,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,footnote an*ors are d5ot$ by numb]1 & ! footnotes h be5 plac$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,basic fractions are display$ z etc2 o!r fractions are %[n 9 ! =m a_/b1 = example #c_/aj or #a-a_/g4 ,"s m9or *anges to ! text are not$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate #a4 7,figs4 #a to #af7 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,pyrote*ny2 ,,or1 ,a ,,famili> ,,sy/em ,,( ,recreative ,fire-,works4 ,,by ,g4 ,w4 ,,mortim]4 ,admotam rapiunt vivacia sulfura flammam4 ,,ovid4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,w4 ,,simpk9 ,r4 ,,m>%all1 ,,/ation]s' ,,hall ,,c\rt1 ,,ludgate ,,/reet4 ,,mdcccxxiv4 ,w4 ,,tyl]1 ,,pr9t]1 #e1 ,,bridgewat] ,,squ>e4 ,,preface4 ,! ,introduction prefix$ to ! foll[+ little ,manual sup]s$es ! necessity ( an ext5d$ ,preface1 & leaves little m to be m5tion$ ?an ! design & occasion ( ! "w4 ,! design ( x is to be a useful assi/ant to ^? :o are fond ( a rational & sci5tific amusem5t1 & ! occasion ( x arises f ! great sc>city & g5]al difficulty ( procur+ any "w on ! subject2 none hav+ appe>$ wor?y ( notice s9ce t publi%$ by ,lieut5ant ,rob]t ,jones1 9 #agfj1 & ^? by ! ,fr5* ,arti/s m5tion$ 9 our ,introduction4 ,9 didactic p>ticul>s ! ,au?or has occasionally avail$ himself ( ! language ( ! be/ writ]s1 :]e su* has be5 corroborat$ by subsequ5t exp]i5ce4 ,p]spicuity has be5 a p>ticul> object ?r\gh ! "w1 & :5 te*nical t]ms h be5 us$ !y are g5]ally foll[$ by famili> explications1 & ! ,au?or feels assur$ t ! :ole w be f\nd p]fectly intelligible to e read]4 ,to exp]i5c$ ,pyrote*ni/s ?is little "w _c be expect$ to af=d mu* additional in=mation1 yet to !m x may conta9 "s little p>ticul>s n kn[n to !m be=e1 :i* f _! practical utility x is hop$ w prove acceptable4 ,! ,au?or publi%es ?is little "w1 ) ! desire t x may prove a useful assi/ant to ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples ( ! art on :i* x treats4 ,if 9 any way x %\ld contribute to ?is purpose1 an apology = obtrud+ x ^u ! ,public w c]ta9ly be unnecess>y4 ,janu>y #a/1 #ahbd4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,introduction #a ,,section ,i4 ,hi/ory & description ( ,gunp[d] #aj ,,section ,,ii4 ,mat]ials #bi ,nitre ibid4 ,sulphur #cb ,to purify ,sulphur #cd ,*>coal ibid4 ,/eel-du/ #ce ,to prep>e ,iron-s& #cg ,second me?od ibid4 ,oil ( ,camphor #dj ,b5zo9 ibid4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,app>atus #db ,gr9d+ ,ma*9es #dc ,ano!r me?od ( ,gr9d+ #dd ,me?od ( ,mix+ ! ,+r$i5ts #de ,,section ,,iv4 ,description & ,v>iety ( ,fire-works #dg ,t\*-pap] #dh ,to make ,t\*-pap] ibid4 ,quick-mat* #di ,to make ,quick-mat*es2 & composition = ditto #ej ,port-,fires #ea ,compositions = ditto #eb ,port-fires = ,illum9ations #ec ,lead]s1 or ,pipes ( ,communication ibid4 ,application ( ditto #ed ,,section ,v4 ,( s+le ,fire-works #eg ,s]p5ts ibid4 ,crack]s #ei ,p9 :eels #fa ,/>s #fc ,/rung ,/>s #fd ,tail$ ,/>s #fe ,driv5 ,/>s ibid4 ,roll$ ,/>s #f ,sp>ks #fh ,ano!r me?od ( mak+ ditto #fi ,m>roons ibid4 ,con/ruction #gj ,saucissons ibid4 ,batt]ies ( ,m>roons1 c4 #ga ,g]bes #gb ,small ,g]bes #ge ,roman ,c&les #gf ,*9ese ,fire #gi ,composition = ditto1 ,r$ & ,:ite ibid4 ,,section ,,vi4 ,rockets #ha ,sky ,rockets #hc ,dim5sions ( ,rockets #hh ,calibre & ,weight ( ,rockets #hi ,calibre ( ,m\lds #ij ,rem>ks on ! =ego+ ,tables #ia ,prep>+ ! ,c>tridges #ic ,fill+ & ,ramm+ ! ,cases #if ,directions = ditto #ig ,prep>+ & fix+ ! pots to ! ,heads ( ,rockets #aja ,table = ! ,l5g? & ,proportion ( ,rods #aje ,tables ( ,composition = ,rockets #ajf ,to cause a ,rocket to asc5d 9 a ,spiral =m #aji ,t[]+ ,rockets #aaj ,honor>y ,rockets #aaa ,caduceus ,rockets #aab ,signal ,rockets #aac ,table ,rockets #aae ,scrolls = ,rockets #aaf ,c\rant9es1 or ,l9e ,rockets #aag ,revolv+ ,c\rant9es #aba ,to repres5t by ,rockets v>i\s =ms 9 ! air #abb ,to cause a ,rocket to =m an arc 9 ris+ #abh ,to fire ,rockets )\t ,rods #abd ,!ory ( ! flight ( ,rockets #abe ,,section ,,vii4 ,tables ( v>i\s compositions #acj ,,section ,,viii4 ,comp\nd ,fire-,works #aci ,gir&ole *e/s ( ,s]p5ts ibid4 ,gir&ole *e/s ( ,rockets #ada ,pots des ,br9s #adb ,jets ( ,fire #adc ,*9ese ,f\nta9 #ade ,pyramid ( ,fl[] ,pots #adf ,:eels #adi ,ditto s+le ,horizontal #aej ,ditto ,plural #aeb ,:eels ,spiral #aeb ,ditto ,ditto ,illum9at$ #aec ,ditto ,balloon #aed ,ditto ,gr\nd #aee ,ditto ,horizontal *ang$ to a ,v]tical #aef ,ditto ,v]tical ,scroll #aeh ,ditto rem>ks on ibid4 ,fir tree1 to repres5t #aei ,yew tree ( ,brilliant ,fire #afj ,fix$ ,fire ,globes #afa ,globes :i* leap or roll on ! gr\nd ibid4 ,moon & sev5 ,/>s #afd ,suns1 fix$ & moveable #afe ,composition = repres5t+ ,animals & o!r devices 9 fire #afh ,aquatic fire-works ibid4 ,fire f\nta9 = ! wat] #agj ,conclusion #agb ,illu/ration3 7,figs4 #ag to #bi7 ,introduction4 ,! t]m ,pyrote*ny is d]iv$ f pyr & te*ny1 ! two ,greek words = ,,fire & ,,art2 or x is ! art ( employ+ fire = purposes ( utility or pleasure4 ,! t]m has be5 appli$ by "s writ]s to ! use & /ructure ( fire-arms1 & ,artill]y employ$ 9 ! art ( w>f>e2 b 9 ! pres5t publication1 we %all take a diff]5t view ( ! subject2 = we c see no amusem5t 9 ! motion ( a bullet1 :i* decimates s _m ( our fell[-creatures1 nor 9 ! action ( a bomb-%ell1 t c>ries ) x m dreadful deva/ations4 ,we %all conf9e ourselves 9 ?is ,"w to a m pleas+ application ( fire1 & endeav\r to give pla9 & effici5t rules = ! safe managem5t ( t elem5t1 & = ! mak+1 by means ( gunp[d]1 & o!r inflammable sub/ances1 v>i\s compositions1 agreeable to ! eye1 bo? by _! =m & spl5dor1 & to describe e pr9cipal article & in/rum5t made use ( 9 ^! pleas+ op]ations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 our ,"w does n pret5d to dictate an orig9al set ( rules & receipts1 = ^? :o t]m !mselves ,arti/s 9 ,fire-works1 ^: exclusive bus9ess x is to manufacture ! diff]5t articles on :i* x treats2 to ^?1 x is expect$ x w yield b little in/ruction2 b1 to ! scioli/ic ,tyro 9 ! ,art1 x is int5d$ 7z its title expresses7 to be a ,manual ( ,pyrote*ny1 & to treat ( fire-works z objects ( rational amusem5t2 to describe 9 a p]spicu\s mann] ! mat]ials & app>atus made use ( 9 _! con/ruction2 & to select su* examples ( _! p>ticul> comb9ations1 z are calculat$ r = private div]sion ?an public exhibition4 ,! directions h]e9 giv5 7if /rictly att5d$ to7 w enable y\? to gratify _! ta/e = ?is species ( recreation at a comp>atively small exp5se1 & at ! same "t w gu>d !m aga9/ ^? accid5ts :i* (t5 arise to ! ignorant1 9 fir+ ! l>g] works pur*as$ f ! mak]s2 & ?r\gh\t ! :ole x w /rictly obs]ve a pr9ciple ( economy1 ! neglect ( :i* has s frequ5tly ret>d$ ! op]ations ( g5ius4 ,9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ,pyrote*ny1 our k is v limit$4 ,! ,*9ese are said to h be5 ! fir/ p :o _h any practical k ( x1 or br\ght ! art to any degree ( p]fection2 ) !m ! use ( fire-works is said to h be5 v g5]al1 long be=e !y 7 kn[n 9 ,european c\ntries2 & f acc\nts giv5 ( "s rec5t exhibitions at ,pek91 x %\ld seem t !y h atta9$ to a degree ( p]fection n surpass$ by any ( our mod]n arti/s3 ,mr4 ,b>r[1 9 8 8,travels 9 ,*9a0 gives1 f ! ,j\rnal ( ,"l ,mac>tney1 ! foll[+ description ( "o ( _! exhibitions3 8,! fire-works1 9 "s p>ticul>s10 says he1 8exce$$ any ?+ ( ! k9d ,i _h ev] se54 ,9 gr&eur1 magnific5ce1 & v>iety1 !y 71 ,i own1 inf]ior to ! ,*9ese fire-works we _h se5 at ,batavia1 b inf9itely sup]ior 9 po9t ( novelty1 neatness1 & +5uity ( contrivance4 ,"o piece ( ma*9]y ,i greatly admir$3 a gre5 *e/1 five feet squ>e1 0 hoi/$ up by a pulley fifty or sixty feet f ! gr\nd1 ! bottom ( :i* 0 s contriv$ z !n sudd5ly to fall out1 & make way = tw5ty or ?irty /r+s ( lant]ns1 inclos$ 9 a box1 to desc5d f x1 unfold+ !mselves f "o ano!r by degrees1 s z at la/1 to =m a collection ( full five hundr$1 ea* hav+ a light ( a beautifully col\r$ flame burn+ brightly )9 x4 ,?is devolution & developm5t ( lant]ns 7 sev]al times repeat$1 & at e "t exhibit+ a diff]5ce ( col\r & figure4 ,on ea* side 0 a correspond5ce ( small] boxes1 :i* op5$ 9 l mann] z ! o!r1 & let d[n an imm5se net-"w ( fire1 ) divisions & comp>tm5ts ( v>i\s =ms & dim5sions1 r\nd & squ>e1 hexagons1 octagons1 c4 :i* %one l ! brighte/ burni%$ copp]1 & fla%$ l prismatic lightn+s1 ) e impulse ( ! w9d4 ,! :ole conclud$ ) a volcano1 or g5]al explosion & dis*>ge ( suns & />s1 squibs1 crack]s1 rockets1 & gr5ads1 :i* involv$ ! g>d5s = an h\r 9 a cl\d ( intol]able smoke40 ,! div]sity ( col\r1 ) :i* ! ,*9ese h ! secret ( clo?+ _! fire1 seems "o ( ! *ief m]its ( _! 8,pyrote*ny20 & :i* alone w\ld set !m ^u an equal foot+ ) ! ,europeans4 ,x is to !m1 no d\bt1 t we are indebt$ = ! discov]y ( t beautiful composition1 :i* is /ill kn[n by ! "n ( ! 8,*9ese fire30 & to !m we are likewise indebt$1 = ! me?od ( repres5t+ ) fire1 t pleas+ & p]petual v>iety ( figures1 :i* 7:5 judici\sly arrang$7 seem to emulate 9 spl5d\r ^? endless beauties1 :i* adorn our cele/ial hemisph]e4 ,9 ,europe1 ! ,flor5t9es are said to h be5 ! fir/ p t ga9$ a k ( ! inv5tion1 &1 we h reason to ?9k x 0 n long aft] ! discov]y ( ! use ( gunp[d] & fire-arms1 ab\t ! end ( ! ?irte5?1 or beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 we say ! use ( gunp[d]1 or application ( x to fire-arms1 = we believe ! discov]y ( x to be ( mu* e>li] date1 ?an :at is g5]ally giv5 to x3 &1 :e!r ! inv5tion ( ! art ( fire-works is n coeval ) t ( gunp[d]1 is a "q n ov]-bur!n$ ) improbability4 ,! ,fr5* h publi%$ sev]al treatises on ,pyrote*ny1 su* z ! 8,trait des ,feux d',artifice p\r le spectacle et p\r la ,gu]re10 by ,p]r9et d',orval4 ,! ,manuel d',artifici]1 by ,fa!r d',inc>ville1 & sev]al o!rs ( ! l nature3 9 "s ( :i*1 !y atta* to ! ,*9ese a v e>ly k ( ! art1 & consequ5tly ! composition ( gunp[d]1 or at lea/ ! effects ( a simil> comb9ation1 0 n entirely unkn[n to !m4 ,b z ! ,fr5* ga9$ _! k ( ! art f ! ,italians1 !y may probably be 9 an error respect+ its inv5tion3 :e!r !y are or n1 x w h b a negative effect on ! pres5t ,"w4 ,trac+ its progress to ,engl&1 we %all endeav\r to give z good a del9eation ( ! /ate 9 :i* x n[ exi/s1 z ! nature ( our ,"w w admit2 suppos+ x to be mu* ne>] p]fection ?an :5 9 its e>li] /ages1 = we believe ! ,engli% import no?+ b :at !y improve4 ,an art :i* furni%es su* an ext5sive field = amusem5t1 r$uc$ to pla9 & simple rules1 dige/$ 9 a famili> mann]1 7:i* ! mo/ limit$ capacities w be able to und]/&17 _c fail to be ent]ta9+ to e admir] ( sci5tific amusem5t4 ,x has be5 regrett$ by _m t no publication ( a l nature is n[ extant2 & a celebrat$ writ]1 long kn[n to ! popul> read]1 has ev5 said1 t 8! ,engli% h no respectable "w on ! subject40 ,h[ f> ! pres5t w supply su* a desid]atum mu/ be left = ! c&id read] to det]m9e4 ,! ,au?or w\ld wi% x to be und]/ood1 t al?\gh he has conduct$ "s "p ( 8 ,"w ^u ma!matical pr9ciples1 x is n int5d$ z a p]fect philosophical "w on ! subject1 b z an attempt to embody into "o small volume1 all t has hi!rto be5 writt5 on ! subject2 & if f :i*1 ! ,pyrote*nic ,tyro receive any assi/ance = ! atta9m5t ( an ,art1 :i* has = its object su* an endless s\rce ( ent]ta9m5t1 ! ,au?or's purpose w be positively realiz$4 ,?\gh v mu* protract$1 we _c close our ,introduction )\t obs]v+1 t few spectacles are m beautiful or m calculat$ = ent]ta9m5t1 ?an a well-conduct$ display ( fire-works1 9 :i* are exhibit$ su* v>i\s bodies1 s brilliantly illum9at$1 & arrang$ 9 ! mo/ v>iegat$ =ms3 sometimes produc+ surpris+ & unexpect$ manations1 mov+ ) velocity ?r\gh ! air1 ?r[+ out innum]able sp>ks or blaz+ balls1 :i* fly (f into ! inf9ity ( space3 o!rs sudd5ly explod+1 scatt] abroad lum9\s fragm5ts ( fire1 :i* are traject$ ) ! mo/ spe$y trepidation3 & aga91 o!rs are revolv+ on a quiesc5t c5tre1 & by _! revolutions produce ! mo/ beautiful circles ( fire1 :i* seem to vie ) ea* o!r 9 _! emanations ( spl5d\r & light4 ,su* is a fa9t del9eation ( ! v>i\s effects :i* are producible by fire1 & = :i* we %all endeav\r to give e requisite in/ruction2 & = prep>+ ! mo/ pleas+ g>bs1 9 :i* ?is elem5t may be pres5t$4 ,,manual1 c4 ,,section ,i4 ,,( ,,gunp[d]4 ,be=e we ent] into ! practical "p ( ,pyrote*ny1 we deem x consi/5t ) ! nature ( our ,"w to give an ample description ( ! mat]ials made use (2 = we d n take x = grant$ t all our read]s are *emi/s1 or t !y are suffici5tly v]s$ 9 t sci5ce to r5d] su* description unnecess>y4 ,b be=e ! pr9ciples ( ! art c be well und]/ood1 or successfully appli$1 x is prop] t ! arti/ %\ld possess a portion ( *emical & me*anical k2 ! fir/ w tea* him to select 8 mat]ials ) judgm5t1 to free !m f impurities1 & comb9e !m 9 ! proportions mo/ suitable = ea* p>ticul> purpose2 & ! latt] w assi/ him 9 con/ruct+ 8 diff]5t pieces s z to produce ! desir$ effect ) ! lea/ loss ( "t & =ce4 ,! me*anical app>atus we %all def] describ+ till !y come imm$iately "u h&1 & su* protraction we ?9k w be conducive to a bett] und]/&+ ( _! utility3 &1 9 "s o!r ,section1 we %all tea* him to calculate ! direction :i* ! fly+ fire-works 7f _! pr9ciples ( con/ruction7 are to move1 & ! velocity ) :i* !y are to proce$4 ,gunp[d] is ! pr9cipal +r$i5t made use ( 9 ,pyrote*ny2 &1 be+ ( itself a comp\nd1 we %all make x ! fir/ object ( description1 & endeav\r to po9t out ! cause ( e prop]ty x possesses4 ,! inv5tion ( x is ascrib$1 by ,polydore ,virgil1 to a *emi/1 :o accid5tally put "s ( ! composition1 viz4 nitre1 sulphur1 & *>coal into a mort>1 & cov]$ x ) a /one1 :5 x happ5$ to take fire1 &1 :at 0 a natural 7?\gh unexpect$7 consequ5ce ( su* comb9ation1 x %att]$ ! /one to pieces4 ,!vet says1 ! p]son "h spok5 ( 0 a monk ( ,frib\rg1 nam$ ,con/ant9e ,anelz52 b ,belle=et1 & o!r au?ors1 ) m probability1 suppose him to be ,b>?oldus ,s*w>tz1 or ! ,black1 :o discov]$ x1 z "s say1 ab\t ! ye> #acbj2 & ! fir/ use ( x is ascrib$ to ! ,v5etians 9 ! ye> #achj1 dur+ ! w> ) ! ,g5oese2 & x is said to h fir/ be5 employ$ 9 a place anci5tly call$ ,fossa ,clodia1 n[ ,*ioggia1 aga9/ ,lawr5ce de ,m$icis2 & t all ,italy made compla9ts aga9/ x1 z a manife/ contrav5tion ( fair w>f>e4 ,b ?is acc\nt is contradict$1 & ,gunp[d] %ewn to be ( an e>li] era1 = ! ,moors1 :5 !y 7 besieg$ 9 #acdc by ,alphonsus ,,xi4 ,k+ ( ,ca/ile1 are said to h dis*>g$ a sort ( iron mort>s ^u !m1 :i* made a noise l ?und]2 & ?is ass]tion is second$ by :at ,don ,p$ro1 bi%op ( ,leon1 relates ( ,k+ ,alphonsus1 :o r$uc$ ,tol$o1 viz4 8t 9 a sea-combat betwe5 ! ,k+ ( ,tunis1 & ! ,moori% ,k+ ( ,seville1 ab\t f\r hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago1 ^? ( ,tunis _h c]ta9 iron tubes or b>rels1 :]e) !y ?rew ?und]-bolts ( fire40 ,f>!r1 x appe>s t our ,rog] ,bacon knew ( ,gunp[d] ne> a hundr$ ye>s be=e ,s*w>tz 0 born4 ,t excell5t fri> tells u1 9 8 treatise1 8,de ,secretis ,op]ibus ,artis ,natur1 de ,nullitate ,magi10 t f salt-petre1 & o!r +r$i5ts1 we are able to make a fire t %all burn at :at di/ance we please2 & ! writ] ( ! life ( ,fri> ,bacon says1 t ,bacon himself has divulg$ ! secret ( ?is composition 9 a cyph]1 by transpos+ ! lett]s ( ! two words 9 *ap4 xi4 ( ! above-cit$ treatise1 :]e x is ?us express$2 8s$ tam5 salis petr lura mope c ubre1 7i4 e4 c>bonum pulv]e7 et sulphuris2 et sic facies tonitrum corruscationem1 si scias artificium30 & f h5ce ,bacon's biograph] appreh5ds ! words c>bonum pulv]e 7 transf]r$ to ! six? *apt] ( ,dr4 ,longba9's ,,ms4 ,9 ?is same *apt] ,bacon expressly says1 t s\nds l ?und]1 & coruscations1 may be =m$ 9 ! air1 mu* m horrible ?an ^? t happ5 naturally4 ,he adds1 t !re are _m ways ( do+ ?is1 by :i* a city or an army might be de/roy$2 & he supposes t1 by an artifice ( ?is k9d1 ,gideon defeat$ ! ,midianites ) only ?ree hundr$ m51 7,judges1 *ap4 #g?47 ,!re is only ano!r passage to ! same purpose1 9 8 treatise 8,de ,sci5tia ,exp]im5talia30 see ,dr4 ,jebb's edition ( ! ,opus ,magus1 p4 #dgd4 ,mr4 ,rob9s appreh5ds 7see ! preface to 8 ,tracts17 t ,bacon describes ,gunp[d]1 n z a new composition fir/ propos$ by himself1 b z ! application ( an old "o to milit>y purposes1 & t x 0 kn[n long be=e ?is "t4 ,dr4 ,jebb1 9 8 preface to ! above-cit$ "w1 describes two k9ds ( fire-works2 "o = fly+1 inclos$ 9 a case or c>t\*e1 made long & sl5d]1 & fill$ ) ! composition closely ramm$1 l our mod]n rocket1 & ! o!r ?ick & %ort1 /rongly ti$ at bo? ends1 & half fill$1 resembl+ our crack]2 & ! composition :i* he prescribes = bo?1 is two p\nds ( *>coal1 "o p\nd ( sulphur1 & six p\nds ( salt-petre1 well p[d]$ & mix$ toge!r 9 a /one mort>4 ,mr4 ,dut5s 9 8 8,inquiry into ! ,orig9 ( ! discov]ies attribut$ to ! mod]ns10 c>ries ! antiquity ( ,gunp[d] mu* high]2 & ref]s to ! acc\nts giv5 by ,virgil1 ,hyg9us1 ,eu/a?ius1 ,val]ius ,flaccus1 & _m o!r writ]s ( ! same date4 ,to close ?is t$i\s detail1 we w m5tion "o m "w1 :i* seems to confirm ! antiquity ( ?is composition1 viz4 ! 8,code ( ,g5too ,laws10 #aggf2 9 ! preface ( :i* x is ass]t$1 t ,gunp[d] 0 kn[n to ! inhabitants ( ,h9do/an1 f> beyond all p]iods ( inve/igation4 ,hav+ said ?us mu* conc]n+ ! hi/ory & antiquity ( ?is wond]ful composition1 x rema9s = u to describe ! me?od by :i* x is n[ manufactur$3 b to reta9 t gradatum1 or progressive ord]1 ) :i* we comm5c$ our ,"w1 x is necess>y t we fir/ describe ! +r$i5ts ( :i* x is compos$2 = x is only by a k ( ! p>ts ( any composition1 t we c ga9 a good und]/&+ ( ! prop]ties ( ! :ole4 ,!re are only ?ree +r$i5ts t ent] into ! composition ( ,gunp[d]2 ^! are ,salt-petre1 ,sulphur1 & ,*>coal4 ,! fir/ is a comb9ation ( ,nitric ,acid#a & ,pota%1#b & is bett] kn[n 9 mod]n *emi/ry by ! "n ( ,nitrate ( ,pota%4 ,! second is a sub/ance v well kn[n1 f ! inflammable prop]ties x possesses2 x is f\nd alone1 or comb9$ ) o!r bodies1 9 v>i\s situations2 9 volcanic productions x is f\nd almo/ 9 its la/ degree ( purity3 x is f\nd also1 9 ! /ate ( sulphuric acid2 t is to say1 comb9$ ) oxyg53 x is f\nd 9 ?is /ate 9 argil1#c gypsum1#d c4 & x may be likewise extract$ f vegetable sub/ances & animal matt]4 ,! ?ird & la/1 is an article s well kn[n 9 comm]ce1 t x is almo/ ne$less to describe x2 we %all !re=e only obs]ve1 t ! ,*>coal f\nd to be be/ = ! composition ( ,gunp[d]1 is t made f ! ald]1 will[1 or black dog-wood4 ,?is p[]ful composition is a mixture ( ^! ?ree +r$i5ts1 comb9$ 9 ! foll[+ proportions3 = ea* #ajj p>ts ( ,gunp[d]1 salt-petre #ge p>ts1 sulphur #aj1 & *>coal #ae4 ,9 "s c\ntries1 ! proportions are some:at diff]5t2 b ?is is ! comb9ation made use ( by mo/ ( ! ,engli% manufactur]s4 ,! salt-petre is ei!r t import$ f ! ,ea/ ,indies1 or t :i* has be5 extract$ f damag$ ,gunp[d]4 ,x is ref9$ by solution1 filtration1 evaporation1 & cry/allization2 aft] :i* x is fus$1 tak+ c>e t too mu* heat is n employ$1 or !re is dang] ( decompos+ ! nitre4 ,! sulphur us$ is t :i* is import$ f ,sicily1 & is ref9$ by melt+ & skimm+2 ! mo/ impure is ref9$ by sublimation4 ,! *>coal is made 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! wood is fir/ cut into pieces ( ab\t n9e in*es 9 l5g?1 & put into an iron cyl9d] plac$ horizontally4 ,! front ap]ture ( ! cyl9d] is !n closely /opp$3 at ! o!r end !re are pipes connect$ ) casks4 ,fire be+ made "u ! cyl9d]1 ! pyro-ligne\s acid#e comes ov]4 ,! gas escapes1 & ! acid liquor is collect$ 9 ! casks3 ! fire is kept up till no m gas or liquid comes ov]1 & ! c>bon#f rema9s 9 ! cyl9d]4 ,! ?ree +r$i5ts be+ prop]ly prep>$1 are ready = manufactur+4 ,!y are fir/ sep>ately gr\nd into a f9e p[d]1 !n mix$ 9 ! prop] proportions1 & aft]w>ds committ$ to ! mill = ! purpose ( incorporat+ _! compon5t p>ts4 ,! p[d]-mill is a slight wood5 build+1 ) a bo>d$ ro(1 s t 9 case ( accid5tal explosions1 ! ro( may fly (f )\t difficulty1 & 9 ! lea/ injuri\s direction1 & ?us be ! means ( pres]v+ ! o!r p>ts ( ! build+4 ,! op]ative p>ts ( ! mill consi/ ( two /ones plac$ v]tically1 & runn+ on ano!r plac$ horizontally1 :i* is call$ ! b$-/one1 or tr\gh4 ,on ?is b$-/one1 ab\t =ty or fifty p\nds ( ! composition are spread out1 & moi/5$ ) wat] till r$uc$ to ab\t ! consi/5cy ( a v /iff pa/e3 aft] ! /one-runn]s h made ! prop] revolutions ov] x1 :i* requires ab\t eight h\rs cont9u$ action ( ! mill1 :i* is work$ sometimes by horses1 & sometimes by wat]1 x is !n tak5 f ! mill1 & s5t to ! corn+-h\se1 to be corn$ or gra9$4 ,"h x is =m$ into h>d lumps1 & ^! are put into circul> sieves1 ) p>*m5t bottoms1 p]=at$ ) holes ( diff]5t sizes1 & fix$ 9 a frame connect$ ) a horizontal :eel4 ,ea* ( ^! sieves is also furni%$ ) a runn] or sph]oid ( lignum vit1 :i*1 be+ set 9 motion by ! action ( ! :eels1 =ces ! pa/e ?r\gh ! holes ( ! p>*m5t bottom1 =m+ gra9s ( diff]5t sizes4 ,! gra9s are !n sep>at$ f ! du/ by sieves & reels made = t purpose4 ,! gra9s are next h>d5$1 & ! r\gh] edges are tak5 (f by %ak+ !m = "s "t 9 a close reel1 mov$ 9 a circul> direction ) a prop] velocity4 ,:5 ! p[d] has be5 corn$1 du/$1 & glaz$1 x is dri$ 9 ! /ove-h\se1 :]e great c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid explosion4 ,! /ove-h\se is a squ>e ap>tm5t1 ?ree sides ( :i* are furni%$ ) %elves or cases1 on prop] supports1 arrang$ r\nd ! room2 & ! f\r? conta9s a l>ge ca/-iron vessel1 call$ a 8gloom10 :i* projects into ! room1 & is heat$ f ! outside1 s t no "p ( ! fuel may t\* ! p[d]4 ,= great] security aga9/ sp>ks by accid5tal friction1 ! glooms are cov]$ ) %eet-copp]1 & are always cool :5 ! p[d] is put 9 or tak5 out ( ! room4 ,"h ! gra9s are ?or\ghly dri$1 los+ 9 ! process :at rema9s ( ! wat] add$ to ! mixture 9 ! mill1 = br++ x to a work+ /iffness4 ,a me?od ( dry+ p[d]1 by /eam-pipes runn+ r\nd & cross+ ! ap>tm5t1 has be5 successfully tri$2 & ?us ! possibility ( any injuri\s accid5t f ov]-heat+ is prev5t$4 ,! temp]ature ( ! room1 :5 heat$ 9 ! common way by a gloom-/ove1 is always regulat$ by a !rmomet] hung 9 ! door ( ! /oves4 ,if ,gunp[d] is injur$ by damp 9 a small degree1 x may be recov]$ by aga9 dry+ x 9 a /ove2 b if ! +r$i5ts are decompos$1 ! nitre mu/ be extract$ by boil+1 filt]+1 evaporat+1 cry/alliz+1 c4 & !n1 ) fre% sulphur & *>coal1 to be re-manufactur$4 ,!re are sev]al me?ods ( prov+ & try+ ! goodness & /r5g? ( ,gunp[d]4 ,! foll[+1 z common me?ods1 are frequ5tly made use (4 #a1 ,by sight2 = if x be too black1 x is too moi/1 or has too mu* *>coal 9 x2 s also if rubb$ ^u :ite pap]1 x black5s x m ?an good p[d] does4 #b1 ,by t\*2 = if 9 cru%+ ) y\r f+]-ends1 ! gra9s break easy1 & turn into du/1 )\t feel+ h>d1 x has too mu* *>coal 9 x2 or if 9 press+ "u y\r f+]s ^u a smoo?1 h>d bo>d1 "s gra9s feel h>d] ?an ! re/1 or1 z x 71 d5t y\r f+]-ends1 ! sulphur is n well mix$ ) ! nitre1 & ! p[d] is bad4 ,& also by burn+1 9 :i* me?od1 little heaps ( p[d] are laid on :ite pap] ?ree or f\r in*es asund]1 & "o ( !m fir$2 :i*1 if ! flame asc5d rapidly1 & ) a good report1 leav+ ! pap] free f :ite spots1 & )\t burn+ holes 9 x1 & if sp>ks fly (f & set fire to ! adjo9+ heaps1 ! quality ( ! p[d] may be safely reli$ on2 b if o!rwise1 x is ei!r badly made1 or ! +r$i5ts are impure4 ,^! are "s f among ! common me?ods made use ( = ?is purpose2 b = great] accuracy 9 det]m9+ ! relative /r5g? ( ,gunp[d]1 v>i\s ma*9es h ( late be5 inv5t$ by m5 connect$ ) milit>y affairs4 ,t excell5t ma!matician & philosoph]1 ,c4 ,hutton1 ,,ll4,d4 ,f4,r4,s4 & late ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics 9 ! ,royal ,milit>y ,academy1 ,woolwi*1 has con/ruct$ a ma*9e = ?is purpose1 :i*1 = conv5i5ce & accuracy1 f> surpasses any ?+ ( ! k9d hi!rto inv5t$4 ,x is call$ ,epr\vette1 or a ,gunp[d] ,prov]1 7= plans & description see ?ird vol4 ,hutton's ,tracts1 page #aec27 & f its possess+ s _m peculi> advantages1 is n[ g5]ally us$4 ,x consi/s ( a small cannon1 ! bore ( :i* is ab\t "o in* 9 diamet]1 susp5d$ freely l a p5dulum1 ) ! axis 9 a horizontal direction4 ,?is be+ *>g$ ) ! prop] quantity ( p[d]1 :i* is usually ab\t two ounces1 & !n fir$1 ! gun sw+s or recoils backw>d1 & ! in/rum5t itself %ews ! ext5t ( ! fir/ or greate/ vibration1 :i* indicates ! /r5g? to ! utmo/ nicety4 ,! :ole ma*9e is s simple1 easy1 & exp$iti\s 9 its use1 t ! weigh+ ( ! p[d] is ! greate/ "p ( ! tr\ble2 & x is also s uni=m ) itself1 t ! successive repetitions or fir+s ) ! same quantity ( ! same k9d ( p[d]1 h>dly ev] yield a diff]5ce ( ! hundr$? "p f ! fir/ vibration4 ,hav+ ?us giv5 an acc\nt ( almo/ e ?+ necess>y to be kn[n 9 reg>d to ! process ( mak+ & asc]ta9+ ! relative /r5g? ( ,gunp[d]1 we %all close ?is article ) a few obs]vations 7:i* w be select$ f ! be/ au?orities7 on ! physical causes ( its inflammation & explod+4 ,:5 ! sev]al +r$i5ts ( ,gunp[d] are prop]ly prep>$1 mix$1 & gra9$1 9 ! mann] already describ$1 if ! lea/ sp>k be /ruck !reon f a /eel & fl9t1 ! :ole w be imm$iately inflam$1 & bur/ out ) extreme viol5ce4 ,! effect is n h>d to acc\nt =3 ! *>coal "p ( ! gra9s :]eon ! sp>k falls1 cat*+ fire l t9d]1 ! sulphur & nitre are ready melt$1 & ! =m] also breaks into flame2 & at ! same "t ! contigu\s gra9s und]go ! same fate4--,n[ x is kn[n t salt-petre1 :5 ignit$1 r>efies to a prodigi\s degree4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton reasons ?us on ! subject3 8! *>coal & sulphur 9 ,gunp[d] easily take fire1 & k9dle ! nitre2 & ! _s ( ! nitre1 be+ !reby r>efi$ into vap\r1 ru%es out ) an explosion mu* aft] ! mann] t ! vap\r ( wat] ru%es out ( an olipils2 ! sulphur also1 be+ volatile1 is conv]t$ into vap\r1 & augm5ts ! explosion3 add1 t ! acid vap\r ( ! sulphur1 namely1 t :i* di/ils "u a bell into oil ( sulphur1 ent]+ viol5tly into ! fix$ body ( ! nitre1 lets loose ! _s ( ! nitre1 & excites a great] f]m5tation1 :]eby ! heat is f>!r augm5t$1 & ! fix$ body ( ! nitre is also r>efi$ into fume2 & ! explosion is !reby made m vehem5t & quick40 ,= if salt ( t>t> be mix$ ) ,gunp[d]1 & t mixture be w>m$ till x take fire1 ! explosion w be greatly m viol5t & quick ?an t ( ,gunp[d] alone1 :i* _c proce$ f any o!r cause ?an ! action ( ! vap\r ( ,gunp[d] ^u ! salt ( t>t>1 :]eby ! salt is r>efi$4 ,! explosion ( ,gunp[d] arises1 !re=e1 f ! viol5t action :]eby all ! mixture be+ quickly & vehem5tly heat$1 is r>efi$ & conv]t$ into fume & vap\r2 :i* vap\r1 by ! viol5ce ( t action1 becomes s hot z to %9e1 & appe> 9 ! =m ( a flame4 ,ano!r cause ( ! effects ( ,gunp[d]1 may be ow+ to ! sudd5 =mation ( a quantity ( gas1 & are consequ5tly great] :5 ! gas is conf9$ 9 all directions b "o1 z 9 our guns & cannons4 ,! nitric acid ( salt-petre is decompos$1 & af=ds ! gas4 ,! o!r +r$i5ts dispose x to be easily inflam$1 :i* is necess>y to ! decomposition ( ! acid4 ,dr4 ,+5h\sy acc\nts = ! effect ( ,gunp[d] by obs]v+ t nitre yields by heat a surpris+ quantity ( pure dephlogi/icat$ air1 & *>coal a consid]able quantity ( inflammable air2 ! fire employ$ to inflame ! p[d] extricates ^! two airs1 & sets fire to !m at ! in/ant ( _! extrication4 ,c\nt ,rum=d is ( op9ion t ! =ce ( ! ela/ic fluid1 g5]at$ 9 ! combu/ion ( ,gunp[d]1 may be satisfactorily acc\nt$ = ^u ! supposition t its =ce dep5ds solely on ! ela/icity ( wat]y vap\r or /eam4 ,m4 de la ,hire1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,fr5* ,academy = #agjb1 ascribes all ! =ce & effect ( ,gunp[d] to ! spr+ or ela/icity ( ! air inclos$ 9 ! sev]al gra9s !re(1 & 9 ! int]vals or spaces betwe5 ! gra9s1 ! p[d] be+ k9dl$ sets ! spr+s ( s _m little p>cels ( air play+1 & dilates !m all at once1 :5ce ! effect2 ! p[d] itself only s]v+ to light a fire :i* may put ! air 9 action1 aft] :i* ! :ole is done by ! air alone4 ,dr4 ,hutton seems to diff] f ! op9ion ( ,m4 de la ,hire1 9 reg>d to ! expansion ( inflam$ gunp[d]4 ,is x1 he obs]ves1 occasion$ by ! air int]pos$ betwe5 its gra9s1 or by ! aque\s fluid :i* ent]s into ! composition ( ! nitre8 ,we d\bt mu* 7cont9ues he7 :e!r x be ! air1 z its expansibility does n seem suffici5t to expla9 ! ph5om5on2 b we "k t wat]1 :5 conv]t$ into vap\r by ! contact ( heat1 occupies a space #ad1jjj times great] ?an its orig9al bulk1 & t its =ce is v consid]able4 ,! same le>n$ au?or says1 t ! discov]y ( ! true cause ( ! expansive =ce ( fir$ ,gunp[d]1 is *iefly due to ! ,engli% philosoph]s1 & p>ticul>ly to ! le>n$ & +5i\s ,mr4 ,rob9s4 ,?is au?or appreh5ds t ! =ce ( fir$ gunp[d] consi/s 9 ! action ( a p]man5tly ela/ic fluid1 sudd5ly dis5gag$ f ! p[d] by ! combu/ion1 simil> 9 "s respects to common atmosph]ic air1 at lea/ z to ela/icity4 ,he %ew$1 by satisfactory exp]im5ts1 t a fluid ( ?is k9d is actually dis5gag$ by fir+ ! p[d]2 & t x is p]man5tly ela/ic1 or reta9s its ela/icity :5 cold1 ! =ce ( :i* he measur$ 9 ?is /ate4 ,he also measur$ ! =ce ( x :5 inflam$1 by a mo/ +5i\s me?od1 & f\nd its /r5g? 9 t /ate to be ab\t a ?\s& times ! /r5g? or ela/icity ( common atmosph]ic air4 ,?is1 our ,doctor obs]ves1 is n its utmo/ degree ( /r5g?1 z x is f\nd to increase 9 its =ce :5 fir$ 9 l>g] quantities ?an ^? employ$ by ,mr4 ,rob9s2 s mu* s inde$1 t by m accurate exp]im5ts1 we h f\nd its =ce rise z high z #afjj or #ahjj times ! =ce ( atmosph]ic air 9 its usual /ate4 ,mu* beyond ?is x is n probable x c g1 nor inde$ possible1 if !re be any tru? 9 ! common & all[$ physical pr9ciples ( me*anics4 ,) an ela/ic fluid1 ( a giv5 =ce1 we infallibly "k1 or compute ! effects x c produce1 9 impell+ a giv5 body2 & on ! o!r h&1 f ! effects or velocities ) :i* giv5 bodies are impell$ by an ela/ic fluid1 we c]ta9ly "k ! =ce or /r5g? ( t fluid1 & ^! effects we h f\nd p]fectly to accord ) ! =ce above m5tion$4 ,mr4 ,rob9s's discov]y & op9ions h also be5 corroborat$ by o!rs1 among ! be/ *emi/s & philosoph]s4 ,lavoisi] 0 ( op9ion t ! =ce ( fir$ gunp[d] dep5ds1 9 a great measure1 on ! expansive =ce ( uncomb9$ caloric1 suppos$ to be let loose 9 a great abundance1 dur+ ! combu/ion or deflagration ( ! p[d]4 ,& ,b\illon ,lagrange1 9 8 c\rse ( ,*emi/ry says1 :5 gunp[d] takes fire !re is a dis5gagem5t ( azotic gas1 :i* exp&s 9 an a/oni%+ mann] :5 set at lib]ty2 & we are ev5 /ill ignorant ( ! ext5t ( ! dilatation occasion$ by ! heat aris+ f ! combu/ion4 ,a decomposition ( wat] also takes place1 & hydrog5 gas is dis5gag$ ) ela/icity2 & by ?is decomposition ( wat] !re is =m$ c>bonic acid gas1 & ev5 sulphurat$ hydrog5 gas1 :i* is ! cause ( ! hepatic smell emitt$ by burnt p[d]4 ,x has be5 f\nd by exp]im5t1 t granulat$ p[d] inflames ) mu* great] rapidity ?an t :i* is n granulat$2 ! latt] only puffs away sl[ly1 :ile ! o!r takes fire almo/ in/antane\sly2 & ( ! granulat$ k9ds1 t 9 r\nd gra9s mu* soon] ?an t 9 oblong irregul> gra9s2 ! cause ( :i* may arise f ! =m] leav+ to ! flame l>g] & fre] int]/ices1 :i* produce ! inflammation ) mu* m rapidity4 ,gunp[d] is suppos$ to explode at ab\t #fjj ,fahr4 b if heat$ to a degree j bel[ t ( fa9t r$ness1 ! sulphur w mo/ly burn (f1 leav+ ! nitre & *>coal unalt]$4 ,exp]im5ts h also prov$1 t ! v>iations 9 ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e d n any way alt] ! action ( p[d]4 ,by comp>+ sev]al trials made at noon 9 ! hotte/ summ] sun1 ) ^? made 9 ! morn+ & ev5+1 no c]ta9 diff]5ce c\ld be p]ceiv$2 & x 0 ! same ) ^? made 9 ! night1 & 9 w9t]4 ,& inde$1 consid]+ ! pr9ciples ( ! explosion1 & t x always conta9s ! same quantity ( ! ela/ic fluid1 x is difficult to conceive h[ its =ce c be affect$ by ! d5sity or r>ity ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! action & nature ( ?is =midable composition be+ n[ some:at fully describ$1 we %all proce$ to ! pr9cipal object ( our ,"w1 t ( con/ruct+ ! mo/ common & curi\s articles = ,pyrote*nic exhibitions4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,mat]ials4 ,hav+ 9 ! prec$+ ,section1 ent]$ some:at l>gely on ! nature & prop]ties ( ,gunp[d]1 & consequ5tly ( ! +r$i5ts :i* compose x1 any fur!r obs]vations on !m w\ld be unnecess>y1 provid+ ! +r$i5ts & proportions always rema9$ ! same4 ,b z ! +r$i5ts us$ 9 ! manufacture ( t article are frequ5tly employ$ 9 v>i\s o!r proportions1 to =m compositions = fill+ fire-works1 x is necess>y to give "s fur!r directions = ! *oice & purification ( ^! articles1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! app>atus made use ( 9 ! mak+ ( fire-works1 w =m ! subject ( ! pres5t section4 #a4 ,,nitre4--,among ! v>i\s articles made use ( 9 ! composition1 none are ( great] importance ?an salt-petre1 = on ! quantity & purity ( ?is dep5ds all ! =ce & mu* ( ! brilliancy ( ! fire4 ,! mo/ common sort is t usually sold by ! groc]s1 & is g5]ally 9 l>ge lumps =m$ ( an assemblage ( small cry/als some:at transp>5t1 & (t5 mix$ ) e>?y matt] & _m o!r impurities4 ,9 its pure/ /ate x is 9 ! =m ( small six-sid$ prismatic cry/als1 n apt to gr[ moi/ or p[d]y on exposure to ! air4 ,! pure nitre is n[ become v exp5sive1 s x is ( consequ5ce to "k h[ ! common nitre1 or nitre ( comm]ce may be purifi$1 = x is f\nd to answ] no purpose 9 ,pyrote*ny unless su* *ange or purification 9 x h be5 effect$4 ,nitre is f\nd1 7l mo/ ( o!r sal9e bodies7 to be mu* m soluble 9 boil+ wat]1 ?an 9 wat] ( ! ord9>y temp]ature4 ,if !re=e ! nitre ( comm]ce be dissolv$ 9 a small quantity ( boil+ wat]1 & ! solution be prop]ly /ra9$1 ! liquor1 :5 cold1 w af=d cry/als t are v pure4 ,! foll[+ is ! mo/ conv5i5t me?od ( proce$+3 dissolve ! nitre 9 boil+ wat]1 7:i* %\ld be s(t wat]17 9 ! proportion ( ab\t a qu>t to ea* p\nd ( nitre2 & t ! solution may be m easily effect$1 let ! nitre be r$uc$ to a p[d]1 previ\s to its be+ imm]s$1 & let ! vessel conta9+ ! nitre & wat] be kept at ! boil+ heat till all ! salt is dissolv$2 !n /ra9 ! liquor1 :ile hot1 ?r\gh ?ick blott+ pap]1 plac$ 9 a clean funnel2 & set by ! filt]$ liquor 9 a %all[ vessel1 9 a cold place1 to cry/allize4 ,! cry/als ?us obta9$ are to be dri$1 fir/ 9 blott+-pap]1 & !n be=e ! fire1 & kept = use4 ,f ! rema9+ solution1 :i* is sometimes call$ "m-wat]1 fre% cry/als may be procur$ by boil+ x 9 a clean t9 vessel till a film+ scum arises to ! surface1 !n filt]+ x ?r\gh pap]1 & sett+ x aside to cry/allize z be=e4 ,v pure nitre may also be obta9$ f damag$ gunp[d]1 :i* may be sometimes procur$ at a *eap rate1 at ! %ops :]e x is sold = ?is purpose4 ,! damag$ p[d] mu/ be gr\nd ) a small quantity ( hot wat]1 9 a l>ge wood5 or /one mort>1 o!rwise x may be boil$ ov] a g5tle fire1 ) z mu* wat] z w cov] x1 till z mu* z possible ( ! nitre is dissolv$2 ! liquor is !n to be /ra9$ ?r\gh a ?ick flannel bag1 aft]w>ds filt]$ ?r\gh blott+-pap] :ile hot1 ! s$im5t to be boil$ d[n till a film rises on ! surface2 aga9 filt]$ & set by to cool & cry/allize1 z direct$ 9 ! process = ! =m] me?od4 ,z ! nitre mu/ always be r$uc$ to f9e p[d]1 previ\s to mix+ x ) o!r sub/ances1 ?is is easily done by dissolv+ x 9 a little m ?an its own weight ( boil+ wat]1 keep+ ! solution ov] a g5tle fire1 & cont9ually /irr+ x ) a flat /ick till all ! wat] is evaporat$1 :5 ! p[d] is to be tak5 out & dri$ be=e a g5tle fire2 dur+ :i*1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to let x rema9 too long1 or expos$ to too great a heat1 o!rwise x w be melt$ into a firm cake4 ,! dry+ may be complet$ by suff]+ x to rema9 a suffici5t "t on pap] be=e ! fire4 ,= ! purification ( salt-petre1 bo? ^! me?ods may 7by att5d+ to ! =ego+ in/ructions17 be practis$ ) success2 b ( ! two1 we w\ld m /rongly recomm5d ! =m]4 #b4 ,,sulphur4--,sulphur is ! next +r$i5t1 9 reg>d to importance1 z be+ ! mo/ inflammable mat]ial we are acqua9t$ )4 ,x exi/s 9 ?ree /ates1 9 all ( :i* x is occasionally employ$ 9 fire-works2 ! fir/ is t br\ght f ! neighb\rhood ( volcanoes1 & is call$ native sulphur1 b m commonly sulphur vivum1 ?\gh 7x may be obs]v$17 :at is sold 9 ! %ops "u ?is "n is a drossy p[d]1 ! refuse left aft] purification4 ,! second is t 9 ! roll1 call$ roll sulphur1 or /one brim/one4 ,! ?ird is ! sublim$ sulphur1 or z x is commonly call$ fl[] ( sulphur2 ?is :5 g5u9e is ! pure/1 & is f\nd to answ] be/ = all nice & delicate articles1 & f its be+ already 9 a /ate ( p[d] x is by f> ! mo/ conv5i5t1 z ! o!rs require to be gr\nd or meal$ previ\s to _! be+ us$4 ,! fir/ k9d is ! *eape/1 & answ]s pretty well = all l>ge & co>se articles1 b z x is mo/ frequ5tly mix$ ) e>?y matt] & o!r impurities1 ! use ( x we w\ld n v mu* recomm5d4 ,! second is f\nd to be ! /ronge/1 & :i* is mo/ly us$1 p>ticul>ly = mo/ ( ! ord9>y articles2 b su* is ! desire ( ga91 t ?is article ( sulphur is n suff]$ to pass ?r\gh ! h&s ( deal]s )\t its quality be+ r$uc$ by adult]ation1 :i* !y effect by mix+ ) x ros91 fl\r1 c42 :5 pure x is ( a bright yell[ col\r1 d5se b n too heavy1 easily cracks ) ! heat ( ! h&1 & ! brok5 p>ts look bright & cry/alliz$4 ,!re is ano!r k9d ( sulphur 7?\gh n g5]ally kn[n among deal]s7 :i* does n burn l ! o!rs1 & :at is r s+ul>1 x emits no sulphur\s smell1 = be+ put ^u ! fire x melts j l common wax2 ?is sort is f\nd 9 great abundance 9 ,icel& ne> ,m\nt ,hecla1 & ,c>niola4 ,?is sulphur is commonly ( a r$di% col\r1 l t f\nd 9 ! /raits ( ,heilde%eim1 :]e x is likewise ( sev]al col\rs1 z pale yell[ & gre51 & g5]ally adh]es to ! surface ( /one & rocks1 f :i* x may be easily brok5 (f & collect$2 t :i* is p]fectly yell[ ( ea* k9d is ! be/4 ,t ( our fir/ description1 or sulphur vivum1 is sometimes call$ quick sulphur f its und]go+ no *ange by fire1 s9ce its productions by nature2 & 9 "s c\ntries x is call$ virg9 sulphur1 because ! wom5 & girls 9 ,campania frequ5tly make a k9d ( pa9t ( x1 = no less delicate purpose ?an t ( beautify+ ! face4 ,%\ld ei!r k9d be met ) 9 an impure /ate ! foll[+ me?od may be appli$ = ! purpose ( purification4 #c4 ,to purify ,sulphur4--,melt a quantity ( x 9 an iron pan1 by :i* means ! e>?y & metallic p>ts w be precipitat$1 & !n p\r x into a copp]-kettle1 :]e x w =m ano!r deposit ( ! impure matt] ) :i* x is mix$2 aft] keep+ x = "s "t 9 a melt$ /ate1 p\r x into cyl9dric wood5 m\lds1 = ! purpose ( =m+ x into /icks2 ! m\lds may be ab\t an in* 9 diamet]2 _! l5g? may be v>i\s4 ,if ! sulphur %\ld take fire dur+ ?is op]ation x may be quickly ext+ui%$ by cov]+ ! pan close ov] at ! top4 #d4 ,,*>coal is also a consid]able +r$i5t 9 our compositions1 b is ( a mu* m simple nature ?an t ( ! =ego+ ones4 ,x may g5]ally be procur$ at ! h>dw>e %ops1 or at f\ndries1 or x may be easily prep>$1 = :i* put a quantity ( small pieces ( wood1 su* z bee* or ald]1 into a l>ge e>!n or iron pot1 fill+ up ! vacuities1 & cov]+ ! top ) s&2 !n plac+ ! pot 9 ! middle ( a /rong fire1 & keep+ x at a r$ heat = two or ?ree h\rs1 z ! s& excludes ! air1 ! wood is ?us r$uc$ to *>coal )\t ! possibility ( its be+ consum$2 & :5 ! pot is cold1 ! *>coal is to be tak5 out & kept = use 9 "s v dry place4 ,small quantities %\ld only be made at a "t1 z x is always be/ newly prep>$4 #e4 ,,/eel-,,du/ is ano!r important +r$i5t 9 fire-works1 = be+ mix$ ) meal$ p[d] or "s o!r composition1 & ! mixture inflam$ 9 a prop] tube1 or case1 ! jet ( fire produces a mo/ brilliant appe>ance by ! sp>ks aris+ f ! ignition ( ! iron 9 ! oxyg5 gas ( ! nitre4 ,iron-fil+s1 7= ?is ,/eel-du/ is no?+ m ?an pure iron r$uc$ into small p>ticles by fil+ or "s o!r me?od17 :5 free f ru/1 & n mix$ ) any impurities1 answ] v well2 b fire-"w mak]s g5]ally pref] ca/-iron r$uc$ to p[d]1 by beat+ ?9 plates ( x on a ca/-iron anvil ) a heavy hamm]1 & sift+ ! brok5 p>ticles ?r\gh sieves ( brass or iron wire1 ( diff]5t degrees ( f95ess1 s z to sep>ate ! p>ticles into gra9s ( v>i\s sizes1 accord+ to ! magnitude ( ! pieces4 ,! gra9s ?us sort$ h be5 call$ iron-s&1 & h be5 di/+ui%$ into s& ( ?ree or f\r ord]s1 accord+ to _! respective f95ess2 ?us ! s& t passes ?r\gh ! f9e/ sieve1 is call$ s& ( ! fir/ ord]2 & t :i* passes ?r\gh ! second1 s& ( ! second ord]2 & s on to ! f\r?1 :i* is g5]ally v co>se4 ,! f9e/ is calculat$ = fire-works ( ! smalle/ size1 ! second = pieces some:at l>g]1 & t ( ! la/ ord]1 only = pieces ( ! l>ge/ size1 su* z g]bes ( six or eight p\nds1 ! composition ( :i* be+ ( proportionate /r5g? to br+ su* l>ge p>ticles into a /ate ( ignition4 ,z ^! gra9s are v apt to ru/ by keep+1 !y %\ld be pres]v$ ei!r 9 close /opp$ bottles1 well dri$1 or 9 boxes t %ut close1 & are l9$ ) pap] moi/5$ 9 l9se$ oil4 ,x sometimes happ5s t fire-works may be requir$ to be kept a long "t1 or s5t abroad2 nei!r ( :i* c\ld be done ) ! brilliant fires1 if made ) fil+s unprep>$1 = ?is reason1 t ! salt-petre be+ ( a damp nature x causes ! iron to ru/2 ! consequ5ce ( :i* is1 t :5 ! works are fir$ !re w appe> b v few brilliant sp>ks1 b in/ead ( !m a numb] ( r$ & drossy sp>ks2 & besides1 ! *>ge w be s mu* weak5$ t if ?is 7 to take place 9 :eels1 ! fire w\ld sc>cely be /rong en\gh to =ce !m r\nd2 b to prev5t su* failures 9 ! fir+ ( !m1 ! fil+s1 or iron-s&1 may be ?us prep>$3-- #f4 ,to prep>e iron-s&4--,melt 9 a glaz$ e>!n pan "s brim/one ov] a sl[ fire1 & :5 melt$ ?r[ 9 "s fil+s1 :i* keep /irr+ till !y are all cov]$ ) brim/one1 ?is mu/ be done :ile x is on ! fire2 !n take x (f & /ir x v quickly till cold1 :5 x mu/ be roll$ on a bo>d ) a wood5 roll]1 till brok5 z f9e z corn$ p[d]1 aft] :i* sift f x z mu* ( ! brim/one z possible4 ,second me?od4--,!re is ano!r me?od ( pres]v+ fil+s s z to keep two or ?ree mon?s 9 w9t]1 :i* is done by rubb+ !m betwe5 /rong br[n pap]1 :i* has be5 previ\sly moi/5$ ) l9se$ oil4 ,9 heat+ ! brim/one ! caution giv5 9 ,article #c1 mu/ be obs]v$ 9 ! ev5t ( its cat*+ fire4 ,we mu/ obs]ve 9 f9e on ?is article1 t x w be well to anticipate a little tr\ble 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is granulat$ ,iron-s&1 = ca/-iron be+ ( s h>d a nature z n to be cut by a file1 we are oblig$ to pulv]ize x1 or r$uce x to gra9s by ! me?od we h describ$1 :i* is r difficult to p]=m2 b :5 we consid] :at beautiful sp>ks ?is iron yields1 no pa9s %\ld be sp>$ to granulate su* an ess5tial mat]ial4 ,we mu/ fur!r obs]ve1 t :5 ^! plates ( iron _c be procur$1 an old ca/-iron pot may be employ$2 b especial c>e mu/ be tak5 t its surface be p]fectly free f ru/ & o!r impurities previ\s to its be+ pulv]iz$1 o!rwise x w entirely de/roy ! effect x is int5d$ to produce4 ,x is to ! ,*9ese we are indebt$ = ?is me?od ( r5d]+ fire s brilliant & v>iegat$ 9 its col\rs1 :o discov]$ x long be=e ,fa!r d',inc>ville made x kn[n to ! ,european c\ntries4 ,?is s&1 :5 x inflames1 emits a light exce$+ly vivid2 & x is surpris+ to see fragm5ts ( ?is matt] n l>g] ?an a poppy se$1 =m all ( a sudd5 lum9\s fl[]s ( />s1 twelve & fifte5 l9es 9 diamet]4 ,^! fl[]s are also ( diff]5t =ms1 accord+ to t ( ! inflam$ gra91 & ev5 ( diff]5t col\rs1 accord+ to ! matt]s ) :i* ! gra9s are mix$4 ,b rockets1 into :i* ?is composition ent]s1 _c be long pres]v$1 unless prep>$ z describ$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is article4 ,!re are _m o!r sub/ances occasionally employ$ 9 ! composition ( fire-works1 b z !y c be procur$ at all ,*emi/s & ,druggi/s ready = ! purpose1 we consid] x unnecess>y to give any detail respect+ !m1 fur!r ?an enum]ation4 ,!y are *iefly ! foll[+1 viz4 ,camphor1 :i* is us$ to improve ! appe>ance ( ! fire2 ,antimony1 or ,sulphuret ( ,antimony1 ,sal-ammoniac1 ,v]digrease1 & ,pit*1 = giv+ to ! fire diff]5t & p>ticul> %ades ( col\r2 ,fl[]s ( ,b5jam91 or ,b5zoic-acid1 = imp>t+ to x an agreeable od\r2 & ,spirits ( ,w9e1 or ,camphorat$ ,spirits1 = mix+ up ! +r$i5ts into a pa/e4 ,^! liquids are f\nd to answ] mu* bett] ?an common wat]1 or gum-wat]1 :i* is sometimes us$1 z !y d n dissolve ! salt-petre1 & are !re=e n s liable to produce a sep>ation ( ! mat]ials employ$4 ,lamp-black is sometimes us$ in/ead ( *>coal1 & is suppos$ to h ! effect ( dim9i%+ ! heat ( ! fire1 :ile x does n mat]ially less5 its brilliancy4 ,!nce x is a consid]able +r$i5t 9 :at is call$ cold-fire1 ! seem+ p>adox ( :i* we %all h]eaft] reconcile4 ,= ! same purpose1 t ( dim9i%+ ! =ce ( ! composition1 p[d]$ glass & saw-du/ h be5 frequ5tly employ$2 b probably ^! effects might be bett]1 & ) m c]ta9ty answ]$1 by less5+ ! proportion ( nitre4 #g ,,oil ,,( ,,camphor4--,?is liquid is frequ5tly us$ = ! purpose ( moi/5+ ! compositions2 x is ?us easily procur$3 put a small quantity ( ,camphor into a brass mort>1 & to x add "s oil ( sweet almonds1 suffici5t to r$uce x to a /iff pa/e1 !n "w ! mixture well toge!r1 & x w turn to a gre5 col\r1 aft] :i* add a suffici5t quantity ( oil to liquify x = use4 ,we mu/ obs]ve on ! use ( ?is liquid1 t ! composition into :i* x ent]s mu/ be kept z mu* z possible f ! air1 z an exposure to x w cause x to evaporate1 & !reby cause a failure 9 ! exhibition4 #h4 ,,b5zo94--,b5zo91 or z x is vulg>ly call$ ,b5jam91 is a res9\s matt] obta9$ f ! tree call$ ,b5zo91 & is br\ght f diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,indies1 :]e x is f\nd ( v>i\s k9ds1 & ( diff]5t col\rs2 ! be/ is t :i* is full ( :ite spots & is easily brok54 ,x is us$ 9 odorif]\s fire-works1 b prior to :i* x mu/ be r$uc$ to a f9e p[d]1 :i* may be effect$ by ! foll[+ me?od3--put ab\t ?ree or f\r ounces ( ,b5zo9 grossly p\nd$ into a deep & n>r[ e>!n pot1 & cov] ! pot ov] ) a cone ( ?ick pap]1 :i* tie closely r\nd ! edge1 !n place ! pot ov] ! fire & apply a mod]ate heat2 aft] ! int]val ( an h\r take (f ! cone1 & y w f9d "s fl[] /ick+ to ! "u-side ( x2 or 9 ! language ( *emi/ry1 ! acid is sublim$ & is deposit$ on ! pap]2 ! cone mu/ be return$ to ! pot1 & ! op]ation cont9u$ till ! fl[] appe>s v :ite & f9e4 ,! acid :i* is frequ5tly us$ may be obta9$ by dige/+ ,b5zo9 9 sulphuric acid1 & by ?is x is obta9$ mu* pur] & 9 f9] cry/als ?an by any o!r me?od4 ,on ?is article we deem x requisite to give ! above in=mation2 b to ! private practition]1 x w be m eligible to pur*ase x ready prep>$4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,app>atus4 ,9 ! practical "p ( ,pyrote*ny1 ! con/ruct+ & due proportion+ ( ! m\lds is a v mat]ial consid]ation1 = on ^! ! goodness ( ! article dep5ds ne>ly z mu* z on ! purity ( ! +r$i5ts4 ,!y consi/ *iefly ( solid & holl[ cyl9d]s made ei!r ( wood or metal2 ^? t are holl[ are call$ m\lds1 & ^? t are solid =m]s2 bo? are us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( rockets2 simil> cyl9d]s ei!r ( wood or metal are us$ = ramm+ d[n ! composition2 a ma*9e = contract+ ! ap]ture ( ! cases1 ! op]ation ( :i* is call$ *oak+2 ano!r = bor+ !m aft] !y are fill$2 & a simple app>atus = gr9d+ ! mat]ials previ\s to ! cases be+ fill$1 z well z o!rs ( less importance1 :i* we %all *oose r to describe z _! assi/ance is requir$4 ,we %all beg9 ! important ,app>atus ) describ+ ^? :i* come mo/ imm$iately into use4 #a4 ,,gr9d+ ,,ma*9es4--,= ! purpose ( triturat+ or prop]ly mix+ ! sev]al +r$i5ts toge!r1 v>i\s contrivances h be5 resort$ to4 ,a common iron mort>1 su* z is us$ by druggi/s & apo!c>ies1 is f\nd to answ] v well = gr9d+ or p\nd+ ! brim/one1 *>coal1 salt-petre1 c4 sep>ately2 & apo!c>y's close sieves1 fitt$ ) wire-clo?1 are ! be/ possible implem5ts = obta9+ ! fire p[d]2 b :5 corn gunp[d] is to be meal$1 or ! v>i\s +r$i5ts are to be mix$ toge!r1 su* mort>s _c be us$1 z ! heat g5]at$ by ! cont9u$ action ( ! pe/le might inflame ! mixture1 & !reby place ! life ( ! op]ator 9 imm95t dang]4 ,to obviate ^! dang]\s probabilities a v simple contrivance has be5 effect$2 ?is is call$ ! meal+ table1 & = t purpose has prov$ v spe$y & effectual4 ,x consi/s ( a rectangul> elm bo>d1 ) a rim r\nd its edge1 f\r or five in*es high1 at "o end ( :i* a "p ( ! rim is made to slide 9 a groove1 s t aft] meal+ ! p[d] x may be swept clean out f ! table4 ,a repres5tation ( x may be se5 at plate #a1 fig4 #c4 ,fig4 #d is a small copp] %ovel1 g5]ally made use ( = fill+ & empty+ ! table4 ,:5 ab\t to meal a quantity ( p[d]1 obs]ve n to put too mu* on ! table at once2 b :5 y h put on a mod]ate portion1 take ! mull] 7fig4 #e17 & rub x till all ! gra9s are well brok52 !n sift x 9 a lawn sieve1 t has a receiv] & top to x1 su* z is g5]ally us$ by ! apo!c>ies1 & t :i* does n pass ?r\gh ! sieve mu/ be return$ to ! table1 & ) an additional quantity gr\nd ov] aga94 ,sulphur & *>coal may be gr\nd 9 ! same mann]1 only ^! be+ mu* h>d] ?an p[d] ! mull] mu/ be ( ebony1 or any o!r h>d wood1 else ! +r$i5ts w\ld /ick 9 ! gra9 ( ! elm1 & be v difficult to gr9d4 ,z sulphur is apt to /ick & clod to ! table1 x w be f\nd be/ to h "o = t purpose1 z !y are easily procur$2 ?is w be b little tr\ble1 & m ?an comp5sat$ by y\r sulphur be+ always kept clean & well gr\nd4 ,! foll[+ is ano!r me?od = ! above purpose1 :i* "s consid] equally effective4 ,?is is a mort> made ( h>d wood1 %ap$ l t ( ! druggi/s1 ) ! bottom r\nd$ )91 & hav+ a wood5 lid fitt+ close on ! top1 & 9 ! c5tre a hole j l>ge en\gh to admit easily ! /alk ( ! pe/le1 to ! l[] end ( :i* is connect$ a piece ( m>ble t]m9at+ 9 a sph]ical surface4 ,) ?is app>atus gunp[d] may be safely gr\nd to meal1 or its +r$i5ts mix$ by ! cont9u$ motion ( ! pe/le 9 ! hole ( ! lid4 #b4 ,me?od ( mix+ ! ,+r$i5ts4--,connect$ ) t ( gr9d+ is ! op]ation ( mix+ ! +r$i5ts1 & :i* is consid]$ a pr9cipal "p ( ! bus9ess ( ,pyrote*ny2 & inde$ _m articles dep5d z mu* on ! well mix+ z on ! proportion ( _! composition2 !re=e great c>e %\ld be tak5 9 ?is "p ( ! "w1 & p>ticul>ly s 9 ! composition ( sky-rockets4 ,:5 y h ab\t f\r or five p\nds ( +r$i5ts duly prep>$ = mix+1 7:i* is a suffici5t quantity to mix at "o "t17 fir/ put !m toge!r 9 "s vessel conv5i5t = ! purpose1 !n "w !m ab\t ) y\r h&s1 till _! v>i\s natures are pretty well incorporat$2 aft] :i* put !m into y\r lawn sieve ) ! receiv] & top to x1 & sift x into "s o!r clean vessel1 & if any rema9s t w n pass ?r\gh ! sieve1 gr9d x aga9 till f9e en\gh2 & if x be suff]$ to pass twice ?r\gh ! sieve x w be m ?an ! tr\ble ! bett]4 ,= rockets & all fix$ works1 f :i* ! fire is to play regul>1 ! +r$i5ts mu/ be prep>$ z above2 & we may obs]ve "h1 t all compositions :i* conta9 /eel or iron fil+s mu/ be mix$ or %ift$ ) ! copp] %ovel1 = ! h&s are apt to imp>t a moi/ure1 :i* is injuri\s to _! nature4 ,nor w any works :i* h iron or /eel 9 _! *>ge keep long 9 damp wea!r )\t be+ prop]ly prep>$1 z 0 direct$ 9 ! prec$+ ,section4 ,!re are sev]al o!r m\lds & app>atus made use (1 b z mo/ ( !m are us$ 9 ! mak+ ( rockets1 & "s few o!r articles1 & are s imm$iately connect$ ) ! practice !re(1 we ?9k _! use & application w be bett] und]/ood :5 we come to treat ( t article 9 ! next ,section1 r ?an by ent]+ _! descriptions 9 ?is place4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,,division ,,( ,,fire-,,works4 ,fire-works are g5]ally divid$ into two classes1 ^? :i* compose ! fir/ are *iefly squibs1 s]p5ts1 crack]s1 sp>ks1 m>roons1 saucipons1 p9-:eels1 lead]s1 g]bes1 or roman c&les1 & 7:5 )\t any app5dages7 rockets2 ^! by _! requir+ b little dext]ity 9 ! prep>ation are call$ simple1 or m prop]ly s+le fire-works1 & are said to be ( ! fir/ class4 ,o!rs :i* are ( m difficult con/ructions1 are call$ comp\nd or complex fire-works1 & are said to be ( ! second class4 ,^! consi/ ( suns1 moons1 />s1 :eels1 globes1 balloons1 batt]ies1 fl[]-pots1 fire-pumps1 pyramids1 c42 ^! are g5]ally compos$ ( "s ( ! s+le pieces1 z g]bes1 s]p5ts1 m>roons1 saucipons1 c4 prop]ly arrang$ on suitable frames1 accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! op]ator1 & connect$ ) ea* o!r by long pipes fill$ ) inflammable composition call$ lead]s1 & fir$ by means ( quick-mat*es or port-fires1 & v frequ5tly by common t\*-pap]4 ,we %all beg9 our descriptions & in/ructions1 ) ^? ( ! simple or s+le k9d1 :i* w lead u progressively to ^? :i* are m complex1 ! ord] we purpos$ pursu+ at ! comm5cem5t ( our ,"w4 ,9 ! subsequ5t directions we %all h frequ5t occasion to m5tion pipes ( communication1 commonly call$ lead]s1 by :i* ! sev]al p>ts ( a comp\nd "w are connect$ ) ea* o!r2 & sev]al o!r articles ( less importance1 z t\*-pap]1 quick-mat*1 port-fires1 c4 #a4 ,,t\*-,,pap]4--,?is is a pap] impregnat$ ) a solution ( salt-petre1 by :i* x acquires ! prop]ty ( burn+ sl[ly away )\t flame1 & yet ) suffici5t /r5g? to communicate its fire to meal p[d]1 ) :i* x comes 9 contact4 ,x is prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- #b4 ,to ,make ,t\*-,pap]4--,dissolve a quantity ( salt-petre 9 v9eg> or any o!r acid1 m or less ( ! salt-petre accord+ z y w\ld h y\r pap] to burn sl[ or fa/2 !n dip into ?is solution "s ?9 blue pap]1 let x be well saturat$1 !n take x out1 & dry x = use4 ,if1 on trial1 x is n f\nd to burn prop]ly1 or if x blazes on be+ set on fire1 x is an indication t y\r solution is too weak2 y mu/ !re=e /r5g!n x by add+ m ( ! nitre1 & ! pap] mu/ be pass$ ?r\gh aga94 ,on ! application ( ?is pap] to fire-works1 two modes are 9 use3--,= small articles1 or su* z are *oak$ 7to be h]eaft] expla9$7 tie a piece r\nd ! orifice ) ?read or f9e tw9e1 leav+ en\gh ( ! pap] at ! end to =m a small tube1 9 :i* is put "s meal$ gunp[d]1 & ! pap] is !n twi/$ ov] x1 & ready = fir+4 ,= l>g] articles1 z ,rockets1 ,roman ,c&les1 c4 ! pap]1 in/ead ( be+ ti$ %\ld be pa/$ r\nd ! orifice ) ?9 fl[] pa/e2 b c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! pa/e does n ext5d beyond ! end ( ! case1 = ?is w\ld prev5t ! fire f communicat+ ) ! composition1 & ! piece w\ld consequ5tly fail 9 ! go+ (f4 #c4 ,,quick-,,mat*4--,! purpose ( ! ,quick-mat* is simil> to t ( t\*-pap]1 b *iefly us$ to =m ! inside ( lead]s2 x is g5]ally made ( cotton-wick1 7su* z is usually made use ( 9 ! manufacture ( c&les7 impregnat$ ) nitre4 ,x is made ( sev]al sizes1 f "o to six ?reads1 z is mo/ suit$ to ! pipes1 or articles = :i* x is design$4 ,! pipes mu/ be suffici5tly l>ge to receive ! mat* easily1 z its quality w be mu* dim9i%$ by its break+4 ,! foll[+ is ! be/ me?od ( mak+ ?is mat*3--,hav+ di/ribut$ ! cottons into ! numb] ( ?reads requisite = y\r purpose1 coil x v lightly into a flat bottom$ copp] or e>!n pan1 !n p\r 9 a "p ( ! salt-petre & liquor1 & boil !m toge!r ab\t tw5ty m9utes1 aft] :i* coil x aga9 into ano!r pan & put to x ! rema9d] ( ! liquor1 !n put 9 "s meal p[d]1 & well mix x ) ! liquid2 aft] :i* place ! pan b5ea? ! wood5 frame 7fig4 #ab7 & ty+ "o end ( ! cotton to "o side ( ! frame1 !n by "o h& by means ( ! h&le 7,a7 turn ! frame r\nd :ile y let ! cotton pass ?r\gh ! o!r1 hold+ x v lightly1 & at ! same "t keep+ y\r h& full ( ! wet p[d]2 if ! p[d] is too wet to /ick to ! cotton put m 9 ! pan1 s z to keep a supply until ! mat* is all w\nd up2 y may w9d x z close on ! frame z y please1 provid+ x d n /ick toge!r2 :5 ! frame is full take x (f ! jo9ts & sift dry meal p[d] on bo? sides ! mat*1 till x appe>s q cov]$1 aft]w>ds hang x 9 "s w>m place to dry1 :i*1 if x be 9 summ]1 w be effect$ 9 a few days1 b if x be 9 w9t] x w be a =tnight be=e x is fit = use2 :5 x is p]fectly dry1 cut x along ! outside ( "o ( ! side-pieces ( ! frames1 & tie x up 9 ska9s = use4 ,! prop] +r$i5ts = ! ,mat* are1 cotton1 "o p\nd twelve ounces1 salt-petre1 "o p\nd1 spirits ( w9e two qu>ts1 wat] ?ree qu>ts1 is+lass ?ree gills1 & meal p[d] t5 p\nds2 or half ! quantity may be prep>$ by tak+ ! +r$i5ts 9 ! same proportion4 ,f\r ounces ( is+lass %\ld be dissolv$ 9 ab\t #c p9ts ( wat]4 #d4 ,,port ,,fires4--,?is t]m is appli$ to pap] tubes1 fill$ ) meal$ p[d]1 or a simil> composition1 & :i* is g5]ally us$ 9 sett+ fire to rockets1 or comp\nd fire-works1 :i* require to be light$ v exp$iti\sly2 !re are two k9ds1 ! "o us$ z above1 ! o!r = illum9ations3 ^? ( ! =m] k9d are usually call$ common ,port-,fires1 & may be made ( any l5g?1 b are seldom m ?an #ba in*es2 !y are roll$ on rods ab\t half an in* 9 diamet]1 & made ( c>tridge pap] 9 ?ree or f\r folds till _! ext]ior diamet] is ab\t five-eigh?s ( an in*1 ! la/ fold be+ well secur$ at ! edge by pa/e1 & "o end p9*$ or fold$ d[n4 ,! m\lds1 five-eigh?s ( an in* diamet]1 %\ld be made ( brass or t91 & to take to pieces l5g?-wise1 =m+ two semi-cyl9drical tubes1 & :5 us$1 to be connect$ toge!r by sev]al r+s fitt$ to ! outside ( ! tube4 ,if ab\t an in* ( metal be made fa/ to "o extremity ( ! half tube ( ! diamet] ( ! rod or =m]1 x w sup]s$e ! necessity ( a foot1 & be mu* m conv5i5t2 b ! "p ( ! =m] z we may t]m x1 mu/ be made v fa/ to ! tube1 or x w easily be deta*$ by ! ramm+ ( ! cases4 ,! composition = fill+ ^! cases g5]ally consi/s ( salt-petre1 sulphur1 & meal$ p[d]1 9 v>i\s proportions1 accord+ to ! int5d$ /r5g? ( ! fire1 ?\gh salt-petre is g5]ally 9 ! greate/ proportions4 ,:5 ! fire is to be v sl[1 saw-du/ is sometimes add$1 & ! +r$i5ts are frequ5tly moi/5$ ) spirits ( w9e or l9se$ oil2 ^! compositions %\ld n be ramm$ too h>d4 ,9 us+ ?is k9d ( ,port ,fires1 ! close end is fix$ 9 a metal socket made l a port crayon1 :i* is atta*$ to a /ick ( suffici5t l5g? to rea* any requir$ "p ( ! fire-"w4 ,! foll[+ comp\nds are recomm5d$ = fill+ ,port ,fires to ,fire ,rockets1 c4 ,salt-petre ,sulphur ,meal-p[d] ,i4 #ab ozs4 #d ozs4 #b ozs4 ,,ii4 #h d4 #d d4 #b d4 ,,iii4 #ah d4 #aj d4 #bd d4 ,,iv4 #cd d4 #aj d4 #f d4 ,v4 #h d4 #b d4 #b d4 ,,port ,,fires ,,= ,,illum9ations4--,^! diff] only z x reg>ds _! l5g? f ^? above describ$1 _! diamet] is ! same1 _! l5g? f ?ree to six in*es1 p9*$ close at "o end & left op5 at ! o!r2 !y are fill$ by small quantities at a "t & ramm$ v lightly1 or _! cases w be endang]$4 ,?ree or f\r r\nds ( pap]1 ) ! la/ r\nd pa/$1 w be /rong en\gh = ^! cases1 ! compositions ! same z be=e4 #e4 ,lead]s1 or pipes ( communication4--,^! are small tubes ( pap]1 ( l5g?s adapt$ to ! di/ances to :i* !y are to ext5d1 & fill$ ) a combu/ible composition t w n burn too fa/4 ,z x is mu* ! be/ to h !m 9 long l5g?s "s l>ge size pap] mu/ be us$ = ! purpose1 t :i* is call$ 8,elephant0 is f\nd mo/ conv5i5t1 & :i* = ?is purpose is g5]ally us$4 ,x is cut into slips two or ?ree in*es broad1 or suffici5t to g f\r times r\nd ! =m]s1 :i* w make ! tube /rong en\gh = mo/ ord9>y purposes2 inde$1 if !y are made ) great] sub/ance mu* inconv5i5ce w be f\nd 9 ! application ( !m to ! diff]5t works to :i* !y are design$1 f fly+ (f )\t communicat+ _! fire4 ,! =m]s = ^! lead]s %\ld be ab\t "o f\r? ( an in* diamet]2 ?is size ,i h f\nd to answ] mo/ purposes1 ?\gh !y are sometime1 made ( less1 z well z l>g] diamet]s1 b f "o-eigh? to ?ree-eigh?s mu/ be ! extreme2 smoo? brass wire ( prop] dim5sions make ! be/ =m]s we c use1 :i* :5 y use obs]ve to dip !m 9 oil or grease to prev5t _! /ick+ to ! pap]1 :i* mu/ be pa/$ all ov]2 9 roll+ !m1 make use ( a roll+ bo>d1 b press x v lightly ^u !m2 :5 y draw out ! =m]1 :i* mu/ be done ) "o h& :ile y reta9 ! tube ) ! o!r1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 9 do+ ?is1 or ! =m] w /ick & te> ! pap]4 ,9 ! jo9+ & plac+ ^! lead]s y mu/ be z p>ticul> & c>eful z 9 _! manufacture = on ! well secur+ & adju/m5t ( !m dep5ds mu* ( ! p]=mance ( all complex pieces1 on :i* acc\nt we %all give 9 detail ! be/ me?od1 & t 9 z pla9 a mann] z possible3--y\r works be+ ready to be clo!d 7z ?is op]ation is t]m$7 cut y\r pipes 9 l5g?s suffici5t to rea* f "o case to ! o!r1 !n put 9 ! ,quick-mat* 7prep>$ z taught 9 ! la/ article17 :i* mu/ always be made to g 9 v easy2 :5 ! mat* is 9 ! tube1 cut x (f ab\t an in* beyond ! end ( ! pipe1 & let x project z mu* at ! o!r end1 !n fa/5 ! pipe to ! m\? ( ea* case ) a p91 & put ! loose ends ( ! mat* into ! m\?s ( ! cases ( ! works1 ) a little meal$ p[d]2 ?is done1 pa/e ov] ! m\? ( ea* two or ?ree bits ( pap]1 & ! jo9t w be pretty well secur$4 ,= ,illum9ations & small cases1 ! foll[+ me?od is g5]ally employ$4 ,fir/ ?read a long pipe1 !n lay x on ! tops ( ! cases & cut a piece (f ! "u side ov] ! m\? ( ea* case1 s t ! mat* may appe>2 !n p9 ! pipe to e o!r case1 b be=e y put on ! pipes put a little meal$ p[d] into ! m\? ( ea* case4 ,if ! cases ?us clo!d are ,port-fires or illum9at$ works1 cov] ! m\? ( ea* case ) a s+le pap]2 b if !y are *oak$ cases s situat$ t a numb] ( sp>ks f o!r works may fall on !m be=e !y are fir$1 secure !m ) ?ree or f\r pap]s1 :i* mu/ be pa/$ on v smoo? t !re be no creases = ! sp>ks to lodge 91 :i* (t5 set fire to ! works be=e _! "t4 ,avoid z mu* z possible plac+ ! lead]s too ne> or "o across ! o!r1 s z to t\*1 z x may happ5 t ! fla% ( "o w fire ! o!r1 & !reby de/roy ! beauty ( y\r arrangem5ts4 ,if y\r works %\ld be s =m$ t ! lead]s mu/ cross or t\* ea* o!r1 be v c>eful to make !m /rong & secure at ! jo9ts1 & likewise at e op5+4 ,:5 a great l5g? ( pipe is requir$1 x mu/ be made by jo9+ sev]al pipes toge!r1 aft] ! foll[+ mann]4 ,hav+ put on "o l5g? ( mat* z _m pipes z x w hold1 pa/e pap] ov] e jo9t1 b if a /ill great] l5g? is requir$ m pipes mu/ be jo9$ by cutt+ ab\t an in* (f "o side ea* pipe ne> ! end1 & lay+ ! quick-mat* toge!r & ty+ !m ) small tw9e1 aft] :i* cov] ! jo9+ ) pa/$ pap]4 ,,section ,v4 ,,( ,,s+le ,,fire-,,works4 ,we n[ proce$ to enum]ate & describe t class ( articles1 :i* f ! simplicity ( _! con/ruction h obta9$ ! "n ( ,s+le ,fire-works2 among ^!1 ! fir/ :i* (f]s itself to notice is ! s]p5t1 or :at is commonly call$ ! squib4 #a4 ,,s]p5ts4--,^! ,s]p5ts are g5]ally made ab\t six or eight in*es long1 & ab\t half an in* 9 diamet]1 !y are sometimes made /rait1 & sometimes ) a *oak 9 ! middle ( !m2 ! "n :i* !y be>1 probably rose f ! hiss+ noise :i* !y make :5 fir$1 or f ! zigzag or vibrat+ directions 9 :i* !y move :5 prop]ly con/ruct$1 on _! be+ project$ f ! h&4 ,fig4 #ag repres5ts a ,s]p5t complete1 :]e ,a ,c1 ! l5g? ( ! case1 may be ab\t six in*es = an ord9>y size4 ,^! cases mu/ be made ( "s /rong pap]1 & roll$ 9 a =m] ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* diamet]1 or some:at m1 & hav+ *oak$ or ti$ "o end up close1 ) /rong tw9e1 fill ! case ab\t two-?irds ( ! way ) "s ( ! composition describ$ 9 ! g5]al ,table 9 ,section ,,vii1 ramm$ mod]ately h>d 9 ! m\ld prop] = ! diamet] ( ! case1 & !n x is ei!r *oak$ 9 ! "p ,b4 t is1 p9*$ ) a piece ( tw9e1 s z to leave a v small ap]ture1 or "s ob/ruct+ body1 su* z a small piece ( pap]1 or a vet* se$ is introduc$1 & ! rema9d] ( ! case mu/ be fill$ ) gra9$ or corn p[d]4 ,la/ly1 ?is o!r extremity is to be well secur$ ) tw9e1 & is commonly dipp$ into melt$ pit*3 ! o!r end mu/ be n[ unti$ & a little moi/5$ meal p[d] is introduc$1 ov] :i* a piece ( t\*-pap] be+ prop]ly fa/5$1 ! ,s]p5t is complet$4 ,if ! ,s]p5ts are n *oak$ t[>ds ! middle1 in/ead ( mov+ 9 a zigzag direction !y w asc5d & desc5d ) an undulat+ motion1 till ! fire is communicat$ to ! gra9$ p[d] 9 ! "p ,b ,c1 :5 !y w bur/ ) a l\d report4 ,to introduce ! compositions into small cases1 a quill cut into ! =m ( a spoon w be f\nd v useful4 ,! tr\ble ( fir/ tempor>ily *oak+ & ty+ ! ends ( ! cases may be disp5s$ )1 if ! m\ld 9 :i* !y are ramm$ h atta*$ to !m a foot & nipple z describ$ 9 ! article ,rockets4 ,! common squibs1 or su* z are ( small dim5sions1 may be made ) /ill less tr\ble1 = ! cases be+ roll$1 pa/$1 & dri$ z be=e1 "o end may be p]man5tly ti$ & seal$1 or dipp$ into hot pit*1 aft] :i* !y may be fill$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3----fir/ put 9 a small quantity ( gra9$ p[d]1 :i* ) y\r ramm] & mallet ram d[n q h>d1 !n fill up ! case z be=e ) ! composition1 ramm+ x h>d d[n 9 ! c\rse ( ! fill+ two or ?ree times2 ?is done1 cap x ) t\* pap]1 z be=e direct$1 & ! ,squib is fit = action4 #b4 ,,crack]s4--,! be/ mat]ial = ! cases ( ,crack]s is c>tridge pap]1 ! dim5sions ( :i* = an ord9>y size is ab\t #ae in*es long1 by ?ree & a half ditto wide1 fold$ 9 ! foll[+ p>ticul> mann]2 we call x p>ticul>1 because on x dep5ds ! goodness ( ! ,crack]2 ! me?od is1 fir/ to fold "o edge d[n ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* broad1 !n ! d\ble edge is turn$ d[n ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*1 & ! s+le edge is b5t back ov] ! d\ble fold1 s z to =m )9 a *annel a qu>t] ( an in* wide1 :i* :5 op5$ is to be fill$ ) meal$ p[d]1 n gr\nd v f9e1 ?is p[d] is !n to be cov]$ by ! folds on ea* side1 & ! :ole to be press$ v smoo? & close1 by pass+ ov] x ! edge ( a flat rul] or "s l in/rum5t1 & ?is "p conta9+ ! p[d] is to be gradually fold$ into ! rema9d] ( ! pap]1 tak+ c>e to press d[n e fold 9 ! same mann]4 ,! ,crack] ?us f> advanc$ is to be d\bl$ backw>ds & =w>ds 9 folds ab\t two & a qu>t] in*es1 z _m times z ! l5g? ( ! pap] w all[4 ,aft] ?is1 ! :ole %\ld be press$ q close toge!r by means ( a small wood5 vice1 7simil> to ^? kn[n by c>p5t]s "u ! "n ( h&-screws1 ! use ( :i* w\ld be f\nd extremely conv5i5t = _m o!r purposes17 & a piece ( tw9e pass$ twice r\nd ! middle across ! folds1 & ! jo9+s secur$ by caus+ ! tw9e to take a turn r\nd ! middle at e fold successively2 "o ( ! ends ( ! folds may be d\bl$ %ort "u1 :i* w produce an extra report1 ! o!r mu/ project a little beyond ! re/ = ! purpose ( prim+ & capp+ ) ! t\* pap]2 :5 ?is is done ! crack] is complete4 ,crack]s :5 well made & ( suffici5t /r5g?1 are productive ( mu* mir?1 & :5 ( consid]able magnitude1 furni% excell5t means ( disp]s+ a cr[d2 at ! same "t !y are s p]fectly h>mless t no evil consequ5ce may be expect$ to foll[ ! amusem5t !y af=d4 #c4 ,,p9 ,,:eels4--,p9 or ,ca!r9e ,:eels are ( v simple con/ruction1 no?+ m be+ want$ ?an a long wire =m]1 ab\t ?ree sixte5?s ( an in* diamet]2 on ?is wire are =m$ ! pipes1 :i* be+ fill$ ) composition are aft]w>ds roll$ r\nd a small circle ( wood1 s z to =m an helix or spiral l9e4 ,! cases are g5]ally made ( ,elephant pap]1 or su* z w admit ( ! greate/ l5g?2 roll$ ab\t f\r times r\nd ! wire & pa/$ z !y are roll$2 :5 a numb] ( pipes are made & got p]fectly dry1 !y are fill$ ) ! composition describ$ at ,no4 #b1 9 ! table2 ^! cases are n ramm$1 b fill$ by means ( a t9 funnel ) a long pipe1 made s z easily to pass d[n ! case1 :i* is gradually fill$ by %ak+ ! composition out ( ! funnel2 all ! cases prep>$ be+ ?us fill$1 "o ( !m be+ clos$ at "o end1 is to be pa/$ r\nd ! flat circle ( wood1 :i* mu/ n be above half an in* ?ick1 & "o in* 9 diamet]1 & secur$ at e half turn by seal+ wax2 :5 ?is is all w\nd r\nd ! circle & ! :eel n suffici5tly l>ge1 a second case may be ins]t$ into ! m\? ( ! la/1 tak+ c>e t ! end introduc$ is only loosely twi/$1 o!rwise x might ob/ruct ! communication & de/roy ! effect2 b ?is be+ prop]ly adju/$ & ! jo9+ secur$ by pa/+ pap] r\nd x1 ! spiral is to be cont9u$ 9 ! same way z be=e1 till ! :eel be increas$ to ! prop] dim5sions1 or su* z suits ! ta/e ( ! ,tyro4 ,! c5tral block mu/ be pi]c$ 9 ! middle = ! purpose ( receiv+ a /rong p91 or a small piece ( wire1 by :i* ! :eel may be atta*$ to a po/ or any o!r conv5i5t object1 or ! p9 or wire be+ ins]t$ into ! pi? ( an hazel /ick1 ! :eel )\t any dang] may be let (f 9 ! h&2 :5 ! m\? ( ! la/ r\nd is prim$ & capp$ ) t\*-pap]1 on its be+ light$1 ! impulse ( ! flame aga9/ ! air =ces back ! ignit$ "p ( ! :eel1 :i* cont9ues to revolve till ! :ole ( ! composition is consum$4#g #d4 ,,/>s4--,^! are small pap] globes fill$ ) a composition t emits a mo/ beautiful radiat+ light1 :i* has be5 comp>$ to ! light ( 8^? endless beauties :i* adorn our cele/ial hemisph]e20 z ! purposes = :i* !y are us$ are *iefly z ornam5ts to o!r articles1 su* z rockets1 roman c&les1 c4 _! dim5sions mu/ ( consequ5ce be limit$ or adapt$ to ^? articles1 !re=e _! diamet]s mu/ seldom exce$ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*1 unless ! articles to :i* !y are atta*$ are ( m ?an ord9>y dim5sions1 & = small articles _! diamet] mu/ be less 9 proportion4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ?is article we call$ !m 8pap] globes10 b we mu/ obs]ve t !y are only put 9 pap]1 :5 _! composition is prep>$ dry2 & in/ead ( pap] !y are frequ5tly wrapp$ 9 a small piece ( l95 rag1 ti$ closely r\nd ) small tw9e1 & :5 ei!r ( ^! wrapp]s are us$1 a hole mu/ be pi]c$ ?r\gh its middle1 to receive a piece ( mat* left project+ a little on ea* side4 ,?\gh ! above mode ( mak+ ,/>s is frequ5tly practis$1 yet ,i h always f\nd x be/ to use ! composition moi/1 9 ! =m ( /iff pa/e1 :5 x w n be necess>y to inclose ! ,/> 9 any ?+1 because :5 prep>$ ( su* pa/e x c reta9 its r\ndness2 !re w be no ne$ also ( pi]c+ a hole 9 x = ! mat*1 because :5 newly made & consequ5tly moi/1 x may be roll$ 9 pulv]iz$ gunp[d]1 :i* w adh]e to x2 ?is p[d] :5 k9dl$ w s]ve z a mat*1 & inflame ! composition ( ! ,/>1 :i* 9 fall+ w =m itself into />s1 & exhibit a mo/ beautiful appe>ance4 ,= ! composition = />s consult ! table ,sect4 #g1 ,no4 #c1 & ,no4 #d4 ,,/rung ,,/>s4--,to make ^! cut "s ?9 pap] into pieces ( ab\t an in* & a half squ>e1 !n on ea* piece lay equal quantities ( dry /> composition1 ne>ly z mu* z ! pap] w conta91 !n twi/ up ! pap] z light z possible1 :5 done rub "s fl[] pa/e on y\r h& & roll ! /> betwe5 !m1 !n set !m 9 "s w>m place to dry2 ! />s be+ ?us prep>$1 get "s flax or f9e t[1 & roll a little ov] ea* />1 !n pa/e ! b& & roll !m z be=e1 aft] :i* set !m aga9 to dry2 :i* :5 t is q effect$1 ) a pi]c] make a hole ?r\gh ! middle ( ea*1 & ?read !m on a cotton quick-mat*1 long en\gh to conta9 #aj or #ab />s ?ree or f\r in*es di/ance2 by jo9+ sundry l5g?s ( mat* we may /r+ any numb] ( />s we *oose4 ,,tail$ ,,/>s4--,or1 z !y are sometimes call$ cometic-/>s1 f _! s5d+ out a great numb] ( sp>ks1 :i* repres5t a tail simil> to t ( comet2 !re are two k9ds :i* be> ! above "n1 :i* are ^? t are roll$1 & ^? t are driv52 :5 roll$ !y mu/ be moi/5$ ) a liquor made ( half a p9t ( _s ( w9e1 & half a gill ( ?9 size1 7vellum or any o!r t is f9e17 ( :i* z mu* z w br+ ! composition to a consi/5cy prop] = roll+ into balls2 :5 t is done1 sift meal$ p[d] ov] !m & set !m to dry4 ,,driv5 ,,/>s4--,= ^!1 ! liquid us$ = moi/5+ ! composition mu/ be _s ( w9e1 ) a little camphor dissolv$ 9 x1 & b a v small quantity ( x1 z = ,driv5 ,/>s ! composition does n require to be wet2 cases conta9+ "o or two ounces are be/ = ?is purpose1 :i* mu/ be made ( "s v ?9 pap]4 ,! composition be+ damp$ ) ! _s ( w9e & camphor z above1 !y are to be fill$ & ramm$ mod]ately h>d1 tak+ c>e t ! case be n brok5 or ! pap] drove d[n on ! inside2 z a protection to !m1 :ile fill+ & ramm+1 x w be be/ to procure sev]al m\lds fitt$ to _! ext]ior diamet]4 ,^! m\lds may be ( t91 or any k9d ( wood1 ( dim5sions suit$ to ,/>s f #h drams to #d ounces2 :5 !y are fill$1 _! cases mu/ be made consid]ably light]1 :i* is effect$ by unroll+ ! pap] )9 ?ree or f\r r\nds ( ! *>ge1 :i* is to be cut (f1 & ! loose edge made fa/ ) a little pa/e1 & aft]w>ds set by = two or ?ree days to dry2 :5 !y h atta9$ suffici5t dryness !y mu/ be cut into l5g?s proportionate to _! weights1 :i* w be ne>ly z foll[s3 f qu>t] to half-ounce cases1 _! l5g?s may be five or six eigh?s ( an in*2 f half to "o ounce cases1 _! l5g?s may be "o in*2 if two ounces1 "o in* & a qu>t]2 f #c to #d ounces "o in* & a half long3 ( ! small] pieces1 "o end mu/ be dipp$ into melt$ wax 9 a mann] to cov] ! composition1 ! o!r end mu/ be spr9kl$ ) meal$ p[d] wett$ ) _s ( w9e4 ,( ! l>g] pieces bo? ends mu/ be prim$ ) meal$ p[d] wett$ z be=e4 ,/>s made aft] ! above mann] are us$ almo/ exclusively = ,air ,balloons1 & are driv5 9 cases to secure !m f ! =ce ( ! composition ) :i* ! ,balloons are fill$1 !re=e _! application to ,rockets1 & o!r small articles1 is q incompatible ) _! nature4 ,,roll$ ,,/>s4--,^! are s call$ *iefly f ! op]ation employ$ 9 _! manufacture4 ,_! dim5sions are f half an in* to "o in* diamet]4 ,9 ! composition c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! +r$i5ts are well mix$1 & previ\s to its be+ made up1 x mu/ be wett$ ) ! foll[+ liquid suffici5t to conv]t x into pa/e2 _s ( w9e "o qu>t1 9 :i* dissolve "o f\r? ( an ounce ( ,is+lass4 ,too mu* ( ! composition mu/ n be prep>$ at once1 "o p\nd w be suffici5t = an ord9>y numb] ( ,/>s1 = if a great] quantity is wett$ ! _s w be liable to evaporate1 & leave ! composition dry & unfit = ! purpose1 be=e x c be all roll$ up4 ,to make ! />s ( uni=m dim5sions1 ,i h f\nd ! foll[+ me?od mo/ eligible1 & ( lea/ tr\ble2 :5 ! composition is prop]ly moi/5$1 roll x ) a smoo? r\nd /ick on any flat ev5 surface1 z /one or wood1 till its ?ickness is ab\t half an in*1 !n divide x accurately into squ>es1 ( dim5sions suitable to ! desir$ magnitude ( ! ,/>s2 !re are o!r me?ods = regulat+ ! size ( ! ,/>s1 b ?is ,i h f\nd mo/ practicable :i* w ju/ify me 9 recomm5d+ x4 ,hav+ roll$ up ! portion ( prep>$ composition z direct$1 %ake !m 9 "s meal p[d] :ile !y are damp1 & set !m 9 "s w>m place to dry1 :i* w be effect$ 9 two or ?ree days2 b if want$ imm$iately !y may be quickly dri$1 9 an e>!n pan ov] a sl[ fire1 or 9 an ov5 ( mod]ate temp]ature2 :5 ! ,/>s are p]fectly prep>$ !y mu/ be pres]v$ 9 "s small box = use1 = if expos$ to ! air !y w gr[ weak1 & produce b few ( ^? effects :i* at o!r times r5d] !m s beautiful4 #e4 ,,sp>ks4--,x is only z x reg>ds magnitude t ,sp>ks diff] f />s above describ$1 !y be+ g5]ally made ( v small size1 & consequ5tly ( %ort duration 9 _! exhibition4 ,! me?od ( prep>+ !m is z foll[s3 put into an e>!n vessel "o ounce ( meal$ gunp[d]1 ?ree ounces ( p[d]$ salt-petre1 & f\r ounces ( camphor1 r$uc$ to p[d] by rubb+ x 9 a mort> ) a small quantity ( _s ( w9e2 p\r ov] ?is mixture "s weak gum-wat]1 9 :i* "s gum-adragan? has be5 dissolv$1 till ! composition is br\ght to a /ate ( ?9 pa/e2 !n take "s l9t1 prep>$ by boil+ x 9 v9eg> or salt-petre1 & aft]w>ds dri$ & unravell$1 & put into ! composition en\gh ( x to absorb ! :ole1 at ! same "t take c>e to /ir x well4 ,?is matt] is to be =m$ into small balls1 ( ab\t ! size ( a pea1 :i* be+ dri$ by a mod]ate heat are to be spr9kl$ ) meal$ gunp[d]1 = ! purpose t !y may readily cat* fire4 ,ano!r me?od ( mak+ ,sp>ks4--,take "s saw-du/ made f fir1 or any k9d ( wood t burns readily1 & boil x 9 wat] 9 :i* salt-petre has be5 dissolv$2 aft] boil+ ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 ! vessel mu/ be remov$ f ! fire1 & ! liquid p\r$ (f s z to leave ! saw-du/ at ! bottom ( ! vessel1 !n place ! saw-du/ by itself ^u a flat bo>d or table1 & :ile 9 a moi/ /ate spr9kle x ) sulphur1 sift$ ?r\gh a f9e hair sieve1 ! sift+ p[d] 7sulphur7 w be improv$ if to x be add$ a small portion ( bruis$ gunp[d]4 ,:5 ! :ole has be5 well mix$ & ( prop] consi/5ce1 x is to be made up into ,sp>ks1 z describ$ 9 ! o!r me?od4 #f4 ,,m>roons4--,m>roons are ( v easy con/ruction1 be+ no?+ m ?an small cubical boxes1 fill$ ) a composition prop] = mak+ !m bur/1 & !nce produc+ a l\d report1 :i*1 & ! sudd5ness ( x1 is _! *ief prop]ty4 ,!y are us$ pr9cipally 9 comb9ation ) o!r pieces1 or to =m a batt]y1 9 :i*1 by diff]5t l5g?s ( quick-mat*1 !y are caus$ to explode at di/9ct int]vals4 ,con/ruction4--,cut a piece ( pa/ebo>d into ! =m repres5t$ 9 fig4 #ah1 :i* w fold up into a cubical case1 ! angles mu/ be well secur$ by pa/+ pap] ov] !m1 ! top be+ left till x is fill$3 :5 ?is is done ! box is to be fill$ ) gra9$ p[d]1 !n cem5t /rong pap] ov] ! top1 & aga9 9 v>i\s directions ov] ! body2 & to increase ! /r5g? ( ! box 7:i* w produce a l\d] report7 wrap r\nd two or ?ree r[s ( pack?read dipp$ 9 "s /rong glue1 !n make a hole 9 "o ( ! corn]s1 & introduce into x a piece ( quick-mat*1 & y\r ,m>roon is ready = action4 ,m>roons may be r5d]$ lum9\s1 or caus$ to emit a brilliant appe>ance previ\s to _! explosion4 ,?is is effect$ by cov]+ !m ) pa/e made ( fl[] ( sulphur1 mix$ up ) ?9 />*1 & aft]w>ds roll+ !m 9 pulv]iz$ gunp[d]1 :i* w s]ve z a mat* or communication2 :5 made aft] ?is mann] !y are call$ lum9\s m>roons4 #g4 ,,saucissons4--,^! diff] only 9 =m f ! =ego+ articles2 till lately no di/9ction 0 made betwe5 !m1 nor 79 our op9ion7 ought any to exi/1 b ! ,fr5* ,arti/s h ?\ght prop] to give !m ! above "n f ! suppos$ resemblance !y be> to a sausage4 ,! cases ( ,m>roons are made cubical1 ^? = ! pres5t articles are made cyl9drical1 & 9 proportion mu/ be ab\t f\r times _! ext]ior diamet] 9 l5g?2 _! diamet]s may be f "o to two & a half or ?ree in*es1 & _! cases increas+ 9 /r5g? z _! dim5sions4 ,! cases mu/ be *oak$ or p9*$ at "o end aft] ! mann] ( rockets1 & ti$ q close2 & aft]w>ds ! =m]1 on :i* !y are roll$1 %\ld be press$ h>d ^u ! bottom to make x smoo?1 & to take out ! wr9kles left by ! *oak+2 ! =m]1 or int]ior diamet]1 %\ld n exce$ "o half ( ! ext]ior diamet] ( ! case4 ,! cases be+ ?us prep>$1 !y are to be fill$ ) co>se p[d] "o diamet]1 & "o f\r? high1 & ! re/ ( ! pap] mu/ be fold$ d[n tight ^u ! p[d]2 !n b9d !m tight 9 e direction ) /rong pack?read dipp$ 9 glue1 & !y are !n left to dry z be=e4 ,!y may be r5d]$ lum9\s1 & ! mat* appli$ 9 ! same mann] z to ,m>roons4 ,batt]ies ( ,m>roons1 c4--,^!1 x has be5 said1 if well manag$1 w keep "t to a m>*1 or a sl[ piece ( music4 ,!y mu/ inde$ be well manag$ to d s2 ,i h 7) c>e7 made sev]al trials1 b 9 nei!r 0 ,i =tunate en\gh to produce t uni=mity 9 _! int]vals1 z to m>k correctly _! comm5cem5t ( ea* b> ( ! music2 :i*1 if !y d n1 !y fail entirely z to ?is prop]ty4 ,b1 h[ev]1 mu* effect may be produc$ by ^! noisy pieces by arrang+ !m on sev]al /&s1 ) a numb] ( cross rails1 on :i* !y are to be nail$1 & connect$ toge!r by means ( lead]s c4 ( diff]5t l5g?s1 accord+ to _! di/ance asund]1 obs]v+ to use ! l>ge & small m>roons & saucissons 9 ord] to produce a great] v>iety 9 ! reports1 :i* dur+ ! exhibition ( o!r articles is _! *ief purpose4 ,a ,batt]y ) ! lead]s complete is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #ai4 #h4 ,,g]bes4--,?is is a species ( ,fire-"w :i*1 f a cyl9drical case1 ?r[s up a lum9\s & sp>kl+ jet ( fire1 :i* ,f its p>tial resemblance ( a wat]-sp\t1 ! ,fr5* h giv5 x ! appellation ( ,g]be4 ,g]bes consi/ ( a /rong cyl9drical case made ( ?ick pap] or pa/e-bo>d1 & fill$ ) brilliant composition1 & sometimes ) />s or balls plac$ at small di/ances1 s t ! composition & balls are introduc$ alt]nately2 imm$iately bel[ ea* ball is plac$ a little gra9$ p[d]4 ,?is la/ k9d ( ,g]bes are m prop]ly call$ ,roman ,c&les1 :i* we %all describe 9 ! next article4 ,g]bes are sometimes made :olly cyl9drical1 & sometimes ) a long n>r[ neck2 ! reasons = mak+ !m ) a neck are d$uc$ f r philosophical consid]ations3 :5 fir$ !y ex]t great =ce on all p>ts ( ! case1 especially at ! m\?1 f :i* x proce$s ) great velocity2 ! reasons !re=e d$uc$ = mak+ !m ) a long neck are--fir/1 t ! p>ticles ( iron1 :i* ent] into _! composition1 w h m "t to be heat$1 by meet+ ) great] resi/ance 9 gett+ out ?an ) a %ort neck1 :i* w\ld be burnt too wide be=e ! *>ge be consum$1 & spoil ! effect2 secondly1 t ) long necks ! />s w be ?r[n to a great] height1 & w n fall be=e !y are sp5t or spread too mu*2 b :5 made to p]fection1 w rise & spread 9 su* a mann] z to repres5t pretty exactly ! =m ( a :eat-%eaf4 ,! diamet] ( ,g]bes is g5]ally e/imat$ by ! weight ( a lead5 ball1 :i* ! case is capable ( receiv+2 ?us we say ,g]bes ( eight ounces1 ( "o p\nd1 c4 ,_! l5g? f ! bottom to ! top ( ! neck %\ld be ab\t six diamet]s2 ! neck be+ ab\t "o-six? diamet]1 & ?ree-f\r?s diamet] long4 ,!y are fill$ 9 two ways1 accord+ z !y h a neck1 or are :olly cyl9drical2 ! cases ( ! latt] k9d are clos$ bel[1 & are fill$ l ^? ( s]p5ts1 b ! composition mu/ be put 9 by small quantities1 & ramm$ v h>d2 cases ) necks are fill$ f ! bottom1 b y mu/ be c>eful1 be=e y comm5ce ramm+1 to plug up ! ap]ture ( ! neck ) a piece ( wood fitt$ to its diamet]1 = if ?is is n done1 ! composition w fall into ! neck1 & leave a vacancy 9 ! case1 :i* w cause x to bur/ z soon z ! fire arrives at t "p ( x4 ,y mu/ obs]ve1 too1 t ! fir/ ramm+ or two be ( "s weak] composition ?an ! body ( ! case4 ,:5 fill$ ! plug mu/ be remov$1 & ! neck fill$ ) "s sl[ *>ge1 & capp$ ) t\*-pap]2 a foot ( wood is aft]w>ds to be fix$ to ! ,g]be & well secur$1 ei!r by a cyl9d] fix$ to ! outside ( ! case1 or by hav+ 9 x a hole1 into :i* ! case may be ins]t$2 :5 ei!r ( ^! me?ods is employ$ ! foot mu/ be firmly atta*$4 ,sometimes sp>ks 7,article #e17 are introduc$ dur+ ! fill+ ( ! cases1 b 9 ?is case special c>e mu/ be tak5 t !y are n brok5 by h>d ramm+2 _! numb] %\ld be regulat$ by ! size ( ! case1 & :5 c>efully us$1 !y produce a pleas+ effect1 b !y are mo/ adapt$ to su* ,g]bes z are :olly cyl9drical4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( f9d+ ! int]ior diamet] ( ,g]bes is g5]ally employ$3--suppos+ ! ext]ior diamet] ( ! case at bottom 7:i* is usually made some:at l>g] ?an ! top7 to be f\r in*es1 !n by tak+ two-f\r?s = ! sides ( ! case1 !re w rema9 two in*es = ! bore1 :i* w be a tol]able good size1 & f ! rules giv5 = ! height ! same w be ab\t tw5ty-f\r in*es to ! top ( ! neck4 ,fig4 #bj repres5ts a wood5 =m]2 & fig4 #ba a ,g]be ) its foot complete4 ,! composition = fill+ w be f\nd 9 ! ,table1 ,section #g4 ,9 ramm+ l>ge ,g]bes an ext]nal m\ld w n be requisite1 ! cases be+ suffici5tly /rong to support !mselves4 ,,small ,,g]bes4--,^! are frequ5tly call$ 8,:ite ,f\nta9s20 !y diff] b little1 :5 us$ z ,g]bes1 f ! =ego+3 !y are made ( f\r1 eight1 or twelve ounce cases1 ( any l5g?1 pa/$ & made v /rong3 be=e !y are fill$1 drive 9 ab\t "o diamet] ( _! orifice high "s good /iff clay1 & :5 ! case is fill$1 bore ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! clay to ! composition a v5t-hole ( common proportion1 :i* mu/ be prim$ & capp$ z be=e4 ,^! cases are sometimes fill$ ) ,*9ese fire1 9 ?is case ! clay mu/ n be us$1 b fill$ ! same z cyl9drical cases1 & foot$ & prim$ 9 ! same mann]4 #i4 ,,roman ,,c&les4--,roman ,c&les are con/ruct$ ne>ly aft] ! mann] ( ,g]bes2 _! cases are made p]fectly cyl9drical1 z above describ$1 & betwe5 ! lay]s ( composition1 are int]pos$ balls1 or />s1 :i* are prep>$ z direct$ 9 ,article #d4 ,9 fill+ & ramm+ ,roman ,c&les1 especial c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! />s are n brok5 9 ! op]ation4 ,:5 ! cases h be5 prop]ly roll$ & dri$1 & _! bottoms firmly secur$ by ty+ !m ) "s /rong tw9e1 x is be/1 previ\s to putt+ 9 ! composition1 to ram a little dry clay1 :i* w fill up ! holl[1 & leave a bett] bottom to ! case4 ,?is be+ prop]ly done1 put 9 a small quantity ( corn p[d]1 & ov] ?is a small piece ( pap]1 j to prev5t ! composition f mix+ ) ! p[d]2 !n z mu* ( ! composition is to be put 9 z w1 :5 ramm$ h>d d[n1 fill ! case ab\t "o six? ( its height2 !n ov] ?is a small piece ( pap] 7cov]+ ab\t two ?irds ( ! diamet]7 z be=e1 !n a little corn p[d]1 & ^u t a ball is to be plac$1 obs]v+ to let ! ball be some:at less ?an ! diamet] ( ! case4 ,ov] ?is fir/ ball m ( ! composition is to be introduc$1 & press$ lightly d[n1 till ! case is ab\t "o ?ird full1 :5 x may be ramm$1 b ) "s g5tle /rokes1 le/ ! ball is brok5 by x2 !n a piece ( pap]1 a little corn p[d]1 & ^u x ano!r ball1 z be=e2 s t ! case aft] ?is mann] w conta9 five or six balls ) regul> b$s ( composition betwe5 !m1 & h ab\t ! same l5g? ( composition above ! highe/ ball4 ,:5 ! case is ?us fill$ x is to be capp$ ) t\*-pap] by pa/+ x r\nd ! orifice1 & a little prim+ ( meal$ p[d] be+ add$1 ! piece is r5d]$ complete4 ,9 reg>d to ! />s or balls1 x is be/ t _! =m be flat & circul>1 or ev5 squ>e r ?an sph]ical1 z !y w be less liable to be injur$ 9 ! fill+2 !y %\ld also be some:at diff]5t 9 size1 :i* is f\nd to add mu* to _! effect2 t is1 let ! fir/ /> be ab\t two ?irds ! diamet] ( ! case1 let ! next be a little l>g]1 & s on increas+ to ! f\r?1 fif?1 or six?1 :i* la/ %\ld fit tight into ! case4 ,obs]ve also to let ! quantity ( p[d] at ! bottom ( ea* ball increase z ! balls increase 9 diamet]1 or z !y come ne>] ! top ( ! case2 n on acc\nt ( ! additional weight ( ! ball1 b1 z on ^? balls situate ne> ! top1 ! =ce ( ! p[d] ceases to act on ! ball1 soon] ?an on ^? situate l[] 9 ! case1 consequ5tly ! =ce to ?r[ ! ball to ! same di/ance mu/ increase proportionally2 ano!r reason = decreas+ ! quantity ( p[d] t[>ds ! bottom is1 t ! same quantity us$ ) ! bottom z ) ! top ball1 w\ld cause ! case to bur/1 & de/roy all ! effect :i* !y are int5d$ to produce4 ,! composition = fill+ w be f\nd 9 ! ,table1 ,section #g4 ,! be/ way ( exhibit+ ^! ,roman ,c&les is to place !m 9 r[s on a /&1 "s fix$ q p]p5dicul>1 o!rs decl9+ at diff]5t angles1 t ! balls may be project$ to v>i\s di/ances1 & produce a m beautiful effect4 ,! greate/ angle ( decl9ation %\ld n exce$ =ty-five or fifty degrees4 ,a v pleas+ v>iety ( ,g]bes may be produc$ by fill+ ! cyl9drical cases ) ! compositions call$ ,*9ese fire1 7see next article17 be+ fill$ ) r$ or :ite1 & us$ ) diff]5t proportions ( ! +r$i5ts1 !y may be ca/ into _m & v>i\s %ades ( col\rs4 #aj4 ,,*9ese ,,fire4--,! pr9cipal +r$i5t :i* =ms ?is beautiful composition1 has be5 already describ$ 9 article #f1 section #b1 "u ! "n ( ,iron-s&2 :at we h to give 9 ?is place is1 ! proportion 9 :i* x is us$ ) ! o!r +r$i5ts2 ! composition is r5d]$ into two p>ticul> di/9ctions1 namely1 r$ & :ite1 & ea* ( !m made ) diff]5t proportions ( ! +r$i5ts accord+ to ! calibres ( ! cases int5d$ to be fill$ ) x1 :i* calibre is e/imat$ by ! weight ( lead balls1 :i* w j fill out _! diamet]1 z 0 taught 9 ! ,article ,g]bes4 ,= ,r$ ,*9ese ,fire4 ,calibres4 ,salt- ,sulphur4 ,*>coal4 ,s& #a/ petre4 ord]4 ,i4 #ab to #af lb4 #a lb4 #c ozs4 #d ozs4 #g ozs4 ,,ii4 #af to #bb lb4 #a lb4 #c ozs4 #e ozs4 #g ozs4 #h drs4 ,,iii4 #bb to #cf lb4 #a lb4 #d ozs4 #f ozs4 #h ozs4 ,= ,:ite ,*9ese ,fire4 ,calibres4 ,salt- ,bruis$ ,*>coal4 ,s& #c;d petre4 p[d]4 ord]4 ,i4 #ab to #af lb4 #a lb4 #ab ozs4 #g ozs4 #h drs4 #aa ozs4 ,,ii4 #af to #bb lb4 #a lb4 #aa ozs4 #h ozs4 #aa ozs4 #h drs4 ,,iii4 #bb to #cf lb4 #a lb4 #aa ozs4 #h ozs4 #h drs4 #ab ozs4 ,aft] c>efully weigh+ ! sev]al +r$i5ts1 obs]ve to sift ! salt-petre & *>coal two or ?ree times ?r\gh a hair sieve 9 ord] t !y may be well mix$2 ! iron-s& is !n to be moi/5$ a little ) br&y or spirits ( w9e1 :i* w make ! sulphur adh]e1 & !y mu/ be well incorporat$4 ,! s& n[ said to be sulphur$1 mu/ be put to ! mixture ( salt-petre & *>coal1 & !n /irr$ & turn$ ab\t till ! p>ts are ?or\ghly incorporat$4 ,,section ,,vi4 ,,rockets4 ,we come n[ to t "p ( our "w :i* treats on ! mo/ beautiful ( all ,pyrote*nic productions4 ,rockets h ev] held ! fir/ place among s+le fire-works s9ce ! inv5tion ( ! art2 & to :i* !y are ju/ly entitl$1 bo? = ! pleas+ appe>ance !y produce :5 fir$ by !mselves1 & ! ext5sive application ( !m to increase ! beauty ( ! o!r exhibitions4 ,!y are call$ by ! ,italians ,ro*ette & ,raggi2 by ! ,g]mans ,raket5 & ,dra*ett52 by ! ,fr5* ,fuses2 & by ! ,lat9s ,ro*et2 f :i* appe>s to be d]iv$ ! "n giv5 !m by ! ,engli%2 s mu* = _! names3--z to _! inv5tion x is mo/ probable t x took place at a v e>ly p]iod1 if n among ! fir/ productions ( ! art4 ,by ! anci5t ,pyrote*nicians1 !y 7 consid]$ z ! mo/ difficult articles ( manufacture1 insomu* t x 0 ! fir/ task enjo9$ to ! disciples ( ,prome!us1#h or pr(essors ( ! art2 & ! goodness ( ! article1 furni%$ a crit]ion ( _! pret5sions4 ,x is to be que/ion$ :e!r ! anci5ts _h su* a v>iety ( ^! articles1 z we n[ h2 b x is pretty c]ta9 t !y 7 well acqua9t$ ) ! prop] proportions ( ! m\lds requisite = _! manufacture1 insomu* t 9 _m ( _! treatises1 we f9d !m employ+ ! mo/ difficult ma!matical calculations1 & giv+ intricate algebraic =mul1 = ! purpose ( f9d+ _! true proportion2 b _m ( su* useless difficulties we %all endeav\r to evade1 & essay to r5d] our explications famili> )\t :olly sacrific+ sci5tific inve/igations4 ,rockets consi/ ( /rong pap] cyl9d]s1 :i* be+ fill$ ) ! prop] composition ramm$ h>d1 & fire be+ appli$ to _! ap]tures !y are caus$ to asc5d into ! air1 or 9 any requir$ directions2 !y h g5]ally a head fix$ to !m conta9+ corn p[d]1 sp>ks1 & _m o!r decorations1 :i*1 :5 ! body ( ! ,rocket is consum$1 take fire1 bur/ 9 ! air1 & produce a mo/ beautiful appe>ance2 ^! are call$ ,sky-rockets4 ,o!rs are made to run ) great velocity along a l9e1 & are !re=e call$ ,l9e-rockets1 or ,c\rant9es4 ,"s are fix$ on ! circumf]5ce1 or on ! axle ( a :eel1 & are d5om9at$ ,:eel-rockets2 :ile ano!r k9d h _! cases made p]fectly wat]-tight1 & be+ fill$ ) /rong] composition1 admit ( be+ plung$ 9 & "u wat] )\t ret>d+ _! inflammation2 ^! receive ! significant appellation ( ,wat]-rockets4 #a4 ,sky-rockets4--,sky-rockets1 9 reg>d to size1 are divid$ into ?ree k9ds1 namely1 ^? ! calibre or int]nal diamet] ( :i* does n exce$ t ( a p\nd bullet2 or hav+ _! orifice equal to a lead5 bullet1 :i* weighs exactly "o p\nd2 = ! relative magnitude ( ,rockets is e/imat$ by ! diamet] ( lead balls or bullets1 aft] ! mann] taught 9 ! ,article ,g]bes4 ,^?1 !re=e1 ! calibre ( :i* does n exce$ a p\nd bullet1 are t]m$ small-size ,rockets2 ^? ^: calibre is f "o to ?ree p\nds are ( ! middle size2 & ^? ^: calibres exce$ ! la/ dim5sions1 are t]m$ ,rockets ( ! l>ge/ size2 or are nam$ aft] _! weight1 e/imat$ z above4 ,we n[ proce$ to describe ! m\lds & app>atus requisite = mak+ ,rockets1 = on ! due proportion ( :i* 7z 0 be=e obs]v$7 dep5ds mu* ( ! goodness ( ! article4 ,^! m\lds are also requisite 9 ord] t any numb] ( ,rockets may be prep>$ ( ! same size & =ce4 ,z ,rockets are made ( v>i\s sizes1 x is evid5t t m\lds ( diff]5t diamet]s mu/ be produc$4 ,fig4 #a1 plate #a1 repres5ts a m\ld made & proportion$ by ! diamet] ( its calibre1 :i* is divid$ into equal p>ts & r5d]$ into scale1 by :i* ! relative proportions may be und]/ood1 m]ely by a contemplation ( ! figure4 ,?us ,a ,b is ! calibre1 or diamet]2 ,c ,d its :ole height1 includ+ ! foot complete1 & equal to eight diamet]s1 z p] scale3 ,e is ! ?ickness ( ! m\ld1 & may be ab\t half a diamet]2 x %\ld be made ( "s h>d wood1 su* z lignum vit1 or box1 & may be ei!r ornam5t$ or pla92 ,f is an iron p91 :i* s]ves to fix ! cyl9d] firm to its foot4 ,fig4 #b1 is ! foot deta*$ f ! cyl9d]1 & drawn 9 true proportion z p] scale2 ,g1 ,h1 ,i1 ,j1 is ! base1 & may be ab\t "o & half diamet] high2 ,k1 ! *oak1 :i* s]ves to connect ! cyl9d] to ! foot2 ,l is ! nipple1 :i* is half a diamet] high1 & 9 ?ickness equal to ! =m]1 or five-eigh?s diamet]2 ,m is ! pi]c]1 ^: height is ?ree diamet]s & a-half f ! nipple1 & at ! bottom "o ?ird or f\r? diamet]1 f !nce tap]+ to "o-six? diamet] 9 ?ickness4 ,?is pi]c] %\ld be ( iron1 & ins]t$ firmly into ! foot2 its purpose is to pres]ve a vacuity 9 ! c5tre ( ! *>ge1 ! nature ( :i* we %all h]eaft] expla94 ,fig4 #c1 is a =m] 9 two pieces1 connect$ by an iron p91 79 diamet] equal to ! bottom ( ! pi]c]17 to :i* bo? ends are r\nd$ (f1 9 ord] t ! *oak or contraction 9 ! c>tridge may be effect$ m easily2 ! diamet] ( ?is =m] mu/ be ! same z t ( ! nipple1 or suppose ! diamet] ( ! m\ld be divid$ into eight equal p>ts1 7:i* is done on "o "p ( ! scale17 !n ! diamet] ( ! =m] mu/ be equal to five ( ^! p>ts4 ,! l5g? ( ?is =m]1 or roll]1 is n p>ticul>1 provid+ x be long en\gh to admit ( good h&-hold 9 ! roll+ ( ! cases2 ! %ort "p ( ! =m] ,a may be two diamet]s 9 l5g?1 & %\ld h a l9e ,b m>k$ r\nd x 9 ! middle1 or "o diamet] f ! end2 ! long] "p may be sev5 or eight diamet]s1 :i* w give good h&-hold 9 ! roll+4 ,fig4 #d & #e1 are ramm]s1 or drift p9s1 us$ 9 load+ ! cases1 :i* mu/ be pi]c$ l5g?wise to fit on to ! pi]c]4 ,fig4 #d4 ,! fir/ ramm] %\ld be pi]c$ ! :ole l5g? ( ! pi]c]1 ! second ramm] %\ld be pi]c$ "o & a half diamet]2 :5 ! case is load$ & ramm$ above ! pi]c]1 a %ort solid ramm] mu/ be us$1 & ^! ramm]s %\ld be a little less ?an ! =m]1 to prev5t injury to ! inside ( ! c>tridge1 :5 driv+ 9 ! *>ge4 ,!y %\ld be made ( "s h>d wood1 & _! extremities secur$ by f]rels ( brass1 or any o!r metal1 :i* w keep !m f splitt+ or ext5d+3 _! l5g?s are ( little consequ5ce1 provid+ !y d n mu* exce$ ! relative dep?s ( ! c>tridge2 =1 z ! workm5 say1 ! long] ! ramm] ! less w be ! pressure on ! composition by ! bl[ giv5 by ! mallet4 ,! proportion betwe5 ! l5g? ( ,rockets & _! calibre1 is n ! same 9 ,rockets ( great] or less dim5sions ?an ^? giv5 above1 b %\ld v>y ne>ly z _! magnitude2 t is to say1 _! l5g? %\ld be dim9i%$ z _! calibre is increas$4 ,! l5g? ( ! m\ld = small ,rockets %\ld be six times ! calibre1 b = ,rockets ( ! mean & l>g] size1 x w be suffici5t if ! l5g? ( ! m\ld be five times1 or ev5 f\r times t ( ! calibre4 ,! foll[+ is a table comput$ to regulate ! height & diamet] ( ! m\ld accord+ to ! weight ( ! ,rockets1 :5 !y are driv5 solid1 or )\t ! use ( a pi]c]4 ,x is extract$ f an old treatise on fire-works by ,lieut5ant ,rob]t ,jones2 & ins]t$ = ! assi/ance ( ^? :o may wi% to con/ruct ,rockets )\t ! pi]c]1 a practice we w\ld nev] recomm5d to ^? = :om our 8,manual0 is design$4 ,to ^? :o manufacture fire-works = sale x is c]ta9ly ! mo/ exp$iti\s me?od to ram !m solid1 & ) ! ma*9e to bore or pi]ce !m aft]w>ds2 b to ^? :o make ,rockets = _! own private recreation1 x is by f> ! mo/ eligible to load !m ov] a pi]c]1 = by ! o!r me?od x w require a v exp5sive app>atus1#i & at fir/ m skill to use x ?an :at ! ,tyro w possess1 & at la/ he w nev] be c]ta9 t he has made a good article4 ,,table ,i4 ,,dim5sions ,,( ,,rockets4 ,l5g? ( ! ,weight ( m\lds )\t ,int]ior diamet] ,heights ( ! ,rockets4 _! feet4 ( ! m\lds4 nipples4 #f lbs4 #cd4g in*es4 #c4e in*es4 #a4e in*es4 #d d4 #ca4f d4 #b4i d4 #a4d d4 #b d4 #ac4c d4 #b4a d4 #a4j d4 #a d4 #ab4b d4 #a4g d4 #j4he d4 #h ozs4 #aj4ab d4 #a4c d4 #j4f d4 #d d4 #g4ge d4 #a4ab d4 #j4e d4 #b d4 #f4b d4 #j4i d4 #j4de d4 #a d4 #d4i d4 #j4g d4 #j4cc d4 d4 #c4g d4 #j4ee d4 #j4be d4 #f drs4 #c4e d4 #j4e d4 #j4bb d4 #d d4 #b4b d4 #j4c d4 #j4b d4 ,by ?is table we f9d t a six-p\nd ,rocket ramm$ solid1 mu/ be ?irty-f\r in*es1 sev5-t5?s 9 l5g?2 its ext]nal diamet] ?ree in*es five-t5?s or ?ree & half in*es1 & ! height ( ! nipple "o in* & a-half4 ,! diamet] ( ! nipple 9 ?is & all o!r cases mu/ be equal to t ( ! =m]1 & 9 reg>d to its height ,i h nev] f\nd x to answ] bett] ?an :5 ! cavity :i* x =m$ at ! m\? ( ! ,rocket 0 hemisph]ical1 or equal 9 height to half its diamet]4 ,we %all n[1 by ! foll[+ table1 %ew ! me?od ( f9d+ ! calibre ( ,rockets accord+ to _! weight1 :i* is comput$ by ! pr9ciples already giv52 t is1 a p\nd ,rocket is su* t its ap]ture w j admit a bullet ( a p\nd weight1 & s ( ! re/4 ,,table ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,calibre ,,( ,,rockets ,,( ,a ,,p\nd ,,weight ,,& ,,bel[4 #af ounces4 #ai l9es4#aj #ad drams4 #g l9es4 #ab d4 #ag d4 #ab d4 #g d4 #h d4 #ae d4 #aj d4 #f d4 #g d4 #ad d4 #h d4 #f d4 #f d4 #ad d4 #f d4 #e d4 #e d4 #ac d4 #d d4 #d d4 #d d4 #ab d4 #b d4 #c d4 #c d4 #aa d4 #b d4 #i d4 #a d4 #f d4 ,! use ( ?is table w be easily und]/ood1 =1 z 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 if a ,rocket ( #af ounces ought to be n9ete5 & a-half l9es 9 diamet]1 "o ( #ab mu/ be #ag l9es1 "o ( #h ounces #ae l9es1 "o ( #h drams six & a-qu>t] l9es2 & s ( ! o!rs4 ,if ! diamet] ( ! ,rocket be giv51 we c z easily1 by ! rev]se me?od1 f9d ! weight ( ! ball correspond+ to t calibre4 ,= example1 if ! diamet] be #ae l9es1 x w be imm$iately se51 by seek+ = t numb] 9 ! column ( l9es1 t x answ]s to a ball ( eight ounces4 ,z ! =ego+ table ext5ds only to ,rockets ( #af ounces1 or "o p\nd1 & f t d[nw>ds1 ! foll[+ w be f\nd equally useful = ^? ( sup]ior dim5sions4 ,,table ,,iii4 ,,( ,,! ,,calibre ,,( ,,m\lds ,,f #a ,,to #eg ,,p\nds ,,ball4 ,p\nds4 ,calibre4 ,p\nds4 ,calibre4 ,p\nds4 ,calibre4 #a #ajj #bj #bga #ci #cci #b #abf #ba #bge #dj #cda #c #add #bb #bhb #da #cdd #d #aeh #bc #bhd #db #cdg #e #aga #bd #bhh #dc #cej #f #aha #be #bib #dd #cec #g #aia #bf #bif #de #cee #h #bjj #bg #cjj #df #ceh #i #bjh #bh #cjd #dg #cfa #aj #bae #bi #cjg #dh #cfc #aa #bbb #cj #caj #di #cff #ab #bbh #ca #bad #ej #cfh #ac #bce #cb #cag #ea #cga #ad #bda #cc #cbj #eb #cgc #ae #bdg #cd #cbc #ec #cgf #af #beb #ce #cbf #ed #cgh #ag #beg #cf #ccj #ee #chj #ah #bfb #cg #ccc #ef #chb #ai #bfg #ch #ccf #eg #che ,by ?is ,table1 ! weight ( ! ball be+ giv51 ! size ( ! m\ld may be f\nd aft] ! foll[+ mann]3 suppose x be #ah p\nds2 opposite to x1 9 ! column ( calibres1 is #bfb2 !n say by ! rule ( proportion1 z #ajj is to #ai & a half1 s is #bfb to a f\r? t]m1 viz4 #ea4ji :i* is ! numb] ( l9es ( ! calibre requir$2 !re=e1 ! ,calibre ( a ,rocket ( #ah p\nds1 w be #eb l9es ne>ly1 or #d in*es & #d l9es4 ,! calibre may be also f\nd by multiply+ ! numb] answ]+ to ! p\nds by #ai1 & cutt+ (f f ! product ! two la/ figures2 ?us suppose ! numb] be #beb1 :i* multiply by #ai1 ! product #diad sep>at$ by ! decimal po9t w give #di4ad1 or f\r in*es a l9e & "o-eigh?4 ,n[ suppose ! calibre to be giv5 9 l9es1 ! weight ( ! ball may be f\nd ) equal ease1 e4 g4 if ! calibre giv5 be #cf l9es1 !n z #ai 3 #ajj 33 #cf 3 #ahd2 ! ne>e/ numb] 9 ! table to ?is is #aha1 :i* %ews t ! weight ( ! ball w be r m ?an six p\nds2 !re=e a ,rocket1 ! calibre ( :i* is #cf l9es1 is a ,rocket ( a six p\nd ball4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,tables4 ,,table ,i gives ! dim5sions ( ,rocket m\lds :5 ! ,rockets are ramm$ solid2 x 0 calculat$1 z its ,au?or in=ms u1 f repeat$ exp]im5ts2 we ins]t x = ! in=mation ( our read]s1 b we w\ld advise none to practise ! me?od ( solid ramm+4 ,,table ,,ii4--,?is table may be p]fectly und]/ood by ! explanation giv5 ( its use1 & f consid]+ t a lead bullet ( a p\nd weight1 is j #ai l9es 9 diamet]1 z may be prov$ by exp]im5t2 ! inf]ior numb]s are likewise ! diamet]s ( ! inf]ior weight4 ,,table ,,iii4--,?is table is only an ext5sion ( ! latt]1 al?\gh its arrangem5t is some:at diff]5t2 = if #ai1 ! diamet] ( a ball weigh+ "o p\nd1 be assum$ z unity ) any numb] ( cyph]s1 answ]+ to ! numb] ( p>ts :i* ! same diamet] is divid$ into1 7:i* may be done by means ( ! diagonal scale17 let ?is numb] be #ajj1 :i* answ]s to "o 9 ! column ( p\nds3--t is to say1 if y assume #ajj = ! fir/ numb]1 & x be rose to ! ?ird p[]1#aa y\r fir/ cube w be #a1jjj1jjj1 ! cube root ( :i* 7be+ #ajj7 mu/ be plac$ 9 y\r table z ! fir/ root1 & answ]+ to unity 9 ! column ( p\nds3 !n = ! second numb]1 :i* is two p\nds1 we mu/ extract ! cube root ( d\ble t numb]1 viz4 #b1jjj1jjj1 :i* w be #abf ne>ly1 7or cont9u$ to m places #a1bei1iba7 & ?is w be ! second numb] 9 y\r ,table2 & 9 ! same mann] w ! ?ird numb] be f\nd1 t is1 by trebl+ ! fir/ cube & extract+ ! root z be=e1 :i* w be #add1 & s ( ! fif?1 six?1 c4 to ! end ( ! table4 ,^! tables are indisp5sable 9 ! mak+ ( ,rockets1 9 ord] to pres]ve an uni=mity 9 ,rockets ( ! same k9d1 & to r5d] m c]ta9 _! effects1 z has be5 corroborat$ by repeat$ exp]im5ts4 ,prep>+ ! ,c>tridges4--,= ?is purpose l>ge /iff pap] ( a p>ticul> k9d is to be us$2 namely1 t :i* f be+ pr9cipally us$ = ?is purpose1 is kn[n by ! "n ( ,c>tridge pap]4 ,= cases f ! smalle/ size1 up to five or six p\nds1 ?is is ! be/ mat]ial we c employ2 x mu/ be wrapp$ r\nd ! =m]1 7^: proportion to ! m\ld we h already giv57 till x fits tight into ! cyl9d]1 & ! la/ fold secur$ by means ( common pa/e4 ,if "s ?9 pa/e is us$ ?r\gh\t ! roll+1 ! cases w be mu* improv$4 ,= ,rockets ( a l>g] size1 ! cases mu/ be made ( "s /rong] mat]ial1 su* z pa/ebo>d1 ( ! ?9 & inf]ior k9d1 ! folds ( :i* mu/ be well secur$ ) "s /rong pa/e or glue4 ,9 mak+ ! cases a patt]n ( ! out] fold1 ) "o end slop$ (f1 %\ld be pres]v$ = ea* size1 & on x m>k$ ! numb] ( %eets or folds requisite to make t size c>tridge4 ,?is me?od w help to ensure a regul>ity 9 ! make & =mation ( ! cases4 ,! pap] be+ prep>$ ( ! prop] size1 "o "p ( ! fir/ %eet mu/ be fold$ d[n s f>1 t ! d\ble ?ickness w g two or ?ree times r\nd ! =m]2 ! =m] is !n to be laid on ?is d\ble edge1 & ! h&le project+ ov] ! table1 ! pap] is to be wrapt r\nd )9 two or ?ree turns2 :5 a second %eet is to be laid on ! loose "p ( ! fir/1 & !n roll ! :ole ( x tight & ev5ly on ! =m]2 ^! two %eets %\ld be ( l5g?s suffici5t = ! size ( ! case1 b if !y are n1 a ?ird mu/ be add$ 9 ! same mann] z ! second4 ,= ! purpose ( roll+ ! cases tight & ev51 !y are pass$ two or ?ree times "u ! roll+-bo>d1 7:i* is a smoo? piece ( deal ab\t eighte5 in*es long1 & 9 bread? equal to ! l5g? ( ! ,rocket1 ) a h&le at ! top1 :5 complete some?+ simil> to a plai/]]'s float27 tak+ c>e to roll !m ! same way z 9 roll+ !m on ! =m]4 ,! c>tridge be+ =m$ to ! prop] size1 & ! la/ fold be+ secur$ by pa/e1 c4 x is n[ to receive ! contraction1 or1 z x is g5]ally t]m$1 ! *oak2 :i* is effect$ by ! simple app>atus repres5t$ by ,fig4 #g4 ,let ! =m] & small end-piece be n[ jo9$ by means ( _! connect+ wire1 & let ! %ort piece be ?ru/ into ! case z f> z ! l9e ,b1 m>k$ r\nd x = ! purpose2 !n pass ! cord once r\nd ! case1 exactly ov] ! juncture ( ! =m]s1 & at fir/ press g5tly ) ! foot on ! treadle1 & keep roll+ ! case on ! l9e1 :i* w cause ! *oak to be free f wr9kles & o!r inequalities4 ,cases ( small dim5sions may be easily contract$ aft] ! above mann]1 b :5 ( l>g] size1 !y w pres5t m resi/ance to ! *oak+ cord ?an x w be able to ov]come2 b ?is difficulty may be obviat$1 by moi/5+ ) wat] ! end ( ! case1 & *oak+ x previ\s to ! envelope ( ! la/ %eet2 :i* may !n be put on1 & aga9 *oak$1 & ! contraction well secur$ by tw9e1 or /rong wax$ ?read1 :i* mu/ be pass$ sev]al times r\nd ! c>tridge1 & aft]w>ds secur$ by two or ?ree runn+ knots made "o above ano!r4 ,! case 7/ill rema9+ on ! =m]17 is n[ to be ins]t$ into ! cyl9drical m\ld )\t its foot1 & set ^u "s solid block1 & ! =m] driv5 h>d ^u its end-piece1 s z to make ! contraction smoo? & close2 aft] :i* ! case is to be cut to its prop] l5g?1 s z to rise a little above ! m\ld1 & all[+ half a diamet] f ! *oak to ! edge ( ! m\?3 ! cutt+ ! case to its prop] l5g? w be be/ effect$ :ile on ! =m]1 :i* :5 done1 ! =m] is to be pull$ out1 & ! case be+ put aga9 into ! m\ld1 hav+ ! foot & pi]c] prop]ly fix$ to x1 mu/ be driv5 d[n ^u ! pi]c] ) ! long p]=at$ ramm]1 s z to make ! contraction ( ! prop] size4 ,fill+ & ramm+ ! cases4--,9 ?is "p ( ! op]ation1 we mu/ be z c>eful z 9 any ( ! pa/2 = if any inequality exi/ 9 ! d5sity ( ! composition1 produc$ by inatt5tion to ! ramm+1 ! ,rockets w n rise ) an uni=m motion1 nor asc5d to _! prop] height2 b on ! contr>y1 w obs]ve a v erratic motion1 & be deflect$ by e r5it5t p>ticle !y may meet ) 9 _! c\rse4 ,to avoid ?is disappo9tm5t1 & to r5d] m c]ta9 ! asc5t ( ! ,rockets1 ! foll[+ directions mu/ be att5d$ to3-- #a4 ,y\r composition mu/ n be too dry1 or x w be liable to disp]se1 & fly ab\t 9 a k9d ( subtile meal or du/1 :ile y are driv+ x2 b if y moi/5 x a little j to de/roy its du/y nature ) "s ( ! liquid m5tion$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( our ,,manual1 x w cause x to collect1 & be m solidly compress$ 9 ! case ( ! ,rocket4 #b4 ,no m ( ! composition %\ld be put into ! case at ea* ramm+1 ?an w cause x to rise "o half ( its int]ior diamet]2 & ! fill+ mu/ be ?us gradually cont9u$1 till ! *>ge rises exactly "o diamet] above ! pi]c]4 #c4 ,mu* has be5 said by writ]s on ,pyrote*ny respect+ ! numb] ( bl[s prop] to be giv5 to ! ramm]1 to ea* ladle full ( composition1 7a piece ( copp] made into ! =m ( a scoop1 & hold+ ! prop] quantity answ]s be/ = a ladle27 "s h assign$ to ,rockets ( f\r ounces sixte5 /rokes ) ! mallet1 to ^? ( "o p\nd tw5ty-eight /rokes1 & s increas+ ! numb] ( /rokes by six1 to e p\nd2 b 9 our op9ion ^! rules are m ridicul\s ?an useful2 = ! same mallet1 by possess+ a diff]5t mom5tum1 might produce an effect1 at "o "t d\ble1 treble1 or p]haps less1 ?an at ano!r4 ,x is !re=e impossible to assign any det]m9ate numb] ( /rokes1 to be giv5 at ea* ramm+2 ! only c]ta9 rule is1 t ! composition ought to be driv5 till x becomes q firm & compact1 & t its d5sity 7z ne> z possible7 be ! same ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! *>ge4 ,if ! rules = ! numb] ( /rokes assi/ 9 any way to imp>t ?is prop]ty to ! *>ge1 we h n ! lea/ wi% to depreciate !m4 #d4 ,9 ramm+1 x is be/ to keep ! ramm] con/antly turn+ r\nd 9 ! case1 & 9 us+ ! p]=at$ ramm]1 be sure to knock out ! composition f ! holl[ e ramm+1 or x w be liable to be split by ! pi]c]4 #e4 ,inv]t ! c>tridge at ! close ( ea* ramm+1 9 ord] t ! loose p>ticles ( ! composition :i* are n compress$ may escape1 = if suff]$ to rema9 9 !y w\ld prove injuri\s to ! article4 #f4 ,rockets %\ld always be ramm$ on a solid block1 or on a po/ set fa/ into ! e>?2 _! ramm+ _c be prop]ly effect$ on any table :atev]4 #g4 ,rockets mu/ be ramm$ ) mallets some:at proportionate to _! magnitude2 t is1 if a ,rocket ( "o p\nd c be prop]ly ramm$ ) a mallet weigh+ two p\nds1 a ,rocket ( two p\nds %\ld be ramm$ ) a mallet ( f\r p\nds1 or ne>ly 9 t proportion4 ,rockets above eight p\nds _c well be ramm$ by h&2 b :5 want$ ( su* magnitude !y mu/ be ramm$ by means ( a ma*9e simil> to t us$ = driv+ piles into ! e>?2 ,rockets ( l>ge dim5sions1 ^: cases are made ( a /rong mat]ial1 prop]ly prep>$1 may be conv5i5tly ramm$ )\t be+ plac$ 9 a cyl9d]1 :i* w be an advantage1 z s _m m\lds w n be requir$4 ,b = ?is me?od ( ramm+ we mu/ be prep>$ ) "s brass or iron nipples1 ( ! size proportionate to ! ,rocket1 :i* %\ld be made to screw into "o "p ( ! driv+ block2 & = ! purpose ( mak+ ! case m firm ^u x :ile ramm+1 a /ake or upright piece mu/ be made firm to ! block1 /&+ up ! height ( ! case1 & at a suitable di/ance f ! nipple2 ! side ( ?is /ake next ! case mu/ be flut$ out s t ! case w fit closely into x2 on ! opposite side ( ! case mu/ be appli$ a loose piece flut$ 9 a simil> mann]2 !n ) a cord tie ! case & two half m\lds 7:i* ^! two pieces w ne>ly =m7 toge!r1 & ! case w be ready = fill+4 ,! c>tridges be+ fill$ to ! prop] height1 i4 e4 "o diamet] above ! pi]c]1 if ! ,rocket is to be )\t furniture1 sep>ate ) a wire ( any k9d1 half ! folds ( ! pap] :i* rema9s above1 & hav+ turn$ !m back on ! composition1 press !m d[n ) ! rod & mallet 9 ord] to make !m smoo? & ev54 ,!n pi]ce ?ree or f\r holes 9 ! fold$ pap] by means ( a pi]c]1 :i* mu/ be made to p5etrate to ! composition ( ! ,rocket4 ,^! holes are = ! purpose ( =m+ a communication betwe5 ! body ( ! ,rocket & ! vacuity at ! extremity ( ! c>riage1 z x is call$1 or t "p :i* has be5 left empty4 ,9 small ,rockets ?is vacuity is fill$ ) granulat$ p[d]1 7:i* s]ves to let !m (f :5 _! *>ge is consum$27 !y are !n cov]$ ) pap]1 & ei!r p9*$ q close by means ( ! *oak+ app>atus1 or cr[n$ ) a little conical cap1 :i* w cause x to asc5d to a great] height4 ,if "o hole only is made 9 ! c5tre ( ! fold$ pap]1 x w answ] ! purpose ( ?ree or f\r1 tak+ c>e t x be z /raight z possible1 & ab\t "o-f\r? ! diamet] ( ! calibre ( ! case2 9 ?is hole a little ( ! composition ( ! rocket %\ld be put t ! fire may n fail to be communicat$3--a ,rocket f9i%$ aft] ?is mann] is repres5t$ 9 fig4 #bc4 ,9 ,rockets ( l>g] dim5sions1 in/ead ( granulat$ p[d]1 ! c(f9s1 or pot conta9+ ! />s1 s]p5ts1 pet>ds1 c4 are adapt$ to ! top ( ! case3 ! pet>d is a small r\nd box ( t9-plate unit$ to ! diamet] ( ! case1 & fill$ ) f9e gunp[d]2 x is deposit$ on ! composition aft] ! ramm+1 & ! rema9+ pap] fold$ d[n ov] x to keep x secure2 ! pet>d produces its effect :5 ! ,rocket is 9 ! air & ! composition is consum$4 ,! o!r furniture is atta*$ to ! ,rocket by adju/+ to its head an empty pot or c>tridge ( l>g] dim5sions ?an itself1 9 ord] t x may conta9 ! v>i\s app5dages1 :i* are to r5d] x s sup]ior to ! o!rs1 9 ! beauty & spl5d\r ( its emication4 ,prep>+ & fix+ ! pots to ! head ( ,rockets4--,rockets :i* h furniture atta*$ to !m1 are ramm$ some:at diff]5t to ^? :i* are )\t any app5dages1 b ! diff]5ce is only 9 ?is p>ticul>2 :5 ramm$ "o diamet] above ! pi]c]1 in/ead ( turn+ d[n ^u ! composition ! inn] folds ( ! pap]1 ram on to ! composition "o-?ird diamet] ( pure dry clay1 & ?r\gh ! c5tre ( x bore a hole 7ab\t "o f\r? diamet]7 & put into x a little ( ! composition1 9 ord] t ! *>ge may communicate ) ! p[d]1 c4 9 ! head4 ,! head ( a ,rocket mu/ be ab\t two diamet]s high1 & "o diamet] "o-six? wide4 ,! case mu/ be roll$ ^u a =m]1 hav+ at ! end opposite ! h&le a squ>e ind5t1 correspond+ to ! ?ickness & wid? ( ! coll>1 z is repres5t$ 9 fig4 #i4 ,fig4 #aj is ! coll>1 turn$ out ( lime-tree1 popl>1 or any light wood2 its ext]ior diamet] mu/ be equal to ! int]ior diamet] ( ! case1 or ! same z ! =m]1 & its int]ior diamet]1 n q s wide z ! int]ior diamet] ( ! ,rocket case2 9 ?ickness x %\ld be equal to "o-six? diamet]1 & r\nd its edge %\ld be a groove1 s t ! case = ! head may be firmly fix$ to x4 ,to =m ! case1 ?ree or f\r r\nds ( pap] or pa/ebo>d mu/ be roll$ r\nd ! =m]1 ) ! coll> on1 & well secur$ by pa/e2 ! end ov] ! coll> is to be p9*$ by means ( ! cord & *oak+ app>atus into ! groove 9 its edge1 & aft]w>ds secur$ by "s tw9e ti$ closely r\nd x4 ,! purpose ( ! coll> is to keep ! head 9 a prop] =m1 to make a bottom = ! fill+ ( x1 & to make x m firm & bett] connect$ to ! case4 ,:5 ! head is ?us made1 be+ prop]ly fix$ to its coll>1 x is to be made fa/ 7by means ( ord9>y glue7 to ! top end ( ! ,rocket1 9 :i* op]ation ! reason & use ( mak+ ! int]ior diamet] ( ! coll> less ?an ! ext]ior ( ! c>tridge w pla9ly appe>2 x w be evid5t t ! c>tridge ( ! ,rocket w be too l>ge = ! =m]1 )\t "s alt]ation1 :i* alt]ation mu/ be made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--m>k r\nd ! diamet] ( ! ,rocket ! prop] di/ance f ! top1 or s t ! coll> is ab\t its ?ickness above ! ramm+ ( ! c>tridge1 & take (f ab\t ?ree r\nds ( pap]1 :i* w leave a %\ld] to ! case1 on :i* ! coll> may re/1 & be made q secure by pa/+ pap] r\nd _! jo9+s b5ea?4 ,9 ! mann] ( *>g+ ! pot above describ$ we mu/ almo/ leave ! ,tyro to himself1 x dep5d+ *iefly on 8 ta/e & wi%es1 z he may ei!r fill x ) ,s]p5ts1 ,crack]s1 ,saucissons1 ,m>roons1 ,/>s1 ,sp>ks1 ,%[]s ( ,fire1 or any ?+ to :i* its capacity is adapt$2 x w be be/ h[ev] to unite sev]al ( ! diff]5t articles 9 "o head t ! beauty ( ! exhibition may be increas$4 ,9 ! fill+ ( ! head1 ! foll[+ directions mu/ be obs]v$3-- ,! pap] ov] ! *>ge ( ! ,rocket mu/ be pi]c$1 & a little ( ! same composition %ook into ! holes2 !n arrange 9 ! head ! diff]5t articles ) :i* x is to be *>g$1 b take p>ticul> c>e t ! quantity introduc$ is n heavi] ?an ! body ( ! ,rocket4 ,:5 ! head is load$1 a few balls ( pap] %\ld be put r\nd ! diff]5t articles s z to keep !m prop]ly 9 _! places4 ,at ! top "p ( ea* head put a ladle full ( meal p[d]1 7! ladle y use 9 fill+ ! cases is meant17 :i* w be en\gh to bur/ ! head & disp]se ! />s or :atev] x conta9s4 ,9 load+ ! head ) cases ( any k9d be sure to place _! m\?s d[nw>d )\t any t\*-pap]2 ! head may be ne>ly fill$1 ) ! articles !y are load$ )1 aft] :i* pa/e on ! top ( !m a piece ( ord9>y pap]2 & ov] ?is mu/ be plac$ a cone ( ! same mat]ial1 made ^u ! conical =m]1 fig4 #h4 ,to make ! caps1 describe 7) a pair ( compasses op5$ to ! l5g? ( ! =m]7 a circle1 :i* be+ divid$ into two equal p>ts1 w make two caps2 ov] :i* mu/ be pa/$ ano!r simil> cap1 b ( l>g] dim5sions1 s t x ext5d bel[ ! bottom ( ! inn] "o2 s t be+ j clipp$ a little & appli$ to ! head1 x may be pa/$ to x1 :i* w be a suffici5t fa/5+4 ,! la/ bus9ess 9 ! manufactur+ ( a ,rocket is t ( fix+ x to its rod1 :i* we %all n[ describe1 z mu* nicety be+ requir$ 9 x z 9 any ( ! pa/ op]ations4 ,! rod %\ld be made ( a clean piece ( fir1 p]fectly /raight1 & its dim5sions regulat$ by ! size ( ! ,rocket1 9 su* mann]1 t :5 susp5d$ on ! edge ( a knife or wire1 ab\t an in* f ! *oak1 ! rod & ,rocket %all be 9 equilibrium4 ,! foll[+ ,table has be5 comput$ = ! l5g?s & proportions ( ! rod1 & may be reli$ on3-- ,weight #ab,l5g? ( ,?ickness & ,squ>e ( ! ! ,rods4 ,wid? at top4 at ,rockets4 ,bottom4 ---------------------------------------- ------ lb4 oz4 ,feet4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 ---------------------------------------- ------ #f #j #ad #b #a by #a #j #e #j #ac #h #a -- #a #j #d #j #ab #i #a -- #a #j #c #j #aj #h #a-a_/g -- #a #j #b #j #i #c #a -- #a #j #a #j #g #aj -- #j #j #h #f #f -- #j #j #d #e #b -- #j #j #b #d #a #c_/aj -- #j #c_/af #j #a #c #e -- #j #c_/af #j #b #c #c_/af -- #j #j #a #aj -- #c_/af #j ,by ! above ,table we f9d t a ,rocket ( six p\nds w require a rod #ad feet #b in*es long1 :i* be+ prop]ly plan$ to ! o!r dim5sions1 is to be holl[$ out on ! side next ! ,rocket2 & on ! side opposite1 two not*es mu/ be made1 "o ab\t an in* f ! end1 7! rod go+ up to ! "u side ( ! head17 & ! o!r opposite ! *oak ( ! ,rocket1 9 ord] to admit ! /r+ ) :i* x is ti$1 & t x may be m firmly atta*$ to ! rod4 ,al?\gh ! =ego+ ,table has be5 c>efully comput$1 & t f exp]im5t1 yet x w n be well to dep5d entirely ^u x1 b r to produce an equilibrium betwe5 ! rod & ,rocket1 7by means ( a light] or heavi] rod17 :5 susp5d$ z be=e4 ,x is ( consequ5ce t ?is is att5d$ to2 = )\t a prop] equilibrium1 ! ,rocket w asc5d 9 an oblique direction1 & fall to ! gr\nd long be=e its composition is consum$4 ,9 fir+ ^! ,rockets1 two fix$ r+s mu/ be screw$ fa/ into an upright po/1 & exactly opposite to ea* o!r1 ! upp] "o ne> ! top ( ! po/1 & ! o!r ab\t two-?irds ! l5g? ( ! rod d[nw>ds2 ! rod mu/ be pass$ d[n !m1 & ! m\? re/+ lightly on ! upp] "o1 ! ,rocket mu/ be q free f ! po/4 ,:5 ?us fix$ & a light$ port-fire is appli$ to its m\?1 x w 7if prop]ly made17 imm$iately asc5d ) a prodigi\s velocity1 & hav+ atta9$ its greate/ height w !re bur/ & dis*>ge its lum9\s beauties 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,a ,rocket ) its head & rod complete is repres5t$ at fig4 #bb4 ,,! ,,composition ,,= ,,rockets4 ,z we wi% to complete ! article ,rockets 9 ?is section1 we %all "h give ! composition prop] = fill+ !m1 :i* mu/ v>y 9 ! proportion ( its +r$i5ts accord+ to ! size ( ! ,rocket2 ?is v>iation 9 ! /r5g? ( ! composition1 is positively necess>y2 = t :i* is prop] = small ,rockets1 w\ld be mu* too /rong = l>ge ones1 !re=e its /r5g? %\ld increase ne>ly z ! dim5sions ( ! ,rockets decrease4 #a4 ,= "o & two ounce ,rockets1 ! +r$i5ts = a prop] composition %\ld be-- ,"o p\nd ( gunp[d]1 two ounces ( s(t *>coal1 & "o ounce & a-half ( salt-petre4 #b4 ,two to ?ree ounce ,rockets3-- ,to f\r ounces ( gunp[d]1 add "o ounce ( *>coal1 or to n9e ounces ( p[d]1 add two ounces ( salt-petre4 #c4 ,f\r ounce ,rockets3-- ,to "o p\nd ( gunp[d]1 add f\r ounces ( salt-petre1 & "o ounce ( *>coal4 ,! composition w be mu* /rong] if 9 ?is proportion3--,to t5 ounces ( p[d]1 add ?ree ounces & a-half ( salt-petre1 & ?ree ounces ( *>coal4 #d4 ,five or six ounce ,rockets3-- ,gunp[d] two p\nd five ounces1 salt-petre half-a-p\nd1 sulphur two ounces1 *>coal six ounces1 & iron-fil+s two ounces4 #e4 ,sev5 or eight ounce ,rockets3-- ,gunp[d] sev5te5 ounces1 salt-petre f\r ounces1 sulphur ?ree ounces4 #f4 ,eight to t5 ounce ,rockets3-- ,gunp[d] two p\nds five ounces1 salt-petre eight ounces1 sulphur two ounces1 *>coal sev5 ounces1 iron-fil+s ?ree ounces4 #g4 ,t5 or twelve ounce ,rockets3-- ,gunp[d] "o p\nd "o ounce1 salt-petre f\r ounces1 sulphur ?ree & a-half ounces1 *>coal "o ounce4 #h4 ,twelve to f\rte5 ounce ,rockets3-- ,gunp[d] two p\nds f\r ounces1 salt-petre n9e ounces1 sulphur ?ree ounces1 *>coal five ounces1 iron-fil+s ?ree ounces4 #i4 ,"o p\nd ,rockets3-- ,gunp[d] "o p\nd1 *>coal ?ree ounces1 sulphur "o ounce4 #aj4 ,two p\nd ,rockets3-- ,gunp[d] "o p\nd f\r ounces1 salt-petre two ounces1 *>coal ?ree ounces1 sulphur "o ounce1 iron-fil+s two ounces4 #aa4 ,?ree p\nd ,rockets3-- ,gunp[d] f\r ounces1 salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur eight & a-half ounces1 *>coal two ounces4 #ab4 ,f\r p\nd ,rockets3-- ,gunp[d] half-a-p\nd1 salt-petre fifte5 p\nds1 sulphur two p\nds1 *>coal six p\nds4 ,= ,rockets ( ! l>ge/ size3-- ,to eight p\nds ( salt-petre1 add tw5ty ounces ( sulphur1 & =ty-f\r ounces ( *>coal4 ,! sev]al +r$i5ts %\ld be ea* gr\nd sep>ately1 & sift$1 & aft]w>ds weigh$ & mix$ toge!r1 9 read9ess = load+ ! c>tridges ,we n[ proce$ to describe "s ( ! v>i\s modifications :i* ,rockets are susceptible ( 9 _! exhibitions2 9 :i* we %all endeav\r to bl5d ! mo/ prom95t features3 7 we to attempt to give ! :ole1 x w\ld annihilate ! purpose ( our "w2 inde$ x is impossible to set limits to ! field ( v>iety :i* "h op5s itself2 we %all !re=e describe a few ( ! mo/ p>ticul>1 & leave ! re/ to ! ,tyro1 assur+ him x w af=d a pleas+ s\rce ( amusem5t1 & furni% excell5t matt] = ! ex]cise ( 8 +5uity4 #a4 ,,to ,,cause ,a ,,rocket ,,to ,,asc5d ,,9 ,a ,,spiral ,,=m4 ,! rod ( a ,rocket has be5 comp>$ to ! rudd] ( a %ip1 or tail ( a bird2 ! purpose ( :i* is to make ! %ip or bird turn t[>ds t side to :i* x is incl9$2 a /raight rod1 z exp]i5ce proves1 causes a ,rocket to asc5d 9 a /raight l9e1 because ! c5tre ( gravity lays 91 or is p>allel to ! c5tre l9e ( ! rod2 b if we apply a crook$ rod1 or "o t =ms "p ( a circle1 ?is w n be ! case1 = ! fir/ effect w be to make ! ,rocket incl9e t[>ds t side to :i* x is b5t2 b ! c5tre ( gravity br++ x aft]w>ds into a v]tical position ! result w be1 t ! ,rocket w asc5d 9 a spiral =m4 ,rockets exhibit$ 9 ?is way1 evid5tly displace a great] volume ( air1 !re=e z a consequ5ce !y _c asc5d s high z ^? t are impell$ 9 a /raight direction2 b1 nev]!less1 _! peculi> flight w produce a v pleas+ effect4 #b4 ,,t[]+ ,,rockets4 ,s call$ f _! asc5d+ to a great] height ?an any o!rs2 x is effect$ by fix+ "o ,rocket on ! top ( ano!r ( sup]ior dim5sions3--?us1 suppose ! l[] "o to be a twelve-ounce1 !n ! upp] "o %\ld be a ?ree-ounce ,rocket2 ! l>g] "o mu/ h a small head =m$ r\nd its own diamet]1 !n place ! m\? ( ! small] "o 9 x2 ! m\? %\ld be rubb$ ) meal$ p[d] wett$ ) spirits ( w9e2 ! bore 9 ! *>ge %\ld n be fill$1 b h ins]t$ 9 x a bit ( quick-mat*1 ! o!r end ( :i* %\ld ent] ! p]=ations at ! top ( ! great] ,rocket1 :i* w =m a communication betwe5 !m4 ,! l>ge ,rocket mu/ be fill$ only half a diamet] above ! pi]c]2 if fill$ high]1 x w beg9 to desc5d be=e ! upp] has tak5 fire1 & produce no additional effect4 ,! =ce by :i* ! small ,rocket goes (f1 w be suffici5t to dis5gage x f ! o!r1 )\t ! use ( p[d] to effect x2 "o r\nd ( pap] pa/$ r\nd ! juncture ( ! two ,rockets w be suffici5t to connect !m toge!r4 ,9 reg>d to ! rods = ,t[]+ ,rockets1 ! same pr9ciples are to be appli$ z = ! o!rs4 #c4 ,,honor>y ,,rockets4 ,take ab\t a p\nd ,rocket ( our fir/ description1 su* z is repres5t$ 9 fig4 #bc2 !n on ! case1 close to ! top ( ! rod1 tie on1 9 a transv]se direction1 a two-ounce case1 :i* %\ld be fill$ ) a /rong *>ge1 & *oak$ q close at bo? ends2 !n t[>ds ea* end1 & 9 ! rev]se sides1 bore a hole ( mod]ate size1 & f ea* c>ry a lead] into ! top ( ! l>ge ,rocket4 ,:5 ! ,rocket atta9s its greate/ height1 x communicates fire to ! cross "o at top2 f ! holes be+ made 9 a transv]se direction1 w turn r\nd v fa/1 & repres5t 9 its return to ! gr\nd1 a spiral ( desc5d+ fire4 ,!re are sev]al o!r me?ods ( adju/+ ! small case2 "o consi/s 9 lett+ ! rod rise ab\t an in* or some:at m above ! top ( ! ,rocket1 & ty+ ! case to x1 s z to re/ on ! ,rocket2 :5 adju/$ aft] ?is mann]1 ! ,rockets %\ld be )\t _! conical cap4 #d4 ,,caduceus#ac ,,rockets4 ,if two ,rockets be fix$ obliquely on ! opposite sides ( a rod1 !y w =m 9 _! flight two spiral l9es2 !y mu/ exactly balance ea* o!r on ! opposite side ( ! rod1 or !y w n rise 9 a v]tical direction4 ,bo? ends ( ! ,rockets mu/ be *oak$ close1 )\t ei!r head or b\nce1 = a weight atta*$ to !m w\ld ob/ruct _! asc5t4 ,! rod prop] = ^! ,rockets %\ld be squ>e1 & at top equal to ! bread? ( a rod = a common s+le ,rocket1 ( ! same weight z ^? y int5d to use1 & long en\gh to be 9 equilibrium1 :5 susp5d$ "o l5g? ( ! ,rocket f ! cross piece ,a1 fig4 #bd1 ^: l5g? %\ld be equal to ab\t sev5 diamet]s ( ! ,rocket1 & plac$ ab\t six diamet]s f ! top ( ! l>ge rod2 s t :5 fix$1 !y w =m ) ! p]p5dicul>s an angle ( ab\t #ee or #fj degrees4 ,! heads ( ! ,rockets %\ld be plac$ on ! opposite sides ( ! cross piece1 & _! ends on ! same ( ! l>ge rod2 !n _! m\?s mu/ be connect$ by a lead]1 :i*1 :5 !y are fir$1 mu/ be burn$ ?r\gh ! middle1 & !n !y w ex]t _! asc5d+ =ces at ! same "t4 #e4 ,,signal ,,rockets4 ,^! are ( two k9ds1 namely1 ^? :i* h reports & ^? :i* h n4 ,! fir/ k9d may be made some:at long] 9 proportion ?an ord9>y1 by ab\t "o or two diamet]s1 & on _! *>ge mu/ be driv5 a great] quantity ( clay ?an usual2 aft]w>ds _! b\nce1 *oak1 & cap1 may be effect$ aft] ! mann] be=e describ$4 ,:5 ( ! second k9d _! cases & rods mu/ be made v light2 9 o!r respects !y are simil> to ! common sky-,rocket :5 )\t any app5dages4 ,bo? ! fir/ & latt] k9d are frequ5tly fir$ 9 gr\ps ( six1 eight1 t51 c2 & consid]$ z signals = ! exhibition ( pieces ( great] magnitude4 ,:5 sev]al ( ^! are prop]ly fix$ to "o rod1 & fir$ toge!r1 !y =m 9 _! flight a mo/ beautiful appe>ance1 = be+ s connect$1 _! emissions w unite1 & =m a tail ( /up5d\s magnitude1 & ! bur/+ ( s _m heads at once1 w produce a gr& explosion1 n unlike 7?\gh less productive ( injury7 ! bur/+ ( a balloon 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,:5 ,rockets are arrang$ 9 ?is mann]1 p>ticul> c>e mu/ be obs]v$1 9 _! fill+ & ramm+1 z well z 9 _! exact uni=mity ( weight1 else success is prec>i\s4 ,! rod also mu/ be ( prop] dim5sions1 ! l5g? ( ! rods 7accord+ to ! table7 = eight-ounce ,rockets1 :i* is ! be/ size = ?is purpose1 is six feet six in*es2 !n if f\r or six ( ^! be fix$ on "o rod1 ! l5g? ( x mu/ be ab\t t5 feet2 9 its circumf]5ce at top mu/ be made z _m grooves z !re are to be ,rockets1 & ( l5g? to correspond4 ,! rod mu/ be suffici5tly l>ge at top1 to admit ! ,rockets ly+ close 9 ! grooves )\t press+ ea* o!r too tight4 ,! ,rockets mu/ be firmly atta*$ to ! rod1 or !y w be liable by _! asc5d+ =ce to dis5gage !mselves f x2 b to prev5t :i*1 ! be/ me?od ( fix+ !m is to let ! rod run ab\t two in*es above ! ,rockets1 :i* w be suffici5t to =m a %\ld] or /op to ea* ,rocket1 ! groove be+ discont9u$ su* a di/ance f ! end2 :5 ?is is done1 a little b9d+ r\nd ! :ole w make x all q fa/4 ,! upp] "p ( ! rod may be r\nd$ (f 9 ! =m ( a cone1 or :i* w be mu* bett]1 a cap may be pa/$ ov] ! :ole1 :i* 7f _! meet+ ) less resi/ance7 w cause !m to asc5d to a great] height4 ,! ,rocket be+ prop]ly fix$1 a quick-mat* is to be c>ri$ f "o m\? to ! o!r1 :i* be+ burnt 9 ! middle1 w communicate imm$iately to ! :ole4 ,:5 fir$ !y mu/ be susp5d$ ?r\gh ! r+s1 z taught 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is article4 #f4 ,,table ,,rockets4 ,?is is a simple application ( ,rockets to ! spokes ( a :eel2 to :i* :5 fix$ !y =m ! felloe4 ,_! effect 7:5 fir$7 9 ! ord9>y mann] is m]ely t ( revolv+ r\nd on a fix$ c5tre1 till _! composition is consum$2 & by _! revolutions repres5t+ a v]tical or an horizontal circle ( fire4 ,! spokes mu/ be firmly fix$ into a block ( wood1 ( l5g?s & at a di/ance f ea* o!r suitable to ! l5g?s ( ! cases employ$4 ,! cases %\ld be ^? ( twelve or sixte5 ounces2 & fill$ ) ! composition giv5 at ,no4 #h or #i3 !y mu/ be c>efully ramm$4 ,:5 ! ends ( ! ,rockets are fix$ to ! spokes1 :i* %\ld be not*$ out prop] to receive !m & = ! purpose ( mak+ !m m secure1 !n 9 ! side ( ea* case1 7outw>d f ! :eel7 bore a hole ( common dim5sions ne> ! clay2 ^! holes %\ld be made 9 an oblique direction t[>ds ! *>ge1 & 9 & f ea* mu/ be c>ri$ a piece ( quick-mat* to ! c5tre ( ! :eel1 :]e !y mu/ be ti$ toge!r & light$4 ,at ! c5tre ( ! :eel may be fix$ a simil> or l>g] case2 :i*1 be+ light$ at ! same "t1 w add mu* to ! exhibition4 ,! c5tre ( ! :eel is frequ5tly fitt$ to a block ( wood1 & fir$ ^u a table1 :5 x =ms an horizontal :eel2 o!rwise x revolves on an axis fix$ to a po/1 & 9 ?is case a v]tical :eel is repres5t$2 ! c5tre case may be appli$ to ei!r4 #g4 ,,scrolls ,,= ,,rockets4 ,^! =m a pleas+ app5dage to ! heads ( ,rockets1 t are ( consid]able magnitude4 ,!y are made 9 cases1 ab\t f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 & _! int]ior diamet] ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in*2 bo? ends mu/ be p9*$ q close1 "o be=e1 & ! o!r aft] !y are fill$2 !n 9 ! rev]se sides make a small v5t-hole to ! composition1 & prime !m ) meal p[d]1 wett$ ) spirits ( w9e4 ,! heads ( ,rockets may be p>tly or :olly fill$ ) ^! cases2 :5 fir$ !y bur/ quick f _! conf9em5t & =m a beautiful spiral desc5t4 ,! composition may be t ( ,s]p5ts1 or ! brilliant fire2 :5 ei!r are us$ x %\ld be prep>$ /rong4 #h4 ,,c\rant9s1#ad ,,or ,,l9e ,,rockets4 ,among ! v>i\s modes ( exhibit+ ,rockets1 none are m pleas+ ?an ! pres5t4 ,rockets prop] = ?is purpose are ^? ( ab\t half1 & ?ree-qu>t] p\nds2 !y are made aft] ! mann] ( sky-rockets ( ! common k9d4 ,any numb]1 f "o to eight or t51 may be us$2 b five or six w be f\nd to answ] ! be/4 ,accord+ to ! numb] ( cases us$1 ! ,c\rant9s are said to be ( s _m *anges4 ,:5 "o1 two1 or ?ree are only us$1 !y may conv5i5tly be fix$ to a small empty c>tridge1 7( ! same l5g? z ! cases17 made on a wire =m]1 a little l>g] ?an ! l9e on :i* x is to run1 & ( consid]able sub/ance2 b :5 m ?an ?is numb] are to be us$1 or a great] *ange is to be produc$1 a small p]=at$ cyl9d] mu/ be procur$1 ( dim5sions suitable to ! purpose2 ?is cyl9d] %\ld be ( "s light wood1 su* z f9e deal1 or will[2 ! p]=ations mu/ be made exactly ?r\gh ! c5tre l5g?ways4 ,9 ! same direction1 on its circumf]5ce1 are to be made z _m grooves z !re are ,rockets to be employ$2 9 :i* !y mu/ be well secur$ by ty+ ! :ole ) /r+4 ,! diamet] ( ?is cyl9d] %\ld be su*1 t :5 laid into ! groove1 ! cases may ne>ly t\* ea* o!r4 ,! ,rockets be+ all prep>$1 7& _! ap]tures1 or m\?s1 bespr9kl$ a little ) meal p[d] & spirits ( w9e17 !y are to be laid into ! groove1 & 9 su* a mann]1 t ! head or m\? ( ! second lays at ! same end ( ! cyl9d] z ! tail ( ! fir/2 ! head ( ! ?ird ! same z ! tail ( ! second2 & s on ) all ! o!rs2 !y mu/ all be b\nd tight r\nd ) /r+4 ,be+ ?us fix$ to ! cyl9d]1 y mu/ f ! tail ( ! fir/ ,rocket c>ry a lead] to ! m\? ( ! second2 f ! tail ( ! second1 to ! m\? ( ! ?ird2 & s ) ! :ole numb]1 tak+ c>e to fix e lead] q secure2 & at ! same "t1 t ! quick-mat* does n ent] b a v little way into ! bore ( ! ,rockets1 or x w be liable to fire ! *>ge or composition ( ! ,rockets1 & !reby de/roy all y\r arrangem5ts4 ,y\r runn] be+ n[ ready = action1 a l9e is to be fix$ 9 an horizontal direction betwe5 two po/s1 or o!r conv5i5t objects1 ^: di/ance f ea* o!r 7= half-p\nd ,rockets7 %\ld be ab\t #ajj y>ds long2 ?is l9e %\ld be ( "s /rong tw9e1 or 7:i* w answ] mu* bett]7 small brass or iron wire1 /ret*$ q tight betwe5 its supports2 rememb]+ to put on ! runn] be=e y fa/5 bo? ends4 ,!n 7! m\? be+ next ! end ( ! l9e7 fire ! fir/ ,rocket1 :i* by its =ce w c>ry ! :ole to ! end ( ! l9e1 or ne>ly1 = x w be be/ to h ! l9e too long r ?an too %ort1 = if ! latt] is ! case1 x w ( c\rse make a /& at its extremity1 till ! rema9d] ( ! *>ge is consum$1 :i* does n look well4 ,b if on ! contr>y ! l9e is a little too long !re w be no su* /oppage1 n ev5 dur+ ! communication ( ! fire to ! next ,rocket1 = ! =ce acquir$ 9 its fir/ flight w be suffici5t to cont9ue x till su* communication is effect$2 aft] :i* x w return 9 ! same mann] to ! o!r extremity1 & back aga9 9 ! same ord]1 & s on to ! end ( ! *>ges arrang$ on ! cyl9d]4 ,x is a pleas+ exhibition ( ?is k9d ( fire-works1 to arrange !m 9 su* mann] t :5 arriv$ at ! extremity ( ! l9e1 !y may communicate fire to "s o!r piece1 prop]ly arrang$ at ! end ( ! l9e1 :i* 9 ?is case %\ld n be s long z be=e1 t ! runn] may re/ a mom5t be=e x returns1 ! bett] to ensure ! communication4 ,to r5d] ! runn]s m agreeable1 !y are made 7( light wood or t97 9 ! =m ( diff]5t animals1 su* z ,s]p5ts1 ,dragons1 ,m]curies1 ,%ips1 c4 ,:5 ?us arrang$ !y are v ent]ta9+1 especially :5 fill$ ) v>i\s compositions1 su* z gold5 ra91 fires ( diff]5t col\rs1 s]p5ts1 port-fires1 c4 ,! dragons may be made to dis*>ge s]p5ts f _! m\?s1 & two ( !m arrang$ on "o l9e1 s z to meet ea* o!r 9 ! middle1 & !re appe> to cont5d1 till ! second case takes fire1 :5 !y w run back to ! extremity ( ! l9e1 & !n return aga9 ) great viol5ce1 & produce mu* amusem5t bo? to ! op]ator & spectator4 ,9 ! same mann] two %ips may be repres5t$ to cont5d1 & 7by fill+ !m well ) s]p5ts7 be made to p\r _! broad-sides at ea* o!r3 or1 if !y are plac$ on two sep>ate l9es1 at a small di/ance f ea* o!r1 !y may be caus$ to pass ea* o!r 9 opposite directions2 9 bo? cases !y w produce a v pleas+ appe>ance4 ,:5 ! repres5t$ animals are made to meet 9 ! middle1 ! l9e %\ld be ( mu* great] l5g?1 or !y w ru% toge!r ) too great a =ce4 #i4 ,,revolv+ ,,c\rant9es4 ,^!1 :ile !y fly along ! l9e 9 a /raight direction1 are1 by a simple application ( ano!r ,rocket1 caus$ to revolve1 or turn r\nd at ! same "t4 ,?is rotatory motion is easily effect$1 by fix+ to ! cases ano!r ,rocket1 :i* mu/ be plac$ 9 a transv]sal direction2 ! ap]ture ( :i*1 in/ead ( be+ at ! bottom1 l ^? on ! cyl9d]1 mu/ be made 9 ! side1 ne> "o ( ! ends4 ,?is transv]sal ,rocket mu/ be fill$ ) a v sl[ *>ge1 or x w be consum$ long be=e ^? are ^u ! cyl9d]2 :5 sev]al *anges 9 ! runn]s are int5d$1 two %\ld be fix$ 9 ! transv]sal direction2 _! diamet]s %\ld be small1 9 proportion to _! l5g?s4 ,! ,c\rant9es may be made to revolve by o!r means equally simple & effective4 ,prep>e & fill a case ! same z ^? = ,ca!r9e ,:eels1 & w9d & tie x nicely r\nd ! ,c\rant9e2 ?is1 :5 light$ ) ! fir/ case1 w cause x to revolve 9 a v pleas+ mann]4 ,:5 ! ,c\rant9es d n revolve1 !y may be made to c>ry on ! upp] side a ,jet ( ,fire1 or any o!r ornam5t :i* ! op]ator may devize2 tak+ c>e to susp5d1 by means ( wire1 a small weight to ! "u side1 :i* w keep x always 9 an erect position4 #aj4 ,,to ,,repres5t ,,by ,,rockets ,,v>i\s ,,=ms ,,9 ,,! ,,air4 ,to ! l>ge c>tridge1 or head1 ( ab\t a two p\nd ,rocket1 place r\nd sev]al small ones ( ab\t two or ?ree ounces1 ! rods ( :i* mu/ be made q fa/ to ! head1 & p>allel to ! rod ( ! l>g]2 !n1 if ^! be set on fire :ile ! l>ge "o is asc5d+1 !y w repres5t 9 a v pleas+ mann]1 a tree1 ! trunk ( :i* w be ! l>ge ,rocket1 & ! small] ones ! bran*es4 ,if1 by means ( lead]s1 ! small ,rockets are caus$ to take fire :5 ! l>ge "o is ab\t half burn$ 9 ! air1 !y w repres5t ! =m ( a comet2 & :5 ! l>ge "o beg9s to desc5d 9 an inv]t$ position1 ! small ones w repres5t a k9d ( fi]y f\nta9s4 ,if ! b>rels ( "s small tubes1 or quills1 fill$ ) ! composition ( ,fly+ ,rockets1 be plac$ on a l>ge "o1 !y w1 :5 fire is communicat$ to !m1 repres5t a beautiful %[] ( fire4 ,if a numb] ( small s]p5ts be atta*$ to ! ,rocket ) a piece ( pack-?read1 by ! ends t d n cat* fire2 & if ! pack-?read be suff]$ to hang d[n two or ?ree in*es betwe5 e two1 ?is arrangem5t1 :5 prop]ly manag$1 w produce a v>iety ( agreeable & amus+ figures4 #aa4 ,,to ,,cause ,a ,,rocket ,,to ,,=m ,,an ,,arc ,,9 ,,ris+4 ,cut "s circles1 ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es diamet]1 out ( "s t91 or o!r ?9 plate2 !n to ! rod ( ea* ,rocket1 & ab\t twice ! l5g? ( ! case f its m\?1 fix "o ( ^! pieces ( t91 ne>ly at "r angles f ! rod1 & make x q fa/ by a bracket und]nea?4 ,! fire act+ ^u ?is1 z x proce$s f ! m\? ( ! ,rocket1 w divide ! tail 9 su* a mann]1 t x w cause x to proce$ 9 a circul> c\rse1 & =m a v pleas+ appe>ance4 #ab4 ,,to ,,fire ,,rockets ,,)\t ,,rods4 ,rockets may be made to rise 9 ! air )\t rods1 b 9 ! place ( :i*1 !y mu/ h atta*$ to !m f\r triangul> pa/ebo>d w+s1 fix$ l5g?wise on ! ext]nal ( ! c>tridge1 simil> to ^? atta*$ to arr[s or d>ts4 ,! l5g? ( ^! w+s %\ld be ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ! l5g? ( ! ,rocket2 _! bread? at bottom %\ld be half _! l5g?1 & dim9i%$ (f to no?+ at top4 ,! ,rocket may be set ov] a hole 9 a bo>d1 & fir$ f ! "u side2 or ! f\r w+s may re/ on f\r iron p9s1 six or eight in*es 9 l5g?1 drove into a bo>d at suitable di/ances f ea* o!r1 & ! ,rocket fir$ f betwe5 !m4 ,?\gh ! greate/ c>e be employ$ 9 ! exhibition ( ,rockets aft] ?is mann]1 /ill _! asc5t is by f> less c]ta9 ?an :5 a rod is us$2 !re=e ! ,tyro mu/ n be disappo9t$ if he *ance to fail ( success4 ,,!ory ,,( ,,! ,,flight ,,( ,,rockets4 ,a ,rocket1 be+ prop]ly con/ruct$1 ) its rod & o!r app5dages atta*$1 fix$ 9 a v]tical position1 & fire be+ appli$ to its m\?1 x w 7z exp]i5ce proves7 asc5d 9 ! air ) a prodigi\s velocity3 b ^u inquiry into ! cause ( ?is asc5t1 we meet ) difficulties little contemplat$ :5 we 7 view+ ! beautiful pa? x describ$ 9 ! m$ium ( its flight4 ,t ?is asc5t is dep5d5t on ! m$ium 7or air7 9 :i* x is g5]at$1 admits n ( a d\bt2 b to describe h[1 or 9 :at mann] x is effect$1 has engag$ ! att5tion ( "s ( ! mo/ em95t philosoph]s4 ,9 consequ5ce sev]al !ories h be5 advanc$ = ! explication ( ! ph5om5a1 & among !m ^? ( ,m>iotte & ,desaguli]s h claim$ ! mo/ p>ticul> att5tion4 ,m>iotte attributes ! rise ( ,rockets to ! resi/ance1 or reaction ( ! air aga9/ ! gas1 :i* is g5]at$ by ! combu/ion ( ! composition4 ,?is hypo!sis seems to expla9 ! ph5om5a2 b great objections h be5 br\ght aga9/ x1 on acc\nt ( ! difficulty :i* att5ds ! r$uction ( x to ma!matical inve/igations3--?is difficulty arises f ! law :i* ! propell+ =ce mu/ necess>ily obs]ve2 t is1 x w decrease z ! velocity increases1 9 consequ5ce ( ! p>tial vacuum left beh9d ! ,rocket 9 its flight2 s t ! velocity becomes z x 7 bo? a datum & qusitum2 & ! correct solution ( ! problem necess>ily involves ! integration ( p>tial diff]5ces ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,! hypo!sis ( ,desaguli]s is some:at diff]5t to ! =ego+2 x is mu* m famili> ) ma!matical inve/igations2 z x r$uces ! :ole !ory to ! mo/ simple =m2 & we ?9k x is n f> f be+ consonant ) ! kn[n pr9ciples ( ! ph5om5a2 not)/&+ ! argum5t br\ght aga9/ x by ,dr4 ,rees1 & 8 ,editors2 & :i* we %all endeav\r to prove by cit+ high] au?ority ?an our own4 ,dr4 ,desaguli]s illu/rates 8 hypo!sis 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,conceive ! ,rocket to h no v5t at ! *oak1 & to be set on fire 9 ! conical bore2 ! consequ5ce w\ld be1 ei!r t ! ,rocket w\ld bur/ 9 ! weake/ place1 or t1 if all p>ts 7 equally /rong1 & able to su/a9 ! impulse ( ! flame1 ! ,rocket w\ld burn out immoveable4 ,n[1 z ! =ce ( ! flame is equable1 suppose its action d[nw>ds1 or t upw>ds1 suffici5t to lift =ty p\nds2 z ^! =ces are equal1 b _! directions contr>y1 !y w de/roy ea* o!r's action4 ,imag9e !n ! ,rocket op5$ at ! *oak2 by ?is mean ! action ( ! flame d[nw>ds is tak5 away1 & !re rema9s a =ce equal to =ty p\nds act+ upw>ds1 to c>ry up ! ,rocket1 & ! /ick or rod x is ti$ to4 ,accord+ly we f9d t if ! composition ( ! ,rocket be v weak1 s z n to give an impulse great] ?an ! weight ( ! ,rocket & /ick1 x does n rise at all2 or if ! composition be sl[1 s t a small "p ( x only k9dles at fir/1 ! ,rocket w n rise4 ,to ?is we %all add ! late ,doctor ,hutton's philosophy1 on ! asc5t ( ,rockets2 :o says1 t at ! mom5t :5 ! p[d] beg9s to inflame1 its expansion produces a torr5t ( ela/ic fluid1 :i* acts 9 e direction2 t is1 aga9/ ! air :i* escapes f ! c>tridge1 & aga9/ ! upp] "p ( ! ,rocket2 b ! resi/ance ( ! air is m consid]able ?an ! weight ( ! ,rocket1 on acc\nt ( ! extreme rapidity ) :i* ! ela/ic fluid issues ?r\gh ! neck ( ! ,rocket to ?r[ itself d[nw>ds1 & !re=e ! ,rocket asc5ds by ! excess ( "o ( ^! =ces ov] ! o!r4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld n be ! case1 unless ! ,rocket 0 pi]c$ to a c]ta9 dep?4 ,a suffici5t quantity ( ela/ic fluid w\ld n be produc$2 = ! composition w\ld inflame only 9 circul> coats1 ( a diamet] equal to t ( ! ,rocket2 & exp]i5ce %[s t ?is is n suffici5t4 ,rec\rse !n is _h to ! v +5i\s idea ( pi]c+ ! ,rocket 9 a conical hole1 :i* makes ! composition burn 9 conical /rata1 :i* h mu* great] surface1 & produce a mu* great] quantity ( inflam$ matt] & fluid4 ,?is exp$i5t 0 c]ta9ly n ! "w ( a mom5t4 ,! /ick s]ves to keep x p]p5dicul>2 = if ! ,rocket %\ld beg9 to tumble1 mov+ r\nd a po9t 9 ! *oak1 z be+ ! common c5tre ( gravity ( ,rocket & /ick1 !re w\ld be s mu* friction aga9/ ! air by ! /ick1 betwe5 ! c5tre & ! po9t1 & ! po9t w\ld beat aga9/ ! air ) s mu* velocity1 t ! reaction ( ! m$ium w\ld re/ore x to its p]p5dicul>ity4 ,:5 ! composition is burnt out1 & ! impulse upw>ds has ceas$1 ! common c5tre ( gravity is br\ght l[] t[>ds ! middle ( ! /ick1 by :i* means ! velocity ( ! po9t ( ! /ick is decreas$1 & t at ! po9t ( ! ,rocket is increas$2 s t ! :ole w fall d[n1 ) ! ,rocket end =emo/4 ,dur+ ! "t ! ,rocket burns1 ! common c5tre ( gravity is %ift+ & gett+ d[nw>ds1 & /ill fa/] & l[] z ! /ick is light]2 s t x sometimes beg9s to tumble be=e x is q burnt out3 b :5 ! /ick is too heavy1 ! common c5tre ( gravity w n get s l[1 b t ( ! ,rocket w rise /raight1 ?\gh n s fa/4 ,f ! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,rob9s1 & o!r ,g5tlem51 x 0 f\nd t ! ,rockets ( two1 ?ree1 or f\r in*es diamet]1 rise ! highe/2 & !y are f\nd to rise to all heights 9 ! air1 f #djj to #a1bed y>ds1 :i* is ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile4 ,= fur!r p>ticul>s respect+ ! !ory ( ! flight ( ,rockets our read]s are ref]r$ to ,rob9s's ,tracts1 vol4 #b4--,philosophical ,transactions1 vol4 #df1 page #egh3 & m p>ticul>ly to ,mr4 ,w4 ,moor's 8,treatise on ! motion ( ,rockets10 9 :i* !y w f9d ! subject elegantly treat$4 ,,section ,,vii4 ,,tables ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,compositions4 #a4 ,,s]p5ts4--,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 salt-petre "o ounce & ?ree-qu>t]s1 *>coal "o ounce4 #b4 ,,p9 ,,:eels4--,meal$-p[d] twelve ounces1 salt-petre ?ree ounces1 sulphur "o ounce & a-half1 /eel-fil+s two ounces4 #c4 ,,common ,,/>s4--,salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur f\r & a-half ounces1 antimony f\r ounces1 is+lass half an ounce1 camphor half an ounce1 spirits ( w9e ?ree-qu>t]s ( an ounce4 #d4 ,,:ite ,,/>s4--,meal$-p[d] f\r ounces1 salt-petre twelve ounces1 sulphur six ounces & a-half1 oil ( spike two ounces1 camphor five ounces4 #e4 ,,blue ,,/>s4--,meal$-p[d] eight ounces1 salt-petre f\r ounces1 sulphur two & a-half ounces1 is+lass two ounces1 spirits ( w9e two ounces4 #f4 ,,tail$ ,,/>s4--,meal$-p[d] ?ree ounces1 salt-petre "o ounce1 sulphur ?ree ounces1 *>coal "o ounce4 #g4 ,,drove ,,/>s4--,salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur eight ounces1 antimony f\r ounces4 #h4 ,,po9t$ ,,/>s4--,salt-petre eight & a-half ounces1 sulphur two ounces1 antimony "o ounce & ?ree-qu>t]s4 #i4 ,,/>s ,,( ,a ,,f9e ,,col\r4--,meal$-p[d] "o ounce1 salt-petre "o ounce1 sulphur "o ounce1 oil ( turp5t9e f\r drams1 camphor f\r drams4 #aj4 ,,v>iegat$ ,,/>s4--,meal$-p[d] eight drams1 ro*-petre f\r ounces1 vivum two ounces1 camphor two ounces4 #aa4 ,,brilliant ,,/>s4--,meal$-p[d] ?ree-qu>t]s ( an ounce1 salt-petre ?ree ounces & a-half1 sulphur "o & a-half ounce1 spirits ( w9e "o ounce & a qu>t]4 #ab4 ,,tail$ ,,/>s4--,salt-petre f\r ounces1 sulphur six ounces1 antimony two ounces1 ros9 f\r ounces4 #ac4 ,,ditto ,,) ,,sp>ks4--,meal$-p[d] "o ounce1 salt-petre "o ounce1 camphor two ounces4 #ad4 ,,g]bes4 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd & a-half1 co>se iron-s& five ounces4 #b4 ,meal$-p[d] two p\nds1 co>se iron-s& eight ounces1 salt-petre "o p\nd4 #ae4 ,,roman ,,c&les4--,meal$-p[d] half-a p\nd1 salt-petre two p\nds & a-half1 sulphur half-a p\nd1 glass-du/ half-a p\nd4 #af4 ,,t\rbillons4 ,= f\r ounce cases4--,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd two ounces1 *>coal two ounces & a-qu>t]4 ,= eight ounce cases4--,meal$-p[d] two p\nds1 *>coal f\r ounces ?ree-qu>t]s4 #ag4 ,,%[]s ,,( ,,fire4 ,*9ese4--,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 sulphur two ounces1 iron-s& fir/ ord] five ounces4 ,anci5t4--,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 *>coal two ounces4 ,brilliant4--,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 iron-s& fir/ ord] f\r ounces4 #ah4 ,,gold5 ,,ra94 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] f\r ounces1 salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur f\r ounces1 brass-du/ "o ounce1 saw-du/ two ounces & a-qu>t]1 glass-du/ six drams4 #b4 ,meal$-p[d] twelve ounces1 salt-petre two ounces1 *>coal f\r ounces4 #c4 ,salt-petre eight ounces1 sulphur two ounces1 brass-du/ a qu>t] ( an ounce1 antimony ?ree-qu>t]s ( an ounce1 saw-du/ twelve drams1 glass-du/ "o ounce4 #ai4 ,,silv] ,,ra94 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] two ounces1 salt-petre f\r ounces1 sulphur two ounces1 antimony two ounces1 sal-prunella half an ounce4 #b4 ,salt-petre half an ounce1 sulphur two ounces1 *>coal f\r ounces4 #c4 ,meal$-p[d] two ounces1 salt-petre f\r ounces1 sulphur "o ounce1 /eel-du/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an ounce4 #bj4 ,,wat] ,,rockets4 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] ?ree p\nds1 salt-petre two p\nds1 sulphur "o p\nd & a-half1 *>coal two p\nds & a-half4 #b4 ,salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur f\r p\nds & a-half1 *>coal six p\nds4 #c4 ,salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur f\r ounces1 *>coal twelve ounces4 #d4 ,meal$-p[d] f\r ounces1 salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur eight ounces & a-half1 *>coal two ounces4 #ba4 ,,s9k+ ,,*>ge ,,= ,,ditto4 ,meal$-p[d] t5 ounces1 *>coal "o ounce4 #bb4 ,,wat] ,,s]p5ts4 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 *>coal "o p\nd4 #b4 ,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 *>coal n9e ounces4 #bc4 ,,wat] ,,balloons4 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] two p\nds1 salt-petre f\r p\nds1 sulphur two p\nds1 antimony f\r ounces1 saw-du/ f\r ounces1 glass-du/ "o ounce & a-qu>t]4 #b4 ,meal$-p[d] ?ree p\nds1 salt-petre f\r p\nds & a-half1 sulphur "o p\nd & a-half1 antimony f\r ounces4 #bd4 ,,:eel ,,cases4 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] two p\nds1 salt-petre f\r ounces1 /eel-fil+s six ounces4 #b4 ,meal$-p[d] two p\nds1 salt-petre twelve ounces1 /eel-fil+s ?ree ounces4 #c4 ,meal$-p[d] f\r p\nds1 salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur eight ounces1 *>coal f\r ounces & a-half4 #d4 ,meal$-p[d] eight ounces1 salt-petre f\r ounces1 saw-du/ "o ounce & a-half1 *>coal "o ounce4 #e4 ,meal$-p[d] twelve ounces1 saw-du/ half an ounce1 *>coal "o ounce4 #f4 ,salt-petre "o p\nd n9e ounces1 sulphur f\r ounces1 *>coal f\r ounces & a-half4 #be4 ,,sl[ ,,fire ,,= ,,:eels4 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] "o ounce & a-half1 sulphur two ounces1 salt-petre f\r ounces4 #b4 ,antimony "o ounce six drams1 sulphur "o ounce1 salt-petre f\r ounces4 #bf4 ,a ,,dead ,,fire ,,= ,,:eels4 ,salt-petre "o ounce & a-half1 sulphur a qu>t] ( an ounce1 antimony two drams1 lapis calam9>is a qu>t] ( an ounce4 #bg4 ,,= ,,/&+ ,,or ,,fix$ ,,cases4 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] two p\nds1 salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur half-a-p\nd1 *>coal half-a-p\nd4 #b4 ,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 salt-petre half-a-p\nd1 /eel-du/ f\r ounces4 #c4 ,meal$-p[d] t5 ounces1 *>coal two ounces4 #d4 ,meal$-p[d] half-a-p\nd1 sulphur two ounces4 #e4 ,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd &-a-half1 saw-du/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an ounce1 *>coal two ounces & a-half4 #bh4 ,,= ,,sun ,,cases4 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] two p\nds two ounces1 salt-petre five ounces1 sulphur "o ounce1 /eel-du/ twelve ounces4 #b4 ,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd & a-half1 salt-petre ?ree ounces1 /eel-du/ ?ree ounces & ?ree-qu>t]s4 #bi4 ,,= ,,spiral ,,:eels4 ,meal$-p[d] f\rte5 ounces1 salt-petre "o p\nd & a-half1 sulphur six ounces1 glass-du/ f\rte5 ounces4 #cj4 ,,globes4 ,salt-petre six ounces1 sulphur two p\nds1 camphor two ounces1 antimony f\r ounces4 #ca4 ,,s]p5ts ,,= ,,pots ,,des ,,br9s4 ,meal$-p[d] t5 ounces1 salt-petre six ounces1 *>coal "o ounce & a-half4 #cb4 ,,fires ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,col\rs4 ,:ite ,fire4--,gunp[d] two p>ts1 /eel fil+s "o "p2 = a pale :ite add a little camphor4 ,rasp+s ( ivory give a flame ( a silv] col\r1 some:at dazzl+ to ! eyes4 ,r$ ,fire4--,gunp[d] two p>ts1 iron-s& ( ! fir/ ord] "o "p4 ,greek pit* produces a flame some:at r$1 b m incl9$ to a bronze col\r4 ,common black pit* produces a dusky flame1 l a ?ick smoke1 v ess5tial 9 produc+ a m$ium ( intol]able obscurity4 ,sulphur1 mix$ 9 a mod]ate quantity1 makes ! flame appe> ( a blue ca/4 ,sal ammoniac & v]digris produce a flame incl9$ to gre54 ,rasp+s ( yell[ amb] give to ! flame a lemon col\r4 ,crude antimony a k9d ( russet col\r4 #cc4 ,,= ,,jets ,,( ,,fire4 ,:5 ! inn] diamet] ( ! cases is n m ?an six l9es ! foll[+ mu/ be ! proportions4 ,*9ese ,fire4--,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur eight ounces1 *>coal two ounces4 ,:ite ,fire4--,iron-s& ( ! fir/ ord] eight ounces1 meal$-p[d] eight ounces1 salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur ?ree ounces1 *>coal ?ree ounces4 ,b :5 _! calibre is f eight to twelve l9es1 ! foll[+ are ! proportions4 ,:ite ,fire4--,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur eight ounces1 *>coal two ounces4 ,*9ese ,fire4--,salt-petre "o p\nd f\r ounces1 sulphur five ounces1 *>coal five ounces1 iron-s& ( ! ?ird ord] twelve ounces4 ,brilliant ,fire4--,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 iron-s& five ounces4 ,,= ,,jets ,,( ,,l>g] ,,dim5sions4 ,*9ese ,fire4--,salt-petre "o p\nd f\r ounces1 sulphur sev5 ounces1 *>coal five ounces1 & twelve ounces ( a comp\nd ( ! six diff]5t k9ds ( s&4 #cd4 ,,sp>kl+ ,,compositions ,,= ,,*oak$ ,,cases4 ,= ,black4--,meal$-p[d] & *>coal4 ,= ,:ite4--,salt-petre1 sulphur1 & *>coal4 ,= ,grey4--,meal$-p[d]1 salt-petre1 sulphur1 & *>coal4 ,= ,r$4--,meal$-p[d]1 *>coal1 & saw-du/4 ,^! may be us$ 9 any proportion ! practition] may ?9k prop]1 = a little exp]i5ce w prove to him t v>i\s col\rs ( fire may be produc$ by only v>y+ ! proportions or ord] ( ! +r$i5ts1 or by r5d]+ !m alt]nately pr$om9ant4 ,! same obs]vation w apply to _m o!r cases ( a simil> nature4 ,,section ,,viii4 ,,comp\nd ,,fire-,,works4 ,comp\nd ,fire-,works are ^? result+ f ! comb9ation ( ! s+le or m simple k9d2 pr9cipally ^? :i* we h already describ$4 ,! numb] & v>iety ( figures1 & ! modification ( :i* !y are susceptible1 is almo/ endless1 & to describe all1 or ! great] "p ( !m1 w\ld f> exce$ ! limits ( our ,,manual4 ,we %all !re=e consid] x suffici5t to select su* specim5s ( simple arrangem5t z w =m a prop] introduction to ^? :i* are m complex2 9 :i* latt] case ! "y ,pyrote*ni/ mu/ be left to 8 own +5uity1 :i* w readily dictate to him a great] v>iety ?an x w\ld be possible = u to describe4 #a4 ,,gir&ole#ae ,,*e/s ,,( ,,s]p5ts4 ,! fir/ comb9ation :i* w\ld naturally sugge/ itself to ! un9=m$ is t ( a numb] ( ,s]p5ts s arrang$ z to take fire all at ! same "t1 & 9 ! end to bur/ & make a l\d report4 ,?is comb9ation is a ne/ ( ,s]p5ts2 ! case or box conta9+ !m mu/ be made ( /rong pa/e-bo>d1 9 dim5sions equal to ! numb] to be ins]t$4 ,! piece :i* =ms ! top mu/ be p]=at$ 9 z _m places1 answ]+ to ! numb] ( ,s]p5ts int5d$ to be fir$2 !y ne$ n be f> f ea* o!r4 ,at ! bottom ( ! box mu/ be put a little meal$-p[d] = ! m\?s ( ! ,s]p5ts to re/ ^u1 :i* latt] mu/ be rubb$ ) a little wet meal$-p[d]1 9 ord] t !y may take fire imm$iately4 ,to communicate fire to ! p[d] at ! bottom ( ! box1 "o ( ! ,s]p5t cases mu/ be fill$ ) a sl[ composition1 left op5 at ! top1 & ins]t$ ab\t ! middle ( ! box3 ?is case be+ light$1 x w burn = a %ort "t1 or till x rea*es ! bottom1 :5 a sudd5 noise w be he>d1 & all ! ,s]p5ts ?r[n 9 v>i\s directions into ! air4 ,?is mode ( fir+ ,s]p5ts1 ?\gh pu]ile 9 its contrivance1 & simple 9 its production1 g5]ally af=ds mu* amusem5t to ! spectators1 :i* proce$s pr9cipally f ! v>iety ( directions giv5 to ! ,s]p5ts2 :i* latt] is a consequ5ce ( _! be+ plac$ some:at c>elessly 9 ! box1 & be+ traject$ at diff]5t angles f ! same plane4 #b4 ,,gir&ole ,,*e/s ,,( ,,rockets4 ,^! *e/s %\ld be made ( "s ?9 bo>ds1 9 dim5sions proportionate to ! numb] ( ,rockets4 ,! ,rockets be/ adapt$ are ^? ( f two1 to six ounces4 ,! dep? ( ! box %\ld be some:at m ?an ! l5g? ( ! ,rockets ) _! /icks4 ,! top 7be+ p]=at$ prop]ly to receive ! /icks17 mu/ be fix$ at "r angles 9 ! *e/1 & z f> f ! top ( x z ! l5g? ( ! ,rocket cases1 includ+ ! cap1 if su* are us$4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ea* ,rocket mu/ be su* t !y may /& )\t t\*+ ea* o!r4 ,f "o hole to ano!r mu/ be cut a groove1 9 dep? suffici5t to receive a piece ( quick-mat*1 :i* mu/ be laid f hole to hole 9 l mann]4 ,bel[ ! top1 at ab\t two ?irds ! l5g? ( ! rods1 mu/ be fix$ ! bottom1 p]=at$ 9 ! same mann]1 save 9 ! size ( ! holes1 :i* w be some:at less ow+ to ! dim5sions ( ! rods4 ,! mat* be+ laid z above1 take "s sky-rockets1 & hav+ put a piece ( ! same mat* up ! cavity ( ea*1 left ext5d+ a little bel[ ! m\? ( ! ,rocket1 :i* latt] %\ld be rubb$ a little ) meal$-p[d]1 wett$ ) "s liquid1 be=e giv54 ,! ,rockets & *e/ be+ ?us ready1 put ! rod ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! top & bottom ( ! *e/1 9 su* mann] t _! m\?s may j re/ on ! quick-mat* 9 ! grooves1 by :i* all ! ,rockets w be fir$ at ! same "t2 = by light+ any "p ( ! mat*1 x w communicate to ! :ole ( !m 9 an in/ant4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 plac+ ! rod ?r\gh ! l[] holes1 a small door %\ld be made 9 "o side ( ! *e/1 )\t ?is x w be difficult to get ! rods 9 _! "r places4 ,previ\s to ! exhibition ( ^! flights ( ,rockets1 !y %\ld be cov]$ ov]1 or set 9 "s safe place1 or !y w be 9 dang] ( be+ set on fire by sp>ks f o!r works4 #c4 ,,pots ,,des ,,br9s4 ,^! are l>ge pap] cyl9d]s1 fill$ ) p[d]1 ,/>s1 ,sp>ks1 c4 ,!y are g5]ally made ( pa/e-bo>d1 & ab\t f\r diamet]s long2 !y %\ld be *oak$ at "o end l common cases4 ,!y are g5]ally exhibit$ 9 numb]s1 fix$ on a plank ( "s k9d1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 on ! "u side ( y\r plank1 make z _m grooves z y int5d to h r[s ( pots1 !n at a little di/ance f ea* o!r1 & exactly ov] ! grooves1 fix z _m pegs1 ab\t ?ree f\r?s or "o diamet] high2 !n ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ea* peg bore a hole d[n to ! groove at bottom1 & on e peg fix & glue a pot1 ! m\? ( :i* mu/ fit tight on ! peg2 !n ?r\gh all ! holes run a quick-mat*1 "o end ( :i* mu/ g into ! pot1 & ! o!r into ! groove1 :i* mu/ h a mat* laid 9 x f end to end1 & cov]$ ) pap]1 s t :5 light$ at "o end x may dis*>ge ! :ole almo/ in/antane\sly4 ,9 ea* pot put ab\t "o ounce ( meal$ & corn p[d]2 !n 9 "s put ,/>s1 & 9 o!rs ,ra91 ,snakes1 ,s]p5ts1 ,crack]s1 ,sp>ks1 c4 ,:5 !y are load$1 secure _! m\?s by putt+ pap] ov] ea*4 ,:5 fir$ 9 consid]able numb]s1 ^! ,pots des ,br9s1 f _! af=d+ s great a v>iety ( fires1 produce a mo/ pleas+ exhibition4 #d4 ,,jets ,,( ,,fire4 ,^! are a k9d ( fix$ ,rocket1 ! effect ( :i* is to ?r[ up into ! air ,jets ( ,fire1 simil> 9 "s respects to ^? produc$ by wat]4 ,if a numb] ( su* ,rockets be plac$ horizontally on ! same l9e1 x may be easily se5 t ! fire !y emit1 w ne>ly resemble a %eet ( wat]1 arrang+ itself 9 ! =m ( a cascade4 ,:5 ! ,rockets are arrang$ 9 a circul> =m1 l ! radii & p]iph]y ( a circle1 !y =m :at is t]m$ a fix$ ,sun4 ,to procure ^! ,jets ( ,fire1 ! c>tridge = brilliant fires mu/ 9 ?ickness be equal to a f\r? "p ( ! diamet]1 & = ,*9ese ,fires only a six? "p ( ! same4 ,! c>tridge mu/ be load$ on a nipple1 hav+ a po9t equal 9 l5g? to ! same diamet]1 & 9 ?ickness equal to a f\r? "p ( x2 b1 f ! effect ( ! fire1 ! m\? g5]ally becomes l>g] ?an is requisite2 b ?is may be prev5t$1 by *>g+ ! c>tridge aft] ! mann] ( ! ,*9ese1 :o fill x to a height equal to a f\r? "p ( ! diamet] ) clay2 ?is mu/ be ramm$ d[n z if x 7 gunp[d]4 ,:5 ! *>ge is complet$ ) ! composition y h made *oice (1 ! c>tridge mu/ be clos$ ) a tompion ( wood1 above :i* x mu/ be *oak$4 ,! tra9 or mat* mu/ be ( ! same composition z t employ$ = load+2 o!rwise ! dilatation ( ! air1 conta9$ 9 ! hole made by ! pi]c]1 w\ld cause ! ,jet to bur/4 ,clay$ ,rockets may be pi]c$ ) two holes ne> ! neck1 9 ord] to h ?ree ,jets on ! same plan4 ,if a k9d ( top1 pi]c$ ) a numb] ( holes1 be add$ to !m1 !y w ne>ly imitate a bubbl+ f\nta94 ,jets int5d$ to repres5t %eets ( fire1 ought n to be *oak$4 ,!y mu/ be plac$ 9 a horizontal position1 or incl9$ a little upw>ds or d[nw>ds4 ,if to ! top ( ! c>tridge be atta*$ a t9 cyl9drical cap1 t]m9at+ 9 a flat1 long1 n>r[ m\?1 7simil> to ^? atta*$ to g>d5 wat]+ pots17 ! /ream ( fire w be v mu* ext5d$1 & ! beauty ( ! exhibition increas$4 ,! composition = ?is article is giv5 9 ! table1 section #g4 #e4 ,,*9ese ,,f\nta94 ,provide a piece ( dry wood1 ab\t six or sev5 feet long1 & ab\t two & a-half in*es squ>e2 at ! di/ance ( sixte5 in*es f ! top ( ?is piece1 7suppos+ x be sev5 feet long1 & fix$ p]p5dicul>17 mu/ be fix$ a %elf1 sixte5 in*es long1 & 9 wid? ab\t two & a-half in*es1 & 9 ?ickness ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,bel[ ?is %elf mu/ be fix$ ?ree or f\r o!r %elves ( ! same wid? & ?ickness1 b 9 l5g? increas+ eight in*es successively z !y g t[>ds ! bottom4 ,!y mu/ be fix$ ! same di/ance f ea* o!r z ! fir/ "o f ! top4 ,n[ on ! top ( ! po/1 ins]t 7into a hole ( prop] dim5sions7 a g]be1 or fire-pump2 on ! fir/ %elf ins]t aft] ! same mann] two g]bes1 on ! second ?ree1 on ! ?ird f\r1 on ! f\r? five1 & on ! bottom %elf six3--,!y mu/ be s plac$1 t ! next above /& exactly ov] ! middle ( ! int]vals ( ^? bel[4 ,! g]bes %\ld be plac$ s t _! m\?s incl9e a little =w>ds2 if ?is be n done1 ! />s ?r[n out ( ! cases w /rike aga9/ ! %elf above1 & produce b little ( t effect1 :i*1 :5 prop]ly arrang$1 r5d]s !m s beautiful4 ,a prop] connection mu/ be =m$ ) y\r lead]s1 betwe5 ! diff]5t cases2 beg9n+ at ! top1 & c>ry+ x d[nw>d to e "o ( !m4 ,! top "o is to be light$ fir/4 ,! ,pyramid1 or ,f\nta9 complete1 is repres5t$ by fig4 #be4 #f4 ,,pyramid ,,( ,,fl[] ,,pots4 ,9 g5]al con/ruction1 ?is article is exactly simil> to ! "o j describ$2 b 9 place ( g]bes1 or fire-pumps1 x is load$ ) mort>s1 fill$ ) ,s]p5ts1 ,crack]s1 c4 & hav+ 9 ! c5tre ( ea* a case fill$ ) spur-fire4 ,! mort>s %\ld be made ( pa/e-bo>d1 w\nd two or ?ree times r\nd a cyl9d]1 ab\t f\r in*es diamet]1 & well secur$ by glue1 by :i* means _! bottoms & tops are fix$ to !m4 ,! spur-fire1 :i* is ! *ief ornam5t ( ^! pieces1 is prep>$ z foll[s3--,x has be5 said t excell5ce c nev] be obta9$1 )\t ov]com+ comm5surate difficulties2 ?is is c]ta9ly v]ifi$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is composition2 = no?+ c exce$ ! difficulty & tr\ble 9 prep>+ x1 & no?+ c exce$ ! beauty ( its appe>ance :5 prop]ly prep>$4 ,x is said to be ! inv5tion ( ! ,*9ese1 & is c]ta9ly ! mo/ beautiful & curi\s ( any yet kn[n4 ,! pr9cipal c>e 9 ! prep>ation1 is1 to h ! +r$i5ts ( ! v be/ quality2 next to t is ! well gr9d+ & mix+ !m toge!r4 ,! proportion ( ! +r$i5ts is salt-petre f\r p\nds & a-half1 sulphur two p\nds1 & lamp-black "o p\nd eight ounces4 ,"o great difficulty is 9 ! mix+ ^! +r$i5ts toge!r2 x is be/ to sift ! salt-petre & sulphur toge!r fir/1 & !n put !m into a m>ble mort>1 & ! lamp-black ) !m1 :i* mu/ be work$ d[n by degrees ) a wood5 pe/le1 till all ! +r$i5ts appe> ( "o col\r1 :i* w be some:at grayi%1 b m incl9$ to black2 :5 ?is is done drive a little into a case = trial1 & fire x 9 a d>k place2 if sp>ks come out 9 ! =m ( />s or p9ks1 & 9 clu/]s1 spread+ well )\t any o!r sp>ks1 x may be consid]$ good3 if x appe> drossy1 & ! />s n full1 x is n mix$ en\gh2 b if ! p9ks are v small1 & soon break1 x is indicative ( an excess ( rubb+2 if ! excess is great1 x w be too fi]ce1 & h>dly %[ any />s3 on ! o!r h&1 if ! rubb+ or mixture is 9 defect1 x w be too weak1 & produce no?+ b an obscure or black smoke4 ,?is composition is g5]ally ramm$ 9 "o or two ounce cases1 ab\t five or six in*es long2 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to ram x too h>d4 ,! ap]ture at ! *oak %\ld n be s wide z is usually giv5 to o!r *oak$ cases4 ,x is some:at rem>kable1 t ! composition %\ld be improv$ by be+ kept 9 ! cases2 b x is f\nd t !y always play bett]1 if suff]$ to /& a "t aft] !y are fill$4 ,9 prep>+ ! ,pyramid ( ,fl[] ,pots1 ! cases ( spur-fire are to be plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! mort>s1 & be connect$ by lead]s1 s t !y may all be fir$ toge!r4 ,! cases w fir/ play (f 9 a v pretty mann]2 & :5 exhau/$1 ! fire f !m communicates to ! p[d] at ! bottom ( ! mort>s1 & ?is sudd5ly tak+ fire1 all bl[ up simultane\sly1 & scatt] _! lum9\s fragm5ts 9 ! air2 ! s]p5ts hiss1 ! crack]s b\nce1 & ! illum9at$ />s fly 9 all directions1 produc+ consid]able amusem5t & surprise1 & =m+ an excell5t conclusion to a small exhibition4 ,?is beautiful composition is also susceptible ( o!r repres5tations1 _m ( :i* may )\t ! lea/ dang] be exhibit$ )9 a room1 z well z 9 ! op5 air2 x is really ( s innoc5t a nature1 t x may be 7?\gh improp]ly7 call$ a cold fire2 = x is f\nd t :5 well made1 ! sp>ks w n burn a h&k]*ief :5 held 9 ! mid/ ( !m2 !y may be held 9 ! h& ) p]fect safety2 if ! sp>ks fall a %ort di/ance ^u ! h&1 y feel !m l drops ( ra94 ,a pretty exhibition may be produc$ by plac+ a numb] ( spur-fires r\nd a transp>5t pyramid ( pap]1 & fir$ 9 a room1 or 9 ! op5 air4 ,9 all cases1 & e v>iety ( exhibition1 ?is fire is v beautiful1 & w always repay ! lab\r ( prep>ation4 #g4 ,,:eels4 ,a great v>iety ( =ms may be giv5 to ?is k9d ( fire-works4 ,!y are s call$ because !y are g5]ally made 9 ! %ape ( :eels1 ) a nave & spokes radiat+ f ! c5tre2 on ! extremities ( ! latt] are adju/$ *>g$ cases1 ( ! rocket k9d1 )\t heads2 9 su* mann] t ! tail ( "o is connect$ ) ! head ( ano!r1 by :i* me?od !y w take fire successively1 & keep up a cont9u$ revolution ( ! app>atus to :i* !y are fix$4 ,^! :eels are ei!r v]tical or horizontal1 s+le or d\ble4 ,a s+le v]tical or horizontal1 may be made aft] ! mann] describ$ 9 ,art4 #f1 ,rockets4 #h4 ,a ,,s+le ,,horizontal ,may be r5d]$ m pleas+ by ! foll[+ arrangem5t ( ! rocket4 ,provide a :eel1 ) nave1 sp9dle1 & spokes z be=e2 & = ! fells a broad coop]'s hoop ( prop] dim5sions1 nail$ on to ! end ( ! spokes1 w answ] v well4 ,! :eel be+ ?us prep>$1 ! cases mu/ be atta*$ firmly to x1 by means ( /rong pack-?read1 loops pass+ ?r\gh ! circumf]5ce2 & 9 su* mann] t _! heads & tails1 z !y succe$ ea* o!r1 may alt]nately incl9e upw>ds & d[nw>ds1 & likewise :5 fix$1 come v ne> toge!r4 ,?is be+ done y mu/1 f ! tail ( "o case to ! m\? ( ! next foll[+1 c>ry a lead]1 & well secure x by pa/+ pap] r\nd bo? ! jo9+s3--)9 ?is pa/$ pap] %\ld be put a little meal$-p[d]1 :i* w s]ve to bl[ (f ! pap]1 & leave no ob/ruction to ! fire f ! cases4 ,to ! sp9dle on :i* ! :eel revolves1 fix a case ( ! same k9d z ^? on ! :eel2 :i* mu/ be fir$ by a lead] f ! m\? ( ! la/ case on ! :eel1 :i* case %\ld play d[nw>ds4 ,! :eel w be mu* improv$1 if in/ead ( a common case 9 ! middle1 y fix a case ( ,*9ese-fire1 9 l5g? suffici5t to burn z long z ?ree cases on ! :eel4 ,9 all ! cases1 7except ! fir/ "o17 on ea* :eel %\ld be driv5 a ladle-full or two ( sl[-fire1 9 any "p ( ! case3 9 ! end ( "o or two alt]nate cases y may also ram a ladle-full ( dead-fire composition1 :i* mu/ be v lightly ramm$2 _m o!r *anges 9 ! appe>ance may be produc$ by alt]nately ramm+ 9 composition ( diff]5t ord]s4 ,horizontal ,:eels are frequ5tly fir$ two or ?ree at a "t2 & be+ prep>$ aft] ! same mann]1 w keep "t ) ea* o!r3 :5 ?us arrang$1 ! sl[ or dead-fire is omitt$4 ,^! :eels may be made f t5 to tw5ty in*es diamet]4 ,a ,horizontal ,:eel1 ) ! cases fix$1 is repres5t$ 9 fig4 #bf4 #i4 ,,plural ,,:eels4 ,s call$ f !re be+ sev]al ( !m fix$ on ! same axis2 !y are g5]ally horizontal1 & 9 numb] ?ree4 ,! diamet] ( ! middle :eel may be a little less ?an ! o!r two4 ,! cases mu/ be fix$ to ! ends ( ! spokes 9 not*es cut on purpose1 or !re may be half cyl9d]s ( t9 nail$ to ! ends ( ! spokes1 & ! cases ti$ 9 !m4 ,! bottom cases %\ld play obliquely upw>ds2 ! middle set horizontally2 & ! upp] cases obliquely d[nw>ds4 ,! lead]s mu/ be arrang$ s t ! cases may burn fir/ up1 !n d[n1 !n horizontal1 ?r\gh ! :ole sets4 ,by driv+ 9 ! end ( ! la/ case two or ?ree ladles full ( sl[-fire1 x w cause x to burn till ! :eel has /opp$ its c\rse2 & if ! o!r cases are fix$ 9 ! contr>y way1 ! :eel w !n revolve 9 a contr>y direction1 & h a pleas+ appe>ance4 ,= ! case at top ( ! axis1 a g]be may be well employ$2 ! case on ! spokes %\ld be fill$ ) a /rong brilliant *>ge4 #aj4 ,,spiral ,,:eels4 ,^! 9 _! pr9cipal con/ruction diff] b little f ! =ego+3 ! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal diff]5ces4 ,! nave %\ld be ab\t sev5 in*es long2 in/ead ( a sp9dle at top1 make a hole = ! case to be fix$ 92 9 ! nave mu/ be fix$ two sets ( spokes ne> ! top & bottom2 ! spokes %\ld n be m ?an ab\t ?ree in*es long2 ! cases mu/ be plac$ 9 su* a mann]1 t ^? at top play d[nw>ds1 & ^? at bottom play upw>ds1 b ! ?ird or f\r? case mu/ play horizontally4 ,! case 9 ! middle may beg9 ) any ( ! o!rs2 six spokes w be suffici5t = ea* set1 by :i* ! :eel may conta9 twelve cases1 besides ! top "o3 ! cases %\ld be ab\t sev5 in*es 9 l5g?4 #aa4 ,,illum9at$ ,,spiral ,,:eels4 ,provide a horizontal :eel ) circul> fells complete1 :i* %\ld be ab\t two feet six in*es diamet]2 on its circumf]5ce1 & at equal di/ances f ea* o!r1 fix ?ree pieces ( light deal ab\t f\r feet long1 & at top connect !m to a cyl9drical block ab\t ?ree in*es diamet]2 ?is block mu/ be p]p5dicul> to t ( ! :eel bel[4 ,! :eel be+ ?us f> advanc$1 h a ?9 flexible la? or hoop1 & hav+ nail$ "o end to ! bottom ( "o ( ! upright pieces1 proce$ to w9d x r\nd ! ?ree uprights 9 a spiral l9e f ! :eel to ! top block1 to :i* ! o!r end mu/ be made fa/2 on ! top ( ! block fix a case ( ,*9ese-fire2 on ! :eel y may place any numb] ( cases1 :i* %\ld incl9e d[nw>ds1 & burn two at a "t4 ,if ! :eel has t5 cases1 ! illum9ations & ,*9ese-fire may beg9 ) ! second case4 ,! axis = ?is :eel mu/ pass ?r\gh ! bottom nave1 & into ! block at top4 ,?is :eel may be easily wr\ght into a d\ble spiral :eel1 by w9d+ r\nd x ano!r la? 9 an opposite direction1 & clo?+ x 9 a simil> mann]4 ,at ! top ( ei!r may be plac$ a case ( spur-fire1 or amb]-light1 or any o!r article ! pyrote*ni/ may ?9k prop]4 #ab4 ,,balloon ,,:eels4 ,^! are horizontal :eels1 g5]ally made ( solid "o-in* elm bo>d1 ab\t two feet six in*es diamet]4 ,on ! top arrange & fix 9 pots1 ?ree in*es diamet]1 & ab\t six in*es high1 9 numb] equal to ! cases on ! :eel3 ne> ! bottom ( ea* pot make a small v5t1 into ea* ( :i* c>ry a lead] f ! tail ( ea* case2 ! pots may be load$ ) ,/>s1 ,crack]s1 ,s]p5ts1 c4 ,z ! :eels turn1 ! pots w be successively fir$1 & caus$ to ?r[ into ! air a great v>iety ( fires1 :i* tak+ num]\s & v>i\s directions1 w pres5t a pleas+ exhibition4 #ac4 ,,gr\nd ,,:eels4 ,^! are ( v simple contrivance4 ,provide two light :eels1 9 diamet] f two to ?ree or f\r feet3 !y mu/ be fix$ firmly to a squ>e axle-tree1 or 9 su* mann] t !y _c revolve on x2 ! axle may be ab\t ?ree feet 9 l5g?4 ,!n on ! middle ( ?is axle is to be firmly fix$ a fire-:eel1 :i* mu/ be s mu* less 9 diamet]1 t :5 ! cases are atta*$ to x1 x may be q cle> ( ! gr\nd2 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ?is middle :eel be fix$ at "r-angles f ! axle1 or x w n keep 9 a /raight direction :5 set 9 motion4 ,n[ ! fir/ case be+ fir$1 x is evid5t t motion w be giv5 to ! fire-:eel1 :i* be+ fix$ firmly to ! axle ( ! o!rs1 ! consequ5ce :i* foll[s is1 t absolute#af motion w be giv5 to ! :ole app>atus2 :i*1 if plac$ on level gr\nd1 w proce$ to a di/ance proportionate to ! numb] & /r5g? ( ! cases employ$4 ,by atta*+ a second set ( cases1 s arrang$ z to take fire :5 ! fir/ set are consum$1 ! :eel 7runn+ ^u level gr\nd7 w return to ! same place f :i* x receiv$ its prim>y impulse4 ,?is k9d ( :eels1 :5 con/ruct$ ) c>e1 af=ds a v pleas+ recreation4 ,x may be readily se51 t _m o!r ornam5tal pieces ( less magnitude may be atta*$ to ! same axle3--a good level s*ool gr\nd is fav\rable = ! exhibition ( ?is article4 #ad4 ,,horizontal ,,*ang$ ,,to ,a ,,v]tical ,,:eel4 ,! ,:eel = ?is %\ld be ab\t ?ree feet six in*es diamet]4 ,on its circumf]5ce fix sixte5 half-p\nd cases fill$ ) brilliant *>ge1 two ( :i* %\ld burn at a "t4 ,on ea* end ( ! nave1 mu/ be a tube or b>rel ( t9 or brass1 9 diamet] some?+ less ?an t ( ! nave1 & 9 height ab\t six in*es2 ?is is ! con/ruction ( ! :eel4 ,! /& to :i* x is to be fix$ is z foll[s3 set a po/ ( any k9d ( wood1 ab\t f\r in*es squ>e1 firmly into ! gr\nd1 /&+ up ab\t five feet2 !n f ! top saw (f ab\t two feet1 :i* piece mu/ be jo9$ aga9 at ! place :]e x 0 cut1 ) a /rong h+e on "o side1 9 su* a mann] t x may lift up & d[n 9 front ( ! /&2 on ! top ( ! bottom "p1 ! side on :i* ! moveable "p falls1 fix a v /rong bracket project+ ab\t a foot f ! po/2 & at ! extremity ( :i* =m a t5on1 correspond+ to a mortice made 9 ! moveable "p1 s t :5 x falls x may be firmly fix$ to x2 ?is p>ticul> mu/ be att5d$ to1 or ! =ce ) :i* ! :eel revolves :5 v]tical1 w be liable to pull (f ! h+e4 ,on ! side ( ! %ort po/ opposite ! h+e1 nail a piece ( wood1 ext5d+ ab\t eighte5 in*es d[n ! bottom "p ( ! po/1 to :i* x mu/ be ti$ ) a piece ( /r+ only1 :i* w be suffici5t to keep ! %ort "p p]p5dicul>2 9 ! top ( ! latt]1 fix a sp9dle1 t5 or twelve in*es long2 on ?is sp9dle put ! :eel2 !n fix on a brilliant sun ) a s+le glory1 ! diamet] ( :i* mu/ be ab\t six in*es less ?an t ( ! :eel4 ,! :eel be+ ready to fire1 light ! :eel "p fir/1 & let x run horizontally till f\r cases are consum$1 !n f ! end ( ! f\r? case c>ry a lead] into ! t9 b>rel t turns ov] ! end ( ! /&2 ?is lead] mu/ be met by ano!r br\ght ?r\gh ! top ( ! po/1 f a case fill$ ) a /rong port-fire *>ge1 & ti$ to ! bottom po/1 ) its m\? direct$ t[>ds ! /r+ :i* holds up ! upp] "p ( ! po/1 s t :5 ?is case is light$1 x w burn ! /r+ & let ! :eel fall d[nw>d1 by :i* means x w become v]tical2 !n f ! la/ case ( ! :eel c>ry a lead] into ! b>rel next ! sun1 :i* w exhibit its beauties imm$iately ! :eel has ceas$4 ,! sudd5 *ange ( ?is piece r5d]s x v surpris+ & pleas+ to ! obs]v]s ( x1 & entitles x to great att5tion4 #ae4 ,,v]tical ,,scroll ,,:eel4 ,a :eel ( ?is k9d may be made ( any diamet]4 ,! nave may be ( mod]ate size1 & to x fix f\r spokes at "r angles to ea* o!r1 & unit$ to ! fell or circumf]5ce2 r\nd ! latt] y are to fix any numb] ( port-fires3 on ! front ( ! spokes =m1 ) "s /rong iron wire1 a scroll or volute1 9 dim5sions proportionate to ! :eel1 beg9n+ at ! c5tre2 on ?is scroll tie cases ( brilliant fire1 :i* %\ld n be too l>ge1 & plac$ head to tail1 z 9 o!r simil> arrangem5ts4 ,! case ne>e/ ! circumf]5ce mu/ be fir$ fir/1 :i* be+ f>!/ f ! c5tre has mo/ p[] to set ! :eel 9 motion4 ,! port-fires may be be=e1 at ! same "t1 or aft] ! scroll4 ,?is :eel may be wr\ght into "o f> m ornam5t$ & complex4 ,a d\ble scroll might be =m$ on ! spokes1 z well z a d\ble set ( port-fires on ! circumf]5ce2 a pot ( "s k9d at ! c5tre w\ld readily sugge/ itself4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,:eels4 ,9 all articles ( ! :eel k9d1 ! ,tyro mu/ obs]ve to increase ! /r5g? ( 8 composition = cases1 z 8 :eels increase 9 diamet]2 = a rocket prop] = a tw5ty-f\r in* :eel w n d well = "o t is mu* l>g]4 ,! foll[+ rule z to ?is p>ticul> may s]ve 9 _m cases3 divide ! diamet] ( y\r :eels1 tak5 9 in*es1 into ?ree p>ts1 & x w give ! l5g? ( y\r cases1 & g5]ally )9 "o1 ! numb] x w require to g r\nd x4 ,?us suppose y\r :eel is tw5ty-f\r in*es diamet]1 divide by #c2 #bd_/c equals #h1 :i* is ab\t ! l5g? ( y\r cases3 & #g 3 #bb 33 #bd 3 #ebh :i* divid$ #ebh_/g #ge1c & #ge_/h #aj equal #aj1 ! numb] ( eight-in* cases x w take to g r\nd ! circumf]5ce4 ,?is is n giv5 z a p>ticul>1 b z a g5]al rule2 or "o t w assi/ a little 9 ! arrangem5t ( ^! articles4 #af4 ,,to ,,repres5t ,,! ,,fir ,,tree4 ,provide a po/ six or sev5 feet long1 & ?ree in*es squ>e2 !n on ! f> side at n9e in*es f ! top1 fix 9 f\r %ort pegs to fit ! inside ( ! cases2 n9e in*es f ^! fix simil> pegs2 n9e in*es l[] fix o!rs simil> to ! la/2 & f ^!1 ! same di/ance1 fix o!r pegs2 all ^! f\r sets mu/ incl9e upw>ds2 bel[ !m1 at ! same di/ance1 mu/ be fix$ ano!r set incl9+ d[nw>ds1 ! angles ( incl9ation 9 all may be ab\t =ty-five degrees f ! upright po/4 ,at ! top ( ! po/ place a f\r-in* mort> load$ ) />s1 ra9s1 crack]s1 c4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is mort> place a case ) any sort ( *>ge fir$ ) ! o!rs1 :i* %\ld be fill$ ) a brilliant *>ge4 ,! tree may be made ( any size1 & o!r ornam5ts made use (1 z suits ! op]ator4 #ag4 ,,yew ,,tree ,,( ,,brilliant ,,fire4 ,provide a piece ( wood ab\t f\r feet long1 two in*es wide1 & "o ?ick2 at top on ! flat side1 fix a hoop ab\t f\rte5 in*es diamet]2 & r\nd its edge & front place illum9ations1 & 9 ! c5tre a five-po9t$ />2 !n on ea* side at ab\t eighte5 in*es f ! edge ( ! hoop place two twelve-in* cases ( brilliant fire2 bel[ :i* place two m cases ( ! same size1 & at su* a di/ance t _! m\?s may almo/ meet !m at top2 !n close to ! ends ( ^! fix two m ( ! same cases1 :i* mu/ /& p>allel to ! o!rs4 ,! cases be+ ?us fix$1 ! lead]s mu/ be appli$ 9 su* a mann] t ! illum9ations & />s at top may all take fire at ! same "t4 ,fig4 #bg repres5ts ! arrangem5t ( ! article4 #ah4 ,,fix$ ,,fire ,,globes4 ,^! articles are divid$ into two k9ds1 "o ) project$ cases1 ! o!r :5 ! cases are conceal$4 ,= a globe ) conceal$ cases1 provide a sph]ical globe ( any diamet]2 divide ! surface 9 f\rte5 equal p>ts1 & at ea* division bore a hole p]p5dicul> to ! c5tre2 9 e hole except "o 7:i* mu/ be res]v$ = ! sp9dle1 on :i* x mu/ be fix$7 ins]t a case fill$ ) brilliant or any o!r *>ge2 ! m\?s ( ! cases mu/ be ev5 ) ! surface ( ! globe2 f ! m\?s ( ! sev]al cases mu/ be cut a groove1 & 9 x laid a lead]1 = ! purpose ( fir+ !m altoge!r4 ,! globe mu/ be cov]$ ov] ) pap]1 & pa9t$ 9 :at mann] ! ,tyro ?9ks prop]4 ,:5 dry x is to be fix$ ^u ! sp9dle1 & x is ready = exhibition4 ,= project$ ,cases4--,! prep>ation is ne>ly ! same2 ! diff]5ce be+ only to let ea* case project f ! globe ab\t half or two ?irds ( its l5g?2 _! m\?s are to be connect$ by lead]s1 = ! same purpose z be=e1 & exhibit$ 9 ! same mann]4 #ai4 ,,globes ,,:i* ,,leap ,,or ,,roll ,,on ,,! ,,gr\nd4 ,con/ruct a holl[ wood5 globe ( any dim5sions at pleasure2 x mu/ be v r\nd1 bo? int]nal & ext]nal2 its ?ickness mu/ be equal to ab\t ! n9? "p ( its diamet]4 ,9 ?is globe ins]t a small wood5 cyl9d]1 7,a fig4 #bh47 9 bread? equal ab\t "o-fif? diamet] ( ! globe1 its ?ickness ab\t half t ( ditto3 ( ! same size & opposite to ?is cyl9d] mu/ be ano!r ap]ture4 ,x is ?r\gh ?is latt] ap]ture t fire is communicat$ to ! globe1 :5 x has be5 fill$ ) ! prop] composition ?r\gh ! l[] end ( x2 & by :i* y h ! conv5i5ce ( fill+1 & ( putt+1 z is g5]ally done1 a pet>d or report ( metal1 fill$ ) good gra9$ p[d] ov] ! inside ( ! ap]ture2 besides ?is pet>d f\r or five o!rs ( a simil> nature1 only !y ne$ n be 9 metallic cases1 are to be ins]t$2 !y mu/ be load$ ) good gra9$ p[d] fill$ to _! orifices4 ,! composition = fill+ ! rema9+ cavity ( ! globe is--"o p\nd ( bruis$ gunp[d]1 six p\nds ( salt-petre1 ?ree p\nds ( sulphur1 two p\nds ( iron-fil+s1 & half a p\nd ( ,greek pit*4 ,?is composition w n require mu* gr9d+ or sift+2 x w be suffici5t if ! diff]5t +r$i5ts be well incorporat$4 ,x %\ld n be made up q dry1 b ) a little ( "o ( ! liquids we h be=e m5tion$4 ,a globe prep>$ z above1 on be+ fir$ by means ( a mat* atta*$ to ! orifice ,a1 w leap & b\nd ab\t z x burns1 or accord+ to ! accid5tal explosion ( ! pet>ds1 :i* are set on fire by ! composition4 ,in/ead ( plac+ ^! pet>ds 9 ! inside1 !y may be affix$ to ! ext]ior surface ( ! globe1 :i* !y w make to roll & leap ab\t z !y successively take fire4 ,!y may be arrang$ 9 any mann] on ! surface ( ! globe1 provid+ a connection is =m$ betwe5 !m by means ( lead]s4 ,_m diff]5ces 9 ! arrangem5t & =m ( ^! globes may be made1 & :i* w readily sugge/ !mselves to ! +5i\s practition]2 su* z an arrangem5t ( rockets on ! inside1 laid head & tail toge!r2 b 9 case ! globe %\ld be ( pap] or pa/ebo>d1 made 9 two equal hemisph]es1 & jo9$ toge!r by pap]1 ! mat* mu/ be appli$ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! globe made opposite ! m\? ( ! fir/ rocket2 ^! rockets %\ld h no pet>ds at _! tops4 ,x mu/ "h be obs]v$ t ! globes mu/ be p]=at$ 9 v>i\s p>ts1 o!rwise !y w bur/ by ! combu/ion ( ! composition4 ,:5 us$ z wat] globes1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to seal & plug up ! l[] ap]ture ,i1 ,k1 fir/ ) a tompion1 or plug ( wood1 & aft]w>ds ) "s melt$ pit*2 :i* latt] may be put all ov] ! globe 9 ord] to pres]ve x f ! wat]4 ,ov] ! plug at bottom1 & previ\s to ! application ( ! pit*1 mu/ be melt$ su* a quantity ( lead1 z w cause ! globe to s9k 9 wat]1 till no?+ b ! "p ,a1 w rema9 above its surface2 ?is w be ! case :5 ! weight ( ! globe & its cont5ts1 ) ! lead atta*$1 becomes equal to ! weight ( an equal volume ( wat]4 ,if ! globe be !n plac$ 9 ! wat]1 ! lead by its sup]ior gravity1 w make ! ap]ture ,i1 ,k1 t5d directly d[nw>ds1 & keep 9 a p]p5dicul> position ! cyl9d] ,a1 to :i* fire mu/ h be5 previ\sly appli$4 ,trial %\ld be made respect+ ! quantity ( lead previ\s to its be+ exhibit$1 :i* may be easily done4 ,! figures ref]r$ to repres5t a globe "u v>i\s modes ( arrangem5t4 #bj4 ,,moon ,,& ,,sev5 ,,/>s4 ,provide a circul> bo>d ab\t five feet diamet]2 & out ( ! middle cut a piece ab\t f\rte5 in*es diamet]2 !n ov] ! op5+ put a piece ( :ite ,p]sian silk1 on :i* pa9t a moon's face2 ov] ! :ole ( ! l>ge bo>d draw a sev5-po9t$ />1 t]m9at+ 9 ! circumf]5ce2 !n on ! l9es =m+ ! /> bore a numb] ( holes at small di/ances f ea* o!r1 :]e9 fix po9t$ />s4 ,9 ea* ( ! spaces betwe5 ! po9ts ( ?is l>ge />1 cut out a five-po9t$ />1 & cov] ea* ) oil$ silk4 ,:5 ?is is to be exhibit$1 fix x on a sp9dle 9 front ( a po/1 ) a :eel ( brilliant fire beh9d ! face ( x2 s t :ile ! :eel burns1 ! moon & />s w appe> transp>5t2 & :5 ! :eel has ceas$ burn+1 !y w disappe>1 & ! l>ge /> 9 front1 =m$ ( ! po9t$ />s1 w beg91 be+ light$ by a pipe ( communication f ! la/ case ( ! v]tical :eel beh9d ! moon1 :i* mu/ be effect$ z taught 9 a =ego+ article4 #ba4 ,,suns ,,fix$ ,,& ,,moveable4 ,among ! v>i\s amus+ articles ( pyrote*nic produce1 none are m beautiful or af=d great] remun]ation ( pleasure1 ?an ^? "u ! d5om9ation ( ,suns4 ,!y are ( sev]al k9ds1 z fix$1 moveable1 & transp>5t2 !y are all ( simple con/ruction4 ,fix$ suns aft] ! foll[+ mann]3--,provide a nave ( wood1 & 9 x fix f\rte5 or sixte5 pieces 9 ! =m ( radii2 & to ^! radii atta* jets ( fire1 ! m\?s ( ! jets be+ t[>ds ! circumf]5ce4 ,a mat* mu/ be appli$ 9 su* a mann]1 t ! fire communicat$ at ! c5tre1 may be convey$ at ! same "t1 to ! m\?s ( ea* ( ! jets2 by :i* means ea* ?r[+ its fire1 ! appe>ance w be t ( a radiat+ sun2 ! :eel mu/ be fix$ 9 a v]tical position4 ,! jets may be s arrang$ z to cross ea* o!r 9 an angul> mann]2 9 :i* case1 in/ead ( a sun y w h a />1 or a sort ( cross resembl+ t ( ,malta4 ,"s ( ^! suns are made also ) sev]al r[s ( jets2 :5 !y are s arrang$ !y are call$ glories4 ,! :eel1 or sun1 may be caus$ to revolve by atta*+ jets to x 9 ! direction ( ! circumf]5ce1 ) _! heads & tails toge!r4 ,:5 ! :eel is heavy f\r ( ! rockets mu/ be fir$ toge!r1 & ?is 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 suppos+ !re are tw5ty cases employ$1 fire mu/ be communicat$ at ! same "t to ! fir/1 ! six?1 ! elev5?1 & ! sixte5?2 f :i* x w proce$ to ! second1 ! sev5?1 ! twelf?1 ! sev5te5?1 & s on4 ,^! f\r rockets w make ! :eel turn r\nd ) rapidity4 ,if two simil> suns1 ) horizontal axes1 are plac$ "o beh9d ! o!r1 & made to turn 9 opposite directions1 !y w produce a v pleas+ effect ( cross-fire4 ,?ree or f\r suns arrang$ on a simil> axis1 might be implant$ 9 a v]tical "o1 moveable 9 ! middle ( a table2 :i* revolv+ ar\nd x w\ld seem to pursue ea* o!r4 ,!y mu/ be fix$ firm on _! axis & ?is axis mu/ turn 9 ! upright "o 9 ! middle ( ! table2 & at ! place :]e !y re/ on ! table1 %\ld be furni%$ ) a v moveable roll]4 ,= a transp>5t sun1 a prep>$ face ( oil$ pap]1 or ,p]sian silk1 pa9t$ 9 a prop] mann]1 mu/ be provid$1 & /ra9$ tight ^u a hoop1 :i* mu/ be support$ by pieces ( /rong wire1 six or sev5 in*es f ! :eel1 s t ! light ( x may illum9ate ! face4 ,aft] ! same mann] may be repres5t$ 9 ! front ( a sun1 ! words ,f>ewell1 ,vivat ,rex1 or ,apollo1 or any o!r figure may be pa9t$ on ! silk4 ,sometimes a small hexagonal :eel is fix$ to ! nave ( ! l>ge :eel1 ^: cases mu/ be fill$ ) ! same *>ge z ! o!r2 two ( :i* mu/ burn at a "t1 & beg9 ) ! o!rs4 ,= a sun five feet 9 diamet]1 ! cases %\ld be ^? ( eight ounces1 fill$ ) composition ab\t t5 in*es4 ,if ! :eels are l>g] ! cases mu/ be proportionate to !m4 #bb4 ,,composition ,,= ,,repres5t+ ,,animals ,,& ,,o!r ,,devices ,,9 ,,fire4 ,r$uce "s sulphur to an impalpable p[d]1 & hav+ ) />* =m$ x into a pa/e1 cov] ) x ! figure y int5d to repres5t on fire2 ! figure mu/ be fir/ coat$ ov] ) clay1 to prev5t x f be+ burnt4 ,:5 ! figure has be5 cov]$ ) ?is pa/e1 spr9kle x a little1 :ile /ill moi/1 ) pulv]is$ gunp[d]2 & :5 ! :ole is p]fectly dry1 arrange "s small mat*es on ! pr9cipal p>ts ( x1 t ! fire may be spe$ily communicat$ to x on all sides4 ,by ! same me?od may be =m$ fe/oons1 g>l&s1 & o!r ornam5ts1 ! fl[]s ( :i* might be imitat$ by fire ( diff]5t col\rs1 & arrang$ on any pla/]$ ar*itecture4 ,,aquatic ,,fire-,,works4 ,?\gh fire & wat] are ( v opposite natures1 yet !re are _m fire-works1 :i* w burn & produce _! effect ev5 :5 imm]s$ 9 _! opposite elem5t2 ( ^! rockets are ! mo/ pleas+4 ,!y may be made f f\r ounces to two p\nds4 ,! cases are made z ^? = sky-rockets1 diff]+ only z x reg>ds ! ?ickness ( !m1 :i* %\ld be some:at great]1 & 9 ! mann] ( fill+1 :i* latt] is ! mo/ p>ticul>1 requir+ a v>iety ( compositions ramm$ 9 alt]nate lay]s1 = ! purpose ( mak+ !m alt]nately dive & swim4 ,! compositions are *iefly ( ?ree k9ds1 namely1 t ( sulphur two ounces1 salt-petre f\r ounces1 & meal$-p[d] "o ounce & a-half1 & ab\t "o f\r? ( an ounce ( antimony4 ,! second k9d call$ a s9k+ *>ge1 is compos$ ( eight ounces ( meal$-p[d]1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( an ounce ( *>coal4 ,! ?ird1 call$ an ord9>y *>ge1 compos$ ( meal$-p[d]1 salt-petre1 sulphur1 & *>coal1 v>i$ z 9 ! foll[+ proportions3 sometimes a small portion ( sea-coal or saw-du/ is bl5d$ ) !m4 #a4 ,meal$-p[d] six p\nds1 salt-petre ?ree p\nds1 *>coal five p\nds4 #b4 ,meal$-p[d] f\r p\nds1 salt-petre f\r p\nds1 sulphur two p\nds4 #c4 ,meal$-p[d] f\r ounces1 salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur eight ounces & a-half1 *>coal two ounces4 #d4 ,meal$-p[d] "o p\nd1 salt-petre ?ree p\nds1 sulphur "o p\nd1 *>coal n9e ounces4 #e4 ,salt-petre "o p\nd1 sulphur f\r ounces & a-half1 *>coal six ounces4 ,9 fill+1 "o ladle-full ( sl[-fire is fir/ ramm$ 9 ! case2 !n "o or two ( s9k+ *>ge2 ! common & ! s9k+ *>ge are plac$ alt]nately to )9 ab\t two diamet]s ( ! top4 ,ov] ! la/ lay] is plac$ "o ladle-full ( dry clay2 & a p]=ation made ?r\gh into ! *>ge4 ,! rema9d] ( ! case upw>ds1 to )9 ab\t half a diamet]1 is fill$ ) corn-p[d]1 & two or ?ree folds ( ! pap] turn$ ov] x2 :5 ! ramm+ pap] at ! end is secur$ ) /rong ?read1 & aft]w>ds dipp$ 9 melt$ pit* or wax4 ,:5 sev]al rockets are ?r[n into ! wat] at ! same "t1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to select ^? :i* h be5 fill$ & ramm$ 9 an uni=m mann]4 ,to secure ! cases f ! action ( ! wat]1 x is obvi\s t !y %\ld be prep>$ z su*2 ?is is done by v>ni%+ !m ov] ) l9se$ oil1 or common v>ni%4 ,lead]s1 & pipes ( communication1 mu/ be prep>$ aft] ! same mann] z rockets1 z f> z reg>ds _! cases2 t is1 !y mu/ be made some:at /rong]1 & :5 fix$ to be v>ni%$ ov] z be=e2 tak+ c>e n to v>ni% be=e all y\r pa/+ is complet$4 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,fire-,,f\nta9 ,,= ,,! ,,wat]4 ,provide a circul> float ?ree feet diamet]2 9 ! middle fix a r\nd po/ f\r feet high1 ab\t two in*es diamet]2 r\nd ?is po/ fix ?ree circul> :eels made ( ?9 wood4 ,place ! l>ge/ )9 two or ?ree in*es ( ! bottom1 :i* %\ld be n mu* less ?an ! float4 ,! second :eel mu/ be ab\t two feet two1 & fix$ two feet f ! fir/4 ,! ?ird :eel mu/ be sixte5 in*es diamet]1 & fix$ )9 six in*es ( ! top ( ! po/4 ,!n take eighte5 f\r or eight-ounce cases ( brilliant fire1 & place !m r\nd ! fir/ :eel ) _! m\?s upw>ds1 & incl9+ d[nw>ds2 on ! second :eel place ?irte5 cases 9 ! same mann] z ^? on ! fir/2 on ! ?ird place eight m 9 ! same mann] z be=e1 & on ! top ( ! po/ fix a g]be2 !n clo! ! cases ) lead]s1 s t bo? !y & ! g]bes may take fire at ! same "t4 ,be=e fir+ ?is "w x is be/ to try x 9 ! wat] to see :e!r ! float is prop]ly made1 s z to keep ! f\nta9 upright4 ,aquatic exhibitions are almo/ z num]\s z ^? ( ! o!r k9d1 b we consid] x entirely useless to describe m ?an we h already done2 z s _m ( !m dep5d on ! ta/e & +5uity ( ! practition]4 ,be=e clos+ our ,,manual we w j notice "s ( our public displays ( ,fire-works 9 ,london1 = a week sc>cely passes b we are arre/$ 9 our progress ?r\gh ! busy t[n by plac>ds ( "s ?ree or f\r feet long1 ) huge lett]s ( alt]nate black & r$1 advis+ u ( a gr& display ( ,fire-works at ,vauxhall or "s o!r place ( amusem5t4 ,^! frequ5t repetitions c]ta9ly /agg] ! pretty g5]ally receiv$ op9ion1 t ! ,pyrote*nic art is ^u ! decl9e 9 ,engl&4 ,our ,!atres ,royal d n disda9 to call ,pyrote*ny to _! aid1 = we h lately se5 a v good display at ,drury ,lane1 by way ( climax to ! ,extravaganza ( ,giovanni 9 ,london4 ,! ,fire-works at ,sadl]'s ,wells dur+ ! la/ season ^u ! :ole 7 v good1 al?\gh a conf9$ ,!atre is c]ta9ly n ! mo/ advantage\s place = ,pyrote*nic exhibitions4 ,?is ,!atre hav+ ! advantage ( real wat]1 !y h good opportunities ( =m+ a junction ( ! two opposite elem5ts2 & :i* on ! la/ ev5+ ( _! p]=mance !y c]ta9ly did1 ) ! aid ( ,f\nta9s & ,wat] ,rockets2--?is display conclud$ ) ! appropriate motto ( 8,,f>ewell10 9 brilliant fire4 ,! m]its ( ! ,fire-works at ,vauxhall la/ season 7 v great1 & z su* 7 duly appreciat$ by ! ,public4 ,!y 7 on a l>g] scale ?an =m]ly1 & h only be5 excell$ by royal magnific5ce at ! display 9 ! ,p>k 9 #ahad4 ,w4 ,,tyl]1 ,,pr9t]1 #e1 ,,bridgewat] ,,squ>e4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,nitric acid is a comp\nd ( azot1 or impure air1 & oxyg51 or vital air1 & is sometimes made by repeat$ly pass+ electric %ocks ?r\gh a mixture ( oxyg5\s & azotic gas4 #b ,pota%1 or ! vegetable alkali1 is g5]ally obta9$ f wood-a%es2 b sometimes f ! t>t>1 or f ! lees ( w9e3 :at is us$ 9 ,engl& is g5]ally import$ f ! nor?1 :]e !re is an abundance ( wood1 to all[ ( its be+ burnt = ?is purpose4 ,?is ,nitrate ( ,pota% exi/s 9 a natural /ate1 b is g5]ally 9 v small quantities4 ,x is f\nd at ! surface ( ! gr\nd 9 "s p>ts ( ,p]sia & ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & is mo/ly unit$ ) a k9d ( yell[i% m>l1 :i* !y dig f ! cliffs on ! sides ( hills1 expos$ to ! nor!rn & ea/]n w9ds4 #c ,alum9e1 or clay2 x is f\nd ( v>i\s degrees ( purity1 & mix$ ) a v>iety ( o!r e>?s4 #d ,?is is ,lime comb9$ ) sulphuric acid2 x is call$ ,gypsum1 pla/] ( ,p>is1 pla/]-/one1 or sel5ite4 ,x is v abundant 9 "s p>ts ( ,engl&1 & ! hills ne> ,p>is are *iefly compos$ ( x4 #e ,f pyr1 fire1 & lignum1 wood2 ! acid obta9$ f ! p>tial combu/ion ( wood2 ?is acid is us$ 9 calico pr9t+ z mordants = d>k-col\r$ patt]ns4 #f ,! "n giv5 by *emi/s to ! pure "p ( *>coal4 ,x is said to be pres5t 9 almo/ all combu/ible bodies1 & is ( itself entirely ( t nature4 ,:5 *>coal is burnt1 its c>bon unites ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & s mu* heat z to give x a gase\s =m1 & con/itutes c>bonic acid gas1 or fix$ air4 ,! same gas is also obta9$ by ! combu/ion ( ! diamond1 prov+ t ?is preci\s & co/ly article is c>bon or *>coal1 9 a v indurat$ /ate1 & assum+ a det]m9ate =m4 ,x 0 n till lately t ! diamond 0 prov$ to be combu/ible2 b by means ( ! bl[-pipe1 & a /ream ( oxyg5 gas1 x may be1 to speak 9 common language1 :olly consum$4 ,! air t is extricat$ dur+ ! combu/ion1 is c>bonic acid gas1 prov+ ! diamond to h be5 *iefly1 if n :olly1 compos$ ( c>bon4 ,long be=e ?is fact respect+ ! diamond 0 asc]ta9$1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 reason+ f its great refract+ p[]1 decl>$ x to be 8 op9ion1 t x 0 "o ( ! mo/ combu/ible ( bodies4 ,mod]n discov]ies h n[ prov$ ! fact2 & x af=ds u an admirable in/ance ( ! acum5 ( t great ,philosoph]4 ,popul> ,*emical ,essays4 #g ,! =ce by :i* ?is :eel revolves is v rem>kable1 z x unites 9 itself ^? two adv]se =ces :i* h be5 ! subject ( s mu* ma!matical controv]sy1 namely1 ! c5trifugal & c5tripetal3 x may appe> l trifl+ ) sci5ce to obs]ve ^! =ces 9 ?is simple production1 b t !y d exi/ 9 x is n less evid5t3 = f ! revolutions ( ! ignit$ p>ticles ( ! composition ! =m] is produc$1 & f ! nature & well kn[n prop]ties ( ! evolute curve1 ct]is p>ibus1 ! latt] is produc$4 ,! ,evolute & ,involute ,curves are possess$ ) _m rem>kable prop]ties1 :i* x w\ld be no difficult task to unfold1 b z x c\ld be ( no practical use to ! ,pyrote*ni/1 we %all leave x to su* ( our ,ma!matical read]s z are able to appreciate ! pleasure :i* su* inve/igations af=d4 ,& = _! assi/ance we ref] !m to ! excell5t writ+s ( ,hutton1 ,simson1 ,maclaur91 c4 ,& to ,sect4 #d1 ,book #b1 ,newton's ,pr9cipia1 :]e !y w f9d ! subject beautifully illu/rat$4 #h ,he is fabl$ by ! anci5ts to h =m$ a man ( clay or e>?1 & to h /ol5 fire f heav51 ) :i* he animat$ ! man he _h made4 ,hea!n ,deities4 #i ,fig4 #aa repres5ts an app>atus = bor+ ,rockets :5 driv5 solid--%\ld ?is me?od be attempt$1 x is "o ( ! simple/ k9d t c be us$3 ,a ,b are two movable blocks holl[$ out at _! edges to receive ! ,rocket4 ,c ,d are two screws 9 ea*1 go+ ?r\gh two sides ( ! frame to make !m fa/4 ,e is a brace c>ry+ a %ell-bit 9 dim5sions prop] = ! ,rocket4 ,fig4 #af is a simil> bit fix$ 9 a h&le2 :i* is useful 9 clean+ out ! bore :5 ! ,rocket is tak5 f ! blocks4 #aj ,a l9e is ! twelf? "p ( an in*1 or #add? "p ( a foot4 ,geometricians conceive ! l9e not)/&+ its smallness to be subdivid$ 9 six po9ts4 ,! numb]s 9 ! table might h be5 giv5 9 l9es & po9ts1 b x 0 ?\ght ! fractional numb]s w\ld be z well und]/ood4 #aa ,euclid #ab4 #ah4 ,sph]es are to ea* o!r z ! cubes ( _! diamet]1 ?is is ! pr9ciple employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! table2 b ! me?od is conv]se1 be+ t ( extract+ ! roots4 #ab ,:5 ! ,rods are ( l>ge dim5sions1 !y %\ld be bor$ at ! top1 & fill$ ) p[d]1 :i* bl[s !m to pieces previ\s to _! return to ! e>?1 & prev5ts any mis*ief :i* might happ5 by _! fall+ o!rwise4 #ac ,s call$1 f _! resemblance 7:5 9 action7 to ! rod borne by ,m]cury2 :i*1 accord+ to fabul\s hi/ory1 0 entwi/$ by two s]p5ts1 z ! sign & quality ( 8 (fice1 :i* 0 giv5 him = 8 sev5 /r+$ h>p4--,! t]m 7or ,caduce7 0 also us$ among ! ,romans1 & appli$ to a /aff or w& ( a simil> =m1 c>ri$ by ^? (fic]s :o w5t to proclaim peace ) any p ) :om !y _h be5 at v>iance4 #ad ,f ! ,fr5* t]m1 ,c\rant1 signify+ runn+4 #ae ,a ,fr5* t]m signify+ a clu/]4 #af ,absolute motion is ! *ange ( absolute space or place ( bodies1 z ! motion ( a projectile1 ! flight ( a bird1 or ! motion ( our own app>atus4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,obvi\s typographical errors & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,! t]m #8fl[] pa/e' ref]s to fl[] ( sulphur1 n :eat fl\r4 ,9 ! orig9al text 9 ! tables on pages #eb1 #gi1 #hh1 #hi & #aje1 ! units ( measure 7 italiciz$4 ,?is has be5 normaliz$ 9 ?is etext = readability2 = example1 ozs4 & lbs4 are display$ in/ead ( ozs4 & lbs44 ,except = ^? *anges not$ bel[1 all misspell+s 9 ! text1 & inconsi/5t or ar*aic usage1 h be5 reta9$3 = example1 l5g?-wise1 l5g?wise2 ,c\rant9s1 ,c\rant9es2 emication2 *oak$2 scioli/ic2 indurat$2 inclos$2 dephlogi/icat$4 ,pg vii3 #8,scrolls = ,rockets 444 #aaf' ins]t$ into ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,pg #c3 #8small exp5ce' replac$ by #8small exp5se'4 ,pg #d3 #8by a pully' replac$ by #8by a pulley'4 ,pg #d3 #8& developem5t (' replac$ by #8& developm5t ('4 ,pg #f3 #8d',inc>vill1 &' replac$ by #8d',inc>ville1 &'4 ,pg #h3 #8are treject$ )' replac$ by #8are traject$ )'4 ,pg #ac3 #8& corruscations' replac$ by #8& coruscations'4 ,pg #dj3 #8seem+ p>odox (' replac$ by #8seem+ p>adox ('4 ,pg #dc3 #8slide 9 a grove' replac$ by #8slide 9 a groove'4 ,pg #de3 #8#c4 ,me?od 444 ' replac$ by #8#b4 ,me?od 444 '4 ,pg #dg3 #8g]bs1 s]p5ts' replac$ by #8g]bes1 s]p5ts'4 ,pg #eb3 #8,sulph]' replac$ by #8,sulphur'4 ,pg #ei3 #8fir/ tempr>ily' replac$ by #8fir/ tempor>ily'4 ,pg #ei3 #8dim5tions ( :i*' replac$ by #8dim5sions ( :i*'4 ,pg #gj3 #8pap] ov] ! ! top' replac$ by #8pap] ov] ! top'4 ,pg #gj3 #8,,saucissons4' replac$ by #8#g4 ,,saucissons4'4 ,pg #gb3 #8a /rong cyl9dical' replac$ by #8a /rong cyl9drical'4 ,pg #gg3 #8some:at less !n' replac$ by #8some:at less ?an'4 ,pg #gh3 #8increase proportionably' replac$ by #8increase proportionally'4 ,pg #ha3 #8,ragett5' replac$ by #8,raket5'4 ,pg #ha3 #8,fuzee' replac$ by #8,fuse'4 ,pg #hf3 #8!m f split+' replac$ by #8!m f splitt+'4 ,pg #hf3 #8by ! mallett' replac$ by #8by ! mallet'4 ,pg #ib3 #8,table #b' replac$ by #8,table ,,ii'4 ,pg #ib3 #8,table #c' replac$ by #8,table ,,iii'4 ,pg #aag3 #8be/4 ,accordd+' replac$ by #8be/4 ,accord+'4 ,pg #ada3 #8be+ treject$' replac$ by #8be+ traject$'4