,,! ,,mon?ly ,,review ,,( ,,d5tal ,,surg]y3 ,,! ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,d5tal ,,association ,,no4 ,,viii4 ,,octob]1 #ahhj4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,! subjects rightly embrac$ 9 a ,m$ical education1 & ! degree & mann] 9 :i* ^? subjects %\ld be respectively /udi$1 h be5 freely discuss$ 9 _m places dur+ ! la/ few weeks4 ,dr4 ,mi*ael ,fo/] 9 an 8,address 9 ,physiology10#a ( unsurpass$ int]e/1 cont5ds )\t contradiction t no m$ical subject--n[ t ! entrance ^u m$ical /udies is prec$$ by a te/$ prelim9>y education--ne$ be /udi$ z h]et(ore z a m]e m5tal tra9+1 & proposes t topographical anatomy1 :i* has hi!rto be5 s /udi$1 %\ld1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 give way 9 fav\r ( a m complete k ( physiology4 ,! address mu/1 & no d\bt w1 be read by all int]e/$ 9 m$ical education1 :e!r g5]al or special4 ,! foll[+ quotation w answ] our pres5t purpose3-- ,footnote #a3 ,address 9 ,physiology1 deliv]$ at ! ,annual ,meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,m$ical ,association1 #ahhj4--,publi%$ 9 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,augu/ #ba/1 #ahhj4 8,i ?9k ,i am n ov]/at+ ! case :5 ,i say t1 9 ! two ye>s 7or less ?an two ye>s7 :i* ! m$ical /ud5t devotes to /udies o!r ?an cl9ical1 #fj or #gj p] c5t4 ( 8 "t--9 "s cases ev5 m--is sp5t on ! /udy ( topographical anatomy4 ,t /udy may be reg>d$ 9 two lights--z a discipl9e1 & z practical useful k4 ,! late ,dr4 ,p>kes1 9 a rem>kable introductory address :i* he deliv]$ at ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london1 _m ye>s ago1 insi/$ mo/ /rongly t its value z a discipl9e 0 f> high] & m preci\s ?an its direct utility2 & ,i imag9e t ! m "o reflects on ! matt]1 ! m cle>ly ?is w appe>4 ,! details ( topographical anatomy h ?is peculi> feature1 t1 ?\gh !y c only be le>nt ) inf9ite pa9s & lab\r1 unlike o!r ?+s h>d to le>n1 !y vani% & flee away ) ! greate/ ease4 ,i w\ld confid5tly appeal to my audi5ce ( practical m51 h[ mu* ( ! huge mass ( m9ute facts1 :i* 9 _! y\? !y ga!r$ ) s mu* toil1 rema9$ fre% 9 _! m9ds two ye>s aft] !y pass$ ! portals ( ! ,college2 & h[ mu* n[ rema9s to !m beyond a g5]al view ( ! p>ts ( ! human frame1 & a some:at m special k ( p>ticul> regions1 _! acqua9tance ) :i* has be5 ma9ta9$ by m or less frequ5t op]ations4 ,i w\ld confid5tly ask !m :at is ! ratio1 9 t]ms ( money or any o!r value1 :i* ! "t sp5t 9 ^? e>ly anatomical /ruggles--say ov] ! details ( ! =e>m--be>s to ! am\nt ( t k rema9+ aft] tw5ty1 or t51 or ev5 five ye>s ( active practice1 or to ! actual use to :i* t k has be5 put4 8,no1 x is z a discipl9e1 & n = its practical utility1 t anatomy has be5 s useful2 & ?is1 inde$1 may frequ5tly be recognis$ 9 ! que/ions set at exam9ations4 ,:5 ! c&idate is expect$ to describe1 )9 ! error ( a few millimtres1 ! /ructures trav]s$ by a bayonet ?ru/ obliquely ?r\gh ! neck1 or is invit$ to reproduce writt5 photographs no less exact ( ! p>ts :i*1 f sk9 to sk91 und]lie a triangle or quadrangle drawn 9 ink on ! front or back ( ! ?igh1 x is cle> t ! exam9] has 9 view1 n ! ne$s ( practical life1 b an easy means ( te/+ ! pr(ici5cy ( ! /ud5t 9 mnemonic gymna/ics4 ,( ! value ( anatomy z a discipl9e1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,9 pa/ ye>s1 x has s]v$ z ! *ief culture ( ! m$ical /ud5t--z ! *ief means by :i* ! r\gh mat]ial com+ up to our great m$ical s*ools 7 tra9$ to habits ( accuracy1 ( exactness1 ( pati5t c>eful obs]vation2 & _! memories /r5g!n$ by ex]cise = ! subsequ5t /ra9 :i* w\ld h to be put ^u !m by m /rictly pr(essional le>n+4 ,9 ?is aspect1 ! v /]ility ( ! subject 0 a virtue4 ,! m]e fact t ! sep>ate details seem$ to hang loosely1 isolat$ 9 m5tal space1 held toge!r by no !ory1 by no ideas1 inasmu* z x made ! le>n+ a h>d] task1 increas$ its discipl9>y value4 ,mo/ wisely did ! lead]s ( our pr(ession insi/ t no tr\ble or exp5se %\ld be sp>$ to af=d ! neophyte ?is prep>atory sci5tific tra9+2 & t1 z f> z exam9ations & ! l c g1 no pa9s %\ld be sp>$ to compel him to avail himself ( ! opportunities (f]$4 ,inde$1 view$ z a bran* ( education1 ! ma*9]y ( anatomical in/ruction has = _m ye>s pa/ n be5 equall$ by any40 ,pr(essor ,burdon-,s&]son 9 8 introductory lecture1 says1-- 8,! preci\s ye>s :i* imm$iately prec$e a man's entry on pr(essional duty1 are f> too valuable to be wa/$ 9 le>n+ any?+ he does n int5d to reta940--,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,octob] #i?1 #ahhj4 ,! obs]vations ( ^! mo/ di/+ui%+ physiologi/s & tea*]s1 support ! view :i* has be5 tak5 respect+ ! education ( ! ,d5tal ,surgeon1 f ! "t ! ,college ( ,surgeons 0 9 #aheg ask$ to e/abli% a ,d5tal dep>tm5t1 up to ! det]m9ation ( ! ,d5tal curriculum by ! ,m$ical ,c\ncil 9 #ahgi4 ,an education equal 9 degree1 b diff]5t 9 k9d to t ( ! ,g5]al ,surgeon--an education :i* embraces a k ( ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y1 & a special1 precise1 & practical k ( ,d5tal ,surg]y1 0 ask$ & giv51 ! degree ( education progress+ z ! att5dant circum/ances all[$1 up to its pres5t advanc$ condition4 ,! place assign$ by ,dr4 ,mi*ael ,fo/] to topographical ,anatomy 9 ,m$ical education1 w c]ta9ly hold good 9 ! education ( ! ,d5tal ,surgeon4 ,physiology & ,*emi/ry1 subjects n[ insep>able & ( surpass+ int]e/1 are equally necess>y to ! ,special & ,g5]al ,surgeon4 ,! position ( ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y is n q p>allel4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples ( ea* mu/ be ?or\ghly kn[n1 b x is n necess>y t ! ,d5tal ,surgeon %\ld be practically acqua9t$ ) all ! details t p]ta9 to any o!r bran* ( ei!r ?an t :i* he selects to practice4 ,x is n ne$ful t he %\ld become a skilful midwife or oculi/1 or t he %\ld be skill$ 9 ! treatm5t 9 any o!r class ( diseases ?an ^? to ! treatm5t ( :i* he proposes to devote 8 life4 ,= if he does acquire su* detail$ k1 x w1 :5 no long] us$1 8fade l a ra9drop ^u a por\s /one10 & ! "t devot$ to ! acquisition w h be5 wa/$1 &1 p]haps1 worse ev5 ?an wa/$1 = ! subject may h be5 /udi$ at ! co/ ( neglect ( ! practical /udy ( 8 speciality4 ,x does n admit ( d\bt t ! high degree ( manual skill1 )\t :i* ! pr(ess$ d5ti/ is b a %ameless pret5d]1 c be acquir$ be/1 p]haps c be fully acquir$ only dur+ y\?2 t if ! acquisition be put (f till a m$ical education is complet$1 ! gold5 opportunity w h be5 lo/4 ,mr4 ,fawcett tells u t ! bl9d may acquire manual skill suffici5t to secure indep5d5ce1 b t x c be ga9$ only dur+ y\?4 ,! adult bl9d1 he says1 h a greatly dim9i%$ p[] ( le>n+4 ,! "t may come :5 ! pr9ciples ( ,m$ic9e & ,surg]y w be taught be=e _! special application to any p>ticul> class ( disease1 & _! modification result+ !refrom is ent]$ ^u4 ,till t "t arrive1 x w be 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,d5tal ,surgeon to /udy ) ! utmo/ c>e ! g5]al pr9ciples & _! application to 8 own speciality1 & to acquire1 :ile he c1 a v full & p]fect k1 practical1 z well z sci5tific1 ( ,d5tal ,surg]y1 be=e he ent]s ^u a detail$ /udy ( _! application to any o!r bran* or subject ( ,m$ic9e or ,surg]y1 ! practice ( :i* he does n propose to foll[1 & a tru/wor?y k ( :i* c n be reta9$ or ext5d$ 9 ! abs5ce ( cont9u\s g5]al practice4 ,! qualifi$ surgeon :o has devot$ himself to ! practice ( d5ti/ry1 may be legally qualifi$ to treat any & e k9d ( case1 b w\ld he be morally "r 9 und]tak+ ! treatm5t ( a case1 say ( fev] or ( /one8 all 8 k ( :i* diseases lies 9 a mi/y memory ( facts br\ght be=e 8 notice1 & /udi$ = a pass exam9ation 9 long pa/ /ud5t days4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! d5tal surgeon ( necessity limits 8 practice to 8 speciality1 & ! g5]al surgeon z a fur!r fact1 :]e selection is possible1 decl9es to take ,d5tal cases1 ?\gh legally entitl$ s to d4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( special tra9+1 he _c be expect$ to possess ! special k requisite to successful treatm5t1 & to add ! ,d5tal to ! ov] load$ ,m$ical curriculum1 w\ld be to greatly increase ! rejections :i*1 9 ! case ( ! ,college ( ,surgeons1 h already ris5 to ! =midable am\nt ( upw>ds ( ?irty p] c5t4 ( ! c&idates = diplomas4 ,h5ce x is t ,dr4 ,mi*ael ,fo/]1 9 ask+ = m physiology1 asks = less topographical anatomy4 ,! ,d5tal curriculum requires = its hone/ fulfilm5t1 ! :ole ( ! assign$ f\r ye>s1 & m mu/ n be attempt$ 9 ! same f\r ye>s1 = to repeat ! words ( ,pr(essor ,burdon-,s&]son1--8,! preci\s ye>s :i* imm$iately prec$e a man's entry on pr(essional duty1 are f> too valuable to be wa/$ 9 le>n+ any?+ he does n int5d to reta910 to :i* may be add$1 or :i* 8 subsequ5t occupation w n all[ him to reta94 ,if !n m m$ical k is requir$ ( ! /ud5t ?an is embrac$ 9 ! d5tal curriculum1 m "t mu/ be giv5 = its acquisition4 ,transplantation & ,replantation4 7,cont9u$ f page #dbe47 ,at ! p]iod :5 transplantation 0 sy/ematically p]=m$1 ! op]ators kept !mselves suppli$ ) an assortm5t ( dri$ tee?1 i4e41 s\nd tee?1 obta9$ g5]ally f ! dead subject1 to make use ( 9 case ! too? to be transplant$ %\ld n prove adaptable to its new abode4 ,! process is n spok5 fav\rably (1 z ! results 7 mo/ly unsatisfactory1 b at times su* tee? became p]fectly firm1 & ev5 resi/$ ! greate/ ef=ts at _! removal4 ,we c h>dly = "o mom5t suppose t tee? 9 ! condition ^! 7 c\ld h ev] become atta*$ to a liv+ alveolo-d5tal membrane1 & ! difficulty ( acc\nt+ = ?is firmness w\ld h be5 great inde$1 _h x n be5 already solv$ = u4 ,9 ,lang5beck's ,ar*iv4 fr ,*irurgie1 vol4 iv41 is a pap] on 8,! ,replantation & ,transplantation ( ,tee?10 by ,dr4 ,a4 ,mits*]li*1 :i* des]ves to be bett] kn[n1 & :i*1 app>5tly1 _c h come "u ! obs]vation ( ^? :o rec5tly contribut$ to ! ,lancet on ! subject1 ! excuse = :i* is less1 s9ce x has be5 translat$ into ,engli%4#b ,! au?or1 9 addition to mu* int]e/+ & orig9al matt]1 records ! foll[+ exp]im5t4 ,9 ! upp] jaw ( a dog ( a ye> old1 ,dr4 ,mits*]li* ins]t$ into ! socket ( an incisor he _h remov$1 a simil> too? tak5 f a dog's skull1 & :i* he reta9$ 9 situ by means ( a silv] wire pass$ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! too?1 & a hole bor$ ?r\gh ! alveol> process ( ! jaw4 8,aft] six weeks ! dog 0 kill$1 hav+ be5 giv5 dur+ ! la/ few days ?ree gra9s ( picronitrate ( pota% ?ree times a day2 ! c>otids 7 imm$iately inject$4 ,! muscles1 l ! gums1 7 col\r$ yell[3 nei!r1 h[ev]1 9 ! implant$ too? nor 9 ! s\nd ones 0 any alt]ation ( col\r p]ceptible4 ,! silv] wire 0 por\s1 & no long] held ! too?2 x 0 remov$4 ,! too? 0 q firmly seat$1 & c\ld n be mov$ 9 ! lea/ by ! f+]s4 ,! gums1 z 9 ! rema9+ tee?1 7 accurately appli$ bo? to ! alveol> process & also to ! too? itself1 & n[h]e c\ld any alt]ation be f\nd 9 x4 ,! too? 0 sawn ?r\gh l5g?ways1 toge!r ) ! upp] jaw1 ) a f9e saw1 s t ! pulp cavity 0 laid b>e 9 its :ole ext5t4 ,! latt] 0 only fill$ ) a little detritus1 & no trace ( ! pulp 0 discov]able2 none ( ! injection1 too1 _h be5 =c$ into ! cavity4 ,! too? 0 ev]y:]e mo/ intimately connect$ ) ! surr\nd+ p>ts1 & suppuration %[$ itself n[h]e4 ,( ! p]io/eum1 on ! o!r h&1 !re 7 only 9 a few places "s small rema9s discov]able4 ,on ! po/]ior surface ( ! too? two small cavities 7 visible2 ! l>g] ( :i* lay m t[>ds ! po9t ( ! fang1 & ext5d$ to ! pulp cavity2 !y 7 fill$ ) a s(t sub/ance1 & _! walls appe>$ r\ndi%4 ,^! appe>ances 7 entirely confirm$ by microscopical exam9ation1 inasmu* z only 9 a few places1 especially on ! ant]ior surface ( ! too?1 7 traces ( ! p]io/eum to be demon/rat$2 :]e ?is 0 abs5t ! too? 0 eat5 away1 & its absorption _h proce$$ 9 su* a mann]1 t a multitude ( globul> elem5ts appe>$ on ! section1 resembl+ ! fragm5ts :i* we f9d 9 ivory pegs :i* h be5 bor$ into bones1 & reta9$ 9 !m a consid]able "t2 9 ! two above-m5tion$ cavities ! absorption _h proce$$ f>!r & f>!r1 & _h at la/ atta9$ its above-m5tion$ great ext5t4 ,! cem5tum c\ld /ill be demon/rat$ 9 c]ta9 places1 x 01 h[ev]1 absorb$ 9 ! greate/ "p ( its ext5t4 ,9 ! cavities ( ! too? sub/ance1 masses ( bone 7 emb$d$1 !y 7 appli$ to ! walls ( ! cavities )\t any k9d ( int]m$iate sub/ance1 & s held ! too? ) su* extraord9>y firmness4 ,?is osse\s deposit1 :i* 0 directly connect$ ) ! alveol> processes1 0 freely trav]s$ ) blood vessels1 :i* sometimes ext5d$ !mselves close up to ! too? sub/ance4 ,x 0 also s fully develop$1 t ! process _h to be look$ ^u z fully accompli%$1 & !re=e1 a lat] exfoliation ( ! too? 0 n to be expect$4 ,! d5t9e itself %[$ no?+ abnormal40 ,footnote #b3 8,ar*ives ( ,d5ti/ry10 ,edit$ by ,edw9 ,truman1 vol4 i41 p4 #afi4 ,we h quot$ ! au?or ( ! =ego+ at "s l5g?1 z "s ( 8 conclusions ^u ?is int]e/+ exp]im5t might seem antagoni/ic to our own4 ,?us1 :il/ we agree ) him 9 conclud+ t a dead too? becomes unit$ to a liv+ jaw by a c]ta9 am\nt ( absorption ( its fangs by o/eobla/s1 & a subsequ5t calcification ( su* tissue1 we d n believe su* process z fully accompli%$ or p]man5t4 ,! valuable rese>*es ( ,tomes & ,de ,morgan %[ t dur+ life a cont9ual process ( =mation & absorption is tak+ place 9 bone1 :il/ ! =m] has also po9t$ out t ! process ( absorption 9 ! fangs ( tempor>y tee? is "o alt]nat+ betwe5 absorption & deposition1 ?\gh 9 ! end 9 fav\r ( ! =m]1 i4e41 t ! o/eobla/s :i* effect ! absorption ( ! d5t9e (t5 become calcifi$1 b are aga9 ev5tually decalcifi$ & become active o/eocla/s4 ,:at det]m9es ^! bodies to act1 s to speak1 9 a positive or a negative capacity w\ld be mo/ int]e/+ to discov]1 &1 9 consid]+ ! subject1 we c h>dly ov]look ! views ( ,mr4 ,bridgman1 :o comp>es ! process ( bone =mation & decalcification to :at occurs 9 an electrolytic cell1 :]e1 by *ang+ ! direction ( ! curr5t1 ! electrodes assume precisely opposite functions4 ,if1 !n1 we c\ld discov] ! conditions t w\ld pres]ve ! bone tissue1 9 connection ) ! d5t9e1 f und]go+ decalcification1 we might1 ) e prospect ( success1 transplant dead tee?1 b :i*1 z at pres5t c>ri$ out1 inv>iably1 we believe1 ev5tually1 suff] ! fate ( ivory pegs introduc$ into ! extremities ( bones 9 disunit$ fractures4 ,inde$1 ?is result1 al?\gh m sl[ly effect$1 appe>s ne>ly always to foll[ 9 ^? cases :]e ! transplant$ or replant$ too? has lo/ mu* ( its alveolo-d5tal membrane2 :e!r ! excis+ ( a portion ( ! fang1 z advocat$ by ,magitt1 w prove b5eficial or o!rwise1 rema9s to be se54 ,porcela9 tee? hav+ ind5tations 9 _! fangs h be5 sugge/$1 fir/1 we believe1 by ,mits*]li*1#c & aga9 by a rec5t writ] 9 ! ,lancet4 ,! =m] actually attempt$ two cases1 & ) ! success we %\ld h anticipat$1 = :5 aft] f\r or five weeks ! ca\t*\c spl9t :i* reta9$ !m 9 situ 0 remov$ !y imm$iately foll[$ ! spl9t & fell out4 8,ossification _h n tak5 place2 ! entirely het]og5e\s mass ( /one _h act$ z a =eign body1 produc$ granulation & suppuration1 & s prev5t$ union40 ,footnote #c3 ,op4 ,cit4 ,9 conclusion1 we ?9k en\gh has be5 /at$ to %[ t transplantation or replantation ( liv+ tee?1 or at all ev5ts1 ( tee? hav+ liv+ alveolo-d5tal membrane may be exceptionally c>ri$ out ) b5efit to ! pati5t2 if ! *ances ( p]man5t success be n v great ! *ances ( injury are1 we believe1 small1 & h be5 greatly exagg]at$4 ,no su* case has come "u our obs]vation1 b !n 9 all we h witness$1 ! transplant$ or replant$ too? has nev] be5 ligatur$ or o!rwise =cibly reta9$ 9 its alveolus4 ,we believe _m ( ! cases ( failure1 z probably ^? also ( bone exfoliation1 arose f ?is proc$ure4 ,a too?1 aft] ei!r op]ation1 al?\gh at ! "t p]fectly adju/$ to its prop] position1 becomes1 aft] a day or two1 elongat$ f its socket & less firm2 ! result ( effusion into ! alveolo-d5tal membrane & ab\t ! too?2 z ?is mat]ial becomes organiz$ x =ms1 no d\bt1 ! m$ium ( union betwe5 ! d5tal & alveol> portions ( t membrane4 ,at all ev5ts1 aft] a week or s ! too? aga9 rec$es into its socket1 & z x does s becomes firm] & less s5sitive to pressure2 if our view be correct1 ! employm5t ( a ligature or =cible ret5tion ( ! too? c only be objectionable4 ,a v diff]5t matt]1 h[ev]1 w be ! adju/m5t ( a plate contriv$ s z to protect ! transplant$ or replant$ too? f viol5ce or pressure until its atta*m5t is ensur$4 ,m]curial ,amalgams4 ,,by ,m4 ,g4 ,,cunn+ham4 ,aft] tw5ty-five ye>s ( /ubborn fight support]s ( gold z a fill+ = decay$ tee? accept ! possibility ( pla/ic mat]ial be+ 9 c]ta9 cases its sup]ior2 ?r\gh\t ?is p]iod ,i h be5 cont5t to hold my peace & act entirely on my own judgm5t 9 ! selection ( mat]ial1 z h[ev]1 x seems to be ! fact t a man :o uses pla/ic fill+ )\t dang] ( be+ t]m$ a 8quack10 may speak1 ,i w\ld1 ?r\gh y\r k9d ag5cy1 convey to bro!r ,d5ti/s my me?od ( prep>+ metallic amalgams1 :i* has sav$ me mu* tr\ble & my pati5ts a l>ge numb] ( tee?4 ,9 us+ amalgam1 ! fir/ ?+ we ought to take into consid]ation is :e!r t :i* we are us+ & call+ by t "n is su*1 & ,i v5ture to say t 9 a v l>ge numb] ( cases x is no amalgam at all1 b a concrete admixture ( solid metals ) liquid m]cury4 ,9 ! e>ly days1 :5 metallic precipitate ( silv] 0 employ$1 p]fect amalgamation 0 n difficult to obta91 provid$ ! precipitate _h be5 9 ! fir/ in/ance prop]ly wa%$ & c>efully /opp]$1 ! m9ute sub-division ( ! metal & abs5ce ( oxidation aid+ l>gely to ?is result4 ,! fill+s ( ! pres5t day are ( a totally diff]5t "*1 co>se 9 gra91 & ( a nature to oxidize on ev5 mom5t>y contact ) air1 !y become difficult to amalgamate ) m]cury1 :i*1 9 itself1 is a highly oxidizable metal1 s t rec\rse is (t5 _h to a glass tube & viol5t agitation to produce t :i* is at be/ only a semblance ( :at x %\ld be--a ?or\ghly homog5e\s mass1 t ^u sett+ w reta9 a uni=m texture & d5sity proportionate to ! con/itu5ts ( :i* ! fill+s are compos$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 to ! fill+s & m]cury be add$ a drop or less ( sulphuric acid1 ei!r 9 ! palm ( ! h& or mort>1 x w be f\nd t ! metals w almo/ in/antane\sly amalgamate1 :il/ ! oxides comb9+ ) ! acid leave a residuum :i*1 by its quantity1 cle>ly %[s :at a v imp]fect body c\ld h be5 a s-call$ amalgam conta9+ only a small portion ( !m4 ,wa%+ 9 pure wat] at once removes all trace ( acid1 & a ?or\ghly reliable /opp+ c be at once produc$ f mat]ials o!rwise worse ?an useless4 ,introductory ,lecture to ,c\rse on ,d5tal ,me*anics4 ,,by ,,dr4 ,j4 ,,walk]4 ,,g5tlem51--,! au?orities ( ! ,d5tal ,hospital ( ,london h entru/$ to me ! heavy responsibility ( lectur+ on ,d5tal ,me*anics = ?is pres5t ,session ( #ahhj & #ahha4 ,i h und]tak5 ?is po/ ) _m misgiv+s2 ! subject is s wide & compreh5sive1 ! /udy s important to y n[1 & ! effect ( good or bad tea*+ w s deeply affect y\r :ole life1 t ,i might well h hesitat$ be=e f9ally accept+ ! duties t w n[ devolve ^u me4 ,i h tak5 a great int]e/ 9 ?is ,hospital & ,s*ool f its e>ly f\ndation1 :5 ! pupils 7 few1 & ! ,s*ool & ,hospital _h1 s to speak1 to w9 its spurs2 b 9 pass+1 ,i may "h rem>k t t small class ( /ud5ts1 !n a new feature 9 ,london life1 by _! dilig5ce1 le>n+ & conduct1 h e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry a "n & reputation t y w h to p]petuate4 ,x 0 by ! comb9$ ef=ts ( ! :ole pr(ession1 & by ! fact t its s5ior memb]s 7 able to po9t back to s _m successful /ud5ts ( ?is ,s*ool & ,hospital1 n[ e>ne/ practition]s 9 ne>ly e l>ge t[n ( ! ,briti% ,isles1 t ! lead]s ( our dep>tm5t ( ,surg]y 7 enabl$ to br+ ?is special bran* be=e ! notice ( ,p>liam5t1 & obta9 a ,bill :i* n[ gov]ns ! me?od & ext5t ( ! classes & hospital practice ( all our s*ools4 ,z y\r lectur]1 ,i may p]haps )\t egotism m5tion t ,i 0 "o ( ! six g5tlem5 appo9t$ z ! fir/ ,assi/ant ,d5tal ,surgeons to ?is ,hospital1 :ile x 0 /ruggl+ ?r\gh its fir/ ye> ( active life4 ,i rema9$ at my po/ ne>ly t5 ye>s1 until driv5 by increas+ practice to rel9qui% ! "w1 !n1 z n[1 c>ri$ on 9 y\r ,hospital4 ,x is ! k & exp]i5ce ,i !n ga9$1 & ! lessons ,i h s9ce le>nt z ! result ( treatm5t 9 private practice1 t ,i h n[ to (f] y--_m failures & "s successes1 _m abortive s*emes1 & "s inv5tions t h /ood ! te/ ( "t4 ,my be/ ?anks are due to ! ,manag+ ,committee ( ?is ,hospital1 = elect+ me to be ! colleague ( su* m5 z ,alfr$ ,coleman1 ,c4 ,s4 ,tomes1 & ,d4 ,lewis4 ,g5tlem51 ,i am fully consci\s ( ! hon\r1 & w d my be/1 if heal? & /r5g? are giv5 me1 to r$eem 9 "p ! loss y h su/a9$ 9 ! resignation ( y\r late tea*]1 ,mr4 ,james ,smi? ,turn]4 ,i "k t y & y\r companions 9 hospital practice held him 9 high e/eem4 ,he has be5 a true fri5d to ! ,london ,d5tal ,s*ool4 ,he _h become a ripe & exp]i5c$ tea*]1 "o fully alive to ! be/ mann] ( treat+ 8 subject1 pass+ by :at ! /ud5t might ga9 = himself f books1 to dwell ^u ^? details t a man ( 8 exp]i5ce c\ld s fully grasp4 ,b mu* z we miss him1 we may yet congratulate ourselves t we h n to m\rn ov] ! dea? ( s good & fai?ful a fri5d4 ,he is n[ z actively at "w 9 ano!r sph]e ( ,d5tal life2 he is ev5 work+ h>d] ?an ev] 9 p]fect+ ! "w t has s prosp]$ 9 ! h&s ( ,messrs4 ,tomes & ,turn]4 ,he is consolidat+ ! ,d5tal ,act ( #ahgh1 mak+ e ef=t to r5d] ! ,regi/] ( #ahha z p]fect z may be1 & to raise ! /&>d ( ,d5tal ,education ?r\gh\t ,great ,brita94 ,t ! numb] ( ,d5tal ,s*ools may be equal to :at is n[ dem&$ by /ud5ts1 ! s*ools be s\nd 9 tea*+ p[]1 ! m5 elect$ z tea*]s be consci5ti\s 9 _! newly appo9t$ "w1 t full & complete c\rses on ea* ,d5tal subject be deliv]$--^! are a few items ( 8 daily "w4 ,! end & object ( 8 endeav\rs is t ! /ud5ts 9 ! v>i\s s*ools may ga!r wid] /ores ( k dur+ _! curriculum1 s t ! v>i\s exam9+ bodies may see _! way to en=ce a high] /&>d ( exam9ation ?an is n[ en=c$ to obta9 ! ,l4,d4,s4 ,diploma1 & ! covet$ p[] ( regi/ration4 ,^? g5tlem5 :o 7 memb]s ( ,mr4 ,turn]'s class la/ ye> w jo9 ) me 9 wi%+ him long life & en]gy to complete 8 self-impos$ task4 ,to come to ! special subject ( my lecture4 ,at ! risk ( provok+ ! well-kn[n retort ( 8no?+ l lea!r10 ,i v5ture to ass]t t no man c ev] prove himself a good ,d5tal ,surgeon unless he is a skill$ arti/ 9 ,d5tal ,me*anics4 ,to k9dle a sp>k ( my own en?usiasm = ! subject1 to fan t sp>k into a flame t %all burn bright] & bright] 9 y\r life until y lay d[n ! file & ! engrav]1 ) a s5se t y h done "s good "w 9 ! _w1 is at once my endeav\r & my duty4 ,a pa9t] or sculptor ( em95ce 9 8 pr(ession is frequ5tly ! lead] 9 ! fa%ionable _w1 he is fea/$ by ! city guilds1 8 company is s\ght by ! ri* & noble1 he has ! entre to ! lit]>y circles ( e capital1 yet ! "w ( ! arti/ is1 at be/1 b to reproduce a fa9t imitation ( nature 9 cold m>ble or on inanimate canvass4 ,! subjects ( y\r h&iwork w be full ( life & animation4 ,:at is ! necess>y tra9+ = su* accompli%m5ts8 ,a full & p]fect realization ( all ! =ms ( human beauty1 & ( woman's beauty 9 p>ticul>4 ,:y d ,i dwell s mu* on ! complete =m ( beauty8 ,because no face c be p]fect 9 beauty1 unless its features ea* & all are 9 h>mony4 ,! tee? h a peculi>ly m>k$ position 9 relation to ! features3 "o miss+ l9k 9 ! circle w attract att5tion & m> ! h>mony ( an o!rwise lovely face1 l a false *ord 9 music4 ,project+1 discol\r$1 irregul>1 mis%ap51 cr[d$ tee?1 all t5d to de/roy symmetry4 ,if s 9 ! natural c\rse ( d5tition1 h[ mu* m 9 ! artificial6 ,i w\ld urge y all to und]take at />t+ a ?or\gh /udy ( ! normal bones ( ! skull4 ,normal bones ( ! face4--,9 ! anatomical class at y\r g5]al hospital y w /udy ! bones ( ! face 9 consid]able detail1 b !re y\r att5tion w be direct$ to ! common or g5]al *>act]s ( ! bones4 ,y w !re h to le>n ! usual %ape ( ! bones1 _! processes1 ridges1 grooves & depressions2 y w be %ewn ! *>act]s1 n only by :i* y may at once recognise !m1 b :i* y may always recognise 9 !m4 ,i _c too /rongly urge y to ma/] all ^! details4 ,b1 ,g5tlem51 "h we h to /udy ^! bones 9 a practical mann]2 we h to look ^u !m z p>ts ( ! liv+ c\nt5ances ( our pati5ts1 & z no two faces are exactly alike1 a /udy ( individual faces is necess>y1 z a gr\ndwork = y\r success 9 practical me*anical d5ti/ry1 & y mu/ /udy individual specim5s ( ea* ( ! facial bones4 ,a c>eless obs]v] ( a cr[d ( negroes might ?9k !y 7 all alike1 because ea* _h a black sk91 woolly hair1 retreat+ =eheads1 ?ick lips & :ite tee?4 ,b yet a close obs]vation w\ld quickly tell him 9 tru? !re came beh9d all ^! co>se resemblances1 m9ute1 b notewor?y diff]5ces1 diff]5ces :i* he w\ld be compell$ to take note ( be=e int]c\rse ) !m w\ld be possible4 ,9 ! same way a g5]al anatomi/ m]ely po9ts out to y h[ all palates are alike1 & ,i want to g f>!r & %ew y ) equal tru? h[ no two are alike1 b all diff]4 ,dep5d ^u x1 g5tlem51 y\r usefulness & success w v>y ) y\r skill 9 p]ceiv+ ^! less] diff]5ces :i* *>act]ise individuals4 ,! be/ "n ,i c give to ?is /udy is comp>ative human anatomy4 ,let u take "s examples ( :at ,i mean4 ,! upp] jaw bone is ! mo/ complex ( all ! bones ( ! face4 ,look+ at its c5tral "p or body we are fir/ ( all /ruck ) ! cavity 9 x--! antrum ( ,highmore4 ,n[1 if y take a hundr$ bones1 y w n be able to f9d two antra exactly alike1 b !y w diff] 9 size1 9 %ape1 9 dep?1 9 wid?1 & 9 size ( _! angles & incl9ation ( ea* ( _! walls4 ,& all ^! peculi>ities influ5ce ! c\nt5ance1 & mu/1 !re=e1 be /udi$ be=e y c hope to be successful 9 replac+ ! lo/ d5tal organs4 ,! high *eek bone ( ! ,scot*man is a v famili> example ( ! effect ( a v>iation 9 ! antrum4 ,! alveol> process4--,! natural sett+ ( ! tee? v>ies also 9 its dep?1 ?ickness1 smoo?ness1 irregul>ity1 & mo/ importantly 9 its curve1 :i* may be a broad1 op5 semi-circle1 or a n>r[ semi-ellipse4 ,! nasal process1 too1 v>ies z mu* 9 diff]5t specim5s2 y w f9d diff]5ces 9 l5g?1 bread?1 9 ! angle x =ms ) ! body ( ! bone1 & ) ! frontal bones2 all ^! p>ticul>s modify ! %ape ( ! nose1 & z ,i %all h to po9t out to y1 no feature is m wor?y ( y\r c>eful /udy ?an ! human nose 9 its numb]less v>ieties4 ,! mal> process ( ?is bone has simil> v>ieties4 ,notice aga9 ! palate plate h[ x diff]s 9 bread? & ar*1 & s modifies importantly ! ro( ( ! m\?1 to :i* a d5ture has be5 adapt$4 ,! mal> bones are unlike 9 ?ickness1 ! size ( _! angles1 l5g? ( _! (fspr++ processes1 & 9 ! exact mode ( articulation ) neighb\r+ bones4 ,see too1 h[ frontal bones v>y1 9 "o case a broad1 bold l9e =ehead1 9 ano!r ov]hang+1 9 a ?ird n>r[ & po9t$1 & y meet ) inf9ite v>ieties betwe5 ^! extremes4 ,9 pass+ to ! nasal bones1 n only mu/ we notice h[ !y diff] 9 l5g? & bread?1 & ! level ( _! edges1 b t ! %ape ( _! ar* is con/antly v>y+2 x may be broad & r\nd$1 or n>r[ & high1 ev5 to %>pness4 ,?is dep5ds ^u ! prom95ce =w>d ( ! bony nasal septum1 ! int]val betwe5 ! nasal processes ( ! upp] maxilla1 t is to be bridg$ ov] ! bread? ( ! nasal bones1 & ! exact mode ( _! articulation ) ! upp] jaw bone4 ,n alone does ! usual ar* diff] ?us1 b mo/ obvi\sly on ! angle x =ms ) ! frontal l9es4 ,f y\r own obs]vation y w at once grant me t noses v>y z mu* z families2 9 fact ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t !re is a good deal to be said = ,mr4 ,%&y's philosophy ( noses4 ,! c>tilages ( ! nose play a mo/ important "p 9 ! %ape ( ! organ1 & dem& y\r /udy z mu* z ! bones4 ,ea* v>iation 9 ! %ape ( ! nose has a correspond+ v>iety ( upp] lip1 & ! correlations betwe5 ^! two mu/ be mo/ c>efully att5d$ to4 ,grant$ t ^! diff]5ces are s num]\s1 y mu/ admit t ! nose mu/ h prim>y importance 9 ! e/imate ( ! ,d5tal ,surgeon1 :5 call$ ^u to re/ore ! lo/ ,d5tal organs4 ,i may rem>k t al?\gh ,i am exam9+ noses e day ( my life1 ,i h nev] yet f\nd "o assum+ a direct l9e ) ! o!r c5tral l9es ( ! head & face4 ,to arrive at a j appreciation ( ! effect ( ^! bones on ! l9es ( ! face y mu/ exam9e !m 9 ! articulat$ skeleton1 n 9 "o in/ance b 9 _m--fifty or ev5 a hundr$--make weekly visits to ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,surgeons1 & !re exam9e all ! specim5s ( articulat$ skulls & skeletons1 until y fully grasp ! mean+ ( comp>ative human anatomy--! size1 ! %ape1 ! relative acut5ess ( angles1 ! proportions ( ! diff]5t p>ts4 ,x is ?is relation%ip1 ! articulation ( ea* bone ) ! o!r bones ( ! skull t is ( prim>y importance to ! ,d5tal ,surgeon4 ,! la/ bone t ,i %all m5tion to y ?is ev5+ is ! l[] jaw1 p]haps ! mo/ important ( all4 ,y w all soon be taught t x has a body1 a symphysis1 a ramus ) its condyle1 coronoid process & sigmoid not*1 an alveol> process1 & v>i\s tub]cles1 ridges1 sp9es1 grooves1 & depressions4 ,b beyond all su* facts1 be at pa9s to notice1 g5tlem51 h[ all ^! v>i\s p>ts diff] 9 diff]5t specim5s4 ,! *anges 9 ! angle ( ! bone t are met ) at diff]5t ages are notori\s1 b y w h to le>n t ! angle ( e adult diff]s1 t ea* =m ( c\nt5ance has its special maxill>y angle1 nor are ! dep?1 ?ickness1 curve1 obliquity & relative prom95ce ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! bone "o :it m con/ant1 & if y w\ld succe$ 9 fitt+ artificial d5tures to a l[] jaw1 ^! individual peculi>ities ( ! bone mu/ be c>efully /udi$4 ,! ,d5tal organs w be pres5t$ 9 full detail by my colleague1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,s4 ,tomes1 b ,i %\ld fail 9 ! "o po9t ( my brief sket*1 if ,i did n ref] y to ! fact t no circle is f\nd exactly correspond+ ) a second 9 ! articulation ( ! ?irty-two tee? implant$ 9 ! maxill>y bones4 ,my rem>ks culm9ate 9 ?is app>5tly /range contradiction1 no two sets ( tee? ev] describe ! same circle at any age4 ,! diff]5ces 9 *ildr5 are only slight1 yet a diff]5ce exi/s2 ! old] ! subject1 ! great] ! contra/ visible4 ,yet h>mony exi/s 9 ! l9es ( ! face2 once ackn[l$ge ?is & y w p]ceive ! lab\r & inve/igation necess>y to make y grasp ! subject 9 its broade/ s5se4 ,take1 = in/ance1 a pati5t at ! age ( sixty1 ) ed5tul\s jaws1 reque/+ artificial d5tures to be prep>$ at y\r h&s4 ,= su* me*anism to be successful 9 ! re/oration ( ! cont\r ( ! face1 x w be necess>y t x %all h>monise ) ! features2 y mu/ c>ry y\r p]ception backw>ds to ! appe>ance t ?is face pres5t$ :5 he _h only atta9$ ! age ( ?irty3 ?is w be ! art & sci5ce expect$ at y\r h&s4 ,n to l5g!n ?is my introductory lecture1 by lab\r+ to def9e ! v>i\s types ( ,engli% faces1 :5 ! bones are cov]$ ) ! s(t p>ts1 ,i h select$ a few outl9es ( faces su* z a sculptor & pa9t] w\ld /udy4 ,ca/ y\r eye upw>d1 y w see t ea* possesses its own *>act]i/ic & alt]able features4 ,s 9 life2 & if y g5tlem5 are to be true ,d5tal ,surgeons1 y mu/ rise to ! ideal ( arti/ic me*anics4 ,if ,i am to b5efit y to ! full b5t ( my wi%es1 y mu/ /udy nature 9 all its v>iety--nature :5 pres5t$ to y z de/roy$ by premature disease & dea?1 to be re/or$ by y\r h& to its orig9al con=mation4 ,rememb] t use mu/ foll[ beauty1 "o _c be dissev]$ f ! o!r if y w\ld obta9 results1 complete 9 p[] ( ma/ication1 spee*1 durability1 & appe>ance4 ,to w9 success 9 appe>ance1 y mu/ /udy ! irregul>ities ( ! natural projection ( circle1 & ! "* ( circle4 ,if any irregul>ities are obs]v$1 take a model ca/ ( ! m\?1 s t y c comp>e ! natural organs :il/ ! artificial are 9 progress ( arrangem5t2 modify ^! irregul>ities1 b d n efface _! exi/5ce altoge!r4 ,! g5]al con=mation ( ! ,d5tal organs & ! face mu/ be y\r special /udy4 ,! col\r ( ! tee? to be select$ mu/ receive at y\r h&s great c>e3 comp>e ! v>i\s t9ts at y\r disposal1 asc]ta9 if a p]fect self col\r1 or a t9t$1 %ad$1 or /a9$ too? is ! mo/ pleas+2 :i* w h>monise be/ ) ! complexion1 produc+ a natural effect4 ,x w be y\r object to disguise t ! new introductions are =eign bodies1 endeav\r to make !m appe> z if !y possess$ life4 ,_m col\rs absorb s mu* light t at night ! appe>ance !y pres5t is black & dea?-l4 ,avoid su* %ades1 select ^? t reflect light2 9 _m cases ! tee? %\ld be almo/ transp>5t4 ,! col\r ( ! hair1 ! nature ( ! complexion w guide y 9 ?is endeav\r2 hair & complexion mu/ h>monise4 ,a heavy1 wavy head ( hair1 d>k & massive1 ) bronz$ face w\ld indicate a /rong %ad$ too?1 solid 9 "* & non-transp>5t1 yet a col\r t w reflect r ?an absorb ! rays ( light4 ,a ,saxon face ) fair hair w /rongly puzzle y at times2 ! pe>l hu$1 ?9 & transp>5t tee?1 z a rule1 are appropriate = su* a face4 ,:5 articulat+ ! d5tures1 e c>e mu/ be tak5 & mu* ?\ght & /udy be/[$ to adju/ ! dep? & height ( ! sup]ior & inf]ior d5tures to ! l5g? & dep?1 to ! ?ickness or ?9ness ( ! lips4 ,note & e/imate ! loss ( /ructure by absorption1 & supply 9 proportion to ! loss4 ,! circle & projection z above allud$ to w be y\r special /udy4 ,give h\rs to produce a natural expression4 ,propose to ! pati5t a %ort walk 9 y\r op]at+ room2 if a good corridor is at y\r disposal1 s mu* ! bett]1 use x4 ,by s do+ y w asc]ta9 :at1 if any1 old habit ( contortion ( features is indulg$ 9 by ! pati5t2 ! "* ( ! laugh1 if ! lips are rais$1 & h[ mu*2 at times only ! tips ( ! tee? are manife/1 at o!rs ! full lip is rais$ expos+ to view ! cr[n ( ! too? & ! alveolus1 ev5 to ! l[] m>g9 ( ! meatus ( ! nose4 ,arrangem5ts equal to all ^! expressions mu/ be adopt$4 ,! h[1 w be told y 9 future lectures4 ,!n1 aga91 ! smile2 ! smile ( a ,desdemona & ! smile ( an ,iago6 yet h[ mu* 9 a smile6 ,h>monise y\r me*anism s t ! smile ( ! pati5t %all be r5d]$ z natural & full ( mean+ z art c make x4 ,! movem5ts ( ! lips & tongue 9 spee* mu/ be z c>efully /udi$2 ! eloqu5ce ( ! orator & ! no less eloqu5t prattle ( a pretty woman4 ,dur+ ! visit ( y\r pati5t /rike out a conv]sation t %all put him at 8 ease1 & %[ him at 8 be/2 ?is w aid y 9 obs]v+ :at is requir$ to r5d] conv]sation easy to himself & acceptable to 8 he>]s4 ,notice t ! head is nev] c>ri$ 9 a p]p5dicul> l9e ) ! body2 at times x leans to ! "r or ! left1 ! effect ( ?is incl9ation is to l5g!n 9 appe>ance ! tee? ( ! incl9e4 ,notice also1 _m pati5ts h ! unga9ly habit ( twi/+ ! lips out ( ! natural l9e ( ! head & face4 ,x is by att5tion to all ^! details t ! results ( y\r "w w be noble1 y\r claims to rew>d great1 y\r satisfaction n less 9 its k9d ?an t ( ! sculptor or ! pa9t]2 :il/ !y c only *>m ! happy1 x is y\rs to relieve ! suff]+1 to alleviate pa91 & ev5 to prolong life & re/ore lo/ beauty4 ,special ,g5]al ,meet+ ( ! ,midl& ,c\nties ,bran* ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association4 ,a ,special ,g5]al ,meet+ ( ! ,midl& ,c\nties ,bran* ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association1 0 held on ,w$nesday1 #f? ,octob]1 9 ! ,memorial ,hall1 ,alb]t ,squ>e1 ,man*e/]4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! bran*1 ,h4 ,campion1 ,esq4 7,man*e/]71 presid$1 & !re 7 also pres5t1 ,messrs4 ,s4 ,wormald 7,treasur]71 ,/ockport2 ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,waite 7,secret>y71 ,liv]pool2 ,w4 ,h4 ,nicol 7,le$s72 ,r4 ,e4 ,/ew>t 7,liv]pool72 ,dr4 ,d4 ,a4 ,wormald 7,bury72 ,t4 ,murphy 7,bolton72 ,q4 ,r5%aw 7,ro*dale72 ,w4 ,h4 ,ridge 7,/af=d72 ,t4 ,mahonie 7,%effield72 ,b4 ,h>d+ 7,man*e/]72 ,t4 ,c4 ,p>son 7,clifton72 ,h4 ,m>% 7,man*e/]72 ,t4 ,dilcock 7,liv]pool72 ,d4 ,dopson 7,liv]pool72 ,l4 ,ma!son 7,man*e/]72 ,w4 ,dykes 7,man*e/]72 ,w4 ,headridge 7,man*e/]72 ,j4 ,g4 ,rob]ts 7,liv]pool72 ,w4 ,taylor 7,batley72 ,w4 ,%ill+law 7,birk5head72 ,j4 ,s4 ,crapp] 7,hanley72 & ,r4 ,rog]s 7,*elt5ham74 ,,! ,,m9utes ,,( ,,! ,,la/ ,,meet+4 ,! fir/ bus9ess be=e ! meet+ 0 ! read+ ( ! m9utes ( ! la/ meet+4 ,!y 7 tak5 z read4 ,! foll[+ lett] 0 read by ! ,secret>y 7,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,waite73-- 8,to ! ,hon4 ,sec4 ( ! ,midl& ,bran* ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association4 8,,de> ,,sir1--,i h mu* pleasure 9 in=m+ y1 t at a meet+ ( ! bus9ess ,committee ( ! repres5tative ,bo>d ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association1 held on ! #a/ in/ant1 ,edw>d ,saund]s1 ,esq41 9 ! *air1 ! propos$ bye-laws hav+ be5 approv$ (1 ! ,midl& ,c\nties ,bran* ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association 0 =mally affiliat$ ) ! ,c5tral ,body4 8,accord+ to ! desire ( ! meet+1 ,i h to convey to y our be/ wi%es = ! success ( y\r ef=ts4 8,y\rs v truly1 8,,james ,,smi? ,,turn]1 8,hon4 ,sec41 ,briti% ,d5tal ,association40 ,! report :i* 0 !n read by ! ,secret>y1 0 z foll[s3-- ,,report ,,( ,,c\ncil4 ,z ?is is a ,special1 & n an ,ord9>y ,g5]al ,meet+1 & z ! ,c\ncil h only met once1 !re is n mu* ^u :i* !y c report4 ,9 accordance ) ! resolution adopt$ at ! la/ meet+1 circul>s invit+ practition]s 9 ! ,midl& ,di/rict to jo9 ! ,association1 7 issu$ to e "n on ! ,regi/]4 ,up to ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 ! ,secret>y _h enroll$ #cc memb]s & #f associates1 & s9ce t date !re h be5 six applications = memb]%ip1 five ( :i* ! ,c\ncil h ?is day admitt$1 viz41 ,messrs4 ,r4 ,rog]s1 ,*elt5ham2 ,t4 ,c4 ,p>son1 ,clifton1 ,bri/ol2 ,t4 ,wormald1 ,oldham2 ,b4 ,l4 ,h>d+1 ,man*e/]2 ,w4 ,h4 ,ridge1 ,/af=d4 ,! election ( memb]s w be by ballot1 at ! ,c\ncil meet+ foll[+ ! date ( application1 & ! vote ( two-?irds ( ^? pres5t1 w be necess>y to ensure election4 ,a book has be5 provid$ = ! entry ( names ( memb]s att5d+ ! meet+s1 & y\r ,c\ncil h fur!r arrang$ = ! admission ( visitors1 ea* memb] hav+ ! privilege to admit two visitors1 ^: names & addresses %\ld be ent]$ 9 a column provid$ = ! purpose4 ,! ,c\ncil h nom9at$ ,mr ,major ,/ew>t ( ,liv]pool1 z fir/ ,vice-,presid5t ( ! bran*1 & !y recomm5d t ! ,annual ,meet+ 9 ,april next be held 9 ,liv]pool4 ,an analysis ( ! ,d5ti/s ,regi/] %ews t #a1djj names h be5 enroll$1 ( g5tlem5 engag$ 9 ! practice ( ,d5ti/ry1 9 ! ,midl& ,c\nties4 ,( ^!1 ab\t half are regi/]$ z practis+ 9 conjunction ) ph>macy1 & ( ^! la/1 a consid]able numb]--are names n to be f\nd 9 ! ,*emi/s' & ,druggi/s' ,directory4 ,"s difficulty is enc\nt]$ 9 attempts to v]ify cases ( incorrect regi/ration on acc\nt ( *anges ( resid5ces1 alt]ations or errors 9 spell+1 c41 ?is p]ta9s to bo? ! ,d5ti/s' & ,*emi/s' ,directory1 s t x is n easy to id5tify positively 9 all in/ances4 ,if g5tlem51 :o may be aw>e ( ! facts 9 any locality1 w\ld be at ! pa9s to collect !m1 & submit !m 9 a concise =m1 s z to furni% cle> & tru/wor?y evid5ce ( fraudul5t regi/ration1 x w\ld be ( great s]vice4 ,any "o practis+ ,d5ti/ry1 b :o is n on ! regi/]1 or anyone on ! regi/]1 :o c be %[n n to h be5 9 ! practice ( d5ti/ry at ! date ( ! ,act1 ^! are ! two k9ds ( error x is desirable to expose4 ,x ne$ sc>cely be /at$ t an increase ( memb]s1 bo? ( ! ,c5tral ,association1 & its sep>ate bran*es1 is absolutely necess>y to enable ! ,executive to c>ry out ! provisions ( ! ,act1 & !re is little d\bt t ) mod]ate ef=t1 we may all succe$ 9 induc+ o!rs to jo94 ,! ,association is de/9$ to repres5t ! pr(ession 9 ! future1 & x is our bus9ess to make its repres5tative "* a liv+ reality1 & n a m]e empty "n4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,crapp] 7,hanley71 mov$ ! adoption ( ! report4 ,x 0 second$ by ,mr4 ,headridge 7,man*e/]71 & c>ri$4 ,mr4 ,major ,,/ew>t1 ( ,liv]pool1 said t z 8 "n _h be5 m5tion$ 9 ! report1 he begg$ to ?ank !m = ! hon\r !y _h conf]r$ on him by elect+ him ,vice-,presid5t ( ! bran*4 ,he ?ank$ !m1 on behalf ( 8 bre?r5 9 ,liv]pool1 = ! hon\r ! ,society _h conf]r$ on !m4 ,,! ,,presid5t',s ,,address4 ,! ,,presid5t !n deliv]$ 8 address1 & said3-- ,g5tlem51--,x is my pleas+ duty 9 ! fir/ place to ?ank y1 n only = ! k9dness y h %[n 9 elect+ me to ! responsible position ( ,presid5t ( y\r ,bran*1 b also = hav+ giv5 me ! hon\r ( be+ ! ,fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,fir/ ,bran* ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association4 ,i ne$ sc>cely say t ! fact ( our meet+ "h to-day z we are n[ do+ is a subject = congratulation1 & ! pres5ce ( s _m1 & ! di/ance "s ( y h come1 proves ! int]e/ y take 9 ! great movem5t ( ! day1 :i* has call$ into exi/5ce ! c5tral ,society ( :i* we n[ =m a bran*4 ,e new movem5t is sure to give rise to m or less excitem5t & sometimes to great expectations1 & ,i mu/1 !re=e1 beg1 fir/ = myself1 y\r k9d =be>ance = my num]\s %ortcom+s1 ( :i* ,i am only too consci\s2 & secondly1 = y\r society ,i mu/ also ask y\r k9d consid]ation1 if at ! fir/ x seems to y sc>cely to come up to ! high /&>d ( y\r anticipations1 reque/+ y to rememb] t x is /ill 9 its infancy1 t x has comm5c$ its exi/5ce "u difficulties1 & ,i regret to say1 n )\t "s opposition4 ,x w1 !re=e1 require c>e & en]gy1 n only on ! "p ( ! ,executive body1 b also 9 ea* individual memb]1 to br+ x to t /ate ( maturity we all are anxi\s to see x atta94 ,i feel c]ta9 f y\r pres5ce "h to-day t y h ! int]e/ ( ! ,society at he>t1 b ,i v5ture to rem9d y t ! simply feel+ an int]e/ 9 a ?+ is n suffici5t 9 itself to comm& success4 ,t is a result :i* requires1 especially 9 ^! days1 bo? en]gy & lab\r1 & we mu/ nev] =get t our future position & progress z a ,society1 w ma9ly dep5d on our own individual ef=ts1 s9ce we are ea* ( u an individual unit1 ! aggregate ( :i* units =ms ! ,society itself4 ,x w\ld be natural = y to expect 9 ?is1 ! fir/ introductory pap]1 a hi/ory ( ! orig9 & objects ( ! ,society1 b ^! 7 s ably treat$ ( by ! wor?y ,secret>y ( ! ,society on 8 visit to ,man*e/]1 & s _m ( y 7 pres5t at ! ,london meet+s1 & s mu* has be5 already writt5 on ! subject1 t x w\ld n only be sup]flu\s b also presumptu\s = me to attempt :at has already be5 done by o!rs s mu* m compet5t ?an myself1 & ,i am !re=e depriv$ ( :at w\ld h be5 an int]e/+ topic = an address2 b al?\gh ! pa/ & ! pres5t h ?us be5 tak5 f me1 !re /ill rema9s ! future2 & z ,i hope t 9 t future our ,midl& bran* w ultimately =m a n unimportant unit1 ,i w !re=e re/rict :at ,i h to say ma9ly to ! subject ( ! bran* itself1 & 9 do+ s mu/ crave y\r k9d indulg5ce = ! _m imp]fections 9 my ef=ts1 urg+ z my excuse ! little "t t num]\s pr(essional & o!r engagem5ts leave at my disposal4 ,"h1 ,i ?9k1 we may congratulate ourselves1 t we exi/ z a bran* ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association & n z an indep5d5t ,society1 = ,i am sure we all feel t ! s*eme = ! elevation ( our pr(ession to its prop] position1 :i* t ,society has be5 =m$ to promote1 has be5 mo/ judici\sly plann$1 & has ?us f> be5 mo/ effici5tly c>ri$ out--a s*eme1 :i* :il/ x 9 no way disc\rages ! atta9m5t ( ! high] qualification ( full memb]%ip ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,surgeons1 9 ^? :o are anxi\s to di/+ui% !mselves1 & possess ! means & opportunity = s do+1 provides an effici5t education 9 all ^? sci5tific & practical subjects :i* x is necess>y = a ,d5ti/ to "k1 & by means ( ! ,d5tal ,diploma1 af=ds ! public a gu>antee t ! possessor ( t diploma has pass$ ?r\gh a curriculum ( su* a /&>d z fully to qualify him = ! practice ( ! bran* ( surg]y :i* he pr(esses4 ,nor mu/ we all[ to pass unnotic$ ! utt] unselfi%ness ( its promot]s1 :o lab\r$ out ( pure love = _! pr(ession1 kn[+ t !y c\ld nev] expect to see ! good result ( _! lab\rs 9 _! lifetime1 unlike ! man :o is said to h rem>k$ t he nev] c\ld see ! good po/]ity _h done = him t he ne$ tr\ble himself ab\t po/]ity3 & z 0 ! case ) _m ( ^? gr& memorials ( ! lov+ zeal & devotion ( our ance/ors1 ^? noble ca!drals ) :i* s _m p>ts ( our c\ntry are adorn$1 "o g5]ation 0 satisfi$ if !y 7 able to lay ! f\ndations & 7 p]mitt$ to see "s portion ( ! sup]/ructure erect$ dur+ _! lifetime1 s 9 l mann]1 we mu/ wait & n be disc\rag$ if we are unable to see ! full developm5t ( ! pres5t movem5t1 b %\ld consid] x a privilege to be p]mitt$ to assi/ 9 h[ev] humble a degree1 9 tak+ "p 9 :at we fondly & reasonably hope w prove ! =mation ( a gr& future = our bran* ( surg]y4 ,to our ,secret>y & ,treasur] are due1 ,i believe1 ! cr$it ( hav+ orig9at$ ! bran*1 & ,i take ?is opportunity ( say+ t ,i am unable 9 any way to claim a portion ( t cr$it = myself1 = ,i ga!r f a lett] 9 "o ( ! j\rnals1 t ,i 0 n only believ$ to h be5 "o ( ! promot]s1 b t ,i 0 ?\ght to h be5 guilty ( an act ( disc\rtesy 9 :at ,i _h done1 or r 9 :at ,i _h n done4 ,i knew no?+ ( ! project till ,i receiv$ a pr9t$ circul> invit+ my co-op]ation1 & x 0 n till aft] ! lapse ( _m weeks t ,i f\nd myself able to jo9 9 ! s*eme4 ,! promot]s work$ h>d 9 draft+ ! bye-laws & arrang+ ! o!r necess>y prelim9>ies1 b ,i am sure ,i may say = !m t !y feel amply rew>d$ by see+ _! pet *ild1 ov] :i* !y h lab\r$ s long1 fully recognis$ z a legitimate (fspr+ ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association4 ,! objects ( ! bran*1 y see by ! bye-laws1 are f\rfold3-- #a4 ,to r5d] assi/ance1 z f> z possible1 9 c>ry+ out ! provisions ( ! ,d5ti/s ,act4 #b4 ,! g5]al consid]ation ( subjects affect+ ! int]e/s ( ! pr(ession4 #c4 ,! read+ & discussion ( pap]s on ,d5tal ,surg]y & ,me*anics4 #d4 ,! cultivation ( a g5]\s pr(essional _s among/ practition]s ?r\gh\t ! di/rict4 ,) respect to ! fir/ object1 ,i ?9k ! purport ( ! ,act is s cle> t x requires b few rem>ks f me4 ,x is impossible to draw any def9ite l9e :]e ! help ( an unqualifi$ p]son mu/ cease & t ( ! duly qualifi$ practition] comm5ce4 ,any "o :o dresses a w\nd or a bruise1 or r$uces a dislocation1 practises surg]y1 & no "o c\ld = a mom5t imag9e t a law w\ld ev] be pass$ to prev5t 8 do+ s2 & 9 l mann]1 we c\ld n expect t ! legislature w\ld ev] all[ ! draw+ ( a too? or any o!r simil> op]ation to be made a p5al action1 al?\gh ! p]son s do+ may be said to be practis+ ,d5ti/ry2 b z soon z any "o endeav\rs to make ! public believe he is a qualifi$ practition]1 by assum+ ! title ( ,d5ti/ or any o!r "n imply+ ! possession ( ! ,d5tal diploma1 s soon he becomes am5able to ! law2 ! act ?us gu>antee+ to ! public1 t = ! future1 any "o :o claims ! pr(essional title %all ( necessity h obta9$ ! necess>y qualification4 ,any p]son1 or any numb] ( p]sons1 :o may wi% to put ! act 9 =ce 9 any p>ticul> case c d s1 b be=e tak+ action x w be necess>y to obta9 ! sanction ( ! ,m$ical ,c\ncil4 ,?is at fir/ sight may seem to be an unnecess>y precaution1 yet ,i ?9k on fur!r consid]ation y w admit t x is a v wise provision1 z x entirely prev5ts ! possibility ( any "o be+ proce$$ aga9/ f p]sonal pique or any o!r improp] motive2 & if 9 any case x is ?\ght desirable t a p]son's "n %\ld be remov$ f ! regi/]1 all t is necess>y is to collect suffici5t reliable evid5ce1 & transmit x to ! c5tral bo>d 9 ,london1 :o w br+ ! matt] be=e ! ,m$ical ,c\ncil1 ! only body by :om su* action c be tak54 ,& 9 cases :]e ^! proce$+s may be necess>y1 ,i am sure !y c be c>ri$ out )\t e>n+ = ourselves ! opprobrium ( act+ z spies or pr(essional police1 :i* "s h already be5 will+ to assign to u4 ,) reg>d to ! second object ( ! ,society1 we mu/ all feel t ! int]e/s ( ! pr(ession w at times require ! c>eful consid]ation ( its memb]s1 & necessitate ! exi/5ce ( "s organis$ body :i* %all be able to act ) ! au?ority ( ! bulk ( its memb]s1 & = ?is1 no bett] s*eme c be devis$ ?an ! "o we are n[ s mu* int]e/$ 9--! =mation ( a c5tral society1 ) recognis$ bran*es 9 ! m di/ant p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 con/itut+ an organisation by :i* ! feel+ ( ! majority ( ! pr(ession may at any "t be asc]ta9$ on any "q t may arise be>+ on ! well be+ ( ! pr(ession4 ,9 ! ?ird object1 8,! read+ & discussion ( pap]s on ,d5tal ,surg]y & ,me*anics10 ! surg]y y w notice is plac$ fir/1 & ju/ly s1 z ! high] bran*2 ?\gh 9 e>ly times1 & ,i fe> ev5 to a m rec5t date1 ! ord] 9 importance 0 m frequ5tly rev]s$ 9 practice4 ,! m]e me*anical call+ ( =m] times--= 9 its infancy ,d5ti/ry 0 little else--has n[ be5 develop$ into a pr(ession & ga9$ admission )9 ! sacr$ portals ( ! ,college 9 ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields1 & x is = ! pres5t & future g5]ations to prove by ! ex]cise ( _! highe/ m5tal z well z me*anical faculties1 t ! pr(ession is wor?y ( ! position :i* has be5 accord$ to x4 ,x has be5 notic$ by ^? :o mo/ frequ5tly att5d ! meet+s ( our speciality1 t pap]s on me*anical subjects are m easily procur$1 & (t5 prove m attractive ?an ^? on surgical subjects1 b ?is w no d\bt become less z ! educational facilities ( ! pres5t day are br\ght to be> m & m on ! :ole body ( ! pr(ession4 ,surely ! pres]vation ( ! natural organs is ( f> m importance & value to ! pati5t ?an ! sub/itution ( o!rs1 h[ev] effici5tly suppli$4 ,:at %\ld we ?9k ( ! surgeon :o all[$ himself to be det]r$ f direct+ all 8 en]gies to ! pres]vation & re/oration to heal?1 ( a diseas$ or injur$ limb1 by ! ?\ght t an artificial sub/itute c\ld be provid$ = x4 ,no6 ,no6 ,:atev] our politics may be let our surg]y be cons]vative4 ,f> be x f me to appe> to und]value any bran* ( my pr(ession1 = no "o c h be5 long 9 practice )\t hav+ exp]i5c$ ! well e>n$ gratification d]iv$ f notic+ ! relief f pa91 & 9 _m in/ances ! p]fect re/oration to heal?1 t foll[s ! sub/itution ( effici5t memb]s 9 ! place ( useless & diseas$ ones2 b f> great] is ! cr$it & high] ! appreciation ( ! pati5t1 :5 ! diseas$ natural organs !mselves c be pres]v$ & re/or$ to a /ate ( effici5cy2 & h[ great are ! facilities = s do+ 9 ! pres5t day1 comp>$ ) ! e>ly rem9isc5ces ( _m ( our old] bre?r54 ,all ( u :o 7 =tunate en\gh to he> ! int]e/+ pap] read be=e ! ,g5]al ,meet+ ( ! ,society 9 ,augu/ la/1 mu/ h be5 =cibly /ruck ) ! contra/ betwe5 ! paucity & quality ( ! in/rum5ts !re m5tion$1 & ! appliances ( ! pres5t day4 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! feel+s--,i might almo/ say ! bewild]m5t ( ! practition] !re9 describ$1 c\ld he h be5 transport$ into "o ( ! l>ge depts ) :i* we are s famili>4 ,! num]\s & beautifully adapt$ in/rum5ts = ! v>iety ( op]ations unkn[n 9 ^? days4 ,! admirably adju/$ =ces = ea* =m ( too?1 ! endless v>iety ( excavators & plugg]s1 ! wond]fully delicate n]ve extractors1 ! rubb] dam & its adju/m5ts1 ! saliva pump1 ! electric mallet1 ! improvem5t 9 our *airs1 & t greate/ ( all boons1 bo? to pati5t & op]ator1 ! ,morrison eng9e1 ! "n ( ! inv5tor ( :i* valuable in/rum5t1 ought to be indelibly inscrib$ 9 lett]s ( gold 9 ! ,ar*ives ( ,d5ti/ry1 to say no?+ ( ! application ( vulcanite & celluloid1 & ! _m +5i\s appliances = ! work%op4 ,surely ^! %\ld lead u to value ! b5efits we enjoy1 & tea* u to /rive to use !m to ! be/ ( our ability1 n influ5c$ by ! ?\ght ( self-glorification 9 attempt+ to surpass all o!rs1 9 ! p]=mance ( ?is or t brilliant op]ation1 b ev] rememb]+ t ! ultimate aim ( all our ef=ts %\ld be ! increas$ am\nt ( good :i* we are !reby enabl$ to accompli% = ! b5efit ( our suff]+ fell[-creatures4 ,al?\gh ! ,transactions ( ! ,odontological ,society conta9 a v volum9\s & valuable collection ( pap]s be>+ on "o speciality1 !re /ill rema9 num]\s subjects & modes ( op]at+ :i* may be made productive ( pr(itable discussion4 ,su* are ! replantation ( tee? n[ attract+ s mu* att5tion1 ! erosion ( ! surfaces ( ! tee? ( :i* s little is kn[n 9 ! pres5t day4 ,! v>i\s improvem5ts 9 ! mat]ials = fill+1 & among/ a v>iety ( subjects1 f> too num]\s to be m5tion$ "h1 ! />tl+ ann\ncem5t ( ! s-call$ ,new ,dep>ture ,cre$4 ,z ?is la/ is a subject :i* ,i ?9k we all feel greatly int]e/$ 91 & also be>s on ! bran* ( ,d5ti/ry :i* we are n[ consid]+1 ,i w v5ture a few rem>ks on "s ( ! articles ( ! accept$ & new dep>ture cre$s z tabulat$ 9 ! ,d5tal ,cosmos4 ,i am n aw>e t ! s-call$ accept$ cre$ has be5 ! recognis$ /&>d ( practice 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! doctr9e t gold1 & no?+ b gold1 %\ld be us$ = p]man5t fill+s1 has c]ta9ly be5 ext5sively promulgat$ by ^? ( our ,transatlantic bre?r5 :o h settl$ 9 ?is c\ntry2 & ,i _c b look ^u ?is new dep>ture1 z ! natural reaction :i* might be expect$ to foll[ ! ov] anxiety to build up l>ge adhesive gold fill+s1 on fragm5ts ( weak & (t5 disorganiz$ tee?1 totally unsuit$ = su* an op]ation2 b until ,i c see "s /rong] reason ?an has be5 hi!rto adduc$ by ! advocates ( ?is new dep>ture1 ,i mu/1 9 any case suitable = a good gold fill+1 confess my unwill+ness to ab&on = any o!r ( ! fill+s n[ 9 use1 a mat]ial t we "k f pa/ exp]i5ce is capable1 :5 judici\sly appli$1 ( pres]v+ & re/or+ to a /ate ( effici5cy1 9 "s cases = a p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s or ev5 = a mu* long] "t1 tee? :i* o!rwise w\ld h be5 lo/ 9 ab\t ! same numb] ( mon?s4 ,= ! effici5t use ( ?is mat]ial mu* mu/ ( c\rse dep5d on ! manipulative ability ( ! op]ator1 b x has (t5 seem$ to me a matt] ( d\bt1 :e!r1 9 ! case ( ^? l>ge adhesive gold fill+s1 ! pati5t has receiv$ an equival5t = ! t$i\s & necess>ily exp5sive op]ation t has be5 und]gone4 ,! *oice betwe5 cont\r fill+s & sep>ation ( ! tee? 9 ! case ( approximal cavities1 mu/1 ,i ?9k1 dep5d 9 a measure on ! aptitude & judgm5t ( ! op]ator1 s9ce ! two plans :5 successfully p]=m$1 may be made equally effici5t4 ,! latt] h[ev]--sep>ation--seems to af=d great] facilities = op]at+1 & also = cleanl9ess 9 ^? pati5ts :o are unable or unwill+ to devote ! "t & att5tion necess>y = t object4 ,! pr(ess$ incompatibility ( gold z a fill+ mat]ial ) too? bone1 seems to me to be at v>iance ) ! frequ5t success :i* we all mu/ h exp]i5c$1 9 ! use ( t fill+ 9 cavities on ! labial surface ( ! roots ( ! upp] incisors4 ,i m5tion ?is p>ticul> position z be+ easy ( access = op]at+1 & also z be+ "o :]e ! enamel1 too? bone1 gold1 & saliva1 are 9 con/ant contact ) ea* o!r4 ,9 ^? cases :]e ! success ( ! op]ation has n equall$ our expectations1 9 endeav\r+ to e/imate ! probable incompatibility ( ! fill+ mat]ial z a cause ( failure1 x is1 ,i ?9k1 necess>y to consid] :e!r 9 ! ord9>y op]ation = fill+1 ! :ole ( ! diseas$ d5t9e has be5 s ?or\ghly remov$1 z to admit ( its prov+ a satisfactory te/ case1 = ! microscope reveals to u a *ange 9 ! d5t9e 9 ! sides ( a decay$ cavity1 ev5 :5 x appe>s s\nd to ! eye1 & also to ! feel ( ! in/rum5t2 & 9 ^? portions ( ! m>g9 ( ! cavity :i* we und]cut = ! ret5tion ( ! fill+1 we h ! d5t9e n only d5ud$ ( its nutri5t cov]+1 ! p]io/eum1 b also depriv$ ( its nutrition f ! pulp by ! sev]ance ( ! tubes ( ! d5t9e1 & ! int]v5tion ( ! fill+ mat]ial1 & 9 ?is det]iorat$ condition1 9 all probability /ill expos$ to ! cont9u\s action ( ! same delet]i\s influ5ces 7:atev] !y may h be57 :i* fir/ caus$ ! decay2 & ,i _c b ?9k t ! failure :5 x occurs1 is 9 a great] measure due to ! above nam$ causes1 r ?an to ! incompatibility ( ! gold ) ! too? bone2 b ) all ! success t has att5d$ ! use ( gold = s _m ye>s1 we mu/ /ill1 ,i am sure1 be will+ to admit ! want ( a p]fect pla/ic fill+1 :i* %all be able to )/& ! friction ( ma/ication1 & also ! delet]i\s action ( ! fluids ( ! m\?4 ,! dictum t1 8a too? t c be s treat$ z to be satisfactorily fill$ ) any?+1 is wor? fill+10 is "o1 ,i ?9k1 t all :o value cons]vative surg]y mu/ readily agree )4 ,t 8unskilful & unscrupul\s ,d5ti/s fill ) t9 cov]$ ) gold1 !reby caus+ galvanic action1 pulpitis1 dea? ( ! pulp1 abscess1 & loss ( ! too?10 has c]ta9ly n be5 an accept$ cre$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 = ,i 0 e>ly taught ! use ( ?is mat]ial bo? alone1 & 9 comb9ation ) gold1 :5 ,i fir/ comm5c$ ! /udy ( my pr(ession ) ,mr4 ,%effield1 ( ,exet]1 & long exp]i5ce1 & ! ret5tion ( a t9 fill+ 9 my own m\?1 9 a p]fect condition = ov] five-&-tw5ty ye>s1 has fully prov$ to me ! value ( ?is metal4 ,:5 us$ 9 comb9ation ) gold1 & expos$ to contact ) ! fluids ( ! m\?1 x c]ta9ly und]goes a *emical *ange1 becom+ ne>ly black 9 col\r1 b )\t /a9+ ! too? z "s amalgams d2 x also becomes h>d]1 & cuts h>% l an amalgam fill+1 b ! *ange does n appe> to cause any alt]ation 9 its bulk1 or 9 any respect to int]f]e ) its effici5cy z a fill+1 nor h ,i ev] f\nd x produce any ( ! evils sugge/$ 9 ! cre$1 & ,i _c b ?9k t x w\ld be m us$1 7 x n = ! univ]sal prejudice t exi/s 9 ! m9d ( ! public 9 fav\r ( gold1 p>tly aris+ f ! magical *>m :i* resides 9 ! ^w gold1 & p>tly f ! no?+ b gold !ory 7if ,i may s call x71 :i* has be5 s l>gely spread by our ,am]ican bre?r54 ,t 8a fill+ may be ! be/ kn[n = a too? & yet leak badly10 seems a simple admission t 9 "s cases bad is ! be/ t we c d = !m4 ,if exp]i5ce has taught u any?+1 x c]ta9ly has prov$ t x is ! leak :i* does ! mis*ief2 & z 9 w>f>e no =tress is consid]$ /rong] ?an its weake/ "p1 s is x ) a too? t is fill$4 ,a small leak+ po9t w soon und]m9e ! fill+1 & prove its ru94 ,! /atem5t t 8gutta-p]*a prop]ly us$ is ! mo/ p]man5t fill+ mat]ial we possess10 mu/ make u wi% to "k ! mean+ ( ! words1 8prop]ly us$10 = ! rapidity ) :i* x we>s away1 9 any position 9 :i* x is subject$ to friction 9 ma/ication1 seems to me to prev5t ! possibility ( its ev] be+ p]man5t4 ,! =ce ( ! article :i* says t 8a poor gutta-p]*a fill+1 9 its prop] place1 is bett] ?an a good gold "o10 seems to dep5d on ! "q z to :at is ! prop] place = a gutta-p]*a fill+3 surely n ! place :]e we c ins]t a good gold plug1 if by 8good10 is meant "o t is n only solid1 b also suffici5tly tight to exclude all moi/ure f ! cavity4 ,x c]ta9ly is r />tl+ to he> f ! c\ntry f :i* h come ! sev]e/ criticisms on ! use & ! us]s ( amalgam fill+s1 ! admission t 8amalgam p] se1 is an excell5t fill+ mat]ial40 ,) amalgams1 z ) ! o!r pla/ic mat]ials1 a p]fect fill+ ( its k9d has yet to be discov]$1 = a measure ( unc]ta9ty seems to exi/ 9 all ( !m2 b z a pro( t an amalgam may make a good useful fill+1 ,i c say t ,i h se5 m ?an "o app>5tly 9 a p]fect condition aft] ?irty ye>s' we>1 & ,i _c b ?9k t mu* ( ! discr$it atta*+ to its use1 arises f its be+ ! fill+ we naturally h rec\rse to 9 all cases ( d\bt & difficulty4 ,t 8! use ( pla/ic fill+ mat]ial t5ds to l[] ! /&>d ( ,d5ti/ry1 !reby dim9i%+ its sph]e ( usefulness10 is sc>cely a fair way ( /at+ ! matt]4 ,! indiscrim9ate use ( !m w\ld c]ta9ly d s1 b ! judici\s selection ( !m 9 cases unsuit$ = ! use ( gold1 ne$ n necess>ily int]f]e ) ! acquirem5t ( ! manipulative ability necess>y = mak+ good gold fill+s1 nor is x desirable t x %\ld d s1 z ! p[] ( manipulation requir$ = ! successful use ( gold1 mu/ t5d to p]fect ! p[]s ( ! op]ator 9 ! use ( all pla/ic mat]ials1 & mu/ ?us ext5d ! sph]e ( usefulness ( t ,d5ti/ry :i* has = its /&>d ( excell5cy1 ability to save tee?4 ,"t has only p]mitt$ me v briefly to notice "s portions ( ?is new cre$1 to %[ t x conta9s mu* t might be productive ( pr(itable discussion1 b ,i ?9k f :at has be5 said1 we may reasonably conclude t ea* mat]ial has its own p>ticul> advantages1 & t until we are 9 possession ( a fill+ suitable = univ]sal application1 a judici\s selection is necess>y on ! "p ( ! op]ator 9 ea* p>ticul> case4 ,! f\r?1 & n ! lea/ important object ( ! society is 8! cultivation ( a g5]\s pr(essional _s among/ practition]s ?r\gh\t ! di/rict10 & to ?is ,i hope may be add$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole body ( ! pr(ession2 = ! k t we are bran*es ( "o c5tral society1 %\ld lead to a feel+ ( fell[%ip n only ) ! memb]s ( ! p>5t society1 b also ) ! memb]s ( ! o!r bran*es1 & surely x is n too mu* to hope1 t ) ! ext5sion ( ! ,society & its bran*es1 & ! feel+ ( pr(essional bro!rhood !reby eng5d]$1 we may see ! gradual increase ( t ,*ri/ian *>ity :i* 8?9ke? no evil10 & :i* w\ld scorn all attempts at self-exaltation1 by ! disp>agem5t ( ! ef=ts & qualifications ( a fell[ practition]1 :i* ,i fe> has be5 greatly enc\rag$ by ! isolation t has s long exi/$ 9 our speciality4 ,nor mu/ we omit to notice ! great b5efit to be d]iv$ f ! fri5dly discussion ( subjects 9 :i* we are all mutually int]e/$1 n only to ! pr(ession at l>ge1 b also to ea* "o individually1 = :i* ( u 9 8 e>ly days has n felt ! wi% t he _h ?\ght ( ?is or t o!r mode ( treatm5t 9 "s p>ticul> case2 & :at m likely to impress new ideas on ! memory1 or1 to use a famili> expression1 make u 8h !m at our f+]s' ends0 7! place :]e surely !y are want$ :5 op]at+71 ?an ! fri5dly discussion ( !m :i* x is "o ( ! objects ( our ,society to enc\rage8 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,we/]n bran* has held out to u ! h& ( fell[%ip1 :i* ,i am sure ,i ne$ n ask y\r p]mission to be all[$ to reciprocate mo/ fully--n only 9 ! wi% = _! future prosp]ity1 b also 9 ! assurance t any ( _! memb]s :o may h an opportunity ( att5d+ our meet+s1 w at all times receive t cordial welcome :i* x %\ld be our greate/ pleasure to ext5d to all ! memb]s ( our ,society & its bran*es1 ?us realiz+ "o ( ! great objects ( our ,association1 & prov+ n only by our words1 b also by our actions1 t we are anxi\s to enc\rage t pr(essional int]c\rse :i* mu/ t5d n only to our mutual b5efit1 b also to t ( ! community at l>ge2 & if1 z _! ,presid5t rem>k$1 x is a pleasure to !m to ?9k t 9 ! =mation ( our bran* we %[ 8! b5efits result+ f ! good example !y h set u10 x is no less a subject ( congratulation to u to "k t !y h at la/ recognis$ ! good :i* is likely to accrue1 bo? to !mselves & to ! pr(ession g5]ally1 by foll[+ our example1 & =m+ !mselves into a local bran* ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association4 ,& n[1 fe>+ t ,i h already trespass$ too long on y\r "t & =be>ance1 x only rema9s = me to ?ank y = ! k9d reception y h accord$ me1 & to express ! belief t1 al?\gh ! b>que :i* we h s successfully laun*$ w probably meet ) ! usual am\nt ( /orms & difficulties1 /ill ! old prov]bial 8long pull & a /rong pull & a pull all toge!r10 9 :i* y are s able & will+ to jo91 w c>ry x securely ?r\gh ! _m und]curr5ts & quicks&s :i* may ?reat5 x on its c\rse1 & secure :at we all s ard5tly hope =--a useful1 z well z a long & prosp]\s c>e]1 = ! ,midl& ,bran* ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,mahonie 7,%effield71 mov$ a vote ( ?anks to ! ,presid5t = 8 able & eloqu5t address1 & 9 do+ s1 said t :5 ! ,association 0 weak1 ,mr4 ,campion _h come to _! aid 9 a v c\rte\s mann]1 & !y 7 n[ ask$ to give him _! he>tie/ ?anks = ! pap] :i* !y _h j he>d read4 ,! pap] 0 "o :i* w\ld la/ m ?an a ye>4 ,x 0 v in/ructive1 & he 7,mr4 ,mahonie7 ?\ght t ,mr4 ,campion 0 em95tly capable ( giv+ !m in/ructions 9 ! way ( ,d5tal ,re=m4 ,he mov$ 8,t ! be/ ?anks ( ?is meet+ be giv5 to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,midl& ,c\nties ,bran* ( ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association1 = ! able & eloqu5t pap] :i* he _h j read40 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,nicol 7,le$s71 second$ ! motion 9 suitable t]ms4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,waite 9 support+ ! motion1 said t x 0 a v great privilege = !m to h su* a ,presid5t z !y _h 9 ,mr4 ,campion4 ,8 wisdom _h be5 ( great s]vice 9 sup]9t5d+ ! ef=ts :i* ! ,executive h _h to put =?4 ,!y _h be5 delight$ t morn+ ) ! int]e/+ & in/ructive address :i* ,mr4 ,campion _h giv5 !m1 b mo/ ( all ) ! v high & g5]\s tone t brea!d ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! address1 & he 7,dr4 ,waite7 ?\ght ,mr4 ,campion _h /ruck a key-note :i*1 :5 ! address came to be pr9t$1 w\ld vibrate n only ?r\gh\t ! ,midl& ,c\nties ( ,engl&1 b ?r\gh e c\ntry :]e ! ,d5tal pr(ession 0 c>ri$ on4 ,! motion 0 c>ri$ ) mu* en?usiasm1 & ! meet+ !n adj\rn$ till ! aft]noon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,memb]s assembl$ 9 ! ,memorial ,hall at #b4cj p4m41 ,mr4 ,campion 9 ! *air4 ,! ,,presid5t /at$ t "s idea _h be5 />t$ ( br++ specim5s to ! meet+1 & 9 ord] to %[ :at curiosities might be casually collect$1 he (f]$ a few specim5s to ! notice ( ! ,memb]s4 ,mr4 ,,r(f ,,k+1 ,%rewsbury1 !n read a pap] on 8,modell+ & ,modell+ ,composition40 ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,crapp] 7,hanley7 read a pap]1 entitl$ 8,new ,ideas 9 ,me*anical ,d5ti/ry10 & exhibit$ specim5s ( tee? :i* _h be5 manufactur$ by a new process & s5t to him to exhibit4 ,! ,,secret>y read a pap] receiv$ f ,mr4 ,f4 ,ri*>dson1 ,d]by--8,has ,vacc9ation any ,effect on ! ,deg5]ation ( ! ,tee?80 ,mr4 ,h4 ,,m>% 7,man*e/]7 read a pap] on ! 8,use ( ,nitr\s ,oxide ,gas40 ,mr4 ,,murphy desir$ to ask ! ,*airman :e!r ,lic5tiates 9 ,d5tal ,surg]y 7 legally responsible if a pati5t expir$ :il/ "u ! influ5ce ( ! nitr\s oxide gas1 or subsequ5tly to ! adm9i/ration4 ,9 ! discussion :i* foll[$1 !re appe>$ to be a unanim\s op9ion among/ ^? pres5t t ,lic5tiates 7 n responsible1 b t x w\ld be impossible to def9e su* a position4 ,! ,,secret>y read a lett] f ,mr4 ,kyan ( ,pre/on1 9 :i* t g5tleman express$ 8 regret at 8 inability to be pres5t1 & hop$ ! ,memb]s w\ld h a successful meet+4 ,mr4 ,,r5%aw mov$ a vote ( ?anks to ^? g5tlem5 :o _h furni%$ !m ) su* int]e/+ & in/ructive pap]s4 ,dr4 ,d4 ,a4 ,,wormald1 9 second+ ! resolution1 said !y c\ld1 ) a little en]gy & support1 make t ,society v successful1 & z a repres5tative body on behalf ( _! pr(ession 9 ! ,midl& ,c\nties1 !y c\ld ma9ta9 su* a position t x w\ld become an hon\r to belong to x4 ,! ,,*airman rem>k$ t x 0 no light "w to prep>e su* pap]s z !y _h he>d read2 mu* "t & tr\ble mu/ h be5 sp5t 9 ! dige/ ( ! v>i\s subjects4 ,he gave ! he>ty ?anks ( ! meet+ to ! contributors ( ^? pap]s4 ,! resolution 0 c>ri$ unanim\sly4 ,mr4 ,major ,,/ew>t propos$ a vote ( ?anks to ,mr4 ,campion = presid+4 ,mr4 ,,k+ second$ ! motion1 :i* 0 c>ri$ unanim\sly4 ,! ,,*airman 7,mr4 ,campion7 return$ 8 be/ ?anks = ! k9d reception & assi/ance ! ,memb]s _h r5d]$ him :il/ 9 ! *air4 ,,! ,,d9n]4 ,9 ! ev5+ a d9n] 0 held at ! ,que5's ,hotel1 ,mr4 ,campion presid+1 ,mr4 ,major ,/ew>t 9 ! vice-*air4 ,! ,,*airman propos$ ! heal? ( 8,! ,que5 & ! re/ ( ! ,royal ,family40 ,mr4 ,,mahonie !n gave a recitation f ,%akespe>e4 ,mr4 ,major ,,/ew>t 9 ris+ to propose ! toa/ ( ! ,presid5t ( ! bran* said--,x is my pleas+ duty z y\r ,vice-,presid5t to propose ?is toa/4 ,i f9d our wor?y ,*airman took 8 ,m4,r4,c4,s4 degree 9 #ahef1 ,i !re=e reg>d him z ! fa!r ( ! pr(ession 9 ?is di/rict ( ,engl&2 ^? :o 7 pres5t ?is morn+ he>d 8 inaugural address4 ,^? words 7 words ( wisdom1 & 7 address$ n only to ! old]1 b also to ! y\ng] memb]s ( our ,bran* ,association4 ,8 address w be read ) pleasure by memb]s ( our pr(ession 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica4 ,) reg>d to ! *airman%ip ( ?is bran*1 ,i ?9k x w\ld h be5 wise if ,mr4 ,campion _h be5 elect$ = ?ree ye>s1 until we 7 m consolidat$4 ,i am glad to see s _m memb]s f ?is di/rict pres5t ?is ev5+1 & w n[ conclude by ask+ y to dr9k a bump] to ! long life & successful c>e] ( our ,*airman4 ,! toa/ 0 accept$ mo/ loyally4 ,! ,,*airman 9 respond+ said1 g5tlem51 y mu/ h li/5$ to my voice suffici5tly to-day--?is is my la/ appe>ance be=e y ?is session4 ,our ,secret>y has promis$ to all[ me to enjoy myself1 otium cum dignitate1 aft] ,i h return$ my be/ ?anks4 ,x is ) great diffid5ce ,i respond to ?is toa/1 ,i really feel ! difficulty increas$ t5fold by ! k9d mann] 9 :i* y1 sir1 h propos$1 & my fri5ds accept$ ?is toa/4 ,"o ^w 9 reg>d to sub-bran*es--,i c see no reason :y su* l>ge t[ns z ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] %\ld n e/abli% sub-bran*es2 frequ5t meet+s1 say once a mon?1 c\ld be held = an ex*ange ( ?\ghts & me?ods ( op]ation 9 our dep>tm5t ( ,surg]y1 9 :i* we are all int]e/$2 s con/itut$1 !y w\ld be private societies1 to :i* any memb] ( our bran* might be admitt$4 ,! great ev5t ( ! next ye> w be ! meet+ ( ! ,int]national ,m$ical ,congress1 held 9 ,london dur+ ,augu/4 ,?is ,congress has held its meet+s e alt]nate ye> = ! la/ twelve ye>s4 ,! ,london memb]s ( ! ,m$ical pr(ession h tak5 x up v w>mly1 & are mak+ prep>ations1 :i* mu/ result 9 giv+ ! ,congress su* a reception z w be wor?y ( our capital4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,d5tal section is ,mr4 ,edw9 ,saund]s1 :il/ ! ,vice-,presid5ts are ,mr4 ,john ,tomes1 & ,mr4 ,sp5ce ,bate1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,s4 ,tomes acts z ,secret>y1 to all ( :om we are mu* indebt$ = _! untir+ ef=ts 9 rais+ our dep>tm5t ( ,surg]y to its pres5t position4 ,i tru/ t our bran* w be well repres5t$ at ?is ,congress4 ,ano!r subject ,i w broa* is ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,d5tal ,s*ool 9 ,man*e/]4 ,if su* a s*ool is =m$ x %\ld be 9 conc]t ) ! ,man*e/] ,m$ical ,s*ool at ! ,new ,victoria ,univ]sity4 ,:5 ! *>t] 0 fir/ grant$ = ! =mation ( a univ]sity1 a m$ical s*ool 0 n includ$1 b !re appe>s v little d\bt t 9 ! c\rse ( "t su* s*ool w be e/abli%$2 let u !n wait pati5tly until we c ?or\ghly & effici5tly c>ry out su* an und]tak+4 ,i am sorry ,i _c introduce y to a ,d5tal hospital2 ?is is to be deplor$1 m especially z we took a prom95t "p 9 ,d5tal re=m = ! good ( ,d5tal practition]s4 ,if y\ng] & m able m5 w comm5ce ! "w1 !y %all receive my he>tie/ support & co-op]ation4 ,i mu/ n[ conclude by express+ regret t ,i h n ! gift ( spee*1 t ,i might expla9 to y ! w>m feel+s ,i h 9 reg>d to ! reception y h giv5 me1 & ! k9d mann] 9 :i* y h drunk my heal?4 ,dr4 ,d4 ,a4 ,,wormald sang 8,! ,sp9n+ ,:eel40 ,dr4 ,,wormald1 9 propos+ 8,! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association10 said3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 & g5tlem51 ?is toa/ is "o1 ,i am sure1 y w dr9k ) ! utmo/ cordiality4 ,^? :o sit r\nd ?is bo>d1 & h tak5 a "p dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s 9 ! politics ( our pr(ession1 mu/ exp]i5ce a feel+ ( congratulation t we are able to meet to-night1 & realize ! fact t at la/ we occupy a recogniz$ position4 ,we ne$ re-organization1 & we ne$ a c5tral body1 & ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association is t recogniz$ body1 & dem&s our support & assi/ance4 ,well1 jo9 t ,association1 & d :at y c to lift up ! pr(ession f ! l[ level 9 :i* we h be5 plac$1 & raise x to a mu* high] level4 ,we ne$1 z y\r ,presid5t s k9dly put x ?is aft]noon1 a high] pr(essional tone1 & a m g5]\s feel+ t[>ds our bre?r52 & t c only be obta9$ by com+ m & m 9 contact ) ea* o!r1 & ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( su* an organization z ?is we are met to comm5ce1 :i* w assi/ 9 plac+ our pr(ession 9 a position :i* x %\ld long ago h occupi$4 ,_m ( ^? :o are n[ 9 our ranks may n see ! full result ( our lab\rs1 b dep5d ^u ?is1 t our lab\rs w be recognis$ 9 ! great diff]5ce :i* w %[ itself m & m 9 ?is c\ntry betwe5 ^? :o are wor?ily foll[+ _! call+1 & ^? :o indulge 9 non-pr(essional practices4 ,! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association w become /rong & durable1 & !n we may be sure t "u ! wisdom & ! guidance ( ^? :o h pilot$ our /eps s f>1 we may safely foll[ !m :]ev] !y lead1 & s lay a f\ndation ^u :i* ! ris+ g5]ation may build up _! pr(essional c>e]1 & help to raise ! /atus ( our pr(ession4 ,t pr(ession is wor?y ( all ! "t & att5tion t any hon\rable g5tleman w give x1 if he w foll[ 8 call+ wor?ily1 & s]v+ ! int]e/s ( a suff]+ public4 ,9 connection ) ?is toa/1 ,mr4 ,*airman1 my fri5d ,dr4 ,waite1 w h ! pleasure ( respond+1 & ,i h ! greate/ pleasure 9 c\pl+ 8 "n ) x4 ,dr4 ,,waite respond+1 said1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,mr4 ,vice-,presid5t1 & g5tlem51 x is to me bo? a pleasure & a pride to be p]mitt$ to respond to ! toa/ ( ! 8,briti% ,d5tal ,association40 ,i am n mu* ( a believ] 9 po/-pr&ial oratory4 ,! p]iod ( repl5i%m5t = ! physical en]gies1 %\ld be a p]iod ( repose = ! en]gies intellectual1 or p]haps bett] /ill1 a "t ( refre%m5t1 by agreeable & amus+ conv]sation4 ,t ,engli%m5 %\ld be fond ( d9+ toge!r1 is natural & *>act]i/ic2 t !y %\ld be almo/ equally prone to aft] d9n] spee*ify+ is some:at surpris+4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 :5 ! usages impos$ by cu/om c be obs]v$1 )\t mak+ a too s]i\s dem& ^u our dr[sy p[]s1 & =tunately we h a condition ( ?+s exi/+ at ! pres5t "t :i*1 :5 fairly e/imat$1 is calculat$ to awak5 agreeable reflections1 & inspire u ) salut>y hopes4 ,)9 ! %ort space ( five ye>s1 ev5ts h occurr$ ) a/oni%+ rapidity1 t h sub/antially & p]man5tly alt]$ ! position ( ! ,d5tal pr(ession1 n alone 9 its relation to ! g5]al public1 b also 9 its int]nal organisation1 & ! mutual relation ( individuals to ! :ole body4 ,^! ev5ts may be classifi$ 9 ?ree di/9ct items1 & 9 ea* we %all f9d elem5ts ( progress l>gely prepond]at+4 ,fir/ ( all1 mo/ ( y w recall ! feel+ :i* prevail$ :5 ! idea ( obta9+ an ,act ( ,p>liam5t 0 invok$ at ! ,man*e/] meet+ ( #ahge--;x 0 n reg>d$ exactly z an utopian idea1 b c]ta9ly we felt x to be some?+ almo/ too good to hope =4 ,well1 9 less ?an ?ree ye>s f t "t ! ,d5ti/s ,act 0 pass$1 & n[1 aft] two ye>s exp]i5ce & consid]ation1 we are able to discov] :at x is we h obta9$1 ?\gh x is all too soon z yet1 to realise 7except v p>tially7 ! practical b5efits ! ,act is de/9$ to conf]4 ,?is mu*1 h[ev]1 we "k4 ,we h a legal /atus4 ,we h legal rights & privileges4 ,we are admitt$ to ! fell[%ip ( ! hon\rable & le>n$ pr(essions4 ,^! ?ree po9ts are assur$1 & we %\ld see to x1 t we int]pose no b>ri] ( pr(essional "* or conduct betwe5 ourselves & ! privileges our ,act be/[s4 ,we "k1 moreov]1 t !re are secur$ = ^? :o w come aft] u1 m sub/antial b5efits ( education1 ( practice1 ( public appreciation1 su* z none ( u h be5 p]mitt$ to enjoy4 ,?is is ! *>act]i/ic feature ( ! ,d5ti/s ,act4 ,its noble/ provisions are = po/]ity4 ,no *ange1 nor circum/ance1 c deprive any :o h assi/$ 9 pass+ ?is ,act1 ( ! pure satisfaction ( kn[+ t !y h help$ to h& on ! pr(ession ( ,d5tal ,surg]y 9 a f> bett] condition ?an t 9 :i* !y receiv$ x4 ,_m h contribut$ 9 v>i\s ways1 ^: %>e 9 ! "w w be =gott51 b ! "w rema9s4 ,id5tifi$ ) ! :ole ( ! movem5t1 ! names ( ,tomes & ,turn] w be pres]v$ & rev]$ = _m1 _m ye>s1 yet )al ! abundant reasons = p]sonal gratification :i* ^? g5tlem5 h1 ,i am sure !y rejoice a ?\s& fold m ov] ! results a*iev$1 ?an !y d at any hon\r or advantage accru+ to !mselves4 ,take x z x /&s1 ackn[l$g+ its few imp]fections1 & recognis+ its _m decid$ b5efits1 we h z good an ,act z we _h any "r to expect1 & z good z x 0 possible = u to get4 ,"o ( ! h9drances to ,d5tal advancem5t has hi!rto be5 ! sc>city ( educational facilities1 & ! small proportion ( practition]s :o possess$ any ,d5tal qualification4 ,at ! "t to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made1 !re 7 only "s #cjj g5tlem5 9 ! :ole ( ,great ,brita9 :o held a ,d5tal diploma4 ,!re 0 only "o lic5s+ body 9 ! c\ntry :i* grant$ ,d5tal c]tificates4 ,n[ we h #fcj g5tlem5 hold+ recognis$ ,d5tal qualifications1 viz41 ( ,london ab\t #djj1 ,ed9burgh #af1 ,dubl9 #ahj1 ,glasg[ #cc1 & ! ?ree la/ m5tion$ bodies are (f]+ to g5tlem5 9 practice1 ! opportunity ( exam9ation1 s9e curriculo1 ^u ?or\ghly reasonable & accessible t]ms4 ,n only s1 ! ,colleges ( ,irel& & ,scotl& h caus$ _! c]tificates to possess a peculi> value1 9 ! c>eful provision !y h made1 = prev5t+ unpr(essional practices on ! "p ( _! lic5tiates4 ,i am c]ta9ly a/oni%$ t ! numb] ( practition]s :o h already avail$ !mselves ( ^! facilities is s small4 ,i "k t ?is matt] ( obta9+ a ,qualification is reg>d$ v>i\sly by diff]5t p]sons1 b no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an ! gr[+ t5d5cy t[>d accr$it$ qualification z indisp5sable to pr(essional /atus2 ! public are rapidly becom+ aw>e 7& x is our bus9ess to educate ! public 9 ?is matt]7 t ! op]ations ( ,d5tal ,surg]y _c be safely entru/$ to un$ucat$ heads or h&s1 & z a gu>antee ( some?+ l ! necess>y k & skill1 ! public are beg9n+ to und]/& ! value ( a purely ,d5tal ,qualification4 ,! l>g] ! numb] ( ,lic5tiates ! m quickly ! public w be taught1 & ere long ! unqualifi$ ,d5ti/ w become a m]e hi/oric fact4 ,! all important feature ( rec5t progress is ! ,briti% ,d5tal ,association4 ,! ,d5tal body has be5 afflict$ ) inh]5t weakness ?r\gh ! want ( organisation1 a weakness t p>alyses1 & at ! same "t1 a weakness end[$ ) rem>kable p[]1 ! p[] ( successfully defeat+ ef=ts t[>d g5]al re=mation4 ,s long z we 7 isolat$ & deta*$ x is n wond]ful t we 7 selfi% & afraid ( "o ano!r1 b a new era has dawn$4 ,we h an ,association to :i* all are eligible1 :]e all c meet on ! common gr\nd ( pr(essional bro!rhood & int]c\rse4 ,! control ( ! ,association1 embrac+ ! future welf>e ( ! :ole body1 is committ$ to a ,bo>d con/itut$ on a repres5tative basis4 ,none ne$ be exclud$ f p>ticipation1 save by _! own pov]ty ( pr(essional _s1 a pov]ty exhibit$ alike by p]si/5t rec\rse to unpr(essional practice1 & by selfi% indiff]5ce to pr(essional politics4 ,!re may be a k9d ( sup]iority 9 hav+ a l>ge practice1 or 9 hold+ a high sci5tific position1 b unless ,i am greatly mi/ak5 ! true sup]iority is t :i* ov]leaps all selfi% consid]ations1 & delights 9 consecrat+ :atev] p[] or position we may h to ! elevation & improvem5t ( ! :ole pr(ession4 ,?ank ,god we h m5 :o h be5 inspir$ ) a l>ge measure ( true pr(essional _s4 ,m5 :o c\ld ?9k = !mselves & hold _! own op9ions1 b :o at ! same "t h be5 l>ge-he>t$ en\gh to m]ge m9or diff]5ces 9 ! pursuit ( "o gr& object4 ,su* m5 z ,edw9 ,saund]s1 ,john ,tomes1 ,j4 ,smi?-,turn]1 ,t4 ,a4 ,rog]s1 ,a4 ,coleman1 ,dr4 ,walk]1 our e/eem$ ,presid5t1 & _m o!rs1 /& =? z examples ( true z di/9ct f %am sup]iority4 ,! facilities n[ af=d$ by our sep>ate bran*es h remov$ ! excuse s (t5 urg$ :5 all ! meet+s took place 9 ,london1 & !re is practically no ob/acle to our spe$y improvem5t4 ,we possess advantages ( a political nature q equal to ^? exi/+ 9 any k9dr$ pr(ession4 ,^! are ! b>e facts ( ! pres5t "t2 !y furni% mat]ial = mu* ?ankfulness & = *e]ful anticipation4 ,!y are ! f\ndation on :i* our future mu/ be erect$4 ,:at t future is to be dep5ds on :at we mean to be4 ,! scaffold+ is up1 ! mat]ials are ready4 ,will+ he>ts & will+ h&s are ne$$ to complete ! edifice4 ,!re is a sublime pr9ciple work+ ?r\gh ! :ole human family1 ! op]ation ( :i* no individual c )/&4 ,x 0 =mulat$ by ! ,f\nd] ( ! gr&e/ sy/em ! _w has ev] kn[n1 & ?is is ! =mula-- 8,:osoev] w\ld be *ief among y1 let him be y\r s]vant40 ,mr4 ,,mahonie1 9 propos+ ! toa/ ( 8,sir ,john ,lubbock1 & ! promot]s ( ! ,d5ti/s ,act10 said3--,no words ( m9e c add additional lu/re to ! names--,sir ,john ,lubbock1 ,mr4 ,john ,tomes1 ,mr4 ,james ,smi? ,turn]4 ,^! m5 h e>n$ a "n = !mselves :i* nei!r crayons nor oils--n ev5 if !y 7 plac$ 9 ca!dral aisles--c\ld add m2 ^! m5 h lab\r$ mu*--lab\r$ h>d2 ,i beg to propose _! heal?4 ,capta9 ,,rog]s1 9 respond+1 spoke ( ! great triumph ,sir ,john ,lubbock _h accompli%$ 9 pass+ ,bills connect$ ) sci5ce1 ?is ,p>liam5t4 ,he _h great pleasure 9 ?ank+ !m = ! he>ty mann] 9 :i* !y _h receiv$ ! names ( ^! g5tlem5 connect$ ) ,d5tal ,re=m4 ,mr ,t ,,murphy 9 propos+ ! 8,man*e/] ,s*ool ( ,m$ic9e0 said3--,i h _h put into my h&s a toa/ to propose1 :i* is s intimately connect$ ) our bran* ( ! pr(ession1 t x w require no eulogy on my "p = x to be receiv$ ) acclamation1 ,i mean ! ,man*e/] ,royal ,s*ool ( ,m$ic9e4 ,p]haps x w n be out ( place if ,i give y a %ort outl9e ( its hi/ory4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by ! late ,mr4 ,t4 ,turn] 9 ! ye> #ahbd2 x 0 kn[n = _m ye>s z ! ,p9e ,/reet ,s*ool4 ,9 #ahej a second s*ool 0 e/abli%$1 & be+ connect$ z ,i !n 0 ) a hospital 9 ?is city1 ,i c well rememb] ! jeal\sy !re 0 ab\t ! subjects t 7 s5t out2 fir/ "o s*ool & !n ano!r compla9+ t !y 7 n gett+ _! fair %>e1 & ,i mu/ admit t ! lean+ 0 t[>ds ! old s*ool1 :i* ,i ?9k got1 on ! :ole1 r m ?an its %>e4 ,9 #aheh ! f\nd]s ( ! rival s*ools came to ! conclusion t ! int]e/s ( ! /ud5ts w\ld be be/ promot$ by an amalgamation1 =gett+ _! diff]5ces & work+ toge!r = ! common weal4 ,9 ?is way1 f ! ,union ( ! ,p9e ,/reet & ,*a?am ,/reet ,s*ools1 t s*ool arose :i* has be5 long kn[n z ! ,man*e/] ,s*ool ( ,m$ic9e4 ,= sixte5 ye>s ! "w 0 c>ri$ on 9 ,faulkd5 ,/reet ) difficulty bo? ) reg>d to accommodation & light4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahgb1 a meet+ ( ! ,ow5's ,college au?orities met ! lead+ ,memb]s ( ! m$ical /aff1 & x 0 agre$ t x w\ld be = ! welf>e ( ! ,s*ool if x 7 h&$ ov] to ! ,ow5's ,college au?orities4 ,! result has be5 ! erection ( "o ( ! f9e/ ,m$ical ,s*ools 9 ! k+dom1 replete ) ev]y?+ necess>y = ! /udy ( m$ic9e4 ,! c\rse ( in/ruction n only enables /ud5ts to qualify = ,college & ,hall1 b af=ds ! m aspir+ e facility = qualify+ !mselves = ! high] di/9ctions ( _! pr(ession4 ,:5 ,i m5tion ! names ( ,turn]1 ,jordan1 ,wilson1 ,smi?1 ,wilk9son1 ,bradley1 ,s\?am1 & la/1 b n lea/1 ! celebrat$ ,dalton1 & o!rs1 :o h gone2 ,gamgee1 ,watson1 ,williamson1 ,roscoe1 ,rob]ts1 ,morgan1 ,lund1 ,simpson1 ,ransome1 & o!r able m51 :o are at pres5t at ! helm1 c !re be a d\bt ab\t ! quality ( ! education giv58 &1 9 conclusion1 is x too mu* to ask t be=e long we %\ld h e/abli%$ 9 ?is city1 & 9 connection ) ! ,victoria ,univ]sity1 a ,d5tal ,s*ool :]e we c s5d our sons to receive at ! h&s ( ^! able m5 ! necess>y tra9+ to fit !m = ! practice ( ,d5ti/ry4 ,mr4 ,,m>% return$ ?anks = ! toa/2 he tru/$ "s day ,mr4 ,campion w\ld be appo9t$ ,consult+ ,d5tal ,surgeon to ! ,man*e/] ,s*ool ( ,m$ic9e4 ,dr4 ,,waite propos$ 8,success to ! ,we/]n ,c\nties ,association10 c\pl+ ) x ! "n ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,p>son1 ( ,clifton4 ,mr4 ,,p>son hav+ respond$1 ! proce$+s t]m9at$4 ,correspond5ce4 ,we d n hold ourselves responsible = ! views express$ by our ,correspond5ts4 ,,mr4 ,,sewill ,,on ,,d5tal ,,c>ies4 ,,to ,,! ,,editors ,,( ,,! 8,,mon?ly ,,review ,,( ,,d5tal ,,surg]y40 ,,sirs1--,:ile ?ank+ y = y\r c\rte\s notice ( my contribution to ! second edition ( ,dr4 ,fo!rgill's "w1 p]mit me to po9t out t my contribution 0 n int5d$ z an exhau/ive discussion ( ! subject ( d5tal c>ies4 ,i 0 ask$ to write only ^u ! 8,hygi5e ( ! ,tee?10 & to indicate to ! m$ical practition] ! means available = ! prev5tion ( d5tal disease4 ,9 accordance ) ! s*eme ( ! "w x 0 requisite to expla9 ! etiology & pa?ology ( c>ies 9 ord] to make cle> ! rationale ( treatm5t1 & !re=e1 ) brevity consi/5t ) ! limit$ space at my disposal1 ,i did s1 adopt+ ma9ly :at is t]m$ ! 8*emical0 !ory ( ! disease4 ,?is view1 z y rem>k1 is c]ta9ly 8!oretical10 b ,i v5ture to say x approa*es z ne>ly to demon/ration z ne$ be4 ,i c]ta9ly d n hesitate to accept x z fact1 & ,i felt m b\nd to adopt x 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 see+1 at lea/1 t ^u ?is !ory bo? ! prophylaxis ( c>ies z well z our treatm5t ( ! disease seem bas$4 ,i %\ld be glad to see a discussion ( ! subject />t$ 9 y\r columns or at ! ,odontological ,society4 #f1 ,wimpole ,/reet1 ,y\rs fai?fully1 ,septemb] #cj?1 #ahhj4 ,,h5ry ,,sewill4 ,birm+ham ,d5tal ,hospital1 ,broad ,/reet4 ,consult+ ,physician4--,james ,sawy]1 ,m4,d41 ,lond41 ,m4,r4,c4,p41 ,physician to ! ,que5's ,hospital4 ,consult+ ,surgeon4--,james ,we/1 ,f4,r4,c4,s41 ,s5ior ,surgeon to ! ,que5's ,hospital4 ,consult+ ,d5ti/s4--,?omas ,h4 ,engli%1 ,adams ,p>kes1 ,l4,d4,s4,eng4 ,surgeon ,*lor(ormi/4--,f4 ,h4 ,mab]ley1 ,m4,r4,c4,s4 ,d5tal ,surgeons4--,*>les ,sims1 ,l4,d4,s4,eng41 ,w$nesdays2 ,h4 ,brew>d ,neale1 ,l4,d4,s4,i41 ,tuesdays & ,?ursdays2 ,f4 ,h4 ,bat*elor1 ,l4,d4,s4,i41 ,mondays & ,fridays2 ,f4 ,e4 ,huxley1 ,m4,r4,c4,s4,eng41 ,l4,d4,s4 ,ed942 ,saturdays4 ,hon4 ,treasur]4--,w4 ,udal1 ,esq4 ,bank]s4--,lloyd's ,bank+ ,company1 ,high ,/reet4 ,hon4 ,sec4--,all5 ,edw>ds1 #hb1 ,new ,/reet4 ,,d5tal ,,hospital ,,( ,,exet]4 ,,cases ,,treat$ ,,f ,,june #ad,,? ,,to ,,septemb] #cj,,?1 #ahhj4 ,*ildr5 "u #ad #cji ,extractions4 ,adults #fda ,"u ,nitr\s ,oxide & ,e!r #bi ,gold ,/opp+s #de ,:ite ,foil ditto #cg ,pla/ic ditto #abg ,miscellane\s cases #abi ---------- ,total #a1cag ---------- ,,h5ry ,,br[ne-,,mason1 ,hon4 ,sec4 ,:ite ,nickel ,bronze4 ,! pure :ite t9t ( nickel1 its inoxidisability1 &1 !re=e1 ! ease ) :i* x is kept clean1 h caus$ x to come into g5]al use = metal fitt+s1 especially ^? ( vessels & c>riages1 z well z = ! bright p>ts ( eng9es & ma*9es4 ,b1 on acc\nt ( ! relatively high price hi!rto obta9$ by nickel1 x has be5 employ$ *iefly 9 ! /ate ( electro-deposit4 ,nickel-plat+ is effect$ by two processes1 "o hot & ! o!r cold4 ,9 ! =m] a solution ( sulphate ( nickel is us$ 9 an enamel ca/-iron tr\gh4 ,?is is ! m rapid me?od1 b its results are n s satisfactory z 9 ! cold process4 ,! latt] is effect$ ) a ba? ( d\ble sulphate ( nickel & ammonia1 ! articles to be nickelis$ be+ susp5d$ by a plat9um wire atta*$ to ! positive pole ( ! batt]y1 :ile a plate ( pure nickel1 to re/ore ! metal to ! ba?1 is put 9 connection ) ! negative pole4 ,! nickelisation ?us produc$1 ?\gh x requires a long] "t ?an ! o!r process is f9] & m durable4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sev]al objections to nickel-plat+4 ,! process is injuri\s to ! workm5 engag$ 9 x4 ,! ?9 coat+ ( nickel is liable to peel (f1 & 9 ! case ( p>ts expos$ to we>1 or ev5 ) clean+s1 9 c\rse ( "t1 ! nickel becomes s worn (f at ! edges z to expose ! base metal b5ea?4 ,besides1 nickelisation does n entirely prev5t ! oxidisation ( /eel & iron4 ,a ,fr5* ,company1 ,la ,socit ,franaise ,anonyme de ,nickel1 briefly ref]r$ to 9 connection ) ! ,appli$ ,sci5ce ,exhibition1 ,p>is1 are endeav\r+ to sup]s$e ! nickelisation ( brass & copp] by ! use ( solid nickel bronze1 :i* is ?us obta9$4 ,! ore1 g>ni]ite1 ext5sive deposits ( :i* exi/ 9 ,new ,cal$onia1 ! ,fr5* p5al settlem5t1 is work$ by ,messrs4 ,john ,higg9son & ,co41 ( ,n\mea1 ! concessionaires4 ,x is by !m subject$ to a roa/+ on prelim9>y fusion1 :i* =ms a regulus1 conta9+ f #fj to #gj p] c5t4 ( metallic nickel4 ,?is sub/ance is %ipp$ to ! works ( ! company at ,septemes1 ne> ,m>seilles1 :]e x is smelt$ into +ots & granule1 conta9+ #ii p] c5t1 ( pure nickel1 & p] c5t1 ( utilisable metallic sub/ances4 ,! ext5t ( ! m9]al deposits 9 ,new ,cal$onia1 ! r$uction 9 ! co/ ( freight ow+ to ! conc5tration ( metal ?r\gh ! prelim9>y fusion1 & ! economy effect$ by ! new me?ods ( r$uction devis$ by ,m4 ,jules ,g>ni]1 enable ! company to sell ! pure metal at ab\t "o-half ! price x obta9$ ?ree ye>s ago4 ,= a long "t pa/1 ef=ts h be5 made to "w nickel1 b )\t success1 until ! pres5t ye>1 because x 0 f\nd too brittle2 n[1 h[ev]1 pure nickel has be5 roll$ & =g$2 cups1 knives1 & o!r articles h be5 =m$ ( x4 ,z a rule1 ! pure nickel is =m$ by ! f\nd] ) v>i\s proportions ( copp]1 z9c1 & t91 accord+ to circum/ance1 to =m nickel bronze2 b at lea/ #bj p] c5t4 ( nickel is requir$ to secure inoxidisability1 & to give ! desir$ t9t4 ,all articles t are n[ made ( brass or copp] nickelis$ may be produc$ 9 solid :ite nickel bronze1 by ! same processes1 & ) ! same plant1 & at practically ! same co/2 !y are also #bj p] c5t4 /rong]1 s t 9 _m cases !y may be made s mu* light]4 ,! great /r5g? & ! prop]ty ( non-oxidisation r5d] ?is alloy em95tly suitable = ma!matical & musical in/rum5ts4 ,a small quantity ( nickel add$ to /eel increases its h>dness1 & r5d]s x inoxidisable1 :ile edge-tools made ( ! alloy /& bett] ?an ^? ( ord9>y /eel4 ,a nickel bell metal is also f\nd to give good results4 ,! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #ahgh prov$ ! action ( a totally new sy/em ( metallurgy 9 connection ) ?is beautiful metal1 & t ( #ahgi %[$ its practical introduction into mo/ bran*es ( manufactur+ indu/ry4--,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,arts4 ,,to ,,correspond5ts4 ,all communications int5d$ = ! ,editors %\ld be address$ to !m at #bb1 ,grosv5or ,/reet1 ,grosv5or ,squ>e4 ,all inquiries respect+ ,adv]tisem5ts & ,subscriptions %\ld be s5t to ,,george ,,but*]1 #d1 ,crane ,c\rt1 ,fleet ,/reet1 ,e4,c4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #b4 ,reta9$ ana*roni/ic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s z pr9t$4 #c4 ,footnotes h be5 re-index$ us+ numb]s4 #d4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4