,h[ to ,make & ,use ,! ,,byu ,sol> ,cook]_/,cool] by ,/ev5 ,e4 ,jones1 ,pr(essor ( ,physics at ,brigham ,"y ,univ]sity 7,,byu71 ) ,colt] ,paulson1 ,jason ,*esley1 ,jacob ,fugal1 ,d]ek ,hull+]1 ,jamie ,w9t]ton1 ,jeannette ,lawl]1 & ,se?1 ,david1 ,na?an1 & ,danelle ,jones4 ,copyright 7c7 #bjjb by ,/ev5 ,e4 ,jones /evejonesbyu4edu ,orig9al web site ) ?is article3 http3_/_/sol>cook+4org_/funnel4htm ,image3 #ja4;jpg -- ,photo description ?is image %[s a c>dbo>d box be+ us$ to support a silv]y funnel1 r\ghly #c feet high4 ,! funnel is plac$ )9 ! box s t ! sides ( ! box hold ! funnel upright4 ,sitt+ )9 ! base ( ! funnel is a black j> inside a cle> pla/ic bag4 ,! pla/ic bag is inflat$ l a balloon to seal an insulat+ air pocket ar\nd ! j>4 ,cont5ts ,i4 ,introduction ,,ii4 ,h[ x works ,,iii4 ,h[ to ,build ,y\r ,own ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] - ,:at ,y w ,ne$ = ! ,funnel ,cook] - ,con/ruction ,/eps ,,iv4 ,f9al ,/eps ,v4 ,aft] ,cook+ ,,vi4 ,te/s - ,te/s 9 ,utah - ,te/s 9 ,bolivia ,,vii4 ,wat] & ,milk ,pa/eurization ,,viii4 ,safety ,,ix4 ,cook+ ) ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] ,x4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,sol> ,funnel z a ,refrig]ator_/,cool] ,,xi4 ,conclusion3 ,:y ,we ,ne$ ,sol> ,cook]s ,,xii4 ,answ]s to commonly-ask$ que/ions ,,xiii4 ,recipe = :eatpa/e ,,xiv4 ,updates - ,rabbit-wire base - ,r$uc$ angle - ,save-heat cook] - ,funnel-cool+ dur+ ! day - ,hot-&-cold runn+ wat] - ,conclusion ,i4 ,introduction ,a few ye>s ago1 ,i woke up to ! fact t half ( ! _w's peoples mu/ burn wood or dri$ dung 9 ord] to cook _! food4 ,x came z q a %ock to me1 especially z ,i le>n$ ( ! illnesses caus$ by brea?+ smoke day 9 & day out1 & ! environm5tal impacts ( de=e/ation -n to m5tion ! "t sp5t by p 7mo/ly wom57 ga!r+ /icks & dung to cook _! food4 ,& yet1 _m ( ^! billions ( p live ne> ! equator1 :]e sun%9e is abundant & free4 ,z a ,univ]sity ,pr(essor ( ,physics ) a backgr\nd 9 en]gy usage1 ,i set out to develop a means ( cook+ food & /]iliz+ wat] us+ ! free en]gy ( ! sun4 ,fir/1 ,i look$ at exi/+ me?ods4 ,! p>abolic cook] involves a reflective di% t conc5trates sunlight to a po9t :]e ! food is cook$4 ,?is approa* is v dang]\s s9ce ! sun's en]gy is focus$ to a po9t :i* is v hot1 b :i* _c be se54 7,,byu /ud5ts & ,i built "o :i* w set pap] on fire 9 ab\t #c seconds67 ,i le>n$ t an altrui/ic gr\p _h (f]$ reflect+ p>abolas to ! p liv+ at ! ,altiplano 9 ,bolivia4 ,b m ?an once ! p>abolas _h be5 /or$ next to a %$ -- & ! pass+ sun set ! %$s on fire6 ,! p did n want ^! dang]\s1 exp5sive devices1 ev5 ?\gh ! ,altiplano region has be5 /ripp$ ( fuel wood4 ,! box cook]3 ,basically an insulat$ box ) a glass or pla/ic lid1 (t5 ) a reflect+ lid to reflect sunlight into ! box4 ,light ent]s ?r\gh ! top glass 7or pla/ic71 to sl[ly heat up ! box4 ,problems3 en]gy ent]s only ?r\gh ! top1 :ile heat is escap+ ?r\gh all ! o!r sides1 :i* h a t5d5cy to draw heat away f ! food4 ,:5 ! box is op5$ to put food 9 or take x out1 "s ( ! heat escapes & is lo/4 ,also1 effective box cook]s t5d to be m complicat$ to build ?an ! funnel cook]4 ,:ile /udy+ ?is problem1 ,i ?\ght aga9 & aga9 ( ! great ne$ = a safe1 inexp5sive yet effective sol> cook]4 ,x f9ally came to me at ,*ri/ma/ime a few ye>s ago1 a sort ( hybrid betwe5 ! p>abola & a box cook]4 ,x looks l a l>ge1 deep funnel1 & incorporates :at ,i believe are ! be/ features ( ! p>abolic cook] & ! box cook]4 ,! fir/ reflector 0 made at my home out ( alum9um foil glu$ onto c>dbo>d1 !n ?is 0 curv$ to =m a reflective funnel4 ,my *ildr5 & ,i figur$ out a way to make a l>ge c>d-bo>d funnel easily4 7,i'll tell y exactly h[ to d ?is lat] on47 ,! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] is safe & l[ co/1 easy to make1 yet v effective 9 captur+ ! sun's en]gy = cook+ & pa/euriz+ wat] -- ,eureka6 ,lat]1 ,i did ext5sive te/s ) /ud5ts 7includ+ reflectivity te/s7 & f\nd t alum9iz$ ,myl> 0 good too1 b relatively exp5sive & r h>d to come by 9 l>ge %eets4 ,besides1 c>dbo>d is f\nd ?r\gh\t ! _w & is inexp5sive1 & alum9um foil is also easy to come by4 ,& individuals c make _! own sol> cook]s easily1 or />t a cottage-indu/ry to manufacture !m = o!rs4 ,prototypes ( ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] 7 te/$ 9 ,bolivia1 & outp]=m$ an exp5sive sol> box cook] & a ,sol> ,cookit-- :ile co/+ mu* less4 ,brigham ,"y ,univ]sity submitt$ a pat5t application1 ma9ly to insure t no company w\ld prev5t wide di/ribution ( ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook]4 ,,byu makes no pr(it f ! inv5tion4 7,i lat] le>n$ t a few p _h _h a simil> idea1 b ) me?ods diff]+ f ^? develop$ & %[n "h47 ,s n[ ,i'm try+ to get ! ^w out s t ! inv5tion c be us$ to capture ! free en]gy ( ! sun - = camp+ & = em]g5cies1 yes1 b also = e day cook+ :]e electricity is n available & ev5 fuel wood is gett+ sc>ce4 ,,ii4 ,h[ x ,works ,! reflector is %ap$ l a giant funnel1 & l9$ ) alum9um foil4 7,easy to foll[ in/ructions w be giv5 soon47 ,?is funnel is r l ! p>abolic cook]1 except t ! sunlight is conc5trat$ along a l9e 7n a po9t7 at ! bottom ( ! funnel4 ,y c put y\r h& up ! bottom ( ! funnel & feel ! sun's heat1 b x w n burn y4 ,next1 we pa9t a j> black on ! outside1 to collect heat1 & place ?is at ! bottom ( ! funnel4 ,or "o c use a black pot1 ) a lid4 ,! black vessel gets hot1 fa/4 ,b n q hot en\gh to cook )444 ,we ne$ "s way to build up ! heat )\t lett+ ! air cool x4 ,s1 ,i put a *eap pla/ic bag ar\nd ! j>--voila1 ! sol> funnel cook] 0 born6 ,! pla/ic bag1 available 9 groc]y /ores z a p\ltry bag1 replaces ! cumb]some & exp5sive box & glass lid ( ! sol> box ov5s4 ,y c use ! pla/ic bags us$ 9 ,am]ican /ores to put groc]ies 91 z long z !y let a lot ( sunlight pass4 7,d>k-color$ bags w n d47 ,i rec5tly te/$ a bag us$ = fruits & vegetables1 ne>ly transp>5t & available free at ,am]ican groc]y /ores1 t works great4 ,?is is /amp$ ,,hdpe = high-d5sity polye?yl5e on ! bag 7ord9>y polye?yl5e melts too easily74 ,a block ( wood is plac$ "u ! j> to help hold ! heat 94 7,any insulator1 su* z a hot pad or rope or ev5 /icks1 w also "w47 ,a fri5d ( m9e :o is also a ,physics ,pr(essor did n believe ,i c\ld actually boil wat] ) ! ?+4 ,s ,i %[$ him t ) ?is new sol> funnel cook]1 ,i 0 able to boil wat] 9 ,utah 9 ! middle ( w9t]6 ,i laid ! funnel on its side s9ce x 0 w9t] & po9t$ a l>ge funnel t[>ds ! sun to ! s\?4 ,i also _h to susp5d ! black cook+ vessel--r ?an plac+ x on a wood5 block4 ,?is all[s ! weak] sun rays to /rike ! entire surface ( ! vessel4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,sol> ,funnel works mu* bett] outside ( w9t] days 7:5 ! ,,uv index is #g or great]74 ,mo/ o!r sol> cook]s w n cook 9 ! w9t] 9 nor!rn areas 7or s\? ( ab\t #ce degrees1 ei!r74 ,i ?\ght t a pressure cook] w\ld be great4 ,b ! prices 9 /ores 7 way too high = me4 ,wait1 h[ ab\t a cann+ j>8 ,^! little beauties are design$ to relieve pressure ?r\gh ! lid--a nice pressure cook]4 ,& cook+ "t is cut 9 half = ea* #aj degrees ,celsius we raise ! temp]ature 7,pr(essor ,lee ,hans51 private communication74 ,i us$ "o ( my wife's wide-m\? cann+ j>s1 spray-pa9t$ 7flat7 black on ! outside1 & x work$ great4 ,food cooks fa/] :5 y use a simple cann+ j> z a pressure cook]4 ,h[ev]1 y c also put a black pot 9 ! pla/ic bag in/ead if y want4 ,b don't use a seal$ conta9] ) no pressure release l a mayonnaise j>--x c break z ! /eam builds up6 7,i've done x47 ,,iii4 ,h[ to ,build ,y\r ,own ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] ,:at ,y w ,ne$ = ! ,funnel ,cook]3 #a4 ,a piece ( flat c>dbo>d1 ab\t #b feet wide by #d feet long4 7,! l5g? %\ld be j twice ! wid?4 ,! bigg]1 ! bett]47 #b4 ,ord9>y alum9um foil4 #c4 ,a glue su* z :ite glue 7l ,elm]'s glue71 & wat] to mix ) x #ej-ej4 ,also1 a bru% to apply ! glue to ! c>dbo>d 7or a clo? or pap] t[el w d74 ,or1 "s may wi% to use a *eap spray adhesive available 9 spray cans4 ,y c also use :eat pa/e4 #d4 ,?ree wire brads--or small nuts & bolts1 or /r+ to hold ! funnel toge!r4 #e4 ,= a cook+ vessel1 ,i recomm5d a cann+ j> 7,ball wide-m\? qu>t j>s "w f9e = me2 ! rubb] r+ on ! lid is less likely to melt ?an = o!r j>s ,i've f\nd4 ,a two-qu>t cann+ j> is available & works f9e = l>g] quantities ( food1 al?\gh ! cook+ is some:at sl[]474 #f4 ,! cook+ j> 7or vessel7 %\ld be spray-pa9t$ black on ! outside4 ,i f9d t a *eap flat-black spray pa9t works j f9e4 ,scrape (f a v]tical /ripe s t y h a cle> glass w9d[ to look into ! vessel1 to *eck ! food or wat] = boil+4 #g4 ,a block ( wood is us$ z an insulator "u ! j>4 ,i use a piece ( #b,x#d bo>d :i* is cut into a squ>e nom9ally #d x #d by ab\t #b ?ick4 7#aj;cm squ>e x #e;cm ?ick47 ,"o squ>e piece ( wood makes a great insulator4 #h4 ,a pla/ic bag is us$ to g ar\nd ! cook+-j> & block ( wood1 to provide a gre5-h\se effect4 ,sugge/ions3 -,reynolds ,ov5 ,bag1 ,regul> ,size works great3 transp>5t & won't melt4 7,co/ ab\t #be c5ts ea* 9 ,u4,s4 groc]y /ores47 -,any ne>ly-transp>5t ,,hdpe bag 7,high-d5sity ,polye?yl5e74 ,look = ,,hdpe /amp$ on ! bag4 ,i've te/$ ,,hdpe bags :i* ,i pick$ up = free at my groc]y /ore1 us$ = hold+ vegetables & fruits4 ,^! are ?91 b v inexp5sive4 ,te/$ side-by-side ) an ov5 bag 9 two sol> funnels1 ! ,,hdpe bag work$ j z well6 7,caution3 we h f\nd t "s ,,hdpe bags w melt %\ld !y contact ! hot cook+ vessel4 ,= ?is reason1 we recomm5d us+ ! ov5-safe pla/ic bag :]ev] possible47 -,an idea attribut$ to ,rog] ,b]n>d & appli$ n[ to ! ,,byu ,funnel ,cook]3 place a pot 7hav+ a black5$ bottom & sides7 9 a glass b[l1 & cov] ) a lid4 ,try = a tight fit ar\nd ! bottom to keep hot air trapp$ inside4 ,! metal pot or b[l %\ld be support$ ar\nd ! rim only1 ) an air space all ar\nd ! bottom 7:]e ! sunlight /rikes x74 ,put a black5$ lid on top ( ! pot4 ,!n simply place ?is pot-9-b[l d[n 9 ! bottom ( ! funnel--no pla/ic bag is ne$$6 ,?is clev] me?od also all[s ! cook to simply remove ! lid to *eck ! food & to /ir4 ,i l ?is idea - x makes ! sol> cook] a lot l cook+ ov] a fire4 ,see ,photographs = fur!r details4 ,image3 #jb4;jpg -- ,photo description3 ,?is photo %[s a ,pyrex glass measur+ cup -- look+ l x might hold "o-half gallon4 ,inside ! measur+ cup is a *rome or /a9less /eel di%1 fitt+ ! sides ( ! cup v tightly4 ,! %9y di% is black5$ on ! outside & /ill %9y on ! inside4 ,a man is hold+ ! lid = ! di%1 simil>ly black5$4 ,con/ruction ,/eps #a4 ,cut a ,half-circle out ( ! c>dbo>d1 along ! bottom z %[n bel[4 ,:5 ! funnel is =m$1 ?is becomes a full-circle & %\ld be wide en\gh to g ar\nd y\r cook+ pot4 ,s = a #g diamet] cook+ pot1 ! radius ( ! half-circle is #g4 ,= a qu>t cann+ j> su* z ,i use1 ,i cut a #e radius half-circle out ( ! c>dbo>d4 ,image3 #jc4;jpg -- ,photo description3 ,?is photo %[s a man kneel+ beside a rectangul> %eet ( c>dbo>d on ! floor4 ,he is us+ a pla/ic bucket z a patt]n to cut a half-circle f ! c5t] ( a long edge ( ! triangle4 #b4 ,=m ! ,funnel4 ,to =m ! funnel1 y w br+ side ,a t[>ds side ,b1 z %[n 9 ! figure4 ,! alum9um foil mu/ g on ! ,,inside ( ! funnel4 ,d ?is sl[ly1 help+ ! c>dbo>d to ! %ape ( a funnel by us+ "o h& to =m creases t radiate out f ! half-circle4 ,"w y\r way ar\nd ! funnel1 b5d+ x 9 /ages to =m ! funnel %ape1 until ! two sides ov]lap & ! half-circle =ms a complete circle4 ,! alum9um foil w g on ! ,,inside ( funnel4 ,op5 ! funnel & lay x flat1 inside up1 9 prep>ation = ! next /ep4 ,image3 #jd4;jpg -- ,photo description3 ,a man is hold+ ! %eet ( c>dbo>d1 ) ! long edge aga9/ 8 /oma*1 ! o!r long edge ) ! circle cut out on ! opposite side4 ,he is us+ ! edge ( 8 h& = a h>d edge to b5d & crease ! c>dbo>d4 ,he is creas+ ! c>dbo>d to =m triangul> sections2 ! po9ts ( ea* triangul> section are miss+ -- ! po9ts ( all ! triangles w\ld h come toge!r 9 ! circul> cut out area ( ! o!r long side1 across f ! man4 ,side ,a is ! side to ! left (1 & directly adjac5t to ! half-circle4 ,side ,b is ! o!r half ( ! edge1 to ! "r ( ! half-circle4 ,image3 #je4;jpg -- ,photo description3 ,?is is look+ /rait d[n into ! m\? ( a c>dbo>d funnel4 ,a man grabb$ :at 0 ! long edge ( ! %eet ( c>dbo>d1 n[ divid$ 9 two by ! half circle cut f x4 ,! two n[ sep>ate edges are n[ br\ght toge!r to =m a cone4 ,! cone has no tip because ( ! cut-out half-circle4 #c4 ,glue ,foil to ,c>dbo>d4 ,apply glue or adhesive to ! top 7inn]7 surface ( ! c>dbo>d1 !n quickly apply ! alum9um foil on top ( ! glue1 to affix ! foil to ! c>dbo>d4 ,make sure ! %9ie/ side ( ! foil is on top1 s9ce ?is becomes y\r reflective surface 9 ! ,funnel4 ,i l to put j en\gh glue = "o wid? ( foil1 s t ! glue /ays moi/ :ile ! foil is appli$4 ,i also ov]lap /rips ( foil by ab\t #a 7or #b cm74 ,try to smoo? out ! alum9um foil z mu* z y reasonably c1 b small wr9kles won't make mu* diff]5ce4 7,if ev5 c>dbo>d is n available1 "o c simply dig a funnel-%ap$ hole 9 ! gr\nd & l9e x ) a reflector1 to make a fix$ sol> cook] = use at mid-day47 ,image3 #jf4;jpg-- ,photo description3 two m5 are spread+ a %eet ( alum9um foil across a rectangul> %eet ( c>dbo>d4 #d4 ,jo9 side ,a to side ,b to keep ! funnel toge!r4 ,! easie/ way to d ?is is to pun* ?ree holes 9 ! c>dbo>d t l9e up on side ,a & side ,b 7see figure74 ,!n put a metal brad ?r\gh ea* hole & fa/5 by pull+ ap>t ! metal t9es4 ,or y c use a nut-&-bolt to secure ! two sides 7,a ,b7 toge!r4 ,be creative "h ) :at y h available4 ,= example1 by putt+ two holes ab\t a ?umb-wid? ap>t1 y c put a /r+1 tw9e1 small rope1 wire or twi/-tie 9 "o hole & out ! o!r1 & tie toge!r4 ,:5 ,a & ,b are connect$ toge!r1 y w h a funnel ) two w+s4 ,! w+s c\ld be cut (f1 b ^! help to ga!r m sunlight1 s ,i leave !m on4 ,image3 #jg4;jpg -- ,photo description3 ,?is photo %[s ! outside edge ( ! cone :]e ! edges ( ! c>dbo>d meet4 ,two p are secur+ ! edges toge!r4 ,tape or glue a piece ( alum9um foil across ! hole at ! bottom ( ! funnel1 ) %9y side 94 ,?is completes assembly ( y\r sol> funnel cook]4 ,= /ability1 place ! ,funnel inside a c>dbo>d or o!r box to provide support4 ,= long-t]m applications1 "o may wi% to dig a hole 9 ! gr\nd to hold ! ,funnel aga9/ /rong w9ds4 ,image3 #ja4;jpg -- ,photo description ?is image %[s a c>dbo>d box be+ us$ to support a silv]y funnel1 r\ghly #c feet high4 ,! funnel is plac$ )9 ! box s t ! sides ( ! box hold ! funnel upright4 ,sitt+ )9 ! base ( ! funnel is a black j> inside a cle> pla/ic bag4 ,! pla/ic bag is inflat$ l a balloon to seal an insulat+ air pocket ar\nd ! j>4 ,,iv4 ,f9al ,/eps ,at ?is /age1 y are ready to put food items or wat] into ! cook+ vessel or j>1 & put ! lid on securely4 7,see in/ructions on food cook+ times1 to foll[47 ,place a wood5 block 9 ! ,,inside bottom ( ! cook+ bag4 ,i use a piece ( #b,x#d bo>d :i* is cut into a squ>e nom9ally #d,x#d by ab\t #b ?ick4 ,!n place ! cook+ vessel conta9+ ! food or wat] on top ( ! wood5 block1 inside ! bag4 ,next1 ga!r ! top ( ! bag 9 y\r f+]s & bl[ air into ! bag1 to inflate x4 ,?is w =m a small gre5h\se ar\nd ! cook+ vessel1 to trap mu* ( ! heat inside4 ,close (f ! bag ) a tight twi/ tie or wire4 ,important3 ! bag %\ld n t\* ! sides or lid ( ! cook+ vessel4 ,! bag may be call$ a convection %ield1 sl[+ convection-cool+ due to air curr5ts4 ,place ! entire bag & its cont5ts inside ! funnel ne> ! bottom z %[n 9 ! ,photographs4 ,place ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] s t x ,faces ! ,sun ,rememb]3 ,sunlight c hurt ! eyes3 ,please we> sunglasses :5 us+ a ,sol> ,cook]6 ,! ,funnel ,cook] is design$ s t ! hot region is deep d[n inside ! funnel1 out ( h>m's way4 ,image3 #jh4;jpg -- ,photo description3 ,?is is a close-up photo ( a black cann+ j>1 sitt+ on top ( a block ( wood4 ,! wood & ! j> are sitt+ on ! gr\nd1 inside a cle> pla/ic bag1 :i* is full ( air1 l a balloon & ti$ at ! top s t ! air 9 ! bag keeps ! bag f t\*+ ! j>4 ,put ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] 9 ! sun po9t+ t[>ds ! sun1 s t x captures z mu* sunlight z possible4 ,! design ( ! funnel all[s x to collect sol> en]gy = ab\t an h\r )\t ne$+ to be re-position$4 ,= long] cook+ times1 readju/ ! position ( ! funnel to foll[ ! sun's pa?4 ,x helps to put ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] 9 front ( a s\?-fac+ wall or w9d[ 79 ! ,nor!rn ,hemisph]e7 to reflect additional sunlight into ! funnel4 ,a reflective wall is mo/ important 9 locations f>!r f ! equator & 9 w9t]4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,hemisph]e1 put ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] 9 front ( a ,nor?-fac+ wall or w9d[ to reflect additional sunlight into y\r cook]4 ,v4 ,aft] ,cook+ ,rememb] t ! cook+ vessel w be v hot3 ,use cook+ pads or gloves :5 h&l+6 ,if y are heat+ wat] 9 a cann+ j>1 y may notice t ! wat] is boil+ :5 ! lid is fir/ remov$ - x gets v hot6 ,op5 ! pla/ic cook+ bag by remov+ ! twi/-tie4 ,us+ gloves or a ?ick clo?1 lift ! vessel out ( ! bag & place x on ! gr\nd or table4 ,c>efully op5 ! vessel & *eck ! food1 to make sure x has f9i%$ cook+4 ,let ! hot food cool be=e eat+4 ,helpful ,h9ts #a4 ,avoid leav+ f+]pr9ts & smudges on ! inside surface ( ! cook]4 ,keep ! inn] surface clean & %9y by wip+ occasionally ) a wet t[el4 ,?is w keep ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] work+ at its be/4 #b4 ,if y\r funnel gets out-(-r\nd1 x c be put back into a circul> %ape by atta*+ a rope or /r+ betwe5 opposite sides :i* ne$ to be br\ght clos] toge!r4 #c4 ,= long-t]m applications1 a hole 9 ! gr\nd w hold ! ,funnel ,cook] securely aga9/ w9ds4 ,br+ ! funnel inside or cov] x dur+ ra9 /orms4 #d4 ,! lids c be us$ ov] & ov]4 ,we h _h "s tr\ble ) ! rubb] on "s new cann+-j> lids becom+ s(t & /icky4 ,ball cann+ lids d n usually h ?is problem4 ,runn+ new lids ?r\gh v hot wat] be=e ! fir/ use seems to help4 ,! lids c be us$ ov] & ov] if !y are n b5t too badly :5 op5$ 7pry (f lid c>efully74 #e4 ,! j> c be susp5d$ ne> ! bottom ( ! funnel us+ fi%+ l9e or /r+ 7etc471 in/ead ( plac+ ! j> on a block ( wood4 ,a pla/ic bag is plac$ ar\nd ! j> ) air puff$ inside1 z usual1 to trap ! heat4 ,! susp5sion me?od all[s sunlight to /rike all surfaces ( ! j>1 all ar\nd1 s t x heats fa/] & m ev5ly4 ,?is susp5sion me?od is crucial = use 9 w9t] mon?s4 #f4 ,adju/ ! funnel to put z mu* sunlight onto ! cook+ j> z possible4 ,look at ! j> to *eck :]e ! sunlight is hitt+1 & to be sure ! bottom is n 9 ! %ad[s4 ,= long cook+ times 7ov] ab\t an h\r71 readju/ ! position ( ! funnel to foll[ ! sun's pa?4 ,dur+ w9t] mon?s1 :5 ! sun is l[ on ! horizon 7e4g41 9 ,nor? ,am]ica71 x is helpful to lay ! funnel on its side1 fac+ ! sun4 ,,vi4 ,te/s ,te/s 9 ,utah ,image3 #ji4;jpg --,photo description3 ,?is is a picture ( ! funnel sitt+ tilt$ at an angle betwe5 two /&s4 ,! funnel has no hole at ! bottom2 :]e !re %\ld be a hole is solid & %9y l ! re/ ( ! funnel4 ,a crossbeam connects ! two /&s1 above ! funnel4 ,hang+ by /r+ f ! crossbeam s t x re/s ne> ! %9y bottom ( ! funnel is a black cann+ j>1 surr\nd$ by a cle> pla/ic bag4 ,! bag appe>s to be bl[n up1 full ( air1 & n t\*+ ! j>4 ,i h p]sonally us$ ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] to cook lun*es ov] _m weeks4 ,my favorite foods to cook are potatoes 7cut into logs or slices7 & c>rot slices4 ,vegetables cook sl[ly 9 _! own juices & ta/e delici\s4 ,i also make rice1 melt$ *eese s&wi*es1 & ev5 bread 9 ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook]4 ,i usually put ! food out ar\nd #aa3cj & let x cook until #ab3de or #a pm1 j to be sure t x has "t to cook4 ,i've nev] _h any food burn 9 ?is cook]4 ,i h also cook$ food 9 ! m\nta9s1 at an altitude ( ar\nd #h1cjj feet4 ,if any?+1 ! food cook$ fa/] !re--! sunlight filt]s ?r\gh less atmosph]e at high altitudes4 ,i f9d t p are surpris$ t ! sun alone c actually cook food4 ,& !y are fur!r pleasantly surpris$ at ! ri* flavors 9 ! foods :i* cook sl[ly 9 ! sun4 ,?is inexp5sive device does x6 ,/ud5ts at ,brigham ,"y ,univ]sity h p]=m$ num]\s te/s on ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] along ) o!r cook]s4 ,we h consi/5tly f\nd mu* fa/] cook+ us+ ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook]4 ,! effici5cy_/co/ ratio is high] ?an any o!r sol> cook+ device we h f\nd to date4 ,mr4 ,hull+] also p]=m$ /udies ( transmissivity1 reflectivity & absorptivity ( alt]nate mat]ials :i* c\ld be us$ 9 ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook]4 ,:ile !re are bett] mat]ials 7su* z sol>-selective absorb]s71 our goal has be5 to keep ! co/ ( ! ,sol> ,cook] z l[ z possible1 :ile ma9ta9+ safety z a fir/ priority4 ,te/s 9 ,bolivia ,! ,,byu ,b5son ,in/itute organiz$ te/s betwe5 ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] & ! old-fa%ion$ sol> box ov54 ,! sol> box ov5 co/ ab\t #gj & 0 made mo/ly ( c>dbo>d4 ,x took ne>ly two h\rs j to rea* wat] pa/eurization temp]ature4 ,! ,bolivian report notes t food gets cold e "t ! pots are tak5 f & into ! ov54 ,! sol> box ov5 fail$ ev5 to cook boil$ eggs4 7,m exp5sive box cook]s w\ld hopefully "w bett]47 ,an alum9iz$-myl> ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] 0 also te/$ 9 ,bolivia1 dur+ ! ,bolivian w9t]4 ,wat] pa/eurization temp]ature 0 rea*$ 9 #ej m9utes1 boil$ eggs cook$ 9 #gj m9utes1 & rice cook$ 9 #ge m9utes4 ,! ,bolivian p 7 pleas$ by ! p]=mance4 ,s 7 we6 7,la ,paz1 ,bolivia1 ,augu/1 #aiif74 ,i also donat$ two doz5 sol> funnel cook]s = p 9 ,guatemala4 ,^! 7 tak5 !re by a gr\p ( doctors go+ !re = humanit>ian s]vice4 ,! p !re also lik$ ! idea ( cook+ ) ! sun's free en]gy6 ,= an alum9iz$-,myl> ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] kit1 please contact ,,crm 7lic5s$ manufactur]7 at #a 7#hja7 #bib-ibaj4 ,image3 #aj4;jpg -- ,photo description3 ,?is photo %[s :at looks l ! same /yle ( funnel z 9 ! above pictures except t x doesn't look homemade b some?+ produc$ by a factory4 ,! photo %[s some?+ :i* looks l a ma*9$ metal_/%9y pla/ic funnel4 ,,vii4 ,wat] & ,milk ,pa/eurization ,contam9at$ dr9k+ wat] or milk kills ?\s&s ( p ea* day1 especially *ildr54 ,! ,^w ,heal? ,organization 7,,:o7 reports t #hj p]c5t ( illnesses 9 ! _w are spread ?r\gh contam9at$ wat]4 ,/udies %[ t heat+ wat] to ab\t #fe degrees to #gj degrees ,celsius 7#aej degrees ,fahr5heit7 is suffici5t to kill coli=m bact]ia1 rotaviruses1 ent]oviruses & ev5 ,gi>dia4 ,?is is call$ pa/eurization4 ,pa/eurization dep5ds on h[ hot & h[ long wat] is heat$4 ,b h[ d y "k if ! wat] got hot en\gh8 ,y c\ld use a !rmomet]1 b ?is w\ld add to ! co/1 ( c\rse4 ,:5 /eam leaves ! cann+ j> 7) lid on tight7 & =ms dew on ! inside ( ! cook+ bag1 !n ! wat] is probably pa/euriz$ to dr9k4 7,! goal is to heat to #afj degrees ,fahr5heit = at lea/ six m9utes47 ,) a /ripe ( black pa9t scrap$ (f ! j>1 "o c look ?r\gh ! bag & into ! j> & see :5 ! wat] is boil+ - !n x is safe = sure4 ,?9k ( all ! lives t c be sav$ simply by pa/euriz+ wat] us+ a simple ,sol> ,cook]6 ,,viii4 ,safety ,safety 0 my fir/ conc]n 9 design+ ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook]1 !n came l[ co/ & effectiv5ess4 ,b any "t y h heat y ne$ to take "s precautions4 -,! cook+ vessel 7j>7 is go+ to get hot1 else ! food inside won't cook4 ,let ! j> cool a bit be=e op5+4 ,h&le only ) gloves or tongs4 -,always we> d>k glasses to protect f ! sun's rays4 ,we naturally squ9t1 b sunglasses are important4 -,keep ! pla/ic bag away f *ildr5 & away f nose & m\? to avoid any possibility ( suffocation4 ,,ix4 ,cook+ ) ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] ,:at d y cook 9 a crock pot or mod]ate-temp]ature ov58 ,! same foods w cook ab\t ! same 9 ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] --)\t burn+4 ,! *>ts bel[ give approximate summ] cook+ times4 ,! sol> cook] works be/ :5 ! ,,uv index is #g or high]4 7,sun high ov]head1 few cl\ds47 ,cook+ times are approximate4 ,increase cook+ times = p>tly- cl\dy days1 sun n ov]head 7e4g41 w9t]time7 or = m ?an ab\t #c cups ( food 9 ! cook+ j>4 ,/irr+ is n necess>y = mo/ foods4 ,food g5]ally w n burn 9 ! sol> cook]4 ,,vegetables 7,potatoes1 c>rots1 squa%1 beets1 asp>agus1 etc47 ,prep>ation3 ,no ne$ to add wat] if fre%4 ,cut into slices or logs to ensure uni=m cook+4 ,corn w cook f9e ) or )\t ! cob4 ,cook+ ,"t3 ,ab\t #a4e h\rs ,,c]eals ,,& ,,gra9s 7,rice1 :eat1 b>ley1 oats1 millet1 etc47 ,prep>ation3 ,mix #b p>ts wat] to e #a "p gra94 ,am\nt may v>y accord+ to individual ta/e4 ,let soak = a few h\rs = fa/] cook+4 ,to ensure uni=m cook+1 %ake j> aft] #ej m9utes4 ,,caution3 ,j> w be hot4 ,use gloves or cook+ pads4 ,cook+ ,"t3 #a4e-b h\rs ,,pa/a ,,& ,,dehydrat$ ,,s\ps ,prep>ation3 ,fir/ heat wat] to ne> boil+ 7#ej-gj m9utes74 ,!n add ! pa/a or s\p mix4 ,/ir or %ake1 & cook #ae additional m9utes4 ,cook+ ,"t3 #fe-he m9utes ,,beans ,prep>ation3 ,let t\gh or dry beans soak ov]night4 ,place 9 cook+ j> ) wat]4 ,cook+ ,"t3 #b-c h\rs ,,eggs ,prep>ation3 ,no ne$ to add wat]4 ,note3 ,if cook$ too long1 egg :ites may d>k51 b ta/e rema9s ! same4 ,cook+ ,"t3 #a-a4e h\rs1 dep5d+ on desir$ yolk firmness4 ,,meats 7,*ick51 beef1 & fi%7 ,prep>ation3 ,no ne$ to add wat]4 ,long] cook+ makes ! meat m t5d]4 ,cook+ ,"t3 ,*ick53 #a4e h\rs cut up or #b4e h\rs :ole2 ,beef3 #a4e h\rs cut up or #b4e-c h\rs = l>g] cuts2 ,fi%3 #a-a4e h\rs ,,bak+ ,prep>ation3 ,times v>y bas$ on am\nt ( d\gh4 ,cook+ ,times3 ,breads3 #a-a4e h\rs2 ,biscuits3 #a-a4e h\rs2 ,cookies3 #a h\r ,,roa/$ ,,nuts 7,peanuts1 almonds1 pumpk9 se$1 etc47 ,prep>ation3 ,place 9 j>4 ,a little vegetable oil may be add$ if desir$4 ,cook+ ,"t3 ,ab\t #a4e h\rs ,,mre's ,,& ,,prepackag$ ,,foods ,prep>ation3 ,= foods 9 d>k conta9]s1 simply place ! ,conta9] 9 ! cook+ bag 9 place ( ! black cook+ j>4 ,cook+ ,times3 ,cook+ "t v>ies ) ! am\nt ( food & d>kness ( package4 ,x4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,sol> ,funnel z a ,refrig]ator_/,cool] ,a univ]sity /ud5t 7,jamie ,w9t]ton7 & ,i 7 ! fir/ to demon/rate t ! ,,byu ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] c be us$--at night --z a refrig]ator4 ,"h is h[ ?is is done4 ,! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] is set-up j z y w\ld dur+ sun-light h\rs1 ) two exceptions3 #a4 ,! funnel is direct$ at ! d>k night sky4 ,x %\ld n see any build+s or ev5 trees4 7,! !rmal radiation f walls1 trees1 or ev5 cl\ds w dim9i% ! cool+ effect474 #b4 ,x helps to place #b 7two7 bags ar\nd ! j> in/ead ( j "o1 ) air spaces betwe5 ! bags & betwe5 ! inn] bag & ! j>4 ,,hdpe & ord9>y polye?yl5e bags "w well1 s9ce polye?yl5e is ne>ly transp>5t to infr>$ radiation1 all[+ x to escape into ! heat s9k ( ! d>k sky4 ,dur+ ! day1 ! sun's rays are reflect$ onto ! cook+ vessel :i* becomes hot quickly4 ,at night1 heat f ! vessel is radiat$ outw>d1 t[>ds empty space1 :i* is v cold inde$ 7a heat s9k74 ,z a result1 ! cook+ vessel n[ becomes a small refrig]ator4 ,we r\t9ely a*ieve cool+ ( ab\t #bi degrees ,fahr5heit 7#aj degrees ,celsius7 bel[ ambi5t air temp]ature us+ ?is rem>kably simple s*eme4 ,9 ,septemb] #aiii1 we plac$ two funnels out 9 ! ev5+1 ) d\ble-bagg$ j>s inside4 ,"o j> 0 on a block ( wood & ! o!r 0 susp5d$ 9 ! funnel us+ fi%+ l9e4 ,! temp]ature t ev5+ 79 ,provo1 ,utah7 0 #gh degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,us+ a ,radio ,%ack indoor_/outdoor !rmomet]1 a ,,byu /ud5t 7,colt] ,paulson7 measur$ ! temp]ature inside ! funnel & outside 9 ! op5 air4 ,he f\nd t ! temp]ature ( ! air inside ! funnel dropp$ quickly by ab\t #ae degrees1 z its heat 0 radiat$ upw>ds 9 ! cle> sky4 ,t night1 ! m9imum outdoor air temp]ature measur$ 0 #dg4e degrees--b ! wat] 9 bo? j>s _h ,,ice4 ,i invite o!rs to try ?is1 & please let me "k if y get ice at #ee or ev5 #fj degrees outside air temp]ature 7m9imum at night74 ,a black ,,pvc conta9] may "w ev5 bett] ?an a black-pa9t$ j>1 s9ce ,,pvc is a good infr>$ radiator--^! matt]s are /ill be+ /udi$4 ,i w\ld l to see ! ,funnel ,refrig]ator tri$ 9 des]t climates1 especially :]e freez+ temp]atures are r>ely rea*$4 ,x %\ld be possible 9 ?is way to *eaply make ice = ,hutus 9 ,rw&a & = aborig9es 9 ,au/ralia1 )\t us+ any electricity or o!r mod]n tricks4 ,we are 9 effect br++ "s ( ! cold ( space to a little corn] on e>?4 ,please let me "k h[ ?is works = y4 ,,xi4 ,conclusion3 ,:y ,we ,ne$ ,sol> ,cook]s ,! ,,byu ,funnel ,cook]_/,cool] c3 -,cook food )\t ! ne$ = electricity or wood or petroleum or o!r fuels4 -,pa/eurize wat] = safe dr9k+1 prev5t+ _m diseases4 -,save trees & o!r res\rces4 -,avoid air pollution & brea?+ smoke :ile cook+4 -,use ! sun's free en]gy4 ,a r5ewable en]gy s\rce4 -,cook food ) little or no /irr+1 )\t burn+4 -,kill insects 9 gra9s4 -,dehydrate fruits1 etc4 -,s]ve z a refrig]ator at night1 to cool ev5 freeze wat]4 7,try t )\t electricity or fuels67 ,! burd5 = ga!r+ ! fuel wood & cook+ falls ma9ly on wom5 & *ildr54 ,joseph ,kiai reports f ,dadaab1 ,k5ya3 ,wom5 :o c't af=d to buy wood />t at #d am to g collect+ & return ab\t noon444 ,!y d ?is twice a week to get fuel = cook+444 ,! rapes are av]ag+ "o p] week4 ,f ,belize3 ,_m times ! wom5 h to g into ! =e/ dragg+ _! small *ildr5 :5 !y g to look = wood4 ,x is a special h>d%ip = pregnant & nurs+ mo!rs to *op & drag trees back to ! village444 !y are expos$ to v5om\s snakes & cl\ds ( mosquitoes4 7,anna ,k47 7,quot$ by ,sol> ,cook]s ,int]national f a newslett]47 ,& ! =e/s are dw9dl+ 9 _m areas4 ,edw9 ,dobbs not$ 9 ,audubon ,magaz9e1 ,nov4 #aiib1 ,! _w c *oose sunlight or fur!r de=e/ation1 sol> cook+ or widespread />vation444 ,am]icans %\ld be prep>$ = em]g5cies1 incid5t to p[] failures4 ,a ,mormon pione] not$ 9 h] j\rnal3 ,we 7 n[ foll[+ 9 _! trail travel+ up ! ,platte ,riv]4 ,timb] 0 sometimes v sc>ce & h>d to get4 ,we manag$ to d our cook+ ) :at little we c\ld ga!r up444 7,eliza ,r4 ,sn[7 ,n[ !re's someone :o ne$$ a light-weight ,sol> ,cook]6 ,"h's ano!r reason to use a sol> cook]4 ,_m p 9 develop+ c\ntries look to see :at's be+ done 9 ,am]ica4 ,i'm told t if ,am]icans are us+ some?+1 !n !y w want to try x1 too4 ,! m p !re are cook+ ) ! o!rs w want to jo9 94 ,a good way to spread ?is te*nology is to enc\rage small local indu/ries or families to make ^! simple yet reliable sol> cook]s = o!rs at l[ co/4 ,i've us$ ?is cook] = ?ree summ]s & ,i enjoy x4 ,cook+ & mak+ ice ) ! funnel cook]_/cool] w p]mit a significant *ange 9 life/yle4 ,if y ?9k ab\t x1 ?is c\ld help a lot ( p4 ,! ,,byu ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] uses ! glori\s sun%9e -- & ! en]gy ( ! sun is a free gift f ,god = all to use6 ,,xii4 ,answ]s to commonly-ask$ que/ions ,w ! cook] "w 9 w9t] 79 ! ,unit$ ,/ates78 ,z ! sun moves clos] to ! s\!rn horizon 9 ! w9t]1 ! sol> cook] is naturally less effective4 ,a good measure ( ! sol> int5sity is ! ,,uv index :i* is (t5 report$ ) ! wea!r4 ,:5 ! ultraviolet or ,,uv index is #g or above--common 9 summ] mon?s--! sol> cook] works v well4 ,9 ,salt ,lake ,city 9 ,octob]1 ! ,,uv index 0 report$ to be #c4e on a sunny day4 ,we 7 able to boil wat] 9 ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] dur+ ?is "t1 b we _h to susp5d ! black j> 9 ! funnel s t sunlight /ruck all sides4 7,we ran a fi%+ l9e "u ! screw-on lid1 & loop$ ! fi%+ l9e ov] a rod above ! funnel4 ,z usual1 a pla/ic bag 0 plac$ ar\nd ! j>1 & ?is 0 clos$ at ! top to let ! fi%+ l9e out = susp5d+ ! j>47 ,! sol> m9imum = ! nor!rn hemisph]e occurs on w9t] sol/ice1 ab\t ,decemb] #ba/ ea* ye>4 ,! sol> maximum occurs six mon?s lat]1 ,june #ba/4 ,sol> cook+ works be/ f ab\t ,m>* #bj to ,octob] #a 9 ! nor?4 ,if p try to cook ) ! sun = ! fir/ "t outside ( ?is "t w9d[1 !y %\ld n be disc\rag$4 ,try aga9 :5 ! sun is m directly ov]head4 7,"o may also susp5d ! j> 9 ! funnel1 :i* w make cook+ fa/] any "t ( ! ye>47 ,x is int]e/+ to note t mo/ develop+ c\ntries are locat$ ne> ! equator :]e ! sun is ne>ly directly ov]head all ! "t4 ,sol> ,cook]s w !n s]ve ye>-r\nd1 z long z ! sun is %9+1 = ^! =tunate p4 ,!y may be ! fir/ to apply fusion en]gy 7( ! sun7 on a l>ge scale6 ,& !y may accompli% ?is )\t ! exp5sive infra/ructure ( electrical p[] grids t we take = grant$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,h[ d y cook bread 9 a j>8 ,i h cook$ bread by simply putt+ d\gh 9 ! bottom ( ! j> & plac+ x 9 ! funnel 9 ! usual way4 ,ris+ & bak+ took place inside ! j> 9 ab\t an h\r 7dur+ summ]74 ,"o %\ld put vegetable oil inside ! j> be=e cook+ to make removal ( ! bread easi]4 ,i w\ld also sugge/ t us+ a #b-qu>t wide-m\? cann+ j> in/ead ( a #a-qu>t j> w\ld make bak+ a loaf ( bread easi]4 ,:at is ! optimum op5+ angle = ! funnel cook]8 ,a graduate /ud5t at ,brigham ,"y ,univ]sity did a calculus calculation ov] two ye>s ago to assess ! be/ %ape or op5+ angle = ! ,sol> ,funnel4 ,jeannette ,lawl] assum$ t ! be/ op]ation w\ld occur :5 ! sun's rays b\nc$ no m ?an once be=e hitt+ ! cook+ j>1 :ile keep+ ! op5+ angle z l>ge z possible to admit m sunlight4 7,"s sunlight is lo/ ea* "t ! light reflects f ! %9y surface4 ,if ! sunlight misses on ! fir/ b\nce1 x c b\nce aga9 & aga9 until be+ absorb$ by ! black bottle47 ,%e set up an approximate equation = ?is situation1 took ! calculus- d]ivative ) respect to ! op5+ angle & set ! d]ivative equal to z]o4 ,optimiz+ 9 ?is way1 %e f\nd t ! optimum op5+ angle is ab\t #de degrees1 :5 ! funnel is po9t$ directly t[>ds ! sun4 ,b we don't want to h to track ! sun by turn+ ! funnel e few m9utes4 ,! sun moves 7app>5tly7 #cfj degrees 9 #bd h\rs1 or ab\t #ae degrees p] h\r4 ,s we f9ally *ose a #fj-;degree op5+ angle s t ! cook] is effective = ab\t #a4b h\rs4 ,?is turn$ out to be long en\gh to cook mo/ vegetables1 breads1 boil wat]1 etc4 ) ! ,sol> ,funnel ,cook]4 ,we also us$ a las] po9t] to simulate sun rays ent]+ ! funnel at diff]5t angles1 & f\nd t ! #fj-;degree cone 0 q effective 9 conc5trat+ ! rays at ! bottom ( ! funnel :]e ! cook+ j> sits4 ,,xiii4 ,recipe = :eatpa/e ,prep>e #a cup 7#b4d dl7 ( v hot wat]4 ,make a ?9 mixture ( #c tablespoons 7#de ml7 ( :ite fl\r & cold wat]4 ,p\r ! cold mixture sl[ly into ! hot wat] :ile /irr+ con/antly4 ,br+ to a boil4 ,:5 x ?ick5s1 all[ to cool4 ,sme> on l any o!r glue4 ,= slightly bett] /r5g?1 add #a tablespoon 7#ae ml7 ( sug> aft] ! glue is ?ick5$4 ,aft] us+ a portion1 reheat ! rema9+ 9 a cov]$ j> or conta9] to /]ilize x = /orage or keep refrig]at$4 ,if :eat fl\r is n available1 o!r fl\rs w "w4 ,,xiv4 ,updates compil$ by transcribi/s ,rabbit-wire base ,9 lat] exp]im5ts ,/ev5 ,e4 ,jones & ,*ri/oph] ,mc,millan ( ,brigham ,"y ,univ]sity te/$ diff]5t bases = ! cook+ pot us$ 9 ! ,sol> ,funnel1 publi%$ on ! web 9 ! article ,te/s ( ! ,sol> ,funnel & ,b[l ,cook]s 9 #bjja4 ,accord+ to ,jones1 ! rabbit-wire /& !y te/$ has prov5 to be mu* bett] ?an ! wood5 block detail$ 9 ?is article4 ,we f\nd imm$iately t rais+ ! vessel (f ! bottom ( ! cook] us+ a rabbit-wire /& provid$ m rapid & ev5 heat+ ?an ! wood5 block us$ previ\sly4 ,plac+ ! j> or pot on a wire /& all[s z mu* reflect$ light onto ! cook+ vessel z possible4 ,?is all[s ev5 ! bottom ( ! cook+ conta9] to absorb !rmal en]gy t is reflect$ (f ! l[] portion ( ! funnel4 ,image3 #aa4;jpg -- ,photo ,description3 ,?is photo %[s two diff]5t siz$ cyl9d]s1 made ( rabbit wire -- f5c+ mat]ial = rabbits1 made ( cross$ wires tack$ toge!r1 s to make a s+le %eet4 ,a black pot is be+ l[]$ into ! cyl9d]s1 & w come to re/ on a wire cross1 inside ! cyl9d]1 made f wires go+ f "o side ( ! cyl9d] to ! o!r4 ,r$uc$ angle ,! orig9al report describes a l>ge sol> funnel1 hav+ a #fj-;degree op5+ angle4 ,our ongo+ exp]im5ts %[ t a r$uc$ angle ( approximately #de degrees all[s ab\t #aj fa/] sol> cook+4 ,su* a funnel is %[n 9 ! photograph4 ,/>t ) ! funnel describ$ 9 ! orig9al report1 !n simply br+ ! sides ,a & ,b toge!r ) a #bj-;cm ov]lap at ! top ( ! funnel4 ,?is makes a funnel ) /eep] sides4 ,save-heat cook] 7a reta9$ heat cook] = cann+ j>s heat$ us+ ! sun or fire7 ,! photograph %[s ! ,save-,heat ,cook] :i* we h design$ & built4 ,! box is made f a poly/yr5e cube1 #cj cm on a side4 ,we h drill$ #d holes ea* ab\t #aj cm 9 diamet] into ?is block1 s t ea* holds a cann+ j>4 ,!n a lid fits ov] ! top to hold 9 ! heat4 ,:5 a j> is plac$ 9 ! sol> funnel cook]1 a maximum temp]ature ( ab\t #aaj degrees ,c is rea*$ 9 approximately #de m9utes 7dep5d+ on sol> conditions74 ,!n /eam is releas$ ar\nd ! rim ( ! cann+ j>1 :i* becomes an inexp5sive pressure cook]4 ,b ! j> w n get hott]1 s "o takes ! j> out ( ! cook] 7) a glov$ h&7 & places x into ! ,save-,heat box4 ,our exp]im5ts %[ t ! temp]ature drops sl[ly 9 ?is box1 ab\t #e degrees ,c p] h\r1 s t cook+ cont9ues = #d h\rs or s1 )\t a heat s\rce4 ,9 ?is way1 "o c prep>e up to f\r qu>ts ( food p] ,save-,heat ,cook] at mid-day1 & h ! food cook$ & hot = ! ev5+ meal6 ,or1 if desir$1 ! food w keep 9 ! box ov]night & be ready = eat+ ! next morn+4 ,?us1 a sol> cook] c supply food = mid-day1 ev5+ & ! next morn+1 z desir$4 7,ano!r design ( ! ,save-,heat ,cook] holds up to sev5 qu>t-siz$ cann+ j>s47 ,! ,save-,heat ,cook] is p>ticul>ly useful = foods su* z beans :i* take a long "t to cook4 ,food heat$ us+ a wood fire c\ld likewise be plac$ 9 a j>1 & !n ?is j> plac$ 9 ! ,save-,heat ,box1 9 ord] to save fuel-wood consumption1 & cook+ "t & ef=t4 ,! box c be *eaply mold$ out ( poly/yr5e or /yr(oam or o!r mat]ial1 s long z x is a good insulator & capable ( )/&+ temp]atures ( ar\nd #aaj degrees c5tigrade4 ,funnel-cool+ dur+ ! day ,we not$ 9 ! orig9al report t ! funnel works z a cool] at night1 by reflect+ heat out ( ! cann+ j> & up to ! cold sky4 ,we h f\nd t ?is works dur+ ! day also1 :5 ! funnel is po9t$ to a region ( ! sky away f ! sun 7& build+s1 etc474 ,we f\nd cool+ ( ab\t #ab degrees ,f41 comp>$ ) ab\t #bj degrees cool+ at night4 ,to a*ieve ?is1 ! j> 0 plac$ on a rabbit-wire support z describ$ above1 & h\s$ 9 two *eap1 cle> polye?yl5e bags1 su* z us$ = vegetables 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,hot-&-cold runn+ wat]4 ,by plac+ a l>ge funnel ar\nd a wat] b>rel1 x w be sol>-heat$ dur+ ! day1 or cool$ at night4 ,?us1 hav+ two b>rels ea* ) a funnel-l reflector ar\nd x1 & cov]+ "o :5 n sunny & ! o!r :5ev] x is sunny1 "o c h hot & cold wat]4 ,^! b>rels c\ld be plac$ on a plat=m or ro( to provide hot-&-cold runn+ wat]6 ,conclusion ,we are hopeful t ^! developm5ts w help _m p1 especially ^? 9 areas ( ! _w :]e electricity or ev5 wood or gas are 9 %ort supply1 if available at all4 ,^! ideas are (f]$ freely to all4 ,pr(4 ,/ev5 ,e4 ,jones1 ,colt] ,paulson1 ,jason ,*esley1 ,w ,%akespe>e & ,jacob ,fugal4 ,= que/ions reg>d+ ! complete ,sol> ,funnel ,cook] kit us+ alum9iz$ ,myl> & a j> = ! cook+ vessel1 please contact ,,crm at #a 7#hja7 #bib-ibaj4 ,rec5t updates to ?is project c be f\nd at http3_/_/physics#a4;byu4edu_/jones_/rel# dia_/sol>b[l4htm4