,,! ,,escul5t ,,funguses ,,( ,,engl&4 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,escul5t ,,funguses ,,( ,,engl&1 ,,conta9+ ,,an ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,_! ,,classical ,,hi/ory1 ,,uses1 ,,*>act]s1 ,,developm5t1 ,,/ructure1 ,,nutriti\s ,,prop]ties1 ,,modes ,,( ,,cook+ ,,& ,,pres]v+1 ,,etc4 ,,by ,,*>les ,,david ,,badham1 ,m4,d4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,currey1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,l4,s4 4--,,hom]4 ,illu/ration ,,london3 ,,lovell ,,reeve ,,co41 ,,h5rietta ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 #ahfc4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,john ,,edw>d ,,taylor1 ,,little ,,que5 ,,/reet1 ,,l9coln',s ,,inn ,,fields4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,my lam5t$ fri5d ,dr4 ,badham hav+ di$ s9ce ! fir/ publication ( ?is "w1 my advice 0 ask$ ^u ! subject ( ! prep>ation ( a new edition4 ,x 0 wi%$ t ! text ( ! "w %\ld be alt]$ z little z possible1 & t ! price ( ! book %\ld be mat]ially less5$4 ,! latt] object c\ld n be effect$ )\t r$uc+ ! numb] ( ! ,plates2 b x appe>$ to me t "s plates relat+ to details ( /ructure might v well be omitt$1 z well z ! figures ( a few ,italian species :i*1 al?\gh int]e/+ 9 !mselves1 are q unnecess>y 9 a book on ,briti% ,escul5t ,fungi4 ,) ! exception ( ! omission ( ! description ( ^! latt] species1 & ! addition ( ! description ( two o!r species h]eaft] ref]r$ to1 ! alt]ations 9 ! text are too trifl+ to require notice4 ,) reg>d to ! ,figures 9 ?is edition1 mo/ ( !m are ^? ( ! =m] plates1 some:at r$uc$2 a few h be5 tak5 f ! plates ( ,mr4 ,b]keley's #8,outl9es ( ,briti% ,fungology1' & a few f orig9al & o!r s\rces4 ,by a re-arrangem5t ( ! :ole1 ! r$uction 9 ! numb] ( ! ,plates has be5 effect$1 &1 at ! same "t1 figures ( all ! ,fungi repres5t$ 9 ! fir/ edition h be5 giv51 z well z ( two o!r species n !re notic$4 ,i %\ld obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t by a mi/ake ( ! arti/ an extra figure ( ! ,horse ,mu%room has be5 ins]t$ 9 ,plate ,,iv4 in/ead ( "o ( ! ,common ,mu%room4 ,! two species above allud$ to :i* 7 n figur$ 9 ! fir/ edition1 are ,tub] /ivum & ,helvella escul5ta4 ,! =m] mu/ h be5 inadv]t5tly omitt$ by ,dr4 ,badham1 z x has long be5 kn[n z abundant 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,engl&4 ,helvella escul5ta1 al?\gh allud$ to by ,dr4 ,badham1 0 n at t "t kn[n to be a ,briti% species4 ,x has s9ce be5 obs]v$ ne> ,weybridge 9 ,surrey1 :]e x occurs almo/ e spr+4 ,! plant figur$ 9 ,pl4 ,,xv4 fig4 #f ( ! fir/ edition "u ! "n ( ,lycop]don plumbeum1 is n t species1 b ,lycop]don pyri=me2 x w be f\nd at ,pl4 ,,viii4 fig4 #e4 ,dr4 ,badham /ates t all puff-balls are escul5t1 b1 judg+ f ! smell ( ,lycop]don pyri=me1 ,i %\ld mu* d\bt :e!r x w\ld make an agreeable di%4 ,lycop]don plumbeum is n[ bett] kn[n z ,bovi/a plumbea1 & ,lycop]don ,bovi/a z ,lycop]don giganteum4 ,!re is "s confusion ab\t ! synonymy ( ! plants describ$ by ,dr4 ,badham z ,ag>icus prunulus & ,ag4 exquisitus4 ,x is unnecess>y to discuss ! matt] "h1 & ,i h ?\ght x n desirable "u ! circum/ances to alt] ,dr4 ,badham's nom5clature4 ,!y appe> to be describ$ 9 ,mr4 ,b]keley's "w z ,ag4 gambosus1 ,fr41 & ,ag4 arv5sis1 ,s*ff4 ,dr4 ,badham's obs]vations on ! spores ( ,fungi mu/ be read 9 connection ) ! note add$ by him at ! conclusion ( ! "w2 & to ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 t "p ( ! subject ,i %\ld recomm5d ! p]usal ( ! sev5? *apt] ( ,mr4 ,b]keley's #8,outl9es ( ,briti% ,fungology1' & ,tulasne's rec5t "w1 #8,selecta ,fungorum ,c>pologia4' ,mr4 ,cooke1 9 8 #8,pla9 & ,easy ,acc\nt ( ,briti% ,fungi1' rec5tly publi%$1 m5tions "s species z escul5t :i* are n notic$ 9 ?is "w4 ,i h h[ev] no exp]i5ce ( _! qualities1 & mu/ ref] ! read] to ,mr4 ,cooke's book = fur!r in=mation4 ,he m5tions ,mr4 ,b]keley z an au?ority = consid]+ ,ag>icus rubesc5s z suspici\s2 b1 f long exp]i5ce1 ,i c v\* = its be+ n only :olesome1 b1 z ,dr4 ,badham says1 8a v delicate fungus40 ,f4 ,c4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,,to ,,! ,,"r ,,rev]5d ,,! ,,"l ,,bi%op ,,( ,,norwi*4 ,,my ,,"l1 ,i _h two reasons = desir+ t ?is humble p]=mance %\ld appe> "u ! sanction ( y\r ,lord%ip's "n4 ,no?+ c\ld be m fav\rable to a ,treatise on any dep>tm5t ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ?an ! approval ( "o :o has be5 s em95tly successful 9 8 cultivation ( ! same field4 ,b x is ) mu* great] confid5ce t ,i d$icate a "w1 ^: *ief object x is to furni% ! lab\r+ classes ) :olesome n\ri%m5t & pr(itable occupation1 to a high function>y ( t k+dom1 :i* is di/+ui%$ f all o!rs by recogniz+ ! claims & fur!r+ ! int]e/s ( ! poor4 ,i h ! hon\r to be1 my ,"l1 ,) great respect1 y\r ,lord%ip's ,oblig$ & humble ,s]vant1 ,c4 ,d4 ,,badham4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,,etymologies #a ,,! ,,range ,,( ,,fungus ,,gr[?s #g ,,( ,,_! ,,g5]al ,,=ms1 ,,col\rs1 ,,& ,,texture #aj ,,od\rs ,,& ,,ta/es #ac ,,expansive ,,p[] ,,( ,,gr[? #ad ,,reproductive ,,p[] #af ,,motion #af ,,phosphoresc5ce #ah ,,dim5sions #ah ,,*emical ,,composition #bj ,,uses #ba ,,m$ical ,,uses #be ,,funguses ,,consid]$ ,,z ,,an ,,article ,,( ,,diet #bg ,,modes ,,( ,,di/+ui%+ #dj ,,conditions ,,necess>y ,,to ,,_! ,,production #dg ,,fairy ,,r+s #eb ,,on ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,funguses #ec ,,on ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,spores1 ,,or ,,quasi-,,se$s#a #eh ,,( ,,! ,,annulus1 ,,! ,,velum1 ,,& ,,! ,,volva #ff ,,( ,,! ,,/alk1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,pileus #fh ,,( ,,! ,,gills1 ,,tubes1 ,,plaits1 ,,& ,,sp9es #fi ,,me?odical ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,briti% ,,escul5t ,,funguses #gb ,,description ,,( ,,species3-- ,ag>icus acris m9or #abj ,ag>icus alutaceus #aag ,ag>icus atram5t>ius #aaa ,ag>icus campe/ris #id ,ag>icus ca/aneus #adc ,ag>icus comatus #aab ,ag>icus deliciosus #ajb ,ag>icus ,dryophilus #ajg ,ag>icus emeticus #aah ,ag>icus exquisitus #ajj ,ag>icus fusipes #ada ,ag>icus het]ophyllus #aac ,ag>icus melleus #aci ,ag>icus nebul>is #ajh ,ag>icus ,orcella #abi ,ag>icus oreades #ajf ,ag>icus o/reatus #aba ,ag>icus p]sonatus #aje ,ag>icus pip]atus #add ,ag>icus proc]us #hh ,ag>icus prunulus #he ,ag>icus rub] #aae ,ag>icus rubesc5s #abc ,ag>icus sangu9eus #abj ,ag>icus semiglobatus #ajh ,ag>icus ulm>ius #adj ,ag>icus vag9atus #adb ,ag>icus violaceus #adc ,ag>icus viresc5s #aaf ,ag>icus virg9eus #ade ,boletus edulis #ij ,boletus luridus #ajd ,boletus scab] #ajc ,can?>ellus cib>ius #aaj ,clav>ia coralloides #ace ,fi/ul9a hepatica #abg ,helvella crispa #acj ,helvella lacunosa #aca ,helvella escul5ta #aca ,hydnum rep&um #abf ,lycop]don ,bovi/a #ach ,lycop]don plumbeum #acf ,mor*ella escul5ta #abc ,mor*ella semilib]a #abd ,peziza acetabulum #acc ,polyporus frondosus #acc ,tub] /ivum #ade ,v]pa digitali=mis #acb ,,conclusion #adf ,,description ,,( ,,plates4 ,,plate ,i4 ,fig4 #a4 ,ag>icus prunulus4 0 #b4 ,ag>icus p]sonatus4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,ag>icus proc]us4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,fig4 #a1 #b4 ,boletus edulis4 0 #c1 #d4 ,ag>icus het]ophyllus4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,fig4 #a4 ,polyporus frondosus4 0 #b4 ,ag>icus nebul>is4 0 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,ag>icus exquisitus4 ,,plate ,v4 ,fig4 #a4 ,helvella lacunosa4 0 #b4 ,clav>ia ame?y/9a4 0 #c4 ,clav>ia coralloides4 0 #d4 ,ag>icus deliciosus4 0 #e4 ,clav>ia c9]ea4 0 #f4 ,clav>ia rugosa4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,fig4 #a1 #b4 ,boletus scab]4 0 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,boletus luridus4 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,fig4 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,ag>icus comatus4 0 #d4 ,ag>icus oreades4 0 #e4 ,ag>icus ,dryophilus4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,fig4 #a4 ,can?>ellus cib>ius4 0 #b4 ,tub] /ivum4 0 #c1 #d4 ,hydnum rep&um4 0 #e4 ,lycop]don pyri=me4 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,fig4 #a1 #b4 ,ag>icus atram5t>ius4 0 #c4 ,ag>icus melleus4 ,,plate ,x4 ,ag>icus o/reatus4 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,fig4 #a1 #b4 ,ag>icus ,orcella4 0 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,ag>icus rubesc5s4 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,fig4 #a1 #b4 ,fi/ul9a hepatica4 0 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,helvella escul5ta4 0 #f4 ,mor*ella escul5ta4 ,,introductory ,,notice4 ,no c\ntry is p]haps ri*] 9 escul5t ,funguses ?an our own2 we h upw>ds ( ?irty species ab\nd+ 9 our woods4 ,no m>kets might !re=e be bett] suppli$ ?an ! ,engli%1 & yet ,engl& is ! only c\ntry 9 ,europe :]e ?is important & sav\ry food is1 f ignorance or prejudice1 left to p]i% unga!r$4 ,9 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,italy1 ,funguses n only con/itute = weeks toge!r ! sole diet ( ?\s&s1 b ! residue1 ei!r fre%1 dri$1 or v>i\sly pres]v$ 9 oil1 v9eg>1 or br9e1 is sold by ! poor1 & =ms a valuable s\rce ( income to _m :o h no o!r produce to br+ into ! m>ket4 ,well1 !n1 may we /yle !m1 ) ,m4 ,roques1 8! manna ( ! poor40 ,to call att5tion to an article ( comm]ce else:]e s lucrative1 ) u s :olly neglect$1 is ! object ( ! pres5t "w1 to :i* ! be/ possible introduction w be a brief ref]5ce to ! /ate ( ! fungus m>ket abroad4 ,! foll[+ brief summ>y 0 drawn up by ,pr(essor ,sangu9etti1 ! ,(ficial ,inspector 78,ispettore dei ,funghi07 at ,rome2 let x speak = itself3--8,= =ty days dur+ ! autumn1 & = ab\t half t p]iod e spr+1 l>ge quantities ( ,funguses1 pick$ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,rome1 f ,frascati1 ,rocca di ,papa1 ,albano1 beyond ,monte ,m>io t[>ds ,o/ia & ! neighb\rhood ( ! sites ( ,veii & ,gabii1 are br\ght 9 at ! diff]5t gates4 ,9 ! ye> #ahcg1 ! ,gov]nm5t in/itut$ ! s-call$ ,congregazione ,speciale di ,sanit1 :i*1 among o!r duties1 0 m p>ticul>ly requir$ to take into s]i\s consid]ation ! comm]ce ( ,funguses1 f ! unre/rict$ sale ( :i* dur+ "s ye>s pa/1 cases ( poison+ _h n unfrequ5tly occurr$4 ,! foll[+ decisions 7 arriv$ at by ?is body3-- 8#a/4 ,t = ! future an #8,inspector ( ,funguses1' v]s$ 9 botany1 %\ld be appo9t$ to att5d ! m>ket 9 place ( ! peasant1 ^: suppos$ practical k _h be5 hi!rto held z suffici5t gu>antee = ! public safety4 8#bnd4 ,t all ! ,funguses br\ght into ,rome by ! diff]5t gates %\ld be regi/]$1 "u ! surveillance ( ! pr9cipal (fic]1 9 ^: pres5ce also ! baskets 7 to be seal$ up1 & ! :ole = t day's consumption s5t "u escort to a c5tral dept4 8#crd4 ,t a c]ta9 spot %\ld be fix$ ^u = ! ,fungus m>ket1 & t nobody1 "u p5alty ( f9e & imprisonm5t1 %\ld hawk !m ab\t ! /reets4 8#d?4 ,t at sev5 o'clock ,a4,m4 precisely1 ! ,inspector %\ld pay 8 daily visit & exam9e ! :ole1 ! cont5ts ( ! baskets be+ previ\sly empti$ on ! gr\nd by ! proprietors1 :o 7 !n to receive1 if ! ,funguses 7 approv$ (1 a pr9t$ p]mission ( sale f ! police1 & to pay = x an impo/ ( "o baioc*o 7a halfp5ny7 on e t5 p\nds4 8#e?4 ,t quantities "u t5 p\nds %\ld n be tax$4 8#f?4 ,t ! /ale funguses ( ! prec$+ day1 z well z ^? t 7 m\ldy1 bruis$1 fill$ ) maggots1 or dang]\s 7muffi1 gua/i1 v]m9osi1 vel5osi71 toge!r ) any specim5 ( ! common mu%room 7,ag4 campe/ris7 detect$ 9 any ( ! baskets1 %\ld be s5t "u escort & ?r[n into ! ,tib]4 8#g?4 ,t ! ,inspector %\ld be emp[]$ to f9e or imprison all ^? refractory to ! above regulations2 &1 f9ally1 t he %\ld furni% a weekly report to ! ,tribunal ( ,provisions 7,il ,tribunale delle ,grascie7 ( ! proce$s ( ! sale4 8,z all fre% ,funguses = sale 9 quantities exce$+ t5 p\nds are weigh$1 9 ord] to be tax$1 we are enabl$ to arrive at an exact e/imate ( ! numb] ( p\nds ?us dispos$ (4 ,! return ( tax$ ,mu%rooms 9 ! city ( ,rome dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s1 gives a ye>ly av]age ( betwe5 sixty & eighty ?\s& p\nds weight2 & if we d\ble ?is am\nt1 z we may safely d1 9 ord] to include su* small] untax$ supplies z are dispos$ ( z bribes1 fees1 & pres5ts1 & reckon ! :ole at ! rate ( six baioc*i1 or ?reep5ce p] p\nd 7a fair av]age71 ?is w make ! comm]cial value ( fre% ,funguses v app>5t1 %[+ x "h to be little less ?an #bjjj a ye>40 ,b ! fre% ,funguses =m only a small "p ( ! :ole consumption1 to :i* mu/ be add$ ! dri$1 ! pickl$1 & ! pres]v$2 :i* sell at a mu* high] price ?an ! fir/4#b ,suppos+1 h[ev]1 t ) ^! additions ! supply ( all k9ds only rea*$ a sum ! d\ble ( t giv5 above1 ev5 ?is w\ld furni% u ) an annual av]age ( ne>ly f\r ?\s& p\nds /]l+2 & ?is 9 a s+le city1 & t1 too1 by no means ! mo/ popul\s "o 9 ,italy6#c ,:at1 !n1 mu/ be ! net receipts ( all ! m>ket-places ( all ! ,italian ,/ates8 ,= z 9 ^! ! proportion ( ! price ( escul5t ,funguses to but*]s' meat is z two to ?ree1 x is pla9 t prejudice has depriv$ ! poor ( ?is c\ntry1 n only ( _m ?\s& p\nds ( ! =m] b also ( z mu* ( ! latt]1 z might h be5 pur*as$ by ex*ange1 & ( ! c\ntless sums :i* might h be5 e>n$ 9 ga!r+ !m4#d ,,on ,,! ,,escul5t ,,funguses ,,( ,,engl&4 8,quos ipsa vol5tia rura ,sponte tul]e sua c>psit40--,virgil4 8,he culls f woods1 & heights1 & fields1 ,^? untax$ boons :i* nature yields40 ,,etymologies4 ,by ! ^w 1 or 1 1 :]e( ! usually receiv$ root1 7mucus71 is probably factiti\s1 ! ,greeks us$ famili>ly to designate c]ta91 b indef9ite species ( funguses1 :i* !y 7 9 ! habit ( employ+ at table4 ,?is t]m1 9 its orig9 at once trivial & re/rict$ to at mo/ a few v>ieties1 has become 9 our days classical & g5]ic2 ,mycology1 its direct d]ivative1 includ+1 9 ! language ( mod]n botany1 sev]al great sections ( plants 7_m among/ ! numb] ( microscopic m9ut5ess71 :i* h app>5tly z little to d ) ! orig9al import ( z smut1 bunt1 m\ld1 or dry-rot1 h to d ) our table mu%rooms4 ,a l indef9it5ess =m]ly *>act]iz$ ! ,lat9 ^w fungus1 ?\gh x be n[ us$ 9 z ca?olic a s5se z t ( 2 ?is1 9 ! classic times ( ,rome1 seems to h be5 conf9$ 7)\t any precise limitation1 h[ev]7 to c]ta9 sorts :i* might be eat51 & to o!rs :i* x 0 n safe to eat4 ,! 8,fungos colligit albos10#e :i* occurs 9 ,ovid's #8,fa/i1' alludes to ! =m]2 ! 8,sunt tibi boleti1 fungos ego sumo suillos10 ( ,m>tial1 po9ts to an inf]ior k9d1 b /ill escul5t2 :il/ ! ^w n unfrequ5tly designat$1 if n actual toad/ools1 at lea/ v equivocal mu%rooms2 ( :i* "* 7 ^? 8ancipites fungi0 pres5t$ by ,vei5to to 8 poor cli5ts4 ,"s melan*oly etymologi/s1 ^u :om good mu%rooms are really ?r[n away1 w\ld beget fungus out ( funus1 b ,voss#f judici\sly rejects s h>% & =c$ a d]ivation1 m5tion+ toge!r ) x o!rs t are /ill m s4 ,! ^w ,boletus1 :i* n[ /&s = a l>ge g5us ( ! section ,pileati1 0 us$ 9 anci5t ,rome to designate t p>ticul> mu%room :i* _h ! hon\r1 "u ,agripp9a's ord]s & ,locu/a's cook]y1 ( poison+ ,claudius2 9 memory ( :i* ev5t x is n[ call$ ,amanita ,cs>ea1 ! ,cs>'s mu%room4 ,x occurs frequ5tly bo? 9 ! poets & prose writ]s ( ^? days1 & 0 9 high e/eem1 z we collect f ,pl9y1 :o1 ?\gh no mu%room-fanci] himself1 calls ?is 8,boletus optimi cibi40 ,n]o1 9 playful allusion to 8 uncle's dea?1 ( :i* x 0 ! occasion1 designates x ! #8food ( gods1' 2 & ,m>tial celebrates x 9 _m a convivial epigram2 9 "o1 = in/ance1 :]e he asks 8 h>d-he>t$ patron1 8:at possible pleasure x c be = 8 gue/s to sit at 8 table1 & see him dev\r boletuses20 9 ano!r1 8gold & silv] & dresses may be tru/$ to a mess5g]1 b n a boletus1 7subaudi7 because he w eat x on ! way40 ,?is is ! only anci5t mu%room :i* we at once recognize by ! description ( x2 8x orig9ates10 says ,pl9y1 89 a volva1 or purse1 9 :i* x lies at fir/ conceal$ z 9 an egg2 break+ ?r\gh ?is1 x rises upw>ds on its /alk2 ! col\r ( its cap is r$2 x takes a week to pass ?r\gh ! v>i\s /ages ( its gr[? & decl5sion40 ,! suillus--probably ! same z ! mod]n porc9o 7a ^w ( analog\s import71 :i* 01 & is1 eat5 by m5 z well z pigs1 & n always by ^!#g--01 accord+ to ,pl9y1 ! fungus :i* mo/ readily l5t itself to poison+ by mi/ake2 a rem>k s f> consonant to mod]n exp]i5ce1 t x is liable1 )\t "s att5tion1 to be conf\nd$ ) ! ,boletus luridus1 ,b4 cyanesc5s1 & o!rs1 :i* 9 _! g5]al %ape & ext]nal hue resemble x1 ?\gh x is n by any means c]ta9 t any ( ^! species1 ) :i* x may be conf\nd$1 are !mselves poison\s4#h ,! ^w tub]1 ?\gh x occasionally 7z 9 ,juv5al7 meant ! truffle1 seems to h be5 us$ ) consid]able latitude4 ,?us ! tub]s said to spr+ up aft] ^? optatos imbres1 ^? 8long-wi%$-= %[]s ( spr+10 71 probably1 n truffles1 b puff-balls1 :i*1 at ! season ( w>m ra9s gr[ ) incr$ible rapidity1 =m+ an e/eem$ article ( luxury1 n only 9 ,italy1 b also 9 ,india2 :]eas ! truffle nev] makes its appe>ance 9 ! m>kets at su* times1 nor comes up s imm$iately aft] ra94 ,tub]1 l our anci5t 8fusseball10 seems a common appellation bo? = truffles & puff-balls4 ,:at ! anci5ts und]/ood by hydnum is z little precise or discrim9ate z ! la/ ^w2 = ,!ophra/us decl>es x to h a light b>k1 1 9 :i* case x is a puff-ball1 :ile ! plant call$ 1 :i* is said to indicate ! :]eab\ts ( hydna 9 its neighb\rhood1 c only ref] to ! truffle4 ,! truffle1 h[ev]1 :i* is n[ s mu* priz$ ?r\gh\t ,europe1 seems n to h be5 kn[n to ! anci5ts1 at lea/ x is n describ$ by !m4#i ,t :i* ! ,greeks call$ misy1 & ! ,romans ! ,libyan truffle1#aj 0 :ite & ( v delici\s flav\r1 :il/ by hydnum 7:5 ?is ^w really meant truffle7 !y usually designat$ a p>ticul> k9d be>+ a smoo? r$ r9d1 & ab\nd+ 9 c]ta9 di/ricts ( ,italy2 b hav+ no *ance aga9/ ! black1 nodulat$ tub] tub]um1 ! truffle p> excell5ce1 f\nd 9 su* abundance 9 ! vic9ities ( ,rome1 ,flor5ce1 ,si5a1 etc41 &1 above all1 among/ ! ,nursian hills ( ,umbria1 ov] aga9/ ,spoleto1 :5ce x is l>gely export$ ?r\gh\t & beyond ,italy4 ,"u ! "n ,peziza1 ! anci5ts appe> at times to describe1 unconsci\sly1 a ,scl]od]ma or species ( puff-ball aft] x has evacuat$ its se$1 :5 x pres5ts a flatt5$ surface1 & s f> looks l a ,peziza1 ) :i*1 9 fact1 x has no connection4 ,by ,amanita1 ,gal5 int5d$ "s k9d ( escul5t fungus1 b we "k n :i*2 ?is ^w has n[ come to h a m ext5sive import1 & to designate1 besides "o or two species t are good1 _m ( ! mo/ dang]\s "*4 ,:atev] ! anci5t ,amanita may h be51 x 0 =m]ly 9 high repute2 ,gal5 decl>es t1 next to ! ,boletus1 x is to eat--9 :i* good report ( x he is abundantly borne out by ! concurr5t te/imony ( ,nic&]4 ,:at ,dioscorides meant by is ano!r unc]ta9ty1 to resolve :i* we h n suffici5t data2 "o ?+ seems pla91 t x c\ld n h be5 our (fic9al ,ag>ic1 = t gr[s ^u ! ,l>*1 :]eas 8 ,ag>icon grew ^u ! ,c$>4 ,julius ,scalig] amuses himself at ! exp5se ( ,a!nu = say+ t ,ag>icus is s call$ f ! c\ntry ( ,ag>ia1 :5ce he w\ld make out t x orig9ally came2 :]eas !re nev] 0 su* a c\ntry1 8 ,ag>ia be+1 l our ,poiatia1 only ano!r synonym = ,fancy's fairyl&4#aa ,! words *ampignon & mu%room h bo? a ,fr5* orig91 ?\gh1 l ! correspond+ d]ivatives f ! ,greek & ,lat91 !y too h come to signify ?+s diff]5t f :at !y orig9ally designat$2 *ampignon1 = example1 ( :i* *amp w\ld seem to be ! root1 is g5]ic 9 ,france4 ,! #8,traits sur les ,*ampignons' ( ,bulli>d1 ,p]soon1 ,paulet1 ,cordi]1 & ,roques1 are treatises ( funguses 9 g5]e2 :il/ 9 ,engl& we re/rict ! ^w *ampignon to "o small ,ag>ic1 :i*1 z x gr[s 9 ! s-call$ 8fairy-r+s10 is h5ce nam$ ,ag4 oreades4 ,aga91 !re c be no d\bt t our ^w mu%room 7:i*1 z contradi/+ui%$ f toad/ool1 is s f> g5]ic7 comes f ! ,fr5* m\c]on 7orig9ally spelt m\ss]on71 & belongs ( "r to t mo/ da9ty ( funguses1 ! ,a4 prunulus1 :i* gr[s amid/ t5d] h]bage & moss 7:5ce its "n71 & :i* is ju/ly consid]$1 ov] almo/ ! :ole cont95t ( ,europe1 z ! ne plus ultra ( cul9>y fri&ise4 ,x ab\nds 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,engl&1 be+ ev]y:]e trodd5 und]foot1 or reap$ d[n1 or dug up z a nuisance1 :ile ! r+s :i* x s s$ul\sly =ms are z s$ul\sly de/roy$4 ,! v od\r :i* x exhales "u ^! injuries1 :i* ! ,fr5* call 8un p>fum exquis aromatis10#ab & ! ,italians1 8un odore gratissimo10#ac is 9 ,engl& occasionally cit$ to its disadvantage 9 confirmation ( its suppos$ noxi\s qualities4 ,?us1 :ile we use ! ^w mu%room1 :i* is ! prop] appellation ( ?is species1 = ano!r 7v good1 no d\bt1 b :olly unlike x 9 its botanical *>act]s1 flav\r1 & appe>ance71 ?is neglect$1 & ignorantly neglect$1 species1 f9ds itself depriv$ ( its rightful "n1 & proscrib$ z a toad/ool4 ,! orig9 ( ?is la/ ^w1 toad/ool1 :i* makes !m seats or ?rones = toads1 does n q satisfy me1 ,i confess1 ?\gh !re be d\ghty au?orities = x 9 ,johnson's ,diction>y & 9 ,sp5s]'s #8,fa]y ,que5'6 8,! grisly tode/ool gr[n !re m\ght ,i see1 ,& loa!d paddocks lord+ on ! same20 &1 ?\gh an anonym\s ,italian au?ority decl>es t1 9 ,g]many1 !y h actually be5 se5 sitt+ on _! /ools1#ad /ill1 ev5 9 ,g]many1 x mu/ be admitt$ t !y d n use !m z frequ5tly z we might expect1 _h !y be5 creat$ = ?is end4 ,9 t mo/ grisly & gha/ly waxwork exhibition at ,flor5ce1 repres5t+ a *>nel-h\se fill$ ) ! rec5t victims to a rag+ plague1 9 e /age ( decomposition1 ! toad & 8 /ool are n =gott52 b ! arti/1 :o _h "h to deal ) matt]1 & to consult :at x w\ld be>1 has n put 8 toads ^u ^! brittle /ools1 le/1 giv+ way1 bo? %\ld come to ! gr\nd2 he has be5 cont5t to conv]t !m into toad-umbrellas1 & to spread !m z an awn+ ov] _! heads4#ae ,,! ,,range ,,( ,,fungus ,,gr[?s4 ,! family ( ,funguses1 9 ! compreh5sive s5se 9 :i* we n[ employ ! t]m1 is imm5se4 ,m]ely catalogu$ & describ$1 !re are suffici5t to fill an octavo volume ( ne>ly #djj pages ( close pr9t1 ( ,briti% species alone2 altoge!r1 !re _c be less ?an #ejjj recogniz$ species at pres5t kn[n1 & ea* ye> adds new ones to ! li/4 ,! read]'s surprise at ?is w some:at dim9i%1 :5 he consid]s1 t n only ! toad/ools :i* beset 8 walks1 :e!r gr[+ ^u ! gr\nd or at ! roots ( trees1 belong to ?is class1 b t ! imm5se hordes ( p>asites :i* fe$ at 8 exp5se1 & f\l1 l ! ,h>pies1 :atev] !y may n actually consume1 belong to x also4 ,= ! s+le mu%room t we eat1 h[ _m hundr$s !re be t retaliate & prey ^u u 9 return6 ,to enum]ate b a few1 & ^! ( ! microscopic k9ds 7on ! o!r side are "s :i* ! arms c sc>cely embrace73 ! ,mucor muc$o1 t spawns ^u our dri$ pres]ves2 ! ,ascophora muc$o1 t makes our bread m\ldy 78mucid fru/ra f>90#af72 ! ,ur$o segetum1 t burns ,c]es out ( h] own cornfields2 ! ,ur$o rubigo1 ^: ru/ is /ill m de/ructive2 & ! ,pucc9ia gram9is1 ^: voracity sets corn-laws & f>m]s at defiance1 are all funguses6 ,s is ! grey ,monilia1 t rots1 & !n fatt5s ^u1 our fruits2 & ! ,mucor h]b>iorum1 t de/roys ! c>eful glean+s ( ! pa9/ak+ botani/4 ,:5 our be] becomes mo!ry1 ! "m ( t mis*ief is a fungus4 ,if pickles acquire a bad ta/e1 if ket*up turns ropy & putrifies1 funguses h a f+] 9 x all6 ,_! reign /ops n "h2 !y prey ^u ea* o!r2 !y ev5 select _! victims6 ,!re is ! ,myro!cium viride1 :i* w only gr[ ^u dry ,ag>ics1 pref]r+ *iefly1 = ?is purpose1 ! ,ag>icus adu/us2 ! ,mucor#ag *rysosp]mus1 :i* attacks ! fle% ( a p>ticul> ,boletus2 ! ,scl]otium cornutum1 :i* visits "s o!r moi/ mu%rooms 9 decay4 ,!re are "s ,xylomas t w spot ! leaves ( ! ,maple1 & "s ^? ( ! ,will[1 exclusively4 ,! nak$ se$s ( "s are f\nd burr[+ betwe5 ! opposite surface ( leaves2 "s love ! neighb\rhood ( burnt /ubble & *>r$ wood2 "s visit ! sculptor 9 8 /udio1 gr[+ up amid/ ! heaps ( moi/5$ m>ble du/ t h cak$ & consolidat$ "u 8 saw4 ,! ,racodium ( ! l[ cell>#ah fe/oons its ceil+1 %ags its walls1 & wraps its ?ick coat r\nd our w9e-casks1#ai keep+ our olde/ w9e 9 close/ bond2 :ile ! ,gea/rum1 aspir+ occasionally to leave ?is e>?1 has be5 f\nd susp5d$1 l ,mahomet's c(f91 betwe5 x & ! />s1 on ! v highe/ p9nacle ( ,/4 ,paul's4#bj ,! close cavities ( nuts occasionally af=d concealm5t to "s species2 o!rs1 l lee*es1 /ick to ! bulbs ( plants1 & suck !m dry2 ^! 7! ar*itect's & %ip-build]'s bane7 pick timb] to pieces1 z m5 pick oakum2 nor d !y conf9e _! selective ravages to plants alone1 !y atta* !mselves to animal /ructures1 & de/roy animal life2 ! ,onyg5a equ9a has a p>ticul> fancy = ! ho(s ( horses & = ! horns ( cattle1 /ick+ to ^! alone2 ! belly ( a tropical fly#ba is liable1 9 autumn1 to break out into vegetable tufts ( fung\s gr[?1 & ! cat]pill> to c>ry ab\t on 8 body a ,cordyceps l>g] ?an himself4 ,! disease call$ ,muscad9e1 :i* de/roys s _m silkworms1 is also a fungus 7,botrytis ,bassiana71 :i* 9 a v %ort "t completely fills ! worm ) filam5ts v unlike ^? x is 9 ! habit ( secret+4#bb ,! vegetat+ wasp1#bc too1 ( :i* ev]ybody has he>d1 is only ano!r my/]i\s bl5d+ ( vegetable ) insect life4 ,la/ly1 & to take brea?1 funguses visit ! w>ds ( our hospitals1 & gr[ out ( ! products ( surgical disease4#bd ,:]e1 !n1 are !y n to be f\nd8 d !y n ab\nd1 l ,ph>aoh's plagues1 ev]y:]e8 is n _! "n legion1 & _! prov9ce ubiquity8#be ,,( ,,_! ,,g5]al ,,=ms1 ,,col\rs1 ,,texture1 ,,ta/es1 ,,smells1 ,,etc4 ,:at geometry %all def9e _! ev]-v>y+ %apes8 :o b a ,v5etian pa9t] d ju/ice to _! col\rs8#bf or :at modifications ( #8s(t' & #8h>d' convey an adequate k ( all _! v>i\s crases & consi/5cies8 ,z to %apes1 "s are simple ?reads1 l ! ,byssus1 & nev] get beyond ?is2 "s %oot out into bran*es1 l seawe$2 "s puff !mselves out into puff-balls2 "s ?ru/ _! heads into mitres2#bg ^! assume ! %ape ( a cup1#bh & ^? ( a w9e-funnel2#bi "s1 l ,a4 mammosus1 h a teat2 o!rs1 l ! ,a4 clypeol>ius1 are umbonat$ at _! c5tre2 ^! are /ilt$ ^u a high leg1#cj & ^? h n a leg to /& on2 "s are %ell-%ap$1 _m bell-%ap$1 & "s hang ^u _! /alks l a lawy]'s wig2#ca "s assume ! =m ( ! horse's ho(1 o!rs ( a goat's be>d3 9 ,cla?rus cancellatus y look into ! fungus ?r\gh a ?ick r$ trellis :i* surr\nds x4 ,"s exhibit a ne/ 9 :i* !y re> _! "y1#cb &1 n to speak ( ^? vague %apes1 8,if %apes !y c be call$1 t %ape h none ,det]m9ate10 ( su* tree p>asites z are fa9 to m\ld !mselves at ! w ( _! ent]ta9] 7! fate ( p>asites1 :e!r "u oak or mahogany71 m5tion may be made ( two1 ( :i* ! =ms are at once s+ul> & con/ant2 "o exactly l an e>1 & giv5 = "s good reason to ,judas 7,auricula ,jud71 cl+s to sev]al trees1 & trembles :5 y t\* x2 ! o!r1 :i* lolls out f ! b>k ( *e/nut-trees 7,l+ua di ,ca/agna71 is s l a tongue 9 %ape & g5]al appe>ance1#cc t 9 ! days ( en*ant$ trees y w\ld n h cut x (f to pickle or to eat on any acc\nt1 le/ ! knight to :om x belong$ %\ld aft]w>ds come to claim x ( y4 ,! above are among/ ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! _m ,protean =ms assum$ by funguses2 z to _! col\rs1 we f9d 9 "o g5us only species :i* correspond to e hue6 ,! ,ag>icus ,cs>eus1 ! ,a4 musc>ius1 ! ,a4 sangu9eus1 assume ! imp]ial purple1 ! ,a4 violaceus a beautiful violet1 ! ,a4 sulphureus a bright yell[1 ! ,a4 adu/us a d+y black1 ! ,a4 exquisitus1 & _m o!rs1 a milk-:ite2 :il/ ! ,a4 viresc5s takes t :i*1 9 ?is class ( plants1 is ! r>e/ ( all to meet )1 a pale-gre5 col\r4 ,! upp] surface ( "s is zon$ ) conc5tric circles ( diff]5t hues2 sometimes x is spott$1 at o!r times ( a uni=m t9t4 ,! bonnets ( "s %9e z if !y 7 spr9kl$ ) mica2#cd ^! h a ri* velvety1 ^? a smoo? kid-l cov]+ /ret*$ ov] !m4 ,"s pilei are imbricat$ ) br[n scales1 "s flock$ ) :ite %r$s ( membrane1 & "s are /a9$ ) v>i\s-col\r$ milks secret$ f )94 ,! consi/5ce ( funguses is v diff]5t accord+ to _! sort1 & ! epi!ts ( woody1 corky1 lea!ry1 spongy1 fle%y1 gelat9\s1 pulpy1 or muc\s1 w all f9d fitt+ application to "s ( !m4 ,occasionally a fungus is secret$ s(t1 b h>d5s by degrees into a compact & woody texture4 ,,od\rs ,,& ,,ta/es4 ,bo? "o & ! o!r are f> m num]\s 9 ?is class ( plants ?an 9 any o!r ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,z to od\rs1 ?\gh ^! be g5]ally mo/ p[]ful 9 ! fre% condition ( ! fungus1 !y are sometimes increas$ by dry+ x1 dur+ :i* process too "s species1 inodor\s be=e1 acquire an od\r1 & n always a pleasant "o4 ,"s yield an insupportable /5*2 ! ,phallus impudicus & ,cla?rus cancellatus are ( ?is k9d4 ,a botani/ _h by mi/ake tak5 "o ( ! =m] into 8 b$room2 he 0 soon awak5$ by an intol]able ftor1 & 0 glad to op5 8 w9d[ & get rid ( x1 z he hop$1 & ! ,phallus toge!r4 ,"h he 0 disappo9t$2 8sublat caus non tollitur effectus10 ! ftor rema9+ ne>ly ! same = "s h\rs aft]w>ds4 ,a lady1 a fri5d ( m9e1 :o 0 draw+ "o 9 a room1 0 oblig$ to take x into ! op5 air to complete h] sket*4 ,z to ! ,cla?rus1 ,i h f\nd t5 m9utes 9 a room ) x n9e too _m3 x becomes insupportably (f5sive 9 a %ort "t1 & its infective /5* has giv5 rise to a sup]/ition ent]ta9$ ( x ?r\gh\t ! ,l&es1 viz4 t x is capable ( produc+ canc]--9 consequ5ce ( :i* sup]/ition ! inhabitants1 :o call x ,cancr\1 or ,canc]1 cov] x c>efully ov]1 le/ by accid5t "s "o %\ld *ance to t\* x1 & become infect$ ) t horrible disease 9 consequ5ce4#ce ,bats* has describ$ an ,ag>ic#cf ( s p[]ful & peculi> a smell1 t be=e he c\ld f9i% 8 picture 7= he 0 draw+ x7 a viol5t heada*e made him desi/1 8vehem5ti afficieb> capitis dolore40 ,( ! o!rs1 "s are graveol5t 9 a sav\ry or 9 an unsav\ry s5se4 ,?is smells /rong ( onions1#cg t ( c9namon1#ch f :i* x takes its "n2 ! ,a4 o/reatus 7auct4 no/47 mo/ p[]fully ( ,t>ragon2 ,a4 odoratus1 & ! ,can?>ellus1 l apricots & ratafia 7,purton72 ,boletus salic9us1 8l ! bloom ( ,may0 7,abbott72 ! ,a4 sangu9eus1 :5 dry1 sav\rs ( a /ale p\ltice2 ,a4 pip]atus1 ( ! ,triglia1 or r$ mullet2 ! ,hydna g5]ally give out a smell ( tall[2 m\lds h _! own smells1 :i* are m\ldy & mu/y2 "s exhale ! smell ( putrid meat1 _m ! od\r ( fre% meal2 ! spawn ( ,a4 prunulus & ( ! puff-balls 7,lycop]dons7 exhale an od\r simil> to ! p]fect plants2 b ! ,pietra funghaia1 fill$ ) ! spores ( its own ,polyporus1 is )\t smell4 ,:5 fre%1 !re is sc>cely any p]ceptible od\r 9 ,boletus edulis or ,b4 luridus1 nor yet 9 ! ,a4 ,cs>eus :5 rec5tly ga!r$4 ,a ^w ab\t _! ta/es w suffice3 ) s _m smells1 !y mu/ ne$s h flav\rs to correspond1 & s !y h2 sapid1 sweet1 s\r1 pepp]y1 ri*1 rank1 acrid1 nause\s1 bitt]1 /yptic1 might be all f\nd 9 an ,engli% 8gradus0 7?\gh at pres5t1 ,i am sorry to say1 )\t any l9es f poets 9 ^: writ+s !y occur71 aft] ! ^w #8,fungus4' ,9 a few1 g5]ally ( an unsafe "*1 !re is little or no ta/e 9 ! m\? :ile !y are be+ ma/icat$1 b %ortly aft] deglutition1 ! fauces become dry1 & a s5se ( m or less con/riction is apt to sup]v5e1 :i* frequ5tly cont9ues = "s "t aft]w>ds4 ,,expansive ,,p[] ,,( ,,gr[?4 ,s(t & yield+ z vegetable /ructures appe> to ! t\*1 ! expansive =ce ( _! gr[? is almo/ beyond calculation4 ,! effects ( ?is p[]1 ( :i* ! exp]i5ce ( e "o w furni% him ) "s in/ances1 are p]haps n[h]e m /rik+ly exemplifi$ ?an amid/ ! ru9s ( its own creation4 ,coeval ) _m old brick fabrics ( e>li] times1 p]haps emb$d$ 9 ! v mort> :i* holds !m toge!r1 x may lurk !re = c5turies 9 quiesc5ce1 till once ar\s+ its en]gies1 x cont9ues to ex]t !m 9 ceaseless activity ev] aft]4 ,x has at ,rome plant$ its p9k ,val]ians on h] highe/ t[]s1 & its wild fig-tree 9 ! brea*es ( h] walls2 nor are ! granite obelisks ( h] piazzas1 nor ! classic gr\ps 9 m>ble on h] ,quir9al m\nt1 entirely exempt f its encroa*m5ts4 ,a conspiracy ( plants1 "o hundr$ /rong1 h long ago plann$ ! de/ruction ( ! ,coliseum2 _! und]m9+ process advances ea* ye>1 & nei!r iron nor new brickwork c arre/ x long4 ,t old ,roman cem5t1 :i* ! b>b>ians gave up z impracticable1 & ! pickaxe ( ! ,b>b]9i _h b begun to dis9tegrate1 w1 ere ! lapse ( ano!r c5tury1 be effectually pull$ to pieces by ! r5d+ arm ( vegetation4 ,"h1 z er/ 9 ,juv5al's "t1 ! mala ficus f9ds no walls too /rong to rive asund]1 no t[] beyond ! rea* ( its scal+1 no monum5t too sacr$ = x to t\*4 ,9 ! class ( plants imm$iately "u consid]ation1 :ile ! expansive ef=t ( gr[? is equal to :at x is 9 o!r cases1 its effects are f> m />tl+ f _! sudd5ness4 ,m4 ,bulli>d 7to cite "o or two in/ances out ( a great _m7 relates1 t on plac+ a ,phallus impudicus )9 a glass vessel1 ! plant exp&$ s rapidly z to %iv] its sides ) an explosive detonation z l\d z t ( a pi/ol4 ,dr4 ,c>p5t]1 9 8 #8,elem5ts ( ,physiology1' m5tions t 89 ! neighb\rhood ( ,bas+/oke a pav+-/one1 measur+ tw5ty-"o in*es squ>e1 & weigh+ eighty-?ree p\nds1 0 completely rais$ an in* & a half out ( its b$ by a mass ( toad/ools1 ( f six to sev5 in*es 9 diamet]1 & t ne>ly ! :ole pavem5t ( ! t[n suff]$ displacem5t f ! same cause40 ,a fri5d has se5 a crop ( puff-balls raise l>ge flag/ones consid]ably above ! plane ( _! orig9al level2 & ,i h myself rec5tly witness$ an ext5sive displacem5t ( ! pegs ( a wood5 pavem5t :i* _h be5 driv5 n9e in*es into ! gr\nd1 b 7 heav$ up irregul>ly1 9 sev]al places1 by small b\quets ( ,ag>ics1 gr[+ f bel[4 ,,reproductive ,,p[]4 ,funguses h a rem>kable p[] ( re-=m+ su* p>ts ( _! sub/ance z h be5 accid5tally or o!rwise remov$4 ,vittad9i f\nd t :5 ! tubes ( a ,boletus 7 cut out f a gr[+ plant1 !y 7 aft] a "t reproduc$4 ,:]e deep holes h be5 eat5 into ^! plants by snails1 su* holes1 on ! ,boletus atta9+ to its full gr[?1 are p>tially refill$4 ,if ! t5d] ,polyporus be cut across1 ! w\nd imm$iately sets ab\t heal+ by ! fir/ int5tion1 leav+ n ev5 a cicatrice to m>k ! orig9al seat ( ! injury4 ,! ,lycop]dons 7,bovi/a71 :i* are (t5 accid5tally w\nd$ by ! scy!1 h ! same faculty ( repair+ ! injury1 remodell+ afre% ! p>ts t may h be5 excis$ f !m4#ci ,,motion4 ,9 a rec5t "w on #8,insect ,life1' ,i h disc\rs$ some:at at l>ge on ! insuffici5cy ( any k9d ( movem5ts z pro(s ( s5sation1 quot+1 amid/ o!r evid5ces to ?is effect1 c]ta9 rem>kable movem5ts 9 plants4 ,"s ( ! pres5t family exhibit ! ph5om5a ( ins5sitive motion 9 a rem>kable mann]1 & might h be5 add$ to ! li/ already cit$ 9 t publication4 ,mr4 ,robson has giv5 u a v int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! movem5ts he obs]v$ 9 ! sc>let ,cla?rus1 :i* is "h transcrib$ 9 8 own words4 ,x is int]e/+ to notice h[ an unbiass$ obs]v] uses ! v t]ms to designate ! movem5ts ( a plant :i* w\ld h be5 m9utely descriptive ( ^? ( an insect3--8,at fir/ ,i 0 mu* surpris$ to see a "p ( ! fibres1 t _h got ?r\gh a rupture 9 ! top ( ! ,cla?rus1 mov+ l ! legs ( a fly :5 laid on 8 back4 ,i !n t\*$ x ) ! po9t ( a p91 & 0 /ill m surpris$ :5 ,i saw x pres5t ! appe>ance ( a little bundle ( worms entangl$ toge!r1 ! fibres be+ all alive4 ,i next took ! little bundle ( fibres q out1 & ! animal motion 0 !n s /rong z to turn ! head halfway r\nd1 fir/ "o way & !n ano!r1 & two or ?ree times x got out ( ! focus4 ,almo/ e fibre _h a diff]5t motion2 "s ( !m tw9$ r\nd "o ano!r1 & !n untw9$ aga91 :il/ o!rs 7 b5d+1 ext5d+1 coil+1 wav+1 etc4 ,! fibres _h _m little balls adh]+ to _! sides1 :i* ,i take to be ! se$s1 & ,i obs]v$ _m ( !m to be dis5gag$ at e motion ( ! fibres2 ! se$s appe>$ l gunp[d] f9ely granulat$40 ,in/ances f o!r au?ors ab\nd4 8,an ,helvella inflata1 on be+ t\*$ by me once1 ?rew up its se$s 9 ! =m ( a smoke1 :i* arose ) an ela/ic b\nd1 glitt]+ 9 ! sun%9e l p>ticles ( silv]40#dj 8,! ,vibrissea truncorum1 tak5 f wat] & expos$ to ! rays ( ! sun1 ?\gh at fir/ smoo?1 is soon cov]$ ) :ite g5iculat$ filam5ts1 :i* />t f ! hym5ium1 & h an oscillat+ motion40#da ,! ,pilobolus1 ( :i* s accurate an acc\nt has be5 giv5 u by ! great ,flor5t9e mycologi/1#db ca/s1 z its "n imports1 its se$s into ! air2 ^! also escape ) a /rong projectile =ce f ! upp] surface ( ,pezizas1 ! anfractuosities ( ! ,morel1 & f ! gills ( ,ag>ics4#dc ,,phosphoresc5ce4 ,sev]al k9ds ( funguses1 & ! spawn ( ! truffle1 emit a phosphoresc5t light2 ( ! fir/1 ! ,ag>icus ole>ius1 n uncommon 9 ,italy1 is sometimes se5 at night1 feebly %9+ amid/ ! d>kness ( ! olive grove4 ,! coal-m9es ne> ,dresd5 h long be5 celebrat$ = ! production ( funguses :i* emit a light simil> to a pale moonlight4 ,mr4 ,drummond describes an ,au/ralian fungus ) simil> prop]ties2 & ano!r v int]e/+ "o1 an ,ag>ic1 is notic$ by ,mr4 ,g>dn]1 9 8 #8,travels 9 ,brazil4'#dd ,,dim5sions4 ,mo/ funguses d n pres5t great anomalies 9 _! size1 b reta9 ne>ly ! same dim5sions ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\rse ( _! be+2 "s few species1 h[ev]1 seem to h a faculty ( almo/ indef9ite expansion4 ,! usual size ( a puff-ball1 z we all "k1 is n mu* l>g] ?an an egg1 b "s puff-balls atta9 to ! dim5sions ( ! human head1#de or exce$ x4 ,mr4 ,b]keley quotes ! case ( a ,polyporus squamosus1 :i* 9 ?ree weeks grew to sev5 feet five in*es 9 p]iph]y1 & weigh$ ?irty-f\r p\nds2 also ( a ,polyporus frax9eus1 :i* 9 a few ye>s measur$ =ty-two in*es across4 ,clusius#df tells u ( a fungus 9 ,pannonia1 ( su* imm5se size1 t aft] satisfy+ ! crav+s ( a l>ge mycophil\s h\sehold1 en\gh ( x rema9$ to fill a *>iot2 ?is mu/ h be5 ! ,polyporus frondosus1 to :i* ,polyporus ,john ,bapt4 ,porta#dg also alludes z t call$ gall9ace#dh by ! ,neapolitans1 :i* is s big1 he says1 t y c sc>cely make y\r h&s meet r\nd x1 8bra*iis diductis vix homo complecti possit20 he _h kn[n x atta9 twelve p\nds weight 9 a few days4#di ,bolton1 9 #aghg1 f\nd an ,ag>icus musc>ius1 :i*1 8aft] ! removal ( a consid]able portion ( its /alk1 weigh$ ne>ly two p\nds20 ,)]+1 an ,a4 ,georgii1 8:i* weigh$ f\rte5 p\nds10 & ,mr4 ,/ackh\se ano!r ( ! same species 9 ,cornwall1 8:i* 0 eighte5 in*es across1 & _h a /em z ?ick z a man's wri/20 & ,i lately pick$ 9 ! p>k at ,buckhur/1 a ,boletus edulis :i* measur$ tw5ty-eight in*es r\nd its pileus1 & eight r\nd ! /em1 & a few days lat] a ,b4 pa*ypus1 ! gir? ( :i* 0 ?irty-two in*es4 ,,*emical ,,composition4 ,( all vegetable productions ^! are ! mo/ highly azotiz$1 t is1 animaliz$ 9 _! composition--a fact n only ev9c$ by ! /rong cadav]\s smell :i* "s ( !m give out 9 decay1 & by ! sav\ry animaliz$ meat :i* o!rs af=d at table1 b on ! evid5ce ( *emi/ry also4 ,?us ,dr4 ,m>cet has prov$ t1 l animals1 !y absorb a l>ge quantity ( oxyg51 & dis5gage 9 return1 f _! surface1 a l>ge quantity ( c>bonic acid2 all h[ev] d n exhale c>bonic acid1 b1 9 lieu ( x1 "s give out hydrog51 & o!rs azotic gas4 ,!y yield1 moreov]1 to *emical analysis ! sev]al compon5ts ( :i* animal /ructures are made up2 _m ( !m1 9 addition to sug>1 gum1 res91 a peculi> acid call$ fungic acid1 & a v>iety ( salts1 furni% consid]able quantities ( album51 adipocire1 & osmazome1 :i* la/ is t pr9ciple t gives its peculi> flav\r to meat gravy4 ,! ,polyporus sulphureus is frequ5tly cov]$ ) little cry/als ( ! b9oxalate ( pota%2#ej ! ,ag>icus pip]atus yields ! acetate ( pota%1#ea & x is probable t o!r funguses ( :i* we h z yet no record$ analysis w1 on ! in/itution ( su*1 be f\nd to conta9 "s new & unexpect$ +r$i5t peculi> to !mselves4 ,:5 ^! sev]al sub/ances h be5 duly extract$ f funguses1 !re is left beh9d = a common base ! solid /ructure ( ! plant itself2 ?is1 :i* is call$ fung9e1 is :ite1 flabby1 insipid 9 its ta/e1 b highly nutriti\s 9 its prop]ties4 ,if nitric acid be p\r$ ^u x1 an imm$iate dis5gagem5t ( azotic gas takes place1 & sev]al new sub/ances are ! result3 a bitt] pr9ciple1 a r$di% res9oid matt]1 hydrocyanic & oxalic acids1 & two rem>kable fatty sub/ances1 :]e( "o resembles tall[1 ! o!r wax4 ,if dilute sulphuric acid be p\r$ ^u ?is fung9e1 no *ange ensues2 b if muriatic acid be sub/itut$1 ! result is a jelly4 ,,uses4 ,! uses to :i* funguses h be5 put are v>i\s1 &1 _h ! prop]ties ( ^! plants be5 z ext5sively inve/igat$ z ^? :i* belong to ! phan]ogamic classes1 !y w\ld probably by ?is "t h prov$ /ill m num]\s3 "s1 z ! ,polyporus sulphureus1 furni% a useful col\r = dye+2#eb ! ,ag>icus atram5t>ius makes ink2 div]s ,lycop]dons1 ( :i* o!r m5tion w be made pres5tly :5 we come to speak ( su* species z are escul5t1 h also be5 employ$ = /upefy+ bees1 = /an*+ blood1 & = mak+ t9d]2 _! employm5t 9 ! fir/ ( ^! capacities1 seems to h escap$ ! obs]vation ( ! accurate au?or ( #8,les ,j>d9s1' :o has m5tion$ ! o!rs3-- 8,ce puissant ,ag>ic1 qui du sang pan* ,arrte les ruisseaux1 et dont le se9 fidle ,du caill\ ptillant recueille l't9celle40 ,! #8caill\1' alas1 l ! poet :o /ruck ?is sp>k out ( x1 is n[ obsolete2 b amad\ is /ill 9 vogue1 be+ employ$ = _m h\sehold purposes2 9 addition to :i*1 a m$ical practition] ( ,cov5t ,g>d5 has ( late be5 9 ! habit ( us+ ext5sive %eets ( x to cov] ov] & protect ! backs ( ^? b$ridd5 invalids ^: cruel suff]+s make su* l>ge dem&s ^u our sympa?y1--= ! alleviation ( :i* s little is to be done6--z x is m ela/ic ?an *amois lea!r1 x is less liable to crumple up :5 la9 ^u1 & on ?is acc\nt has be5 pref]r$ to x by sev]al ( our metropolitan surgeons ( em95ce2 "s employ x also z a g5tle compress ov] v>icose ve9s1 :]e x supports ! di/5d$ vessels )\t press+ too tightly ^u ! limb4 ,gl$its* relates1 t ! poor] inhabitants ( ,franconia /it* x toge!r1 & make dresses ( x2 & also t ! ,lapl&]s burn x 9 ! neighb\rhood ( _! dwell+s1 to secure _! re9de] f ! attacks ( gadflies1 :i* are repell$ by ! smoke2 ?us 8good at ne$10 x really des]ves ! epi!t ( #8puissant1' giv5 to x by ,delille4#ec ,! ,polyporus squamosus makes a razor-/rop f> sup]ior to any ( ^? at pres5t pat5t$1 & sold1 ) high-s\nd+ epi!ts1 f> beyond _! des]ts4 ,to prep>e ! ,polyporus = ?is purpose1 x mu/ be cut f ! a%-tree 9 autumn1 :5 its juices h be5 dri$ & its sub/ance has become consolidat$2 x is !n to be flatt5$ out = tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 a press1 aft] :i* x %\ld be c>efully rubb$ ) pumice1 slic$ longitud9ally1 & e slip t is free f ! erosions ( insects be !n glu$ ^u a wood5 /ret*]4 ,cesalp9us knew all ?is6 & ! b>b]s 9 8 "t knew x too2#ed & x is n a little rem>kable t s useful an inv5tion %\ld1 9 an age ( puff+1 adv]tisem5t1 & improvem5t1 l our own1 h be5 entirely lo/ sight (4 ,imp]ato employ$ & recomm5ds x z an excell5t det]g5t1 ) :i* to bru% & comb out ! scurf f ! hair4 ,! ,ag>icus musc>ius is l>gely employ$ 9 ,kamt*atka1 9 decoction ) ! ,epilobium angu/ifolium1 z an intoxicat+ liquor4#ee ,! ,lapl&]s sme> x on ! walls & b$po/s ( _! dwell+s1 to de/roy bugs 7,l9n472 & ,clusius relates1 t x is sold ext5sively 9 ! m>ket at ,frank=t1 to poison flies2 = ?is purpose1 x is ei!r cut into small pieces & ?r[n ab\t ! premises1 or else boil$ 9 milk & plac$ ^u ! w9d[-sills2 9 ei!r case x is va/ly inf]ior 9 efficacy to t celebrat$ 8mort aux m\*es10 ! impure oxide ( cobalt1 t is1 to ! ars5ic :i* ?is conta9s4 ,! above are a few ( ! uses1 exclusive ( ! escul5t or m$ical ones1 to :i* funguses h be5 put2 x is fair1 h[ev]1 to notice t !y ma9ta9 a debtor1 z well z a cr$itor1 acc\nt ) mank9d1 9 :i* ! balance seems to be occasionally q aga9/ u2 ^? t are mo/ injuri\s are g5]ally1 z has be5 already /at$1 ( ! microscopic k9ds2 :]e( "s attack "y plants /ill und]gr\nd1 emulg+ !m completely ( _! juices1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !y p]i%2 o!rs1 l ! corn-blights1 p]mit ! plant to atta9 maturity be=e !y beg9 _! "w ( de/ruction1 & de/roy x j z x is beg9n+ to fructify4#ef ,! fe>ful epidemics to :i* gra9 s infect$ has giv5 rise are well kn[n1 ?\gh x is /ill a matt] ( "q :e!r ! ergot$ corn owes its un:olesome qualities to ! injury :i* x _h su/a9$ f ! blight1 or to ! blight itself4 ,?\gh ! mis*ief produc$ by p>asitic funguses be unque/ionably great1 ?is occasional & v p>tial evil is m ?an comp5sat$ by ! mu* great] am\nt ( good accompli%$ solely by _! ag5cy1 9 ! assi/ance !y af=d to ! decomposition ( animal & vegetable tissues1 :i* has procur$ = !m ! "n1 n unaptly appli$1 ( 8nature's scav5g]s40 ,?is decomposition !y effect by assimilat+1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( _! radicles1 ! juices ( ! decay+ /ructure 9 :i* !y are develop$1 loos5+ !reby its cohesion1 & caus+ x to break up into a rapid dissolution ( its p>ts4#eg ,,m$ical ,,uses4 ,( ! funguses =m]ly employ$ 9 m$ic9e few are n[ 9 vogue2 ! ergot ( rye /ill keeps its gr\nd1 & 9 cases ( protract$ lab\r1 :5 judici\sly employ$1 is valuable 9 assi/+ nature :5 unequal to ! necess>y ef=ts ( p>turition4 ,ano!r fungus1 =m]ly mu* 9 fa%ion1 ?\gh n[ put on ! %elf1 seems really to des]ve fur!r trial2 ,i mean ! ,polyporus suaveol5s 7,l9n471 :i* 9 t mo/ intractable disease1 tub]cul> consumption1 surely claims to be tri$ :5 !re are su* respectable au?orities to v\* = its surpris+ effects1 9 cases :]e ev]y?+ else _h be5 notori\sly unsuccessful4#eh ,s>torius 0 ! fir/ to prescribe x z a rem$y 9 ph?isis1 & its employm5t ) ?is view1 s9ce 8 day1 has at v>i\s times be5 prconiz$ on ! ,cont95t2 ! dose g5]ally recomm5d$ be+ a scruple ( ! p[d] two or ?ree times a day4 ,( ! cases publi%$ by ,pr(essors ,s*midel & ,w5d/ 7:i* h an air ( good fai? 9 _! recital1 well entitl+ !m to consid]ation71 ,i abridge "o z an example1 ?\gh ! o!rs are n less int]e/+2 & :ile x is c]ta9ly to be regrett$ t ! abs5ce ( /e?oscopic indications %\ld prev5t our hav+ any positive evid5ce z to ! precise condition ( ! diseas$ lung1 or ( ! nature ( ! secretion expectorat$1 /ill1 ev5 suppos+ !m to be simple cases ( *ronic bron*itis1 ) m>asmus ! efficacy ( ! rem$y is sc>cely less /rik+ or in/ructive4 8,a "y man1 tat4 tw5ty-"o1 0 seiz$ at ! beg9n+ ( autumn ) inflammatory c\gh & hmoptysis1 :i* 7 p>tially subdu$ by ,v4 ,s4 & ! ord9>y antiphlogi/ic treatm5t2 b ! c\gh1 com+ on aga9 ) r5ew$ sev]ity dur+ ! w9t]1 0 accompani$ ) ! expuition ( glairy mucus1 :i* 0 sometimes speck$ ) blood4 ,t[>ds ! spr+ ! "y man _h become mu* ?9n]1 & 0 cont9u+ to wa/e away2 ! expectoration also _h *ang$ its col\r1 & _h become fetid & gre52 8 nights 7 fev]i% & di/urb$2 he _h no desire = food1 & ate b little2 8 ankles _h begun to swell2 he _h copi\s night-sweats & di>rha4 ,a teaspoonful ( an electu>y ( ! ,p4 suaveol5s 9 honey 0 giv5 him ?ree times a day1 & no?+ else2 &1 extraord9>y z x may appe>1 "u ?is treatm5t ! sweats spe$ily began to dim9i% ) ! c\gh1 & aft] a ?ree mon?s' cont9uance ( ! m$ic9e ! pati5t entirely recov]$40#ei ,! ,polyporus l>icis1 ! s-call$ ,ag>ic ( ph>macy1 is a p[]ful b mo/ unc]ta9 m$ic9e1 & has be5 also recomm5d$ 9 consumption4 ,i once adm9i/]$ a few gra9s ( x 9 ?is disease1 :5 viol5t pa9s & hyp]ca?>sis sup]v5$1 :i* la/$ = sev]al h\rs4 ,,mm4 ,b4 ,lagrange & ,braconnot f\nd x to conta9 a l>ge quantity ( an acrid res91 to :i* x no d\bt owes its hyp]ca?>tic prop]ties4 ,to judge f ?is s+le case1 :i*1 h[ev]1 tallies ) ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 ,i %\ld say t ?is fungus 01 9 m$ic9e1 to be look$ ^u z a v suspici\s ally4#fj ,! ,a4 musc>ius has also be5 us$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,:i/l+1 s long ago z #aggh1 wrote on its heal+ virtues1 9 ,lat91 recomm5d+ its p[d] z a valuable application ) :i* to spr9kle sani\s sores & excoriat$ nipples4 ,pl5ck gave dra*m doses ( x int]nally 9 epilepsy1 &1 toge!r ) ,b]nh>d & ,:i/l+1 atte/s its success4 ,x appe>s t ! ,phallus mucus 9 ,*9a1 & ! ,lycop]don c>c9omale ne> ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 are us$ also by ! inhabitants ( ^? c\ntries z ext]nal applications = canc]\s sores4 ,! ,phallus1 rubb$ ^u ! sk91 is said to dead5 its s5sibility1 l ! n>ke1 or electric skate4 ,,funguses ,,consid]$ ,,z ,,an ,,article ,,( ,,diet4 ,if all ! good ?+s ev] said ab\t ! /oma* s9ce ! days ( ,m55ius ,agrippa1 or be=e 8 "t1 c\ld be collect$1 !y w\ld d\btless =m an int]e/+ volume2 ,aretu has some:]e qua9tly1 b n unaptly1 call$ x ! 8h\se ( ,plato20 9 ano!r place he speaks ( x z ! 8seat0 7z if ' 7 8( pleasure & ( pa920 & s x is inde$1 & x has moreov] a notori\s t5d5cy1 :5 provok$1 to cool our *>ity & to heat our blood2 its sympa?ies by n]v\s atta*m5ts1 bo? ( 8cont9uity0 & ( 8contiguity10#fa ) ! o!r organs ( ! body1 are ext5sive & complicat$2 no wond] !n t x %\ld h enli/$ ours 9 its behalf1 & t few ( u w\ld (f5d x witt+ly1 ?\gh by indiscretions we d (f5d x cont9ually4 ,9 ! 8s5sual philosophy10 ( ! ,fr5* s*ool p>ticul>ly1 ! /oma* has receiv$ m>k$ att5tion1 rank+ 9 t c\ntry z ! mo/ noble ( ! visc]a4#fb ,ev5 9 ^? republican times :5 no o!r rights 7 held sacr$ ?r\gh\t ,france1 ! privileges ( ! /oma* 7 respect$2 :5 m5 f\nd t !y might get on q z well1 or bett]1 ) a bad he>t1 b t !y c\ld n get on s well )\t a good dige/ion1 x is n s mu* to be wond]$ at if !y made idols ( _! bellies1 e/abli%$ a ,s*ool ( ,cooks to rival ! ,s*ool ( ,a!ns1 & became fam\s = 8^? *>m+ little supp]s 9 :i* !y us$ to set ! dec5cies ( life at defiance40#fc ,b if 9 ,france f> too mu* att5tion has be5 paid to ! cul9>y art1 too little att5tion has surely be5 paid to x at home2 = ! art ( cook]y1 prop]ly und]/ood1 is n only ! art ( pleas+ ! palate1 b ! /oma* also4#fd ,9 ,france1 ! d9n] is ! ?\ght ( ! morn+1 & sometimes ! bus9ess ( ! day1 b 9 ,france ev]ybody d9es2 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! ^w #8d9n]' nev] occurs till x is ann\nc$1 a few weal?y m5 d9e well1 ! middl+ ranks badly1 & ! poor n at all4 ,n t ev5 ! poor] ord]s g5]ally want ! necess>y mat]ials = su* repa/2 !y frequ5tly consume m but*]'s meat ?an is consum$ by _! ,cont95tal neighb\rs2 x is simply t !y want skill 9 prep>+ x4 ,if x be scanty1 !y _c tell h[ to make ! mo/ ( x2 if x be homely1 !y _c tell h[ to improve its flav\r by unit+ & bl5d+ ) x a c]ta9 class ( inexp5sive luxuries1 :i*1 ?\gh !y gr[ ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 are ev]y:]e neglect$4 ,t\*+ ! :olesom5ess or un:olesom5ess ( ^!1 ,i h n[ a few words to address to ! common-s5se read]2 t is1 to him :o pref]s fea/+ ^u funguses to fa/+ out ( m]e prejudice4 ,=m]ly m5 us$ to ref] su* que/ions z ?is to _! physician2 !y w\ld 8,try :at ,mead or ,*eseld5 advis$40#fe int5d+1 p]haps1 to take "s little poetical lic5se ) x aft]w>ds4 ,ab]ne?y1 on ! anecdote ( ! oy/]s & oy/]-%ells be+ duly sub/antiat$1 w\ld h be5 o/raciz$ f polite society 9 ^? days ( decor\s etiquette1 :51 z m$ical m5 affect$ to be m di5t]eumatic ) ! insides ( _! pati5ts ?an any ( u n[ pret5d to be1 !y mu/ ne$s h be5 f> m affable :5 consult$ on su* cases ?an we ( ! pres5t day might be2 ?\gh !y did n !re=e always answ] ! same "q 9 ! same way2 "o1 = in/ance1 8,le mdec9 ,tant ,pis10 w\ld frequ5tly proscribe ! v ?+s t 8 rival1 8,le mdec9 ,tant ,mieux10 _h j be5 recomm5d+4 ,:5 m5 came to f9d !y mu/ ei!r give up "s fav\rite article ( food or else give up ! ana!ma pron\nc$ aga9/ x1 !y g5]ally pref]r$ ! latt] c\rse1 & 7 sure1 to use a m$ical phrase1 to 8d well0 if !y did s2 :il/ a few wret*$ hypo*ondriacs1 adopt+ ! o!r alt]native1 & liv+ /rictly en rgime1 became only ! m hypo*ondriacal = _! pa9s4 ,none b a det]m9$ !ori/#ff w\ld n[adays ?9k ( prescrib+ diet = ! /oma* ( a s+le pati5t1 f> less = all ^? ( a polyga/ric public2 nei!r does an enlight5$1 self-educat$ public1 t c read ,liebig & ?or\ghly appreciate its own case1 hold out mu* enc\ragem5t = su* advice4 ,! day is pa/ )\t return = long-w9d$ prose epic on indige/ion2 a liveli] mode ( deal+ ) ! subject ( non-naturals1 9 ! %ape ( novels & romances1 has won ! public e>4 ,br\ssais' five-act trag$y ( #8,ga/ro-,ent]itis'#fg has receiv$ its la/ plaudits2 already has ,crabbe's eu?anasia to ?is class ( au?ors atta9$ its full accompli%m5t3-- 8,ye t$i\s trifl]s1 ,tru?'s de/ructive foes1 ,ye sons ( ,fiction clad 9 /upid prose1 ,o'erwe5+ tea*]s1 :o1 y\rselves 9 d\bt1 ,light up false fires & s5d u f> ab\t1 ,long may ! spid] r\nd y\r pages sp91 ,subtle & sl[1 h] emblematic g94 ,buri$ 9 du/ & lo/ 9 sil5ce dwell1 ,mo/ pot5t1 dull1 & rev]5d fri5ds1 f>ewell60 ,no article ( diet 0 ev] half s r\ghly h&l$ z ! fungus4 ,:at diatribes aga9/ x might be cit$ f ! works ( ,a!nu1 ,dioscorides1 ,gal51 ,pl9y1 ! ,arabian physicians1 & all _! comm5tators6 ,:at t]rible recitals1 too1 ( poison+ f "s few species h be5 indu/ri\sly circulat$1 & ! unfav\rable inf]5ce drawn f ^!1 be5 appli$ to ! :ole tribe--a mi/ake :i* "s writ]s1 ev5 9 mod]n times1 h p]petuat$4 ,?us1 ,kirk] votes ! :ole 8a family ( malignants20#fh ?us too ,all5 & ,bat>ra p5 unsolicit$ apages1#fi & w>n u1 9 an especial mann]1 to bew>e ( !m2 :ile ,scopoli includes 9 8 v def9ition ( a fungus1 t x is ( a class ( plants :i* are always to be suspect$1 & :i* are = ! mo/ "p poison\s4 ,t]tullian1 ) m ( epigram ?an ( tru?1 makes out1 t = e diff]5t hue !y display !re is a pa9 to correspond to x1 & j s _m modes ( dea? z !re are di/9ct species2#gj to all :i*1 & a great deal m simil> rhapsody & invective1 t5s ( ?\s&s ( our ,cont95tal neighb\rs 9 ! daily habit ( eat+ no?+ else b funguses might reply1 9 ! words ( ,plautus-- 8,adeone me fuisse fungum ut qui illis cr$]em80 ,^? :o abuse funguses g5]ally d s f prejudice r ?an f p]sonal exp]i5ce1 object+ to _! fle% z be+ heavy ( dige/ion1 & to _! juices z be+ m or less prejudicial to heal?4 ,"s say !y are too ri*1 o!rs ( too heat+ a "*4 ,^! objections are = ! mo/ "p )\t f\ndation1 z ^? :o eat !m c abundantly te/ify4 ,to quote ! au?ority ( "o or two m$ical fri5ds on ! ,cont95t1 =m$ on l>ge p]sonal exp]i5ce1 9 fav\r ( ! excell5ce ( ?is diet1 ,pr(essors ,pucc9elli ( ,lucca1 ,briganti ( ,naples1 ,sangu9etti ( ,rome1 ,ottaviani ( ,urb9o1 ,viviani ( ,g5oa1 are all consum]s ( funguses4 ,vittad9i1 ^: excell5t "w on ! escul5t k9ds ( ,italy is )\t a rival1 himself eats1 & gives u ample receipts = dress+ !m4 ,9 ,france1 a simil> s]vice has be5 r5d]$ to ! public by ,paulet1 ,p]soon1 ,cordi]1 & ,roques1#ga :o h sev]ally publi%$ excell5t treatises on ! v>i\s k9ds fit = food1 z !y occur 9 ! diff]5t prov9ces2 :il/ ! influ5ce ( ! la/ w9t] has be5 ! means ( introduc+ sev]al new species into ! ,p>isian m>kets1 ?us caus+ !m to be v g5]ally kn[n4 ,n to multiply individual te/imony ne$lessly1 let t ( ,s*wgri*5 suffice1 :o tells u1 t on see+ ! peasants ab\t ,nuremb]g eat+ raw mu%rooms1#gb he too1 = sev]al weeks1 re/rict$ himself entirely to ?is diet1 8eat+ ) !m no?+ b bread1 & dr9k+ no?+ b wat]1 :51 in/ead ( f9d+ 8 heal? impair$1 he r exp]i5c$ an increase ( /r5g?40 ,vegetior evasit6 z ! inscription at ,rome relates to h be5 ! case ) ,/4 ,john :5 he em]g$1 aft] "o h\r's cook+1 f a caldron ( boil+ oil4 ,9 a ^w1 t :i* has be5 ! daily bread ( nations--! poor man's manna--= _m c5turies1 _c be an un:olesome1 mu* less a dang]\s food4#gc ,funguses1 no d\bt1 are a ri* & da9ty f>e2 & s :atev] objections apply to made-di%es 9 g5]e may apply also to ^!1 :i*1 :ile !y conta9 all ! sapid & nutriti\s con/itu5ts ( animal food1 h h[ev] an advantage ov] x--viz4 t :ile !y are z ri* 9 gravy z any but*]'s meat1 _! texture is m t5d]1 & _! specific gravity less4 ,t\*+ ! g5]al "q z to ! :olesom5ess ( made-di%es1 x might p]haps be /at$ z a rule1 to :i* !re are _m exceptions1 t ! m we v>y & comb9e food1 ! bett] *ance !re is ( our dige/+ x4#gd 8,y mu/ assi/ nature10 ,hippocrates says1 8by art4 ,y mu/ v>y y\r vi&s & y\r dr9ks4 ,music w\ld tire if x 7 always to ! same tune1 s also does a monoton\s regim5 tire4#ge ,cooks !re=e make mix$ di%es1 & he :o %\ld always make ! same di% w\ld des]v$ly pass = n be+ a cook at all40#gf ,& ?\gh ,syd5ham1 9 app>5t discordance ) ?is1 recomm5ds "o di% = d9n]1 x is q = ano!r reason4 ,pla9 food may inde$ suit "s /oma*s1 b good cook+ suits all /oma*s2 & :5 ,s5eca writes1 t 8!re are z _m diseases z cooks10 ,roques takes him up prop]ly by reply+1 8,yes2 z bad cooks40 ,! rule = e d9n]1 pla9 or comp\nd1 is to dress x well--8t :i* is be/ adm9i/]$ is be/20 & good cook+1 ?us und]/ood z ! art ( improv+ & ( mak+ ! mo/ ( a ?+1 is a matt] ( equal importance to bo? ri* & poor4 ,x is a safe rule1 ,i believe1 & "o recomm5d$ on good au?ority too1 if m5 want$ au?ority on su* matt]1 to eat :at !y l1 b n z mu* ( x z !y l4#gg ,n9e-t5?s ( dyspeptics become s f ov]fe$+4 8,nauseosa satietas non ex crassis et pravis solum1 s$ etiam boni succi alim5tis prov5it40 ,ev5 ,p>acelsus1 ?\gh an und\bt$ quack1 might give "s p a h9t3 8,dosis sola facit ut v55um sit vel non2 cibus enim vel potus qualibet quantitate majore quo assumtus v55um fit40 ,dyspeptics are will+ to enli/ y\r sympa?ies 9 _! behalf by tell+ ( ! delicacy ( _! muc\s membrane1 j z "y c\ntesses descant ) m success on ! extreme susceptibility ( _! n]ves2 nor is x always k9dly receiv$1 if a well-wi%] %\ld rem9d !m t _! suff]+s may n aft] all h be5 ! fault ei!r ( _! /oma* or ( ! di% :i* !y blame1 b ( _! own indiscreet use ( bo?4 ,:il/ x is an ackn[l$g$ fact on all h&s t infants are ov]f$1 & t all *ildr5 ov]fe$1 m5 are by no means s prone or will+ to admit t gluttony is p]haps ! v la/ ( *ildi% ?+s t !y are 9 ! habit ( putt+ away f !m4 ,?us1 !n1 ?\gh funguses are n to be consid]$ un:olesome1 !y are1 l o!r good ?+s1 to be eat5 ) discretion & n discrtion4 8,if y live an indol5t life1 are a syb>ite 9 y\r he>t1 or %\ld "s viol5t passions 7*ol]1 jeal\sy1 or rev5ge7 be deal+ ) y1 take c>e 9 su* a case h[ y eat rag\ts ( truffles or ( mu%rooms2 b if1 on ! contr>y1 y\r heal? be good1 y\r life temp]ately prud5t1 y\r temp] ev51 & y\r m9d s]5e1 !n 7provid$ y l !m7 y may eat ( ^! luxuries )\t ! slighte/ appreh5sion ( _! disagree+ ) y40 ,m4 ,roques adds1 & ) tru?1 8x is ! w9e1 sur*>g$ ) alcohol1 ( :i* m5 dr9k l>gely1 9 ord]1 z !y say1 to reli% & dige/ _! mu%rooms & made-di%es1 t disagrees ) ! /oma*1 & t w1 ere long1 produce ^? visc]al ob/ructions1 & ^? nephritic ailm5ts1 at once s griev\s to be> & s difficult to get rid (40#gh ,if ! read] %all reta9 "o ^w ( ! foll[+ homely l9es1 & t ^w ! la/1 s z to rememb] x 9 place1 he w owe u no fee1 & x w save him _m a bitt] draught3-- ,lies ! la/ meal all undige/$ /ill8 ,does *yle impure y\r poison$ lacteals fill8 ,does ,ga/rodynia's t9y gimlet bore1 ,:]e ! crude load ob/ructs ! rigid door8 ,or does ! fi]y he>tburn flay y\r ?roat8 ,d d>kl+ specks be=e y\r eyeballs float8 ,d fanci$ s\nds invade y\r />tl$ e>8 ,does ! /opt he>t (t wake to pulseless fe>8 ,y\r days all li/less1 & y\r nights all dream1 ,( ,pu/ule1 ,ec*ymose1 & ,emphyseme2 ,till ru?less surgeon %all y\r paun* explore1 ,& m>k ea* spot ) mis*ief mottl$ o'er2 ,does all y suff] q surpass belief8 ,has (t-tri$ soda ceas$ to give relief8 ,has bismu? fail$1 nor tonics eas$ y\r pa98 ,h ,*amb]s1 ,watson1 bo? be5 teas$ 9 va98 ,9 case s cross--:at cure8--b "o3 ,refra96 ,b ! objection aga9/ funguses is g5]ally ( ano!r k9d3 _m p]sons :o l good liv+ too well to be afraid ( ! new introduction ( a luxury :i* is to br+ new dyspepsias = !m 9 consequ5ce1 fe> le/1 :il/ indulg+ 9 ?is 8cele/ial manna10 ?is 1 !y %\ld meet ) ! fate ( ! ,emp]or ,claudius1 & pref] rema9+ vivi to ! *ance ( becom+ divi be=e _! "t4 ,n[ !re is really no j gr\nd = ?is fe>2 ! escul5t fungus nev] becomes poison\s1 nor1 conv]sely1 ! poison\s v>iety fit to eat4 ,9 ,claudius's p>ticul> case we mu/ rememb] t ,locu/a m$icat$1 & ,agripp9a cook$1 t celebrat$ di%1 9 :i* ! mu%rooms1 aft] all1 7 b ! vehicle = ! poison4 ,z to ! g5]al fact1 ?\gh cultivation und\bt$ly produces consid]able *anges 9 ! qualities ( ?is1 z 9 ^? ( o!r classes ( plants1 !y are nev] ( su* a k9d z to conv]t t :i* is escul5t 9 "o locality into a dang]\s food 9 ano!r4 8,clum non animum mutat20 4#gi ,t ! mu%room is n q s :olesome :5 cultivat$ z x is 9 ! mead[1#hj 9 a /ate ( nature1 _c be d\bt$2#ha & t _m p]sons h suff]$1 bo? 9 ,france & ,engl&1 m or less ga/ric di/urbance aft] eat+ ^? tak5 f hotb$s or f d>k f\l una]at$ places1 is c]ta92 t mu%rooms also 9 decay1 :5 *emi/ry has laid hold ( _! tissues & *ang$ _! juices1 h produc$ disagreeable s5sations 9 ! /oma* & b[els1 is n to be que/ion$2 f9ally1 t ! idiosyncrasy ( "s p]sons is oppos$ to ?is diet1 z t ( o!rs is to %ell-fi%1 to melons1 cucumb]s1 & ! l1 mu/ also be c$$3 b none ( ^! admissions surely m$dle ) ! "q1 nor g any way t[>ds prov+ ! assum$ fact1 viz4 t a mu%room ev] *anges its nature & becomes poison\s l ! toad/ool4#hb ,x has be5 unw>ily ass]t$1 t because ! p ( ! nor? are 9 ! habit ( employ+ 9 _! kit*5 ! ,ag>icus musc>ius1 :i* is kn[n to be poison\s 9 ! s\?1 ?is po9ts to "s rem>kable diff]5ce 9 ! plant dep5d+ on diff]5ce ( locality4 ,x is to be recollect$1 h[ev]1 t ?is v same fungus1 if tak5 9 suffici5t quantity1 )\t ! precaution usually adopt$ ( soak+ x 9 v9eg> be=e cook+1 has produc$ fatal accid5ts1 ( :i* we read ! recitals 9 v>i\s mycological works2 & only n m frequ5tly because ! plant1 be+ g5]ally well /eep$ 9 br9e or acetic acid1 is 9 mo/ cases robb$ ( delet]i\s pr9ciples1 ! only residue left be+ pure fung9e1 :i* is equally innoxi\s & ! same 9 all funguses :atev]4 ,x is moreov] wor?y ( rem>k1 t ?\gh ! common mu%room 7,ag4 campe/ris7 v>ies consid]ably bo? z to flav\r & :olesom5ess 7circum/ances attributable 9 "p to ! v>ieties ( soil 9 :i* x fl\ri%es#hc71 o!r funguses1 on ! contr>y1 be+ mo/ly re/rict$ = _! alim5tation & reproduction to "s "o p>ticul> habitat1 d n pres5t su* diff]5ces4 ,! ,boletus edulis1 ! ,fi/ul9a hepatica1 ! ,ag>icus oreades1 ! ,ag4 proc]us1 ! ,ag4 prunulus1 ! ,ag4 fusipes1 ! ,can?>ellus cib>ius1 etc41 are1 9 flav\r & o!r s5sible qualities1 j ! same 9 ,engl& z !y are 9 ,france1 ,switz]l&1 or ,italy4 ,?us ! objection to eat funguses on ! gr\nd ( _! pres5t+ diff]5ces dep5d+ on ^? ( ! locality :]e !y gr[1 applies pr9cipally1 if x applies at all1 to ! ,engli% mu%room1 ( :i* no h\sekeep] is afraid1 & by no means to ^? species ! introduction ( :i* into our m>kets & kit*5s =ms ! ma9 object ( ?is treatise4 ,besides ! =ego+ objections to funguses on ! g5]al gr\nd ( _! suppos$ indige/ibility1 or else ! m p>ticul> "o ( _! n be+ at all times & 9 all places ! same1 a fur!r & weighti] "o1 z x is commonly urg$1 is ! alleg$ impossibility ( our be+ able to discrim9ate1 ) c]ta9ty1 ! good f ! bad2 an objection :i* d]ives mu* ( its suppos$ weight f ! app>5tly cla%+ te/imonies ( au?ors respect+ ! same species1 :o n unfrequ5tly describe1 "u a common "n1 a fungus :i* "s ( !m ass]t to be escul5t1 "s d\btful1 & o!rs altoge!r poison\s 9 its qualities4 ,su* discrepancies1 h[ev]1 h already 9 _m cases be5 satisfactorily adju/$1 :il/ a m m9ute att5tion & correspond+ improvem5t 9 ! pictorial repres5tation ( species is daily dim9i%+ ! errors ( ! old] mycologi/s4 ,admitt+ !n1 :at !re is no ga9say+1 ! exi/5ce ( _m dang]\s individuals 9 ?is family1#hd ought we n1 9 a matt] ( su* importance1 r to apply ourselves to ! task ( discrim9at+ !m accurately#he ?an p]mit idle rum\rs ( its impracticability1 or ev5 its real difficulty1 to dehort u f ! und]tak+8 ,assur$ly nature1 :o has giv5 to brutes an in/9ct1 by :i* to select _! alim5t1 has n left man )\t a discrim9ative p[] to d ! same ) equal c]ta9ty2 nor does he use 8 privileges to _! full1 or employ 8 s5ses z he might1 :5 he suff]s himself to be surpass$ by brute animals 9 _! diagnosis ( food4 ,,modes ,,( ,,di/+ui%+4 ,! fir/ ?+ to "k ab\t funguses is1 t 9 ! imm5se majority ( cases !y are h>mless2 ! innoxi\s & escul5t k9ds are ! rule1 ! poison\s ! exceptions to x2 9 a g5]al way1 x is m easy to say :at we %\ld n eat ?an :at we may2 we %\ld nev] eat any t smell sickly or poison\s4 ,op9ions respect+ ! agreeabl5ess or disagreeabl5ess ( an od\r1 z ( a ta/e1 may diff]2 ?us1 9 ,france & ,italy 7:]e ! palate seems to u to bribe ! judgm5t ( ! nose71 x is usual to speak ( t ( ! ,ag4 prunulus z 8p]fum+ ! air20#hf b ?\gh ! /rong peculi> smell exhal$ by ?is & "s o!r escul5t funguses is any?+ b a p]fume1 z we appreh5d ! t]m1 x is v diff]5t f t intol]able ftor1 t nause\s ov]:elm+ od\r giv5 out by ! ,phallus impudicus1 ! ,cla?rus cancellatus1 ! ,amanita v]na1 & its v>ieties4 ,!re are "s inde$ :i*1 yield+ no smell1 w poison not)/&+2 b !n !re are none to lure u into a false security by a deceitful fragrance4 ,! same negative indications are furni%$ by ! palate z by ! nose2 ^? t are bitt]1 or /yptic1 or t burn ! fauces on ma/ication1 or t p>* ! ?roat :5 !y h be5 swall[$1 %\ld be put aside2 ^? t yield spic$ milk1 ( :atev] col\r1 %\ld be held1 not)/&+ exceptions1 9 suspicion1 z an unsafe dairy to deal )4 ,! 8,luc*ese ,goat0 7,ag4 pip]atus7 & ! 8,c[ ( ! ,vosges0 7,ag4 lactifluus aureus71 ?\gh 9 high reque/ 9 _! respective localities1 & really delicate !mselves1 are ak9 to o!rs ^: milks1 ?\gh !y may h ! col\r ( gold1 h ! qualities ( gamboge4 8----,nescius aur ,fallacis1 ,qui nunc te fruitur cr$ulus aurea60 ,paulet 0 once s indiscreet z to eat a slice ( ! ,grip] 7,ag4 torm9osus71 :i* belongs to ?is g5us1 & aft]w>ds /ill m indiscreet 9 giv+ x ! invit+ "n ( 8,m\ton zon20 x is well1 h[ev]1 t ! read] %\ld be appris$1 z he w frequ5tly come across ?is #8m\ton' 9 8 walks1 t x is a p]fect wolf 9 %eep's clo?+1 nor less to be avoid$ ?an "o ne>ly alli$ to x1 :i* rejoices 9 ! "n ( necator1 or ! slay]4#hg ,"h1 z x is a safe rule r to condemn _m t may be innoc5t ?an to admit "o t is at all suspici\s to our confid5ce1 we %\ld1 till intimacy has made u famili> ) ! exceptions1 avoid all ^? ! fle% ( :i* is livid1 or t1 *ameleon-l1 assume a v>iety ( hues on be+ brok5 or bruis$4#hh ,! ext]nal col\r furni%es no c]ta9 in=mation--) ! s+le exception ( t ( ! gills 9 "o or two ,ag>ics--by :i* to "k ! good f ! bad2 ?us1 ! 8,b\le de ,neige0 & ! ,v]nal ,amanite are bo? :ite2 b ! dress1 9 "o case1 is ( innoc5ce1 9 ! o!r ( m]e hypocrisy2 aga91 ! gre51 :i* we are s caution$ to avoid 9 ?is class ( plants z *lorotic & unheal?y1 & :i* is ( su* bad augury 9 ,amanita viridis1 is q ! contr>y 9 ! ,v]dette 7,ag4 viresc5s74 ,s t to be l$ only by col\r w\ld c]ta9ly be to be misl$--a mi/ake :i*1 9 ! family ( ! ,russul1 might readily compromise life4 ,"s mycologi/s recomm5d1 ) c]ta9 exceptions1 ! avoidance ( su* ,ag>ics z h lat]al /alks1 ( su* z are pect9ate 7i4 e4 h equal gills1 l a comb71 ( su* z h little fle% 9 proportion to ! dep? ( _! gills1 & g5]ally1 ( all ^? t are pa/ _! prime4 ,"s w>n u n to eat aft] ! snail1 z we are 9 ! habit ( do+ 9 our g>d5s aft] ! wasp2 we may tru/1 x seems1 to him to po9t out ! be/ gre5gages1 b n to ! slug to select our mu%rooms = u4 ,f9ally1 x has be5 v curr5tly affirm$1 ?\gh ,i ?9k )\t suffici5t w>rant1 t all su* funguses z run rapidly into deliquesc5ce ought to be avoid$ z dang]\s4 ,"h1 :ile x might be unsafe to lay d[n any positive rule beyond "o's own exp]i5ce1 ?is1 s f> z x goes1 w\ld r lead me to a diff]5t inf]5ce2 & ev5 ! read] w ask--,does n ! mu%room deliquesce1 & is n ket*up1 t 8poignant liquor made f boil$ mu%rooms mix$ ) salt10#hi to :i* we are all s p>tial1 ?is v deliquesc5ce8 ,b1 besides ?is1 ! ,ag4 comatus1 :i* is highly deliquesc5t1 is l>gely eat5 ab\t ,lucca2 ! ,ag4 atram5t>ius also is1 on our own au?ority1 p]iculo v5tris no/ri1 z good = ket*up z = t purpose to :i* its juices are m commonly put1 viz4 = mak+ ink4 ,?us1 among/ deliquesc5t ,ag>ics1 !re are "s ! juices ( :i* are bo? safe & sav\ry1 p]haps ( m ?an ^? "h record$2 b z ,i h n hi!rto myself made trial ( any o!rs1 & z !re are "s dang]\s species mix$ up ) ?is gr\p1 ! public _c be too mu* caution$ aga9/ mak+ any ra% exp]im5t1 :]e ! consequ5ces ( a mi/ake might be s s]i\s4 ,"s trees give orig9 by pref]5ce to good1 o!rs to delet]i\s species2 ?us1 ! hazel-nut1 ! black & p]haps ! :ite popl>1 toge!r ) ! fig-tree1 gr[ only good sorts2 :]eas ! olive has be5 fam\s1 s9ce ! days ( ,nic&]1 = none b poison\s species4 8,! rank 9 smell1 & ^? ( livid %[1 ,all t at roots ( oak#ij or olive gr[1 ,t\* n6 ,b ^? ^u ! fig-tree's r9d ,securely pluck--a safe & sav\ry k9d60 ,! elm1 ! ald]1 ! l>*1 ! bee*1 & "s o!r trees1 seem capable ( support+ bo? good & bad species at _! roots2 h5ce x is n safe to tru/ implicitly to ! tree to det]m9e ! :olesom5ess or un:olesom5ess ( ! fungus t gr[s out ( x1 or 9 its neighb\rhood4 ,! pres5ce ( a free acid is by no means conclusive ei!r way1 !re be+ _m species ( bo? good & bad1 :i* w indiff]5tly turn litmus-pap] r$4 ,! old & v g5]al practice adopt$ by cooks ( dress+ funguses ) a silv] spoon 7:i* is suppos$ to become t>ni%$1 !n1 only :5 _! juices are ( a delet]i\s quality71 is an error :i* _c be too g5]ally kn[n & expos$1 z _m lives1 especially on ! ,cont95t1 h be51 & /ill are1 sacrific$ to x annually4 ,9 "s cases ! kit*5-fire w extract ! delet]i\s prop]ty f ! funguses1 :i* x w\ld h be5 unsafe to eat raw1 & frequ5tly ! acrid lactesc5t k9ds *ange _! nature entirely & become mild by cook+2 9 o!r cases1 ! virus is drawn out by saturat+ ! fungus1 sometimes be=e dress+ x1 ei!r 9 v9eg> or br9e1#ia ! liquid !n conta9+ ! poison :i* 0 orig9ally 9 ! plant2 b 9 o!r species1 z 9 ,ag4 emeticus1 x w\ld seem f ! exp]im5ts ( ,m4 ,krapf1 ( ,vi5na1 ^u liv+ animals1 t x is to be extract$ nei!r by ebullition nor desiccation4#ib ,! effects produc$ by ! poison ( mu%rooms are exce$+ly v>i\s1 t is to say1 ! virus itself diff]s 9 diff]5t species1 bo? z to k9d &1 :]e t is ! same1 z to ! degree ( its conc5tration2 x is g5]ally1 h[ev]1 ( ! class call$ acro-n>cotic1 produc+ inflammatory affections ( ! inte/9es1 & ex]t+ a delet]i\s influ5ce ov] ! :ole n]v\s sy/em4 ,9 cases :]e only a v small quantity has be5 tak5 exp]im5tally1 a con/riction ( ! fauces has foll[$1 & cont9u$ = a p]iod v>y+ f "s m9utes to sev]al h\rs1 occasion+1 or n1 nausea1 heat1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 ev5 pa9 ( ! /oma*2 8sometimes ! affection is entirely conf9$ to ! head1 & a /upor or light delirium succe$s ! eat+ ( "s species1 & cont9ues = two or ?ree days40#ic ,n unfrequ5tly1 z 9 ^? cases cit$ by ,l>b]1 ! symptoms h be5 altoge!r ^? ( *ol]a1 )\t any c]ebral di/urbance :atev]2 b 9 o!r in/ances t h come to my k1 dur+ a sev]al ye>s' resid5ce on ! ,cont95t1 ^! h be5 ( a mix$ "*1#id 9 :i* bo? ! head & visc]a h p>ticipat$2 & ! autopsies aft] dea? h1 9 accordance ) ! symptoms1 %[n ! /oma* & inte/9es m or less disorganiz$ ) ! products ( inflammation1 toge!r ) a conge/$ /ate ( ! bra9 or ( its inve/m5ts1 or a local or g5]al s(t5+ ( its sub/ance4#ie ,! poison1 z has be5 said1 exi/s 9 v diff]5t degrees ( int5sity 9 diff]5t species4 ,9 "s1 z ! ,amanita v]na1 a few gra9s ( ! fre% fungus suffice to kill a dog2#if :ile ! ,ag>icus musc>ius1 ?\gh equally fatal 9 suffici5t quantities1 is n ne>ly s /rong4 ,"s "t 9 g5]al elapses f ! swall[+ ! poison to t 9 :i* its delet]i\s work+s fir/ beg9 to be felt4 ,i h he>d ( cases 7simil> to ^? cit$ 9 ! la/ note7 ( p]sons :o _h supp$ ov]night on ! meal t 0 to prove _! la/1 :o h slept1 ris5 next morn+1 gone to "w1 & cont9u$ work+ = h\rs1 be=e !y h be5 made aw>e ( _! condition4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! symptoms h once set 91 !y become rapidly m & m al>m+1 :ile ! *ances ( arre/+ or mitigat+ _! excruciat+ sev]ity less5 e m9ute4 ,z ! evils to be appreh5d$ f ! ag5cy ( ^! plants c only be prev5t$ by _! in/ant evacuation1 to assi/ ! disposition to vomit1 or1 if call$ 9 e>ly en\gh1 to anticipate x by ! mild] emetics 9 suffici5t doses 7surely n by /rong ones1 z "s h recomm5d$671 &1 :5 ! /oma* has be5 ?or\ghly evacuat$1 to relieve ! viol5ce ( ! pa9 by bl& mucilag9\s dr9ks1 ) opiates1 are ! indications pla9ly po9t$ out1 & ! means by :i* inflammation & subsequ5t sphacelus ( ! gut1 z well z ! delet]i\s effects produc$ on ! n]v\s sy/em by ! absorption ( ! poison into x1 h be5 occasionally av]t$2 b %\ld symptoms ( great depression be already pres5t 7z too frequ5tly happ5s be=e ! m$ical man arrives71 he w endeav\r1 9 t case1 to rally ! vital p[]s 7scanty ?\gh ! *ances ( success w !n be7 by small & repeat$ doses ( sulphuric e!r & ammonia comb9$1 or %\ld head symptoms require 8 int]f]5ce1 he mu/ 9 t case ble$4 ,,conditions ,,necess>y ,,to ,,_! ,,gr[?4 ,( ^!1 9 fact1 we "k b little1 & 9 ! great majority ( in/ances absolutely no?+2 9 a few cases moi/ure#ig & heat seem alone suffici5t1 ev5 9 our own h&s1 to cause "s ( !m to gr[2 9 o!rs1 electricity appe>s indisp5sable4 ,a wet autumn is g5]ally f\nd to be exce$+ly prolific 9 ^! plants1 ) ! foll[+ notable diff]5ce z to k9d3 all ^? t are p>asitical on trees %[ !mselves1 dur+ a wet season1 9 am\nt directly v>y+ ) t ( ! previ\s ra91 irrespective ( any o!r influ5ces conspir+ to give ?is effect2 :il/ ^?1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* issue f ! e>?1 :5 ! surface ( ?is has be5 long *ill$ or :5 ! electrical /ate ( ! air has n be5 mat]ially modifi$ = "s "t1 w be f\nd to come up sp>+ly or n at all1 :atev] ra9 may h fall54 ,an exception to ?is rule occurs 9 ! common mu%room1 :i*1 by ! comb9ation ( c]ta9 degrees ( heat & moi/ure1 may be re>$ ?r\gh\t ! ye> )\t ! co-op]ation ( electricity4 ,a v>iety ( plans h be5 recomm5d$ = ?is purpose1 _m ( :i* are bo? tr\blesome & exp5sive2 ! foll[+1 tak5 by ,m4 ,roques f a sci5tific "w on g>d5+1 & said to be infallible1 has1 if s1 ! great advantage ( extreme simplicity to recomm5d x3--8,hav+ obs]v$ t all ^? dunghills :i* ab\nd$ *iefly 9 %eep- or c[-dropp+s1 began %ortly to turn m\ldy on _! surface & to be> mu%rooms1 ,i collect$ a quantity ( ?is manure1 :i*1 s soon z x began to turn :ite1 ,i /rew$ lightly ov] "s melon-b$s & "s spr+ crops ( vegetables1 & obta9$ 9 ei!r case1 & z (t5 z ,i repeat$ ! exp]im5t1 a ready supply ( excell5t mu%rooms1 :i* came up f a mon? to six weeks aft] ! dung _h be5 s dispos$ (2 b z an equable temp]ature is 9 all cases desirable to r5d] ! result c]ta91 :]e ?is _c be secur$ "u ! protection ( glass1 ! next be/ plan is to scatt] a portion ( ! above dungs mix$ ) a little e>? 9 a cave or cell>1 to :i* "s tan is an excell5t addition2 = tan1 ?\gh x kills o!r vegetable gr[?s1 has q an opposite effect on funguses40 ,next to ! common mu%room1 9 reg>d to ! success att5d+ its cultivation1 comes t ( ! ,pietra funghaia1 a plant unkn[n to ,clusius1 b describ$ by ,ma?iolus & ,imp]ato1 "u ! "n ( ! #8/ony fungus4' ,cesalp9us has add$ to _! acc\nts1 directions = procur+ x ! :ole ye> ?r\gh1 :i*1 he says1 is to be done ei!r by irrigat+ ! soil ov] ! site ( ! /one1 or by transf]r+ ! ,pietra funghaia ) a portion ( ! orig9al m\ld1 & wat]+ x 9 our own g>d54 ,porta adds1 t ! funguses take sev5 days to come to p]fection1 & may be ga!r$ f ! nak$ block 7:]e ?is has be5 prop]ly moi/5$7 six times a ye>2 b 9 pref]5ce to m]ely wat]+ ! blocks1 he recomm5ds t a light cov]+ ( g>d5 m\ld %\ld be fir/ ?r[n ov] !m4 ,! ,pietra funghaia1 ?\gh its range ( t]ritory be extremely small1 lies emb$d$ 9 a v>iety ( soils1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* its ,polyporus1 l our own mu%room1 is v v>i\s 9 flav\r1 dep5d+ on ! k9d ( humus 9 :i* its matrix happ5s to be plac$4 ,^? t gr[ on ! high gr\nds above ,sorr5to1 & on ! sides ( ,vesuvius1 are 9 less e/eem ?an su* z are br\ght into ! ,naples m>ket f ! m\nta9s ( ,apulia4#ih ,a ?ird fungus1 :i* we h ! means ( produc+ ad libitum1 is t :i* spr\ts f ! poll>d head ( ! black popl>2#ii ^! heads x is usual to remove at ! latt] end ( autumn1 z soon z ! v9tage is ov]1 & _! m>riage ) ! v9e is annull$2 hundr$s ( su* heads are !n cut & transport$ to diff]5t p>ts2 !y are abundantly wat]$ dur+ ! fir/ mon?1 & 9 a %ort "t produce t truly delici\s fungus1 ,ag>icus caudic9us1 ! ,piopp9i1 :i*1 dur+ ! autumn ( ! ye>1 make ! greate/ %[ 9 _m ( ! ,italian m>ket-places4 ,^! poll>d blocks cont9ue to be>1 = f twelve to f\rte5 ye>s2 ,i saw a r[ ( !m 9 ! botanic g>d5 at ,naples1 :i*1 aft] ?is p]iod1 7 /ill productive1 ?\gh less frequ5tly1 & ( few] ,ag>ics at a crop4 ,! practice ( re>+ funguses f ! popl> is n mod]n2 ,dioscorides knew1 = he tells u t if we 8b>k ! :ite or black popl>1 cutt+ ! b>k into pieces & cov]+ x ) horse-dung1 an excell5t k9d ( fungus w spr+ up1 & cont9ue to be> ?r\gh\t ! ye>30 by way ( comm5t to :i* passage ,ma?iolus adds1 t a little leav5#ajj w produce an abundant crop 9 f\r days4 ,ano!r fungus1 :i* ,i h myself re>$ 7,polyporus avellanus71 is to be procur$ by s+e+ ov] a h&ful ( /raw a block ( ! cob-nut tree1 :i* is !n to be wat]$ & put by4 ,9 ab\t a mon? ! funguses make _! appe>ance1 :i* are q :ite1 ( f two to ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 & excell5t to eat2 :ile _! pr(usion is sometimes s great1 z entirely to hide ! wood f :i* !y spr+4#aja ,dr4 ,?ore says1 t 9 ! ,l&es1 ! ,boletus edulis & ,ag4 proc]us are con/antly rais$ by ! inhabitants ( t di/rict1 f a wat]y infusion ( ! said plants2 t some?+ m ?an ?is1 h[ev]1 is necess>y1 seems c]ta91 s9ce dur+ ! two or ?ree ye>s dur+ :i* ,i frequ5t$ ! ba?s ( ,lucca1 & 0 9 ! habit ( us+ infusions ( ^! & a v>iety ( o!r funguses1 (t5 ?r[+ !m ov] ! v spots :]e ea* k9d grew1 my exp]im5ts nev] succe$$4 ,nor 0 ,dr4 ,pucc9elli1 ( ,lucca1 :o repeat$ simil> exp]im5ts 9 ! botanic g>d5 !re1 mu* m successful4 ,briganti1 ( ,naples1 told me mu* ! same /ory2 & ,sangu9etti at ,rome 0 equally unsuccessful ) ,ottaviani at ,urb9o4 ,on mak+ inquiry ( fri5ds 9 ,engl& :o h attempt$ to propagate diff]5t k9ds ( funguses1 ei!r by infusion or o!rwise1 _! attempts g5]ally fail$4 ,my fri5d ,mrs4 ,hussey1 9 p>ticul>1 acqua9ts me t %e has be5 9 ! habit ( subject+ _m plants to a l exp]im5t1 & ) simil> want ( result4 ,la/ly1 z conc]n+ truffles1 ,mr4 ,bornholtz has giv5 directions h[ to re> !m1 :i*1 z !y are exce$+ly exp5sive & tr\blesome1 mu/ ne$s be infallible to secure proselytes1 ev5 among ! mo/ sworn amateurs ( ^! delicacies4 8,prep>e y\r gr\nd10 says he1 8) oak leaves 9 decay2 y mu/ also mix "s iron ) x & take c>e to make x ( a prop] consi/5ce1 ei!r by add+ s&1 %\ld x be too compact1 or clay1 %\ld x be ( too light a nature2 hav+ !n ) great c>e transplant$ y\r truffles1 7:i* mu/ be prop]ly pack$ ) a quantity ( ! orig9al m\ld ab\t !m17 !y are to be plac$ t5d]ly 9 ! new settlem5t1 cov]$ ov] lightly ) m\ld1 & ?is aga9 is to be cov]$ ) b\ghs ( oak & ,c>p9us ,betulus to protect ! deposit f mole/ation2 nei!r mu/ y consid] y\r "w complet$ till a sacr$ grove ( ^! p>ticul> trees has be5 plant$ r\nd x1 :i* mu/ be done ) su* precaution1 t :ile !y keep ! preci\s gr\nd 9 a p]petual twilight1 !y mu/ n ob/ruct x too mu*1 b leave a c]ta9 free passage to ! air40 ,aft] :i* injunctions1 if !y be c>efully att5d$ to1 ,mr4 ,b4 assures u t we c reckon1 )\t fe> ( disappo9tm5t1 on a di% ( truffles1 :5ev] we may want !m = ourselves or our fri5ds4 ,,fairy ,,r+s4 ,we "k z little ( ! orig9 ( fairy-r+s1 z ( any o!r ph5om5on connect$ ) ! gr[? ( funguses4 ,^! fairy-r+s are ( all sizes1 f "o & a half to ?irty feet 9 diamet]2 ! grass compos+ !m is obs]v$ 9 spr+1 to be ( a ?ick] gr[? ?an ! surr\nd+ h]bage1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( ! manure af=d$ by ! crop ( la/ ye>1 is ( a d>k] col\r4 ,)9 ^! r+s are frequ5tly se5 c]ta9 v>ieties ( ?is class ( plants1 v g5]ally ,ag>ics1 ?\gh puff-balls frequ5tly1 & occasionally ! ,boletus subtom5tosus1 affect a simil> mode ( gr[?4 ,( ! ,ag>ics :i* appe> 9 ^! circles1 "s ( ! pr9cipal are ,ag>icus oreades1 ,ag4 prunulus1 ,ag4 ,orcella1 ,ag4 ,georgii1 ,ag4 p]sonatus1 & ,ag4 campe/ris4 ,z all ^! fe$ at ! exp5se ( ! grass1 7by exhau/+ ! gr\nd t w\ld o!rwise h furni%$ x ) ! necess>y supplies17 ! ri*e/ vegetation 9 ! field is g5]ally ! fir/ to become se>$4 ,^! r+s 7giv+ bir? to "s "o species :i*1 dy+1 is n unfrequ5tly succe$$ by ano!r a little lat]1 & ?is p]haps by a ?ird1 9 ! same ord] ( occurr5ce7 cont9ue to enl>ge _! b\nd>ies = a long b indef9ite p]iod4 ,x seems n easy to det]m9e precisely1 to ! op]ation ( :at cause or causes ! increase 9 ! size ( ^! circles f ye> to ye> %\ld be attribut$4 ,is x ! projectile =ce ) :i* ! spores are dissem9at$ all r\nd1 t has c>ri$ !m s uni=mly beyond ! m>g9 ( ! la/ r+ z to =m a conc5tric circle = ! next ( l>g] diamet] beyond8 ,or is ! cause to be s\ght und]gr\nd1 9 ! g5]al spread ( ! spawn ( la/ ye> 9 all directions outw>ds1 b only f]tile 9 a conc5tric r+ beyond ! site ( ! la/ crop1 :i* _h already exhau/$ ! gr\nd1 & s r5d]$ x incapable ( support+ any new vegetable life8 ,or d bo? ^! causes conspire 9 ?is result8 ,! quantity ( spawn & ( ! spores necess>ily conta9$ 9 x1 & ! dep? to :i* !y p5etrate "u ! surface ( ! soil1 r5d]s ! possibility ( _! spread+ 9 ! latt] way easily conceivable4#ajb ,,on ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,funguses4 8,ins ,innre d] ,natur dr+t ke9 ers*affn] ,gei/1 ,zu glckli* wem sie nur die ussre ,s*ale ls/40--,hall]4 ,x w\ld be an insult to ! read]'s und]/&+1 & a mo/ idle wa/e ( 8 "t1 to attempt to confute su* self-de/roy+ dogmas z ^? ( 8spontane\s0 or ( 8equivocal0 g5]ation1 :i* la/ is only a clumsy quivoque expressive ( ! same ?+3 we might j z well talk ( ! p5dulum ( a clock g5]at+ ! "t & space 9 :i* x librat$1 z ( dead matt] spontane\sly quick5+ & actuat+ ^? new movem5ts ( :i* "s ( its p>ticles h become ! seat2 = h[1 9 ! "n ( common s5se1 c t :i* we assume to be dead1 i4 e4 emphatically & totally )\t life1 convey su* purely vital ph5om5a z ^? ( intus-susception & gr[?1 :i* by ! v supposition are no long] )9 itself8 ,life1 on su* an hypo!sis z ?is1 ceases to be ! opposite & antagoni/ pr9ciple to dea?1 ( :i* x !n becomes b a diff]5t mode & a new phasis4 ,x is n ! incompreh5sibility ( su* a notion 7be x well und]/ood7 aga9/ :i* ! objection lies1 = z life beg9s & ends 9 my/]y1 t w\ld be no objection2 x lies 9 ! ra%ness ( attempt+ to solve an admitt$ my/]y1 by plac+ a palpable absurdity 9 its room2 va9ly & irrev]5tly arrogat+ to itself ! hon\rs ( a discov]y :i* we are to believe if we c6 ,at ?is rate1 addl$ eggs1 ab&on$ by ! vital pr9ciple1 might take to hat*+ !mselves6 ,a m legitimate & v int]e/+ subject = inquiry is1 :e!r ^? funguses :i* are p>asitical 7i4 e4 d]ive _! support f ! /ructures :5ce !y emanate7 are s _m sep>ate con/itu5ts ( a sup]ior life "u analysis1 or ea* ( itself a new individual8 ,9 support ( ! fir/ view1 x is urg$ t s9ce reproduction 9 su* l[] exi/5ces is no?+ b a modification ( nutrition1 a new process might well orig9ate f its p]v]sion1 & ?us give rise to new products2 & j z ! *ange 9 ! ord9>y nutrition ( our bodily organs is prone to give bir? to v>i\s local disorganizations or morbid gr[?s1 su*1 x is argu$1 might be ! orig9 ( fungoid gr[? on trees4 ,b !n comes ! difficulty3 su* a view does n1 & pla9ly _c1 expla9 ! developm5t ( ! n p>asitical k9ds1 ( :i* ! orig9 %\ld be ! same2 no1 nor ev5 ( all t live by suction at ! exp5se ( o!r plants1 s9ce !re are z _m k9ds :i* quick5 9 dead & decay+ /ructures1 z !re are t issue out ( decrepit & liv+ ones2 "h1 !n1 x is pla9 t p]v]t$ nutrition c h no?+ to d ) _! production1 = 9 ?is case nutrition has1 by ! supposition1 ceas$2 & to talk ( disease aft] dea? w\ld be a /range figure ( spee* inde$6 ,an elm or oak is frequ5tly dead five1 seldom less ?an ?ree1 ye>s be=e ^! p>asitical gr[?s make _! appe>ance1 f :i* x w\ld appe> to foll[ t se$s are n develop$ by1 b t !y mu/ be extrane\s to1 & indep5d5t (1 any pa?ological relation ( ! plant f :i* !y gr[4 ,if !n fungus life be n to be s\ght =1 & _c ) propriety be said to orig9ate 9 any morbid conditions ( ! tissues f :i* !y spr+1 :5ce d !y d]ive life--9 o!r words1 :5ce 9 e in/ance comes t p>ticul> se$ :i*1 :5 quick5$1 is to produce aft] its k9d8 ,lies ?is dormant = a season 9 ^? dead & decay+ tissues1 :i* a little lat] ! plant orig9at+ f x is de/9$ to embelli%2 or is ! liv+ g]m fir/ br\ght to !m by ! w9ds1 & m]ely deposit$ on _! surface1 z 9 a fitt+ nidus on :i* _! future developm5t is to be effect$8 ,"s writ]s take "o view1 "s ano!r4 ,_m believe ! se$s ( funguses to come directly f ! e>?1#ajc & to be drawn up ) ! sap1 :i*1 z x p5etrates ?r\gh\t ! tissues ( ! plant1 mu/ c>ry ! se$s also along ) x4 ,t su* is actually sometimes ! case is c]ta91 s9ce we c n only plant p>asitical blights ( a p>ticul> k9d s z to infect p>ticul> plants1 b may also by digg+ a tr5* betwe5 ^? t h already become diseas$1 & ^? t are /ill heal?y1 /ay ! progress ( ! blight--?us cle>ly e/abli%+ n only ! fact ( se$s1 b also ! highly int]e/+ additional "o1 ( _! asc5t into ! /ructures ( plants by intus-susception2 & to arrive at a g5]al view f ^! p>ticul> cases1 ?is w\ld seem to be ! usual mode ( _! propagation4 ,nei!r does x make aga9/ ?is view nor is x m 9 fav\r ( ! o!r1 :i* supposes ! g]ms to be d]iv$ prim>ily f ! air1 & to be !nce precipitat$ on ! /ructures :]e !y gr[1 t funguses are f\nd on organizations 9 decay1 on )]$ b\ghs1 & on se>$ leaves1 out ( :i* all sap mu/ ( c\rse h be5 long ago exsiccat$2 = :at !n8 ?\gh ! sap does1 ! se$s d n1 evaporate ) x4 ,^!1 once absorb$ & diffus$ dur+ ! lifetime ( ! plant ?r\gh\t its :ole economy1 rema9 !re 9 a /ate ( pot5tial activity1 ready to bur/ =? & g]m9ate :5ev] ! necess>y conditions = ^! wond]ful *anges %all be pres5t$ to !m1 j z ?\gh ! se$s ( corn n[ fl\ri%+ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl&1 _h fir/ exi/$ = "s ?\s& ye>s z mummy :eat1 pot5tially & unquick5$4 ,no?+ p]i%es 9 nature3 8de/ructio unius matrix alt]ius20 life may *ange titles1 b nev] becomes ext9ct2 s soon z ! m p]fect plant dies1 a ho/ ( o!r vegetable exi/5ces1 hi!rto en?rall$ by laws ( an organization sup]ior to _! own1 n[ t ! connection has be5 dissev]$1 put =? _! sep>ate en]gies1 & sev]ally ass]t _! indep5d5ce4 ,! popl> may h p]i%$1 root1 /em1 & bran*1 b its ext9ction is only ! signal = o!r exi/5ces1 :i* _h be5 h]et(ore b\nd up & hid )9 its own1 to ass]t !mselves2 & accord+ly a ,polyporus spr\ts out "h2 "h a ,!lephora embelli%es ! dead b>k2 & "h an ,ag>ic spr+s out ( ! decay+ fibres ( its head3 ^! 9 turn also decay1 b z !y m\ld] away !y langui% into a new k9d ( fung\s life1 ( an inf]ior type to ! la/1 z if _! own vitality 7 inf]ior 9 k9d to t ( ! decay$ popl>1 :5ce !y lately issu$4#ajd ,?us1 s9ce ! se$s ( funguses actually exi/ 9 great quantity 9 o!r plants1 & s9ce !y occur 9 ! clos$ int]ior ( fruits & 9 corollas :i* are /ill 9 _! envelopes 79 ei!r case out ( ! rea* ( ! ext]nal air72 s9ce f9ally1 ! ,pietra funghaia1 :i* produces a ,polyporus unkn[n to ,engl&1 may be1 not)/&+1 made to g]m9ate 9 ,engl& by furni%+ ! /one ) adequate supplies ( wat] & ( heat1 t seems ! m t5able hypo!sis ( ! two1 :i*1 9 e case1 supposes ! nidus ( ! fungus to furni% ! se$1 & ! atmosph]e1 ! conditions necess>y = its quick5+4 ,h[ ! se$ is fir/ made to quick5 is ano!r & mo/ int]e/+ "q1 /ill evolv$ 9 my/]y4 ,z !re is no ocul> evid5ce to be obta9$ ( ! usual organs ( sex1 "s mycologi/s h sep>at$ funguses f ! family ( ! cl&e/9ely m>ri$ ,cryptogamia1 to place !m ) ! ,agamia1 :i* repudiate ! m>riage tie2#aje b z e argum5t f ignorance is unsafe1 7& su* w\ld appe> to be p>ticul>ly ! case "h1 :5 we consid] h[ _m ?+s und\bt$ly exi/1 :i* ! imp]fection ( l5ses & ! circumscrib$ p[] ( ! eye prev5t our see+17 we %\ld r make use ( :at is display$ to u 9 ! economy ( o!r plants1 9 ! way ( analogy z appli$ to ^!1 ?an d5y :at is likely1 m]ely because x is n an object ( s5se4 ,x w\ld appe> !n1 f :at has be5 /at$1 t c]ta9 funguses are produc$ l o!r plants1 f se$s2 & m likely at lea/1 9 ! p>asitic k9ds1 t su* se$s are d]iv$ by ! plant :i* supports !m f ! gr\nd1 ?an deposit$ f ! atmosph]e4 ,be=e we proce$ to ! description ( species1 a few m words rema9 to be said ab\t ^! spores1 & a brief notice to be tak5 ( ^? p>ts t are ess5tial to all1 & m especially ( su* z are *>act]i/ic ( ^? high] =ms ( funguses :i* are ! m imm$iate subject ( ! pres5t "w4 ,,spores ,,or ,,se$s4 ,all funguses h n se$s1--at lea/1 se$s app>5t to u2#ajf b if we reflect t ^!1 ev5 :]e visible1 c d no m ?an pres5t to our s5ses ! visible tab]nacle ( t life :i* is /ill invisible1 & :i*1 n be+ mat]ial1 mu/ ev] elude our se>*1#ajg !n x w n appe> s difficult to conceive t ! app>5tly se$less ?reads ( "s p>ticul> m\lds %\ld include1 9 _! int]ior1 vital g]ms ( "s sort1 :i*1 be+ homog5e\s )1 or ( ! same col\r z1 ! p>5*yma ( ! m\ld itself1 are invisible--j z we "k !m to be = a season 9 puff-balls1 9 ! ve9s ( truffles1 or 9 ! ,agyrium1 ! receptacle ( :i* la/ breaks up1 :5 ripe1 into sporidia1 :i* !n & n till !n become manife/4 ,! se$s ( funguses are call$ spores3 9 ! great majority ( cases1 ! microscope1 :i* br+s _! %apes "u obs]vation 7= to ! nak$ eye !y appe> z du/71 pres5ts !m to u z r\nd1 oval1 oblong1 or ev5 angul> corpuscules1 &1 m r>ely /ill1 e*9ulate or ) a tail4 ,!y are z v>i\s 9 size z 9 %ape1 ! fir/ be>+ no proportion :atev] to ! dim5sions ( ! future plant4 ,!y v>y1 too1 greatly 9 col\r1 be+ sometimes ( a pure :ite1 & cont9u+ s ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( _! sem9al exi/5ce2 at o!r times1 ! :ite acquires a yell[ t+e on dry+4 ,"s are br[n1 "s yell[1 "s p9k1 "s purple1 "s purple-black1 & "s pass successively f p9k to purple1 & f purple to purple-black4#ajh ,^! se$s or spores are sometimes nak$1 b are mu* m commonly %ut up 9 little p\*es or receptacles1 ei!r ( a regul> or ( an irregul> %ape2 ! fir/ are call$ !c1 ! latt] sporanges2 !c 7:i* are 9 %ape simil> to ! cases ( ! same "n t us$ to receive ! anci5t 1 or scrolls7 are small1 cyl9drical bodies1 9 :i* ! se$s lie "o ov] ! o!r1 z 9 a r\leau2 !y are !mselves let into a receptacle 7or t "p ( ! fungus ! (fice ( :i* is to receive & support ! reproductive organs7 9 a regul> & symmetrical mann]1 & at l5g? occupy x completely4 ,n all are prolific2 = "s1 press+ ^u o!rs1 cause !m to abort1 leav+ :]ev] ?is happ5s1 /]ile !c1 or p>aphyses1 betwe5 ^? t are f]tile4 ,sporanges are little globose or turb9at$ receptacles1 frequ5tly furni%$ ) a p$icle1 9 :i* ! se$s lie )\t ord]1 z !y are !mselves ins]t$ symmetrically1 or )\t ord]1 into ! receptacle4 ,sometimes ^! se$s are pack$ 9 s]ies ( f\rs1 z 9 ! fimet>y ,ag>ics2 9 o!r g5]a1 z 9 ! ,helvell & ,morels1 !y are /or$ away 9 s]ies ( eights4 ,! spores1 s soon z !y are ripe1 ei!r drop out ( ! sporif]\s membrane 7hym5ium71 or1 z m frequ5tly happ5s1 are project$ f x ) an ela/ic j]k1 or else1 z is ! case ( ,ag>ics ( a deliquesc5t k9d1 return to ! e>? mix$ up ) ! black liquid into :i* ^! ultimately resolve !mselves4 ,sometimes ! :ole ext]nal surface ( ! fungus is du/$ ) se$2 b mu* m frequ5tly !y are re/rict$ to "s p>ticul> "p1 & ei!r lie on ! upp] side1 z 9 ! ,peziz1 or on t :i* is b5ea?1 z 9 ! mu%room4 ,! spores g5]ally lie on ! outside ( ! fungus1 b 9 ! puff-ball1 z e "o kn[s1 !y are int]nal1 & 9 su* prodigi\s quantity z sometimes entirely to fill its cavity4 ,x is a speculation f ,g]many1 t spores are capable ( alt]+ _! =ms1 & t accord+ to ! accid5ts ( climate or soil1 !y assume ?is or t type1 & give rise at diff]5t times to diff]5t k9ds ( funguses2 on :i* x is suffici5t to rem>k1 t :ile !re is n ! lea/ f\ndation = su* an hypo!sis1 !re is 9 fact mu* evid5ce aga9/ x2 nature acts by immutable laws & has no *angel+s4 ,to appeal to exp]i5ce1 :5 did mu%rooms ev] spawn toad/ools8 ,:5 0 ! ,pietra funghaia ev] se5 to br+ =? any?+ b its own ,polyporus8 or ! fig1 ! popl>1 or ! hazel 7:5 s+$ & wat]$ to r5d] !m prolific7 exhibit any b _! own p>ticul> mu%room8 ,spores are end[$1 l o!r se$s1 ) an extraord9>y vitality1 :i* may lie dormant 9 !m = an indef9ite p]iod2 b unlike mo/ o!r se$s1 !y seem capable ( resi/+ ! prolong$ heat ( boil+ wat]1 infus$ 9 :i*1 & p\r$ ^u ! gr\nd1 !y are /ill capable ( produc+ ea* aft] its k9d4 ,! specific gravity ( spores is great] ?an t ( wat]1 z may be se5 by plac+ a mu%room ov] a glass :i* conta9s x1 :51 fall+ ^u ! surface1 !y pres5tly subside to ! bottom4 ,^! spores sometimes m]ely multiply )\t any fur!r progress 9 developm5t2 sometimes !y proce$ a c]ta9 way only1 & !n1 ! conditions necess>y = _! fur!r advance fail+1 ?is is arre/$2 sometimes1 z 9 ! ,si/otrema1 ! plant appe>s twice "u a p]fect =m1 be+ = "p ( its exi/5ce a ,hydnum1 & dur+ ! o!r half a ,boletus2 b1 g5]ally speak+1 ^! m9ute corpuscul> bodies are de/9$ to receive an inf9ite v>iety ( protean & imp]fect =ms1 & to pass /age by /age1 & /ep by /ep1 to ! full atta9m5t ( t ultimate "o :i* !y assume :5 _! gr[? has rea*$ its natural limits4 ,sometimes ! spore exp&s outright into a puff-ball2 sometimes x %oots up /raight into a club1 z 9 "s ( ! ,clav>ias2 or lies l a b[l1 resup9ate on ! gr\nd & /alkless1 z 9 ! ,peziza2 9 o!r cases1 x assumes ! m p]fect b mu* less simple =ms ( ,*ant]elle1 ,boletus1 ,ddalea1 ,morel1 or ,mu%room4 ,,developm5t ,,( ,,se$s4 ,! mode 9 :i* ! organs imm$iately conta9+ ! se$s are =m$1 diff]s accord+ to ! family4 ,9 ! tribe ( puff-balls1 :]e ! se$ is =m$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! fungus1 !re is no hym5ium2 a few ( ! int]nal cells 7:5 ! ,lycop]don has atta9$ its full size7 beg9 to enl>ge1 & ^! 9 a %ort "t are f\nd to conta9 small granules1 g5]ally ( a det]m9ate numb]1 & moi/5$ by a fluid secret$ f )9 ! walls4 ,9 su* funguses z h an hym5ium x is only "s ( ! sup]ficial cells1 & ^! 9 a p>ticul> position 9 ref]5ce to ! receptacle1 t conta9 se$s2 ?\gh p]fect id5tity ( /ructure ?r\gh\t1 is ev9c$ 9 a conclusive mann] if we inv]t ! head ( a "y fungus on its /alk2 = !n ^! !c beg9 to =m & to fill !mselves ) se$1 n on ! side :]e !y 7 ab\t to d s previ\s to ?is inv]sion ( ! head1 b on t :i* 0 ! upp]mo/ & /]ile surface1 & :i*1 n[ t x is ! und]mo/1 has become prolific4 ,! expansion ( a fungus1 accord+ to ,vittad9i1 is effect$ z foll[s3--8,^! !c10 ( :i* we h be5 speak+1 8z !y swell1 become di/5d$ ) ! conta9$ se$1 & mo/ly s at _! free extremity1 s9ce !y h m room = expansion 9 t direction ?an at ! o!r1 :i* is impact$ into ! sub/ance ( ! pileus2 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 a s]ies ( w$ges are =m$ :i*1 z ! se$ cont9ues to di/5d !m1 =ce out ! pileus1 loos5 its m>g9al connections ) ! /alk1 uncurl its involut$ bord]s1 & f9ally op5 up its cells1 pores1 & s9uses40#aji ,9 ^? subt]ranean funguses :i* mature _! se$s bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 ! l[] portion1 s soon z ?is is accompli%$ 9 ! upp]1 sudd5ly takes to gr[ upw>ds1 c>ry+ along ) x ! bag1 :i*1 on rea*+ ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 bur/s its envelopes & scatt]s its prolific du/ to ! w9ds4 ,all funguses1 z has already be5 obs]v$1 h 9 all probability spores1 ?\gh 9 a few in/ances1 ( byssoid gr[?s1 7,hyphas1 ,himantias1 & !lias17 ^! are n app>5t2 9 mo/ cases too1 !y are atta*$ to an hym5ium1 into :i*1 or on ! surface ( :i*1 !y are plac$ till ripe4 ,"o v l>ge tribe1 by f> ! l>ge/1 are call$ ,hym5omycetes1 f 1 a membrane1 & 1 a fungus2 i4 e4 funguses ) a se$ membrane3 to di/+ui% !m f ^? o!r k9ds1 v small num]ically 9 proportion to !mselves1 ,ga/]omycetes1 9 :i* ! se$s1 arrang$ & /or$ away 9 p>ticul> receptacles1 nam$ sporanges or !c1 are ) !m includ$ 9 ! belly 77 ( ! fungus1 z is ! case 9 truffles & puff-balls4 ,! hym5ium1 l t curi\sly d\bl$-d[n %eet ( pap] :i* conjurors turn into s _m %apes1 assumes a great v>iety ( =ms2 runn+ d[n ! gills ( ! mu%rooms & ! plaits ( ! ,can?>ellus1 up into ! tubes ( ! ,boletuses2 %ea?+ ! vegetable tee? ( ,hydna1 =m+ an intricate labyr9? ( ana/omos+ plates 9 ,ddalea2 n[ ris+ into little r\gh em95ces on ! surface ( ! ,!lephor1 & n[ af=d+ a smoo? inve/m5t to t ( ! ,clav>i4 ,x is cov]$ ) a veil1 :i* disappe>s s soon z ! spores beg9 to rip51 & its protection is no long] requir$2 se5 "u ! microscope1 x appe>s to be :olly made up ( !c4 ,,successive ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,spores4 ,:5 ! spore is to cease to be a spore1 & to become a mu%room1 ! fir/ ?+ x does is to s5d =? c]ta9 cotton-l filam5ts1 ^: int]fac+s entangle x completely :ile !y also s]ve to atta* x to ! place ( its bir?2 ^! ?reads 7l ! spongioles atta*$ to ! roots ( phnogam\s plants1 ^: "n suffici5tly expla9s _! (fice7 absorb & br+ n\ri%m5t to ! quick5$ spore1 :i* !n ma9ta9s itself entirely by intus-susception4 ,all ?is takes place be=e ! g]m has bur/1 or ! embryo fungus begun to develope its organs4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ^! elem5t>y ?reads are1 l ! ord9>y roots ( plants1 spread out to a consid]able di/ance und]gr\nd1 =m+ "h & !re 9 _! c\rse small bulbs or tub]cles1 ea* ( :i*1 9 turn1 becomes a new individual2 9 o!rs1 & m commonly1 ^! spores are spr9kl$ ab\t unconnect$ly1 z 9 ! ,pietra funghaia1 affect+ c]ta9 spots only1 :i* become s _m small matrices :]e( ea* furni%es a crop4 ,! union ( _m g]m9at+ granules toge!r ) _! connect+ ?reads1 con/itutes mu%room spawn1 or1 z x is te*nically call$1 c>cytes4#aaj ,exam9$ a %ort "t aft] quick5+1 ! spore is f\nd to h swell$ out into a fle%y k]nel2 :i* 9 puff-balls1 truffles1 & ! ut]9e subt]ranean families g5]ally1 con/itutes ( itself ! :ole fungus2 ?is only gr[s 9 size aft]w>ds1 ! sub/ance & orig9al =m rema9+ ! same ?r\gh ! entire p]iod ( developm5t4 ,9 ^? de/9$ to live "u ! influ5ce ( air & light1 ?is same rudim5tal nucleus gradually evolves new p>ts1 & assumes1 z we h se51 a va/ v>iety ( =ms1 7:]e( ea* p>ticul> "o is pr$et]m9$ by ! orig9al bias impr9t$ ^u e spore at its creation17 & "h !re is a manife/ analogy ) ! progressive developm5t ( new p>ts 9 ! high] plants4 ,9 su* funguses z are wrapp$ up 9 a volva or bag1 dur+ ! e>lie/ p]iod ( gr[?1 ?is furni%es !m n only ) ! means ( protection1 b ( n\ri%m5t also4 ,?is volva1 :i* is =m$ by ! m]e swell+ out ( ! orig9al fle%y bulb1 :5 x has gr[n to a c]ta9 size1 exhibits t[>ds its c5tre ! rudim5ts ( ! "y fungus2 ( :i* ! receptacle appe>s fir/1 & all ! o!r p>ts 9 succession4 ,! embryo1 next tak+ to gr[1 9 its turn approa*es ! circumf]5ce ( ! volva1 :i*1 hav+ by ?is "t ceas$ to exp&1 is bur/ op51 & sometimes ) mu* viol5ce1 by ! em]g+ ,amanite4 ,z soon z ! hym5ium has p>t$ ) its se$1 :i* falls f x 9 ! =m ( f9e du/1 ! fungus1 collaps+1 ei!r )]s on its /em1 or else dissolves into a black liquid & s escapes to ! e>?4 ,9 su* funguses z h n a volva1 ! basil> or prim>y nucleus %oots up at once 9 ! =m ( a cone1 & a little lat] pres5ts at its apex ! rudim5ts ( a receptacle or head2 by degrees1 & frequ5tly by sl[ degrees1#aaa ! p]fect$ /ructures ( ! plant are elaborat$ & spread !mselves out into "s ( ! =ms m5tion$ above1 ( :i* ! clavate is ! mo/ simple1 & t ) gills ! mo/ complex4 ,! prim>y nucleus is =m$ out ( simple cellul> membrane1 ! cells ( :i*1 at fir/ elongat+1 & at l5g? unit+ into little bundles1 assume a fibr\s appe>ance2 sometimes ^! fascicul> bodies effuse !mselves un*ang$ into ! sub/ance ( ! receptacle1 9 :i* !y spread out & are lo/2 at o!rs1 a transv]se l9e makes ! dem>cation betwe5 ! pileus & /em4#aab ,! la/ "p =m$ 9 a fungus1 g5]ally1 is t :i* be>s ! se$2 & :5ev] an exception to ?is occurs1 & ! se$ is =m$ at an e>li] p]iod ?an usual1 nature has 9 ?is case provid$ ?ree membranes1 to cov] & protect ^! delicate organs till ! plant %all h atta9$ maturity3 ^! are ! r+ 7annulus71 ! veil 7velum71 & ! wrapp] 7volva74 ,,( ,,! ,,annulus1 ,,! ,,velum1 ,,& ,,! ,,volva4 ,( ^! involucra ! fir/ two are p>tial1 ! o!r univ]sal4 ,! ,volva is a ?ick membranace\s cov]+1 orig9at+ at ! base ( ! fungus1 :i* x ?us connects ) ! e>?1 & furni%es1 dur+ its ftal life1 ) ! means ( support & n\ri%m5t4 ,:5 ?is has ceas$1 & ! plant has quitt$ its wrapp]1 if ?is /ill adh]e to ! base ( ! /alk1 x is /yl$ manife/ 7manife/a71 b if !re be no traces ( x left1 oblit]at$ 7oblit]ata74 ,x is free :5 x c be easily deta*$1 & cong5ital :5 x _c )\t lac]ation4 ,9 funguses ) bulb\s roots x is cong5ital1 9 ^? )\t bulbs x is free4 ,all funguses t h a volva are ( c\rse volvati1 b z ?is organ exi/s 9 _m only s long z !y are und]gr\nd1 mycologi/s are agre$ to re/rict ! t]m to su* alone z reta9 x aft]w>ds4 ,! ,r+4--,?is1 :i* diff]s consid]ably 9 =m1 sub/ance1 & 9 its atta*m5ts1 is compos$ ei!r ( a cont9u\s %eet ( membrane or else ( a numb] ( delicately-spun ?reads1 resembl+ a spid]'s web1#aac :i* 9 ei!r case pass+ f ! m>g9 ( ! pileus to ! correspond+ upp] portion ( ! /em1 give way z ! plant exp&s1 & ei!r fe/oon = a season ! m>g9 ( ! cap1 or encircle ! /alk ) a r+4 ,! m>g9al rema9s ( ! ,annulus are extremely fugaci\s1 b ! r+ r\nd ! /alk1 ?\gh g5]ally transitory1 is sometimes p]si/5t2 x is sup]ior or desc5d+ :5 orig9at+ f ! summit ( ! /em1 x desc5ds outw>ds & d[nw>ds to =m connections ) ! rim ( ! pileus2 inf]ior or asc5d+ :51 com+ (f f t portion ( ! /alk :i* is bel[ ! pileus1 x asc5ds to atta* itself to ?is4 ,9 a few cases ! r+ is p>tly membranace\s & p>tly compos$ ( radiat+ ara*noid ?reads4 ,! ,veil4--,"s funguses n only pres5t ! r+ j m5tion$1 _! hym5ium or se$ membrane be+ fur!r protect$ f h>m by a second inve/m5t1 ! veil1 ,velum1 ! /alk orig9 ( :i*1 :5 exi/+ 9 conjunction ) an annulus1 is bel[ x1 b :5 ! fungus is n annulate1 ! velum rises high] up on ! /alk1 /ret*es across to meet & is aft]w>ds reflect$ ov] ! :ole surface ( ! pileus2 on ! expansion ( ! ,ag>ic ?is inve/m5t is entirely brok5 up1 & exhibits ^? well-kn[n flocks1 :i* h be5 call$ by ! le>n$ v]ruc1 b :i*1 z !y are g5]ally ( a dirty lepr\s hue1 & affect m or less ( a circul> arrangem5t1 h procur$ = ?is :ole tribe ( ,amanites 9 ,italy ! uncomely epi!t ( tignosi1 or scald-heads4 ,:]e !re has be5 bo? a volva & a velum1 z sometimes happ5s 9 ! same fungus1 ^! v]ruc are ( diff]5t col\rs accord+ z !y are remnants ( ! fir/ m]ely1 or ( bo? toge!r4#aad ,! velum 9 ! subg5us ,limacium is a slimy coat+ adh]+ to ! head ( ! fungus1 :i* !n looks z if x _h be5 dipp$ 9 gum mucilage2 ?is g5]ally disappe>s aft] a "t1 leav+ ! epid]mis dry1 ?\gh sometimes1 l ! solid membranace\s veil1 x is m or less p]si/5t4 ,! waxy cov]+ on ! pileus ( ! ,ag4 viresc5s1 :i* aft] a "t cracks & tessellates its surface1 is only an exudation limit$ to ! upp] portion ( ! cap1 & n a veil4 ,! ,/alk4--,?is1 :i* is abs5t 9 _m p>asitical funguses ( ! ,ord] ,pileati1 :5 pres5t1 ei!r effuses itself un9t]rupt$ly into ! sub/ance ( ! pileus1 :i* x !n1 9 fact1 =ms1 or else supports m]ely z on a pill>1 a di/9ct l9e ( dem>cation %[+ :]e ! fibres t]m9ate4 ,x assumes a great v>iety ( =ms1 :i* s]ve 9 _m in/ances to *>act]ize species2 besides :i* peculi>ities !re are o!rs to be not$1 z ! mode ( its ins]tion into ! pileus1 its hav+ or n hav+ a r+1 ! circum/ance ( its be+ scabr\s1 glossy1 or tom5tose1 reticulat$1 spott$1 or /rip$1 ( "o col\r above & ano!r bel[1 or ( its *ang+ col\r :5 bruis$1 any ( :i* may sometimes assi/ our diagnosis4 ,! ,pileus4--,by f> ! l>g] numb] ( funguses m5tion$ 9 ?is "w h a pileus1 or cap2 all su* belong to ! fir/ great tribe ,pileati2 !y include ! g5]a ,ag>icus1 ,boletus1 ,can?>ellus1 ,mor*ella1 ,hydnum1 ,fi/ul9a1 & ,polyporus1 ea* ( :i* furni%es its quota ( alim5t>y species1 toge!r ) _m o!rs n escul5t4 ,! =m ( ! pileus1 l t ( ! /alk1 is v>i\s 9 ^! diff]5t g5]a1 besides be+ v>iable 9 ! diff]5t species ( ! same g5us2 g5]ally x assumes an orbicul> or umbrella %ape1 especially 9 su* funguses z gr[ solit>y on ! gr\nd1 :il/ 9 o!rs1 p>asitical on trees1 7p>ticul>ly :5 !y h no /alk17 x is m or less ( a half-hemisph]e4 ,! ,gills4--,^? v]tical plates on ! "u surface ( ! mu%room1 :i* radiate f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce1 l ! spokes ( a :eel1 are call$ ,gills 7lamell72 !y are n =m$1 z "s h suppos$1 ( lay]s ( ! r$uplicat$ se$-membrane alone1 b by a prolongation ( ! fibres ( ! pileus1 :i* ^! m]ely inve/4 ,! fibr\s /ructure is mo/ app>5t 9 ,ag>ics ) ?ick gills2 9 ^? :]e ! fle% *anges col\r :5 bruis$2 or :]e1 ! int]pos$ fle% rema9+ :ite1 ! hym5ium is t+$ ) ! col\r ( ! rip5+ spores4 ,9 ^? funguses :i* h little fle% ! upp] surface ( ! pileus1 especially t[>ds ! circumf]5ce1 is frequ5tly furr[$ ) transv]se sulci2 ^! are occasion$ by ! s9k+ 9 ( ! epid]mis along ) ! fibres ( ! fle% betwe5 ! lay]s ( ! hym5ium1 & consequ5tly _! position always corresponds precisely to t occupi$ by ! backs ( ! gills4 ,! end ne>e/ ! /alk is t]m$ po/]ior 7po/ica71 ! opposite extremity ant]ior 7antica72 ! t]m9ations ( ! less] gills take place at v>i\s di/ances %ort ( ! /alk1 :i* ! p]fect gills rea*1 & d[n :i* !y sometimes c\rse or are decurr5t 7decurr5tes72 !y are said to be adnate 7adnat7 :5 connect$ at _! po/]ior end2 free 7lib]7 :5 !y d n adh]e2 remote 7remot7 :5 !y t]m9ate at a c]ta9 di/ance f ! /em2 em>g9ate 7em>g9at7 :5 !y are obtusely not*$ or holl[$ out po/]iorly2 d5ticulate 7d5ticulat7 :5 connect$ by means ( a too?2 equal 7quales7 :5 all ( ! same l5g?2 =k$ 7furcat7 & bran*$ 7ramos7 :5 !y divide 9 _! c\rse1 once1 or m frequ5tly1 or are connect$ at ! sides ) ! imp]fect gills2 d$alean 7ddale7 :5 !y ana/omose irregul>ly toge!r2 simple 7simplices7 :5 !y are free f all connections2 di/ant 7di/antes7 :5 !y are few & wide ap>t2 close 7conf]t7 :5 !y are v num]\s & t\* ea* o!r2 s]rat$ 7s]rat7 :5 not*$ l a saw2 wav$ 7undulat7 :5 ! m>g9 is undulat+2 & imbricat+ 7imbricat7 :5 !y lie "o ov] ano!r1 l tiles4 ,! ,tubes4--,funguses ( ! g5us ,boletus1 etc41 pres5t on _! "u surface1 9 place ( gills1 s]ies ( small holl[ cyl9d]s or tubes2 :i* are = ! mo/ "p sold]$ side to side l ! cells ( a honeycomb1 b 9 ! ,fi/ul9a are unconnect$4 ,l ! gills1 !y are prolongations ( ! fibres ( ! pileus1 b l9$1 in/ead ( coat$1 by ! hym5ium2 _! free extremities are ! pores1 :i* at fir/ are clos$1 b aft]w>ds op5 to let ! se$ escape3 !y are g5]ally ( equal l5g? & simple1 b sometimes 9 ! int]ior ( a l>ge "o small] tubes may be disc]n$1 9 :i* case ! fir/ is t]m$ comp\nd4 ,) ref]5ce to ! /alk1 !y are ei!r adnate or decurr5t1 !y fir/ appe> z a network =m$ by slight prom95ces ( ! fibres ( ! pileus2 if at ?is e>ly p]iod a portion be remov$ toge!r ) a piece ( ! fle%1 x is reproduc$ 9 a few days & ! tubes develop$ z usual4 ,! beautiful reticulations obs]v$ on ! /alk ( "s ,boletuses are produc$ by abortive tubes decurr5t along _! surface4 ,! ,plaits3 ,v51 ,plic4--,! plaits ( ! ,*ant]elle are =m$ l ! gills & tubes ( ! mu%room & ,boletus1 i4 e4 by ! fibres ( ! fle% runn+ d[n f ! pileus1 & inve/$ 9 a r$uplication ( ! hym5ium2 ) ?is diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 t :ile 9 ! two latt] ! se$ membrane is divid$ into z _m portions z !re are gills or tubes1 9 ! =m] ! cont9uity ( its surface is p]fectly unbrok54 ,^! plaits 7plic7 are always late 9 appe>+1 & sometimes are only develop$ :5 ! fungus is ab\t to ca/ its se$4 ,! ,sp9es3 ,aculei1 etc4--,! "u surface ( ! pileus 9 ! g5us ,hydnum is %agg$ ) vegetable sp9es or tee? 7d5tes1 aculei7 ( unequal l5g?s1 g5]ally isolat$1 b sometimes connect$ at ! base1 & =m$ orig9ally out ( a cong]ies ( m9ute papill inve/$ by ! hym5ium1 :i* gradually elongate _! fibres & assume ?is =m4 ,light seems ess5tial to _! production1 = if a ,hydnum gr[ 9 ! d>k1 ! tee? %r9k up into long ?reads & are /]ile4 ,,me?odical ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,escul5t ,,funguses4 ,! prim>y division ( ,funguses into ,hym5omycetes & ,ga/]omycetes is f\nd$ ^u ! position ( _! se$1 :i* lies1 z we h se51 ext]nally 9 ! fir/1 & int]nally 9 ! memb]s ( ! second4 ,! funguses describ$ 9 ! pres5t "w belong *iefly to ! fir/ division1 ,hym5omycetes2 to ,tribe #a1 ,pileati2 & _m ( !m to ,g5us #a1 ,ag>icus4 ,?is g5us includes a great v>iety ( species1 & is di/+ui%$ f all o!r g5]a by hav+ a fle%y pileus furni%$ und]nea? ) gills1 :i* are plac$ at "r angles to ! /em4 ,"s species1 dur+ _! infancy1 are enclos$ ei!r 9 "o or m membranes4 ,,division ,i4 ,,hym5omycetes4 ,,tribe #a4 ,,pileati4 ,,g5us #a4 ,,ag>icus4 ,old words 9 ,natural ,hi/ory seldom become obsolete1 b !y *ange _! mean+s /rangely4 ,7 ,dioscorides & ,pl9y r$ivivi1 !y w\ld f9d no?+ b misnom]s6 ,! t]m ,ag>icus1 :i* anci5tly appli$ indiscrim9ately to all h>d coriace\s funguses gr[+ on trees 7:ile ! ^w ,fungus did imp]fect duty = ?is g5us71 0 next arbitr>ily made by ,l9nu to /& repres5tative = su* only z _h gills1 8fungi lamellati t]re/res et arborei40#aae ,p]soon1 aga91 "u ! "n ,amanita 7a ,gal5ic ^w1 b hi!rto unappropriat$71 made a new g5us ( su* ,ag>ics z 7 invag9at$1 i4 e4 %ut up dur+ ! e>li] p]iod ( _! developm5t 9 a volva2 ( su* z _h ve9s 9 place ( gills1 ,m]ulius2 & ( su* z _h ana/omos+ gills =m$ ano!r1 ,ddalea1 a ?ird division4 ,m rec5tly1 ,fries has greatly simplifi$ ! /udy ( ?is v l>ge & difficult g5us by elim9at+ all ( a coriace\s texture1 & 7hav+ re/or$ to x ! g5us ,amanita7 by !n divid+ ! :ole into sections2 enabl+ u to arrive at an accuracy 9 ! discrim9ation ( species :i* 0 :olly unatta9able be=e 8 "t4 ,8 fir/ gr& s]ies ( ,ag>ics compreh5ds ^? ( :ite spores 7,,leucospori#aaf71 & ( ?is 8 fir/ section is-- ,subg5us #a4 ,,amanita4#aag ,all ! ,ag>ics belong+ to ?is subg5us are1 dur+ ! immaturity ( ! fungus1 furni%$ ) a volva & a r+2 "s h a velum 9 addition1 & 9 ?is case1 ! surface ( ! pileus is cov]$ ) w>ts1 or v]ruc4 ,?is natural division 0 adopt$ long ago by ,mi*eli1 :o gave ! "n ,uovoli to ^? :i* _h only ! fir/ two1 & t ( ,tignosi to ^? t _h all ?ree4 ,altoge!r !y =m b a v small gr\p1 b "o v important to di/+ui% accurately1 z x includes1 besides "o or two v delicate species1 "s :i* are highly poison\s4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus at fir/ campanulate1 !n plane2 fle%y t[>ds ! c5tre1 att5uat$ at ! m>g92 gills v5tricose1 n>r[ beh9d1 free1 num]\s1 at l5g? d5ticulate1 ! imp]fect ones few1 ( a det]m9ate =m accord+ to ! k9d1 &1 ) "o exception 7t ( ,ag4 ,cs>eus71 :ite4 ,/alk g5]ally enl>g$ at ! base1 frequ5tly bulb\s1 solid1 or /uff$ ) a cotton-l sub/ance1 :i* is at l5g? absorb$2 r+ desc5d+1 imp]fect1 fugaci\s2 fle% :ite1 un*ang+4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 vag9atus4 ,( ! ,tignosi1 t is1 ^? ) w>ts on _! surface1 "s h /riat$ m>g9s1 o!rs are )\t /ri4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 rubesc5s4 ,subg5us #b4 ,,lepiota4#aah ,bot4 ,*>4 ,volva fugaci\s1 veil s+le1 univ]sal1 closely adh]+ to & conflu5t ) ! epid]mis1 :5 bur/ =m+ a m or less p]si/5t r+ t[>ds ! middle ( ! /em2 /em holl[1 /uff$ m or less d5sely ) f9e ara*noid ?reads1 ?ick5$ at ! base1 fibrillose2 pileus fle%y1 n compact1 ovate :5 "y1 soon campanulate1 !n exp&$ & umbonate1 m or less %agg$ ) scales2 fle% :ite1 s(t1 sometimes *ang+ col\r2 gills free1 unequal1 :ite1 nev] decurr5t4 ,solit>y1 p]si/5t1 autumnal funguses1 gr[+ on ! gr\nd4 ,n dang]\s4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 proc]us1 ,ag4 excoriatus4 ,subg5us #c4 ,,armill>ia4#aai ,bot4 ,*>4 ,veil s+le1 p>tial1 =m+ a p]si/5t r+1 :i* 9 ! unexp&$ plant is jo9$ to ! m>g9 ( ! pileus2#abj /em solid1 firm1 subfibrillose1 unequal2 pileus fle%y1 convex1 exp&$1 obtuse2 epid]mis entire1 ev5 9 ! scaly species1 & n cont9u\s ) ! fibres ( ! r+2 fle% :ite & firm2 gills broad1 unequal1 some:at acute beh9d4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 melleus 7874 ,subg5us #d4 ,,limacium4#aba ,escul5t species3 none4 ,subg5us #e4 ,,tri*oloma4#abb ,bot4 ,*>4 ,veil fibr\s or floccose1 fugaci\s2 /alk g5]ally solid1 firm1 fle%y1 att5uat$ upw>ds1 scaly1 fibrillose or /riate2 pileus fle%y1 compact1 campanulate or depress$1 convex2 m>g9 att5uat$1 at fir/ involute1 %agg$ ) woolly fibres or lanugo2 gills unequal1 obtuse beh9d1 em>g9ate2 fle% :ite & un*angeable4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 prunulus & ,ag4 p]sonatus4#abc ,subg5us #f4 ,,russula#abd 7,scop474 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,no veil2 /em smoo?1 equal1 glabr\s1 /rong1 :ite1 spongy )92 pileus at fir/ campanulate1 !n hemisph]ical1 9 age depress$1 fle%y 9 ! c5tre1 ?9 at ! m>g91 :i* is nev] reflex$ at any p]iod ( gr[?1 ! epid]mis b>e1 smoo?1 occasionally /icky 9 wet wea!r2 gills juiceless1 mo/ly equal1 occasionally =k$1 ! %ort ones few1 rigid1 brittle1 broad 9 front1 beh9d n>r[1 acute1 prop]ly free b app>5tly adnato-decurr5t1 f ! effusion ( ! /em into ! pileus2 fle% firm1 dry1 :ite1 mod]ately compact1 brittle2 sporules :ite or o*race\s2 gills :ite or yell[4 ,l>ge or middle size1 p]si/5t1 solit>y funguses1 gr[+ on ! gr\nd4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 het]ophyllus1 viresc5s1 & rub]4 ,acrid species3 ,ag4 emeticus1 sangu9eus1 & alutaceus4 ,subg5us #g4 ,,galorrheus4#abe ,bot4 ,*>4 ,no veil2 /alk equal1 r\nd1 solid1 effus$ into ! pileus2 pileus fle%y1 compact1 g5]ally umbilicate1 m>g9 ev51 :5 "y involute2 gills unequal1 sometimes v ?ick1 (t5 =k$1 n>r[1 att5uat$ beh9d1 brittle1 connect$ by a prolong$ too? to ! /alk1 d[n :i* !y are slightly decurr5t2 fle% firm & juicy1 di/ill+ milk4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 deliciosus & pip]atus4 ,subg5us #h4 ,,clytocybe4#abf ,bot4 ,*>4 ,veil none2 pileus at fir/ convex1 at l5g? infundibuli=m2 gills unequal4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( ?is subg5us are r negative ?an positive2 _m ( ! conta9$ species v>y consid]ably among/ !mselves1 b ! subdivisions f\nd$ on su* v>iations are all well m>k$4 ,subdivision ,dasyphylli4#abg ,gills 9 close juxtaposition1 decurr5t or acutely adnate4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 nebul>is4 ,subdivision ,cam>ophylli4#abh ,pileus subcompact1 dry2 gills v di/ant1 vault$1 decurr5t4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 virg9eus4 ,subdivision ,*ondropodes4#abi ,pileus t\gh1 dry1 gills ne>ly free1 close1 :ite1 ext]nal coat ( /em subc>tilag9\s4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 fusipes4 ,subdivision ,scortei4 ,pileus subcoriace\s2 gills free1 subdi/ant4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 oreades4 ,subg5us #i4 ,,collybia4#acj ,escul5t species3 none4 ,subg5us #aj4 ,,myc5a4#aca ,escul5t species3 none4 ,subg5us #aa4 ,,omphalia4#acb ,escul5t species3 none4 ,subg5us #ab4 ,,pleuropus4#acc ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus unequal1 ecc5tric or lat]al2 /em1 :5 pres5t1 solid & firm2 gills unequal1 juiceless1 un*angeable1 acute beh9d1 gr[+ on trees or wood2 = ! mo/ "p innocu\s1 b two only g5]ally eat54 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 o/reatus1 9 ! subdivision ,con*>ia2 & ,ag4 ulm>ius1 9 ! subdivision g]it>ia4 ,s]ies #b4 ,,hyporhodeus4#acd ,sporules pale rose-col\r4 ,subg5us #ac4 ,,clitopilus4#ace ,bot4 ,*>4 ,veil none2 /em tol]ably firm1 subequal1 di/9ct f ! pileus2 pileus fle%y1 campanulate or convex1 at l5g? some:at plane1 dry1 regul>2 gills unequal1 *ang+ col\r z ! fungus matures its se$1 fix$1 or free4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 orcella4 ,subg5us #ad4 ,,leptonia4#acf ,escul5t species3 none4 ,subg5us #ae4 ,,nolanea4#acg ,escul5t species3 none4 ,subg5us #af4 ,,eccilia4#ach ,escul5t species3 none4 ,s]ies #c4 ,,cort9>ia4#aci ,sporules r$di%-o*re2 veil ara*noid4 ,subg5us #ag4 ,,telamonia4#adj ,escul5t species3 none4 ,subg5us #ah4 ,,inoloma4#ada ,bot4 ,*>4 ,veil fugaci\s1 m>g9al1 consi/+ ( free ara*noid ?reads2 /em solid1 bulb\s1 fibrillose1 m or less diffus$ into ! pileus1 fle%y2 pileus fle%y1 convex :5 "y1 !n exp&$1 fibrillose1 or viscid1 regul>1 juicy2 gills em>g9ato-adnex$1 broad1 *ang+ col\r2 col\r ( ! gills or pileus violet4 ,l>ge autumnal funguses gr[+ on ! gr\nd4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 violaceus4 ,subg5us #ai4 ,,d]mocybe4#adb ,bot4 ,*>4 ,veil dry1 ara*noid1 v fugaci\s2 /em n truly bulb\s1 fibrillose1 /uff$ :5 "y2 pileus clo!d ) fibrill1 r>ely ) glut52 gills r unequal1 broad1 close4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 ca/aneus4 ,s]ies #d4 ,,d]m9us4 ,9 ! n9e subg5]a foll[+1 f #bj to #bh1 viz4 ,pholiota1 ,myxacium1 ,hebeloma1 ,flammula1 ,inocybe1 ,naucoria1 ,gal]a1 ,tap9ia1 & ,crepidotus1 !re are no escul5t species4 ,s]ies #e4 ,,pratella4#adc ,bot4 ,*>4 ,veil n ara*noid2 gills *ang+ col\r1 cl\d$1 at l5g? dissolv+2 sporidia br[n-purple4 ,subg5us #bi4 ,,volv>ia4 ,escul5t species3 none4 ,subg5us #cj4 ,,psaliota4#add ,bot4 ,*>4 ,veil =m+ a p>tial r+-l inve/m5t1 m or less p]si/5t2 /alk robu/1 subequal1 di/9ct f ! pileus2 pileus fle%y1 m or less campanulate :5 "y1 almo/ flat :5 fully exp&$2 sometimes /icky1 sometimes scaly or else fibrillose1 sometimes nak$2 gills unequal1 free1 or connect$ ) ! /alk1 broad & deep5+ 9 col\r4 ,9 addition to ! r+1 "s h a v fugaci\s volva or velum1 "s bo? "o & ! o!r4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 campe/ris & ,georgii4 ,9 ! f\r next subg5]a1 f #ca to #cd1 ,hypholoma1 ,psilocybe1 ,psa?yra1 & ,copr9>ius1 !re are no escul5t species4 ,subg5us #ce4 ,,copr9us4#ade ,bot4 ,*>4 ,gills free1 unequal1 ?91 simple1 *ang+ col\r1 at l5g? deliquesc5t4 ,veil univ]sal1 floccose1 fugaci\s2 /em fi/ulose1 /raight1 elongat$1 brittle1 subsquamulose1 :iti%2 pileus membranace\s1 r>ely subc>nose1 :5 "y ovato-conic1 !n campanulate1 at l5g? torn & revolute1 deliquesc5t1 di/9ct f ! /em1 clo!d ) ! flocculose fragm5ts ( ! veil4 ,fugaci\s funguses1 gr[+ 9 ri* dungy places or on rott5 wood4 ,escul5t species3 ,ag4 comatus & atram5t>ius4 ,subg5us #cf4 ,,gomphus4 ,no escul5t species4 ,,g5us #b4 ,,can?>ellus4#adf ,bot4 ,*>4 ,^! are di/+ui%$ f ,ag>ics1 :i* at fir/ sight !y resemble1 by hav+ ve9s 9 place ( gills2 t is1 by hav+ ! prolongations ( ! fibres ( ! pileus inve/$ 9 an undivid$1 9 place ( a divid$ hym5ium1 z occurs 9 ,ag>ics & 9 ! g5us ,boletus4 ,^! ve9s are prom95t1 ramify+1 seldom ana/omos+2 c5tral1 ecc5tric1 or want+2 no inve/m5ts2 du/ :ite4 ,escul5t species3 ,c4 cib>ius4 ,9 ! next ?ree g5]a1 ,m]ulius1 ,s*izophyllum1 & ,ddalea1 !re are no escul5t species4 ,,g5us #f4 ,,polyporus4#adg ,bot4 ,*>4 ,hym5ium concrete ) ! sub/ance ( ! pileus1 consi/+ ( subrotund pores ) ?9 simple dissepim5ts4 ,escul5t species3 ,p4 frondosus4 ,,g5us #g4 ,,boletus4#adh ,bot4 ,*>4 ,! ^w ,boletus1 :i* has at diff]5t times1 & "u diff]5t mycologi/s1 be5 made to repres5t 9 turn _m v diff]5t funguses1 is n[ re/rict$ to su* z h a s(t fle%1 v]tical tubes und]nea?1 r\nd or angul>1 slightly connect$ toge!r & ) ! sub/ance ( ! pileus1 op5 bel[1 & l9$ by ! sporif]\s membrane2 ! cap horizontal1 v fle%y1 ! /alk g5]ally reticulat$1 "s h an inve/m5t2 ! fle% ( _m *anges col\r4 ,!y are all innocu\s1 accord+ to ,vittad9i1 :i* is n /rictly ! case1 ?\gh _m species hi!rto reput$ un:olesome1 or worse1 appe> to lose _! bad prop]ties by dry+4 ,! k9ds g5]ally eat5 are ,b4 edulis & scab]4 ,,g5us #h4 ,,fi/ul9a4#adi ,bot4 ,*>4 ,hym5ium =m$ ( a di/9ct sub/ance1 b concrete ) ! fibres ( ! pileus2 tubes at fir/ w>t-l1 some:at remote1 radiato-fimbriate1 clos$2 at l5g? approximat$1 elongat$1 op54 ,escul5t species3 ,f4 hepatica4 ,,g5us #i4 ,,hydnum4#aej ,bot4 ,*>4 ,9 ?is g5us ! "u surface pres5ts a s]ies ( conical tee? or bri/les ( unequal l5g?1 solid1 cont9u\s ) ! fle% ( ! pileus & cov]$ entirely by ! sporif]\s membrane4 ,! species compos+ x h no inve/m5ts2 ! fle% is dry1 frequ5tly corky or coriace\s2 ! pileus irregul> 9 %ape1 & its m>g9 ar*$ & undulat$4 ,!re are no dang]\s species1 b :i* to eat mu/ dep5d ^u ! unit$ cons5t ( ! /oma* & ( ! tee?4 ,escul5t species3 ,h4 rep&um4 ,9 ! la/ five g5]a ( ?is tribe1 namely1 ,si/otrema1 ,irpex1 ,radulum1 ,phlebia1 & ,!lephora1 !re are no escul5t species4 ,,tribe #b4 ,,clavati4#aea ,hym5ium above1 smoo?2 receptacle club-%ap$ or cyl9drical1 ) no di/9ct m>g92 sub/ance fle%y4 ,,g5us #ae4 ,,clav>ia4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,receptacle erect1 homog5e\s1 smoo?1 n di/+ui%able f ! /alk1 simple or entirely cov]$ by ! hym5ium4 ,all ! species 9 ?is g5us are good to eat4 ,9 ! rema9+ six g5]a ( ?is tribe !re are no escul5t species4 ,,tribe #c4 ,,mitrati4 ,receptacle bullate1 pilei=m1 m>g9$2 hym5ium sup]ior1 nev] clos$4 ,,g5us #bb4 ,,mor*ella4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,receptacle holl[ & conflu5t ) /alk1 club-%ap$1 or1 l ! pileus1 fissur$ above ) lacun m or less deep1 limit$ by ?ick folds1 ana/omos$ ) reticulations1 entirely cov]$ ) sporif]\s membrane2 fle% waxy 9 texture2 /alk con/ant4 ,!re are two escul5t k9ds1 ,m4 escul5ta & semilib]a2 ! escul5ta & hybrida ( ,s[]by4 ,,g5us #bc4 ,,helvella4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,sub/ance fle%y2 m>g9s s9u\s2 only ! upp] portion ( ! pileus sporif]\s4 ,escul5t species3 ,h4 crispa1 lacunosa1 & escul5ta4 ,9 ,g5]a #bd to #bf !re are no escul5t species4 ,,tribe #d4 ,,cupulati4 ,hym5ium concrete1 sup]ior1 smoo?1 %ut 9 :ile "y by ! m>g9s ( ! receptacle2 sporules dissem9at$ ) ela/icity or o!rwise2 receptacle b[l-%ap$1 flat or concave2 "s ( ?is tribe :5 "y h an involucrum4 ,,g5us #bg4 ,,peziza4 ,s]ies ,,aleuria4 ,subg5us ,,megalopyxis4 ,escul5t species3 ,p4 acetabulum4 ,9 ,g5]a #bh to #de1 :i* conclude ! fir/ great division1 ,hym5omycetes1 !re are no escul5t species4 ,,division ,,ii4 ,,ga/]omycetes4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,! receptacle a close cavity ) or )\t a hym5ium2 spores at la/ free & v>i\sly dissem9at$4 ,9 ,g5]a #df to #gc !re are no escul5t species4 ,,g5us #gd4 ,,bovi/a4#aeb ,bot4 ,*>4 ,p]idium papyrace\s1 furni%$ ) a di/9ct back1 :i* at l5g? peels (f altoge!r1 f]tile )92 capillitium equal4 ,escul5t species3 ,b4 plumbea4 ,,g5us #ge4 ,,lycop]don4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,a sessile p]idium1 membranace\s2 at fir/ fill$ ) a :ite1 consi/5t1 homog5e\s sub/ance1 :i* aft] a "t is conv]t$ into a du/ ( v>i\s hues1 & is int]sp]s$ ) copi\s filam5ts4 ,! funguses ( ?is g5us are inve/$ 9 two membranes2 ! inn]mo/ ( :i*1 or p]idium1 is t\gh & smoo? on ! outside1 %aggy ) floccose ?reads )94 ,! ext]nal membrane1 :i* is v fragile & t5d]1 frequ5tly falls (f dur+ ! maturation ( ! se$1 :i* !n escapes ?r\gh ! p]idium by an irregul> orifice at ! apex4 ,escul5t species3 ,l4 plumbeum & ,bovi/a4 ,,description ,,( ,,species4 ,,ag>icus ,,prunulus1 ,vitt4 ,,plate ,i4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,subg5us ,,tri*oloma1 ,fries4 ,subdivision ,,p]sonata1 ibid4 ,,ag>icus ,,m\c]on1 ,bulli>d4 ,csalp9us1 p4 #fag4 ,,m\c]on ,,gris1 ,paulet1 ,p]soon4 8,cogitatione ante pascuntur succ9eis novaculis aut arg5teo app>atu comitante40--,pl9y4 8,t\t ce qui fait l'ornem5t des fe/9s s'embaume du p>fum de ces cryptogames40--,p]soon4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,greg>i\s1 or gr[+ 9 r+s#aec on ! gr\nd2 pileus ?ick1 convex1 irregul> 9 %ape1 m or less tub]culat$1 sometimes lob$2#aed m>g9 n /riate1 wavy1 exp&+ unequally2 epid]mis cream-col\r$1 grey1 r$di%1 or ( a dirty nanke5 hue1 pal] t[>ds ! circumf]5ce1 s(t to ! t\* l kid1 m9utely tom5tose1 fragile1 dry1 firmly atta*$ to ! fle%2 fle% firm1 compact2 gills wat]y1 :ite1 v num]\s1 irregul>1 ) _m small] ones 7f #e-aa1 ,vitt47 int]pos$1 ly+ ov] ea* o!r l ! plaits ( a frill1 adnato-em>g9ate1#aee ! imp]fect gills r\nd$ (f at _! po/]ior end4 ,/em :ite1 robu/1 firm1 solid1 some:at irregul> 9 =m1 g5]ally ?ick5$ at ! base1 con/antly s 9 "y specim5s1 b 9 old] ones1 ?\gh occasionally bulg+1 x pres5ts n unfrequ5tly an equal cyl9d] ?r\gh\t1 & sometimes tap]s slightly d[nw>ds4 ,! fibres are effus$ into ! pileus1 spread+ out l a fan ?r\gh its sub/ance2 smell /rong1 ta/e agreeable2 spores :ite1 elliptical1 adh]+ firmly to ! body on :i* !y fall4 ,! dri$ plant reta9s mu* ! same =m x _h :5 fre%4 ,on trac+ ?is fungus to its orig91 7spr+ is ! only "t1 & ! bord]s ( ! woodl&s ! prop] place1 to look = x17 if we dig up ! e>? :]e x gr[s1 ?is w be f\nd m\ldy to a consid]able dep? b5ea? ! surface1 & /rongly impregnat$ ) ! peculi> od\r :i* ! ,prunulus exhales2 ?is app>5t m\ld9ess be+1 9 fact1 ! spawn1 amid/ ! :ite filam5ts ( :i* _m m9ute ,ag>ics1 9 v>i\s /ages ( _! developm5t1 may be f\nd2 "s1 9 ! e>lie/1 pres5t+ m]ely :ite cones de/itute ( heads1 :il/ 9 o!rs a slight protub]ance indicates ! future pileus =m+ or already =m$4 ,! pileus is at fir/ almo/ sph]ical1 & involute 9 its bord]s1 ! gills :iti%1 v m9ute1 & s ?ickly set z to press "o aga9/ ! o!r1 ea* communicat+ to ! membrane t l9es ! next ! impressions ( its own fibres1 :i* rema9 9 ! =m ( transv]se /ri1 & furni% a *>act]i/ic to ?is fungus reta9$ dur+ all its subsequ5t gr[? 7,vitt474 ,! greate/ size :i* ,i h kn[n ! ,prunulus atta9 has be5 9 ,engl&1 :]e ,i h pick$ specim5s measur+ six in*es across1 & weigh+ betwe5 f\r & five ounces2 z to ! fecundity ( ?is fungus1 ,i collect$ ?is spr+1 f a s+le r+ on ! ,w>-,m\nt at ,ke/on 7,k5t71 f t5 to twelve p\nds1 & 9 ! "o field f tw5ty to tw5ty-five p\nds4 ,9 ?is neighb\rhood !y are g5]ally de/roy$1 z injuri\s to 8 grass-crops1 by ! ov]-c>eful f>m]1 q ignorant1 ( c\rse1 ( _! value2 to :i* ! foll[+ extract f a lett] ( ,pr(essor ,balbi to ,p]soon be>s te/imony3--8,?is r>e & mo/ delici\s ,ag>ic1 ! ,m\c]on ( ,bulli>d1 & ! ,ag4 prunulus ( o!r au?ors1 ab\nds on ! hills above ! valley ( ,/a=a1 ne> ,bobbio1 :]e x is call$ ,sp9>oli1 & is 9 great reque/2 ! c\ntry p eat x fre% 9 a v>iety ( ways1 or !y dry & sell x = f twelve to sixte5 francs a p\nd40 ,vittad9i says1 truly en\gh1 t ! fre% is bett] ?an ! dri$ ,prunulus1 ! sub/ance ( ! latt] be+ r coriace\s1 b ! gravy prep>$ f x 9 ?is /ate1 be+ v ri* & well-flav\r$1 is l>gely us$ by ^? :o reject ! body ( ! mu%room2 ?ree or f\r ?r[n into a pot ( ! light] bro?s or ( beef-tea r5d] !m m sav\ry4 ,to dry ! ,prunulus x is usual to cut x into f\r or m pieces1 :i* are expos$ = "s days to a dry air & !n ?read$3 x acquires an aroma by ! process1 & communicates ?is to any di% ( :i* x is aft]w>ds an +r$i5t4 ,x w\ld be extremely difficult to conf\nd ?is ,ag>ic ) any o!r2 its mode ( gr[? 9 circles1 ! extreme n>r[ness ( its gills1 :i* are moreov] /riate1 ! ?ickness ( its pileus1 & ! bulg+ "* ( its /alk1 w\ld r5d] a mi/ake almo/ impossible1 ev5 did x gr[ 9 autumn :5 o!r funguses ab\nd1 9 place ( appe>+ only 9 spr+ :5 few species comp>atively ab\nd4 ,! be/ mode ( cook+ ! ,ag4 prunulus is ei!r 9 a m9ce or fricassee x ) any sort ( meat1 or 9 a vol-au-v5t1 ! flav\r ( :i* x greatly improves2 or simply prep>$ ) salt1 pepp]1 & a small piece ( bacon1 l>d1 or butt]1 to prev5t burn+1 x con/itutes ( itself a mo/ excell5t di%4 ,x has ! great advantage ( appe>+ 9 spr+1 at a season ! common mu%room nev] occurs4 ,i h plac$ x fir/ 9 ! s]ies ( ,plates1 z be+ ! mo/ sav\ry fungus ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4#aef ,:5 eat5 alone1 ,/]beck's :ite mu/>d w be f\nd an excell5t condim5t = x2 ?is is prep>$ z foll[s3--,bruise 9 a mort> "s sweet almonds ) a little wat]1 !n add salt1 pepp]1 & "s lemon-juice1 rub toge!r till ! :ole is ( ! consi/5ce ( common mu/>d4 ,,ag>icus ,,proc]us1 ,scop4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,subg5us ,,lepiota1 ,fries4 8,elle e/ d'une saveur trs-agrable et d'une *air t5dre1 trs-dlicate et trs-bonne mang]4 ,les amateurs la prfr5t mme au *ampignon de c\*e1 comme ayant une *air plus f9e et tant beauc\p plus lgre sur l'e/omac40--,paulet4 ,?is1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ delicate funguses1 =tunately is n r>e 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ,italy x is 9 equal reque/ ) ! ,amanita ,cs>ea2 9 ,france x is also 9 high e/eem1--8s]vie sur t\tes les tables1 elle e/ bonne t\te sauce0 7,?ore72 & 7 its excell5t qualities bett] kn[n "h1 !y c\ld n fail to secure x a g5]al reception into our be/ kit*5s1 & a frequ5t place among our side-di%es at table4 ,! beauty & rem>kable appe>ance ( ?is ,ag>ic h procur$ = x a v>iety ( names3 colubr9us1 f ! snake-l m>k+s on ! /em2 clypeatus1 f its umbonat$ top2 #8fungo p>asole1' f ! orbicul> =m ( ! wide-spread pileus2 & ,gambaltiem or ,fonz de la gamba lunga1 f ! extraord9>y height ( ! /alk4 ,autumn is ! "t ( its greate/ abundance1 b individual specim5s occur occasionally ?r\gh\t ! summ]4 ,x gr[s solit>y or few toge!r 9 h$gebanks & pa/ure-gr\nds4 ,! pileus1 :i* is commonly f f\r to f\r & a half in*es across1 sometimes atta9s a wid? ( six or sev54 ,at fir/ x is conceal$ 9 a volva1 b break+ f ?is x goes ?r\gh a v>iety ( =ms1 f t ( an ovoid cone to t ( a flatt5$ disk4 ,x is umbonat$ at ! c5tre1 & cov]$ ) scales1 :i* are =m$ by ! break+ up ( ! mud-col\r$ epid]mis1 & are l>ge1 rais$1 & p]si/5t at ! c5tre2 ?91 regul>1 & light] 9 hue at ! circumf]5ce1 8! :ole surface resembl+ a delightfully s(t1 %aggy-br[n lea!r0 7,purton74 ,! fle% ( ! pileus is :ite & cottony1 t ( ! /alk fibr\s & some:at brittle1 ) a subrubesc5t t+e1 ! :ole plant turn+ to a ruf\s-orange :5 bruis$2 ! gills are ( a pale fle%-col\r1 occasionally =k$1 v5tricose1 d5ticulate1 remote f ! /alk1 & hav+ a circul> pit betwe5 x & _! c5tral extremities1 :i* are fix$ into a k9d ( coll>4 ,! /alk tawny1 /rip$ circul>ly ) b&s ( :ite1 =m$ by ! break+ up ( ! epid]mis2 is bulb\s at ! base & att5uat$ upw>ds2 its apex r\nd$1 & p5etrat+ deeply ?r\gh ! fle% ( ! pileus 7:i* receives x z 9 a socket71 gives rise to ! c5tral umbo on ! upp] surface ( ! cap4 ,! r+ moveable1 l t ( an umbrella-/ick1 broad1 compact1 membranace\s imm$iately r\nd ! /alk1 & fibr\s t[>ds its free m>g91 is :ite above & tawny or ( ! same col\r z ! /alk on its "u surface4 ,! smell is l t ( newly-gr\nd meal2 ! ta/e is pleasant2 ! spores are :ite & elliptic4 ,! ,ag4 excoriatus resembles ! ,ag4 proc]us v closely1 b is easily di/+ui%$ f x by its small] size1 ! abs5ce ( ! bulb at ! base ( ! /alk1 & ! r+ be+ (t5 atta*$ in/ead ( free4 ,be+ equally escul5t1 ! foll[+ receipts w s]ve = bo?3-- 8,comme il e/ trs-lg] et trs-dlicat1 il faut le faire saut] dans l'huile f9e aprs l'avoir assaisonn d'un po9t d'ail1 de poivro et de sel2 en quelques in/ants il e/ cuit4 ,on le mange aussi en fricasse de p\let1 cuit sur le gril ou dans la t\rtire avec de beurre1 de f9es h]bes1 du poivre1 du sel1 et de la *apelure de pa92 on ne mange po9t la tige1 elle e/ d'une texture coriace0 7,roques74 ,! ket*up f bo? k9ds is bett] ?an t procur$ f ! ,ag>icus campe/ris1 or common mu%room4 ,n4,b4--,i h 9 ! above notice describ$ "o v>iety ( ,ag>icus proc]us2 !re is1 h[ev]1 if n ano!r1 at lea/ a rem>kable modification ( ?is1 9 :i* ! pileus is ?9n] & mu* less %aggy1 ! gills less broad b simil> 9 %ape1 ! /alk m sl5d] & elongate4 ,?is v>iety is also ne>ly void ( od\r1 & its fle% does n *ange col\r on be+ bruis$3 = cul9>y purposes ?is di/9ction is )\t importance1 z bo? are equally good4 ,,boletus ,,edulis1 ,bulli>d4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,figs4 #a ,,& #b4 ,section ,,cort9>ia1 ,fries4 8,atto sovra ognun altro fungo al comm]cio1 =ma da que/o lato1 p] non po*i paesi della ,lomb>dia1 una delle pr9cipali risorsi della pov]a g5te40--,vitt4 ,! anci5t ,romans 7 well acqua9t$ ) ?is truly delici\s fungus1 & 9 g5]al appe> to h done x ju/ice2 ! /r+s ( dri$ ,suillus1 :i* 8 c\ntrym51 on ! te/imony ( ,pl9y1 7 9 ! habit ( fet*+ f ,bi?ynia1 7 9 all likelihood ! same z ^? simil>ly-prep>$ /r+s ( ! mod]n ,porc9o :i* are sold dur+ ! w9t] 9 e m>ket-place ?r\gh\t ,italy4#aeg ,vittad9i m5tions a curi\s fact respect+ !m1 viz4 t ?\gh !y are compos$ ( _m diff]5t ,boletuses1 no mis*ief 0 ev] kn[n to orig9ate f _! indiscrim9ate & v ext5sive consumption2 :5ce he concludes t all ! species ( ?is g5us are innocu\s1 or1 at lea/1 t dry+ & cook+ w extract any delet]i\s pr9ciples :i* !y may h orig9ally conta9$2--an inf]5ce1 he ?9ks1 support$ by ! daily use among ! peasantry ( c]ta9 di/ricts ( ! ,b4 luridus1 :i* ( all bad ,boletuses commonly passes = ! wor/1 & by 8 hav+ exp]im5t$ ) x 9 l>ge doses ^u animals1 :o did n suff] 9 consequ5ce4 ,i h eat5 9 ,engl& a small quantity bo? ( ,b4 ,grevillei & ( ,b4 granulatus1 :i* h mu* ( ! flav\r ( ! ,b4 edulis2 ( ! ,b4 subtom5tosus7?\gh1 on ! au?ority ( ,tratt9ick1 x is eat5 9 ,g]many7 ,i h no p]sonal exp]i5ce1 nor d ,i recomm5d to ! amateur any species beyond ! two univ]sally eat5 & approv$ ( on ! ,cont95t1 viz43--,b4 edulis & ,b4 scab]4 ,b4 edulis4--,,bot4 ,,*>4 ,pileus f six to sev5 in*es across1 pulv9ate1 smoo?1 ) a ?ick m>g91 v>y+ 9 col\r f light br[n or bronze1 to bay1 d>k br[n1 or black1 or a mixture ( all ^! col\rs4 ,! epid]mis firmly adh]5t to ! fle%1 t firm1 & except ! "p 9 imm$iate contact ) ! sk91 :i* has a slight br[n t9t1 :ite2 ! "u surface ( ! cap ne>ly flat1 (t5 pres5t+ a circul> pit or depression r\nd ! /alk2 tubes at fir/ :ite1 !n yell[1 la/ly ( an olive or yell[-gre5 t9t1 9 ! e>li] /age ( developm5t 7_! free extremities !n lie aga9/ ! side ( ! /alk7 clos$2 aft]w>ds1 z ! cap exp&s1 /opp$ up ) a waxy-look+ mat]ial ( a dirty pe>l col\r4 ,/em v>y+ mu* 9 %ape at diff]5t p]iods ( ! gr[? ( ! ,boletus1 always ?ick & solid2 at fir/ :ite1 b soon *ang+ to fawn col\r1 beautifully me%$ or mapp$ 7especially on its upp] portion7 ) reticulations *>act]i/ic ( ?is species4 ,z ! p]iod = ca/+ its se$ advances1 ! inf]ior surface ( ! cap swells out1 ! waxy matt] is absorb$1 ! tubes pres5t deep & r\nd$ orifices to ! eye1 & pres5tly emit an abundant sem9al du/1 ( an o*race\s gre5 hue 7sometimes difficult to collect1 f ! quantity ( moi/ure exhal$ ) x71 aft] :i* bo? cap & /alk become flaccid1 ! tubes turn to a dirty gre51 & ! :ole fungus falls rapidly into a /ate ( decomposition4 ,! fav\rite sites = ?is ,boletus are woods1 especially ^? ( p9es1 oaks1 & *e/nuts2 x ab\nds 9 autumn1 b occurs 9 spr+ & occasionally 9 summ]4 ,!re is "o v>iety1 ! p9icola1 ^: "n gives its :]eab\ts1 :i* diff]s f ! =ego+1 9 hav+ a moi/1 some:at /icky cap1 a wat]y fle% *ang+ ne> ! tubes to a light yell[-gre5 :5 bruis$2 ! reticulations are ill-m>k$ 9 ?is species4 ,! ,boletus edulis _c be mi/ak5 = any o!r ,boletus because x alone pres5ts all ! foll[+ *>act]s unit$1 viz4 a cap ( :i* ! surface is smoo?2 tubes ! col\r ( :i* v>ies ) ea* p]iod ( its gr[?1 beautiful & s+ul> reticulations ( ! /alk1 especially t[>ds ! upp] portion1 & a fle% :i* is :ite & un*ang+4 ,! ,boletus ca/aneus1 :i* be>s1 "s little g5]al resemblance to x1 is at once di/+ui%$ by hav+ a cottony fibrillose /em )\t reticulations1 a d[ny cap & dirty yell[ du/3 nei!r c x be conf\nd$ ) ! ,b4 subtom5tosus nor ,b4 luridus1 because 9 addition to _m o!r po9ts ( diff]5ce1 bo? ^! *ange col\r on be+ cut or bruis$4 ,z to ! be/ mann] ( cook+ ,b4 edulis1 ?is mu/ be left to ! ta/e ( ! g\rmet2 9 e way x is good4 ,its t5d] & juicy fle%1 its delicate & sapid flav\r1 r5d] x equally acceptable to ! pla9 & to ! accompli%$ cook4 ,x imp>ts a reli% alike to ! homely ha% & ! da9ty rag\t1 & may be truly said to improve e di% ( :i* x is a con/itu5t4 8,nihil tetigit quod non ornavit40 8,?\gh mu* neglect$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 x appe>s to be a mo/ valuable article ( food4 ,x resembles mu* 9 ta/e ! common mu%room1 & is q z delicate2 x ab\nds 9 seasons :5 ^! are n to be f\nd40 7,b]keley47 ,modes ( ,cook+ ,boletus edulis4 7,,p]soon47 ,x may be cook$ 9 :ite sauce1 ) or )\t *ick51 9 fricassee broil$ or bak$ ) butt]1 salad oil1 pepp]1 salt1 *opp$ h]bs1 & bread-crumbs2 to :i* "s add ham or a m9ce ( an*ovy4 ,x makes excell5t fritt]s3 "s roa/ x ) onions 7ba/+ ) butt]71 b z ^! take long] to cook ?an ! ,boletus1 ?is mu/ n be put d[n till ! onions h begun to s(t54 ,boletus edulis ,s\p1 made 9 ,hung>y4 7,,paulet47 ,hav+ dri$ "s ,boletuses 9 an ov51 soak !m 9 tepid wat]1 ?ick5+ ) toa/$ bread1 till ! :ole be ( ! consi/5ce ( a pure1 !n rub ?r\gh a sieve1 ?r[ 9 "s /ew$ ,boletuses1 boil toge!r1 & s]ve ) ! usual condim5ts4 ,,ag>icus ,,campe/ris4 ,section ,,pratella4 ,subdivision ,,psaliota1 ,fries4 ,,ag>icus ,,campe/ris1 ,l9n4 8,o crot ce *ampignon1 dlice des fe/9s1 ,que l'art fait *aque j\r natre dans nos j>d9s40--,ca/el4 ,!re is sc>cely any "o 9 ,engl& :o does n feel himself compet5t to decide on ! g5u95ess ( a mu%room3 its p9k gills are c>efully sep>at$ f ^? ( a k9dr$ fungus ,ag4 ,georgii1 :i* are ( a fle%-col\r$ grey1 & out ( ! pick+s ( t5 ?\s& h&s1 a mi/ake is ( r>e occurr5ce2 & yet no fungus pres5ts itself "u su* a v>iety ( =ms1 ( su* s+ul> div]sities ( aspect6 ! inf]5ce is pla92 less discrim9ation ?an t employ$ to di/+ui% ?is1 w\ld enable any :o %\ld take ! tr\ble1 to recognize at a glance _m ( ^? escul5t species1 :i* e spr+ & autumn fill our plantations & pa/ures ) pl5te\sness4 ,nei!r is ?is left to be a m]e matt] ( inf]5ce2 x is corroborat$ 9 a s+ul> mann] by :at takes place at ,rome2 "h1 :il/ _m hundr$ baskets ( :at we call toad/ools are c>ri$ home = ! table1 almo/ ! only "o condemn$ to be ?r[n into ! ,tib]1 by ! inspector ( ! fungus m>ket is our own mu%room3#aeh inde$1 9 su* dread is ?is held 9 ! ,papal ,/ates1 t no "o kn[+ly w\ld t\* x4 8,x is reckon$ "o ( _! fi]ce/ imprecations10 writes ,pr(essor ,sangu9etti1 8among/ our l[] ord]s1 infam\s = ! horrible nature ( _! oa?s1 to pray t any "o may die ( a ,pratiolo20 & al?\gh x has be5 "s ye>s regi/]$ among ! escul5t funguses ( ,milan & ,pavia 7on ! au?ority ( ,vittad9i71 x has n yet f\nd its way into ^? m>kets4 ,besides ! g5]al botanical *>act]s :i* apply to all v>ieties ( ,ag4 campe/ris1 almo/ e writ] has felt ! necessity ( po9t+ out sev]al peculi>ities1 belong+ to ea*4 ,common to all are a fle%y pileus1 :i* is sometimes smoo?1 sometimes scaly1 9 col\r :ite1 or ( diff]5t %ades ( tawny1 fulig9\s1 or br[n2 gills free1 at fir/ pallid1 !n fle%-col\r$1 !n p9k1 next purple1 at l5g? tawny-black2 ! /em :ite1 full1 firm1 v>y+ 9 %ape1 furni%$ ) a :ite p]si/5t r+2 ! spores br[n-black1 & a volva :i* is v fugaci\s4 ,v>4 ,a4 edulis4 ,?is1 :i* is our button mu%room1 lies at fir/ conceal$ 9 ! e>?1 at :i* p]iod x pres5ts ! appe>ance ( a puff-ball2 at a second /age ( its gr[?1 x exhibits a :ite1 smoo?1 & cont9u\s epid]mis2 gills r\nd$ (f at _! po/]ior end2 a l>ge1 some:at funnel-%ap$1 d\ble r+1 free1 & some:at moveable on ! /em1 :i* is %ort & ?ick4 ,?is1 accord+ to ,vittad9i1 is ! mo/ sapid v>iety ( any4 ,v>4 ,b4 prat5sis4 ,?is diff]s f ! la/ 9 ! duski] hue ( its pileus1 :i* is moreov] scaly1 & has ragg$ m>g9s2 ! gills are v5tricose2 & ! r+1 :i* is subfugaci\s1 is cort9>i\s1 i4 e4 ( a cobweb texture1 & reflex$2 ! /alk is long] ?an 9 ! la/ species1 & tap]s t[>ds ! base2 ! col\r ( ! fle% 9 ?is v>iety is v9\s or ev5 sangu9e4 ,v>4 ,c4 silvicola4 ,?is diff]s f ! two =m] 9 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s2 ! gills are pallid1 tap] equally at bo? ends1 & come (f at a consid]able di/ance f ! /alk1 :i* is surr\nd$ above by a v delicate r+1 & is bulb\s at ! base1 ! bulb %[+ traces ( ! volva4#aei ,v>4 ,d4 anceps4 ,su* uncultivat$ mu%rooms z :5 eat5 ev5 9 small quantity1 produce viol5t d]angem5t ( ! /oma* & inte/9al canal1 belong to a v>iety :i*1 s9ce x gr[s "u h$ges1 is sometimes call$ 8! h$ge mu%room20 ?is1 to :i*1 = di/9ction's sake1 ,i h giv5 ! "n ( anceps1 is by no means ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,9 ord] to discrim9ate x prop]ly f ! :olesome v>ieties1 ! fir/ po9t to notice is its extreme lightness z comp>$ ) its bulk1 t ! gills are ( a deep] & ( a m lurid r$ ?an ^? ( v>4 edulis1 & 9 age less purple2 !y are also less deliquesc5t4 ,! fle% is m t\gh & n s juicy4 ,! /em1 z 9 ! v>4 silvicola1 is curv$ & bulb\s1 b also fi/ulose ?r\gh\t4 ,! r+ complete1 firm1 broad1 reflex$1 & p]si/5t2 ! od\r disagreeable1 & ! ta/e insipid4 ,! =m ( ! pileus t ( an obtuse cone 9 "y specim5s2 extremely flat 9 ! middle /ate2 & m or less concave 9 age4 ,x seldom gr[s solit>y4 ,! mu%room prop]1 l o!r funguses1 %\ld be eat5 fre%2 a few h\rs mak+ all ! diff]5ce betwe5 its :olesom5ess or un:olesom5ess3 nor ne$ ?is surprise u :5 we consid] h[ _m pr9ciples ent] into its composition1 h[ %ort is ! p]iod ( its exi/5ce1 & h[ liable x mu/ be to ent] into new comb9ations 9 consequ5ce4 ,vauquel9 f\nd 9 its fle% fat1 adipoc]e1 osmazome1 an animal matt] insoluble 9 alcohol1 sug>1 fung9e1 & acetate ( pota%4 ,:at a m$ley6 & :at wond]1 if ! *anges induc$ dur+ decomposition %\ld cause ! indige/ions suff]$ by ^? :o h eat5 !m 9 ?is /ate6 ,! mu%room1 hav+ ! same proximate pr9ciples z meat1 requires1 l meat1 to be cook$ be=e ^! become *ang$4 ,! ,ag4 campe/ris may be prep>$ 9 a great v>iety ( ways3 !y give a f9e flav\r to s\ps1 & greatly improve beef-tea2--:]e arr[-root & weak bro?s are di/a/eful to ! pati5t1 ! simple season+ ( a little ket*up w frequ5tly =m an agreeable *ange4 ,"s roa/ !m1 ba/+ ) melt$ butt] & :ite 7,fr5*7 w9e sauce4#afj ,9 patties & vols-au-v5t !y are equally excell5t2 9 fricassees1 z ev]ybody kn[s1 !y are ! important elem5t ( ! di%4 ,roques recomm5ds 9 all cases ! removal ( ! gills be=e dress+1 :i* ?\gh x secures a m elegant-look+ entremet1 is only flatt]+ ! eye at ! exp5se ( ! palate4 ,v>4 ,e4 bov9us4 ,?is v>iety diff]s f ! ,ag4 ,georgii & ! type ( ! species 9 size & o!r p>ticul>s4 ,!re are specim5s :i* measure fifte5 in*es across ! pileus1 ) a /alk ( correspond+ dim5sions4 ,! pileus is %aggy1 l t ( ! ,ag4 proc]us1 ) epid]mic scales1 :i* are at fir/ ne>ly :ite1 b 9 fully develop$ specim5s1 ( a ri* tawny col\r1 l ! ,polyporus squamosus2 & sometimes ( a r$-br[n4 ,! scales m depress$ ?an 9 ,ag4 proc]us1 ! gills n v5tricose1 equal at bo? ends1 sep>at$ f ! /alk by a fossa or groove :i* runs r\nd its apex2 ! /alk solid1 att5uat$ at ! v base1 b ?ick5$ j above x1 a slightly v9\s hue :5 bruis$2 fle% ( r+ p]fect1 p]si/5t1 & hang+ r\nd ! /alk l a %eet ( ?9 :ite kid2 into :i* a numb] ( delicate silv] ?reads may be trac$ proce$+ f ! apex ( /em4 ,! smell is p[]ful b agreeable1 z also is ! flav\r2 no "p ( ! surface ev] turns yell[4 ,?is v>iety is bo? :olesome & well-flav\r$2 z x is commonly kn[n by ! peasants "u ! "n ( ! 8,ox-,mu%room10 ,i h call$ x bov9us4 ,receipt ,i4--8,a la ,prov5ale40 ,/eep = two h\rs 9 oil1 ) "s salt1 pepp]1 & a little g>lic3 !n toss up 9 a small /ewpan ov] a brisk fire1 ) p>sley *opp$ & a little lemon-juice4 ,receipt ,,ii4--,to /uff ,mu%rooms4 ,take l>ge mu%rooms1 full-gr[n1 b n black2 remove ! gills1 & place 9 lieu ( !m ! foll[+ /uff+3--bacon %r$d$1 crumbs ( bread1 *opp$ h]bs1 & a little g>lic or es*alots 7z = omelettes71 salt1 pepp]1 & a ta/e ( spice4 ,broil 9 pap] z a ,ma9t5on cutlet1 moi/5+ ) butt] :5 necess>y4 ,receipt ,,iii4--,mu%rooms 8 la ,m>quis ,cussi40 ,take button mu%rooms2 put to !m a v small quantity ( g>lic1 f9ely *opp$2 toss up ov] a brisk fire ) a little butt]2 add "s lemon-juice2 give !m a few turns2 !n add salt1 pepp]1 nutmeg1 & a w9e-glassful ( ! ri*e/ br[n gravy 7,gr&e ,espagnole72 :5 ! mu%rooms are w>m$ ?r\gh 9 ?is1 add a c\ple ( glasses ( ,saut]ne1 simm] = t5 m9utes1 & s]ve4 ,a homely mode ( cook+ ,ag4 campe/ris 9 ,bucks4 is to cut up ! buttons ) pieces ( bacon ! size ( dice1 & !n to boil !m 9 a dumpl+4 ,me?od ( ,cultivat+4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( cultivat+ mu%rooms is giv5 9 ,paxton's #8,botanical ,diction>y3'-- 8,collect a suffici5t quantity ( fre% horse-dropp+s1 z free f /raw z possible2 lay x 9 an op5 %$ 9 a heap or ridge2 "h x w heat viol5tly1 & 9 consequ5ce %\ld be n[ & !n turn$ = sweet5+2 aft] ?is has subsid$ to mod]ation1 x w be 9 a fit /ate = =m+ into a b$4 ,9 ! process ( mak+ ! b$1 ! dung %\ld be put on 9 small quantities & beat firmly & equally toge!r1 until x is ! requir$ size2 9 ?is /ate let x rema9 until ! highe/ degree ( heat to :i* x is capable ( com+ is asc]ta9$1 :i* may be readily done by ins]t+ a heat-/ick1 & press+ x ) ! h&2 if n f\nd viol5t1 ! spawn may be brok5 up into pieces ( two or ?ree in*es squ>e1 & put into holes ab\t ?ree in*es 9 dep? by six in*es asund]1 ov] its surface2 aft] ?is1 ?r[ a v small quantity ( well-brok5 dropp+s ov] ! :ole4 ,9 ?is /ate let x rema9 = two or ?ree weeks1 :5 a loamy soil may be put on ab\t an in* or an in* & a half ?ick1 & g5tly patt$ ) ! spade4 ,if ! temp]ature ( ! h\se be kept ab\t sixty or sixty-five degrees1 mu%rooms may be expect$ 9 six weeks4 ,x is n well to wat] ! b$s mu*1 p>ticul>ly :5 be>+2 x is mu* bett] to ?r[ a little wat] ov] ! pa? & flues1 :i* w bo? improve ! col\r & ! flav\r ( ! mu%rooms1 )\t be+ att5d$ ) ^? bad effects frequ5tly result+ f wat]+1 viz4 t ( de/roy+ ! "y /ock1 & turn+ br[n] ^? already fit = table40--,paxton's ,bot4 ,dict4 ,) reg>d to ! spawn1 x may be collect$ z recomm5d$ 9 ! ,fr5* "w cit$ by ,m4 ,roques1 & kept 9 a dry place till want$2 or by digg+ ab\t ! roots ( gr[+ mu%rooms1 & c>ry+ away ! e>? :i* conta9s x4 ,! dbris ( a =m] mu%room-b$ w always furni% spawn = a new4 ,,ag>icus ,,exquisitus1 nob4 ,,plate ,,iv41 ,,figs4 #c1 #d1 ,,& #e4 ,section ,,psaliota1 ,fries4 ,subdivision ,,pratella1 ibid4 ,,ag>icus ,,georgii1 ,)]+4 8,l',ag>ico esquisito un fungo sano1 oltremodo delicato e di facilissima dige/ione40--,vitt4 8,its flav\r is f> inf]ior to t ( ! common mu%room40--,b]keley4 ,?is fungus1 call$ also ! ,horse ,mu%room1 f ! enorm\s dim5sions#afa to :i* x sometimes atta9s1 is = ! mo/ "p %unn$ by ! ,engli% epicure2 x is also ?is species f :i* _m p]sons report !mselves to h suff]$ indige/ion att5d$ ) viol5t colicky pa9s1 :5 !y h eat5 x by mi/ake = ! ,ag4 campe/ris4 ,x is sold1 "u ! "n ( ,:ite ,caps1 = mak+ ket*up2 b1 not)/&+ its =eign "n & reputation1 mo/ p]sons w agree ) ,mr4 ,b]keley1 9 hold+ bo? its fle% & its juices z greatly inf]ior to ^? ( ! ,ag4 campe/ris4 ,our o!r "n = x1 t ( ,/4 ,george's ,ag>ic1 c h no ref]5ce to ! "t ( its appe>ance1 z x is seldom met ) 9 ,engl& till aft] t sa9t's day2 x has1 moreov]1 ! same "n 9 ,hung>y1 :]e ! inhabitants look ^u x z a special gift f ,sa9t ,george4 ,its botanical *>act]s are ! foll[+3-- ,pileus at fir/ conico-campanulate1 cov]$ ) floccose %r$s1 :i* are v fugaci\s2 :5 fully exp&$1 m9utely squamulose1 ( a beautiful :ite1 %9+ & smoo?2 turn+ yell[ :5 bruis$1 & sometimes exud+ a yell[ juice 7,sib?orpe74 ,gills num]\s1 broad1 att5uat$ bo? ways1 b mo/ s beh9d1 free1 ( a pallid hue 7grey fle%-col\r71 dur+ ! gr[? ( ! fungus2 lat]1 cl\d$ br[n-black2 ! imp]fect gills obtuse beh9d4 ,/em long1 subcyl9drical1 slightly ?ick5$ at ! base1 :ite )\t1 /uff$ )94 ,r+ tumid & reflect$ ov] ! /alk4 ,fle% ( bo? pileus & /alk compact1 fibr\s1 & fragile4 ,flav\r & smell /rong1 &1 accord+ to ,vittad9i1 agreeable1 b accord+ to ,engli% p]ception g5]ally ! rev]se4 ,p]soon pron\nces ?is fungus to be sup]ior to ! common mu%room 9 smell1 ta/e1 & dige/ibility1 on :i* acc\nts1 he says1 x is g5]ally pref]r$ 9 ,france4 ,x is to be cook$ 9 ! same way z t1 &1 if eat5 9 mod]ation1 w seldom be f\nd to incommode ! /oma* or (f5d ! palate4 ,locality4--,pa/ures1 amid/ ?ickets1 "u trees1 g5]ally 9 l>ge r+s1 reproduc+ itself e ye> 9 ! same situations4 ,,ag>icus ,,deliciosus4 ,,plate ,v41 ,,fig4 #d4 ,orange ,milk ,ag>ic4 ,subg5us ,,galorrheus4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,greg>i\s4 ,pileus f ?ree to f\r in*es across2 col\r dull orange-ruf\s1 frequ5tly zon$ ) conc5tric circles ( a bright] hue1 fle%y1 firm1 full ( r$ orange milk1 :i* turns gre5 on exposure to ! air 7z does ! :ole plant :5 bruis$72 ! m>g9 at fir/ involute & d[ny1 !n exp&$1 aft]w>ds depress$4 ,gills decurr5t1 =k$ at ! base1 always ( ! same col\r z ! pileus1 r di/ant1 sub/antial4 ,/em f two to ?ree in*es high1 slightly b5t1 /uff$ 9 "p1 scrobiculate 7i4 e4 m>k$ ) little sup]ficial pits72 at ! base /rigose 7i4 e4 cov]$ ) %ort po9t$ hairs74 ,?is is "o ( ! be/ ,ag>ics ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 fully des]v+ bo? its "n & ! e/imation 9 :i* x is held abroad4 ,its fle% is firm1 juicy1 sapid1 & nutriti\s4 ,x gr[s "u old ,scot* firs & p9es1 & occasionally 9 consid]able abundance1 & is well wor? ! tr\ble ( se>*+ = f ,septemb] to ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 :5 x is 9 season4 ,!re is b "o fungus :i* x 9 any way resembles1 & z t "o 7,ag4 torm9osus7 is acrid & poison\s1 ! ga!r] mu/ pay p>ticul> att5tion to ! foll[+ *>act]i/ic diff]5ce betwe5 ! two1 viz4 t ! milk ( ! ,ag4 deliciosus is r$ & subsequ5tly turns gre51 :ile t ( ! ,ag4 torm9osus is :ite & un*angeable4 ,mr4 ,s[]by ?us speaks 9 praise ( ?is species3--8,i _h "o dress$2 x 0 v lusci\s eat+1 full ( ri* gravy1 ) a little ( ! flav\r ( mussels40 ,sir ,james ,smi?1 9 8 #8,t\r1' says3--8,! m>ket ( ,m>seilles exhibit$ a prodigi\s quantity ( ,ag4 deliciosus1 :i* really des]ves its "n1 be+ ! mo/ delici\s mu%room kn[n40 ,! ,ag>icus deliciosus may be s]v$ ) a :ite sauce1 or fri$2 b ! be/ way to cook !m1 aft] duly season+ ) pepp] & salt1 & putt+ a piece ( butt] ^u ea*1 is to bake 79 a closely-cov]$ pie-di%7 = ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,,boletus ,,scab]1 ,fries4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,,figs4 #a1 #b4 8,fungo innoc5te e *e non pu cagion>e alcun danno1 non molto ric]cato a motivo1 s5za dubbio1 del cambiam5to di colore 9 cui va soggetto la sua c>ne allor* vi5e rotta o compressa40--,vitt4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,?is fungus pres5ts itself "u two di/9ct =ms2 9 ! fir/1 ! ,b4 aurantiacus ( ,bull41 ! pileus 7g5]ally r d[ny1 b sometimes r\gh7 is ( a beautiful deep orange hue2 9 ! o!r x is c9]e\s4 ,9 bo? cases its %ape is t ( a hemisph]e ( f ?ree to sev5 in*es across1 ! surface ( :i* becomes viscid :5 moi/1 & is m9utely d[ny4 ,9 ! fir/ v>iety1 ! /em is r\gh ) black1 9 ! second ) orange scales4 ,half a foot is its av]age height2 x is att5uat$ upw>ds4 ,:ile "y1 x is v ?ick 9 proportion to ! pileus1 & exhibits frequ5tly ! traces ( a floccose veil4 ,! fle% is ?ick & flabby1 ( a d+y :ite1 n greatly *angeable 9 "y specim5s1 b deep5+ 9 col\r :5 old1 & acquir+ a v9\s t9t2#afb ! tubes are ( a dirty :ite1 ^? t surr\nd ! /em be+ %ort] ?an ! re/4 ,! od\r ( ?is fungus is slight2 ! ta/e subacid2 ! sem9al du/ copi\s1 & tawny-f]rug9\s4 ,x may be cook$ l ! ,b4 edulis1 & has an agreeable flav\r2 b be+ m viscid 9 sub/ance1 x requires :5 /ew$ to be ?9n$ ) wat]2 :5 dri$1 x loses all od\r1 & is !n insipid & unfit = food4 ,,boletus ,,luridus4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,,figs4 #c1 #d1 ,,& #e4 ,no?+ c be m accurate ?an ,mr4 ,b]keley's description ( ?is species1 :i* ,i !re=e subjo93--8,woods4 ,summ] & autumn4 ,common4 ,pileus two to six in*es broad1 convex1 exp&$1 m9utely tom5tose1 olive1 brick-r$1 p9ki%1 cream-col\r$1 or f]rug9\s-br[n4 ,fle% m or less yell[1 *ang+ to blue4#afc ,tubes free1 yell[ or gre5i%2 _! orifices ( a beautiful r$ or bright orange1 q simple1 r\nd4 ,spores olivace\s-o*re4 ,/em v v>iable 9 l5g?1 bulb\s1 tom5tose1 sometimes q smoo?1 r$ ) f]rug9\s or ! brighte/ yell[ %ades1 solid1 g5]ally m or less m>k$ or reticulat$ ) crimson-r$1 v delet]i\s078#afd74 ,,ag>icus ,,p]sonatus4 ,,plate ,i4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,subg5us ,,tri*oloma1 ,fries4 ,blewitts4 ,i nev] met ) ?is fungus 9 ,italy2 x has n be5 describ$ by ,vittad9i1 nor1 t ,i am aw>e (1 by any ,italian mycologi/2 nei!r is x m5tion$ by ,cordi] or ,roques1 9 _! treatises on ! escul5t funguses ( ,france4 ,extremely common 9 ,engl&1 ?is species has already f\nd its way to ,cov5t ,g>d51 :]e1 accord+ to ,s[]by1 x is sold "u ! "n ( 8,blewitts40#afe ,! fav\rite haunt ( ! ,blewitt is amid/ grass1 :]e x gr[s 9 clu/]s1 or 9 l>ge r+s1 seldom appe>+ be=e ,octob]4 ,! botanical *>act]s1 z giv5 by ,mr4 ,b]keley1 are z foll[s3--8,pileus f two to six in*es broad1 fle%y1 firm2 pale bi/re or purple-lilac1 occasionally violet2 convex1 obtuse1 v smoo?1 & %9+1 z if oil$1 b n viscid2 m>g9 involute1 pulv]ul5to-tom5tose4 ,gills r\nd$2 free1 n>r[ 9 front1 pal] ?an ! pileus1 sometimes violet1 turn+ to a dirty fle%-col\r1 especially :5 bruis$2 /em f "o to ?ree in*es high1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick1 firm1 bulb\s1 solid1 mottl$ )9 t[>ds ! apex1 ) wat]y spots2 clo!d m or less ) vill\s fibrill1 t+$ ) violet2 od\r l t ( ,oreades1 b r ov]p[]+2 ta/e pleasant40 ,z ! 8,blewitt0 is apt to imbibe 9 wet wea!r a great quantity ( moi/ure1 x %\ld n be ga!r$ dur+ ra92 :5 n wat]-soak$ x is a f9e firm fungus ) a flav\r ( veal1 l :i* x is to be dress$ en papillottes ) sav\ry h]bs & ! usual condim5ts1 & ! m highly season$ ! bett]4 ,,ag>icus ,,oreades1 ,bolt4 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,subg5us ,,clitocybe4 ,section ,,scortei1 ,fries4 ,scot* ,bonnets4 ,e "o kn[s ! ,*ampignon1--t little buff fungus :i* dur+ s _m mon?s 9 ! ye> comes up 9 successive crops1 9 great pr(usion aft] ra91 & g5]ally 9 r+s4 ,^! ,*ampignons ab\nd ev]y:]e3 ?is summ] 7#ahdg7 ,hyde ,p>k 0 full ( !m2 amid ! se>$ & mu*-trodd5 grass !y 7 cont9ually trac+ _! fairy r+s1 & 9 "s in/ances !y rea*$ ! v bord] ( ! gravel walks4 ,indep5d5t ( ! excell5t flav\r ( ?is little mu%room1 :i* is z good z t ( mo/ funguses1 two circum/ances give x an additional value 9 a dome/ic po9t ( view1 viz4 ! facility ) :i* x is dri$1 & its v ext5sive dissem9ation4 ,:5 dri$ 7two or ?ree days' exposure to ! air is g5]ally suffici5t to effect ?is71 ! ,ag4 oreades may be kept = ye>s )\t los+ any ( its aroma or goodness1 :i* on ! contr>y become improv$ by ! process1 s z1 9 fact1 to imp>t m flav\r to ! di% ?an w\ld h be5 imp>t$ by ! fre% fungus2 ?\gh x is n to be d5i$ t ! fle% !n becomes coriace\s & less easy ( dige/ion4#aff ,f ! sad accid5ts occasion$ by p]sons mi/ak+ o!r small & poison\s ,ag>ics gr[+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,*ampignon = ! ,*ampignon itself1 ?is species is frequ5tly look$ ^u ) suspicion1 & n (t5 eat5 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,ag>ic ! lea/ unlike & mo/ commonly f\nd gr[+ 9 company ) ! ,ag4 oreades1 is ! ,ag4 semilobatus1 :i* is ne>ly alli$ to1 if x be n ! same z ! ,ag4 virosus ( ,s[]by4 ,b z ,i h also he>d ( a g5tleman :o int5d+ to ga!r ,*ampignons1 & tak+ home "s ,ag4 dryophilus by mi/ake1 0 r5d]$ v ill by 8 repa/1 to prev5t ! recurr5ce ( su* mi/akes = ! future1 ,i "h add ! botanical *>act]s1 m>k+ :at is peculi> to ea* 9 italics4 ,ag4 dryophilus is repres5t$ 9 ,pl4 ,,vii4 fig4 #e4 ,,ag4 ,,dryophilus4 ,solit>y or tuft$4 ,pileus f "o to two in*es broad1 :iti%1 p9ki%1 yell[i%1 or yell[-br[n1 flat1 sometimes depress$1 fle%y1 ?91 fragile1 :5 moi/ easily injur$1 ( a t\gh] sub/ance :5 dry4 ,gills s(t1 t5d]1 num]\s1 :ite1 or pale yell[ /raw-col\r4 ,/em %9+1 holl[1 ( ! same col\r z ! pileus1 b t[>ds ! apex g5]ally d>k] & ( a r$d] t+e4 ,,ag4 ,,oreades4 ,9 d5se r+s1 or greg>i\s4 ,pileus smoo?1 fle%y1 convex1 subumbonate1 g5]ally m or less compress$1 or s9uate2 t\gh1 coriace\s1 ela/ic1 wr9kl$1 :5 wat]-soak$ br[n1 buff or cream-col\r :5 dry2 ! umbo (t5 rema9+ r$-br[n1 z if scor*$4 ,gills di/ant1 v5tricose1 ( ! same t9t z ! pileus or pal]4 ,/em equal1 solid1 twi/$1 v t\gh & fibr\s1 pure1 silky1 :ite2 base d[ny1 some:at root+ & atta*$ to ! roots ( grass4#afg ,,ag4 ,,semiglobatus4 ,pileus hemisph]ical1 viscid :5 moi/1 %9+ & smoo? z if v>ni%$1 obtuse1 fle%y4 ,gills v broad1 p]fectly horizontal to ! /em1 broadly adnate1 ) a little too?1 m9utely s]rat$1 mottl$ ) purple-br[n sporules4 ,/alk v viscid1 %9+ :5 dry ) a closely-matt$ silk9ess1 fi/ulose1 sometimes bulb\s ) a holl[ bulb2 r+ g5]ally complete1 reflex$1 (t5 du/$ ) ! d>k-col\r$ spores4 ,,ag>icus ,,nebul>is4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,subg5us ,,clitocybe4 ,section ,,dasyphylli1 ,fries4 ,,ag4 ,,pileol>ius1 ,bulli>d4 8,il e/ trs-agrable au gt40--,bulli>d4 ,! foll[+ description 0 made f "s among ! m *>act]i/ic specim5s ( a l>ge supply :i* ,i ga!r$ ?is autumn 7#ahdg7 ne> ,hayes1 f a spot :]e !y are 9 ! habit ( re-appe>+ regul>ly 9 ,octob]4 ,pileus f two & a half to five in*es across2 at fir/ depresso-convex2 :5 exp&$ ne>ly flat or broadly subumbonate1 nev] depress$1 m>g9 at fir/ involute & pru9ose2 occasionally some:at wav$ & lob$1 b g5]ally regul> 9 =m2 smoo?1 viscid :5 moi/1 s t dead leaves adh]e to x2 grey1 br[n at ! c5tre1 pal] t[>ds ! circumf]5ce4 ,fle% ?ick1 :ite1 un*ang+2 gills cream-col\r1 n>r[1 decurr5t1 close1 _! m>g9s wav$1 unequal1 g5]ally simple4 ,/em f two to f\r in*es long1 f a qu>t] ( an in* to an in* ?ick2 incurv$ at ! base1 n root+1 b atta*+ by means ( a floccose d[n1 r\nd its l[] portion & = "o-?ird ( its l5g?1 a l>ge quantity ( dead leaves1 by :i* ! plant is held erect2 subequal1 m or less m>k$ ) longitud9al pits1 firm ext]nally1 )9 ( a s(t] sub/ance4 ,! od\r /rong1 l t ( curd *eese4 ,?is ,ag>ic appe>s to be local 9 ,italy2 o!rwise x c\ld sc>cely h be5 omitt$ 9 ,vittad9i's "w1 nor by ! au?or ( ! article 8,fungo0 9 ! ,v5ice edition ( ! #8,dizion>io ,classico di ,m$ic9a3' add to :i* t ,i h nev] met ) x myself ei!r at ,flor5ce1 ,pisa1 ,naples1 or ,leghorn4 ,t x gr[s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,rome is c]ta91 s9ce ,i f9d x admirably del9eat$ 9 a curi\s collection ( v old draw+s :i* ,i pur*as$ !re4 ,moreov] ,pr(essor ,sangu9etti1 ( t city1 writes 9 t]ms ( high comm5dation ( ?is mu%room1 :i*1 he says1 may be disc]n$ int] alia1 8by its peculi> od\r & grateful ta/e3 :5 prop]ly cook$ x is equal to any ( our funguses1 rivall+ n only ! ,ag4 prunulus1 b ev5 ! ,cs>eus3 z few are aw>e ( its good qualities1 x seldom f9ds its way into ! ,roman m>ket40 ,! ,ag4 nebul>is requires b little cook+2 a few m9utes' broil+ 7 la ,ma9t5on is be/71 ) butt]1 pepp]1 & salt1 is suffici5t4 ,x may also be delicately fri$ ) bread crumbs1 or /ew$ 9 :ite sauce4 ,! fle% ( ?is mu%room is p]haps light] ( dige/ion ?an t ( any o!r4 ,,can?>ellus ,,cib>ius4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,tribe ,,mesopus4 ,subdivision ,,ag>ic9i1 ,fries4 8,sunt qui hunc p]niciosum scrips]e4 ,v]um etiam latranti /oma*o eum com$i2 atque ex eo pulm5ta p>antur1 qu si aridis mortuorum oribus admovcantur p]eam ni revivisc]5t60--,batt4 8,jure int] sapidissimos fungos num]atur40--,fries4 ,no fungus is m popul> ?an ! above1 ?\gh ! m]its--nay1 ! v exi/5ce--( su* a fungus at home is conf9$ to ! ,freemasons1 :o keep ! secret6 ,hav+ collect$ a quantity at ,tunbridge ,wells1 ?is summ]1 & giv5 !m to ! cook at ! ,calv]ley ,hotel to dress1 ,i le>nt f ! wait] t !y 7 n novelties to him2 t1 9 fact1 he _h be5 9 ! habit ( dress+ !m = ye>s1 on /ate occasions1 at ! ,freemasons' ,tav]n4 ,!y 7 g5]ally fet*$1 s he said1 f1 ! neighb\rhood ( ,*elms=d1 & 7 always well paid =4 ,( ! ,can?>ellus1 ?is summ] 7#ahdg71 ! supplies 7 imm5se6 ! moss "u ! bee*-trees 9 ,buckhur/ ,p>k 9 p>ticul>1 0 s lavi% ( !m1 t a hamp] might soon h be5 fill$1 _h !re be5 h&s to ga!r !m4 ,on revisit+ ! same p>k ab\t five weeks lat]1 !y 7 /ill cont9u+ to come up1 b 9 less abundance4 ,! botanical *>act]s ( ! ,can?>ellus are z foll[3-- ,:5 "y1 its /alk is t\gh1 :ite1 & solid2 b z x gr[s ?is becomes holl[ & pres5tly *anges to yell[2 tap]+ bel[1 x is effus$ into ! sub/ance ( ! pileus1 :i* is ( ! same col\r ) x4 ,! pileus is lob$1 & irregul> 9 %ape1 its m>g9 at fir/ deeply involute1 aft]w>ds :5 exp&$1 wavy4 ,! ve9s or plaits are ?ick1 subdi/ant1 mu* s9uat$1 runn+ "s way d[n ! /alk4 ,! fle% is :ite1 fibr\s1 d5se1 8hav+ ! od\r ( apricots0 7,purton71 or ( 8plums0 7,vitt474 ,! col\r yell[1 t ( ! yolk ( eggs1 is deep] on ! "u surface2 :5 raw x has ! pung5t ta/e ( pepp]2 ! spores :i* are elliptic1 are ( a pallid o*re col\r 7,vitt474#afh ,! ,*ant>elle gr[s sometimes sporadically1 sometimes 9 circles or segm5ts ( a circle1 & may be f\nd f ,june to ,octob]4 ,at fir/ x assumes ! %ape ( a m9ute cone2 next1 9 consequ5ce ( ! roll+ 9 ( ! m>g91 ! pileus is almo/ sph]ical1 b z ?is unfolds1 x becomes hemisph]ical1 !n flat1 at l5g? irregul> & depress$4 8,?is fungus10 obs]ves ,vittad9i1 8be+ r dry & t\gh by nature1 requires a consid]able quantity ( fluid sauce to cook x prop]ly40 ,! common p 9 ,italy dry or pickle1 or keep x 9 oil = w9t] use4 ,p]haps ! be/ ways ( dress+ ! ,can?>ellus are to /ew or m9ce x by itself1 or to comb9e x ) meat or ) o!r funguses4 ,x requires to be g5tly /ew$ & a long "t to make x t5d]2 b by soak+ x 9 milk ! night be=e1 less cook+ w be requisite4 ,! ,can?4 cib>ius is v abundant ab\t ,rome1 :]e x fet*es1 n be+ 9 great e/eem1 f twop5ce to twop5ce halfp5ny a p\nd4 ,,ag>icus ,,atram5t>ius1 ,bull4 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,,figs4 #a ,,& #b4 ,subg5us ,,copr9us1 ,fries4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus fle%y1 campanulate1 m>g9 unev51 col\r greyi%1 !n light br[n1 slightly hairy1 (t5 corrugat$1 sometimes scaly 9 ! c5tre4 ,gills num]\s1 deep1 ) cle> ve9s1 light br[n1 black 9 age1 ! edges grey or :ite1 free1 obtuse beh9d4 ,/em ab\t f\r in*es high1 swoll5 at ! base1 pip$1 juicy1 fibr\s1 m>k$ ) b&s4 ,?is is a common fungus 9 g>d5s1 wa/e corn]s ( fields1 & lanes1 & occasionally gr[+ on /umps ( trees 9 su* situations3 x is greg>i\s & cspitose1 & occurs bo? 9 spr+ & autumn4 ,"y specim5s af=d a f9e ket*up4 ,,ag>icus ,,comatus4 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,figs4 #a1 #b1 ,,& #c4 ,subg5us ,,copr9us1 ,fries4 8,a fungus 9 great reque/ ab\t ,via ,reggio & ,lucca40--,pucc9elli4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus cyl9drical1 break+ up into long scales1 campanulate1 epid]mis ?91 fle% ?ick 9 ! c5tre1 v ?9 & /r+y at ! m>g9s4 ,gills num]\s1 q free1 leav+ a space r\nd ! top ( ! /em4 ,/em f f\r to five in*es high1 r bulb\s at ! base1 /uff$ ) fibres1 brittle1 r+ moveable4 ,?is fungus may be f\nd f e>ly spr+ till late 9 ! autumn1 9 mead[s & wa/e places4 ,:5 us$ = mak+ ket*up or = ! table1 only "y specim5s %\ld be select$4 ,,ag>icus ,,het]ophyllus1 ,fries4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,figs4 #c ,,& #d4 ,subg5us ,,russula1 ,scopoli4 ,,mild ,,russul4 ,,russul ,,mites1 ,,auct4 8,non m5o sicuro e gu/oso del ,ces>eo e del l'orc9o40--,vitt4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t ^? :o ga!r funguses = ! table1 %\ld be accurately acqua9t$ ) ! diff]5t species compos+ ?is g5us2 its memb]s are s abundantly di/ribut$2 "s ( !m =m s excell5t & delicate a food1 :il/ o!rs produce su* delet]i\s effects on ! economy1 t !y are well entitl$ to a dilig5t & c>eful att5tion4 ,! limits ( ?is "w w n p]mit an accurate discrim9ation ( all ! species1 :i* w\ld require a long monograph to !mselves2 b ,i h endeav\r$ to po9t out amid/ ^? ( mo/ frequ5t occurr5ce1 ! ?ree :i* may be select$ ) pr(it = ! table1 & "s o!rs :i* are ne>ly alli$1 f :i* we mu/ be c>eful to sep>ate !m4 ,! ?ree mild-flav\r$ ,russul are ! ,ag4 het]ophyllus1 ,ag4 rub]1 & ,ag4 viresc5s2 ! botanical *>act]s ( ! fir/ are z foll[s3-- ,ag4 het]ophyllus4 ,pileus subirregul>1 f ?ree & a half to f\r & a half in*es across1 at fir/ convex1 !n m or less excavat$ t[>ds ! c5tre2 = ! mo/ "p smoo?1 ! epid]mis cov]+ x1 m or less moi/1 nev] scor$ or fissur$1 b exhibit+ a cont9u\s surface1 m>k$ by v small rais$ l9es1 radiat+ z f ! c5tre1 & frequ5tly cross+ s z to pres5t a v m9ute f9ely reticulat$ me%work1 sometimes slightly zon$1 adh]+ to ! fle% ( ! pileus1 :i* peels away ) x 9 flakes resembl+ asbe/os4 ,x is v v>i\s 9 col\r1 be+ f\nd ( all %ades ( yell[1 lilac1 azure1 gre51 & sometimes a mixture ( ^! 9 diff]5t p>ts4 ,! m>g9 ev51 i4 e4 n /riate1 irregul>ly elevat$ & depress$4 ,! gills are wat]y :ite1 r num]\s & ?ick1 asc5d+1 tap]+ away at _! /alk extremity1 r broad] at ! o!r1 "s simple b _m ( !m =k$ at ! base1 9 a few in/ances bran*$2 ! imp]fect gills v few1 irregul>1 occasionally broadly adh]+ to ! side ( a p]fect gill2 ! /alk nak$1 v>iable z to l5g? & size1 equal or att5uat$ slightly at ! base1 :ite l sp]maceti1 ext]nally rugulose1 & me%$1 l ! pileus1 ) m9ute me&]+ l9es1 int]nally /uff$ ) a compact subfriable m$ull>y sub/ance1 :i*1 z ! fungus gr[s old1 breaks up "h & !re into s9uses :i* gradually coalesce1 till at la/ ! :ole /em becomes holl[4 ,! p>5*yma is compact1 b n ?ick1 & does n *ange col\r :5 cut4 ,! spores :ite1 r\nd1 & v abundant4 ,! ta/e sweet & nutty4 ,od\r none4 ,?is excell5t fungus1 :i* ,vittad9i pron\nces to be n surpass$ = f95ess ( flav\r by ,am4 ,cs>ea or by ,b4 edulis1 ) ei!r ( :i* x is equally :olesome1 has be5 introduc$ by ,roques into ! h\ses ( _m ( 8 fri5ds 9 ! environs ( ,p>is1 "s ( :om pref] x to ,ag4 campe/ris3 an op9ion %>$ by sev]al ( our own fri5ds on ?is side ! ,*annel4 ,x gr[s 9 great abundance dur+ ! summ] mon?s g5]ally1 & ?is ye> n[h]e m pl5tifully ?an "u ! ,elm-trees 9 ,k5s+ton ,g>d5s4 ,!re mu/ be no delay 9 dress+ x1 o!rwise insects1 :o are z fond ( x z we are1 appropriate x to _! l>v1 :i* 9 a few h\rs w utt]ly consume x2 ! fle%1 be+ v t5d]1 requires b slight cook+4 ,ag>icus rub]1 ,s*ff]4 ,ag4 griseus1 ,p]soon4 8,l',ag>ico ,rosso uno dei funghi pi delicati e gu/osi *e si conoscono40--,vitt4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus r fle%y1 at fir/ hemisph]ical1 !n obtusely convex1 &1 :5 fully exp&$1 m or less excavat$ t[>ds ! c5tre4 ,! m>g9s at fir/ ev51 at l5g? tub]culo-sulcate1 t is1 m>k$ ) l9es simil> to ^? left on ! sk9 aft] cupp+4 ,! epid]mis dry 9 dry wea!r1 b v /icky 9 moi/1 ( v>i\s hues1 tawny-purple1 olive-gre51 o*race\s-yell[1 or sev]al ( ^! unit$1 & g5]ally d>ke/ at ! c5tre2 peel+ (f readily )\t lac]ation ( ! fle%4 ,! fle% :ite1 :5 cut slightly rufesc5t1 :5 dry cream-col\r$4 ,! gills fragile1 cream-col\r$1 connect$ bel[ by transv]se plaits or ve9s1 ?ick & broad1 b tap]+ away t[>ds ! /alk1 really simple1 ?\gh a few imp]fect gills int]pos$ betwe5 ! entire ones1 & atta*+ !mselves to _! sides give ^! sometimes ! appe>ance ( be+ =k$2 ! /alk equal1 :ite1 or blot*$ "h & !re ) purple /a9s1 /uff$1 brittle1 & ,vittad9i adds1 8long10 :i* is n my exp]i5ce ( x2 :5 "y x is s %ort z to be entirely hid by ! globose head ( ! unexp&$ pileus4 ,! fle% inconsid]able b compact2 sporules pale-buff4 ,! ,ag4 rub]1 ! ,colombo rossa ( ! ,tuscans1 & ,ro!r ,tubl+ ( ,s*ff]1 is a complete wood-pigeon 9 its haunts2 x gr[s v abundantly1 may be ga!r$ f ,july to a v late p]iod 9 ! autumn1 & is z delicate & light ( dige/ion z ! ,russula la/ describ$4 ,x may be readily di/+ui%$ f ,ag4 alutaceus by ! diff]5t col\r ( its gills & spores1 :i* 9 t species are buff1 b 9 ! ,ag4 rub] cream-col\r$3 moreov] ! great] ?ickness ( ! sub/ance ( ! pileus ( ,ag4 alutaceus1 ! m>g9 ( :i* is deeply sulcate1 ev5 at an e>ly p]iod ( its developm5t1 & ! pung5t acrid ta/e1 :i* is seldom want+1 are fur!r means ( di/+ui%+ x f ,ag4 rub]4 ,ag4 emeticus diff]s f x 9 hav+ unequal sn[-:ite gills1 & 9 extreme acrimony ( ta/e4 ,ag>icus viresc5s1 ,s*ff43 ! ,v]dette8 ,ag4 bifidus1 ,bull4 ,russula rug9osa1 ,p]soon4 8,la c>ne di que/o ,ag>ico t5]a e di sapore gratissimo40--,vitt4 ,pileus at fir/ flatly convex2 at l5g? depress$ t[>ds ! c5tre ) an ev5 m>g92 epid]mis :iti%1 fibr\s1 cont9u\s & firmly adh]+ to ! fle%1 dry1 b coat$ ov] ) a ?ick /ratum ( opaque meal1 :i* gradually break+ z ! pileus exp&s maps x 9 a s+ul> & q *>act]i/ic mann] ) a s]ies ( irregul> polygonal figures1 9 great] or less relief accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! coat+2 its col\r v>ies slightly b is g5]ally made up ( "s admixture ( gre5 & yell[1 communicat+ to ! surface1 z ,bulli>d has rem>k$1 a f>9ace\s or m\ldy appe>ance4 ,! gills ( "s ?ickness1 v brittle1 :ite1 sublanceolate1 g5]ally simple1 b occasionally =k$1 ! imp]fect gills int]sp]s$ )\t ord] among/ ! entire ones2 ! /alk equal1 %ort1 its c5tre /uff$ ) cottony fibres3 some:at compact & ela/ic4 ,accord+ to ,?ore1 z quot$ by ,p]soon1 ?is ,ag>ic may be cultivat$4#afi ,x is an exce$+ly delicate fungus1 b n v common 9 ,engl&4 ,! be/ way ( cook+ x1 accord+ to ,vittad9i1 is on ! gridiron2 ! peasants ab\t ,milan are 9 ! habit ( putt+ x ov] wood emb]s to toa/1 eat+ x aft]w>ds ) a little salt1 9 :i* way x has a sav\ry smell1 & a ta/e l t ( ! ,canc] a/acus2 :5 fre% x is )\t od\r1 b acquires a v /rong "o :ile dry+1 :i* he comp>es to t ( salt meat4 ,mr4 ,b]keley quotes ,roques' au?ority z to its be+ eat5 9 ,france2 ,vittad9i1 )\t giv+ any au?ority1 /ates t x is eat5 9 ,engl&4 ,x loses b little ( its volume 9 dry+4 ,,acrid ,,russul4 ,,russul ,,acres1 ,,auct4 ,ag>icus alutaceus1 ,p]soon4 ,?ree acrid ,russul rema9 to be describ$1 ,ag4 alutaceus1 ,ag4 emeticus1 ,ag4 sangu9eus2 all ?ree common1 ?\gh n p]haps s common z ! mild ones1 & all to be avoid$4 ,! fir/1 ,a4 alutaceus1 ,fries1 is rank$ by ,vittad9i among ! safe k9ds1 he ev5 affixes a misplac$ note ( admiration aft] 8 epi!t 8escul5tus60 & describes x ev5 :5 raw z 8a da9ty food1 possess$ ( a mo/ agreeable flav\r40 ,mr4 ,b]keley1 :o reports x escul5t :5 "y1 rem>ks t individual specim5s occur1 :i* prove almo/ z acrid z ! ,ag4 emeticus itself2 my own exp]i5ce ( x 9 ,engl& is1 t :e!r "y or old1 x is always acrid :5 raw4#agj ,i h nev] tri$ x dress$1 :i* might possibly extract its noxi\s qualities1 z ,vittad9i reports to h be5 ! case ) a cau/ic v>iety :i* he subject$ to ?is te/2 b s9ce ev5 !n1 on 8 own %[+1 x prov$ indige/ible1 ,i w\ld advise no "o to try ?is species1 especially :5 !re are s _m o!rs1 ! good qualities ( :i* are kn[n4 ,x is easy to di/+ui% ,a4 alutaceus f any ( ! =ego+ species2 to d ?is x is only necess>y to look at ! gills1 :i*1 9 place ( be+1 z 9 ^!1 :ite1 wat]y :ite1 or cream-col\r$1 are ( a ri* buff2 pileus ab\t ?ree in*es broad1 p9k or livid olive1 smoo? on ! surface1 & viscid 9 wet wea!r2 ! m>g9 at fir/ ev51 b 9 age /riate2 ! gills broad1 equal1 slightly =k$1 v5tricose1 free1 connect$ by ve9s2 ! sporules ri* buff2 ! /em "o & a half in*es long1 blunt1 surface longitud9ally wr9kl$ or groov$1 solid )\t1 spongy )91 v>y+ f :ite to buff4 ,ag>icus emeticus1 ,s*ff]4 ,reports conc]n+ ! qualities ( ?is fungus diff] widely1 "s ass]t+ x to be a mo/ delet]i\s species1 ( :i* ! mis*ief 0 n to be remov$ by cook+1 :il/ o!rs1 on ! au?ority ( dogs :om !y p]suad$ to eat "s1 pron\nc$ x innoxi\s4 ,9 ?is /ate ( unc]ta9ty ,vittad9i1 = ! sake ( sci5ce1 & p]adv5ture ( adv5ture also1 det]m9$ to te/ its effects ^u himself2 he _h previ\sly giv5 at diff]5t times l>ge doses1 ( f six to twelve ounces1 to dogs1 bo? 9 ! crude /ate & also cook$2 b )\t result4 8,/ill10 says he1#aga 8?9k+ t ?\gh dogs might eat ,ag4 emeticus ) impunity1 x might yet prove injuri\s to man1 ,i took five specim5s ( fair dim5sions1 & hav+ fri$1 ,i ate !m ) ! usual condim5ts2 b ?\gh pa9s 7 tak5 to h !m delicately prep>$ 7oltimam5te cuc9ati71 !y /ill reta9$ _! acrid bitt] ta/e1 & 7 mo/ di/a/eful to ! palate40 ,! read] w be glad to le>n1 t ! only inconv5i5ce suff]$ by ?is bold self-exp]im5tali/ 0 a slight s5se ( prcordial uneas9ess accompani$ ) flatul5ce1--effects attributable entirely1 z he believ$1 to ! ri* mode 9 :i* 8 di% 0 prep>$3 ?\gh1 m timid app>5tly = o!rs' safety ?an 8 own1 he p>ticul>ly adds1 8?\gh ,i h cle>ly e/abli%$ to my own satisfaction1 ! complete innocu\sness ( ! ,a4 emeticus2 /ill1 z !re are1 or are said to be1 o!r ,russul ( highly delet]i\s prop]ties & closely alli$1 ! mi/ak+ :i* = x might be paid = by ! loss ( life1 ! saf] rule is to ab/a9 f all su* z h acrid juices40 ,! botanical *>act]s ( ,ag4 emeticus are z foll[3-- ,pileus m or less rosy1 fle% compact1 m>g9 /riate1 epid]mis adh]5t2 gills v brittle1 ar*$ 9 front1 att5uat$ t[>ds ! /alk1 connect$ bel[ by transv]se plaits1 g5]ally simple1 a few =k$1 ! imp]fect gills r\nd$ (f beh9d2 ! /alk1 :i* is compact1 ( equal dim5sions1 & :ite1 is g5]ally m or less /a9$ ) r$ spots ( ! same hue z ! pileus2 9 ! gr[+ fungus1 :]e ! epid]mis has be5 remov$ & ! fle% eat5 by insects1 ?is soon acquires a t9t z lively z t ( ! sk9 itself2 g5]ally ,i h rem>k$ t ! erosions ( insects & slugs d n produce any *ange ( col\r1 ev5 9 ! species notori\s "u o!r circum/ances = manife/+ su* a *ange2 ?us ! fle% ( ! ,ag4 rubesc5s1 :i* turns r$ :5 x is divid$1 may be frequ5tly se5 half eat5 ?r\gh1 exhibit+ a :ite fle%2 & ! same is ! case ) ! ,boletus luridus1 ! fle% ( :i*1 ?\gh erod$1 rema9s :ite till x is brok5 ?r\gh4 ,ag4 sangu9eus1 ,bull4 ,?is fungus1 ( :i* ! g5]al facies & mo/ ( ! botanical *>act]s1 z well z ! ta/e & o!r qualities1 are simil> to ^? ( ! la/-m5tion$ ,ag>ic1 diff]s f x 9 hav+ its gills = ! mo/ "p =k$1 _m small] ones be+ int]pos$ betwe5 ^? t are entire1 also 9 n hav+ its m>g9 /riate1 z ! ,ag4 emeticus :5 mod]ately exp&$ always has4 ,! smell ( ?is fungus1 :i* is only develop$ 9 dry+1 is1 accord+ to ,vittad9i1 8mo/ agreeable10 resembl+ t ( fre% meal2 to me its od\r is unpleasant & l t ( s\r pa/e4 ,ag4 acris m9or4 ,pileus "o or two in*es across1 /icky1 ( a light muddy-p9k1 ! epid]mis peel+ (f easily & entire f ! fle%1 m>g9 n /riate1 fle% s(t1 :ite1 & cellul>2 gills adnate1 :ite1 =k$1 brittle1 slightly v5tricose2 ! m>g9 subd5ticulate2 ! /alk ( sp]maceti-:it5ess & appe>ance1 solid )91 brittle1 ! int]nal texture loos] ?an ! ext]nal2 ! surface m9utely rugulose1 #a-a in*1 by #b-d l9es ?ick1 int5sely acrid4 ,9 mead[s1 ?r\gh\t ! summ]2 abundant4 ,,ag>icus ,,o/reatus1 ,jacq4 ,,plate ,x4 ,subg5us ,,pleuropus1 ,p]soon4 ,subdivision ,,con*>ia1 ,fries4 8,l',ag4 o/reato vi5e giu/am5te p] la sua bont ed innoc5za amesso tra i funghi comme/ibili1 de' quali pure p]messa la v5dita sulle pubbli*e piazze40--,vitt4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,cispitose4#agb ,pileus fle%y1 smoo?1 blacki%1 !n c9]e\s1 at l5g? pal]2 epid]mis /rongly adh]5t1 fle% fibr\s1 mod]ately firm2 gills ana/omos+ beh9d1 n gl&ul>1 :ite2 /em sublat]al or want+4 ,on dead trees4#agc ,season1 spr+ & autumn4 ,z !re are "s s+ul> diff]5ces pres5t$ by ?is fungus 9 reg>d to developm5t1 od\r1 ta/e1 & ! col\r ( ! spores1 :i* seem almo/ suffici5t to entitle x to be divid$ into two di/9ct species1 ,i %all fir/ describe ! m ord9>y =m1 z giv5 by ,mr4 ,b]keley1 & !n m5tion ! v>iations f x4 8,imbricat$1 l>ge2 pileus subdimidiate1 v ?ick & fle%y2 fle% :ite1 dusky t[>ds ! surface2 "o in* deep1 ! bord] at fir/ fibrillose2 m>g9 involute1 z ! pileus exp&s ! :ite fibrill vani%1 & ! col\r *anges to bi/re2 m>g9 pal] & rimulose1 ! :ole surface %9+ & sat9y :5 dry1 s(t & clammy :5 moi/2 gills broad1 "h & !re =k$10#agd /&+ out %>p & erect l ! f9e flut+s ( a column1 w9d+ d[n ! /alk to diff]5t l5g?s1 & ^? t rea* ! bottom =m+ !re a beautiful rais$ me%work highly *>act]i/ic ( ?is species1 8dirty 7pure87 :ite1 ! edge s]rat$1 umb]2 ta/e & smell l t ( ,ag4 p]sonatus1 :i* x resembles some:at 9 col\r20 8spores :ite l ^? ( ! ,polyporus suaveol5s40#age ,! po9ts ( diff]5ce 9 ^? :i* dep>t$ f ! ord9>y type 7 z foll[s3#agf--;fir/1 9 specim5s gr[+ close toge!r & all equally expos$ to ! light1 ! col\r ( all at ! same p]iod ( gr[? 0 n ! same1 be+ a delicate waxy-:ite 9 "s ( ! specim5s1 9 o!rs1 a light-br[n4 ,secondly1 :]eas ?is fungus is g5]ally 8inve/$ dur+ infancy ) a :ite lanugo or d[n10#agg ,i obs]v$ ! "y ,ag>ics1 :i* pres5t$ !mselves at fir/ z small semitransp>5t em95ces ris+ irregul>ly f a common /alk1 & n unlike 9 appe>ance ! bli/]s on a *alc$ony1 to be ?ickly coat$ ) a light-blue v>ni% 9 place ( x2 ! dry dbris ( :i* v>ni% cont9u$ to adh]e to ! surface ( ! pileus = "s "t aft]w>ds4 ,?irdly1 ! complexion ( ! spores1 commonly describ$ z :ite1 0 9 ^! specim5s pale-rose4 ,f\r?ly1 !y exhal$ ! /rong & peculi> od\r ( ,t>ragon2 &1 f9ally1 9 place ( be+ ! delicate fungus at table :i* 9 ,july ,i _h always f\nd x1 ^! specim5s af=d$ a di/a/eful food4 ,! ,ag4 o/reatus resi/s cold 9 a rem>kable mann]2 ! circum/ance ( its be+ f\nd 9 w9t] has procur$ = x ! trivial "n ( ,gelon4 ,ag4 o/reatus is f\nd on ! b>ks ( _m sorts ( trees1 & :]ev] x has once be5 x is apt to recur frequ5tly aft]w>ds4 ,x may be dress$ 9 any ( ! m usual ways2 b z ! fle% is r ov]-solid & t5aci\s1 x is all ! bett] = be+ cook$ leisurely ov] a sl[ fire4 ,,ag>icus ,,rubesc5s1 ,p]soon4 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,figs4 #c1 #d1 ,,& #e4 ,subg5us #a4 ,,amanita4 8,non altrim5ti del ,ces>eo delicato e sano40--,vitt4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus cov]$ ) w>ts ( diff]5t sizes2 m>g9s ev51 convex1 fle% turns obscurely r$ :5 cut or bruis$1 slightly moi/ & %9+2 gills att5uat$ beh9d2 /em at fir/ /uff$1 9 age becom+ holl[1 bulb\s1 sometimes scaly2 r+ wide1 m>k$ ) /ri2 spores ne>ly elliptical2 smell /rong2 ta/e n unpleasant4 ,?is is a v delicate fungus1 :i* gr[s 9 suffici5t abundance to r5d] x ( importance 9 a cul9>y po9t ( view4 ,x makes excell5t ket*up4 ,cordi] reports x z "o ( ! mo/ delicate mu%rooms ( ! ,lorra9e2 & ,roques speaks equally well ( x4 ,x g5]ally gr[s 9 woods1 p>ticul>ly ( oak & *e/nut1 bo? 9 summ] & autumn4 ,no fungus is m prey$ ^u ?an ?is by mice1 snails1 & insects4 ,,mor*ella ,,escul5ta1 ,dill4 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,figs4 #f ,,& #g4 ,tribe #c4 ,,mitrati4 ,morell4 8,sommam5te ric]cata10--,vitt4 ,e "o kn[s ! ,morell1 t exp5sive luxury :i* ! ri* are cont5t to procure at great co/ f our ,italian w>eh\ses1 & ! poor are fa9 to d )\t4 ,x is less g5]ally kn[n t ?is fungus1 ?\gh by no means s common ) u z "s o!rs1 7a circum/ance p>tly attributable to ! prevail+ ignorance z to :5 & :]e to look = x1 or ev5 ( its be+ indig5\s to ,engl&1#agh7 occurs n unfrequ5tly 9 our or*>ds & woods1 t[>ds ! beg9n+ ( summ]4 ,roques reports fav\rably ( "s specim5s s5t to him by ! ,duke ( ,a?ol2 & o!rs1 f diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 occasionally f9d _! way into ,cov5t ,g>d5 m>ket4 ,! g5us ,mor*ella comprises v few species1 & !y are all good to eat4 ,p]soon rem>ks1 t ?\gh ! ,morell r>ely appe>s 9 a s&y soil1 pref]r+ a calc>e\s or argillace\s gr\nd1 x frequ5tly spr+s up on sites :]e *>coal has be5 burnt or :]e c9d]s h be5 ?r[n4 ,mor*ella escul5ta4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus v v>i\s 9 %ape & hue1 ! surface brok5 up into little s9uses or cells1 made by folds or plaits ( ! hym5ium1 :i* are m or less sali5t1 & con/itute ! s-call$ ribs4 ,^! ribs are v irregul>1 & ana/omose ) ea* o!r ?r\gh\t2 ! pileus holl[1 op5+ into ! irregul> holl[ /em4 ,spores pale-yell[4 ,mor*ella semilib]a4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,?is may be kn[n f ! ,m4 escul5ta by be+1 z its "n imports1 half free1 i4 e4 hav+ ! pileus = half its l5g? deta*$ f ! /alk4 ,spores are pale-yell[4 ,od\r1 at fir/ feeble1 becomes /rong] 9 dry+4 ,occurr+ less frequ5tly ?an ! la/1 & mu* less sapid4 ,nei!r ( ^! funguses %\ld be ga!r$ aft] ra91 z !y are !n insipid & soon spoil4#agi ,m4 ,roques says ! ,morell may be dress$ 9 a v>iety ( ways1 bo? fre% & dry1 ) butt] or 9 oil1 au gras or la crme4 ,! foll[+ receipts = cook+ !m are f ,p]soon4 #a/4 ,hav+ wa%$ & cleans$ !m f ! e>? :i* is apt to collect betwe5 ! plaits1 dry ?or\ghly 9 a napk91 & put !m into a saucepan ) pepp]1 salt1 & p>sley1 add+ or n a piece ( ham2 /ew = an h\r1 p\r+ 9 occasionally a little bro? to prev5t burn+2 :5 suffici5tly done1 b9d ) ! yolks ( two or ?ree eggs1 & s]ve on butt]$ toa/4 #bnd4 ,morelles l',itali5ne4--,hav+ wa%$ & dri$1 divide !m across1 put !m on ! fire ) "s p>sley1 scallion1 *]vil1 burnet1 t>ragon1 *ives1 a little salt1 & two spoonfuls ( f9e oil4 ,/ew till ! juice runs out2 !n ?ick5 ) a little fl\r2 s]ve ) bread-crumbs & a squeeze ( lemon4 #crd4 ,/uff$ ,morells4--,*oose ! fre%e/ & :ite/ ,morells1 op5 ! /alk at ! bottom2 wa% & wipe !m well1 fill ) veal /uff+1 an*ovy1 or any ri* f>ce y please1 secur+ ! ends1 & dress+ betwe5 ?9 slices ( bacon4 ,s]ve ) a sauce l ! la/4#ahj ,,hydnum ,,rep&um1 ,l9n4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,,figs4 #c ,,& #d4 ,subg5us ,,mesopus1 ,fries4 8,! g5]al use made ( ?is fungus ?r\gh\t ,france1 ,italy1 & ,g]many leaves no d\bt z to its good qualities40--,roques4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus fle%y1 tawny1 r$1 smoo?ly tom5tose1 v irregul> 9 %ape1 f two to five in*es across1 lob$ or undulat$2 m>g9 vault$1 acute1 wavy2 fle% :ite1 turn+ yell[ :5 cut1 if bruis$ becom+ br[n-r$2 sp9es pale-yell[1 unequal1 ?ick-set1 apices can9o-d5ticulate or conical1 /raight or slightly ungulate2 occasionally bifid2 %ort] & m obtuse t[>ds ! /alk1 on ! upp] "p ( :i* !y are some:at decurr5t1 leav+ small =am9ules :5 deta*$2 /em at fir/ :ite1 !n tawny2 two in*es long1 solid1 ( v>iable ?ickness 7f half an in* to two in*es7 m or less flatt5$1 papillat$ above ) ! rudim5ts ( sp9es :i* h abort$2 spores r\nd1 :ite1 ta/e :5 raw at fir/ pleasant1 b pres5tly ( a sal9e bitt]1 l ,glaub] salts1 some:at pepp]y1 & smell l t ( horse-radi%4 ,?is fungus occurs pr9cipally 9 woods1 & especially 9 ^? ( p9e & oak2 sometimes solit>y1 b m frequ5tly 9 company & 9 r+s4 ,9 ,italy 7:]e ! sp9es h procur$ = x ! "n ( 8,/ec*]9o10 or ,h$gehog71 x is br\ght into ! m>ket & sold promiscu\sly ) ! ,*ant>elle1 to :i* 9 col\r & 9 "s o!r respects x be>s a resemblance4 ,!re is no fungus ) :i* ?is is likely to be conf\nd$2 once se51 x is recogniz$ at a glance aft]w>ds1 & may be ga!r$ fe>lessly4 ,accord+ to ,paulet1 ,p]soon1 & ,vittad9i1 ! ,hyd4 rep&um %\ld be cook$ = a long "t1 & ) pl5ty ( sauce1 o!rwise1 be+ defici5t 9 moi/ure1 x is apt to become r t\gh2 :5 well /ew$ x is an excell5t di%1 ) a slight flav\r ( oy/]s2 x makes also a v good pure4 ,vittad9i places x among ! mo/ delicate ( ! funguses ( ,italy4 ,,fi/ul9a ,,hepatica1 ,fries4 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,figs4 #a ,,& #b4 8,fungus paup]ibus escul5tus40--,s*ff4 ,?is fungus1 :i*1 9 ! e>li] /ages ( its developm5t1 frequ5tly resembles v closely a tongue 9 %ape1 /ructure1 & g5]al appe>ance1 pres5ts lat] a d>k1 amorph\s1 grum\s-look+ mass1 be>+ a /ill m /rik+ lik5ess to liv]4 ,?us1 se5 :ile "y1 & j beg9n+ to bud out f ! oak1#aha its papillat$ surface1 regul> %ape1 & cle> fibr\s fle% make x an object ( int]e/ to _m :o1 introduc$ to x at an advanc$ p]iod ( gr[?1 c h>dly be br\ght to believe t ! black5$ mis%ap5 mass1 t looks l liv]1 & t deeply /a9s ! f+]s ) an unsightly r$ fluid1 c inde$ be ! same plant4 ,x has1 f ! e>lie/-record$ acc\nts1 be5 designat$ by names po9t+ to ^! resemblances3 ,cesalp9us calls x ,l+u2 ,wallemb1 ,buglossus qu]c9us2 ! vulg> "n 9 ,italy is 8,l+ua qu]c9a10 or 8,l+ua di ca/agna40 ,x con/itutes a g5us by itself4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus conflu5t ) ! /alk3 at fir/ /udd$ on ! upp] side ) m9ute papill 7! rudim5ts ( tubes71 :i* aft]w>ds disappe>2 fle% succul5t1 fibr\s1 l beetroot 9 appe>ance1 ) a v9\s smell & a slight acid ta/e2 tubes cont9u\s ) ! fibres ( ! receptacle1 unequal1 v %ort1 small1 cyl9drical1 o*race\s-rufesc5t2 at fir/ ) clos$ pores1 b z !y elongate !y become pat5t2 col\r at fir/ a dry dusky :ite1 aft]w>ds a yell[i%-r$2 ! :ole surface m or less /icky1 ) a gelat9\s secretion exud+ f x2 sporidia o*race\s-gre51 & matur$ at diff]5t times f ! unequal l5g? ( ! tubes4 ,?is fungus v>ies 9 size f t ( a small kidney to an irregul> mass ( _m p\nds' weight1 & ( sev]al feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,i rec5tly pick$ a specim5 :i* measur$ ne>ly five feet r\nd1 & weigh$ upw>ds ( eight p\nds2 b ?is is no?+ to "o f\nd by ,mr4 ,graves1 :i*1 on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,b]keley1 weigh$ ne>ly ?irty p\nds4 ,! ,fi/ul9a hepatica1 :i* ,s*ff] calls ! ,poor ,man's fungus1 8fungus paup]ibus escul5tus10 des]ves inde$ ! epi!t if we look to its abundance1 :i* makes x an acquisition to ! lab\r+ class :]ev] x is kn[n2 b t x is 9 any o!r s5se fitt$ = ! poor1 or to be eat5 by ^? only :o c pur*ase no o!r food1 is :at ,i _c subscribe to4 ,no fungus yields a ri*] gravy1 & ?\gh r t\gh1 :5 grill$ x is sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ f broil$ meat4 ,! be/ way to dress x if old1 is to /ew x d[n = /ock1 & reject ! fle%1 b if "y1 x may be eat5 9 sub/ance1 pla91 or ) m9c$ meat2 9 all cases its succul5cy is su* t x furni%es its own sauce1 :i* a fri5d ( ours1 well v]s$ 9 ! sci5ce ( ! table1 decl>es ea* "t he eats x to be 8und5iably good40 ,9 ,engl& ! ,f4 hepatica gr[s pr9cipally on old oak-trees1 & may be f\nd ?r\gh\t ! summ] 9 great abundance4 ,,ag>icus ,,orcella1#ahb ,bull4 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,figs4 #a ,,& #b4 ,section ,,m\c]on1 ,fries4 8,s5za dubbio uno de' migliori funghi indig5i40--,vitt4 8,escul5tus60--,ibid4 ,?is is a v delicate mu%room2 x gr[s ei!r solit>y or 9 company1 & sometimes 9 r+s1 succe$+ occasionally a crop ( ,ag4 oreades & ,ag4 prunulus :i* _h rec5tly occupi$ ! same site4 ,its g5]al appe>ance1 once recogniz$1 is su* z to r5d] ! mi/ak+ x = any o!r species aft]w>ds unlikely1 :il/ ! lea/ att5tion to its botanical *>act]s makes x impossible to d s4 ,its irregul> lob$ pileus ) smoo? undulat$ bord]s1 its decurr5t gills1 & %ort solid /em are s _m p>ticul>s 9 :i* at fir/ x might seem to resemble 9 outl9e ! ,can?4 cib41 ) :i* x has1 h[ev]1 no?+ else 9 common4 ,x be>s a ne>] g5]al resemblance to sev]al ( ! section ,lactifluus ( ,p]soon1 b ! exudation1 or n1 ( milk w\ld be conclusive 9 any d\btful case1 to say no?+ ( its peculi> smell ( cucumb] r9d1 or syr+a leaf1#ahc 9 :i* respect x resembles no o!r fungus4 ,! surface is z s(t & smoo? to ! t\* z kid1 except 9 wet wea!r1 :5 x becomes m or less /icky2 ! size1 :i* does n admit ( mu* v>iation1 is f two to ?ree in*es across2 :il/ "y ! bord]s are roll$ inw>ds t[>ds ! gills1 ! /alk is 9 ! c5tre1 & some:at enl>g$ at ! base2 b z ! fungus gr[s ! bord]s unroll !mselves1 "o side gr[s m rapidly ?an ! o!r1 ! /alk becomes1 9 consequ5ce1 ecc5tric1 & ?is ecc5tricity is (t5 r5d]$ great] by a lat]al twi/ t[>ds ! base4 ,! gills1 :i* at fir/ are :ite1 assume lat] a pale salmon hue2 ,b]keley adds t 8!y are m or less =k$1 cov]$ ) v m9ute conical papill end+ 9 f\r spicul20 ^? t are entire tap] away po/]iorly & t]m9ate on ! /alk1 b ! imp]fect ones are r\nd$ (f midway2 ! spores are elliptic1 & ( ! col\r ( br[n-holl&4#ahd ,?is mu%room is f\nd occasionally1 ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 b autumn is ! season to look = x1 amid/ ! grass ( woods & pa/ures1 :]e x ab\nds4 ,x %\ld be eat5 ! day x is ga!r$1 ei!r /ew$1 broil$1 or fri$ ) egg & bread-crumbs1 l cutlets4 ,:5 dri$1 x loses mu* ( its volume & acquires 8a v sweet smell10--8un' aroma suavissimo0 7,vitt474 ,,helvella ,,crispa1 ,fries4 ,,helvella ,,lacunosa1 ,afz4 ,tribe ,,mitrati1 ,fries4 8,pu ess]e con vantaggio raccolta ed agli /essi usi delle spugniole de/9ata40--,vitt4 ,all ,helvell are escul5t1 h an agreeable od\r1 & be> a g5]al resemblance 9 flav\r to ! ,morell4 ,! ,helvella crispa1 or pallid ,helvella ( ,scopoli & ,fries1 is1 x seems1 8n uncommon10#ahe & ! ,helvella lacunosa1 or c9]e\s ,helvella ( ,afzel 7on ea* ( ^: heads respectively ,s[]by & ,s*ff] place an inappropriate mitre71 are bo? indig5\s4 ,!y are ?us succ9ctly b excell5tly describ$ by ,mr4 ,b]keley4 ,helvella crispa1 ,fries4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus :iti%1 fle%-col\r$ or yell[i%1 deflex$1 lob$1 free1 crisp$1 pallid2 /em fi/ulose1 co/ato-lacunose1 #c-e in*es high1 sn[y-:ite1 deeply lacunose & ribb$1 ! ribs holl[4 ,helvella lacunosa1 ,afzel4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus inflat$1 lob$1 c9]e\s1#ahf lobes deflex$1 adnate1 /em fi/ulose1 co/ato-lacunose2 /em :ite or dusky4 ,?is ,helvella is n s common z ! la/1 nei!r is x s sapid4 ,!y bo? gr[ 9 woods & on ! /umps ( old trees4 ,b5discioli places !m1 = flav\r1 be=e ! ,morell1 b ?is is n ! g5]al op9ion ent]ta9$ ( !m4 ,helvella escul5ta1 ,p]s4 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,figs4 #c1 #d1 ,,& #e4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus inflat$1 irregul>1 undulat$1 gyroso-rugose1 ( a ri* d>k-br[n col\r1 m>g9 unit$ ) ! /em2 /em :ite or dusky4 ,9 plantations ( fir & *e/nut adjo9+ ,weybridge ,hea?1 9 ,surrey4 ,x has n yet be5 f\nd else:]e 9 ,brita94 ,,v]pa ,,digitali=mis1 ,p]soon4 ,,peziza ,,acetabulum1 ,l9n4 ,tribe ,,cupulati4 ,^! funguses are v simil> 9 _! prop]ties to ! ,helvell2 t is1 are n to be despis$ :5 "o _c get bett]1 nor to be eat5 :5 "o c4 8,! ,v]pa10 says ,vittad9i1 8?\gh sold 9 ! m>ket1 is only to be recomm5d$ :5 no o!r escul5t fungus (f]s1 :i* is sometimes ! case 9 spr+40 ,! ,peziza acetabulum is utt]ly insipid1 & dep5ds entirely = flav\r ^u ! sauce 9 :i* x is s]v$4 ,z !y are r>e 9 ,engl&1 ,i %all m]ely give ! botanical "* ( ea*4 ,v]pa digitali=mis1 ,p]soon4 ,pileus campanulate1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* high1 m or less closely press$ to ! /em1 b always free1 wr9kl$1 b n reticulat$1 "u side slightly pubesc5t1 sporidia yell[i%1 elliptic1 /em ?ree in*es high1 half an in* ?ick1 equal or slightly att5uat$ d[nw>ds1 loosely /uff$1 by no means holl[1 transv]sely squamulose4#ahg ,season1 spr+4 ,peziza acetabulum1 ,l9n4 ,s]ies ,aleuria1 ,section ,helvella1 ,fries4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,deeply cup-%ap$1 two in*es broad1 "o & a half deep1 ext]nally floccose1 light-umb]1 d>k] )91 m\? puck]$1 t\gh2 /em half to "o in* high1 smoo?1 deeply b irregul>ly co/ato-lacunose1 ribs solid 8bran*+ at ! top & =m+ reticulations on ! outside ( ! cup1 s z to pres5t ! appe>ance ( a clu/] ( pill>s support+ a font or ro(1 ) fret-"w betwe5 !m0 7,b]keley74 ,season1 spr+4 ,,polyporus ,,frondosus1 ,s*rank4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,!re are _m species ( ,polyporus eat5 on ! ,cont95t2 among ! m common k9ds to be m5tion$ are ,p4 frondosus & ,p4 tub]a/]1 ,p]soon1 ,p4 coryl9us1 ,mauri1 ,p4 subsquamosus1 ,p]s41 ,p4 giganteus1 ibid41 ,p4 fom5t>ius1 ibid41 :i* la/ is ! ,amad\1 or ,g]man t9d] fungus4 ,two ( ^! are local2 ! ,p4 tub]a/]1 :i* occurs pr9cipally 9 ! k+dom ( ,naples1 & ! ,p4 coryl9us or t ( ! cob-nut tree1 :i* 7?\gh x might p]haps be cultivat$ else:]e7 is at pres5t re/rict$ to ,rome2 bo? ^! are excell5t = food4 ,z to ! ,polyporus squamosus1 :i* is z common 9 ,engl& z abroad1 9 sub/ance x _c be ma/icat$1 & its express$ juice is exce$+ly disagreeable2 ,i %\ld n ?9k ! ,p4 fom5t>ius1 to judge f its texture1 promis$ mu* bett]2 nor ,p4 giganteus1 ( :i* ! fle% is sometimes s t\gh z to creak "u ! knife4 ,! true ,p4 frondosus is probably r>e 9 ,engl&1 t :i* ,i h met ) & h _h cook$1 )\t be+ able to say mu* 9 its fav\r1 is ! ,p4 intybaceus ( ,fries1 :i* ,mr4 ,b]keley says is di/+ui%$ f ! o!r by hav+ l>g] pores4 ,vittad9i has n includ$ x among ! escul5t funguses 9 8 "w2 ,p]soon does n recomm5d x = weak /oma*s on acc\nt ( its t\ghness4#ahh ,paulet1 inde$1 is ( a diff]5t op9ion1 tell+ u t 9 place ( its be+ heavy = ! /oma*1 he w feel all ! light] :o sups ^u x4 ,! p 9 ! ,vosges seem to h an equal affection = x ) ?is writ]1 giv+ x ! some:at :imsical1 ?\gh really mo/ graphic sobriquets ( ! ,h5-(-!-,woods & ! ,bre$+ ,h5 7,m\geot74 ,pr(essor ,sangu9etti in=ms me t x sells = six or sev5 baioc*i 9 ! ,roman m>ket1 ! f9] specim5s be+ s5t z surprise pres5ts1 8p] m]aviglia10 f poor t5ants to h>d l&lords4 ,bot4 ,*>4 8,pilei v num]\s1 dimidiate1 cond5s$ into a convex tuft f half a foot to a foot broad1 imbricat$1 v>i\sly conflu5t1 irregul>1 at fir/ d[ny1 dusky1 !n smoo?1 livid grey2 disk depress$1 dilat$ above1 f half to "o in* broad1 convex1 ! base conflu5t ) ! comp\nd /em0 7,fries74 ,,clav>ia ,,coralloides1 ,l9n4 ,,plate ,v4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,subg5us ,,o*rosporea1 ,fries4 8,escul5ta deliciosa40--,vitt4 ,all ! funguses ( ?is g5us be+ escul5t1 ent] m or less l>gely into ! supplies ( ! ,italian m>kets4 ,roques describes sev5 species2 ,p]soon five2 ,vittad9i gives a detail$ acc\nt & draw+s ( ?ree1 select+ ^? pr9cipally = ! sup]iority ( _! flav\r ov] ! re/1 & because ( _! great] abundance 9 ! ,milanese di/rict4 ,mr4 ,b]keley1 9 a li/ ) :i* he has fav\r$ me1 enum]ates f\r ,briti% species z escul5t1 ,c4 coralloides1 ,c4 grisea1 ,c4 cri/ata1 & ,c4 rugosa2 z1 h[ev]1 he has no p]sonal exp]i5ce ( any ( ^! z articles ( food1 ,i %all m]ely give ! botanical "* ( ! ,c4 coralloides1 ! mo/ abundant ( all ! species 7= ! excell5t qualities ( :i* ,i c myself v\*71 furni%+ ! read] ) "o or two draw+s ( o!r sorts1 9 fur!r illu/ration ( ?is elegant g5us4 ,clav>ia coralloides4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus erect1 :ite2 /em r ?ick1 bran*es unequal1 elongat$1 mo/ly acute1 pure :ite1 sometimes violet at ! base4 ,mode ( ,dress+4 ,hav+ ?or\ghly cleans$ away ! e>?1 :i* is apt to adh]e to !m1 !y are to be sweat$ ) a little butt]1 ov] a sl[ fire1 aft]w>ds to be /ra9$1 !n 7?r[+ away ! liquor7 to be replac$ to /ew = an h\r1 ) salt1 pepp]1 *opp$ *ives & p>sley1 moi/5+ ) pla9 /ock1 & dr$g+ ) fl\r occasionally4 ,:5 suffici5tly cook$1 to be ?ick5$ ) yolks ( eggs & cream4 ,ano!r ,mode4 ,proce$ z be=e2 aft] sweat+ ! ,clav>ias1 wrap !m 9 bacon & /ew 9 a little bro? season$ ) salt1 pepp]1 p>sley1 & ham2 cook = an h\r1 !n s]ve 9 :ite sauce1 or ) a fricasse ( *ick54 ,n4,b4--,! saucepan %\ld be cov]$ ) a %eet ( pap] "u ! lid1 :i* keeps ! ,clav>ias :ite & also pres]ves _! flav\r4 ,!re c be little d\bt t our woods1 prop]ly explor$1 w\ld be f\nd to ab\nd 9 funguses hi!rto consid]$ r>e1 & ?is w\ld probably be "o ( !m4 ,at pres5t ! weald ( ,k5t1 )9 =ty miles ( ,london1 rema9s1 s f> z ,mycology is conc]n$1 ne>ly z unexplor$ z ! int]ior ( ,africa4 ,plate ,v4 fig4 #b1 repres5ts ,clav>ia ame?y/9a1 ,bull4 ,plate ,v4 fig4 #e1 repres5ts ,c4 c9]ea1 ,bull4 ,plate ,v41 fig4 #f1 repres5ts ,c4 rugosa1 ,bull4 ,,lycop]don ,,plumbeum1 nob4 ,puff-balls4 ,subdivision ,,ga/]omycetes1 ,fries4 ,tribe #c4 ,,tri*osp]mi4 ,family #a4 ,,tri*oga/res4 ,,g5us #a4 ,,lycop]don1 ,t\rnef4 8,il ,licop]do piomb9o uno dei funghi mangiativi pi delicati *e si conoscano4 ,il suo uso presso* g5]ale40--,vitt4 ,all ^! m or less sph]ical :ite funguses furni%$ ) a membranace\s cov]+1 & fill$ :5 "y ) a :ite1 compact1 homog5e\s pulp1 :i* we call ,puff-balls1 are good to eat2 ^? 9 mo/ reque/ = ! table abroad1 & ! be/1 h no /em1 i4 e4 no /]ile base1 b are prolific ?r\gh\t _! :ole sub/ance4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common ( ^! is ! ,lycop]don plumbeum1 ( :i* ! foll[+ excell5t description is *iefly tak5 f ,vittad9i4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,body globose2 :5 full-gr[n ab\t ! size ( a walnut1 inve/$ ) two#ahi tunics1 ! out] "o :ite1 loosely membranace\s & fragile1 sometimes smoo?1 at o!rs furfurace\s2 ! inn]mo/ "o 7p]idium7 v t5aci\s1 smoo?1 ( a grey-lead col\r ext]nally1 int]nally m or less %aggy ) v f9e hairs2 ^! hairs occupy ! :ole cavity1 & 9 ! mid/ ( !m a prodigi\s numb] ( m9ute granul> bodies1 ! sporules 7ea* ( :i* is furni%$ ) a long caudi=m process71 lie entangl$4 ,! :ole plant1 c>efully remov$ f ! e>?1 ) its root /ill adh]+1 is 9 =m n unlike "o ( its own se$s va/ly magnifi$4 ,! ,l4 plumbeum ab\nds 9 dry places1 & is to be f\nd 9 spr+1 summ]1 & autumn1 solit>y or 9 gr\ps4 8,?is10 says ,vittad9i1 8is "o ( our commone/ ,puff-balls1 & aft] ! w>m ra9s ( summ] & ( autumn1 myriads ( ^! little plants sudd5ly spr++ up w (t5 completely cov] a piece ( gr\nd z if !y _h be5 s[n l gra91 = a crop2 if we dig !m up we %all f9d t !y are connect$ ) long fragile ?reads1 ext5d+ horizontally und]gr\nd & giv+ atta*m5t to num]\s small] ,puff-balls 9 diff]5t /ages ( developm5t1 :i*1 by cont9u+ to gr[1 af=d fre% supplies z ! old ones die (f40 ,,lycop]don ,,bovi/a1 ,l9n4 ,subdivision ,,ga/]omycetes1 ,fries4 ,tribe #c4 ,,tri*osp]mi4 ,family #a4 ,,tri*oga/res4 8,vescie buone da frigg]e0 7,tuscan v]nacul> "n74 8,la sua c>ne c&ida compatta si pre/a facilem5te a tutte le speculazioni del cuoco40--,vitt4 ,?is diff]s f ! la/-m5tion$ ,puff-ball 9 _m p>ticul>s2 9 ! fir/ place x is mu* l>g] 7sometimes atta9+ to va/ dim5sions71 its %ape is diff]5t1 be+ t ( an inv]t$ cone2 nev] globul>1 ! fle% also is m compact1 :ile ! membrane :i* holds :at is fir/ ! pulp & aft]w>ds ! se$1 is v ?9 & t5d]2 ! se$1 moreov]1 has no caudal app5dage2 & f9ally1 a consid]able portion ( ! base is /]ile1 9 all :i* additional p>ticul>s x is unlike ! ,lycop]don plumbeum4 ,! plant is sessile1 a purple-black fragile membrane conta9s ! spores1 :i* are also sessile1#aij & ( ! same col\r z ! p]idium4 ,no fungus requires to be eat5 s soon aft] ga!r+ z ?is2 a few h\rs w de/roy ! compactness ( ! fle% & *ange its col\r f delicate-:ite to dirty-yell[2#aia b :5 p]fectly fre% & prop]ly prep>$1 x yields to no o!r 9 dige/ibility4 ,x may be dress$ 9 _m ways1 b ! be/ me?od is to cut x into slices & fry ^! 9 egg & bread-crumbs2 s prep>$1 x has ! flav\r ( a ri*1 light omelette4#aib ,,ag>icus ,,melleus4 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,subg5us #c4 ,,amill>ia4 ,?is is a nause\s1 disagreeable fungus1 h[ev] cook$1 & m]ely f9ds m5tion "h1 z its omission 9 a "w on ! escul5t funguses ( ,engl& might seem /range to ^? unacqua9t$ ) its dem]its2 x is really extraord9>y h[ "s ,cont95tal writ]s1 speak+ f _! own exp]i5ce1 %\ld ev] h recomm5d$ x = ! table4 ,pl9y's g5]al apage aga9/ all funguses really f9ds an application to ?is1 :i* is s repugnant to our notions ( ! sav\ry1 t few w\ld make a second attempt1 or get dang]\sly f> 9 a fir/ di%4 ,n to be poison\s is its only recomm5dation2 = z to ! invit+ epi!t melleus1 or honey$1 by :i* x is designat$1 ?is alludes only to ! col\r1 & by no means to ! ta/e1 :i* is bo? h>% & /yptic4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,9 tufts1 ne> or ^u /umps ( trees1 or po/s4 ,pileus dirty-yell[1 m or less hairy2 /em fibr\s1 v>y+ greatly 9 l5g?1 f "o in* to n9e or t52 enl>g$ above & bel[1 ?9n] 9 ! middle2 r+ ?ick1 spread+1 r\gh or lea!ry2 gills some:at decurr5t1 deep] ?an ! pileus2 spores :ite1 appe>+ l f9e du/ on ! gills4 ,,ag>icus ,,ulm>ius1 ,bull4 ,subg5us ,,pleuropus4 ,subdivision ,,g]it>ia4 8,fungo mangiativo sommam5te ric]cato e di ottima qualit40--,vitt4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,solit>y or connect$ to o!rs by a common root2 ! pileus pres5t+ a dirty-:ite surface1 turn+ aft]w>ds to a pale ru/-col\r1 & sometimes tessellat$2 v>y+ l all p>asitical funguses 9 %ape1 b g5]ally m or less orbicul>2 fle% cont9u\s ) ! /alk1 :ite1 compact2 /alk v ?ick1 solid1 ela/ic1 smoo? t[>ds ! summit1 tom5tose at ! base2 gills ( a yell[i% t9t1 broad1 ?ick1 v5tricose1 em>g9ate1 i4 e4 t]m9at+ ^u ! surface ( ! /em 9 a rec$+ angle2 ! imp]fect gills few2 ta/e & smell agreeable2 spores :ite4 ,?is ,ag>ic :i* takes its "n f ! tree :]e x is mo/ commonly f\nd1 gr[s also1 ?\gh less frequ5tly1 on ! ,popl> & ,bee*4 ,mr4 ,b]keley reports x r>e2 p]haps1 h[ev]1 z x is em95tly local1 x may "h1 z 9 ,italy1 be common 9 "s places ?\gh ( unfrequ5t g5]al occurr5ce4 ,no c\ntry be+ s ri* 9 ,elm-trees z our own1 we %\ld probably f9d ,a4 ulm>ius m (t5 if ! height at :i* x gr[s among ! bran*es did n frequ5tly scre5 x f obs]vation4#aic ,?\gh regi/]$ 9 ! ,flora ( ,tunbridge ,wells1 ,i h n met ) a s+le specim5 ( x ?is autumn4 ,?is ,ag>ic dries well & may be kept 7n1 h[ev]1 )\t los+ "s ( its aroma7 = a long "t )\t spoil+2 ! gills1 aft] a "t1 assume ! same hue z ! pileus4 ,,ag>icus ,,fusipes1 ,bull4 ,subg5us ,,clytocybe4 ,subdivision ,,*ondropodes4 8,il a le mme gt quo le ,*ampignon de ,c\*e1 quoique un peu plus prononc40--,p]soon4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,greg>i\s2 pileus fle%y1 loose1 ( a uni=m br[n col\r1 sometimes m>k$ ) d>k blot*es1 z if burnt2 gills ne>ly free1 s]rat$1 at fir/ dirty-:ite1 aft]w>ds a cle> bi/re2 easily sep>able f ! /alk2 /alk holl[1 v5tricose1 sulcate1 root+1 sp9dle-%ap$1 slightly groov$1 tap]+ at ! base1 sometimes crack$ transv]sely1 v>y+ s+ul>ly bo? 9 l5g? & bread?4 ,?is excell5t fungus is v abundant ?r\gh\t summ] & autumn1 com+ up 9 tufts at ! roots ( old ,oak-trees aft] ra94 ,x may be easily recogniz$ by its peculi> sp9dle-%ap$ /alk4 ,vittad9i does n m5tion x1 nor does its "n occur 9 ! li/ ( escul5t funguses 9 ! ,diz4 di ,m$4 ,class42 not)/&+ :i* ! "y plants make an excell5t pickle2 :ile ! full-gr[n ones may be /ew$ or dress$ 9 any ( ! usual modes adopt$ = ! common mu%room4 ,,ag>icus ,,vag9atus1 ,bull4 ,s]ies #a4 ,,leucosporus4 ,subg5us #a4 ,,amanita4 8,la ,c\c\mle grise 7,ag4 vag47 e/ une des espces les plus dlicates et les plus sres mang]40--,de ,c&olle4 ,bot4 ,*>4 8,m>g9 ( ! pileus sulcate1 gills :ite1 /uff$ ) cottony pi?1 fi/ulose1 att5uat$ upw>ds1 almo/ smoo?2 volva l a %ea?4 ,woods & pa/ures1 ,augu/ & ,octob]2 n uncommon4 ,pileus f\r in*es or m broad1 plane1 slightly depress$ 9 ! c5tre1 sc>cely umbonate1 fle%y1 b n at ! extreme m>g91 :i* is elegantly groov$ 9 consequ5ce1 viscid :5 moi/1 beautifully glossy :5 dry2 epid]mis easily deta*$1 m or less /udd$ ) br[n scales1 ! remnants ( ! volva1 n p]si/5t2 gills free1 v5tricose1 broade/ 9 front1 (t5 imbricat$1 :ite2 sporules :ite1 r\nd2 /em six in*es or m high1 f half to an in* ?ick1 att5uat$ upw>ds1 obtuse at ! base1 furni%$ ) a volva1 ?is adnate bel[ to ! ext5t ( an in*1 ) ! base ( ! /em1 closely surr\nd+ x above z 9 a %ea?1 b ) ! m>g9 sometimes exp&$2 )9 & at ! base m>k$ ) ! groov+s ( ! pileus1 brittle1 s]iceo-squamulose1 sc>cely fibrillose1 b splitt+ ) ease longitud9ally1 holl[1 or r /uff$ ) f9e cottony fibres2 ! v base solid1 n acrid1 insipid4 ,smell sc>cely any4 ,x occurs ( v>i\s col\rs1 ! m g5]al "o is a m\se-grey0 7,b]keley74 ,! p]fect accuracy ( ! above description w /rike e "o famili> ) ?is species4 ,vittad9i speaks ( x z a solit>y fungus1 b ,i h f\nd x on m ?an "o occasion 9 r+s4 ,its fle%1 be+ v delicate & t5d]1 mu/ n be ov]-dress$4 ,:5 prop]ly fri$ 9 butt] or oil1 & z soon aft] ga!r+ z possible1 ! ,ag4 vag9atus w be f\nd inf]ior to b few ,ag>ics 9 its flav\r4 ,,ag>icus ,,violaceus1 ,l9n4 ,subg5us #ah4 ,,inoloma4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus f f\r to six in*es broad1 obtuse1 exp&$1 cov]$ ) s(t hairs1 col\r deep violet2 /em spongy1 grey1 t+$ ) violet1 m9utely d[ny1 ab\t f\r in*es high2 veil fugaci\s1 compos$ ( f9e ?reads2 gills deep violet :5 "y1 b turn+ tawny 9 age2 fle% ?ick1 juicy4 ,?is is a h&some fungus1 n v common1 b pl5tiful :]e x occurs2 x gr[s 9 woods1 p>ticul>ly "u ,p9e & ,fir trees1 & may be dress$ ei!r ) a :ite or a br[n sauce4 ,,ag>icus ,,ca/aneus1 ,bull4 ,subg5us #ai4 ,,d]mocybe4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus slightly fle%y1 convex :5 "y1 at l5g? umbonate1 *e/nut col\r1 f "o to ?ree in*es broad1 glabr\s2 gills r broad1 easily deta*$ f ! /em1 v5tricose1 *ang+ f light-purple to a f]rug9\s hue2 /em r ?91 f "o & a half to ?ree in*es long1 holl[1 silv]y1 light-lilac or :ite2 veil delicate1 compos$ ( floccose ?reads2 9 ta/e1 :5 raw1 x some:at resembles ! ,ag4 oreades1 b x has no smell4 ,?is ,ag>ic may be di/+ui%$ f o!rs by its *e/nut or bi/re col\r2 x is probably n uncommon2 gr[+ all ! summ] & autumn 9 woods1 & "u trees 9 mead[s4 ,mr4 ,b]keley reports x escul5t2 ,i h no exp]i5ce ( x4 ,,ag>icus ,,pip]atus1 ,scop4 ,subg5us #g4 ,,galorrheus4 8,ed v]am5te comme/ibile e saporoso qu&o se ne levi il latte40--,b5discioli4 ,bot4 ,*>4 8,pileus infundibuli=m1 rigid1 smoo?1 :ite2 gills v n>r[1 close2 milk1 & ! solid blunt /em1 :ite4 ,9 woods1 ,july & ,augu/4 ,pileus #c-g in*es broad1 slightly rugulose1 q smoo?1 :ite1 a little cl\d$ ) umb]1 or /a9$ ) yell[ :]e scrat*$ or bruis$1 convex1 m or less depress$1 (t5 q infundibuli=m1 m or less wav$1 fle%y1 ?ick1 firm b brittle2 m>g9 involute at fir/1 sometimes exc5tric1 milk-:ite1 hot4 ,gills g5]ally v n>r[ 7#a_/bj ( an in* broad71 b sometimes mu* broad]1 cream-col\r1 repeat$ly di*otom\s1 v close1 #8l ! tee? ( an ivory comb1' decurr5t f ! %ape ( ! pileus1 :5 bruis$ *ang+ to umb]4 ,/em #a-c in*es high1 #a-b in*es ?ick1 (t5 compress$1 m9utely pru9ose1 solid1 b spongy )91 ! sub/ance break+ up into transv]se cavities40#aid ,?\gh v acrid :5 raw1 x loses its bad qualities entirely by cook+1 & is ext5sively us$ on ! ,cont95t1 prep>$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,x is pres]v$ = w9t] use by dry+ or pickl+ 9 a mixture ( salt & v9eg> 7,b]keley74 ,i h frequ5tly eat5 ?is fungus at ,lucca1 :]e x is v abundant1 b z x resembles ! ,ag4 vell]eus 9 appe>ance1 ) ! prop]ties ( :i* we are unacqua9t$1 too mu* caution _c be ex]cis$ 9 le>n+ to discrim9ate x f ?is & neighb\r+ species4 ,,ag>icus ,,virg9eus1 ,wullf4 ,subg5us #h4 ,,clitocybe4 ,subdivision ,,cam>ophylli4 ,:ite ,field-,ag>ic4 ,bot4 ,*>4 ,pileus f "o to two in*es broad1 m>g9 involute :5 "y1 !n exp&$1 depress$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,gills deep1 connect$ ) ve9s1 sometimes =k$1 broadly adnate1 b break+ away f ! /em z ! pileus becomes depress$4 ,/em six l9es broad at ! top1 tap]+ d[nw>ds1 n m ?an two at ! base2 at fir/ /uff$ ) fibres1 !n holl[1 exc5tric2 ! :ole plant :ite1 ) occasionally a t+e ( p9k4 ,ta/e pleasant1 od\r disagreeable4 ,^! graceful little ,ag>ics gr[ 9 pa/ures1 & are extremely common 9 ! autumn4 ,!y are s small t x requires a great _m ( !m to make a di%1 b z !y occur frequ5tly 9 ! same fields ) puff-balls1 & may be dress$ 9 ! same mann]1 x is n unusual :5 ! supply is sc>ce to s]ve !m toge!r1 ) ! same sauce4 ,! flav\r ( ,ag4 virg9eus is n unlike t ( ,ag4 oreades4 ,,tub] ,,/ivum1 ,vitt4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,p]idium w>ty1 ( a blacki%-br[n col\r1 ! w>ts polygonal & /riate1 fle% trav]s$ by num]\s ve9s2 asci #d-f-spor$2 spores elliptical1 reticulat$4 ,?is plant1 ! common truffle ( our m>kets1 is abundant 9 ,wilt%ire & "s o!r p>ts ( ,engl&1 & probably occurs 9 _m places :]e x escapes obs]vation1 f its subt]ranean habit4 ,,conclusion4 ,italy is n ! c\ntry = ! ,engli% flori/2 he w f9d tw5ty times z _m petals at home4 ,trim p>t]res are n inv5tions ( ! ,s\?2 summ]-h\ses w\ld be no luxuries 9 a climate t nev] kn[s w9t]2 ! only ,cons]vatories t fl\ri% !re are n = fl[]s1 b = music4 ,9 few nor!rn regions is ,flora worse (f = a b\quet ?an at ,rome or ,naples2 reg>d$ m]ely z ! h]ald ( ,spr+ & n appreciat$ = h] own sake1 z soon z %e has wav$ h] w& ov] ! l& & cov]$ x ) ! ,m>* blossoms ( ,crocuses1 ,cyclam5s1 & ,anemones1 h] reign is ov]4 ,all sc5ts are held 9 equal abhorr5ce save ^? ( frank9c5se & g>lic1 = :i* !re seems to be a prescriptive tol]ation2 b e o!r od\r1 fetid or fragrant1 musk#aie or mignonette1 is equally proscrib$2 & an ,italian ,signora w\ld z soon p]mit a ,locu/a to cook = h]1 z a violet to sc5t h] b\doir4 ,to pick wild fl[]s is z dang]\s z x is difficult to f9d cultivat$ ones2 a c\p de soleil or a fev] is easily procur$ by imprud5t exposure be=e sunset1 :ile ! int]val betwe5 t & night is too brief to be employ$ = ! purpose2 b :5 ! season = fl[]s is long pa/1 & ,autumn ) h] fruits is come r\nd aga91 :5 ! /rang] c w&] =? :]e he li/s )\t an umbrella1 he w be able to luxuriate amid/ ! lovely sc5]y1 & to delight himself 9 ! natural hi/ory ( ! di/rict3 ! season ( ! p]iodical ra9s has ceas$2 ! repose ( ! =e/ is no long] tr\bl$ by ! ,p[] ( ! wat]s2 ! m\nta9 ,p9es borne = miles d[n into ! valleys are /r&$ on ! broad %+ly b$ ( ! exhau/$ torr5t2 brok5 bridges are safely repair$2 ! maize is receiv+ ! la/ mell[+ t\*es z x fe/oons ! cottage fronts1 ! prickly *e/nut-pods are beg9n+ to gape & ! br[n *e/nuts to leap out %9+ f _! envelopes2 ! la/ reluctant olive has be5 beat5 f ! b\gh2 ! v9tage has ne>ly ceas$ to ble$2 night fires#aif already beg9 to nick] on ! m\nta9s1 & ! hemp /ubble is daily crackl+ on ! pla94 ,?is is inde$ ! "t = enjoy+ ,italy2 nature has reviv$ aga91 & ) nature1 man4 ,! fev]i% torpor1 ,i _h almo/ v5tur$ to call x ! summ] hyb]nation1 has ceas$ ) ,septemb]1 & ,autumn has come r\nd ) ! vivify+ influ5ce ( a new ,spr+2 !n if we g abroad to w&]1 :e!r our walk be across pla9s or ?r\gh upl& woods1 we %all n /roll a mile )\t /opp+ a hundr$ times to admire :at is to _m ( u a ne>ly new class ( objects :i* h sprung up sudd5ly & n[ beset our pa? on e side4 ,^! are ! ,fungus tribe1 :i* are z beautiful z ! faire/ fl[]s1 & m useful ?an mo/ fruits2 & n[ t but*]s' meat is bad1 t ! beans h become /r+y1 & ! potatoes are hydrat$ by ! ra91 !y appe> ?us opportunely to eke out ! scant9ess ( autumnal l>d]s 9 ! ,s\? & give a fre% ze/ to ! daily repa/4 ,well may _! sudd5 app>ition surprise u1 = n t5 days s9ce ! wat]s 7 all out1 & only ?ree or f\r nights back peals ( ?und] rattl$ aga9/ ! casem5ts & kept ! mo/ det]m9$ sleep]s 9 awful vigil2 & n[--behold ! mead[s by natural magic /udd$ ) c\ntless fairy-r+s ( e diamet]1 =m$ ( su* species z gr[ ^u ! gr\nd1 :ile ! ,*e/nut & ! ,oak are teem+ ) a new class ( fruits t _h no previ\s blossom+1 _m ( :i* h already atta9$ _! full gr[?4 ,we recollect ) gratitude ! objects ( a pursuit1 :i* has accid5tally br\ght u to su* an acqua9tance ) ! div]sities ( ,italian sc5]y z we nev] %\ld h exp]i5c$ )\t x4 ,9 fi%+1 x is n ! fi% we cat*1 :i* alone repays u = our toil2 x is ! w&]+ z ! rivulet w&]s1 8at its own sweet w10 ! ex]cise & ! appetite consequ5t ^u x1 ! prize 9 natural hi/ory1 ! recit+ al\d1 or reflect+ z we walk1 & :5 x is pleasantly w>m ! 8molles sub arbore somni10 :i* console u = ! lack ( sport4 ,on ! same pr9ciple1 mu%room-hunt+ may be recomm5d$ to ! "y naturali/ n only = ! beauty ( ! objects :i* he is sure to come ^u 7if he d b hunt at ! "r season71 b also because 9 t mo/ beautiful ( mon?s1 :e!r at home or abroad1 x br+s ! w&]] out ( beat5 pa?s to fall 9 ) _m /rik+ views :i* he w\ld n o!rwise h explor$4 ,! extremely limit$ "t dur+ :i* funguses are to be f\nd1 _! fragility1 _! inf9ite div]sity1 _! ephem]al exi/5ce1 ^!1 too1 add to ! int]e/ ( an autumnal walk 9 que/ ( !m4 ,at ,lucca1 leav+ idl5ess & indige/ion 9 b$1 j z ! sun 0 beg9n+ to %oot 8 fir/ rays on ! :ite conv5ts & ! spires ( ! village *ur*es on ! m\nta9s1 mak+ morn+ above1 :ile ! deep valley b5ea? 0 /ill 9 twilight1 x 0 pleasant to pass ! little op5+ c(fee-h\se ) its two or ?ree c&idates = e>ly breakfa/1 & cross+ ! noiseless tr\t-/ream ov] ! little bridge1 to ent] "o ( ^? old *e/nut-=e/s & beg9 clamb]+ up ! ladd]y pa?way1 to rea* ! summit j z he p\r$ 8 full effulg5ce on ! magnific5t rival ( ! ,luc*ese & ,mod5ese t]ritories4 ,pleasant1 too1 0 x on ! road ,romew>d1 paus+ a few days to enjoy ! exquisite sc5]y ab\t ,spoleto1 to climb ! /eep /reets to ! ca!dral1 & !nce1 pass+ ! giddy viaduct sev]al hundr$ feet above ! :ite rav9e :i* x trav]ses1 to issue ^u ^? ,nursian ,hills !n fragrant ) ! brea? ( morn+1 8le beau mat9 qui sort humide et ple10 & ) ! sc5t ( sweet h]bs2 b above all o!r hills r5[n$ = ! fragrance ( ^? ev]-reproductive m9es ( coal-black subt]ranean truffles6 ,x is a pleasant remembrance to h pluck$ ! crimson ,amanite1 t m9i/]$ to a ,cs>'s decease1 9 ! v neighb\rhood ( ! ,palat9e ,hill2 to h collect$ mu%rooms amid/ ! mead[s ( ,horace's f>m1 :]e he tells u !y grew be/2 & to h wat*$ along ! moi/ pa/ures ( ! ,crem]a a /& ( ! /ately ,ag4 proc]us nodd+ ^u _! /alks2 or1 /&+ on ! heights above ,sorr5to1 j z ! sett+ sun fla%$ ^u ! wat]s ( ! bay ere !y engulf$ him1 & left u to 8 si/] ! ev5+ />1 to h come ^u t wond]ful ,polyporus tub]a/] ^: matrix is ! h>d /one1 f :i* x d]ives /r5g? & luxuriance z if f a s(t & g5ial soil4 ,b n only 9 ,italy1 9 our own c\ntry also1 ! ,collector 9 ,mycology w h to trav]se mu* beautiful & div]sifi$ sc5]y2 amid woods1 gre5sw>ds1 w9d+ lanes1 ri* mead[s1 heal?y commons1 op5 d[ns1 ! nodd+ hop-grove & ! m\nta9 %eep-pa?2 & all %one ^u by an autumnal sunset1--z comp>$ ) ,s\!rn climes 8obscurely bright10 & unprec$$ by t beautiful rosy t9t :i* ba!s ! :ole l&scape 9 ,italy1 b ) a f> f9] backgr\nd ( cl\ds to reflect its dep>t$ glories3 & ?r\gh\t all ?is range ( sc5]y he w nev] hunt 9 va92 indulg5t gamekeep]s1 made aw>e ( :at he is poa*+1 may w>n him t he is n collect+ mu%rooms1 b w nev] w>n him (f f ! be/-kept pres]ves4 ,9 su* rambles he w see1 :at ,i h ?is autumn 7#ahdg7 myself witness$1 :ole hundr$weights ( ri* :olesome diet rott+ "u ! trees2 woods teem+ ) food & n "o h& to ga!r x2 & ?is1 p]haps1 9 ! mid/ ( potato blight1 pov]ty & all mann] ( privations1 & public pray]s aga9/ imm95t fam9e4 ,i h inde$ griev$1 :5 ,i reflect$ on ! /rait5$ condition ( ! l[] ord]s ?is ye>1 to see p\nds innum]able ( extempore beef-/eaks gr[+ on our oaks 9 ! %ape ( ,fi/ul9a hepatica2 ,ag4 fusipes to pickle1 9 clu/]s "u !m2 ,puff-balls1 :i* "s ( our fri5ds h n inaptly comp>$ to sweet-bread = ! ri* delicacy ( _! unassi/$ flav\r2 ,hydna z good z oy/]s1 :i* !y some:at resemble 9 ta/e2 ,ag>icus deliciosus1 rem9d+ u ( t5d] lamb-kidneys2 ! beautiful yell[ ,*ant>elle1 t kalon kaga?on ( diet1 gr[+ by ! bu%el1 & no basket b our own to pick up a few specim5s 9 our way2 ! sweet nutty-flav\r$ ,boletus1 9 va9 call+ himself edulis :]e !re 0 none to believe him2 ! da9ty ,orcella2 ! ,ag4 het]ophyllus1 :i* ta/es l ! craw-fi% :5 grill$2 ! ,ag4 rub] & ,ag4 viresc5s1 to cook 9 any way1 & equally good 9 all2--^! 7 among ! mo/ conspicu\s ( ! tr\vailles4 ,b t ! read] may "k all he is likely to f9d 9 "o s+le autumn1 let him glance at ! catalogue bel[4#aig ,he may at fir/ al>m 8 fri5ds' cooks1 b _! fe>s w1 ,i promise him1 soon be appeas$1 aft] "o or two trials ( ?is new class ( vi&s1 & he w n long pass ei!r = a conjuror or some?+ worse1 9 giv+ directions to /ew toad/ools4 ,z soon z he is initiat$ 9 ?is class ( da9ties1 he w1 ,i am p]suad$1 lose no "t 9 mak+ ! discov]y kn[n to ! poor ( ! neighb\rhood2 :ile 9 s do+ he w r5d] an important s]vice to ! c\ntry at l>ge1 by in/ruct+ ! indig5t & ignorant 9 ! *oice ( an ample1 :olesome1 & excell5t article1 :i* !y may conv]t into money1 or consume at _! own tables1 :5 prop]ly prep>$1 ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,,note ,,on ,,! ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,! ,,spores ,,9 ,,hym5omycet\s ,,funguses4 ,on ! au?ority ( ,l9k1 ,fries1 ,vittad9i1 & o!r ,cont95tal mycologi/s1 ,i h1 9 speak+ ( ! spores ( ! g5]a ,ag>icus1 ,boletus1 ,can?>ellus1 ,hydnum1 & ,clav>ia1 repres5t$ !m z enclos$ 9 cases 7!c or sporanges74 ,b f an int]e/+ memoir1 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,b]keley 9 ! #8,annals ( ,natural ,hi/ory1' 8,on ! ,fructification ( ! ,pileate & ,clavate tribes ( ,hym5omycet\s ,fungi10 :i* ,i _h n !n p]us$1 x w\ld appe> t ?is arrangem5t only holds good ) respect to ,pezizas1 ,helvellas1 & ,morels1 & n ) respect to ! above-m5tion$ g5]a1 ! spores ( :i* are atta*$ 7g5]ally 9 a quat]n>y & /> =m7 to ! ends ( tubes1 to :i* ,mr4 ,b]keley has giv5 ! "n ( sporophores2 a disposition :i*1 z he obs]ves1 _h be5 long ago po9t$ out by ! great ,flor5t9e mycologi/1 ,mi*eli4 ,m4 ,montagne1 9 8 #8,re*]*es ,anatomiques et ,physiologiques sur l',hym5ium1' :ile he confirms ! fact ( a quat]n>y disposition ( ! spores 9 g5]al1 ?9ks t dur+ ! fir/ /age ( _! developm5t !y are lodg$ )9 ! sporif]\s tubes1 to ! m\?s ( :i* !y aft]w>ds adh]e by means ( %ort spicul or bran*lets4 ,^!1 l all o!r que/ions connect$ ) ! m9ute reproductive granules ( funguses1 require = _! solution n only ! mo/ dext]\s manipulation & ! aid ( ! f9e/ mod]n microscopes1 b are likely ev5 !n to ex]cise ! +5uity ( ! curi\s4 ,,footnotes #a ,! ^w se$ "h1 or :]ev] else introduc$ into ! pres5t "w1 is to be und]/ood 9 its popul> acceptation2 correctly speak+1 spores diff] f se$s 9 ! abs5ce ( an app>5t embryo2 b 9 a m ca?olic s5se spores are se$s1 s9ce bo? are g]m9at+ granules1 produc+ ea* aft] _! k9d4 #b ,at f tw5ty to ?irty baioc*i1 i4 e4 at ab\t #a s4 #c d4 a p\nd4 #c ,! population ( ,rome is only #aed1jjj2 t ( ,naples1 #cfj1jjj2 & t ( ,v5ice1 #ahj1jjj4 #d ,! ,*9ese pres5t a /rik+ contra/ ) ourselves 9 ! c>e :i* !y be/[ on _! escul5t vegetation4 8,"s days s9ce1 ,m4 ,/anislas ,juli5 pres5t$ to ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 at ,p>is1 a ,*9ese "w1 :i* m]its a ^w or two ( notice 9 ! pres5t circum/ances ( agricultural ,europe4 ,x is a treatise1 9 six volumes1 ) plates1 entitl$ #8,! ,anti-,fam9e ,h]bal2' & conta9s ! descriptions & repres5tations ( f\r hundr$ & f\rte5 diff]5t plants1 ^: leaves1 r9ds1 /alks1 or roots are fitt$ to furni% food = ! p1 :5 dr\ght1 ravages ( locu/s1 or ! ov]fl[ ( ! great riv]s h occasion$ a failure ( rice & gra94 ,( ?is book ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t annually pr9ts ?\s&s1 & di/ributes !m gratuit\sly 9 ^? di/ricts :i* are mo/ expos$ to natural calamities4 ,su* an in/ance ( provid5t solicitude on ! "p ( ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t = ! suff]+ classes may be sugge/ive "h at home4 ,a m g5]al k ( ! prop]ties & capabilities ( escul5t plants w\ld be an important bran* ( popul> education40--,a!num1 ,nov4 #af1 #ahdf4 #e ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( escul5t funguses 9 ,italy to :i* ! epi!t albus might apply1 viz4 ! ,amanita alba1 ( ,p]soon1 ! ,lycop]don ,bovi/a1 ,l9n4 7or common puff-ball71 & ,ag>icus campe/ris1 ,l9n4 7our common mu%room74 ,! fir/ k9d gr[s 9 woods1 & ! second 9 dry uncultivat$ spots1 :]eas ,ovid m5tions ^! 9 conjunction ) ! ,mall[ 7,malva71 :i* gr[s 9 moi/ mead[-l&2 x is probable1 !re=e1 t he "h alludes to ! ,pratajolo1 or mead[ mu%room1 or to t v>iety ( x call$ f its :it5ess 8b\le de neige40 #f ,etymol4 ad locum4 #g ,well-f$ dome/ic pigs1 on ! au?ority ( a fri5d1 refuse x2 b possibly1 9 ! abs5ce ( full supplies ( corn1 !y might be less da9ty4 #h ,vittad9i assures u t ! 8slips ( dri$ boletus1 sold on /r+s1 are z frequ5tly f ^! k9ds z f ! ,boletus edulis itself2 not)/&+ :i*1 no accid5t 0 ev] kn[n to happ5 f ! indiscrim9ate use ( ei!r40 #i ,dioscorides1 :o liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,n]o1 says t pigs dig up 8truffles0 9 spr+4 ,mat?iolus1 9 8 comm5t>ies1 speaks ( an inf]ior1 smoo?-b>k$1 r$ truffle kn[n to ! anci5ts1 to :i* ! above rem>k ( ,dioscorides p]haps applies2 c]ta9ly x does n apply to ! black truffle1 :i* beg9s to come into ! ,roman m>ket 9 ,novemb]1 & is ov] long be=e ! spr+4 #aj ,! ,?racians are said to h int5d$ ?is same misy "u ! new epi!t ( 1 z ?\gh x 7 produc$ by ?und]1 unless inde$1 z 9 ,!oph4 lib4 i4 cap4 ix41 we %\ld read 1 9 :i* case !y meant ! ,lycop]don giganteum1 a fungus frequ5tly z big z1 & 9 ! =m (1 ! human head3 :5ce its "n ( cranium4 #aa ,:oev] has "t to wa/e on ! unpr(itable speculations ( ! anci5ts conc]n+ ! p>5tage ( funguses1 & w\ld l s to wa/e x1 may consult ,pl9y1 lib4 xvi4 cap4 #h1 lib4 xxii4 cap4 #bc2 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,dioscorides1 lib4 iii4 cap4 #gh2 ,a!nu1 lib4 ii4 9 ! ,deipnosophi/i2 & aft] !m ,gal51 ,clusius1 ,port 7,vill1 lib4 x471 ,imp]ato 7,hi/4 ,nat471 etc4 ,! fir/ really philosophical treatise :i* ascribes _! orig91 l t ( o!r plants1 to se$s1 0 publi%$ by ,mi*eli1 at ,flor5ce1 9 #agbj4 #ab ,roques4 #ac ,vittad9i4 #ad #8,trattati dei ,funghi4' ,roma1 #ahjd4 #ae ,h n bo? ! words ,tode & ! /ool call$ aft] him "s etymological1 z !y h und\bt$ly a fanciful1 connection ) ! ^w tod1 dea?8 #af ,juv5al4 #ag ,few m9ute objects are m beautiful ?an c]ta9 ( ^! muc$9\s fungi fungorum4 ,a common "o besets ! back ( "s ( ! ,russul 9 decay1 spread+ ov] x1 especially if ! wea!r be moi/1 l ?9 flocks ( light wool1 pres5t+ on ! second day a blui% t9t on ! surface4 ,"u a p[]ful magnifi]1 myriads ( little glasslike /alks are br\ght into view1 :i* bifurcate aga9 & aga91 ea* ultimate twig end+ 9 a semiluc5t head1 or button1 at fir/ blue1 & aft]w>ds black2 :i*1 :5 x comes to bur/1 scatt]s ! spores1 :i* are !n 7"u ! microscope7 se5 adh]+ to ! sides ( ! delicate filam5t>y /alks l s _m m9ute limpets4 #ah ,vide ! ,london ,docks1 passim2 :]e he pays 8 unwelcome visits1 & is 9 ev5 worse od\r ?an ! exciseman4 #ai 8,sir ,joseph ,banks hav+ a cask ( w9e1 r too sweet = imm$iate use1 he direct$ t x %\ld be plac$ 9 a cell>1 t ! sac*>9e x conta9$ might be m decompos$ by age2 at ! end ( ?ree ye>s he direct$ 8 butl] to asc]ta9 ! /ate ( ! w9e1 :51 on attempt+ to op5 ! cell>-door1 he c\ld n effect x1 9 consequ5ce ( "s p[]ful ob/acle2 ! door 0 consequ5tly cut d[n1 :5 ! cell> 0 f\nd to be completely fill$ ) a fung\s production1 s firm1 t x 0 necess>y to use an axe = its removal4 ,?is appe>$ to h gr[n f1 or to h be5 n\ri%$ by1 ! decompos+ p>ticles ( ! w9e1 ! cask be+ empty1 & c>ri$ up to ! ceil+1 :]e x 0 support$ by ! fungus40--,*amb]s's ,j\rnal4 #bj ,)]+ f\nd "o ( ^! plants on ! top ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral2 ! fir/ he _h se56 #ba ,spor5donema ,musc4 #bb 8,:5 heal?y cat]pill>s are plac$ )9 rea* ( a silkworm t has be5 de/roy$ by ! ,botrytis1 !y1 too1 contract ! disease1 & at la/ p]i%40--,*amb]s's ,j\rnal1 ,octob]1 #ahde4 #bc ,a species ( ,poly/rix is affect$1 :il/ alive1 ) a p>asitic k9d ( fungus1 call$ ,sphria1 :i* gr[s out ( x1 & fe$s ^u x4 #bd ,sev]al ( ! ,fr5* surgeons h giv5 recitals ( cases :]e1 on removal ( ! b&ages f sore surfaces1 !y h f\nd a collection ( funguses gr[+ ^u !m1 g5]ally ab\t ! size ( ! f+] 7,lem]y72 "o ( !m adds1 t hav+ reappli$ ! wrapp+s1 a second bat* came out 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & ?is = sev]al days consecutively4 #be ,= an accurate description ( ^! funguses1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! excell5t "w ( ,mr4 ,b]keley4 #bf ,^!1 beautiful1 b fleet+ z beauty's blu%1 g5]ally p]i% )9 a few h\rs2 b ,i h se5 "s :i*1 aft] a pott+ ( #bjjj ye>s1 reta9$ _! orig9al hues unblemi%$1 = !y _h be5 pott$ ) ! t[n ( ,pompeii1 & are pres]v$ ) ! o!r frescoes ^u its walls4 #bg ,! ,mitrati are n a v num]\s class1 ( :i* ! ,morel may be tak5 z ! type4 #bh ,! ,cupulati1 s call$ 9 consequ5ce4 #bi ,a4 pip]atus4 #cj ,a4 proc]us4 #ca ,ag>icus comatus1 9 allusion no d\bt to :i* ,plautus says ( ! ,"l ,*ancellor ( 8 day1 8,fung9o g5]e e/1 capiti se totum tegit10--t 8 wig 0 s long z to hide 8 :ole p]son4 #cb ,! ,nidul>ias d s4 #cc ,! surface is r\gh ) elevat$ papill1 ! /ructure fibr\s1 ! fle% s(tly ela/ic1 ! col\r bright r$1 look+ l ! tongue 9 ! wor/ =ms ( ga/ro-ent]ite1 ) :i* its cold clammy surface :5 t\*$ (f]s no correspond5ce4 #cd ,a4 micaceus4 #ce ,?ore4 #cf ,ag>icus n>coticus1 ,bats*1 ,fascic4 vol4 ii4 pl4 #ha4 #cg ,a4 alliaceus4 #ch ,a4 c9namomeus4 #ci ,fries4 #dj ,bolton4 #da ,p]soon4 #db ,mi*eli4 #dc ,^! la/1 plac$ 9 a w9eglass1 ov] a %eet ( :ite pap]1 frequ5tly disp]se ! sem9al du/ ov] a r+ ( twice ! natural dim5sions ( ! ,ag>ic4 #dd 8,"o d>k night1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,decemb]1 :ile pass+ along ! /reets ( ! ,villa de ,natividade1 ,i obs]v$ "s boys amus+ !mselves ) "s lum9\s object1 :i* ,i at fir/ suppos$ to be a k9d ( l>ge fire-fly2 b1 on mak+ inquiry1 ,i f\nd x to be a beautiful phosphoresc5t fungus1 belong+ to ! g5us ,ag>icus1 & 0 told t x grew abundantly 9 ! neighb\rhood1 on ! decay+ leaves ( a dw>f palm4 ,next day ,i obta9$ a great _m specim5s1 & f\nd !m to v>y f "o to two & a half in*es across4 ,! :ole plant gives out at night a bright phosphoresc5t light1 ( a pale gre5i% hue1 simil> to t emitt$ by ! l>g] fire-flies1 or by ^? curi\s1 s(t-bodi$1 m>9e animals1 ! ,pyrosom2 f ?is circum/ance1 & f gr[+ on a palm1 x is call$ by ! inhabitants #8,flor d ,coco2' ! light giv5 out by a few ( ^! fungi 9 a d>k room1 0 suffici5t to read by4 ,x prov$ to be q a new species1 &1 s9ce my return f ,brazil1 has be5 describ$ by ! ,rev4 ,m4 ,j4 ,b]keley "u ! "n ( ,ag>icus ,g>dn]i1 f pres]v$ specim5s :i* ,i br\ght home40--,travels 9 ! ,int]ior ( ,brazil1 #ahdf4 #de ,h5ce x 0 call$ 7vide ,!oph4 ,lib4 vol4 i4 cap4 #i7 by ! anci5ts4 ,cesalp9us describes x "u ! "n ( ,peziza1 & reports t x is common 9 ! woods ( ,pisa1 :5ce m5 ga!r to eat !m4 ,we read also1 9 an anci5t ,italian writ] 7,cic9elli71 t ! environs ( ,padua produce enorm\s puff-balls1 ( :i* "o 7unless ?is au?or 0 giv5 to puff+7 measur$ n less ?an two feet across1 9 "o direction1 be+ upw>ds ( a foot & a half 9 its lea/ diamet]4 ,x 0 big en\gh1 he says1 to h writt5 on its r9d ! celebrat$ inscription attribut$ by ,dion ,cassius to ! ,dacians1 :i* !y pres5t$ to ! ,emp]or1 89 quo scriptum erat ,lat9is lit]is ,burros sociosque omnes eum hort>i ut domum rev]t]etur pacemque col]et40 ,o!r au?ors also 7,alph4 de ,tub]ibus1--n truffles1 b puff-balls1--cap4 xvii42 ,imp]ato1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,hol4 vol4 xxvii4 cap4 #e7 speak ( puff-balls ( sixty & "o hundr$ p\nds weight4 #df ,hi/4 ,plant4 vol4 ii4 p4 #bge4 #dg ,vill1 ,lib4 vol4 x4 cap4 #hj4 #dh ,by ?is ^w1 h[ev]1 ! vulg> g5]ally und]/ood ! ,can?>ellus cib>ius4 #di ,?is species1 :i* is some:at r>e 9 ,engl&1 occurr$ 9 abundance ?is ye> 7#ahdg7 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,tunbridge ,wells4 ,i f\nd f\r specim5s ( x on ! oak-roots 9 ! ,grove1 "o ( :i* rose ne>ly a foot f ! gr\nd1 measur$ consid]ably m ?an two & a half feet across1 & weigh$ f eighte5 to tw5ty p\nds2 ! o!r specim5s 7 ( mu* small] dim5sions4 #ej ,rob]t ,scott1 ,act4 ,l9n4 ,soc4 vol4 viii4 p4 #bjb4 #ea ,dufresnoy4 #eb ,roques4 #ec ,amad\ is l>gely us$ 9 ,italy1 :]e x is call$ esca2 ! ,lat9s likewise knew x by ?is "n1 ?\gh _! m common appellation = x 0 fomes2 ! ,byzant9e ,greeks hell5iciz$ esca into 1 :i* 0 _! ^w = x2 ! anci5t ,greeks call$ x 4 ,salmasius tells u h[ x us$ to be made 9 8 "t1 :i* inde$ 0 ! same z n[3 ! fungus 0 fir/ boil$1 !n beat5 to pieces 9 a mort>1 next hamm]$ out to deprive x ( its woody fibres1 & la/ly1 be+ /eep$ 9 a /rong solution ( nitre1 0 left to dry 9 ! sun4 ,x appe>s1 on ! te/imony ( ! anonym\s au?or ( ! article 8,fungo0 9 ! #8,dizion>io ,classico di ,m$ic9a1' t x is also eat5 :5 "y2 b ,i _c speak ( x f p]sonal exp]i5ce3--8,9 prima et mangiasi colto di fresco affettato e condito d'ogni modo2 specialm5te nelle prov9cie di ,belluno ed ,ud9e1 o salasi p] la quadragesima40 #ed 8,di que/o fungo s]vavanos5e i b>bi]i 9 cambio delle /rugghie dette pi volg>em5te codette1 atte a f> ripr5d]e il p]duto filo a loro rasoi40 #ee 8,?is is ! #8,m\*o m' ( ! ,russians1 ,kamt*adales1 & ,koriaks1 :o use x = intoxication2 !y sometimes eat x dry1 b m commonly imm]s$ 9 a liquor made f ! ,epilobium1 & :5 !y dr9k ?is liquor1 !y are seiz$ ) convulsions 9 all _! limbs1 foll[$ ) t k9d ( rav+ :i* accompanies a burn+ fev]4 ,!y p]sonify ?is mu%room1 &1 if !y are urg$ by its effects to suicide1 or any o!r dreadful crime1 !y pret5d to obey its comm&s2 to fit !mselves = prem$itat$ assass9ation !y recur to ! use ( ! ,m\*o m40--,rees's ,cyclopdia1 art4 8,ag>ic40 #ef ,9 su* cases ! m9ute fungus is probably absorb$ 9 ovo & dissem9at$ ) ! sap ?r\gh ! plant2 z ?is asc5ds f ! root1 x rema9s undevelop$ h[ev] till ! corn is 9 e>1 at :i* "t x f9ds 9 ! nasc5t gra9 ! necess>y conditions = its own developm5t4 #eg ,! mis*ief ?us produc$ by dry-rot may be arre/$ by /eep+ ! affect$ timb] 9 a solution ( corrosive sublimate1 :i*1 =m+ a *emical union ) ! juices ( ! woody fibre1 prev5ts _! be+ ab/ract$ by ! dry-rot1 t w\ld else h ma9ta9$ itself & spread at _! exp5se4 #eh ,a reputation t revives may n be s good z "o t survives1 b ! v fact ( su* revival %[s t ! good op9ion =m]ly ent]ta9$ 0 n altoge!r gr\ndless4 #ei ,ensl9 0 9 ! habit ( unit+ ?is ,polyporus ) ,p]uvian ,b>k1 & obta9$ f x ! happie/ results3 8,omnium mihi arridet connubium ejus cum cortice ,p]uviano0--to :i* 8connubium10 no d\bt1 "s ( its good effects are to be attribut$4 #fj ,hall] relates1 t ! inhabitants ( ,pi$mont are 9 ! habit ( swall[+ a small piece ( ?is ,ag>ic1 :5 !y h drunk ) _! wat] "s ( ^? small lee*es 9 :i* x ab\nds4 ,bom>e m5tions ( ?is same ,ag>ic1 t ! inhabitants ( ,balcu use x 9 p[d] to heal bla9s 9 _! cattle4 #fa ,hunt]4 #fb ,x is ! ,fr5*man's he>t6 8,j'ai mal au cur0 means1 z e "o kn[s1 9 ! ,fr5* tongue1 n #8,i am sick at he>t1' z x pr(esses to say1 b #8,i am sick at /oma*'6 #fc ,walpole4 #fd ,! phrase 8,i l x1 b x does n l me10 :i* "o sometimes he>s at table1 hav+ a ref]5ce to "s p>ticul> idiosyncrasy ( ! p>ty :o makes ! rem>k1 does n invalidate ! tru? ( ?is g5]al proposition4 #fe ,pope4 ,mead1 if anybody1 ought to h be5 good au?ority on ! subject ( ?is p>ticul> diet4 ,he _h writt51 ex pr(esso1 ^u poisons2 & ! ,flor5t9e mycologi/ ,mi*eli _h d$icat$ sev]al newly-discov]$ funguses to him4 ,he 0 !re=e bo? a ,toxicologi/ & a ,mycologi/4 #ff 8,no ?\ght too bold1 no airy dream too light1 ,t w n prompt y\r ,!ori/ to write2 ,no fact s /ubborn1 & no pro( s /rong1 ,w e'er conv9ce him he c\ld argue wrong40--,crabbe4 #fg ,br\ssais divides inflammatory dyspepsia into five p>ts or acts4 ,t ,lea* ( lee*es1 ^: ^w once pass$ = m ?an x 0 wor?1 came at la/ to see himself & 8 sangsues utt]ly ab&on$1 & to h ! mortification ( lectur+ 9 8 old age to empty b5*es4 8,quantum mutatus ab illo0 ( less ?an tw5ty ye>s be=e1 & :o _h be5 ! cause ( z mu* innoc5t blood%$d+ z ,napoleon himself1 & us$ to kill 8 pati5ts t 8 lee*es might be f$6 #fh 8,fungus qualiscunque sit semp] malignus40--,kirk]1 ,lib4 de ,pe/4 #fi 8,apage ergo p]niciosa i/hc gul bl&im5ta40 #gj 8,quot colores tot dolores1 quot species tot p]nicies40 #ga ,m4 ,roques gives at ! end ( 8 treatise on funguses a long li/ ( 8 mycophil\s fri5ds1 includ+ 9 ! numb] _m ( ! mo/ em95t m$ical m5 ( ! ,fr5* capital--if m$ical m5 are m c>eful ( :at !y eat ?an _! neighb\rs1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is exce$+ly d\btful4 #gb 8,to eat raw mu%rooms0 0 a prov]bial expression among ! ,greeks1 z is %[n by ! passage :i* ,a!nu quotes out ( a play ( ,antiphanes1 call$ ! #8,prov]bs'3-- 1 ' 4 #gc ,^? :o !mselves "k bett]1 smile to read su* passages z ! foll[+1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 old ,g]>d's #8,h]bal'3--8,gal5 affirms t !y 7i4 e4 funguses7 are all v cold & moi/1 & !re=e d approa* unto a v5om\s & mo!r+ facultie1 & eng5d] a clammy & pituit\s nutrim5t2 if eat51 !re=e1 ,i give my advice unto ^? t love su* /range & new-fangl$ meates1 to bew>e ( lick+ honey among ?orns1 le/ ! sweetnesse ( ! "o d n c\nt]vaille ! %>pnesse & prick+ ( ! o!r40 #gd ,a life ( lab\r1 no d\bt1 w make ! sorrie/ f>e sit m lightly on ! heal?y /oma*1 ?an ! mo/ da9ty vi&s :i* h be5 receiv$ into an organ t is weak5$ & goad$ by a life ( dissipation & excess2 b ?is does n prove sorry f>e to be m :olesome ?an t ( a ri*] k9d4 ,no6 ,dyspepsia is a disease ( ! ri*2 n because !y live ^u ! fat ( ! l&1 b pla9ly because !y indulge 9 too l>ge a quantity at a meal4 ,let ! peasant & ! "l *ange places = a week2 place ! heal?y ru/ic at ! ri* man's table1 & ,dives aga9 at ! o!r bo>d1 :at w\ld be ! results to bo?8 ,w\ld n ! poor man1 ?9k y1 f9d indige/ion 9 ragot1 fricassees1 truffles1 ) light w9e ad libitum to dr9k ) !m8 & w\ld n ! ri* man f9d t ! fat pork & h>d be] 7 worse poison ?an any ( ! made-di%es1 aga9/ :i* he has be5 s lavi% 9 8 blame8 ,9 g5]al1 no d\bt1 to be 8! happie/ ( mortals--to dige/ well0 7,voltaire71 m5 %\ld look m to ! quantum & less to ! quale ( :at !y eat2 b !y %\ld pay "s att5tion to ?is too4 #ge 4 44 4 #aj4 #gf ,t ,i did n always hold su* an op9ion z ! above1 to :i* ,i h s9ce giv5 9 my adhesion1 ! foll[+ ode to ,eupepsia1 writt5 9 ! days ( !oretical inexp]i5ce1 w suffici5tly te/ify4 ,i am n[ conv9c$ t ,hippocrates 0 "r6-- ,happy ! man ^: prud5t c>e ,pla9 boil$ & roa/ discreetly b\nd2 ,cont5t to fe$ on homely f>e1 ,on ,briti% gr\nd6 ,s\nd sleep r5\nces sug>$ peas6-- ,no nightm>es haunt ! mode/ ration ,( t5d] /eak1 t yields ) ease ,to ma/ication6 ,f /ews & /eams t r\nd !m play1 ,h[ _m a tempt+ di% w\ld floor u1 ,_h nature made no toll to pay ,at ! pylorus6 ,he d9es unsca!d1 :o d9es alone6 ,or %uns abroad ^? corn] di%es2 ,no ,roman g>lics make him groan1 ,nor matelotte fi%es4 ,!n let n ,vrey's trea*]\s skill1 ,nor ,vf\r's1 try ?y peptic =ces2 ,"o comes to swall[ _m a pill ,:]e _m a c\rse is6 ,) mu%room$ di%es cease to /rive2 ,nor = t truffl$ crime inquire1 ,:i* nails ! hapless goose alive1 ,at ,/rasburg's fire4 #gg ,heb]d5 wisely left x to 8 pati5ts1 except 9 acute cases ( disease or :5 !y 7 gluttons1 8to eat :at pleas$ !m1 f9d+ t _m app>5tly unfit sub/ances0 7:i* funguses are n7 8agre$ ) ! /oma* m]ely because !y 7 suitable to its feel+s40 ,:y quote ,ab]ne?y8--b t good s5se1 back$ by p]sonal exp]i5ce 9 su* matt]s1 are always wor? quot+--:o says1 8,no?+ hurts me t ,i eat ) appetite & delight20 or ,)]s1 unless = a l reason1 :o is 8( op9ion t ! in/9ct ( ! palate1 n misguid$ by preconceiv$ op9ion1 may be satisfi$1 n only ) impunity1 b ev5 ) advantage40 ,x is ! rule by :i* ! brute creation is taught to %un its poison & to *oose its food3 to a consid]able ext5t1 x %\ld be ours also4 #gh ,roques1 #8,trait sur les ,*ampignons4' #gi s*9es4 #hj 8,prat5sibus optima fungis ,natura e/40--,horace4 #ha ,locality has a great effect ^u almo/ all t we eat3 our v mutton v>ies 9 diff]5t c\nties2 comp>e ! t[n-br$ gutt]-f$ p\ltry ( ,london ) t ( tw5ty miles ar\nd2 fi% v>y1 ! t5* out ( diff]5t ponds are diff]5t2 fruits v>y ) ! soil2 are potatoes ev]y:]e ! same8 #hb ,p]sons h fanci$ !mselves poison$ :5 !y 7 n2 indige/ion produc$ by mu%rooms is look$ ^u ) fe> & suspicion1 & if a m$ical man be call$ 91 ! /oma*-pump us$1 & relief obta9$1 no?+ w p]suade ei!r pati5t or practition] t ?is has n be5 a case ( poison+4 8,y h sav$ my life10 says ! "o4 8,i ?9k y w n be p]suad$ to eat any m mu%rooms = "s "t10 says ! o!r3 & s !y "p1 ea* "u ! impression t he kn[s m ab\t mu%rooms ?an anybody else c tell him4 #hc ,x gr[s n only ?r\gh\t ,europe1 b 9 ,india also4 #hd ,we %\ld apply ! same rules ( discrim9ation "h z else:]e4 ,h we n pick$ potatoes = our table out ( ! deadly family ( ,solana8 select$ ) c>e ! g>d5 f ! fool's p>sley8 ,& d we n pickle gh]k9s1 not)/&+ _! aff9ity to ! ,elat]ium momordicum1 :i* w\ld poison u if we 7 to eat x8 #he 8,n'e/-il pas bi5 plus simple et bi5 plus sr en mme temps1 puisqu'on le peut1 de prv5ir les maux1 que de spcul] sur les moy5s si s\v5t inc]ta9s de les gurir80--,bull4 ,pl4 ,vnn4 p4 #aa4 #hf ,vide ,vittad9i & ,roques4 #hg ,roques fell 9 ) two soldi]s at ,/4 ,cyr1 :o _h ga!r$ & 7 9 ! act ( c>ry+ (f twice ! quantity ( ?is fungus necess>y to kill ! regim5t1 :5 he int]f]$1 & no d\bt sav$ _m lives 9 do+ s4 ,! soldi]s1 x appe>s1 _h mi/ak5 ! ,ag4 necator = ! ,hydnum rep&um1 to :i* x be>s "s slight resemblance 9 col\r1 & 9 no?+ else4 #hh ,! conv]se ( ?is rem>k by no means holds true2 ! ,amanita v]na1 ! ,am4 phalloides1 ! ,ag4 semiglobatus1 dryophilus1 & musc>ius1 ?\gh among/ ! mo/ deadly ( ?is class ( plants1 d n *ange col\r on be+ cut2 ! fle% ( ! fir/ two is1 moreov]1 ( a tempt+ :it5ess1 l t ( ! common puff-ball1 ?an :i* !re is n a saf] or a bett] fungus4 8,omn9o ne cr$e colori0 is our only safe motto "h4 #hi ,johnson's ,diction>y4 #ij ,he 0 wrong "h3 ! oak produces bo? ! ,fi/ul9a hepatica & ! ,ag>icus fusipes1 two excell5t funguses1 p>ticul>ly ! la/1 :i*1 prop]ly dress$ or pickl$1 h n _m rivals4 #ia ,z 0 kn[n to ! ,greeks1 #8,prep>e y\r funguses ) v9eg>1 salt1 or honey1 = ?us y w rob !m ( _! poison1' 4 #ib ,vittad9i1 h[ev]1 ate l>gely ( ?is fungus1 :i* he describes z v disagreeable1 ?\gh x did n prove poison\s to him4 #ic ,pucc9elli4 #id ,9 a :ole family1 cut (f 9 ! ye> #ahdc1 at ,lucca1 by d9+ on "s poison\s ,boletuses1 drawn & fir/ describ$ by ,pr(essor ,pucc9elli "u ! om9\s "n ( ,boletus t]ribilis1 besides mo/ ext5sive ulc]ation ( ! muc\s coat ( ! inte/9es ?r\gh\t a v consid]able portion ( _! ext5t1 toge!r ) injection ( ! vessels ( ! bra91 ! lungs 7 f\nd conge/$1 & ! cavities ( ! he>t di/5d$1 ) coagula ( blood4 #ie ,= a mo/ int]e/+ record ( all ! m rec5t poison+s f funguses 9 ,italy1 ! read] may consult ,pr(essor delle ,*iaje's "w on ,toxicology4 ,! foll[+1 ! only "o ,i %all give1 is to be f\nd 9 ,vittad9i's excell5t "w on funguses3-- 8,giovanna ,ball]9i1 montan>a1 d' anni #bf1 moglie di ,luigi ,dodici1 nativa di ,brugnello1 ,/ato ,s>do1 e domiciliata 9 ,l>dirago1 di/retto di ,belgiojoso1 prov9cia di ,pavia1 mangi la s]a del #ai maggio1 #ahca1 9 compagnia di due suoi nipoti1 ,giuseppe ,ball]9i d' anni #f1 e ,m>ia1 d' anni #ab1 buona copia d' ag>ici di primav]a1 cotti nella m9e/ra4 ,erano dessi /ati colti nel vic9 bosco della ,rossa1 e da quella sv5turata probabilm5te scambiati coi ,prugnuoli 7,ag4 m\c]on1 ,bull471 funghi g5]alm5te conosciuti da quegli alpigiani sotto il nome di ,sp9>oli1 o ,magg5ghi4 ,all' indomani allontanossi ,giovanna da casa1 come era suo co/ume1 onde provv$]e ai proprj bisogni1 ma trascorse alcune ore v5ne assalita da =te oppressione all' epiga/rio1 da nausee1 da conati di vomito1 ecc41 e co/retta inf9e v]so il m]iggio dalla gravezza del patire a torn>s5e a casa1 ove trov dallo /esso male torm5tati an*e i nipoti4 ,i pr9cipali f5om5i morbosi *e pres5tavano quegli infelici all' arrivo di ,giovanna erano3 nausee cont9ue1 dolori acutissimi allo /omaco ed alle inte/9a1 deliquj frequ5ti1 convulsioni1 ecc4 ,poco dopo ,m>ia ed 9 seguito ,giovanna v5n]o prese da vomito o/9ato di mat]ie bigio-n]a/re1 a cui s'accoppiava b5to/o1 p] colmo di sv5tura1 un' abbondante soccorr5za della /essa mat]ia1 e pi innanzi di pretto sangue4 ,impot5te a rec]e1 ,giuseppe si /ruggeva 9 vani conati di vomito4 ,*iamato v]so s]a 9 loro soccorso il sig4 dott4 ,luigi ,casorati1 m$ico condotto del luogo1 mio collega ed amico1 s' adop] ma invano p] so/>e il vomito ed il col]a1 *e specialm5te 9 ,m>ia ed 9 ,giovanna &avano sempre pi imp]v]s&o4 ,le bev&e mucilag9ose1 il latte1 gli oppiati1 le fom5tazioni ammolli5ti sull' addome a nulla giov>ono4 ,si t5t la sanguigna1 ma an*e que/a s5za effetto4 ,alle ore #g del matt9o del giorno #ba1 #ch ore circa dall' +e/ione del fungo1 ,giuseppe1 *i si era o/9atam5te rifiutato ad ogni m$ic9a1 non era pi2 n miglior sorte incontravano ,m>ia e ,giovanna1 *i1 tradotte all' osp$ale di ,pavia1 non o/ante i soccorsi *e v5n]o loro prodigati1 p]ivano nella /essa giornata fra le pi t]ribili angosce1 e s5za p]d]e gran fatto l' uso dei s5si1 la prima v]so il m]iggio1 l' altra v]so le ore sette pom]idiane4 ,all' autopsia del cadav]e di ,giuseppe ,ball]9i1 eseguitasi 9 ,l>dirago1 sotto i miei oc*i1 dallo /esso ,dottor ,casorati *e g5tilm5te me ne fece invito1 ed alla quale assi/eva pure il sig4 dott4 ,g4 ,galliotti1 si trov lo /omaco zeppo di un liquido v]da/ro1 entro cui nuotavano ancora1 unitam5te a buona porzione di riso e di erbe1 v>j pezzetti del fungo non ancora decompo/i1 e *e potei agevolm5te riconosc]e a qual p>te della pianta app>t5ess]o2 la mucosa di quel visc]e s5sibilm5te injettata1 e cop]ta1 specialm5te lungo la piccola curvatura ed 9 vic9anza del piloro1 di gr&i mac*ie di color roseo-livido int5so4 ,le inte/9a t5ui pur esse ove pi ove m5o injettate1 e del color dello sc>latto1 le crasse morbosam5te ri/rette1 ma m5o delle t5ui +orgate2 s le une *e le altre vuote d'alim5ti1 e non cont55ti *e poca quantit di muco bigio-n]a/ro e qual*e lombrico4 ,le m5+i erano an*' esse sommam5te injettate1 specialm5te la pia2 la so/anza del c]vello m5o consi/5te del naturale1 punteggiata di rosso1 e la base dello /esso nuotante 9 una quantit consid]abile di si]o sangu9ol5to40--,vitt4 p4 #cdj4 #if ,:5 dri$1 gr4 xx4-xxv4 w sc>cely produce ! effects ( gr4 v4 ( ! fungus :5 fir/ ga!r$4--,vitt4 #ig ,! total quantity ( moi/ure absorb$ by funguses1 dur+ developm5t & gr[?1 is great2 ?us1 if a numb] ( small ,ag>ics1 /ill 9 _! wrapp]s1 be plac$ 9 w9eglasses half fill$ ) wat]1 ?is w be rapidly absorb$1 ev5 be=e !y break ?r\gh _! membrane4 ,moreov]1 if ,ag>ics or ,boletuses1 already develop$1 be plac$ 9 glasses conta9+ s _m ounces ( wat]1 ! am\nt ( :i* has be5 previ\sly asc]ta9$1 & equal to t 9 ano!r glass1 by :i* to make all[ance = :at has be5 lo/ by evaporation1 ! result w g5]ally be t a quantity ( wat]1 equal to f "o-f\r? to "o-?ird ( ! full weight ( ea* fungus1 w h be5 absorb$ & exhal$ aga9 9 two days4 ,! r$undant moi/ure ( ^? plants is r5d]$ conspicu\s if we place a ,boletus on a wat*-glass1 ! surface ( :i* is spe$ily bead$ ) drops ( wat]1 z if x _h be5 9 ! ra92 :ile ! quantity ( fluid is sometimes s great z to defeat ! object we _h 9 plac+ x !re1 viz4 t ( collect+ ! spores4 #ih ,! read] desir\s ( a detail$ acc\nt ( ?is int]e/+ fungus1 %\ld consult a small qu>to bro*ure publi%$ "s ye>s ago1 by ,pr(essor ,gasp>9i1 ( ,naples1 :o 0 prep>+ a second edition 9 ! autumn ( #ahdd1 ) num]\s additions1 :i* has1 no d\bt1 be5 repr9t$4 #ii ,or r1 z ,pr(essor ,t5ore has told me1 f ! ,populus nigra1 v>4 ,neapolitana4 #ajj ,mll] decl>es t f]m5tation is itself a fungus1 :i* cont9ues to fe$ & multiply s long z x f9ds ! elem5ts ( nutrition 9 ! liquid 9 :i* x orig9ates4 ,?is1 !n1 is employ+ "o fungus life to evoke ano!r4 #aja ,all blocks ( ?is nut-wood d n be>4 ,pr(essor ,sangu9etti in=ms me t ! peasants 9 ! ,abruzzi1 :o br+ 9 ^! logs1 "k p]fectly :i* w succe$ & :i* w n2 8a k10 he adds1 8to :i* close/ att5tion dur+ all ! ye>s t ,i h be5 employ$ by ! ,papal ,gov]nm5t z sup]9t5d5t ( ! fungus m>ket1 has n yet enabl$ me to atta940 #ajb ,on digg+ up ! e>? 9 ! neighb\rhood ( a r+ 9 :i* ,a4 prunulus 0 at ! "t gr[+1 ,i f\nd ! m\ld to ! dep? ( a foot & m1 ho>y1 ) an ara*noid spawn /rongly *>g$ ) ! od\r ( ?is mu%room4 ,p]soon f\nd t to de/roy a fairy-r+ ( ! same ,ag>ic1 x 0 necess>y to dig to a consid]able dep?1 :5 ! next crop t came up 0 dissem9at$ sporadically ov] ! gr\nd4 #ajc ,?is 0 ! op9ion ( ! ,greeks1 :o call$ funguses 1 or e>?born4 #ajd ,j z 9 ! inorganic _w1 *emical analysis is frequ5tly ! precursor ( new =ms ( matt] result+ f ! new aff9ities :i* take place1 s :5 a vegetable dies1 & ! syn!sis ( its /ructural arrangem5t is brok5 up1 nature frequ5tly avails h]self ( ?is season ( decomposition1 to br+ new individuals out ( ! decay+ /ructures ( ! old1 :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( a beautiful pre-arrangem5t1 f9d !re all ! requisite supplies = _! gr[? & future ma9t5ance4 #aje ,"s mycologi/s h[ev]1 z ,p]soon & ,roques1 conceive t ! common du/ ( puff-balls is analog\s to ! poll5 ( ! high] plants1 :ile ! real se$ is to be s\ght & f\nd 9 a f9] du/1 :i* is entangl$ 9 ! reticul> me%es at ! base ( ^! plants4 ,o!rs suppose ! fluid :i* ba!s ! int]iors ( ^? little organs1 9 :i* ! se$s are pack$1 to be 9 o!r funguses ! s\rce ( _! fecundation4 ,b ^! at pres5t are m]e conjectures4 #ajf ,sev]al byssoid gr[?s are 9 ?is pr$icam5t4 #ajg 8,:o seek = life 9 creatures !y dissect1 ,w lose x 9 ! mom5t !y detect40--,pope4 #ajh ,! col\rs ( ! spores are ( consid]able practical use 9 di/+ui%+ ! memb]s ( ! l>ge family ( ,ag>ics1 "s ( :i* are det]m9$ by !m4 #aji ,x appe>s too me*anical an explanation ( a ph5om5on s purely vital z gr[?1 to make x 9 any way dep5d5t on a sy/em ( w$ges1 h[ev] +5i\sly appli$4 #aaj 8,! facility ) :i* ^! floccose ?reads are injur$1 & _! connection de/roy$1 expla9s10 says ,vittad9i1 8! difficulty ( transplant+ funguses ) success40 #aaa ,! great rapidity ) :i* ^! wond]ful *anges succe$ ea* o!r 9 funguses ) a volva1 is widely diff]5t f :at occurs 9 ^? t h none4 ,?us ! ,morel takes ?irty-"o days1 ,gea/]s six1 & _m ,tub]s twelve mon?s = _! full developm5t3 s t 8,to come up l a mu%room0 is a prov]b ) limitations4 #aab ,:5 ! base is =m$ be=e ! receptacle1 ! fibres are cont9u\s2 b :5 ! receptacle has be5 =m$ fir/1 z ! fibres ( ! la/ _c be transmitt$ ?r\gh ^? already =m$1 ^! two p>ts rema9 di/9ct4 #aac ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! fungus is call$ annulate1 9 ! second cort9ate4 #aad i4 e4 :5 ^! happ5 to be ( diff]5t hues orig9ally1 ! fragm5ts ( ! veil be+ 9 "s places cov]$ by ^? ( ! wrapp]1 9 o!rs nak$4 #aae ,raii ,syn4 #b4 #aaf 1 :ite1 & 1 a se$4 #aag ,ag4 ovoides 7,bull471 :i* is :ite1 & ,ag4 ,cs>eus 7,scop471 :i* is r$1 ) yell[ gills1 belong to ?is division4 #aah 1 a scale4 #aai ,armilla1 a r+4 #abj ,?is r+ seems =m$ by ! ext]nal fibres ( ! /alk1 :i*1 hav+ rea*$ ! po/]ior extremity ( ! gills1 are reflect$ backw>ds to ! m>g9 ( ! pileus :5 !y become atta*$4 #aba ,limax1 a slug4 #abb 1 a hair1 & 1 a fr+e4 #abc ,n describ$ by ,vittad9i among ! escul5t funguses ( ,italy1 & s probably unkn[n !re4 #abd ,russulus1 r$4 #abe 1 milk1 & 1 to fl[4 #abf 1 a declivity1 & 1 a head4 #abg 1 ?ick1 & 1 a leaf4 #abh 1 a vault1 & 1 a leaf4 #abi 1 a ligam5t1 & 1 a foot4 #acj 1 a copp] co94 #aca 1 a fungus4 #acb 1 umbilicus4 #acc 1 a side1 & 1 a foot4 #acd 1 "u1 & 1 rose-col\r$4 #ace 1 a declivity1 & 1 a cap4 #acf 1 sl5d]4 #acg ,nola1 a little bell4 #ach 1 to holl[ out4 #aci ,cort9a1 a veil4 #adj 1 l9t4 #ada 1 ( a fibre1 1 a fr+e4 #adb 1 a sk91 & 1 a head4 #adc ,pratum1 a pa/ure4 #add 1 a r+4 #ade 1 dung4 #adf 1 a cup4 #adg 1 _m1 & 1 a pore4 #adh 1 a ball4 #adi ,nam$ f ! fi/ul\s nature ( ! hym5ium4 #aej 1 a truffle1 etc4 #aea ,clava1 a club4 #aeb ,"n ,lat9iz$ f ! ,g]man ,b(i/4 #aec ,!y are reproduc$ 9 ^! r+s ab\t ! same "t e ye>1 ! circle cont9u+ to enl>ge till x breaks up at la/ into irregul> l9es1 :i* is a sure sign to ! collector t ! ,prunulus is ab\t to disappe> f t place1 j z ! pres5ce ( an unbrok5 r+ is conclusive ( a pl5tiful h>ve/ ! next spr+4 #aed ,^! lobes1 =m$ by ! con/riction ( ! pileus1 :il/ em]g+ f ! roots ( ! grass1 are sometimes s mu* /rangulat$ z to pres5t ! appe>ance ( small /alkless ,ag>ics gr[+ f ! l>ge1 & project+ f _! sides l e>s4 #aee ,t is1 connect$ by a too? to ! end ( ! /alk1 & n runn+ d[n x4 #aef ,! ,prunulus is mu* priz$ 9 ! ,roman m>ket1 :]e x easily fet*es #cj baioc*i1 i4 e4 #ae;d4 p] lb42 a l>ge sum = any luxury at ,rome4 ,x is s5t 9 little baskets z pres5ts to patrons1 fees to m$ical m51 & bribes to ,roman lawy]s4 ,:5 dri$1 x con/itutes ! s-call$ 8,funghi di ,g5oa10 :i* are sold on /r+s ?r\gh\t ,italy4 #aeg ,if ! ,suillus be inde$ ! same z ! mod]n ,porc9o1 z its "n w\ld imply1 few :o "k h[ good x is w be dispos$ to pity ,m>tial1 :o lam5ts 8 h>d case1 9 hav+ _h to eat ?is fungus at 8 patron's table1 :ile he fea/$ on ! ,boletus1 i4 e4 ! ,ag4 ,cs>eus4 ,x w\ld seem h[ev] f ?is epigram1 t ! ,suillus 0 n 9 ,m>tial's "t1 :at x n[ unque/ionably is1 a fav\rite ) ! ri*4 #aeh 8,il ,sorvegliatore fa gett>e ai v5ditori tutti i funghi fracidi e quelli *e cr$e nocivi1 ed assolutam5te proibita la v5dita dei cos detti prat]oli buoni o cattivi *e si5o40--,sangu9etti 7extract f an unpubli%$ lett]74 #aei 8,?is is t v>iety ( ,ag4 campe/ris :i* has be5 s (t5 conf\nd$ ) ! ,amanita v]na1 & ) ^! ! ,ag4 albus virosus2 all ^! funguses1 besides pres5t+ a /rong simil>ity 9 appe>ance1 are f\nd 9 ! same locality1 & at ab\t ! same "t ( ye>40--,vitt4 #afj ,ude compla9s t we h none ( ! light ,fr5* w9es = sauces except *ampagne4 ,cid] or p]ry w1 h[ev]1 be f\nd good sub/itutes4 #afa 8,hopkirk records an in/ance ( "o weigh+ five p\nds six ounces1 & measur+ =ty-?ree in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,)]+ m5tions ano!r t weigh$ f\rte5 p\nds40--,b]keley4 #afb 8,x is commonly suppos$ t su* funguses z *ange col\r af=d !reby a cle> evid5ce ( _! noxi\s prop]ties1 & yet daily exp]i5ce1 z f> z x w5t1 ought to h l$ to j ! opposite conclusion4 ,almo/ all ! poison\s ,ag>ics h a fle% t does n *ange col\r1 & we "k z yet ( no ,boletus1 _m ( :i* d s *ange1 t is really unsafe to eat40--,vitt4 #afc ,?is blue loses mu* ( its int5sity by long exposure to ! air4 ,x is moreov] to be rem>k$ t 9 specim5s1 ! fle% ( :i* has be5 eat5 into by slugs or insects1 no *ange ( col\r takes place4 #afd ,?is requires fur!r corroboration4 #afe ,sc4 8,blue ,hats0 7871 z ,ag4 ,georgii is call$ 8,:ite ,caps10 & ,ag4 ,oreades 8,scot* ,bonnets40 #aff ,?is mu%room1 fam\s = ! flav\r x imp>ts to ri* s\ps & gravies1 is also us$ 9 ! ,fr5* 8 la mode0 beef %ops 9 ,london1 ) ! view ( height5+ ! flav\r ( t di%4 ,z ! aroma is dissipat$ by ov]cook+1 x %\ld be ?r[n 9 only a few m9utes be=e s]v+4 ,! dri$ ,*ampignon is mu* m ext5sively us$ 9 ,france & ,italy ?an x is 9 ,engl&4 #afg ,al?\gh ! ,ag4 oreades be1 prop]ly speak+1 a t]re/rial & n a p>asitical fungus1 /ill z x spr+s up amid/ ! roots ( ! grasses & fl\ri%es by depriv+ !m ( _! supplies1 ! h]bage 9 its neighb\rhood is ! fir/ to scor* up & )]4 #afh ,i h1 h[ev]1 f\nd !m :ite4 #afi 8,dans le dp>tem5t des l&es on sme l',ag>icus ,palomet4 ,p\r cela on se cont5te d'arros] la t]re d'un bosquet plant en *nes avec de l'eau dans laquelle on a fait b\illir une gr&e quantit de ces *ampignons2 la culture n'exige d'autres so9s que d'loign] de ces lieux les *evaux1 les pores et les btes cornes1 qui sont trs-fri&es de ces plantes2 ce moy5 russit t\j\rs1 mais n\s laissons aux physici5s n\s expliqu] p\rquoi l'bullition n'a pas fait m\rir les g]mes40--,?ore4 #agj ,! read] mu/ n conclude f ?is t soil1 any m ?an age1 w acc\nt = su* diff]5ces2 !re is a v>iety ( ,ag4 alutaceus1 describ$ by ,vittad9i1 :i* he says is 8end[$ ) a v cau/ic ta/e1 smell+ ( pepp]1 & to be avoid$40 ,! k9d g5]ally f\nd 9 ,engl& is probably ! same z ?is1 :i* ,bulli>d has describ$ "u ! "n ( ,ag4 alutaceus acris4 #aga 8,sospett&o ragionevolm5te dietro le esp]i5ze del ,krapf e del ,roques *e que/o fungo potesse ess] nocivo all' uomo e non agli animali1 ho voluto an*'io sp]im5t>lo su di me /esso40--,vitt4 #agb ,i lately f\nd a s+le specim5 ( x1 :i* ,vittad9i says is r>e4 #agc ,on ! ,popl> & ,will[1 accord+ to ,vittad9i2 ,apple & ,laburnum1 on ! au?ority ( ,b]keley2 ,elm & ,a%1 on my own4 #agd ,9 "s specim5s ! gills are all solit>y4 #age ,vitt4 #agf ,x is probable t ! v>ieties "h ref]r$ to belong$ to ,ag4 euosmus1 ,b4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to di/+ui% betwe5 ! two1 z ,ag4 euosmus is an unsafe species4--,,ed4 #agg ,vitt4 #agh ,a c\ntryman1 la/ spr+ 7#ahdg71 /umbl$ ^u a l>ge quantity 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,*iselhur/1 ,k5t1 & be+ /ruck ) _! appe>ance ga!r$ "s1 & took !m to a m$ical man ( ! place1 :o1 n recogniz+ ! plant1 suff]$ ! :ole to p]i%6 ,he has s9ce be5 made aw>e ( 8 mi/ake4 #agi ,x is a common fraud 9 ! ,italian m>ket = ! salesm5 to soak !m 9 wat]2 :i* increases _! weight1 b spoils _! flav\r4 #ahj ,9 ! ,roman m>ket ! ,morell is held 9 little e/eem1 & sells = #d;d4 or #e;d4 p] lb4 ,?ree v>ieties ( ! escul5ta are br\ght 9 by ! 8,asp>ag>ii10 i4 e4 ! peasants :o ga!r ! wild ,asp>agus on ! hills2 viz4 ! ,m4 rotunda1 :i* is almo/ globose1 ,m4 vulg>is1 & ,m4 fulva1 :i* is ( a tawny col\r4 #aha ,?\gh ! ,f4 hepatica gr[s bo? ^u oak & *e/nut trees1 ?is diff]5ce 9 its orig9 nev] p]ceptibly affects ! plant1 :i* is equally good1 :e!r x be ga!r$ f "o or f ! o!r4 #ahb ,:5ce ! v]nacul> names1 8,orgella10 8,orgelle10 & 8,oreille40 #ahc ,mo/ au?ors comp>e ?is od\r to t ( fre% meal1 b z sev]al fri5ds ?9k ) me t ! above comp>ison is m accurate1 ,i h v5tur$ to sub/itute x4 #ahd ,mr4 ,b]keley says rose-col\r$2 ,vittad9i pale ru/-col\r2 b ,i f9d t on plac+ a wat*-glass ?ickly coat$ ) spores on f9e br[n-holl&1 ! col\rs v ne>ly correspond4 #ahe ,b]k4 ,brit4 ,fung4 #ahf ,! lobes are at fir/ ne>ly :ite1 aft]w>ds ( an a%-grey col\r on ! "u surface2 ! upp]1 or t :i* be>s ! se$ membrane1 cont9u+ :ite4 #ahg ,ano!r species ( ,peziza1 ! ,p4 co*leata1 grew v abundantly la/ spr+ 9 ,holwood ,p>k1 ,ke/on4 ,?is species is q insipid1 & some:at lea!ry1 b ,mr4 ,b]keley has se5 x (f]$ = sale "u ! "n ( ,morell4 #ahh ,! t\ghness is ow+ to its be+ /ew$ too quickly2 :5 prop]ly sweat$ ) butt]1 z recomm5d$ = ,c4 coralloides1 x is q t5d]4 #ahi ,!re are1 9 fact1 ?ree at fir/1 :]e( ! ext]nal "o ei!r coalesces ) ! second1 or else peels (f 9 %r$s1 :5 ! o!r two become unit$1 & cont9ue to ma9ta9 ! globul> =m ( ! ,puff-ball unimpair$1 ev5 aft] ! escape ( ! se$4 #aij ,)\t app5dages4 #aia ,vittad9i recomm5ds1 :]ev] ?is fungus gr[s conv5i5tly = ! purpose1 t x %\ld n be all tak5 at once1 b by slices cut (f f ! liv+ plant1 c>e be+ tak5 n to break up its atta*m5ts ) ! e>?2 9 ?is way1 he says1 y may h a f9e 8frittura0 e day = a week4 #aib ,i h be5 in=m$ t ?is ,puff-ball is sometimes s]v$ on /ate occasions at ! ,freemasons' ,tav]n4 #aic 8,ce ,*ampignon crot au milieu et v]s le sommet de l'arbre1 de sorte qu'il n'e/ pas facile voir ou rcolt]40--,p]soon4 #aid ,b]keley4 #aie ,9 #ahdc1 ! fri5ds ( a pati5t1 = :om ,i _h occasion to prescribe "s musk1 _h rec\rse to _m *emi/s 9 succession be=e ! lic5s$ deal] 9 x c\ld be f\nd1 & he 0 oblig$ by law to keep x 9 8 back premises4 #aif ,night fires4 ,?is is to cle> ! gr\nd "u ! ,*e/nut-trees = ! fall+ fruits1 :i* might o!rwise be lo/ amid/ ! hea?4 ,b ! practice is unsafe2 z _m a tree has be5 *>r$ by ! flames1 & "s h actually tak5 fire & giv5 rise to a g5]al conflagration4 #aig ,! :ole ( ! species m5tion$ 9 ! annex$ li/ 7 met ) by ! au?or ?is summ] & autumn 7#ahdg71 & p>tak5 ( by himself & fri5ds1 viz4 ,amanita vag9ata2 ,ag4 rubesc5s1 proc]us1 prunulus1 rub]1 het]ophyllus1 viresc5s2 deliciosus1 nebul>is1 p]sonatus1 virg9eus1 fusipes1 oreades1 o/reatus1 ,orcella1 campe/ris 7& its v>ieties edulis & prat5sis71 exquisitus1 comatus1 & ulm>ius2 ,can?>ellus cib>ius2 ,polyporus frondosus2 ,boletus edulis & scab]2 ,fi/ul9a hepatica2 ,hydnum rep&um2 ,helvella lacunosa2 ,peziza acetabulum & ,bovi/a plumbea2 ,lycop]don gemmatum & ,clav>ia /rigosa4 ,,! ,,end4 ,john ,edw>d ,taylor1 ,pr9t]1 ,little ,que5 ,/reet1 ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,i4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,ii4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,iii4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,iv4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,v4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,vi4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,vii4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,viii4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,ix4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,x4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,xi4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4 ,illu/ration3 ,pl4 ,,xii4 ,w4 ,fit*1 del4 et li?4 ,v9c5t ,brooks1 ,imp4