
sold eighty-two doll>s' wor?4  ,aft] we 
built ! mu%room-cell>1 a section 0      
p>tition$ (f = rhub>b & asp>agus1 & bo? 
became pr(itable adjuncts to our w9t]   
income4 ,"o great advantage ab\t bo? (  
^! crops = home use is t !re is no      
necessity to use manure or any great    
am\nt ( moi/ure1 & = t reason !re is no 
objectionable od\r to sift ?r\gh into ! 
liv+-rooms4  ,naturally1 :5 l>ge        
quantities are to be rais$ = m>ket1 x is
 bett] to h a special room = "w1 b ev5 t
 does n necessitate any s]i\s outlay4 ,a
 neighb\r built a h\se tw5ty-eight feet 
long on ! dug\t plan1 on a side-hill at 
! back ( 8 h\se2 j bo>d$ up ! front &   
ends ) r\gh slabs1 :i* co/ him two      
doll>s & fifty c5ts4 ,?ree rolls (      
t>-pap]1 at "o doll> & t5 c5ts ea*1 7   

us$ to exclude light & draft4 ,/ove-pipe
 co/ ano!r two doll>s4 ,he _h an old    
/ove1 b ev5 if he _h _h to buy "o1 x    
w\ld only h meant ano!r eight or t5     
doll>s1 & ! fir/ crop br\ght him 9 "o   
hundr$ & ?irty doll>s4  ,!re is (t5 "s  
old build+ ar\nd a f>m :i* c be utilis$ 
= ?is "w1 b if !re is no hillside or    
build+ available1 x is bett] to excavate
 to a dep? ( ?ree feet1 mak+ ! h\se ab\t
 n9e feet wide & z long z y l4 ,?is w   
all[ a two-foot pa? ?r\gh ! middle1 & a 
little m ?an ?ree feet on ea* side1 9   
:i* to /ore ! roots4 ,side-walls ne$ be 
only a foot above ! gr\nd1 b x is be/ to
 h a peak$ ro(1 ! c5tre ( :i* is ?ree & 
a half feet above gr\nd1 s t !re w be   
pl5ty ( headroom 9 ! c5tre ( ! h\se4    
,place a door at "o end1 ) an ext5sion  
%$ & /orm door beyond x1 unless ! h\se c
 be built adjo9+ "s %$ or outbuild+ into
 :i* ! door may op54 ,cov] ! ends & ro( 
) t>-pap]1 & bank ! sides up ) e>?4 ,!n 
9 ! c5tre ( ! h\se make a pit1 ab\t two 
feet bel[ ! floor & l>ge en\gh = a /ove 

to /& 91 & run ! pipe f a d\ble elb[ to 
ea* end ( ! h\se4  ,! reason = mak+ !   
pit = ! /ove to /& 9 is to get ! pipe z 
ne> ! gr\nd z possible4 ,x is possible  
to d )\t ! /ove if ! floor ( ! h\se is  
cov]$ ) manure & a goodly supply is     
pack$ ar\nd ! sides ( ! h\se1 b z t w\ld
 be m exp5sive & mu* m labori\s1 ,i     
advise y to adopt ! /ove plan1          
especially z x involves none ( ! h>r[+  
niceties usually atta*$ to runn+ ho?\se 
heat+ app>atus1 !re be+ no wat]-pipes to
 freeze or injury to crops if ! fire    
happ5s to run d[n or ev5 g out altoge!r4
 ,my neighb\r1 :o built ! h\se on ! side
 hill1 tells me t he _h no coal-/ove at 
fir/1 & us$ ! k]os5e cook+-/ove f 8     
summ] kit*54  ,hav+ decid$ :]e & :at    
quantity is to be rais$ next w9t]1 !    
prelim9>y "w mu/ be begun at once4 ,if y
 h a lot ( old roots 9 ! g>d51 dig up ! 
great] numb] j z soon z x is possible to
 put a spade 9 ! gr\nd1 & cut ! roots   
into good-siz$ *unks1 be+ c>eful to     
leave f two to f\r eyes 7embryo buds1   

:i* are unmi/akable7 9 ea* clump4  ,if y
 h a /rip ( gr\nd on :i* corn or        
potatoes 7 gr[n la/ ye>1 scatt] b>n-y>d 
manure ov] x4 ,if x is heavy loam1 pl\gh
 deeply1 b if light s&y soil1 ! furr[s  
ne$ n be m ?an six in*es deep1 & 9      
addition to ! b>n-y>d f]tilis] x w be   
well to use a heavy dress+ ( wood a%es4 
,we spread ! b>n-y>d manure ab\t ?ree   
in*es deep all ov] ! surface ( ! gr\nd  
be=e pl\gh+1 !n broadca/ a%es1 h>r[+ up 
& d[n1 leave = ab\t two weeks1 & !n h>r[
 f side to side4  ,:5 9 good condition1 
! gr\nd mu/ be m>k$ (f into r[s ab\t f\r
 feet ap>t4 ,run ! pl\gh twice 9 ! same 
furr[1 & ! tr5* w be deep en\gh to admit
 ( a little m manure be+ scatt]$1 !n    
cov]$ lightly ) soil be=e ! plants are  
put 94 ,set !m ?ree feet ap>t4          
,cultivate well ?r\gh ! summ] to keep   
clean & promote gr[?4  ,cut out any     
fl[]-/alks :i* may appe>1 = "o fl[]-/alk
 takes m /r5g? f ! root ?an tw5ty       
fruit-/alks1 s !y %\ld nev] be all[$ to 
mature1 ev5 9 ! ord9>y g>d5-b$s4  ,!    

clumps left undi/urb$ = ! summ] supply  
%\ld h a good dress+ ( manure work$ into
 ! gr\nd ar\nd !m n[ & aga9 aft] ! ga!r+
 season is ov]1 s t !y w be 9 good      
condition to g into ! cell> 9 ,decemb]4 
,:5 old clumps h be5 divid$ & set out 9 
,april1 !y w be l>ge & /rong en\gh to   
use = =c+ ! foll[+ ,decemb]1 b if "y    
nurs]y plants h to be b\ght1 x is bett] 
to def] =c+ until ! second w9t]4  ,ab\t 
,novemb] #ae? we dig up ! roots & leave 
!m to be froz52 !n ab\t ,decemb] #a/1 or
 ev5 a little e>li] if ! nights h be5   
fro/y1 "o-half ! roots are pil$ up 9 a  
%$1 & ! o!r half pack$ on ! e>? floor ( 
! =c+-h\se4 ,a little e>? is scatt]$    
betwe5 !m1 & !n !y are spr9kl$ ) wat] 9 
:i* nitrate ( soda has be5 dissolv$1 "o 
ounce ( ! latt] to "o gallon ( wat]4  ,!
 /ove is />t$1 a wa%-boil] ( wat] put   
on1 & !n ! "w simply consi/s ( %ak+ d[n 
! /ove1 putt+ on half a scuttle ( coal &
 fill+ up ! boil] night & morn+4  ,9 f  
?ree to f\r weeks ! fir/ ga!r+ is made4 
,/alks %\ld be f twelve to f\rte5 in*es 

high1 & f\r usually g to a bun*4 ,!     
roots w yield good crops = f ?ree to f\r
 weeks1 b ga!r+ %\ld cease :5 ! crop %[s
 any sign ( decl9+4  ,:5 y decide t !   
roots %all /op be>+1 let ! fire g out4  
,?ree or f\r days lat] ! roots c be     
remov$ & pil$ 9 a %$1 & ^? t h be5 held 
dormant br\ght 9 & spread on ! cell>    
floor4 ,proce$ z ) ! fir/ lot1 & at !   
end ( ! season simply let out ! fire    
aga9 & wait until ! wea!r w p]mit       
outside plant+4 ,!n divide ! roots into 
two or ?ree pieces1 accord+ to size1 &  
plant 9 r[s z be=e4 ,!y w be ready = =c+
 aga9 ! second w9t]1 s t1 once />t$1 !  
supply is always on ! increase4         
,asp>agus c also be =c$ 9 ! same mann] z
 rhub>b1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t asp>agus 
roots don't divide well1 s se$ has to be
 s[n ea* ye> to keep up a /ock = =c+4   
,plants _c be us$ until ! ?ird season1 &
 !y are n suppos$ to be wor? replant+ = 
=c+4  ,asp>agus c also be =c$ by plac+  
hotb$ frames & sa%es ov] ! plants1 &    
bank+ up all ar\nd ! frames ) /able     

manure1 to g5]ate heat4 ,?is me?od only 
slightly ha/5s ! crop4 ,!re is no?+ q z 
satisfactory or pr(itable z ! d>k h\se  
or cell>1 because gr[+ roots f se$ is   
comp>atively little tr\ble1 & ! supply  
once />t$1 x is an easy matt] to keep up
 a succession ( ?ree-ye>-old roots4 ,"t 
c be sav$ ! fir/ ye> by buy+ "o- or     
two-ye>-old plants f a nurs]y1 plant+ !m
 9 ! g>d51 & ! foll[+ ye> use = =c+4    
,,rais+ ,,pigs   ,a c\ntry home l>ge    
en\gh to ma9ta9 a c[ %\ld c]ta9ly keep a
 pig1 if ?+s are to be run on a         
pr(itable basis1 = ! skim-milk1         
butt]milk & wa/e vegetables _c be       
satisfactorily dispos$ (1 unless !re is 
a pig to consume !m4 ,build ! /y fir/4  
,ours is built on ! ,engli% plan1 a     
sleep+-comp>tm5t six feet squ>e1 five   
feet high 9 front1 ?ree feet at back4   
,out] comp>tm5t ( same size1 ) walls    
?ree feet high1 floor slant+ slightly to
 ! front4 ,!re is a tr\gh 9 ea* corn] ( 
! op5 comp>tm5t4 ,! floor ( !           
sleep+-room is six in*es high] ?an !    

out] comp>tm5t1 & ! :ole build+1 except 
! ro(1 is made ( concrete1 s c be easily
 & ?or\ghly cleans$4  ,if sev]al s[s are
 to be kept1 ea* mu/ h a /y1 & !re %\ld 
be "o or two l>ge ones = "y /ock4 ,!    
pigg]y %\ld be z f> f ! h\se &          
wat]-supply z possible4  ,if funds h to 
be v c>efully disp5s$1 />t ) a pair ( "y
 ones1 :i* usually c be b\ght 9 any f>m+
 di/rict 9 ! spr+ = ab\t six doll>s a   
pair :5 six weeks old4 ,!y w ne$ a      
little extra c>e at fir/1 a w>m b$ (    
common hay or dry leaves ov] /raw4 ,x is
 advisable to wat* !m at fe$+-"t to see 
t !y eat4 ,! fir/ week boil a qu>t (    
:eat-bran1 p\nd$ oatmeal 7hull$ oats v  
co>sely gr\nd71 co>se corn-meal & :ite  
middl+s1 & twelve qu>ts ( wat] = half an
 h\r4 ,let /& until cold1 !n add        
skim-milk suffici5t to make x l r ?ick  
gruel4 ,give f\r qu>ts ?ree times a day 
= two pigs4 ,gradually accu/om !m to    
vegetables4 ,outside leaves ( cabbage1  
lettuce & o!r gre5s1 potato-peel+s &    
peapods c all be utilis$4 ,boil until   

t5d]1 mix a little bran or r\nd oats )  
!m1 & fe$ once a day4 ,aft] a week or t5
 days gradually r$uce ! gruel &         
sub/itute regul> fe$1 be>+ 9 m9d always 
t frame mu/ be built be=e fatt5+ is     
attempt$4  ,if !re is pl5ty ( ca% 9 !   
ex*equ]1 "t c be sav$ by pur*as+ a      
mature s[ due to f>r[ 9 ,april4 ,:5 mak+
 y\r selection1 *oose a placid-look+    
animal ) a reputation = be+ a good "m4  
,a vici\s1 bad-temp]$ pig is a m5ace on 
a home f>m4 ,moreov]1 ! vici\s s[ is    
g5]ally a bad "m4 ,probably no animal is
 m easily affect$ by ! treatm5t x       
receives :5 "y ?an a pig4 ,treat$ k9dly1
 !y become tractable1 g5tle creatures2  
if abus$1 surly & dang]\s4 ,= ?is reason
 x is p]haps bett] = ! amateur to       
comm5ce ) a pair ( little ones1 or "o   
old s[4 ,suppose y h b\ght a s[ aft]    
bre$+2 y may expect little ones 9 sixte5
 weeks4 ,h] litt] may consi/ ( any numb]
 f six to f\rte54 ,let h] h pl5ty (     
ex]cise until a few days be=e %e is due1
 !n re/rict h] range to h] own /y4  ,=  

safety1 x is well to make a f5d]-l frame
 t w /& ab\t six in*es above ! floor & !
 same f ! side-walls4 ,!n if ,mrs4 ,"m  
is c>eless en\gh to roll ov]1 any baby t
 happ5s to be 9 dang] ( be+ cru%$ c     
escape "u ! f5d]4 ,we us$ "s old oak    
f5ce-rails1 cutt+ !m to fit snugly      
across f wall to wall1 & bor$ l>ge      
aug]-holes sev5 in*es f ea* end4 ,/rong 
bolts & nuts 7 put ?r\gh ! corn]s1 &    
blocks ( wood six in*es squ>e are plac$ 
= x to re/ on2 be+ bolt$ toge!r1 !y are 
easily tak5 ap>t & 9 & out ( ! p5s1 z !y
 are n want$ aft] ! little ones are a   
few days old4  ,h ! sleep+-comp>tm5t    
?or\ghly clean$ out & b$d$ ) /raw & !   
f5d] put 9 place f\r or five days be=e !
 litt] is expect$1 & don't di/urb x aft]
 t until !y are f\r or five days old4   
,put a small quantity ( clean /raw 9 !  
out] comp>tm5t dur+ ! la/ week4 ,ab\t a 
mon? be=e f>r[+-"t let bran & gr\nd oats
 pr$om9ate 9 ! s['s rations1 & add a    
little l9se$-meal4 ,%e %\ld be kept 9   
full vig\r1 b n all[$ to get fat1 = :i* 

reason corn is be/ elim9at$ f h] food4  
,aft] ! litt] has arriv$ give no?+      
heavi] ?an a little bran-gruel =        
tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,fe$ lightly = two or   
?ree days1 !n increase1 giv+ h] ab\t all
 %e wants2 at ! end ( t5 days comm5ce to
 add corn-meal 9 limit$ quantities &    
gre5 food ( "s sort1 unless ! wea!r is  
su* t ! family c g out to pa/ure4 ,!re  
%\ld be a little op5+ 9 ! out] comp>tm5t
 l>ge en\gh = ! y\ng/]s to creep ?r\gh1 
& outside a f5c$-9 y>d1 9 :i* !re is no 
tr\gh4 ,:5 ! babies are two weeks old   
give !m a little gra94 ,!y w soon le>n  
to help !mselves1 & s r$uce ! tr\ble at 
wean+-"t4 ,we take ! "m away :5 !y are  
six or sev5 weeks old & let h] run ) !  
h]d until aga9 ne> f>r[+-"t4 ,if a bo>  
is kept1 he %\ld h 8 own /y & a sep>ate 
y>d4 ,8 food %\ld be good1 b n too      
fatt5+4 ,! be/ age is betwe5 "o & five  
ye>s4  ,to keep pigs successfully on !  
home f>m1 y mu/ disabuse y\r m9d ( !    
idea t !y are naturally dirty creatures1
 = !y really are n4 ,giv5 clean qu>t]s1 

a /ream to ba! 91 & :olesome fe$1 !y are
 z self-respect+ z any animal on ! f>m4 
,if !re is no brook nor spr+-place ne> !
 pa/ure1 a l>ge pat* ( sod %\ld be      
remov$1 & ! holl[ fill$ ) wat]4 ,aft] a 
few weeks let x dry up1 & make a new    
ba?4  ,see t no horrible half-m\ldy     
swill-b>rels are kept ar\nd4 ,table     
scraps1 except+ meat1 vegetable peel+s1 
small potatoes1 apples1 9 fact all      
unm>ketable vegetables1 are boil$ 9 !   
food-cook] ) ab\t ! same am\nt ( salt t 
we %\ld use 9 cook+ = ! table4 ,:5      
ev]y?+ is s(t1 bran1 cru%$ oats1 %orts  
or middl+s are /irr$ 9 to make x into a 
?ick porridge1 ! :ole be+ closely cov]$ 
& all[$ to /& until cold4 ,sometimes    
corn/alks are *opp$ & boil$ 9 ! same    
way4 ,:5 a fe$-cook] is us$1 prep>+ !   
food is v little tr\ble1 & mo/ c]ta9ly x
 goes fur!r ?an uncook$4 ,ea* animal has
 a pailful night & morn+4 ,skim-milk &  
butt]milk1 :5 !re is any to sp>e1 & a   
=kful ( ensilage 9 ! w9t] :5 !re is no  
pa/ure4 ,wat] /&s be=e !m all ! "t 9 "o 

( ! cem5t tr\ghs1 into :i* twice a week 
a pailful ( coal-a%es is put to aid     
dige/ion1 & once a week an ounce (      
sulphur & *>coal is add$ to ! fe$4 ,:5  
pigs weigh ab\t "o hundr$ p\nds1 corn c 
comm5ce to take ! place ( _! gra91 = f  
!n on fatt5+ is ! "o end & aim (        
managem5t4 ,! fle%y1 small or m$ium pig1
 :i* weighs f two hundr$ & fifty to ?ree
 hundr$ p\nds br+s a bett] price 9 !    
,ea/]n m>kets n[adays ?an ! l>ge greasy 
pig1 s t returns are realis$ m quickly1 
& x pays to =ce !m ) ! be/ ( food4 ,if  
by any *ance a s[ %\ld f>r[ late 9      
,novemb]1 x is m pr(itable to m>ket !   
little ones z suck+ pigs ?an to try to  
keep !m ?r\gh ! cold ( ,janu>y &        
,febru>y4 ,ham & bacon is necess>ily a  
/aple 9 c\ntry h\seholds1 & a real      
luxury :5 home-cur$4 ,z soon z ! meat is
 cool1 x mu/ be cur$1 = %\ld x become   
froz51 x is impossible to turn x into   
good ham & bacon4 ,sug> & ,wilt%ire are 
! two pref]r$ me?ods4 ,!re is a small   
h&-ma*9e on ! m>ket1 specially made =   

inject+ ! liquid = ! ,wilt%ire me?od4 ,!
 positive price ,i don't "k1 b ,i       
believe x is ab\t t5 doll>s4 ,h[ev]1 ,i 
h us$ a :ite metal syr+e1 :i* holds     
?irty-six ounces & answ]$ v well = !    
small quantity und]tak54 ,! process giv5
 9 an old ,engli% receipt is z foll[s3  
,add to five gallons ( wat]1 twelve     
p\nds ( salt1 "o p\nd ( saltpetre1 "o   
ounce ( salt prunella1 two p\nds ( br[n 
sug>4 ,br+ sl[ly to ! boil+ po9t1 let   
simm] = fifte5 m9utes1 skim2 :5 cool x  
is ready to use 9 ! inject+ ma*9e or    
syr+e4 ,ins]t ! syr+e 9 ! fle%1 & inject
 ! pickle4 ,?is is to be done e few     
in*es ov] ! entire surface ( ! meat1 to 
insure ! full piece be+ p]meat$ ) !     
liquid4 ,lay ! meat on ! slab1 p[d] )   
saltpetre1 lay ! r9d side d[nw>ds & cov]
 ! cut side ) a ?ick coat+ ( salt4 ,! "w
 %\ld be done on a /one slab1 or h>dwood
 b5* ) rais$ edges4 ,let ! meat rema9   
fifte5 days1 & recov] ) fre% salt4 ,aft]
 sev5 days m1 wa% ! meat ) clean clo?s1 
& hang up to dry = sev]al days be=e     

smok+4 ,! dry sug>-cur$ me?od1 is1 ,i   
?9k1 to be pref]r$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 because
 x is m g5]ally lik$4 ,place ! hams &   
sides on a slab1 & proce$ z foll[s3 ,mix
 five p\nds ( salt ) ?ree p\nds ( br[n  
sug> & two ounces ( saltpetre4 ,?or\ghly
 rub all p>ts ( ! meat1 e ?ird day =    
?ree weeks1 aft] :i*1 wa% & wipe & dry =
 smok+4 ,( c\rse1 y "k t no?+ b h>d wood
 mu/ be us$ = ! fire4 ,gre5 hickory is !
 be/4 ,sausages %\ld be compos$ (       
"o-?ird bread--/ale bread grat$4 ,nev]  
use new or moi/5$ bread4 ,cas+s only co/
 five c5ts a p\nd1 s x is bett] to buy  
!m already prep>$4 ,a good mixture is   
five p>ts lean pork1 "o "p fat1 two p>ts
 veal or mutton4 ,pass ?r\gh ! *opp+    
ma*9e1 !n to e eight p\nds add "o       
teaspoonful ( dri$ & f9ely p[d]$ sage1  
?yme1 & m>joram1 two teaspoonfuls ea* ( 
mu/>d1 pepp] & salt4 ,add ! bread-crumbs
 la/1 ?or\ghly mix1 & fill ! cas+s4     
,make %ort1 fat l9ks4     ,,c>+ ,,=     
,,h\se ,,pets   ,9 all probability no   
creature on e>? suff]s s desp]ately f   

human ignorance z ! h\se pet4 ,p :o keep
 horses1 cattle or ev5 p\ltry consid] x 
necess>y to "k some?+ ab\t _! wants &   
requirem5ts1 b ! poor pet animal is !   
recipi5t ( mu* affection & _m cruelties1
 = x is cruel to ru9 ! heal? by         
injudici\s fe$+1 & vitality & happ9ess  
by want ( ex]cise4 ,a :olesome1 happy   
dog or cat is ! be/ playfell[ *ildr5 c  
h2 an ent]ta9+ companion = any memb] ( !
 human race1 b an ail+1 unheal?y animal 
is a positive m5ace to ! family4  ,! "y 
dog j tak5 f its "m requires special c>e
 & pati5t tra9+1 or x w n develop into  
an intellig5t companion4 ,ev5 an old]   
dog :o comes f k5nels ( repute w require
 c>eful guid+4 ,( c\rse1 ,i ref] to !   
g5]al h\se-dog2 hunt+-dogs are usually  
brok5 to _! special duties be=e be+     
sold4 ,b ! h\se or pet dog mu/ und]/& a 
multitude ( ?+s1 all ( :i* v>y accord+  
to ! idiosyncrasies ( ! family :o adopt 
x1 s x has to readju/ its habits to new 
own]s & environm5t4  ,h a k5nel ready   
be=e ! dog arrives4 ,a dry-goods case   

cov]$ ) ro(+-pap] w d if x has two heavy
 pieces ( scantl+ nail$ across ! bottom1
 to lift x ?ree or f\r in*es above !    
gr\nd1 s t ! air c circulate "u x &     
prev5t moi/ure f ! gr\nd mak+ ! floor   
damp4 ,place x 9 a %elt]$ position1 out 
( w9t] w9ds or ! gl>e ( a summ] sun4 ,a 
good /raw b$ e week 9 cold wea!r & a    
good scrubb+ 9 w>m wea!r are sanit>y    
precautions :i* %\ld be obs]v$4 ,h a    
/rong screw-eye at "o side ( ! k5nel & a
 *a9 ) a swivel snap at ea* end to      
prev5t ! *a9 gett+ twi/$ up to half its 
l5g?1 & = conv5i5ce :5 h&l+ a /range    
dog4  ,if ! dog has be5 crat$ &         
express$1 rememb] t 9 all probability ! 
poor bea/ w be fright5$1 tir$ & cross4  
,talk to x = a :ile1 & manage1 if       
possible1 to get a coll> on & a *a9     
atta*$ be=e op5+ ! crate4 ,!n let ,mr4  
,dog get out by himself1 at 8 own "t4   
,walk him ab\t = "s "t & let him inspect
 ! premises 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! h\se4  
,naturally cleanly dogs w ne$ ! ex]cise1
 s don't curtail x4 ,if !re are any     

signs ( con/ipation1 a di% ( s\r milk w 
usually correct ! tr\ble4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! 
j\rney has ! rev]se effect1 :i* is v    
likely to be ! case 9 summ]1 scald milk1
 p\r ov] "s /ale bread :i* has be5 toa/$
 & fe$ :5 q cool4  ,:5 ! dog has f9i%$ 8
 inspection ( ! premises1 fa/5 him to ! 
k5nel & be sure to provide a solid1     
heavy wat]-pan t _c easily be knock$    
ov]4 ,leave him to become accu/om$ to 8 
new home & to sleep (f ! n]v\s /ra9 ( ! 
j\rney4 ,%\ld he :9e or b>k1 don't g ne>
 him4 ,he is too excit$ & upset to be   
discipl9$1 & sympa?y & pett+ at ?is po9t
 w\ld mean a prolong$ fight lat]4  ,fe$ 
him y\rself & take him = a run on *a9 9 
! ev5+1 e>ly 9 ! morn+ & at noon4       
,decide :i* w be ! mo/ conv5i5t h\rs &  
try n to *ange !m4 ,two or ?ree days are
 usually suffici5t to make ! av]age dog 
accept a new ma/] & claim ! k5nel z 8   
ca/le1 s aft] t "t he c be all[$ fre$om4
  ,if ! dog is "y & is to sleep out (   
doors1 he %\ld be *a9$ at night1 o!rwise
 he w be apt to =m ! habit ( w&]+ (f 9 !

 e>ly morn+ h\rs or moonlight nights1 b 
no dog1 "y or old1 %\ld be kept         
p]petually *a9$4 ,"y dogs1 especially ( 
! t]ri] class1 are b5efit$ by be+ *a9$ 9
 a cool1 %ady spot dur+ ! middle ( !    
day1 z !y are apt to ru% ab\t & be      
ov]come by ! heat1 :i* (t5 causes fits &
 t]rifies ! family into believ+ t x is a
 case ( hydrophobia4  ,if ! new dog is  
"u n9e mon?s ( age1 fe$ him ?ree times a
 day4 ,bread & milk1 oatmeal1 hom9y1 or 
any su* food :i* has be5 well boil$1    
all[$ to cool & cov]$ ) milk1 makes a   
suitable breakfa/4 ,lun* may be half a  
puppy-cake or a slice ( br[n bread4 ,!  
ma9 meal %\ld consi/ ( boil$ meat1      
onions & rice1 mix$ ) "s cook$ gre5     
vegetable4  ,aft] ! n9? mon? two meals a
 day are suffici5t4 ,be z c>eful n to   
ov]fe$ z n to und]fe$4 ,a dog %\ld be   
ready = ea* meal1 b nev] rav5\sly       
hungry4 ,don't give milk :i* has n be5  
scald$ or potatoes 9 any =m1 if y wi% to
 keep ! puppy free f worms4 ,s\r milk   
once or twice a week is b5eficial1 b mu/

 n be giv5 (t5]4 ,twice a week a bone ) 
"s meat on x is ne$$4 ,"s p ?9k t raw   
meat is bad = dogs1 b a limit$ quantity 
( fre% lean meat is really necess>y =   
gr[+ dogs1 & be+ on ! bone necessitates 
a lot ( gnaw+1 :i* is good = ! tee? &   
enc\rages ! fl[ ( saliva :i* aids       
dige/ion4  ,if y %\ld h a "m-dog )      
puppies1 give h] a l>ge sleep+ place2   
dry & com=tably w>m 9 w9t]1 dry & cool 9
 summ]4 ,puppies %\ld be taught to dr9k 
z soon z possible aft] !y are six weeks 
old4 ,cond5s$ milk saves ! tr\ble (     
scald+ c['s milk4 ,:i*ev] is us$ %\ld be
 giv5 w>m2 nev] hot or cold4 ,! puppies 
w le>n to eat m quickly if ! "m is tak5 
away = ab\t an h\r be=e (f]+ food4      
,gradually increase ! l5g? ( h] abs5ce  
until %e sp5ds only ! nights ) h]       
babies1 & wean+ w be accompli%$ )\t any 
tr\ble4  ,to prev5t worms1 ! "o great   
tr\ble :i* attacks all dogs1 give ! "m a
 dose ( worm m$ic9e ?ree or f\r weeks   
be=e ! babies are expect$1 & give !     
babies v small doses :5 !y are ?ree     

weeks old1 six weeks old & n9e weeks    
old4 ,aft] t "t ,i dep5d on s\r milk1 & 
an occasional dose ( ca/or-oil4         
,h\se-break+ %\ld be att5d$ to z soon z 
! puppies comm5ce to run ab\t4 ,nev]    
leave a puppy alone 9 a room1 = "o      
mi/ake prompts o!rs4 ,be wat*ful1 & !   
mom5t a puppy beg9s to fidget or to run 
ab\t1 put x outside or 9 a box conta9+  
sawdu/4 ,pati5ce & p]sev]ance are       
necess>y at fir/1 b 9 two or ?ree weeks 
! lesson w be p]fectly le>n$1 especially
 if ! h\rs ( tak+ ! dogs out are /rictly
 adh]$ to4  ,old dogs1 ^: education 9   
?is respect has be5 neglect$1 c be      
taught tidy habits if f$ at regul> h\rs1
 ! la/ meal n lat] ?an ?ree o'clock 9 ! 
aft]noon1 ! ev5+ ex]cise be+ po/pon$    
till ab\t eight1 aft] :i* !y %\ld be    
fa/5$ to ! box or basket :i* acts z _!  
b$ by a *a9 n m ?an two feet long4      
,release e>ly 9 ! morn+ & take out at   
once4 ,!y w soon und]/& ! discipl9e (   
en=c$ h\rs1 = ! close proximity ( _! b$ 
calls natural in/9ct to _! assi/ance4 ,!

 habit once =m$1 x w prevail :5 all[$ to
 sleep 9 any "p ( ! h\se4  ,ba?+ dogs ( 
any k9d or size ,i don't believe 9 v    
mu*1 = x robs ! sk9 ( ! natural oil :i* 
is requir$ to fe$ ! hair & keep x 9     
condition4 ,bru%+1 h[ev]1 is q necess>y1
 especially 9 ! summ]1 :5 fleas may be  
ab\t1 & x is well to beg9 e>ly 9 !      
season to rub "s good insect-p[d] into !
 hair1 !n aft] ab\t half an h\r bru% x  
out ?or\ghly4  ,delicate small dogs )   
long hair c h a mixture ( cocoanut &    
sweet almond-oil rubb$ into ! hair once 
a week & bru%$ out aga94  ,if any       
accid5t makes wa%+ unavoidable1 /& ! dog
 9 a small tub half fill$ ) w>m wat]1   
rub :ite soap on a fle%-bru%1 & bru% f !
 c5t] ( ! back ) /raight /rokes to ! end
 ( ! hair on ea* side4 ,take ! front    
paws 9 y\r left h&1 lett+ ! dog /& on 8 
h9d legs1 & bru% f ! neck d[n to clean !
 "u "p ( ! body4 ,! head %\ld come la/4 
,wa% ! e>s fir/1 be+ c>eful n to let    
wat] run into !m4 ,hold ! nose up & wa% 
! top ( ! head & sides ( ! face1 s t !  

wat] runs backw>d & n into ! eyes4 ,la/ 
( all wa% ! muzzle1 be+ v c>eful ab\t   
soap4 ,r9se 9 two cle> wat]s1 !n wrap ! 
body 9 a w>m t[el :ile y wipe ! face & !
 inside ( ! e>s4  ,:5 ab\t half dry let 
him d[n = a %ake1 b be c>eful he does n 
escape "u a piece ( furniture & roll1 z 
he w probably try to d4 ,bru% until q   
dry1 rubb+ a little oil onto ! bri/les1 
at ! end ( ! dress+4  ,treat y\r dog at 
all ages ) k9dly consid]ation4 ,be      
pati5tly & consid]ately firm1 rememb]+ t
 y mu/ rule ?r\gh affection & respect4  
,don't hector or worry all ! "t4 ,be y\r
 dog's playfell[ z well z ma/]1 & he w  
soon become an intellig5t & fai?ful     
protector4  ,cats c be kept 9 a city    
home ) less tr\ble ?an dogs1 because !y 
hav5't got to be tak5 out to ex]cise1 a 
duty :i* c't be %irk$ ) ,mr4 ,dog4 ,cats
 are ne$$ 9 suburban or c\ntry h\ses at 
lea/ z mu* z dogs4 ,! ma/] ( ! h\se c   
usually gu>d aga9/ ! r>ely met burgl>1 b
 no human vigilance is adroit en\gh to  
fight f\r-legg$ pantry ?ieves1 & a f>m  

mu/ h a good-siz$ tribe ( fel9es to     
prev5t loss 9 ! b>n1 p\ltry h\se &      
corn-crib4  ,well-br$ cats are j z good 
hunt]s z common ones1 s x is wise = !   
self-support+ home to keep ari/ocratic  
cats = ! h\se1 z !re is no occasion to d
 viol5ce to y\r feel+s :5 kitt5s arrive1
 because !y c always be sold at fairly  
good prices4  ,9 ! outbuild+ we keep    
,maltese & v l>ge blacks4 ,we h s _m    
reque/s = ! ,maltese & blacks t ev5 !   
plebeian mo!rs are all[$ to keep "o or  
two kits ( e litt]1 = hav+ *ildr5 to    
provide = is a great spur to ,mrs4      
,cat's hunt+ proclivities4  ,consid]+ ! 
s]vice cats p]=m = humanity by keep+ 9  
*eck ! num]\s v>ieties ( rod5ts :i*     
ab\nd 9 cities no less ?an 9 c\ntry     
places1 !y %\ld be ! mo/ highly priz$ & 
c>$-= small animals we h in/ead ( ! mo/ 
abus$4  ,!re seems to be a prevail+ b   
errone\s idea t cats are nei!r          
affectionate nor companionable4 ,treat a
 cat z y w\ld an intellig5t dog & %e w  
comp>e s favorably t ,mr4 ,dog w h to be

 extremely gift$ to reta9 8 sup]iority4 
,! outside cats %\ld h pl5ty ( fre% milk
 night & morn+ :5 ! c[s are milk$1 n    
only z food1 b to c\nt]act ! injuri\s   
effect ( ! numb] ( mice !y eat4 ,new    
milk is ri* 9 cream fats1 & acts z an   
antidote to ! poison conta9$ 9 ! gall ( 
! mice4 ,twice a week we give !m a fe$ (
 raw meat1 on ! bone if we c get en\gh  
bones1 = ev5 ! rat-cat*]s mu/ be well   
f$1 or !y lack ! vitality to hunt4      
,hav+ pl5ty ( ex]cise1 & be+ able to f9d
 grass & h]bs = !mselves1 b>n-cats are  
usually normal1 heal?y creatures1 & ne$ 
little diet+ or doctor+ f _! own]s1 b !y
 %\ld always h a good1 w>m place to     
sleep 94  ,! city h\se-cat leads su* a  
semi-artificial life t %e ne$s m c>e4   
,milk :i* has /ood sev]al h\rs & be5    
skimm$ is n an especially good food4 ,x 
%\ld be scald$ & all[$ to cool be=e x is
 giv5 to kitt5s4  ,p r>ely ?9k to       
provide wat] = cats1 yet !y really pref]
 x to milk1 & dr9k a surpris+ quantity  
:5 a di% ( x is kept 9 "o regul> place4 

,potatoes %\ld be z rigidly taboo$ 9 !  
kitt5s' diet z 9 ! puppies'4 ,accu/om a 
cat to eat c]eal or bread & milk 9 !    
morn+4  ,our h\se-cats always h a little
 /rip ( fat bacon :5 x has be5 cut =    
breakfa/1 & ,i am sure t ! fat & salt   
are useful worm prev5tives4 ,at noon !y 
h liv] or beef :i* has be5 /ew$ ) onions
 & any gre5 vegetable :i* we may h2 =   
supp] a sauc] ( milk4  ,x is v easy to  
tea* a kitt5 to be cleanly if y ex]cise 
vigilance at fir/ & provide a %all[ box 
or pan half fill$ ) a%es or sawdu/4 ,"o 
?+ :i* mu/ be und]/ood by ! city        
h\sekeep] ^: pet has to dep5d entirely  
^u ! box is t x mu/ be empti$ regul>ly1 
at lea/ once a day1 &1 if necess>y1     
twice4 ,neglect x & ! animal's in/9ct ( 
cleanl9ess is (f5d$1 & x w select "s    
place = itself1 !reby fall+ into untidy 
habits4     ,,rais+ ,,can>ies ,,=       
,,m>ket   ,can>ies are de>1 fasc9at+    
little creatures to keep1 & no special  
conditions = rais+ :i* _c be            
successfully accompli%$ 9 a limit$      

space4 ,! mo/ fa/idi\s woman _c object  
to c>+ = a few families4 ,"o male & two 
females w />t a pr(itable flock4 ,! male
 bird %\ld be select$ = 8 voice1        
reg>dless ( 8 color or %ape4 ,! two o!r 
birds1 on ! contr>y1 %\ld be select$ =  
^? v qualifications4 ,! male %\ld be    
d>k] & deep] 9 col\r ?an ! female4 ,9   
fact1 male birds1 ) gre5 on _! w+s &    
heads1 mat$ ) pale females1 produce !   
be/-col\r$ "y ones4 ,nev] all[ two      
top-knot birds to pair1 =1 oddly en\gh1 
! prog5y w usually h bald or de=m$      
heads4 ,a bre$+ cage ) sep>ate          
comp>tm5ts co/s at lea/ #d1 b a v good  
"o c be made at home out ( empty dry    
goods or groc]y boxes4 ,( c\rse1 x mu/  
be a well-made1 smoo? "o1 o!rwise x     
might hurt ! birds4 ,pa9t+ is n         
advisable1 b x is well to rub (f any    
r\gh surfaces ) co>se s&pap]4 ,remove ! 
lid & "o side ( ! box4 ,leave ! bottom1 
"o side & ends intact4 ,turn ! box s t !
 rema9+ side becomes ! bottom ( ! cage4 
,next get a piece ( %eet z9c1 nick !    

corn]s1 & turn !m up all ar\nd1 to =m a 
tray an in* deep4 ,?is is to fit inside 
! cage4 ,squ>e-me%$1 galvanis$ clo? is !
 be/ = ! front & top4 ,fa/5 x to ! back1
 ends & front ) matt+ tacks1 leav+ a    
space at ! bottom 9 front = ! tray to   
slip 9 "u4 ,put a p>tition ?r\gh !      
middle ( ! cage1 ) a small door 9 x4 ,a 
door is also necess>y 9 ea* comp>tm5t4  
,! ord9>y se$ & wat] di%es c't be       
improv$ on by home contrivances1 s add  
!m to ! pur*as$ li/4  ,two half cocoanut
 %ells1 or small boxes1 mu/ be hung up  
on ! end or back ( ea* comp>tm5t z      
f\ndations = ! ne/4 ,cov] ! bottom ( !  
tray ) a ?ick lay] ( bird-gravel1 & hang
 up mat]ials = ne/-build+ 9 ea*         
comp>tm5t4 ,dri$ moss1 bits ( raw       
cotton1 or %ort f9e hay1 are all        
suitable4 ,! mat]ial = a cage ?ree feet 
long1 eighte5 in*es high & deep1 w only 
co/ a doll>1 s ! homemade cage1 9       
addition to be+ an economy1 has !       
advantage ( size1 :i* means a great deal
 9 a bre$+ cage1 z x all[s ! birds s mu*

 m ex]cise4  ,put a female 9 ea*        
comp>tm5t1 s t !y may become accu/om$ to
 ea* o!r4 ,9 ab\t a week1 ! door 9 !    
p>tition c be op5$1 & bo? birds all[$ ! 
fre$om ( bo? comp>tm5ts4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 !
 male bird mu/ be kept 9 8 own cage1 & 9
 ano!r room4 ,dur+ ^! prelim9>y /ages1  
:i* %\ld run f ?ree to f\r weeks1 ! ?ree
 birds mu/ h1 9 addition to _! regul>   
food1 a small di% ( ma% e morn+1 made ( 
h>d-boil$ egg *opp$ v f9e1 /ale         
bread-crumbs1 & hull$ oats gr\nd 7n     
oatmeal or roll$ oats71 equal p>ts (    
ea*1 j moi/5$ ) scald$ milk1 &1 ( c\rse1
 all[$ to cool be=e be+ f$ to ! birds4  
,aft] ! two females are on fri5dly t]ms1
 br+ ! male bird's cage into ! room1 &  
hang x be=e ! bre$+-cage1 & out ( sight1
 if possible4 ,curiosity w be ar\s$1 & !
 birds w sp5d mo/ ( _! "t talk+ to ea*  
o!r1 & endeav\r+ to see ea* o!r4 ,a week
 lat]1 close ! door 9 ! p>tition1 leav+ 
a female 9 ea* comp>tm5t4 ,put ! two    
cages on a level2 two or ?ree days lat]1
 op5 ! door ( "o comp>tm5t1 & ! door ( !

 male bird's cage1 plac+ !m close       
toge!r4 ,he w soon comm5ce go+ 9 & out (
 ! bre$+-cage1 & 9 a day or s 8 cage may
 be remov$4 ,aft] ! h5-bird comm5ces to 
sit1 op5 ! door 9 ! p>tition1 & let !   
male into ! second comp>tm5t4 ,:5 !     
second h5 comm5ces to sit1 ! door 9 !   
comp>tm5t c be left p]man5tly op51 z !re
 is little fe> ( ! birds' fight+1 & !   
male w divide 8 att5tion betwe5 ! two   
families1 help+ to fe$ & c>e = ! ne/l+s4
  ,special c>e is necess>y dur+ !       
incubat+ p]iod1 = ! eggs ( ^! little    
song/]s are exce$+ly fragile1 & a l\d   
noise to :i* !y are unaccu/om$1 ev5 !   
slamm+ ( a door1 w sometimes addle !m4  
,too bright a light is also annoy+1 s a 
piece ( gre5 baize p9n$ ar\nd ! corn] ( 
! cage w give a s5se ( seclusion :i* w  
keep ! bird tranquil & happy4 ,all[ no?+
 to worry or tr\ble !m :ile sitt+4      
,f\rte5 days aft] ! fir/ egg is laid1 ! 
"y appe>4 ,! t9y creatures are a great  
disappo9tm5t to ^? :o see !m = ! fir/   
"t4 ,*icks & duckl+s are lovely f ! "t  

!y fir/ em]ge f ! %ell2 b a "y can>y is 
fea!rless1 bl9d1 & has ! longe/ neck    
imag9able4 ,9 a %ort "t1 h[ev]1 x       
becomes a gold5 ball ( d[n1 & its e>ly  
unattractiv5ess is =gott5 9 admiration4 
,cont9ue ! ma% food1 b aft] ! little    
ones are hat*$1 fe$ night & morn+4 ,add 
rape se$ :i* has be5 boil$ a few m9utes1
 & !n r9s$ ?r\gh cold wat]4 ,! ne/l+s'  
eyes op5 ab\t ! six? day4 ,aft] !       
?irte5? day !y w beg9 fe$+ !mselves 9 ! 
mo/ indep5d5t mann]4 ,:5 ! brood is a   
mon? old1 remove !m to ano!r cage4 ,!y w
 !n beg9 to lose _! fir/ crop ( fea!rs1 
& mu/ be c>efully protect$ f draughts1  
le/ !y take cold4 ,at ! end ( ?is fir/  
m\lt+ p]iod1 y c tell h[ ! "y w develop1
 bo? = %ape & song4  ,! "m bird w       
usually beg9 to build a second ne/ :5 ! 
babies 9 ! fir/ are ab\t f\rte5 days    
old1 sometimes keep+ up ?is d\ble family
 f ,febru>y till ,june2 s t ) good birds
 y c c\nt on hav+ eight broods f ! two  
females1 ) an av]age ( sixte5 male      
birds4 ,if ! tra9]--t is to say1 ! bird 

:o tea*es ! "y ones to s+--is a good    
song/]1 ! males %\ld br+ two doll>s     
apiece :5 sixte5 weeks old4  ,! "y      
females c1 ) a little pati5ce1 be tra9$ 
& taught tricks1 :i* w make !m wor? z   
mu* or m ?an _! bro!rs1 :o h only voice 
to recomm5d !m2 b if ! female's         
education is ignor$1 !y are n wor? m ?an
 fifty c5ts apiece1 unless kept to bre$+
 age4 ,cages mu/ be kept scrupul\sly    
clean1 ) pl5ty ( s& on ! floor4 ,accu/om
 ! birds to hav+ a ba? di% put 9 = a "t 
e morn+4 ,%\ld ! feet look soil$1 or !  
nails be too long1 take ! bird firmly1 b
 g5tly1 9 y\r h&1 & hold ! feet 9 w>m   
soap & wat]1 to remove all dirt & s(t5 !
 nails1 ! extreme po9ts ( :i* c be cut )
 a pair ( %>p1 f9e scissors4 ,take c>e n
 to g above or too ne> ! end--! end ( ! 
n]ve t c be se5 runn+ ?r\gh ! upp] "p ( 
! nail2 = if y d1 x w be pa9ful to !    
bird1 z cutt+ into ! quick ( y\r        
f+]-nail w\ld be4 ,if y are a real      
bird-lov]1 & h "t & pati5ce1 y c accu/om
 a flock to y\r pres5ce until !y w let y

 g among !m 9 a fly+-room & h&le !m at  
y\r pleasure2 = !y are naturally mo/    
affectionate1 g5tle little creatures1 z 
full ( playfulness z a kitt54 ,a solit>y
 song/] w feel neglect & lonel9ess to a 
pitiable degree1 b w respond to pett+ z 
readily z a *ild4 ,a can>y f ! g5]al    
/ock ( a bird-/ore is timid & res]v$ at 
fir/1 b w soon e/abli% fri5dly relations
 betwe5 himself & 8 own]4     ,,!       
,,bus9ess ,,side   ,to make ! home      
pr(itable1 !re mu/ be "s sy/em (        
bookkeep+ in/itut$1 no matt] h[ simple1 
also !re mu/ be "s +5uity ex]cis$ ab\t  
m>ket+4 ,take advantage ( ! long ev5+s  
to />t books & lay plans = ! disposal ( 
surplus products to ! be/ advantage4    
,unless y "k :at ea* animal co/s to     
keep1 & :at returns y are receiv+ f x1 y
 c't be sure :at y\r pr(its really are4 
,i "k h[ mo/ amateurs hate to be b\nd   
d[n to ! actualities ( a balance-%eet ) 
its cold facts on :at x co/s to produce 
?is1 t or ! o!r ?+4 ,b exp]i5ce has     
taught me t x is ! crucial po9t & mu/ be

 asc]ta9$4 ,y\r acc\nts ne$ n be        
elaborate b !y mu/ be cle> & accurate4  
,e/abli% "s simple sy/em ( bookkeep+ &  
aft] y h once ov]come prejudice & made !
 plunge1 x is really gratify+ to "k1 = a
 positive fact :e!r ?+s are really pay+ 
or n4  ,! fir/ /ep t[>d g5]al ord] is   
keep+ records ( individual animals or   
flocks1 z ! case may be1 & also ( ! f>m 
& g>d5 crops4 ,be/[ a "n or numb] ^u ea*
 animal1 & if y are go+ 9 = husb&ry 9 an
 ext5sive way1 h a book = ea* v>iety4   
,if only two or ?ree animals are to be  
kept1 a g5]al /ock-book w d4 ,ea* field 
& mead[ %\ld be nam$ or numb]$1 & a book
 devot$ to "w done on ea*4  ,p\ltry also
 ne$s a special book2 s d exp5ses4  ,my 
plan is to head a page 9 ! cattle regi/]
 ) ! animal's "n or numb]2 date ( bir?  
or pur*ase1 ) price2 foll[$ by :5 br$1  
to :om1 :5 due1 actual date ( ev5t1 sex 
( (fspr+ & "n or numb] be/[$ ^u x4 ,on !
 opposite page1 if ! animal is a c[1 !  
am\nt ( milk %e gives1 a week aft]      
calv+1 & at "o measur+ e mon? until we  

cease milk+ h]4 ,milk is te/$ =         
butt]-fats once 9 e ?ree mon?s & !      
result record$4  ,! record ( pigs & %eep
 is n s elaborate1 because1 ( c\rse1 !re
 is only bre$+ & arrival ( (fspr+ to be 
not$4 ,= p\ltry1 ! numb] ( p5s heads !  
page1 foll[$ by ! numb] ( birds x       
conta9s1 & ! individual numb]s1 & on !  
opposite page ! numb] ( eggs ga!r$ ea*  
week4  ,! fe$-book conta9s ! am\nt (    
gra91 etc41 us$ = ea* v>iety ( /ock4  ,!
 f>m-book is kept 9 a l mann]1 ! field  
numb] head+ ! page2 !n1 :5 pl\gh$2 h[ & 
to :at ext5t f]tilis$2 ) :at v>iety (   
se$s s[n2 numb] ( times cultivat$1 :5   
h>ve/$ & ! am\nt ( ! crop4  ,on !       
opposite page1 9 p5cil1 are sugge/ions =
 cat* crops & rotation = ma9 plant+ = a 
p]iod ( five ye>s4 ,small note-pads )   
p5cils atta*$ are fa/5$ up 9 e /all or  
p5 ( ea* outbuild+1 & ev5ts are jott$   
d[n z !y occur1 s t !re is no *ance (   
=gett+ or gett+ ?+s mix$4 ,e ,saturday !
 %eets are torn f ! pads & br\ght to !  
h\se1 = ! items to be transf]r$ to !    

diff]5t books4 ,x does n take half an   
h\r ea* week to d ! cl]ical "w1 & x     
saves innum]able mi/akes & accid5ts1    
besides furni%+ pro( ( ! relative value 
( ea* animal & piece ( l&4  ,on "o side 
( ! exp5se book all money sp5t is ent]$2
 on ! o!r1 all moneys receiv$4 ,a       
balance is /ruck e mon? & transf]r$ to a
 g5]al l$g]1 :i*1 9 turn1 is balanc$    
once a ye>4  ,ano!r ?+ t mu/ be und]/ood
 is t all pr(its mu/ n be consid]$ z a  
bonus to be us$ = p]sonal pleasure4 ,"s 
"p ( all moneys receiv$ %\ld be set     
aside z work+ capital1 o!rwise          
improvem5t & ext5sion are simply        
impossible4  ,m>ket+ home products      
advantage\sly is ( p>am\nt importance1 &
 seems to be ! po9t on :i* _m beg9n]s   
fail4 ,commission m5 & :olesale m>kets  
%\ld n be resort$ to1 because home-gr[n 
products ( all descriptions excel 9     
quality & n 9 quantity2 !re=e1 appeal to
 high-class private cu/om1 :o desire ! v
 be/1 reg>dless ( price4  ,i h nev] sold
 ?r\gh any ( ! ord9>y m>ket *annels1 yet

 h always _h m ord]s ?an ,i c\ld fill & 
receiv$ a little m ?an ! ord9>y prices4 
,naturally ! location ( ! home & !      
quality ( ! w>es mu/ influ5ce ! returns 
to "s ext5t1 b n half s mu* z ! me?od ( 
pack+ & %ipp+4 ,nicety 9 ^! respects    
captures ! favor ( cu/om]s & !y take    
pride 9 exhibit+ ?+s to _! fri5ds--:i*  
is ! v be/ sort ( adv]tis+ a home       
bus9ess c h4  ,:5 ,i _h rea*$ ! po9t :]e
 ,i knew t ,i c\ld dep5d on a c]ta9     
numb] ( eggs regul>ly1 ,i wrote to a    
doctor fri5d 9 ! city & told him t ,i   
c\ld promise to deliv] six doz5 /rictly 
fre%-laid eggs twice a week = ! :ole    
ye>1 at a uni=m price ( =ty-five c5ts a 
doz52 cu/om]s to pay ! express *>ges1   
:i* w\ld be tw5ty-five c5ts on ea* six  
doz54 7,express companies return empty  
packages free ( *>ge47 ,)9 a mon? he _h 
f\nd f\r cu/om]s = me1 :o w\ld take two 
doz5 a week ea*1 ! box to be deliv]$ at 
8 h\se1 :]e ! o!r ?ree cu/om]s 7 to call
 e ,saturday & ,w$nesday4  ,all         
p\ltry-supply h\ses h wood5 boxes = sale

 ) divid$ trays1 made to hold ?ree1 six 
or twelve doz5 eggs1 = ab\t two doll>s  
apiece4 ,be=e ! ye> 0 out ea* ( ! ?ree  
o!r cu/om]s _h int]e/$ "o or two fri5ds1
 ) ! result t ?ree six-doz5 boxes 7     
%ipp$ ?ree times a week1 & ! foll[+ w9t]
 ,i _h ord]s f ! same p = butt] & table 
p\ltry4  ,9 ?is way my m>ket grew1 z did
 my /ock1 & ,i nev] _h any surplus to   
worry ab\t4 ,( c\rse1 ,i realise t !re 0
 an elem5t ( good luck 9 hav+ a doctor =
 a fri5d1 b :5 !re is no good ,sam>itan 
to />t a cli5tele = y1 en]gy w surely   
accompli% x2 = e h\sekeep] longs to get 
good1 fre%-deliv]$ table delicacies :i* 
h n pass$ ?r\gh a doz5 h&s4  ,i "k "o   
woman :o got h] fir/ cu/om] by writ+    
p]sonal notes to wom5 ( social prom95ce 
9 a ne>-by t[n1 ^: addresses %e got f a 
directory4 ,f tw5ty lett]s %e receiv$   
two replies1 b !y bo? became regul>     
cu/om]s1 & recomm5d$ fri5ds4  ,ano!r    
in/ance ( p]sonal ef=t took ! =m ( calls
 ^u doctors & cl]gym54 ,/ill ano!r woman
 int]e/$ ! fa%ionable mill9] ( h] t[n to

 canvass ord]s among h] cu/om]s1 & paid 
= ! fav\r ) eggs & butt]4  ,a m         
imp]sonal way ( ga9+ cu/om]s w\ld be to 
arrange ) "o or two well-locat$ drug or 
/ation]y /ores = ! display ( l>ge c>ds  
be>+ notices ( ! ?+s = sale & y\r       
address2 b1 ( c\rse1 !re are doz5s (    
ways to f9d cu/om]s4 ,adv]tis+ 9        
newspap]s w d z a la/ res\rce1 b /rictly
 p]sonal me?ods are ! be/4  ,n[ ab\t    
pack+4 ,eggs %\ld nev] be m ?an two days
 old & mu/ be sort$ into lots ( uni=m   
color & size4 ,if ! eggs %\ld become    
soil$ 9 muddy wea!r1 wipe !m ) a damp   
clo? z soon z ga!r$1 s t ! %ell does n  
become p]man5tly /a9$4  ,= private      
cu/om]s1 table birds %\ld be especially 
fatt5$ & dry pick$1 :i* means t ! fea!rs
 are remov$ z soon z ! bird has be5     
kill$1 )\t its be+ dipp$ into scald+    
wat]4 ,z ! scald+ spoils ! flav\r1 birds
 s dress$ are only accept$ by ?ird-class
 m>ket4  ,aft] ! fea!rs & p9-fea!rs h   
all be5 remov$1 ! bird %\ld be drawn1   
wa%$ 9 cold wat]1 wip$ q dry1 a piece ( 

*>coal or peel$ onion put inside ! body 
& !n truss$1 = !y look s mu* m          
attractive ?an :5 %ipp$ 9 a sprawl+     
condition4  ,draw+ & dress+ = m>ket is n
 ! cu/om = g5]al m>ket+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 b 
x is univ]sal 9 ,europe1 & private      
cu/om]s always appreciate ! improvem5t  
su* rigid cleanl9ess necess>ily makes 9 
flav\r4 ,wrap ea* bird 9 a squ>e ( new  
*eese-clo?4 ,place a few sprigs (       
p>sley1 ?yme & summ] sav\ry at "o side1 
= ! conv5i5ce ( ! cook2 !n put on an    
out] wrapp+ ( :ite pap] & tie ) clean1  
fre% /r+4 ,?+s go+ f a home %\ld look   
da9ty4  ,don't try s5d+ butt] by express
 unless y h ord]s en\gh to make x wor?  
:ile to buy "o ( ! refrig]ator hamp]s   
:i* are n[ us$ = automobiles4 ,a hamp]  
:i* co/s ab\t f\r doll>s w hold five or 
six p\nds ( butt]1 s x is n a v great   
outlay :5 y c get =ty-five c5ts a p\nd =
 y\r butt]4 ,9 mak+ up hamp]s ( fruit & 
vegetables1 use small grape-baskets to  
divide ! diff]5t v>ieties4 ,l9e !m )    
gre5 leaves4 ,pack ev]y?+ ) da9ty c>e & 

reject ev]y?+ :i* is n 9 p]fect         
condition4 ,don't let any?+ int]f]e ) ! 
arrang$ s*$ule = %ipp+4 ,ga9 a          
reputation = uni=m excell5ce &          
punctuality1 & success is sure4   ,,!   
,,end   ,transcrib]'s ,note3  ,obvi\s   
pr9t] errors correct$ sil5tly4          
,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation are z 9 
! orig9al4