,illu/ration3 ,y\rs truly ,h5ry ,alley ,,improv$ ,,que5-,,re>+ ,,or ,,h[ ,,to ,,re> ,,l>ge1 ,,prolific1 ,,long-,,liv$ ,,que5 ,,bees ,! ,result ( ,ne>ly ,half a ,c5tury's ,exp]i5ce 9 ,re>+ ,que5 ,bees1 ,giv+ ! ,practical1 ,e-day ,"w ( ! ,que5-,re>+ ,api>y ,,by ,,h5ry ,,alley ,api>i/ ,,illu/rat$ ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,! ,,au?or ,,by ,,*as4 ,a4 ,,k+1 ,,bev]ly1 ,,massa*usetts ,,copyright ,,by ,,! ,,au?or #aijc ,illu/ration3 ,improv$ ,bay ,/ate clos$-end frame ,bee-,hive4 ,us$ by ?\s&s ( ,bee-,keep]s _m ye>s ) great success4 ,con/ruction ( brood-frames same z ! ,dawzeubak]4 ,frames are rev]sible & held 9 position by side bo>ds & two iron rods4 ,,preface ,?is little book is writt5 & design$ to in/ruct ^? engag$ 9 bee-keep+ 9 ! art ( re>+ que5 bees4 ,! long exp]i5ce ( ! au?or 9 ?is p>ticul> bran* ( apiculture1 z h]e9 detail$1 may prove n only in/ructive b int]e/+4 ,t ! "w may meet ! approbation ( its read]s is ! wi% ( ,,! ,,au?or ,illu/ration3 ,illu/ration ( ! orig9al ,bay ,/ate ,bee-,hive4 ,inv5t$ & us$ by ,h5ry ,alley1 m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,?is hive 0 specially devis$ = w9t]+ bees successfully on summ] /&s & = ! production ( ! l>ge/ am\nt ( honey4 ,,cont5ts ,page ,bre$+ que51 :]e to keep #af ,cell build+1 h[ to prep>e a colony = #ah ,cell build+1 me?od numb] "o #ai ,cell build+1 me?od numb] two #bf ,cell build+1 me?od numb] ?ree #bi ,cell build+1 fe$+ :ile go+ on #bi ,cell build+1 h[ to prep>e eggs = #ba ,cell build+1 de/roy+ eggs #bb ,cell build+1 !ory ( us+ "y bees #bd ,cell build+1 h[ to re> ! be/ #bg ,drones1 objectionable #cg ,drones1 h[ to cat* & de/roy #cg ,drones1 h[ to obta9 & pres]ve #dd ,drone-trap1 utility ( #df ,honey1 h[ to prev5t c&y+ #ed ,nuclei1 h[ to =m #ca ,nuclei1 h[ to fe$ #dd ,pipe = burn+ tobacco #da ,que5-cell frame1 description ( #ch ,que5-cells1 transf]r+ #dj ,que5s1 h[ to c>e = #di ,que5s1 age at :i* !y mate #di ,que5s1 virg91 =c+ to mate #ej ,que5s1 age at :i* !y lay #ea ,que5s1 to "k f]tile f unf]tile #ej ,que5s1 f]tiliz+ 9 conf9em5t #ea ,que5s1 respect bees %[ !m #ea ,que5-cells1 de/roy+ #ea ,que5s1 comp>ative size #ec ,que5-re>+1 fir/ improvem5ts #aa ,que5-re>+1 late/ improv$ me?ods #ab ,que5-re>+1 on a l>ge scale #ad ,que5-re>+1 prop] conditions ( api>y #ae ,que5-re>+1 to prep>e eggs = #af ,que5-bre$+ colony1 h[ to />t #ai ,que5-bre$+ hive1 h[ to make #ag ,que5s1 f]tile1 h[ to introduce #cd ,que5s1 unf]tile1 h[ to introduce #ce ,que5 nurs]y1 h[ to use #bi ,que5less bees1 necessity ( #bh ,,improv$ ,,que5-,,re>+ ,,or ,h[ to ,re> ,l>ge1 ,prolific & ,long-,liv$ ,que5 ,bees ,,introduction ,9 ! ye> #aheg ,i _h v little k ( apiculture1 yet ,i _h se5 bees 9 hives app>5tly work+1 8mak+ honey0 z x 0 call$ 9 ^? days by all :o kept bees2 _h he>d all ! talk ab\t ! 8k+ bee10 & _h se5 hives drap$ 9 m\rn+ :5 a memb] ( ! bee-keep]s' family di$4 ,i _h also se5 ! bee-keep] & 8 family out 9 ! api>y p\nd+ ^u t9 pans1 r++ ! d9n] bell1 & rais+ a hub-bub g5]ally :5 a colony _h ca/ a sw>m4 ,!n ,i _h se5 bees 8c>ry wax0 on _! legs1 etc41 etc4 ,well1 ,i did n require v mu* exp]i5ce ) bees to f9d out t all ! above p]=mances 7 indulg$ 9 only by ignorant & sup]/iti\s bee-keep]s4 ,) all ! lit]ature we n[ h conc]n+ apiculture1 "s bee-keep]s may be f\nd :o "k no m ab\t bees ?an ^? :o kept !m #ej ye>s ago4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,july1 #aheg1 ,i f\nd a f9e sw>m ( bees hang+ ^u a limb ( a tree 9 my g>d54 ,! bees 7 hiv$ 9 a small pack+ box1 & at once comm5c$ to build comb & /ore honey4 ,:5 fall came ! box 0 well fill$ ) bees & /ores1 & ! colony w5t into w9t] qu>t]s 9 f9e condition1 & came out 9 ! spr+ /rong 9 numb]s1 prov+ to be a fir/-class colony 9 all respects4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aheh1 ,i pur*as$ ano!r colony :i* 0 9 a box-hive t _h a #g #i glass 9 ! back side ?r\gh :i* ,i wat*$ ! bees _m h\rs4 ,well d ,i rememb] ! great int]e/ ,i took 9 bees at t "t4 ,"o day :ile wat*+ ! bees ?r\gh ! glass1 ,i saw ! que5 pass ar\nd "o ( ! combs1 & _h really se5 ! great 8k+ bee40 ,be=e w9t] set 91 ,i _h n only se5 o!r que5 bees b _h actually re>$ a few4 ,!n ,i got an idea t ,i _h le>n$ all !re 0 to "k ab\t bees & que5 re>+4 ,b ?is little bit ( egotism 0 dispell$ by ea* ye>'s exp]i5ce1 & ,i soon f\nd t !re 0 mu* to le>n ab\t bee-keep+4 ,& n[1 aft] my long exp]i5ce 9 que5 re>+1 ,i f9d t no "o c live long en\gh to le>n all !re is to "k ab\t ! subject ( bees & apiculture g5]ally4 ,surely no "o c le>n ! art ( bee keep+ 9 "o ye> z _m bee-keep]s ( ! pres5t day claim4 ,well1 at ! end ( "o ye>'s exp]i5ce1 ,i 0 seiz$ ) a desire to g into que5 re>+ ext5sively4 ,by ?is "t ,i _h le>n$ t e colony ( bees _h a que5 & t drones 7 male bees2 & also f\nd out hundr$s ( ?+s ab\t bees t ,i nev] be=e _h kn[n4 ,i _h discov]$ t :5 a colony ( bees 0 depriv$ ( its que5 x w\ld at once comm5ce to con/ruct que5 cells1 & re> sev]al "y que5s4 ,re>+ que5s 0 s fasc9at+ t ,i soon began to re> !m 9 great numb]s1 9 fact ,i _h !m gr[+ at all times dur+ ! w>m mon?s4 ,( c\rse ?is 0 only = amusem5t z no bee-keep]s 7 9 want ( que5s1 nor 0 !re any dem& = !m4 ,well1 ,i cont9u$ to advance 9 ! art & enl>ge my exp]i5ce1 n only 9 re>+ que5s1 b 9 bee-keep+ g5]ally4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,i f\nd a man :o _h also be5 8/rick50 ) ! bee fev] & he _h z mu* exp]i5ce ) bees z myself1 & _h re>$ que5s m]ely to exhibit at a cattle fair held 9 8 t[n & only ?ree miles f my place4 ,?is man _h made a frame ab\t twelve in*es squ>e1 to :i* glass 0 fa/5$ on bo? sides1 ?us =m+ a "o comb obs]vation hive4 ,a small piece ( brood comb conta9+ eggs & l>vae 0 fa/5$ at ! top ( ! frame by /r+s1 & ! bees1 ( :i* !re 7 ab\t a p9t1 7 actually build+ que5 cells4 ,?\s&s ( int]e/$ p 7 wat*+ ! bees :ile at "w1 & _m ( ! p 7 ask+ all sorts ( que/ions ab\t que5s1 bees & honey4 ,my fir/ que5s 7 re>$ 9 ab\t ! same way z above describ$4 ,9 ! ye> #ahfj ,i practic$ que5 re>+ on a l>g] scale1 z we _h !n he>d ab\t ,mr4 ,lang/ro? & 8 wond]ful book & /ill m wond]ful hive1 :i* is today m m>vel\s ?an any?+ else connect$ ) apiculture4 ,f ?is "t on rapid advancem5t 0 made n only 9 que5 re>+ b 9 all bran*es ( bee culture4 ,we soon w5t f box-hives to movable-comb hives4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! fam\s ,italian bees came 91 & !n que5-re>+ 0 c>ri$ on 9 e>ne/2 n = amusem5t b que5s 7 re>$ by ! ?\s& = sale4 ,at fir/ !y 7 s5t by express 9 small "o-comb boxes1 !n by mail to all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 lat] on que5s w5t by mail to all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,i h cont9u$ to re> que5s = sale e ye> s9ce #ahfj4 ,at t "t no "o _h mu* k ( que5-re>+1 & ,mr4 ,lang/ro?'s book 0 ! only guide = e que5-deal]1 & )\t 8 hive & book b little c\ld h be5 done 9 ! way ( re>+ que5s4 ,all :o re>$ que5s 9 ^? way-back days _h good success 9 obta9+ fir/-class que5s4 ,y see no "o _h got 8on to0 ! idea t nature c\ld be *eat$ & outdone 9 ! production ( que5 bees4 ,)9 a few ye>s que5s h be5 re>$ by su* me?ods t ne>ly all sold h prov$ to be wor?less1 s t deal]s f9d !y mu/ g back & adopt "s ( ! e>ly me?ods 9 ord] to give satisfaction to _! cu/om]s4 ,,fir/ ,,improvem5ts ,,9 ,,que5-,,re>+ ,i %all n claim t any v great improvem5ts h be5 made 9 ! quality ( que5s re>$ by ! me?ods giv5 "h4 ,hav+ told y h[ que5s 7 re>$ 9 ! e>ly days ( ! que5-re>+ bus9ess1 ,i c n[ only give ! process ( do+ ! "w 9 o!r ways by improv$ me?ods4 ,x w be und]/ood t aft] ! adv5t ( ! movable-comb hive1 bee-keep+ took on a rapid move4 ,! second advance ( importance 0 made :5 ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,p>sons ( ,flu%+1 ,n4 ,y41 import$ "s ,italian bees4 ,x 0 soon nois$ all ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates t ! yell[-b&$ bees 7 bett] ?an ! common black ones1 or ! ,g]man bee4 ,at ?is "t _m bee-keep]s 7 9 condition to re> que5s & !y did s1 & ?us ! que5-re>+ & supply bus9ess has be5 on ! increase s9ce ! ye> #ahfb1 or ! adv5t ( ! ,italian bee4 ,we all _h1 or ?\ght we _h1 a lot ( 8"k h[40 ,:e!r we _h ! "k h[ or n1 no "o exp]i5c$ any tr\ble 9 re>+ good que5s1 all be+ satisfactory except 9 purity4 ,e "o :o pur*as$ ,italian que5s expect$ !m to ?r[ all ?ree-b&$ bees1 & x 0 f\nd almo/ impossible to get a bre$+ que5 t c\ld be call$ /rictly pure4 ,!re 0 no fix$ purity to ! ,italians2 !y 7 & are to ?is day no?+ b a hybrid /ra9 ( bees4 ,) ! exception ( purity ev]y?+ w5t on smoo?ly 9 que5 re>+4 ,al?\gh "s improvem5t has be5 made 9 ! purity ( ! ,italians1 !re are v few pure que5s re>$2 & bee-keep]s cont9ue to f9d fault ) ! que5s !y pur*ase if !re happ5s to be ev5 b a doz5 8"o-b&$0 bees 9 a l>ge colony4 ,,n[ ,,let ,,u ,,discuss ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,improv$ ,,me?ods ,,( ,,re>+ ,,que5s ,fir/ ! nucleus sy/em4 ,any numb] ( combs & bees tak5 f a full hive con/itutes a nucleus colony4 ,we w />t on a ?ree-frame nucleus ) ! ,l frame z a basis4 ,?ree su* combs1 say "o ( brood 9 all /ages & two ( honey & poll51 ) all ! adh]+ bees1 are suffici5t to =m a good nucleus colony4 ,z !re are b few bee-keep]s :o d n und]/& ! above "w1 & z none are likely to beg9 que5-re>+ unless !y c h&le bees to "s ext5t1 ,i ne$ n g into ! little details to describe h[ to =m nucleus colonies4 ,b we w suppose a ?ree-frame nucleus has be5 =m$1 & ! bees h be5 conf9$ 9 ! hive at lea/ #bd h\rs ) a supply ( wat]1 = bees t are depriv$ ( _! lib]ty1 & are re>+ brood or que5s1 mu/ h pl5ty ( wat] or ! uncapp$ brood w p]i%4 ,aft] #bd h\rs conf9em5t ! colony c be giv5 its lib]ty & plac$ on a /& any:]e 9 ! api>y some:at remote1 ( c\rse1 f :]e !y 7 fir/ tak54 ,aft] be+ que5less = ?is l5g? ( "t1 ! bees w h />t$ sev]al que5-cells & h quiet$ d[n & only a few ( ! old] bees w return to ! p>5t hive4 ,n[1 to increase ! population ( ! nucleus & to make x ?or\ghly prosp]\s1 o!r bees %\ld be add$ ea* night1 = ?ree or f\r nights 9 succession1 say at ab\t sunset4 ,?is is easily & quickly done by tak+ a comb ( bees f "s /rong colony & bru%+ or %ak+ !m d[n on ! gr\nd 9 front ( ! nucleus4 ,9 do+ ?is c>e mu/ be us$ t ! que5 ( ! full colony is n tak54 ,! above 0 practic$ by me 9 my e>ly que5-re>+ exp]i5ce :5 8vamp+ up0 nucleus colonies4 ,i 0 n long 9 discov]+ t !re 0 great advantage 9 add+ "y bees z p] above4 ,by s do+ ,i f\nd t ) ea* fre% lot ( bees giv5 ! nucleus !re w\ld be a new lot ( que5-cells />t$4 ,9 a few days ! colony w be well e/abli%$1 & que5-re>+ by a mo/ conv5i5t process w be go+ on 9 a v successful mann]4 ,unless !re is pl5ty ( natural =age 9 ! fields1 ! colony mu/ be f$ cont9ually or inf]ior que5s w be ! result4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ab\t five days all ! cells w be complet$1 t is1 capp$2 & f eight to twelve good que5-cells1 mo/ likely1 =m$4 ,at ab\t ! "t ! fir/ "y que5 %\ld appe>1 7say ! twelf? day f ! day on :i* ! eggs 7 giv5 ! bees71 provision mu/ be made = pres]v+ ! cells or ! "y que5s4 ,o!r nucleus colonies mu/ be made up = ea* cell or que51 z ! case may be4 ,! cells may be transf]r$ at once )\t dang] ( de/ruction f ! bees1 provid$ ! bees h be5 que5less = twelve h\rs4 ,:ile bees might n de/roy que5-cells if giv5 !m be=e !y miss _! que51 ,i f9d t !y _c be tru/$ 9 ?is respect1 & t x is mu* saf] to give que5-cells to bees t h be5 que5less at lea/ #bd h\rs4 ,x is n necess>y to cut a hole 9 ! comb to ins]t a que5 cell1 b pu% y\r f+] d[n betwe5 ! combs at ! top & place ! cell 9 ! space ?us made4 ,if m conv5i5t to use a que5 nurs]y :5 ! cells are ripe1 full directions = s do+ may be f\nd on ano!r page4 ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,disadvantages ,,( ,,re>+ ,,que5s ,,by ,,! ,,above ,,plan ,! above way ( re>+ que5s has "s advantages & "s few disadvantages4 ,! objections to su* a me?od are n v s]i\s1 z !y affect only ^? bre$]s :o re> a l>ge numb] ( que5s4 ,:5 bees are left to re> que5s & select locations = ! cells1 _m ( ! cells w be built s ne> ea* o!r t !y _c be sep>at$ )\t de/roy+ "s ( ! "y que5s4 ,i h f\nd t if holes are cut 9 ! combs to make conv5i5t places = que5s cells1 ! bees are pretty sure to build !m exactly opposite ea* o!r1 t is1 cells are built on opposite sides ( ! comb4 ,yet ^! cells c be remov$2 b 9 sep>at+ !m ! knife mu/ pass ?r\gh ! base ( "o ( ! cells2 damage t is easily repair$ by a little w>m bee's wax4 ,) ! above m9or exceptions1 ! nucleus sy/em z above giv5 is v good4 ,= re>+ que5s on a small scale1 ,i consid] ! above me?od z good & z practical z c be desir$4 ,su* que5s w be f\nd l>ge1 long-liv$ & 9 e way w equal ^? re>$ "u ! sw>m+ impulse4 ,if y desire to practice & exp]im5t 9 que5-re>+1 d n be afraid to try x4 ,x is a good way = ! novice to />t 9 on re>+ que5s4 ,remov+ ! que5 f a full colony ( bees is practically ! same me?od z above giv52 ! diff]5ce is1 h[ev]1 t no m que5's cells are likely to be made ?an 9 a ?ree-frame nucleus1 & ,i h>dly ?9k "o c\ld get any bett] results by ! full colony plan 9 ! end4 ,i v mu* pref] ! nucleus sy/em = re>+ only a few que5s1 & x w be f\nd mu* less tr\ble & mu* less exp5sive4 ,,re>+ ,,que5s ,,on ,a ,,l>ge ,,scale ,i ?9k ,i h giv5 z mu* advice z a novice w ne$ on ! subject ( re>+ a few que5s1 & w n[ describe h[ to re> que5s by ! ?\s&s4 ,9 ?is sy/em a mu* small] hive is us$ = nucleus colonies = keep+ ! que5s until !y h become f]tile4 ,! little hives1 or boxes1 us$ 9 my api>y h always work$ z well ) me z /&>d frames4 ,! read] c d z he pleases ab\t us+ !m1 b ,i advise te/+ ! sy/em & judg+ = ones self z to its m]its4 ,be> 9 m9d t ,i am n lay+ d[n any /]eotyp$ sy/em ( que5-re>+4 ,i %all give only t "p ( my long exp]i5ce t w prove ( value to ! inexp]i5c$ bee-keep] :o desires to ent] que5-re>+2 & ,i hope x w result 9 ! production ( mu* bett] que5 bees ?an _m t are n[ be+ re>$ & sold4 ,i advise ! read] to c>ry out any exp]im5ts t ?is "w may sugge/ to 8 m9d4 ,if any ( my read]s c improve ^u ! me?ods h]e9 giv51 ,i advise !m1 by all means1 to d s4 ,i %all hold back no?+1 b give 9 ?is "w a full description & explanation ( e valuable po9t ,i h f\nd 9 my =ty ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 re>+ que5 bees = ! bee-keep]s ( ! _w4 ,9 connection ) ?is bus9ess ,i h conduct$ hundr$s ( exp]im5ts t 7 f\nd to be impractical & ( no value4 ,i ?9k _m bee-keep]s are 9 too mu* ( a hurry to ru% into pr9t1 :5 !y are seiz$ ) an idea t !y h made a valuable & important discov]y 9 apiculture4 ,:5 important discov]ies are made x is "t en\gh to make !m public aft] a ?or\gh te/4 ,well1 ,i c\ld g on & spread ?is /ory out ov] #bjj pages ( ?is size1 b ,i ?9k a m cond5s$ =m w be m compreh5sive & bett] 9 e way1 !re=e ,i w get d[n to ! po9t at once & drop ! lecture "p ( ! subject4 ,,prop] ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,api>y ,,:5 ,,que5-,,re>+ ,,is ,,comm5c$ ,all :o und]take to re> que5s %\ld und]/& t be=e su* "w %\ld beg9 ! :ole api>y %\ld be put 9 ! highe/ /ate ( prosp]ity2 & ! colonies to be us$ 9 que5-re>+ made v /rong 9 numb]s4 ,! combs ( all cell-build+ colonies %\ld be well fill$ ) honey & poll54 ,x w\ld be ! m]e/ folly to attempt to re> que5s :5 ! :ole or ev5 a "p ( ! api>y is 9 a /ate ( semi-/>vation4 ,s y see que5-re>+ %\ld n be comm5c$ 9 ! spr+ until ! wea!r is q w>m & ! bees h _h a *ance to bre$ up1 fill all combs ) brood & ga!r nect> f ! e>ly bloom4 ,give ! bees "t en\gh on ! e>ly bloom to get ! sw>m+ fev] on4 ,"h 9 ,new ,engl&1 9 ,massa*usetts p>ticul>ly1 ! #h? ( ,may is ab\t z e>ly z x is safe to comm5ce to re> que5s4 ,h[ev]1 if ! wea!r is fairly w>m 9 ,april & ! fir/ week ( ,may1 colonies c be s f$ & /imulat$ t !y may ?9k x is ab\t "t to get ready to sw>m4 ,by ! way1 ,i h he>d ( sw>ms issu+ z e>ly z ! #aj? ( ,may1 & _h "o sw>m on ,may #aj1 #aijb4 ,n[ "h is a po9t at ! />t t %\ld n be lo/ sight (4 ,9 bre$+ que5 bees ! same rules %\ld be obs]v$ z 9 ! bre$+ ( animals4 ,if desir$ to re> a colt1 calf1 *ick5 or any o!r animal1 ! p>5ts select$ are n tak5 f scrubs or inf]ior /ock4 ,! v be/ are select$4 ,! same pr9ciple applies to bees4 ,n[ = a que5 "m take ! be/ que5 9 ! api>y1 also = a drone "m equal c>e %\ld be tak5 to obta9 ! be/4 ,( c\rse 9 ! selection ( ! "m que5 color & beauty are important factors to be consid]$1 & s is prolificness1 longevity1 & honey-ga!r+ qualities4 ,x takes pretty good /ock to comb9e all ! above nam$ po9ts4 ,z = g5tl5ess ,i f9d almo/ any /ra9 ( bees docile en\gh to be h&l$ ) ! use ( a good bell[s smok]4 ,h[ev]1 bees t h vigor\s dispositions are usually good honey-ga!r]s1 & no que5 ne$ be reject$ z a bre$] on acc\nt ( ! vici\s disposition ( h] work] prog5y4 ,only an occasional que5 bre$s vici\s bees1 & ?is trait is b seldom transmitt$ to (fspr+4 ,,to ,,procure ,,eggs ,,= ,,cell-,,build+2 ,,:]e ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,bre$+-,,que5 ,if only a few que5s are to be re>$1 ! "m bee may be kept 9 a full colony2 & if a few doz5 que5s only are requir$1 ,i advise plac+ a comb t ! que5s h us$ once or twice = brood 9 ! c5tre ( a l>ge colony4 ,9 ab\t five days ?is comb %\ld conta9 sev]al ?\s& eggs4 ,n[ "s good que5s c be re>$ on ?is comb by ! plan giv5 z ! nucleus sy/em2 b if y l to "w ) bees = amusem5t & exp]im5t1 try ! plan ,i %all n[ give4 ,:5 a l>ge numb] ( que5s are to be re>$1 x w be f\nd a good plan to keep ! bre$+ que5 9 a small hive hav+ frames ab\t five in*es squ>e1 ) five frames to a hive4 ,i h us$ su* an arrangem5t a great _m ye>s z above /at$1 & f9d x sup]ior1 9 _m ways to a full siz$ frame = gett+ eggs = cell-build+4 ,by ?is plan no combs are cut or mutilat$ :5 a few eggs are want$1 :]eas if full frames are us$ _m good combs w necess>ily be de/roy$ dur+ ! season4 ,!n aga91 x is v mu* m tr\ble & "w to op5 a l>ge hive ?an a small "o :5 necess>y to h "s eggs to use4 ,any p]son re>+ que5s feels ! ne$ ( "t sav+ devices1 z !re is always some?+ to d :5 que5-re>+ is go+ on2 ,i h f\nd x s e day dur+ ! season4 ,"o ( ! small combs w conta9 en\gh eggs = fifty que5-cells1 & a good prolific que5 w fill su* a comb & put an egg 9 e cell dur+ ea* tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,does n ! read] see t by ?is arrangem5t !re are always fre% eggs at h&1 & ! exact age ( ! eggs c be kn[n to )9 almo/ an h\r8 ,?is "o ?+ alone is a great po9t ) me 9 my sy/em ( que5-re>+1 z ,i c "k1 & s c any "o :o practices ?is me?od1 j :5 to prep>e bees = cell-build+4 ,if a comb conta9+ eggs is remov$ e day & a clean comb ins]t$ 9 its place1 cell-build+ c g on e day 9 ! week2 & t is ! "r way to d if a supply ( que5s is to be kept up to meet ! dem&s ( cu/om]s ^: ord]s come by e mail4 ,n[ x may be t "o que5 w n supply all ! eggs ne$$1 or t x is desir$ to re> m ?an "o /ra9 ( que5s4 ,:5 ?is is s1 m bre$+ que5s may be us$1 & !y may be kept 9 small hives4 ,i h f\nd t "o good que5 w supply en\gh eggs = #aejj "y que5s 9 "o season4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a ,,h[ ,,to ,,/>t ,,! ,,que5-,,bre$] ,,colony ,i w n[ describe ! hive1 fig4 #a1 = keep+ ! bre$+ que5 91 & give ! dim5sions ( all ! p>ts s t any "o c make ! entire ?+4 ,sides ( hive1 #f 94 high #g 94 long 94 ?ick2 ends1 #f #f 941 94 ?ick4 ,make rabbit = frames to re/ on 94 9 ! #f #f 94 ?ick pieces4 ,z ! top b> ( frame is b 94 ?ick1 !re w be a bee-space ( 94 betwe5 ! cov] ( ! hive & ! top ( ! frame1 & pl5ty ( room "u ! frames = ! bees to clu/] & be kept out ( ! way :ile ! combs are be+ h&l$4 ,! bottom ( ! hive is #i #h 94 94 ?ick & is nail$ firmly to ! bottom ( ! box4 ,! top1 or cov]1 is ! same z ! bottom only !re are two #a 94 ?ick clamps nail$ on to prev5t ! bo>d f w>p+4 ,use 94 bo>ds = ! entire hive1 except+ ! sides1 z ^! hives mu/ necess>ily be out 9 all sorts ( wea!r1 & re/ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,x w be f\nd t ! wid? ( ! hive all[s = m room ?an a regul> bee-space = f\r frames1 b ?is is q an advantage :5 h&l+ ! frames1 z j a bee-space does n all[ suffici5t room = easy h&l+ ! combs2 & if !y g 9 closely ! que5 & _m ( ! bees may be cru%$ :5 ! frames are remov$4 ,! dim5sions ( ! frames are z foll[s3 ,top b> #f 942 bottom b> #e 942 end pieces #e 94 ,! top & bottom b>s are nail$ to ! end pieces4 ,a block is us$ to =m !m on :5 nail$1 s t :5 ! frames are put up !y are all alike4 ,to /ock ?is hive ) bees1 brood1 /ores & que51 remove f a full colony "o comb conta9+ brood 9 all /ages ( maturity ) ! que5 & adh]+ bees4 ,place ! hive on ! grass1 or a clo?1 & bru% ! bees f ! comb directly 9 front ( x4 ,!y w at once run 91 or1 at any rate1 /ay ab\t ! hive until ! combs are transf]r$ to ! small frames4 ,to cut ! combs 9 ! small frames1 lay ! full comb on a clean bo>d1 place "o ( ! little frames ov] x1 & ) a %>p knife cut ! brood into ! frame4 ,if nicely done no /r+s or /icks w be ne$$ to keep ! brood 9 ! frame4 ,"o ( ! combs %\ld conta9 honey1 poll51 etc4 ,! bees w soon repair ! damage done ! combs & brood1 &1 9 ! c\rse ( #bd h\rs1 ?is colony w be 9 condition = ! bus9ess ( produc+ eggs = que5-re>+4 ,if any clean & ne>ly new pieces ( comb ab\t ! size ( ! nucleus frame are at h& use !m = ! bre$+-que5 to deposit eggs 94 ,nev] place ! empty comb at ! side ( ! hive4 ,! que5 w utilize x at once if plac$ ne> ! c5tre ( ! brood-ne/4 ,9 f\r days aft] ins]t+ ! comb x w be fill$ ) eggs & l>vae 9 j ! light condition = cell-build+ & que5-re>+4 ,f ?is "t on a new comb c be giv5 ! nucleus ea* day4 ,if desir$ to />t cell-build+ e day 9 ! week1 eggs w always be f\nd 9 ! "r condition = use if ! above in/ructions are foll[$4 ,n[1 ,i dislike ! bo!r ( />t+ que5s e day4 ,to avoid do+ s & /ill h pl5ty ( eggs1 ,i use ?ree bre$+ que5s & />t cell-build+ e f\r? day4 ,i l ! idea ( hav+ hundr$s ( que5-cells gr[+ at "o "t4 ,!n :5 que5s hat* !y come 9 l>ge numb]s1 & c be s5t out by mail 9 ! same proportion4 ,a l>ge que5-deal] _c d a successful bus9ess on a small scale4 ,he mu/ bran* out & h que5s by ! hundr$s on h& at any "t dur+ ! season f :i* he c draw a supply ( f]tile que5s :5 ord]s are to be fill$4 ,,prep>+ ,a ,,colony ,,( ,,bees ,,= ,,que5-,,cell ,,build+ ,i ?9k ,i h made ! matt] ( gett+ eggs = que5-cells s cle> t all may und]/& h[ to proce$1 & n[ w give sev]al me?ods = prep>+ colonies ( bees = que5-cell build+4 ,i h always work$ on ! !ory t bees %\ld be put 9 prop] condition = re>+ que5s sev]al h\rs be=e any eggs are giv5 !m f :i* !y may re> que5s4 ,! entire colony %\ld be put 9 a 8broody0 /ate by deque5+ & !n giv5 six h\rs at lea/ to realize _! que5less condition4 ,!re are ?ree ways = do+ ?is4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b ,,me?od ,,numb] ,,"o ,be=e giv+ any ( ! me?ods ,i w describe "s ( ! necess>y app>atus to use 9 ?is arrangem5t4 ,"o ( ! h&ie/ ?+s = use 9 ! api>y is a wire scre5 %[n 9 fig4 #b4 ,?is scre5 is made 9 ab\t ! same /yle z a common w9d[ scre5 & ! size ( ! top ( ! brood-ne/ ( ! hive4 ,i always h at h& "s half doz5 ( ^! wire cov]s & !y come into use _m times :5 necess>y to conf9e bees 9 ! hive4 ,n[ :5 ready to 8seize0 a colony ( bees = ! purpose ( =c+ !m to re> que5s aga9/ _! natural w1 proce$ 9 ?is way3 ,if a colony work+ 9 sections is select$1 ! sup] %\ld be remov$ ! previ\s day & all ! bees all[$ to return to ! hive4 ,:5 ! sections are tak5 (f place ! scre5 on & j fa/5 x by "o or two small nails4 ,! next morn+ fa/5 ! bees 9 by us+ a simil> scre5 & suitable = conf9+ ! bees s t none c escape4 ,n[ ! colony is ready to be tak5 to ! bee-room & all ! bees remov$ f ! hive & combs4 ,to ! novice ?is may seem l a huge und]tak+1 yet x is n & does n require "o half ! "t to p]=m z x does to describe x s t x c be und]/ood4 ,i s arrange my work%op t all ! above "w is easily & quickly done4 ,:5 ! hive is tak5 to ! bee-room x is plac$ on ! cap ( a hive & !n ,i j sit d[n & at once comm5ce op]ations4 ,! fir/ ?+ is to give ! bees tobacco smoke at ! entrance z well z "s at ! top ?r\gh ! scre51 all ! :ile drum on ! hive1 or excite ! bees by /rik+ ! h&s on ! sides ( ! hive4 ,?is causes ! bees to fill ) honey & 9 ! c\rse ( t5 m9utes !y are ready & 9 condition to be bru%$ f ! combs into a box :]e !y w rema9 quiet until all are remov$ f ! combs & hive4 ,! scre5 is fir/ remov$ f ! top1 ! bees %ak5 f x1 !n ! combs are tak5 out1 "o at a "t1 & all ! bees bru%$ f !m into a hive-cap4 ,:ile do+ ?is "w "s ( ! bees may attempt to fly1 or crawl up ! sides ( ! cap1 if !y d1 m smoke is bl[n among !m1 :5 !y soon quiet d[n & rema9 s = q a:ile4 ,:5 all ! bees h be5 remov$1 ! que5 %\ld be hunt$ up4 ,if ! "w ( f9d+ ! que5 is rightly done1 x w n require b a few m9utes to f9d h]4 ,( c\rse ! bees mu/ be pu%$ ov] consid]ably 9 ! op]ation4 ,! be/ tool = su* a purpose is ! wide "p ( a #d #d section4 ,nev] use fea!rs or a small broom = su* "w4 ,:5 ! que5 is f\nd1 ! bees are =c$ into "o end ( ! cap by a sudd5 /rike ( ! box on ! floor1 & !n !y are quickly dump$ into ano!r box ! exact size ( ! hive ! bees 7 tak5 f4 ,?is latt] box has a wire-clo? bottom2 ! cov] is a scre5 same z above describ$4 ,?is arrangem5t gives ! bees all ne$$ air :ile conf9$4 ,x is necess>y to nail ?ree pieces ( wood in*es squ>e across ! bottom ( ! box s t ! air w n be %ut out :5 ! box is re/+ on any?+4 ,! bees are !n put 9 a cool place until ! "t arrives = giv+ !m eggs = cell-build+4 ,! bees dispos$ (1 we n[ h all ! brood ( a /rong colony to take c>e (4 ,n[ = ! fir/ two or ?ree colonies treat$ z above1 ,i divide ! brood among ! weak] colonies 9 ! api>y4 ,by ?is op]ation1 ! light colonies soon become /rong & 9 condition = ! fir/ fl[ ( honey4 ,at ?is /age ( ! "w1 we h a colony ( que5less bees2 ! brood dispos$ (1 & ev]y?+ is 9 read9ess = />t+ ! bees to build+ cell-cups 9 a natural & practical way4 ,we w n[ suppose ! bees h be5 que5less six h\rs4 ,! next move is to get ! frame1 or piece ( comb conta9+ ! eggs1 cut 9 /rips & fa/5 9 position s ! bees w at once comm5ce "w on cell-cups4 ,?is "w _c be done 9 a cold room4 ,h 9 ! work%op a ?ree-wick oil /ove1 n only = heat+ purposes b to use 9 o!r necess>y "w 9 que5-re>+ op]ation4 ,ano!r ?+ t mu/ be at h& is a t9 vessel 9 :i* !re are equal p>ts ( ros9 & bees-wax4 ,melt ^! on ! oil /ove1 mix ?or\ghly & :5 q hot x w be ready = use4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #c ,we w n[ suppose ! comb conta9+ eggs = que5-cells has be5 tak5 f ! hive & is at h& ready to be prep>$4 ,?is is cut 9 /rips by us+ a ?91 hot knife by ! l9es z %[n 9 fig4 #c4 ,n[ ! egg 9 ea* alt]nate cell ( ! /rips %\ld be remov$ 9 ord] t suffici5t room may be giv5 = l>ge que5-cells4 ,i "k ( no bett] way ( do+ ?is ?an by tak+ a common 8scrat*0 mat* betwe5 ! ?umb & =e f+]1 ins]t+ ! 8scrat*0 end 9 ! cell & rapidly twirl+ x = a mom5t4 ,?is effectively de/roys ! egg z %[n 9 fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d ,n[ ! next ?+ to d is to fa/5 ! comb on /rips ( wood & 9 su* a position t ! bees w con/ruct a l>ge numb] ( que5-cells4 ,fig4 #e illu/rates ?ree r[s ( complet$ que5-cells & ! mann] ( fa/5+ ! /rips ( comb to ! wood4 ,?is is done by lightly dipp+ ! /rips ( comb 9 ! wax mixture4 ,j t\* ! edges ( ! cells ( ! opposite side ( ^? 9 :i* ! eggs 7 de/roy$ & quickly place ! comb on ! wood4 ,! /rips ( wood m5tion$ "h1 b m fully describ$ on ano!r page1 are #a-d in*es ?ick1 #a in* wide & cut any l5g? desir$4 ,! que5-cells %[n are fa/5$ to su* /rips ( wood describ$4 ,! cells illu/rat$ are complet$ & ne>ly matur$1 or1 9 o!r words1 are ab\t ripe4 ,! illu/ration %[s b few cells2 ?is 0 ow+ to ! fact t !y 7 built late 9 ! season & f drawn f\ndation1 9 fact1 !y 7 ! la/ hat* ( que5-cells ( ! season #aijb4 ,e>li] 9 ! summ]1 ! bees "u ! same conditions w\ld h />t$ _m m que5-cells4 ,h[ev]1 ! illu/ration is ! be/ "o ,i h be5 able to obta9 ( complet$ que5-cells4 ,to g back to fa/5+ ! /rips ( eggs to ! pieces ( wood1 w say t :5 plac+ ! /rips 9 position if ! comb is press$ d[n a little h>d] at bo? ends ?an x is 9 ! middle1 x w be made a little curv+ on ! und]side1 ?us giv+ m room = ! que5-cells4 ,b ?is curv+ bus9ess mu/ n be c>ri$ too f>1 z too mu* curv+ w elongate ! cells & ! bees w remove ! egg f all su* & b few que5s w\ld be re>$4 ,! read] w appreciate ! fact t x is almo/ impossible to lay d[n any set rules1 or to describe e little detail connect$ ) ! re>+ ( que5 bees4 ,i c give all ! ma9 po9ts 9 ! bus9ess1 b ^? :o re> que5s by !m mu/ use good judgm5t & a fair am\nt ( common s5se4 ,t is :at is ne$$ 9 ! que5-re>+ bus9ess4 ,exp]im5t & practice are z mu* ne$$ 9 que5-re>+ z 9 any o!r occupation "o is at "w at4 ,a piece ( nice work] comb #e #e in*es squ>e w furni% all ! eggs a l>ge colony ( bees %\ld be all[$ to "w into que5-cells4 ,su* a piece ( comb if c>efully cut w make ab\t t5 /rips conta9+ a doz5 or m eggs4 ,always give eggs 9 proportion to ! quantity ( bees t are to d ! "w ( cell-build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e ,:5 ! /rips ( comb are fa/5$ to ! /icks & 9 ! frame1 !y %\ld be plac$ 9 a brood-box & ! balance ( ! space ( ! hive fill$ by combs ( honey & poll54 ,9 no case use combs t h brood 9 !m4 ,n[ all be+ ready set ! box ( bees 9 a conv5i5t place on ! floor3 put ! box ( combs betwe5 y\rself & ! bees4 ,) a sudd5 drop ( ! box on ! floor all ! bees w g to ! bottom & be=e !y c recov] f _! surprise1 remove ! cov]1 place x on ! box ( combs & quickly place ! combs ov] ! box ( bees4 ,n[ all ! labor is done except+ giv+ ! bees wat] until ! next morn+4 ,all ?is "w c be done )\t ev5 "o bee escap+ 9 ! entire op]ation4 ,! bees c be left 9 ! bee-room ov] night1 & plac$ on ! /& ab\t #aj o'clock ! foll[+ day4 ,wat] may be suppli$ !m :ile conf9$ by spla%+ a little ov] ! frames & on ! bees1 ?r\gh ! wire cov] at ! top4 ,:5 ! bees are releas$ !y may be some:at excit$1 n be+ :olly reconcil$ to loss ( _! que54 ,to pacify !m place a cag$ que5 at ! entrance = a few h\rs1 !n !y w quickly quiet d[n & ! que5 c be tak5 away & all w g on z ?\gh no?+ _h happ5$ to ! colony4 ,! bees are left #bd h\rs to build cell-cups1 & !n ano!r ?+ mu/ be done if fir/-class que5s are to be re>$4 ,n[ ! colony to :i* ! eggs are giv5 w comm5ce to build f #dj to #fj cell-cups1 or w\ld re> f #dj to #fj que5s if none ( ! cell-cups 7 remov$4 ,b su* a ?+ %\ld nev] be p]mitt$1 z n "o que5 out ( all ^? re>$ w\ld be ( any good4 ,%\ld ! colony comm5ce to build #fj cell-cups1 ! prop] ?+ to d w\ld be to divide t numb] ( cells equally among ?ree /rong colonies ( bees4 ,well1 y say1 h[ c ?is be done8 ,if at ?is "t bees are ga!r+ honey f ! fields & 9 a high /ate ( success1 ! cell-cups c be plac$ above a colony ( bees z has be5 & is n[ practic$ by _m bre$]s ( que5-bees4 ,i want x und]/ood1 h[ev]1 t ,i d n s advise anyone1 z by ! me?od to foll[ ?is v mu* bett] que5s are re>$4 ,yet if bees are 9 a sw>m+ mood1 pretty good que5s are re>$ ov] ! brood-ne/4 ,i %all advise all n to re> que5s by above me?od except+ at sw>m+ "t1 z "u no o!r conditions c good que5s be re>$ by su* a sy/em :5 any k9d ( a que5 is 9 ! hive ! bees occupy4 ,( c\rse1 if a colony is ab\t to sup]s$e its que51 fairly good que5s are re>$ :ile a que5 is 9 ! colony4 ,only a few ( ! que5s re>$ "u ! sup]s$5ce process are fir/-class4 ,bees d n seem to "w ) t int]e/ :5 sup]s$+ an old que5 z !y d :5 absolutely que5less1 or are ab\t to ca/ a sw>m4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,us+ ,,"y ,,bees ,,9 ,,que5-,,re>+ ,i h giv5 ?ree me?ods ( prep>+ bees = cell-build+4 ,! f9al result is ! same 9 all cases4 ,! only diff]5ce be+ 9 ! mann] ( do+ ! "w ( prep>+ ! bees4 ,n[1 h[ _m ( my read]s und]/& ! correct !ory ( tak+ all ! bees ( a colony = su* "w r ?an only a "p ( x8 ,let me describe4 ,old bees w n & _c re> good que5s2 !y w comm5ce cell-cups & complete que5-cells1 b no /rong que5s w come f !m4 ,:y is ?is s8 ,simply because old bees h pass$ f ! /age ( nurses to ! sph]e ( honey & poll5-ga!r]s1 or out-door work]s4 ,old bees _c prep>e ! prop] food = nurs+ ei!r work] or que5-bee l>vae4 ,:at are consid]$ old bees 9 ?is connection are ^? t h be5 made que5less & kept s f ?ree days to a week2 su* bees are ( no value z cell-build]s1 z aft] be+ que5less ?irty-six h\rs !y seem to lose _! en?usiasm & int]e/ 9 ! "w4 ,n[ z to ! correct !ory ( tak+ all ! bees ( a colony = cell-build+ or = re>+ que5s4 ,by su* an op]ation e nurse bee 9 ! hive is tak51 & ?is includes ?\s&s ( j hat*$ bees t are matur+ ea* day z nurse bees1 ?us keep+ up a con/ant supply ( nurses4 ,h[ _m ( ! read]s ( ?is "w ev] wat*$ bees build+ que5-cells 9 an obs]vatory hive8 ,:y1 a que5-cell1 until x is capp$ is nev] )\t a work] bee's head 9 x4 ,! "y bees keep a con/ant wat* ov] ! little worm )91 & x is suppos$ t ea* bee t ?ru/s its head into ! cell leaves a small am\nt ( royal jelly4 ,y all "k t e cell f :i* a /rong & heal?y que5 has em]g$ conta9s a lump ( royal food z l>ge z a pea4 ,! am\nt is greatly 9 excess ( ! ne$s ( ! royal occupant4 ,x is ! "y bees t d all ! labor 9 ! hive & 9 re>+ que5s1 & ! m "y bees !re are engag$ 9 ! "w ! bett] w be ! quality ( ! que5s re>$4 ,by ?is ! read] w und]/& :y all ! bees ( a colony %\ld be us$ 9 build+ cell-cups & 9 complet+ que5-cells4 ,has any "o connect$ ) ! re>+ ( que5-bees ev] be=e expla9$ ?is po9t 9 any book or publication8 ,not)/&+ ! fact t "y bees are con/antly matur+ z nurse bees1 z above detail$1 x is n good policy to compel any giv5 lot ( bees to comm5ce cell-cup build+ a second "t4 ,aft] once />t+ "o bat* ( cell-cups ! int]e/ & en?usiasm has vani%$1 & pretty poor "w w be done4 ,h5s1 ducks & birds ( all k9ds w sit on _! eggs = a "t1 b !re is a limit to ! 8broody0 condition 9 all su* cases4 ,h5s h be5 kn[n to sit six weeks1 or r h be5 compell$ to sit long en\gh to 8hat* out0 a second brood ( *ick5s4 ,b 9 _m su* cases ! ne/ is des]t$ be=e ! second lot ( eggs mature4 ,x's b little use to ov]work ,nature4 ,natural laws mu/ be obs]v$ 9 all su* cases4 ,?is ,i h tri$ to apply to all my op]ations 9 que5-re>+4 ,,prep>+ ,,bees ,,= ,,cell-,,build+ ,,me?od ,,numb] ,,two ,my favorite way ( prep>+ bees = cell-build+ is giv5 9 ,me?od ,no4 #a4 ,no d\bt _m w say !y _c d any ?+ ( ! k9d2 'tis too fussy & takes too mu* "t1 etc4 ,x is n fussy nor 9 any way difficult to p]=m4 ,h[ev]1 ,i w give two o!r me?ods = prep>+ bees = cell-build+1 mak+ a colony que5less1 etc4 ,we mu/ />t 9 ! same z 9 case ,no4 #a1 t is1 ! sections mu/ be remov$ ! day previ\s4 ,n[ proce$ 9 ! usual way ( 8drumm+ out0 a sw>m4 ,! prop] way to d ?is1 & ! way ,i practic$ artificial sw>m+1 or divid+ a colony ( bees1 is z foll[s3 ,bl[ rott5wood smoke among ! bees ?r\gh ! entrance2 ?is s al>ms ! colony t all ! bees comm5ce to fill _! sacs ) honey4 ,by drumm+ on sides ( ! hive1 :ile smok+ is be+ done1 greatly helps 9 ! op]ation4 ,:5 ! bees seem ready to g up into ! cap1 m smoke %\ld be introduc$ & a vigor\s drumm+ on ! hive kept up4 ,9 ?is way ab\t two-?irds ( ! colony w run up into ! cap4 ,n[ give !m a few m9utes to sort ( settle d[n & become quiet4 ,remove ! cap1 inv]t x & ?r[ a clo? ov] ! box4 ,give ! bees a few puffs ( tobacco smoke "u ! clo?4 ,9 a few m9utes ! clo? c be remov$1 ! que5 hunt$ out & ! bees dump$ into a box same z describ$ 9 ,me?od ,no4 #a4 ,by ?is plan bees1 9 ei!r box or frame hives1 c be utiliz$ = que5-re>+4 ,! que5 c be re-introduc$ at once4 ,9 a few h\rs1 bees ?us prep>$1 w be ready to build que5-cells & all t is necess>y to d is to proce$ z 9 case ( ,no4 #a4 ,,me?od ,,numb] ,,?ree ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ remove ! que5 f a popul\s colony4 ,at night !y w be 9 a prop] condition = cell-build+4 ,:5 ready1 prep>e ! eggs & que5-re>+ hive z giv5 above4 ,remove ! que5less colony to a new /&1 tw5ty feet away1 & put ! que5-re>+ hive 9 its place4 ,n[ aft] arrang+ to bru% ! bees d[n 9 front ( ! latt] hive1 take out ! combs ( ! que5less colony & bru% or %ake1 at lea/ "o-half ( ! bees 9 front ( ! que5-re>+ hive4 ,!y w all run 9 & at once comm5ce to con/ruct que5-cells1 & ! next day w be se5 work+ j ! same z if no?+ _h happ5$ to !m4 ,! que5 remov$ 9 ! morn+ may be giv5 back to ! old colony4 ,?is op]ation s depopulates ! colony t little w be done 9 ! sup]s = a week or t5 days4 ,b z ! combs are fill$ ) brood 9 all /ages1 & z ! que5 is ) !m1 ! /ock w soon recov] & get back 9 f9e condition4 ,i h tri$ to make ! above v cle>4 ,( c\rse x is all pla9 & easy to me1 b h[ o!r p c translate x s z to und]/& x is ! "q4 ,9 none ( ! works ,i h publi%$ 7 ! me?ods made s cle>1 b ne>ly all :o read ^! books h /at$ t !y _h no tr\ble 9 re>+ que5s by ! me?ods giv54 ,! 8,beekeep]s' ,h&y ,book10 a "w ( ne>ly #bjj pages1 & 8,?irty ,ye>s ,among ! ,bees0 7 treatises on que5-re>+ publi%$ by me )9 ! la/ fifte5 ye>s4 ,"s #ejjj copies 7 issu$ & bo? books are n[ out ( pr9t4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,re> ,,! ,,v ,,be/ ,,que5s ,( all ! me?ods ,i h giv5 or %all give = hav+ cell-cups1 or que5-cells complet$1 none ( !m w comp>e ) ! "o giv5 bel[4 ,i believe ?is me?od is entirely new4 ,c]ta9 am ,i t x nev] has appe>$ 9 any publication1 nor has x ev5 be5 br\ght to my notice by anyone4 ,aft] read+ :at foll[s ! read] w und]/& :y ,i advis$ lett+ que5less bees "w on cell-cups f twelve to tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,9 ! c\rse ( twelve h\rs aft] bees h work$ on ! que5 cells1 remove ! que5 f "o ( ! /ronge/ colonies 9 ! y>d4 ,twelve h\rs lat] remove "o ( ! side combs f ! hive & ?ree or f\r o!r combs lat]ally s z to leave space 9 ! c5tre ( ! brood-ne/ = "o ( ! frames on :i* ! que5-cells are />t$4 ,n[ cov] up ) a sup] or 9 any way to suit ! conv5i5ce ( ! api>i/4 ,n lat] ?an five days remove ! frame ( complet$ que5-cells to a que5less colony1 replace ! combs 9 ! hive j z !y 7 at ! />t & re9troduce ! que5 & nev] m9d ab\t look+ ! combs ov] = que5-cells1 z ! old que5 w be well receiv$ & w soon de/roy all que5-cells t may h be5 />t$4 ,( c\rse if !re are cell-cups en\gh />t$ by ! que5less bees1 say #dj or #fj1 n less ?an ?ree /rong colonies %\ld be prep>$ z p] above1 z #bj que5-cells are z _m z ! l>ge/ /ock ( bees %\ld complete4 ,! above op]ation does n s di/urb ! bees t !y w des]t ! sections4 ,9 all ?is "w x is bett] to be quiet & d ! "w z quickly z possible4 ,also d z mu* ( x at ab\t sunset z t late h\r w p]mit4 ,,necessity ,,( ,,que5less ,,bees ,"r "h w be f\nd ! necessity ( que5less bees 9 ! api>y4 ,su* colonies mu/ c>e = ! complet$ que5-cells :5 remov$ f ! colony t built !m until su* a "t z ! cells c be transf]r$ to nuclei or ! nurs]y4 ,"o do+ a l>ge que5-re>+ bus9ess w ne$ sev]al que5less colonies at all times4 ,n only mu/ que5less bees be us$ 9 c>+ = que5-cells1 b = que5s conf9$ 9 ! que5 nurs]y4 ,:5 ! bees are remov$ f a hive = ! purpose ( />t+ m cell-cups1 ! bees t h j complet$ a bat* ( cells may be put on ! combs & a que5 giv5 !m at once1 & 9 a %ort "t1 say two weeks1 su* a colony w be 9 z good condition z any 9 ! y>d4 ,?is ?+ c g all ?r\gh ! que5-re>+ season4 ,only a few colonies ne$ be made que5less 9 ! beg9n+1 & !n no colony w ( necessity ne$ be que5less4 ,i w\ld n advise us+ "o colony = cell-build+ b once 9 f\r weeks4 ,x requires a lot ( colonies to re> que5s 9 ! above way1 b ! results are s satisfactory x w be f\nd mu* ! *eape/ 9 ! end4 ,good que5s is ! ma9 po9t 9 que5-re>+4 ,nev] m9d ab\t ! co/4 ,if ! "r me?ods are us$ 9 re>+ que5s1 good que5s w co/ no m ?an poor ones4 ,bee-keep]s ! _w ov] are int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( bett] que5s4 ,we all "k t que5s to supply ! dem& mu/ be re>$ by :at is call$ artificial me?ods4 ,! be/ me?ods mu/ be put 9 practice if ! bee-keep+ public is to be satisfi$4 ,*eap & inf]ior que5s h _h _! day1 & ^? :o re> ! be/ w get ! bus9ess & !y %\ld h x1 too4 ,,fe$+ ,,:ile ,,que5-,,re>+ ,,is ,,go+ ,,on ,x %\ld be und]/ood t :5 que5-re>+ is go+ on & no =age 9 ! fields1 fe$+ mu/ be resort$ to2 a syrup compos$ ( honey & granulat$ sug> w answ] all "r = food4 ,fe$+ n only keeps up ! excitem5t1 b ! int]e/ 9 ! "w ! bees are do+4 ,keep up a lib]al supply until ! cells are capp$4 ,dur+ ! pa/ season ,i conduct$ "s exp]im5ts 9 fe$+ cle> honey & cle> sug> syrup :ile cell-build+ 0 go+ on4 ,! results ( my exp]im5ts cle>ly %[ t sug> syrup ) "s honey is j z good to fe$ bees 9 que5-re>+ z ! be/ honey4 ,?is fact ,i c\ld n believe until ,i _h made ! above exp]im5t2 !re=e x w be se5 t food has no influ5ce :atev] on ! quality ( ! que5s re>$4 ,o!r conditions & circum/ances d h a positive influ5ce on ! embryo que5s2 l>ge colonies1 ?\s&s ( "y bees1 pl5ty ( /ores ( bo? honey & poll51 & !n :5 ! colony is put 9 f9e condition = que5-re>+1 ! result is f9e que5s4 ,obs]ve all ^! conditions if success is desir$4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,nurs]y ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,x ,"o w\ld naturally ?9k t :5 a lot ( ripe que5-cells are at h& ! ?+ to d w\ld be to =m nuclei = ! reception ( ! cells or "y que5s4 ,x is n s 9 my case4 ,i nev] all[ que5s to hat* 9 nuclei4 ,my reasons = ?is are _m4 ,i l to secure a l>ge numb] ( que5s1 say #ej or #ajj1 & critically exam9e ea* "o to see t !y are all "r be=e mak+ up nucleus colonies4 ,all ( my que5s are hat*$ 9 nurs]ies & 9 su* cages z illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #f4 ,! size ( ^! cages is su* t #ce ( !m j fill "o /&>d ,lang/ro? frame hav+ a ?9 top b>4 ,^! cages are saw$ & fitt$ s nicely t !y w /ay 9 ! frame )\t fa/5+s ( any k9d4 ,x w be se5 t !re are two holes 9 ! edge ( ! cage4 ,"o is = a que5-cell1 ! o!r = a small piece ( sponge :i* is fill$ ) honey slightly dilut$ ) wat]4 ,! wat] prev5ts ! sponge dry+ too quickly & ! honey furni%es food = ! "y que5s "s two weeks4 ,:5 ! cages are ready1 & ! cells 9 !m1 a frame is fill$ & !n is plac$ 9 ! c5t] ( a l>ge colony ( bees1 & betwe5 two full combs ( brood4 ,?is sort ( hive-incubator works spl5didly & 9 ! c\rse ( #dh h\rs all ! "y que5s w be hat*$ out1 :5 ! nurs]y %\ld be remov$ & plac$ 9 a que5less colony or 9 a colony nurs+ unhat*$ que5s4 ,be=e any "y que5s are introduc$ !y %\ld be closely exam9$1 & if any are f\nd n up to ! /&>d1 or 9 any way inf]ior1 !y %\ld be de/roy$4 ,if any cells conta9+ inf]ior que5s are giv5 nucleus1 or inf]ior que5s introduc$1 & n look$ aft] until !y h be5 9 ! hive long en\gh to become f]tile1 x w be f\nd t mu* valuable "t has be5 lo/4 ,i _c af=d to take su* *ances1 !re=e ,i want to see & exam9e all que5s be=e giv+ !m to colonies4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f ,! above is "o ( ! reasons :y ,i use a que5 nurs]y2 ano!r reason is t ea* nurs]y cage is equal to a nucleus colony4 ,my plan has always be5 to h que5s ready to give nuclei 9 ?ree days aft] remov+ a lay+ que54 ,t is z soon z a virg9 que5 c safely be introduc$ 9 su* cases4 ,! que5 nurs]y is "o ( ! mo/ valuable implem5ts any que5 bre$] c h 9 8 api>y4 ,no?+ has ev] be5 devis$ t equals its usefulness4 ,i surely c\ld n re> & %ip ! l>ge numb] ( que5s ,i d e ye> )\t us+ a nurs]y1 or go+ to ! exp5se ( runn+ d\ble ! numb] ( nucleus colonies to take ! places ( ! nurs]y cages4 ,! nurs]y saves ab\t "o half ! exp5se 9 money & bees1 z well z mu* labor4 ,i n only use ! nurs]y = virg9 que5s & cell-hat*+1 b = keep+ a supply ( f]tile que5s all ?r\gh ! season4 ,! nurs]y illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #g is ( an old patt]n1 takes b #ah cages & accommodates only z _m que5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #g ,,=m+ ,,nuclei ,?is "p ( que5-re>+ rem9ds me ( ! rem>k made by ,mr4 ,s4 ,m4 ,locke :5 he return$ to ,w5ham aft] sp5d+ two or ?ree seasons ) ,d4 ,a4 ,jones & ,j4 ,h4 ,nellis1 bo? ( :om 7 engag$ l>gely 9 ! que5-re>+ bus9ess4 ,i made up a lot ( nuclei :ile ,mr4 ,l4 look$ on & saw my way ( do+ su* ?+s4 8,well10 says ,mr4 ,l41 8,i nev] saw nuclei made up 9 su* a quick & easy way60 ,my way may be bett] ?an "s o!rs d x4 ,i plan to d all my "w 9 ! easie/ & quicke/ way4 ,i f9d no "t to wa/e 9 ! que5-re>+ bus9ess4 ,9 =m+ nucleus colonies ,i w fir/ give a way t all mu/ practice :5 />t+ 9 on que5-re>+4 ,all my nucleus hives1 or boxes1 are ! same z is illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #a4 ,i l ?is /yle f> bett] ?an any ,i h ev] tri$4 ,always h _h ! be/ ( success 9 gett+ que5s f]tiliz$ 9 !m1 &1 9 fact1 nev] h _h any tr\ble ) ^! hives 9 any way4 ,"s p suppose1 & naturally en\gh too1 t :]e ^! little colonies are kept 9 ! same y>d ) /rong colonies1 t mu* robb+ w\ld be go+ on4 ,x is n s1 & ,i nev] h _h any robb+ 9 my api>y4 ,no good bee-keep]1 x seems to me1 s does 8 "w 9 ! api>y t robb+ is induc$4 ,( c\rse :5 putt+ up que5s ! nuclei mu/ be op5$ 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,sometimes robb]s come ar\nd to see :at is go+ on4 ,! "w ( remov+ a que5 is quickly p]=m$ & if /range bees appe> ! hive is clos$2 t is1 combs replac$1 cov] put on & a h&ful ( grass is ?r[n aga9/ ! entrance4 ,:ile ! bees ( ! colony c f9d _! way out ( & into ! hive1 no /range bee d>es to try to ent]4 ,if ,i 7 ab\t to />t 9 que5-re>+ ,i w\ld =m nuclei 9 ab\t ?is way3 ,r ?an de/roy ! nice /raight combs ( a /&>d hive ,i w\ld j look ar\nd ! c\ntry = "s box-hives4 ,i really love to g ?r\gh ^? back-numb] ?+s2 !y are an eye-sore to me4 ,take ! hive into ! bee-room & treat ! bees same z 9 case ( gett+ 8bees = cell-build+40 ,take (f side ( hive1 cut out ! combs & bru% all ! bees f !m into a hive-cap4 ,:5 all are out dump ! bees into ! box us$ = conf9+ bees = que5-re>+4 ,next move is to cut ! combs into ! little frames4 ,aft] fir/ nail+ scre5s to cov] entrance to ! hives 9 su* a way t ! bees w h pl5ty ( fre% air1 ! boxes %\ld ea* h ?ree combs put 9 !m4 ,"o ( ! combs %\ld be brood1 ! o!rs may be brood1 honey1 etc4 ,"o comb ( honey may be put 9 aft] ! bees are 94 ,h at h& all ! cov]s s !y c be put on quickly aft] ! bees are put 94 ,we return n[ to ! bees 9 ! conf9+ box1 & all is 9 read9ess = divid+ !m up 9 p9t lots among ! hives4 ,next /ep is to get ! bees 9 condition to be h&l$ )\t fly+ :ile !y are be+ dol$ out to ! sev]al hives4 ,bl[ tobacco smoke among !m until !y seem quiet4 ,n[ ?is does n mean to keep up a fl[ ( smoke until ! bees drop to ! bottom ( ! box4 ,use b little smoke at any "t1 or until ! bees /op runn+ ab\t ! box4 ,9 ! c\rse ( #e or #aj m9utes !y w be ready to h&le4 ,/rike ! bees d[n into ! bottom ( ! box by dropp+ x on ! floor4 ,) a light measure 7t9 "o is be/7 hold+ ab\t a p9t & hav+ a h&le sev]al in*es long1 divide ! bees among ! nucleus hives 9 ne>ly equal p>ts z possible4 ,if ! bees h be5 put 9 ! "r condition by ! tobacco1 !y c be h&l$ j ab\t ! same z s _m beans4 ,( c\rse !re w be a que5 to look up4 ,h[ev]1 ?is is an easy matt]4 ,r ?an sp5d ! "t to look h] up %e is all[$ to g 9 ) ! bees4 ,:5 ! nuclei are =m$1 ! bees 9 ! hive 9 :i* ! que5 happ5s to be w be f\nd m quiet ?an ^? t h no que5s4 ,unless ,i h "s use = su* a que5 %e is all[$ to rema9 ) ! bees & build up a prosp]\s colony2 t is1 prosp]\s = su* a small hive4 ,sometimes ,i h z _m z half a doz5 que5s cag$ 9 my bee-room4 ,!y are plac$ on ! bottom sa% ( ! w9d[ & all ! bees 9 ! room collect & clu/] on ! cages1 attract$ & held !re a long "t by ! que5s4 ,! bees fe$ & o!rwise take good c>e ( !m4 ,ano!r way to d1 & a ?+ ,i (t5 d is ?is3 ,i sometimes pur*ase bees 9 box-hives1 transf] ! combs & !n put bees & combs 9 a hive t takes #ac ( ! frames1 us+ two sections = a l>ge colony4 ,! #bf combs give a l>ge am\nt ( bre$+ room & su* a colony v quickly builds up to a l>ge & prosp]\s "o4 ,su* a hive is illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h ,! bees ?us treat$ soon repair ! combs & get into f9e condition to be transf]r$ to ! small hives4 ,:5 nuclei are =m$ z above1 !y %\ld be kept conf9$ 9 ! hives f #bd to #dh h\rs be=e be+ releas$1 !n remove ! scre5s at night :5 too late = bees to fly4 ,! next morn+ ! colony w be f\nd ready = bus9ess4 ,by ?is "t ! bees w h m or less que5-cells1 or cell-cups />t$1 & fully reconcil$ to ! new /ate ( ?+s1 & only a few ( ! old] bees w return to ! /& !y _h previ\sly occupi$4 ,! only ?+ t c be done ) ^! hives is to set !m on ! gr\nd 9 any place 9 ! api>y4 ,/ill1 x is a good idea to take !m away f home = sev]al weeks :5 !y may be return$ to ! home y>d & no bees w\ld return to ! old location4 ,i sometimes h sev]al que5-re>+ y>ds two miles ap>t :]e my nuclei are kept dur+ ! entire season--sev]al hundr$ nucleus colonies are made up & at once tak5 away & 9 ?is way our api>ies are e/abli%$1 b = nuclei only4 ,if m conv5i5t to d s bees may be br\ght f a di/ance = =m+ nucleus colonies1 & :5 ?is me?od is practic$ ! bees c be plac$ 9 ! home y>d4 ,?is plan works nicely z ,i h f\nd :5 =m+ nuclei4 ,,introduc+ ,,que5s ,we h n[ come to "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ p>ts ( apiculture1 & t "p ( que5-re>+ t has be5 ! cause ( mu* tr\ble & a great deal ( discussion = _m ye>s4 ,:5 x comes to ! introduction ( que5s1 ei!r f]tile or unf]tile1 ne>ly all bee-keep]s1 :e!r exp]ts or novices1 are all at sea4 ,9 ! case ( introduc+ unf]tile que5s1 "o ?+ %\ld be kept 9 m9d1 namely1 ! old] ! virg9 que5 ! m difficult & dang]\s x is to safely introduce !m4 ,virg9 que5s1 s f> z bees are conc]n$1 cease to be 8baby0 que5s :5 !y are ?ree days old2 aft] t x is v difficult to introduce !m1 ?\gh ,i h no tr\ble 9 introduc+ !m successfully by us+ tobacco smoke4 ,i _c say :i* is ! mo/ difficult to introduce1 virg9 or f]tile que5s4 ,x requires 9 ei!r case "s little exp]i5ce 9 ord] to be successful4 ,"s times bees w de/roy a /range que5 ev5 :5 %e is introduc$ "u ! mo/ favorable conditions4 ,no "o c introduce a virg9 que5 successfully unless ! bees to receive h] h be5 que5less at lea/ ?ree days4 ,9 all my exp]i5ce ,i h practic$ b "o me?od ( introduc+ que5s4 ,x is :at ,i t]m ! ?ree-day plan4 ,i seldom lose a que5 by x4 ,no d\bt o!r bee-keep]s h z good me?ods ( introduc+ que5s z ,i h4 ,b ! fir/ & la/ que5s ,i h introduc$ 7 by ! sy/em giv5 bel[4 ,i _c ?9k ( giv+ up a sure ?+ = some?+ ,i "k no?+ ab\t4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,introduce ,,virg9 ,,que5s ,my plan is to let colonies1 :e!r full /ocks or nucleus1 rema9 que5less ?ree days1 or n f> f #gb h\rs4 ,!n j be=e d>k ! que5s are giv5 ! bees by ?is process3 ,i g5]ally h f #be to #ej virg9 que5s to introduce at "o "t4 ,! cages are plac$ 9 a conv5i5t box hav+ a h&le4 ,!n z _m planta9 leaves z !re are que5s to introduce are pull$ & put 9 ! box ready = use4 ,^! leaves are = clos+ ! entrance to ea* hive 9 :i* que5s are to be plac$4 ,arm$ ) ! pipe be=e m5tion$1 all is 9 read9ess = introduc+ ! que5s4 ,! fe$] us$ at ! top ( ! hive is remov$1 a good dose ( smoke is bl[n 9 among ! bees & combs4 ,! fe$] replac$ until ! /opp] 9 ! cage is remov$1 & !n ! que5 by a quick motion is ?r[n out & into ! fe$] hole4 ,!n ! fe$] is aga9 quickly put 9 position1 & no fur!r att5tion is giv5 ! bees4 ,i h introduc$ successfully z _m z fifty virg9 que5s 9 ?irty m9utes4 ,! art ( introduc+ unf]tile que5s requires m exp]i5ce to be successful ?an x does to introduce f]tile que5s4 ,9 fact1 "o mu/ be v apt1 possess a good deal ( tact1 & ,i c almo/ say1 mu/ be v sci5tific4 ,h[ev]1 mo/ any bee-keep] c le>n h[ to p]=m su* "w successfully4 ,"o may read h[ o!rs d ^! ?+s1 b practical k1 9 ord] to "k all ! little details ( su* intricate & delicate "w z introduc+ que5s c only be _h by long practice & exp]i5ce4 ,j h[ mu* tobacco smoke to give ! bees :5 introduc+ a que5 is a po9t t requires m or less practice & good judgm5t4 ,i nev] h be5 s un=tunate z to give bees too mu* smoke at su* times4 ,am n c]ta9 t bees c be kill$ by tobacco smoke if !y c get fre% air soon aft] smok+ !m4 ,! effect ( ! smoke soon passes (f & ! bees resume a normal condition4 ,be> 9 m9d t unless ! "w ( introduc+ que5s by us+ tobacco is done v late 9 ! day1 or on "s cool day :5 bees _c fly v mu*1 y\r api>y w be ru9$1 z robb+ may be induc$4 ,tobacco smoke puts ! bees 9 su* a condition !y _c def5d _! /ores f robb] bees1 & once robb+ is comm5c$ among ! small nuclei x is almo/ impossible to /op x4 ,%\ld su* a ?+ happ5 x w\ld be necess>y to remove ! entire nuclei to a di/ant location4 ,,introduc+ ,,f]tile ,,que5s ,x requires "s exp]i5ce & practice to introduce f]tile que5s4 ,all[ all full colonies to be que5less ?ree days be=e giv+ !m a /range que54 ,ev5 a que5 remov$ f a colony b tw5ty-f\rs1 if return$ w\ld be receiv$ z a /range que54 ,n[ :5 ! colony has be5 que5less sev5ty-two h\rs1 give ! bees tobacco smoke & let ! que5 92 or all[ ! bees to eat ! c&y-food out & lib]ate h]4 ,! smoke f a cig> or pipe w d to introduce f]tile que5s1 b n virg9 que5s4 ,nev] put a que5 ne> ! bees ( a colony %e is to be giv5 to until ready to introduce h]4 ,_m make ?is mi/ake4 ,t[>d d>k is ! "t to introduce que5s :e!r or n tobacco is us$4 ,c]ta9ly ?is has be5 my exp]i5ce4 ,9 introduc+ que5s by us+ tobacco x is n necess>y to give ! bees a p[]ful dose ( smoke4 ,give en\gh smoke s t ! bees w feel ! effects ( x pretty well4 ,! tobacco sort ( odorizes ! combs1 bees & que51 s t all are sc5t$ alike4 ,:5 ! bees recov] f ! effects ( ! smoke !y really don't rememb] :e!r !y 7 ev] )\t a que51 s !y take k9dly to ! new que5 & no tr\ble ensues4 ,i once tri$ a 8*ew0 ( tobacco4 ,0 on my way to s*ool4 ,9 a %ort "t ,i didn't c>e :e!r s*ool kept or n1 9 fact1 ,i h>dly knew any?+ ab\t x ,i 0 s sick4 ,t 0 my fir/ & la/ 8*ew0 ( tobacco4 ,n[ ,i imag9e ! bees feel some:at 9 t way :5 !y are made sick by tobacco4 ,bees _c be kill$ by tobacco if !y are giv5 ! air4 ,! planta9 leaves by :i* ! entrance hole is /opp$ is ?r[n out1 or s loos5$ be=e ! next morn+ t ! bees get all ! air !y ne$4 ,"o pass+ by ! hives 9 :i* que5s 7 introduc$ ! previ\s ev5+ _c discov] t su* "w 0 done by any indications ab\t ! hive or bees4 ,,objectionable ,,drones2 ,,h[ ,,to ,,cat* ,,& ,,de/roy ,if black bees1 hybrid bees1 or1 9 fact any bees t are to be us$ 9 que5-re>+ h undesirable drones among !m !y c be easily caught & de/roy$4 ,! mo/ effective way ( do+ ?is is :5 ! bees are put to "w build+ que5-cells4 ,my way ( do+ x is z foll[s3 ,at ! "t ! hive = cell-build+ is prep>$ & is ready to place ov] ! bees z giv5 on page #bc1 a metal division-bo>d is put on ! box & !n ! hive conta9+ ! prep>$ /rips1 combs1 etc41 is quickly plac$ on ! metal4 ,ne>ly all ! work] bees at once g up into ! box above1 leav+ ! drones bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj ,9 plac+ ! bees on ! /& x is n necess>y to use smoke ( any k9d4 ,fir/1 place a bottom-bo>d 9 position & quietly raise ! box conta9+ ! bees1 lett+ ! re> end /rike ! bottom-bo>d 9 su* a way t ! combs w n be di/urb$ & gradually l[]+ ! hive s z n to cru% any bees4 ,! box ( drones may be s plac$ aga9/ ! front end ( ! bottom-bo>d t all ! "y bees1 if any are left 9 ! box1 may run out1 leav+ ! drones bel[ ! metal to p]i%4 ,j su* a frame z is us$ = ! wire scre5 cov] may be us$ to nail ! metal to1 z ! entire top ( ! box %\ld be cov]$ 9 ord] to cat* all ! drones4 ,h[ to cat* & de/roy drones 9 full colonies w be expla9$ "u ! head ( 8,drone & ,que5-traps40 ,,description ,,( ,,que5-,,cell ,,frame ,9 my e>ly exp]i5ce 9 re>+ que5s ,i us$ combs 9 /&>d ,l frames to atta* ! /rips ( comb conta9+ ! eggs = que5-cells4 ,:ile su* an arrangem5t work$ well 9 #c-;frame nucleus colonies1 !re are disadvantages 9 s do+ :5 us$ 9 full colonies & by my pres5t sy/em ( que5-re>+2 !re=e ,i adopt$ ! all-wood frame & 9 comb9ation ) ! wood-/rips z %[n 9 fig4 #e & x works nicely4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aa ,! frame is a /&>d ,l /yle into :i* are nail$ two pieces ( wood ,a ,a4 ,!re are f\r not*es cut 9 on ! inn] edges two in*es a "p1 into :i* ! f\r pieces ( wood are plac$ & are ?us held firmly 9 position4 ,by exam9+ ! que5-cells illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #e1 x w be se5 t !y are long & po9t$1 also v heavily wax$ & corrugat$4 ,!y d n mu* resemble ! r[ ( que5-cells lately illu/rat$ 9 "o ( ! bee-pap]s4 ,! heavy wax+ & l>ge1 long cells are ! /ronge/ indications t su* cells conta9 v h>dy & p]fect que5s4 ,fig4 #i illu/rates a p]fect que5-cell1 :ile fig4 #aj %[s a que5-cell t always conta9s inf]ior que5s4 ,que5-cells t are %ort1 blunt-end1 ?9-wall$ & ?9ly wax$1 z %[n 9 fig4 #aj1 conta9 v inf]ior que5s1 & all su* cells %\ld be de/roy$4 ,!y are j su* que5-cells z bees make :5 !y h a que5 ( any k9d 9 ! hive4 ,! cells %[n 9 fig4 #e 7 built 9 a p[]ful que5less colony late 9 ,septemb]1 #aijb1 & 7 ! la/ lot ( cells built 9 my api>y t season1 consequ5tly n z _m cells 7 built z w\ld h be5 ! case _h ! season n be5 q s f> advanc$1 yet ! numb] ( cells are z _m z ! /ronge/ colony ( bees %\ld be all[$ to build or f9i% up f ! #bd-;h\r cell-cups4 ,! mi/ake _m que5-bre$]s make is 9 p]mitt+ "o colony ( bees to build s _m cells 9 "o bat*4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ab ,a colony t has ca/ a sw>m seldom leaves ov] eight or t5 que5-cells4 ,9 re>+ que5s x seems to me ! bre$] might be gov]n$ some:at z to ! numb] ( cells a colony %\ld build by ! judgm5t ( ! bees :5 work+ z ,nature design$ !m to "w4 ,h[ev]1 bees d n d ?+s z we ?9k !y %\ld1 !re=e _m try to improve matt]s1 & ,i freely admit t ,i ?9k 9 "s cases man has made ! bees d _m good ?+s !y w\ld n h done _h !y n be5 compell$ to1 or be5 assi/$ to d 9 _! "w4 ,= in/ance1 let u take up ! way bees con/ruct que5-cells :5 left to d x 9 _! way1 or1 9 ! natural way4 ,fig4 #aa illu/rates h[ bees build que5-cells :5 !y h _! way 9 ! matt]4 ,n[ h[ c cells built 9 t mann] be cut out )\t de/roy+ _m ( !m8 ,x _c be done4 ,! cells are built 9 a clu/] & all fa/5$ to ea* o!r4 ,"s ( !m c\ld be pat*$ up z describ$ on ano!r page1 & _m good que5s w\ld be re>$4 ,! v be/ que5s are produc$ by ! cells built z %[n 9 ! clu/]1 nev]!less4 ,fig4 #ab illu/rates ! improv$ way ( compell+ bees to con/ruct que5-cells4 ,x w be se5 t all ! sev5 cells c be sep>at$ )\t de/roy+ any ( !m :5 necess>y to cut !m out to place 9 ! nurs]y or 9 nuclei4 ,,transf]r+ ,,cells ,,to ,,nuclei ,,or ,,to ,,! ,,que5-,,nurs]y ,z que5-cells are n[ built s t !y are easily cut out & sep>at$ )\t de/roy+ any ( !m1 ! "w ( transf]r+ !m to nuclei or to ! que5-nurs]y is n difficult1 nor does x require mu* "t or labor to complete ! "w4 ,put all ! cells 9 ! nurs]y & all[ !m to hat* & !n aft] select+ ! be/ que5s introduce !m to nucleus colonies prep>$ z giv5 on ano!r page4 ,sometimes !re is difficulty 9 sep>at+ all ! cells )\t cutt+ into ! side ( a few ( !m4 ,except+ ! "t requir$ to pat* !m up1 no great h>m is done4 ,:5 ! cells are ripe1 & t is on ! twelf? day f ! day ! cells 7 />t$1 remove f ! hive1 bru% ! bees f !m & at once take !m into a w>m room1 provid+ ! wea!r is cool1 & 'tis mo/ always cool 9 ! mon?s ( ,may & ,june4 ,! knife us$ to sep>ate ! cells %\ld be v ?91 %>p & w>m4 ,if a cell is cut into1 j take a piece ( ?9 f\ndation1 slightly w>m x1 place x ov] ! ap]ture & at once smoo? x d[n ) a w>m knife s t x w be p]fectly air-tight1 if n s done1 ! que5 might n hat* out1 & %e c]ta9ly w\ld n if %e is n )9 six h\rs ( be+ ready to4 ,if a pat*$ cell is giv5 to a nucleus colony1 & n made p]fectly air-tight1 ! bees w\ld quickly de/roy x4 ,bees w n accept any inf]ior "w ab\t que5-cells4 ,p]fection is _! motto4 ,nev]!less1 ,i sometimes ?9k bees lack 9 judgm5t 9 _m ?+s2 su* = in/ance z 9 de/roy+ a f9e "y que5 :5 !y seem badly 9 ne$ ( "o4 ,b !y lack 9 judgm5t v mu* :5 !y use _! /+s to _! own de/ruction4 ,,description ,,( ,,pipe ,,= ,,burn+ ,,tobacco ,i h always us$ tobacco smoke = light h&l+ ( bees1 b m p>ticul>ly = introduc+ que5s4 ,i %all /ate "h t = g5]al use 9 ! api>y tobacco is n ! ?+ to burn4 ,do+ light "w & tempor>y use ! t9 pipe c be made to "w all "r4 ,z ,i am con/antly work+ 9 my que5-re>+ api>y1 ,i f9d tobacco smoke mu* ! h&ie/1 z well z ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,i d n wi% any read] to ?9k ,i recomm5d ! fil?y we$ because ,i am a tobacco fi5d4 ,al?\gh ,i h us$ ! vile /uff 9 my api>y m ?an =ty ye>s1 ,i h n be5 able to acquire ! tobacco habit4 ,s x w be se5 t 9 ord] = me to use tobacco ab\t my bees1 ,i mu/ h "s special device to burn ! /uff 94 ,i devis$ ! pipe illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #ac _m ye>s ago4 ,body ( pipe is ab\t #f in*es long 94 9 diamet] & made ( t94 ,at ea* end is a wood5 /opp]1 "o a m\? piece1 ! o!r has a 94 t9 tube runn+ ?r\gh x & project+ ab\t an in* beyond ! wood ?r\gh :i* ! smoke is direct$ among ! bees4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ac ,! pipe is fill$ ) f9e1 dry tobacco1 & is light$ by plac+ ! small tube 9 ! m\? & puff+ away ! same z any old smok] does :5 he puts fire to 8 old ,t4 ,d4 ,:5 ! pipe is well fir$ up1 ! m\? piece is put 9 & all t is ne$$ to break up a t[n meet+ is to bl[ ! brea? ?r\gh ! pipe4 ,full colonies ( bees c be h&l$ by us+ tobacco smoke1 b !y d n take k9dly to x1 & sometimes res5t ! insult ) a v5geance4 ,a good bell[s smok] fill$ ) dry1 rott5 wood is mu* ! be/ ?+ to use :5 op5+ a hive ( bees4 ,b 9 introduc+ que5s & light "w1 9 ! api>y1 ! t9 pipe w be f\nd v valuable4 ,( c\rse no "o w\ld ?9k ( us+ tobacco :5 extract+4 ,9 putt+ up que5s ,i f9d ! pipe v h&y4 ,x is held betwe5 ! tee?1 ! cage 9 ! left h& & ! que5 & bees h&l$ ) ! "r h&1 z bo? h&s are at lib]ty4 ,well1 h[ h&y6 ,,:at ,,to ,,d ,,) ,,small ,,nuclei ,,9 ,,! ,,fall ,if ! que5s are all[$ to /ay 9 ! little hives late 9 ! season & long en\gh to fill ! combs ) brood1 & ! colonies are well f$1 !re w be a f9e lot ( bees 9 ! fall :5 all ! que5s h be5 tak5 away1 & !y may be unit$ & w9t]$ 9 good condition4 ,make hives 9 two sections same z illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #h4 ,^! hives are ! same 9 e way z ! little boxes except+ !y are made to take #ac combs in/ead ( f\r combs4 ,use two sections 9 w9t] z ?is gives suffici5t capacity = w9t]+ a l>ge numb]s ( bees4 ,9 ?ree days aft] ! que5s are remov$ f ! nuclei1 !y are 9 condition to be safely unit$ ) little or no tr\ble4 ,get ! w9t] hive ready1 give x a /& ne> ! nucleus ! que5 is 9 t is to be giv5 ! unit$ colonies1 & !n take ! que5less nuclei to t /& & at once place bees1 combs & all 9 ! l>ge hive4 ,put 9 z mu* brood z possible1 plac+ x 9 ! c5t] ( ! hive4 ,n[ ! tobacco pipe describ$ above comes 9 "h pretty h&ily4 ,j give ea* small colony a puff ( smoke be=e />t+ !m1 & all ! bees & que5 w at once adapt !mselves to _! new home4 ,few if any bees w return to ! old /&4 ,fe$ ! newly =m$ colonies ab\t #bj lbs4 syrup to :i* sev]al p\nds ( good honey has be5 add$ to prev5t granulation4 ,illu/ration3 ,above illu/ration gives a p>tial view ( ! au?or's que5-re>+ api>y4 ,! p]son on ! left is ,s4 ,m4 ,locke1 =m] editor ( ! ,am]ican ,apiculturi/2 on ! "r is ! au?or4 ,?is photo 0 tak5 9 ! summ] ( #ahhb4 ,!re has be5 b little *ange 9 my api>y s9ce ! picture 0 made4 ,:5 cold wea!r sets 91 put ! colonies 9 ! cell>4 ,9 ! spr+ :5 plac$ on ! /&1 put on outside cases1 fix !m up w>m & if ne$ be fe$ m syrup1 & my ^w = x1 y w h "s f9e colonies ) :i* to =m e>ly nuclei :5 ne$$4 ,i _h nuclei en\gh 9 ! fall ( #ahib to =m #ba /rong colonies ( ! k9d above m5tion$4 ,,to ,,get ,,drones ,,& ,,pres]ve ,,!m ,,! ,,entire ,,season ,mu* has be5 said 9 ! v>i\s bee-pap]s z to h[ drones c be/ be obta9$ & pres]v$ ! entire que5-re>+ season4 ,"h is h[ x is done 9 ! ,bay ,/ate ,api>y4 ,:5 ,i h settl$ ^u ! colony t x is mo/ desirable to re> drones f1 a full %eet ( drone comb is plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! brood-ne/4 ,!re be+ no drone comb ( any am\nt 9 ! hive1 ! que5 at once puts an egg 9 ea* cell4 ,?is comb is all[$ to rema9 9 ! colony till mo/ ( ! drone brood is capp$1 !n x is remov$ & plac$ 9 a que5less colony1 or "o t is c>+ = que5-cells1 or has a lot ( virg9 que5s 9 ! nurs]y4 ,ano!r frame ( drone comb is at once plac$ 9 ! same hive4 ,! bees1 f9d+ !y h no drones or drone-brood1 at once comm5ce to re> ano!r lot4 ,?is goes on all ?r\gh ! season4 ,i h f\nd t "o colony ( bees w supply all ! drones ne$$ = ! entire que5-re>+ season1 or = _m ?\s&s ( que5s4 ,please und]/& t :5 =age is cut (f1 ! colony mu/ be f$ 9 ord] to /imulate drone brood-re>+4 ,if ! read] kn[s ( any bett] way to get drones = que5-re>+ or = do+ any ( ! ?+s on ! =ego+ pages1 by all means adopt & practice !m4 ,i h giv5 y me?ods t h be5 successful _m ye>s4 ,,:51 ,,:at ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,fe$ ,,nuclei ,i ?9k ,i c save all :o use my sy/em ( nuclei v mu* tr\ble by giv+ in/ructions h[ to c>e = su* colonies1 & to make ! me?od a success1 & prev5t robb+ 9 ! api>y4 ,"u no circum/ances ev] fe$ any?+ b pla9 sug> syrup to ! small colonies4 ,if y use honey y\r entire nucleus api>y w be ru9$ )9 a few h\rs1 provid+ !re are any full colonies ( bees ne> !m4 ,sug> syrup is all t is ne$$ to keep ! nuclei up to ! highe/ /&>d ( prosp]ity4 ,!re are ?ree reasons :y su* small colonies %\ld be f$ z above /at$4 #a4 ,to keep !m 9 food4 #b4 ,to prev5t ! bees f des]t+ ! hives & #c1 to /imulate ! bees & cause ! que5s to fly & mate promptly4 ,n[ ! la/ reason is v important4 ,unless ^! little families ( bees are f$ z (t5 z ea* five days1 ! bees w des]t ! hive 7sw>m out71 ev5 ?\gh !y h pl5ty ( /ores & brood4 ,( c\rse !y w n 8sw>m out0 unless !re is a que5 to g ) !m4 ,make ! syrup z foll[s3 ,put #ac lbs4 ( granulat$ sug> 9 a #aj qu>t bucket & add en\gh wat] to fill ! receptacle4 ,?is is ab\t "r--n too ?9 nor too heavy4 ,see t all ! sug> is dissolv$ be=e us+4 ,! fe$] illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #ae is cone-%ap$1 made ( t9 & is atmosph]ic 9 pr9ciple4 ,:5 fill$ x is inv]t$2 ! op5+ cov]$ by a piece ( ?9 clo?1 ! coll> 7a7 put on to keep ! clo? 9 place1 & :5 ?us prep>$ ! food w n leak out4 ,an ap]ture1 an in* 9 diamet]1 is made 9 ! cov] ( ! hive ab\t an in* f ! front edge2 & z ! apex ( ! fe$] is b sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 is held firmly 9 place1 & no am\nt ( heavy w9d w dislodge x4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ad ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ae ,! small quantity ( syrup plac$ 9 ! fe$] is suffici5t to enc\rage ! bees = ab\t five days1 :5 m food %\ld be suppli$4 ,x is und]/ood1 ( c\rse1 t no fe$+ is necess>y :5 !re is pl5ty ( natural =age = ! bees to ga!r4 ,i "k ( no o!r fe$]1 or sy/em ( fe$+ t c be appli$ to "w s well z ! "o above describ$4 ,figure #ad repres5ts "o ( ! small nucleus hives ) ! cone-fe$] 9 position4 ,z wat] dur+ a ra9 may leak into ! hive ar\nd ! fe$]1 x is always plac$ 9 ! front "p ( ! cov]4 ,always place ! hive 9 su* a position t ! re> end is slightly elevat$4 ,?is keeps ! wat] f runn+ 9 at ! entrance1 & if any wat] gets 9 at ! top x quickly runs out4 ,! success ( my nucleus sy/em dep5ds l>gely ^u ! mann] ( fe$+4 ,^! little m9iature colonies are unlike l>ge colonies4 ,!y c only c>e = !mselves :5 =age is abundant4 ,fe$ !m lib]ally & success w foll[4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #af ,,! ,,drone-,,trap ,,9 ,,connection ,,) ,,que5-,,re>+ ,! read]'s att5tion is call$ to ! utility ( ! drone-trap 9 que5-re>+4 ,x's a wond] to me h[ x is t any que5 bre$] c produce que5s t c be call$ pure 9 ! same api>y :]e !re are any:]e f t5 to =ty full colonies ( bees s5d+ out _! millions ( drones e f9e day ?r\gh\t ! season4 ,x has always be5 my practice to use ! drones f only "o colony = mat+ "y que5s to4 ,h[ else c any que5-bre$] "k by :at /ra9 ( bees 8 "y que5s are mat$ to8 ,drone-traps are kept at ! entrance ( my hives ! entire season1 except+ on ! hive f :i* ! drones are all[$ to fly4 ,i d n l a haphaz>d way ( mat+ que5s4 ,!re is no way by :i* ! que5 bre$] c h absolute control ( ! f]tilization ( 8 que5s z c be done by us+ ! trap4 ,if y come into my api>y betwe5 ,may #bj & ,oct4 #a1 y w f9d traps on e hive 9 ! y>d4 ,! trap 9 controll+ sw>m+ & cat*+ ! ?\s&s ( useless drones has a _w-wide reputation z all practical bee-keep]s well "k4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ag ,i regret v mu* to h to say t few if any ( ! supply deal]s are s5d+ out que5-traps t are ( any value4 ,ab\t all :o use ! traps h an idea t !y c improve its con/ruction4 ,few ( ^! p realize t all ^? suppos$ improvem5ts 7 te/$ 9 my y>d ye>s be=e !y ev] saw ! trap4 ,yet _m ( ^! useless & ne$less improvem5ts h be5 atta*$ to ! trap by ^? :o are sell+ !m1 r5d]+ ! trap almo/ wor?less4 ,an improv$ que5 & drone-trap is illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #af4 ,?is trap is s con/ruct$ t no bees are de/roy$ by smo!r+4 ,! trap does n clog & ! bees h a cle> & easy way ?r\gh x1 9 & out ( ! hive4 ,?ree sides are cov]$ by p]=at$ metal1 ?us af=d+ abundance ( v5tilation to ! hive at all times4 ,! trap prev5ts any bees f decamp+ ei!r be=e or aft] a sw>m has issu$ or has be5 hiv$4 ,:5 a sw>m issues1 all t ne$ be done is to move ! hive ! bees issue f to a new location1 & put an empty hive 9 its place2 take ! trap & place x at ! entrance ( ! new hive2 ! sw>m soon returns1 & :ile ! bees are runn+ 91 draw ! top slide to release ! que51 & %e w ent] ) ! bees4 ,!n /& back & see ! sw>m ru% 9 pell-mell & take possession ( ! hive4 ,:ew6 :at fun on a hot day to h all ?is "w done )\t any ef=t on y\r "p2 no climb+ trees1 frett+1 worry or loss ( bees4 ,la/ season ,i saw a trap 9 ,bo/on t 0 put up by "o ( ! l>ge/ supply deal]s 9 ! _w4 ,i 0 amaz$ :5 in=m$ t any man :o ev] kept bees w\ld s5d out su* a ?+4 ,! deal] :o _h x call$ x ! 8,alley0 trap4 ,i said ,i inv5t$ ! ,alley trap1 b ,i w\ld n own up z ! inv5tor ( a ?+ l ! "o 9 "q4 ,i h n dealt 9 ! traps = _m ye>s4 ,b ,i am s disgu/$ by :at ,i h se5 ( ! wor?less ?+s manufactur$ by o!r p1 ,i %all take up ! manufacture ( !m aga94 ,fig4 #ag repres5ts old /yle trap4 ,,broom ,,= ,,bru%+ ,,bees ,! fir/ ye> ,i _h bees ,i f\nd t fea!rs 7 n j ! ?+ ) :i* to bru% bees1 s a corn broom1 su* z is us$ = clo?+ 0 utiliz$1 b n until m ?an "o-half ! broom 0 cut out4 ,) a %>p knife cut out ne>ly two-?irds ( ! /raw mat]ial j "u ! b9d+4 ,!n :5 ! bees are bru%$ (f ! combs none w be de/roy$ if any are half way 9 ! cells4 ,?is k9d ( a bru% is call$ ! 8,coggswell broom40 ,i greatly mi/ake if ,i did n sell ! ,coggswell ,bro!rs ( ,groton1 ,n4 ,y41 ! fir/ broom !y ev] us$4 ,! "o ,i use & ! s-call$ ,coggswell bru% are q diff]5t4 ,!re is /ock en\gh 9 ! ,coggswell to make a doz5 ( ! k9d us$ by me4 ,see ,fig4 #ah = illu/ration ( broom4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ah ,,po9ts ,,9 ,,que5-,,re>+ ,,to ,,ins]t ,a ,,que5-,,cell ,:5 a cell is introduc$1 x is n necess>y1 nor is x practical1 to cut ! comb to ins]t ! cell 91 z recomm5d$ by "s bee-keep]s4 ,:5 a que5 has be5 remov$ & ! combs replac$ 9 ! hive1 j ?ru/ y\r little f+] d[n betwe5 ! combs ne> ! top-b>s1 & ?us make room = ! cell & imm$iately place x 9 ! op5+ made4 ,! bees w n de/roy ! cell if x conta9s a heal?y que54 ,if x is late 9 ! season & ! colony f :i* ! que5 is tak5 is weak 9 numb]s1 x w be necess>y to place ! cell 9 ! middle ( ! clu/]4 ,ev5 9 ?is case1 y w n be oblig$ to d any cutt+ z room c be made = ! cell by pu%+ ! f+] ?r\gh "o ( ! combs4 ,place ! cell1 small end d[nw>ds1 9 ! ap]ture & close ! hive4 ,,que5s1 ,,h[ ,,to ,,pres]ve ,,& ,,c>e ,,= ,,!m ,at ! sw>m+ season _m bee-keep]s h m or less que5-cells1 & sometimes "y que5s1 !y w\ld l to pres]ve if possible to d s & if prop] fixtures 7 at h& to aid !m 9 c>ry+ out _! desires4 ,at j t "t sev]al cages1 su* z are describ$ on a previ\s page & are us$ 9 ! que5-nurs]y1 w\ld be ! "r ?+ to h4 ,remove ! cells f ! hive at ! prop] "t1 place !m 9 ! nurs]y-cages & aft] supply+ ea* cage ) food suffici5t = a week1 or long]1 place ! nurs]y 9 "s full colony1 accord+ to directions giv5 on ano!r page 9 connection ) ! description ( ! nurs]y4 ,a mu* bett] way = ! novice to dispose ( que5-cells w\ld be to sup]s$e old que5s & at once ins]t ! que5-cells4 ,if ?is seems too risky1 deque5 ! hive a few days be=e ! cells are matur$1 say on ! fif? day aft] a sw>m issues4 ,?is me?od ( deque5+ w\ld d away ) ! necessity ( nucleus colonies :i* "o w\ld be oblig$ to h 9 ord] to pres]ve "y que5s until f]tiliz$4 ,,age ,,at ,,:i* ,,que5s ,,mate ,! read]s ( ! diff]5t bee-p]iodicals h n fail$ to notice ! reports1 f "t to "t1 ( que5s be+ f]tiliz$ :5 two or ?ree days old4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t all :o make reports ( que5s be+ f]tiliz$ :5 "u five days old mu/ be mi/ak54 ,i nev] knew su* a ?+ to happ5 9 my api>y4 ,h _h ?\s&s ( "y que5s take ! mat+ flight :5 b five days old1 b nev] knew "o to d s :5 "u t age4 ,! fact t ,i sp5d all my "t dur+ ! que5-re>+ season 9 ! y>d among my nucleus colonies1 & t e means is us$ to =ce ! "y que5s to fly & become f]tile at ! e>lie/ mom5t possible1 %\ld be suffici5t to satisfy ! read] t ,i am mak+ no wild /atem5t 9 ?is matt]4 ,,=c+ ,,que5s ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,mat+ ,,flight ,,& ,,to ,,comm5ce ,,to ,,lay ,,promptly ,! que5 deal] is anxi\s to h 8 que5s mate z soon z possible aft] !y arrive at ! prop] age4 ,no special pa9s ne$ be tak5 :ile !re is a fl[ ( honey to =ce ! que5s to take a flight1 z !y readily d s !mselves4 ,aft] ! honey h>ve/ is ov]1 x is q ano!r affair4 ,at ?is "t a "y unf]tile que5 w n leave ! hive1 unless enc\rag$ to d s by fe$+1 :5 "u t5 or twelve days old4 ,yet1 if ! wea!r is favorable1 t is1 if ! day is cle> & w>m1 & b little w9d1 n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ que5s c be =c$ to fly on ! fif? day aft] !y em]ge f ! cell4 ,fe$+ = ?is purpose has be5 an important feature = ye>s 9 my api>y4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,"k ,a ,,f]tile ,,que5 ,,f ,,an ,,unf]tile ,,"o ,"o :o has any consid]able exp]i5ce 9 que5-re>+ has no tr\ble 9 di/+ui%+ a f]tile que5 f "o t is unf]tile4 ,9 twelve h\rs aft] a que5 has mat$ !re is a p]ceptible increase 9 h] size4 ,n only is h] abdom5 l>g] ar\nd1 b x is also long]4 ,^! conditions are noticeable 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! season1 b at ! la/ ( ,septemb] & dur+ ! mon? ( ,octob] "s o!r way ( judg+ & kn[+ :e!r or n a que5 has be5 f]tiliz$ mu/ be adopt$4 ,:ile que5s t are f]tiliz$ e>ly 9 ! season w at once make prep>ations to deposit eggs1 ! late f]tiliz$ que5s d n4 ,t is1 ! late f]tiliz$ que5s w n z quickly increase 9 size aft] becom+ f]tile1 z !y d e>li] 9 ! season4 ,n[ to decide positively t a que5 is f]tile ,i h te/$ ! matt] 9 ?is way3 ,ab\t half a p9t ( bees are tak5 f a colony hav+ an unf]tile que5 & all[$ to run 9 ! hive ( ! f]tile "o4 ,if ! que5 9 ! latt] hive proves to be f]tile1 ! /range bees w n mole/ h]2 if unf]tile1 ! bees introduc$ may at once ball & ev5tually de/roy h]4 ,?is is a simple & quick way to te/ ! matt]1 & applies only to nucleus colonies1 ?\gh x may be practic$ m or less successfully 9 full colonies4 ,ano!r way to decide :e!r or n a que5 is f]tile is to fe$ honey = a day or s4 ,if f]tile %e w deposit a few eggs1 & lay :ile ! fe$+ is cont9u$4 ,,age ,,:5 ,,"y ,,que5s ,,comm5ce ,,to ,,lay ,,aft] ,,becom+ ,,f]tile ,"y que5s1 z a rule1 comm5ce to lay f ?irty-six to =ty-eight h\rs aft] !y become f]tile4 ,! "t v>ies accord+ to ! season4 ,dur+ ! honey h>ve/ ne>ly e "y que5 w comm5ce to lay 9 ab\t ?irty-six h\rs aft] mat+4 ,lat] 9 ! season1 :5 no honey is be+ ga!r$1 x w be f =ty-eight h\rs to ?ree days4 ,i nev] h f\nd a "y que5 lay+ :5 less ?an sev5 days old4 ,,f]tiliz+ ,,9 ,,conf9em5t ,i believe !re is n a well au!nticat$ case record$ :]e a que5 0 ev] f]tiliz$ 9 conf9em5t4 ,:y %\ld any "o desire to h que5s f]tiliz$ 9 any o!r way ?an ! "o provid$ by nature8 ,by ! use ( ! improv$ appliances = controll+ & de/roy+ useless & wor?less drones1 x is an easy matt] to h any & all que5s mat$ to any /ra9 ( drones desir$4 ,a practical me?od ( hav+ que5s f]tiliz$ 9 conf9em5t w n be devis$ = a long "t to come4 ,h[ev]1 no "o c tell :at a day may br+ =?4 ,!re are a good _m wise heads at "w ^u ! knotty que/ions connect$ ) bee-culture4 ,,respect ,,bees ,,%[ ,,_! ,,que5 ,:5 a f]tile que5 moves ab\t ! combs h] subjects always op5 a way = h] to pass1 & ! bees seem to vie ) ea* o!r 9 ! respect !y %[ _! rul]4 ,! virg9 que5 nev] has mu* respect %[n h]4 ,! work]s d n ev5 tr\ble !mselves to get out ( h] way :5 %e moves ab\t ! clu/]4 ,%e mu/ run ov] ! bees & get ab\t ! be/ %e c4 ,:5 a hive is op5$ & combs remov$1 a virg9 que5 is pretty sure to take w+1 especially if ! op]ation ( remov+ ! frames is n p]=m$ quietly1 or late 9 ! day4 ,h[ev]1 !re is no dang] ( ! que5 be+ lo/ z %e w fly b a %ort di/ance f ! hive & imm$iately return4 ,,de/roy+ ,,que5-,,cells ,,:5 ,,introduc+ ,,que5s ,z /at$ on a previ\s page1 "s que5-cells w be built on ! combs t h brood 9 !m4 ,x w n be necess>y to look ! combs ov] & de/roy ^? cells if a "y que5 is introduc$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] ! que5 gets possession ( ! combs1 %e w de/roy ! cells1 t is1 ! que5 w op5 !m ne> ! base & /+ ! nymph1 or ne>ly matur$ que5 z ! case may be1 & ! bees w soon f9i% ! "w ( de/roy+ ! cell1 & remov+ ! dead que54 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 exceptions to ?is rule1 & once 9 a :ile a "y que5 is p]mitt$ to 8hat* out0 & take possession ( ! colony4 ,9 t case1 ! que5 j introduc$ is de/roy$4 ,?is s seldom happ5s1 & does n happ5 at all except 9 cases :]e an old que5 is introduc$1 t x is n wor? :ile to sp5d "t 9 look+ ! combs ov] = que5-cells4 ,,! ,,obs]vatory ,,hive ,,= ,,/udy+ ,,! ,,habits ,,( ,,bees ,i "k ( no bett] way = ! novice to /udy ! habits ( ! honey-bee ?an c be done by an obs]vation hive1 su* z is illu/rat$ 9 fig4 #ai4 ,?is hive has b "o comb :i* is ins]t$ betwe5 two plates ( glass4 ,anyone c make su* a hive at small exp5se4 ,get out a frame1 groove = ! glass to slide 91 leav+ an in* & a qu>t] betwe5 ! glass = ! comb & frame4 ,wood5 cov]s are us$ to keep out ! light4 ,arrange x s t ! bees pass to & f ! hive "u ! bottom sa% ( a w9d[1 & 9 su* a way t no bees c ent] ! room4 ,:5 ?us arrang$ !re is no dang] ( anyone be+ /ung :ile obs]v+ ! bees "w4 ,"h e movem5t ( ! colony & que5 c be se51 & all "w f ! lay+ ( ! egg to ! seal$ brood may be se5 at any "t2 h[ ! bees remove poll5 f _! legs2 h[ !y behave :5 depriv$ ( _! que51 & h[ !y />t & build a que5-cell1 /ore honey 9 ! combs1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ai ,if ! obs]vation hive conta9s a small colony ( bees & an unf]tile que51 x w be se5 t ! bees d n take ! lea/ notice ( h]4 ,app>5tly %e is ( no m consequ5ce be=e becom+ f]tile ?an o!r bees 9 ! hive2 yet %\ld %e be remov$ f ! colony1 ! bees w\ld soon miss h]1 & make z mu* fuss ov] h] loss z !y w\ld _h %e be5 a f]tile que54 ,! fact t bees pay no att5tion to a que51 is ! be/ evid5ce t %e is n f]tile4 ,,comp>ative ,,size ,,( ,,que5s ,illu/ration3 ,figure #bj ,illu/ration3 ,figure #ba ,figure #bj nicely & accurately repres5ts a l>ge1 f9e & well-develop$ f]tile que5 bee4 ,i h re>$ _m que5s equally z l>ge z ! "o illu/rat$ 9 above cut4 ,figure #ba is a good & life-size view ( an unf]tile que54 ,su* que5s v>y mu* 9 size4 ,no "o %\ld judge ( ! size ( a que5 until %e is giv5 a *ance to develop 9 a full colony ( bees4 ,que5s kept 9 small nucleus colonies nev] rea* full developm5t4 ,!y mu/ be giv5 l>g] qu>t]s 9 ord] to %[ to :at size !y w atta94 ,,prev5t+ ,,honey ,,f ,,c&y+ ,"s ye>s ago ,i accid5tally discov]$ a process by :i* honey t has once c&i$ c be pres]v$ 9 ! liquid /ate = a long "t4 ,x is my op9ion t x is mu* ! be/ plan to let all honey c&y & !n liquify x4 ,possibly !re are "s k9ds ( honey t if treat$ by ! process bel[ giv51 w\ld n rema9 9 ! liquid /ate only a %ort "t4 ,b = mo/ k9ds ! treatm5t w be a success1 & pres]ve x _m mon?s4 ,sev]al ye>s ago ,i receiv$ "s honey 9 sixty-p\nd cans t 0 ne>ly z h>d z sug>4 ,x 0 melt$ & put 9 half-p\nd bottles4 ,to keep x f c&y+ aga9 be=e ,i c\ld dispose ( x1 ! bottles 7 plac$ on a %elf ov] ! kit*5 /ove1 :]e ! temp]ature w\ld rise to #aaj degrees dur+ ! day & w\ld n g bel[ #fj degrees at night4 ,?is same lot ( honey /ood z]o wea!r = two w9t]s )\t go+ back4 ,! above is ! entire process4 ,x is heat = a long "t t does ! bus9ess4 ,honey 9 l>ge cans w\ld ne$ to be kept 9 a high temp]ature at lea/ a mon?1 b ! process w surely prev5t x f c&y+ aft] x is once liquifi$4 ,arrange ! details ( heat+ to suit y\r conditions4 ,l>ge quantities ( honey c be kept 9 a room well up f ! floor1 & a good hot fire runn+ = a long "t4 ,/eam heat1 if conv5i5t to use1 is ! prop] ?+4 ,small quantities ( honey c be treat$ ab\t z m5tion$ 9 my own case4 ,,to ,,! ,,read] ,if ! me?ods h]e9 giv5 = re>+ que5s is n made cle> ,i %all be glad at any "t to give p]sonal explanation4 ,lat] on ,i may issue a 8supplem5t0 9 :i* _m ( ! p>ts ( my sy/em ( que5-re>+ w be illu/rat$ & m m9utely expla9$4 ,s5d 9 ! que/ions & !y %all receive att5tion4 ,,! ,,que5-,,re>+ ,,outfit ,!re are c]ta9 necess>y ?+s us$ 9 que5-re>+ :i* ,i c supply at ! prices giv5 opposite ea* article nam$4 ,! que5 nurs]y1 #ce cages1 #a4ej4 ,! t9 pipe = burn+ tobacco :5 introduc+ que5s1 #ej c5ts4 ,small hive1 f\r frames1 nail$ ready = use1 includ+ cone-fe$]1 #ej c5ts4 ,small hive complete1 includ+ p9t ( bees1 "o be/ ,adel bre$+ que51 #e4jj4 ,same ) select te/$ ,adel que51 #d4jj4 ,all ! above1 & "o ( ! late/ improv$ que5-traps1 s5t = #i4jj4 ,^! goods mu/ g by express1 z !y are too l>ge to g by mail4 ,illu/ration3 ,a successful sw>m-cat*]4 ,us$ 9 ! ,bay ,/ate ,api>y ) great success _m ye>s4 ,x consi/s ( a brood-box 9 front ( ! hive 9 connection ) ! que5-trap4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! ,a4 ,i4 ,root ,co4 ,m$9a1 ,ohio1 ,makes a ,specialty ( ,manufactur+ ,beekeep]s' ,supplies ( ,all ,k9ds ,beehives ,frames ,section ,honeyboxes ,%ipp+cases ,honey & ,wax ,extractors ,beesmok]s ,beecomb ,f\ndation ,comb,f\ndation ,ma*9es ,comb,f\ndation ,fa/5]s ,p]=at$ ,que5,exclud]s ,9 fact1 a full l9e ( ev]y?+ requir$ by bee-keep]s4 ,! sup]ior excell5ce ( ^! goods is su* t !y h a _w-wide reputation1 & deal]s h&l+ !m g5]ally say3 ,root's ,goods ,,at ,root's ,prices ,= conv5i5ce ( bee-keep]s 9 obta9+ supplies )\t s5d+ direct to factory & pay+ high freight *>ges1 z well z suff]+ long delays 9 transit1 a numb] ( deal]s h e/abli%$ di/ribut+-po9ts at _m l>ge c5t]s1 :]e goods are %ipp$ f factory 9 c>load lots4 ,9 a notice ( ?is k9d x is impossible to give a li/ ( deal]s t w be accurate ye> aft] ye>4 ,if y d n f9d _! c>d 9 ,,glean+s ,,9 ,,bee ,,culture or o!r j\rnals1 s5d to u & we w give y "n ( deal] locat$ ne>e/ y4 ,9 addition to tw5ty-five su* di/ribut+-h\ses 9 ,unit$ ,/ates1 !re are :olesale deal]s 9 ,k+/on1 ,jamaica2 ,havana1 ,c>d5as1 & ,ci5fuegos1 ,cuba2 at v>i\s po9ts 9 ,gt4 ,brita92 also 9 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&4 ,an illu/rat$ catalog mail$ free4 ,! ,am]ican ,bee ,j\rnal ,,! ,,olde/ ,,bee ,,pap] ,,9 ,,am]ica ,9 ord] to become a progressive api>i/1 & at ! same "t realize ! mo/ money f y\r bees1 y _c af=d to be )\t a good bee-pap]4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,bee ,,j\rnal1 e/abli%$ 9 #ahfa1 is a #af-page weekly1 well illu/rat$1 & fully up-to-date 9 ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to bee-culture4 ,its ,dep>tm5ts ,contribut$ ,articles ,discussions ( ,important ,topics & ,bee-,keep+ ,exp]i5ces--by exp]ts4 ,conv5tion ,proce$+s--,j :at ?is implies4 ,que/ions & ,answ]s ,9 *>ge ( ,dr4 ,c4 ,c4 ,mill]1 a bee-keep] ( ov] #dj ye>s' exp]i5ce1 :o answ]s all que/ions4 ,invaluable to beg9n]s 9 bee-keep+4 ,editorial ,comm5ts--,j :at ?is indicates4 ,! ,weekly ,budget ,be+ ma9ly p]sonal items & miscellane\s matt]s ( int]e/ to bee-keep]s4 ,be$om ,boil$ ,d[n--,cream ( bee-lit]ature4 ,! ,aft]?\ght ,?is is 9 *>ge ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,e4 ,ha/y1 :o reviews :at has appe>$ 9 rec5t numb]s ( ! ,,am]ican ,,bee ,,j\rnal1 po9t+ out any errors & comm5d+ ! good ?+s4 ,our ,bee,keep+ ,si/]s ,miss ,emma ,m4 ,wilson 7si/]-9-law & assi/ant 9 ! api>y ( ,dr4 ,c4 ,c4 ,mill]7 has *>ge ( ?is dep>tm5t4 ,x is especially int5d$ = wom5 bee-keep]s1 ?\gh its cont5ts are j z helpful to ! m5-folks4 ,f ,_m ,fields ,%ort exp]i5ces & reports ( ! honey crop1 conditions ( bees1 etc4 ,price ( ! ,,bee ,,j\rnal1 "o ye>1 #a4jj2 or = #a4ge we w s5d ! ,,bee ,,j\rnal a ye> & a copy ( ,dr4 ,mill]'s 8,=ty ,ye>s ,among ! ,bees10 book alone1 #a4 ,s5d = free ,sample ,copy1 & ,catalogue ( ,bee ,supplies4 ,,george ,w4 ,,york ,,co41 #add #adf ,e4 ,erie ,/41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,we are ! ,l>ge/ ,manufactur]s ( ,bee-,keep]s' ,supplies 9 ! ,nor?we/ ,,s5d ,,= ,,catalog ,illu/ration3 ,,m9nesota ,,bee-,,keep]s' ,,supply ,,manufactur+ ,,co4 ,*>les ,mond5g1 ,prop4 ,m9neapolis1 ,m9nesota4 ,we h ! ,be/ ,goods1 ! ,l[e/ ,prices1 & ! ,be/ ,%ipp+ ,facilities ,,our ,,d&y or ,,%all[ ,,dove ,,hive ,) ,sup] = ,sections1 #d #e or #c #e1 is ! ,be/ = rais+ ,,comb ,,honey ,we manufacture ! ,be/ ,,sw>m ,,cat*] ,up to ! pres5t "t t is put on ! m>ket4 ,our ,improv$ ,daisy ,f\ndation ,fa/5] ,is 9 ! lead ( all o!rs4 ,if y want y\r ,bees to w9t] well get our ,,w9t] ,,cases ,!y w w9t] ,bees = a ,c5tury4 ,y mu/ rememb] t we manufacture ,,! ,,be/ ,,bee-,,keep]s' ,,supplies & we gu>antee ev]y?+ to be j z repres5t$4 ,we also manufacture ! f9e/ ,sections2 !y are ! be/ on ! m>ket4 ,our sections are made by an automatic section ma*9e1 :i* w make #abj1jjj f9i%$ sections 9 t5 h\rs4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,fig4 #af1 rotat$ ! image #ahj4 #b4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #c4 ,reta9$ ana*roni/ic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s z pr9t$4 #d4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 #e4 ,enclos$ bold font 9 plus-m9us signs4