,,! ,,spani% ,,s]ies ,,cordova ,,! ,,spani% ,,s]ies ,,edit$ ,,by ,,alb]t ,f4 ,,calv]t ,,seville ,,murillo ,,cordova ,,! ,,prado ,,! ,,escorial ,,spani% ,,arms ,,& ,,arm\r ,9 prep>ation-- ,,goya ,,tol$o ,,madrid ,,velazquez ,,granada ,,& ,,alhambra ,,royal ,,palaces ,,( ,,spa9 ,,leon1 ,,burgos1 ,,& ,,salamanca ,,valladolid1 ,,ovi$o1 ,,segovia1 ,,zamora1 ,,avila1 ,,& ,,z>agoza ,,cordova ,a ,,city ,,( ,,! ,,moors ,,by ,,alb]t ,f4 ,,calv]t ,,& ,,walt] ,m4 ,,galli*an ,,) #afj ,,illu/rations ,,london3 ,,john ,,lane1 ,,! ,,bodley ,,head ,,new ,,york3 ,,john ,,lane ,,company ,,mcmvii ,ed9burgh3 ,t4 & ,a4 ,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,8 ,maje/y ,to ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,sotomayor ,"l ,high ,*amb]la9 to ,h4,m4 ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 etc4 ,my de> ,duke1 ,"s ( ! pleasante/ ( my _m pleasant memories ( ,spa9 are associat$ )1 z inde$ !y 7 d]iv$ f1 ! sympa?y y h display$ 9 my "w & ! great k9dness ,i ev] receiv$ f ! ,du*ess ( ,sotomayor & y\rself4 ,= ^!1 ,i hope1 suffici5t reasons--n z "o :o seeks to liquidate a heavy debt ( hospitality1 b r rejoices 9 8 obligations--,i beg y to accept ?is d$ication & p]mit me to associate y\r illu/ri\s "n ) ?is mode/ volume4 ,i am1 ,my de> ,duke1 ,y\r oblig$ & ev] grateful1 ,,alb]t ,f4 ,,calv]t4 ,,preface ,x w\ld be unnecess>y to enl>ge ^u ! reasons = includ+ a /udy ( ,cordova 9 ?is s]ies ( ,spani% ,h&books3 inde$ a s]ies ( ?is description w\ld be incomplete )\t x4 ,! beautiful1 p[]ful1 & wise ,cordova1--#8! ,city ( ,cities1' #8! ,pe>l ( ! ,we/1' #8! ,bride ( ,&alus1' z ! ,arabian poets h v>i\sly nam$ x1--! anci5t capital ( ,mohamm$an ,spa91 is /ill "o ( ! mo/ curi\s & fasc9at+ monum5ts ( ?is s+ul>ly int]e/+ c\ntry4 ,mu* wat] has fl[$ "u ! sixte5 ar*es ( ! bridge :i* spans ! ,guadalquivir s9ce #8,cordova 0 to ,&alus :at ! head is to ! body1 or :at ! brea/ is to ! lo9'2 ! ,moori% city ( ! ?irty suburbs & ?ree ?\s& mosques1 ^: fame once obscur$ ! glory ( anci5t ,damascus1 is no long] ! c5tre ( ,european culture4 #8,! brighte/ spl5d\r ( ! _w' has be5 lo/ 9 c5turies ( neglect & decay1 & ! new light ( a mod]n civilisation has n %one ^u ! rema9s ( its m$ival gr&eur4 ,b ! ,cordova ( ! great ,khalif is /ill ! mo/ ,african city 9 ,spa92 its mosque rema9s to give u a cle>] & full] idea ( ! p[] & magnific5ce ( ! ,moors ?an any?+ else 9 ! ,p59sula1 n except+ ev5 ! ,alhambra2 & 9 its n>r[1 unev5 /reets & my/]i\s1 sil5t patios1 9 ! gold & crimson ( its fragrant g>d5s1 ! /ud5t & ! arti/ may f9d un5d+ int]e/ & en*antm5t4 ,9 select+ ! illu/rations = ?is book1 ! au?ors h endeav\r$ to provide bo? = ! antiqu>y & ! lov] ( ! beautiful2 = ^? ^: acqua9tance ) ,spa9 mu/ be made ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! pr9t$ page1 & = ^? m =tunate read]s :o w1 we hope1 f9d ?is book a mem5to ( _! w&]+s 9 ,&alusia4 ,,alb]t ,f4 ,,calv]t4 ,,walt] ,m4 ,,galli*an4 ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,! ,,bride ,,( ,,&alus #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,moori% ,,capture #ac ,,iii4 ,,! ,,omeyyad ,,dyna/y #bc ,,iv4 ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #db ,v4 ,,9 ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,oranges #eg ,,vi4 ,,! ,,spl5d\rs ,,( ,,! ,,mosque #fe ,,vii4 ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,& ,,*ur*es #ge ,,viii4 ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,! ,,khalifs ,,& ,,! ,,moori% ,,bridge #gi ,,ix4 ,,illu/ri\s ,,natives ,,( ,,cordova #hc ,,app5dix ,i4--,,! ,,great ,,mosque ,,( ,,cordova #if ,,app5dix ,,ii4--,,cordova #ajj ,,illu/rations ,,plate ,,no4 ,view ( ! ,city & ! ,bridge s\? ( ! ,guadalquivir1 #a ,! ,bridge1 #b ,view ( ,mosque & ,bridge1 #c ,! ,iron ,mill on ! ,guadalquivir1 #d ,prom5ade ( #8,gr& ,capita9e1' #e ,m>ket ,/reet1 or ,calle de la ,f]ia1 #f ,plaza del ,triunfo & ext]ior ( ! ,mosque1 #g ,entrance ,gate ( ! ,city1 ! ,column ( ,triumph1 & ! ,mosque f ! ,bridge1 #h ,! ,column ( ,triumph1 #i ,anci5t ,arab ,t[]1 n[ ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ni*olas de la ,villa1 #aj ,! ,t[] ( ,san ,nicolas1 #aa ,t[] ( ! ,ca!dral & ,patio de ,los ,n>anjos1 #ab ,view ( ! ,patio de ,los ,n>anjos1 #ac ,! ,t[] ( ! ,ca!dral1 #ad ,entrance to ! ,city f ! ,bridge1 #ae ,public ,f\nta9 9 ! ,patio de ,los ,n>anjos1 #af ,wom5 at ! ,spr+1 #ag ,well 9 ! ,patio de ,los ,n>anjos1 #ah ,peasant ) 8 ,donkey1 #ai ,a ,wat]-,c>ri]1 #bj ,! ,poor ,man's ,meal1 #ba ,mulete]s1 #bb ,a ,g>d5]1 #bc ,girl ) a ,guit>1 #bd ,a ,room 9 ! ,prov9cial ,museum3 ,view ( ! ,roman & ,visigo? ,section1 #be ,a ,room 9 ! ,prov9cial ,museum3 ,view ( ! ,arab ,section1 #bf ,door ( ! ,h\se ( ! ,innoc5ts1 #bg ,! ,door ( ,don ,j]nimo ,pez1 #bh ,! ,door ( ! ,f\ndl+ ,hospital1 #bi ,! ,t[] ( ,c>rahoe1 #cj ,por* ( ,/4 ,paul1 #ca ,anci5t ,arab ,walls1 #cb ,mosaics ( ! ,f\r ,seasons 9 ! ,h\se ( ,s4,s4 ,lugue1 ,plaza de la ,compania1 #cc ,ar*itectural ,p>ts ( ! ,ca?olic ,basilicas1 #cd ,capitals & ,fragm5ts ( ,ornam5tation 9 ! ,mosque1 #ce ,ar*itectural ,p>ts ( ! ,ca?olic ,basilicas & o!r con/ructions1 #cf ,capitals ( ! ,ca?olic ,basilicas pres]v$ 9 ! ,mosque1 n[ ! ,ca!dral1 #cg ,fragm5ts ( ! ,ca?olic ,basilicas pres]v$ 9 ! ,mosque1 n[ ! ,ca!dral1 #ch ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,*oir & ,high ,alt>1 #ci ,pulpit & ,/eps ( ! ,high ,alt>1 #dj ,*oir ,/alls 9 ! ,mosque or ,ca!dral1 #da ,left ,side ( ! ,*oir ,/alls1 #db ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,*oir 9 ! ,mosque1 or ,ca!dral1 #dc ,! ,bi%op's ,/all 9 ! ,*oir ( ! ,mosque1 or ,ca!dral1 #dd ,c5tral ,nave 9 ! ,ca!dral1 #de ,c5tral ,nave 9 ! ,ca!dral1 #df ,c5tral ,nave 9 ! ,ca!dral1 #dg ,plan ( ! ,mosque 9 ! "t ( ! ,arabs1 #dh ,plan ( ! ,mosque at ! pres5t "t1 #di ,! ,bi%op's ,gate1 #ej ,entrance to ! ,mosque1 call$ ! ,gate ( ,camnigos1 #ea ,! ,t[] ( ,la ,mala ,mu]te1 #eb ,! ,ca!dral3 ,view ( ! ,transv]se ,nave1 #ec ,nor? ,angle ( ! ,*apel ( ,villaviciosa1 #ed ,! ,c5tral ,nave ( ! ,mosque1 #ee ,! ,gate ( ,p>don1 #ef ,! ,gate ( ,p>don1 #eg ,! ,gate ( ,p>don1 #eh ,! ,gate ( ,p>don1 #ei ,knock] on ! ,gate ( ,p>don1 #fj ,pr9cipal ,nave & ,mih-rab ( ! ,mosque1 #fa ,entrance to ! ,*apel ( ! ,mih-rab1 #fb ,int]ior ,view ( ! ,mosque 7f a draw+71 #fc ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,int]ior ( ! ,mosque1 #fd ,int]ior ( ! ,mosque1 #fe ,int]ior ( ! ,ca!dral1 #ff ,int]ior ( ! ,mosque1 #fg ,int]ior ( ! ,ca!dral1 #fh ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,*apel ( ,villaviciosa1 #fi ,int]ior ( ! ,mosque1 #gj ,int]ior ( ! ,mosque1 #ga ,lat]al ,door ( ! ,mosque1 #gb ,! ,*apel ( ,villaviciosa 9 ! ,mosque1 #gc ,ext]ior ( ! ,mosque1 #gd ,! ,mosque--,moori% ,portal on ! ,nor? ,side1 built "u ,hakem ,,iii41 #ihh-ajja1 #ge ,*apel ( ,tra/am>a1 s\? side1 #gf ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,*apel ( ! ,mih-rab1 #gg ,faade & ,gate ( ,almanzor1 #gh ,! ,mosque--,elevation ( ! ,gate ( ! ,sanctu>y ( ! ,koran1 #gi ,gate correspond+ to ! ,build+s ( ,al-,hakem ,,ii41 #hj ,portal ( ! ,mih-rab1 #ha ,arcade ( ! ,entrance to ! ,ve/ibule ( ! ,mih-rab1 #hb ,! ,maksurrah 7n[ ! ,villaviciosa ,*apel71 left side1 #hc ,"r ,lat]al ,portal1 )9 ! ,prec9ct ( ! ,maksurrah1 #hd ,detail ( ! ,hall ( ,*ocolate1 #he ,ext]ior ( ! ,*apel ( ! ,mih-rab1 #hf ,detail1 ,ar*es ( ! ,mih-rab1 #hg ,detail 9 ! ,*apel ( ! ,maksurrah1 #hh ,mosaic ,decoration ( ! ,sanctu>y1 #hi ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,int]ior ( ! ,*apel ( ! ,maksurrah & ,/4 ,f]d9&1 #ij ,detail ne> ! ,mih-rab1 #ia ,detail ( ! ,int]ior ( ! ,mih-rab1 #ib ,v]tical ,section ( ! ,dome & ,cupola ( ! ,mih-rab1 #ic ,detail ( ! ,tra/am>a ,*apel1 #id ,detail ( ! ,high] ,"p & ,ro( ( ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,f]d9&1 #ie ,sections ( ! ,mosque1 #if ,sections ( ! ,mosque & ,ca!dral1 #ig ,detail 9 ! ,*apel ( ,tra/am>a1 s\? side1 #ih ,detail 9 ! ,angle ( ! ,ar* ( ! ,mih-rab1 left side1 #ii ,detail 9 ! ,angle ( ! ,ar* ( ! ,mih-rab1 "r side1 #ajj ,detail ( ! ,gate ( ! ,mosque1 #aja ,kufic ,inscription ( ! "t ( ! ,khalifate1 f\nd 9 an ,excavation1 #ajb ,! ,mosque4 ,kufic ,inscription 9 ! ,palace1 #ajc ,arabian ,inscriptions1 #ajd ,arabian ,inscriptions1 #aje ,basem5t ,panel ( ! ,faade ( ! ,mih-rab1 #ajf ,m>ble ,socle 9 ! ,mih-rab1 #ajg ,ext]ior ( ! ,*apel ( ,san ,p$ro1 nor? side1 9 ! ,mosque1 #ajh ,a ,gate on "o ( ! lat]al sides1 #aji ,a ,kufic ,inscription on ! additions made to ! ,mosque by ord] ( ! ,khalif ,al-,hakem1 #aaj ,a ,kufic ,inscription on ! additions made to ! ,mosque by ord] ( ! ,khalif ,al-,hakem1 #aaa ,capitals4 ,entrance ,ar*1 #aab ,detail ( a ,frieze1 #aac ,detail ( a ,cornice1 #aad ,detail ( a ,cornice1 #aae ,ea/]n ,side ( ! ,ext]ior ( ! ,mosque & ,detail1 #aaf ,plan ( ! ,ar* & ,cupola ( ! ,mih-rab1 #aag ,detail ( ! ,portals ( ! ,maksurrah1 #aah ,section & ,details ( ! ,mih-rab ( ! ,mosque1 #aai ,details ( ! ,cupola ( ! ,ve/ibule ( ! ,mih-rab1 #abj ,! ,gate ( ,p>don #aba ,! ,bi%op's ,gate #aba ,! ,mosque4 ,detail ( ! ,tra/am>a ,*apel1 #abb ,! ,mosque4 ,! ,gate ( ! ,sultan1 #abb ,! ,mosque4 ,int]ior ( ! ,mih-rab1 #abc ,! ,mosque4 ,arab ,arcade above ! ,fir/ ,mih-rab1 #abc ,int]ior ( ! ,mosque1 #abd ,int]ior ( ! ,*apel ( ,san ,f]n&o1 #abe ,gate ( ! ,ca!dral1 #abf ,pr9cipal ,entrance to ! ,mosque1 #abg ,! ,mosque4 ,tra/am>a ,*apel1 s\? side1 #abh ,ea/]n ,faade ( ! ,mosque1 #abi ,patio de los ,n>anjos1 #acj ,calle del ,c>d9al ,h]r]o1 #aca ,t[] ( ! ,ca!dral1 #acb ,! ,mosque4 ,pulpit ( ! ,angel1 #acc ,! ,mosque4 ,pulpit ( ! ,bull1 #acd ,ca!dral4 ,*oir ,/alls1 #ace ,ca!dral4 ,pr9cipal ,nave1 #acf ,gate ( ,/4 ,ca?>9e1 #acg ,alt> ( ,san ,rafael1 #ach ,! ,h\se ( ,pez1 #aci ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,roman ,bridge & ,calahorra ov] ! ,guadalquivir1 tak5 f ! ,arab ,mill1 #adj ,calahorra ,ca/le1 #ada ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,roman ,ca/le ( ! ,calahorra1 #adb ,entrance ,gate to ! ,roman ,bridge1 #adc ,almodv> ,gate1 #add ,! ,mills1 #ade ,g5]al ,view & ,roman ,bridge ov] ! ,guadalquivir1 #adf ,grat+ & ,c\rt ( a ,private ,h\se1 #adg ,av5ue ( ! ,gr& ,capta91 #adh ,di/rict & ,*ur* ( ,san ,lor5zo1 #adi ,g5]al ,view ( ! ,bank & ! ,roman ,bridge ov] ! ,guadalquivir1 #aej ,int]ior ( ! ,plaza de ,toros1 #aea ,horticultural ,g>d5s1 #aeb ,! ,bank ( ! ,guadalquivir f ! ,bridge1 #aec ,g5]al ,view ( ,cordova1 #aed ,c\rty>d ( an ,inn1 #aee ,a ,/reet & ,c\ntry ,types1 #aef ,a ,/reet & ,c\ntry ,types1 #aeg ,anci5t ,receptacle = ,wat] ( ,m$9a ,az-,zahira1 ,t5? ,c5tury1 #aeh ,plan ( ,cordova1 #aei ,_m ( ! photographs includ$ 9 ?is volume1 o!r ?an ^? tak5 by myself1 7 suppli$ by ,messrs4 ,rafael ,g>zon ( ,granada1 ,s5an & ,gonzalez ( ,granada1 ,haus] & ,m5et ( ,madrid1 ,ern/ ,wasmu? ( ,b]l91 publi%] ( ,uhde's ,baud5kmael] 9 ,spani5 und ,portugal1 & ,eug5 ,twietmey] ( ,leipzig1 publi%] ( ,junghndel's ,die ,baukun/ ,spani5s1 & ,i take ?is opportunity ( ackn[l$g+ _! k9d p]mission to reproduce !m 9 ?is volume4 ,a4 ,f4 ,c4 ,,cordova ,i ,,! ,,bride ,,( ,,&alus ,an impression ( col\r1 heat1 & somnol5ce gr[s ^u ! /rang] z he rambles ?r\gh ! bright alleys & sunlit plazas ( ,cordova4 ,he may be nei!r pa9t]1 poet1 nor antiqu>y2 yet ! opul5ce ( vivid1 almo/ g>i% tones1 ! romance t l+]s ab\t ! ,moori% c\rty>ds & ! p]fum$ g>d5s1 & ! surviv+1 p]vasive sugge/ion ( age1 w /imulate 8 s5ses & imag9ation4 ,= "o :o is capable ( deep] & m subtle impressions1 ! old city w seem z a consummation ( desire & a realisation ( fanciful dreams4 ,! spell ( ,ori5talism w hold him2 ! spl5d\rs ( ,! ,arabian ,nights w be br\ght be=e 8 vision2 & he w conjure %apes ( sultan1 wiz>d1 g5ii1 & sage1 & see ! lovely ret9ue ( fair wom5 )9 ! palaces ( ! sw>?y pot5tates4 ,music ( re$ & /r+ w delight 8 e>s2 & loit]+ by ! walls1 on ! banks ( ! swirl+ ,guadalquivir1 he w he> ! selfsame song ( ! bulbul :i* br\ght joy & sadness to d>k1 inscrutable eyes 9 old5 days4 ,he w wat* ! blue %ad[s ( mosque & t[]1 & see ! sun lavi% gold on ro( & turret1 :ile 8 eye w be dazzl$ by ! hues ( balconies1 by ! hot g]anium1 ! gay dabs ( dry+ g>m5ts1 hang+ l flags aga9/ ! ard5t sapphire ( ! ,&alusian sky4 ,fram$ 9 ! ar* ( a city gateway1 he w see a lovely vi/a ( v9ey>d1 olive-cr[n$ hillock1 & m$itative1 grey si]ra1 ris+ to ! blue4 ,he w pace ! sil5t squ>e at night1 & disc\rse ) ,s5eca4 ,8 e>s w dr9k 9 ! /oic c\nsels ( ,lucan1 & 8 bra9 w grapple ) ! problems laid d[n by ! sagaci\s ,av]roes4 ,he w he> ! ,moslem call to pray]1 & /& to gaze ^u ! b& ( ! dev\t fil+ into ! ,mezquita4 ,clam\rs ( battle w assail him1 ! cla% ( sword & %ield w />tle 8 slumb]1 & ! night w tremble ) ! triumphant ro> ( ! fi]ce1 invad+ ,go?s4 ,& 9 h\rs1 fragrant ) ! sc5t ( fl[]s--placid 9 contemplation ( ! simple happ9ess ( ,cordova's y\?s & maid5s 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,oranges--he w weave romances ( ! anci5t life1 :5 ! t[n 0 ! seat ( ! cultur$1 ! home ( ! arts1 & ! sanctu>y ( ! pi\s4 ,d\btless ! ,cordova ( to-day subsi/s l o!r t[ns ^u ! indu/ry & ! comm]cial en]gy ( its inhabitants4 ,!re are %ops & hotels 9 ! /reets2 !re are signs ( h&icrafts & ( common daily employm5ts4 ,b !re is no bu/le1 no indication ( a /r5u\s exi/5ce = ! p1 & ! sie/a is long & undi/urb$4 ,!re is a m>ket1 b its produce & m]*&ise d n sugge/ ! weal? & comm]ce ( e>li] days4 ,! consumo1 or cu/oms (fic]1 levies 8 tax ^u almo/ ev]y?+ :i* ! h>d-f>+ peasants br+ into ! t[n1 & we h se5 a conflict betwe5 "o ( ^! (ficials & a c\ntryman ov] a s+le live pigeon4 ,! peasant que/ion$ ! tax1 & ! (fic] expla9$ ! case ) ! flat ( 8 sword-blade4 ,?is incid5t is *>act]i/ic ( ,&alusia1 & p]haps x may ?r[ a light ^u ! discont5t :i* is apt1 at times1 to manife/ itself viol5tly among ! agricultural population ( ,spa94 ,c]ta9ly !re are days ( m>kets & f]ias :5 ,cordova ar\ses itself1 & tra9s ( mules & asses creep into ! place1 & flocks may be se5 9 ! /reets4 ,w9e1 oil1 & fruit are produc$ 9 ! environs1 & gra9-crops fl\ri% on ! pla94 ,9 m$ival times ,cordova 0 fam$ = its m>t1 :]e silk & gra9 7 sold4 ,! di/rict /ill be>s repute = its horse-bre$+1 b ! /ock has suff]$ det]ioration ?r\gh injudici\s selection4 ,an anonym\s ,am]ican writ]1 :o 0 "h 9 #ahca1 speaks ( ! horses ( ,cordova z ! f9e/ 9 ,spa91 & ass]ts t !y are ! desc5dants ( ! pure ,arabian bre$4 ,"o /ill notes _m good horses4 ,x is said t ! wat] f ! ,guadalquivir is z n\ri%+ = horses z is ! b>ley ( c]ta9 di/ricts ( ,spa94 ,! bani%m5t ( ! ,moors ha/5$ ! decay ( ,cordova4 ,= a p]iod ! region 0 almo/ /ripp$ ( its population1 & grass grew 9 ! plazas & patios ( ! t[n4 ,to-day ! inhabitants numb] ab\t fifty ?\s&1 & ?\gh ,cordova we>s an air ( le?>gy1 ! grass does n spr+ up 9 ! /reets4 ,!re seems to be j en\gh human activity to keep ! t[n alive1 & x is n :olly1 z ,h5ry ,o',%ea describ$ x1 #8a city ( ! dead4' ,a c]ta9 measure ( prosp]ity is assur$ = ,cordova by ! attraction ( its antiquity1 :i* br+s /rang]s f _m l&s to visit ! magnific5t ,mezquita4 ,! ,spani>d is n a passionate en?usia/ ( mod]nity4 ,he is cons]vative1 & zeal\s & pr\d ( 8 anci5t t[ns1 & x is q probable t ! bulk ( ! natives ( ,cordova pref] t ! atmosph]e ( ! place %all rema9 m$ival4 ,& we :o resort to ,cordova to reflect ^u its pa/ gr&eur1 & to imbue ourselves ) ! _s ( ! ,moori% days1 are assur$ly satisfi$ t x has n be5 mod]nis$ & m>r$ dur+ ! ye>s t h int]v5$ betwe5 ! great v&alism aft] ! expulsion ( ! ,arabs & ! pres5t "t4 ,we are glad to ?9k t all :i* rema9s ( maje/y & beauty is n[ c>efully *]i%$ & respect$4 ,tol$o & ,avila1 bo? ,moori% t[ns1 display an au/]ity fasc9at+ by reason ( its v grimness4 ,cordova is beautiful by comp>ison1 p>tly on acc\nt ( its situation 9 a f]tile di/rict1 & p>tly because its h\ses are :ite fl[]-deck$1 & *e]ful 9 aspect4 ,x is m voluptu\s ?an ^! =tifi$ t[ns ( ,ca/ile4 ,! climate is s\!rn1 ! air s(t]1 & ! build+s are less /]n 9 col\r+ & less m5ac+ 9 appe>ance4 ,9 ,cordova1 fl[]y c\rts invite y ) a smile2 9 ,tol$o1 fr[n+ gates & b>r$ doors =bid y\r entrance4 ,tol$o rem9ds u t ! ,moors 7 w>riors & conqu]ors1 b5t ^u aggression & ! ext5sion ( t]ritory2 9 ,cordova "o ?9ks ( ! race z sages1 arti/s1 wor%ipp]s1 poets1 & lov]s4 ,! palm-trees plant$ by ,abd-er-,rahman1 #8,! ,s]vant ( ! ,m]ciful ,god1' ! tropical fl[]s & fruits1 ! mosque1 & ! f\nta9s1 give impress ( ! mild]1 pacific1 quietly joy\s life ( ! ,moors4 ,we recall ! words ( ! wise rul]3 #8,beautiful palm-tree6 ?\ art1 l me1 a /rang] 9 ?is l&2 b ?y roots f9d a fri5dly & a f]tile soil1 ?y head rises into a g5ial atmosph]e1 & ! balmy we/ brea!s k9dly among ?y bran*es4' ,by ^! signs we le>n to love ,cordova z ! sanctu>y ( le>n+ & devotion r ?an z ! citadel ( ! valiant4 ,x is ess5tially ,ori5tal4 ,look at ! /reets--n>r[1 crook$1 & %ady1 =1 hav+ no horse vehicles1 ! ,arabs _h no ne$ = wid] ?or\ghf>es4 ,! ro(s ( ! h\ses project & scre5 ! alleys f ! sun4 ,cordova is clean & bright 9 contra/ to ,tol$o4 ,! /reets are free f g>bage2 ! int]iors ( ! h\ses are frequ5tly cleans$1 & fl[]s are gr[n by ri* & poor4 ,fruits are cultivat$ 9 & ar\nd ! t[n1 & "o may pluck ! fig1 orange1 lemon1 date1 pea*1 plum1 pomegranate1 /rawb]ry1 & almond4 ,/&+ on ! massive bridge :i* spans ! ,guadalquivir1 "o looks ^u ! mosque1 ! city walls1 & t[]s ( *ur*es4 ,! ,campo de la ,v]dad =ms a broad promontory wa%$ by ! riv]1 & we see qua9t ,morisco wat]-mills1 & ! lev] nets ( fi%]m54 ,!re are sev5te5 ar*es to ! bridge1 :i* is ( ,moori% design1 /&+ ^u piles con/ruct$ by ! ,romans4 ,9 ! di/ance rises ! range ( ! ,si]ra ,mor5a1 a savage wild]ness ( rock1 rav9e1 & crag1 haunt$ by ! bo>1 de]1 & lynx4 ,w9d+ ?r\gh ri* mead[l&1 ! ,guadalquivir fl[s1 n[ 9 swift %all[s1 & !n 9 sl[ deeps1 :i* f c]ta9 po9ts ( view resemble l&lock$ pools4 ,! riv] is wide1 b n ( great dep?4 ,its flood is /a9$ br[n f ! soil ?r\gh :i* x fl[s1 & at times1 :5 ! m\nta9s pay _! tribute ( swoll5 /reams1 ! ,guadalquivir spe$s 9 a turbid curr5t1 fill+ its banks to ! brim4 ,!re is a lonely maje/y ab\t ?is tawny riv] :i* = _m leagues ( its c\rse fl[s ?r\gh a desolate1 des]t$ pla94 ,x has b few trees ^u its banks2 b "h & !re are /ret*es ( bru%wood t5ant$ by night+ales4 ,! /ork visits ! sil5t rea*es to fi% = eels4 ,^u its br[n banks gr[s ! cold grey cactus4 ,! riv] bre$s b>bel1 t5*1 & big eels1 & 9 ! summ] %ad asc5d f ! sea4 ,9 ,roman times ! ,guadalquivir 0 navigable z f> z ,cordova1 b to-day ! *annels h silt$ up4 ,a few salt pools 9 ! pla9s %[ t ! sea once cov]$ l>ge tracts ( ?is "p ( ,&alusia4 ,! riv] is n[ tidal = "s miles above ,seville1 & %ips ( heavy tonnage c rea* t port4 ,9 ! middle & upp] rea*es ! riv] is unfrequ5t$2 x wat]s grassy wa/es & f]tile vegas1 & murmurs by groves ( olives 9 its c\rse by ,&uj> & ,cordova4 ,antillon1 a ,spani% writ]1 accuses ! ,cordovese ( ignorance & co>se mann]s4 ,we enc\nt]$ nei!r ( ^! qualities dur+ our /ay 9 ! old t[n4 ,cordova has its m5dicants1 ^: eyes are ke5 = ! adv5t ( visitors1 & ! boys are some:at tr\blesome 9 _! volunt>y capacity z guides to ! sights ( ! place4 ,b ! natives ( ,cordova are s$ate1 picturesque folk1 %[+ no disc\rtesy to ! /rang]1 b r a disposition to assi/ him4 ,!re are ?ree pr9cipal ho/elries--! ,suiza & ! ,ori5te are ! visitors' h\ses2 b ^? :o desire a purely ,spani% environm5t may f9d qu>t]s at ! little ,victoria1 :i* has a v *>m+ patio1 gay ) fl[]s4 ,!re are sev]al good cafs4 ,= amusem5t !re is ! ,gr& ,teatro1 a l>ge h\se1 9 :i* we saw ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville p]=m$4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a bull-r+1 ! ,plaza de ,toros ( e t[n 9 ,spa94 ,! *ief fights are held dur+ ! f]ias ( ,may & ,septemb]4 ,b ,cordova is ! t[n ( dreams1 memories1 & m$itations r ?an ( exub]ant gaiety4 ,x is a ,mecca ( ! arti/ic & ! /udi\s4 ,= g>i% pleasure1 sp>kl+ society1 & excitem5t "o mu/ g to ,seville1 ,malaga1 or ,cadiz4 ,!re is a s]5e solemnity 9 ,cordova1 ?\gh x is by no means a gloomy city4 ,! mosque is ! attraction & ! wond] ( ! city1 & sacr$ temples d n dispose to hil>ity4 ,cordova is eloqu5t ( ! gorge\s1 h]oic pa/1 & its /ones conta9 s]mons ^u human de/9y & ! insecurity ( empires4 ,x is a g>d5 city1 antiquat$1 improgressive1 t5aci\s ( ! anci5t _s1 & ab\nd+ 9 beauty ( =m & col\r4 ,cordova conta9s only ! remnants ( its pri/9e magnific5ce1 b ^! are m>vell\s & preci\s4 ,! city once boa/$ ( fifty ?\s& respl5d5t palaces1 & a hundr$ ?\s& inf]ior h\ses4 ,its mosques numb]$ sev5 hundr$1 & ! cleanly ,moors built n9e hundr$ public ba?s4 ,! city /ret*$ = t5 miles along ! banks ( ! ,guadalquivir1 flank$ ) walls1 battlem5ts1 & t[]s1 & approa*$ by gu>d$ gates4 ,! common folk spoke 9 phrases ( poetry2 !re 7 no illit]ates4 ,art 9 e bran* fl\ri%$ 9 ! city2 !re 7 ho/s ( craftsm5 work+ 9 brass1 gold1 & clay4 ,! libr>ies 7 huge1 & hi!r came m5 ( sci5ce1 philosoph]s1 poets1 & /ud5ts ( all subjects to glean f ! /ore ( ! _w's accumulat$ ?\ght4 ,?r\gh\t ,europe ! m5tion ( ,cordova br\ght ye>n+ to ! he>ts ( ! cultur$ & /udi\s1 & m5 suff]$ h>d%ip & /ress to pay pilgrimages to ?is s\rce ( le>n+4 ,_m :o j\rney$ hi!r e*o$ ! words ( ,ibn ,s>eh1 ! poet1 :i* he utt]$ ^u ent]+ ! seat ( wisdom3 #8,god be prais$2 ,i am 9 ,cordova1 ! abode ( sci5ce1 ! ?rone ( ! ,sultans6' ,seville 0 #8! gem1' #8! pe>l' ( ,&alusia2 ,cordova 0 call$ #8! ,bride4' ,el-,makk>i1 ! ,moori% *ronicl]1 rehe>ses _m ( ! poetical tributes paid by ,moslem writ]s to ! spl5did city4 ,sett+ =? ! culture ( ! city1 he adds1 9 "o place3 #8,! ,cordovans 7 fur!r celebrat$ = ! elegance & ri*ness ( _! dress1 _! att5tion to religi\s duties1 _! /rict obs]vance ( ! h\rs ( pray]1 ! high respect & v5]ation 9 :i* !y held _! mosque1 _! av]sion to w9e & _! de/ruction ( w9e-vases :]ev] !y f\nd any1 _! abhorr5ce ( e illicit practice1 _! glory 9 nobility ( desc5t & milit>y ent]prise1 & _! success 9 e dep>tm5t ( ! sci5ces4' ,su* 7 ! inhabitants ( ,cordova at ! "t :5 ! city 0 ! great capital ( ! ,mohamm$an empire4 ,seville & ,tol$o yield$ pre-em95ce to ,cordova1 & m5 spoke 9 v5]ation ( its f\r great wond]s3 ! imm5se & gorge\s mosque1 ! bridge ov] ! ,guadalquivir1 ! city ( ,ez-,zahra1 situat$ 9 ! suburbs1 & ! sci5ces :i* 7 /udi$ 9 ! colleges4 ,:5 we read ! anci5t annals & gr[ absorb$ by ! /ory ( ,cordova's pa/1 we c sc>cely realise t ! t[n & its inmates 7 real ?+s4 ,! place & ! p seem to belong to ! realm ( fairy romance2 ! city seems "o ( dreams1 & ! natives pass z 9 a pageant ( ! imag9ation4 ,& yet we may ent] ! sacr$ mih-rab1 commune ) ! gho/s ( w>rior & philosoph]1 & /& :]e ,t>ik /ood :5 he wre/$ ! priz$ capital f ! ,go?s4 ,tangible evid5ce ( a sup]b civilisation surr\nds u 9 ,cordova4 ,we see examples ( e>ly ,moori% ar*itecture br\ght to its highe/ arti/ic manife/ation 9 ! mosque4 ,we li/5 9 va9 = ! voices ( tea*]s1 ! song ( ! s+]s & poets1 & ! call ( ! muezz9 to devotion2 b we tread 9 ! foot/eps ( ! long-vani%$ ,moor1 & read 8 /ory 9 ! noble l9es1 *a/e embelli%m5ts1 & gorge\s details :i* 8 skilful h&s produc$4 ,,ii ,,! ,,moori% ,,capture ,probably a city ( ! ,c>?ag9ians once /ood ^u ! gr\nd n[ cov]$ by ,cordova4 ,phnicians1 ,greeks1 ,trojans1 & ,tyrians battl$ 9 _! day = ! ri* spoil ( ,spa91 & ! armies ( ,c>?age ravag$ ! :ole ( ! c\ntry4 ,rome wr\ght ! d[nfall ( ! ,c>?ag9ian dom9ion 9 ,btica 7,&alusia7 & ,lusitania 7,spa974 ,9 ,a4,d4 #bje ! ,romans began to lay h&s on ! ,ib]ian ,p59sula1 & aft] long /rife !y conqu]$ all ! l& save ! t]ritory ( ! indomitable ,basques ( ! rocky nor?4 ,at ,corduba 7,cordova7 ! ,romans e/abli%$ a capital ( ,hispania ,ult]ior1 & ! city 0 "o ( importance & prosp]ity4 ,"u ,cs> x became ! *ief t[n ( ,btica4 ,accord+ to ,plut>*1 ! gov]nm5t ( ,spa9 0 giv5 to ,julius ,cs> aft] 8 prtor%ip1 & he rul$ firmly & ju/ly ov] ,portugal & ,&alusia4 ,! conqu]+ emp]or resid$ 9 ,corduba1 & x 0 "h t he 0 fir/ attack$ ) epilepsy4 ,b5ea? ! rule ( ,rome ,&alusia prosp]$4 ,roads1 bridges1 & aqu$ucts 7 con/ruct$2 cities 7 enl>g$ & f\nd$1 indu/ries 7 develop$1 & ! weal? ( ! c\ntry increas$4 ,?is spell ( peace & progress 0 brok5 by ! conflict betwe5 ,cs> & ,pompey1 & ,spa9 0 ! sc5e ( "s ( _! fi]ce/ battles4 ,) ! decay ( ,roman greatness & val\r1 ,btica 0 ov]run by ! ho/s ( ! ,go?s f nor!rn & ea/]n ,europe4 ,l bea/s ( prey ^! hordes despoil$ ! ,roman cities1 %att]+ temple & amphi!atre1 & lay+ wa/e f]tile f>ms & abundant or*>ds4 ,rome yield$ its la/ hold ^u fair ,btica2 ! ,go?s seiz$ ^u ! l&1 & split x up into t]ritories rul$ by w>riors4 ,! invad]s 7 ru?less 9 _! de/ruction2 !y aim$ at remov+ e trace ( ! ,roman civilisation1 & un=tunately !y 7 successful 9 accompli%+ an almo/ univ]sal demolition ( build+1 monum5t1 & /atue4 ,cordova 0 "o ( ! resid5ces ( ! ,go?ic k+s4 ,x 0 kn[n z ,kordhobah among ! ,go?s4 ,!re is little d\bt t x 0 a city ( consid]able opul5ce2 = :5 x 0 sack$ by ! ,moors x yield$ gorge\s robes1 embroid]$ ) gold fl[]s1 f9e *a9s ( gold1 /r+s ( pe>ls1 & quantities ( em]alds & rubies4 ,! sway ( ,ludh]ick1 or ,rod]ick1 ,k+ ( ! ,go?s1 0 fir/ m5ac$ by ,t>if ! ,b]b]4 ,rod]ick 0 9 dispute ) ! ,"l ( ,ceuta1 a city on ! ,/rait ( ,gibralt>1 & ?is qu>rel expos$ him to ! attack ( ! covet\s t]ritory-hunt]s ( nor!rn ,africa4 ,:ile ,rod]ick & ! ,"l ( ,ceuta cont5d$1 ,t>if1 ! r$\btable lead] ( ! ,b]b] army1 l&$ 9 ,spa91 ) a =ce ( "o hundr$ cavalry & f\r hundr$ foot-soldi]s4 ,t>if appe>s to h solicit$ re9=cem5ts1 9 ord] to meet ! ,go?s at bett] odds4 ,a =ce "u ,t>ik 0 !n s5t by ,musa ,ibn ,noseyr1 ) ! object ( captur+ ,&alusia4 ,z ,t>ik 0 cross+ ! sea1 he beheld an app>ition ( ,mohamm$1 surr\nd$ by arm$ ,arabs4 ,! ,prophet bade ! ,g5]al take *e]1 say+3 #8,take c\rage1 ,o ,t>ik1 & accompli% :at ?\ art de/9$ to p]=m4' ,! vision 0 accept$ by ! anxi\s ,t>ik z an om5 ( victory4 ,he ralli$ 8 soldi]s1 & m>*$ ^u ,cordova1 :i* 0 ! royal citadel ( ,rod]ick4 ,! ,go?ic k+1 ^u ! tid+s ( ! invasion1 came f ! nor? ) 8 army to ! capital1 & comm&$ 8 (fic] ,!odemir to advance & enc\nt] ,t>ik4 ,rod]ick 0 at ?is "t /riv+ ) ! sons ( ,witiza1 ! prec$+ mon>*1 = 8 claim to c]ta9 t]ritories4 ,c\nt ,julian & ,bi%op ,oppas sid$ ) ! pr9ces1 & a l>ge numb] ( ! p /ood to _! cause4 ,! adv5t ( ! =ces ( ,musa s]v$ z an opportunity = ! sons ( ,witiza to /rike a bl[ at ,rod]ick1 _! p[]ful enemy4 ,!y decid$ to jo9 ! army ( ,t>ik1 & to oppose ! ,go?ic rule4 ,! comb9$ ho/s ( ,t>ik & ! sons ( ,witiza encamp$ to ! s\? ( ,cordova1 aft] tak+ ,algeciras4 ,mean:ile ! ,moori% comm&] wrote to 8 sup]ior = m troops1 = ,rod]ick boa/$ ( a l>ge & valor\s foll[+4 ,! great enc\nt] betwe5 ! ,go?s & ! ,moors 0 enact$ on ! pla9 ( ,guadalete4 ,rod]ick came to ! field 9 a litt]1 c>ri$ by two mules1 & ov] 8 head 0 a brilliantly jewell$ canopy4 ,aid$ by ! disaffect$ pr9ces & _! adh]5ts1 ,t>ik made a t]rific onslaught ^u ! ranks ( ! ,go?s4 ,x has be5 rec\nt$ by ,moori% hi/orians t ,t>ik himself w5t into ! ?ick ( ! fight1 & kill$ ,rod]ick ) 8 sword4 ,?is acc\nt is1 h[ev]1 d\bt$ by ,el-,makk>i1 :o ass]ts t aft] ! battle ,rod]ick c\ld n be f\nd alive or dead4 ,! victory 0 mighty & complete = ! ,moors4 ,^u ! news ( ,t>ik's success1 8 compatriots began to p\r into ! c\ntry1 = ! purpose ( colonisation1 & 9 ! expectation ( enri*m5t 9 a l& :i* _h yield$ =tune to ,c>?ag9ian1 ,roman1 & ,visigo?4 ,b ,cordova 0 /ill secure 9 ! keep+ ( ! ,*ri/ians1 ?\gh ,rod]ick _h be5 defeat$4 ,naturally ! victori\s ,t>ik ye>n$ to w9 fre% laurels1 & 8 design 0 ^u ! great capital ( ! ,go?s1 ! rema9+ /ronghold ( ! r\t$ def5d]s ( ,btica4 ,! g5]al select$ = ! attack ^u ,cordova 0 ,mugh? ,ar-rumi4 ,at ! direction ( ,t>ik1 ?is w>rior rode1 ) sev5 hundr$ horsem51 to lay siege to ! city4 ,"s ( ! ,moori% *ronicl]s /ate t ,t>ik himself l$ ! exp$ition aga9/ ! capital2 b ,mugh? appe>s to h be5 ! lead] ^u :om ! conduct ( ?is important movem5t fell4 ,advanc+ )9 a %ort di/ance ( ,cordova1 ! =ce encamp$ 9 a =e/1 & rema9$ cauti\sly 9 hid+4 ,at ?is "t _m p>ts ( ,&alusia1 :i* are n[ :olly b>e ( trees1 7 well wood$4 ,! fooli% de/ruction ( ! =e/s came lat]1 "u ! ,*ri/ian rule1 ! reason = ! :olesale fell+ ( timb] be+ t trees h>b\r birds1 & t birds fe$ ^u se$ & gra94 ,conceal$ 9 a d5se p9ewood1 ,mugh? ,ar-rumi saw ! covet$ city almo/ )9 8 grasp4 ,b ! walls 7 high1 /\tly =tifi$1 & =midable1 & ! def5d]s 7 reput$ valiant & /ubborn4 ,sc\ts f ! ,moori% army 7 s5t to view ! def5ces ( ! city4 ,!y met a %eph]d1 & f him !y extract$ ! intellig5ce t ! *ief resid5ts ( ,cordova _h quitt$1 & fl$ to ,tol$o = protection4 ,by ?reat or bribe1 ! spies also ga!r$ f ! %eph]d t !re 0 "o weak spot 9 ! city walls4 ,) ?is in=mation !y return$ to ! ambu%1 & acqua9t$ ,mugh? ) t :i* !y _h le>n$4 ,! ,moori% comm&] bade 8 w>riors prep>e = a night attack ^u ! city4 ,d>kness & a heavy %[] ( hail fav\r$ ! /eal?y approa* ( ! horsem5 to ! walls1 ! hail dr[n+ ! s\nd ( ! horses' ho(s4 ,a halt 0 call$4 ,mugh? ord]$ an inspection ( ! walls1 enjo9+ a close wat* = s5tries4 ,! advance p>ty report$ t no s5t9els 7 to be se5 at _! po/s1 & t ! city seem$ deep 9 slumb]4 ,^u ?is ! %eph]d quietly conduct$ ! soldi]s to ! weake/ po9t ( ! embattlem5ts1 :]e grew a big fig-tree4 ,"o ( ! ,moors clamb]$ into ! topmo/ bran* ( ! tree1 & contriv$ to ga9 ! summit ( ! city wall4 ,unroll+ ! coils ( 8 turban1 ,mugh? ?rew "o end to ! man1 :o us$ x z a rope to assi/ 8 comrades 9 scal+ ! b>ri]4 ,! entrance into ! city 0 a*iev$ quietly & ) little loss ( "t4 ,) sc>cely any ef=t ( resi/ance1 ! />tl$ inhabitants fl$ f _! h\ses1 &1 head$ by ! ,gov]nor1 ru%$ to a *ur* = safety4 ,! edifice prov$ a v]itable fa/ness = a l>ge numb] ( ! p4 ,mugh? ,ar-rumi 0 baffl$4 ,8 only c\rse 0 to cut (f all approa* to & egress f ! *ur*1 tru/+ t />vation w\ld compel ! imprison$ populace to yield4 ,b he 0 unaw>e t a conduit br\ght wat] und]gr\nd to ! build+1 & t ! def5d]s 7 probably able to hold out = "s "t1 hav+ provid$ !mselves ) rations = a /ate ( siege4 ,a negro1 :o manag$ to f9d a way into ! *ur*1 0 s5t z a spy4 ,?is man imm$iately fell into ! h&s ( ! besieg$1 :o 7 at fir/ al>m$ by 8 appe>ance4 ,!y _h nev] se5 a human creature ) a sk9 ( ebony & hair ( wool4 ,mi/ak+ ! hue ( ! black man's sk9 = uncleanl9ess1 !y wa%$ & scrubb$ him ) great pa9s4 ,b1 greatly to _! wond]1 ! black cov]+ refus$ to leave ! man's sk91 & !y at l5g? end$ ! prolong$ ablutions4 ,9 sev5 days ! mu*-scrubb$ negro made 8 escape4 ,to ,mugh? he report$ ! conduit4 ,:]eupon ! g5]al promptly cut (f ! supply ( wat]1 & ?\ght to br+ ! p to in/ant surr5d]4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 disappo9t$1 = ! b& 9 ! *ur* /ill bravely held out & defi$ him4 ,! extreme/ measure 0 at l5g? employ$ by ! impati5t ,moor4 ,= ?ree mon?s ! refugees _h resi/$ all endeav\r to eject !m or to />ve !m into submission4 ,! *ur* 0 fir$1 & ! luckless def5d]s _h no *oice betwe5 in/ant dea? & yield+4 ,!y ru%$ f ! flames1 & ! ,gov]nor ( ! city 0 tak5 captive4 ,! *ur* 0 aft]w>ds kn[n z #8,! ,*ur* ( ! ,burn+4' ,s fell ! ,kordhobah ( ! ,go?ic k+s4 ,! palace became ! resid5ce ( ,mugh?1 :o liv$ !re until he _h decid$ ^u ! future gov]nm5t ( ! city4 ,be=e leav+ ,cordova1 ! ,moori% g5]al appo9t$ ! ,jewi% resid5ts ! rul]s ( ! city4 ,?us ! oppress$ & plund]$ ,hebrew came into possession1 & rose to ! position ( autocratic director ( ^? :o _h bitt]ly p]secut$ him4 ,?is affront to ! dignity ( ! pr\d ,go?s 0 d\btless griev\s to !m 9 ! h\r ( _! defeat4 ,b x 0 a %rewd policy ( rul]%ip on ! "p ( ,mugh? ,ar-rumi4 ,:e!r c]ta9 ( ! ,moori% writ]s ( ?is p]iod are correct 9 relat+ t ,t>ik 0 be=e ! walls ( ,cordova1 we are n able to say4 ,x is writt5 t he came ) an army1 & aft] wait+ n9e days 9 impati5ce1 be+ unable to =ce an entry1 he dep>t$1 & left ,mugh? to capture ! city4 ,cordova 0 n[ made subject to ! ,khalif ( ,damascus2 b 9 #gef x 0 indep5d5t1 "u ! rule ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 ,accord+ to ,el-,makk>i1 ,ayub 0 ! fir/ to e/abli% ! capital ( ! t]ritory ( ,&alus at ,cordova4 ,mugh?1 ! captur] ( ,cordova1 0 n only an intrepid soldi]1 he 0 a s*ol> & poet1 & a lov] ( ! arts4 ,aft] ! tak+ ( ! city he w5t to ,damascus1 b return$ to ,cordova & liv$ 9 ! palace4 ,,iii ,,! ,,omeyyad ,,dyna/y ,abd-er-,rahman1 a brave pr9ce ( a family t _h rul$ ,damascus1 0 born 9 tr\bl$ times 9 ! camp be=e t city4 ,es-,deffah _h seiz$ ^u ! ?rone2 ! family ( ! ,omeyyads 0 hurl$ f p[]4 ,:ile "u s5t5ce ( dea? = 8 attempt to re/ore ! =tunes ( 8 family1 ,abd-er-,rahman pass$ a p]iod ( w&]+ among ,arab h]dsm54 ,8 dream 0 ( ,&alusia1 :]e ! support]s ( ! ,omeyyads 7 /ill num]\s & p[]ful2 & by d9t ( en]gy & en?usiasm ! "y pr9ce contriv$ to =m a corps ( "o ?\s& ,arabs4 ,abdulmalek ,ibn ,kattan1 :o _h usurp$ rul]%ip 9 ,cordova1 _h be5 defeat$ by ! adv5tur\s ,balj at ! head ( a troop ( ,syrians4 ,! luckless ,abdulmalek1 aft] fall+ into ! h&s ( ,balj1 0 crucifi$ 9 a field outside ,cordova1 ) a hog on "o side & a dog on ! o!r4 ,until recov]$ by fri5ds & remov$ = burial1 ! body ( ! conqu]$ sultan 0 left ^u ! cross z a m5ace to 8 foll[]s4 ,b ,balj enjoy$ only a %ort spell ( p[]1 = at ! end ( elev5 mon?s he 0 =c$ to enc\nt] ! r$\btable pr9ce ( ! ,omeyyads1 ^: army ( ,arabs 0 l>gely augm5t$ by fi]ce p>tisans 9 ,spa94 ,m>*+ ^u ,cordova1 ,abd-er-,rahman besieg$ ! city4 ,balj 0 w\nd$1 & 8 injuries caus$ 8 dea?4 ,f ?is "t1 = ab\t ?ree c5turies1 ! capital ( ,&alusia 0 held by ! ,omeyyad l9e1 & dur+ ?is rule ! city rea*$ ! highe/ /age ( its might & magnific5ce4 ,! ,arab writ]s /ate t ! indep5d5t khalifate ( ,cordova 0 f\nd$ by ,abd-er-,rahman ,i41 aft] conqu]+ ,yusuf1 :o reign$ 9 ! city4 ,yusuf resi/$ ! ,omeyyad troops outside ! walls ( ,cordova1 &1 be+ wor/$1 he retir$4 ,abd-er-,rahman !n ent]$ ! city1 & appo9t+ ! comm& to ,abu ,o?man1 w5t 9 pursuit ( ! remnant ( ,yusuf's army4 ,mean:ile ,yusuf c\nt]-m>*$1 return$ to ,cordova1 & assail$ ,abu ,o?man1 promis+ him future security = himself & 8 relatives if he w\ld surr5d]4 ,x is said t ,o?man refus$ to accept ! t]ms ( surr5d]4 ,b ev5tually ,yusuf & ,abd-er-,rahman came to an agreem5t1 & bo? mon>*s liv$ 9 ! city 7,a4,d4 #geg7 9 amity4 ,! treaty 01 h[ev]1 aft]w>ds brok5 by ,yusuf1 :o left 8 palace1 collect$ a =ce1 & made w> 9 ,&alusia4 ,he 0 fru/rat$ by ! ,gov]nor ( ,seville1 b aft] ! conflict ,yusuf escap$ to ,tol$o4 ,"h he 0 recognis$ 9 ! /reet1 & murd]$1 by spies :o hop$ to receive rew>d = _! fealty to ,abd-er-,rahman4 ,yusuf's head 0 s5t to ,cordova1 & nail$ to an ar* ( ! bridge1 toge!r ) ! head ( 8 son4 ,^u atta9+ ! ?rone1 ,abd-er-,rahman began to turn 8 en]gies to ! developm5t ( ,cordova4 ,he _h a passion = build+4 ,a new palace arose1 mosques & ba?s 7 erect$1 & an aqu$uct 0 con/ruct$ to br+ pure wat] f ! m\nta9s4 ,9 #ghf ,abd-er-,rahman sup]vis$ ! build+ ( ! huge & spl5did ,mezquita4 ,9 "* ! fir/ ,omeyyad rul] 0 humane1 eloqu5t1 & brave4 ,he _h r$ hair1 a fre% sk91 & high *eek-bones4 ,8 =m 0 tall & supple1 & he 0 fond ( ex]cise1 especially ! sport ( falconry4 ,8 dress 0 always ( :ite l951 & he liv$ simply4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 blots ^u ! reputation ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 ,he 0 ( viol5t temp]1 & subject to /rong prejudices4 ,8 treatm5t ( ,abu ,o?man1 ,tema91 & o!r allies1 :o _h assi/$ him 9 ga9+ p[]1 0 n g5]\s4 ,he reign$ = ov] ?irty-?ree ye>s1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,cordova4 ,hi%am1 son ( ,abd-er-,rahman1 succe$$ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,cordova4 ,he 0 e/eem$ z a wise k+1 & "u 8 direction ! "w ( build+ & adorn+ ! ,mezquita 0 cont9u$4 ,hi%am f\nd$ s*ools = tea*+ ! ,arabic language1 & he re/or$ ! long bridge ov] ! ,guadalquivir4 ,! next rul] 0 ,hakem1 :o cont9u$ ! "w ( enl>g+ & improv+ ! mosque4 ,?is sov]eign 0 soon confront$ ) ! trials ( a rebellion 9 ! city1 & a v griev\s p]iod ( fam9e4 ,a poet ( ,cordova wrote3 #8,"t has br\ght on /]ility & fam9e1 b ! calamity itself has prov$ a b5efit to ,al-,hakem4 ,x has insur$ 8 rule1 & deliv]$ him ( _m a rebelli\s subject4' ,hakem 0 ! fir/ k+ to give regul> pay to ! army4 ,he left a family ( tw5ty boys & tw5ty girls1 & ! ?rone desc5d$ to "o ( 8 sons1 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,ii4 ,! f\r? ,omeyyad sultan 0 an enc\rag] ( poets1 pa9t]s1 & philosoph]s4 ,abu ,m]uan1 ! illu/ri\s hi/orian1 liv$ 9 ?is reign1 & ,ziryb1 ! di/+ui%$ musician1 0 a c\rt fav\rite4 ,:5 ,ziryb 0 on 8 way to ! city ( culture & ! arts1 8 royal patron w5t out to receive him ) hon\r & pomp4 ,be+ himself a poet & a passionate wor%ipp] ( music1 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,ii4 0 a true fri5d ( all arti/s4 ,ziryb1 ! compos]1 0 s+ul>ly v]satile4 ,we read t he inv5t$ a new process = mak+ l95 :ite1 t he introduc$ asp>agus into ,&alusia1 inv5t$ a cry/al w>e1 & taught ! use ( lea!r b$s4 ,x is int]e/+ to le>n t ! h>em ( ! second ,abd-er-,rahman conta9$ sev]al cultur$ wom54 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,t>b1 a fav\rite concub9e1 to :om ! mon>* address$ ^! l9es3 #8,:5 ! sun rises e day to give u light1 x rem9ds me ( ,t>b4 ,i am ! happie/ ( mortals1 s9ce ,i am successful 9 love & prosp]\s 9 w>4' ,ano!r beauty ( ! c\rt 0 ,kalam1 a woman ( le>n+4 ,%e recit$ poetry & 0 gift$ 9 music4 ,we may pass ov] ! some:at unev5tful p]iod ( rule "u ,mohamm$ & ,abdullah1 & ent] ^u ! reign ( ! illu/ri\s ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii4 7#iab-ifa71 ! greate/ ( ! ,omeyyads1 & ! mo/ enlight5$ ( ! trio ( mon>*s be>+ 8 "n4 ,?is 0 ! cr[n+1 ! mo/ glori\s1 h\r ( ,cordova's spl5d\r4 ,! ,moors 7 9 possession ( almo/ ! :ole ( ,spa94 ,draw a l9e on ! map ( ! c\ntry f ! nor?-ea/]n limit ( ! ,pyr5ees to ,coimbra1 nor? ( ,lisbon1 & y w divide ! region ( ! conqu]$ ,ib]ians ( ! ,biscayan m\nta9s f ! k+dom ( ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,all ! di/ricts bel[ ! l9e 7 gov]n$ by ! ,moors4 ,9 #acfj only ,granada rema9$ z ! remnant ( ,moori% might 9 ,spa94 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii4 liv$ 9 a gorge\s palace 9 ! nor!rn qu>t] ( ,cordova4 ,?is 0 b "o ( ! sumptu\s h\ses ( ! city 9 ! height ( its gr&eur1 =1 on ! au?ority ( sev]al *ronicl]s1 !re 7 fifty ?\s& palaces 9 ,cordova1 besides ?ree hundr$ mosques4 ,"o ( ^! palaces 0 kn[n z ,damascus2 o!rs 7 call$ ! ,palace ( ! ,g>d51 ! ,palace ( ,cont5tm5t1 & ! ,palace ( ,fl[]s4 ,! glitt] ( ,cordova %one af> ?r\gh\t ! ,moslem _w4 ,ibn ,said1 ! hi/orian1 wrote a full description ( #8! beauties ( ! k+dom ( ,cordova1' conta9+ in=mation conc]n+ ! population1 indu/ries1 & build+s ( ! fair & opul5t city4 ,! wat] f ! aqu$uct 0 collect$ 9 a l>ge res]voir1 9 :i* /ood ! image ( a lion1 cov]$ ) gold1 & hav+ jewels = ! eyes4 ,! /ream p\r$ 9 at ! h9d "p ( ! lion1 & gu%$ f ! m\?1 & ! ov]fl[ ran to ! ,guadalquivir4 ,a palace ^u ar*es 0 built ov] ! riv]4 ,dimascus1 ! *ief palace1 _h ro(s support$ by m>ble columns1 & dazzl+ floors ( mosaics4 ,walls surr\nd$ ! city1 :i* 0 approa*$ by beautiful gates1 be>+ su* names z ,bab ,koriah 7! ,gate ( ,coria71 ,bbu-el-,tam5 7! ,gate ( ! ,g>d5s71 & ,bbu-el-,jemi 7! ,gate ( ! ,great ,mosque74 ,! wise1 ! /udi\s1 & ^? skill$ 9 ! arts & ! crafts flock$ to ,cordova dur+ ! reign ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii4 ,surr\nd$ by ! le>n$ 9 8 spl5did palace1 ! great ,khalif liv$ 9 an atmosph]e ( ?\ght & beauty4 ,lit]>y m5 came nightly to recite _! /ories to ! sultan & 8 nobles1 musicians play$ _! compositions1 & ma/]s ( sci5ce exp\nd$ _! !ories & discov]ies4 ,amid ! c\nsels ( ! intellectual & ! prud5t ,abd-er-,rahman rul$ ) discretion1 ju/ice1 & tol]ance2 ,spa9 _h rea*$ ! height ( its civilisation4 ,! l& 0 made to yield ( its ri*e/2 fruits & fl[]s ( ! tropics fl\ri%$2 ! /e$s ( ,arabia 7 br$ 9 ! vales ar\nd ! city2 work]s 9 clay1 wood1 & metals pli$ _! crafts ) lov+ indu/ry2 & ! _w wond]$ at ?is spectacle ( might1 culture1 & peace4 ,x 0 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii4 :o caus$ ! build+ ( ,m$9at-,ez-,zahra1 a city situat$ at a di/ance ( f\r miles & a ?ird f ,cordova4 ,?is m>vell\s suburb conta9$ m>kets1 tav]ns1 ba?s1 & in/itutions ( le>n+4 ,a /up5d\s mosque 0 erect$4 ,el-,makk>i speaks ( ! magnific5t palace1 :]e9 ! ,khalif 0 s]v$ by an army ( s]vants2 ! g>d5s1 & ! fi%ponds teem+ ) well-f$ fi%1 :o 7 regal$ ) a daily all[ance ( twelve ?\s& loaves ( bread4 ,=ty ye>s 7 sp5t 9 ! mak+ ( ,ez-,zahra4 ,t5 ?\s& workm5 & ?ree ?\s& horses & mules 7 employ$ 9 ! lab\r4 ,! columns came f ,c>?age1 ,rome1 & ,con/ant9ople2 ! walls & ro( ( ! palace 7 ( m>ble adorn$ ) gold4 ,^u view+ ! maje/ic city1 a ,moori% writ] cri$3 #8,praise be to ,god ,mo/ ,high = all[+ ,8 humble creatures to design & build su* en*ant+ palaces z ?is1 & :o p]mitt$ !m to inhabit !m z a sort ( recomp5ce 9 ?is _w1 & 9 ord] t ! fai?ful might be enc\rag$ to foll[ ! pa? ( virtue1 by ! reflection t1 delightful z 7 ^! pleasures1 !y 7 /ill f> bel[ ^? res]v$ = ! true believ] 9 ! ,cele/ial ,p>adise4' ,:5 ! mess5g]s ( ,con/ant9e came to ,ez-,zahra1 !y 7 aw$ & made spee*less by ! maje/ic gr&eur ( ! palace4 ,alas6 to-day n a ve/ige ( ,m$9at-,ez-,zahra survives4 ,! ru?less ,b]b]s raz$ ! fair city to ! gr\nd 9 #ajaj1 leav+ n a /one to rem9d ! behold] ( its pa/ glory4 ,! la/ ,abd-er-,rahman possess$ a love ( c]emony & spl5d\r4 ,he built palaces1 mosques1 & halls to appease ?is passion ( o/5tation2 & we read t :5 pot5tates j\rney$ to seek 8 pres5ce1 he caus$ elaborate build+s to be erect$ = _! nightly reception along ! r\te4 ,9 read+ ( ! ,mezquita1 we %all see h[ mu* ( 8 "t & weal? 7 devot$ to improv+ & embelli%+ ! great /ructure4 ,^u ! city ( ,ez-,zahra ,abd-er-,rahman sp5t huge sums f ! treasury4 ,x 0 built to please "o ( 8 concub9es1 aft] :om x 0 nam$1 & a /atue ( ! fair fav\rite 0 c>v$ 9 relief ov] ! *ief gateway4 ,! palaces 7 ( massive plan & beautiful design4 ,d>k hills =m$ ! backgr\nd to ! city1 & ref]r+ to ! situation ,ez-,zahra said3 #8,see1 ,o ma/]1 h[ beautiful ?is girl looks 9 ! arms ( yond] ,e?iopian4' ,! sombre hills 71 h[ev]1 an eyesore to ,abd-er-,rahman1 & he propos$ to remove !m2 b ?is feat ( eng9e]+ 0 n c>ri$ out1 & to relieve ! blackness ( ! slopes ! ,sultan caus$ !m to be plant$ ) fig & almond trees4 ,hakem ,,ii41 :o succe$$ ,abd-er-,rahman1 0 a j rul]1 di/+ui%$ = 8 humility4 ,he 0 a zeal\s ascetic1 & he pass$ laws condemn+ ! use ( w9e4 ,to en=ce ab/95ce f ! juice ( ! grape1 he root$ up ! v9ey>ds4 ,we %all see lat] h[ ?is ,khalif devot$ himself to enri*+ ! ,mezquita4 ,we h n[ rea*$ ! reign ( ! p[]ful ,almanzor1 or ,almansur1 a romantic & ambiti\s p]sonage1 :o came to ,cordova z a poor /ud5t4 ,dur+ ! days ( 8 pov]ty he made a scanty livelihood by writ+ lett]s1 & became ! protg ( ,aurora1 "m ( ,hi%am ,,ii4 ,aft] atta9+ ?is po/1 he appe>s to h made quick advance t[>ds pref]m5t1 = he 0 soon appo9t$ kadi ( a t[n1 & obta9$ a position z a civil s]vant 9 ! city ( ,seville4 ,return+ to ,cordova1 he paid homage to 8 patroness ,aurora1 & gave h] co/ly gifts4 ,8 next appo9tm5t 0 z ma/] ( ! m9t1 & we le>n t he built himself a mansion ( silv]4 ,almanzor's c>e] 0 a fight = p[]4 ,he won g5]al e/eem by 8 pr[ess z a soldi]1 & 9 ! w>s ) ! ,*ri/ians he triumph$ 9 fifty-six battles4 ,ev5 :5 /rick5 by illness1 ,almanzor w5t to ! field 9 a litt]1 & direct$ ! movem5ts ( 8 =ce 9 _! attacks on ! infidels4 ,always s*em+ = au?ority1 he contriv$ to usurp rule 9 ,&alusia4 ,! atta9m5t ( 8 desire did n yield him complete felicity1 = he once wept at ! ?\ght t w> w\ld "o day de/roy 8 sway & level 8 magnific5t palace4 ,"u ,almanzor ,cordova grew 9 might & 0 /ill reg>d$ z ! wond] ( ! ,moslem _w4 ,! ,vizi] 0 a man ( culture1 a clev] diplomati/1 & a valor\s soldi]4 ,conde says t 9 battle #8he resembl$ a rag+ pan!r1 leap+ on ! prey & ?ir/+ = blood4' ,9 times ( peace he held poetical t\rnam5ts1 rew>d+ ! victori\s poets ) heavy prizes ( money = _! v]ses4 ,almanzor 0 ! f\nd] ( ,ez-,zahirah1 a t[n :i* grew up 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ez-,zahra4 ,x conta9$ a respl5d5t palace1 :i* 0 two ye>s 9 ! build+4 ,"h ! mon>* ma9ta9$ a c\rt1 & receiv$ =eign pot5tates1 ) mu* c]emony & p>ade ( weal?4 ,cordova saw ! fir/ signs ( imp5d+ decad5ce :5 ,almanzor di$1 & 8 son ,muzaff> came 9 to rule4 ,"u ,almanzor ! glory ( ! city rea*$ its culm9ation4 #8,d n make w> on ^! p1 = by ! ,"l we h se5 ! e>? yield+ !m its hidd5 treasures1' 0 ! c\nsel ( ! ,sclavonian ambassadors1 aft] !y _h soj\rn$ 9 ,cordova1 & se5 ! wond]s & ri*es ( ,ez-,zahra & ,ez-,zahirah display$ be=e _! dazzl$ eyes4 ,va/ 7 ! res\rces & ! armam5ts ( ^! ?ree m>vell\s cities1 & fam\s = val\r 7 _! sons4 ,almanzor =g$ ?\s&s ( blades & spe>s1 & ! yield ( 8 %ield manufactory 0 twelve ?\s& 9 "o ye>4 ,& yet p[]1 pomp1 le>n+ & ! arts--all decay$ ) ! wan+ ( ! great ,omeyyad dyna/y4 ,! ripe fruit ( ?is f9e civilisation seems to h rott$ rapidly4 ,su* social sci5ce z ! ,moors possess$ c\ld n save x f de/ruction2 ! arts ( w>1 9 :i* ! mak]s ( ,kordhobah 7 s excell5t1 fail$ aga9/ ! inexorable m>* ( decad5ce4 ,boa/ful imp]ialism & luxury ate out ! he>t ( ! city1 till x c\ld n )/& ! savage ,b]b] mob4 ,complete disord] prevail$1 palaces 7 wreck$1 mosques 7 pillag$1 treasure loot$1 g>d5s laid wa/e1 & ! l>ge/ libr>y 9 ! _w 0 ransack$ & plund]$4 ,we c sc>cely =m a conception ( all ! beaute\s edifices1 ! noble works ( arti/ & craftsman1 t p]i%$ 9 ?is la/ upheaval4 ,almanzor's palace 0 ru?lessly burn$ to ! gr\nd4 ,! city claim$ to be an indep5d5t republic4 ,robb]s sw>m$ 9 ! holy fanes1 & murd]]s ru%$ r$-h&$ ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #ajaj ! ,b]b]s attack$ ,ez-,zahra1 & kill$ its def5d]s ) savage f]ocity4 ,ev5 )9 ! mosque ! fugitive citiz5s 7 n safe f ! swords ( ! invad+ b>b>ians4 ,l$ by ,ibn ,hi%aim ,ibn ,abd-l-,jabb>1 ! rebels swoop$ ^u ,cordova4 ,! glori\s art treasures ( ,ez-,zahirah 7 seiz$ by ! troops1 & ! mansions 7 de/roy$ by fire4 ,baghdad & o!r t[ns ( ! ea/ became ! /oreh\ses ( ! jewels1 plate1 books1 & pictures :i* 7 /ol5 f ,cordova2 & ! uncultur$ horde came into possession "u ! lead]%ip ( ,suleyman4 ,only ve/iges ( ,cordova's pri/9e gr&eur surviv$ ?is p]iod ( fr5zi$ rap9e4 ,lam5table 0 ! fall ( ?is c5tre ( wisdom1 virtue1 ref9em5t1 & ! arts4 ,no?+ c\ld re/ore its maje/y & pre-em95ce4 ,misrul$ by discordant factions1 ,cordova l+]$ moribund1 a sad spectacle ( %att]$ might4 ,x has nev] rega9$ a ti! ( its =m] supremacy4 ,! dr[sy city lives on its memories ( greatness4 ,9 #abce ,f]d9& ,,iii4--! d\ghty ,*ri/ian w>rior ,san ,f]n&o--took ! city at ! po9t ( ! sword1 & reclaim$ x f ! ali5 h]etic4 ,spa9 rejoic$ at ?is capture ( ! capital ( ,moori% p[]4 ,x 0 a triumph = ! soldi]s ( ! ,cross4 ,mo/ ( ! vanqui%$ ,cordovans took refuge 9 ,granada2 ! #8reconcil$' sull5ly accept$ ! conditions impos$ ^u !m1 & rema9$ 9 ! city4 ,su* 0 ! d[nfall ( ! ,khalifs4 ,! ,*ri/ians e/abli%$ rule 9 ! despoil$ capital2 ! mosque 0 purifi$ f its ta9t ( ! ,moslem1 & d$icat$ to ! wor%ip ( ,god & ! ,virg91 & "o by "o ! hundr$s ( ba?s fell into disuse1 = cleanl9ess 0 n a canon ( ! victori\s fai?4 ,! com+ ( ,san ,f]n&o only ha/5$ ! process ( disruption 9 ,cordova4 ,w> 0 ! *ief bus9ess ( ! ,spani>d at ?is age1 & h&icraft 0 despis$ z some?+ unwor?y ( a true ,ca/ilian caball]o4 ,all ! possibilities ( recon/ruction & re/oration 7 neglect$ by ! ,*ri/ians1 :o 7 m conc]n$ ) expell+ ! ,moors & %att]+ e relic ( _! rule1 ?an 9 mak+ reasonable use ( ! res\rces & ! crafts :i* !y _h develop$ & br\ght to p]fection4 ,! remnant ( ! ,moors /ill rema9$ ! design]s1 craft-work]s1 & agriculturi/s1 b _! arts & _! husb&ry /eadily decl9$4 ,no great & beautiful build+s 7 re>$ on ! a%es ( ,cordova1 except+ ! ,*ri/ian additions to ! ,mezquita1 :i* 0 consecrat$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,vrg5 de la ,asuncon4 ,! milit>i/ ,spani>ds _h no "t to devote to trade1 ! cultivation ( ! vegas1 & ! ext5sion ( le>n+4 ,build+s :i* _h be5 ! joy ( ! ,moors 7 p]mitt$ to crumble1 or 7 pull$ d[n to supply mat]ial = ! erection ( squalid dwell+s4 ,grim ru9 desc5d$ ^u fair ,cordova2 melan*oly decay succe$$ its long era ( gr[? & prosp]ity4 ,! admirable irrigation sy/em1 :i* _h made ! mead[s lu% & ! l& fecund1 0 left unus$1 & ! v9ey>ds & plots 7 neglect$4 ,bri>s & we$s ga9$ supremacy 9 ! f]tile valley2 ! e>? became impov]i%$ & b>r54 ,! beautiful horses ( ,arab bre$1 :i* 7 re>$ by ! ,moors1 det]iorat$ 9 /am9a & grace1 & deg5]ate cattle roam$ ! pla9s by ! ,guadalquivir4 ,=e/s plant$ by ! mak]s ( ,cordova 7 fell$2 ! c\ntry 0 r5d]$ b>e ( foliage & %ade4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! population ( ! city _h be5 r$uc$ to ab\t sev5ty ?\s& inhabitants1 & ! numb] ( its resid5ts /eadily dw9dl$ aft] ! expulsion ( ! ,moors4 ,!re are n[ ab\t fifty ?\s& p 9 ,cordova4 ,9 ! t5? c5tury ?ree hundr$ ?\s& p]sons dwelt 9 ! city & its surr\nd+s4 ,! ,mezquita1 ! bridge1 ! mosque ( ,almanzor & ! ru9s ( ! ,alcaz> /& z eloqu5t examples ( ! ,cordova ( ,almanzor3 n a /one survives ( ! luxuri\s palaces1 ^: names sugge/ ,ori5tal spl5d\r & ! joy ( life4 ,we c b imag9e ! *>m ( ! ,palace ( ,cont5tm5t & ! ,palace ( ! ,diadem1 & ! lovel9ess ( ! sc5t$ g>d5s t delight$ sultans & sultanas1 & ! sages & ! poets ( ! f>-fam$ #8,bride ( ,&alusia4' ,hu%$ is ! voice ( ! muezz93 no long] c m5 sit entranc$ at ! /ra9s ( ! musicians1 or li/5 to ! recitals ( ! doctors & ! poets4 ,b ! same notes ( ! night+ale drift on ! p]fum$ breeze ( ev5+1 & ! hawks /ill sail & so> above ! m9>et4 ,& 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,oranges1 girls ( erect & ,moori% mi5 be> ,ori5tal pit*]s on _! heads1 z !y resort to ! f\nta9 = wat]2 :ile ?r\gh ! op5 door ( ! ,mezquita "o may sc5t ! inc5se1 & see ! tangl$ vi/a ( ,arabic ar*es2 or1 /&+ ^u ! _m-ar*$ bridge1 wat* ! selfsame umb] riv] :i* legions ^u legions ( dusky w>riors cross$ to victory4 ,?us ,cordova1 ?\gh 9 a s5se dead1 /ill lives & speaks4 ,its /ones are vividly rem9isc5t ( ! days ( ! ,moors2 ! atmosph]e is my/]i\sly impressive1 & ! features ( its natives h /ill ! ,arab ca/1 :ile 9 _! cu/oms & _! spee* traces ( ! ,moor survive4 ,) ! triumph ( ,san ,f]n&o came ! /eady dis9tegration ( ! high civilisation ( ,cordova1 & its hi/ory f ! day ( victory onw>ds is "o bo? m\rnful & in/ructive4 ,! expulsion ( ! ,arab artisans 0 an error ( policy :i* ! m intellig5t ,cordovese quickly recognis$1 = soon aft] ! re/oration ( ! city into ! h&s ( ! ,spani% sov]eigns1 _m ( ! inhabitants propos$ to reque/ ! k+ to p]mit six p] c5t4 ( ! ,moors to rema9 9 ,cordova4 ,?is petition 01 h[ev]1 lightly reg>d$ by ! ,gov]nor1 & x does n appe> to h come "u ! att5tion ( ,f]d9&4 ,lat] on1 ! citiz5s1 f9d+ t trade 0 rapidly decl9+1 begg$ t a few ag$ ,moors might be all[$ to /ay 9 ! city1 & to ply _! trade ( h>ness-mak]s4 ,! neglect ( ! /aple indu/ries ( ,cordova aft] ! ,*ri/ian recon/ruction is an object-lesson ^u ! p>alysis ( ! arts & crafts :i* *>act]ises ! ,ca/ilian influ5ce dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,x seems almo/ incr$ible t ! ,spani>ds _h =gott5 ! art ( h>ness-mak+1 or t ! natives ( ,cordova refus$ to soil _! f+]s 9 any sort ( lab\r4 ,b :at o!r inf]5ces c be drawn f ! propos$ petitions t a small numb] ( ! ,moriscos might be reta9$ z me*anics8 ,x appe>s evid5t t ! only occupations deem$ fitt+ = an ,&alusian ( t day 7 ecclesia/ic or milit>y4 ,!re 0 only ! *oice betwe5 ! *ur* & ! army4 ,an obs]vant travell]1 ! ,*evali] de ,b\rgoanne1 :o made a t\r ( ,spa9 9 #agig1 writes ( ! melan*oly decay ( ,cordova4 #8,9 s f9e a climate1' says ! ,*evali]1 #89 mid/ ( s _m s\rces ( prosp]ity1 x 7,cordova7 conta9s no m ?an #ce1jjj inhabitants4 ,=m]ly celebrat$ = its manufactories ( silks1 f9e clo?s1 etc41 x has n[ no o!r indu/ri\s occupations b a few manufactories ( ribbons1 galoons1 hats & baize4' ,,iv ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,:5 ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 seiz$ ^u ! citadel ( ! ,go?ic ,*ri/ian k+s1 he f\nd ! ,cordovese split up into v>i\s sects1 su* z ! ,gno/ics1 ,priscilliani/s1 ,donati/s1 & ,lucif]ians4 ,^! cults 71 h[ev]1 unit$ 9 _! dete/ation ( ! new cre$ ( ! ,ea/1 :i* ! victors s\ght to impose ^u !m4 ,x is q cle> f ! records ( ! m imp>tial ,spani% hi/orians1 t ! ,sultan 0 a man ( tol]ant m\ld & a respect] ( ju/ice4 ,8 ambition 0 to erect a temple1 :i* w\ld rival 9 magnific5ce ^? ( ,baghdad1 ,j]usalem1 & ,damascus1 & approa* 9 sanctity to ! fane ( ,mecca itself4 ,! ,*ri/ian *ur* 9 ,cordova /ood ^u ! site ( ! =m] ,roman religi\s edifice d$icat$ to ,janus1 & ^u ?is situation ,abd-er-,rahman desir$ to re> 8 great mosque4 ,autocrat ?\gh he 01 ! mon>* /rove to ma9ta9 ! conditions ^u :i* ! inhabitants _h surr5d]$4 ,he might h brok5 fai?1 & annex$ ! ,*ri/ian build+ & ! gr\nd ^u :i* x /ood4 ,b he hon\rably (f]$ to buy ! *ur* & ! plot f ! conqu]$ p4 ,! negotiations ( pur*ase 7 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,sultan's fav\rite secret>y1 ,umeya ,ibn ,yezid4 ,at fir/ ! ,*ri/ians refus$ to sell _! *]i%$ basilica1 :i* _h be5 divid$ into a temple ( ! fai? ( ,*ri/ & a fane = ! wor%ip ( ,allah4 ,"h1 9 sep>ate portions ( ! build+1 ! conqu]ors & ! conqu]$ murmur$ _! pray]s & repeat$ _! praises to _! deities4 ,h[ ! ,cordovese 7 induc$ to rel9qui% ! *ur* _c be expla9$ by any hi/orical evid5ce t we are able to obta9 f ! writ+s ( ,arabians & ,spani>ds4 ,"s au?ors h sugge/$ t ! ,*ri/ians ( ,cordova 7 di%e>t5$ by adv]sity & ! assaults ( ,islam ^u _! cre$1 & t !y yield$ to ! suasion & c\nsels ( ,umeya ,ibn ,yezid1 & sold _! tab]nacle to ! invad]s4 ,at any rate x is manife/ t ,abd-er-,rahman won 9 ! end1 & t he 0 able to =w>d 8 project )\t %[+ viol5ce to ! natives ( ,cordova4 ,no d\bt ! ,*ri/ians pref]r$ to wor%ip 9 _! own build+s r ?an to %>e ! basilica ) ! infidels1 & ?is pref]5ce may h influ5c$ _! spiritual lead]s 9 meet+ ! reque/ ( ! sultan & 8 ag5t4 ,"u ! t]ms ( transf]5ce1 ! ,cordovese 7 p]mitt$ to recon/ruct ! edifice =m]ly d$icat$ to ,/4 ,fau/us1 ,/4 ,janu>ius1 & ,/4 ,m>cellus1 ?ree m>tyrs :om !y deeply rev]$4 ,imm$iately ^u ! conveyance ( ! *ur* & its site to ,abd-er-,rahman1 ! "w ( erect+ ! gorge\s mosque 0 begun ) mu* en?usiasm & at ! exp5diture ( huge sums ( money4 ,! ,khalif 0 ri*4 ,besides ! treasure wre/$ f ! ,go?s dur+ ! w>s1 he extract$ a ti! ^u ! produce ( ! l& & on manufactures4 ,a tax 0 also laid ^u e ,*ri/ian & ,jew 9 ,&alusia4 ,beyond ?is1 ! ,moori% k+s 7 greatly enri*$ by ! acquisition ( ! valuable m9es ( ,spa91 ! qu>ries ( m>ble1 & o!r s\rces ( weal?4 ,f ^! rev5ues ,abd-er-,rahman & 8 successors1 ,hi%am1 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,ii41 ! greate/ ( ! dyna/y & ! ?ird ( ! l9e--& la/ly1 ! extravagant ,al-manzor--lavi%$ heavy sums ^u ! design+1 con/ruction1 & co/ly adornm5t ( ! ,mosque4 ,! p[] ( ! fir/ ,khalif ( ,cordova 0 supreme & undisput$4 ,he 0 ! sole spiritual & temporal head ( ! p1 #8! ,comm&] ( ! ,fai?ful4' ,subs]vi5t to him 7 ! walis :o rul$ 9 ! prov9ces4 ,abd-er-,rahman's despotism made ^u ! :ole = *>ity1 tol]ance1 & ju/ice4 ,! acc\nts ( 8 p]secutions h be5 col\r$ by pi\s hi/orians1 & be> ! /amp ( a natural ho/ility to ! conqu]or & 8 religion4 ,"o or two ( ! m accurate ,spani% writ]s ass]t t1 at ! mo/1 only =ty p]sons 7 m>tyr$ 9 ,cordova "u ! ,omeyyad sway2 &1 accord+ to ,morales1 ^! victims s\ght p]secution4 ,to c\rt suff]+s at ! h&s ( ! ,moors 0 deem$ a noble virtue 9 ! brea/ ( ! dev\t ,*ri/ians4 ,we may recall ! /ory ( ,santa ,t]esa ( ,avila1 :o1 z a *ild1 w&]$ f ! city ) h] little bro!r to seek p]secution 9 ! c\ntry ( ! infidels4 ,:atev] may be *>g$ aga9/ ! ,khalifs ( ! family ( ,omeyya1 x _c be ass]t$ t _! policy aft] ! conque/ 0 "o ( tyrann\s subjugation4 ,!y und\bt$ly levi$ taxes & impo/s ^u ! ,go?s1 & confiscat$ _! l&s1 aft] a campaign ( de/ruction & aggression2 b z victors !y display$ magnanimity1 & s\ght to heal ! w\nd$ _s ( ! vanqui%$4 ,! attitude ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 t[>ds ! ,*ri/ian population ( ,cordova 01 !re=e1 clem5t & conciliatory4 ,"u 8 sov]eignty !re dawn$ an age ( prosp]ity & advancem5t4 ,! "w ( build+ ! respl5d5t ,mezquita employ$ ?\s&s ( artisans & lab\r]s4 ,?is va/ und]tak+ l$ to ! developm5t ( all ! res\rces ( ! di/rict4 ,durable /one & beautifully ve9$ m>bles 7 qu>ri$ f ! ,si]ra ,mor5a & ! surr\nd+ regions ( ! city4 ,metals ( v>i\s k9ds 7 dug f ! soil1 & factories sprang up 9 ,cordova amid ! /ir & bu/le ( an awak5$ indu/rial en]gy4 ,a fam\s ,syrian ar*itect made ! plans = ! ,mosque4 ,leav+ 8 suburban dwell+1 ! ,khalif came to reside 9 ! city1 s t he might p]sonally sup]9t5d ! op]ations1 & (f] proposals = ! improvem5t ( ! designs4 ,we are told t ,abd-er-,rahman mov$ ab\t among ! work]s1 direct+ !m dur+ sev]al h\rs ( e day4 ,! mon>* 0 gr[+ old4 ,x 0 ! long+ ( 8 he>t to witness ! f9al a*ievem5t ( 8 great s*eme be=e dea? ov]took him4 ,9 plann+ ! ,mosque ! ar*itects incorporat$ a numb] ( ,roman columns ) *oice capitals4 ,"s ( ! columns 7 already 9 ! ,go?ic /ructure2 o!rs 7 s5t f v>i\s qu>t]s ( ,spa9 z pres5ts f ! gov]nors ( prov9ces4 ,ivory1 jasp]1 porphyry1 gold1 silv]1 copp]1 & brass 7 us$ 9 ! decorations4 ,m>vell\s mosaics & azulejos 7 design$4 ,panels ( sc5t$ woods 7 fa/5$ ) nails ( pure gold1 & ! r$ m>ble columns 7 said to be ! "w ( ,god4 ,! primitive "p ( ! build+1 re>$ "u ! direction ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,i41 0 t bord]+ ! ,c\rt ( ,oranges4 ,lat]1 ! imm5se temple embodi$ all ! /yles ( ,morisco ar*itecture 9 "o noble composition4 ,! fir/ ,khalif ( ,cordova did n survive to witness ! completion ( ! ,mosque4 ,he di$ 9 ! ,alcaz> long be=e ! "w 0 f9i%$1 & committ$ ! task to 8 son ,hi%am4 ,! pr9ce c>ri$ on ! "w ) zeal\s devotion4 ,^u 8 fa!r's dea? 9 #ghh1 ! build+ cov]$ only a small "p ( ! gr\nd n[ occupi$ by ! ,mosque & its lat] additions4 ,hi%am ,i4 built ! t[] = ! muezz91 & ! frett$ gall]y = ! wom5 wor%ipp]s1 & add$ mu* to ! ,zeca1 or ,h\se ( ,purification1 erect$ by ,abd-er-,rahman4 ,! ,c\rt ( ,ablutions 0 laid out by ! fir/ ,khalif1 & occupi$ ! gr\nd ( ! pres5t ,c\rt ( ,oranges4 ,9 con/ruct+ ! ,mosque1 ! f\nd]s adapt$ ! basilica =m ( build+ to ! new wor%ip4 ,dur+ ! ,omeyyad dyna/y ! orig9al build+ 0 con/antly enl>g$ & improv$1 & fre% decorations 7 add$ up to ! "t ( ,almanzor4 ,ea* ,khalif vi$ ) 8 pr$ecessor 9 beautify+ ! temple4 ,! pri/9e build+ 0 f9i%$ t5 ye>s aft] ! plann+ "u ,abd-er-,rahman ,i41 t is1 dur+ ! reign ( ,hi%am ,i41 :o conduct$ ! lab\r ) ! utmo/ exp$ition4 ,m>bles ( spotless :ite 7 *os5 = ! innum]able columns4 ,arrazi1 an ,arab writ]1 speaks ( ! valuable w9e-col\r$ m>ble1 obta9$ f ! m\nta9s ( ! di/rict1 :i* 0 mu* us$ 9 embelli%+ ! naves ( ! ,mosques ( ,cordova & ,ez-,zahra4 ,! solemnity & beauty ( ! c]emonies 9 ! ,h\se ( ,purification c only be imag9$4 ,e day saw ! celebration ( ! tazame91 or purification ( ! dev\t1 be=e ent]+ ! holy /ructure1 & six times daily ! alicama1 or call to pray]1 0 %\t$ by ! muezz9 f ! summit ( ! m9>et4 ,no %oes 7 p]mitt$ to defile ! sanctu>y2 ! wor%ipp]s ent]$ b>efoot$4 ,f its sacr$ %ad[ all ,jews 7 exclud$1 & re/rictions gu>d$ ! approa* ( wom51 except ! privileg$ royal brides4 ,! int]ior glitt]$ ) gold1 silv]1 preci\s /ones1 mosaics1 & hundr$s ( lamps ( brass4 ,by ! side ( ! prie/ /ood a mighty wax c&le1 & ! sc5t ( ! burn+ aloes1 amb]gris1 & p]fum$ oils 9 ! lant]ns drift$ ?r\gh ! tangl$ ar*es ( ! long naves4 ,"s ( ! brass lamps 7 made out ( bells tak5 f ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,! pulpit 0 sev5 ye>s 9 ! mak+4 ,x 0 ( ivory1 ebony1 s&al1 aloe1 & citron wood1 ) nails ( gold & silv]4 ,eight arti/s lavi%$ _! skill ^u ! design+ & adorn+ ( ?is pulpit4 ,9 ! wondr\s mih-rab ! walls 7 ( pure gold4 ,a copy ( ! ,koran 9 a gold case1 set ) pe>ls & rubies1 0 kept 9 ! pulpit4 ,x 0 tak5 away by ,abu-,mohamm$ on "o ( 8 campaigns1 & 0 f9ally lo/ to ! fai?ful4 ,! build+ ( ! ,mosque began 9 #ghe or #ghf1 & ?r\gh\t ! rule ( ! ,omeyyad mon>*s !re 7 con/ant additions to ! ,zeca ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 ,z ,cordova grew1 & /rang]s flock$ to ! city f ,nor? ,africa & ,arabia1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to provide a l>g] edifice = ! wor%ipp]s4 ,9 ! "t ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,,ii41 ! ,h\se ( ,purification 0 enl>g$ by ! addition ( sev]al aisles1 two por*es 7 add$1 & a new mih-rab 0 con/ruct$4 ,! columns 7 gild$ at ?is p]iod at ! direction ( ! ,sultan4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,mohamm$ ,i4 ! "w 0 cont9u$2 ! walls & portals 7 improv$1 & ! maksurrah1 or rail$ sanctum = ! ,khalif1 0 also built4 ,! rul] att5d$ ! s]vices 9 great pomp on ,fridays1 approa*+ ! ,mosque by an und]gr\nd passage f 8 palace4 ,hi%am's temple cov]$ an area ( #dfj feet f nor? to s\?1 & #bhj feet f ea/ to we/4 ,x 0 flank$ by /\t1 =tifi$ walls1 ) wat*-t[]s & a tall m9>et4 ,! numb] ( ! out] gates 0 n9e1 & ( ! inn] doors elev54 ,^! doors l$ to ! same numb] ( naves )9 ! ,mosque4 ,! c\rt _h spaci\s gates on ! nor?1 we/1 & ea/ sides1 & f\nta9s = ! purification ( ! pi\s4 ,! naves 7 elev5 9 numb]1 /ret*+ f nor? to s\?1 & ^! 7 cross$ by tw5ty-"o small] naves runn+ f ea/ to we/4 ,9 ! ,mezquita ( ,cordova we see ! fir/ examples ( ! true ,arabian ar*itecture1 ^: purity 0 lo/ at a lat] date 9 ! /yle ( ! ,almohades4 ,! ,e/ilo ,s>rac5o1 or e>li] /yle ( design & decoration1 has an example 9 ! beautiful ,pu]ta del ,p]don ( ! ,mosque ( ,cordova4 ,we le>n t by ! ye> #abhb ! fa%ion 9 =m & adornm5t _h s greatly *ang$1 t ! ,moors :o !n rema9$ 9 ! city appe>$ unable to foll[ ! tradition ( _! craft 9 decorat+ ! int]ior ( ! ca!dral4 ,ev5 9 ! reign ( ,almanzor1 ! specific /yle ( ! ,arabs 0 giv+ place to less beautiful conceptions ( l9e & decoration4 ,nev]!less1 x is g5]ally admitt$ t ! ,mosque is ! f9e/ example 9 ,europe ( ! ,moori% religi\s edifice4 ,x ma9ta9s uni=mity 9 ! plan ( its con/ruction1 :ile ! dim5sions are enorm\s1 & ! adornm5t elegant & *>act]i/ic ( ! art ( ,islam 9 ! fl[] ( its might & magnific5ce4 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii4 assum$ 8 title ( ,khalif ) ! /yle ( ,en-,nsir li-dni-llh1 #8! ,def5d] ( ! ,fai? ( ,god1' add$ to ! ,mosque a new t[]1 & r5ovat$ ! anci5t faade4 ,! m9>et conta9$ two /aircases1 :i* 7 built = ! sep>ate asc5t & desc5t ( ! t[]4 ,on ! summit !re 7 ?ree apples1 two ( gold & "o ( silv]1 ) lilies ( six petals4 ,! m9>et is f\r-fac$1 ) f\rte5 w9d[s1 hav+ ar*es ^u jasp] columns1 & ! /ructure is adorn$ ) spl5did trac]y4 ,long be=e ! f9al /ages 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,omeyyad build]s1 ! ,moslem temple ( ,cordova 0 deem$ "o ( ! greate/ m>vels ( ar*itecture 9 ! _w4 ,! *ronicl]s & poets ( ! p]iod unite 9 applaud+ ! zeal ( ! sov]eigns :o exp5d$ su* va/ treasure 9 fur!r+ ! glory ( ,allah by ! erection ( ?is sumptu\s & dazzl+ tab]nacle4 ,ablmo?anne1 ! poet1 wrote ( ! ,mosque3 #8,to x ! pilgrims resort f all p>ts ( ! _w1 z if x 7 ! sacr$ temple ( ,mekka4 ,inde$1 its mih-rab1 :5 exam9$1 w be f\nd to conta9 rokn 7angles7 z well z makrn 7/&+-place74' ,& ano!r s+] proclaim$ t ! ,mosque1 :i* 0 consecrat$ to ,god1 0 #8)\t equal 9 ! _w4' ,hakem ,,ii41 ,al-,mo/ansir-billh1 greatly increas$ ! size ( ! build+4 ,?is j & cultur$ rul] caus$ ! con/ruction ( ! ?ird mih-rab1 :i* 0 ov] f\r ye>s 9 ! mak+ & rivall$ all ! previ\s "w 9 ?is gorge\s "p ( ! ,mosque4 ,! new sanctu>y 0 cr[n$ ) a spl5did cupola1 & ! m>vell\s mosaics ( foseyfasa 7 introduc$4 ,hakem also design$ a fre% maksurrah = ! ,sultan1 a space enclos$ by an ornate wood5 f5ce or scre51 :i* 0 beautifully dom$ 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle4 ,hakem ,,ii4 0 n only occupi$ 9 ext5d+ & adorn+ ! int]ior ( ! ,mezquita4 ,dur+ 8 busy reign 9 ,cordova1 ! imm5se libr>y 0 enl>g$ by contributions ( manuscripts ^u all subjects1 ga!r$ f e "p ( ! civilis$ nations4 ,b ! libr>y1 ) its unique treasures ( ,ori5tal lore1 & its works ( sci5ce 9 _m languages1 0 lo/ to ! _w ^u ! wreck+ & d[nfall ( ! city4 ,! fruit ( ,hakem's devotion rema9s1 h[ev]1 9 ! mo/ gorge\s & lovely embelli%m5ts ( ! ,mosque4 ,?is ,khalif also built an alms-h\se adjo9+ ! temple1 & qu>t]s = ! resid5ce ( ! prea*]s & (ficials ( ! h\se ( wor%ip4 ,! /yle introduc$ by ,hakem ,,ii4 is se5 9 ! ,pu]ta ,murada1 9 ! holy mih-rab1 & ! "p once occupi$ by ! maksurrah4 ,?is sov]eign delight$ 9 ri* col\r+1 9 spl5d\r & d>+ 9 ! con/ruction ( delicate columns to heavy ar*es1 & 9 ! ext5sion ( ! fanta/ic ar*$ naves4 ,he almo/ d\bl$ ! size ( ! ,mezquita by ! ext5sions on ! s\? side4 ,"u ,almanzor !re 0 no slack5+ 9 ! en?usiasm :i* ! ,omeyyad family exhibit$ 9 improv+ ,cordova & ext5d+ & beautify+ its fam\s ,h\se ( ,purification4 ,! "p add$ to ! ,mosque by ,almanzor is t beh9d ! alt>1 to ! left1 :5 ent]+ by ! ,door ( ,p>don4 ,! enl>gem5t dur+ ?is ,khalif's rule 0 t[>ds ! ea/4 ,new r[s ( columns1 numb]+ eight1 7 add$1 giv+ a fre% s5se ( va/ness to ! aisles & vi/as ( int]lac$ ar*es4 ,! great ,mosque 0 complet$ 9 ! "t ( ,almanzor1 & its completion 0 ! presage ( ! decl9e ( ,arab p[] 9 ,spa94 ,9 ext5t ! build+ n[ measures #cid feet by #cfj feet4 ,almanzor put ! f9i%+ t\*es to ! "w :i* ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 began4 ,= g5]ations ar*itects1 design]s1 arti/s1 masons1 & metal-work]s _h lov+ly toil$ to produce a triumph ( art4 ,! ,mosque 0 f9i%$4 ,almanzor s\ght to improve ^u ! designs & bewild]+ brilliance display$ 9 ! lab\r ( prec$+ reigns2 b x is d\btful :e!r 8 endeav\rs height5$ ! spl5d\r ( ! /ructure1 or gave fre% lu/re to ! build+ t /ood 9 ! days ( ,hakem ,,ii4 ,x is agre$ among ! au?orities ^u ,moori% art t ,almanzor's contributions to ! edifice %[ evid5ce ( a decl9e 9 ta/e1 & a wan+ ( ! /hetic s5se ( ! ,arab-,byzant9e s*ools ( design]s & craftsm54 ,:5 ,almanzor di$1 ! ,mosque 0 #gdb feet 9 l5g? f nor? to s\?1 & #dgb feet 9 wid? f ea/ to we/4 ,x 0 encompass$ by battlem5t$ walls1 ) t[]s ( irregul> height4 ,! s\? wall 0 ! highe/1 & x _h n9ete5 t[]s4 ,! total numb] ( ! wat*-t[]s 0 =ty-eight1 & ! majority ( ^! h surviv$4 ,9 ! /ressful days :5 ! ,moori% colonis]s s\ght to possess ! :ole ( ! ,ib]ian ,p59sula1 ,cordova 0 /\tly =tifi$1 & ! ,mosque 0 protect$ by ?is unscalable wall4 ,?is b>ri] ( /one is ov] six feet ?ick1 & design$ to )/& ! mo/ viol5t batt]+4 ,! def5ces ( ! sanctu>y are v picturesque2 !re is a subject = ! pa9t] at e t[] & corn]2 b !y are p]haps a little less wond]ful ?an ! grim walls ( ,avila1 or ! sombre p>apets ( br[n ,tol$o4 ,!y are made ( durable /one1 :i* is m>vell\sly pres]v$4 ,_m times h ^! battlem5ts %udd]$ at ! %\ts ( ! fi]ce besieg]s & ! det]m9$ def5d]s2 (t5 h _! /ones be5 /a9$ ) ! blood ( ,go? & ,moor4 ,to-day1 9 ! %ad[ ( ! walls1 we /roll & look ^u ! calm vi/as1 ! pla91 & ! cold grey slopes ( ! si]ras1 & see ! begg>s %r9k+ f ! bl9d+ gl>e ( ! sun1 prone ^u ! gr\nd 9 _! tatt]s1 9 ! cool %elt] :i* ! tall t[]s yield4 ,! ,mosque dreams1 z all ?+s dream 9 anci5t ,spa94 ,its solid out] walls h defi$ ! ravage ( /orms & w>s4 ,!y rema9 weird monum5ts ( ,ori5tal /r5g?1 placid & some:at m\rnful 9 _! magnific5t suffici5cy4 ,v ,,9 ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,oranges ,! ,c\rt ( ,oranges is %ad$ on "o side by ! olde/ p>ts ( ! ,mosque4 ,x is mu* l>g] ?an ! ,orange ,c\rt1 or ,patio de los ,n>anjos1 ( ! ca!dral ( ,seville4 ,"h 0 once ! ,c\rt ( ,ablutions1 ! place :]e ! fai?ful purifi$ !mselves be=e v5tur+ )9 ! ,mezquita4 ,! f\nta9s1 five 9 numb]1 rema9 to rem9d u ( ! orig9al "* ( ! c\rty>d4 ,wom5 come "h to fet* wat] f ! cle> spr+s4 ,!y c>ry tall j>s ^u _! hips1 or ^u _! heads1 & loit] by ! f\nta9 to gossip4 ,?is quiet c\rt invites ! ag$ & ! idl]4 ,x is cool & gratefully %ad$1 & :5 ! orange-trees are 9 bloom a fragrance p]vades ! place4 ,! prie/s :o (ficiate 9 ! ca!dral sp5d ! h\rs ( leisure "h1 pac+ 9 pairs up & d[n1 z !y smoke _! cig>ettes4 ,n[ & aga91 "o notes ! lov] wait+ = 8 fair "o amid ! f\nta9s & ! palms4 ,once !re 7 n9ete5 beautiful gateways lead+ into ! ,c\rt ( ! ,oranges1 & ^! 7 uni=m ) ! n9ete5 aisles4 ,we ent] by ! ,pu]ta de los ,palmas1 fac+ ! ,pu]ta del ,p]don4 ,! sumptu\s ,gate ( ,p>don at once attracts u4 ,x is ov] tw5ty feet high1 ) ! *>act]i/ic horse%oe ar*es & ! elaborate ,ori5tal ornam5tation4 ,b ?is is n ! anci5t gate2 x dates f ! ,*ri/ian recapture ( ,cordova1 & is con/ruct$ 9 imitation ( ! ,arabian "w4 ,x is surm\nt$ by a belfry4 ,! upp] "p ( ! horse%oe ar*es is exce$+ly ornate1 & on ei!r side are coats ( arms4 ,! /ructure is 9 ! ,e/ilo ,s>rac5o4 ,!re are massive doors1 coat$ ) copp]1 ^u :i* are inscriptions4 ,above ! door are poorly pa9t$ frescoes4 ,! ,bell ,t[] erect$ 9 place ( ! old m9>et ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii4 is n ,moori%4 ,x 0 design$ by ,h]nan ,ruiz1 "o ( ! ,*ri/ian ar*itects :o plann$ ! ca!dral4 ,?is t[] is int]e/+ z a lat] monum5t1 b x is n 9 h>mony ) ! ,mosque4 ,x rises high] ?an ! =m] m9>et1 is m pret5ti\s1 & is out ( "* ) ! surr\nd+s4 ,on ! top is a figure ( ,san ,rafael4 ,! ,c\rt ( ,oranges is ov] f\r hundr$ feet long & m ?an two hundr$ feet 9 bread?4 ,!re 0 a de/ruction ( _m ( ! trees dur+ a viol5t /orm ab\t sev5ty ye>s ago1 & "s ( ! orange-trees 7 n replac$4 ,! c\rty>d has quiet cloi/]s on ?ree sides1 ) pill>s & ar*es 9 ! ,go?ic /yle4 ,"o side ( ! ,patio de los ,n>anjos is occupi$ by ! ,mosque1 & x is "h we see ! f9e/ ext]ior "w ( ! "t ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4 & ,hi%am4 ,! portions add$ by ,almanzor are beh9d ! alt> to ! left1 :5 ent]+ by ! ,gate ( ,p>don4 ,9 ! ma9 ! impression t "o ga9s 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,oranges is di/9ctly ,moori%4 ,! f\nta9s1 ! trees1 ! f9e doors ( ! ,mosque1 ! walls1 ! gate on ! ea/]n side1 & ! inscriptions are purely ,ori5tal4 ,= ! re/ !re has be5 tamp]+4 ,! h& ( ! #8re/or]' c be trac$1 & ! ,bell ,t[] is an affront ^u ! old edifice4 ,f\r ( ! f\nta9s 7 orig9ally con/ruct$ by ,hakem ,,ii41 :5 he _h sp5t 8 en]gy ^u improv+ ! int]ior ( ! ,mezquita4 ,! two f\nts 9 ! ea/ 7 = ! ablution ( ! wom52 ! two 9 ! we/ = ! purification ( ! m54 ,! f\nta9s 7 scoop$ out ( s+le blocks ( m>ble1 br\ght f "o qu>ry4 ,to br+ ^! huge masses ( m>ble to _! positions 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,oranges1 x 0 necess>y to make a slop+ road4 ,! f\nta9s 7 drawn by ox51 & borne ^u heavy c>ts1 & sev5ty bea/s 7 requir$ = ea* team4 ,:5 ! tanks 7 set 9 _! places1 ! wat] /ream$ 9 ?r\gh ! great aqu$uct ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,i41 & ! surplus w5t to fill o!r f\nta9s 9 ! city4 ,!re 0 no sp>+ ( ! toil ( man or bea/ 9 ! days :5 ! ,omeyyads reign$ 9 ,cordova1 = ea* ,khalif seem$ eag] = ! completion ( 8 %>e ( "w ^u ! ,mezquita4 ,! army ( ,morisco lab\r]s 0 augm5t$ by a ho/ ( ,*ri/ian captives1 & we read t ^! un=tunates 7 employ$ to c>ry /one ^u _! heads4 ,we c imag9e ! files ( ,*ri/ians1 ea* man b5d+ "u 8 burd51 compell$ to toil 9 ! uprais+ ( a mighty temple to ! glory ( ,islam4 ,b ! p5dulum sw+s1 & "t br+s its *anges 9 ! =tunes ( ,moor & ,*ri/ian4 ,at a lat] p]iod x is ! ,mudej>1 ! #8reconcil$' ,moor1 :o supports ! cumbr\s loads ^u 8 head1 & does ! bidd+ ( ! ,ca?olic 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ca!dral4 ,& out ( all ?is lab\r & sweat1 hew+ ( /one1 =g+ ( metal1 c>v+ ( wood & ivory1 beat+ ( gold & silv]1 & lay+ on ( *oice1 imp]i%able col\rs1 we h ! composite fane ( to-day--! ,*ri/ian ca!dral enfold$ 9 ! m wondr\s /ructure ( ! ,mohamm$an ,mosque4 ,surely !re are que/ions t fla% ^u ! m9d z we sit 9 ! ,orange ,c\rt1 & li/5 to ! ?rob ( ! bell call+ ! ,*ri/ians to pray] )9 ! anci5t ,mezquita ( ! ,omeyyads6 ,b ! ,cordovese d n appe> to pond] ^u ,"t's fanta/ic trans=mations4 ,!y muse ( o!r ?+s--! affairs ( ! h\r--& reg>d ! ,mezquita z an excell5t asset to _! slumbr\s & impov]i%$ city4 ,e /rang] )9 _! walls is look$ ^u z a sightse]2 & :at %\ld he come to see b ! fam\s ,mosque8 ,& s ! boys 9 ! /reet1 (f]+ _! s]vices z guides ?r\gh ! labyr9?9e :ite alleys1 po9t ahead & cry3 #8,mezquita1 ,mezquita4' ,= ! build+ is n kn[n z ! ca!dral2 x is /ill call$ ! ,mosque1 al?\gh x has be5 reconsecrat$ & d$icat$ to ! wor%ip ( ,god & ! ,virg9 ,"m4 ,climb to ! top ( ! t[] & look ar\nd ^u ! blea*$ h\ses ( ! city1 ! curv+ riv]1 ! dull gre5 ( ! olive ?ickets1 ! yell[ gra9 fields1 & ! grey ridges ( ! m\nta9s4 ,ev]y?+ is %>p1 cle>-cut 9 ! unpollut$ air1 & gl[+ 9 ! brilliant sun%9e ( ! s\?4 ,! ?or\ghf>es are l a network1 tangl$ & mazy4 ,c>?ag9ian ho/s cross$ ^? si]ras to conqu] ?is covet$ t]ritory f ! ,ib]ians4 ,!n came ! legions ( ,rome1 to expel ! settl]s & to f\nd ,corduba4 ,"h /ood ! great temple ( ,janus 9 ! days ( ,s5eca & ,lucan1 ! ar5a1 ! s*ools1 & ! in/itutions ( a p[]ful & cultur$ p4 ,b all ^! fell ) ! inru% ( ! ,go?s f ! nor?1 ^? intrepid w>riors1 fanatical z !y 7 fe>less2 & ,cordova saw ! ru9 ( ! ,roman civilisation1 & ! inception ( a new fai? & a new social ord]4 ,! sc5e *anges con/antly2 ! action ( ! drama is vivid4 ,aga9 ! invad+ flood sweeps ov] ,&alusia4 ,! sw>?y ,moors advance 9 battle array to ! walls ( ! city1 & ! affright$ ,cordovese fly to _! *ur*es = hid+4 ,aga9 !re s\nds ! cla% ( weapons & ! %\ts ( combatants4 ,& ,islam prevails2 ! ,*ri/ian ca!dral is giv5 to ! ,moors1 & ! ,mezquita takes its place4 ,= c5turies ! ,omeyyad rules 9 ,cordova1 & %apes ! city to 8 fa%ion1 oblit]at+ almo/ e trace ( ! prec$+ ord]s1 cre$s1 & cu/oms4 ,^! are ! palmy days1 ^: memorial lies bel[ u 9 ! ,mosque1 & ! bridge ov] ! ,guadalquivir4 ,^! are ! days t made ,cordova a "n famili> 9 ! e>s ( ! civilis$ nations1 ! days ( p[]1 spl5d\r1 & le>n+1 ^: glory %one ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,! new ,mecca arose2 ! cre$ ( ! ,ea/ conqu]$1 & ,ib]ia 0 trans=m$ to ! guise ( ! ,ori5t4 ,& z ! ,moori% sway spread1 & ! conqu]$ ,*ri/ians con=m$ to ! new traditions1 & ! c\ntry prosp]$1 m5 ?\ght t ?is /ate 0 s\nd & /able1 & probably f9al & p]fect4 ,b ! p5dulum swung aga92 ! dom9ion ( ,islam 0 ?reat5$ by enemies )9 & )\t4 ,hi/ory repeat$ itself2 ,"t work$ its inevitable rev5ge1 & a lu/i] race made pr(it f ! decad5ce ( ! ,morisco civilisation4 ,spa9 arose & turn$ ^u h] oppressor1 & ! /reets ( ,cordova 7 once m dr5*$ ) ! blood ( ,moor & ,*ri/ian4 ,?is pr\d ,bell ,t[] /&s z a symbol ( ! reconque/1 & ( ! decl9e ( ,cordova4 ,*ri/ian ,spa9 rejoic$ 9 h] *ange ( =tune4 ,! crusad]s set !mselves to demoli% & to upheave4 ,!y ab&on$ ! :olesome habits ( ! ,moors2 ! ba?s 7 de/roy$ by ! hundr$ z useless relics ( ! dete/$ ,mohamm$an4 ,temples1 colleges1 & palaces 7 ?r[n d[n4 ,sci5ce1 ! arts1 & lett]s 7 neglect$4 ,we h read h[ trade =sook ,cordova1 & h[ ! light ( le>n+ 0 almo/ ext+ui%$4 ,gone 7 ! cultur$ days ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii41 & ! respl5d5t pomp ( ,almanzor4 ,! ,mecca ( ! ,we/ _h fall52 ! fate ( ,roman ,corduba _h come ^u x4 ,!re 0 no revival1 no upris+ ( ! ru9s f ! a%es t c\ld remake ,cordova 9 ! semblance ( its old self4 ,ve/iges alone rema9$ to rem9d ! behold] ( ! gr&eur & ! glory ( ! ,mohamm$an dom9ation4 ,a misdirect$ imp]ialism1 an irrational conception ( greatness1 wr\ght ! wreckage ( ! #8,bride ( ,&alus' aft] h] recapture by ! ,*ri/ian ,spani>ds4 ,,vi ,,! ,,spl5d\rs ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,be=e ! rise ( ,mahomet1 ! ar*itecture ( ! ,arabs 0 almo/ devoid ( ^? specific *>act]s t we f9d 9 ! lat] "w ( ,omeyyad design]s & arti/s4 ,! pri/9e ,arabian edifices 7 built z ?\gh ! t5t s]v$ z ! model = ! ar*itects ( ?is nomadic race4 ,b 9 ! great ,mosque ( ,om> at ,j]usalem we h ! fir/ example ( a new & vigor\s developm5t ( ! art ( ar*itecture4 ,! m9>et1 or pray+-t[]1 0 inv5t$ by ,alwalid1 & o!r di/9ctive features ( ! ,moori% or ,s>ac5ic /yle 7 introduc$ 9 religi\s build+s4 ,9 ! e>lie/ ,morisco-,spani% edifices !re 0 n mu* orig9al "w4 ,! ,visigo?ic temples 7 reconsecrat$ to ! new fai? & adapt$ to ! plans ( ! primitive ,mohamm$an mosques1 b ! designs & /yle ( decoration 7 n purely ,morisco4 ,! "w 0 probably influ5c$ by ,p]sian & anci5t ,egyptian art1 & accord+ to ,seor ,f4 ,m4 ,tub9o x conta9$ ,semitic elem5ts4 ,we %all also note ! incorporation ( ! ,cor9?ian capital ) ! sl5d] ,moori% column ( m>bles ( v>i\s col\rs4 ,! *>act]i/ic horse%oe ar*1 ) its delicate columns1 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ manife/ations ( ! develop+ art ( ! ,moors4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion conc]n+ ! introduction ( ! po9t$ ar*1 :i* is s (t5 claim$ z #8,go?ic4' ,! ar* 9 ar*itecture 0 no d\bt copi$ f ! curv$ int]lac+ ( ! bran*es ( trees1 & ! wide1 flat ar* 0 succe$$ by models ( a m po9t$ type4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! po9t$ ar* 0 a comp>atively common =m1 & x is fairly evid5t t its orig9 0 9 ! ,ea/4 ,9 ! ,mosque ( ,j]usalem1 & ( ,amr\1 9 ,cairo1 !re 7 e>ly examples ( ! po9t$ ar*4 ,! contr>y flexure is a =m ( po9t$ ar*1 & x 0 us$ by ! ,moors4 ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr51 & o!r au?orities ^u ar*itectural art1 lean to ! op9ion t ! s-call$ ,go?ic ar* is ( ,ori5tal orig94 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a numb] ( /ud5ts :o h endeav\r$ to disprove ! ,moori% g5esis ( ! n>r[ ar*4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,p]iod ( ,morisco ar*itecture1 ! tal5t & ! en]gy ( ! design]s 7 *iefly appli$ to ! plann+ ( milit>y def5ces1 t[]s1 walls1 & embattlem5ts4 ,! ,second ,p]iod 0 "o ( great] security f ! al>ms ( w>s1 & ! ar*itects devot$ _! art to devis+ religi\s /ructures & noble mosques4 ,9 ! ,?ird ,p]iod we see ! uprais+ ( f9e secul> build+s1 palaces1 dwell+-h\ses1 ) _! c\rts & colonnades1 & ! erection ( sumptu\s m>ble ba?s4 ,f ! eigh? to ! elev5? c5tury ! /yle 9 ,spa9 is kn[n z ! ,arab-,spani%1 & is sometimes call$ ! ,e/ilo ,califato4 ,?is /yle is #8,s>ac5ic1' ) ,jewi% features4 ,9 ! next p]iod1 f ! twelf? to ! ?irte5? c5tury1 we h ! ,almohade developm5t ( ,arabian ar*itecture1 ^: examples may be se5 9 mo/ ( ! ,moori% cities ( ,spa94 ,! la/ p]iod--f ! f\rte5? to ! fifte5? c5tury--:i* m>ks ! decl9e ( ! pure ,morisco designs1 is sometimes describ$ z ! ,alham>es4 ,! sali5t *>act]i/ics ( ,moori% ar*itecture are ! groves ( sl5d] columns1 ! int]lac+ horse%oe ar*es 9 bewild]+ pr(usion1 ! m9>et1 ) its gradually incl9$ pa? 9 lieu ( /eps = ! asc5t1 ! gorge\s col\r+ ( flat surfaces1 ! mosaics1 dazzl+ gild+s1 & decorations ( preci\s /ones & jewels4 ,x 0 ! ,moor :o discov]$ ! art ( pres]v+ col\r & r5d]+ 8 adornm5ts imp]i%able4 ,! flat illum9ations 7 probably imitations ( ,egyptian decoration1 b x is n c]ta9 t ! secret ( pres]v+ ! lavi% & brilliant col\rs 0 d]iv$ f ,egypt4 ,9 select+ 8 woods = ! purposes ( decorat+ ! ,mosque ( ,cordova1 ! ,moor employ$ ^? ( ! mo/ durable texture1 s durable1 inde$1 t age has sc>cely left its m>k ^u !m4 ,! bricks & /ones are equally la/+1 z may be prov$ by an inspection ( ! walls ( ! ,mezquita4 ,!re 0 no ha/y "w 9 ! con/ruction ( ! temple ( ,allah4 ,no?+ 0 us$ except mat]ial ( a p]man5t quality4 ,! treasure ( ! e>?1 its =e/s & its m\nta9s1 0 employ$ 9 ! great lab\r ( duty & devotion4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! horse%oe ar* has a v anci5t symbolic mean+ ( a ,phallic orig94 ,?is is1 p]haps1 n ! occasion = discuss+ ?is !ory4 ,x is app>5t t ! ,moors employ$ ?is =m ( decoration ^u e opportunity & complicat$ x 9 a v>iety ( /yles4 ,!y us$ x 9 _! doorways1 aisles1 cloi/]s1 & w9d[s4 ,! ,ajimez w9d[ is typically ,morisco4 ,x has usually f two to ?ree ar*es1 support$ on f9e columns1 & is exce$+ly graceful 9 design4 ,ajimez signifies a w9d[ ?r\gh :i* ! sun or light %9es4 ,= effects ( light 9 ! int]iors ( _! fanes ! ,morisco ar*itects design$ sev]al +5i\s ap]tures1 su* z ! />-%ap$ w9d[1 ?r\gh :i* ! daylight pe]s ) s+ul> weirdness4 ,! defect ( ! ,mosque ( ,cordova is 9 a want ( space above ! naves4 ,we lack ! gr&eur ( height )9 ! build+4 ,l(t9ess does n seem to h appeal$ to ! design]s4 ,! av]age height ( ! columns is ab\t sixte5 feet4 ,l5g? & bread? h1 h[ev]1 be5 c>efully consid]$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! temple1 & ! long ar*$ aisles are l =e/ av5ues4 ,!re 7 once "o ?\s& & twelve columns 9 ! build+1 b _m ( ^! 7 remov$ :5 ,san ,f]n&o comm&$ t ! ,mezquita %\ld be adapt$ z a ,*ri/ian ca!dral4 ,! ,vizi]1 ,almanzor1 remov$ ! ea/]n wall ( ! ,mosque & ext5d$ ! build+ 9 ord] to add eight new naves4 ,^! naves _h ! same numb] ( ar*es z ^? already /&+1 & !y 7 int]sect$ at "r angles ) less] naves1 ?irty-five 9 numb]4 ,at ?is p]iod a lack ( space necessitat$ a n>r[+ ( "s ( ! ar*es1 & ! curves 7 made m po9t$4 ,e conceivable ornam5tation 0 introduc$ 9 ! beautify+ ( ^! ar*es4 ,! foseyfasa1 or enamel-"w ( ! ,moors1 is se5 9 its brilliant examples 9 ! ,mosque4 ,?is enamel1 call$ foseyfasa by ! ,arabs1 is compos$ ( cru%$ glass & small pebbles bak$ toge!r ) gorge\s col\rs1 & sometimes conta9+ an admixture ( gold & silv]4 ,x 0 us$ at ,damascus1 9 ! great ,mosque1 & at ,con/ant9ople4 ,accord+ to ,gayangos1 ?is mosaic enamel 0 set 9 its place by ,greek me*anics import$ by ,abd-er-,rahman4 ,?is "w is f9ely exampl$ ^u ! entrance to ! sanctu>y1 & ?r\gh\t ! ,mosque !re are specim5s ( ?is wondr\s art ( embelli%m5t4 ,! pr9cipal nave ( ! ,mezquita has huge ar*es on /one columns1 ) f9ely c>v$ capitals1 & a l>ge numb] ( m9or ar*es 9 ! ,e/ilo del ,califato4 ,mo/ ( ^! columns 7 made f ! /one ( ,spani% qu>ries4 ,!y are ( jasp]1 m>ble1 & o!r /one1 & numb] ne>ly n9e hundr$4 ,n>r[ av5ues run transv]sely ?r\gh ! gr& aisles4 ,we are lo/ 9 !m2 ^! passages appe> int]m9able1 & _! ribbon decorations bewild] ! eyes4 ,we approa* ! sacr$ mih-rab1 ! receptacle ( ! ,koran1 ! holie/ ( holies ( ! temple4 ,! faade is exce$+ly beautiful1 9 ! lat] /yle ( decoration1 & ! arcades ( ! ve/ibule ( ! sanctu>y h f9e triple ar*es & int]lac+ curves ( exquisite design4 ,! dome is cone-%ap$4 ,! door is 9 ! ,e/ilo del ,califato1 dazzl+ 9 ! weal? ( its col\r+1 m>vell\s 9 ! grace & symmetry ( its ma9 ar*1 trefoil ar*es1 & delicate frets4 ,! mih-rab is sev5-sid$1 ) a cupola ( extraord9>y ri*ness ( hue1 & details ( ! greate/ int]e/4 ,"o is baffl$ 9 attempt+ to describe ?is sanctu>y4 ,! te*nical t]ms ( ar*itecture d n convey a conception ( its beauty to ! lay m9d4 ,9 ! days ( its glory1 ! mih-rab 0 illum9at$ by an enorm\s lamp & huge c&les4 ,el-,makk>i1 ! ,arab1 says t ! great lant]n _h ne>ly fifte5 hundr$ lights1 & t ! total numb] ( lights 0 ov] t5 ?\s&4 ,! enamels %one ) _! brilliant hues 9 ! rays ( ^! lamp-lights & c&les until ! eye c\ld sc>cely re/ ^u ! walls & ! cupola4 ,"h ! khalifs came 9 pomp to wor%ip1 & to scan rev]5tly ! pages ( ! co/ly ,koran4 ,! holl[$ ro( ( ! mih-rab & ! floor are ( :ite m>ble4 ,we may see ! m>ks worn by ! knees ( ! fai?ful :o came hi!r to pay _! devotions to ! ,fa!r ( ,islam4 ,! mosaics ( ! walls exhibit ! f9e/ designs & ri*e/ tones ( ! foseyfasa "w4 ,?is is ! ?ird mih-rab1 ! production ( ,hakem1 & x is a retreat t speaks eloqu5tly ( t piety :i* seeks to glorify a deity by ! erection & adornm5t ( a temple4 ,x is respl5d5t beyond comp>e4 ,?is *amb] 0 ! repository ( ! fam\s nimb>1 a pulpit on :eels1 :i* _h sev5 /eps1 & c\ld be mov$ to any "p ( ! ,mosque4 ,:5 ! ,*ri/ians rega9$ p[] 9 ! city1 ?is highly ornam5t$ pulpit 0 cut into pieces1 & portions ( x 7 us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! alt>4 ,! sup]b copy ( ! ,koran1 to :i* we h ref]r$ be=e1 0 kept 9 a gold5 case1 m\nt$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,x 0 s heavy t two m5 7 requir$ to c>ry x4 ,^u ! ceil+ ( ! ,mezquita !re 7 =m]ly inscriptions4 ,among !m 7 ! comm&3 #8,be n "o ( ! neglig5t1' & ! dictum3 #8,!re is no ,god b ,allah1 to :om all be+s address !mselves 9 _! ne$4' ,! ,*ri/ians effac$ ^! inscriptions :5 ! ,mosque 0 purifi$ & consecrat$ to ! ,virg9 ,"m4 ,9 ! ,capilla de ,villaviciosa we %all see ! ,arab-,byzant9e cross$ ar*es on decorat$ columns4 ,?is 0 ! retreat ( ! ,khalif1 & x 0 once l9$ ) silv]4 ,! *apel is ! only "o ( ,moori% int]e/4 ,!re are =ty-five ,*ri/ian *apels1 b ^! sc>cely dem& inspection4 ,9 front ( ! ,capilla ( ,san ,pablo is ! tomb ( ,pablo de ,csp$es1 ! ,cordovese pa9t]4 ,?is *apel has a horse%oe ar* ) %>p po9ts4 ,! ,capilla de la ,c5a conta9s #8,! ,la/ ,supp]1' pa9t$ by ,csp$es4 ,& 9 ! ,sala ,capitul> 7 /atues by ,alonso ,cano & de ,mora4 ,! *apels 7 con/ruct$ f ! side aisles ( ! ,mezquita :5 ! build+ 0 d$icat$ to ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,aft] ! capture ( ,cordova by ,san ,f]n&o1 ! orig9al "w ( ! ,moori% build]s 0 spoil$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,mezquita4 ,l>ge surfaces1 beautifully design$ & col\r$1 7 remov$ by ! innovators1 columns 7 pull$ d[n1 & scre5s de/roy$4 #8,! gold lavi%$ on ! panell$ ceil+s1' s prais$ by an ,arab poet1 0 oblit]at$ 9 _m places2 ! ,*ri/ian ar*itects wr\ght havoc 9 almo/ e "p ( ! /ructure4 ,no d\bt ! pi\s recon/ructors 7 unconsci\s ( _! v&alism4 ,!y s\ght to improve ^u ! art ( ! ,mohamm$ans1 & to build a wor?i] edifice4 ,b _! failure is only too app>5t1 & x has be5 admitt$ by ,spani% writ]s4 ,*>les ,v4 express$ sorr[ at ! g>i% & meagre innovations1 say+ t ! design]s & craftsm5 _h de/roy$ a great & unique "w ( art 9 _! endeav\r to improve ^u ! design ( ! ,moriscos4 ,,vii ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,& ,,*ur*es ,f ! "t ( ! tak+ ( ,cordova by ! sa9t$ ,k+ ,f]d9&1 ,spani% ar*itects & artific]s design$ & con/ruct$ additions to ! int]ior & ext]ior ( ! beautiful ,mezquita4 ,we h already describ$ ^! additions z (t5 incongru\s & = a great "p unlovely4 ,san ,f]n&o caus$ ! erection ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian *apel )9 ! ,mosque1 & x occupi$ a position by ! s\? wall1 cov]+ ?ree naves f ea/ to we/1 & f\r transv]se naves f nor? to s\?4 ,! *apel1 :i* 0 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,clem5t1 enclos$ two ,moori% ar*es4 ,foll[+ ! example ( ! sov]eign1 sev]al noblem5 erect$ *apels 9 ! ,mezquita4 ,9 #abej ,don ,diaz de ,h>o built ! *apel ( ,santa ,inez1 & lat] ,dom+o ,muoz erect$ t ( ,san ,b>tolom4 ,enri*$ by donations f ! pi\s1 ! ,*apt] ( ! ,ca!dral und]took to trans=m ! build+1 & ev5 s\ght to improve ^u ! "w ( ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,!y remov$ ! ap>tm5t ( ! ,kadi1 de/roy$ ! *amb] ( ! ,khalif1 kn[n z ! maksurrah1 & 9 its place re>$ ! ,gr& ,*apel4 ,! *apels ( ,/4 ,john & ( ,santiago 7 built betwe5 #abfj & #abfe4 ,at ?is "t f\r ,mudej>es1 or reconcil$ ,moors1 7 employ$ ^u ! "w ( alt]+ ! ,mosque4 ,x 0 evid5tly ! wi% ( ! improv]s t ! ,arabic tradition %\ld be foll[$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ar*es & ! plan ( ! decorations2 b already ! ,moori% art 0 decl9+1 & ^! late/ examples ( ,morisco design & ornam5tation d n display t weal? ( imag9ation & high skill :i* *>act]is$ ! ,omeyyad craftsman%ip4 ,h5ce ! "w 9 ! ,ca!dral became m #8,go?ic' & less ,arab-,byzant9e1 z piece by piece ! *apels 7 add$ to ! /ructure ( ,abd-er-,rahman1 ,hakem ,,ii41 & ,almanzor4 ,! wor/ v&alism 0 wr\ght :5 ! great ,*oir 0 made "u ! sanction ( ,*>les ,v41 :o aft]w>ds regrett$ t he _h cons5t$ to ! alt]ations4 ,9 ord] to erect ! ,coro1 ) its high ro(1 ! old ,moori% ceil+ 0 de/roy$4 ,! ar*itect orig9ally employ$ ^u ! ,gr& ,*apel & ,*oir 0 ! celebrat$ ,h]nan ,ruiz1 :o a*iev$ "s notable designs 9 ! ,plat]esque /yle4 ,! retablo1 or high alt>1 is by ,alonso ,matias1 & ! pa9t+ is ! "w ( ,palom9o4 ,9 ! ,coro ! seats are beautifully c>v$ by ,p$ro ,cornejo4 ,! ,capilla de ,nue/ra ,seora de ,villaviciosa is p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! _m ,*ri/ian *apels erect$ )9 ! ,mezquita4 ,x is 9 ! lat] ,moori% /yle4 ,csp$es' pa9t+ ( #8,! ,la/ ,supp]' is 9 ! ,capilla de la ,c5a2 & ! tomb ( ?is arti/1 :o 0 a native ( ! city1 is ne> ! ,capilla de ,san ,pablo4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian ,ca!dral !re are _m examples ( ! composite ,moori% & ,go?ic ar*itecture1 :i* is kn[n 9 ,spa9 z ! ,e/ilo ,mudej>4 ,portraits ( sa9ts & pa9t+s ( liv+ ?+s 7 introduc$ lat]1 9 contrav5tion ( ! ,mohamm$an law =bidd+ su* repres5tations 9 ! decoration ( holy build+s4 ,/atues 7 also plac$ 9 ! ,ca!dral4 ,! brilliant ,plat]esque /yle ev5tually succe$$ ! lat] ,mudej> "w2 ! decorations 7 fanciful & flamboyant1 & n always inspir$ by ! highe/ /hetic s5se4 ,f9ally1 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! ,b>oque /yle became ! fa%ion ( ! h\r1 & ! arts ( pictorial embelli%m5t & ( c>v+ deg5]at$ (t5 into ! biz>re & ! !atrical4 ,wood 0 us$ 9 place ( /one = /atu>y1 & _m ( ! f9e old alt>-pieces 9 ! ,spani% *ur*es 7 de/roy$ to give place to grotesque & m #8reali/ic' conceptions4 ,z e>ly z #abgh ! m9>et ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii4 0 cr[n$ ) ! ,*ri/ian figure ( ,sa9t ,raphael1 & at ! "t ( ! alt]ations "u ! direction ( ,h]nan ,ruiz ! bulk ( ! ,moori% pray+-t[] 0 remov$1 & ! mu* l(ti] belfry erect$4 ,mo/ ( ! beautiful doors ( ! ,mosque 7 block$ up dur+ ! progress ( ! recon/ruction4 ,! door ( ! ,gate ( ,p>don 0 decorat$ by ,h5ry ,,ii41 & is 9 ! lat] ,mudej> /yle1 ) ,*ri/ian images above x4 ,su* are among ! _m examples ( ! curi\s bl5d+ ( ,moori% & ,*ri/ian =ms ( design & /yles ( ornam5tation )9 & )\t ! ,mosque4 ,= fur!r examples ( ,mudej> ar*itecture we may visit ! ,hospital del ,c>d9al1 :]e !re is a f9e *apel d$icat$ to ,san ,b>tolom4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,santa ,m>9a 0 orig9ally ,moori%1 b x is n[ mod]n4 ,relatives ( ! ,gran ,capitan ,gonsalvo are buri$ 9 ! ,san ,hipolito4 ,,viii ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,! ,,khalifs ,,& ,,! ,,moori% ,,bridge ,v little ( ! anci5t ,moori% ,alcaz> rema9s4 ,on ! s\? side !re are a ba? & "s t[]s1 & ! plot by ! riv] is beautifully %ady ) semi-tropical foliage & fruit-trees4 ,! old ,alcaz> 0 orig9ally ! ,palace ( ! ,khalifs1 & x cov]$ a l>ge area4 ,x conta9$ huge & sumptu\s *amb]s & sev]al h&some ba?s1 :i* 7 de/roy$ dur+ ! reign ( ,isabella4 ,! nor!rn "p ( ! build+ 0 erect$ 9 ! "t ( ,alfonso ,,xi41 ab\t a c5tury aft] ! recapture ( ,cordova by ,san ,f]n&o4 ,! gate lead+ to ! bridge is no long] ,moori%4 ,x 0 design$ by a ,*ri/ian ar*itect4 ,we ga9 a glimpse ( ! si]ras ?r\gh ! portal1 & pass+ ?r\gh1 rea* ! _m-ar*$ bridge1 lead+ to ! ,campo de la ,v]dad4 ,! f\ndations are ,roman1 & x 0 probably built 9 ! "t ( ,cs>4 ,at ! f> end is ! ,calahorra1 a picturesque t[]4 ,9 ! c5tre /&s ! %r9e ( ! patron sa9t ( ,cordova1 ,/4 ,raphael1 ! ar*angel4 ,?is bridge 0 ! sc5e ( _m conflicts dur+ ! ,moori% occupancy ( ! city4 ,long be=e x 0 built1 :5 ,cs> came to attack ,cordova1 he con/ruct$ a tempor>y bridge across ! ,guadalquivir1 by plac+ l>ge baskets ( /ones 9 ! riv] & lay+ timb] ^u !m4 ,! ,moori% wat]-mills1 :i* c be se5 f ! bridge1 are int]e/+ relics4 ,! riv]1 ! mills1 ! bell-t[] ( ! ,mosque1 & ! walls =m a picture :i* lives 9 ! memory4 ,! view lacks ! /]n gr&eur ( t f ! ,bridge ( ,tol$o1 b x is nev]!less beautiful4 ,9 flood-"t ! riv] see!s by ! buttresses1 & tumbles ?r\gh ! ar*es to sp5d itself bel[ 9 a wide & impos+ /ream4 ,& at night1 :5 ! moon gleams on ! ,guadalquivir1 & lights ! ,mosque1 & l+]s ^u ! anci5t walls & t[]s1 ! sc5e is "o ( fairy-l en*antm5t4 ,m5 fi% above & bel[ ! bridge1 employ+ curi\s lev] nets & o!r qua9t tackle = ! capture ( %ad & eels4 ,along ! v]ge ( ! swirl+ /ream busy wom5 kneel to r9se & wr+ _! l951 & to spread ! g>m5ts ^u ! gre5 banks to dry 9 ! hot sun4 ,! dev\t pause be=e ! %r9e 9 ! c5tre ( ! bridge1 & pay _! rev]5ce to ,/4 ,raphael4 ,"h1 too1 loit] ! idl]s ( ,cordova2 !y l\nge & bl9k at ! wat]1 & smoke _! cig>ettes 9 ! sun%9e4 ,& on m>ket-days !re is a /ream ( pack-mules & asses1 heavy wa9s ) teams ( horses1 & droves ( cattle across ! long ,pu5te4 ,! spell ( ,cordova holds "o long aft] leav+ ! city4 ,"o recalls ! :ite1 tortu\s alleys1 & ! lum9\s blue %ad[s ( ! ,mosque at noonday4 ,! od\rs ( orange-bloom & ( roses are waft$ to ! no/rils1 z "o ?9ks ( ! sil5t patios1 :]e ! foot/ep e*oes1 & ! hu]ta by ! riv]1 :]e !re are trees & plants ( ! tropics4 ,"o he>s ! rattle ( ! mule-wagon ^u ! /ony ?or\ghf>es1 ! fir/ /reets t 7 ev] pav$ 9 ,spa92 ! nightly cry ( ! wat*man1 9 8 m$ival g>b2 ! jangl+ ( *ur* bells ! call ( ! wat]-sell]1 c>ry+ 8 tall ,ori5tal j>2 ! ri* liquid tones ( ! night+ales 9 ! g>d5s & ! ?ickets ( ! ,guadalquivir2 ! e>ly morn+ scream ( ! hawk float+ ov] ! bell-t[]1 & ! bleat+ ( ! w&]+ h]ds ( goats4 ,cordova is ,moori%1 ,spani%1 ,&alusian1 b1 /ill m ?an all1 ,ori5tal4 ,wond]ful ,moors6 ,m>vell\s city ( light1 col\r1 beauty1 & romantic memories6 ,,ix ,,illu/ri\s ,,natives ,,( ,,cordova ,! #8holy & le>n$' city ( ,cordova has ev] produc$ sons wor?y ( its r5[n4 ,!re 71 no d\bt1 _m philosoph]s1 tea*]s1 & poets dur+ ! ,mohamm$an dom9ion1 ^: names h n be5 pres]v$1 & ^: works h p]i%$4 ,corduba 0 ! bir?place ( ,s5eca1 ! relative & ! contempor>y ( ,lucan1 & "o ( ! greate/ m5 t ! city produc$4 ,! morali/ & philosoph] 0 a delicate1 ail+ *ild1 & ?r\gh\t 8 life he suff]$ f ill-heal?1 :i* 0 increas$ by 8 sev]e /udies1 & possibly by 8 asceticism4 ,s5eca 0 "o ( ! fir/ /r5u\s advocates ( ! veget>ian diet & #8! simple life4' ,x is said t he subsi/$ ^u ! pla9e/ f>e & practis$ rigor\s self-d5ial4 ,!re is mu* t is admirable 9 ! "* ( ,s5eca1 b !re are also traits t appe> extremely incompatible ) 8 con/ant insi/5ce ^u "r conduct & purity ( life4 ,! g5ius ( ,s5eca 0 soon recognis$ by ! rul]s 9 ,cordova1 & 8 fame rea*$ ,rome1 :i!r he w5t1 & :]e he 0 receiv$ ) ! respect t 8 deep le>n+ m]it$4 ,8 c>e] 01 h[ev]1 *eck$ by 8 un=tunate intrigue ) ,julia1 ! m>ri$ si/] ( ! ,emp]or ,caligula4 ,z a puni%m5t = 8 adult]y he 0 s5t to ,corsica1 :]e he liv$ 9 bani%m5t = eight ye>s4 ,dur+ ?is long spell ( solitude ,s5eca mus$ & /udi$1 & f\nd ! p]iod ( exile "o ( fruitfulness to ! m9d4 ,yet :5 he 0 recall$ to ,rome1 at ! int]cession ( ,agripp9a1 ! philosoph] exhibit$ a ke5 desire = weal?1 :i* is sc>cely reconcilable ) 8 affirmations conc]n+ ! life ( simplicity & self-d5ial4 ,9 ord] to make money1 he did n hesitate to l5d sums at an exorbitant int]e/4 ,he became a c\rti]1 & 0 ! confid5tial tutor ( ,n]o2 b at ! height ( 8 =tune he conspir$ aga9/ ! emp]or4 ,8 condonation ( ,n]o's murd] ( 8 "m 0 an elaborate piece ( casui/ry1 devis$ = no o!r reason ?an ! desire to reta9 ! royal patronage4 ,9 ?is & 9 o!r episodes1 ! c>e] ( ,s5eca bewild]s u1 & provides matt] = reflection ^u ! inconsi/5cy ( human nature & ! fallibility ( ev5 ! greate/ e?ici/s4 ,! la/ pages 9 ! life ( ! philosoph] are sad4 ,he 0 condemn$ to dea? z a traitor1 & he _h m>ri$ a "y wife4 ,:5 he he>d t ! gu>ds 7 on _! way to arre/ him1 ,s5eca resolv$ to op5 "o ( 8 ve9s & to ble$ to dea?4 ,8 loyal & lov+ wife begg$ to %>e 8 fate1 & at h] reque/ he cut "o ( h] ve9s4 ,b ,s5eca 0 old1 sev5ty ye>s ( age1 & 8 blood fl[$ s sl[ly t he c\ld n die4 ,9 8 desp]ation he drank a cup ( hemlock1 hop+ to poison himself1 & by t means put an end to 8 angui%4 ,yet ev5 ! hemlock potion fail$4 ,asphyxiation 9 a heat$ *amb] at la/ br\ght dea? to ! ag$ sage1 & by timely att5tion ! life ( 8 "y wife 0 sav$4 ,m>cus ,annu ,lucanus1 or ,lucan1 0 born 9 ,cordova 9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #ch or #ci4 ,he 0 ! nephew ( ,s5eca1 & 8 fa!r 0 a public s]vant held 9 e/eem 9 ! city4 ,our data = a biography ( ,lucanus are v scanty4 ,he wrote poems be=e he left ,cordova1 & enc\rag$ ! writ+ ( ,lat9 v]se among ! ,spani% resid5ts4 ,8 great "w1 ! ,ph>salia1 0 left unf9i%$4 ,lucan 0 laud$ by ,tacitus z a poet4 ,he w5t to ,rome1 & x is record$ t he vanqui%$ ,n]o 9 "o ( ! poetical t\rnam5ts 9 :i* t mon>* delight$4 ,! egoti/ic emp]or nev] =gave ,lucan = beat+ him 9 ?is lit]>y conte/4 ,he v9dictively =bade ! poet to write any m poems or to recite to audi5ces4 ,we ne$ n be surpris$ t ! aggriev$ poet rebell$ aga9/ ?is attempt to utt]ly sil5ce 8 song1 to deprive him ( ! ex]cise ( 8 art1 & to cru% him4 ,lucan 0 ar\s$4 ,he became "o ( ! conspirators ( ,piso1 & plott$ aga9/ ! p[] ( ,n]o4 ,:5 he 0 arre/$1 & (f]$ p>don if he w\ld "n 8 accomplices 9 ! plot1 ,lucan falsely accus$ 8 "m ,atilia ( complicity4 ,?is c[>dly resort 01 h[ev]1 ( no avail4 ,he 0 n sp>$ by ! v5geful ,n]o1 :o gave ! poet 8 *oice ( dea?4 ,lucan *ose ! usual ,roman mode ( op5+ a ve9 9 a ba?4 ,he is said to h recit$ "o ( 8 poems z he di$4 ,ibn-,ro%id ,av]roes1 ! mo/ r5[n$ ( ! ,arabian philosoph]s1 0 born 9 ,cordova 9 ,a4,d4 #aabj4 ,he came ( a high-born family held 9 hon\r 9 ! city4 ,8 gr&fa!r 0 a ,kadi ( ,cordova4 ,9 8 y\? ,av]roes le>n$ law1 ma!matics1 !ology1 & ! practice ( m$ic9e4 ,8 reputation z a man ( erudition & ( =ce ( intellect caus$ ,almanzor to grant him privileges4 ,he 0 appo9t$ ,kadi ( ! city ( ,seville4 ,! /ory ( ! life ( ,av]roes is an example ( ! et]nal conflict betwe5 ! re=m] ( ?\ght & morals & ! mass ( ! p ( 8 age4 ,av]roes 0 misund]/ood1 impea*$ z a dang]\s h]etic1 & condemn$ z an enemy ( humanity4 ,! ,moors1 9 spite ( _! culture1 c\ld manife/ rank fanaticism :5 !y enc\nt]$ any tea*+ t seem$ to contradict ! writ+s ( ! ,koran1 or ! traditional piety4 ,av]roes 0 a foll[] ( ,ari/otle1 al?\gh he rema9$ a ,mohamm$an1 & z ! ,greek philosophy did n accord completely ) ! dogmas ( ,mohamm$1 ! tea*] 0 arraign$ z an assailant ( religion & a foe to morality4 ,8 o/racism 0 ?or\gh4 ,! noble man 0 pelt$ ) /ones by boys 9 ! /reet1 & scorn$ by ! :ole city4 ,%r9k+ f ?is t]rible spectacle ( ! humiliation & cruelty heap$ ^u ! innoc5t head ( 8 rev]$ tutor1 ! "y ,maimonides1 a dilig5t pupil ( ,av]roes1 fl$ f ,cordova4 ,av]roes soon aft] left ! city1 & w&]$ 9 ,morocco4 ,b he 0 n all[$ to roam unmole/$4 ,at ,fez ! populace treat$ him ) gross inhumanity4 ,he 0 =c$ to /& on ! /ep ( ! mosque1 & e "o :o pass$ into ! ,h\se ( ,allah spat 9 ! philosoph]'s face4 ,hunt$1 despis$1 & b]eft ( ! opportunity = us+ 8 le>n+ = ! good ( humanity1 ,av]roes dissembl$ & pr(ess$ to rep5t ( 8 h]esies4 ,we c h>dly exp]i5ce surprise at ?is4 ,8 humiliation & 8 trials _h be5 su* t few m5 c\ld endure )\t a loss ( reason or a total p>alysis ( aspiration4 ,av]roes return$ to ,cordova4 ,b he 0 /ill avoid$ & look$ ^u z a felon1 & 8 pov]ty & mis]able /ate cont9u$4 ,ev5tually he 0 re9/at$4 ,!re 0 a reaction ( feel+2 bigotry 0 we>+ out1 & ! virtues & atta9m5ts ( ! great ?9k] 7 recognis$ at _! wor?4 ,! *ief "w ( ,av]roes 0 8 philosophy1 comp\nd$ ( ,ari/otle & ! tea*+ ( ,neo-,platonism4 ,8 writ+s ^u ,ari/otle are n ( ! highe/ value1 = he 0 unv]s$ 9 ! ,greek language4 ,l ,s5eca1 ! ,arab tea*] ,av]roes 0 a rigidly pla9 liv]4 ,he cont5t$ himself ) common raim5t1 slept on h>d c\*es1 & made only "o meal 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,av]roes 0 n only reput$ = 8 culture & 8 philosophical treatises2 he bore ! "* ( amiability1 simplicity ( mann]1 & extreme c\rte\sness4 ,he rises f> above ,s5eca 9 ! conduct ( life & ! application ( 8 pr9ciples to actions4 ,he 0 a true moral philosoph]4 ,cordova has produc$ _m illu/ri\s sons1 b c]ta9ly n a great] man s9ce 8 day4 ,= "s "t ! philosophy ( ,av]roes 0 reg>d$ z highly dang]\s among ! ,moors ( ,cordova4 ,x 0 consid]$ equally injuri\s to ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 = all ! works ( ! ,arab doctor 7 plac$ ^u ! ,ca?olic ,index4 ,cordova gave _m valiant soldi]s to ! _w1 b none m brave ?an ! ,gran ,capitan4 ,! h]o's "n 0 ,f]n&ez ,gonsalvo1 or ,h]n&ez de ,cordova4 ,he 0 born 9 #adec1 & arose to fame ab\t #adie4 #8,nurs$ amid ! d9 ( battle1' ,gonsalvo accompani$ 8 fa!r to ! c\rts ( ,alfonso & ,isabella4 ,he f\ght 9 ,portugal1 %[+ rem>kable intrepidity at ! great battle ( ,albu]a4 ,at ,monte ,frio ! ,great ,capta9 l$ ! besieg]s 9 scal+ ! ramp>ts4 ,at ,granada 8 horse 0 kill$ b5ea? him1 b he m\nt$ t ( 8 att5dant1 :o lo/ 8 life 9 ! enc\nt]4 ,9 ! ,calabrian campaign1 ,gonsalvo l$ ! army4 ,= 8 pr[ess he 0 made ,vic]oy ( ,naples4 ,! life ( ! ,gran ,capitan is a *apt] ( mov+ romance4 ,9 ! ,spani% e/imation he is almo/ z mighty & adorable z ! ,cid4 ,gonsalvo 0 ov] sixty :5 he di$4 ,he 0 a born comm&]1 capable ( judg+ "* & ( lead+ m51 & possess$ ( extraord9>y brav]y & coolness 9 action4 ,8 mann]s 7 urbane & pleas+4 ,! city is associat$ ) at lea/ ?ree fam\s pa9t]s ( ! ,&alusian s*ool3 ,p$ro de ,cordova1 ,pablo de ,csp$es1 & ,juan ,valds ,leal4 ,! ,museo ( ,cordova is n a v important collection ( pa9t+s1 b x conta9s "s works ( ,csp$es1 ,zurb>n1 & ,rib]a4 ,zurb>n's be/ "w is n to be se5 9 ,cordova4 ,rib]a's #8,re/ on ! ,flight into ,egypt1' 9 ! ,museo1 is a f9e picture1 b x is injur$ by ! /ate into :i* x has fall5 ?r\gh neglect4 ,x is deplorable t s _m ( ! pa9t+s 9 ! collection at ,cordova are 9 a condition ( decay4 ,dur+ our visit to ! city we 7 appall$ at ! indiff]5ce exhibit$ by ^? 9 *>ge ( ! pictures4 ,!re is evid5ce t ,cordova "u ! ,moors conta9$ "s works ( ! e>ly ,spani% s*ools ( pa9t+4 ,pablo de ,csp$es1 9 an essay1 /ates3 #8,9 ! p>i% *ur* ( ,san ,p$ro1 9 our city ( ,cordova1 on ! "r wall1 !re are _m pa9t+s ( ^? times :i* escap$ ! b>b>\s fury ( ! ,moors :5 !y held t place1 ?\gh !y h n escap$ ! ravages ( "t & ! neglect ( ^? intru/$ ) ! c>e ( ! *ur*4 ,! consequ5ce is1 !y are sc>cely intelligible f ! injury :i* !y h receiv$ & ! du/ :i* has accumulat$ ^u !m4 ,?is sort ( pa9t+1 rude & savage z x is1 appe>s to h be5 ! a%es :5ce 0 de/9$ to spr+ t faire/ ,phnix ( mod]n art :i* has s9ce bur/ =? 9 su* spl5d\r & ri*es4' ,! fir/ pa9t] ( ,cordova ( :om we h a brief record is ,p$ro de ,cordoba4 ,9 #adge he pa9t$ ! ,annunciation1 :i* is /ill to be se5 9 ! ,capilla del ,santo ,cri/o ( ! ,mezquita4 ,! picture is repres5tative ( ,go?ic art2 b x is 9 a poor light1 & ! canvas is 9 a condition ( neglect4 ,cordova 0 rank$ z ! second c5tre ( art 9 ,&alusia2 & ! ,italian influ5ce1 :i* succe$$ ! ,go?ic1 0 exemplifi$ 9 ! productions ( ! cultur$ & v]satile ,pablo de ,csp$es1 :o 0 born 9 ! city 9 #aech4 ,?is arti/1 :o wrote a celebrat$ poem on ! art ( pa9t+1 is rank$ among ! writ]s z well z ! pa9t]s ( 8 nation4 ,he /udi$ 9 ,italy1 & became "o ( ! canons ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,cordova4 ,9 ,rome he pa9t$ frescoes aft] ! mann] ( ,correggio4 #8,! ,la/ ,supp]1' & two pictures ( #8,/4 ,john' & #8,/4 ,&rew1' are 9 ! ,mezquita1 & 9 ^! we see ! intellectual quality ( ?is pa9t]'s art4 ,cean ,b]mudez1 ! ,spani% critic1 rank$ ,pablo de ,csp$es high z a col\ri/1 & especially 9 fle%-t9ts4 ,mo/ ( ! pictures by ,csp$es h p]i%$4 ,juan de ,valds ,leal 0 born 9 ,cordova 9 #afcj4 ,mo/ ( ! pa9t]'s life 0 sp5t 9 ,seville1 :]e he 0 reg>d$ z ! rival ( ,murillo4 ,8 mo/ s9c]e1 & "o ( 8 e>lie/ compositions is 9 ,cordova1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,c>m54 ,?is "w is int]e/+ because x in/ances ! dramatic qualities ( ! pa9t]4 ,! retablo is pa9t$ 9 elev5 diff]5t p>ts1 repres5t+ ! life ( ! prophet ,elijah4 ,mo/ ( ! "w ( ,valds ,leal is to be se5 9 ,seville4 ,antonio de ,ca/illo y ,saav$ra1 born 9 ,cordova 9 #afjc1 reviv$ ! be/ traditions ( ,csp$es4 ,ca/illo 0 "o ( ! fir/ ( ! ,spani% l&scape-pa9t]s1 b 8 /r5g? lay 9 ! pres5tm5t ( figures4 ,8 col\r is n 8 =te1 z w be se5 f a /udy ( 8 pictures 9 ! ,museo4 ,p]haps 8 mo/ admirable "w is ! #8,d5ial ( ,/4 ,pet]4' ,ca/illo un=tunately attempt$ to imitate ,murillo1 & x is said t he 0 envi\s ( ! reputation ( t m popul> pa9t]4 ,?is arti/ seems to h sp5t mo/ ( 8 "t 9 ,cordova1 :]e he di$ 9 #affg4 ,! poet ,luis de ,gongora 0 born 9 ! city 9 #aefa4 ,8 fir/ /udies 7 at ! ,univ]sity ( ,salamanca1 :i!r he 0 s5t at ! age ( fifte51 to le>n law4 ,:ile at ! ,college he became exce$+ly worn 9 heal?1 b 8 disease 0 n mortal1 & 8 recov]y 0 acc\nt$ miracul\s4 ,:ile /ill a y\? ,gongora wrote poetry4 ,he %[$ b little aptitude = ! pr(ession ( lawy]1 & ^u 8 return to ,cordova he cultivat$ 8 b5t = poetry4 ,9 p]son ,luis de ,gongora 0 tall & p[]fully built4 ,he 0 a cau/ic writ]1 & 9 8 fir/ p]iod 8 /yle 0 simple & delightful4 ,b he became m mann]$ & affect$ z he grew old]1 & 8 lat] "w 0 m>r$ by pomposity1 extravagance1 & (t5 by %e] absurdity4 ,8 mann]isms 71 h[ev]1 reg>d$ z ! fruit ( r>e g5ius by 8 ho/ ( disciples & imitators4 ,gongorism became ! fa%ion among poeta/]s 9 ,spa91 & ! foll[]s ( ?is ma/] ( ecc5tricity 7 slavi% flatt]]s & fanatical wor%ipp]s4 ,at =ty-five ,gongora left ,cordova & ent]$ ! ,*ur*4 ,he aft]w>ds liv$ 9 ,madrid4 ,9 ! capital he 0 "u ! patronage ( influ5tial hidalgos & nobles1 & ,philip ,,iii4 made him 8 honor>y *apla94 ,gongora ev5tually return$ to 8 native place1 :]e he di$ at ! age ( sixty-six1 9 ! ye> #afbg4 ,9 spite ( 8 /ilt$ /yle & metrical defects1 ,gongora 0 end[$ ) true poetic tal5t4 ,writ+ ( him1 ,lope de ,vega said3 #8,i h kn[n ?is g5tleman = eight-&-tw5ty ye>s1 & ,i hold him to be possess$ ( ! r>e/ & mo/ excell5t tal5t ( any 9 ,cordova1 s t he ne$ n yield ev5 to ,s5eca or ,lucan1 :o 7 natives ( ! same t[n4' ,,app5dix ,i ,,! ,,great ,,mosque ,,( ,,cordova ,x is n a little s+ul> t ! pres5t ,ca!dral ( ,cordova is bett] kn[n to ! inhabitants ( ! city z ,la ,mezquita1 or ,mosque1 ?an by its ,*ri/ian designation2 :i* circum/ance may be tak5 z a pro( ( ! great influ5ce ex]t$ ov] ,spani% ?\ght & feel+ by ! ,moori% occupation ( ! ,p59sula4 ,! tru? is t ,spani% & ,moori% int]e/s _h mu* 9 common1 & bo? nations _h equal pride 9 ! celebration ( notable de$s p]=m$ by ,mussulman or ,*ri/ian4 ,! m+l+ ( ! two peoples aft] ! conque/ ( ,granada gave1 at lea/ to ! commonalty ( bo? nations1 a _s ( *>ity :i* x _h be5 bett] to fo/] ?an to ext+ui%4 ,?is g5tle s5tim5t is well express$ 9 a lam5t by ,amados de los ,rios1 a great ,spani% antiqu>y & ,ori5tali/1 :o s+s a m\rnful requiem ov] ! dep>t$ glories ( ! ,mosque1 once ! model ( ,arab ar*itecture1 & ! pride ( ,islam3-- #8,nei!r ! sumptu\s ,*ri/ian fabric t to-day rises 9 ! mid/ ( ^? c\ntless columns1 nor all ! treasures ( art lavi%$ ^u x by ! celebrat$ arti/s ( ! sixte5? c5tury :o erect$ x1 nor t int]m9able s]ies ( *apels ( e epo* :i*1 re/+ aga9/ ! walls ( ! ,mosque1 disfigure x2 nor ! clumsy angels t seem to susp5d _! flight to %$ glory ov] ! div9e s]vice1 nor ! words ( ! ,evangeli/ s\nd+ f ! seat ( ! ,holy ,_s1 c dispel or bani% 9 ! slighte/ degree ! maje/y ( ^? w&]+ %ades1 t 9 va9 seek 9 ! sanctu>y ! sacr$ volume ^: leaves1 accord+ to tradition1 7 enamell$ ) ! blood ( ! ,khalif ,o?man1 m>tyr to ! fai?4 ,a _w ( s\v5irs "h en?ralls ! m9d ( ! travell] z he gazes ) a feel+ ( sorr[ ^u ^! pr(anations1--works dictat$ by ! intol]ant yet s9c]e fai? ( our ance/ors1 impell$ by ! desire ( bani%+ = ev] f t spot consecrat$ to ! law ( ,jesus1 ! _s ( ,mohamm$ & ! gho/s ( 8 slaves t haunt x1 & w = ev] haunt x :ile x exi/s4 ,=1 9 spite ( ! mutilations x has endur$1 & ( ! *anges x has und]gone1 !re is impress$ ^u x1 by a sup]ior in]adicable law1 ! seal ( ! art t inspir$ x1 & ! "* ( ! p by :om x 0 plann$ & erect$4' ,don ,amados is n alone 9 8 eloqu5t1 if unavail+ prote/4 ,:5 ,*>les ,v41 9 #aebf1 visit$ ,cordova1 & obs]v$ ,/4 ,pet]'s 7! ,coro7 ris+ out ( ! v c5tre ( ! ,mosque1 he rebuk$ ! ,bi%op1 ,alonso ,manriquez1 :o _h erect$ ! incongru\s edifice1 9 no measur$ t]ms4 ,:5 ! k+ saw ! ext5t ( ! mis*ief1 he said3 #8,y h built "h :at y or any "o might h built else:]e2 b y h spoilt :at 0 unique 9 ! _w4' ,alas6 ! mon>* _h =gott51 or did n *oose to rememb]1 t ! decl>ation came ) a v bad grace f "o :o1 = 8 nev]-complet$ palace at ,granada1 _h torn d[n :ole ,c\rts & ,halls ( ! ,alhambra4 ,l mo/ ,moori% build+s1 ! ext]ior ( ! ,great ,mosque ( ,cordova has a some:at =bidd+ aspect1 & rises be=e "o mu* unlike a h\se ( pray]4 ,! va/ int]ior ( ! ,mosque may be lik5$ to a petrifi$ grove ( palm-trees1 _! /ems /rangely v>i$ 9 col\r1 & 9 amaz+ p]spective to all po9ts ( ! compass4 ,m>ble columns ( e hue1 f pure :ite & transluc5t alaba/]1 ?r\gh ! int]v5+ r$1 ! preci\s v]de antique1 jasp]1 porphyry1 all %ades1 to ! deepe/ black2 ! v>iety only to be expla9$ by ! fact t ! great build]s ,abd-er-,rahman ,i41 toge!r ) 8 son & successor1 ,hi%am ,i41 procur$ _! mat]ials :5ev] & :]ev] !y c\ld #8acquire' !m4 ,_m ( ! columns be+ too tall1 7 #8topp$' to supply a defici5cy 9 ! l5g? ( ano!r--a process eloqu5t ( ! pillage ( _m a di/ant city4#a ,all hi/orians agree t ! great ,mosque ( ,cordova owes its inception to ,abd-er-,rahman ,i41 ! fir/ sov]eign to reign indep5d5tly ov] ,&alus4 ,directly ! ,sultan f\nd himself comp>atively free f 8 turbul5t rivals1 & firmly e/abli%$ on ! ?rone1 he began ! build+ ( 8 royal palace--t ( ! pleasure-h\se call$ ,rissafah1 & ( ! great ,mosque4 ,! circum/ances :i* l$ to ! erection ( ! ,mosque are ?us relat$3-- ,:5 a city surr5d]$ to ! ,moors by capitulation1 x 0 _! cu/om to divide ) ! ,*ri/ians ! pr9cipal temple ( t city4 ,s1 = in/ance1 :5 ,damascus 0 tak51 ! pr9cipal temple 0 divid$1 half ( x rema9+ 9 ! h&s ( ! inhabitants = _! =m ( wor%ip1 :ile ! o!r half 0 appropriat$ to ! use ( ! ,moslems1 :o =?) conv]t$ _! moiety into a ,mosque4 ,accord+ to ?is usage1 :5 ! ,arabs ent]$ ,cordova !y divid$ ) ! ,*ri/ians _! pr9cipal place ( wor%ip1 all o!r *ur*es1 bo? )9 & )\t ! city1 be+ imm$iately pull$ d[n4 ,! ,moslems rema9$ = a long "t satisfi$ ) ?is /ate ( affairs1 until _! numb] increas$1 & ,cordova became a v popul\s city1 ow+ to ! ,arabian ,amirs hav+ tak5 up _! abode 9 x1 & made x ! seat ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,mosque c\ld !n no long] conta9 ! wor%ipp]s1 & ro( aft] ro( 0 add$ to accommodate !m1 ! ro( ( ea* successive addition be+ inf]ior 9 height to ! prec$+ /ructure1 until ! ro( ( ! late/ addition 0 s l[ z to be b a few feet f ! floor1 prev5t+ ! p f /&+ ) any com=t "u x4 ,^u ! consolidation ( ! ,omeyyah dyna/y1 ,abd-er-,rahman at once turn$ 8 att5tion to ! enl>gem5t ( ! ,mosque4 ,he s5t = ! *iefs ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & propos$ to pur*ase f !m t "p ( ! build+ :i* rema9$ 9 _! h&s1 9 ord] t he might utilise ! space = ! bett] obs]vance ( ! religion ( ! ,prophet4 ,aft] mu* negotiation1 ! ,*ri/ians agre$ to rel9qui% _! moiety1 on condition ( be+ all[$ to rebuild or repair a *ur* outside ! walls1 & ( hold+ x indep5d5tly ( ! ,moslems4 ,! *ur* ( ! ,*ri/ians 0 consecrat$ :olly to ! wor%ip ( _! ,god4#b ,?is be+ grant$ by ,abd-er-,rahman1 & ! ,*ri/ians hav+ receiv$ ! sum agre$ ^u1 ! ,sultan demoli%$ ! old place ( wor%ip 7,a4,d4 #ghd-e71 & laid ^u its site ! f\ndations ( ! great ,mosque1 :i* became "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w4 ,! build+ 0 c>ri$ on ) incr$ible activity dur+ ! :ole ( 8 reign1 = ! ,sultan begrudg$ no exp5diture t c\ld add to its magnific5ce2 yet x 0 n until n9e ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,abd-er-,rahman t ! ,mosque 0 complet$ accord+ to ! orig9al plan4 ,! design 0 accompli%$ by ! ,sultan ,hi%am ,i4 9 ! ye>s #gid-e1 & ! ,mosque receiv$ consid]able improvem5ts at ! h&s ( 8 successors2 inde$1 x c be safely said t none ( ! ,sultans ( ! illu/ri\s family ( ,omeyyah :o reign$ 9 ,cordova fail$ to make "s e/imable addition1 or contribut$ 9 "s way to ! decoration ( ! sumptu\s build+4 ,hi%am's son1 ,abd-er-,rahman ,,ii4 7,a4,d4 #hbb-heb71 ord]$ mu* #8gilt "w' 7,zak-hrafah7 to be made1 b di$ be=e ! "w 0 c>ri$ out4 ,mohamm$1 8 son & successor 7,a4,d4 #heb-hhf71 cont9u$ ! "w begun by 8 fa!r1 & br\ght x to a close4 ,mohamm$'s son1 ,mundhir1 9 a %ort reign 7,a4,d4 #hhf-hhh71 is record$ z hav+ made improvem5ts 9 ! build+4 ,! great ,khalif1 ,an-nassir 7,abd-er-,rahman ,,iii41 ,a4,d4 #iab-ifa71 caus$ ! old m9>et to be pull$ d[n & a m magnific5t "o to be erect$4 ,al-hakem ,al-mu/ans]-billah 7,hakem ,,ii41 ,a4,d4 #ifa-igf7 made important additions4 ,see+1 on 8 accession1 t ,cordova 0 e day increas+ 9 ext5t1 & ! population rapidly gr[+1 he direct$ 8 att5tion to ! enl>gem5t ( ! ,mosque1 & complet$ ! additional build+ kn[n by 8 "n1 by :i* ! /ructure1 already gorge\s1 rea*$ ! highe/ p]fection1 ! "w ( 8 "t be+ execut$ 9 a mann] t bewild]s by its excell5ce4 ,la/ly1 9 ! reign ( 8 successor ,hi%am ,,ii4 7,a4,d4 #igf-ajji71 & "u ! adm9i/ration ( 8 fam\s ,hajib 7,"l ,*amb]la9 & ,prime ,m9i/]7 ,al-,mansur1 or ,almanzor1 z he is m commonly call$1 an addition 0 made :i* almo/ d\bl$ ! capacity ( ! build+4 ,a va/ numb] ( h\ses 7 pull$ d[n1 ! sites & ! l&s belong+ to !m appropriat$ = ! ext5sion ( ! ,mosque2 ! addition fall+ n[ise %ort1 9 respect ( solidity1 beauty ( design1 & boldness ( execution1 ( ^? ( any ( 8 pr$ecessors1 unless we except ! transc5d5t "w ( ,hakem ,,ii4 ,! grace & purity ( con/ruction & decoration 9 ,cordova rea*$ _! z5i? dur+ ! reign ( ,hakem ,,ii4 ,he x 0 :o built ! maksurrah#c )9 ! ,mosque1 a production t has be5 describ$ by contempor>y writ]s z "o ( ! mo/ exquisite fabrics ev] rais$ by man4 ,9 ! two jambs ( ! ar* =m+ ! entrance to ! mih-rab#d 7 f\r columns ( great value3 two 7 made ( gre5 m>ble1 ! o!r two ( lapis-lazuli4#e ,ne> ! mih-rab !re once /ood a pulpit con/ruct$ by ,hakem ,,ii41 equall$ by none o!r 9 ! _w = workman%ip & mat]ials4 ,x 0 built ( ivory & ! r>e/ woods1 su* z ebony1 s&al1 almond1 ,indian planta91 citron1 aloe1 & s =?4 ,?is beautiful object 0 to be se5 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,cordova z late z ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 x 0 dismemb]$ & its mat]ials employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( a ,*ri/ian alt>4 ,x 0 kn[n to ! ,spani>ds "u ! "n ( c>ro de ,almanzor1 ! *>iot ( ,al-mansur--probably because x /ood ^u :eels4 ,n only did ! ,khalif ,hakem ,,ii4 make _m additions to ! great ,mosque ( ,cordova1 b improvem5ts :i* greatly b5efit$ ! city4 ,9 place ( ! old res]voir = purification 9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,mosque1 he built f\r o!rs at two sides ( ! ,mosque1 & ^! he fill$ by means ( a canal :i*1 tak+ ! wat] f ! hills ( ,cordova1 p\r$ x into an imm5se res]voir ( m>ble :i* f$ ! f\r m9or ci/]ns4 ,^! m>ble receptacles = wat] may yet be se5 9 ! ,mezquita ( ,cordova2 ! qu>ry :5ce !y 7 extract$ is likewise indicat$ by ! peasants at a few miles f ! city4 ,! wat]1 runn+ con/antly1 aft] supply+ ! ne$s ( ! ,mosque1 0 di/ribut$ into ?ree conduits p>t+ f ?ree sides ( ! ,mosque1 ,ea/1 ,nor?1 & ,we/1 ?us supply+ ! city & suburbs4 ,! actual dim5sions ( ! ,mosque are difficult to e/abli%4 ,an excell5t au?ority says t 9 l5g? f ,nor? to ,s\?1 ! ,mosque measures six hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 9 wid? f\r hundr$ & =ty feet4 ,mr4 ,w>+1 9 8 ,notes ( an ,ar*itect 9 ,spa9 says ! ,mosque is an oblong ( ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-f\r feet by ?ree hundr$ & sixty feet4 ,! fam\s ,orange ,c\rt is 9 l5g? two hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 &1 be+ )9 ! b\nd>y walls ( ! ,mosque1 is probably includ$ 9 ! fir/ measurem5t giv54 ,x is impossible to fix ) any degree ( c]ta9ty ! numb] ( columns conta9$ 9 ! ,mosque dur+ ! "t ( ,mohamm$an supremacy4 ,ambrosio de ,morales & ! ,infante ,don ,juan ,manuel1 bo? ( :om describ$ ! ,mosque be=e ! columns 7 r$uc$ 9 numb] by ! unnecess>y1 n to say b>b>\s1 alt]ations to :i* ! build+ has be5 subject$1 e/imate ! figures at "o ?\s& & twelve2 b x is only too c]ta9 t :5 ! ,mosque 0 conv]t$ into a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* v _m columns 7 remov$ to make room = alt>s1 *apels1 & ! l4 ,no less ?an "o hundr$ columns 7 compris$ )9 ! maksurrah1 :i* 0 fur!r provid$ ) ?ree doors ( exquisite workman%ip1 "o ( :i* 0 cov]$ ) pure gold1 z 7 ! walls ( ! mih-rab4 ,! floor ( ! maksurrah1 x is said1 0 pav$ ) silv]1 & t ! pavem5ts adjac5t to x 7 cov]$ ) s(eysafa1 an obscure ^w :i* ,don ,pascual de ,gayangos believes to be a transposition ( ! ,arabic ^w foseyfasa1#f signify+ enamel "w ( exceptional brilliancy1 laid d[n by ,greek workm5 :om ,abd-er-,rahman _h br\ght to ,cordova = ! task4 ,! ceil+ ( ! ,mosque 0 =m]ly cov]$ ) oval c>t\*es be>+ appropriate monitory inscriptions & pi\s s5t5ces1 su* z #8,be n "o ( ! neglig5t1' #8,felicity1' #8,bless+1' #8,!re is no ,god b ,god1 to :om all be+s address !mselves 9 _! ne$1' ?us incit+ ! m9ds ( ! fai?ful to contemplation & pray]4 ,"s few ( ! c>t\*es are /ill rema9+1 b ! inscriptions 7 c>efully effac$ at ! "t :5 ! ,mosque 0 trans=m$ into a ,*ri/ian temple4 ,^? 9 ! mih-rab1 & 9 ! angles ne> ! t[]1 7 sp>$4 ,! numb] ( braz5 *&eli]s ( diff]5t sizes 9 ! ,mosque is comput$ at upw>ds ( two hundr$1 & ! numb] ( cups atta*$ & conta9+ oil1 at upw>ds ( sev5 ?\s&4 ,"s ( ! oil-res]voirs = ! great lamps 7 ,*ri/ian bells depriv$ ( _! clapp]s1 aft]w>ds inv]t$1 & susp5d$ f ! ro(4 ,x is kn[n t 9 ! _m exp$itions aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian1 bells 7 frequ5tly remov$ f _! *ur*es & br\ght to ,cordova4 ,sometimes ! metal ( ! bells 0 reca/ into =ms m 9 accordance ) ! ,moori% /yle ( ornam5t4 ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,cordova ,! mo/ elegant description ( ,cordova is t conta9$ 9 ! epi/le ( ,a%-%ak&i1 a native ( ,%ak&ah1 a t[n close to ,cordova1 on ! s\!rn bank ( ! ,guadalquivir4 ,he calls ,cordova #8! repository ( sci5ce1 ! m9>et ( piety & devotion1 ! abode ( magnific5ce1 sup]iority1 & elegance3 nei!r ,baghdad nor ,damascus c compete ) x4 ,an idea ( its wor? c only be arriv$ at by comp>+ ! city to a beautiful bride ( ^: d[] x %\ld =m "p4 ,cordova may be prop]ly call$ ! milit>y camp ( ,&alus1 ! common r5dezv\s ( ^? spl5did armies :i*1 ) ! help ( ,allah1 defeat$ at e enc\nt] ! wor%ipp]s ( ! ,crucifi$4 ,its great ,mosque1 light$ ) bronze lamps made f ,*ri/ian bells1 _h its f\ndations =m$ ( ! mat]ials ( demoli%$ *ur*es br\ght to ,cordova by ,*ri/ian captives4' ,dur+ ! reigns ( ! mon>*s ( ,go?ic desc5t1 ,cordova _c be said to h be5 ! capital ( ,&alus1 = al?\gh x s]v$ z a place ( tempor>y resid5ce = "s ( _! k+s1 x 0 n1 prop]ly speak+1 ! c\rt ( ! empire4 ,by ! e/abli%m5t ( ,islam )9 x1 its importance increas$2 ! city became ! capital ( ! ,mohamm$an empire 9 ,spa9 & ! /ronghold ( ! family ( ,m]wan1#g ! two important cities ( ,seville & ,tol$o quickly ackn[l$g+ its pre-em95ce4 ,^u ! com+ ( ! ,b5i ,omeyyah1 its ,sultans exalt$ ,cordova above any city ( ,&alus1 by reason ( its conv5i5t situation & delightful temp]ature4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ,cordova became1 says ,el-,makk>i1 #8! meet+-place ( ! le>n$ f all c\ntries1 & ow+ to ! p[] & spl5d\r ( ! mighty dyna/y t rul$ ov] x1 x conta9$ m excell5ces ?an any o!r city on ! face ( ! e>?4' ,!re is a highly *>act]i/ic anecdote ( ! relative m]its ( ,cordova & ,seville1 ! ref9$ society ( ! "o city be+ devot$ to lit]ature1 :ile t ( ! o!r 0 d$icat$ to music4 #8,:5 a ri* man dies at ,seville1' says a native writ]1 #8& 8 heirs desire to sell 8 libr>y1 x is s5t to ,cordova = disposal2 :51 on ! o!r h&1 a musician dies at ,cordova & 8 in/rum5ts are to be sold1 ! cu/om is to s5d !m to ,seville4' ,a ,mohamm$an au?or ( ! twelf? c5tury ( our era1 ,al-hijr1 ,abu ,mohamm$1 wrote a description ( ,cordova 9 a volume call$ ,al-mi%ab1 #8,! ,*att]]1' 9 :i* he describes ! glories ( ! city4 #8,cordova1' says he1 #801 dur+ ! reign ( ! ,b5i-,m]wan1 ! cupola ( ,islam1 ! convocation ( s*ol>s1 ! c\rt ( ! ,sultans ( ! family ( ,omeyyah1 & ! resid5ce ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s tribes ( ,yem54 ,/ud5ts f all p>ts ( ! _w flock$ ?i!r at all times to le>n ! sci5ces ( :i* ,cordova 0 ! mo/ noble repository1 & to d]ive k f ! m\?s ( ! doctors & ulemas :o sw>m$ 9 x4 ,cordova is to ,&alus :at ! head is to ! body4 ,its riv] is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! _w1 n[ glid+ sl[ly ?r\gh level lawns1 or w9d+ s(tly across em]ald fields spr9kl$ ) fl[]s1 & s]v+ x = robes2 n[ fl[+ ?r\gh ?ickly plant$ groves1 :]e ! song ( birds res\nds p]petually 9 ! air1 & n[ wid5+ into a maje/ic /ream to imp>t its wat]s to ! num]\s :eels con/ruct$ on its banks1 communicat+ fre% vig\r to ! l&4' ,! ext5t ( anci5t ,cordova has be5 diff]5tly /at$1 ow+1 no d\bt1 to ! rapid increase ( its population & ! expansion ( ! build+s "u ! ,sultans ( ! dyna/y ( ,m]wan on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r1 to ! calamities & disa/]s by :i* x 0 afflict$ "u ! la/ sov]eigns ( t h\se4 ,cordova is fur!r describ$ by ,mohamm$an writ]s z a city :i* nev] ceas$ augm5t+ 9 size1 & increas+ 9 importance f ! "t ( its subjugation by ! ,moslems until ,a4,d4 #ajji-aj1 :51 civil w> break+ out )9 x1 ! capital fell f its anci5t spl5d\r1 gradually decay+ & los+ its =m] magnific5ce until its f9al de/ruction ,a4,d4 #abcf1 :5 x fell into ! h&s ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #a4 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,& ,,! ,,bridge ,,s\? ,,( ,,! ,,guadalquivir4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #b4 ,,! ,,bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #c4 ,,view ,,( ,,mosque ,,& ,,bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #d4 ,,! ,,iron ,,mill ,,on ,,! ,,guadalquivir4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #e4 ,,prom5ade ,,( 8,,gr& ,,capita9e40 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #f4 ,,m>ket ,,/reet ,,or ,,calle ,,de ,,la ,,f]ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #g4 ,,plaza ,,del ,,triunfo ,,& ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #h4 ,,entrance ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,city1 ,,! ,,column ,,( ,,triumph1 ,,& ,,! ,,mosque ,,f ,,! ,,bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #i4 ,,! ,,column ,,( ,,triumph4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aj4 ,,anci5t ,,arab ,,t[]1 ,,n[ ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/ ,,ni*olas ,,de ,,la ,,villa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aa4 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,san ,,nicolas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ab4 ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,& ,,patio ,,de ,,los ,,n>anjos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ac4 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,patio ,,de ,,los ,,n>anjos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ad4 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ae4 ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,city ,,f ,,! ,,bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #af4 ,,public ,,f\nta9 ,,9 ,,! ,,patio ,,de ,,los ,,n>anjos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ag4 ,,wom5 ,,at ,,! ,,spr+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ah4 ,,spr+ ,,9 ,,! ,,patio ,,de ,,los ,,n>anjos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ai4 ,,peasant ,,) ,,8 ,,donkey4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bj4 ,a ,,wat]-,,c>ri]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ba4 ,,! ,,poor ,,man',s ,,meal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bb4 ,,mulete]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bc4 ,a ,,g>d5]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bd4 ,,girl ,,) ,a ,,guit>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #be4 ,a ,,room ,,9 ,,! ,,prov9cial ,,museum4 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,roman ,,& ,,visigo? ,,section4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bf4 ,a ,,room ,,9 ,,! ,,prov9cial ,,museum4 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,arab ,,section4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bg4 ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,! ,,innoc5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bh4 ,,! ,,door ,,( ,,don ,,j],,nimo ,p,,ez4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #bi4 ,,! ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,f\ndl+ ,,hospital4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cj4 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,c>rahol4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ca4 ,,por* ,,( ,,/ ,,paul4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cb4 ,,anci5t ,,arab ,,walls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cc4 ,,mosaic ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,seasons1 ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,s4,s4 ,,luque1 ,,plaza ,,de ,,la ,,compania4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cd4 ,,ar*itectural ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,basilicas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ce4 ,,capitals ,,& ,,fragm5ts ,,( ,,ornam5tation ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cf4 ,,ar*itectural ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,basilicas ,,& ,,o!r ,,con/ructions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #cg4 ,,capitals ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,basilicas ,,pres]v$ ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,n[ ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ch4 ,,fragm5ts ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,basilicas ,,pres]v$ ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,n[ ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ci4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,*oir ,,& ,,high ,,alt>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dj4 ,,pulpit ,,& ,,/eps ,,( ,,! ,,high ,,alt>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #da4 ,,*oir ,,/alls ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque ,,or ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #db4 ,,left ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,*oir ,,/alls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dc4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,*oir ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque ,,or ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dd4 ,,! ,,bi%op',s ,,/all ,,9 ,,! ,,*oir ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,,or ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #de4 ,,c5tral ,,nave ,,9 ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #df4 ,,c5tral ,,nave ,,9 ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dg4 ,,c5tral ,,nave ,,9 ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #dh4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,! ,,arabs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #di4 ,,ii4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,,at ,,! ,,pres5t ,,"t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ej4 ,,! ,,bi%op',s ,,gate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ea4 ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,call$ ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,cam,,nigos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #eb4 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,mala ,,mu]te4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ec4 ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,transv]se ,,nave4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ed4 ,,nor? ,,angle ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,villaviciosa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ee4 ,,! ,,c5tral ,,nave ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ef4 ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,p>don4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #eg4 ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,p>don4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #eh4 ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,p>don4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ei4 ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,p>don4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fj4 ,,knock] ,,on ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,p>don4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fa4 ,,pr9cipal ,,nave ,,& ,,mihrab ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fb4 ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fc4 ,,int]ior ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,mosque 7,,f ,a ,,draw+74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fd4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fe4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ff4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fg4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fh4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #fi4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,villaviciosa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #gj4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ga4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #gb4 ,,lat]al ,,door ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #gc4 ,,! ,,villaviciosa ,,*apel ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #gd4 ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ge4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,portal ,,on ,,! ,,nor? ,,side1 ,,moori% ,,/yle1 ,,built ,,"u ,,hakem ,,iii41 #ihh-ajja4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #gf4 ,,*apel ,,( ,,tra/am>a1 ,,s\? ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #gg4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #gh4 ,,fa,,ade ,,& ,,gate ,,( ,,almanzor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #gi4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,elevation ,,( ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y ,,( ,,! ,,koran4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #hj4 ,,gate ,,correspond+ ,,to ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,,alhakem ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ha4 ,,portal ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #hb4 ,,arcade ,,( ,,! ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,ve/ibule ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #hc4 ,,arab ,,tribunal 7,,n[ ,,! ,,villaviciosa ,,*apel71 ,,left ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #hd4 ,,"r ,,lat]al ,,portal1 ,,)9 ,,! ,,prec9ct ,,( ,,! ,,maksurrah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #he4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,hall ,,( ,,*ocolate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #hf4 ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #hg4 ,,detail4 ,,ar*es ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #hh4 ,,detail ,,9 ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,maksurrah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #hi4 ,,mosaic ,,decoration ,,( ,,! ,,sanctu>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ij4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,maksurrah ,,& ,,/ ,,f]d9&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ia4 ,,detail ,,ne> ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ib4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ic4 ,,v]tical ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,dome ,,& ,,cupola ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #id4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,tra/am>a ,,*apel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ie4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,high] ,,"p ,,& ,,ro( ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,/ ,,f]d9&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #if4 ,,sections ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ig4 ,,sections ,,( ,,! ,,mosque ,,& ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ih4 ,,detail ,,9 ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,tra/am>a1 ,,s\? ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ii4 ,,detail ,,9 ,,! ,,angle ,,( ,,! ,,ar* ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab1 ,,left ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ajj4 ,,detail ,,9 ,,! ,,angle ,,( ,,! ,,ar* ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab1 ,,"r ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aja4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ajb4 ,,kufic ,,inscription ,,( ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,! ,,khalifate1 ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,an ,,excavation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ajc4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,kufic ,,inscription ,,9 ,,! ,,palace ,,appropriat$ ,,to ,,! ,,p]=mance ,,( ,,ablutions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ajd4 ,,arabian ,,inscriptions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aje4 ,,arabian ,,inscriptions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ajf4 ,,basem5t ,,panel ,,( ,,! ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ajg4 ,,m>ble ,,socle ,,9 ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ajh4 ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,san ,,p$ro1 ,,nor? ,,side1 ,,9 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aji4 ,a ,,gate ,,on ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,lat]al ,,sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aaj4 ,a ,,kufic ,,inscription ,,on ,,! ,,additions ,,made ,,to ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,khalif ,,al-,,hakem4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aaa4 ,a ,,kufic ,,inscription ,,on ,,! ,,additions ,,made ,,to ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,khalif ,,al-,,hakem4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aab4 ,,capitals4 ,,entrance ,,ar*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aac4 ,,detail ,,( ,a ,,frieze4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aad4 ,,detail ,,( ,a ,,cornice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aae4 ,,detail ,,( ,a ,,cornice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aaf4 ,,ea/]n ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,ext]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque1 ,,& ,,detail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aag4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,ar* ,,& ,,cupola ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aah4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,portals ,,( ,,! ,,maksurrah4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aai4 ,,section ,,& ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #abj4 ,,details ,,( ,,! ,,cupola ,,( ,,! ,,ve/ibule ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aba4 ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,p>don4 ,,! ,,bi%op',s ,,gate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #abb4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,tra/am>a ,,*apel4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,! ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,sultan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #abc4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mihrab4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,arab ,,arcade ,,above ,,! ,,fir/ ,,mihrab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #abd4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #abe4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,,san ,,f]n&o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #abf4 ,,gate ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #abg4 ,,pr9cipal ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #abh4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,tra/am>a ,,*apel1 ,,s\? ,,side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #abi4 ,,ea/]n ,,fa,,ade ,,( ,,! ,,mosque4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #acj4 ,,patio ,,de ,,los ,,n>anjos4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aca4 ,,calle ,,del ,,c>d9al ,,h]r]o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #acb4 ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #acc4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,pulpit ,,( ,,! ,,angel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #acd4 ,,! ,,mosque4 ,,pulpit ,,( ,,! ,,bull4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ace4 ,,ca!dral4 ,,*oir ,,/alls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #acf4 ,,ca!dral4 ,,pr9cipal ,,nave4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #acg4 ,,gate ,,( ,,/ ,,ca?>9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ach4 ,,alt> ,,( ,,san ,,rafael4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aci4 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,p,,ez4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #adj4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,roman ,,bridge ,,& ,,calahorra ,,ov] ,,! ,,guadalquivir1 ,,tak5 ,,f ,,! ,,arab ,,mill4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ada4 ,,calahorra ,,ca/le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #adb4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,roman ,,ca/le ,,( ,,! ,,calahorra4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #adc4 ,,entrance ,,gate ,,to ,,! ,,roman ,,bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #add4 ,,almod,,v> ,,gate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #ade4 ,,! ,,mills4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #adf4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,& ,,roman ,,bridge ,,ov] ,,! ,,guadalquivir4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #adg4 ,,grat+ ,,& ,,c\rt ,,( ,a ,,private ,,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #adh4 ,,av5ue ,,( ,,! ,,gr& ,,capta94 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #adi4 ,,di/rict ,,& ,,*ur* ,,( ,,san ,,lor5zo4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aej4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,bank ,,& ,,! ,,roman ,,bridge ,,ov] ,,! ,,guadalquivir4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aea4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,plaza ,,de ,,toros4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aeb4 ,,horticultural ,,g>d5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aec4 ,,! ,,bank ,,( ,,! ,,guadalquivir ,,f ,,! ,,bridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aed4 ,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,cordova4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aee4 ,,c\rty>d ,,( ,,an ,,inn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aef4 ,a ,,/reet ,,& ,,c\ntry ,,types4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aeg4 ,a ,,/reet ,,& ,,c\ntry ,,types4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aeh4 ,,anci5t ,,receptacle ,,= ,,wat] ,,( ,,m$9a ,,az-,,zahira1 #aj,,? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #aei4 ,,cordova ,specially drawn = ,! ,spani% ,s]ies ,,footnotes3 #a ,x is said t _m ( ! pill>s 7 br\ght f ! plund] ( ,n>bonne1 ! ,fr5* t[n on ! ,m$it]ranean4 #b ,! new ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 d$icat$ to ,,ss4 ,fau/us & ,m>cial4 ,! prie/s quitt$ _! ,ca!dral peacefully1 be>+ 9 procession ! relics & images ( ! sa9ts4 #c ,! maksurrah is a scre5 or enclosure surr\nd+ ! mih-rab1 ) a sort ( ?rone or plat=m :]e ! ,sultan sits1 elevat$ above ! level ( ! ,mosque4 ,! :ole ( t space :i* 0 tak5 up by ! maksurrah is n[ occupi$ by ! *apel ( ,/4 ,e/evan4 #d ,! mih-rab is a recess hav+ a cavity )9 "o ( its walls1 :]e9 /ood t copy ( ! ,koran held 9 highe/ v5]ation4 ,! cavity also m>k$ t po9t ( ! compass t[>ds :i* /&s ! ,ka'bah1 ! object ( v5]ation at ,mecca4 #e ,! f\r columns are yet 9 place 9 :at is n[ ! *apel ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,beh9d ! mih-rab at ,cordova 0 a room :]e o!r copies ( ! ,koran 7 kept4 ,bo? ! sanctu>y1 & ! mih-rab room1 n[ =m "p ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,*apel1 :i* ! inhabitants vulg>ly call ,la ,capilla del ,zanc>ron--! *apel ( ! %9-bone--f a popul> belief t ! %9-bone ( ! ,prophet 0 !re pres]v$4 #f ,foseyfasa4--,gayangos tells u t ! ^w is n 9 ! diction>ies1 b t1 accord+ to an old ,arabian writ]1 x is a sub/ance ( glass & small pebbles cru%$ & bak$ toge!r1 unit+1 ) great v>iety ( col\r1 great brilliancy & beauty2 x is sometimes mix$ ) silv] & gold4 ,"o ( ! conditions ( peace grant$ to ! ,emp]or ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,khalif ,al-walid 0 t ! ,emp]or %\ld provide a c]ta9 quantity ( foseyfasa or enamell$ "w = ! great ,mosque at ,damascus4 ,idrs1 9 8 description ( ! ,mosque ( ,cordova1 says t ! enamel :i* cov]$ ! walls ( ! mih-rab came f ,con/ant9ople4 #g ,m]wan1 ! la/ ,khalif at ,damascus ( ! ,b5i ,omeyyah dyna/y1 0 ! ance/or ( ,abd-er-,rahman ,i4