,,! ,,boot ,,& ,,%oe ,,manufactur]s' ,,assi/ant ,,& ,,guide4 ,,conta9+ ,a ,,brief ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,trade4 ,hi/ory ( ,india-,rubb] & ,gutta-,p]*a1 ,,& ,,_! ,,application ,,to ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes4 ,,full ,,in/ructions ,,9 ,,! ,,art1 ,,) ,,diagrams ,,& ,,scales1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,,vulcanization ,,& ,,sulphurization1 ,,engli% ,,& ,,am]ican ,,pat5ts4 ,,) ,,an ,,elaborate ,,treatise ,,on ,,tann+4 8,,sutor ,,ultra ,,crepidam40 ,,compil$ ,,& ,,edit$ ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,ri*>dson1 ,,jr4 8,give good he>+ to ^? :o give ! fir/ in=mation 9 bus9ess40--,,bacon4 ,,bo/on3 ,,higg9s1 ,,bradley ,,dayton1 #bj ,,wa%+ton ,,/4 #aheh4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress 9 ! ye> #aheh1 by ,w4 ,h4 ,,ri*>dson1 ,,jr41 ,9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ,massa*usetts4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface4 ,illu/ration ,9 prep>+ ! foll[+ pages1 ! au?or has aim$ to supply a want hi!rto unsuppli$4 ,no "w devot$ to ! wants ( ! ,boot & ,%oe-mak]1 manufactur]1 or m]*ant1 has ev] be5 compil$4 ,able articles ^u ! 8,trade10 /ati/ical /atem5ts1 & g5]al comm5ts ^u matt]s ( int]e/ local 9 _! "*1 & hav+ p>ticul> ref]5ce to ! /ate ( ! times 9 :i* !y 7 writt51 h be5 publi%$1 p]us$ & =gott54 ,b no "w1 conta9+ a hi/ory ( ?is important me*anical int]e/1 toge!r ) in/ructions 9 ! sci5ce ( ! ,boot & ,%oe manufacture1 has ev] be5 writt54 ,! ,au?or does n flatt] himself t he has1 by any means1 exhau/$ s fruitful a subject1 b t he has prep>$ & compil$ important facts & rules1 & submitt$ valuable sugge/ions :i* are correct 9 !ory1 & practical 9 _! application1 he has n a d\bt4 ,)9 a few ye>s1 ?is important indu/rial int]e/ has assum$ almo/ wond]ful proportions1 & x n[ t[]s 9 magnitude & importance1 above all its compe]s4 ,new elem5ts h be5 introduc$ into ! manufacture ( boots & %oes1 & =tunes h be5 exp5d$ 9 endeavor+ to introduce new me?ods by :i* to *eap5 ! process ( manufacture1 z well z ! raw mat]ial4 ,! introduction ( ,india-rubb] & ,gutta-p]*a z articles ( me*anical use1 has quick5$ ! pulses ( inv5tion1 & has already produc$ wond]ful1 & important *anges 9 all dep>tm5ts ( ! me*anic arts1 & m especially 9 t ( boots & %oes4 ,already h ^! important vegetable gums1 & ! ?\s& uses ( :i* !y are susceptible1 attract$ ! att5tion ( ! _w1 & la/ b n lea/1 we are indebt$ to ! discov]y & use ( ,gutta-p]*a = ! successful insulation ( ! ,atlantic ,cable1 )\t :i* sub/ance1 ! cable c\ld n h be5 safely subm]g$4 ,e/abli%m5ts = ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]1 & ,gutta-p]*a1 into almo/ e conceivable %ape1 h sprung up1 z x 7 9 a day4 ,pat5ts = its use & application1 are con/antly pres5t+ !mselves4 ,h]et(ore1 x has be5 ! policy ( all int]e/$ 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb] & ,gutta-p]*a1 to surr\nd _! inv5tions ) an air ( my/]y4 8,no admittance0 has be5 blazon$ ^u _! laboratories1 & no 8op5 sesame0 pron\nc$ by ! un9itiat$1 has succe$$ 9 op5+ ! doors to _! c>efully gu>d$ treasures4 ,9 ?is "w1 we h endeavor$ to make cle>1 simple1 b important facts1 sci5tific discov]ies & obs]vations1 :i*1 f practical exp]i5ce1 we "k to be ( great utility4 ,a collection ( ! mo/ approv$ recipes = ! prep>ation ( comp\nds ( ,india-rubb]1 & ,gutta-p]*a1 w\ld alone1 make a volume wor?y ( pres]vation4 ,b we h endeavor$ to pres5t all ! important rules1 practical h9ts1 & obs]vations1 necess>y to ! manufacture ( boots & %oes1 also an important & economical me?od ( repair+ ! same4 ,h]e9 may be f\nd a hi/ory ( ! discov]y ( ,india-rubb] & ,gutta-p]*a1 its uses & applications1 ! inv5tions :i* !y h call$ into exi/5ce1 ! pat5ts t h be5 tak5 out1 ! 8claims0 set =? by diff]5t individuals1 ! causes ( ! failures ( _m ( !m1 & a brief hi/ory ( _! pret5sions4 ,we h]e9 introduce a process ( manufactur+ boots & %oes1 ( ! mo/ durable "*1 at ab\t "o-half ! exp5se ( ! old me?od1 by a process s simple t ! humble/ cordwa9] 9 ! l&1 no less ?an ! weal?y & ext5sive manufactur]1 c at once ent] ^u ! field ( competition2 b "t & exp]im5t w det]m9e ! real value & utility ( ,gutta-p]*a z a sub/itute = 8pegs0 & 8/it*es10 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes4 ,p>ticul> att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! application ( ,gutta-p]*a1 & ,india-rubb]1 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes1 inasmu* z x is a new field1 & mu* int]e/ is manife/$ by ! 8craft0 to und]/& its value & use4 ,n lea/ 9 ! application ( ?is process ( %oe manufacture1 is ! invaluable b5efit to be d]iv$ by all :o we> ?9 sol$ %oes or boots1 inasmu* z %oes ?us made are imp]vi\s to wat] f ! sole1 ?us all[+ ! mo/ delicate lady to walk ) impunity ^u gr\nd1 wet by ! morn+ %[]1 or ev5+ dew4 ,p]spiration ( ! foot is 9 no wise conf9$ by ?is process1 z x escapes f ! upp] portion ( ! %oe4 ,! sy/em ( cutt+ ,patt]ns1 h]e9 set =?1 is alone wor? ! price ( ! "w1 z its simplicity1 sci5tific correctness1 & application to e description ( boot or %oe1 enables any me*anic possess+ ord9>y +5uity1 to prep>e sets ( patt]ns = all classes ( "w desir$4 ,diagrams1 to assi/ ! beg9n] are expla9$ s cle>ly1 t e important rule is at once und]/ood4 ,a 8,treatise ^u ,tann+0 is also introduc$1 9 :i* ! subject is treat$ 9 a compreh5sive mann]1 & compilations f ! mo/ approv$ au?orities are made4 ,! hi/ory ( ,vulcanization1 ,adult]ations ( ,india-rubb]1 7ca\t*\c7 & gutta-p]*a1 w be f\nd to conta9 _m important facts & sugge/ions4 ,! au?or is indebt$ to v>i\s s\rces = _m ( ! sci5tific & hi/orical facts h]e9 conta9$4 ,fir/1 to a ,bo/on g5tleman ( high /&+1 long id5tifi$ ) ! ,boot & ,%oe int]e/1 = facts 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! trade 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,a great numb] ( ,engli% works h be5 c>efully exam9$1 & su* ( _! cont5ts z be> directly ^u ! elucidation ( facts1 & !ories set =?1 copi$4 ,! ,sci5tific ,am]ican1 has also furni%$ u ) _m important facts & sugge/ions4 ,all ! practical & useful comp\nds h]e9 describ$1 ) a few exceptions1 are ! results ( long1 pati5t1 & labori\s inve/igation2 also ! process ( mak+ boots & %oes by ! new me?od1 are f actual te/s1 & p]sonal exp]im5ts4 ,?is portion ( ! "w1 or r ! facts !re9 set =?1 7 furni%$ by a g5tleman :o has devot$ _m ye>s to ! prosecution ( exp]im5ts 9 gutta-p]*a1 & ,india-rubb] comp\nds4 ,he is ackn[l$g$ to possess great practical k1 & sci5tific rese>* 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( me*anical art4 ,a g5]al1 r ?an a sci5tific compilation has be5 adopt$1 s t ! "w %all be f\nd univ]sal 9 its application1 al?\gh address$ especially to ! me*anic4 ,all te*nicalities h be5 avoid$ z f> z possible1 & simple descriptions1 & popul> t]ms sub/itut$4 ,! 8,assi/ant & ,guide10 is d$icat$ to all int]e/$ 9 ! great indu/rial int]e/ :i* x repres5ts4 ,x is a humble pione] 9 a new field1 & is submitt$ ) ! hope t x may be f\nd a valuable 8assi/ant0 to ^? j />t+ 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( _! appr5tice%ip--a 8guide0 to su* z are desir\s ( p]fect+ !mselves 9 ! call+ to :i* _! ef=ts are direct$1 & a 8companion0 to ! m]*ant1 & all :o seek = in=mation1 9 ! ?\s& v>i$ *annels ?r\gh :i* x fl[s4 ,w4 ,h4 ,r4 ,,jr4 ,,bo/on1 ,octob]1 #aheh4 ,,cont5ts4 ,illu/ration ,,introduction--,an acc\nt ( ! v>i\s /yles ( 8cov]+ = feet10 be=e ! ,*ri/ian ,era2 ) illu/rations1 xv ,,book ,i4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,boot ,,& ,,%oe ,,trade1 #i ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,rise ,,& ,,progress ,,( ,,! ,,boot ,,& ,,%oe ,,trade1 #ad ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,gutta ,,p]*a--,,its ,,prop]ties1 ,,manufactures1 ,c41 ,c41 #ai ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,gutta ,,p]*a--,,its ,,fir/ ,,application ,,z ,a ,,cem5t ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 #ci ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,gutta ,,p]*a ,,= ,,belts1 ,,h>nesses1 ,c42 ,,its ,,application ,,to ,,wood ,,"w1 ,c41 #dc ,te/imonials1 #de ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,india ,,rubb]--,,its ,,discov]y1 ,,uses1 ,c41 #ea ,clean+ ,processes1 ,mack9to% ,clo?1 #ef ,cutt+ ,processes1 ,india ,rubb] ,liquid1 ,braids & ,webs1 #eh-fj ,vulcaniz$2 ,comp>ison ( ,india ,rubb] & ,gutta ,p]*a1 #fa-fe ,,book ,,ii4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,/ock1 #ff ,middle ,soles2 ,spur or ,spr+ ,lifts2 ,to ,prep>e ,lea!r ,soles2 ,to ,prep>e ,c\nt]s2 ,prep>ation ( ,/ock = ,clo? ,%oes2 ,prep>ation ( ! ,upp] ,/ock2 ,to ,prep>e ,upp]s made ( any description ( ,lea!r1 or "p ,lea!r & ,clo?2 ,in/ructions = ,la/+2 ,cem5t+ ,processes aft] ,la/+2 ,directions = apply+ ,?ick or ,?9 ,soles to ,%oes & ,boots2 ,rem>ks on ,f9i%+2 ,taps or ,soles = ,repair+2 ,prep>+ ! ,boot or ,%oe to be ,repair$2 ,important ,facts = ,manufactur]s2 ,comp\nds = ,heels ( ,%oes or ,boots2 ,v>i\s ,fibr\s ,comp\nds = ,lea!r ,soles1 c42 ,practical ,h9ts4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,h9ts ,,& ,,in/ructions ,,on ,,patt]n ,,cutt+1 #gi ,diagrams on pages #hb1 #hc1 #hd1 #he1 #hg1 #if1 #ig1 #ii2 ,fitt+ up ,la/s = ! ,measurem5t ( ! ,foot1 #hh2 ,cutt+ ,boot ,patt]ns1 #hi2 ,scales = ,la/s1 #ia2 ,scales = ,m$ium ,proportions ( ,feet1 #ic2 ,directions = ,patt]n ,cutt+1 #ic-aja4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,mak+ ,,fr5* ,,cu/om ,,boots1 ,,%oes ,,& ,,gait]s1 #ajc ,,book ,,iii4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,! ,,vulcanization ,,& ,,sulphurization ,,( ,,india ,,rubb] ,,9 ,,am]ica1 #ajf ,na?aniel ,hayw>d1 #aji2 ,importance ( ! ,discov]y1 #aac2 ,causes ( ,failure1 #aad2 ,*>les ,goodye>1 & ,int]e/+ ,acc\nt ( 8 ,trials1 #aad-abd2 ,results4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,vulcanization--,,int]e/+ ,,reflections1 #abh ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,vulcanization--,,te/s ,,( ,,quality ,,( ,,native ,,gums1 ,,p[] ,,to ,,be ,,us$ ,,9 ,,manufacture1 #acf2 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,manufacture1 ,c4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,vulcanization--,,importance ,,( ,,gum ,,ela/ic ,,= ,,educational ,,purposes1 #adb ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,india ,,rubb] 7,,ca\t*\c27 ,,engli% ,,sy/em ,,( ,,adult]ation ,,fully ,,pres5t$1 #ade-afd ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,valuable ,,recipes--,purify+ ,gutta ,p]*a1 #afe ,m>9e ,glue2 ,india ,rubb] ,armor2 ,new ,gutta ,p]*a ,composition2 ,india ,rubb] ,v>ni%2 ,wat]-,pro(+ ,oil2 ,india ,rubb] ,tee?2 ,em]y ,pap]1 c42 ,*eap ,me?od ( ,mak+ ,lea!r ,wat] ,pro(4 ,,book ,,iv4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,gutta ,,p]*a ,,pat5ts1 #agd ,fir/ ,pat5t by ,d4 ,a4 ,brooman1 fully describ$2 ,prop]ties ( ,gutta ,p]*a2 ,artificial ,fuels2 ,ela/ic ,applications2 ,applications 9 ,/ate ( ,solution2 ,pat5t = ,improvem5ts 9 ,boots1 ,%oes & ,gait]s1 #aha2 ,description ( ,pat5t1 #ahb-ahf2 ,pat5t by ,*>les ,hancock1 ,improvem5ts 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,gutta ,p]*a & its ,application1 #ahf3 ,description ( ,process ( ,mak+ & ,apply+ ,v>ni%es to ,india ,rubb] ,%oes1 c41 #ahg2 ,me?od ( ,mak+ ,gutta ,p]*a light1 por\s & spongy1 #aij2 ,v>ni%es1 #aib2 ,p>ke's ,improvem5ts 9 ,dye+1 #aie2 ,hancock's ,pat5t = ,improvem5ts 9 ,prep>ation ( ,gutta ,p]*a1 & ,application to ,manufactur+ ,purposes1 #aif-bjj2 ,re-,vulcanization1 #bjj2 ,lorimi]'s ,pat5t = ,comb9+ ,gutta ,p]*a & ,ca\t*\c ) o!r mat]ials1 #bjc2 ,comp\nds = ,boots1 ,%oes1 c42 ,hancock's ,specification = ,mak+ ,wat] ,pro( ,%oes1 c41 #bje2 ,claim = ,mak+ ,%oes ( ,gutta ,p]*a ) o!r mat]ials1 #bjh2 ,c>tley's ,pat5t = ,v>ni%es1 #baj2 ,burke = ,manufacture ( ,air-,pro( & ,wat]-,pro( ,fabrics1 #baa2 ,hancock's ,pat5t = ,gutta ,p]*a ,heel ,tips1 #bac2 ,v>ni%es1 #bad2 ,g]>d's ,pat5t = ,dissolv+ ,india ,rubb] & ,gutta ,p]*a1 #bag2 ,newton's ,pat5t ,applicable to ,boots1 ,%oes1 & o!r cov]+s = ! feet1 #bai2 ,n4 ,s4 ,dodge's ,improvem5ts 9 ,treat+ ,vulcaniz$ ,india ,rubb] & ,gutta ,p]*a4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,am]ican ,,pat5ts ,,& ,,claims--,,introductory1 #bcj ,synopsis ( ,am]ican ,pat5ts1 comm5c+ #ahac1 end+ #aheh1 #bcb-bhd2 ,*affee's ,pat5t1 ,application ( ,india ,rubb] to ,clo?1 #bcc2 ,goodye>'s ,pat5t1 ,dive/+ ,india ,rubb] ( its ,adhesive ,qualities1 #bcd2 ,hayw>d's ,pat5t1 ,sulphur ,prep>ation1 #bcg2 ,*ilcott ,snell's ,pat5t = ,improvem5t 9 ! ,manufacture ( ,boots & ,%oes1 #bee2 ,reynold's ,pat5t = ,composition 9 ,tann+1 #beg2 ,edw>d ,br[n1 = ,improvem5t 9 ,por\s ,ela/ic ,clo? = ,gait]s1 #beh2 ,hyatt ,mey]1 ,improvem5t 9 ,manufacture ( ,boot & ,%oe ,soles ( ,gutta ,p]*a & ,india ,rubb]1 #beh2 ,j4 ,a4 ,pease's ,improvem5t 9 ,ov]-,%oes1 #bfb2 ,ty] ,helm's ,improvem5t 9 ,manufacture ( ,boots & ,%oes1 #bfd2 ,p>mlee's ,atta*+ ,metallic ,heels to ,india ,rubb] ,soles1 #bfe2 ,ar?ur's ,ma*9e = ,cutt+ ,boot & ,%oe ,upp]s & ,soles f ,india ,rubb]1 #bff2 ,rice ,:orf ,improvem5t 9 ,la/+ & ,apply+ ,soles to ,%oes1 #bfi-bgb2 ,ty] ,helm1 ,mak+ ,india ,rubb] ,clo?1 #bga-bgb2 ,crockett1 ,mak+ ,%eets ( ,lea!r f ,curri]'s ,%av+s or ,buff+s1 #bgd2 ,n4 ,hayw>d1 ,prep>+ ,ela/ic ,india ,rubb] ,clo?1 #bge2 ,?omas ,c4 ,wales' ,wat] ,pro( ,gait] ,%oes & ,boots1 #bgi2 ,samuel ,:itm>%1 ,composition = ,artificial ,lea!r1 #bhb2 ,boyd5 ,fr$]ick's ,composition = ,v>ni%+ ,lea!r1 #bhc2 ,f4 ,bas*nagel1 = ,re/or+ ,wa/e ,vulcaniz$ ,rubb]1 #bhd2 ,descriptive ,index ( ,*emical ,pat5ts ,issu$ 9 #ahee-ff1 #bhd-bhe4 ,rem>ks4--,_m ( ! ,pat5ts1 describ$ 9 ?is *apt]1 are n "h ref]r$ to1 z !y are n p>ticul>ly applicable to ! ,%oe & ,lea!r int]e/ ,,book ,v4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,tann+1 #bhf ,description ( ! ,art2 ,natural & ,artificial ,tann+1 #bhi2 ,ext5t ( ! ,bus9ess 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #bij4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,tann+ ,,& ,,! ,,tann+ ,,woods ,,( ,,am]ica1 #bic ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,practical ,,h9ts ,,on ,,tann+1 #cja ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,hibb>d',s ,,process ,,( ,,tann+1 #cjh ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,tann+ ,,processes1 #cag ,! ,prell] ,process1 #cah2 ,tann+ ,bucksk91 #cba2 ,new ,me?od ( ,tann+1 #cbb2 ,dext]'s ,process1 #cbc2 ,fair ,lea!r1 #cbe4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,pat5ts ,,= ,,tann+1 #cbf ,hibb>d's ,pat5t1 #cbf2 ,t[le's ,pat5t1 #cbg2 ,enos ,hunt's1 #cbh4 ,,app5dix1 #cbi ,j5k9s' ,improv$ ,heat] & ,press2 ,valuable ,recipes = ,gutta ,p]*a & ,india ,rubb] ,cem5t = ,boots & ,%oes2 ,v>ni%es1 ,gums & ,glues1 #cca2 ,black ,v>ni% = ,boot & ,%oe ,edges & ,heels1 #ccc2 ,wat]-,pro( ,cem5t1 #ccd2 ,%ellac ,v>ni%1 #cce2 ,glues1 #ccf-cci2 ,wat]-,pro( ,clo?1 #cdj2 ,japann+ ,lea!r1 #cdc2 ,gums1 #cdd4 ,,directory4 ,,introduction4 ,illu/ration ,! read]s ( ! 8,guide0 w be int]e/$ 9 an exam9ation ( ! v>i\s /yles ( %oes1 or r 8cov]+s = ! feet10 t h prevail$1 dat+ "s fifte5 hundr$ ye>s prior to ! adv5t ( ,*ri/4 ,"s ( ! mo/ unique1 we h _h engrav$ f ,cantrell's designs1 :i* we "h furni%1 to give correct views4 ,! fir/ attempt1 ( :i* we h any acc\nt1 to give /yle to ! cov]+s ( ! feet1 produc$ ! ,s&al4 ,^! diff]$ 9 /yle1 ?\gh slightly v>i$ 9 =m4 ,^? us$ by ! poor] classes 7 con/ruct$ ( flat slices ( ! palm leaf1 :i*1 lapp$ ov] 9 ! c5tre1 =m$ ! sole1 & a d\ble b& ( twi/$ leaves secur$ & /r5g!n$ ! edge2 a ?ong ( ! /rong fibres ( ! same plant 0 affix$ to ea* side ( ! in/ep1 & 0 secur$ r\nd ! foot1 :ile ^? indulg$ 9 by ! m weal?y classes 7 made ( lea!r1 & 7 frequ5tly l9$ ) clo?1 ! po9t or end turn+ up l a pair ( mod]n skates4 ,! s&al rea*$ its greate/ p]fection among ! ,romans4 ,! emp]or ,aurelian gave ! royal p]mission to ! ladies ( 8 "t to we> s&als ( v>i\s colors1 ! m5 n be+ p]mitt$ to indulge 9 s great a luxury4 ,! ,roman s5ators wore busk9s ( a black color1 ) a cresc5t ( gold or silv] on ! top ( ! foot1 :ile ! soldi]s wore simple s&als fa/5$ by ?ongs4 ,9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ! ,?ird1 ( ,engl&1 ^? :o work$ at ! %oe trade1 7 d5om9at$ ! 8g5tle craft10 z !y produc$ %oes ( ! mo/ gorge\s description1 ! ri*e/ contra/s ( color 7 elaborat$ & ! greate/ v>iety ( patt]n devis$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a 9 ?is plate displays a beautiful design4 ,x is suppos$ to be worn by "o ( ! royal family4 ,! ,engli% %oe ( ! middle ages is 8beyond all ,greek1 beyond all ,roman fame40 ,! second specim5 9 ! engrav+ is simpl] 9 design1 b n less /rik+ 9 effect1 be+ color$ jet black1 & worn ) r$ hose4 ,ano!r curi\s fa%ion ( ^? times 0--see ,fig4 #c4 ,! left %oe 0 black & ! /ock+ blue1 ! o!r leg ( ! we>] be+ clo!d 9 a black /ock+ & a :ite %oe4 ,?is %oe 0 cut v l[ ov] ! in/ep1 ! heel be+ entirely cov]$1 & a b& fa/5$ by a small buckle or button pass+ r\nd ! ankle secur$ x to ! foot4 ,com+ d[n to ! reign ( ,ri*>d ,,ii41 boots & %oes 7 made ( great l5g?1 s t !y 7 *a9$ to ! knee ( ! we>]1 t he might walk ) "s degree ( fre$om4 ,( c\rse1 only ! nobility c\ld af=d s exp5sive a me?od ( locomotion4 ,extremes 7 introduc$ f "t to "t1 z 9 our own day4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 x 0 enact$ t any %oemak] work+ = ! 8unprivileg$ classes10 %\ld n make any %oes1 ! toes :i* %\ld exce$ two in*es 9 l5g?1 "u a p5alty ( tw5ty %ill+s4 ,?is edict _h ! effect to wid5 ! toes to a mo/ absurd ext5t2 ?is fa%ion 0 foll[$ by a proclamation f ,que5 ,m>y1 t ! wid? ( ! toes %\ld n exce$ six in*es4 ,! mania = we>+ exp5sive %oes1 9 #aehh1 0 only exce$$ 9 folly by ! ,tulip excitem5t at a lat] date 9 ,holl&4 ,l>ge sums 7 exp5d$ 9 %oe decorations4 ,! poet ,taylor allud+ to ?is extravagance ?us writes ( ^? :o1 8,we> a f>m 9 %oe /r+s edg$ ) gold1 ,& spangl$ g>t]s wor? a copy hold40 ,9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,i41 boots1 :i* 7 made ( elegant ,spani% lea!r1 ( a buff color1 7 cut s l>ge & wide at ! top1 t ! we>] 0 oblig$ to /ride s ridicul\sly1 t x af=d$ mu* sport = ! satiri/s ( t age4 ,9 ! "t ( ,cromwell1 l>ge boot tops 7 worn by ! ,puritans1 b 7 n adorn$ ) lace4 ,^u ! re/oration ( ,*>les ,,ii4 came ! enorm\s ,fr5* boot1 9 :i* ! c\rti]s ( 8,l\is le gr&0 delight$ to %[ _! legs4 ,illu/ration ,! accompany+ cut w furni% an idea ( ! amplitude ( ! tops4 ,! boot is adorn$ ) lace ar\nd ! upp] "p1 & t portion ( ! boot into :i* ! leg is ins]t$ 0 fitt$ ) pliant lea!r2 ov] ! in/ep is a broad b& ( lea!r1 b5ea? :i* ! spur 0 fa/5$4 ,! %oes 9 ! foll[+ cut 7 su* z 7 worn by ! ladies dur+ ! reign ( ,william ,,iii4 ,illu/ration ,! clog b5ea? ! %oe on ! left side1 0 simply a piece ( /\t lea!r1 evid5tly int5d$ to protect ! feet f excessive moi/ure4 ,! di/+ui%+ m>k ( g5tility 9 ! reign ( ,george ,i4 & ,,ii41 0 r$ heels4 ,! ladies pref]r$ silk or velvet to lea!r1 & ! favorite %oe worn by ! ladies ( ! c\rt 7 made ( figur$ blue silk ) bright r$ heels & silv] buckles4 ,illu/ration ,! above cut 0 ! /yle worn 9 #aghj4 ,t5 ye>s lat] a *ange occurr$ by :i* ladies' %oes 7 made flat & l[1 l ! slipp] ( ! pres5t day4 ,a picture by ,=es 0 publi%$ 9 #agia1 ( a %oe worn by ! du*ess ( ,york4 ,! %oe 0 made ( gre5 silk1 ornam5t$ ) gold />s1 & b\nd ) sc>let silk2 ! heel 0 sc>let & %ap$ exactly 9 ! mod]n /yle4 ,%oe buckles disappe>$ ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t c5tury1 & 7 succe$$ by ! pla9 %oe /r+4 ,9 ,engl& ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales endeavor$ to pres]ve ! cu/om1 by p]si/+ 9 _! use1 9 ord] to su/a9 ! buckle-mak]s1 b imp]i\s fa%ion 0 too p[]ful = ev5 ! influ5ce ( ! great4 ,! accompany+ cut repres5ts a v>iety ( %oes worn by females4 ,no4 #a is ! s&al ( a ,russian lady ( #agfh4 ,! second t ( a female ( ,f9l&1 a l[1 slipp]-l %oe1 secur$ by a b& across ! in/ep1 hav+ an ornam5tal clasp1 l a broo*1 to secure x on ea* side ( ! foot2 x 0 probably a co>sely made piece ( jewelry1 ) glass or *eap /ones set ar\nd x1 z ! p ( ?is c\ntry at t "t 7 fond ( su* %[y decorations1 p>ticul>ly ^u _! %oes4 ,no4 #c is a production ( ! same c\ntry1 & is simil> to ^? worn by ! matrons ( ! upp] classes4 ,no4 #d is ! %oe ( a ,t>t>ian lady ( #aegg4 ,nos4 #e & #f are examples ( ! %oes ( ori5tal ladies1 :i* are sometimes highly ornam5t$2 ! cov]+ "p be+ wr\ght ) gold1 silv]1 & silk1 & p]haps set ) jewels1 real or imitat$4 ,! %oes ( noblem5 are ( simil> con/ruction4 ,!y 7 no d\bt easy to we>4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,n s are ! ladies %oes1 = !y only 7 all[$ ! privilege ( discom=t1 fa%ion hav+ 9 ?is c\ntry decl>$ 9 favor ( small feet1 & ! prejudice ( ! p hav+ gone ) x1 ! feet ( all ladies ( dec5t rank 9 society1 are cramp$ 9 e>ly life1 by be+ plac$ 9 s /rait a conf9em5t1 t _! gr[? is ret>d$1 & !y are n m ?an ?ree or f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 f ! toe to ! heel4 ,by ! smallness ( ! foot ! rank or high-bre$+ ( ! lady is decid$ on1 & ! utmo/ torm5t is endur$ by ! girls 9 e>ly life1 to insure !mselves ?is di/9ction 9 rank2 ! l[] classes ( females n be+ all[$ to torture !mselves 9 ! same mann]4 ,! ,*9ese poets frequ5tly indulge 9 panegyrics on ! beauty ( ^! crippl$ memb]s ( ! body1 & none ( _! h]o9es are consid]$ p]fect )\t excessively small feet1 :5 !y are affectionately t]m$ by !m 8! little gold5 lilies40 ,x is ne$less to say t ! tortures ( e>ly y\? are succe$$ by a crippl$ maturity1 a ,*9ese lady ( high bir? be+ sc>cely able to walk )\t assi/ance4 ,^! %oes are g5]ally made ( silk & embroid]$ 9 ! mo/ beautiful mann]1 ) fl[]s & ornam5ts 9 color$ silk & ?reads ( gold & silv]4 ,a piece ( /\t silk is g5]ally atta*$ to ! heel = ! conv5i5ce ( pull+ up ! %oe4 ,! ,turki% ladies ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & v probably mu* e>li]1 wore a v high %oe kn[n 9 ,europe by ! "n ( a 8*op9e40 ,?is fa%ion spread 9 ,europe 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & x is allud$ to by ,hamlet1 9 act ii41 sc5e #b1 :5 he exclaims1 8,y\r lady%ip is ne>] heav5 ?an :5 ,i saw y la/1 by ! altitude ( a *op9e10 by :i* x appe>s t some?+ ( ! k9d 0 kn[n 9 ,engl&1 :]e x may h be5 introduc$ f ,v5ice1 z ! ladies !re wore !m ( ! mo/ extravagant size4 ,coryat1 9 8 8,crudities10 #afaa1 says3 8,!re is "o ?+ us$ by ! ,v5etian wom51 & "s o!rs dwell+ 9 ! cities & t[ns subject to signiory ( ,v5ice1 t is n to be obs]v$ 7,i ?9k7 among any o!r wom5 9 ,*ri/5dom40 ,! read] mu/ rememb] t x 0 new to ,coryat1 b a common fa%ion 9 ! ,ea/4 ,! engrav+ is int5d$ to repres5t a s+ul> fa%ion once adopt$ by ! ,v5etians4 ,x is call$ a *ap9ey4 ,!y 7 ( v>i\s heights1 "s half a y>d1 ! talle/ be+ worn by ! %orte/ wom51 al?\gh ! height & ornam5t usually designat$ ! nobility4 ,!y 7 curi\sly pa9t$ & gild$4 ,x requir$ ! utmo/ skill to balance ^u ! *ap9es3 ! ladies always 9 public1 7 support$ by two s]vants or old wom51 ^u ^: heads ! ladies plac$ _! h&s1 & 9 ?is ridicul\s mann] proce$$ to _! gondolas4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! sabot1 a %oe peculi> to ,france1 is "h repres5t$4 ,!y are q clumsy1 b w>m & com=table4 ,^? usually worn are entirely pla91 & ! color ( ! wood4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! mod]n /yles ( boots & %oes d n require any p>ticul> description4 ,! ,gait] ,boot inaugurat$ a new era 9 ! hi/ory ( 8cov]+s = ! feet10 & its introduction is attribut$ to ! ,c\ntess ( ,bless+ton4 ,?is boot 0 f\nd to be tr\blesome1 ow+ to ! necessity ( lac+ & unlac+1 ! tags break+ (f1 holes we>+ out1 & su* l annoyances4 ,all ^! difficulties 7 obviat$ 9 a great measure by ! introduction ( ! ,ela/ic ,gait]4 ,am]ican skill & +5uity has completely rivall$ ! mo/ elegant specim5s ( ,p>isian h&icraft1 & ! importation ( ,fr5* gait]s1 :i* 0 once q ext5sive1 has almo/ or q ceas$4 ,mo/ ( ! s-call$ ,fr5* manufacture is ! product ( ,am]ican artizans4 ,?is 8amiable deception0 is practic$ 9 ord] to gratify ! :ims ( ^? :o lack confid5ce 9 ! skill & ta/e ( ,am]ican manufactur]s4 ,an anecdote illu/rative ( ?is prejudice is g5]al 9 its application4 ,! incid5t relat$1 occurr$ 9 a ,broadway e/abli%m5t1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration ,a lady1 aft] exam9+ ! slipp]s ( ! tradesman1 said1 8,mr4 ----1 :y d y n import y\r slipp]s f ,p>is80 8,madam10 0 ! reply1 8,i h already s5t out an ord]1 & ,i expect e day ! arrival ( an ext5sive assortm5t2 if y w call 9 9 ab\t a week1 ,i ?9k ,i c furni% y ) j ! article y desire40 ,! lady left1 promis+ to return1 & ,mr4 ---- visit$ 8 pr9t] & _h a numb] ( 8tickets10 be>+ ! "n ( an imag9>y ,fr5* %oemak]1 /ruck (f1 & by h] next visit he 0 prep>$ ) a 8v ext5sive assortm5t40 ,%e 0 fitt$ ) a pair1 & aft] extoll+ ! /yle1 elegance1 & com=t ( h] slipp]s1 insult$ ! tradesman by enquir+ 8:y he did n make su* %oes40 ,! ,am]icans are rapidly secur+ to !mselves a sup]iority ov] all o!r nations 9 ?is important manufactur+ int]e/1 & 9 a few ye>s boots & %oes ( ,am]ican manufacture w be reg>d$ z ! ne plus ultra ( ! art4 ,,book ,i4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,boot ,,& ,,%oe ,,trade4 ,! great importance ( ! ,boot & ,%oe ,trade 9 ! ,new ,engl& & ,middle ,/ates1 & ! va/ am\nt ( capital devot$ to its developm5t1 ! en]gy1 bra9s1 & p]sev]ance ( its lead+ m51 place ?is bran* ( ! me*anic arts high on ! li/ ( ! great indu/rial int]e/s ( ! age4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a matt] ( surprise1 t "s "w has n appe>$ :i* %\ld conta9 important sci5tific1 /ati/ical1 & practical in=mation conc]n+ ! rise & progress ( ! ,%oe & ,lea!r int]e/s4 ,works ^u ,tann+ h be5 publi%$1 cov]+ _m ( ! collat]al bran*es ( t sci5ce1 & fugitive articles occasionally appe>1 giv+ acc\nts ( new discov]ies1 or new applications ( old me?ods1 conc]n+ ! prep>ation ( lea!r1 c42 b 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes1 no "w has ev] appe>$ :i* w\ld enable ! %oemak] to make any advancem5t 9 8 call+1 o!r ?an t :i* 8 own obs]vation or g5ius might sugge/4 ,! ,bo/on ,bo>d ( ,trade publi% annual ,reports 9 :i* appe> able articles ^u ! ,%oe & ,lea!r int]e/s1 b ^!1 ( c\rse1 are ma9ly /ati/ical & f9ancial 9 _! "*4 ,!re is publi%$1 also1 9 ,bo/on1 ,new ,york1 & ,philadelphia1 simultane\sly1 ! ,%oe & ,lea!r ,report]1 by ,j4 ,d4 ,field ,co41 a valuable j\rnal1 devot$ exclusively to ! trade 9 boots & %oes1 lea!r1 hides & its collat]al bran*es1 also m>ket reports & correspond5ce f v>i\s portions ( ! _w4 ,?is pap] is ! only organ1 we believe1 devot$ exclusively to ! %oe & lea!r int]e/s4 ,sy/ems ( measurem5t1 ! cutt+ ( patt]ns1 prep>ation ( /ock1 all ( :i* c be ga9$ by /udy & application1 h be51 z x 71 seal$ f ! direct inve/igation ( ! inquir+ m9d4 ,9 o!r bran*es ( ! me*anic arts1 volumes h be5 publi%$1 & ! ambiti\s /ud5t pursues 8 inve/igations f prim>y pr9ciples to ultimate results 9 regul> gradations4 ,9 ! sci5ce ( %oe manufacture1 we mu/ ref] = in=mation pr9cipally to ,engli% works2 & ev5 ^! are collat]al1 r ?an direct1 9 _! application4 ,dodd's ,briti% ,manufactories1 ,br&e's ,encyclop$ia1 ,diction>y ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 ,p5ny ,cyclop$ia1 ,results ( ! ,late ,exhibition1 7,london17--all ^! are ! repositories ( mu* t has be5 writt5 ^u ! lea!r int]e/s2 s\rces ( in=mation :i* none b ! man ( leisure1 or ! ent]pris+ compil]1 w\ld be likely to trace out4 ,x may be said t ! simplicity ( ?is bran* ( ! me*anic arts does n require t degree ( /udy & inve/igation :i* ! m ab/ruse & complicat$ sci5ces dem&1 & h5ce !re is no necessity = works ^u ! subject4 ,?is objection is only true 9 "p4 ,x requires ! nice/ adaptation ( skill to make a p]fectly fitt+ %oe or boot1 & no man1 unless he :o is fully conv]sant ) ! rules & pr9ciples :i* ent] into ! prep>ation ( ! /ock1 ! correct measurem5t ( ! foot1 ! 8cutt+ out0 ( ! sev]al p>ts ( ! /ock1 ! la/+ & fitt+ ( ! %oe or boot1 c be successful 9 8 pr(ession4 ,! mak+ ( an easy1 elegantly fitt+ boot1 requires a k ( ! anatomy ( ! foot1 a famili> acqua9tance ) ! angles1 l9es & curves1 :i* are involv$ 9 ! p]fect adju/m5t ( "p to "p1 & _! relative positions4 ,mo/ %oe manufactur]s1 & ord9>y village %oemak]s1 le>n _! trades f _! fa!rs1 & ! k has be5 h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 )\t *ange or improvem5t1 & %oes are made to fit la/s1 r ?an ! feet :i* are to we> !m4 ,h5ce intellig5t in/9ct has tak5 ! place ( intellig5t k1 & progressive inve/igation4 ,! workman kn[s no?+ ( ! anatomy ( ! foot1 ! sci5ce ( patt]n cutt+1 & !re=e works on z ?\gh all feet 7 ca/ 9 "o m\ld1 ) ! simple diff]5ce :i* ! 8sizes0 indicate4 ,^! 8sizes10 z is cle>ly %[n 9 ano!r portion ( ?is "w1 are regul>ly incorrect4 ,h5ce1 9 ! abs5ce ( a correct /&>d1 ! sy/em ( boot & %oe mak+ is simply ! foll[+ ( e/abli%$ me*anical rules1 ^u a false f\ndation4 ,we ref] 9 ^! rem>ks to ! manufacture ( :at is kn[n z 8sale "w40 ,!re are _m1 v _m1 8cu/om work]s10 :o proce$ by correct rules1 & ^u sci5tific pr9ciples2 m5 :o und]/& h[ to adapt ! %oe or boot to ! foot1 s t :5 ! cu/om] fir/ draws ! boot or %oe on1 x fits naturally & easily1 adapt+ itself to any1 & e de=mity or slight irregul>ity :i* ! foot may pres5t4 ,we make g5]al /atem5ts1 :i* e intellig5t %oemak]1 or l>ge manufactur]1 w at once ackn[l$ge4 ,! :ole tr\ble arises f ! want ( "s correct /&>d by :i* to be guid$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! /ock = ! workman4 ,all ?is _c be ga9$ b by /udy1 pati5t inve/igation1 & ! practical application ( sci5tific rules4 ,! ,fr5* are g5]ally ackn[l$g$ to und]/& ! art ( boot & %oe mak+ bett] ?an ^? ( any o!r nation1 & !y h c>ri$ ! sci5ce to a degree ( p]fection n yet atta9$ by ourselves1 except 9 a few comp>atively isolat$ cases4 ,! :ole secret ( _! success is _! pati5t p]sev]ance1 & arti/ic skill 9 und]/&+ ! rules :i* are vitally ess5tial to success4 ,9 ano!r *apt] we h devot$ consid]able space to ! elucidation ( ! pr9ciples ( measurem5t1 patt]n cutt+1 & su* in/ructions z w enable ! manufactur]--& 9 ?is t]m we comprise all :o are engag$ 9 ?is important bran* ( our indu/rial int]e/s--to become a sci5tific pr(ici5t 9 8 vocation4 ,?is "w1 h[ev]1 z its title indicates1 is devot$ m specifically to ! application ( ,gutta-,p]*a1 & ! v>i\s ,rubb] comp\nds1 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes4 ,yet we reg>d ! pr9ciples ( _! manufacture1 z equally important1 & z vitally ess5tial1 to ! p]fect fitt+ ( ! boot or %oe1 :e!r sew$1 pegg$1 or cem5t$4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,rise ,,& ,,progress ,,( ,,! ,,boot ,,& ,,%oe ,,trade4 ,! ,boot & ,%oe ,trade ( ,new ,engl& is ( comp>atively mod]n date4 ,! fir/ vessel1 ! sloop ,delight1 ev] freight$ at ,bo/on ) a full c>go ( boots & %oes1 sail$ = ! port ( ,new ,york1 9 ! mon? ( ,may1 #ahah1 consign$ to ,sp(=d ,tile/on1 !n ! l>ge/ boot & %oe jobb]s 9 ,new ,york4 ,?is firm !n comm5c$ supply+ ! %ipp+ dem& f t port1 in/ead ( ,bo/on4 ,! manufacture1 !n1 0 conf9$ to ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 b x soon comm5c$ to take a wid] scope4 ,! trade increas$ rapidly1 b elev5 ye>s lat]1 #ahbi1 !re 7 only f\r jobb+ h\ses 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 ,bo/on1 ! c5tre ( ! trade1 ! :ole jobb+ trade = #ahbh did n exce$ b little ov] "o million ( doll>s4 ,! trade has increas$ to an almo/ wond]ful ext5t4 ,x n[ =ms "o-?ird ( ! :ole manufactur+ p[] ( ! c\ntry2 ,new ,engl& & ,p5nsylvania reta9+ two-?irds4 ,9 ! city ( ,bo/on !re are ab\t two hundr$ & eighte5 :olesale & jobb+ boot & %oe h\ses1 do+ bus9ess to ! am\nt ( fifty-two millions ( doll>s annually4 ,9 ,new ,york !re are ab\t fifty-five jobb+ h\ses1 ^: aggregate sales rea* f fifte5 to sixte5 millions ye>ly4 ,! dome/ic & =eign boot & %oe trade ( ! ,/ate ( ,massa*usetts alone1 am\nts to betwe5 fifty-five & sixty millions annually4 ,! %ipm5ts f ,bo/on to ,san ,francisco = #ahef1 7 #b1ajj1jjj4 ,! manufacture ( boots & %oes is ! l>ge/ dome/ic trade 9 ! ,/ates1 & !re is no c\ntry or nation t c successfully compete ) u1 ei!r z reg>ds prices or quality4 ,common /yles ( goods1 su* z m5's pegg$ boots & brogans1 wom5's pegg$ & common sew$ %oes & gait]s1 are manufactur$ 9 ! foll[+ villages ( ,new ,engl&1 viz3 ,lynn1 ,hav]hill1 ,worce/]1 ,mil=d1 ,natick1 ,r&olph1 ,ab+ton1 ! ,read+s1 ,danv]s1 ,georget[n1 ,/\ghton1 ,woburn1 & sev]al o!r t[ns 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,! am\nt ( capital employ$ 9 ! city ( ,worce/]1 9 ! boot & %oe bus9ess1 is "o hundr$ & sev5ty-six ?\s& doll>s2 ! annual value ( boots & %oes manufactur$1 ab\t "o million ( doll>s4 ,! total value ( boots manufactur$ 9 ,mil=d1 ,mass41 9 #aheg1 0 upw>ds ( two millions ( doll>s4 ,! am\nt w\ld h greatly exce$$ t e/imate _h n ! f9ancial tr\bles ( ! c\ntry pro/rat$ ?is1 9 common ) e o!r manufactur+ int]e/4 ,accord+ to pres5t indications1 ! manufactories ( ,mil=d1 ?is ye>1 #aheh1 w ne>ly1 or q1 rea* ! value ( f\r millions ( doll>s4 ,! city ( ,lynn1 ,mass41 has employ$ 9 ?is bus9ess1 ab\t five ?\s& workm51 & its sales = ! ye> #aheg1 exce$$ f\r millions ( doll>s4 ,ea* ,new ,engl& village1 t[n or city1 :]e ?is indu/ry is c>ri$ on1 is devot$ to "o k9d ( boot or %oe1 & :ole communities are built up by ?is special indu/ry4 ,"s idea ( ! importance & ext5t ( ! boot1 %oe & lea!r int]e/ may be inf]r$ f ! fact1 t !re are =ty-"o ?\s& m5 9 ,massa*usetts :o "w ^u lea!r1 ei!r 9 manufactur+ ! article or m\ld+ x into v>i\s =ms4 ,e eigh? man 9 ! ,/ate is a %oemak]4 ,! ,%oe & ,lea!r ,trade ( ,bo/on takes its date1 z a prom95t bran* ( comm]ce1 ab\t ! ye> #ahcj1 caus$ pr9cipally by ! *ange made 9 conduct+ ! bus9ess4 ,x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om = ,manufactur]s & ,deal]s 9 ,boots & ,%oes to seek a m>ket = _! goods1 by consignm5t on _! own acc\nt1 to ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,baltimore1 ,*>le/on1 ,savannah1 ,new ,orleans1 ,havana1 & o!r ,we/ ,india ,isl&s4 ,x 0 f\nd to be remun]ative = a :ile1 b on ! increase & competition ( trade1 x became a los+ bus9ess4 ,! lead+ h\ses fail$4 ,s9ce #ahbh & #ahbi1 an entire *ange 9 ! me?od ( conduct+ ! %oe bus9ess has tak5 place4 ,manufactur]s & ,deal]s n[ sell _! goods on _! own acc\nt in/ead ( consign+ !m to o!r ,/ates4 ,! consequ5ce is t ,bo/on is made n only ! head-qu>t]s = ne>ly all ! manufactories ( ,new ,engl&2 & al?\gh ! city ( ,lynn & ! t[ns ( ,hav]hill1 ,danv]s1 c41 sell a l>ge portion ( _! goods at home1 a l>ge numb] ( ! manufactories h (fices 9 ,bo/on = ! sale ( _! goods4 ,if ! dome/ic trade ( ,bo/on _h be5 conduct$ on ! home pr9ciple1 ! expansion ( ! city w\ld h greatly exce$$ its pres5t limits4 ,! great indu/rial & trad+ int]e/ is a correct type ( ,new ,engl& ?rift & indu/ry4 ,no bran* ( our me*anical pursuits is conduct$ ) s mu* safety1 en]gy & intellig5t p]sev]ance1 z is ! great ,boot & ,%oe int]e/4 ,:5 convulsions come :i* r5d 9 pieces o!r comm]cial or int]nal trad+ int]e/s1 ! boot1 %oe & lea!r trade1 is ! la/ to succumb1 & ! fir/ to re9/ate itself4 ,! great f9ancial crisis ( #aheg1 ?or\ghly tri$ ! /r5g? ( ?is bran* ( trade1 & nobly did x su/a9 itself1 ev5 ext5d+ ! help+ h& to su* z requir$ assi/ance4 ,especially applicable is ! latt] rem>k to ! m]*ants ( ,bo/on4 ,all ?is demon/rates ! s\ndness ( _! basis--! back-bone :i* enables ! ,%oe & ,lea!r int]e/ to hold itself up "u a pressure :i* easily cru%es all dep>tm5ts ( trade & comm]ce built up on a pap] f\ndation4 ,! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ! boot & %oe trade1 its democratic elem5ts1 its fre$om f all monopoly1 gives x a /r5g? & p[] :i* corporations c nev] wield4 ,e man is 8 own director1 & z all int]e/$ are subject to1 & dep5d5t ^u1 _! individual %rewdness & ent]prise1 x is v seldom t success fails to cr[n _! ef=ts4 ,! day is n f> di/ant :5 all our indu/rial int]e/s w be conduct$ ^u a l basis1 & corporations cease to exi/4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a--,,its ,,prop]ties1 ,,manufacture1 c4 ,! almo/ numb]less uses to :i* ?is rem>kable gum has be51 & is appli$1 has awak5$ an int]e/ 9 ! public m9d conc]n+ its discov]y1 & its uses1 & especially ! diff]5t applications1 & _! me?ods4 ,! discov]y ( ,gutta-,p]*a is comp>atively rec5t4 ,! fir/ t 0 kn[n ( ?is wond]ful production by ,europeans1 0 9 ! ye> #ahde4 ,dr4 ,montgom]ie1 an ,engli% g5tleman1 resid+ at ,s+apore1 obs]v$ 9 ! h&s ( a ,malay wood*opp]1 a /range mat]ial us$ = a h&le to 8 axe4 ,curi\s to le>n its nature1 he que/ion$ ! native1 & asc]ta9$ t he procur$ x f a tree 9 ! =m ( sap2 t ^u exposure to ! air x became solid2 also1 t 9 imm]s+ x 9 hot wat] x became s(t & pla/ic1 & c\ld be m\ld$ into any desir$ =m4 ,dr4 ,montgom]ie at once obta9$ samples ( ! mat]ial1 :i* he =w>d$ to ! ,london ,society ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 ) a description reg>d+ x4 ,aft] subject+ x to v>i\s te/s1 ! ,society 7 unanim\s 9 _! op9ion conc]n+ its great value4 ,!y aw>d$ to ,dr4 ,m4 a gold m$al = ! valuable k ?us communicat$ to ! manufactories ( ! _w4 ,x is obs]vable1 h[ev]1 t ?is sub/ance may be said to h _h two ,european discov]]s1 indep5d5t ( ea* o!r2 = ! tree1 & ! gum :i* exudes f x1 7 discov]$ or obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,?omas ,lobb4 ,?is g5tleman visit$ ! isl&s ( ! ,indian seas 9 #ahdb-c1 on a botanical mission1 z ag5t to ,messrs4 ,veit*1 ! sci5tific & en]getic flori/s ( ,exet]2 & x 0 dur+ 8 rambles t he became acqua9t$ ) ! gutta-p]*a tree4 ,9 proportion z ! value ( ?is sub/ance has become kn[n1 s has a desire ext5d$ to asc]ta9 ! range ( its gr[? 9 ! ,ea/4 ,x is n[ kn[n t ! gutta-p]*a tree ab\nds 9 t extreme s\?-ea/]n po9t ( ,asia1 :i* obta9s ! "n ( ! ,malay ,p59sula2 9 ! neighbor+ isl& ( ,s+apore2 9 ! important ,bornean isl&1 :i* ,rajah ,brooke has be5 ! means ( mak+ s famili>ly kn[n to u2 & 9 v>i\s isl&s :i* con/itute ! ,ea/]n ,ar*ipelago4 ,!re seems v little cause to appreh5d any failure 9 quantity2 = ev5 if ! pres5t supply f ! neighborhood ( ,s+apore %\ld be exhau/$1 ! capabilities ( m di/ant isl&s are q beyond pres5t calculation4 ,x appe>s t p]*a 7( :i* ! pronunciation is p]t%a1 n p]ka or p]%a7 is ! ,malayan "n = ! tree :i* produces ! gum2 :ile gutta is a g5]al "n = any gum :i* exudes f a tree4 ,! tree belongs1 ( c\rse1 to ! gr\p 9 :i* botani/s place sapotace\s or gum-exud+ g5]a4 ,! wood ( ! tree1 be+ s(t & spongy1 is appli$ to _m useful purposes4 ,! fruit yields a ?ick oil1 :i* is us$ by ! natives ) _! food2 & ei!r f ?is or "s o!r p>ts ( ! tree an ard5t _s is capable ( be+ di/ill$4 ,b x is ! sap :i* =ms ! mo/ valuable product ( ! tree4 ,x circulates 9 small vessels :i* run up betwe5 ! b>k & ! wood4 ,?rifty me?ods are tea*able to rude isl&]s1 z to m civilis$ m51 :5 ! advantages h be5 once made app>5t4 ,! natives ar\nd ,s+apore1 :5 !y fir/ f\nd a m>ket = ! solidifi$ gum1 proce$$ ru?lessly to "w2 !y kill$ ! bird :i* laid ! gold5 eggs1 by cutt+ d[n ! trees 9 ord] to obta9 ! gum4 ,b !y h n[ be5 taught bett]2 x is %[n to !m h[1 by tapp+ or cutt+ not*es 9 ! bran*es at c]ta9 int]vals ( "t1 ! sap may be made to fl[1 )\t endang]+ ! life ( ! tree4 ,exp]im5ts are n[ be+ made to det]m9e :e!r ! gutta-p]*a tree c be plant$ s z to ma9ta9 a cont9u\s & inexhau/ible /ore ( gum or sap2 %\ld ^! attempts succe$1 ! supply w\ld equal any imag9able dem&4 ,! gutta-p]*a is sold at ,s+apore by weight1 accord+ to ! app>5t quality ( ea* lump2 b1 :5 ! consignm5t rea*es ,engl&1 x is n unfrequ5tly f\nd t a l>ge /one or a piece ( heavy wood is imb$d$ 9 ! he>t ( x1 to increase ! weight4 ,x w\ld entail a s]i\s loss ( "t to cut op5 ea* lump at ! "t ( pur*ase2 s t at pres5t ,ori5tal hone/y is r an important elem5t 9 ! comm]cial value ( ?is article4 ,!re is1 too1 a great am\nt ( diff]5ce 9 ! quantity ( b>k1 leaves1 & dirt1 :i* become accid5tally mix$ up ) ! gum4 ,! crude gum is import$ to ! ext5t ( ab\t two millions ( p\nds annually4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,9 ,,! ,,factory4 ,! ext5sive & highly int]e/+ e/abli%m5t ( ! ,gutta-,p]*a ,company1 situat$ ne> ! ,city ,road ,bas9 ( ! ,reg5t's ,canal1 is wor?y ( att5tion ev5 beyond ! g5]al av]age ( su* c5tres ( indu/ry1 = ! peculi> "* ( ! sub/ance op]at$ ^u necessitates ! employm5t ( new processes1 new ma*9es1 & new tools4 ,an incessant c\rse ( inv5tion has m>k$ ! manufactur+ hi/ory ( ?is mat]ial dur+ ! brief p]iod ( its exi/5ce4 ,if ! gutta-p]*a is to be appli$ to "s new useful purpose1 tools & processes ( novel "* h to be employ$2 if an ornam5tal application is det]m9$ on1 me?ods are adopt$ = develop+ any natural beauty :i* ! gra9 ( ! sub/ance may pres5t2 if an attempt be made to sup]s$e lea!r1 or wood1 or papi]-ma*e1 or metal1 by ?is s+ul> gum1 great pa9s are be/[$ on a /udy ( ! special qualities to be imitat$1 & ! process ( imitation (t5 requires op]ations & tools diff]+ consid]ably f ^? be=e employ$4 ,! fir/ process consi/s 9 cutt+ ! block into slices4 ,!re is a v]tical :eel1 on ! face ( :i* are fix$ ?ree knives or blades2 & :ile ?is :eel is rotat+ ) a spe$ ( two hundr$ turns a m9ute1 a block ( gutta-p]*a is suppli$ to x1 & spe$ily cut into ?9 slices--mu* on ! same pr9ciple z a turnip-cutt] p]=ms its "w4 ,woe to ! /eel edges if a /one be imb$d$ 9 ! block4 ,^! slices %[ t ! gutta-p]*a is by no means uni=m 9 diff]5t p>ts1 ei!r 9 color or texture4 ,to br+ ab\t a uni=mity is ! object ( ! %r$d+ or te>+ process4 ,! slices are ?r[n into a tank ( wat]1 :i* is heat$ by /eam to su* a temp]ature z to s(t5 ! mass2 dirt & heavy impurities fall to ! bottom1 leav+ a pa/y mass ( gum2 & ! mass be+ ?r[n into ano!r rotat+ ma*9e1 is !re s torn & r5t1 & dragg$ asund] by jagg$ tee?1 z to be r$uc$ to fragm5ts4 ,! fragm5ts fall into wat]1 ^u ! surface ( :i* 7ow+ to ! small specific gravity ( ! mat]ial7 !y float1 :ile any rema9+ dirt or impurity falls to ! bottom4 ,^! fragm5ts are next conv]t$ into a d\gh-l sub/ance by ano!r s(t5+ ) hot wat]1 & ! d\gh und]goes a ?or\gh knead+2 x is plac$ 9 holl[ heat$ iron cyl9d]s1 9 :i* revolv+ drums s completely turn & squeeze & mix ! n[ purifi$ mass1 t all p>ts become alike1 & e p>ticle pres5ts a family lik5ess to its neighbor4 ,! knead$ /ate may be consid]$ ! divid+ l9e betwe5 ! prep>atory processes & ^? :i* relate to ! fa%ion+ ( ! mat]ial4 ,! s(t ductile mass may be =m$ ei!r into %eets or tubes4 ,9 =m+ %eets ! mass is pass$ betwe5 /eel roll]s1 plac$ at a di/ance ap>t correspond+ ) ! ?ickness ( ! %eet to be made--:e!r = ! heels ( a r\gh-boot$ p$e/rian1 or = ! delicate 8gutta-p]*a tissue10 n[ s mu* employ$ by surgeons4 ,by ! "t t ! sub/ance has pass$ ?r\gh ! roll]s x has cool$ suffici5tly to assume a solid1 firm consi/5cy4 ,by ! adju/m5t ( a few knife edges1 ! %eet may be cut into b&s1 or /rips ( any wid?1 be=e leav+ ! ma*9e4 ,9 mak+ tubes & pipes1 ! s(t mass ( knead$ gutta-p]*a is pass$ ?r\gh heat$ iron cyl9d]s1 :]e a s+ul> modification ( ! wire-draw+ process r$uces x to ! desir$ =m & dim5sions4 ,f ! %eets & tubes ?us made1 numb]less articles are produc$ by cutt+ & press+4 ,ma*9es1 some:at l ^? us$ 9 cutt+ pap]1 are employ$ to cut ! gutta-p]*a into pieces4 ,if = %oe-soles1 a cutt+ press produces a doz5 or s at "o movem5t2 if = /r+1 or ?read1 n>r[ p>allel slips are cut1 :i* are !n r\nd$ or f9i%$ by h&2 if = produc+ /amp$ decorative articles1 ! %eets are cut into pieces1 & ea* piece is w>m$ & s(t5$ to enable x to take ! impress ( a m\ld1 or die4 ,b ! mode ( cas+ copp] wire = electro-telegraphic purposes is1 p]haps1 "o ( ! mo/ s+ul> applications ( ! mat]ial 9 ! =m ( a %eet4 ,sev]al wires are laid p>allel1 a /rip ( gutta-p]*a is plac$ betwe5 !m1 ano!r /rip is plac$ above !m1 & ! :ole are pass$ betwe5 two poli%$ groov$ roll]s2 ! pressure b9ds ! two surfaces ( ! gutta-p]*a firmly toge!r & to ! wires1 :ile ! edges betwe5 ! grooves ind5t ! gutta-p]*a s deeply1 t x may easily be sep>at$ longitud9ally1 ea* slip conta9+ its own core ( copp]4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,boats4 ,:5 ,lady ,frankl9 fitt$ out an exp$ition 9 se>* ( h] gallant husb&1 a ye> or two ago1 ,capta9 ,=sy?1 ! comm&] ( ! vessel1 took out ) him a gutta-p]*a boat1 pres5t$ = t purpose by ,messrs4 ,se>le4 ,8 acc\nt ( ! behavior ( ?is boat1 "u ! r\gh usage to :i* x 0 subject$ 9 ! ice-b\nd regions ( ! nor?1 is mo/ laudatory4 ,he /ates t 8:il/ ! o!r boats con/ruct$ ( wood suff]$ mu* by ! cutt+ ( ! "y ice1 ! gutta-p]*a boat 0 n 9 ! lea/ damag$1 & return$ to ,engl& 9 almo/ z good condition z :5 %e left1 al?\gh %e und]w5t all ! r\gh "w ( ! voyage40 ,mr4 ,sn[1 :o _h especial *>ge ( ! gutta-p]*a boat belong+ to ! #8,pr9ce ,alb]t1' has detail$ 9 a cle> mann] ! rem>kable way 9 :i* ?is mat]ial resi/s ! rude buffet+s ( ^? regions4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! boat _h a skeleton ( wood & a cov]+ ( ,india rubb]4 ,mr4 ,sn[ says1 8,! sev]e/ trial x endur$1 & endur$ successfully1 0 on bo? my visits to ,:al] ,po9t1 ,port ,leopold4 ,to ^? unaccu/om$ to ! nature ( su* ice z 0 !re met )1 x w be impossible fully to conceive ! position a boat 0 plac$ 94 ,! m]e transit to & fro1 among loose masses ( ice1 ) ! sea 9 a /ate ( quiesc5ce1 w\ld h be5 q en\gh to h prov$ or n ! value ( gutta-p]*a boats2 b :51 z 9 ! pres5t case1 ^? masses 7 all 9 re/less agitation1 ) a sea roll+ 9 ^u an oppos+ curr5t1 x might h be5 well excus$--& )\t det]iorat+ f ! previ\sly atte/$ goodness ( ! article--if x _h n be5 able to h resi/$ ! sev]e %ocks x receiv$4444 ,slid+ ?r\gh & ov] ! ice2 sometimes lift$ completely out ( ! wat] by ! sudd5 contact ( a resi/less floe2 & at o!rs ?r[n side-ways ^u an adjo9+ craggy piece2 ,i ?9k x w\ld h be5 next to impossible = any o!r k9d ( boat to h be5 o!rwise ?an cru%$ or /ove on ! in/ant40 ,x 0 9 a "r _s t ! explor]s gave ! "n ( 8,gutta-,p]*a ,inlet0 to ! spot :]e ! boat _h r5d]$ !m su* important s]vice4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a--,,miscellane\s ,,applications4 ,a r>e catalogue we %\ld pres5t1 if all ! useful applications ( gutta-p]*a 7 duly set =?4 ,we %\ld h to speak ( brea/-coat+ = wat]:eels1 ( galvanic batt]ies1 ( %uttle-b$s = looms1 ( pack+ = /eam-eng9es & pumps1 ( cricket & b\nc+ balls1 ( felt-edg+ = pap] mak+1 ( curta9 r+s ^: m]it is noiselessness1 ( w9d[-bl9d cord & sa% l9es1 ( clo!s' l9es 7recomm5d$ to ! laundress z defy+ all attacks ( wea!r17 ( bosses = flax-sp9n+ frames1 ( :ips & /icks1 ( policem5's & #8special con/ables'' /aves1 ( flax-hold]s = heckl+ ma*9es1 ( skates1 ( f5c+ /icks1 ( wa%]s = ! axles ( :eels1 ( plugs or solid masses us$ 9 build+s1 ( buff]s = railway c>riages1 ( gunp[d] cani/]s 7:i* #8keep ! p[d] dry1'7 ( %eet-cov]+ = damp walls1 ( l9+s = ladies' bonnets1 ( j> cov]s1 ( sponge bags1 ( foot ba?s1 ( funnels1 ( goldsmi?'s b[ls1 ( bobb9s = sp9n+ ma*9es1 ( cov]s = roll]s1 ( book cov]s1 ( m\lds = electrotypes1 ( c(f9 l9+s1 ( s\nd+ bo>ds1 ( portmanteaus1 ( b$s = pap]-cutt+ ma*9es1 ( f9e & co>se ?read1 ( envelope boxes1 ( p[d] flasks1 ( portfolios1 ( a /opp+ = holl[ tee?--a tol]able li/1 ?is1 :i* %[s h[ multipli$ are ! applications = :i* ?is s+ul> vegetable product is available4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a--,,ornam5tal ,,"w4 ,:5 s(t5$ by heat1 ?is sub/ance w take ! impress ( a m\ld or /amp ) delicate precision2 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few m9utes x reassumes its t\gh /ate1 reta9+ p]man5tly ! patt]n giv5 to x4 ,! p[] ( application is ?us unlimit$1 or limit$ only by ! incl9ation ( ! pur*as]4 ,:e!r ! m\ld be ( copp] or ( brass1 ( pe> tree or ( box1 an impress c equally well be obta9$ f x4 ,9 practice1 all ^! f\r mat]ials are employ$1 & sometimes o!rs4 ,! m\ld be+ c>v$ & 9 a /ate ( read9ess1 ! piece ( gutta-p]*a 7always1 or ne>ly always1 9 ! =m ( %eet7 is laid ^u a m>ble slab1 :i* is heat$ by /eam f b5ea?2 & ! gum be+ ?us br\ght into a pliant & yield+ /ate1 x is plac$ on or 9 ! m\ld1 a c\nt] m\ld is laid ^u x1 & ! action ( a press =ces ! mat]ial into ! m9ute/ p>ts ( ! device4 ,if ! patt]n be deep & ! relief bold1 a hydraulic pressure ( a hundr$ or a hundr$ & fifty tons is br\ght to be> ^u x2 b if ( light] & simpl] "*1 a h&-press is br\ght into requisition4 ,9 ?is way1 aid$ by m9or manipulation1 are produc$ ! v>i$ & ev]-increas+ specim5s ( ornam5tal gutta-p]*a "w4 ,trays are produc$ ( e imag9able 7or at lea/ ( e usable7 =m & patt]n3 bread trays1 biscuit trays1 cotton or "w-table trays1 c\nt] or c>d-table trays1 p5 trays1 p9 trays1 c>d trays1 soap trays1 %av+ trays1 c4 ,!n !re are "w-baskets & h& baskets1 fl[] vases & b\quet hold]s1 plates & platt]s1 decant] /&s & wat* /&s1 bas-reliefs & alto-reliefs4 ,! desk fitt+s admit ( mu* beauty 9 ?is mat]ial2 ink/&s are produc$ 9 mo/ div]se =ms2 :ile p5 trays1 pap] weights1 waf] boxes1 envelope boxes1 c41 are beg9n+ to e/abli% a =midable rivalry to ! simil> articles made 9 papi]-ma*e4 ,beauty1 patt]n1 gra9+1 cl\d+1 or :atev] we may *oose to t]m x1 is produc$ 9 a v rem>kable way on ! surface ( gutta-p]*a4 ,"s specim5s ( gutta-p]*a are d>k] ?an o!rs1 & all h a t5d5cy to d>k5 by age2 & ! workman dext]\sly avails himself ( ^! v>y+ t9ts to produce a patt]n4 ,he s(t5s two or m pieces1 ( diff]5t t9ts1 passes !m betwe5 two roll]s to ?or\ghly unite & amalgamate !m1 & !n presses !m into ! m\ld2 leav+ x to ! freaks ( *ance to br+ out ! wavy l9es1 ! curls1 ! /reaks1 ! knots1 :i* ! int]mixture ( t9ts produces4 ,?is div]sity is n v app>5t at fir/2 b x becomes develop$ :5 ! sub/ance is poli%$1 & consid]ably enhances ! beauty ( ! article produc$4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,pipes ,,& ,,tubes4 ,wat]-pipes h _h a few vicissitudes 9 _! hi/ory4 ,^? :o rememb] ! arrangem5ts = ! wat]-supply ( ,london1 9 pa/ days1 w h be5 famili>1 ) ! wood5 pipes1 =m$ ( bor$ trunks ( trees1 :i* 7 wont to be laid d[n b5ea? ! pav+ ( ! /reets4 ,^! gave way to iron4 ,! small] pipes h *iefly be5 made ( lead2 b z9c 9 "o qu>t]1 br[n w>e 9 ano!r1 glass 9 ano!r1 h invad$ ! doma9 ( lead4 ,a new competitor n[ ent]s ! field4 ,gutta-p]*a claims to be n m]ely an effici5t mat]ial = wat]-pipes1 b to possess c]ta9 sanit>y qualities v important 9 ?is sanit>y age ( ours4 ,x is v /rong & t\gh 7say ! pat5tees72 x possesses mu* durability und]gr\nd2 x /\tly resi/s fro/2 & x leaves ! wat] z pure z x f9ds x4 ,h5ce x is appli$ to pump b>rels1 to %ips' pumps1 to locomotive fe$-pipes1 to syphons & m9e-pipes1 & to fire-eng9e pipes4 ,b if ! te/imony ( m$ical m5 is to be deem$ au?oritative1 ! sub/itution ( gutta-p]*a = lead z a mat]ial = wat]-pipes is a matt] ( yet high] import4 ,dr4 ,?omas ,smi?1 ( ,*elt5ham1 /ates t 8,_m s]i\s & al>m+ disord]s1 su* z mania1 epilepsy1 sudd5 dea?1 n]v\s affection1 p>alysis1 consumption1 hydrocephalus1 he>t disease1 c41 owe _! orig9 9 "s in/ances1 _! intractable "* 9 o!rs1 to ! gradual & cont9u\s inf9itesimal doses ( lead1 copp]1 c41 introduc$ into ! sy/em ?r\gh ! *annel ( our daily dr9k40 ,x appe>s t ! c>bonic acid conta9$ 9 wat] has a t5d5cy to comb9e ) ! lead ( ! pipe :i* conta9s x1 & to g5]ate a comp\nd possess+ poison\s qualities4 ,t gutta-p]*a resi/s su* action1 all au?orities agree2 & al?\gh at fir/ ! gum imp>ts a slight ta/e to ! wat]1 ?is effect seems spe$ily to disappe>4 ,!re are _m o!r circum/ances :i* r5d] tubes ( ?is mat]ial v advantage\s = ! conveyance ( wat]4 ,x be>s an am\nt ( friction & h>d usage :i* is frequ5tly surpris+4 ,at ,new ,york !re is a gutta-p]*a pipe a ?\s& feet 9 l5g?1 :i* conveys ! wat] ( ! great ,croton ,aqu$uct to ,blackwell's ,isl&2 ! pipe lies along ! b$ ( ! int]v5+ riv]1 & is kept d[n by upw>ds ( a hundr$ small an*ors1 & yet x resi/s bo? ! friction ( ! b$ & ! weight ( ! an*ors4 ,) an imm5se pressure ( wat]1 gutta-p]*a pipes h be5 f\nd to rema9 unh>m$1 :]e lea!r hose w\ld be disrupt$4 ,x resi/s ! action ( m>9e insects1 :i* w\ld soon make ravages on /\t timb]4 ,if wat] be conta9$ 9 a gutta-p]*a pipe1 x rema9s liquid at a temp]ature :i* w\ld produce ice 9 almo/ any o!r pipes4 ,= wat]+ g>d5s & roads1 = spr9kl+ malt 9 a kiln1 = apply+ wat] f a fire eng9e1 ^! pipes appe> to be s+ul>ly well fitt$1 s9ce1 ) a great p[] ( resi/+ pressure1 !y may be b5t1 or twi/$1 or l5g!n$1 or %ort5$1 9 any requir$ degree4 ,nor is ?is mat]ial1 p] se1 ! only effici5t "p ( su* pipes2 = a gutta-p]*a pipe may be firmly unit$ to a metal pipe 9 five m9utes1 ) no o!r cem5t ?an w>m wat]2 ! end ( ! pipe be+ s(t5$ 9 w>m wat]1 & drawn ov] ! end ( ! metal1 ! gum contracts on cool+ s z to grasp ! metal tightly1 & ?us =m an imp5etrable jo9t4 ,b if wat] be convey$ ?us effectively ?r\gh tubes ( gutta-p]*a1 ! qualities ( ! mat]ial are /ill m rem>kably display$ 9 ! conveyance ( *emical liquids4 ,few p]sons are s ignorant ( *emi/ry z n to be aw>e t ! /rong] acids & alkalies play sad havoc ) ! vessels & tubes :i* conta9 !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is an ob/9acy ( con/itution ab\t ?is s+ul> sub/ance :i* enables y to battle a :ole ho/ ( =midable oppon5ts4 ,x does yield1 c]ta9ly1 to conc5trat$ sulphuric & nitric acids2 b if ^! acids 9 a weak] /ate be ! liquids 9 "q1 or if muriatic1 acetic1 or hydr(luoric acids1 or *lor9e 7all ( :i* h a v de/ructive action71 !n ! gutta-p]*a /\tly resi/s !m1 & r5d]s good s]vice4 ,c>boys1 pipes1 dye-vats1 flasks1 funnels1 b[ls1 ladles1 syphons1 tr\ghs1 measures1 buckets--all are n[ made ( ?is mat]ial1 = use 9 *emical works1 pr9t works1 dye & blea* works1 & o!r e/abli%m5ts :]e /rong *emical liquids are employ$4 ,,cem5t ,,exp]im5ts4 ,! *emi/ry ( cem5t is a curi\s "o2 = ! /ony p>ticles adh]e ) a =ce :i* is 9 "s in/ances almo/ equal to ! p[] ( /one itself4 ,! s-call$ ,roman cem5t has long be5 fam\s = its cohesive prop]ty2 b ! ,portl& cem5t rec5tly introduc$ f> excels x4 ,9 an exp]im5t lately conduct$1 two solid blocks 7 prep>$1 "o ( ,roman & ! o!r ( ,portl& cem5t2 & !y 7 plac$ 9 su* positions t weights might be susp5d$ f !m4 ,! ,roman cem5t yield$ to a disruptive =ce ( elev5 hundr$ p\nds1 b ! ,portl& cem5t /\tly ma9ta9$ its integrity till r5t asund] by a weight ( n9ete5 hundr$4 ,b ?is cem5t has /ill m /rik+ly %[n its /r5g? :5 us$ z a mort> 9 brickwork4 ,on a rec5t occasion 9 ,hyde ,p>k1 a brick beam 0 built up ) ,portl& cem5t z a mort>4 ,! bricks 7 holl[1 & 7 s rang$ z to =m a beam ab\t f\r feet 9 height by two 9 wid?4 ,?is beam 0 re/$ at ! two ends on supports m ?an tw5ty feet asund]1 & weights 7 susp5d$ f ! c5tre2 & n till ! a/oni%+ weight ( ne>ly sev5ty ?\s& p\nds 0 ?us appli$ did ! beam yield & break4 ,x 0 n ! actual b9d+ p[] ( ! cem5t alone t resi/$ ?is enorm\s =ce1 = ?9 slips ( iron 7 introduc$ at diff]5t p>ts2 b ! exp]im5t 0 int5d$ to %[ h[ mu* /r5g? might be obta9$ by holl[ bricks & ,portl& cem5t1 aid$ by a little iron4 ,,/]eotyp+ ,,f ,,gutta-,,p]*a4 ,mr4 ,muir1 ( ,glasg[1 has inv5t$ a mode ( /]eotyp+1 manag$ 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,a page ( common type is fir/ set up1 & well fix$3 a w>m cake ( gutta-p]*a is appli$ to x1 screw$ d[n tightly1 & all[$ s to rema9 a qu>t] ( an h\r2 :5 ?is gutta-p]*a m\ld is remov$1 x is bru%$ ov] ) f9e black-lead1 & an electro-copp] ca/ tak5 f x2 ! pr9t+ is !n effect$ f ?is ca/4 ,x is f\nd t gutta-p]*a con/itutes a v conv5i5t & effici5t sub/ance = ! m\ld1 ow+ to ! read9ess ) :i* x c be s(t5$1 & its t\ghness :5 cold2 :ile ! electro-copp] ca/ is said to be> ! action ( ! pr9t+ press ?r\gh\t a mu* great] numb] ( copies ?an an ord9>y /]eotype plate4 ,! same inv5tor also practices a plan 9 :i* ! gutta-p]*a p]=ms n only its own "w b t ( ! electro-copp] also4 ,a m\ld is tak5 f an engrav$ wood-block1 9 gutta-p]*a2 & ?is m\ld1 :5 bru%$ ov] ) black-lead1 is made to yield a ca/ also 9 gutta-p]*a1 9 an exactly simil> way2 & f ?is ca/ ! impressions are pr9t$4 ,x seems difficult to conceive t1 aft] ?is d\ble process1 all ! delicate l9es ( a wood engrav+ %\ld be pres]v$ on ! surface ( su* a mat]ial z gutta-p]*a2 & yet1 )\t ?is pres]vation1 ! me?od w\ld be practically valueless4 ,,ac\/ic ,,uses ,,( ,,gutta-,,p]*a4 ,! conveyance ( s\nd is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ extraord9>y s]vice :i* gutta-p]*a tubes h yet r5d]$4 ,!re are two qualities requir$ 9 a speak+ tube2 fir/1 t x %all conc5trate a l>ge am\nt ( s\nd into a small space2 & secondly1 t x %all n /ifle ! ac\/ic vibrations )9 ! tube itself4 ,any mat]ial w answ] equally well1 s f> z ! fir/-nam$ quality is conc]n$1 = x requires simply a trumpet-%ap$ m\? at "o end1 & a v small orifice at ! o!r2 b gutta-p]*a possesses r>e qualities 9 respect to ! second k9d ( s]vice4 ,:e!r x is ! smoo?ness ( ! texture1 or ! peculi> k9d & degree ( ela/icity1 or ! relation ( ! sub/ance to heat or electricity--:atev] may be ! cause1 a tube ( gutta-p]*a pres]ves sonor\s vibrations ) a surpris+ degree ( cle>ness & equability2 & ! modes 9 :i* ?is quality are br\ght into useful requisition are also v num]\s4 ,!re is1 = example1 ! long e>-trumpet1 ) a wide orifice at "o end & a small "o at ! o!r2 & !re is ! portable e>-trumpet1 diff]+ f ! =m] only 9 br++ ! speak] & ! he>] clos] toge!r1 by a #8,fr5*-horn' sy/em ( twi/+ 9 ! tube4 ,!re is ! e>-cornet1 s small & neat t "o may be almo/ invisibly atta*$ to or ne> ea* e>4 ,!re is ! p>aboloid trumpet1 9 :i* ! s\nd is e*o$ f a l>ge concave receiv] be=e x ent]s ! tube4 ,!re is ! trumpet ) a long flexible tube1 or ) sev]al tubes1 s t sev]al p]sons r\nd a table c communicate 9 turn ) ! us]4 ,9 %ort1 !re h be5 almo/ z _m useful v>iations ( ! pr9ciple z !re are v>iations 9 ! social inconv5i5ces ( ^? :o require su* aid4 ,a diff]5t gr\p altoge!r is =m$ by ^? contrivances :i* are int5d$ to aid--n p>tially deaf p]sons--b ^? :om noise or di/ance w\ld o!rwise dis5able f conv]s+ toge!r4 ,driv]s ( omnibusses n[ sometimes communicate ) ! conductors1 & capta9s ( /eamboats ) ! eng9e-m51 by gutta-p]*a tubes4 ,b ^! are trifl+ s]vices comp>$ ) su* z ! tubes r5d] at great] di/ances4 ,! ,dome/ic ,telegraph1 z x has be5 call$1 is simply a gutta-p]*a tube conduct$ f "o ap>tm5t to ano!r3 x is employ$ z a m$ium ( transmitt+ messages1 & saves _m a we>y foot/ep to ^? :o are at ! beck & call ( o!rs4 ,! ,m$ical ,man's ,midnight ,fri5d 7a lack-a-daisical sort ( a title7 is a gutta-p]*a tube ext5d+ f ! #8doctor's' /reet-door to ! doctor's b$1 by :i* a message c be transmitt$ to ! awak5$ practition]1 in/ead ( m]ely ! s\nd ( 8 bell4 ,9 factories & l>ge e/abli%m5ts su* speak+ tubes are advanc+ ext5sively 9 favor2 = ! communication betwe5 di/ant build+s is mo/ complete4 ,9 pr9t+ (fices1 sp9n+ & weav+ mills1 9 union poor-h\ses1 9 hospitals & infirm>ies1 & 9 v>i\s o!r e/abli%m5ts ( magnitude1 ! advantages are s self-evid5t t ! use is becom+ v g5]al4 ,! *ur* ac\/ic app>atus is 9 _m respects ! mo/ int]e/+ & rem>kable ( ^! highly curi\s applications4 ,let u conceive1 = cle>ness ( illu/ration1 t 9 a remote pew ( a *ur* is a p]son :o1 ?\gh n deaf1 yet fails 9 ability to he> :at is said 9 ! pulpit or read+-desk4 ,a gutta-p]*a tube is laid d[n ei!r on or b5ea? ! floor f ! pulpit to ! pew--! mat]ial b5ds s easily t x may be c>ri$ 9 any =m--& a small ivory or h>d wood e>-piece is atta*$ to "o end1 :ile ! o!r end exp&s 9 trumpet-=m4 ,n[ ! rem>kable circum/ance is1 t ! requir$ effect is br\ght ab\t )\t necessitat+ ! approa* ( ! speak]'s m\? to ! tube2 8 head may be two or ?ree feet above1 or bel[1 or beh9d1 or at ! side ( ! trumpet-m\?2 & yet ! s\nd w rea* ! remote end ( ! tube 9 audible quantity4 ,! tru? is1 t if ! tube receives a m\?-full ( s\nd 7:i* x c 9 any direction r\nd & ne> ! speak]71 t quantity is s economis$1 & s fai?fully convey$ to ! o!r end1 t x becomes cond5s$ to an audible pit*2 if ! trumpet-m\? be l>ge1 & ! e>-piece v small1 we may lik5 ! action to ! cond5sation ( _m ?reads ( s\nd into "o2 & ! e> ( ! auditor becomes s5sible to ?is cond5s$ p[]4 ,9 practice1 ! trumpet-m\? is usually fix$ to ! front ( ! pulpit1 m\? upp]mo/1 & is /amp$ or m\ld$ 9 an ornam5tal =m consi/5t ) ! decorations ( ! pulpit4 ,beyond all ?is1 ! s\nd may be laid on1 l gas1 to any pew or any qu>t] ( ! *ur*2 = !re may be a tube 7:i* we w call ! ma9-pipe7 laid along ! c5tre aisle1 & lat]al tubes may spr+ f ?is to any requir$ spot4 ,"s cl]gym5 h :at !y call a deaf pew2 t is1 a pew 9 :i* ^? are congregat$ :o may be collectively b5efitt$ by ?is admirable app>atus4 ,?is contrivance has be5 us$ at "s ( ! great meet+s 7f\r ?\s& /rong7 at ,exet] ,hall1 by ^? to :om ! spee*es w\ld o!rwise h be5 little else ?an dumb %[4 ,gutta-p]*a has be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,briti% prov9ce ( ,m]gui1 & ?\gh n precisely id5tical ) ! gutta-p]*a ( comm]ce1 x possesses all ! valuable prop]ties ( t sub/ance1 includ+ pla/icity 9 hot wat]1 & ! p[] ( insulat+ electric curr5ts4 ,! tree f :i* ! true gutta taban is produc$ 7errone\sly misnam$ gutta-p]*a1 a gum yield$ by a diff]5t tree17 is "o ( ! mo/ common 9 ! jungles ( ,johore & ! ,malay ,p59sula4 ,x is n f\nd 9 ! alluvial di/ricts1 b 9 undulat+ or hilly gr\nd4 ,!re is a great uni=mity 9 ! size ( ! full gr[n tabans1 :i* rise ) p]fectly /raight trunks f sixty to eighty feet 9 height1 & f two to ?ree feet 9 diamet]1 ! bran*es be+ few & small4 ,! natives1 aft] fell+ ! tree1 make an incision r\nd x1 f :i* ! milk fl[s4 ,?is is repeat$ at di/ances ( six to eighte5 in*es along ! :ole trunk4 ,x appe>s t ! taban1 or milky juice1 w n fl[ freely l ,india rubb]1 b rapidly concretes4 ,its appe>ance 9 ?is /ate1 be=e be+ boil$1 is v diff]5t f t ( ! article z import$ & %ipp$4 ,x has a dry1 ragg$ look1 resembl+ %r$s ( b>k1 & in/ead ( be+ d5se & t\gh1 is light1 & possesses s little cohesion t x is easily torn to pieces4 ,v>i\s /atem5ts are made z to ! produce ( ea* tree1 :i* is some:at surpris+1 consid]+ ! uni=m size ( ! trees4 ,x takes tw5ty trees to produce "o picul ( #acc lbs41 & z ! exports ( gutta-p]*a1 f ! comm5cem5t ( ! trade up to ! close ( #ahec1 am\nt$ to #c1ajg tons1 x foll[s t upw>ds ( "o million trees mu/ h be5 de/roy$ to obta9 t quantity 9 n9e ye>s4 ,! natives1 h[ev]1 d n appe> to be "u any appreh5sion t ! trees w be extirpat$1 & smile at ! probability :5 sugge/$2 = x is only trees arriv$ at _! full gr[?1 or at lea/ at a v consid]able age1 t repay ! labor ( fell+ !m & extract+ ! gutta2 & ^? ( all inf]ior ages :i* are !re=e left unt\*$1 w1 x is suppos$1 keep up ! race4 ,! collection ( ! gutta has widely ext5d$1 embrac+ n[ ! ,johore ,ar*ipelago1 ,sumatra1 ,borneo & ,java4 ,un=tunately1 ! quality has det]iorat$ by ! admixture ( o!r inf]ior gums1 ! products ( diff]5t trees1 :i* are (t5 us$ to adult]ate ! taban4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a--,,its ,,fir/ ,,application ,,z ,a ,,cem5t ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,gutta-p]*a1 z a cem5t1 0 fir/ introduc$ to our notice 9 #ahdi4 ,a m$ical g5tleman hav+ receiv$ a sev]e cut ^u "o ( 8 f+]s1 dissolv$ a portion ( ! gutta-p]*a 9 *lor(orm1 !n ) a f9e bru%1 fir/ imm]s$ 9 ! solution1 pass$ sev]al times ar\nd ! f+] 9 ord] to produce ! requir$ ?ickness2 !n1 imm]s+ 8 f+] 9 wat] = a %ort "t1 ?us =m$ a neat & durable cov]+1 air & wat] pro(4 ,?us protect$1 x heal$ quickly )\t sor5ess or f>!r tr\ble4 ,) ?is cem5t & crude gutta-p]*a1 we fir/ appli$ x to ,boots & ,%oes1 & f\nd x held v firmly ! fibres ( clo? & lea!r toge!r4 ,a sample 9 %eet =m1 we appli$ ) a w>m iron4 ,x held ) great t5acity1 & ) an additional quantity1 we appli$ x ) entire success1 9 ! repair+ ( ab\t five hundr$ pairs ( %oes4 ,^! %oes _h clo? upp]s1 )\t 8fox+0 ar\nd ! heels1 & 7 badly cut 9 tak+ out ! 8raw0 9 f9i%+ ! knife "w ar\nd ! heel4 ,we h cont9u$ ! use ( gutta-p]*a z a cem5t = %oes1 also z a wat]-pro(+ sub/ance betwe5 ! inn] sole & ! out] sole1 & our exp]im5ts 7 fully successful4 ,?is process also prev5t$ ! boots & %oes f 8squeak+10 t horror ( n]v\s temp]am5ts1 at ! same "t add+ greatly to ! durability ( ! lea!r4 ,,obs]vations ,,conc]n+ ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,& ,,rubb] ,,9 ,,_! ,,uses ,,9 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes4 ,among ! _m advantages we h obs]v$ 9 our exp]im5ts 9 ! use ( gutta-p]*a 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes1 are its exce$+ f9e gra91 its p]fect wat] & oil repell5t prop]ties1 :i* r5d] x f> sup]ior to all rubb] cem5ts & comb9ations ev] (f]$ to ! public4 ,gutta-p]*a is pro( aga9/ wat]1 acids1 & oily sub/ances1 dampness & decomposition4 ,x is v t5aci\s1 clean1 & sweet1 & w /& all wea!rs1 & w n become /icky4 ,! boots or %oes made ) x1 may be worn 9 damp or dry localities1 ?r\gh wat]1 oily or acid comb9ations1 )\t injury to ! cem5t4 ,^! /atem5ts are corroborat$ by actual te/s ( ! sev]e/ nature4 ,no "o w d\bt :o w inve/igate ! subject ( ! application ( gutta-p]*a to boots & %oes4 ,x is wor?y ! /udy ( all engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( ^! articles1 & w amply repay ! close/ /udy & inve/igation4 ,nor c x be d\bt$ t x is de/9$1 9 a v brief p]iod1 to sup]s$e all o!r improvem5ts 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes4 ,9 #ahee1 ! 8,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,pat5t ,boot & ,%oe ,co40 te/$ gutta-p]*a z a cem5t aft] !y _h ab&on$ a rubb] filam5t or cem5t z useless4 ,!y cont9u$ to manufacture boots & %oes by ! use ( gutta-p]*a1 & f\nd1 aft] a long & satisfactory trial1 ?r\gh all seasons ( ! ye>1 t x rema9$ firm & un9jur$1 n be+ 9 ! lea/ affect$ by ! oleag9\s sub/ances or fluids us$ 9 prep>+ ! v>i\s k9ds ( upp] lea!r or sole lea!r4 ,! oily matt] "h ref]r$ to1 de/roys all ! rubb] cem5ts1 & ! ,company f\nd t gutta-p]*a cont9u$ z firm & t5aci\s aft] _! te/s1 z :5 fir/ appli$ to ! %oe1 & 0 n affect$ by o!r *emical comb9ations us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! %oe4 ,t ,company sp>$ no pa9s or exp5se 9 p]fect+ "p ( ! manufacture ( ! %oes1 :]eby !y 7 enabl$ to produce a quality ( goods nev] be=e equall$ 9 lightness1 /yle1 or practical utility1 exce$+1 z !y did1 ! mo/ sangu9e expectations ( all int]e/$4 ,!y fully demon/rat$ t %oes ?us manufactur$ 7 f> sup]ior to ! sew+ or pegg+ process1 or rubb] cem5ts2 ?us prov+ conclusively t ! process is de/9$ to produce an entire revolution 9 ! manufacture ( e description ( f9e %oes & boots4 ,gutta-p]*a cem5t appli$ to sole lea!r r5d]s x wat]-pro( j 9 proportion z x is mix$ ) its fibres1 & ! quantity appli$2 at ! same "t improv+ ! lea!r m ?an "o hundr$ p] c5t4 z x adds to its solidity & durability4 ,! mix+1 m+l+1 or saturat+ ! fibres ( ! lea!r1 or o!r fibr\s sub/ances1 z clo?1 ) ! cem5t1 gives x its firm & t5aci\s hold on ! v>i\s sub/ances to :i* x is appli$ 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes1 & all o!r comb9ations t require a t5aci\s cem5t4 ,,process ,,= ,,manufactur+ ,,boots ,,or ,,%oes ,,by ,,simply ,,cem5t+ ,,! ,,edges ,,( ,,! ,,9 ,,sole ,,& ,,out] ,,sole4 ,objections are sometimes urg$ aga9/ ! gutta-p]*a sole z be+ liable to sweat ! feet4 ,?is objection we reg>d z purely my?ical1 z no su* result w foll[ unless ! feet are encas$ 9 rubb] or gutta-p]*a4 ,! top ( ! foot be+ cov]$ ) lea!r1 ?us all[+ ! p]spiration to escape1 ! gutta-p]*a sole acts only z a protection1 ?us avoid+ ! unpleasant effects realiz$ 9 we>+ ,india-rubb] %oes4 ,%oes or boots may be made1 if desir$1 by cem5t+ ! edges ( ! inn] sole & out] sole only4 ,?is process obviates ! objection j allud$ to4 ,we h manufactur$ %oes 9 ?is mann]1 :i* h worn at lea/ "o-?ird long] ?an :5 pegg$ or sew$1 ! mat]ials be+ ! same4 ,= p]fectly dry walk+ !y are a v desirable article4 ,only ab\t "o-f\r? ! quantity ( cem5t is requir$ :5 manufactur$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,= ,,belts1 ,,h>nesses1 ,c4 ,belts ( lea!r may be put toge!r by ?is cem5t1 :i* adds greatly to _! we> & durability1 n be+ 9 ! lea/ affect$ by dampness1 nei!r by ! oils :i* may come 9 contact ) !m f ! ma*9]y4 ,9 cutt+ up belt = h>ness lea!r1 !re is usually great wa/e & loss ( /ock1 z portions ( ! sides are v ?91 & unfit = use4 ,b by ?is process e p>ticle may be sav$4 ,cut ! /ock ! prop] wid?1 /ret* x1 !n raise a /rong ?ick fibre on all ! ?9 p>ts & ! laps4 ,apply ! cem5t hot ) a bru% to all ! ?9 portions & laps4 ,let x dry until ! solv5t has evaporat$2 !n heat ! p>ts suffici5tly1 & press toge!r ) a vice or clamps4 ,on all ! ?9 places apply a piece ( ! cem5t$ lea!r until ! belt is ( an ev5 ?ickness2 press firmly toge!r1 !n %ave (f ! projections ) a knife or cutt+ ma*9e4 ,trim ! edges3 y w ?us produce a firm1 smoo? belt1 )\t a /it*1 rivet1 or lac+4 ,all portions ( a h>ness or saddle may be cem5t$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,?is process is exce$+ly simple1 at ! same "t economical--a sav+ ( "t & money1 & adds greatly to _! durability4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,9 ,,its ,,application ,,to ,,wood ,,"w1 ,c41--,,important ,,to ,,%ip ,,& ,,boat ,,build]s4 ,x may be appli$ to vats1 dra9s1 ci/]ns1 s9ks1 etc41 to great advantage4 ,all squ>e jo9ts %\ld be fir/ prep>$ by rais+ a fibre1 z 9 v5e]+ "w4 ,apply ! cem5t hot1 z glue is spread4 ,9 a few h\rs ! solv5t w evaporate2 !n heat ! p>ts suffici5tly to melt ! cem5t2 press toge!r firmly4 ,! gutta-p]*a w be f\nd to be an excell5t cem5t = all leaky places 9 /one1 brick or wood "w4 ,mix x ) s&1 or any fibr\s sub/ance1 apply hot1 or melt x 9 ) a hot iron4 ,! pure gutta-p]*a w cem5t brok5 /one1 m>ble or brick1 s firmly t x w rema9 = ye>s4 ,x is und\bt$ly ! be/ cem5t ev] yet discov]$4 ,ornam5tal "w1 c5tre-pieces1 etc41 may be ?us cem5t$ to _! position4 ,x is a well kn[n fact1 t sub-m>9e wires1 enclos$ 9 ! gutta-p]*a tube1 are inde/ructible1 z all sea insects1 worms1 c41 nev] mole/ x4 ,9 caulk+ all %ips1 boats1 c41 oakum1 or any fibr\s sub/ance1 may be saturat$ ) pure gutta-p]*a1 & !n press$ hot into ! jo9ts ) a hot iron4 ,?is process r5d]s ! jo9ts pro( aga9/ all ag5cies4 ,! jo9t ?us cem5t$ is made m firm & solid ?an ! plank itself4 ,,te/imonials ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,practical ,,value ,,( ,,gutta-,,p]*a1 ,,& ,,its ,,application ,,to ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes1 ,,9 ,,london4 ,gutta-,p]*a ,company ( ,london1 ,oct4 #a/1 #ahdi4 ,! application ( gutta-p]*a soles = boots & %oes h be5 ext5sively & satisfactorily te/$1 its m]its hav+ be5 ackn[l$g$ by all :o h worn !m4 ,inde$1 exp]i5ce has prov$ t gutta-p]*a soles we> twice z long z lea!r1 ) great additional p]sonal com=t1 & rema9 p]fectly imp]vi\s to wet until worn ?r\gh4 ,s\?ampton ,r[1 ,sept4 #a/1 #ahdg4 ,g5tlem53 ,i write to ?ank y because ,i c speak confid5tly ( ! advantages ( gutta-p]*a ov] lea!r soles4 ,i made ! fir/ pair la/ ,octob]1 & wore !m eight mon?s be=e ,i wore ! soles ?r\gh4 ,i _h !m heel$ six times1 & "o pair ( extra fronts ,i put to ! same soles4 ,i only kept "o pair 9 use to see h[ long !y w\ld la/4 ,i w nev] we> ano!r lea!r sole s long z ,i c obta9 gutta-p]*a soles1 & ,i walk f twelve to tw5ty miles a day4 ,c4 ,,wright1 ,boot & ,%oe ,mak]4 ,to ! ,gutta-,p]*a ,co4 ,gutta-,p]*a ,company's ,works4 ,pat5t ,gutta-,p]*a ,soles4--,! applicability ( gutta-p]*a soles = boots & %oes hav+ be5 ext5sively & satisfactorily te/$1 we c unhesitat+ly recomm5d ! mat]ial prep>$ = ! purpose1 its m]its hav+ be5 ackn[l$g$ by all :o h tri$ x4 ,inde$1 exp]i5ce has prov$ t gutta-p]*a soles we> twice z long z lea!r1 ) great additional p]sonal com=t1 & !y rema9 p]fectly imp]vi\s to wet1 until q worn ?r\gh4 ,london1 ,nov4 #d?1 #ahdg4 ,g5tlem53--,i h giv5 ! gutta-p]*a boot soles :at may be consid]$ a fair trial1 namely3 ?ree mon?'s con/ant we> on a r\gh1 gravelly road1 & c be> te/imony to its usefulness4 ,) prop] c>e 9 putt+ !m on1 & a little att5tion aft]w>ds1 ,i am p]suad$ t x w la/ long] ?an lea!r1 & be+ imp]vi\s to wet1 w be f\nd invaluable to p]sons subject to damp or cold feet4 ,w4 ,,di>1 ,pr9cipal ,(fic] ( ,h4 ,m4 ,cu/oms1 ,:it/able4 ,man*e/]1 ,engl&1 ,m>* #h1 #ahdh4 ,,to ,,mr4 ,,h5ry ,,/a?am3 ,de> ,sir3--,x is ) pleasure t ,i be> te/imony to ! good qualities ( gutta-p]*a soles4 ,y are aw>e t my occupation requires me to be on foot a great deal1 ^u all k9ds ( roads1 & 9 all wea!rs1 & s9ce ,i began to we> gutta-p]*a soles1 ,i h n _h to compla9 ( wet or cold feet4 ,! pair ,i h on n[ h be5 9 almo/ daily use = m ?an f\r mon?s1 & my fe> is1 t ! upp] lea!r w be worn out fir/4 ,i am q sure t ,i save f ?irty to fifty p] c5t41 9 ! co/ ( %oes1 9 consequ5ce ( my family we>+ gutta-p]*a soles1 &1 s long z ,i c get !m1 ,i int5d to we> !m 9 pref]5ce to any?+ else ,i h se54 ,y\rs respectfully1 ,,?omas ,,:itehead1 ,gas ,(fice1 ,t[n ,hall1 ,k+ ,/reet4 ,london1 ,april #a1 #ahdh4 ,gutta-p]*a ,boot & ,%oe ,soles = ,summ] ,we>4--,! fact ( ! total imp]vi\sness ( ^! soles to wat]1 enables ! mo/ delicate1 by ! use ( !m to escape ! suff]+ :i* ! prov]bial unc]ta9ty ( our climate1 ev5 9 summ]1 s (t5 inflicts ^u ! incauti\s4 ,all injuri\s effects may be entirely prev5t$ by a sole s ?9 & light1 z to af=d to ! we>] a degree ( ease & com=t1 unatta9able 9 conjunction ) security aga9/ damp4 ,at ! same "t ! rem>kable nonconduct+ prop]ties ( gutta-p]*a1 af=d a mo/ valuable protection to ^? :o are subject to suff]+ or inconv5i5ce by walk+ ^u heat$ pavem5ts4 ,no in/ance ( failure has ev] come to ! k ( ! company1 :i* may n be ascrib$ to ! neglect ( ! we>]4 ,! foll[+ article f ! ,london ,weekly ,despat* w be read ) int]e/4 ,! writ] has1 evid5tly1 n only a k ( ! subject ^u :i* he writes1 b an appreciation ( ! value ( gutta-p]*a1 & its invaluable importance 9 ! me*anical arts4 8,we h lately visit$ ! ext5sive works belong+ to ! ,gutta-,p]*a ,company1 9 ,:>f-road ,city-road1 & confess t we 7 delight$ & a/oni%$4 ,! premises 9 :i* ! bus9ess ( ! company is c>ri$ on cov] a l>ge area ( gr\nd4 ,sev]al floors ( ! build+ are devot$ to ! op]ations ( ! workm51 am\nt+ to ne>ly "o hundr$ & sev5ty individuals1 includ+ a spr9kl+ ( /\t1 he>ty-look+ boys4 ,! basem5t is occupi$ by two /eam-eng9es1 )\t ^: pres5ce ! works w\ld by no means be complete4 ,^! groan f 8e>ly morn to dewy eve10 9 turn+ la!s 9 ! eng9e]+ dep>tm5t1 9 knead+ ! gutta-p]*a1 cutt+ out soles & heels = boots & %oes1 roll+ out driv+ b&s ( e dim5sion1 & heat+ ! /eam-*e/s by :i* ! gutta-p]*a is r5d]$ pliable & fit = ! h&s ( ! workm54 ,on ! pr9cipal floor !re are sev]al hydraulic presses1 us$ 9 ! process ( manufacture2 & we _h ! good =tune to witness ! production ( a complete dess]t s]vice ( ! mo/ *a/e & elegant patt]n1 & 9 imitation ( gn>l$ oak4 ,! subjects ( adornm5t 7 br\ght out 9 high relief1 & aft] und]go+ ! process ( v>ni%+1 7 surpris+ly beautiful1 light1 & incapable ( be+ fractur$ or brok5 by a fall or bl[40 ,"s ( ^! sets 7 ( ! v9e-leaf patt]n1 9 close imitation to nature4 ,^! ?+s 7 press$ out ) "s rapidity1 b n )\t great manual labor1 not)/&+ ! aid ( ! p[]ful presses allud$ to4 ,ink/&s ( ! mo/ beautiful "* 7 also fa%ion$ 9 a %ort "t2 inde$1 all sorts ( ornam5ts1 elaborat$ ) ! mo/ +5i\s devices1 7 made dur+ our /ay4 ,we obs]v$ a va/ deal ( ornam5tal "w1 int5d$ to sup]s$e ! labor ( ! c>v]4 ,!re 7 frames ( l>ge dim5sions ready = ! reception ( pictures4 ,we 7 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ! appe>ance ( "o int5d$ = a l>ge pi]-glass4 ,! foliage 0 ( ! mo/ sumptu\s workman%ip1 & possess$ a %>pness & f9i% :i* ! h& ( man c\ld sc>cely accompli%4 ,a design = a bible cov] 0 exhibit$4 ,! subject h>moniz$ ) ! nature ( ! book x 0 int5d$ to enclose1 & 0 9 bold relief4 ,x is believ$ t gutta-p]*a w1 9 a %ort "t1 be 9 g5]al use among book-b9d]s1 n only 9 ! %ape ( massive cov]s1 b to sup]s$e ! pres5t cotton b9d+ :i* has s pretty an appe>ance1 b is n ( t la/+ "* z to induce p]sons to adopt x 9 cases :]e /r5g? & durability are requir$4 ,9 o!r portions ( ! factory1 workm5 7 employ$ 9 mak+ in/rum5ts us$ by surgeons1 to be employ$ 9 cases ( a delicate nature2 o!rs 7 f9i%+ (f ! num]\s objects j turn$ out ( ! m\lds4 ,among/ ! o!r articles ( curiosity1 we obs]v$ sev]al y>ds ( gutta-p]*a r5d]$ exce$+ly ?9 by ma*9]y1 & int5d$ = ladies' dresses4 ,x 0 ( a light p9k color1 by no means displeas+ to ! eye1 & possess$ ( great /r5g?4 ,by ! aid ( delicate ma*9]y1 ! gutta-p]*a 0 run out into ?read1 to be us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ladies' "w bags1 fi%+ nets1 & = a hundr$ o!r purposes4 ,l>ge tub+1 & "s ) an inconceivably small bore1 0 run out to l5g?s ( v>i\s dim5sions4 ,wagon & c>t h>ness1 ( enorm\s /r5g?1 comb9$ ) lightness1 we obs]v$ hang+ up 9 ! e/abli%m5t1 besides g5tlem5's rid+-:ips1 & ?+s ( e k9d4 ,greatly z we 7 delight$ ) all ^! ?+s1 we _h yet ano!r treat to come1 :i* inf9itely surpass$ any?+ we _h se54 ,we 7 %[n sev]al specim5s ( enorm\s panell+1 on :i* ! c>v+ ( ! orig9al design 0 br\ght up ) rem>kable fidelity4 ,consid]+ t gutta-p]*a is an inde/ructible mat]ial1 we h little hesitation 9 /at+1 t ! mansions ( ! nobility w soon be decorat$ ) ornam5tal "w produc$ by ?is new sy/em ( multiply+ objects1 produc$ by ! anci5ts to _! glory & et]nal honor4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,india-,,rubb]1 ,,its ,,discov]y1 ,,uses1 ,c4 ,?is important gum is kn[n by a v>iety ( names4 ,ca\t*\c1 gum-ela/ic1 & ,india-rubb]4 ,x is a product ( ! syr+e tree ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,?is sub/ance 0 fir/ br\ght to ,europe 9 #agce1 by "s ,fr5* a/ronom]s1 :o 7 s5t to ,brazil to make a/ronomical obs]vations4 ,x is f\nd abundantly 9 ,p]u1 ,brazil1 & ,quito1 & has rec5tly be5 discov]$ 9 ,asia4 ,consid]able quantities ( x are n[ obta9$ 9 ,java1 ,p5ang1 ,s+apore & ,assam4 ,9 "s places hundr$s ( miles are cov]$ ) trees4 ,!y are v l(ty1 ris+ to ! height ( fifty or sixty feet1 )\t bran*es1 b cov]$ ) a ri* tuft$ foliage4 ,! b>k is exce$+ly smoo?1 its leaves deep gre51 ?ick & glossy1 & six or sev5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! fruit consi/s ( :ite almonds & is reg>d$ by ! natives z v delici\s4 ,! process ( obta9+ ! liquid is v simple4 ,a longitud9al ga% is cut 9 ! b>k ( ! tree ) a hat*et1 a w$ge is !n ins]t$ to keep ! ap]ture op52 ! gum !n oozes out 9 ! =m ( a milky juice4 ,a small clay cup is atta*$ to ! tree into :i* ! sap fl[s4 ,9 ! space ( f\r or five h\rs ! milk ceases to run1 & ! quantity receiv$ is ab\t five table spoonsful4 ,! cups are n[ empti$ & ! process ( smok+ is comm5c$2 ?is ) ! =m+ process mu/ be done z soon z ! milk coagulates4 ,a fire is built ^u ! gr\nd made ( ! nuts ( ! wass\ palm tree2 ov] ?is fire an inv]t$ e>!n pot1 ) a hole 9 ! bottom is plac$1 f :5ce issues a jet ( pung5t smoke4 ,! smoke *anges ! color ( ! gum v slightly at fir/1 b by exposure to ! atmosph]e x becomes fir/ br[n1 !n q black1 pres5t+ ! appe>ance :i* we see x has 9 articles ( comm]ce4 ,! sap ( ! tree is laid on a m\ld 9 successive lay]s1 :i* are all[$ to dry1 & are =m$ into bottles & cakes1 9 :i* =m x is export$4 ,! natives ( ,s\? ,am]ica are v +5i\s 9 ! uses to :i* !y apply x4 ,boots1 %oes1 syr+es1 & tubes1 are among ! _m articles ( dome/ic use into :i* x is conv]t$4 ,! tubes !y use z tor*es1 :i* burn v cle>ly1 & emit b little odor4 ,accord+ to ! celebrat$ *emi/1 ,f>aday1 its composition is c>bon1 #hg4b1 hydrog51 #ab4h--;a hydro-c>bon4 ,x melts :5 expos$ to a heat ( #bdh1 & is resolv$ into vapor at #fjj1 & c be cond5s$ into a liquid call$ ca\t*\c94 ,9 #aggj1 a cubic in* ( ,india-rubb] 0 sold 9 ,london = sev5ty-five c5ts1 to erase p5cil m>ks4 ,x 0 n us$ to make wat]-pro( fabrics until ab\t ! ye> #ahjj4 ,^! 7 fir/ inv5t$ by ,*>les ,mack9to%1 ( ,glasg[1 :o appli$ a nap?a solution to ! surface ( two pieces ( clo?1 !n laid !m toge!r1 pass$ !m betwe5 roll]s & ?us cem5t$ !m toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,natives ,,ga!r+ ,,gutta-,,p]*a4 ,a 8,mack9to%0 0 ! "n appli$ = _m ye>s to a wat]-pro( coat4 ,dr4 ,ure1 al?\gh well aw>e ( ,mr4 ,mack9to%'s inv5tion1 coldly passes x ov] 9 8 diction>y4 ,x is suppos$ t p]sonal feel+ 0 ! cause ( ?is1 z ,dr4 ,?omson & ,ure 7 once rival *emi/s 9 ,glasg[1 & ,mack9to% 0 ! fri5d & pupil ( ! =m]4 ,! fabrics ( ,mack9to% _h a mo/ disagreeable smell1 /ill he 0 ! fir/ p]son :o e/abli%$ ,india-rubb] manufactures 9 ,brita91 & p]haps ! _w4 ,he aft]w>ds remov$ 8 factory to ,man*e/]1 ,engl&4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( goods made ( ,india-rubb] soon aft]w>ds began to be manufactur$ 9 ,engl&1 b !y 7 all decid$ly objectionable to use1 until ! gr& discov]y ( sulphurization 0 made2 = ?is ! _w is indebt$ to an ,am]ican inv5tor1 ,na?aniel ,hayw>d ( ,woburn1 ,mass4 ,?is sub/ance1 or r1 comp\nds ( x1 is n[ manufactur$ into s _m articles ( beauty & usefulness1 t x =ms an object ( no small wond] to witness ! rapidity ) :i* su* manufactures h sprung into exi/5ce4 ,! foll[+ description ( ! ,india-,rubb] tree & its fruit is giv5 by ,*evali] ,d4 ,clauss51 inv5tor ( ! flax cotton4 ,he says t 9 ! c\rse ( 8 travels 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 he _h occasion to notice ! diff]5t trees :i* produce ! ,india-rubb]1 & ( :i* ! ,hancornia speciosa is "o4 ,x gr[s on ! high plateaux ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 betwe5 ! t5? & tw5tie? degrees ( latitude s\?1 at a height ( f ?ree to five ?\s& feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,x is ( ! family ( ! ,sapotac1 ! same to :i* belongs ! tree :i* produces gutta-p]*a4 ,x be>s a fruit1 9 =m1 n unlike a b]gamot pe>1 & full ( a milky juice1 :i* is liquid ,india-rubb]4 ,to be eatable1 ! fruit mu/ be kept two or ?ree weeks aft] be+ ga!r$1 9 :i* "t all ! ,india-rubb] disappe>s1 or is conv]t$ into sug>1 & is !n 9 ta/e "o ( ! mo/ delici\s fruits kn[n1 & reg>d$ by ! ,brazilians 7:o call x ,mangava7 z sup]ior to all o!r fruits ( _! c\ntry4 ,! *ange ( ,india-rubb] into sug>1 l$ him to suppose t gutta-p]*a1 ,india-rubb]1 & simil> comp\nds conta9$ />*4 ,he !re=e tri$ to mix x ) res9\s or oily sub/ances1 9 comb9ation ) tann91 & succe$$ 9 mak+ comp\nds :i* c be mix$ 9 all proportions ) gutta-p]*a or ,india-rubb] )\t alt]+ _! *>act]s4 ,by ! =ego+ x w be und]/ood t a great numb] ( comp\nds ( ! gutta-p]*a & ,india-rubb] class may be =m$ by mix+ />*1 glut51 or fl\r ) tann9 & res9\s or oily sub/ances4 ,by mix+ "s ( ^! comp\nds ) gutta-p]*a or ,india-rubb]1 he c s increase its h>dness t x w be l horn1 & may be us$ z %ields to protect ! soldi]s f ! effect ( ! ,m9ie balls1 & "s ( ^! comp\nds 9 comb9ation ) iron1 may be useful 9 float+ batt]ies & _m o!r purposes1 su* z cov]+ ! electric telegraph wires1 imitation ( wood1 %ip-build+1 c4 ,a description ( ! v>i\s uses to :i* ,india-rubb] is appli$1 w be f\nd exce$+ly int]e/+ & in/ructive4 ,! ,engli% h ?us f> succe$$ m p]fectly1 or r m g5]ally 9 _! application ( x1 ?an we1 al?\gh s9ce #ahef1 rapid /rides h be5 made 9 p]fect+ ! manufacture ( ! v>i\s fabrics 9 :i* x is us$ 9 our c\ntry1 especially ,new ,engl&4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t to an ,am]ican is due ! discov]y ( ! process ( sulphurization1 :i* discov]y imm$iately gave a new value1 & a new impulse to ! application ( ?is wond]ful product ( ! =e/s ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! v>i\s uses to :i* ,india-rubb] is appli$1 is tak5 pr9cipally f ,engli% s\rces1 & ref]s to ! manufactures ( t c\ntry4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,clean+ ,,processes4 ,! ,india-rubb]1 or ca\t*\c1 n[ import$ to ! enorm\s ext5t ( six or sev5 hundr$ ?\s& p\nds annually1 rea*es ?is c\ntry 9 masses ( v>i$ %ape1 b mo/ly ( a d>k color4 ,9 its import$ /ate x is us$ = v few purposes2 consid]able modifications be+ necess>y = its adaptation to practical s]vice4 ,x requires to be trans=m$ into cakes1 or %eets1 or tissues1 or tubes1 or solutions1 prep>atory to its ultimate use2 & ?is trans=mation requires op]ations ( a some:at peculi> k9d1 ow+ to ! necessity ( r5d]+ ! :ole mass homog5e\s 9 sub/ance4 ,! bottles1 & masses1 & fragm5ts1 z import$1 h mu* inequality 9 texture1 & are1 moreov]1 contam9at$ ) mu* dirt & refuse4 ,to sep>ate ^!1 ! ,india-rubb] is fir/ cut into v small fragm5ts1 & !n /eep$ 9 w>m wat]1 by :i* ! dirt is precipitat$4 ,! fragm5ts are dri$1 & are !n ?r[n into a k9d ( knead+ ma*9e1 :]e imm5se pressure is employ$ to br+ !m to "o homog5e\s mass4 ,! ,india-rubb]1 ?\gh put 9 cold1 becomes s hot by ! agitation t x c\ld n be safely t\*$ by ! h&2 x is necess>y to supply ! ma*9e ) cold wat]1 :i* is made ne>ly to boil by ! caloric driv5 out ( ! ela/ic mass4 ,s ?or\ghly is ! mass press$1 roll$1 prick$1 cut1 & knead$1 by ! sev]e turmoil :i* x und]goes1 t all dirt1 air1 wat] & /eam are expell$1 & x pres5ts ! appe>ance ( a d>k color$1 uni=m1 smoo? mass4 ,x is put into ca/ iron m\lds ( great /r5g?1 & br\ght1 by hydraulic or screw pressure1 to ! =m ( blocks1 slabs1 or cyl9d]s1 accord+ to ! purpose to :i* x is to be appli$4 ,,mack9to% ,,clo?4 ,! manufacture ( ! ,mack9to% clo? is a s+ul> "o4 ,! mat]ial is m]ely two lay]s ( cotton cem5t$ ) liquid ,india-rubb]2 b ! junction is s well effect$1 t ! ?ree become to all int5ts & purposes "o4 ,! /\t & well-wov5 clo? is coil$ ^u a horizontal beam1 l ! y>n beam ( a loom2 & f ?is x is /ret*$ out 9 a tight /ate & a ne>ly horizontal position4 ,a lay] ( liquid or r pa/e-l solution is appli$ ) a spatula1 to a consid]able ?ickness1 & ! clo? is drawn "u a knife edge1 :i* scrapes ! solution & diffuses x equally ov] e "p ( ! clo?1 :i* may be ?irty or =ty y>ds long4 ,! clo? is !n ext5d$ out on a horizontal framework to dry2 &1 :5 dri$1 a second coat+ is appli$ 9 a simil> way2 & a ?ird & f\r? may be simil>ly appli$ if necess>y4 ,two pieces1 ?us coat$1 are next plac$ face to face ) great c>e1 to prev5t creas+ or di/ortion2 &1 be+ pass$ betwe5 two smoo? wood5 roll]s1 !y are s ?or\ghly press$ z to be made to unite durably & p]man5tly4 ,clo?1 ?us cem5t$ & d\bl$ & dri$1 may be cut & made into g>m5ts :i* w be> _m a r\gh trial1 & _m a delug+ be=e ra9 or wat] c p5etrate4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,cutt+ ,,processes4 ,x is z a %eet & z a ?read t ,india-rubb] meets its mo/ ext5sive application2 & bo? ( ^! are made by cutt+ f ! blocks & slabs4 ,a block is cut into %eets by an +5i\s ma*9e1 9 :i* a %>p knife-edge has a rapid vibratory motion 9 a horizontal plane1 s adju/$ z to cut a ?9 film f a block ( ,india-rubb] suppli$ to x by a /eady motion4 ,! knife requires to be kept cool by a fl[ ( wat]1 or x w\ld adh]e to ! ,india-rubb]4 ,9 ?is way ?9 %eets may be cut1 or ?ick] %eets f :i* /ation]s' ,india-rubb] may be obta9$1 or %eets ( any ?ickness1 great or small1 accord+ to ! purposes requir$4 ,! sep>ation ( ! mat]ial into %r$s or n>r[ /rips is a v pretty op]ation1 exhibit+ mu* nicety ( manipulation4 ,a cont9u\s /rip may be cut f a bottle or any o!r curv$ mass ( ! ,india-rubb]4 ,! bottom ( ! bottle is cut (f1 & is press$ into a r\nd & tol]ably flat =m4 ,! cake ?us fa%ion$ is fix$ to ! end ( ! horizontal %aft1 or la!-axis1 & is made to revolve ) great rapidity2 & :ile s rotat+1 a circul> knife1 rotat+ at high spe$1 cuts ?r\gh ! sub/ance1 & advances /eadily t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! disc2 !reby sep>at+ ! disc or cake into "o cont9u\s spiral ?read4 ,?is ?read c be easily drawn out /raightly1 & c ev5 be sep>at$ into two or m f9] ?reads1 by draw+ x ?r\gh a hole :]e "o or m %>p-cutt+ edges enc\nt] x4 ,if a bottle or any o!r holl[ piece ( ,india-rubb] c be drawn ov] a cyl9d] ( uni=m diamet]1 x may be cut into a cont9u\s ?read1 by a modification ( ! same ma*9e2 ! cyl9d] be+ made to revolve1 a /eel cutt] is plac$ aga9/ x1 & z ! cyl9d] has a sl[ longitud9al motion giv5 x1 ! gum is cut spirally f end to end--j on ! same pr9ciple z a worm or ?read is cut on a bit ( iron by ! screw-cutt+ ma*9e4 ,ma*9es ( ?is k9d 7 inv5t$ 9 ,france m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago2 b ! ma*9es us$ 9 our own c\ntry are ( ,engli% inv5tion & ( lat] date4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,liquid4 ,:5 once x 0 discov]$ t ,india-rubb] may be dissolv$ 9 petroleum1 9 nap?a1 or 9 oil ( turp5t9e1 x 0 spe$ily se5 t a new & ext5sive sph]e ( utility 0 giv5 to x4 ,! co>se/ pieces1 z import$1 ! wa/e f ! knead+ op]ations1 & ! p>+s & cutt+s f o!r manufactur+ op]ations1 are plac$ 9 a close iron vessel1 to :i* ! liquid solv5t is add$4 ,a brisk agitation is kept up1 & ! heat !reby g5]at$ 9 ! ela/ic gum w>ms ! liquid & increases its solv5t p[]1 until at l5g? ! :ole ( ! gum is dissolv$4 ,?is op]ation is conduct$ on a some:at ext5sive scale2 = ! iron vessel is l>ge en\gh to conta9 m ?an half a ton ( ,india-rubb]1 :i* requires ?ree days ( con/ant agitation = complete solution4 ,! liquid ?us produc$ has a consi/5cy :i* fits x to be us$ z a v>ni%1 or z a wat]-pro(+ m$ium1 or z a cem5t1 or = _m o!r purposes :i* ! sagacity & self-int]e/ ( manufactur]s h enabl$ !m to discov]4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,braids ,,& ,,webs4 ,if we glance among ! /ores ( ! ,india-rubb] manufactur]s & retail]s at ! pres5t day1 we f9d ! braids & cords1 webs & b&s1 =m no inconsid]able portion ( ! w>es expos$ = sale4 ,^!1 9 mo/ cases1 require t ! ,india-rubb] %\ld be fir/ made into blocks or cakes1 next cut into %eets1 & !n sep>at$ into ?reads1 or cords1 or n>r[ /rips4 ,suppos+ ^! prelim9>y cutt+s to be effect$1 ! mak+ ( braids & webs is exce$+ly curi\s1 = x involves a comb9ation ( ! ,india-rubb] ) o!r mat]ials4 ,let u briefly trace ! processes4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! n>r[ cords are /ret*$ by a k9d ( :eel1 & kept ext5d$ till ne>ly depriv$ ( _! ela/icity1 & till !y =m a ?read ( ! desir$ ?ickness4 ,! ?read is !n put into a braid+ ma*9e :i* is a complicat$ & v +5i\s app>atus1 :]eby a %ea?+ ( cotton1 silk1 flax1 or wor/$1 is w\nd r\nd ! ,india-rubb] ?read4 ,9 su* a ma*9e sev]al ?reads are twi/$ r\nd ea* o!r1 f ?ree to ne>ly ?irty 9 numb]2 ea* ?read has its own bobb91 & all ! bobb9s revolve r\nd a common c5tre1 giv+ out _! ?reads 9 ! proportions & ord] requir$4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! braid+ ma*9e is employ$ 9 mak+ /ay-laces1 braid1 uphol/]]s' cord1 c42 b x is also applicable to mak+ ! num]\s ela/ic cords & webs :i* owe _! ela/icity to ,india-rubb]4 ,:5 an envelope ( cotton1 silk1 flax1 or wor/$1 has be5 giv5 to ! ?read ( ,india-rubb] by ! braid+ ma*9e1 ! ?reads are laid z w>p 9 a loom1 & wov5 into ! requir$ k9d ( web1 :atev] x may be4 ,!n comes a curi\s developm5t ( ! prop]ties ( ! mat]ial2 9 ! prelim9>y /ret*+1 ! ,india-rubb] 0 made some:at /iff & unyield+2 b by n[ expos+ x to ! action ( a hot smoo?+ iron ^u a table1 ! ela/icity is re/or$1 ! rib& or web contracts 9 l5g?1 & ! %ea?+ or envelope corrugates or wr9kles up on ! surface4 ,! web ?us produc$ is v s(t & ela/ic4 ,! w>p ?reads may be alt]nat$ ) o!rs ( non-ela/ic "*2 & ! weft-?reads may be ei!r ela/ic or non-ela/ic1 s t any desir$ degree ( ela/icity may be obta9$4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,vulcaniz$4 ,:y a piece ( ,india-rubb]1 :5 x has be5 some:at modifi$ by heat & *emical action1 %\ld be deem$ vulcaniz$1 x is = ! inv5tor to say4 ,let u take ! "n simply z an expression ( a fact1 t fire or heat has be5 br\ght to be> ^u ?is sub/ance z a means ( affect+ its qualities4 ,! me?od 0 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,hancock sev5 or eight ye>s ago1 & x has be5 ! means ( giv+ a wide ext5sion to ! use ( ,india-rubb]4 ,?is vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] is 9 fact a comp\nd ( sulphur ) ! vegetable gum4 ,:5 a %eet ( ,india-rubb] is imm]s$ 9 liquid sulphur1 a m>k$ *ange takes place 9 its qualities2 ! sulphur acts ^u ! gum & comb9es ) x2 & inde$ ! two may almo/ be said to =m a new sub/ance4 ,! me?ods by :i* ! comb9ation is br\ght ab\t are v>i$1 b ! effect is 9 all cases v rem>kable4 ,! /r5g? ( ! ,india-rubb] is increas$ to an extraord9>y degree4 ,! ela/icity is r5d]$ m p]man5t1 analog\s 9 "s respects to t ( gutta-p]*a4 ,! new sub/ance w absorb ess5tial oils )\t injury1 :]eas su* oils w\ld dissolve ,india-rubb]4 ,x reta9s its prop]ties at a temp]ature s l[ t ,india-rubb] w\ld be too mu* h>d5$ = use2 & at a temp]ature s high t ,india-rubb] w\ld be de/roy$4 ,lat] exp]im5t]s h f\nd t antimony1 & _m o!r sub/ances1 may simil>ly be comb9$ ) ,india-rubb]2 & x is reasonable to expect t _m useful novelties are 9 use = u 9 ?is 8vulcaniz$0 rubb]4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,or 7,,ca\t*\c7 ,,& ,,gutta-,,p]*a--,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,crude ,,mat]ials4 ,mu* ignorance exi/s 9 relation to ! intr9sic m]its ( gutta-p]*a & ,india-rubb]4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t !re is s little diff]5ce t x is h>dly p]ceptible1 & t ! "o or ! o!r may be us$ = ! same purposes1 ) ! same results4 ,9 ord] to correct ?is impression & convey an intellig5t idea ( _! relative prop]ties1 we "h give an analysis ( ! two gums3 ,gutta-p]*a :5 imm]s$ 9 boil+ wat] contracts consid]ably 9 bulk1 :il/ ,india rubb]1 :5 imm]s$ 9 boil+ wat]1 exp&s & v mat]ially increases 9 bulk4 ,gutta-p]*a juice also is ( a d>k br[n color1 & consolidates 9 a few mom5ts aft] exud+ f ! tree1 :5 x becomes ab\t z h>d z wood4 ,india-rubb] sap1 on ! contr>y1 is p]fectly :ite1 & ( ab\t ! consi/5cy ( ?ick cream2 :5 x coagulates x gives f f\r to six p>ts wat] out ( t54 ,gutta-p]*a fir/ treat$ ) wat]1 alcohol1 & e!r1 & !n dissolv$ ) spirits ( turp5t9e & precipitat$1 yields a sub/ance consi/5t ) ! common prop]ties ( gutta-p]*a2 b ,india-rubb] simil>ly treat$1 results 9 a sub/ance resembl+ 9 appe>ance ! gum arabic4 ,gutta-p]*a by di/illation yields #eg p] c5t4 ( volatile matt]2 ,india-rubb] by ! same process1 yields #he p] c5t4 ,india-rubb]1 or ca\t*\c1 is produc$ f a milk-:ite sap tak5 *iefly f ! ,sephonca ,cahuca tree1 aft]w>ds coagulat$1 & ! :ey press$ out or dri$ (f by heat--! residue is ! ,india-rubb] ( comm]ce4 ,gutta-p]*a is produc$ f ! ,ison&ra1 or ,gutta tree2 is ( a br[ni% color1 & :5 expos$ to air1 soon solidifies1 & =ms ! gutta-p]*a ( comm]ce4 ,india-rubb] ( comm]ce1 is ( a s(t1 gummy nature1 n v t5aci\s1 & a/oni%+ly ela/ic4 ,gutta-p]*a ( comm]ce is a fibr\s mat]ial1 mu* resembl+ ! inn] coat+ ( :ite oak b>k1 is extremely t5aci\s1 & )\t ela/icity1 or mu* flexibility4 ,india-rubb]1 :5 once r$uc$ to a liquid /ate by heat1 appe>s l t>1 & is unfit = fur!r manufacture4 ,gutta-p]*a may be melt$ & cool$ any numb] ( times1 )\t injury = future manufacture4 ,india-rubb]1 by com+ 9 contact ) oil or o!r fatty sub/ances1 is soon decompos$ & ru9$ = future use4 ,gutta-p]*a is n injur$ by com+ 9 contact ) oil or o!r fatty sub/ances--9 fact "o good use ( x is = oil cans4 ,india-rubb] is soon ru9$ = future use1 if br\ght 9 contact ) sulphuric1 muriatic1 & o!r acids4 ,gutta-p]*a resi/s ! action ( sulphuric1 muriatic1 & ne>ly all o!r acids--9 fact "o great use ( x is = acid vats1 c41 & o!r vessels = hold+ acids4 ,india-rubb] is a conductor ( heat1 cold & electricity4 ,gutta-p]*a is a non-conductor ( electricity1 z well z ( heat & cold4 ,india-rubb]1 9 its crude /ate1 :5 expos$ to ! action ( boil+ wat]1 increases 9 bulk1 does n lose its ela/ic prop]ties1 & _c be m\ld$4 ,gutta-p]*a1 9 its crude /ate1 :5 expos$ to ! action ( boil+ wat]1 contracts & becomes s(t l d\gh or pa/e1 & may !n be m\ld$ to any %ape--:i* %ape x w reta9 :5 cool4 ,india-rubb] is vulcaniz$ to r$uce its ela/icity & give x m firmness ?an is natural to ! crude mat]ial4 ,india-rubb]1 vulcaniz$1 is n s p]fectly a repell5t ( wat]1 z be=e be+ vulcaniz$4 ,india-rubb] is n a p]fect repell5t ( wat]1 b is m or less absorb5t1 accord+ to quality4 ,gutta-p]*a has an exce$+ly f9e gra91 & its oily prop]ty makes x a p]fect repell5t ( liquids1 oils1 acids1 & all oleag9\s sub/ances1 s t :5 unit$ to tann$ lea!r1 ! oil 9 ! lea!r w n affect ! adhesive prop]ties ( ! gutta-p]*a4 ,:]eas oil 9 lea!r w decompose any ,india-rubb] cem5t t may be appli$ to x4 ,pure gutta-p]*a is )\t smell or disagreeable odor1 & :5ev] x is f\nd to produce any b a p]fectly sweet odor1 x arises f its impurities1 & may be reg>d$ z a te/ ( its quality4 ,india-rubb] :5 vulcaniz$ has an odor ab\t x v disagreeable4 ,x w decompose1 become /icky l t>1 & mu* ( x becomes entirely useless4 ,x is vulcaniz$ to r$uce its ela/icity & give x m firmness ?an is natural to ! crude mat]ial1 & :5 expos$ to friction1 ev5 aft] vulcanization1 x rolls up a dirty1 /icky mass4 ,! =ego+ analysis is s simple & cle>1 t ! att5tive read] w at once compreh5d ! natural z well z *emical diff]5ces exi/+ 9 gutta-p]*a & ,india-rubb]1 be+ n only *emically1 b me*anically & comm]cially diff]5t4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,/ock4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! lea!r = out] soles1 aft] x has be5 /ripp$ up 9 ! common =m1 remove all ! loose fle% by skiv+ or splitt+1 or any o!r process4 ,! /ock %\ld be ?or\ghly dry4 ,!n raise a ?ick & ev5 fibre on ! fle% side1 7rememb]+ always1 t ! adhesive quality is 9 proportion to ! ?ickness ( ! fibre7 ) a common c>d or rasp1 or o!r conv5i5t tool4 ,! cem5t %\ld be appli$ hot1 ) a co>se pa9t bru%1 z ev5ly z possible1 !n expose ! lea!r to dry air a day or two1 9 ord] to all[ ! solv5t to evaporate4 ,if ! fir/ coat is too ?91 apply a second 9 ! same mann]1 until ! lea!r is well coat$4 ,!n ! lea!r %\ld be aga9 expos$1 z be=e1 until completely dry4 ,x may !n be wet 9 wat]1 9 ! usual =m1 until prop]ly temp]$ or prep>$4 ,! lea!r is !n 9 a condition to be roll$1 or hamm]$4 ,if hamm]$ x %\ld be fir/ cut up into soles4 ,if roll$ x may be plac$ 9 a cutt+ ma*9e1 & cut up 9 ! usual =m4 ,sole lea!r is cut to ! be/ advantage by h&s ) ! prop] patt]ns1 or 8dies40 ,aft] ! soles are prop]ly r\nd$ to ! desir$ patt]n1 = all ?9 edg$ "w ! cem5t %\ld be fea!r$g$1 f ! edge ( ! sole at a prop] di/ance1 9 ord] to secure a good f9i%4 ,?is process prev5ts ! cem5t f adh]+ or /ick+ to ! upp]1 :5 ! sole is press$ on4 ,,middle ,,soles1 ,,& ,,spur1 ,,or ,,spr+ ,,lifts4 ,aft] !y h be5 prop]ly fitt$1 ready = use z 9 ! common =m1 ! p>ts %\ld be dri$ & a ?ick fibre rais$1 z be=e describ$ = ! out] sole1 only t a fibre %\ld be rais$ on bo? sides1 z w be readily und]/ood4 ,cem5t on bo? sides4 ,?is process may be done be=e cutt+ into soles or lifts1 at ! option ( ! manufactur]4 ,,to ,,prep>e ,,9-,,soles4 ,cut f ?9 lea!r skirt+ or %av+s4 ,aft] prop]ly fitt+ to ! patt]n or la/1 ! edges ( ! 9-sole %\ld be r$uc$ to a prop] ?ickness4 ,a /rong fibre %\ld be rais$ on ! side on :i* ! cem5t is to be appli$1 ! /ock be+ previ\sly dry4 ,!n cem5t z be=e4 ,"o coat is suffici5t if ! cem5t is ?ick4 ,if n1 spread aga9 ^u ! edge1 z t portion ( ! sole %\ld receive ! ?icke/ coat+1 = ! purpose ( hold+1 ) great firmness ! l9+s or upp]1 :5 la/$1 z ! %oe may require4 ,,to ,,prep>e ,,c\nt]s ,,or ,,/iff5+s4 ,aft] prop]ly fitt+ & dry+1 cem5t on bo? sides ( ! l[] edges1 correspond+ to ! cem5t$ portion ( ! l9+ or 8upp]40 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,/ock ,,= ,,clo? ,,%oes4--,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,upp] ,,/ock4 ,fir/ cem5t ! l9+s on bo? sides entirely ar\nd1 z f> z !y are to be drawn ov] ! edge ( ! la/4 ,!n cem5t inside ( upp]1 to correspond ) ! cem5t$ portion ( ! l9+s4 ,place !m 9 position = dry+1 s t ! cem5t %all n be br\ght 9 contact ) any o!r "p ( ! upp]4 ,9 ord] to facilitate ! cem5t+ process1 ! upp]s or l9+s1 may be s pack$ or plac$1 ! "o ^u ! o!r1 t l>ge quantities may be cem5t$ at ! same "t4 ,?is %\ld be done be=e b9d+4 ,,to ,,prep>e ,,upp]s ,,made ,,( ,,any ,,description ,,( ,,lea!r1 ,,or ,,"p ,,lea!r ,,& ,,clo?4 ,! l9+s1 7if any are us$71 %\ld be cem5t$ z describ$ = ! clo? %oe4 ,! inside ( ! lea!r portion or p>ts ( ! upp] %\ld be made z fibr\s z possible4 ,!n apply ! cem5t z describ$ = l9+s4 ,:5 fully dry !y are ready = la/+4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,la/+4 ,! process ( la/+ is simple & may be done ) great despat*1 :5 all p>ts ( ! /ock compos+ ! %oe or boot are prop]ly prep>$1 accord+ to in/ructions4 ,tack ! 9-sole on ! la/1 place x 9 ! 8,improv$ ,heat]10 or o!r dry+ app>atus1 ! heat be+ ab\t #afj ,fahr5heit1 9 :i* place ! c\nt] or /iff5+4 ,all[ x to rema9 9 = two or ?ree m9utes1 until ! cem5t has s(t5$ some:at4 ,at ! same "t place ! upp] inside1 or on ! top ( ! 8,heat]40 ,heat c>efully1 b slightly1 until ! cem5t becomes tacky4 ,!n tack ! inn] sole on ! la/1 on :i* place ! upp]4 ,la/ ov] ! l9+s1 put on ! c\nt]1 press ov] ev5ly1 !n draw ! upp] ov] neatly & smoo?ly to its prop] position4 ,great c>e mu/ be obs]v$ 9 la/+ ov] ! l9+ or upp]1 to remove all unev5ness4 ,on clo? upp]s1 all ! sup]flu\s /ock ar\nd ! heel & toe1 may be remov$ ) scissors1 on lea!r upp]s ) a knife 9 ! usual =m4 ,at ! same "t press1 rub1 or hamm] ea* "p t x may be reta9$ firmly & ev5ly 9 its prop] position4 ,if ! upp]s are small1 tacks may be us$ to hold ea* "p 9 its place4 ,9 su* cases1 d n remove ! tacks until ! cem5t is cold4 ,if dur+ ! op]ation ( la/+1 ! cem5t$ surfaces become too cool to /ick firmly1 heat aga9 ov] ! 8,heat]40 ,!n hamm] ! p>ts lightly4 ,! la/+ ?us prep>$1 7if :olly ( clo?7 are n[ ready = ! cem5t4 ,if ! upp] is "p lea!r1 ! lea!r portion t is drawn ov] ! edge ( ! la/1 mu/ h its gra9 or enamell$ surface remov$ z 9 ,pat5t lea!r4 ,?is out] surface %\ld be v c>efully remov$ ) a rasp or knife4 ,a rasp is pref]r$ z x leaves a desirable fibre4 ,! gra9 ?us remov$ %\ld ext5d no f>!r ?an ! edge ( ! inn] sole4 ,! %oe is n[ ready = ! cem5t4 ,,cem5t+ ,,process ,,aft] ,,la/+4 ,! cem5t %\ld be spread on ! inn] sole1 & ! edges ( ! upp] t are la/$ ov]1 smoo?ly & ev5ly1 to ! edge ( ! 9-sole1 & no f>!r4 ,place ! %oe or boot to dry 9 su* a position z %all prev5t ! cem5t f runn+1 or spread+ ov] o!r portions ( ! %oe4 ,"o coat ( ?ick cem5t is usually suffici5t4 ,b ?ick clo? ( v>i\s descriptions1 z ,felt+1 ,pilot clo?1 etc41 w require a d\ble coat+4 ,also "s k9ds ( lea!r1 z bucksk91 x be+ v por\s on its surface4 ,all ! fibres %\ld be fully saturat$ ) ! cem5t2 ! solv5t ( ! cem5t %\ld be entirely dri$ out1 or evaporat$1 be=e putt+ on ! out] sole4 ,if ! solv5t is n entirely remov$ ! cem5tation soon decomposes4 ,! dry+ process is all-important4 ,,directions ,,= ,,apply+ ,,?ick ,,or ,,?9 ,,soles ,,to ,,%oes ,,& ,,boots4 ,fir/ x mu/ be rememb]$1 t all heavy or ?ick soles %\ld be fir/ wet 9 w>m wat]1 ?us s(t5+ !m1 s t !y c be easily =m$ to ! %oe4 ,!n wipe dry f ! cem5t$ surface1 place !m 9 ! 8,heat]10 7or o!r suitable heat+ ov517 ) ! o!r portions ( ! /ock t are requir$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! %oe or boot4 ,place ! %oe ^u ! 8,heat]0 all[+ x to rema9 only long en\gh to melt ! cem5t2 !n if ! %oe be a 8spr+ heel10 place x 7! heel7 ^u ! %oe4 ,if = a d\ble sole1 place ! middle sole 9 its place1 !n ! out] sole4 ,hamm] & rub d[n firmly1 s z to exclude all ! air4 ,keep !m 9 ?is condition by wett+ slightly ) cold wat]1 ) a sponge1 until !y are firmly unit$ & cold4 ,?9 /ock does n require wett+4 ,?is be+ done1 ! %oes are ready = ! f9i%]4 ,! f9i%] may wet ! soles by soak+ !m 9 cold wat]1 provid+ ! upp] /ock is n injur$ !reby1 z w\ld be ! case 9 bronz$ or delicate /ock4 ,9 su* cases let !m be c>efully wet ) a sponge4 ,!y c !n be f9i%$ 9 ! desir$ /yle4 ,by us+ due c>e1 & foll[+ ! directions z laid d[n1 any /yle ( boot or %oe may be put toge!r1 f ! co>se/ brogan1 to ! f9e/ kid /ock ( any color1 enamell$ lea!r1 9 %ort1 all classes ( /ock )\t any damage to any portion !re(4 ,also all k9ds ( clo?1 f ! co>se/ ,felt+ or ,pilot clo?1 to ! f9e/ & mo/ delicate sat9s4 ,all may be made 9 a sup]ior /yle )\t ! lea/ defect4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,f9i%+4 ,sometimes by accid5t1 !re is se5 "s cem5t press$ out1 adh]+ to ! upp]1 caus$ by fitt+ ! sole too full1 or press+ ov] too f>4 ,9 su* cases x c be readily remov$ aft] ! sole has be5 prop]ly wet1 by ! use ( a ?ick knife4 ,its edges mu/ be r\nd & smoo? s t x w n cut or m> ! upp]4 ,w>m ! knife suffici5tly to s(t5 ! cem5t1 !n ! out] sole may be set (f f ! upp] at a prop] di/ance1 suffici5tly to p>e ! edge neatly 9 f9i%+4 ,caution4--,great c>e mu/ be us$ 9 ! use ( ! w>m knife4 ,if too hot1 x burns ! lea!r upp]4 ,! f9i%] w soon le>n ! precise heat requir$4 ,hav+ giv5 full in/ructions conc]n+ ! manufacture ( ! gutta-p]*a cem5t$ %oe1 we w n[ proce$ to ! process ( repair+ e description ( boots & %oes1 pegg$1 sew$1 or cem5t$4 ,a discov]y ( great practical importance involv+ *eapness1 lightness1 quickness & wond]ful durability1 r5d]+ !m wat]-pro( on ! sole1 ?us af=d+ a protection aga9/ wet1 or dampness to ! mo/ delicate %oe2 an invaluable consid]ation :5 we rememb] t ! prim>y cause ( n9e-t5?s ( ! colds t are exp]i5c$1 arise f damp or wet feet1 :i* _c be prev5t$ by ! old process4 ,e consid]ate m9d mu/ ackn[l$ge ! great advantage ?us ga9$ by ! wat]-pro( sole4 ,! sole ?us prep>$ be+ a non-conductor ( heat1 ! %oe reta9s its w>m?1 no matt] h[ damp or cold ! surface ( ! e>? may be4 ,%oes or boots ?us prep>$ may be emphatically d5om9at$ 8heal? pres]v]s40 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,prep>+ ,,taps ,,or ,,soles ,,= ,,repair+4 ,fir/ to prep>e lea!r taps1 fit !m 9 ! usual mann]1 by 8skiv+0 or %av+ (f ! prop] portions ( ! sole or tap to ! desir$ ?9ness4 ,! /ock be+ p]fectly dry1 next raise a ?ick fibre1 & cem5t z be=e describ$1 = out] soles1 ,z a rule ! cem5t w dry 9 ! space ( an h\r1 or ev5 9 mu* less "t1 if desir$4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,prep>+ ,,! ,,boot1 ,,or ,,%oe1 ,,to ,,be ,,repair$4 ,%ave (f ! v>i\s portions 9 ! usual mann] ( repair+4 ,! soles %\ld be clean & dry4 ,n[ raise a /rong fibre1 ) a rasp or c>d1 !n cem5t ! loose or brok5 p>ts ( ! old sole1 if any1 fully4 ,:5 dry1 ! sole or tap be+ 9 ! same condition ( dryness1 prop]ly heat !m 9 ! 8,heat]10 z describ$ = putt+ on ! out] sole4 ,hamm] & rub !m s t ! tap %all unite firmly to ! %oe4 ,let !m rema9 until cool1 say f f\r to six m9utes4 ,!n wet & f9i% z be=e describ$4 ,x is desirable to h a quantity ( taps on h&1 ready = use :5 want$4 ,/ock ?us prep>$ w be sure to adh]e1 if prop]ly put on1 until worn (f1 unless remov$ by improp] exposure to heat4 ,boots or %oes made1 or repair$ by ?is process1 are made to be worn1 n roa/$ & burnt1 z is too (t5 ! case1 by ! reckless & imprud5t4 ,! feet may be w>m$ z ?or\ghly1 & ev5 m s1 ) ! gutta-p]*a cem5t$ %oe1 z ) ! common pegg$ or sew$ %oe4 ,yet c>e mu/ be us$ n to heat ! %oe to ! injury ( ! lea!r4 ,p]sons we>+ ^! %oes w soon le>n t !y seldom require to be w>m$1 z ! soles reta9 ! heat mu* long] ?an ! common %oe4 ,h5ce1 :5ev] x becomes necess>y to w>m ! feet1 mu* less heat is requir$1 & less "t 9 w>m+ !m4 ,,h9ts ,,to ,,repair]s ,,( ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes4 ,repair]s ( ! gutta-p]*a cem5t$ %oes w soon f9d t gutta-p]*a = a cem5t1 is f> sup]ior to ! old me?od1 = all k9ds ( repair+4 ,all ! ?9 /ock or bits ( lea!r c be cem5t$ = taps1 lifts1 c\nt]s1 or = any o!r purpose1 & work$ up to ! be/ advantage to all conc]n$4 ,he c apply lea!r1 or %eet gutta-p]*a = soles or taps1 ( any ?ickness desir$4 ,,important ,,facts ,,= ,,manufactur]s4 ,v>i\s comp\nds ( fibr\s sub/ances c be us$ & made by mix+ & gr9d+ gutta-p]*a ) ! foll[+ sub/ances1 betwe5 heat$ roll]s4 ,artificial lea!r may be made by roll+ & mix+ saw-du/ ( any k9d1 or o!r fibr\s sub/ance1 ) gutta-p]*a1 z *opp$ t[1 flax1 juto1 cotton wa/e1 etc41 etc4 ,take maple saw-du/1 two p>ts1 gutta-p]*a "o "p4 ,?is comp\nd ?us prep>$1 w resemble oak-tann$ lea!r4 ,= ! gutta-p]*a cem5t$ %oe1 ?is lea!r is consid]$ z be+ f> sup]ior to any lea!r 9 use1 be+ m durable1 & leav+ no wa/e1 z all scraps c be aga9 mix$ & roll$ z at fir/4 ,! m x is mix$ & roll$ ! bett] x becomes4 ,mahogany saw-du/1 or o!r r$-wood saw-du/1 mix$ & prep>$ z be=e1 w produce an article resembl+ r$ sole lea!r1 or hemlock tann$4 ,= repair+ %oes1 ^! comp\nds1 or artificial lea!r1 is sup]ior to common lea!r1 z x c be m\ld$ & heat$ & appli$ at once1 )\t ! prep>ation requir$ 9 common lea!r4 ,x is1 !re=e1 simply to heat & apply1 z ! gutta-p]*a is ?or\ghly mix$ & ready = use2 or x may be m\ld$ into heels1 9 a solid =m1 & !n appli$4 ,,comp\nds ,,= ,,heels ,,( ,,%oes ,,or ,,boots4 ,take two p>ts gutta-p]*a1 "o "p s&1 gr\nd fl9t or granite1 mix !m well by pass+ betwe5 heat$ roll]s4 ,x is n[ ready to be m\ld$ into heels1 & w produce an article ( wond]ful durability4 ,! comp\nds may be v>i$ to suit ! fancy ( ! manufactur]4 ,! proportions may be v>i$ by mix+ a portion ( saw-du/1 or o!r fibr\s sub/ance4 ,heels ?us made are exce$+ly *eap1 & w out-we> ! firme/ lea!r4 ,x w n[ be obs]v$1 t we h processes = ! manufactur+ ( a purely vegetable lea!r1 f> sup]ior to any o!r1 at "o-?ird ! price--:i* w n decompose 9 any latitude1 & is n affect$ by atmosph]ic *anges--is p]fectly sweet1 & may be worn at any "t1 ?r\gh heat or cold1 wet or dry--?r\gh acids or oily comb9ations1 ) entire safety4 ,,v>i\s ,,fibr\s ,,comp\nds ,,= ,,9-,,soles1 ,,/iff5+s ,,or ,,c\nt]s1 ,,= ,,all ,,descriptions ,,( ,,cem5t$ ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes4 ,may be made by ! same process z ! artificial lea!r1 & roll$ to any requir$ ?ickness4 ,^! comp\nds make ! be/ c\nt]s = all k9ds ( cem5t$ boots & %oes1 z !y are wat] pro(1 & easily fitt$ & m\ld$ to ! %oe1 aft] be+ prop]ly w>m$ 9 ! 8,heat]40 ,old sail clo?1 or cotton fabrics ( e description1 t may h become useless = any o!r purpose1 make good 9-soles1 by roll+ !reon a ?9 %eet ( gutta-p]*a1 & may be comb9$ to any requir$ ?ickness4 ,gutta-p]*a may be appli$ to all k9ds ( pa/ebo>d1 /raw-bo>d1 co>se pap] or clo?1 ?us =m+ a *eap & conv5i5t wat]-pro(+4 ,?is may be done by simply spread+ ! w>m gutta-p]*a ^u its surfaces4 ,aft] ! cem5t has be5 submitt$ to a dry+ process ( a few h\rs1 x %\ld !n be subject$ to a heat ( ab\t #ahj = ! space ( five m9utes4 ,?is process completely expels ! solv5t1 at ! same "t causes ! cem5t to p5etrate ! sub/ance ^u :i* x is spread4 ,?is mat]ial = l9+s & cov]+s ( boxes1 or boxes made ( heavy co>se pap] ?us prep>$ = pack+ boots & %oes1 all k9ds ( f9e goods1 m$ic9es1 vegetable comp\nds1 highly f9i%$ tools1 etc41 may be ?us %ipp$ on long voyages1 & subject$ to damp1 mildew1 & decomposition1 ) ! utmo/ safety4 ,edges ( boxes may be cem5t$ toge!r ) gutta-p]*a by a w>m iron1 precisely l ! sold]+ process4 ,common pap] boxes may be made wat]-pro( by ! process j describ$4 ,! clo? or pap] ?us prep>$1 =ms an excell5t wat]-pro( l9+ = trunks1 valises1 or *e/s4 ,/\t clo? ?us prep>$ may be made into tubes = convey+ wat] to all p>ts ( ! h\se1 or f ! spr+ to ! h\se4 ,wat] ?us conduct$ rema9s z pure & sweet z :5 tak5 f ! spr+1 & ! tube is lit]ally inde/ructible by all ord9>y ag5cies4 ,excell5t speak+ tubes may be ?us prep>$ at a trifl+ exp5se4 ,,practical ,,h9ts4 ,gutta-p]*a may be mix$ & gr\nd toge!r ) almo/ an endless v>iety ( sub/ances1 :i* sub/ances are usually reg>d$ z ( little or no value 9 !mselves2 b be+ comb9$ ) gutta-p]*a1 are ?us trans=m$ into valuable articles ( me*anical manufacture4 ,mu* ( ! gutta-p]*a :i* is introduc$ into ! m>ket is no?+ b a mixture ( dirt1 b>k1 & m9]al sub/ances1 :i* entirely de/roy its value4 ,great c>e %\ld !re=e be obs]v$ 9 its selection1 z its purity makes its value4 ,gutta-p]*a mu/ be mix$ or comb9$ ) :at may be d5om9at$ imp]i%able sub/ances1 or sub/ances :i* ! gutta-p]*a r5d]s imp]i%able4 ,9 _m ( its comb9ations f\nd 9 comm]ce1 x is entirely de/roy$ & ! manufactur$ article made wor?less4 ,9 v _m in/ances :i* h come to our k1 boots & %oes h be5 ?us r5d]$ ( little or no value1 & 7 ju/ly return$ to ! manufactur]s4 ,kid & lea!r %oes1 ) bak$ or burnt upp] /ock1 & comb9ations ( rubb] cem5t1 rot or decompose ! fibres ( all clo? or lea!r to :i* x is appli$ t conta9s any oleag9\s sub/ances4 ,?us kid & lea!r %oes1 ) bak$ or burnt upp] /ock1 & comb9ations ( ,,rubb] cem5t1 :i* rot or decompose ! fibres ( all clo? or lea!r1 :i* conta9 any oleag9\s sub/ance to :i* x is appli$1 h be5 ?r[n ^u ! m>ket1 ?us produc+ a prejudice 9 "s m9ds1 & de/roy+ confid5ce 9 _! utility4 ,9 ,engl& & ,france1 :]e ! use ( gutta-p]*a is bett] und]/ood & appreciat$1 x has be5 us$ 9 its application to %oes = sev]al ye>s4 ,gutta-p]*a soles are prep>$ to suit ! v>i\s sizes ( boots or %oes1 & are ?us sold 9 packages4 ,prep>$ cem5t 9 small boxes ) directions is an article g5]ally = sale4 ,?us any p]son c m5d 8 %oes )\t ! aid ( ! cobbl]4 ,! process is exce$+ly simple1 ! sole requir+ only to be w>m$ & press$ ^u ! %oe ) ! h&4 ,?\s&s are ?us enabl$1 especially 9 ! manufactur+ di/ricts ( ^? l>ge comm]cial c5tres1 to m5d _! own %oes at less ?an "o-half ! usual co/1 & 9 a mu* sup]ior mann]4 ,=eign]s1 on arriv+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 are greatly surpris$ at our lack ( ent]prise 9 ?is direction1 & l\dly call = ! gutta-p]*a taps1 especially aft] us+ ! mis]able1 half-tann$1 & poorly made1 sew$ or pegg$ tra%1 :i* is s abundant1 quantities ( :i* are s5t to our ,s\!rn & ,we/]n m>kets4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ by ! anecdote ( a ,s\!rn negro1 :o1 hav+ worn a pair ( ^! *eap1 r\ghly-con/ruct$ brogans1 & f9d+ !m fall+ to pieces1 said to 8 ma/]1 8,:at make ^! %oes come to pieces s soon80 8,:y10 said ! ma/]1 9 reply1 8^? %oes gr[ at ! ,ea/ on trees40 8,is dat x1 massa2 well1 d5 dese 0 pick$ be=e dey 0 ripe40 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,h9ts ,,& ,,in/ructions ,,on ,,cutt+ ,,patt]n ,,= ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes ,,( ,,e ,,description4 ,x is well kn[n to all %oe manufactur]s1 t great difficulty & tr\ble is con/antly aris+ = ! lack ( "s /&>d sy/em ( measurem5t1 :i* %all enable ! workman :o is dep5d5t simply ^u 8 own unaid$ labors = a livelihood1 or ! manufactur] :o employs _m 8h&s10 to cut out _! own patt]ns4 ,z x n[ is1 !re are 8patt]n cutt]s0 to :om ! workman mu/ apply = 8 sizes & patt]ns1 !reby subject+ him to exp5se & loss ( "t4 ,9 ord] t all ob/acles ( t nature may be obviat$ & a reliable sy/em or plan ( cutt+ patt]ns be introduc$1 we h]e) submit a sy/em = cutt+ diagrams1 or patt]ns ( boots & %oes4 ,! plan is simple1 sci5tific1 correct4 ,= ^? ^: exp]i5ce has be5 limit$1 ?is me?od w be a p]fect key to ! my/]ies ( patt]n cutt+4 ,! great desid]atum ) all boot & %oe mak]s1 is to con/ruct a neat1 com=table1 well-fitt+ boot or %oe1 s t 9 all cases !y %all fit ! foot4 ,?is c only be done by hav+ ! la/ made to fit ! foot prop]ly1 & ! upp] cut to fit ! la/4 ,boots & %oes are usually cut1 & la/s are made1 to suit ! eye1 ! fancy1 :ims1 or traditions ( manufactur]s1 z !y are ! responsible p>ties1 z f !m all 8ord]s0 emanate4 ,ask ! manufactur] :y ! la/s are made crook$ on ! bottom--:y holl[ ! %anks equally on bo? sides--:y make a holl[ on ! outside ( ! la/ affect a fulness on ! foot--:y make ! inn] ball /raight1 :5 9 ! foot x is always r\nd4 ,no satisfactory answ] c be giv54 ,are ^! unnatural de=mities requir$ to make a well fitt+ boot or %oe8 ,:y n make ! la/ ! natural %ape1 & let ! %ank rema9 firm & solid8 ,if ! la/ is made 9 p]fect con=mity to ! foot1 all p>ts ( ! boot or %oe w\ld !n rema9 9 _! prop] positions1 natural & easy to ! foot4 ,s f> z our obs]vation ext5ds1 !re is no e/abli%$ pr9ciple 9 con/ruct+ la/s1 z !re is no con=mity z a g5]al ?+1 to ! %ape ( ! foot4 ,?is fault does n atta* to ! la/ mak]1 b to ^? :o ord] !m4 ,z a rule1 we may say1 all la/s %\ld be made ne>ly /raight on ! bottom4 ,! ball on bo? sides %\ld be equally di/ant f a longitud9al l9e drawn f ! c5tre ( ! toes to ! c5tre ( ! heel4 ,z ! foot indicates1 ! inn] %ank %\ld be =m$ by r\nd+ x f beh9d ! l>ge toe ball1 & ne> x & =w>d to ! heel seat1 & two-?irds across x1 pass+ ! c5tre ( ! la/1 leav+ ! outside %ank full & prop]ly r\nd$ to fit ! foot4 ,all p>ts ( ! la/ %\ld con=m to ! %ape & ?ickness ( ! foot4 ,= ladies' la/s1 ! spr+ ( ! toes & bottom ( ! la/ %\ld be s concave z to give p]fect ease & re/ to ! foot :5 /&+1 z se5 9 ,fig4 ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #b4 repres5ts a la/ 9 common use2 ! upw>d c\rse f ! c5tre ( ! heel to ! back portion ( ! heel1 places x on an incl9$ plane1 ?us always press+ ! foot =w>d1 & p9*+ ! toes1 until f cont9u\s pressure1 ! heel seat gives way & ! /it*es or pegs />t at e /ep4 ,= ladies' high-heel$ boots1 see ,fig4 ,no4 #c4 ,by ! horizontal & p]p5dicul> l9e ( ! la/1 z repres5t$1 ! foot is at re/4 ,! slight curve prev5ts ! foot f press+ =w>d1 at ! same "t ! ela/ic takes its prop] position1 ?us all[+ ! boot to be drawn on ) ease1 & to be worn ) com=t4 ,no4 #d4 repres5ts a boot once v mu* 9 use1 & ev5 at ! pres5t1 frequ5tly se54 ,! we>] /&s & walks1 x w be obs]v$1 ^u an incl9$ plane4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,see page #ha4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,see page #ha4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,see page #ha4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,see page #ha4 ,e /ep presses ! foot =w>d1 caus+ ! %oe to slip up at ! heel1 & always cr[d+ ! front portion ( ! foot & toes into a mo/ uncom=table position4 ,?us caus+ great pressure on ! upp] portion ( ! foot2 if ! foot is ( a side-lace cut1 ! lac+s are /ra9$1 torn1 or brok5 by ! cont9u$ ef=ts ( ! foot to br+ ! upp]1 & sole1 to ! natural position ( ! foot4 ,%oes ?us cut1 & made on su* la/s are almo/ inv>iably b5t 9 ! %ank 9 ord] to conceal ! ignorance ( ! manufactur] or design]4 ,b ! foot is sure to betray ! de=mity ( ! la/ & ! cut ( ! upp]s4 ,boots & %oes ?us made are lit]ally spoil$1 unless ! we>] c keep ! ankle back to an angle ( =ty or =ty-five degrees1 :i* is ! position ( ! foot :5 ?r[n =w>d1 :ile 9 a sitt+ position4 ,no4 #e4 repres5ts a side view ( a lady's la/ = high-heel$ boots1 & its block4 ,! blocks are *ang$ to give any desir$ fulness on ! same la/s4 ,! blocks are repres5t$ 9 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,mr4 ,john ,kimball fir/ inv5t$ & introduc$ !m to ! public 9 #ahbg4 ,s9ce t p]iod !y h cont9u$ 9 g5]al use1 giv+ ! mo/ p]fect satisfaction bo? 9 /yle & com=t4 ,! practical utility ( ,mr4 ,kimball's sy/em is ( ! highe/ importance to ! %oe deal] & manufactur]4 ,x is equally cle> t ! same sy/em %\ld be adopt$ = m5s' & boys' la/s s z to indicate ! dim5sions ( boots or %oes by ! use ( a s+le lett] ( ! alphabet4 ,! me*anical "p ( ! above m5tion$ sy/em has be5 p]=m$ 9 a v fai?ful & workman-l mann] by ,mr4 ,jo%ua ,hit*+s1 ( ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,! lett]s us$ by ,mr4 ,kimball to indicate ! wid? ( soles & la/s are1 ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f4 ,if a wid] la/ is want$ x w\ld be call$ ,g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,see page #hf4 ,9 tak+ ! measures ( ! foot1 ! tailors' tape is ! be/1 z x is non-ela/ic4 ,great c>e %\ld always be us$ 9 tak+ measurem5ts4 ,9 tak+ ! l5g? ( ! foot1 x %\ld re/ ev5ly ^u ! size-/ick1 ! weight ( ! body be+ ab\t equal 9 its position4 ,9 tak+ ! measure = ! heel1 place ! end ( ! tape on ! curve ( ! in/ep1 & pass x ar\nd ! end ( ! heel back to ! c5tre or />t+ po9t2 !n place ! end ( ! tape ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* =w>d ( ! curve ( ! in/ep1 pass x ov] ! prom95ce ( ! foot1 entirely ar\nd x2 next place ! tape on ! ball ( ! l>ge toe1 pass x ov] ! ball ( ! small toe ar\nd to />t+ po9t4 ,^! are ! common measurem5ts4 ,sometimes de=mities ( ! foot require v>iations on acc\nt ( corns1 etc4 ,,fitt+ ,,up ,,la/s ,,to ,,! ,,measurem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,foot4 ,= *ildr51 & y\?s1 cut & fit !m up full to ! measure1 & 9 "s cases full]4 ,= boys & misses1 fit full4 ,= ladies fit closely1 & be guid$ by ! foot1 r ?an ! fa%ion1 or :at is t]m$ 8/yle20 fit ! heel full1 ! in/ep half an in* less ?an ! measure1 & mo/ ( ! o!r measures "o-qu>t] ( an in* less4 ,= ,ox=dties1 fit !m "o-qu>t] ( an in* less ?an measure2 ! same = %oes ) long qu>t]s4 ,= %ort qu>t]s1 z brogans1 c41 fit ov] ! in/ep full 9 ord] to produce ease4 ,= co>se boots fit up full to all p>ts ( ! measure2 = kip boots if ?91 "o-qu>t] ( an in* less ?an ! measure1 b 9 all cases be guid$ by ! h>dness & ?ickness ( ! upp]4 ,9 g5tlem5's f9e boots1 = all p>ts1 let ta/e & fa%ion be y\r guide 9 l5g?1 toes1 c4 ,fit ! heel up full to ! measure1 & all o!r p>ts snugly to ! foot2 be guid$ by flexibility or h>dness ( ! foot1 mak+ all due all[ance = t5d] p>ts1 corns1 call\ses1 or roll+ ( ! small toes1 & fulness ( great toe jo9ts1 by fitt+ a piece on ! la/ 9 ! prop] position & %ape1 to correspond to ! v>iations z above4 ,,cutt+ ,,boot ,,patt]ns4 ,op9ions conc]n+ ! cutt+ ( boots are v num]\s4 ,!re seems to be little or no uni=mity 9 ! sy/em ( cutt+4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,c4 ,%ire1 ( ,bloomsbury1 ,pa41 receiv$ a pat5t = a boot-draft+1 cutt+1 block+ ma*9e1 :i* pat5t be>s date ,augu/ #ad?1 #ahdg4 ,x has receiv$ ! approbation ( ! ,s\!rn & ,we/]n manufactur]s1 & has be5 adopt$ z a guide by !m4 ,_m ( our own manufactur]s h also adopt$ x4 ,x op]ates ) ease & accuracy1 & is easily adju/$ to any size4 ,z ! process ( boot cutt+ is v simple1 _m manufactur]s cut by ! eye4 ,! app>atus allud$ to w assi/ all :o are comm5c+ ! bus9ess4 ,h ! la/ agree ) ! foot 9 e "p1 !n cut ! boot-upp] to fit ! la/1 s t 9 la/+1 x w come ov] ! la/ easily & smoo?ly )\t /ra9+1 z all su* pressure is an actual damage to ! boot4 ,mo/ boot-upp]s are n crimp$ b jamm$ & cru%$ into _! position4 ,! crimp+ is ( great importance & %\ld be done ) c>e4 ,! crimp %\ld agree 9 its =m to ! la/ 9 all its upp] curves2 !n1 :5 cut prop]ly & fitt$1 x w la/ ov] smoo?ly & all p>ts w adapt !mselves to _! prop] position1 !reby prev5t+ all friction1 :i* is ! orig9 ( corns1 & ! v>i\s diseases ( ! foot4 ,x is absolutely necess>y t ! measures be tak5 ) great accuracy1 & ! la/ fit ! measure1 & ! boot cut to fit ! la/1 & all p>ts ( ! "w done well1 !n ! we>] w enjoy ! luxury ( a closely fitt+ boot1 )\t any ( ! pa9ful results :i* are usually consequ5t ^u we>+ new boots4 ,! great secret ( ! ease1 com=t1 & elegance ( a ,fr5* boot is its p]fect con=mity to nature4 ,! /yle ( a boot is simply a matt] ( fancy4 ,! boot-trees %\ld m ne>ly imitate ! natural limb1 & n pres5t t extreme swell$ appe>ance1 z _m d1 ?us caus+ ! side seam to bur/ out4 ,make ! top ( ! boot leg slightly l>g] ?an ! heel measurem5t z a g5]al rule1 & add to or dim9i% f x1 z ! in/ep is high or l[4 ,9 "s cases ( high in/ep m room is want$1 consequ5tly m lea!r 9 ! in/ep2 ?is is obta9$ by cutt+ ! upp] full] at ! bottom4 ,all la/s %\ld be made ) blocks1 & high combs1 = all k9ds ( boots or %oes1 z ?us ! upp]s are kept smoo?1 9 good %ape1 & clean4 ,!re is mu* confusion 9 ! l5g? ( boots & %oes4 ,?is is caus$ by ! manufactur]s us+ ! size /icks 9 common use1 :i* are incorrect4 ,?us %oes m>k$ fives1 are made on a f\r & a half la/2 a five la/ %\ld be made j t5 in*es long1 & all bel[ t %\ld v>y j "o-?ird ( an in* to ea* size1 & all sizes above five %\ld be subject to ! same v>iation4 ,,wom5',s ,,la/s4 ,m>k$ #b is #i in*es long4 ,m>k$ #c #i in*es long ,m>k$ #d #i in*es long ,m>k$ #e #aj in*es long ,m>k$ #f #aj in*es long ,m>k$ #g #aj in*es long ,m>k$ #h #aa in*es long ,,boys' ,,la/s4 ,m>k$ #a is #h in*es long4 ,m>k$ #b #i in*es long ,m>k$ #c #i in*es long ,m>k$ #d #i in*es long ,m>k$ #e #aj in*es long ,,m5',s ,,la/s4 ,m>k$ #e is #aj in*es long4 ,m>k$ #f #aj in*es long ,m>k$ #g #aj in*es long ,m>k$ #aa #ab in*es long ,m>k$ #ab #ab in*es long ,m>k$ #ac #ab in*es long ,m>k$ #ad #ac in*es long ,! wid? ( m5s' la/s on ! bottom1 v>y "o-twelf? ( an in* = ea* size1 & ?ree-twelf?s ( an in* ov] ! in/ep = ea* size4 ,a man's t5 la/ ( a good fulness measures across ! ball ?ree & ?ree-eigh?s in*es2 across ! heel two & five-eigh?s1 & 9 ! same proportions ( fulness2 ! five's la/ measure across ! ball ?ree in*es1 & ! heel two & ?ree-eigh?s1 & ! same proportions ( fulness %\ld = a t5's la/1 girt t5 & "o-half in*es ov] ! in/ep1 & ! five's %\ld girt n9e & "o-qu>t] in*es4 ,a t5's vamp = m5's ,ox=d-tie1 measures across its extreme po9ts1 n9e in*es2 five's vamp1 eight in*es4 ,draw a l9e across f "o extreme po9t to ! o!r1 & six & sev5-eigh?s in*es ( t l9e w give ! l5g? = ! t5's vamp1 & six in*es w give ! l5g? = ! five's vamp4 ,five & "o-half in*es w be ! prop] l5g? = ! base l9e ( a t5's qu>t]2 five in*es = ! five's qu>t]2 ! qu>t] at ! back ( a t5's upp] is ?ree & "o-half in*es high2 ! five's qu>t] is ?ree & "o-sixte5? in*es high4 ,draw a l9e f ! front po9t ( ! qu>t]1 to ! top ( ! heel l9e on ! qu>t]1 & eight & "o-qu>t] in*es gives its l5g?1 & sev5 & "o-qu>t] ! l5g? = ! five's2 ! front base l9e = ! t5's is ?ree & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* long1 ! five's ?ree in*es long4 ,draw a l9e p]p5dicul> f ! base ( ! t5's qu>t] to ! top po9t1 & five & "o-eigh?s in*es w give its height2 f\r & five-eigh?s w be ! height = ! five's qu>t]4 ,draw a l9e on ! upp]1 aft] x is clos$ f ! c5tre ( ! toes1 to ! top ( ! qu>t]1 & also to ! heel1 & its l5g? w be twelve & sev5-eigh?s4 ,on a t5's la/ x is elev5 & five-eigh?s full4 ,! upp] :5 fold$ & press$ toge!r1 w be ?ree & "o-half sizes l>g] ?an ! la/4 ,! wid? ( ,mr4 ,kimball's sev5 ,f la/ across ! ball is ?ree & "o-eigh? in*es2 wid? ( heel two & "o-sixte5? in*es4 ,! ,a's sev5 la/ across ! ball is two & "o half-in*es1 ! heel two & ?ree-sixte5?s4 ,by ?is x w be se5 t 8 sy/em = v>y+ ! wid? ( 8 la/s1 is "o-eigh? ( an in* = ea* size across ! ball1 & "o-sixte5? ( an in* across ! heel4 ,) 8 ?ree m>k$ ,c1 ,m1 ,f1#a c41 y h ?ree degrees ( fulness = ea* la/1 mak+ x ! mo/ conv5i5t sy/em 9 use4 ,! upp] ( ,a4 ,no4 #f ladies' %oe1 %\ld measure eight & five-eigh?s in*es ov] ! highe/ "p ( ! in/ep2 ! ,no4 #b %\ld measure sev5 & sev5-eigh?s & "o-sixte5?1 ov] ! same "p4 ,9 ?is mann]1 ! v>iation = ea* size is "o-twelf? ( an in* on ea* side ( ! vamp2 ?is is ! same v>iation z 9 ! m5's upp]s4 ,footnote #a3 ,c--common2 ,m--m$ium2 ,f--full4 ,*ildr5 & misses %oes c all be arrang$ on ! same sy/em ( diagrams4 ,e ,boot & ,%oe manufactur] & mak]1 %\ld h full sets ( patt]ns4 ,by hav+ a patt]n ( ea* size & /yle1 !re is no wa/e ( "t 9 draft+4 ,! patt]ns c be easily & correctly alt]$ or v>i$ to meet any em]g5cy t may arise4 ,x is n safe to tru/ to ! eye z x is liable to mi/akes4 ,by foll[+ ! directions "h giv51 toge!r ) ! in/ructions already laid d[n1 any p]son ( common capacity & ord9>y +5uity1 c cut a full set ( patt]ns = any description ( boot or %oe requir$4 ,,common ,,or ,,m$ium ,,proportions ,,( ,,feet4 ,,m5',s ,,sizes4 ,size4 ,l5g? ( foot4 ,heel measure4 ,ov] ! in/ep4 #f #aj in*es4 #ab in*es4 #i in*es4 #g #aj in*es4 #ab in*es4 #i in*es4 #h #aa in*es4 #ac in*es4 #i in*es4 #i #aa in*es4 #ac in*es4 #i in*es4 #aj #aa in*es4 #ad in*es4 #aj in*es4 #aa #ab in*es4 #ad in*es4 #aj in*es4 ,,ladies' ,,sizes4 ,size4 ,l5g? ( foot4 ,heel measure4 ,ov] ! in/ep4 #c #i in*es4 #aa in*es4 #h in*es4 #d #i in*es4 #aa in*es4 #h in*es4 #e #aj in*es4 #aa in*es4 #i in*es4 #f #aj in*es4 #ab in*es4 #i in*es4 #g #aj in*es4 #ab in*es4 #i in*es4 ,,boys' ,,sizes4 ,size4 ,l5g? ( foot4 ,heel measure4 ,ov] ! in/ep4 #a #h in*es4 #aj in*es4 #g in*es4 #b #i in*es4 #aa in*es4 #h in*es4 #c #i in*es4 #aa in*es4 #h in*es4 #d #i in*es4 #ab in*es4 #h in*es4 #e #aj in*es4 #ab in*es4 #h in*es4 ,,y\?s' ,,sizes4 ,size4 ,l5g? ( foot4 ,heel measure4 ,ov] ! in/ep4 #i #g in*es4 #h in*es4 #f in*es4 #aj #g in*es4 #i in*es4 #f in*es4 #aa #g in*es4 #i in*es4 #g in*es4 #ab #h in*es4 #i in*es4 #g in*es4 #ac #h in*es4 #aj in*es4 #g in*es4 ,,misses ,,la/s4 ,size4 ,l5g? ( foot4 ,heel measure4 ,ov] ! in/ep4 #aj #g in*es4 #aj in*es4 #f in*es4 #aa #g in*es4 #aj in*es4 #f in*es4 #ab #h in*es4 #aj in*es4 #g in*es4 #ac #h in*es4 #aa in*es4 #g in*es4 #a #h in*es4 #aa in*es4 #g in*es4 #b #i in*es4 #aa in*es4 #g in*es4 ,c ,,la/s4 ,all ,*ildr5's ,la/s %\ld always be made ,block ,la/s4 ,size4 ,l5g? ( foot4 ,heel measure4 ,ov] ! in/ep4 #aj #g in*es4 #aj in*es4 #f in*es4 #i #g in*es4 #i in*es4 #f in*es4 #h #f in*es4 #i in*es4 #f in*es4 #g #f in*es4 #i in*es4 #f in*es4 #f #f in*es4 #h in*es4 #f in*es4 #e #e in*es4 #h in*es4 #e in*es4 #d #e in*es4 #h in*es4 #e in*es4 #c #e in*es4 #g in*es4 #e in*es4 #b #d in*es4 #g in*es4 #e in*es4 #a #d in*es4 #g in*es4 #e in*es4 #j #d in*es4 #f in*es4 #e in*es4 ,rem>ks4--,! toes ( ! smalle/ sizes ( *ildr5's la/s %\ld be made two sizes wid] proportionately1 ?an ! l>ge/ size1 i4 e41 "o-six? ( an in*1 z ! small foot is wide & s(t1 requir+ m room = its expansion4 ,?us ! practical advantages to be d]iv$1 by cutt+ ! patt]ns by ! pack$ diagram pr9ciple1 7,no4 #h17 are made cle>1 z ! foot ( a *ild gr[s fa/] 9 l5g? ?an 9 wid?4 ,by ! =ego+ scale ! l5g? ( ! foot & o!r measurem5ts 9 in*es1 & all %oes f ! smalle/ *ild's to m5's elev5s1 are obta9$1 & by foll[+ ! same rule1 small] or l>g] sizes may be cut4 ,by hav+ all la/s1 diagrams1 & patt]ns1 made by ! scale1 & all proportions ( fulness ( la/s regul>ly grad$1 mak+ ! *ildr5's mu* ! fulle/ 9 wid?1 ow+ to ! great] degree ( r\ndness ( ! foot1 & wid] 9 proportion1 on acc\nt ( rapid gr[?4 ,9 prep>+ patt]ns = *ildr51 due all[ance mu/ be made = ! increas+ fulness ( ! ankle4 ,! same caution is applicable to misses1 b n to s great a degree4 ,no4 #f is ! side view ( a gait] boot upp]1 ) la/ & block1 giv+ ! 8pit*0 l9e1 conc]n+ :i* !re is q a div]sity ( op9ion1 also ! heel l9e1 in/ep1 wai/ & toes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--,see page #ie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,see page #ie4 ,by measur+ ! in/ep ( a foot ) callipp]s1 "o half ( ! di/ance gives ! c5tre4 ,!n take ! ?ickness ( ! l>ge toe 9 ! same mann] & half ! ?ickness gives ! c5tre2 !n draw a l9e f t to ! in/ep c5tre--c>ry ! l9e a %ort di/ance beyond1 to :]e ! callipp]s /rike ! bottom ( ! foot j 9 front ( ! heel1 & ! end ( ! la/1 7z se5 by a dott$ l9e 9 ! c5tre7 :atev] 8pit*0 y may give ! toes4 ,! 8pit*0 is gov]n$ by ! height ( ! heel z se5 9 ,no4 #c4 ,boot cutt]s make x a conv5i5t practice to draw f t c5tre1 a p]p5dicul> l9e 9 ord] to give ! c5tre ( ! boot leg at ! top1 & all is gov]n$ by ! height ( ! heel4 ,by a little att5tion to ! front l9e 7,no4 #g17 w be se51 ! true %ape ( a boot =m or crimp1 & ! back l9e1 ! boot prop]ly tre$2 ! c5tre l9e1 ! seam4 ,by pass+ ! eye up ! in/ep measure l9e1 at ! top is se5 ! curve t ! fulness repres5ts4 ,t curve1 or l9e1 f ! toes to ! ankle l9e is c>ri$ 91 or out1 z ! heel measure may det]m9e4 ,by hav+ a patt]n ( t curv$ l9e1 f ! toes to ! ankle l9e1 all ! v>iety ( fulness is obta9$1 z is readily se54 ,! ankle measure 9 _m cases1 is ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* %ort] 9 a direct l9e ?an ! heel l9e2 t is1 :5 ^! l9es are d\bl$1 z se5 9 ,no4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--,see page #ih4 ,hav+ a patt]n ( t curve l9e f ! ankle to ! toes1 ( all /yles & v>ieties ( boots & %oes1 by mov+ x out 9 ! same direction z ! heel measure1 to ! in/ep1 "o-twelf? ( an in*1 7z t is a size7 z se5 9 ,mr4 ,p>rott's diagram = cutt+ upp]s2 t makes x a size full] & vice v]sa4 ,z t curv$ l9e rema9s ! same ?r\gh all ! sizes1 by hav+ t patt]n1 & "o side ( x prop]ly curv$1 = ! heel l9e1 & a portion ( ! same = ! bottom l9e or curve1 & ^? l9es prop]ly divid$ (f & numb]$1 = ea* size ( any desir$ design1 by t patt]n all sizes may be cut ) ease & accuracy4 ,"s h _! sev]al patt]ns fitt$ = ! v>ieties ( %oes !y wi% to manufacture4 ,= cu/om "w1 !y are v conv5i5t4 ,z ! measure ( ! foot is ! prop] guide1 draw ! bottom l9e1 !n ! heel1 giv+ x ! position desir$ = ! %oe or boot1 !n ! wid? ( ! toes1 obs]v+ _! elevation1 z ! %oe may be heel$ or n4 ,!n apply ! heel measure2 draw ! in/ep l9e f ! toes to ! ankle1 draw a l9e =1 or f ! toes & ankle1 & y h ! desir$ result4 ,"s cutt]s draw only "o in/ep curve l9e1 & make "o-?ird ( a size all[ance = ! l5g? on ! heel1 & two-?irds ( a size on ! toes1 = ea* size1 & "o-twelf? ( an in* on ! bottom at ! heel1 & a little m on ! toes4 ,x produces ab\t ! same result1 regulat+ ! height ( ! qu>t] by ! same heel scale1 z fancy may dictate4 ,9 #ahcb1 we made ! fir/ full set ( diagram patt]ns t we ev] us$2 s9ce t "t ! pr9ciple has spread f ,ma9e to ! f> ,we/1 & a *ange has be5 wr\ght 9 ! manufacture ( %oes by ma*9]y t causes ! old-fa%ion$ manufactur]s to blu% at ! reflection t new tools1 new ma*9es1 new ideas1 h be5 introduc$ successfully1 9 spite ( _! det]m9$ opposition4 ,b x mu/ be confess$ t a great proportion ( ! ma*9es & tools n[ 9 g5]al use1 are exce$+ly imp]fect4 ,mo/ ( ! really important improvem5ts t h be5 made1 are ! products ( t class ( me*anics :o h bra9s1 b %all[ pockets4 ,! ideal mu/ always prec$e ! actual1 & ! poor %oemak] :o conceives an idea t 8 sup]ior g5ius discov]s to be really practical1 is too (t5 reg>d$ z an idle dream]1 & ! old adage is at once appli$1 8,ne sutor ultra crepidam0--no %oemak] %\ld g beyond 8 la/4 ,! sci5ce ( %oe manufactur+ is yet to be greatly *ang$ & improv$4 ,!re is1 9 our op9ion1 no bran* ( ! me*anic arts m susceptible ( improvem5t ?an ?is2 we mean 9 ! process ( manufacture1 none t admits ( m ma*9]y & tools4 ,all p>ts ( ! /ock c be cut & fitt$ by ma*9]y1 f> sup]ior to ! h& me?ods4 ,! r\nd+ ( pump out-soles1 fea!r edg+1 ! prick+ ( holes or /it*es1 all 9-soles = welt$ boots or %oes1 c be fitt$ precisely alike4 ,all ?is "w %\ld be done by ! 8,boss0 be=e ! "w is di/ribut$ to ! workm51 !n1 ( c\rse1 ! %ape ( ! %oe & edges w\ld pres5t a uni=m appe>ance4 ,! =ego+ sugge/ions may be que/ion$ by ^? :o h little p]ception & less k1 b nev]!less1 ! m>* ( progress w surely witness factories arrang$ ) p]fect$ ma*9]y1 s t all p>ts ( ! "w w be done "u ! sup]vision ( skilful & practical workm54 ,by improv$ processes ( manufacture1 boots & %oes w be made durable & firm z ! /ock w admit1 & ! f9i% w f> exce$ t n[ produc$ by ! ord9>y me?ods1 :ile ^? :o take ! lead 9 ! m>ket1 by ! facilities !y possess1 w be able to introduce & =m ! prevail+ /yles or fa%ions4 ,!re are _m obvi\s advantages :i* readily sugge/ !mselves1 to be ga9$ by ! introduction ( improv$ ma*9]y :i* we h n space to enum]ate4 ,9 collect+ ! 8,h9t's & ,facts10 "h pres5t$1 we h c>efully consid]$ ! subject1 & exam9$ ^? tools & ma*9]y t are n[ 9 g5]al use 9 ?is c\ntry2 also ! draw+s ( _m & v>i\s ma*9es1 tools1 etc41 t h be5 publi%$ 9 ,engl& & ,france4 ,f ^! s\rces1 & our g5]al obs]vations1 exp]im5ts1 etc41 we are fully conv9c$ t ! day is n f> di/ant :5 m>k$ & b5eficial *anges w be successfully introduc$ into ?is all-important bran* ( ! me*anic arts4 ,we w "h rem>k1 t 9 conv]sation ) v _m ( our mo/ en]getic & lead+ %oe manufactur]s1 we h f\nd ! mo/ sangu9e believ]s 9 ! v>i\s improvem5ts sugge/$4 ,new & improv$ ma*9]y = sew$1 pegg$ & cem5t$ "w2 cem5ts = rubb] comp\nds1 gutta-p]*a & *emical unions1 are n[ be+ successfully introduc$1 toge!r ) new tann+ comb9ations1 all ( :i* are yet to take a prom95t & important place 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,! ,manufacture ( ,fr5* ,cu/om ,boots1 ,%oes1 & ,gait]s4 ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,laug5beck4 ,fir/1 place ! foot to be measur$ ^u a %eet ( :ite pap]4 ,m>k ar\nd ! foot ) a long p5cil1 be+ c>eful to hold x 9 a p]p5dicul> position4 ,next1 take ! circumf]5ce across ! ball & in/ep ) a tape measure4 ,next measure ! heel & calf4 ,= calf boots1 ! boot mu/ be "o-f\r? ( an in* wid] on ! heel ?an ! foot1 & ! ankle "o-f\r? ( an in* less ?an ! heel measure4 ,,calf-,,l ,,measure ,,( ,,! ,,leg4--,,la/ ,,measure4 ,! la/ mu/ be "o & "o-half ( a size long] ?an ! foot1 & z wide z ! wide/ "p ( ! foot4 ,= /ubb toes1 ! la/ %\ld be "o size long]4 ,prop] all[ance %\ld be made = corns4 ,place a r\nd knob made ( lea!r1 or any o!r suitable sub/ance1 on ! la/1 j ! size ( ! corn1 or enl>gem5t1 on "o or bo? sides ( ! la/1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,! in/ep mu/ be "o-eigh? ( an in* less ?an measure4 ,= a s\nd1 heal?y foot1 make ! la/ "o-f\r? ( an in* less on ! ball1 & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* less on ! in/ep4 ,pat5t lea!r boots1 ar\nd ! ankle mu/ be full ) ! measure z ! /it*es contract4 ,,in/ructions ,,= ,,la/+ ,,boots4 ,if a boot is well cut1 & n prop]ly la/$1 ! boot w n fit4 ,soak ! c\nt]s well 9 wat]4 ,pa/e betwe5 ea*4 ,draw ! upp]s smoo?ly ov] ! la/1 z tightly z ! lea!r w be>4 ,9 draw+ ! upp]s ov] ! la/1 ! c\nt] %\ld be left ab\t half way into its place or position4 ,aft] ! upp]s are well la/$ ov] ! ball1 !n drive ! heel la/ d[n to its place4 ,n[ comm5ce to la/ ! boot 9 ! %ank2 smoo? ei!r side alt]nately1 t[>ds ! toe1 until x fits smoo?ly4 ,rem>ks4--,judgm5t %\ld always be us$ 9 ! manufacture ( boots or %oes = t5d] feet4 ,no specific directions c be giv52 ! good s5se & discretion ( ! artizan w sugge/ su* modifications ( ! rules z ! case requires4 ,! in/ructions giv5 conc]n+ 8corns10 w usually correct ! difficulty1 b 9 cases ( g5]al t5d]ness ( ! feet1 ! alt]ations mu/ be made ?r\gh\t4 ,ar\nd ! heel1 ! pat5t lea!r boot %\ld be ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* l>g] ?an is ! calf boot4 ,,%oes4 ,! la/ %\ld be two sizes long] ?an ! foot 9 ord] to secure com=t4 ,! reason is obvi\s2 ! foot works f>!r into ! %oe1 ?an 9 ! boot4 ,! la/1 at ! in/ep1 %\ld be z wide z ! foot1 because ! /it*+ contracts ! lea!r2 o!rwise ! %oe w cause great discom=t4 ,! %oe %\ld be made "o-f\r? ( an in* less ?an measure across ! ball ( ! foot4 ,,gait] ,,boots4 ,! la/ %\ld be made ! same z = calf-sk9 boots1 :e!r pat5t lea!r1 or o!r mat]ial4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,/ock4 ,soak ! lea!r well 9 wat]4 ,remove all ! fle%y sub/ance1 f /ock ( e description4 ,draw ! 9-sole well ov] ! la/4 ,let x rema9 until ne>ly dry4 ,hamm] ! 9-sole aft] removal4 ,next1 cut ! 9-sole z requir$2 by ! sole ?us prep>$1 cut ! o!r sole4 ,! rema9d] ( ! /ock %\ld be ne>ly dry be=e cutt+ up4 ,,to ,,prev5t ,,squeak+4 ,ruff ! soles ) a rasp1 !n pa/e betwe5 !m4 ,put e piece compris+ ! heel on sep>ately1 rasp e lift1 & pa/e z be=e4 ,,book ,,iii4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,discov]y ,,( ,,! ,,sulphurization ,,& ,,vulcanization ,,( ,,india-,,rubb] ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,x may be safely /at$ t no *emical discov]y )9 ! la/ c5tury1 has produc$ su* wond]ful results z ^? "h allud$ to4 ,f be+ a simple gum1 ! use ( :i* 0 limit$ to ! erasure ( ! s*ool boy's blund]1 or ! m]*ant's mi/akes1 ,india-rubb]1 by ! process ( vulcanization1 has become "o ( our mo/ important articles ( comm]ce4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful products ( nature t has ev] be5 appli$ to ! arts4 ,! fir/ attempt to manufacture ca\t*\c or ,india-rubb] into clo?+1 & articles ( daily use 9 ?is c\ntry1 0 ^u ! discov]y t ! ess5tial oils 0 a dissolv5t ( ! gum suffici5t to spread x ^u clo?4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! excitem5t4 ,! idea ( mak+ wat]-pro( clo?+ took possession ( ! public m9d at once4 ,?is 0 ab\t ! ye> #ahcd4 ,spirits ( turp5t9e 0 ! *eape/ & mo/ effectual solv5t4 ,a company organiz$ & e/abli%$ a l>ge manufactory 9 ,roxbury1 ,mass41 & ! %>es at #ajj p> value soon w5t up 9 ! m>ket to #c or #d hundr$4 ,x 0 soon f\nd h[ev]1 t !y _h n suffici5tly inve/igat$ ! matt]4 ,9 a few mon?s1 or p]haps weeks1 ! manufactur$ articles :i* at fir/ pres5t$ a sub/antial face became s(t aga9 & adhesive1 s mu* s t masses ( clo!s adh]$ toge!r & became almo/ a solid body4 ,b ! excitem5t cont9u$ z ! real facts 7 n made kn[n to ! public2 companies 7 =m$1 & factories 7 erect$ to a consid]able ext5t be=e ! bubble bur/4 ,! discov]y ( sulphurization 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 made ab\t ! ye> #ahce1 by ,mr4 ,na?l4 ,hayw>d1 a native ( ,ea/on1 ,mass4 ,mr4 ,hayw>d 0 at ?is "t a resid5t ( ,bo/on1 ! proprietor ( a liv]y /able4 ,be+ ( an inv5tive turn1 8 m9d = a long "t _h be5 revolv+ ! idea ( apply+ "s sub/ance :i* w\ld remove ! cause ( ! adhesiv5ess ( ! manufactur$ article s fatal to ! success ( ?is great ent]prise4 ,n possess+ a ?or\gh k ( *emicals or _! comp\nds1 ,mr4 ,hayw>d pur*as$ at r&om a great v>iety ( drugs to mix ) ! dissolv$ rubb]4 ,^! he plac$ 9 ! sun hop+ t he might1 by *ance hit ^u t sub/ance :i* w\ld cause ! rubb] to become h>d & reta9 its consi/5cy4 ,:ite lead1 & all o!r sub/ances :i* possess$ ! virtue ( 8dri]s0 7 successively subject$ to 8 alembic4 ,= mon?s ,mr4 ,hayw>d prosecut$ 8 inve/igations1 b hi!rto )\t success4 ,f9ally1 becom+ disc\rag$1 he "o day collect$ all ! v>i\s drugs1 etc41 :i* he _h pur*as$1 & ?rew !m indiscrim9ately into a boil]1 happ5+ to h "s sulphur 9 h& :i* he _h procur$ = 8 horses1 he mix$ t 9 ) ! re/4 ,nil desp]&um--! result ( ?is exp]im5t 0 ! key to ! long s\ght = secret4 ,a f9e sub/antial ,india-rubb] clo? 0 produc$ free f /ick9ess1 & pres5t+ ! peculi> appe>ance ( sulphuriz$ rubb]4 ,! result 0 produc$1 b :i* ( ! ag5cies _h caus$ ?is wond]ful trans=mation8 ,= mon?s ,mr4 ,hayw>d pursu$ 8 inve/igations1 until at l5g? ! my/]y 0 unveil$4 ,?us by ,,accid5t 0 ?is important discov]y made4 ,yet ano!r discov]y 0 necess>y 9 ord] to fully complete ! magnific5t results :i* ,hayw>d _h develop$4 ,sulphuriz$ goods 7 f\nd to emit a v unpleasant odor1 & :at 0 ( /ill great] importance1 ! goods became rigid 9 cold wea!r1 & loose & ela/ic 9 w>m wea!r4 ,^! objections mu/ be remov$1 or ! discov]ies ( ,hayw>d w\ld lose _! *ief importance4 ,vulcanization1 subsequ5tly discov]$ by ,goodye>1 0 ! important elem5t to be appli$4 ,to ,hayw>d & ,goodye> conjo9tly is ! _w indebt$ = ! b5efits :i* h foll[$ z a sequ5ce to _! discov]ies4 ,!y /& l ! ,siamese tw9s connect$ by reciprocal inv5tive faculties1 ! "o equally dep5d5t ^u ! o!r = ! success :i* has cr[n$ _! unit$ ef=ts4 ,! intellig5t read] _c fail to see ! relative importance :i* ! "o holds to ! o!r1 & h[ admirably ! g5ius ( ,goodye> complet$ :at ! untir+ en]gy ( ,hayw>d fir/ disclos$4 ,?is mu* is necess>y at ?is po9t to introduce ! read] to :at foll[s conc]n+ vulcanization4 ,on ! #bd? day ( ,febru>y1 #ahci1 ,mr4 ,hayw>d secur$ a pat5t = vulcaniz+ ,india-rubb] by means ( sulphur1 :i* pat5t 0 assign$ to ,*>les ,goodye>--a man ( %rewd & future grasp+ m9d4 ,"s idea ( ! importance ( ?is improvem5t may be =m$ f ! fact t x has be5 a subject ( cont9ual litigation = a numb] ( ye>s2 yea1 almo/ s9ce ! day ! pat5t 0 issu$4 ,x is ! real vulcaniz+ sub/ance n[ us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb] fabrics ( e description4 ,! claim is 9 ^! words3 8! comb9+ ( sulphur ) gum-ela/ic1 :e!r 9 solution or 9 sub/ance1 ei!r by mix+ ) ! dige/$ ,india-rubb]1 knead+ x1 or spr9kl+ x on ! surface ( %eets & press+ x 940 ,at ! "t ( ! fam\s conte/ betwe5 ,goodye> & ,day1 te/imony 0 produc$ by :i* x 0 endeavor$ to be prov$ t ! vulcanization ( ,india-rubb] 0 discov]$ 9 ,g]many by ,f4 ,lu$]sdorff1 six ye>s be=e ,hayw>d's pat5t 0 grant$4 ,"s d\bts h be5 express$ conc]n+ ! /atem5t4 ,:e!r true or false1 we _c see :y ! circum/ance %\ld detract 9 ! lea/ f ! claims or position ( ,mr4 ,hayw>d1 inasmu* z x is v conclusive t 8 discov]y 0 purely accid5tal4 ,a ,prussian pamphlet publi%$ at ,b]l9 9 #ahcb1 describes ! exp]im5ts made by ,f4 ,lu$]sdorff ) ,india-rubb]1 & ! production ( sulphuriz$ ,india-rubb] comp\nds4 ,! ,sci5tific ,am]ican 9 speak+ ^u ?is subject1 & combat+ ! claims ( ! le>n$ ,prussian has ! foll[+3-- 8,! clamm9ess ( dissolv$ ,india-rubb]1 & its t5d5cy to decomposition are attribut$ to its res9\s prop]ties4 ,on page #bh1 ! foll[+ language occurs3 #8,aft] a long s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 9 :i* nei!r deodoriz+ or oxidiz+ sub/ances1 nei!r alkalies1 nor me*anical means1 :i* affect$ ! spe$y dry+1 produc$ ! desir$ result2 ,i succe$$ at la/ 9 f9d+ 9 sulphur ! sub/ance1 :i* ev5 9 v small quantities1 p]fectly prev5t$ ! injuri\s effect ( ! res9\s aggregation4' ,in/ructions are giv5 h[ to prep>e ! sulphur solution1 by heat+ & /irr+ ?ree p>ts ( fl\r sulphur 9 "o hundr$ p>ts ( rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e1 br++ !m to a boil+ heat1 !n dissolv+ ! ,india-rubb] 9 ! solution4 ,by ,hayw>d's pat5t1 "o teaspoonful ( sulphur 0 mix$ ) t quantity ( oil ( turp5t9e requir$ to dissolve a p\nd ( ,india-rubb]1 & 9 ?is respect1 !re is little diff]5ce betwe5 8 me?od & t ( ! ,prussian doctor4 ,x is ! sulphur :i* is ! gr& ag5t 9 ! production ( vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 no matt] h[ comb9$1 9 solution1 or ) ,india-rubb] s(t5$ by heat4 ,leave sulphur out ( ! "q1 & we w\ld h no vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] fabrics4 8,! "q n[ arises1 :at reliance is !re to be plac$ ^u ! au!nticity ( ?is pamphlet1 publi%$ six ye>s be=e ,hayw>d's pat5t 0 obta9$8 ,we h be5 assur$ t ! orig9al "w is 9 ! ,college ,libr>y1 at ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i42 b x is r s+ul>1 t 9 ! _m controv]sies on ?is subject1 & ! num]\s suits at law :i* h tak5 place1 respect+ ! orig9ality ( ! inv5tion1 t su* in=mation 0 n produc$ z te/imony be=e "s tribunal4 8,t ,dr4 ,lu$]sdorff made ! exp]im5ts describ$1 we w assume to be true 9 e respect1 b nei!r is our c\ntry or any o!r indebt$ to him 9 ! lea/1 = ! introduction & success ( ,india-rubb] manufactures4 ,to ,am]ican inv5tors alone1 is ! _w indebt$ = ! inv5tion ( vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]4 ,hayw>d 0 no d\bt totally ignorant ( ! ,prussian doctor's exp]im5ts2 he probably c\ld n read ,g]man2 he made ! discov]y ( sulphuriz$ ,india-rubb] by 8 own ef=ts1 & he is an orig9al inv5tor1 9 ?is s5se ( ! t]m40 ,we h ?us giv5 a brief acc\nt ( ?is rem>kable discov]y4 ,h]et(ore b little has be5 writt5 or publi%$ ^u ! discov]y1 & ! subsequ5t inv5tions to :i* x gave rise4 ,! books :i* h be5 publi%$ h c>efully avoid$ full & complete /atem5ts or facts1 & h conta9$ little or no in=mation ( value1 b on ! contr>y1 h seem$1 at lea/1 to deal 9 g5]alities calculat$ to befog & mislead4 ,9 ! long & t$i\s trials :i* task$ ! +5uity & p[] ( ,web/] & ,*oate1 x 0 cle>ly prov5 t ! articles claim$ to be made by specifications !re introduc$1 c\ld n be manufactur$ by su* comp\nds4 ,to all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! facts1 etc41 elicit$ ^u ^! celebrat$ trials1 we w\ld ref] !m to 8,day's ,bible0 if obta9able1 conta9+ ! ,g5esis & ,revelation ( all t c\ld !n be said or writt5 ^u ! subject4 8,! pr(its on ! ,india-rubb] bus9ess w rea* almo/ two millions ( doll>s 9 ! ye>1 & ! pres5t manufactories _c supply ! dem&4 ,%oes :i* weigh n9e ounces p] pair h only ab\t ?ree & a half ounces ( rubb]1 ! o!r mat]ials be+ wor? only f "o to six c5ts p] p\nd4 ,"o girl c make f tw5ty to ?irty pairs p] day1 h5ce1 enorm\s pr(its h be5 d]iv$ by ! manufactur]s ( su* goods4 ,! be/ valve pack+ is made ( #cj lbs4 ( ,india-rubb]1 #f lbs4 ( lampblack1 #bb lbs4 r$ or :ite lead1 & #bb oz4 ( sulphur2 ^! metaliz+ sub/ances are all v *eap4 ,india-rubb] is easily r5d]$ pla/ic1 & comb9es readily ) almo/ e sub/ance1 su* z ! oxides ( metal1 clay1 pulv]iz$ s&1 gums1 c>bon1 saw-du/1 gr\nd cork1 c4 ,x is1 c]ta9ly1 "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful & useful products ( nature t has ev] be5 appli$ to ! arts40 ,! importance ( ! discov]y ( ! vulcanization ( ,india-rubb] to ! _w1 c h>dly be ov]-e/imat$1 :e!r reg>d$ 9 ! light ( sci5ce1 or political economy4 ,b comp>atively few ye>s h elaps$ s9ce its highe/ uses 7 discov]$ & appli$2 & ev5 n[1 ) all ! success :i* has ?us f> cr[n$ ! ef=ts ( ^? engag$ 9 its developm5t1 x is yet 9 its infancy4 ,l _m ( ! mo/ important discov]ies 9 ! me*anic arts1 t ( vulcanization 0 imp]fectly appli$1 & millions ( doll>s 7 exp5d$ 9 ! manufacture ( improp]ly vulcaniz$ goods1 mills1 ma*9]y1 c4 ,no soon] _h ! practicability ( manufactur+ boots & %oes f ,india rubb] be5 demon/rat$1 ?an ! att5tion ( capitali/s1 & inv5tors1 0 turn$ to ?is new field ( ent]prise4 ,)\t /opp+ to te/ ! nature ( ! gum :i* 0 to be m\ld$ 9 gold5 +ots1 viz41 ! manufacture ( boots1 %oes1 etc41 & ! effect ( ! seasons ^u ! manufactur$ articles1 ! anxi\s speculator1 & ! en?usia/ic manufactur] plung$ boldly into ! sea ( trade4 ,all classes became int]e/$ 9 its success1 /ock companies 7 =m$1 ! %>es ( :i* 7 eag]ly snat*$ up1 & visions ( untold pr(its 7 divid$ 9 anticipation4 ,b ! 8bubble0 soon bur/1 goods manufactur$ & sol>iz$ 9 ,april1 became a /icky mass ( useless rubbi% 9 ,july4 ,! w>m wea!r lit]ally melt$ ! hopes & expectations ( ! incauti\s adv5tur]4 ,a panic 0 ! consequ5ce1 mills 7 ab&on$1 ?\s&s ( artizans 7 sudd5ly ?r[n out ( employm5t1 & ?is va/ field ( ent]prise s promis+ b a few mon?s be=e1 0 swept z by a hurricane4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( tons ( ,india-rubb]1 bo? raw & prep>$ 7 ei!r giv5 away1 or sold at ru9\s sacrifices4 ,hilltops blaz$ ) its ignit$ masses1 & ! illum9ations ( ! f\r? ( ,july succe$+ ! failure1 7 made unusually brilliant by ! aid ( ! ,india-rubb] panic4 ,z be=e intimat$1 ! cause ( ?is great loss ( money & mat]ial1 orig9at$ 9 ! 8indec5t ha/e0 ( ! manufactur]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 sol>ization1 t is heat+ 9 ! sun ! clo?1 or o!r sub/ance ^u :i* ! gum or comp\nd ( rubb]1 & "s =eign sub/ances 0 spread1 0 an imp]fect process1 z ! heat ( ! sun 0 n suffici5tly p[]ful to evaporate ! solv5t1 & =m a *emical union betwe5 ! sulphur & ! rubb]1 :i* union con/itutes p]fect vulcanization4 ,! un=tunate result ( ! 8exp]im5t0 0 s de>ly pur*as$1 t all :o 7 engag$ 9 ! traffic1 ab&on$ x )\t an attempt to pr(it by exp]i5ce4 ,x is at ?is po9t t we introduce ,mr4 ,*>les ,goodye>1 a man ( obs]vation1 possess+ a l>g] %>e ( p]sev]ance ?an is usually f\nd 9 any s+le individual1 toge!r ) fair inv5tive g5ius4 ,he saw ! sad results ( t zeal :i* is )\t k1 & resolv$ to f9d if possible1 ! ?read :i* %\ld guide him safely ?r\gh ! labyr9? ( ?is my/]y4 ,he und]took ! task alone1 z ! sev]e rev]ses :i* _h visit$ ! pione]s 9 ! movem5t1 _h disgu/$ !m ) fur!r attempts to correct1 :at appe>$ to be insurm\ntable objections4 ,mr4 ,goodye> seem$ to be impress$ ) ! idea t nature nev] plays practical jokes1 & t :at _h already be5 accompli%$ 9 ! uses ( rubb] 0 simply an e>ne/ ( :at might be realiz$4 ,act+ ^u ?is conjecture1 we see him devot+ himself to ! elucidation ( ! my/]i\s problem4 ,two important po9ts 7 to be ga9$4 ,to ^? acqua9t$ ) ! ,india-rubb] or gum-ela/ic1 x is well kn[n t aft] x has be5 subject$ to a c]ta9 t5sion = any consid]able "t1 x loses its ela/icity2 also1 t dur+ hot wea!r x melts & becomes /icky or adhesive1 & 9 cold wea!r becomes /iff & rigid1 & correspond+ly less pliable4 ,^! important1 9 fact1 fatal objections mu/ be remov$1 or ,india-rubb] w\ld become comp>atively valueless4 ,mr4 ,goodye> engag$ 9 ! "w ) all ! en?usiasm ( 8 nature1 & not)/&+ he 0 )\t money1 & ! sympa?y ( fri5ds1 & 0 frequ5tly ! subject ( privations1 h>d%ips1 & imprisonm5ts1 /ill he labor$ on1 z ?\gh a pres5tim5t ( ! discov]y ( ! long s\ght = secret 0 cont9ually be=e him1 enc\rag+ him to "w & he %\ld f9ally triumph4 ,8 p]si/5t ef=ts 7 f9ally successful4 ,! admixture ( sulphur ) ! gum at a heat ( ab\t #bgj1 0 ! 8op5 sesame0 to ! treasures :i* he ultimately realiz$ 9 ! prosecution ( 8 labors4 ,! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,hon4 ,joseph ,holt1 9 8 late decision ^u ! 8ext5sion0 ( ! ,goodye> ,pat5t1 ?us eloqu5tly disc\rses conc]n+ ! e>ly ef=ts ( ,mr4 ,goodye>1 9 ! se>* ( 8 ultimately wond]ful discov]y4 8,z e>ly z #ahcd-'e1 ,mr4 ,goodye> seems to h =m$ a mo/ exalt$ e/imate ( ! capabilities1 z a mat]ial = manufacture1 ( ! gum kn[n z ca\t*\c or ,india-rubb]4 ,?is gum _h be5 previ\sly ext5sively employ$ 9 ! fabrication ( a v>iety ( articles1 b1 ow+ to _! indiff]5t quality1 all conc]n$ 9 ^! ent]prises1 z well z 9 ^? :i* foll[$ = a s]ies ( ye>s aft]w>d1 7 involv$ 9 bankruptcy & ru94 ,! fabrics ?us made c\ld n keep ! m>ket1 because !y 7 f\nd to gr[ rigid "u ! influ5ce ( cold1 & to s(t5 & become /icky "u t ( heat1 :ile !y rapidly decompos$ :5 br\ght into contact ) p]spiration & ! animal oils4 ,! applicant 0 ?or\ghly conv9c$ t ^! qualities1 :i* _h prov$ s disa/r\s to ! trade1 c\ld be remov$1 & he set himself resolutely to "w to asc]ta9 ! process = accompli%+ ?is result4 ,sulphur _h already be5 advantage\sly comb9$ ) ,india-rubb] by ,hayw>d1 s t ! discov]y _h be5 approa*$ to its v v]ge4 ,! /ep1 h[ev]1 :i* rema9$ to be tak51 %ort z x 01 0 indisp5sable1 & )\t x all ^? :i* _h prec$$ x w\ld h be5 unavail+4 ,sci5ce c\ld af=d b little assi/ance 9 ! inquiry1 =1 z ! ev5t prov$1 ! mo/ pot5t elem5t 9 ! process 0 too subtle to be disclos$ by ! sev]e/ *emical analysis4 ,! applicant _h !re=e to pursue ! inve/igation grop+ly2 b he p]si/$ 9 x ) an ardor & a c\rage :i* no?+ c\ld abate or daunt4 ,8 aim 0 def9ite1 8 conviction z to its atta9ability complete4 ,z "o :o se>*es = a hidd5 treasure 9 a field :]e he kn[s x is to be f\nd1 s pursu$ he 8 explorations 9 que/ ( ?is secret4 ,he s\ght x on ! "r h& & on ! left1 by day & by night1 9 ! mid/ ( ceaseless toil & lavi% exp5diture1 & by ! light ( e =m ( exp]im5t :i* 8 mo/ f]tile g5ius & d>+ _s c\ld sugge/4 ,he became completely ma/] ( ev]y?+ kn[n 9 reg>d to ! prop]ties ( ! mat]ial :i* x 0 8 ambition to improve1 & s ?or\ghly 0 he imbu$ ) ! s\l ( 8 inquiry1 & s int5sely quick5$ 0 8 vigilance1 t no ph5om5on1 h[ev] m9ute1 c\ld meet 8 eye1 no s\nd1 h[ev] fa9t1 c\ld fall ^u 8 e>1 )\t 8 at once detect+ & appreciat+ its be>+ ^u ! great problem ^: solution he 0 seek+4 ,f f\r to five ye>s 7 pass$ 9 ^! unremitt$ labors1 :5 an incid5t occurr$ :i* at once reveal$ ! long s\ght tru?4 ,& x is a s+ul> co9cid5ce1 t ! sp>k ( light yield$ by ?is incid5t1 0 elicit$ by a collision1 s to speak1 ! result ( t int5se zeal :i*1 s f> z heal? & =tune 7 conc]n$1 _h be5 ! consum+ fire ( 8 life4 ,9 "o ( ^? animat$ conv]sations s habitual to him1 9 ref]5ce to 8 exp]im5ts1 a piece ( ,india-rubb] comb9$ ) sulphur1 :i* he held 9 8 h& z ! text ( all 8 disc\rses1 0 by a viol5t ge/ure ?r[n into a burn+ /ove ne> :i* he 0 /&+4 ,:5 tak5 out1 aft] hav+ be5 subject$ to a high degree ( heat1 he saw1 :at x may be safely affirm$ w\ld h escap$ ! notice ( all o!rs--t a complete trans=mation _h tak5 place1 & t an entirely new product--s9ce s felicit\sly t]m$ 8ela/ic metal0--0 ! consequ5ce4 ,:5 subject$ to fur!r te/s1 ! ?rill+ conviction bur/ ^u him t success _h at l5g? cr[n$ 8 ef=ts1 & t ! my/]y he _h s long woo$1 n[ /ood unveil$ be=e him4 ,8 hi/ory 9 ?is respect is altoge!r p>allel ) t ( ! greate/ inv5tors & discov]]s :o h prec$$ him4 ,! lamp _h swung = c5turies 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,pisa1 b ( ! ?rong+ multitudes :o wor%ipp$ !re1 none _h he$$ ! lessons :i* x taught4 ,x 0 res]v$ = ! pr(\nd & obs]vant intellect ( "y ,galileo to extract f its oscillations ! true laws ( ! p5dulum1 :i* l$ to ! creation ( an infallible measure ( "t4 ,! !ory ( univ]sal gravitation loses no?+ ( its gr&eur or value because sugge/$ by ! fall+ ( an apple f ! tree4 ,9 all l&s1 by teem+ millions1 ?is ph5om5on _h be5 obs]v$1 b to none _h x imp>t$ in/ruction--to none _h x spok5 ( t wond]ful secret :i* lurk$ b5ea? its simple features4 ,at l5g? its 8/ill small voice0 fell ^u ! delicate & appreciative e> ( "o :om x />tl$ into inquiry4 ,! light ?us af=d$1 to :i* all _h be5 bl9d1 0 inde$ dim & tw9kl+2 b1 foll[+ its guidance1 z "o :o traces back ! dawn1 ! great ,newton soon plung$ into ! full-orb$ spl5dors ( a discov]y confess$ly ! mo/ brilliant :i* has gild$ & ennobl$ ! annals ( sci5ce4 ,on all ! he>?/ones ( ! civiliz$ _w1 = ?\s&s ( ye>s ! kettle _h boil$ & lift$ its lid by ! expansive p[] ( its /eam2 yet = none _h ?is seem+ly trite & ev]-recurr5t incid5t be5 significant--to none _h x ann\nc$ t measureless p[] ( :i* x 0 ! humble b di/9ct expon5t4 ,at l5g? ! movem5t caught ! eye ( a lonely /ud5t ( nature1 !n a prison] 9 ! ,t[] ( ,london1 & 9 ! soil ( 8 prolific m9d x prov$ ! rapidly exp&+ g]m ( t /eam-eng9e ^: triumphs h *ang$ ! social1 political1 & comm]cial aspects ( ! globe4 ,s ,india-rubb] 9 comb9ation ) sulphur may by accid5t h be5 expos$ to a high degree ( heat (t5 be=e )\t attract+ ! att5tion ( any2 & x is safe to allege t x might h be5 ?us expos$ a ?\s& times aft]w>ds1 )\t ! _w's hav+ be5 wis] or weal?i] = x4 ,! ?or\gh self-culture & tra9+ ( ! applicant & 8 unwe>i$ rese>*es prep>$ him at once to seize ^u1 to compreh5d & embody 9 a practical =m1 ! tru? he s\ght1 ! mom5t x pres5t$ itself1 no matt] h[ dimly1 to him4 ,?is 0 8 m]it--! same 9 k9d ) t ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s inv5tors :o h appe>$ 9 ! _w1 & by t ( b a few ( !m surpass$ 9 degree4 ,x is a figure ( spee*--b an exalt$ mode ( expression--:i* assigns to man any "p 9 ! "w ( creation40 ,! importance ( ?is discov]y is well und]/ood4 ,gum-ela/ic is !reby made p]man5tly ela/ic--x resi/s exposure to heat & cold--is ela/ic "u compression--is imp]vi\s to wet--resi/s ! action ( solv5ts to a rem>kable degree1 & ! attacks ( v]m9 ( all k9ds4 ,x c be m\ld$ into almo/ e conceivable %ape = use1 or beauty4 ,9 ! me*anical arts x has be5 subject$ to a ?\s& uses1 ) rem>kable success4 ,& "h we may rem>k en-passant1 t gutta-p]*a 0 discov]$ subsequ5tly1 & is already a =midable rival ( ,india-rubb] inasmu* z ! latt] is affect$ by oils1 & w1 9 a %ort "t1 except z a h>d gum1 become decompos$1 :]eas ! =m] 7gutta-p]*a7 is n affect$ 9 ! lea/ by oils or acids1 9 its pure /ate2 & "h is ! gr& secret ( ! failure ( ^? %oe manufactur]s1 :o1 ignorant ( ! fact t ^? %oes or boots cem5t$ by a rubb] filam5t w\ld 9 a %ort "t become useless1 ow+ to ! decomposition ( ! cem5t caus$ by ! oil 9 ! lea!r1 7 induc$ to make heavy outlays 9 ! fitt+ up ( l>ge manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts :i* 7 f9ally ab&on$ f ?is cause alone4 ,gutta-p]*a is a firm] & m consi/5t gum ?an ,india-rubb]4 ,gutta-p]*a :5 plac$ 9 boil+ wat] contracts consid]ably 9 bulk1 :ile ,india-rubb] exp&s4 ,gutta-p]*a juice1 :5 tak5 f ! fire1 is ( a d>k br[n color1 & consolidates 9 a few mom5ts1 & becomes h>d l wood4 ,india-rubb] sap is p]fectly :ite1 & has ! appe>ance ( ?ick cream2 :5 x coagulates1 x gives f f\r to six p>ts wat] out ( t54 ,gutta-p]*a fir/ treat$ ) wat]1 alcohol1 & e!r1 & dissolv$ ) spirits ( turp5t9e & precipitat$1 yields a sub/ance consi/5t ) ! common prop]ties ( gutta-p]*a2 b ,india-rubb] simil>ly treat$1 results 9 a sub/ance resembl+ 9 appe>ance gum arabic4 ,gutta-p]*a by di/illation yields #eg p] c5t4 ( volatile matt]2 ,india-rubb] by ! same process1 yields #he p] c5t4 ,b ,mr4 ,goodye>'s discov]ies ( vulcanization1 z appli$ to ! s(t] ela/ic comp\nds1 did n end !re4 ,he cont9u$ 8 exp]im5ts = ! space ( five ye>s f ! "t ( 8 fir/ gr& discov]y1 :5 he obta9$ 8 pat5t = ,vulcaniz$ ,h>d ,rubb]4 ,?is inv5tion 0 ! cr[n+ result ( 8 long1 pati5t1 & labori\s rese>*es4 ,probably ! entire hi/ory ( inv5tions _c furni% an in/ance ( m int5se self-sacrific+1 entire self-immolation to ! elucidation ( a great sci5tific pr9ciple1 ?an is %[n 9 ! p]si/5t labors ( ,mr4 ,goodye> :ile 9 pursuit ( ! cr[n+ discov]y ( ! age4 ,let u read ! gl[+ acc\nt ( 8 toils & disappo9tm5ts1 8 defeats & victories1 z giv5 by ! ,commission] f :om we h previ\sly quot$4 8,f ! fir/ mom5t t ! conception ent]$ 8 m9d until 8 complete success--embrac+ a p]iod ( f sixte5 to eighte5 ye>s--he appli$ himself unceas+ly & en?usia/ically to its p]fection & to its introduction into use1 9 e =m t 8 fruitful g5ius c\ld devise4 ,s int5sely 7 8 faculties conc5trat$ ^u x t he seems to h be5 incapable ( ?\ght or ( action ^u any o!r subject4 ,he _h no o!r occupation1 0 inspir$ by no o!r hope1 *]i%$ no o!r ambition4 ,he c>ri$ cont9ually ab\t 8 p]son a piece ( ,india-rubb]1 & into ! e>s ( all :o w\ld li/5 he p\r$ incessantly ! /ory ( 8 exp]im5ts & ! gl[+ language ( 8 prophecies4 ,he 01 accord+ to ! witnesses1 completely absorb$ by x1 bo? by day & night1 pursu+ x ) untir+ en]gy & ) almo/ sup]human p]sev]ance4 ,n only 7 ! p[]s ( 8 m9d & body ?us ard5tly devot$ to ! inv5tion & its introduction into use1 b e doll> he possess$ or c\ld comm& ?r\gh ! res\rces ( 8 cr$it1 or ! influ5ces ( fri5d%ip1 0 uncalculat+ly ca/ into t see?+ cauldron ( exp]im5t :i* 0 all[$ no repose4 ,! v b$ on :i* 8 wife slept1 & ! l95 t cov]$ 8 table1 7 seiz$ & sold to pay 8 bo>d1 & we see him1 ) 8 /rick5 h\sehold1 foll[+ 9 ! fun]al ( 8 *ild on foot1 because he _h no means ) :i* to hire a c>riage4 ,8 family _h to endure privations almo/ surpass+ belief1 be+ frequ5tly )\t an article ( food 9 _! h\se1 or fuel 9 ! colde/ wea!r--& inde$ x is said t !y c\ld n h liv$ ?r\gh ! w9t] ( #ahci1 b = ! k9d (fices ( a few *>itable fri5ds4 ,!y are repres5t$ z ga!r+ /icks 9 ! woods & on ! edges ( ! highways1 ) :i* to cook _! meals1 & digg+ ! potatoes ( _! little g>d5 be=e !y 7 half gr[n1 :ile "o ( 8 hungry *ildr51 9 a _s wor?y ( 8 fa!r1 is he>d express+ 8 ?anks t ?is mu* _h be5 sp>$ to !m4 ,we (t5 f9d him arre/$ & inc>c]at$ 9 ! debtor's prison1 b ev5 amid its gloom 8 vision ( ! future nev] grew dim1 8 fai? 9 8 ultimate triumph nev] falt]$4 ,undismay$ by discomfitures & sorr[s :i* might well h brok5 ! /\te/ _s1 8 language ev]y:]e1 & "u all circum/ances1 0 t ( enc\ragem5t & ( a pr(\nd conviction ( f9al success4 ,n only 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates did he ?us ex]t himself to e/abli% & apply to e possible use 8 inv5tion1 b 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 & o!r c\ntries ( ,europe1 he zeal\sly pursu$ ! same c>e]4 ,9 #ahee1 he appe>$ at ! ,_w's ,fair 9 ,p>is1 & ! gold5 m$al & ! ,gr& ,cross ( ! ,legion ( ,honor 7 aw>d$ to him z ! repres5tative ( 8 c\ntry's inv5tive g5ius4 ,=tune1 h[ev]1 :ile ?us c>ess+ him ) "o h&1 0 at ! same mom5t smit+ him ) ! o!r2 = we le>n f ! te/imony t ^! brilliant memorials pass$ f ! ,emp]or & rea*$ _! honor$ recipi5t1 !n ! occupant ( a debtor's prison among /rang]s 9 a =eign l&--?us add+ yet ano!r to t long sad catalogue ( public b5efactors :o h /ood neglect$ & impov]i%$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! wav+ h>ve/ ( bless+s !y _h be/[$ ^u _! race4 ,?r\gh\t all ^! sc5es ( trial1 s vividly depict$ by ! evid5ce1 he d]iv$ no support f ! sympa?ies ( ! public4 ,:ile ! community at l>ge seem$ to h look$ on him z "o *as+ a phantom1 !re 7 times :5 ev5 8 be/ fri5ds turn$ away f him z an idle vision>y1 & he 0 fat$ to enc\nt] on e side sne]s & ridicule1 to :i* ea* baffl$ exp]im5t & ! pecuni>y loss x inflict$ add$ a yet ke5] edge4 ,! m]c5>y1 naturally en\gh1 pron\nc$ 8 exp5ditures1 s freely made1 culpably wa/eful2 ! selfi% & ! n>r[-m9d$ greet$ ! expression ( 8 enl>g$ & f>-rea*+ views z ! rav+s ( an en?usia/2 :ile x is fair to inf] f ! depositions1 t n a few ( ! timid & plodd+ :o cl+1 trembl+ly appreh5sive ( *ange1 to ! beat5 pa?s ( human ?\ght & action1 reg>d$ him z w&]+ on ! v br9k ( insanity1 if n already pursu+ its wild & flick]+ lights4 ,su* 9 all times has be5 ! fate ( ! greate/ spirits t h appe>$ on ! ar5a ( human discov]y1 & su* w probably cont9ue to be ! doom ( all ^: /alw>t /rides c>ry !m 9 advance ( ! race to :i* !y belong4 ,) su* a record ( toil1 ( privation1 ( c\rage & ( p]sev]ance 9 ! mid/ ( disc\ragem5ts ! mo/ depress+1 x is safe to affirm t n only has ! applicant us$ t due dilig5ce enjo9$ by law1 b t 8 dilig5ce has be51 9 degree & 9 m]it1 p]haps )\t p>allel 9 ! annals ( inv5tion40 ,! *ange produc$ 9 ! native gum has be5 aptly comp>$ to ! *ange :i* is wr\ght 9 ! p]i%able hide by ! process ( tann+4 ,we c h>dly e/imate ! uses to :i* ?is 8vulcanite0 may be appli$1 or r we may say we %all f9d x q z difficult to say :at uses x _c be made to subs]ve4 ,x c h>dly be d5om9at$ an improvem5t1 b a creation4 ,daniel ,web/] 9 8 great plea1 ,goodye> vs4 ,day1 eloqu5tly rem>ks t1 8x introduces q a new mat]ial into ! manufacture ( ! arts1 t mat]ial be+ no?+ less ?an ela/ic metal4 ,x is h>d l a metal1 & z ela/ic z pure orig9al gum ela/ic4 ,x is z great & mom5t\s a ph5om5on occurr+ to m5 9 ! progress ( _! k1 z x w\ld be = a man to %[ t iron & gold c\ld rema9 iron & gold1 & yet become ela/ic z ,india-rubb]40 ,mr4 ,goodye> d5om9ates ?is improvem5t 8metallic gum ela/ic40 ,?is article is ext5sively us$1 & may be wr\ght into ?\s& %apes1 f massive blocks to ! ?9ne/ %eets4 ,x is susceptible ( a beautiful poli%1 & possesses great firmness & durability4 ,x already con/itutes an important /aple ( comm]ce4 ,millions ( doll>s are inve/$ 9 its manufacture1 bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,x is l>gely wr\ght into imitations ( m>ble1 wood1 lea!r1 :alebone1 %ell1 horn1 c4 ,! imitation is s p]fect z to deceive ev5 a practis$ eye1 & :ile x s closely resembles ! v>i\s articles allud$ to1 x is m durable & p]man5t ?an _m ( !m1 inasmu* z x rema9s unaffect$ by heats or colds1 dampness or extreme dryness2 no corrosion1 oxidation1 nor decay4 ,x excels 9 beauty1 nicety ( f9i%1 & 9 durability1 ^? tr9kets ( glass & jet1 :i*1 9 ! common =m1 are s liable to in/ant de/ruction by *ildr54 ,few p]sons h any adequate conception ( ! wond]ful trans=mations to :i* vulcanite may be *ang$1 or its important position 9 ! indu/rial arts4 ,hav+ trac$ at l5g? ! discov]y ( vulcanization & its cont+5t results1 we n[ call att5tion to rem>ks t h appe>$ 9 v>i\s ,engli% sci5tific works1 ( ackn[l$g$ au?ority4 ,! :ole process ( vulcanization & its application is fully & cle>ly set =?4 ,& "h we w\ld rem>k t ! ,engli% h n be5 backw>d 9 publi%+ ) comm5dable lib]ality ! v>i\s discov]ies & improvem5ts z !y 7 p]fect$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 all ! ,am]ican inv5tors h /udi\sly avoid$1 n only ! publication ( _! discov]ies1 b h endeavor$ to ob/ruct & prev5t all inve/igation1 ! publication ( :i* w\ld simply make kn[n to ! _w ! results ( _! g5ius4 ,! object seems to h be5 to ?r[ an air ( my/]y ar\nd _! discov]ies1 & by ?us pres]v+ to !mselves _! secrets1 be enabl$ to place an undue value ^u ! manufactur$ article4 ,7 !y n fully protect$ 9 ! manufacture & sale ( _! goods1 by ! pat5ts :i* h be5 s lavi%ly grant$1 ,am]ican inv5tors w\ld be fully ju/ifi$ 9 pres]v+ z pr(\nd secrets1 ! results ( _! p]sev]ance & pati5t toil1 b z x is1 we c see no sub/antial reason = ?is endeavor to %ield f ! public eye t :i* w\ld add to ! g5]al /ock ( sci5tific k1 & c\ld b be honorable to ! manl9ess & g5ius ( ! discov]]4 ,we are indebt$ to ! ,london ,me*anic's ,magaz9e = _m ( ! valuable ?\ghts :i* we %all n[ introduce to ! read]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,vulcanization4 ,we h attempt$ to %[1 t among/ ! numb] ( advantages claim$ = ! h>d vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 is t ( ! p[] ( closely imitat+ almo/ any article1 sub/ance1 or mat]ial4 ,9 do+ ?is1 we ought to h ref]r$ to ! ,vulcanite ,c\rt ( ! ,cry/al ,palace = a full corroboration ( ! position we desir$ to assume4 ,we are n[ ab\t to advance a /ep f>!r1 & %all put =w>d pro(s t h>d ,india-rubb]1 submitt$ to a c]ta9 facile process1 n only has a "r to be plac$ side by side ) almo/ all & e mat]ial x affects to imitate1 b has a fur!r "r to be consid]$ z sup]ior4 ,( c\rse !re are exceptionable cases to ?is1 z 9 all rules1 & ^! w be po9t$ out dur+ ?is attempt to give a ?\ght-be>+ dige/ ( ! pres5t position ( ?is discov]y4 ,! mat]ial produc$ by vulcanization be+ z h>d z1 & capable ( a great] am\nt ( we>1 ?an iron1 brass1 &1 9 _m cases1 ev5 ?an /eel1 we h ! elem5t ( durability to />t )2 & x mu/ be recollect$1 t ?is wond]ful p[] ( resi/+ we>1 bo? f friction & ! action ( ! atmosph]e is end[$ by a process z facile z t possess$ by ! bak] ( %ip biscuits4 ,t :ile ! mass or d\gh is 9 its s(t /ate1 x falls into1 & z x 71 c\rts ! requir$ =m ( its future exi/5ce ) a flu5cy possess$ by sc>cely any o!r mat]ial4 ,designs ( ! mo/ exquisite k9d1 or ( ! simple/ "*1 may ?us be turn$ out l tea cakes1 & l tea cakes c>ri$ to ! vulcaniz+ ov54 ,b "h1 ! simile /ops1 = ^! biscuits ( ,mr4 ,goodye> defy ! tee? ( "t & ! dige/ion ( ages4 ,!re are manufactur]s1 h[ev]1 t cry out1 8we don't want articles t w la/40 ,?is is a n>r[ view ( ?+s4 ,exp]i5ce is oppos$ to s unju/ a s5tim5t4 ,a mom5t's ?\ght w\ld =ev] dispel ! illusion4 ,is !re any less dem& = iron furniture or iron h\sehold ut5sils1 because su* articles 9 t metal w la/ long] ?an o!rs8 ,or is ! diamond less priz$ because x is ne>ly inde/ructible8 ,! family ( mank9d1 ev] gr[+ & increas+1 ) its v>i$ wants1 its con/ant *anges ( =tune & alt]ations 9 its ta/es1 its coquetry1 & its caprice1 w f9d = ! indu/ry ( ! _w q en\gh to keep x employ$4 ,) ! introduction ( ma*9]y !re 0 to h be5 a less dem& = 8h&s20 ) ! introduction ( railways1 horses 7 lit]ally to g to ! dogs4 ,ne$ in/ances be multipli$8 ,p]haps x w\ld be bett] to d s1 :ile su* a feel+ is 9 ! asc5dant2 b space is imp]ative1 al?\gh prejudice is /ubborn4 ,b1 v naturally obs]ves ! read] :o has possess$ himself ( "s "o or m ( ! specim5s f ! ,cry/al ,palace1 8?is quality ( *eapness is a my?40 ,i = "o h put x to ! te/1 & ?is /ick1 = in/ance1 co/ me #es4 or ?is p5cil #bs4 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! /ick or ! p5cil %\ld be comp>$ ) any o!r /icks or p5cils pr(ess+ all ! recomm5dations ( ^? 9 "q1 to arrive at a fair appreciation2 & 9 ! next1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t ^? examples are produc$ f abroad4 ,!y be> a duty1 & 9 _m cases1 !y proce$ f small & exp]im5tal op]ations4 ,we h made especial inquiries into ^! facts1 & f9d t su* is ! case1 & t su* circum/ances are no m ?an reasonable1 z app]ta9+ to e inv5tion ^u its fir/ introduction4 ,! ,dagu]reotype is a case 9 po9t4 ,! inv5tor1 & all ^? conc]n$ 9 plac+ ! discov]y be=e ! public1 take c>e t ! prices %all be kept s t a remun]ation %all be obta9$ be=e x is let d[n to ! b>e co/ ( production1 add$1 x may be1 to int]e/ ^u capital employ$4 ,! mass1 9 its s(t /age1 does its own "w2 t is to say1 a %eet ( x may be laid ov] a m\ld1 & ! b>e weight ( a %ovel full ( s& ca/ ^u x w press x into e l9eam5t ( ! matrix4 ,?is %eet ( ! s(t mat]ial may h = its compon5ts1 a l>ge proportion ( oxide or ( saw-du/1 z ! desire may be ei!r an imitation ( bronze or ( "s p>ticul> wood1 or o!r mat]ial4 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,*>les ,goodye>1 9 an unpubli%$ "w ^u ! subject1 /ates t ! fir/ pair ( ,india-rubb] ov]-%oes 7 made by himself & daught] 9 a cell> 9 ,new ,york4 ,!re are n[ millions ( !m made ea* ye> at ! v>i\s ,india-rubb] mills ?r\gh\t ,am]ica1 ,france & ,belgium4 ,b a s+ul> desire to appreciate & foll[ sequ5ces1 & an indomitable p]sev]ance 9 conqu]+ difficulties1 appe>s to h act$ ^u ! indu/ri\s m9d ( ,mr4 ,goodye>1 9 ?is direction ) peculi> =ce4 ,! ,india-rubb] ov] %oe p]fect$1 ,mr4 ,goodye> did n sit d[n quietly to contemplate 8 "w1 ev5 :5 app>5tly complete1 b /rongly conv9c$ t !re 0 m to d ?an cov]+ ! feet ( nations ) a wat]-pro( sub/ance1 h[ev] symmetrical 9 its =m & com=table 9 its fit "u almo/ e circum/ance1 he felt t if ! lea!r boot or %oe c\ld be altoge!r disp5s$ )1 & !re c\ld be sub/itut$ = x an ,india-rubb] boot or %oe1 a boon ( priceless wor? w\ld be conf]r$ ^u humanity1 ! m s z ! item ( boots & %oes to a poor family1 or ev5 to a p]son ( mod]ate means1 0 "o ( consid]able importance4 ,to r$uce ! co/ ( ?is article ( clo?+1 & to give to ! poor man a pair ( boots at "o-?ird ( ! pres5t exp5se1 & n z n[1 at m ?an "o-half ( 8 week's wages1 has be5 "o ( ! special objects ( ,mr4 ,goodye>'s untir+ life4 ,t he w succe$ 9 ?is1 !re n[ exi/s n a %ad[ ( d\bt4 ,! comb9ations ( ! h>d1 ! semi-h>d1 & ! s(t vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 h giv5 him all ! ne$ful elem5ts ( success1 & ere long1 boots & %oes ( ,india-rubb] :i* ne$ n a morsel ( lea!r = _! =mation1 w be z pl5tiful z ov]-%oes are n[1 & ev5 m s4 ,! p[] ( ! h>d1 ! semi-h>d1 & ! s(t vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] to resi/ we>1 is "o ( _! extraord9>y features4 ,heels1 = in/ance1 made ( ! s(t mat]ial1 h be5 put on to %oes ( boys at ! ,unit$ ,p>i% ,s*ool at ,norwood1 & on to ! toes ( ! same boots iron tips ( ! eigh? ( an in* h be5 secur$4 ,! result ( ?is te/ has be5 t ! iron has be5 worn out1 & ! heel1 :5 remov$ & weigh$1 has sc>cely suff]$ ! slighte/ appreciable diff]5ce 9 weight or d5sity4 ,mr4 ,goodye> has already made arrangem5ts to disp]se heels ( ?is mat]ial by ! hog%ead4 ,he fa%ions !m 9 a circul> =m mak+ ! out] m>g9 ( ! h>d mat]ial & ! inn] circle ( ! s(t4 ,! h>d mat]ial is smoo? & beautifully poli%$4 ,x does n require black+1 & w keep its lu/re a long "t4 ,! c5tre bulb projects beyond ! surface ( ! h>d r+1 & :5 trodd5 ^u yields & is flatt5$ by ! weight ( ! body4 ,"o ( ! applications ( ?is =m ( heel be>s directly ^u ! p]fectibility ( a boot or %oe :olly made ( ,india-rubb]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! rot>y pr9ciple ( heel is employ$ :i* "o might suppose almo/ an unnecess>y arrangem5t1 & 9 ! next1 ! peculi> =m ( ! bulb or lobe acts :5 press$ ^u z a valve or air-pump1 & s5ds at e /ep into ^? %oes or boots prop]ly prep>$1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( air1 or p]haps x w\ld be m correct to say1 x displaces a c]ta9 am\nt ( air :i* f9ds r5ewal f o!r p>ts ( ! boot4 ,is a boot made unsightly8--n 9 ! lea/4 ,!y are really elegant 9 =m & g5]al cont\r4 ,our read]s are famili> ) ! corrugat$ dress boots4 ,! ,india-rubb] boots we h se5 closely imitat$ ^!1 b x may be add$1 t 9 ?us copy+1 ,mr4 ,goodye> copies 8 own1 z ! corrugat$ dress boot 0 introduc$ m to prep>e ! eye = :at 0 to foll[1 ?an to give ! beau ( ,new ,york1 ( ,p>is1 & ( ,london1 any p>ticul> /yle ( dress boot4 ,9 ?is1 ,mr4 ,goodye> displays a consummate k ( human nature4 ,_h he br\ght out a corrugat$ boot )\t ?is avant c\ri] & *ild ( fa%ion1 8 inv5tion might h possess$ v ess5tial recomm5dations b t ( 8optical famili>ity10 & ! "w ( ye>s w\ld h be5 z n\ght4 ,we may m5tion "h a *>act]i/ic ( ,mr4 ,goodye>'s inv5tive g5ius4 ,he consid]s failures z /epp+-/ones to success4 ,he tells "o ( ! _m well select$ aids by :om he is surr\nd$1 to d su* & su* a ?+4 ,! me*anician returns aft] giv+ 8 e>ne/ att5tion to ! task1 ) a some?+ s clumsy or s ridicul\s t x ei!r raises ! fe> ( c5sure or ! dread ( laught] z ! rew>d ( 8 pa9s2 b nei!r laught] or c5sure await him4 ,! result is j :at its orig9ator expect$2 ! practical application confirms 8 views4 ,a doz5 failures1 p]haps fifty1 p]haps two hundr$1 wait ^u ^! ef=ts1 b ) ?is valuable diff]5ce1 t ea* failure approa*es1 directly or indirectly1 ! some?+ t ! m9d desir$ to arrive at4 ,?us1 ea* ?+ is1 z x 71 hemm$ 92 x is *eck-mat$ by ^! f>-see+ moves1 & sci5ce1 ! antagoni/ 9 ?is noble game1 r5d]s up ! covet$ object ( an intellectual /ruggle4 ,9 a ^w1 x is a practical ex]cise ( inductive philosophy1 or ! algebra ( me*anics gett+ at positive & useful facts by means my/]i\s & un9telligible to ord9>y compreh5sions4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,vulcanization4 ,camph9e or turp5t9e1 oil ( sassafras1 & all ! ess5tial oils1 are fai?ful te/s ( ! quality ( gum ela/ic1 & z c]ta9 9 _! tale-tell+ z nitric acid is ( ! g5u95ess ( gold4 ,z ! native gums1 & also ! common manufacture ( gum ela/ic h ! same g5]al appe>ance z ^? t are vulcaniz$1 m p>ticul>ly to p]sons n acqua9t$ ) ! manufacture nor judges ( ! goods1 ^! te/s are ( ! utmo/ importance1 n alone to det]m9e :e!r ! goods are g5u9e1 b also to asc]ta9 :e!r ^? t are vulcaniz$ are prop]ly done4 ,:5 ^! te/s are appli$ to any fabric ( native gum1 x is r5d]$ v adhesive1 & s quickly z to de/roy any light fabric almo/ imm$iately1 :ile ^u goods t are well vulcaniz$1 !y %\ld h no su* effect4 ,if !y d s ! manufacture is bad4 ,al?\gh ! manufacture ( h>d ,india-rubb] goods1 by ! process ( vulcaniz+1 is ext5sively kn[n & appreciat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 ,france & ,belgium1 v little appe>s to be und]/ood 9 ,great ,brita94 ,inde$1 9 ,birm+ham1 :i* is ju/ly t]m$ ! 8"w-%op ( ! _w10 little or no?+1 or if any?+1 a some?+ am\nt+ to a misund]/&+1 w\ld comprise ! quantity ( intellig5ce ^u ! subject4 ,!re c be little d\bt1 h[ev]1 t z ! inf9ite capabilities ( ! mat]ial become kn[n1 & ju/ly e/eem$1 & its amaz+ applications get manife/$1 no "o ?+ ( late ye>s1 surpris+ z ! *anges h be5 9 t neighborhood1 w h caus$ s great a revolution 9 v _m ( ! /aple manufactures ( t t[n z w ! introduction ( ?is discov]y4 ,z reg>ds ! p[] to be us$ 9 ! manufacture1 /eam has a decid$ advantage ov] wat]1 z 9 ! pla/ic /ate ( ! mass !re exi/s a v>iety ( proce$+s1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! mat]ial to be made or ! object to be imitat$1 9 :i* /eam w\ld h to play a conspicu\s "p4 ,b x mu/ be 9 ?is c\ntry z 9 ,am]ica & else:]e1 t z ! manufacture ext5ds1 s w ! be/ & mo/ suitable ma*9]y & p[] be devis$ & r5d]$ subs]vi5t to its developm5t4 ,:5 ! manufacture is favor$ ) ! advantages ( /eam p[]1 & l>ge capital1 ! mo/ pr(itable results h be5 & are att5dant ^u x2 & p]haps !re are few manufactures :i* require less comp>ative space1 & 9 :i* less wa/e is consequ5t4 ,!re %\ld n be a p>ticle ( ! sub/ance lo/1 z all cutt+s1 sweep+s ( ! factory1 & ! v du/ ^u all ?+s ar\nd1 c be re-work$ ) pr(it & advantage4 ,inde$1 x is "h t we %\ld make publicly kn[n ! fact t e article ( vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 be>s its value accord+ to its make & k9d1 h[ev] old x may be4 ,z a g5]al impression exi/s t ,india-rubb] :5 once vulcaniz$ _c be aga9 us$1 ?is /atem5t %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 & ! greate/ publicity giv5 to x 9 ord] t ! millions ( p\nds n[ ly+ wa/e 9 ! %ape ( galo%oes1 c41 may n be he$lessly ?r[n away4 ,! old ,jew clo!sm5 w at once op5 _! eyes to ! fact1 & ! valet or humble s]vant girl w f9d 9 _! collection & sale an increase to _! p]quisites1 9 proportion to ! consci5ces ( ^? ) :om !y deal4 ,"h1 !n1 we h important elem5ts ( economy1 at ! v beg9n+ & end ( ! manufacture1 if end t c h :i* has ! attribute ( a r5ewal ( usefulness4 ,galo%oes may be call$ 9 z worn out sov]eigns & %ill+s are n[1 & return+ to _! m9t1 be melt$ up & re-/amp$ = r5ew$ circulation4 ,ano!r advantage 9 ! manufacture is1 t ! same tools are employ$ = its v>i\s bran*es1 & ! same op]atives c be turn$ f ! mak+ ( "o description ( an article to ano!r1 )\t delay or exp5se4 ,a girl1 = in/ance1 :o may be engag$ z ! mak] ( g>m5ts "o day1 may become ! next a trunk1 a h>ness1 or a %oemak]2 & on ! ?ird1 f9d h]self occupi$ 9 press+ out ( ! s(t & ductile mass broo*es1 & o!r articles ( adornm5t1 :i* be+ aft]w>ds vulcaniz$1 & ?us r5d]$ almo/ imp]i%able1 may s]ve to encircle ! neck1 clasp ! arm1 or hang p5dant f ! wai/ ( ,brita9's faire/ daught]s4 ,! ma*9]y employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]1 s9ce ! fir/ attempts to "w x1 has be5 subject$ to v>iation & gradual improvem5t4 ,num]\s exp$i5ts & div]s ma*9es 7 e>ly tri$ = *opp+1 gr9d+ & spread+ ! gum1 & also = fl[+ x 9 a liquid or semi-liquid /ate1 :i* h be5 ab&on$4 ,x is n[ g5]ally agre$ by manufactur]s 9 ?is bus9ess1 t ! ma*9]y is z ne> p]fection z c be atta9$2 t is to say1 !y are all satisfi$ ) x4 ,b 9 ?is age ( improvem5ts1 we might see to-morr[ "o ma*9e do+ ! "w ( two or m1 & all calculations z to p]fectibility oblit]at$1 b to beg9 aga9 ^u fre% data4 ,x mu/ h[ev] be admitt$ t x is ( ! mo/ simple k9d1 do+ ! "w well & ) a/oni%+ rapidity1 al?\gh requir+ great me*anical p[]1 ow+ to ! t\ghness & t5acity ( ! gum4 ,! ma*9e us$ = cutt+ & wa%+ ! gum is ! same z t employ$ by pap]-mak]s 9 cutt+ rags4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! ,india-rubb] 0 ne>ly useless f ! quantity ( b>k 9 x until ?is eng9e came into use4 ,gum-ela/ic or ,india-rubb] c be readily mix$ or comb9$ ) almo/ e o!r sub/ance4 ,x may be mix$ ) o!r gums1 oils1 coal-t>1 c>bon1 & ) ! e>?s1 & oxides or pulv]iz$ metals or ores4 ,x c likewise be comb9$ ) all fibr\s products4 ,x is comp\nd$ 9 ! manufacture ) _m ( ! above sub/ances1 = ! purpose ( obta9+ p>ticul> advantages = special uses4 ,gr\nd cork & o!r light mat]ials are sometimes mix$ ) ! gum to increase ! bulk1 & make ! articles light4 ,! oxides ( metals1 _! fil+s & pulv]iz$ silicas w give imitations ( m>ble4 ,! fibre ( cotton1 or ! du/ ( diff]5t woods w af=d simulations ( wood ( great] or less gravity1 z may be requir$4 ,! comb9+ ( plumbago gives ! crayon2 oxide ( z9c1 produces li?ographic /one1 & s on1 & on4 ,pigm5ts & e>?s are us$ = color & *eapness1 & to increase ! weight ( ! fabric z 9 ! case ( c>pet+4 ,bitum5 & ros9 are sometimes us$ to give articles a f9i%1 or high lu/re4 ,oxides ( "s ( ! metals are us$1 b :ite lead & li?>ge are commonly pref]r$4 ,f two to f\r ounces ( ei!r ( ^! metals to ! p\nd ( gum cause ! articles1 & p>ticul>ly ^? t are ?ick or massive1 to be readily *ang$ or vulcaniz$1 & m completely1 or ) great] uni=mity4 ,sulphur is appli$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( heat 9 diff]5t ways1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! articles or fabrics1 & _! uses4 ,x is g5]ally mix$ 9 ! process ( cru%+ or gr9d+ ! gum1 9 ! proportion ( half an ounce ( sulphur to ! p\nd ( gum = ! vulcaniz$ ela/ic goods1 & ab\t five or six ounces to ! p\nd ( gum = ! 8vulcanite10 or h>d goods4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ab\t #bgj ( heat are necess>y1 & 9 ! latt]1 #cjj to #caj4 ,at o!r times ! sulphur is du/$ ^u ! articles 9 ! =m ( fl\r ( sulphur be=e !y are plac$ 9 ! heat] or ov54 ,?is is commonly done 9 ! manufacture ( ela/ic ?read & o!r articles1 :i* possess no extrane\s mixture1 9 :i* case ! gum is p5etrat$ or impregnat$ ) ! sulphur1 )\t its be+ mix$ ) ! gum 9 ! crude /ate4 ,en\gh has be5 giv5 9 ?is *apt] to p]mit ( ! intellig5t & ?\ghtful at once foll[+ u1 9 ! manufacture & f9i% (--we w say = example--buttons4 ,! mass 9 a t\gh b pla/ic /ate1 a t\ghness & pla/icity 9 comb9ation ) :i* !re exi/s no approa*able p>allel--hav+ be5 s r5d]$ by simply plung+ x into boil+ wat]1 becomes ( z easy manipulation z clay4 ,inde$ ! mat]ial 9 ?is /age be+ s l clay1 we c sc>cely po9t to any bett] illu/ration ?an ! porcela9 button manufacture1 :i* be+ famili> to mo/1 !re c be no ne$ to detail4 ,treat$ ?us l clay1 ! m\lds may be fill$ by ! gross1 & ! buttons aft]w>ds submitt$ to vulcanization4 ,! m\lds may be> any impress1 & h[ev] f9e su* patt]ns may be1 ! mat]ial w receive & reta9 !m aft] vulcanization1 to a degree :i* w defy e p[] t de/roys all o!r sub/ances %ort ( ^? ( actual cutt+1 fil+1 or gr9d+4 ,?us a button is produc$ at an extraord9>y economical rate1 & ) m>vell\s ease1 :i*1 :ile comp>+ ! facility ( its orig9 to t ( ! porcela91 possesses ! sup]lative qualities ( be+ comp>able ) "o made ) ! prop]ties & /r5g? ( iron or o!r metal1 & 9 imitation ( bronze1 ivory1 cameo1 & is1 inde$1 a sub/itute = any o!r1 & ! v be/ mat]ial or ?+ ev] us$ = button mak+4 ,9 a ^w1 x may possess ! close/ similitude to ! mo/ exquisite c>v+1 ) ! prop]ties ( bronze1 ivory1 or any h>d & sc>ce mat]ial4 ,! applications z f> z results are conc]n$1 are att5d$ ) l favorable *>act]i/ics1 :e!r ! article produc$ be ne>ly e "o ( ^? innum]able & famili> ?+s1 :i* meet u at ea* turn1 ei!r )9 ! palace or cottage1 or ! _m o!rs to be met ) out ( doors4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,vulcanization4 ,! importance ( ! improvem5ts 9 gum-ela/ic = educational purposes1 has be5 previ\sly comm5t$ ^u 9 previ\s portions ( ^! notices1 & we w\ld n[ give a little additional space to "s ( ! _m purposes 9 ?is direction1 :i* assi/ 9 fill+ up ! almo/ inf9ite measure ( ! uses ( vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]4 ,mu* has be5 done to p]fect !m1 b en\gh has already be5 accompli%$ to prove t ! causes ( education w h]eaft] be promot$ by ! use ( _m articles made ( ! vulcaniz$ fabrics4 ,! *eapness ( "s ( ^! articles1 comp>$ ) ! co/ ( ^? ( o!r mat]ials1 gives d\ble assurance ( ! correctness ( ?is view4 ,! exp5siv5ess ( globes1 = in/ance1 :i* are admitt$ by all to be by f> ! be/ means ( imp>t+ & obta9+ geographical & a/ronomical in=mation1 has r5d]$ !m accessible to few p]sons1 ei!r pupils or tea*]s4 ,! adaptation & application ( gum-ela/ic to ^! purposes1 w br+ )9 ! rea* ( e y\? 9 ! commone/ s*ool1 a p]fect globe1 at a price )9 _! means1 & maps m durable ?an lea!r or p>*m5t1 at *eap] rates ?an pap] maps are n[ made :5 m\nt$ on l954 99 99 99 99 99 ,! outl9e maps :i* we h se51 are pr9t$ ^u ! vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] fabrics1 bo? transp>5t & opaque1 & also ^u v>i\s articles to be us$ = o!r purposes besides maps1 su* z piano cov]s1 crumb clo?s1 & c>pets4 ,arrangem5ts are be+ made = ?is manufacture1 :i* may facilitate ! me?od ( tea*+ f outl9e maps by pr9t+ on ?is mat]ial1 maps ( ! _w1 ^u a scale l>ge en\gh = 8pap]+0 ! sides ( an ord9>y siz$ room ( a s*ool h\se1 academy1 public lecture room1 or dwell+4 ,! same map1 :5 susp5d$ at a suitable di/ance f ! wall1 ) lights plac$ beh9d x1 may be us$ z a transp>5cy = tea*+ at night4 ,a s]ies ( sectional maps pr9t$ on a scale z l>ge z c be conv5i5tly pr9t$ ^u cal5d]s1 aft] ! mann] ( calico-pr9t+1 may be cem5t$ toge!r1 & arrang$ ^u roll]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! globe has h]et(ore be5 s exp5sive1 z to be f\nd only 9 s*ools ( ! high] class4 ,no =m ( map or atlas c give s correct an idea ( ! surface ( ! e>?1 or ( ! relative situation ( places1 z a globe4 ,an attempt appe>s to h be5 made by ,mr4 ,goodye> to make !m ( gum-ela/ic1 soon aft] ! discov]y ( ! 8acid gas process40 ,^! attempts h be5 foll[$ up at int]vals1 until ! production ( ! pres5t process4 ,!y are made ( v>i\s sizes1 & :5 emboss$ by ! me?od describ$ 9 ! manufacture ( holl[ w>e--by /eam & vulcanization--!y may be made to supply ! pres5t defici5cy ( globes = ! bl9d4 ,_! utility & importance to ! cause ( education ne$ n1 we are sure1 be insi/$ ^u1 :5 x is und]/ood t any *ild c be furni%$ ) a p]fect globe at a price to come )9 ord9>y means4 ,:5 us$ !y are inflat$ ) air1 & :5 collaps$1 may be fold$ 9 s small a compass z to be no incumbrance "u any circum/ances4 ,:5 ! l>ge sizes are fill$ ) hydrog5 !y become highly ornam5tal & beautiful objects4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,india-,,rubb]--7,ca\t*\c47 ,e article ( comm]ce t is susceptible ( adult]ation is sure to fall into ! h&s ( ^? :o seem to be peculi>ly educat$ to ! "w ( dilut+1 & r$uc+ by v>i\s *emical processes ! real value ( ! article to be c\nt]feit$4 ,no matt] h[ *eap ! pure sub/ance c be obta9$1 "s me?od mu/ be conjur$ up by :i* ! innoc5t pur*as] or consum] is unconsci\sly dup$4 ,india-rubb] & gutta-p]*a are among ! vegetable gums1 :i* h be5 mo/ ext5sively adult]at$4 ,x long s9ce became a matt] ( sci5tific rese>* 9 ,engl&1 to asc]ta9 h[ great a p] c5t4 ,india-rubb] c\ld be r$uc$1 by ! admixture ( wor?less comp\nds1 & ! same skill has be5 ?us p]v]t$ 9 our own c\ntry4 ,9 ,prussia1 a law 0 pass$ 9 #ahef1 mak+ ! adult]ation ( *emicals & articles ( consumption by :i* life %all be endang]$1 an (f5ce puni%able ) dea?4 ,! simple adult]ation ( food or dr9k ) any delet]i\s sub/ance1 is puni%able ) fifte5 ye>s' h>d labor2 & any o!r adult]ation is reg>d$ z *eat+ 7betrug71 & is puni%$ accord+ly4 ,h[ev] sev]e or /r+5t ^! laws may seem to a republican m9d1 !y are nev]!less j4 ,:at is ! sale ( an adult]at$ article1 b ! obta9+ ( money "u false pret5ces1 & :y %\ld n e rude infraction ( ! law ( "r1 be visit$ by "s adequate p5alty8 ,a s]ies ( lett]s 7 publi%$ 9 #ahef1 9 ,engl&1 "u ! above caption1 :i* %[s v cle>ly ! ext5t to :i* ! practice ( adult]ation _h !n be5 c>ri$4 ,we h]e) give ! mo/ important /atem5t conta9$ 9 ^? lett]s4 ,! lett]s ref]r$ to 7 writt5 by ,william ,h4 ,h]b]t1 ,esq41 & address$ to ! ,editor ( ! ,london ,me*anics' ,magaz9e4 ,he comm5c$ ! s]ies by rem>k+ t z adult]ation by *eap comp\nds mix$ ) ca\t*\c or ,india-rubb]1 are ext5sively us$ by eng9e]s1 he desires to submit a brief acc\nt ( ! processes1 etc41 by :i* !y are mix$4 ,java & ,p>a rubb] w float ^u wat]1 & all manufactur$ goods free ( =eign matt]1 are ( ! same d5sity2 & j 9 proportion z manufactur$ articles1 su* z valves1 rail buff]s1 c>riage & eng9e spr+s1 wa%]s1 hose1 c41 s9k 9 wat]1 s 9 exact ratio1 are !y adult]at$ ) "s *eap pigm5t1 ( :i* ! foll[+ are a few1 & usually 9 ext5t f #cj to #ajj p] c5t4 ,say !n1 *alk1 ,p>is :ite1 ,cornwall or porcela9 clay1 b>ytes1 oxide z9c1 :ite & r$ lead1 ivory black1 lampblack1 black lead1 ,spani% br[n1 c41 c4 ,int]e/$ manufactur]s w tell y !y improve ! article1 be> great] pressure1 c42 b z a rule ?is is a m]e trade subt]fuge1 ! tru? be+1 x enables manufactur]s to obta9 extortionate pr(its1 :i*1 :5 ,i submit ! exact =mulas1 w be v cle>ly se54 ,eng9e]s d n seem suffici5tly alive to ?is "q ( d5sity4 ,( c\rse 9 color$ articles1 x is necess>y to use "s pigm5t1 b x is ! mon/r\s excess t ,i wi% to expose1 & applies m p>ticul>ly to ! ,am]ican inodor\s sy/em4 ,i ?9k x only fair to ,messrs4 ,mack9to% ,co41 to admit1 t mo/ ( _! goods ,i h exam9$ float on wat]2 b ,i "k no?+1 & h no int]e/ :atev] 9 _! e/abli%m5t1 b simply /ate ! fact1 because ,i h f\nd !y =m ! exception to ?is adult]at+ or mix+ sy/em4 ,:at ,i wi% m especially to impress ^u ! m9ds ( eng9e]s1 is ! ready mode !y h ( discov]+ or asc]ta9+ ^: make is be/ & *eape/1 & x is m likely an ,india-rubb] valve ( same dim5sions at #bs4 #f;d4 p] lb41 w co/ m money ?an "o at #ds4 #f;d4 p] lb41 aris+ solely f ! extravagant mixture ( ^! *eap pigm5ts1 & its great d5sity ov] ! latt]4 ,java ,india-rubb]1 :i* is mo/ly us$1 is at ?is mom5t ab\t #g;d4 p] lb41 & be/ ,p>a %eet ab\t #as4 #aa;d4 99 99 ,if !y are fair goods = usual "w1 !n ,i tru/ ! in=mation ,i supply may enable contractors to obta9 _! wants by competition1 furni%+ _! own =m4 ,?is w realize a great sav+ to !m2 b !y mu/ n be induc$ to accept goods ( great] d5sity "u ! plea ( be+ bett]4 ,! ,java gum us$ 9 ^! adult]at$ articles is gr\nd )\t und]go+ ! process ( cleans+1 b 9 all articles ( light d5sity1 ! clean+ ma*9e frees x f all gritty matt]1 & x is usually employ$ 9 ?is cleans$ /ate = su*1 z well z all gray or :ite goods4 ,messrs4 ,mack9to% ,co41 claim 9 _! pat5t = vulcaniz+ all ! prep>ations ( sulphur1 & )\t x1 s f> z ,i "k & believe1 no sub/itute has yet1 or is likely to be discov]$ at a price :i* c r5d] x comm]cially available4 ,inde$1 ,i d\bt :e!r any o!r ?an sulphur\s bodies w vulcanize1 or r5d] fit = ! use ( ! eng9e]s ! gum call$ ,india-rubb]4 ,h5ce1 ! reason :y _m ( ! manufactur]s are lic5s$ "u t firm1 & subject to h _! goods s /amp$4 ,! ,am]ican inodor\s mak]s attempt$ to %ield !mselves1 7b on legally try+ ! po9t7 9 va94 ,! scre5 aga9/ ,mr4 ,mack9to%'s pat5t 0 call$1 z a bl9d1 8hypo40 ,x is prep>$ 9 sev]al ways1 b is a comp\nd ( sulphur & lead1 & :5 p]fect & ! lime well wa%$ away1 is a v excell5t black1 co/+ ab\t #cjs4 p] cwt42 b its :ole efficacy re/s ) ! sulphur1 & )\t x w\ld n vulcanize1 7?\gh lead works k9dly ) ca\t*\c74 ,?is *emical conta9s ab\t #bj p] c5t41 ( sulphur1 consequ5tly1 five p\nds is ab\t equal to tw5ty-five ounces ( sulphur4 ,?is extra co/ 0 readily submitt$ to1 r ?an to knuckle "u to ,messrs4 ,mack9to%'s pat5t4 ,9 _m cases x 0 only said to be us$1 & :at really 0 us$1 0 :ite lead or lampblack1 oxide ( z9c1 all 9 connection ) sulphur1 accord+ z ! color ( ! goods requir$1 r5d]$ necess>y4 ,x 0 pret5d$ also1 by ^! inodor\s manufactur]s1 t :ite goods1 su* z ! ela/ic b$s1 adv]tis$ z 8,improv$ ,hydro/atic ,b$s10 & 8,hospital ,%eet+10 7 vulcaniz$ ) sulphuret ( z9c1 prep>$ *emically2 :51 9 fact1 x is well kn[n t ! co/ ( manufacture is q prohibitory1 & is only ( value 9 proportion to its ri*ness 9 sulphur4 ,:at 0 9 reality us$1 01 & is1 ! 8yell[ sulphur10 & ! 8pure precipitate ( t article40 ,i m5tion ^! ?+s to cle> ! my/ification x may be to ! int]e/ ( manufactur]s to keep up1 & z ,i only write f exp]i5ce1 ,i h reason to believe y\r read]s1 :o are int]e/$1 w bett] und]/& ! nature & value ( unmix$ & mix$ ca\t*\c1 aft] my fund on ?is topic is exhau/$4 ,) ^! rem>ks ,i w give ! recipe = common black pack+ at #bs4 #b;d4 p] lb41 9 quantity1 disc\nt z agre$4 ,! *emical t]m$ 8hypo0 is manufactur$ ?us3 ,! sug> ( lead is made into a solution ) wat] 9 a sep>ate vessel4 ,! sulphur & lime are !n boil$ 9 wat]1 s z to make a solution ( sulphur ) ! lime4 ,! latt] solution 7cle>7 is !n p\r$ into ! =m]1 :i* unites ) ! sulphur1 & ! precipitate is ! 8hypo40 ,! hypo is !n wa%$ & dri$4 ,! lime m]ely enables ! lead to take up ! sulphur4 s4 d4 ,gr9d #ae lbs4 ,java ,ca\t*\c at #g;d4 #j #h #i ,gr9d #ae lbs4 ,p>a ,ca\t*\c at #bs4 #a #aj #j ,gr9d #ae lbs4 ,oxide ( ,z9c at #c;d4 #j #d #j ,gr9d #af lbs4 ,*9a or ,cornwall clay #j #j #c ---- ,total1 #af lbs4 #bh oz4 ,yell[ ,sulphur #j #j #c ,mill-co/s at #c;d4 p] lb41 on #gc lbs4 #j #ah #c ---- ---- ---- ,total1 #c #e #c ,co/s !re=e1 #aj;d4 p] lb4 ,! above is #aaj or #aab p] c5t4 ( adult]ation4 ,i %\ld "h rem>k1 !re is also a k9d ( pack+ 9 use1 :i* p]haps is practically be/ kn[n z 8,rag ,pack+10 made pr9cipally f ! useless cutt+s 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb] coats1 :]e ! gum is run or spread on calico f\ndations1 :i* is usually ! case ) wat]-pro( g>m5ts (f]$ = sale at ! %ops4 ,x is made z foll[s3 ,rag pack+ = valves1 be>+ spr+s1 or 9 %eets ( any ?ickness1 :]e less ela/icity is requir$1 & great pressure4 s4 d4 ,gr9d #ce lbs4 ,useless scraps1 say #j #c #j ,gr9d #ah lbs4 ,black ,lead1 at #b;d4 #j #c #d ,gr9d #af lbs4 ,java ,gum1 at #g;d4 #j #i #d ,gr9d #a lbs4 ,yell[ ,sulphur1 #j #j #a ---- ---- ---- ---- ,total1 #gj lbs4 ,mill-co/s at #d;d4 p] lb4 on #gj lbs4 #a #c #d ---- ---- ---- ,total1 #a #ai #b ,?is is sold at #bs4 p] lb4 9 v l>ge quantities1 or #as4 #f;d41 if a %rewd man1 net1 or a small disc\nt = ca%4 ,our g>d5s1 fire eng9es1 brew]s1 & pump-mak]s 7= suction1 c417 h f\nd ! value ( ?is gum1 & ! foll[+ is ! =m us$ ) success1 & p]haps ! adult]ations are ! be/ sub/itutes = pure ca\t*\c t ! *eap comp\nd m>ket (f]s4 s4 d4 ,gr9d #bj lbs4 ,java1 at #g;d4 #j #aa #h ,gr9d #aj lbs4 ,p>a1 at #bs4 #a #j #j ,gr9d #ad lbs4 ,:ite ,lead1 at #c;d4 #j #g #j ,gr9d #ad lbs4 ,r$ ,lead1 at #c;d4 ,gr9d #a lbs4 ,yell[ ,sulphur1 #j #j #c ---- ,total1 #ei lbs4 at #c;d4 p] lb41 ,mill-co/s1 #j #ad #i ---- ---- ---- ,total1 #b #ac #h ,consequ5tly co/s #aj;d4 p] lb4 ,?is is spread ^u flax clo?1 7,messrs4 ,ri*>ds ,co41 ,broad ,/reet1 are manufactur]s17 :i* weighs #aj1 #af1 & #cb ounces to ! squ>e y>d1 & is ab\t ! same co/ z ! comp\nd1 s t ! weight is ! true/ crit]ion ( co/1 & is s calculat$ by ! manufactory4 99 99 99 99 ,except+ g>m5ts e o!r description ( black goods are made f su* =ms z ,i h figur$1 ) v little v>iation accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! eng9e]1 & :i* ne$s v little judgm5t or exp]i5ce to meet4 ,to ^? :o cl+ to ^! heavy goods1 ! =mulas ,i h r5d]$ w enable !m to h supplies at a fair compet+ *>ge accord+ to quality1 & x is _! own fault entirely if !y p]si/ 9 pur*as+ #ajj p] c5t4 ( *eap p[d] at ! same *>ge z = 8pure ca\t*\c0 ( a ?ird ( _! d5sity4 ,y\r read]s mu/ be good en\gh n to lose ! fact ( 8specific gravity10 & te/ all ! above goods made ) pure1 unadult]at$ ,india-rubb]1 by _! float+ on wat]4 ,any deviation f ?is is a pro( ( "s *eap /uff unfairly introduc$4 ,x w be j 9 proportion z !y keep !mselves well po/$ up 9 ?is matt]1 t manufactur]s w be sly ( ?r[+ into _! ca\t*\c su* mad & infam\s proportions ( *eap adult]ations1 & drive !m 7= !y w n volunte]7 to ! necessity ( manufactur+ f ! pure gum1 & ?us place bett] dispos$ trad]s ^u a m j foot+1 & enable ! latt] to compete 7if ne$ be7 ^u _! own t]ms1 or ^u recipes suppli$ by ! eng9e]4 ,ano!r fact mu/ n be lo/ sight (1 & t is ! use ( 8light c>bonate ( magnesia10 :i*1 mix$ ) ! gum1 does n increase its d5sity1 z w 9 "s measure be illu/rat$ by ! recipe ,i %all n[ figure out1 m]ely rem>k+ t a some:at heavy c>bonate 0 us$1 z well z 9 an unroa/$1 & h5ce ! some:at increas$ d5sity4 ,?is article is wor? ! att5tion ( buy]s ( rubb] goods1 z 9 a mod]ate quantity x r$uces ! co/s )\t correspond+ly injur+ ! manufactur]4 7,light buff] spr+ j s9ks 9 wat]47 ,gr9d toge!r #be lbs4 ,cle> ,java ,rubb]1 #e lbs4 ,p>a ,rubb]1 #aj lbs4 ,common ,magnesia1 #be oz4 ,pure ,sulphur4 ,co/s #ai cts4 p] p\nd--,sells = #fj cts4 p] p\nd4 ,?is is br[n at fir/1 b 9 a few days ! sulphur bl[s ov] ! surface grey or :ite1 & w\ld lead an amateur to judge !y 7 ( t color ?r\gh\t4 ,buff] spr+s & o!r m\ld$ goods f ?is comp\nd are a little heavi] ?an ,messrs4 ,mack9to% & ,co4's4 ,a d5sity railway spr+1 at #ds4 p] lb4 gross1 & 7 made at fir/ to meet x1 also sold at #bs4 #f;d4 p] lb4 net4 ,x is a mo/ useful spr+1 & 9 competition %\ld be b\ght at #as4 #c;d4 to #as4 #f;d4 p] lb4 net1 b ,i %\ld /rongly recomm5d t eng9e]s try a sub/itute ( all 8,java gum10 by obta9+ a few away f _! usual manufactur]1 ,,on ,,trial1 z ,i believe _! quality z a spr+ w\ld n be injur$1 & ! price w\ld be r$uc$1 &1 moreov]1 x w\ld gu>d aga9/ ! manufactur] be+ left tempt$ to d s1 )\t r$uc+ ! *>ge4 ,= ! guidance ( eng9e]s1 ,i rem>k1 t a spr+ ( ?is quality & dim5sions1 #d #b #a1 press$ to half an in*1 %[$ #c tons on ! dial1 & "o ) equal quantities ( oxide ( z9c & magnesia1 ( same size1 c41 indicat$ #a tons on equal pressure1 :ile ! quality ( ,mack9to% & ,co4's1 ref]r$ to be=e1 & ( :i* ?is 0 an intimation1 m>k$ #a tons on ! dial2 ( c\rse1 a spr+ ) a small] bore ?an #b in*es w\ld %[ great] tonnage4 ,! next recipe is = grey pack+1 :i* is l>gely & exclusively us$ by "s deal]s = m>9e eng9es1 c41 z well z 9 %eet2 & if ! price 7#cs4 #f;d4 p] lb47 0 n excessive = s mu* adult]at$ matt]1 ,i w\ld pass x ov] 9 sil5ce z a v fair & useful article1 & if approv$1 my =m w enable ! eng9e] to obta9 x mu* *eap] by competition4 ,say !n1 ,gr9d toge!r #be lbs4 ,p>a ,rubb]1 #e lbs4 ,clean$ ,java1 #af lbs4 ,oxide ( ,z9c1 #f lbs4 ,c>bonate ( ,magnesia1 #c lbs4 ,porcela9 or ,cornwall ,clay1 #b lbs4 ,r$ ,lead1 #cj oz4 ,pure ,sulphur4 ,s t x co/s #be cts4 p] lb41 & h5ce ,i submit t #ge cts4 p] lb4 is excessive1 ) disc\nt f #aj to #bj p] c5t4 ,unless ! magnesia 9 ?is pack+ is well calc9$ x w cut por\s1 b does n %[ its valves cut to %ape be=e vulcaniz+4 ,x may seem ,i lay too mu* /ress ^u high prices1 & if ! goods 7 b\ght 9 trifl+ quantities1 x w\ld c>ry argum5t2 b z ! ord]s are usually l>ge1 & %[ good moni$ invoices1 !re is a wide m>g9 = r$uction2 besides 9 _m cases ^! long prices prohibit ! use ( ca\t*\c4 ,! prices are ab\t "r if ! goods 7 ( pure ,india-rubb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ought to rem>k t 9 all =mulas :i* ,i use1 ,p>a rubb] is us$1 :i* is n[ ne>ly f\r times ! co/ ( ,java1 & is frequ5tly m4 ,?is circum/ance has = "s "t be5 attract+ ! att5tion ( manufactur]s1 & bids fair to %ut out almo/ ! use ( ! =m] 9 all goods conf9$ 9 m\lds to vulcanize4 ,i w\ld call ! especial att5tion ( eng9e]s to ?is fact1 z ,java mat]ially r$uces ! co/1 & ne$s v little judgm5t on _! "p to adopt x 9 ^! =ms1 9 place ( ! exp5sive k9d4 ,i d n say x is s /rong a gum z ,p>a1 b ,i feel c]ta9 t ! manufactur]s w be awake1 & use x1 )\t p]haps yield+ ! advantage out ( _! own factories1 & !re=e x is necess>y = consum]s to try h[ f> !y c 8assi/ !mselves0 )\t _! b5evol5ce1 especially z 8,java gum0 is n[ s readily & *eaply cleans$ ( all dirt or gritty matt]4 ,^! rem>ks apply to ! recipe ,i n[ h&1 :i* is t]m$--be/ pure spr+1 or wa%]s1 c4 ,gr9d toge!r #cj lbs4 ,p>a ,gum1 #e lbs4 ,oxide ,z9c1 #b lbs4 ,c>bonate ,magnesia1 #c lbs4 ,common ,*alk1 #b lbs4 ,porcela9 or ,cornwall ,clay1 #cj oz4 ,pure ,sulphur4 ,?is co/s ab\t #cc cts4 p] lb4 & is sold at #a p] lb41 & ?\gh heavi]1 is int5d$ to meet ,messrs4 ,mack9to% & ,co's4 article at #a #ab4 ,! diff]5ce 9 d5sity r5d]s ! latt] ! *eape/ to ! consum]1 :ile ! r$uc$ price ( ! =m] cat*es ! unsuspect+ trad] 9 ^! goods1 & frequ5tly obta9s 8 pref]5ce4 ,! companion quality to ! above = l>ge valves1 & pack+ %eets1 is made z foll[s1 & is /yl$--be/ pure pack+4 ,gr9d toge!r #cj lbs4 ,p>a ,rubb]1 #e lbs4 ,oxide ,z9c1 #e lbs4 ,porcela9 or ,cornwall ,clay1 #bh oz4 ( ,pure ,sulphur4 ,?is co/s ab\t #ca cts4 p] lb4 & is sold at #a p] lb41 & is a trifle heavi] ?an ! pure spr+ quality4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t sometimes pure sulphur is us$1 & sometimes ! common fl\r ( sulphur2 ! =m] is ?\ght to r5d] ! goods m s(t & velvety1 b ! diff]5ce 9 _! relative co/ is v wide1 & ! writ] w n und]take to say h[ f> ! m>ketable value ( ! goods is improv$1 b ?9ks x w be admitt$ t _! intr9sic value to eng9e]s is n alt]$ 9 any way4 ,i may "h obs]ve1 t c>bonates "w be/ 9 all m\ld$ goods1 b n o!rwise1 & x is necess>y !y %\ld be reta9$ !re9 until q cold1 or !y swell out ( %ape2 b 9 pack+1 c41 vulcaniz$ op5ly1 oxides %\ld be select$1 z !re is little or no *emical action ) sulphur or heat4 ,i h made no m5tion 9 ^! pap]s ( v f9ely pulv]iz$ talc1 or ,fr5* *alk1 :i*1 f its *eapness1 if well b\ght1 & its be+ unaffect$ by heat1 & its slipp]y nature1 is invaluable z a top dress+1 well rubb$ 91 ^u ! surface ( all :ite goods = op5 vulcaniz+1 z well z du/+ ! %eet z9c ^u :i* !y are laid4 ,x is equally valuable 9 all goods cur$ 9 rolls1 su* z m$ical %eet+1 c41 & r5d]s entirely unnecess>y ! rays ( ! sun aft]w>ds1 ne$+ only to be wip$ (f ) a dry clo? aft] vulcaniz+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are _m mo/ respectable manufactur]s1 & ^! %\ld h _! s5se ( honorable integrity ackn[l$g$1 &1 z f> z possible1 be protect$ f _! inf]iors 9 morality4 ,9 writ+ ^! pap]s (f ha/ily1 "o is really tempt$ to get into a viol5t rage ) ?is vici\s sy/em2 especially :5 "o calls to m9d t1 no soon] does an +5i\s man inv5t some?+ really valuable & useful1 b ^! kidnapp+ & adult]at+ trad]s c\nt]feit ! same in/antly1 & r5d] _! make to all appe>ance 7& to ! unsuspect+7 equally good1 ?\gh1 9 reality1 n s1 be+ m]ely *eap5$ by ?is adult]at+ & tricky sy/em4 ,add$ to :i*1 if ! orig9ator is n v %>p 9 obta9+ 8 protection = ! really valuable s]vice he has r5d]$ to sci5ce1 & to ! sale ( :i* he is look+ v naturally & ju/ly1 z a remun]ation ( :at may h probably co/ ! inv5tor _m days & nights ( we>9ess1 & possibly involv$ ! sp5d+ ( 8 money capital1 & p]haps1 ev5 besides1 mon?s ( labor1 disappo9tm5t1 pov]ty1 & sorr[1 ,i say1 if he is n v quick 9 8 protection1 ! unblu%+ effront]y & impud5ce ( ^! 8second h& p0 w rob him ( ! :ole4 ,i believe no p5 c suffici5tly prote/ aga9/ ^? individuals :o ?rive 8& make ha/e to become ri*0 f ! ooz+s ( o!r m5's bra9s4 ,!irs is ! base/ class ( felony our laws _c rea*1 &1 consequ5tly1 _! infam\s & nef>i\s habit cont9ues unhe$$ & unt\*$1 & (t5 7because unkn[n7 unscorn$4 ,?is applies to ca\t*\c4 ,special ref]5ce to p>ticul> manufactures mu/ be discuss$ ano!r day2 b1 if ,i am rightly in=m$1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,goodye> especially1 & o!rs1 to "s ext5t1 h suff]$ f ^! copyi/s v egregi\sly & s]i\sly4 ,?\gh my te/imony w\ld be confirm$ by our be/ m5 9 e bran* ( trade1 :]e !re is scope = g5ius4 ,i mu/ n digress1 & tru/ y w excuse my ha/y prote/ aga9/ ?is c\nt]feit co94 ,i w !re=e1 at once1 h& y ! =mula = ,,common ,,:ite ,,buff]-,,r+s1 ,,wa%]s1 ,,etc4 ,gr9d #cj lbs4 ,java ca\t*\c1 ,gr9d #ah lbs4 ,oxide ( z9c1 ,gr9d #f lbs4 ,c>bonate ( magnesia1 ,gr9d #f lbs4 ,clean *alk or :it+1 ,gr9d #b lbs4 ,fl\r ( sulphur4 ,?is co/s ab\t #ac c5ts p] lb41 & is sold at #ej c5ts p] lb41 &1 z y w p]ceive1 conta9s ab\t #aaj p] c5t4 ( adult]at+ matt]4 ,consid]+ ! mass ( =eign sub/ances 9 ! above =mula1 7& yet sold "u ! "n ( 8ca\t*\c10 :i* %\ld be pure ,java gum1 ( less ?an half ! d5sity1 = a great deal less ?an #ej c5ts gross price71 "o is almo/ a/oni%$ t ! 8gum-ela/ic0 %\ld reta9 any ( its orig9al livel9ess1 mix$ up ) s mu* dead weight2 b s x is1 z ,i %all %[1 by /at+ t a buff]-r+ 7#d #b #a ins47 ( ?is quality exactly1 & ( ! same size z ^? ( :i* ,i gave ! tonnage 9 y\r ,magaz9e ( ! #bd? ( ,octob]1 indicat$1 on ! same be+ press$ to half an in*1 #d tons on ! dial4 ,( c\rse ! weight ( ! r+ 0 fully d\ble ^? !n rem>k$ ^u1 aris+ f increas$ d5sity by adult]ation4 ,pursu+ ! same subject ( d5sity1 ,i h obs]v$ t ^! manufactur]s h be5 compell$ to *>ge less ?an ! actual weight ( _! goods1 z ! p at ,b]l9 w\ld n pay ca\t*\c price = s mu* rubbi%4 ,?is 9 ! 8good old r$-lead "t10 :5 ! manufactur]s1 ) m fai? ?an judgm5t1 consid]$ !y c\ld n include too mu* ( t metal1 b !y h s9ce become m crafty & subtle1 & use x less madly4 ,i weigh$ a cyl9d] or spr+ "s few mon?s s9ce1 ( :i* a l quantity are n[ 9 use by ! ,london & ,nor?-we/]n ,railway1 &1 ,i expect1 at _! /ation at ,wolv]ton1 :i* conta9$ at lea/1 #ajj to #acj p] c5t4 ( *eap1 heavy adult]ation2 & yet !y paid #as4 #f;d4 p] lb4 9 quantity nett4 ,! size 0 #f #b #d1 & weigh$ close ^u #f lbs4 ,i %\ld say1 if ! *>ge _h be5 #i;d4 p] p\nd1 no manufactur] c\ld ne$ a bett] trade1 h5ce ,i h *os5 to ?r[ a little a 8free trade light0 ^u ! subject4 ,! wa%] trade is a v lucrative "o to ! manufactur]s1 be+ pr9cipally cut f ! sp>e or wa/e ends unavoidable 9 ! make ( spr+s1 cyl9d]s1 & buff]-r+s4 ,i w n[ give y ! =mula = :at is t]m$ ,,hypo-,,clo? ,,= ,,wat]-,,pro( ,,coats1 ,c4 ,gr9d #cj lbs4 ,clean ,java gum1 ,gr9d #e lbs4 ,lamp black1 ,gr9d #aa lbs4 ,dry *alk1 or :it+1 ,gr9d #e lbs4 ,sulphuret ( lead4 ,co/+ ab\t #ab c5ts p] p\nd4 ,sometimes ! ,p>a gum is us$ 9 ?is mixture2 b1 ?\gh bett]1 its use is n consid]$ imp]ative if ! ,java ca\t*\c is well cleans$4 ,a cur$ coat1 well vulcaniz$1 is a great improvem5t 9 all respects ^u ! fil?y nap?a or v>ni% coat1 & %\ld1 :5 competition is ?r[n into ! m>ket1 exce$ x v little 9 *>ge4 ,z long z ! calico ^u :i* ^! are run is cov]$1 ! ?9n] t cov]+ ! bett]2 & by f> ! be/ ,i h se5 are made by ,messrs4 ,mack9to% & ,co41 ,m\lton ,co41 ,moses1 ,son ,davis4 ,i h se5 "s v bad ones1 ill-%ap$1 non-vulcaniz$1 & altoge!r only useful 9 br++ ! bett] make into unju/ dislike by ! public4 ,! soon] ^! latt] daubs are improv$1 or )drawn f sale1 ! bett] = ! reputation ( ! ,india-rubb] g>m5t deal]s4 ,! clo? ^u :i* ! mat]ial is spread weighs ab\t f\r ounces by ! y>d1 & !re=e ! quantity ( gum on ea* article is readily assess$1 & ! scale w det]m9e :i* are lighte/ & be/ = a /orm4 ,! article t]m$ 8sulphuret ( lead0 9 ! =mula1 is ! *emical ,i h be=e rem>k$ ^u1 & ! scre5 or bl9d1 nick-nam$ 7= reasons !re9 expla9$7 8hypo10 & is only useful 9 s f> z x is an excell5t black pigm5t1 :i* is only ( importance 9 ! g>m5t bran* ( ! trade4 ,,adult]ation ,,( ,,india-,,rubb]1 ,,9 ,,connection ,,) ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,invalid ,,wat] ,,mattresses ,,& ,,cu%ions4 ,!re is no necessity = ! mon/r\s *>ges at pres5t made = ^! goods1 & h5ce ,i desire to op5 up ! subject fe>lessly4 ,! am\nt ( adult]ation necess>y to br+ up ! desir$ color1 is f #d to #aj p] c5t4 ( ! pigm5t t]m$ oxide ( z9c2 b ! =mula us$ = ! manufacture ( ! wat] or air mattresses & cu%ions ref]r$ to1 conta9s ab\t ?irty-five p] c5t4 ( ?is *eap sub/itute = ,india-rubb]4 ,9 writ+ !reon ,i take leave to /ate at ! outset1 t1 l ! 8air10 or ,mack9to% cu%ions or pill[s we h kn[n = s _m ye>s1 !y c be _h ( any size or %ape1 & diff] f !m 9 be+ ( pure ca\t*\c1 or ela/ic gum1 7m9us ! adult]ation7 in/ead ( only a ?9 coat+ ( pure gum1 ^u a clo? or non-ela/ic f\ndation4 ,h5ce _! increas$ value to m$ical m5 9 prev5t+ b$ sores1 c4 ,9 my judgm5t1 :at is und]/ood 9 ^! days by ! ^w 8humbug10 has ga9$ su* asc5dancy ov] common s5se1 t honorable p1 :o disda9 to practice x1 are s out-di/anc$ by ! _m :o d1 t !y lose !reby sev]al ( ! *ances ( trade4 ,?is 8popul> pet humbug0 is1 !re=e1 l>gely dealt 9 by puff+ adv]tis]s 7ev5 9 ^! articles7 :o p]petually issue illu/rat$ catalogues1 c41 "u ! ^w 8pat5t10 :]e none exi/s1 8,improv$ ,hydro/atic ,wat] ,mattresses10 8,inv5tor0 & 8sole manufactur]10 & a ho/ ( o!r fanciful & attractive names1 ?r\gh our ,po/ ,(fice1 to ! :ole m$ical pr(ession 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 z well z to ! /aff ( m$ical m5 connect$ ) all ! ,hospitals1 ,poor ,law ,union ,infirm>ies1 ,ea/ ,india & o!r companies1 c41 & ^! mattresses are n[ 9 use at mo/ ( su* e/abli%m5ts2 & if ! retail prices 7 n highly extortionate1 & altoge!r beyond all reasonable limit1 ,i w\ld n ?r[ ! 8sun%9e0 ^u ?is valuable m$ical appliance4 ,x j /rikes my memory t !re is a quiet notification 9 ! int]ior ( ! envelopes ( ^! circul>s1 t a disc\nt ( #ab p] c5t4 is all[$ to ! 8pr(ession10 7b :i* "s refuse47 ,i may z well add1 t ^! deal]s1 ( c\rse1 h no exclusive "r to ! above names1 z !y w\ld lead ! public to inf]1 ! manufacture be+ z free z ! air we brea!2 & ( 8hydro/atics10 !y und]/& ab\t z mu* z !y d ab\t g5]al 8*emi/ry10 & ,i am q sure t ( ! latt] exquisite sci5ce !y "k only j z mu* z ! lett]] c actually embody & make inh]5t 9 ! words he may be in/ruct$ to pa9t on ! door po/s or facia outside4 ,x is a melan*oly tru?1 t ?is lett]+ is n[ accept$ z pro( t ! 8pr(essor0 inside1 is 9 fact1 a 8practical0 or 8op]ative *emi/10 ?\gh he may live & keep %op at ! we/ end ( ! metropolis1 & exhibit a fram$ notification1 t he is a memb] ( ! 8,ph>maceutical ,society ( ,great ,brita910 b )\t exam9ation4 ,x is incr$ible1 moreov]1 h[ ^! p1 by _! presumption1 ev5 seem to deceive m$ical practition]s1 judg+ f ! num]\s 8good names0 !y app5d to "s ( _! valueless comp\nds ( exhau/$ roots4 ,9 _m cases beyond ! capacity ( in=m+ an enquir] :y1 9 8camphorat$ _s0 ! addition ( 8wat]0 precipitates free camphor1 7to use a figure7 !y "k no m ( *emi/ry ?an ! writ]'s 8foot20 & yet if "o _h n daily exp]i5ce & pro( t true sci5ce is mode/ & retir+1 "o w\ld be liable to put ^! 8pr(essors0 d[n z real liv+ 8,f>adays10 8,h]apa?s10 8,r$woods10 & o!r equally illu/ri\s *emi/s in/ead ( quacks4 ,excuse ! digression1 b ^! *>act]s :o disgrace an intellectual sci5ce1 w cross "o's m9d 9 writ+4 ,return+ to ! wat] mattresses1 ,i w %[ 9 figures1 9 ! manufactur]'s price 9 #ahej1 & ! manufactur]'s *>ge 9 ,may1 #ahef1 7& x mu/ be less at ?is mom5t17 & ! uni=m retail price1 & to ?is latt] ,i invite ! special att5tion ( y\r read]s1 & ask !m c>efully to note ! retail]'s pr(it on ea*1 & decide ! advantage to be d]iv$ f pur*as+ ( ! manufactur]4 ,i h no p]sonal int]e/ 9 any ( !m4 ,i w %[ also _! usual sizes1 & _! weight1 z !y are all sold by ! manufactur]s1 on ?is basis4 ,i tru/ ?is may /ir up increas$ dem& = s useful & necess>y an article = ! alleviation ( human suff]+1 ! use ( :i* ! imm5se retail pr(its h hi!rto prohibit$ among ! middle & humbl] classes4 ,! =mula = wat] mattresses & cu%ions--7,india-rubb]7 is3-- s4 d4 #a lb4 ,f>a ,gum 79 %eet17 #b #j 7,pres5t co/1 #as4 #g;d41 p] lb47 #f oz4 ,oxide ,z9c1 #j #a #a oz4 ,pure ,sulphur1 7common equally good17 #j #a ,mill co/s1 #c ---- ---- #b #e ,or #as4 #g;d4 p] lb4 ,say ( ! above comp\nd1 #a #j ,mak+ wa/e1 #j ,gr9d+1 runn+1 clean+ & vulcaniz+1 #j #f ,add #cf mill pr(it1 or #j #aj is #c #b p] lb4 ,?is is ! price p] p\nd ! weight %\ld be e/imat$ at4 ,! mattresses v>y 9 size f #h #ad in*es to #dh #gb--"s ) cells--"s )\t cells4 ,! retail pr(its on ^! goods1 ov] ! manufactur]'s prices1 9 #ahef1 rang$ f #acs4 #f;d4 to #g1 #fs4--accord+ to ! size ( ! mattress4 ,or 9 ,am]ican curr5cy1 f ab\t #c4jj to #cf4jj pr(it on s+le mattresses4 ,%\ld s s]viceable an article be ?us clogg$ & fett]$ by su* immod]ate *>ges by ! retail %op-keep]s8 ,x may probably be a guide to "s ( our read]s to /ate1 ! be/ size pill[ is #ag #bb1 & t ! cell$ mattresses #bg #cj1 & #cj #dj1 are f\nd mo/ useful1 & ( adequate l5g? to support ! trunk ( invalids1 & admit ! o!r portion ( ! body to re/ ^u ! usual fea!r b$1 & ?us /eady a weak pati5t2 z a full l5g? mattress ( ela/ic gum1 #cc #gb is beyond ! safe control ( su* invalids4 ,! retail]1 = obvi\s reasons1 recomm5ds ! l>g] mattresses1 & :i* are n returnable1 ev5 if ! pati5t dies be=e !y rea* him4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,valuable ,,recipes1 ,,etc4 ,,purify+ ,,gutta-,,p]*a4 ,h4 ,h4 ,day1 ( ,new ,york1 has obta9$ a pat5t 9 ,engl& = extract+ f gutta p]*a a peculi> e!ric oil :i* x conta9s1 prep>atory to its be+ subject$ to ! process ( vulcanization1 by submitt+ x to ! action ( a liquor :i* dissolves out ! e!ric oil1 & also1 at ! same "t1 by act+ ^u ! woody matt]1 dis5gages ! s& or o!r =eign sub/ances held !re)4 ,?is liquor is compos$ ( cau/ic pota% 7hydrate ( potassa7 dissolv$ 9 wat]1 ) an e!r =m$ f a solution ( *loride ( lime & alcohol add$1 & aft] ! crude gutta-p]*a is plac$ !re9 ! :ole mass is heat$ to a boil+ po9t1 & s kept = ab\t n9e h\rs1 & !n treat$ betwe5 roll]s "u wat]1 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,:5 tak5 out1 ! gum w consi/ ( a pure & solid mass1 resembl+ ,india-rubb]1 & fully equal to x 9 f95ess1 & 9 ! read9ess ) :i* x may be work$ to prep>e x = ! additional process ( vulcanization4 ,,purification ,,( ,,gutta-,,p]*a1 ,by ,james ,reynolds1 ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,gutta-p]*a1 9 ! raw /ate 9 :i* x is import$1 conta9s l>ge quantities ( b>k1 dirt1 & =eign sub/ances4 ,9 ! common processes ( manufacture ^! _c be extract$1 & bad results (t5 ensue4 ,= example1 9 ! cov]+ ( telegraph wires1 holes are (t5 left :]ev] =eign sub/ances are pres5t1 & ?us ! insulation is impair$4 ,! only me?od h]et(ore employ$1 = prev5t+ ! quality ( ! manufactur$ article f be+ too mu* injur$ by ! pres5ce ( ^! impurities1 has be5 to r$uce ! b>k & dirt into f9e p>ticles1 by long-cont9u$ & t$i\s gr9d+1 & !n incorporat+ !m ) ! gum4 ,! object ( ! pres5t improvem5t is to effect ! entire extraction ( ! b>k & o!r =eign p>ticles1 & ?us improve to a v great degree ! quality ( ! manufactur$ article4 ,! inv5tion consi/s 9 fir/ cutt+ ! gutta-p]*a into extremely ?9 slices or %eets1 & !n submitt+ x to heat+1 rubb+1 & scre5+ op]ations4 ,"u ?is treatm5t ! =eign matt]s1 are almo/ entirely extract$1 & ! gutta-p]*a left pure4 ,?is is a valuable inv5tion4 ,,m>9e ,,glue4 ,take "o p\nd ( ,india-rubb] & !n dissolve x 9 ! exact quantity ( nap?a1 or oil ( t> to r5d] x mod]ately ?91 7ab\t a gallon7 to :i* is add$ %ellac1 & ! :ole all[$ to mac]ate = t5 days1 until x atta9s to a cream l consi/5cy4 ,aft] :i* m %ellac is add$ to make x pretty /iff1 :5 x is heat$ & !n p\r$ out into plates4 ,x is heat$ to #bej1 :5 appli$4 ,! mixture is t ( ,india-rubb] & %ellac dissolv$ 9 nap?a4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat] & n affect$ by ! heat ( ! sun4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,armor4 ,9 ,p>is a new k9d ( cuirass = ! use ( ! army1 is %ortly to be tri$4 ,?is cuirass is ( vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 ab\t half an in* ?ick4 ,! ?ickness1 x is /at$1 is m ?an suffici5t to resi/ ! action ( a ball project$ f any k9d ( fire>m4 ,all ! exp]im5ts tri$ h prov$ entirely successful4 ,! =ce ( ! ball is completely brok5 by ! ela/icity ( ! ,india-rubb]1 & x falls on ! gr\nd at ! feet ( ! p]son aga9/ :om x 0 s5t4 ,,new ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,composition4 ,alfr$ ,h4 ,gaullie1 ,p>is1 pat5tee4 ,?is improv$ composition is =m$ by mix+ toge!r equal p>ts ( gutta-p]*a & ( ,roman cem5t r$uc$ to a pa/y consi/5ce ) ox-gall4 ,! op]ation ( mix+ is to be p]=m$ :ile ! gutta-p]*a is 9 a heat$ & pla/ic /ate1 & ! two +r$i5ts mu/ be well ma/icat$ s z to cause !m to comb9e intimately toge!r4 ,any k9d ( color+ matt] may be comb9$ ) ! mat]ials accord+ to ! effect desir$ to be produc$4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,v>ni%4 ,a4 ,=d1 ( ,london1 has obta9$ a pat5t = mak+ solutions ( ,india-rubb] & gutta-p]*a1 :i* solutions c be us$ = wat]-pro(+ z a v>ni%4 ,! ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a1 is dissolv$ 9 w>m turp5t9e or nap?a4 ,! turp5t9e1 or nap?a1 is prep>$ by mix+ a cau/ic alkali1 su* z pota%1 9 x--"o p\nd to ! gallon--!n agitat+ !m 9 a suitable vessel1 & all[+ !m to /& = ab\t ?ree days1 :5 a d>k color$ residuum is f\nd at ! bottom4 ,! cle> liquor is !n p\r$ (f & us$ = dissolv+ ! ,india-rubb]4 ,x is /at$ t ?is makes a v beautiful v>ni%4 ,,wat]-,,pro(+ ,,oil4 ,a pat5t has be5 obta9$ by ,alex4 ,p>kes1 ( ,bury ,port1 ,wales1 = a prep>ation ( oils simil> 9 its nature to ! improvem5t ( ,mr4 ,da9es4 ,he treats oils ) ! *loride ( sulphur1 :i* *anges _! "*1 r5d]+ !m simil> to vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 & insoluble 9 m9]al nap?a & sulphuret ( c>bon4 ,he heats ab\t #b p>ts by weight1 ( ! *loride ( sulphur ) #h p>ts1 by weight1 ( oil1 up to ab\t #bej1 :5 ! comb9ation ( ! two is effect$4 ,?is vulcaniz$ oil1 x is /at$1 c be mix$ ) gutta-p]*a or ,india-rubb]1 to *eap5 ! manufactur$ articles made f ^! mat]ials4 ,?is1 app>5tly1 is also an important inv5tion4 ,mr4 ,p>kes has also tak5 out a pat5t = a v>ni% made ( gun cotton dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 or any solv5t ( gun cotton4 ,?is v>ni% is transp>5t1 & he applies x to coat silk1 sew+ cotton1 ?read1 lea!r1 pla/]1 wood1 c41 to r5d] !m wat]-pro(4 ,gun cotton dissolv$ 9 *lor(orm is a well kn[n v>ni%4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,tee?4 ,?is article1 9 ! =m ( purifi$ :ite ,india-rubb]1 has be5 pat5t$ 9 ,engl&1 = mak+ artificial tee?1 gums1 & palates4 ,by its adoption1 _m advantages hi!rto impossible to be atta9$1 h be5 introduc$4 ,! adhesion is complete1 x c be m\ld$ ) p]fection1 to suit e inequality ( ! gums & tee?1 & supplies an artificial p]io/eum1 z x 71 to ! tee?1 :5 become pa9ful by ! wa/+ away ( ! gum1 add$ to ^! is ! ela/icity ( ! mat]ial1 :i* completely obviates ! inconv5i5ces t arise f any motion ) artificial tee?1 z made by o!r means4 ,,em]y ,,pap]4 ,! ,moniteur ,indu/riel m5tions an +5i\s me?od ( obta9+ f9e em]y pap] = poli%+ metals4 ,/rips ( pap] coat$ ) fre% />*-size are hung on ropes at diff]5t altitudes 9 a small room1 :i* is aft]w>ds c>efully clos$4 ,a quantity ( f9e em]y is !n bl[n 9 by means ( a v5tilator1 ?r\gh an ap]ture left = ! purpose1 by :i* means a d5se cl\d ( em]y du/ fills ! room1 b only ! f9e/ p>ticles rise 9 ! air to a suffici5t height = !m to be deposit$ on ! upp] slips2 ^? ( ! second r[ receive a some:at co>s] sort1 & s on1 :ile su* p>ticles z are too heavy1 & !re=e too co>se = delicate poli%1 fall to ! gr\nd at once4 ,?us em]y pap] ( diff]5t degrees ( f95ess may be obta9$ by a s+le op]ation1 & sort$ ) ma!matical c]ta9ty4 ,,sulphuriz$ ,,oil ,,pa9t4 ,at a rec5t meet+ ( ! ,society ( ,briti% ,ar*itects1 ,j4 ,b4 ,da9es /at$ t by subject+ eight p>ts 7by weight7 ( l9se$ oil & "o "p ( sulphur1 to a temp]ature ( #bgh1 9 an iron vessel1 he obta9$ a species ( pa9t possess+ s+ul>ly pres]vative prop]ties4 ,appli$ to ! surface ( a build+ ) a bru%1 x effectually keeps out air & moi/ure1 prev5ts deposits ( soot & dirt1 & pres]ves ! beauty ( ! /one1 wood1 or brickwork to :i* x is appli$4 ,x has long be5 kn[n t a portion ( sulphur c be dissolv$ 9 oil1 b until rec5tly su* a composition1 z a pa9t or v>ni%1 has attract$ no notice2 9 fact1 its pres]vative & imp]vi\s qualities :5 dry1 7 unkn[n4 ,x is well kn[n to *emi/s t sulphur1 7! sub/ance employ$ to give body to ! oil17 is unalt]able 9 ! air1 & is n act$ on by moi/ure2 h5ce its quality z a pres]vative = coat+ ! outside ( /ructures expos$ to ! wea!r4 ,x is capable ( pres]v+ pla/] ( ,p>is figures expos$ to ! air1 also monum5ts1 & build+s ( ! br[n free/one1 :i* are liable to detrition1 f ! action ( ! wea!r4 ,x is /at$ t x improves ! color ( ! /one to :i* x is appli$1 z well z pres]ves x2 !re=e x is a mo/ useful pa9t1 & des]ves to be v g5]ally employ$4 ,,india-,,rubb] ,,& ,,coal ,,t>4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,goodye> has rec5tly tak5 out a pat5t 9 ,engl&1 = a new comp\nd1 compos$ ( ,india-rubb] & coal t> vulcaniz$ ) sulphur4 ,coal t> is heat$ 9 an op5 boil] until x acquires ! consi/5cy ( melt$ ros91 :5 x is mix$ ) ,india-rubb]1 9 proportions :i* may v>y accord+ to ! "* ( ! mat]ial to be produc$ = a specific purpose4 ,x is mix$ ) sulphur & !n heat$ to vulcanize x4 ,,liquid ,,glue4 ,dissolve two p\nds ( /rong glue 9 "o qu>t ( wat]1 9 a glue kettle1 or 9 a wat] ba?2 :5 ! glue is entirely melt$1 add little by little to ! am\nt ( t5 ounces ( /rong nitric acid4 ,?is addition produces an eff]vesc5ce due to ! dis5gagem5t ( hyponitric acid2 :5 ! :ole ( ! acid is add$1 remove ! vessel f ! fire & leave x to cool4 ,glue ?us prep>$1 kept 9 a /opp$ flask1 w rema9 good = two or ?ree ye>s4 ,,enorm\s ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,tub+4 ,a s]ies ( int]e/+ exp]im5ts h j be5 conclud$ at ! ,birm+ham ,wat]works1 relative to ! /r5g? ( gutta-p]*a tub+1 ) a view to its applicability = ! conveyance ( wat]4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 made 7"u ! direction ( ,h5ry ,rolfe1 ,esq41 eng9e]17 ^u tubes ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet] & "o eigh? ( gutta-p]*a4 ,^! 7 atta*$ to ! iron ma91 & subject$ = two mon?s to a pressure ( #bjj feet head ( wat]1 )\t be+ 9 ! slighte/ degree det]iorat$4 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 if possible1 ! maximum /r5g? ( ! tubes1 !y 7 connect$ ) ! ,wat] ,company's ,hydraulic ,prov+ ,pumps1 ! regul> load ( :i* is #bej lbs4 on ! squ>e in*4 ,at ?is po9t ! tubes 7 unaffect$1 & ! pump 0 work$ up #ccg lbs41 b to ! a/oni%m5t ( e "o ! tube /ill rema9$ p]fect4 ,x 0 !n propos$ to "w ! pump up to #ejj lbs41 b x 0 f\nd t ! lev] ( ! valve w\ld be> no m weight4 ,! utmo/ p[] ( ! hydraulic pump c\ld n bur/ ! tubes4 ,! gutta-p]*a be+ some:at ela/ic1 all[$ ! tubes to become slightly exp&$ by ! extraord9>y pressure :i* 0 appli$1 b on its )drawal1 !y resum$ _! =m] size4--,london ,me*anics' ,magaz9e1 ,vol4 ,,li4 ,,*eap ,,& ,,simple ,,me?od ,,( ,,mak+ ,,lea!r ,,wat]-,,pro(4 ,two p\nds ( tall[1 a p\nd ( hog's l>d1 a half p\nd ( turp5t9e1 & ! same quantity ( bees-wax are melt$ toge!r 9 an e>!n pipk94 ,! boots & %oes are dri$ & w>m$1 & ! composition is well rubb$ into !m ) a piece ( t[ dipp$ into x2 ! articles be+ held ne> a hot fire until !y h imbib$ z mu* z !y c take up4 ,?is mixture is us$ ) v good effect by sportsm54 ,ano!r mixture = ! same purpose1 :i* is mu* us$ by fi%]m51 is appli$ 9 ! same way4 ,x consi/s ( a p\nd ( bees-wax1 a half p\nd ( ros91 & ! same quantity ( beef-suet4--,morfit4 ,,book ,,iv4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,pat5ts4 ,gutta-,p]*a is de/9$ to ex]t a v important influ5ce 9 comm]ce & manufactures4 ,s9ce its discov]y x has made rapid /rides z a useful & important ag5t 9 ! arts4 ,its uses may be said to be innum]able1 & al?\gh x 0 discov]$ b a few ye>s s9ce1 x has completely sup]s$$ o!r sub/ances1 :i* 7 be=e reg>d$ z indisp5sable4 ,our object is to give to manufactur]s & all int]e/$ 9 ! use1 hi/ory1 or application ( ?is gum1 z mu* insight z possible into ! pat5ts :i* h be5 issu$ 9 relation to x1 bo? 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h v c>efully exam9$ all ! ,engli% works :i* treat ^u ! subject1 & %all give a fai?ful hi/ory ( all t has be5 writt5 ^u x :i* is ( practical importance to ! %oe manufactur]4 ,a bett] k ( its prop]ties & uses _c1 we ?9k1 be obta9$ ?an is set =? 9 ! v>i\s pat5ts & communications :i* h be5 issu$4 ,"h may be f\nd1 n only a g5]al idea ( gutta-p]*a z a gum1 b ! results ( sci5tific inve/igation1 application1 & analysis4 ,we h1 !re=e1 c>efully avoid$ all ! sup]flu\s te*nicalities connect$ ) pat5t pap]s1 except su* z are important to ! object propos$1 & select$ only su* z w be ( real importance to ! %oe manufactur]1 or ! sci5tific enquir]4 ,! fir/ pat5t ev] issu$ 9 ,engl&1 & :i* may be consid]$ z ! ma/] pat5t1 0 tak5 out by ,ri*>d ,ar*ibald ,brooman1 ( ,london4 ,pat5t dat$ ,m>* #aa1 #ahde4 ,specification enroll$ ,septemb] #aa1 #ahde4 ,aft] recit+ ! specification1 ! pat5t describes ! prop]ties ( ! gum4 ,fir/4 ,x is ( a highly combu/ible quality1 be+ *iefly compos$ ( c>bon & hydrog51 :ile at ! same "t x inflames only at a v high degree ( heat1 & is n injuri\sly affect$ by any kn[n degree ( atmosph]ic heat4 ,second4 ,x is soluble 9 ess5tial oils1 b resi/s1 to a great ext5t ! action ( grease & unctu\s oils4 ,?ird4 ,x mixes readily ) pa9ts1 pigm5ts1 & mo/ o!r color+ matt]4 ,f\r?4 ,x is repell5t (1 & unaffect$ by cold wat] or damp4 ,fif?4 ,x may be s s(t5$ by m]e imm]sion 9 hot wat]1 or by exposure to /eam or hot air1 z to be capable )\t fur!r treatm5t1 ( be+ knead$ or m\ld$1 or roll$ out1 or spread 9 any desir$ %ape1 & to any ext5t ( t5sity4 ,six?4 ,x is ( a /rongly adhesive or agglut9at+ quality1 & :5 dry is free f /ick9ess4 ,sev5?4 ,9 ! dry or solid /ate x is flexible1 ( great t5acity1 & to a slight degree ela/ic4 ,eigh?4 ,x is imp]meable to1 & n injuri\sly affect$ by atmosph]ic air4 ,n9?4 ,x is1 9 a pure /ate1 ne>ly inodor\s4 ,t5?4 ,x is little1 if at all injur$ by use1 7except z fuel71 & may1 aft] x has be5 employ$ 9 a manufactur$ /ate1 be recov]$ or r5ovat$1 & manufactur$ anew4 ,9 "s ( ^! prop]ties1 namely1 its adhesive1 & wat] & air repell5t prop]ties1 gutta-p]*a resembles ca\t*\c1 or ,india-rubb]1 b x is advantage\sly di/+ui%$ f x 9 its fre$om f /ick9ess :5 dry1 9 its n be+ s affect$ by atmosph]ic heat1 or by unctu\s oils1 & 9 its be+ workable by means ( hot wat] alone4 ,! pat5tee !n describ$ h[ ?is sub/ance may be appli$1 ei!r by itself1 or 9 comb9ation ) o!r mat]ials4 #a/4 ,artificial ,fuels4--,five diff]5t sorts are describ$1 ! peculi>ity 9 all ( :i* consi/s 9 ! sub/itution ( ! gutta-p]*a1 9 diff]5t =ms or proportions1 = ! coal t>1 or o!r agglut9iz+ sub/ance ord9>ily employ$4 #b;d & #c;d4 ,artificial ma/ics & cem5ts4 ,! gutta-p]*a is direct$ to be fir/ fre$ f ! fibr\s & =eign matt]s ) :i* x is usually f\nd int]mix$1 :5 fir/ import$1 aft] :i* x is to be appli$ 9 any "o ( ! ?ree /ates1 namely1 #a/1 a pla/ic /ate2 #b;d1 a granul> or pulv]iz$ /ate2 & #c;d1 a /ate ( solution4 ,,pla/ic ,,applications4 ,! knead+ ma*9]y is simil> to t us$ 9 ! manufacture ( rubb]4 ,:5 x is desir$ to give to ! mass ( gutta-p]*a a great] degree ( ela/icity ?an is natural to x1 ,i mix up & incorporate ) x1 :ile x is go+ ?r\gh ! knead+ ma*9e1 ei!r a portion ( ca\t*\c or a portion ( sulphur1 or portions bo? ( ca\t*\c & sulphur4 ,! foll[+ are good av]age proportions3 ab\t ?ree p>ts ca\t*\c = e six p>ts ( gutta-p]*a1 or "o "p ( sulphur = e eight p>ts ( gutta-p]*a1 or two p>ts ( ca\t*\c1 & "o "p ( sulphur = e six p>ts ( gutta-p]*a4 ,:5 ca\t*\c1 h[ev]1 is employ$ to increase ! ela/icity ( ! gutta-p]*a1 a degree ( heat1 ( n less ?an #aej ,fahr5heit is necess>y to effect ! amalgamation ( ! two sub/ances4 ,! ca\t*\c is mo/ conv5i5tly introduc$ into ! ma*9e at ! same "t ) ! gutta-p]*a1 b ! sulphur %\ld be dropp$ into & ^u ! gutta p]*a f "t to "t1 & 9 small quantities at a "t4 ,! gutta-p]*a takes up ! o!r mat]ials readily1 & ! :ole are1 at ! end ( ! process1 ?or\ghly amalgamat$4 ,%\ld x be desir$ to give any color to ! mass1 ! requisite pigm5t or color+ matt] is introduc$ 9 ! same mann] z ! sulphur1 & also 9 small quantities at a "t4 ,! color+ matt] p5etrates e "p ( ! mass1 & becomes p]fectly amalgamat$ & id5tifi$ ) x4 ,! gutta-p]*a may be also improv$ 9 smoo?ness1 by incorporat+ ) x "s pulv]iz$ ,fr5* or ,turkey *alk1 or o!r s(t p[d]1 add+ x 9 same way z ! sulphur1 or %\ld x be desir$ to make x r\gh1 & abrasive1 x may be mix$ up ) "s gr\nd em]y1 s&1 or o!r h>d sub/ance1 9 a granul> /ate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are o!r comb9ations 9 :i* ! gutta-p]*a 9 its pla/ic /ate1 intimately mix$ or bl5d$ ) o!r mat]ials1 z = example3--,!re may be add$ to ! gutta-p]*a1 :ile 9 ! knead+ ma*9e1 pap] pulp1 wood du/1 lea!r du/1 hair bri/les1 oakum1 c4 7tak+ c>e :5 !y are n 9 a comm9ut$ /ate1 to cut !m up small7 & comp\nd fabrics w be ?us produc$ v suitable = p>+1 ro(+1 %ea?+1 & o!r purposes4 ,,applications ,,9 ,,/ate ,,( ,,solution4 ,z be=e /at$ ! gutta-p]*a may be dissolv$ 9 mo/ ( ! ess5tial oils1 & by ! application ( a g5tle heat1 ! pat5tee /ates t he pref]s us+ = ! purpose1 rectifi$ nap?a1 or rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e4 ,x may also be appli$ 9 a /ate ( solution to r5d]+ wat] & air pro(1 or cem5t+ ! v>i\s articles to :i* gutta-p]*a has be5 be=e /at$ to be applicable = ^! purposes 9 a pla/ic /ate1 :5 sulphur impos$ ^u or betwe5 ! surfaces ( articles4 ,x may be appli$ 9 ?is fluid /ate1 to ! saturation ( cordage ( all sorts1 9 ord] to increase its /r5g?1 & r5d] x wat] pro(1 & z a size = /iff5+ silks1 ribbons1 & o!r fabrics4 ,& la/ly1 x may be employ$ 9 ?is liquid /ate mix$ ) colors1 = pr9t+ silk1 cotton1 lea!r1 & o!r fabrics4 ,r4 ,a4 ,,brooman caus$ ano!r pat5t to be issu$1 "u date ( ,m>* #bg1 #ahde4 ,! inv5tion compreh5d$ "u ?is pat5t is /at$ to h = its object ! 8! manufacture ( a ?read ( great /r5g? & durability1 & p]fectly wat]-pro(1 f ! sub/ance call$ gutta-p]*a1 & ! application !re( to ! manufacture ( piece goods1 ribbon1 pap]1 & o!r articles40 ,! specification !n describes ! mann] 9 :i* ?is object is c>ri$ out4 ,! ma*9]y is v simple4 ,x consi/s ( a die-box kept hot by /eam1 f ! bottom ( :i* a numb] ( small tubes project d[nw>ds into a tank fill$ ) cold wat]2 & a cyl9d] & pi/on m\nt$ on ! top ( ! box4 ,! mode ( op]ation is z foll[s3 ,a roll ( ! prep>$ gutta-p]*a is introduc$ into ! cyl9d] imm$iately above ! die-box4 ,! pi/on is !n replac$1 & =c$ /eadily d[nw>ds by h& or o!r suitable p[] ^u ! gutta-p]*a1 :i*1 becom+ s(t5$ at ! l[] end by contact ) ! hot die-box1 escapes f ! pressure ?r\gh ! tubes 9 a s]ies ( ?reads1 :i*1 z !y drop into & are cool$ 9 ! wat] 9 ! tank1 & c>ri$ ar\nd a roll]1 :5ce !y are conduct$ to & w\nd ^u a set ( revolv+ reels1 aft] ! mann] ( h&-sp9n+1 t is1 by work+ ! ?read betwe5 ! f+]s & ?umb1 ! ?read may be /ret*$ ab\t f\r times ! orig9al l5g?4 ,! ?reads are !n w\nd (f on bobb9s & ready = use4 ,i twi/ & sp9 two or m su* ?reads toge!r into "o r\nd ?read1 by means ( a bobb9 & fly frame1 su* z is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( cotton4 ,besides giv+ to ! gutta-p]*a ?reads ! desir$ r\ndness1 ^! :irl+ & twi/+ processes h ! effect ( greatly improv+ !m1 9 po9t ( ela/icity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a /rong1 & p]fectly wat]-pro( fabric is =m$ by simply lay+ a numb] ( gutta-p]*a ?reads side by side ^u a f\ndation ( cotton or l951 or o!r textile fabric1 & pass+ ! two mat]ials betwe5 heat$ roll]s1 :i* h ! effect ( cem5t+ ! ?reads firmly to ! clo? & to "o ano!r2 & su* fabrics may1 by us+ ! ?reads ( diff]5t sizes & color1 h e nicety ( /rip$ appe>ance giv5 !m4 ,articles resembl+ diap]1 or mosaic "w1 are made ( gutta-p]*a ?reads ( diff]5t colors or %ades1 v rapidly & economically4 ,9 ! manufacture ( pap]1 an article v difficult to r5d1 & :i* w1 !re=e1 be f\nd extremely suitable = docum5ts expos$ to mu* te> & we>1 z bills ( ex*ange1 c]tificates1 also = wrapp]s1 envelopes ( all sorts is =m$ by int]pos+ betwe5 two %eets ( pap] pulp ?reads ( gutta-p]*a1 laid cross-wise l net "w1 at di/ances ( an in* or two ap>t1 m or less1 & comb9+ ! two %eets by any suitable ma*9]y z heat$ roll]s4 ,! gutta-p]*a ?read may also be plait$ ei!r 9 ! nak$ or %eet /ate1 into hats1 cans1 bonnets1 or into bags1 baskets1 basket "w1 or into cov]+s = *airs z a sub/itute = cane1 or into :ips1 bridles1 re9s1 or into any o!r simil> articles--& f9ally1 cordage ( great /r5g? may be made by tw9+ toge!r ?reads ( gutta-p]*a ) ?reads ( flax1 or o!r durable fibr\s mat]ial1 by ! same processes z are ord9>ily foll[$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! diff]5t sorts ( cordage4 ,! foll[+ describ$ ,pat5t = improvem5ts 9 ,boots1 ,%oes1 ,gait]s1 c41 is ( great importance1 inasmu* z x fully describes ! me?od ( manufacture1 ! solution us$1 c4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ,mr4 ,ke5e mix$ ca\t*\c or ,india-rubb] ) gutta-p]*a4 ,?is process is n[ f\nd to be v detrim5tal to ! durability ( ! boot1 %oe or gait]1 inasmu* z a rubb] mixture is sure to become decompos$ by ! oils 9 ! upp] /ock or soles4 ,x also r5d]s ! %oe a na/y1 /icky mass1 mak+ x impossible to repair !m4 ,! process has be5 tri$ "h1 evid5tly a copy ( ! ,ke5e pat5t4 ,aft] an exp5diture ( ?\s&s ( doll>s1 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes by ?is admixture ( ,india-rubb] has be5 ab&on$ z impracticable4 ,gutta-p]*a1 on ! contr>y1 is n affect$ by oils1 & "h is ! gr& secret ( ! success & triumph ( boots & %oes cem5t$ by x4 ,goods ( v>i\s descriptions1 includ+ boots & %oes1 7 l>gely manufactur$ 9 ,engl&1 betwe5 #ahde & #ahdh1 :i*1 be+ made ) a mixture ( ,india-rubb] & o!r =eign matt]1 7 ?us r5d]$ valueless4 ,9 six mon?s aft] _m ( ^! v>ieties ( elegant fabrics 7 put into ! m>ket1 !y 7 discov]$ to be a /icky mass ( wor?less tra%1 or :]e ! rubb] 0 omitt$ became brittle l glass4 ,:]eas1 goods t 7 manufactur$ f ! pure gutta-p]*a1 su* z picture frames1 c41 rema9$ un9jur$ to ! pres5t day1 & are n[ app>5tly z firm & inde/ructible z :5 fir/ made4 ,"h foll[s ! ,pat5t4 ,,*>les ,,ke5e1 ( ,sussex ,place1 ,reg5t's ,p>k1 ,esq41 = improvem5ts 9 ,boots & ,%oes1 ,gait]s1 ,ov]alls1 & o!r l articles4 ,pat5t dat$ ,may #bi?3 ,specification enroll$ ,novemb] #bi?1 #ahde4 ,my improvem5ts 9 boots1 %oes1 gait]s1 ov]alls1 & o!r l articles ( app>el1 consi/ 9 r5d]+ ! same m or less wea!r & wat]-pro(1 & m easy ( we>1 by ! application ( ! same1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ( ! sub/ance rec5tly import$ f ! ,ea/ ,indies call$ gutta-p]*a4 ,fir/4 ,i coat ! pieces ( lea!r1 or o!r mat]ial1 ( :i* ! boots1 %oes1 gait]s1 ov]alls1 or o!r articles ( app>el1 are made1 on ei!r "o or bo? sides1 ) a solution ( gutta-p]*a1 or a solution ( gutta-p]*a mix$ ) a portion or portions ( ca\t*\c1 or sulphur1 or color+ matt]1 or any o!r sub/ance or ?+ :i* may be calculat$ to improve ! quality ( ! said solution z direct$ & expla9$ 9 ! specification ( c]ta9 lett]s pat5t1 ( date ,m>* #aa?1 #ahde1 grant$ to ,ri*>d ,ar*ibald ,brooman1 = 8c]ta9 improvem5ts 9 ! prep>ation & application ( artificial fuels1 ma/ics1 & cem5ts10 & ?is ,i d ei!r once1 twice1 or (t5]1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! solution1 & ! ?ickness desir$ to be giv5 to ! coat+2 & sometimes1 in/ead ( s coat+ ! :ole ( ! said pieces1 ,i coat ^? pieces :i* are likely to be mo/ expos$ to ! wea!r or wet1 z = example1 ! out] sole & upp] lea!rs only4 ,second4 ,i protect 9 l mann] ! said pieces ( lea!r1 or o!r mat]ial1 "s or all ( !m1 by cov]+ ! same1 ei!r on "o or bo? sides1 ) a lay] or lay]s ( gutta-p]*a 9 ! pla/ic /ate1 or ( gutta-p]*a comb9$ 9 ! said pla/ic /ate ) a portion or portions ( ca\t*\c1 or sulphur1 or color+ matt]1 or ( ,fr5* *alk1 or o!r s(t p[d]1 z direct$ 9 ! a=esaid specification ( ! pat5t ( ,ri*>d ,ar*ibald ,brooman1 apply+ ! said lay] or lay]s by ! means & 9 ! mode also describ$ 9 ! said specification4 ,?ird4 ,in/ead ( ei!r coat+ or cov]+1 z a=esaid1 ! mat]ials ( :i* ! boots & o!r articles be=e m5tion$ are made1 ,i sometimes int]pose betwe5 ! same or c]ta9 portions ( ! same1 z = example1 betwe5 ! inn] & out] soles1 or betwe5 ! upp] lea!rs & l9+s1 pieces ( gutta-p]*a 9 any ( ! %eet /ates 9 :i* x is manufactur$ "u ! said pat5t ( ,ri*>d ,ar*ibald ,brooman4 ,f\r?4 ,i manufacture boots1 %oes1 gait]s1 ov]alls1 & o!r l articles1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ( a comp\nd fabric1 =m$ & describ$ by ! specification ( ! said ,ri*>d ,ar*ibald ,brooman1 by add+ to ! gutta-p]*a :ile 9 ! knead+ ma*9e 7:e!r previ\sly comb9$1 or n comb9$ ) ca\t*\c or sulphur1 or color+ matt]1 or ,fr5* *alk1 or o!r s(t p[d]1 z a=esaid7 a portion ( lea!r1 du/1 or hair1 or bri/les1 or gr\nd cork1 or wool5 %e>+s1 or o!r membran\s or fibr\s sub/ances1 9 a f9ely comm9ut$ /ate4 ,fif?4 ,i also manufacture boots1 %oes1 gait]s1 & o!r l articles1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ( a c]ta9 o!r fabric :i* is direct$ 9 ! specification ( ! said ,ri*>d ,ar*ibald ,brooman to be =m$ by saturat+ a bat or fleece ( cotton wool1 or o!r fibr\s mat]ial1 ) a solution ( gutta-p]*a1 or a mix$ solution ( gutta-p]*a & ca\t*\c2 pref]r+1 h[ev]1 = ! purpose ( ?is "p ( my inv5tion1 su* bats or fleeces1 z h be5 saturat$ ) a solution conta9+ 9 x a portion m or less ( sulphur & ( "s color+ matt]4 ,six?4 ,i make boots & %oes1 & ! o!r articles a=esaid1 ( gutta-p]*a1 or ( a mixture ( gutta-p]*a & ca\t*\c1 ei!r sulphuriz$ or n sulphuriz$1 all 9 "o piece1 )\t sew+ or /it*+1 z usual1 by ca/+ ! same 9 cor$ m\lds1 made ( ! requir$ =m ( ! boot1 %oe or o!r article4 ,i ei!r fill ! m\ld ) ! mat]ial 9 a /ate ( hot solution1 & leave x to cool1 or ,i fill x ) ! mat]ial 9 a granul> /ate2 heat ! m\ld till its cont5ts become 9 a pulpy /ate1 & !n set x to cool4 ,i sometimes use a s+le matrix only1 & cause ! mat]ial 9 a %eet or 9 a pla/ic /ate1 to assume ! /ate ( t matrix by =c+ x into ! recesses !re(1 by means ( ! pressure ( wat] or air1 & sometimes 9 ord] to give great] spr+9ess to ! boot or %oe1 or o!r article1 in/ead ( ca/+ x all 9 "o piece1 ,i ca/ x 9 two or m pieces2 z = example1 ,i ca/ ! front "p 9 "o piece1 & ! heel or back "p 9 ano!r piece1 & unite ! two p>ts by means ( an int]pos$ piece or pieces ( lea!r or ( gutta-p]*a 9 ! %eet1 & sulphuriz$ /ate1 or "s o!r l flexible mat]ial4 ,sev5?4 ,in/ead ( unit+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( :i* boots & %oes1 & o!r articles a=esaid are made1 by /it*+ or sew+1 z usual1 :5ev] any two ( ^! p>ts1 or any "o or two p>ts consi/s ( gutta-p]*a1 or ( a mixture ( gutta-p]*a & ca\t*\c 9 any ( ! %eet /ates a=esaid1 ,i pass a hot iron ov] ! jo9t or jo9ts1 :i* causes ! two surfaces to adh]e firmly toge!r4 ,eigh?4 ,i take boots1 %oes1 gait]s1 ov]alls1 & o!r articles z !y are n[ ord9>ily made ( unsulphuriz$ ca\t*\c1 & greatly improve ! same 9 po9t ( smoo?ness ( texture1 & capability ( resi/+ v>iations ( temp]ature by expos+ !m = f ?irty to sixty m9utes to ! fumes ( sulphur1 9 a close vessel1 heat$ to a temp]ature ( #baj to #bej degrees m or less1 or imm]s+ !m = ! same l5g? ( "t 9 a ba? ( melt$ sulphur4 ,9 ei!r case1 9 ord] to prev5t ! articles f /ick+ to "o ano!r1 !y %\ld be done ov] ) a pa/e made ( ,fr5* *alk1 fl\r & wat]1 & t pa/e all[$ to dry be=e subject+ !m to ! action ( ! sulphur4 ,boots1 %oes1 & o!r articles made 9 :ole1 or 9 "p ( unsulphuriz$ gutta-p]*a1 may be treat$ 9 ! same way1 b ,i pref] incorporat+ ! sulphur 9 ! fir/ in/ance ) ! gutta-p]*a1 :5 x is 9 ! /ate ( solution1 or 9 ! pla/ic /ate1 or 9 any ( ! o!r /ates ( prep>ation & comb9ation a=esaid4 ,la/ly4 ,i improve ! %oes ( horses by lay+ ^u & secur+ to ! upp] "p ( ! same1 a %eet1 or lay] ( sulphuriz$ gutta-p]*a1 or ( sulphuriz$ ca\t*\c1 or by mak+ ! same :olly ( ei!r ( ! said mat]ials4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! %eet or lay] ( sulphuriz$ gutta-p]*a1 & sulphuriz$ ca\t*\c1 may be ei!r atta*$ to ! %oe by rivets1 be=e x is appli$ to ! foot1 or x may be laid loosely betwe5 ! %oe & foot :5 ! horse is be+ %od1 & be made fa/ by pass+ ! %oe nails ?r\gh x4 ,x af=ds a s(t & yet firm foot+ to ! animal1 & resi/s1 )\t injury to its %ape1 v high degrees ( heat & pressure4 ,! foll[+ describ$ pat5t 0 tak5 out by ,,*>les ,,hancock1 ( ,grosv5or ,place1 = 8c]ta9 improvem5ts 9 ! manufacture ( gutta-p]*a1 & its application alone1 & its comb9ation ) o!r sub/ances40 ,pat5t dat$ ,jan4 #ab1 #ahdf4 ,9 copy+ ^! pat5ts our aim is to make p]fectly pla9 & cle> to all int]e/$1 c]ta9 *emical facts1 comp\nds & ! l1 :i* produce desir$ results1 & :i* h ?us f> be5 pres]v$1 z pr(\nd secrets4 ,= example1 9 select+ c]ta9 claims or descriptions 9 ! ,hancock ,pat5t1 we "h describe ! process ( mak+ & apply+ v>ni%es to ,india-rubb] %oes1 etc41 :i* v>ni%es are p]fectly sweet1 8%utt+ 90 all disagreeable odors1 f sulphur & o!r comb9ations4 ,^! v>ni%es may be appli$ to lea!r or clo?1 giv+ !m a beautiful glossy ext]ior1 also r5d]+ !m wat]-pro(4 ,! inv5tor says--8,my inv5tion consi/s fir/ly1 9 c]ta9 improv$ me?ods ( prep>+ gutta-p]*a = manufactur+ purposes4 ,if ! gutta-p]*a to be op]at$ ^u1 is n v impure1 x may be at once submitt$ to ! process h]eaft] describ$4 99 99 99 99 ,if impure1 ! gutta-p]*a may be cleans$ by ! process z laid d[n by ,r4 ,a4 ,brooman1 ,m>* #aa1 #ahde40 ,mr4 ,hancock cont9ues--8,accord+ to "o ( my improv$ me?ods ( prep>+ gutta-p]*a1 ,i place x 9 a pla/ic /ate 9 a cyl9drical screw press1 kept hot by a /eam jacket1 or o!rwise1 & hav+ ! bottom p]=at$ ) num]\s holes1 & squeeze x ?r\gh ! /ra9] & p]=at$ bottom1 f :i* x falls 9 a mu* purifi$ /ate4 8,?is op]ation may1 if necess>y1 be repeat$2 ,i !n transf] ! gutta-p]*a 9 ?is purifi$ /ate1 to a ma/icat+ ma*9e1 su* z is commonly employ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ca\t*\c1 & kept hot by any suitable means1 & "w & knead ! gutta-p]*a until x is br\ght to ! consi/5ce ( d\gh or putty4 ,accord+ to ano!r ( my modes ( prep>+ gutta-p]*a1 in/ead ( pass+ x ?r\gh ! screw-press1 z be=e describ$1 ,i take ! pla/ic mass & pass x a numb] ( times betwe5 heat$ roll]s1 kept hot by hot wat]1 /eam1 or any o!r conv5i5t means4 ,or1 ?irdly1 ,i take ! gutta-p]*a z import$1 & dissolve x by means ( rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e1 or any o!r suitable solv5t1 & filt] ! solution :ile w>m1 ?r\gh flannel1 or felt1 or f9e wire gauze1 aft] :i* ,i di/il (f ! solv5t1 & evaporate ! residuum to ! consi/5ce ( d\gh or putty40 ,secondly1 8,my inv5tion consi/s 9 mak+ a comp\nd1 ela/ic1 wat]-repell5t sub/ance = manufactur+ purposes1 by comb9+ gutta-p]*a ) an ela/ic & wat]-repell5t sub/ance1 call$ 8j9tawan40 ,i comb9e ! two sub/ances 9 a ma/icator1 & !n op]ate ^u ! two mat]ials by t ma*9e2 at ! same "t add+ any color+ matt] t may be desir$1 cont9u+ ! op]ation ( ! ma*9e1 until !y are intimately bl5d$ toge!r4 ,& ,i make ! triple comb9ation ( #8gutta-p]*a1' #8j9tawan1' & #8ca\t*\c1' & by means ( a ma/icator1 9 ! same mann]4 ,= ! purpose ( mak+ ^! comb9ations4 ,i v>y ! proportions ( ! two1 or ( ! ?ree sub/ances :i* ,i comb9e accord+ to ! quality :i* x is desir$ t ! comb9$ sub/ance %all possess40 99 99 99 99 99 ,?irdly1 8,my inv5tion consi/s 9 comb9+ gutta-p]*a1 or gutta-p]*a1 ca\t*\c1 & 8j9tawan0 ) orpim5t1 liv] ( sulphur or o!r sulphurets1 hav+ l *emical prop]ties1 :i* w enable x to comb9e effectually ) ! o!r articles above m5tion$1 & aft]w>ds subject+ ! comp\nd sub/ance to heat1 z h]e9 describ$4 99 99 ,a good comp\nd = b&s or tapes1 is f\nd by comb9+ #ej p>ts ( gutta-p]*a1 #bd p>ts ( 8j9tawan10 #bj p>ts ( ca\t*\c1 & #f p>ts ( orpim5t4 ,i may /ate z a g5]al rule1 d$uc$ f ! exp]im5ts :i* ,i h made1 t ! proportion ( orpim5t1 or o!r sulphuret us$1 ought n to exce$ #be p] c5t4 99 99 99 99 99 8,:5 j9tawan1 or ca\t*\c is us$ 9 mak+ ?is comp\nd article1 ! comb9ation ( ! mat]ials w be mu* facilitat$ by previ\sly moi/5+ ! j9tawan & ca\t*\c1 or su* ( !m z are us$1 ) rectifi$ oil ( turp5t9e1 or "s o!r solv5t1 s t !y may be s(t5$ 9 ! mann] a=esaid4 ,! orpim5t$1 or sulphuret$ comp\nd is next to be expos$ to a heat ( f #cjj to #cdj1 = a p]iod v>y+ accord+ z ! temp]ature is high] or l[]4 ,) a heat ( #cjj ,fahr5heit1 ,i keep ! article expos$ to x = ab\t sixty m9utes2 ) a heat ( #cdj1 = ab\t fifte5 m9utes only4 ,! requir$ heat may be obta9$ by means ei!r ( high pressure /eam1 or wat] heat$ "u pressure1 or ( hot air4 99 99 99 99 99 8,i consid] ! use ( sulphur to be objectionable1 because ( ! (f5sive smell :i* x imp>ts to ! article1 & ( ! t5d5cy :i* sulphur has to eff]vesce1 or exude f ! surface ( x4 ,& !re=e ,i pref] ! use ( orpim5t or "s o!r sulphuret :i* w comb9e m effectually ) ! o!r compon5t p>ts ( ! article40 99 99 99 99 99 ,f\r?ly1 8,my inv5tion consi/s 9 a mode ( r5d]+ gutta-p]*a1 or a comb9ation ( t sub/ance ) #8j9tawan' & ca\t*\c1 or ei!r ( !m1 ( a light1 por\s1 & spongy texture1 =m+ a species ( artificial sponge1 suitable = /uff+ or =m+ ! seats ( *airs1 cu%ions1 mattresses1 saddles1 horse coll>s1 buff]s1 & = _m o!r useful purposes4 99 99 99 99 99 8,to gutta-p]*a1 :i* is int5d$ to be made por\s or spongy1 = su* purposes z a=esaid1 mu/ be add$ ab\t #aj p] c5t4 ( rectifi$ _s ( turp5t9e1 or o!r prop] solv5t1 & ! :ole mix$ toge!r by any conv5i5t means4 ,& if any ( ! above-m5tion$ comp\nds ( gutta-p]*a is int5d$ to be simil>ly treat$1 ! ca\t*\c or 8j9tawan0 us$ !re91 mu/ be previ\sly dissolv$ 9 f #ajj to #bjj p] c5t4 ( a simil> solv5t1 ! quantity ( solv5t be+ m or less1 accord+ z ! product is int5d$ to be m or less spongy & ela/ic4 ,to ! article :i* is int5d$ to be made por\s & spongy1 mu/ be add$ alum or c>bonate ( ammonia1 or "s o!r description ( volatilizable sub/ance4 8,if ! article :i* is int5d$ to be made por\s & spongy1 is requir$ to be made m p]man5tly s(t & ela/ic1 x %\ld be comb9$ orpim5t1 liv] ( sulphur1 or a sulphuret1 9 ! same way z describ$ 9 ! ?ird "p ( my inv5tion4 ,a portion ( sulphur may1 9 su* a case1 be us$1 b ,i pref] orpim5t1 liv] ( sulphur1 or a sulphuret1 = ! reasons ,i h be=e /at$4 8,! article :i* is int5d$ to be made spongy & por\s mu/ !n be ?or\ghly mix$ ) f t5 to tw5ty p] c5t4 ( alum1 c>bonate ( ammonia1 or "s readily-volatilizable sub/ance1 ei!r 9 ! ma/icat+ ma*9e1 or by any o!r conv5i5t means4 ,! mat]ial ?us prep>$1 may be put into m\lds1 or =ms1 or ^u trays1 or conf9$ 9 su* a way z to cause x to assume ! =m :i* x is int5d$ to possess4 ,! mat]ial is !n put into an ov5 or *amb]1 heat$ by /eam or o!r conv5i5t means1 to a temp]ature ( f #bej to #bfj ( ,fahr5heit1 at :i* temp]ature ! article mu/ be kept f "o to two h\rs1 accord+ to ! desir$ result4 ,! effect ( ! exposure ( ! article to ?is high temp]ature w be to drive (f ! solv5t ) :i* x has be5 mix$1 & at ! same "t1 ! alum1 c>bonate ( ammonia1 or o!r volatilizable sub/ance be=e m5tion$1 cause ! article to swell1 & w r5d] x por\s & spongy4 ,:5 ! article has be5 expos$ to ?is temp]ature = ab\t "o h\r1 x w be 9 ! mo/ por\s & spongy /ate1 & if ! op]ation is fur!r prolong$1 ! effect w be to r5d] x less ela/ic & m rigid40 ,fif?ly1 8,my inv5tion consi/s 9 imp>t+1 by ! foll[+ process1 to gutta-p]*a & its v>i\s comb9ations ) ca\t*\c & 8j9tawan10 :5 orpim5t$ or sulphuret$ z a=esaid1 almo/ any degree ( h>dness & t5acity1 )\t injury to its wat]-repell5t prop]ties4 ,i take ! gutta-p]*a1 or gutta-p]*a comp\nd1 aft] x has gone ?r\gh ! process describ$ "u ! ?ird head ( ?is specification1 & :ile x is yet 9 a pla/ic /ate1 & press x into m\lds1 :i* ,i b9d tightly toge!r ) iron plates1 screws & nuts4 ,i !n place ^! m\lds 9 a *amb] or vessel rais$ by /eam or hot air to a temp]ature ( f #cjj to #chj1 = f "o to five or six days1 v>y+ ! degree ( heat & ! "t ( exposure to x1 accord+ to ! degree ( h>dness & t5acity requir$1 aft] :i* ,i set ! m\lds aside to cool sl[ly4 ,! gutta-p]*a & gutta-p]*a comp\nds may be s h>d5$ by ?is means1 z to be turn$ 9 ! la!1 l wood or ivory4 ,& !y are ?us r5d]$ applicable to a great v>iety ( purposes1 = :i* !y c\ld n 9 any o!r /ate be suitable1 su* z picture-frames1 knife & sword h&les1 door-h&les & panels1 walk+-/icks1 *ess-m51 seal-hold]s1 pap]-cutt]s1 combs1 flutes1 musical-keys1 buttons1 pulleys1 ornam5tal & ar*itectural decorations1 c4 8,! mat]ial may be ei!r at once =m$ into any ( ^! articles1 by mak+ ! m\lds ( ! =m & figure ( ! articles2 or x may be produc$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance 9 pla9 blocks1 & aft]w>ds cut up & fa%ion$ at pleasure1 by su* tools & in/rum5ts z are ord9>ily us$ = l purposes40 ,eigh?ly1 8,my inv5tion consi/s 9 =m+ 9 mann] c]ta9 v>ni%es :i* may be appli$ to ! wat]-pro(+ ( lea!r or clo?1 & 9 apply+ !m ei!r alone or mix$1 )\t color+ matt]1 to gutta-p]*a or its comp\nds1 or to articles made f !m1 !y may h a f9e1 glossy ext]ior giv5 to !m1 & ! smell ( any +r$i5t :i* may h be5 mix$ up ) !m1 & :i* may be ( an (f5sive nature1 7su* z sulphur7 may be effectually %ut 94 ,= ?is purpose ,i take ! gutta-p]*a1 or gutta-p]*a comb9$ ) 8j9tawan0 & ca\t*\c1 or ei!r ( !m1 orpim5t$ or sulphuret$ z be=e describ$1 or sulphurize & dissolve x by conf9+ ! mass 9 a /eam-tight vessel1 & by plac+ t vessel 9 a *amb] heat$ by /eam or o!r conv5i5t means to a temp]ature ( #cjj to #chj ,fah41 or ,i mix gutta-p]*a & ca\t*\c1 or gutta-p]*a & 8j9tawan0 7us+ ! sub/ance indiff]5tly1 s f> z ! proportion "o be>s to ! o!r17 ) sulphur or orpim5t1 or o!r sulphuret1 9 ! proportion be=e direct$ to be obs]v$1 :]e ^! sub/ances are introduc$ ) ab\t eight to t5 p>ts ( animal or vegetable wax1 or ( animal or vegetable fatty matt]1 & !n dissolv$ 9 rectifi$ spirits ( turp5t9e1 & evaporate z be=e4 ,z ^! v>ni%es comb9e readily ) colors1 !y af=d ! means ( r5d]+ a num]\s class ( articles1 su* z ela/ic r+s1 b&s1 b&ages1 /raps1 c41 mu* m ext5sively1 suitable & v5dible ?an be=e4 ,^! v>ni%es mix$ ) colors1 may also be us$ = ! purpose ( pa9t+ or pr9t+ clo?1 lea!r1 or any o!r fabric4 ,^! v>ni%es w also be f\nd v useful z cem5ts1 p>ticul>ly 9 comb9+ gutta-p]*a & its comp\nd1 ) silk1 cotton1 & o!r textile fabrics40 99 99 99 99 99 ,elev5?ly1 8,my inv5tion consi/s 9 mak+ c>ds = c>d+ cotton & o!r fibr\s mat]ials1 9 mann] foll[+--,i make ! backs ei!r ( gutta-p]*a alone1 spread 9 a pla/ic /ate to a suffici5t ?ickness on a clo?1 or felt1 or o!r suitable f\ndation1 or ( any ( ! gutta-p]*a comp\nds :i* are ( suffici5t flexibility & consi/5ce = ! purpose4 ,& ,i ins]t ! metal tee? 9 ^! backs1 accord+ to any ( ! kn[n me?ods foll[$ 9 ! manufacture ( su* c>ds40 ,twelf?ly1 8,my inv5tion consi/s 9 mix+ ) ! gutta-p]*a prep>$ 9 ! mann] fir/ h]e9be=e describ$ & exemplifi$ 9 ! ma/icat+ ma*9e1 %ellac1 or res91 or asphalt1 or "s o!r res9\s or bitum9\s matt]2 & :5 ! mat]ials are ?or\ghly amalgamat$1 ,i spread ! mixture :ile 9 a fluid /ate1 ^u clo? or lea!r1 or any o!r suitable f\ndation4 99 99 99 99 99 8,= l[ pric$ articles1 ,i sometimes comb9e ca\t*\c & sulphur ) vegetable or ,/ockholm pit*2 & :5 spread into %eets or made up into o!r =ms1 ,i vulcanize ! comp\nd4 ,! proportions may be v>i$ v consid]ably1 z well z ! temp]atures at :i* !y are vulcaniz$2 b ,i f9d ! foll[+ to answ] well3 #h p>ts ca\t*\c1 #b sulphur1 #c pit*2 or #h p>ts ca\t*\c1 #b sulphur1 #a pit*1 submitt$ to a temp]ature ( #bij = an h\r4 ,to prev5t bli/]+ & porosity1 if necess>y1 ,i employ pressure by means ( screw cramps & plates1 or o!rwise1 dur+ ! vulcaniz+4 ,?is mat]ial is applicable to railway pack+1 & o!r r\gh uses4 8,i also comb9e & vulcanize 9 ! same mann] ca\t*\c1 sulphur1 & res9s1 pref]r+ on acc\nt ( its *eapness ! common res9 ( comm]ce4 ,! proportions & temp]ature1 z 9 ! case ( pit*1 may be v>i$2 b ! foll[+ ,i f9d to be useful = _m purposes3 #af p>ts ca\t*\c1 #b p>ts sulphur1 #f p>ts res92 or #af ca\t*\c1 #d sulphur1 #b res94 ,^! comp\nds may be submitt$ to ! same treatm5t z 9 ! case ( pit*1 & are applicable to simil> uses4 ,= "s purposes1 ,i also comb9e ca\t*\c & sulphur ) wood or cork du/1 or fibr\s sub/ances1 su* z hemp & flax1 or any o!r suitable mat]ial cut into %ort l5g?s1 & vulcanize su* comp\nds1 ei!r 9 blocks1 or spread1 or o!rwise wr\ght into %eets1 or =m$ into figures1 or emboss$1 or ornam5t$ z be=e describ$40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( 8,p>ke's ,improvem5ts 9 ,dye+0 w be f\nd to be v important3 ,i w n[ proce$ to describe ano!r "p ( my inv5tion1 :i* consi/s 9 dye+ ca\t*\c & gutta-p]*a alone1 or 9 comb9ation2 & aft]w>ds1 :5 desir$1 treat+ ^? matt]s by *ang+ ag5ts1 accord+ to ei!r ( ! me?ods h]e9 describ$4 ,to dye ca\t*\c1 or gutta-p]*a1 or _! comp\nds1 black1 ,i boil ! same f a qu>t] ( an h\r to half an h\r 9 ! foll[+ prep>ation3 ,i take "o p\nd ( sulphate ( copp] dissolv$ 9 "o gallon ( wat]1 "o p\nd ( cau/ic ammonia1 or muriate ( ammonia2 or ,i take & boil "o p\nd ( sulphate or bisulphate ( pota%1 & half a p\nd ( sulphate ( copp] ) "o gallon ( wat]4 ,to dye ca\t*\c1 or gutta-p]*a1 or _! comp\nds1 gre51 ,i take "o p\nd ( muriate ( ammonia1 half a p\nd ( sulphate ( copp]1 two p\nds ( cau/ic lime1 & "o gallon ( wat]1 & boil z be=e1 f qu>t] to half an h\r4 ,ano!r dye produc+ a purple t+e1 ,i obta9 by us+ "o p\nd ( sulphate or bisulphate ( pota%1 a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( sulphate ( copp]1 & a qu>t] ( a p\nd ( sulphate ( indigo1 & boil ! ca\t*\c1 or gutta-p]*a1 or comp\nds1 f "o qu>t] to half an h\r4 ,! dep? ( color may be v>i$ by v>y+ ! proportion ( ! +r$i5ts us$4 ,:5 x is wi%$ to color ca\t*\c1 or gutta-p]*a1 or _! comp\nds1 ,i employ ! foll[+ colors1 b d n conf9e myself !reto1 nor d ,i make any claim to ! same4 ,= blue1 ^? kn[n 9 comm]ce z ,victoria blue & ultram>9e4 ,= r$1 v]million1 c>m9e or rose lake4 ,= gre51 ,brunswick gre5 or acetate ( copp]4 ,= yell[1 *rome yell[ or oxide uranium4 ,= :ite1 ! color kn[n z sat9 :ite2 & ,i pref] g5]ally to use ?is color z a gr\nd = ! colors above nam$1 & ,i w\ld "h obs]ve1 t ! color+ processes prec$e ^? = 8! *ange40 ,,hancock',s ,,pat5t4 ,to ,,*>les ,,hancock ( ,grosv5or ,place1 ,middlesex1 ,london1 = c]ta9 improvem5ts 9 ! prep>ation ( gutta-p]*a1 & 9 ! application !re(1 alone & 9 comb9ation ) o!r mat]ials1 to manufactur+ purposes2 :i* improvem5ts are also applicable to o!r sub/ances4 ,seal$1 ,febru>y #aj?1 #ahdg4 ,?is inv5tion relates1 fir/ly1 to ! me?ods & ma*9]y employ$ = prep>+ gutta-p]*a = manufactur+ purposes4 ,secondly1 to c]ta9 improvem5ts or processes previ\sly secur$ to ! pres5t pat5tee1 & consi/+ 9 sulphurett+ gutta-p]*a1 7s9ce call$ metallo-?ioniz+7 & 9 apply+ ^! improvem5ts to ! sulphurett+ ( ca\t*\c & j9tawan4 ,9 ! la/-m5tion$ specification1 ! pat5tee recomm5ds t ! sulphurett+ ( ! gutta-p]*a %\ld be effect$ by means ( sulphurets1 su* z orpim5t or liv] ( sulphur1 9 pref]5ce to sulphur itself2 & he !re /ates t ?\gh a portion ( sulphur might be us$ 9 place ( an equal portion ( sulphuret1 yet he conceives ! use ( sulphur to be altoge!r objectionable1 because ( its (f5sive smell & t5d5cy to eff]vesce4 ,he has s9ce asc]ta9$ t if a m9ute portion ( sulphur be us$ along ) a sulphuret1 a bett] result is obta9$ f a comb9ation ( ! two ?an f ei!r sub/ance alone4 ,! proportions :i* he f9ds to be ! be/ are1 #f p>ts ( sulphuret ( antimony1 or hydrosulphate ( lime1 or "s analog\s sulphuret1 & #a "p ( sulphur to #dh p>ts ( gutta-p]*a3 :5 ^! mat]ials h be5 mix$1 ! comp\nd is to be put into a boil] & heat$ 7"u pressure7 to a temp]ature ( f #bfj to #cjj ,fah42 & x is to be left 9 ?is /ate = a p]iod v>y+ f half an h\r to two h\rs1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! mat]ials2 by :i* times ! gutta-p]*a becomes completely sulphurett$ or metallo-?ioniz$4 ,! pat5tee applies precisely ! same comb9ation ( mat]ials 7i4 e41 a sulphuret & a small quantity ( sulphur7 to ! sulphurett+ ( ,india-rubb] & j9tawan1 & 9 ! same way4 99 99 99 ,! f\r? mode consi/s 9 mak+ a pa/e ( ! sulphuret & sulphur ) ! addition ( a small quantity ( gutta-p]*a or ca\t*\c solution1 bru%+ x ov] ! mat]ial to be sulphurett$1 & !n subject+ ! same to "o ( ! ?ree processes z describ$4 ,! inv5tion consi/s1 f\r?ly1 9 ! foll[+ means ( improv+ gutta-p]*a1 bo? 9 a sulphurett$ & unsulphurett$ /ate1 & 9 ! application ( ! same to ca\t*\c & j9tawan 9 ! l conditions4 ,! pat5tee ei!r exposes ! mat]ial = a m9ute or two to ! action ( b9oxide ( nitrog5 gas1 7obta9$ by ! usual me?od ( dissolv+ a metal1 su* z z9c1 copp]1 m]cury1 9 nitric acid7 or he imm]ses x 9 a boil+ & conc5trat$ solution ( *loride ( z9c1 = a p]iod v>y+ f "o to five m9utes1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! solution2 & 9 ei!r case1 he aft]w>ds wa%es ! mat]ial ) "s alkal9e solution1 or ) s(t wat]4 ,! mat]ial may be subject$ to ! action ( ! b9oxide ( nitrog5 gas1 ei!r by putt+ x into ! acid :ile ! metal is 9 ! c\rse ( be+ dissolv$ & ! gas evolv$1 or by introduc+ x into a *amb] 9 :i* ! gas has be5 collect$ = ! purpose4 ,gutta-p]*a :i* has be5 ?us treat$ 7:e!r sulphurett$ or unsulphurett$71 becomes exce$+ly smoo? & ( a lu/re approa*+ to metallic3 s also does common unsulphurett$ ca\t*\c 7rubb]7 ) ! addition ( be+ entirely fre$ f t /ick9ess peculi> to x1 :ile sulphurett$ ca\t*\c acquires "u su* treatm5t1 all ! d[ny s(tness ( velvet4 99 99 99 ,! six? "p ( ! inv5tion consi/s 9 produc+ a new comp\nd ( gutta-p]*a by mix+1 9 a ma/icat+ ma*9e1 six p>ts !re( ) "o "p ( *loride ( z9c2 & 9 =m+ new comp\nds ( ca\t*\c & j9tawan by a l proportional comb9ation4 ,all ^! comp\nds admit ( be+ aft]w>ds sulphurett$ or sulphuriz$4 ,! sev5? "p ( ! inv5tion consi/s 9 an improv$ comb9ation ( mat]ials = produc+ a por\s & spongy gutta-p]*a1 fit = /uff+ or =m+ ! seats ( *airs1 cu%ions1 mattresses1 saddles1 horse-coll>s1 railway c>riage-buff]s1 & o!r l articles1 simil> to t describ$ 9 ! specification be=e allud$ to2 & 9 ! application ( ! said improv$ comb9ation ( mat]ials to ! r5d]+ ( ca\t*\c & j9tawan simil>ly por\s & spongy4 ,! pat5tee takes #dj p>ts ( gutta-p]*a1 ,india-rubb] or j9tawan 7moi/5$ :5 a v light product is desir$1 ) oil ( turp5t9e1 nap?a1 bi-sulphuret ( c>bon1 or o!r prop] solv5t71 #f p>ts ( hydrosulphuret ( lime1 sulphuret ( antimony1 or any o!r analog\s sulphuret1 #aj p>ts ( c>bonate ( ammonia1 c>bonate ( lime1 or o!r sub/ance t is ei!r volatile or capable ( yield+ a volatile product1 & "o "p ( sulphur4 ,he mixes ^! mat]ials toge!r 9 a ma/icator1 & !n subjects !m to a high degree ( heat1 obs]v+ ! same conditions 9 respect !re(1 :i* are set =? 9 ! specifications allud$ to2 except only t ! heat may be pu%$ ) advantage sev]al degrees high]1 say to f #bfj to #cjj4 ,! n9? "p ( ! inv5tion consi/s 9 produc+ by ! comb9ation ( gutta-p]*a1 ca\t*\c & j9tawan1 ) o!r mat]ials1 a fabric ( a p]man5t lu/re1 resembl+ t ( japann$ goods1 & 9 giv+ ! l lu/re to articles made ( any ( ^! mat]ials 9 a sulphurett$ /ate4 ,! pat5tee takes ! gutta-p]*a1 ca\t*\c1 or j9tawan aft] x has be5 sulphurett$1 & ei!r be=e or aft] x has be5 made into an article ( use1 & bru%es x ov] ) a solution ( res9 9 boil+ oil2 he !n places x = f two to five h\rs 9 a *amb] heat$ to f #ge to #ajj ,fahr5heit2 & aft]w>ds poli%es x by ! means & 9 ! mann] usually adopt$ by ,japann]s4 ,9 "s in/ances color+ matt]s are mix$ ) ! ,japann+ mat]ials1 :i* are to be appli$ by blocks1 cyl9d]s1 or roll]s1 9 ! usual way ( floor clo? pr9t+4 ,,re-,,vulcanization4 ,pat5t dat$ ,decemb] #cj?1 #ahdg1 = 8,improvem5t 9 ! ,treat+ & ,manufacture ( ,gutta-p]*a1 or any ( ! v>ieties ( ,ca\t*\c40 ,pat5tees1 ,,?omas ,,hancock1 ( ,/oke ,new+ton1 & ,,reub5 ,,phillips1 ( ,isl+ton1 *emi/s4 ,specifications enroll$ ,june #cj1 #ahdg4 ,! pat5tees /ate t _! improvem5ts consi/ 9 ! dissolv+ ( gutta-p]*a1 or any ( ! v>ieties ( ca\t*\c1 or ( r$uc+ any ( !m to a s(t1 pulpy1 & gelat9\s /ate aft] !y h und]gone ! process ( 8vulcanization or conv]sion20 also 9 prep>+ or treat+ unvulcaniz$1 or unconv]t$ solutions ( any ( ^! sub/ances1 s z to br+ !m into a vulcaniz$ or conv]t$ /ate2 &1 la/ly1 9 ! m\lds employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( articles !refrom4 ,! t]m 8vulcaniz$0 or 8conv]t$0 are us$ to designate c]ta9 processes by :i* ^! sub/ances are r5d]$ less liable to be injuri\sly affect$ by exposure to comp>atively high temp]atures1 & :i* 7 describ$1 ! fir/ 9 ! specification ( a pat5t grant$ to ,mr4 ,?omas ,hancock1#b ,novemb] #ba1 #ahdc1 & ! record 9 t ( a pat5t grant$ to ,mr4 ,alex&] ,p>k]1#c ,augu/ #be1 #ahdf4 ,footnote #b3 ,see ,london ,me*anics ,magaz9e1 vol4 xlii4 pp4 #aab & #aej4 ,footnote #c3 ,see ,london ,me*anics ,magaz9e1 vol4 xlv4 p4 #djj4 ,! pat5tees desire to be und]/ood1 t :5 employ+ ! t]m gutta-p]*a1 or any ( ! v>ieties ( ca\t*\c1 z ref]r+ to all ^? sub/ances kn[n to ! ,indians1 or natives ( ! c\ntry :]e !y are produc$1 "u ! names ( saiknah1 gutta-tuban1 gutta-p]*a1 j9tawan1 dollah1 c41 9 ?is c\ntry ( bottle1 root1 %eet1 scrap1 ,india-rubb]1 c4 ,9 op]at+ ^u any ( ^! mat]ials1 :i* h previ\sly und]gone ! vulcaniz+ or conv]t+ process1 x is pref]r$ to use ! cutt+s or wa/e ( !m1 z be+ an economical application ( :at w\ld o!rwise be useless4 ,^! cutt+s or wa/e1 are fir/ submitt$ to ! action ( roll]s1 or o!r suitable ma*9]y = r$uc+ !m to %r$s1 & !n boil$ 9 oil ( turp5t9e until r$uc$ to ! requisite consi/5cy4 ,o!r solv5ts may be employ$1 su* z coal1 nap?a1 c41 b 9 t case1 9 ord] t ! solv5ts may atta9 to a degree ( temp]ature suffici5tly high to dissolve ! mat]ial1 close vessels mu/ be employ$1 = :i* reason1 oil ( turp5t9e is pref]r$4 ,no fix$ rule1 x is /at$1 c be giv5 = ! guidance ( ! workman to enable him to det]m9e ! relative proportion ( ! mat]ial to ! solv5t1 ! "t = conduct+ ! op]ation1 or ! degree ( temp]ature1 on acc\nt ( ! v>ieties ( ! mat]ial1 & ! degree ( vulcanization or conv]sion to :i* x has be5 subject$2 = ^! & o!r details he mu/ rely ^u 8 own intellig5ce1 & ! result ( actual exp]i5ce4 ,! rule :i* ! pat5tees1 h[ev]1 /ate t !y h f\nd to be ! be/1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 x is to j cov] ! mat]ial :5 prep>$ & plac$ 9 ! vessel ) ! solv5t1 & !n to add ab\t "o-?ird m1 & ma9ta9 ! mixture at ! boil+ po9t ( oil ( turp5t9e1 = ab\t f #ae to #cj m9utes4 ,! consi/5cy ( ! mixture may subsequ5tly be increas$ or dim9i%$ by evaporat+1 or by ! addition ( oil ( turp5t9e1 coal1 nap?a1 or o!r solv5t4 ,:5 ! mat]ial has be5 r5d]$ h>d or horny by vulcanization or conv]sion1 ! "t necess>y to dissolve x or r$uce x to a s(t pulpy /ate w\ld be s long1 z to r5d] ! prec$+ process wor?less4 ,! mode ( op]at+ "u ! second head consi/s 9 mix+ f eight to twelve p>ts ( sulphur1 ) e "o hundr$ p>ts ( ! solid mat]ial 9 solution1 & !n subject+ ! mixture to ! necess>y degree ( heat to produce ! vulcaniz$ or conv]t$ /ate4 ,! pat5tee m5tions num]\s applications ( ^! solutions1 among :i* may be cit$ wat]-pro(+1 & ! employm5t ( !m z a m$ium = colors 9 pa9t+1 & 9 pr9t+ calico1 c4 ,! improvem5ts 9 m\lds consi/s 9 mak+ !m ( a mat]ial easily soluble at l[ temp]atures1 su* z ,d',arcet's metal1 c41 s t !y may be brok5 up1 & easily remov$ f ! m\ld$ article )\t injury to !m4 ,to ,,an?ony ,,lorimi]1 ,london1 ,engl&4 ,= improvem5ts 9 comb9+ gutta-p]*a & ca\t*\c ) o!r mat]ials4 7,seal$ #aj? ( ,july1 #ahdh47 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is inv5tion consi/s 9 cutt+ gutta-p]*a into v ?9 %av+s1 7:i* ! pat5tee pref]s to effect by ! use ( c]ta9 describ$ ma*9]y1 or any o!r suitable means may be employ$72 !n dry+ ! same by spread+ !m ov] any suitable surface1 & aft]w>ds subject+ ! %av+s ( gutta-p]*a to ! action ( o!r ma*9]y1 by :i* !y are b5t 9 v>i\s directions & r$uc$ or divid$ into small] pieces2 by ?is means ! impurities w be sep>at$ )\t ! use ( heat or wat]1 & ! gutta-p]*a r5d]$ suitable = use at a v small co/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! second "p ( ! inv5tion consi/s 9 comb9+ gutta-p]*a ) burn$ clay1 burn$ fl9t1 brok5 articles ( e>!n w>e & *9a1 m>ble1 ,portl&1 ,corni%1 or o!r /ones1 cru%$ & sift$1 likewise oxide ( z9c1 oxide ( copp]1 hydrate ( lime1 oxalate ( lime1 & also a comp\nd ( lime slak$ ) oxalic acid dissolv$ 9 wat]2 9 prep>+ ?is comp\nd1 ab\t ?ree p\nds ( acid are us$ to ea* bu%el ( lime2 ! acid is fir/ dissolv$ 9 a suffici5t quantity ( wat] = slak+ t quantity ( lime2 & aft] ! solution has be5 add$ to ! lime1 ! product is well dri$ & sift$4 ,any "o or m ( ^! mat]ials may be comb9$ ) gutta-p]*a1 ) or )\t o!r mat]ials1 s z to produce new comp\nds ( gutta-p]*a1 useful = m\ld+ articles1 or = mak+ %eets1 suitable to be cut into soles = boots & %oes1 /raps1 b&s & o!r articles4 ,! above matt]s are to be gr\nd v f9e & sift$2 & ! gutta-p]*a may be comb9$ !re)1 by any conv5i5t means2 b ! pat5tee pref]s to lay ! gutta-p]*a on a heat$ plate1 & roll x into a %eet1 !n to sift ! mat]ials ov] ! %eet1 & fold & re-fold ! same1 & to repeat ! roll+1 fold+ & sift+ ( ! mat]ials1 until ! desir$ comp\nd is produc$2 or he rolls ! gutta-p]*a betwe5 two smoo? heat$ roll]s1 !n du/s on ! p[d] & folds ! %eets1 & aga9 & aga9 rolls ! same till ! desir$ mixture is obta9$4 ,he fur!r /ates t 9 place ( us+ ! 8weld+ ma*9e10 he c employ l means to ^? j describ$ = comb9+ ! small pieces or %av+s ( gutta-p]*a into a mass4 ,! comp\nd ( gutta-p]*a may1 :il/ /ill 9 a heat$ /ate1 be m\ld$ to any desir$ =m1 or roll$ into %eets4 ,:5 great ela/icity is requir$1 ca\t*\c 7,india-rubb]7 is mix$ ) su* comp\nds ( gutta-p]*a4 ,,*>les ,,hancock1 ( ,br\ghton1 g5tleman4 ,= 8c]ta9 improv$ prep>ations & comp\nds ( gutta-p]*a1 & c]ta9 improvem5ts 9 ! manufacture ( articles & fabrics compos$ ( gutta-p]*a alone1 & 9 comb9ation ) o!r sub/ances40 ,pat5t1 dat$ ,may #aa1 #ahdh2 specification enroll$ ,nov4 #aa1 #ahdh4 ,specification4--,9 mak+ wat]-pro( %oes & galo%oes ( gutta-p]*a1 ,i beg9 ) ca/+ ! gutta-p]*a 9 m\lds into pieces or blocks1 ( a =m suitable = ! purpose4 99 99 99 99 ,i next take a la/ ( ! =m desir$ to be giv5 to ! %oe or galo%1 & draw ^u1 or o!rwise fit closely to x1 "s ela/ic or flexible mat]ial :i* may s]ve z a l9+ = ! gutta-p]*a1 su* z cotton or wool5 clo?1 or knitt$ silk1 or wor/$1 or cotton4 ,i !n coat ! outside ( ?is int5d$ l9+1 ) a solution ( gutta-p]*a or ca\t*\c1 & leave x to dry4 ,i next select a gutta-p]*a block ( ! be/ =m1 adapt$ 9 its g5]al outl9e to ! said la/1 &1 by heat+ x 9 any conv5i5t way1 br+ x to su* a pla/ic /ate t x may be readily m\ld$ by ! h&4 ,i w>m also ! la/1 ) its ela/ic or flexible cov]+1 b n to su* a degree z to decompose ! gutta-p]*a or ca\t*\c solution spread ov] x2 & ^! prep>ations hav+ be5 made1 ,i place ! la/ ^u ! block1 adju/ by h& ! "o to ! o!r1 & press ! gutta-p]*a1 ( :i* ! block consi/s1 into z close comb9ation z may be1 ) ! ela/ic or flexible cov]+ ( ! la/4 ,b1 z 9 ! c\rse ( ! prec$+ manipulations "s inequalities ( surface may h be5 unavoidably produc$1 or ! limits betwe5 ! sole & ! upp] n h be5 suffici5tly def9$1 ,i once m br+ ! :ole into a w>m or pla/ic /ate1 by dipp+ ! %oe or galo% 7) ! la/ /ill inside ( x7 into hot wat]1 or by expos+ x to /eam or hot air1 & !n smoo? x c>efully all ov]4 ,:5 x becomes cold & h>d1 ,i run a revolv+ /ile or o!r suitable in/rum5t ov] ! cont\r l9es1 aft] :i* ! la/ is )drawn1 :i* leaves ! %oe or galo% complete4 ,sometimes ,i use holl[ la/s made ( metal1 glass1 or e>!n w>e1 & heat$ by /eam1 hot air1 or hot wat]4 ,:5 made 9 ! mann] j describ$1 ! article1 ?\gh wat]-tight1 is ( a dull appe>ance2 b x may h a high poli% giv5 to x1 or to any "p ( x1 by apply+ glass or porcela9 m\lds to x1 aft] x has und]gone ! process la/ h]e9be=e m5tion$1 & :ile x is yet 9 a w>m & impressible /ate2 ea* ( ^! m\lds be+ a fac simile 9 rev]se1 9 "s portion only ( ! la/1 7z = example1 ! sole or ! upp]7 & n remov$1 aft] be+ s appli$1 till ! mat]ials b5ea? h become q cold4 ,%oes made ( gutta-p]*a1 on f\ndations ( ela/ic or flexible mat]ials1 9 ! mann] be=e describ$1 possess ?is great advantage ov] o!rs1 t ! f\ndations take up & disp]se ! p]spiration ( ! foot1 & prev5t x f cond5s+1 to ! injury ( ! heal? & com=t ( ! we>]4 ,exception has be5 tak5 to gutta-p]*a %oes & galo%oes on acc\nt ( _! want ( or defici5cy 9 spr+9ess4 ,i rem$y ?is1 7:5 desir$7 by mak+ ! block out ( :i* ! sole & upp] is =m$1 ( two %eets or pieces ( gutta-p]*a1 & int]pos+ betwe5 !m1 :ile !y are yet 9 a w>m & pla/ic /ate1 a ?9 plate ( /eel1 slightly b5t 9 ! direction f heel to tip1 & press ! :ole closely toge!r1 s t ! metallic spr+ may become p]man5tly fix$1 embodi$ 91 & comb9$ ) o!r mat]ials4 ,?ird4 ,i pa9t & pr9t articles & fabrics made 9 :ole or 9 "p ( gutta-p]*a1 & also o!r articles & fabrics ( any color or colors1 & ( any design or patt]n1 by us+ z a vehicle = ! pigm5ts or o!r color+ matt]s1 ! foll[+ comp\nd3 ,i take "o "p ( ca\t*\c & "o "p ( gutta-p]*a1 ea* dissolv$ 9 spirits ( turp5t9e1 7or o!r suitable solv5t17 add !reto f\r p>ts ( gold-oil size2 mix ! :ole ( ^! mat]ials toge!r 9 a ba? ( hot wat]1 & !n ?9 ) spirits ( turp5t9e1 x be+ ( advantage to use ?is comp\nd 9 a v ?9 /ate4 ,! pigm5ts or o!r color+ matt]s %\ld be well gr\nd up 9 turp5t9e be=e !y are mix$ ) ! vehicle4 ,! proportions su* z ,i h giv51 are su* z ,i f9d to answ]1 on ! :ole1 be/ 9 practice4 ,9 c>ry+ out ! diff]5t improvem5ts :i* ,i h h]e9be=e specifi$1 ,i uni=mly pref] employ+ su* gutta-p]*a1 or comp\nd ( gutta-p]*a1 z has be5 prep>$ by boil+ or by ma/icat+ x 9 a ba? ( wat] & muriate ( lime1 b to ?is mode ( prep>ation ,i d n "h lay any claim4 ,to make a comp\nd pref]able to any yet 9 use = ca/+ & m\ld+ purposes1 = wat]-pro(+ clo?1 lea!r1 & o!r articles & fabrics1 & = coat+ %ips' bottoms1 l9+ tanks & ci/]ns1 c41 ,i mix ) gutta-p]*a :i* has be5 fir/ boil$ 9 a ba? ( muriate ( lime1 & !n ma/icat$ ?or\ghly1 & :ile x is yet und]go+ ! process ( ma/ication1 a comp\nd ( %ellac & borax1 add+ ! same little by little z ! ma/ication proce$s1 & us+ m or less1 accord+ z x is desir$ to make ! comp\nd m or less t5aci\s4 ,! comp\nd ( %ellac & borax is prep>$ by boil+ 9 a /eam kettle ov] a common fire1 five p>ts /ick lac1 or %ell lac1 or se$ lac1 ) "o "p ( borax1 9 s mu* wat] z w j cov] ^! mat]ials1 & evaporat+ ! wat] accord+ to ! ?ickness desir$ to be giv5 to ! comp\nd4 ,any desir$ color may be giv5 to ?is mixture ( gutta-p]*a1 %ellac & borax1 by mix+ ! requisite pigm5t or color+ matt] ) ! %ellac & borax comp\nds4 ,! improvem5ts :i* ,i claim 9 my inv5tion are z foll[s3 ,fir/4 ,i claim ! mode ( mak+ %oes & galo%oes ( gutta-p]*a1 comb9$ ) o!r mat]ials fir/ be=e describ$1 9 s f> z reg>ds ! comb9ation ( ela/ic or flexible f\ndations ) gutta-p]*a soles & upp]s4 ,second4 ,i claim ! employm5t ( glass m\lds to give a poli% to ! ext]ior or p>ts ( ! ext]ior ( %oes & galo%oes made 9 :ole or 9 "p ( gutta-p]*a1 z be=e describ$4 ,?ird4 ,i claim ! mak+ ( backs & /ocks = bru%es 9 :ole or 9 "p ( gutta-p]*a1 9 ord] to give spr+9ess to ! same4 ,f\r?4 ,i claim ! mak+ ( backs & /ocks = bru%es 9 :ole or 9 "p ( gutta-p]*a1 z be=e describ$ & exemplifi$4 ,fif?4 ,i claim ! employm5t = pa9t+1 pr9t+1 or o!rwise apply+ colors to articles & fabrics made 9 :ole or 9 "p ( gutta-p]*a1 & also to o!r articles & fabrics ( ! p>ticul> comp\nd or vehicle h]e9be=e specifi$1 b )\t limit+ myself to ! exact proportions 9 :i* ea* ( ! mat]ials has be5 direct$ to be us$ 9 su* comp\nd or vehicle1 inasmu* z ! said proportions may be v>i$ )\t affect+ ! g5]al result4 ,six?4 ,i claim ! employm5t1 = all manufactur+ purposes to :i* ! same are applicable1 ( ! sev]al o!r improv$ prep>ations & comp\nds ( gutta-p]*a specifi$ "u ! f\r? head ( ?is specification1 ea* 9 ! peculi> comb9ation ( mat]ials ( :i* ! same consi/s1 & ! peculi> process or processes by :i* x is prep>$4 ,,james ,,c>tley1 ( ,h>p5d51 ,h]t=d1 manufactur+ *emi/1 = improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( v>ni%es f res9\s sub/ances4 ,pat5t dat$ ,janu>y #aa1 #ahdi4 ,?is inv5tion consi/s1 ,fir/4 ,9 manufactur+ 9 mann] foll[+1 f res9 _s1 & ! gum res9 call$ gutta-p]*a or gutta taban1 a new comp\nd or v>ni% :i* possesses ! prop]ties ( be+ /rongly adhesive & p]fectly wat] repell5t4 ,! pat5tee puts into a pot ?ree p>ts1 by weight1 ( ! gutta-p]*a or gutta taban1 z import$ or z x may be b\ght 9 ! home m>ket1 & adds n9e p>ts ( crude res9 _s1 7obta9$ by ! de/ructive di/illation ( common res97 & subject !m to a heat ( f #abj to #adj ,fah41 /irr+ ! mixture occasionally4 ,! result+ solution =ms a v>ni% :i* answ]s well = ! coat+ ( all co>se fabrics1 su* z t>paul+s1 rick clo?1 c4 ,b to obta9 a v>ni% ( a pur] & bett] quality1 suitable = f9e articles1 he rectifi$ res9 _s1 :i* he obta9s by pass+ a curr5t ( /eam ?r\gh ! crude res9 _s until ! cond5s$ product :i* comes ov] exhibits a specific gravity ( ab\t #j4hgj1 at :i* po9t ! process ( di/illation mu/ be /opp$1 all products ( a high] specific gravity be+ injuri\s to ! quality ( ! _s4 ,claim #a/4 ,! manufacture ( ! new v>ni% comp\nd$ ( gutta-p]*a & res9 _s1 7crude1 rectifi$1 or purifi$17 z be=e describ$4 ,second4 ,! manufacture ( ! new v>ni%es comp\nd$ ( gum dam> & res9 _s1 or ( gum ma/ic & res9 _s1 :e!r su* _s is rectifi$ & decoloriz$ or rectifi$ only1 z be=e describ$4 ,,william ,,h5ry ,,burke1 ,tott5ham1 manufactur]4 ,= improvem5ts 9 ! manufacture ( air-pro( & wat]-pro( fabrics1 & 9 ! prep>ation ( ca\t*\c & gutta-p]*a1 ei!r alone1 or 9 comb9ation ) o!r mat]ials1 ! same to be applicable to articles ( we>+ app>el1 b&s1 /raps1 & o!r simil> useful purposes4 ,pat5t dat$ ,april #bf1 #ahdi4 ,fir/4 ,mr4 ,burke proposes to employ a comp\nd ( antimony in/ead ( sulphur1 = ! purpose ( r5d]+ ca\t*\c1 gutta-p]*a1 or _! comp\nds p]man5tly ela/ic1 & unaffect$ by *anges ( temp]ature4 ,! comp\nd is prep>$ by mix+ #a "p ( crude antimony ) #be p>ts ( cry/alliz$ c>bonate ( soda1 or #bj p>ts ( c>bonate ( pota%1 & #bej or #cjj p>ts ( wat]4 ,! mixture is boil$ f half an h\r to ?ree-qu>t]s1 & all[$ to precipitate1 :5 ! sup]natant liquid is run (f4 ,! precipitate is !n dri$ & incorporat$ ) ! ca\t*\c 9 a ma/icat+ ma*9e 9 ! proportion ( f five to fifte5 p] c5t4 ,:5 b&s or o!r articles are to be cut f blocks ( ca\t*\c1 x is tak51 :ile w>m1 f ! ma/icat+ ma*9e1 & subject$ to pressure = "o or two days4 ,second4 ,x is also propos$ to manufacture driv+ b&s1 by spread+ ! mat]ial dissolv$ 9 a suitable m5/rum1 ) cal5d] roll]s1 ^u pieces ( calico or o!r fabric1 p[d]$ ) ,fr5* *alk1 to all[ ( ! easy sep>ation ( ! two1 & to increase ! rigidity & durability ( gutta-p]*a driv+ b&s1 /ripes ( "s fabric are to be affix$ to ! we>+ p>ts1 & bo? surfaces coat$ ) ! antimoniz$ ca\t*\c4 ,?ird4 ,to remove ! %9y appe>ance ( s+le texture g>m5ts1 c41 ,mr4 ,burke coats !m ) ! antimoniz$ ca\t*\c1 dissolv$ 9 "s suitable m5/rum1 & mix$ ) gr\nd silk or cotton1 :i* is /at$ to h ! effect ( giv+ ! article ! appe>ance ( clo?4 ,f\r?4 ,gutta p]*a soles & heels are propos$ to be def5d$ at ! edges1 :]e !y are expos$ to great we> & te>1 ) metal tips1 %ields1 & gu>ds4 ,,claims4 ,fir/4 ,! treat+ ca\t*\c1 gutta-p]*a1 or _! comp\nds1 ) ! antimony comp\nd4 ,second4 ,! mode ( manufactur+ driv+ b&s4 ,?ird4 ,coat+ wat] pro( articles ) antimoniz$ ca\t*\c1 mix$ ) gr\nd silk1 cotton1 or wool4 ,f\r?4 ,! manufacture ( gutta-p]*a soles & heels ) metal tips1 %ields1 & gu>ds4 ,,description ,,( ,,hancock ,,& ,,co4',s ,,pat5t ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,heel ,,tips4 ,f ! ,london ,me*anics' ,magaz9e1 ,vol4 ,,li4 ,,sir3--,we are rem9d$ weekly by ! adv]tisem5t 9 y\r ,numb]1 t gutta-p]*a 8mu/ be reg>d$ z "o ( ! bless+s ( a graci\s ,provid5ce40 ,d\btless ?is1 z well z e o!r natural production1 %\ld be s reg>d$1 al?\gh 9 ! /ate 9 :i* x is left by ,provid5ce x w\ld be ( little use 7 x n = ! additional bless+s ( +5i\s-m9d$ m51 7z ! ,hancocks & o!rs7 by ^: skill ! crude gifts ( ,provid5ce are manipulat$ & pres5t$ to our acceptance 9 a ?\s& beautiful & highly useful =ms4 ,z wea!r-pro(1 & consequ5tly heal?-pres]v+ soles = boots & %oes1 gutta-p]*a mo/ assur$ly /&s unrivall$4 ,! application ( ?is mat]ial to heels has n hi!rto be5 equally successful1 f its be+ unequal to )/& ! va/ am\nt ( we> & te>1 to :i* ?is "p ( our und]/&+ is subject$1 "o consequ5ce ( :i* is liability to spread1 & become worn & ragg$ on its edges4 ,= ?is defect1 h[ev]1 an effici5t rem$y has be5 provid$ 9 ! comp\nd heel tips1 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,b4 ,tyl]1 ( ,%effield1 & manufactur$ "u ,messrs4 ,hancock ,co4's pat5t4 ,! frame or bord] ( ?is improv$ /eel tip consi/s ( a rim ( ca/ iron or /eel1 furni%$ ) tangs or projections4 ,?is frame is fill$ up ) a t\gh comp\nd ( gutta-p]*a & cork1 :i* encloses ! tangs4 ,! heel ?us =m$1 requires no nail+ to affix x to ! boot or %oe1 a coat+ ( solution be+ suffici5t = t purpose4 ,?us arrang$1 ! metal & gutta-p]*a mutually aid & support ea* o!r2 no spread+ c take place1 nor c ! edges become worn or ragg$4 ,^! tips nev] become loose1 nei!r are !y liable to become slipp]y4 ,hav+ worn !m = m ?an two ye>s1 ,i c ) confid5ce ass]t !m to be ! be/ contrivance extant = ! purpose4 99 99 99 ,i am1 ,sir1 y\rs c4 ,,william ,,baddeley1 #bi ,alfr$ ,/reet1 ,isl+ton4 ,,edw>d ,,john ,,pa9e1 ,*anc]y ,lane1 ,london4 ,= improvem5ts 9 m>9e vessels1 9 app>atus = ! pres]vation ( human life1 & m\ld+1 jo9+ & f9i%+ holl[ & solid figures1 compos$ :olly or 9 "p ( a c]ta9 gum1 or a comb9ation ( a c]ta9 gum2 also = improvem5ts 9 dissolv+ ! a=esaid gums1 & 9 app>atus or ma*9]y to be us$ = ! purposes above m5tion$4 ,pat5t dat$ ,june #g1 #ahdi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,wat] ,,pro( ,,v>ni%4--,mix toge!r #a lb4 gutta-p]*a1 #c oz4 gum opal1 lb4 l9se$ oil1 #h oz4 sug> ( lead1 #b lbs4 spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,place ! mixture 9 a t9cture press1 ! cyl9d] ( :i* is heat$ by a s& ba?1 & ! produce is ! v>ni% requir$4 ,a ,,v>ni% ,,) ,,:i* ,,colors ,,may ,,be ,,mix$1 ,,& ,,v ,,suitable ,,= ,,coat+ ,,articles ,,9 ,,gutta-,,p]*a4--,take #ajj lbs4 gutta-p]*a1 #ah lbs4 #ab oz4 gum opal1 #ej lbs4 l9se$ oil1 #bjj lbs4 spirits ( turp5t9e1 & mix ! :ole toge!r4 ,a ,,v>ni% ,,= ,,unpa9t$ ,,articles ,,9 ,,r\gh ,,wood4--,take #ej lbs4 ,india-rubb]1 #ajj lbs4 gutta-p]*a1 #cj lbs4 gum opal1 #gj lbs4 gum dam>1 #aej lbs4 l9se$ oil1 #ge lbs4 sug> ( lead1 #ejj lbs4 spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,a ,,v>ni% ,,= ,,articles ,,( ,,metal4--,take #ajj lbs4 gutta-p]*a1 #bj lbs4 gum opal1 #ge lbs4 l9se$ oil1 #be lbs4 sug> ( lead1 #bjj lbs4 spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,w4 ,,johnson4 ,improvem5ts 9 ! treatm5t1 prep>ation1 or manufacture ( %eet ca\t*\c1 & 9 ! comb9ation !re( ) clo? & o!r fabrics4 7,a communication47 ,dat$ ,octob] #c1 #ahef4 ,?is relates to a mode ( prep>+ %eets ( ca\t*\c1 & comb9+ !m firmly ) clo? & o!r fabrics1 to produce goods = ! manufacture ( articles ( v>i\s degrees ( ela/icity1 & consi/s 9 prep>+ %eets ( vulcaniz$ ca\t*\c1 by desulphuriz+ _! surfaces by fir/ boil+ ! %eets 9 cau/ic alkali1 & aft]w>ds 9 salt pickle1 to neutralize ! alkali rema9+ on ! %eet1 & !n wa%+ ! same4 ,^! %eets are !n r\gh$ on _! surfaces1 & ! fabric to :i* !y are to be appli$ is prep>$ by coat+ ! surfaces ?9ly ) a solution ( ca\t*\c dissolv$ 9 "s solv5t1 & !n ?or\ghly evaporat+ ! solv5t4 ,f4 ,c4 ,,jeune4 ,an improv$ manufacture ( floor clo?4 ,dat$ ,may #bf1 #ahef4 ,! pat5tee mixes 9 a ma/icat+ ma*9e1 ,india-rubb]1 7p>tly ! wa/e ( vulcaniz$ rubb]7 & gutta p]*a1 to produce a b9d+ sub/ance1 & ?r[s 9 gr\nd c$> wood1 or o!r vegetable du/1 = increas+ ! bulk1 & r$uc+ ! co/4 ,:5 ! mix+ is effect$1 he adds fibr\s sub/ances 9 l5g?1 to imp>t t\ghness1 & rolls ! comp\nd betwe5 roll]s into %eets1 :i* he submits to /eam or hot air1 to complete ! adhesion ( ! p>ticles4 ,c4 ,,goodye>4 ,an improvem5t 9 comb9+ gutta-p]*a & asphalt or pit*4 ,dat$ ,augu/ #cj1 #ahef4 ,?is consi/s 9 comb9+ gutta-p]*a ) asphalt or pit*1 by ! aid ( hot wat]4 ,!y are1 :5 desir$1 fur!r comb9$ ) sulphur1 ) ,india-rubb]1 or o!r matt]s2 & comp\nds are1 :5 requir$1 subject$ to high temp]ature4 ,a4 ,,lorimi]4 ,an improvem5t 9 re-work+ vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]4 ,dat$ ,octob] #bj1 #ahef4 ,?is consi/s 9 prep>+ ! wa/e ( vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] by cru%+ ! same betwe5 press+ roll]s1 !n subject+ x to a consid]able degree ( heat1 & :il/ s heat$ caus+ x to be /irr$1 by :i* means ! mass is progressively br\ght into a fluid /ate4 ,x is !n all[$ to cool1 b be=e becom+ cold1 a solv5t ( ,india-rubb] is add$1 by :i* an ,india-rubb] cem5t is produc$4 ,,george ,,simpson1 ,new+ton1 ,butts1 *emi/1 & ,,?omas ,,fo/]1 ,/ra?am1 manufactur]4 ,= improvem5t 9 manufactur+1 or treat+ solv5ts ( ,india-rubb]1 & ( o!r gums or sub/ances4 ,pat5t dat$ ,april #bf1 #ahdi4 ,fir/4 ,bisulphuret ( c>bon is plac$ 9 an iron /ill1 ! top ( :i* op5s into an e>!n w>e vessel conta9+ p5tu*loride ( antimony1 & a pipe leads f ! top ( ?is vessel1 to ! worm ( an e>!n-w>e cond5sor4 ,! /ill & fir/ vessel are heat$ by /eam jackets4 ,! result+ product fl[s f ! cond5sor to a res]voir1 aft] :i*1 x is rectifi$ by lime & is !n ready = use z a solv5t4 ,be=e rectification1 ! ,india-rubb]1 gutta-p]*a1 or o!r gum may be imm]s$ 9 x1 or expos$ to its fumes & !reby r5d]$ less liable to injury f ! effects ( cold or heat4 ,second4 ,coal is purifi$ & r5d]$ applicable z a solv5t ( ^! gums by be+ subject$ to a simil> process1 *loride ( lime 9 solution be+ sub/itut$ = ! p5tu*loride ( antimony4 ,claims4 #a/1 ,! manufacture ( *loride & bi*loride ( c>bon1 & its application z a solv5t ( ,india-rubb]1 gutta-p]*a1 & o!r gums n soluble 9 wat]1 & ! mode ( treat+ rubb]1 z describ$4 ,second4 ,! mode ( treat+ coal oil ) *loride ( lime1 = ! purpose ( obta9+ a solv5t ( ! be=e m5tion$ gums4 ,,to ,,gu/ave ,,eug5e ,,mi*el ,,g]>d1 ( ,p>is1 9 ! ,republic ( ,france4 ,= improvem5ts 9 dissolv+ ca\t*\c 7,india-rubb]71 & gutta-p]*a4 ,seal$ ,may #g1 #ahej4 ,?is inv5tion consi/s 9 c]ta9 improv$ means ( dissolv+ ,india-rubb] & gutta-p]*a4 ,! pat5tee comm5ces 8 specification by rem>k+ t h]et(ore all solutions ( ,india-rubb]1 :e!r cle> or ?ick1 h possess$ great coh]5ce & ela/icity2 ! solv5t1 :atev] x may h be51 has always exp&$ ! gum to a great ext5t2 & z x is n until aft] ?is has tak5 place t ! real act ( dissolv+ ! gum comm5ces1 a l>ge quantity ( ! solv5t is consequ5tly requir$4 99 99 99 ,! new process consi/s 9 mix+ ) ! solv5t 7( :atev] nature x may be7 a c]ta9 quantity ( alcohol1 & mac]at+ !re9 ! ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a1 :i* w exp& v little1 & at ! end ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 x w be 9 ! /ate ( pa/e1 suitable = be+ m\ld$ into any desir$ =m4 ,! pat5tee pref]s to employ z a solv5t1 sulphuret ( c>bon1 *lor(orm1 sulphuric e!r1 nap?a1 ess5tial oils ( coal1 or turp5t9e1 & to add !reto f five to fifty p] c5t4 ( alcohol4 ,! ca\t*\c is mix$ ) ! alcoholiz$ solv5ts 9 all proportions1 v>y+ f equal p>ts to ?irty p>ts ( ! latt]1 to "o ( ! =m]1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! solution requir$1 & aft] "o or two days1 ! pa/e is submitt$ to ! ord9>y process ( ma/icat+1 if ! solution is made ( equal p>ts1 or :5 x is made ( small quantities ( ! solv5t2 9 o!r cases x is n necess>y4 ,! pat5tee adopts ! same sy/em :5 treat+ gutta-p]*a4 ,he dissolves x 9 ! alcoholiz$ sulphuret ( c>bon1 & dilutes x until x arrives at ! consi/5ce ( ?ick syrup ( sug>4 ,9 ?is /ate he p]mits x to rema9 ?ree or f\r days1 dur+ :i* "t1 ! impurities w be precipitat$ or rise to ! surface2 & !n he draws (f ! gutta-p]*a 9 a /ate ( complete purity4 ,x w be se5 t ! "* ( ! inv5tion is ! mixture ( alcohol ) ! solv5t us$ = dissolv+ ca\t*\c1 & gutta-p]*a4 ,z alcohol is ! liquid :i* mo/ quickly precipitates ,india-rubb] f its solutions1 ! pat5tee avails himself ( ?is prop]ty1 by caus+ ! alcohol1 by means ( a solv5t1 to ent] into ! int]ior p>ts ( ! ,india-rubb]1 or to deta* all ! adh]5t atoms :i* =m ! mass ( ! ca\t*\c4 ,by ! addition ( ! alcohol1 ! p>ticles are r5d]$ less adh]5t among !mselves1 & are easily sep>at$ by pressure1 reta9+ ! =m result+ f ?is pressure1 & n return+ to _! ord9>y =m4 ,on ! solv5t & ! alcohol be+ evaporat$1 ! ca\t*\c w return to its orig9al /ate4 ,all liquids :i* possess ! prop]ties ( alcohol may be mix$ ) ! solv5ts4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is inv5tion is ! caus+ matt]s :i* are n ( a solv5t nature1 to be introduc$ into ! body ( ! ,india-rubb] by means ( a solv5t1 su* matt]s hav+ ! prop]ty to disunite ! p>ts con/itut+ ! mass ( ,india-rubb]1 & de/roy ! adh]5ce ( ! p>ticles1 :e!r ^! matt]s are comb9$ ) ! solv5ts1 or introduc$ by !mselves4 ,,to ,,william ,,edw>d ,,newton1 ( ! ,(fice ( ,pat5ts1 #ff ,*anc]y ,lane1 ,london1 ,engl&4 ,= improvem5ts applicable to ,boots1 ,%oes & o!r cov]+s =1 or appliances to ! feet4 ,seal$ #f? ( ,june1 #ahej4 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is inv5tion consi/s 9 provid+ ! "u surface ( ,india-rubb] %oes1 busk9s1 gait]s1 boots1 & ov]-%oes1 ) project+ metallic po9ts1 p]man5tly secur$ 9 or to ! soles1 s z to r5d] ! same less liable to slip or slide1 :5 us$ 9 walk+ ov] sn[1 ice1 or o!r smoo? or slipp]y surfaces4 ,9 c>ry+ out ?is improvem5t1 ! inv5tor procures %ort metallic po9ts1 9 ! =m ( head$ rivets1 9 l5g? v slightly exce$+ ! ?ickness ( ! sole1 hav+ a head ( any conv5i5t size4 ,! diamet] ( ! head is n mat]ial1 b x %\ld n be less ?an an ord9>y rivet-head2 & ! size ( ! project+ portion %\ld be1 = light %oes1 ab\t #a_/bj ( an in* 9 diamet]1 :i* may be increas$ accord+ to ! size ( ! %oe1--c>e be+ tak5 n to r5d] ! %oe burd5some4 ,be=e ! sole is appli$ to ! %oe1 ^! rivets or po9ts are ins]t$ ?r\gh p]=ations 9 ! sole1 s t ! heads %all re/ ^u ! inn] surface1 & ! po9ts project ?r\gh & beyond ! out] surface1 b s slightly t !y c sc>cely be felt 9 pass+ ! h& ov] ! surface4 ,! sole ?us prep>$1 is !n appli$ 9 ! usual mann]1 to ! %oe4 ,ano!r mode ( provid+ ! sole ) su* po9ts1 diff]s f ! =ego+1 9 ?is respect only2--in/ead ( us+ a numb] ( head$ rivets1 ! pat5tee takes a metallic plate1 ) project+ po9ts1 :i* may be ca/ = ! purpose1 s t :5 ! po9ts are ins]t$ 9 ! sole1 ! project+ po9ts on ! out] surface w be simil> to ^? prep>$ ) rivets z above describ$2 :ile1 on ! inn] surface1 in/ead ( pres5t+ sev]al heads1 !re w be "o plate1 :i* may be treat$ z "o connect+ head = all ! rivets4 ,! ?ird "p ( ! inv5tion relates to a me?od ( mak+ t k9d ( %oes kn[n z clogs1 & consi/s 9 mak+ !m ( ,india-rubb]1 or ! comp\nds !re(1 & ( :at ! inv5tor d5om9ates ,india-rubb] sponge1 m\ld$ ( ! desir$ =m1 ) ! upp] "p ( ! sole1 :i* comes 9 contact ) ! sole ( ! %oe or boot1 =m$ ) a r+ all ar\nd1 & protub]ances1 s z to give ! desir$ elevation ) little weight4 ,! op]ator mixes sug> or res9 ) ! ,india-rubb]1 prep>$ 9 ! usual mann] = vulcaniz+1 9 ! proportion ( "o-qu>t] ( a p\nd ( sug> or res9 to ea* p\nd ( ,india-rubb]2 & aft] ! comp\nd has be5 work$ & treat$ 9 ! usual mann]1 he =ms ! clog !re(1 9 a m\ld1 & subjects x to ! cur+ or vulcaniz+ process1 by :i* x is r5d]$ spongy & light4 ,! m\ld is s =m$ z to make ! sole ?91 ) a rim all r\nd & protub]ances )91 = ! boot or %oe to re/ on1 to give ! foot ! requir$ elevation f ! gr\nd4 ,! sole ?us prep>$1 c be provid$ ) a toe-piece & heel-/rap1 z describ$ "u ! second "p ( ! inv5tion1 or x may be provid$ ) any o!r means ( secur+ x to ! foot4 ,! la/ "p ( ! inv5tion relates to a mode or modes ( mak+ ,india-rubb] %oes or cov]+s = ! feet p]vi\s to p]spiration1 & yet imp]vi\s1 "u ord9>y circum/ances1 to wat] or damp4 ,?is object may be effect$ by tak+ a quantity ( ,india-rubb] sponge & roll+ x into ?9 %eets1 :i* %eets may be made into boots1 %oes1 or cov]+s = ! feet1 & z !y w be f\nd to be cov]$ ) a great numb] ( v f9e holes1 !y w all[ ! p]spiration to pass ?r\gh1 b w effectually keep out ! wet4 ,x is pref]r$1 h[ev]1 to p]=ate ! ,india-rubb] by me*anical means1 z a great] am\nt ( regul>ity may be !reby atta9$1 & ! p]=at+ process w be m "u comm&4 ,:5 ! %eet rubb] is made up into boots or cov]+s = ! feet1 x w be necess>y ei!r to leave ^? p>ts ( ! boot ne>e/ to ! sole1 & mo/ expos$ to ! wet1 unp]=at$ & imp]vi\s1 or to cov] ^? p>ts ) an imp]vi\s mat]ial1 leav+ only ! upp] "p p]vi\s to p]spiration4 ,"u ?is head ( ! inv5tion ! claim is = mak+ boots1 %oes1 & o!r cov]+s = ! feet1 p]vi\s to ! p]spiration ( ! we>]1 by mak+ su* articles ( %eet rubb]1 previ\sly p]=at$ ) m9ute holes4 ,,to ,,alfr$ ,,v9c5t ,,newton1 ( ! ,(fice ( ,pat5ts1 9 ,*anc]y ,lane1 ,london1 ,engl&4 ,= improvem5ts 9 ! prep>ation ( mat]ials = ! production ( a composition or compositions applicable to ! manufacture ( buttons1 knife & razor h&les1 ink/&s1 door-knobs1 & o!r articles1 :]e h>dness1 /r5g? & durability are requir$4 7,seal$ #d? ( ,m>*1 #ahea47d ,footnote #d3 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important pat5ts ev] tak5 out1 be+ ( great practical utility4 ,?is inv5tion relates to ! prep>ation & treatm5t ( ca\t*\c & gutta-p]*a1 ei!r alone or 9 comb9ation1 = ! purpose ( produc+ a new manufacture or composition1 applicable to v>i\s uses :]e h>dness1 /r5g? & durability are requir$4 ,! composition design$ to be produc$1 w possess "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( horn1 ivory1 jet1 & may1 accord+ to ! color imp>t$ to x1 be employ$ 9 place !re(2 or x may be us$ z a sub/itute = co/ly woods1 & be appli$ to furniture 9 ! =m ( v5e]4 ,9 treat+ ca\t*\c 7,india-rubb]7 = ?is purpose1 x is comb9$ ) sulphur1--! be/ proportion be+ ab\t equal p>ts1 by weight1 ( ea* +r$i5t4 ,by comb9+ sulphur 9 ?is proportion1 ) ! ca\t*\c1 & subject+ ! comp\nd to ! cur+ op]ation1 7h]eaft] to be describ$7 a h>d sub/ance w be produc$1 b a /ill bett] result w be obta9$ by ! introduction ( magnesia or lime1 or ( c>bonate1 or sulphate ( magnesia1 or c>bonate or sulphate ( lime1 or calc9$ ,fr5* *alk1 or o!r magnesian e>?1 into ! composition1 9 :i* case1 ! foll[+ proportions w be f\nd highly advantage\s1 viz42 "o p\nd ( ca\t*\c1 half a p\nd ( sulphur1 & half a p\nd ( magnesia1 or lime1 or c>bonate or sulphate ( magnesia1 or c>bonate or sulphate ( lime1 or calc9$ ,fr5* *alk1 or o!r magnesian e>?4 ,! proportions specifi$ 9 bo? ( ^! comp\nds1 may be consid]ably v>i$ )\t mat]ially *ang+ ! result2 b 9 no case is x desirable to use a mu* less quantity ( sulphur ?an f\r ounces to e p\nd ( ca\t*\c4 ,) ei!r ( ^! comp\nds j describ$1 gum lac1 or gum %ellac1 may be comb9$ to great advantage1--say1 9 ! proportion ( f f\r to eight ounces ( gum lac to e p\nd ( ca\t*\c4 ,ros91 oxides or salts ( lead or z9c1 ( all colors1 & o!r simil> sub/ances1 bo? m9]al & vegetable1 may be add$ 9 small quantities1 to ei!r ( ! comp\nds1 = ! purpose ( imp>t+ a poli%1 or a color !reto1 & = mak+ ! mixture "w m easily2 b no precise rule = ^! additions c be giv52 nor1 inde$1 is x necess>y1 z ! ta/e & judgm5t ( ! op]ator w be 8 guide 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,! comp\nds produc$ accord+ to ! above plans1 are next treat$ 9 ! mann] to be pres5tly describ$2 b1 z ?is process is equally applicable to ! treatm5t ( o!r compositions includ$ 9 ?is inv5tion1 ! pat5tee fir/ expla9s ( :at ^! compositions consi/4 ,:5 us+ gutta-p]*a 9 lieu ( ,india-rubb]1 ! inv5tor takes c]ta9 proportions ( gutta-p]*a1 sulphur & magnesia1 or lime1 or a c>bonate1 or a sulphate ( magnesia or lime1 or calc9$ ,fr5* *alk1 or o!r magnesian e>?1 & mixes !m 9 a conv5i5t mann]4 ,! portions pref]r$ are ! foll[+1 viz4--"o p\nd ( gutta-p]*a1 six ounces ( sulphur1 & f six to eight ounces ( ei!r magnesia or lime1 or a c>bonate1 or a sulphate ( magnesia or ( lime1 or calc9$ ,fr5* *alk1 or o!r magnesian e>?4 ,in/ead ( us+ ! specifi$ proportion ( ! magnesia or lime1 or ( ! c>bonate or sulphate ( magnesia or lime1 or ( calc9e ,fr5* *alk or o!r magnesian e>?1 ! same proportion ( any two or m ( ^! sub/ances comb9$1 may be employ$1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! quantity ( ?is ?ird +r$i5t 9 ! composition does n v>y f ! proportion ( six or eight ounces4 ,^! proportions may1 h[ev]1 be slightly v>i$1 )\t mat]ially *ang+ ! result4 ,to ! composition above specifi$1 a f\r? +r$i5t may be add$1 viz41 gum %ellac1 by :i* a /ill bett] article w be produc$--! body ?us obta9$ be+ /rong] & m easily work$4 ,! quantity ( %ellac1 9 su* case1 %\ld be ab\t f\r ounces to e p\nd ( gutta-p]*a4 ,res91 oxide or salts ( lead or z9c1 ( all colors1 & o!r l sub/ances1 bo? m9]al & vegetable may be add$1 9 small quantities1 to ei!r ( ! above compositions1 = ! purposes be=e /at$ ) respect to ! ,india-rubb] composition4 ,! comp\nds describ$ may be mix$ by a ma/icat+ ma*9e or o!r means1 until ! sev]al +r$i5ts are ?or\ghly incorporat$4 ,! m9]al +r$i5ts %\ld be f9ely divid$1 & good results are obta9$ by r$uc+ !m be=e mixture1 to an impalpable p[d]4 ,:5 roll$ or m\ld$1 ! comp\nds are !n to be 8cur$40 ,?is is effect$ by expos+ ! comp\nd to a high degree ( artificial heat1 us+ = ?is purpose ei!r /eam1 hot wat]1 or hot air4 ,! degree ( heat to :i* ?is comp\nd is to be expos$1 & ! duration ( its exposure1 w dep5d some:at ^u ! size & ?ickness ( ! article2 b 9 ord9>y cases ! heat %\ld be rais$ to ab\t #bfj or #bgj1 ,fah41 & ! comp\nd expos$ to su* heat = ab\t f\r h\rs2 z a g5]al rule1 h[ev]1 x may be /at$ t ! heat %\ld range f #bej to #cjj1 ,fah41 & ! "t ( exposure f two to six h\rs4 ,! comp\nds or compositions by und]go+ ?is heat+ or cur+ op]ation1 w become ( a h>d1 /iff "*1 9 _m respects resembl+ tortoise-%ell1 horn1 bone1 ivory1 & jet4 ,9 ! comp\nds describ$ z compositions ( ca\t*\c1 consid]able proportions ( gutta-p]*a may be sub/itut$ = ca\t*\c 7rubb]7 )\t injury2 &1 9 ! comp\nds describ$ z compositions ( gutta-p]*a1 consid]able proportions ( ca\t*\c may also be sub/itut$ = gutta-p]*a )\t injury 99 99 99 99 ,! compositions1 :5 h>d5$1 may be work$ l wood or bone2 b1 9 "s in/ances1 x is propos$ to m\ld1 %ape1 or o!rwise treat ! compositions s z to r5d] !m bett] suit$ to ! purpose = :i* !y are int5d$1 prior to submitt+ !m to ! h>d5+ process4 ,?us :5 x is desir$ to use ^! new compositions 9 comb9ation ) common flexible vulcaniz$ ca\t*\c1 ! p>ts int5d$ to be h>d5$ may be unit$ to a connect+ b&1 or connect+ pieces ( flexible vulcaniz$ ca\t*\c1 by cem5t+ or press+ toge!r ! surfaces requir$ to be jo9$1 be=e ! heat+ or cur+ process has be5 effect$2 by :i* means1 dur+ ! process ( cur+1 ! abutt+ ela/ic & non-ela/ic surfaces w become firmly unit$ toge!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r mode ( apply+ ! composition consi/s 9 unit+ !m 9 _! pla/ic or gre5 /ate ) iron1 or o!r metals or rigid sub/ances1 :i* w be> a high degree ( artificial heat )\t alt]ation or damage1 r\gh5$ 9 su* portions ( its surface z are int5d$ to be br\ght into contact ) ! comp\nd ( ca\t*\c or gutta-p]*a1 & ! comp\nd is !n appli$ to ! r\gh5$ surface ( ! article4 ,:5 x is desir$ t ! comp\nd ( ca\t*\c or gutta-p]*a %all s]ve z a cov]+ to ! iron or o!r sub/ance1 a ?9 %eet ( ! comp\nd 7sometimes "o ?irty-second "p ( an in* 9 ?ickness or less7 is press$ ) great c>e1 ^u ! iron or o!r sub/ance1 s z to expel all air f betwe5 ! adjo9+ surfaces1 & to cause ! mo/ p]fect union & adhesion1 z ! coat$ article is b\nd ) /rips or ribbons ( clo?1 or o!r suitable mat]ial1 :]eby ! comp\nd is kept 9 close contact ) ! article dur+ ! process ( h>d5+4 ,! comb9$ mat]ials ?us treat$1 w be f\nd to possess ! qualities desir$--! iron or o!r sub/ance giv+ /r5g? & ! comp\nd giv+ a h>d & durable surface4 ,9 ?is way may be produc$ _m articles us$ 9 & ab\t h>nesses or c>riages1 su* z saddle trees1 buckles1 t]rels1 bits1 /irrups1 m>t+ale r+s1 da%]-irons1 & articles int5d$ to be us$ z furniture1 ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p1 & a great v>iety ( o!r useful objects4 ,a4 ,,=d4 ,prep>+ & dissolv+ 9 nap?a or oil ( turp5t9e1 vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] = ! purpose ( wat]-pro(+1 & = all or any ( ! o!r purposes = :i* ! same n s prep>$ & dissolv$ is n[ applicable1 & expressly = ! coat+ ( iron %ips' bottoms4 ,dat$ ,june #bg?1 #ahef4 ,! inv5tor fir/ cuts ! vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] into small pieces1 & places x 9 a boil]1 hav+ )9 x an agitator or /irr]1 kept 9 con/ant motion dur+ ! process4 ,! only op5+s into ?is boil] are a ma9 hole ) a screw top2 a safety-valve :i* comes into action only :5 ! pressure on ! inn] surface ( ! boil] exce$s #be lbs4 to ! squ>e in*1 & ! op5+ occasion$ by ! passage ( ! /em ( ! agitator1 :i* passes 9 at ! summit4 ,he !n applies heat 9 su* a mann] z t ?ree-f\r?s ( ! out] surface ( ! boil] %all be at once expos$ to its influ5ce1 & at a temp]ature ( nev] m ?an #cjj ,fah42 & he cont9ues ! same until ! ,india-rubb] %all be r$uc$ to ! consi/5ce ( d\gh1 :5 he takes x out1 & hav+ mix$ ) x a suffici5t portion ( ,fr5* *alk 9 p[d] to remove its adhesiv5ess1 passes x a few times ?r\gh metal roll]s1 aft] :i* x is capable ( be+ dissolv$ 9 nap?a or oil ( turp5t9e 9 ! mann] ( ord9>y ,india-rubb]4 ,! rationale ( ! process is1 t by means ( ! heat appli$ to ! boil]1 he decomposes a small portion ( ! vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 :]eby a gas is g5]at$ :i*1 fill+ ! int]ior ( ! boil]1 acts ^u ! rema9+ portion1 & s(t5s x4 ,! n all[+ ! gas to escape is1 !re=e1 a v important feature4 ,n4 ,s4 ,,dodge4 ,improvem5ts 9 treat+ vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a4 ,dat$ ,janu>y #ah?1 #ahef4 ,?is inv5tion relates to a mode ( treat+ vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 = r5d]+ scraps or wa/e pieces1 su* z old %oes1 c41 fit to be re-us$ )\t requir+ to be vulcaniz$4 ,! mat]ial is r$uc$ into small pieces1 & plac$ 9 a vessel h]metically clos$1 & to x is add$ pure alcohol & bisulphate ( c>bon 7lb4 ( ! =m]1 & #aj lbs4 ( ! latt]1 to #ajj lbs4 ( ! mat]ial17 ! alcohol & ! bisulphate be+ previ\sly mix$ toge!r1 & !n p\r$ ov] ! mat]ial to be treat$4 ,! vessel is !n clos$ air-tight = two h\rs1 at ! end ( :i* ! process is complete4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,turn]4 ,improvem5ts 9 ! manufacture ( ela/ic tub+4 ,dat$ ,febru>y #bi?1 #ahef4 ,! inv5tion relates to tub+ made ( ,india-rubb] & gutta-p]*a1 ei!r sep>ately or 9 comb9ation1 & is design$ = r5d]+ su* tub+ capable ( )/&+ a pressure ( f #ej to #ajj lbs4 on e squ>e in* ( surface4 ,! novelty consi/s 9 comb9+ ) ! a=esaid mat]ial a rigid sub/ance1 su* z a helix or a s]ies ( r+s ( metal or o!r mat]ial4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,am]ican ,,pat5ts ,,& ,,claims4 ,,introductory4 ,no soon] _h ! nature ( ,india-rubb] began to be develop$1 ?an ! _s ( ,am]ican ent]prize comm5c$ to "w1 9 exp]im5t+ ^u ! v>i\s uses to :i* x is susceptible4 ,( c\rse1 ! progress 0 at fir/ sl[ & t$i\s4 ,*>les ,mack9to%1 ( ,engl&1 seems to be ! fir/ individual :o discov]$ ! process ( dissolv+ ! gum 9 spirits ( turp5t9e1 & to introduce ! manufacture ( ^? goods :i* n[ be> 8 "n4 ,b x seems t z e>ly z #ahac1 eight ye>s prior to ,mack9to%'s discov]y1 ,jacob ,h4 ,hummel1 ( ,philadelphia1 _h secur$ a pat5t = 8,india-rubb] v>ni%40 ,:at ! me?od ( prep>ation 01 ! 8report0 does n /ate4 ,f t date to #ahca1 ! _s ( inve/igation & exp]im5t 9 ?is direction1 lay dormant4 ,! next /ep 9 ?is c\ntry1 79 #ahca17 0 a pat5t secur$ = 8,india-rubb] ,fluid10 to r5d] articles wat]-pro(4 ,9 ab\t "o ye> f ! issu+ ( ?is pat5t1 ,wait ,web/]1 ( ,new ,york1 secur$ a pat5t = atta*+ ,india-rubb] soles to boots & %oes4 ,) ! introduction ( ,*affee's pat5t = ,india-rubb] %oes1 9 #ahcb1 ! _s ( inv5tion1 exp]im5t & competition comm5c$1 & has cont9u$ until ! pres5t "t4 ,! new1 curi\s1 & almo/ univ]sal application ( ,india-rubb] & gutta-p]*a1 9 ! indu/rial arts1 has wr\ght a wond]ful *ange1 & has giv5 an add$ /imulus to our manufactur+ & comm]cial int]e/s4 ,! importance ( ^! gums c h>dly be ov]-e/imat$1 &1 x is h>dly too mu* to pr$ict t discov]ies 9 ! comb9ation ( gutta-p]*a & ,india-rubb] ) o!r sub/ances1 w yet be made1 :i* w almo/ or :olly sup]s$e ! common sole-lea!r1 n[ s ext5sively us$4 ,already h pat5ts be5 secur$ = artificial lea!r1 t 9 appe>ance is h>dly di/+ui%able f ! be/ sole-lea!r4 ,its ,,durability1 x is conte/$1 toge!r ) its ,,*eapness1 w1 :5 ! processes ( its manufacture are p]fect$1 give x a decid$ sup]iority ov] all o!r lea!r4 ,9 prep>+ & arrang+ ! foll[+ li/ ( 8,am]ican ,pat5ts & ,claims10 we h giv5 all ! really important ones ev] issu$4 ,"s ( ! descriptions are v brief1 & necess>ily s1 f ! fact t ! ,pat5t ,(fice ,reports h giv5 b little m ?an ! title1 or 8text0 ( ! pat5t issu$4 ,x is a v s+ul>1 & some:at rem>kable fact1 t our ,pat5t ,(fice ,reports are exce$+ly b>r5 ( in=mation conc]n+ ! nature & description ( inv5tions4 ,:y ?is meagr5ess ( detail is put =?1 & important in=mation ?us )held or suppress$1 is a problem t we _c solve4 ,we h be=e allud$ to ! m>k$ diff]5ce :i* exi/s betwe5 ! ,engli% & ,am]ican ,pat5t ,(fices 9 ?is important p>ticul>1 & :ile we are able to give full1 m9ute1 & in/ructive descriptions ( ,engli% pat5ts1 we c only af=d1 9 _m ,am]ican pat5ts h]e9 ref]r$ to1 b little m ?an ! ann\ncem5t ( ! issue4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,am]ican ,,pat5ts4 ,fir/ ,am]ican ,pat5t1 receiv$ by ,jacob ,h4 ,hummel1 ( ,philadelphia1 ,april #bi1 #ahac1 = ,india-rubb] ,v>ni%4 ,second1 to ,george ,h4 ,ri*>ds1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,april #aa1 #ahca1 = ,india-rubb] ,fluid1 to r5d] articles wat]-pro(4 ,?ird1 to ,wait ,web/]1 ,new ,york1 ,may #ai1 #ahcb1 = atta*+ ,india-rubb] soles to boots & %oes4 ,f\r?1 to ,edw9 ,m4 ,*affee1 ,roxbury1 ,mass41 ,feb4 #f1 #ahcc1 = ,india-rubb] %oes4 ,fif?1 to ,na?aniel ,ruggles1 ,bridgeport1 ,conn41 ,feb4 #bj1 #ahcc1 = atta*+ ,india-rubb] soles to boots & %oes4 ,six?1 to ,samuel ,d4 ,bre$1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 ,april #d1 #ahcc1 = atta*+ soles to boots & %oes by means ( ,india-rubb]4 ,sev5?1 to ,samuel ,d4 ,bre$1 ,philadelphia1 ,june #bi1 #ahcc1 = hose f clo? & gum-ela/ic4 ,eigh?1 to ,edw9 ,m4 ,*affee1 ,roxbury1 ,mass41 ,dec4 #ca1 #ahcc1 = ,india-rubb] mail & travell+ bags4 ,n9?1 to ,edw9 ,m4 ,*affee1 ,roxbury1 ,mass41 ,may #ag1 #ahcd1 = boots & %oes f ,india-rubb]4 ,t5?1 to ,patrick ,mackie1 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #af1 #ahcd1 = cov]+ ropes ) ,india-rubb]4 ,re-issu$1 ,dec4 #c1 #ahcd4 ,elev5?1 to ,a4 ,l4 ,van ,horn1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 ,june #bf1 #ahce1 ,india-rubb] webb+ = rid+-saddles4 ,twelf?1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 ,sept4 #i1 #ahce1 = ,india-rubb] cem5t4 ,?irte5? & ,f\rte5? to ,william ,atk9son1 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #f1 #ahce1 = cutt+ ,india-rubb] into ?reads2 also1 ano!r pat5t same date1 = spread+ & dry+ ,india-rubb] ^u clo?4 ,fifte5?1 to ,patrick ,mackie1 ,new ,york1 ,m>* #bc1 #ahcf1 = dissolv+ ,india-rubb] 9 nap?a & sulphate ( z9c4 ,sixte5?1 to ,ranson ,w>n]1 ,new ,york1 ,may #ah1 #ahcf1 = manufactur+ gum-ela/ic susp5d]s4 ,sev5te5?1 to ,e4 ,m4 ,*affee1 ,roxbury1 ,mass41 ,may #ca1 #ahcf1 = ,india-rubb] application to clo?4 ,mr4 ,*affee obta9$ ano!r pat5t 9 ,augu/1 #ahcf1 = s(t5+ ,india-rubb] & apply+ x to clo?1 )\t dissolv+ x1 by press+ x betwe5 heat$ roll]s4 ,?is 0 & is1 a v important pat5t4 ,x is n report$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,reports1 & ! reason = its suppression is v>i\sly acc\nt$ =4 ,eighte5?4 ,specification ( a ,pat5t = dive/+ ca\t*\c or ,india-rubb] ( its adhesive qualities1 & also ( blea*+ ! same1 & !reby adapt+ x to v>i\s useful purposes4 ,grant$ to ,,*>les ,,goodye>1 ,new ,york ,city1 ,june #ag?1 #ahcg4 ,mr4 ,goodye> claims ! discov]y ( a new & improv$ mode or process ( dive/+ ca\t*\c1 gum ela/ic1 or ,india-rubb]1 ( its adhesive prop]ties4 ,i employ ! v>i\s acid solutions ( ! metals1 & ) su* metallic solution ,i wa% ov] ! surface ( ! ca\t*\c1 ( :i* ,i mean to de/roy ! adhesive prop]ty2 or in/ead ( wa%+ ! surface ( ! ca\t*\c1 ,i dip x1 or ! article coat$ ) x1 into su* a solution4 99 99 99 ,! metallic solutions are n1 by any means1 equally effective 9 de/roy+ ! adhesiv5ess ( ! ca\t*\c2 ! /rong] acids be+ 9 all cases pref]r$1 z be+ p]fect 9 _! action1 nor is x indiff]5t :at k9d ( metal is employ$4 ,! /rong nitric acid1 undilut$1 is t :i* ,i 9 g5]al pref]2 & among ! metals1 ,i pref] ei!r copp] or bismu?1 =m+ a nitrate ( copp]1 or a nitrate ( bismu?1 z ! full effect is produc$ by ^! solutions 9 f "o to five m9utes4 ,aft] ! action is ?\ght to be complete1 ! article act$ ^u is to be wa%$ ) wat]1 s z to remove ! :ole ( ! acid solution1 & x w be f\nd t n only ! surface ( ! ca\t*\c w resemble t ( a s(t clo?1 b t ! surface may be worn (f to a consid]able dep?1 & ! new surface n manife/ ! slighte/ t5d5cy to adhesiv5ess2 x is inde$ s f> alt]$ 9 its prop]ties z to resi/1 to a consid]able ext5t1 ! action ( ^? m5/rua by :i* x is ord9>ily dissolv$4 ,x may1 = example1 be wa%$ 9 spirits ( turp5t9e1 or 9 ! oil ( sassafras1 )\t be+ r5d]$ /icky2 & x w equally resi/ ! action ( sol> or ( artificial heat1 "u all ord9>y temp]atures4 ,i h sometimes cov]$ ! surface ( ! ca\t*\c ) ! metallic p[d] kn[n by ! "n ( bronze1 & h aft]w>ds wa%$ x ov] ) nitric acid1 :i* has produc$ ! same effect z ! wa%+ x )1 or dipp+ x 9 ! metallic solution1 su* a solution be+ 9 ?is case imm$iately produc$ by ! action ( ! acid ^u ! metal4 ,x is a common practice to add "s ( ! absorb5t e>?s1 or "s pigm5t1 to ! dissolv$ ca\t*\c1 & :5 ?is is done ! metallic solution may be readily made to op]ate to a great] or less ext5t ?r\gh\t ! :ole mass ( a %eet ( consid]able ?ickness4 ,in/ead ( ! process above describ$1 or prep>atory to x1 ,i comb9e ! ca\t*\c ) quick lime1 z ,i h f\nd ?is e>? is pref]able1 9 fitt+ ! %eet ca\t*\c to be act$ ^u ?r\gh\t its :ole ?ickness by ! metallic solution2 b besides ?is1 ! lime has ! prop]ty ( blea*+ ! ca\t*\c1 & ( giv+ to x a surface & texture adapt+ x to ! receiv+ impressions f copp] plates1 or by o!r modes ( pr9t+1 r5d]+ x1 ei!r alone or :5 us$ z a coat+ = clo?1 applicable to ! purpose ( pr9t+ *>ts1 or o!r devices4 ,! ca\t*\c s prep>$ ) lime1 w be r5d]$ adhesive by ! action ( heat or ( solv5ts1 unless ! metallic solutions be appli$ to x2 9 :i* case mu* ( ! :it5ess communicat$ to x by ! blea*+ prop]ty ( ! lime w disappe>4 ,! foll[+ is ! process3 ,i slake a portion ( ! f9e/ quick lime1 & !n mix & agitate x ) s mu* wat] z t x %all n be ?ick] ?an milk1 :5 on all[+ x to /& at re/1 all ! co>s] p>ticles conta9$ 9 x w rapidly subside2 ! upp] portion conta9+ ! f9] p>ticles1 is !n to be p\r$ (f1 & ! f9e lime all[$ to subside1 ! wat] left on ! surface ( ?is be+ p\r$ (f1 x is obta9$ 9 a /ate fit = incorporation ) ! ca\t*\c :5 9 t =m ( ?ick pa/e into :i* x is br\ght by ! manufactur]1 prep>atory to its be+ roll$ into %eets4 ,:at ,i claim z my inv5tion1 & wi% to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ! de/roy+ ( ! adhesive prop]ty n only ( ! surface ( ca\t*\c1 gum ela/ic1 or ,india-rubb]1 b also to a consid]able ext5t bel[ ! surface1 :e!r ! same be+ 9 %eets unconnect$ ) clo?1 or o!r sub/ances1 or :5 us$ z a coat+ !re=1 by ! application !reto ( an acid solution ( ! metals1 sub/antially 9 ! mann] set =?4 ,i also claim ! mann] ( prep>+ & incorporat+ lime ) ! ca\t*\c pa/e1 = ! purpose ( blea*+ x1 & giv+ to ! %eets =m$ ( x a color & texture adapt+ x to receive pr9t+ impressures & r5d]+ x applicable to v>i\s o!r purposes1 ei!r )\t or ) ! treatm5t by ! metallic solutions1 z set =?4 ,i fur!r claim1 z an entirely new manufacture1 ! %eet ca\t*\c prep>$ by ! )9 describ$ process ( treatm5t1 by ! metallic solutions z h]e9 describ$1 z x is !reby s ess5tially *ang$ 9 its prop]ties z to be> b little resemblance to su* articles z h1 h]et(ore1 be5 manufactur$ out ( ! same mat]ial1 & is r5d]$ applicable to a v>iety ( new purposes hi!rto unattempt$1 or attempt$ )\t success4 ,n9ete5?1 to ,/eph5 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,new ,york1 ,decemb] #g?1 #ahcg4 ,manufacture ( ,india-rubb]4 ,tw5tie?1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,roxbury1 ,mass41 ,july #bd?1 #ahch4 ,= manufactur+ ,india-rubb]4 ,tw5ty-fir/1 to ,na?aniel ,hayw>d1 ,assign] to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 ,feb4 #bd?1 #ahci4 ,= an ,improvem5t 9 ! mode ( prep>+ ,india-rubb] = ! manufacture ( v>i\s articles4 ,sulphur1 x is kn[n1 is soluble 9 ! ess5tial oils1 :i* also are ! solv5ts usually employ$ = dissolv+ ca\t*\c1 ! oil ( turp5t9e be+ g5]ally employ$ = t purpose4 ,i take ! ess5tial oil1 say oil ( turp5t9e1 & dissolve 9 x1 by dige/ion1 a portion ( sulphur g5]ally us+ ab\t a teaspoonful ( sulphur1 9 fl\r1 to a quantity ( oil ( turp5t9e :i* is to dissolve a p\nd ( ,india-rubb]2 ! exact proportion n be+ important1 & t indicat$ be+ suffici5tly ne> = practical purposes4 ,) ?is solution ,i proce$ z ) ! ord9>y spirits ( turp5t9e4 ,in/ead ( mak+ ?is solution ( sulphur1 ,i sometimes use ! fl\r ( sulphur1 or sulphur 9 f9e p[d]1 & incorporate x 9 ! proportion above indicat$ ) ! gum :5 br\ght to a pulpy mass by any ( ! common solv5ts1 or :5 work$ by heat$ cyl9d]s )\t any solv5ts1 tak+ c>e t x is intimately mix$ ) ! mass4 ,ano!r mode ( us+ ! sulphur is to apply x to ! surface ( ! gum aft] x has be5 appli$ to ! clo?1 or roll$ into %eets1 caus+ x to adh]e by pressure or o!rwise4 ,aft] :i* ! gum is to be submitt$ to ! action ( metallic salts1 9 ! mann] describ$ by ,*>les ,goodye>4 ,! effect ( ! sulphur 9 :atev] way x may be add$ to ! gum1 is to cause x to dry m p]fectly1 & to improve ! :ole sub/ance !re(1 r5d]+ x mu* sup]ior to t prep>$ by any o!r comb9ation !re)4 ,! subsequ5t process ( cur+1 or tann+1 ! surface above ref]r$ to1 z pat5t$ by ,*>les ,goodye>1 removes all ! odor ( sulphur1 & is int5d$ to be g5]ally appli$ to all articles manufactur$ z above4 ,:at ,i claim z my inv5tion1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ! comb9+ ( sulphur ) gum ela/ic1 :e!r 9 solution or 9 sub/ance1 9 ei!r ( ! modes above po9t$ out1 or 9 any o!r t is sub/antially ! same1 & :i* w produce a l effect4 ,tw5ty-second1 to ,*>les ,b4 ,rodg]s1 & ,e4 ,arnold1 ,*>le/[n1 ,mass41 ,june #ba1 #ahda4 ,assigns to ,e4 ,*affee1 ,cambridgeport1 ,mass4 ,= manufactur+ ,india-rubb] ,balls4 ,tw5ty-?ird1 to ,sewall ,gleason1 ,new ,york1 ,nov4 #bd1 #ahdc4 ,= ,ma*9e = mak+ ,india-rubb] ,hats4 ,tw5ty-f\r?1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,new ,york1 ,m>* #i1 #ahdd4 ,= ,india-rubb] ,fabrics4 ,tw5ty-fif?1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,new ,york1 ,june #ae1 #ahdd4 ,= ,india-rubb] ,fabrics4 ,tw5ty-six?1 to ,h4 ,g4 ,ty] & ,j4 ,helm1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 ,octob] #i1 #ahdd4 ,= ,india-rubb] ,cutt+4 ,tw5ty-sev5?1 to ,horace ,h4 ,day1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,n4 ,j41 ,octob] #ab1 #ahdd4 ,= ,india-rubb] ,goods corrugat$ & %irr$4 ,tw5ty-eigh?1 to ,nelson ,goodye>1 ,newton1 ,conn41 ,april #bb1 #ahde4 ,= manufacture ( ,india-rubb]4 ,tw5ty-n9?1 to ,nelson ,goodye>1 ,newton1 ,conn41 ,may #ac1 #ahde4 ,= ,india-rubb] ,fabrics4 ,?irtie?1 to ,james ,bog>dus1 ,new ,york1 ,may #ba1 #ahde4 ,= ,%e]+ ,ma*9e = ,india-rubb]4 ,?irty-fir/1 to ,horace ,h4 ,day1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,n4 ,j41 ,june #g1 #ahde1 ,h4 ,g4 ,ty]1 & ,j4 ,helm1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j4 ,= ,ma*9e = cutt+ ,india-rubb] ,?reads4 ,?irty-second1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,new ,york1 ,june #aj1 #ahde4 ,= ,india-rubb] ,fabrics4 ,?irty-?ird1 to ,james ,bog>dus1 ,new ,york1 ,novemb] #ba1 #ahde4 ,= ,ma*9e = cutt+ ,india-rubb] ,?reads4 ,?irty-f\r?1 to ,horace ,day1 ,new ,york1 ,june #ae1 #ahdf4 ,= ,india-rubb] ,portable ,boat4 ,?irty-fif?1 to ,j4 ,w4 ,h>rison1 ,new ,york1 ,june #ae1 #ahdf4 ,= process = gr9d+ ,india-rubb] previ\s to s(t5+4 ,?irty-six?1 to ,william ,f4 ,ely1 ,new ,york1 ,april #ag1 #ahdg4 ,= prep>+ ,india-rubb]4 ,?irty-sev5?1 to ,*>les ,j4 ,gilb]t1 & ,gamaliel ,gay1 ,new ,york1 ,july #ag1 #ahdg4 ,= ,india-rubb] ,fabrics4 ,?irty-eigh?1 to ,rob]t ,/ory1 & ,?omas ,hopp]1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 ,augu/ #ag1 #ahdg4 ,= ,india-rubb] ,%oes4 ,?irty-n9?1 to ,james ,?omas1 ,new ,york1 ,septemb] #d1 #ahdg4 ,= prep>+ ,india-rubb]4 ,=tie?1 to ,*>les ,f4 ,durant1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,n4 ,j41 ,octob] #be1 #ahdg4 ,= process = s(t5+ & dissolv+ ,india-rubb] 9 ,*lor(orm4 ,=ty-fir/1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 ,april #be1 #ahdh4 ,= process ( mak+ holl[ sph]es1 v>i\s holl[ toys1 or o!r holl[ articles ( ,india-rubb] 7ca\t*\c71 ! same consi/+ 9 ! employm5t ( a m\ld1 & heat1 & air1 sub/antially 9 ! mann] above set =?4 ,=ty-second1 to ,*>les ,f4 ,durant1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,n4 ,j41 ,april #be1 #ahdh4 ,= application ( p]-*loride ( =myle1 o!rwise kn[n z *lor(orm1 to s(t5 & dissolve gutta-p]*a1 & to s(t5 & dissolve rubb]4 ,=ty-?ird1 to ,horace ,h4 ,day1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,n4 ,j41 ,may #b1 #ahdh4 ,= f9i%+ or treat+ clo?1 or o!r articles made :olly or p>tly ( gutta-p]*a1 & clo? & fabric made ( ^!1 ) ,japan v>ni%1 su* z is g5]ally us$ 9 ! manufacture ( pat5t lea!r4 ,=ty-f\r?1 to ,horace ,h4 ,day1 & ,francis ,d4 ,hayw>d1 ( ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 ,may #g1 #ahdh1 re-issu$ ,novemb] #g1 #ahdh4 ,= =m+ & r5d]+ ela/ic susp5d]s1 %\ld] braces1 rid+ belts1 & o!r simil> articles1 by use 9 comb9ation !re) ( ! ela/ic r+s1 = ! purpose ( giv+ spr+ & draught4 ,=ty-fif?1 to ,h5ry ,bewley1 ,dubl91 ,irel&1 ,may #bc1 #ahdh4 ,= application ( gutta-p]*a 9 any ( ! /ates1 & by any ( ! processes be=e specifi$1 to ! manufacture ( flexible syr+es1 tubes1 bottles1 hose1 or o!r l vehicles or vessels1 or to ! improvem5t ( su* articles aft] manufacture4 ,=ty-six?1 to ,*>les ,hancock1 ,grosv5or ,place1 ,london1 ,may #bc1 #ahdh4 ,= a me?od ( mak+ b&s & belts ( gutta-p]*a1 or ! comp\nds !re(1 by ! process ( =m+1 9 comb9ation ) ! process ( /ret*+ or draw+ out1 sub/antially z describ$2 & ?is ,i claim irrespective ( ! me?ods t may be employ$ = =m+ & /ret*+1 or draw+ out ! b&s or belts4 ,=ty-sev5?1 to ,r4 ,a4 ,brooman1 ,london1 ,engl&1 ,may #bc1 #ahdh4 ,= manufacture ( v>i\s articles1 by m\ld+1 /amp+1 or emboss+1 c41 to give to su* articles ! =m requir$ to be reta9$1 :e!r useful or ornam5tal1 :]eby ,i am enabl$ to produce articles useful or ornam5tal1 or bo?1 at less co/1 m durable1 m easily appli$1 & 9 %ort1 m valuable ?an :5 made ( any o!r kn[n sub/ance2 & ?is ,i claim1 :e!r made ( gutta-p]*a alone1 or 9 comb9ation ) su* o!r sub/ances z are h]e9 specifi$4 ,=ty-eigh?1 to ,*>les ,ke5e1 ,sussex ,place1 ,reg5t's ,p>k1 ,engl&1 ,may #bc1 #ahdh4 ,= ! manufacture ( boots1 %oes1 & o!r articles ( any kn[n k9d ( clo? or lea!r1 l9$ or coat$1 z h]e9 describ$1 ) gutta-p]*a 9 any ( ! /ates ( prep>ation or comb9ation1 by cem5t+ in/ead ( sew+ or /it*+ !m toge!r4 ,=ty-n9?1 to ,ri*>d ,solis1 ,novemb] #g1 #ahdh4 ,= a mode ( prep>+ ! clo? = ! rubb] by /ret*+1 also plac+ ! rubb] on ! clo? obliquely4 ,fiftie?1 to ,h4 ,g4 ,ty] & ,john ,g4 ,helm1 ,janu>y #cj1 #ahdi4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]4 ,we "h disclaim ! use ( rubb] & sulphur alone1 z also ! submitt+ ( rubb]1 or rubb] comp\nds to a high degree ( heat1 pat5ts hav+ be5 grant$ = t process1 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries2 nei!r d we wi% to secure ! "r ( color+ rubb]1 su* hav+ frequ5tly be5 done by rubb] manufactur]s4 ,b :at we d claim & wi% to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ! comb9ation ( ca\t*\c 9 its sev]al v>ieties1 ) ei!r c>bonate ( z9c1 sulphate ( z9c1 or ! o!r salts ( z9c ) sulphur1 9 mann]1 =m & proportion z h]e9be=e set =?4 ,fifty-fir/1 to ,h4 ,g4 ,ty] & ,john ,g4 ,helm1 ,aug4 #g1 #ahdi4 ,re-issue4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb] goods by means ( z9c comp\nds4 ,we "h disclaim ! use ( rubb] & sulphur alone1 z also ! submitt+ ( rubb] or rubb] comp\nds to a high degree ( heat2 nei!r d we wi% to secure ! "r ( color+ rubb]1 su* hav+ frequ5tly be5 done by rubb] manufactur]s4 ,b :at we d claim z our inv5tion1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ,india-rubb] fabrics made by ! comb9ation ( ca\t*\c 9 its sev]al v>ieties1 ) z9c comp\nds1 9 _! v>i\s =ms1 z h]e9 set =?1 & sulphur2 & 9 comb9ation ) ^!1 ! submitt+ our comp\nd to ! action ( a high degree ( heat2 ! :ole be+ comb9$ & manufactur$ sub/antially z above describ$4 ,fifty-second1 to ,nelson ,goodye>1 ,oct4 #af1 #ahdi4 ,= improvem5t 9 ela/ic cords = susp5d]s4 ,i d n claim simply cov]+ ?reads ( metallic or vulcaniz$ rubb] ) braid1 z ?is has long s9ce be5 done1 b n :il/ ! ,india-rubb] is 9 a /ate ( t5sion2 nor d ,i claim simply comb9+ non-ela/ic cords ) ! button-hole pieces1 & ) ! %\ld] /raps ( susp5d]s1 by pass+ su* cords ?r\gh loops or ar\nd roll]s atta*$ to ! %\ld] /raps1 z ?is has also be5 long kn[n2 b-- ,:at ,i claim z my inv5tion1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ! mak+ ( ela/ic cords = susp5d]s1 by braid+ or w9d+ silk1 cotton1 or o!r ?reads1 ar\nd cords ( metallic or vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 :il/ 9 a p>tially di/5d$ /ate1 sub/antially z describ$1 :]eby spr+s ( great] resi/+ =ce are produc$1 ?an by any o!r kn[n plan4 ,fifty-?ird & fifty-f\r?1 to ,*>les ,goodye>--re-issu$--,dec4 #be1 #ahdi4 ,= improvem5t 9 processes = ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]4 ,:at ,i claim z my inv5tion1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ! cur+ ( ca\t*\c or ,india-rubb]1 by subject+ x to ! action ( a high degree ( artificial heat1 sub/antially z h]e9 describ$1 & = ! purpose specifi$4 ,& ,i also claim ! prep>+ & cur+ ! comp\nd ( ,india-rubb]1 sulphur1 & a c>bonate or o!r salt or oxide ( lead1 by subject+ ! same to ! action ( artificial heat1 sub/antially z h]e9 describ$4 ,= improvem5t 9 felt+ ,india-rubb] ) cotton fibre4 ,:at ,i claim z new & ( my inv5tion1 is incorporat+ ! fibres ( cotton or o!r sub/ances1 ) ,india-rubb]1 by press+ ! fibres ( a fleece or bat ( cotton or o!r fibr\s sub/ance into a %eet ( ,india-rubb] 9 ! gre5 /ate1 )\t subject+ ! fibres1 aft] !y h be5 incorporat$1 to a /ret*+ or draw+ op]ation1 sub/antially z h]e9 describ$4 ,fifty-fif?1 to ,francis ,c4 ,hayw>d & ,j4 ,c4 ,bick=d1 ( ,col*e/]1 ,conn41 ,m>* #ai1 #ahej4 ,= process ( roll+ ,india-rubb] clo?4 ,! 8claim0 is a new or improv$ process ( apply+ rubb] to clo?1 by means ( roll]s2 ! process be+ a comb9ation ( ! me?od ( spread+ rubb] by ! pressure ( roll]s1 & ! me?od ( gr9d+ & spread+1 at "o & ! same "t1 aga9/ & into ! sub/ance ( ! clo?4 ,fifty-six?1 to ,john ,pridham1 ,assignor to ,horace ,h4 ,day1 ,new ,york1 ,m>* #ai1 #ahej1 = use ( oxide ( t91 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]4 ,he does n claim ! comb9+ ( o*re or pipe clay ) ,india-rubb]1 or submitt+ rubb] to high heat1 or mix+ sulphur ) rubb]4 ,! specific claim is1 ! comb9+ rubb] ) t91 z set =?1 & ! comb9ation ( ^! ) sulphur & heat1 :]eby is produc$ a fabric hav+ a black surface1 :i* is capable ( )/&+ all ! elem5ts :i* di/+ui% vulcaniz$ f o!r prep>ations ( rubb]4 ,fifty-sev5?1 to ,f[l] ,m4 ,ray1 ,new ,york1 ,april #b1 #ahej4 ,= spr+s = c>s1 c41 ( ,india-rubb]4 ,a me?od ( mak+ cyl9d] or rolls ( prep>$ ,india-rubb]1 by roll+ up a ?9 %eet ( ,india-rubb]1 on a m&rel1 :ile ! %eet is 9 a gre5 /ate1 & z x comes f ! heat$ cal5d]+ cyl9d]s1 sub/antially z describ$4 ,he also claims a m&rel or cyl9drical rod press$ aga9/ ! p]iph]y1 or a cyl9d] or roll]1 s t ! ?9 %eet ( prep>$ rubb] 9 ! gre5 /ate1 & tak5 z x comes f ! cal5d]+ cyl9d]1 may be w\nd ^u ! m&rel1 & ! sev]al w9d+s made to adh]e1 by pressure1 sub/antially z describ$4 ,fifty-eigh?1 to ,s4 ,t4 ,arm/rong ,c4 ,j4 ,gilb]t1 ( ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y41 = improvem5t 9 ! process ( work+ gutta-p]*a4 ,sept4 #ag1 #ahej4 ,:at we claim "u ! fir/ "p ( our inv5tion1 consi/s 9 ! use ( lime or o!r alkal9e sub/ance1 ) heat1 9 ! mann] sub/antially z h]e9 describ$1 9 ! clean+ ( gutta-p]*a1 to neutralize ! acid or acids conta9$ 9 t sub/ance 9 its crude or native /ate1 & ?us pres]ve & r5d] m p]man5t its useful prop]ties1 z specifi$4 ,& 9 ! second "p ( our inv5tion1 we claim comp\nd+ lime ) gutta-p]*a1 sub/antially z h]e9 describ$1 = ! purpose ( improv+ its qualities1 pres]v+ x :olly or p>tly f det]ioration1 & protect+ x aga9/ ! injuri\s effects ( ! atmosph]e & heat1 sub/antially z describ$4 ,,rem>ks4--,two pat5ts = improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]1 7 grant$ 9 #ahej4 ,! fir/ ( :i* is = ! use ( ! hypo-sulphate ( z9c4 ,?is salt is prep>$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,9 a solution ( cau/ic lime1 pota%1 or o!r cau/ic alkali1 boil fl\r ( sulphur until ! liquor is saturat$1 & into ?is liquid pass sulphur\s acid gas1 by any ( ! kn[n means1 = ! purpose ( obta9+ a hypo-sulphate ( ! alkal9e base4 ,! liquid is all[$ to /& & cool4 ,! cle> liquor is !n decant$ into a vessel conta9+ a suitable quantity ( a saturat$ solution ( ! nitrate or o!r analog\s salt ( z9c4 ,on mix+ ^! solutions ! z9c is precipitat$ 9 a :ite p[d]1 :i* is reg>d$ z ! hypo-sulphate ( z9c4 ,x is !n wa%$ on a filt]1 dri$ & subsequ5tly gr\nd 9 a pa9t-mill4 ,?ree p\nds ( ?is p[d] is mix$ ) t5 p\nds ( ,india-rubb]1 & heat$ f ?ree to five h\rs1 at a temp]ature ( #bfj to #bhj4 ,! rubb]1 accord+ to ! inv5tor1 w be f\nd completely cur$ or vulcaniz$1 & requires no free sulphur to be us$ 9 any "p ( ! process1 & no wa%+ ) alkali1 z d ! ord9>y mat]ials us$ = vulcaniz+4 ,h5ce x is alleg$ t ?is process is adapt$ to ! cov]+ ( silks & o!r delicate textures1 & color$ fabrics4 ,ano!r pat5t 0 grant$ = a comp\nd = vulcaniz+ ,india-rubb]4 ,! mode ( treatm5t is mu* ! same z ! la/1 & produces ! same results4 ,! mat]ial is ! artificial bi-sulphuret ( z9c4 ,! inv5tor claims ! use ( ?is composition )\t ! use ( sulphur 9 any "p ( ! process ( manufacture1 & ! wa%+ ) alkal9e solutions is n requir$1 & is n us$ 9 ?is mode ( manufacture4 ,fifty-n9?1 to ,f[l] ,m4 ,ray1 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #ah1 #ahej4 ,= vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] spr+s4 ,! 8claim0 z set =? 9 ! employm5t ( a r+1 or r+s1 or disks1 made ( any ( ! prep>ations ( ca\t*\c1 kn[n "u ! v>i\s appellations ( metallic or vulcaniz$ rubb]1 z a sub/itute = metal or o!r k9ds ( spr+s1 h]et(ore kn[n & us$1 :5 su* r+ or r+s1 or disk or disks1 or ! equival5t !re( are appli$1 9 mann] sub/antially z describ$1 :e!r made ( metal or o!r solid or non-ela/ic sub/ance4 ,also mak+ ! surfaces ( all or ei!r ( ! plates above & bel[1 & int]pos$ betwe5 ! ela/ic r+s or _! equival5ts1 or ! surfaces ( ! ela/ic r+s or o!r ( _! convex1 sub/antially 9 ! mann] & = ! purpose specifi$4 ,sixtie?1 to ,jona?an ,trott]1 ( ,new ,york1 ,dec4 #c1 #ahej4 ,= vulcaniz+ ,india-,rubb]4 ,! claim is ! use & employm5t ( z9c1 9 a mann] :]eby a hypo-sulphate or simil> prep>ation ( z9c is obta9$ 9 comb9ation ) ,india-rubb]1 = ! purpose ( cur+ or vulcaniz+ x1 sub/antially z set =? ) ! use ( free sulphur 9 any way 9 comb9ation ) ! rubb]4 ,sixty-fir/1 to ,jona?an ,t4 ,trott]1 ,new ,york1 ,janu>y #a1 #ahea4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]4 ,hav+ describ$ my improv$ process ( cur+ rubb]1 ,i w /ate :at ,i claim & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t4 ,:at ,i claim1 !re=e1 is ! use & employm5t ( z9c1 sub/antially z prep>$ by ! process above describ$1 9 comb9ation ) ,india-rubb]1 = ! purpose ( cur+ or vulcaniz+ x1 9 =m & mann] z h]e9 set =?1 )\t ! use ( free sulphur 9 any way 9 comb9ation ) ! rubb]4 ,sixty-second1 to ,david ,mc,curdy1 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j41 ,april #a1 #ahea4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]4 ,hav+ describ$ my inv5tion1 & ! be/ mode kn[n to me ( manufactur+ ! same1 :at ,i claim z my inv5tion1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ! comb9ation ( pota% ) rubb] & sulphur1 & submitt+ ! same to a high degree ( heat1 :]eby to produce ! *ange ^u rubb] kn[n z vulcaniz+4 ,sixty-?ird1 to ,james ,reynolds1 ,new ,york1 ,april #bb1 #ahea4 ,= improvem5t 9 ma*9es = gutta-p]*a tub+ & cov]+ wire4 ,:at ,i claim z my inv5tion1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ! use1 = ! purposes specifi$1 ( fe$-roll]s1 ,c1 ,c1 9 comb9ation ) ! /oma*1 ,g1 ,g1 hav+ a lip1 or m\?1 h1 arrang$ & op]at+ sub/antially z %[n & describ$4 ,sixty-f\r?1 to ,nelson ,goodye>1 ,new ,york1 ,may #f1 #ahea4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]4 ,i d n claim ! heat+ or cur+ process1 z x is t]m$2 t hav+ be5 pat5t$ by ,*>les ,goodye>4 ,:at ,i d claim z my inv5tion1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ! comb9+ ( ,india-rubb] & sulphur1 ei!r ) or )\t %ellac1 = mak+ a h>d & inflexible sub/ance1 hi!rto unkn[n1 sub/antially z h]e9 set =?4 ,& ,i also claim ! comb9+ ( ,india-rubb]1 sulphur1 & magnesia1 or lime1 or a c>bonate1 or a sulphate ( magnesia1 or ( lime1 ei!r ) or )\t %ellac1 = mak+ a h>d & inflexible sub/ance1 hi!rto unkn[n1 sub/antially z h]e9 set =?4 ,sixty-fif?1 to ,horace ,h4 ,day1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,n4 ,j41 ,may #bj1 #ahea4 ,= improvem5t 9 ,india-rubb] %oes4 ,hav+ describ$ ! advantages ( my improvem5t1 & ! be/ way kn[n to me ( manufactur+ ! same1 :at ,i claim z my inv5tion1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ! manufacture ( rubb] boots & %oes )\t clo?1 be+ made ( sep>ate pieces ( diff]5t degrees ( ela/icity1 & ea* piece hav+ its peculi> & requisite degree1 ! %oe to possess diff]5t degrees ( ela/icity 9 diff]5t p>ts1 & uni=m ela/icity 9 ea* diff]5t "p1 & hav+ no "p )\t "s ela/icity 9 e direction1 by ! means h]e9 describ$1 or any o!r sub/antially ! same1 :]eby ,i less5 ! co/1 obta9 a %oe n liable to break1 :i* c be kept clean1 /ret*$ 9 e direction at ! same "t1 easi] to ! foot1 adju/able to l>g] boots1 & yet n r5d]$ useless to we> ov] small]1 light & elegant1 & reta9 p]man5tly _! %ape4 ,sixty-six?1 to ,s4 ,t4 ,arm/rong1 ,new ,york1 ,june #bd1 #ahea4 ,= improvem5t 9 mak+ gutta-p]*a holl[ w>e4 ,:at ,i claim z my inv5tion1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 9 ! process above describ$1 is ! me?od1 z describ$1 ( m\ld+ articles ( gutta-p]*a1 or ! comp\nds ( gutta-p]*a ) o!r sub/ances1 by fir/ mak+ ! same 9 ! =m ( a pipe1 & :il/ 9 a p>tially heat$ & pla/ic /ate1 giv+ to x ! =m requir$ 9 a m\ld1 by =c+ a liquid inside to exp& ! gutta-p]*a1 z describ$4 ,sixty-sev5?1 to ,john ,ryd]1 ,new ,york1 ,june #a1 #aheb4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! process ( manufactur+ gutta-p]*a4 ,! claim is ! prep>ation ( gutta-p]*a = vulcaniz+ by a prelim9>y sep>ate heat+ ( x1 to su* a degree z to expel its volatile +r$i5ts1 :i* g5]ally c be effect$ at ! high temp]atures ( f #bhe to #dcj ,fah4 ,mr4 ,ryd] also claims ! process ( vulcaniz+ gutta-p]*a by fir/ heat+ x to a suffici5tly high temp]ature to expel all ! volatile +r$i5ts specifi$1 :i* x is believ$ c be done betwe5 #bhe & #dcj1 & !n incorporat+ ) x a hypo-sulphate1 ei!r alone or 9 comb9ation ) metallic sulphurets or :it+1 or magnesia1 or ) all ( !m toge!r1 & !n subject+ ! mixture to a temp]ature ( f #bhe to #cbj ,fah41 all ! /eps ( ! process be+ p]=m$ z set =?4 ,mr4 ,ryd] disclaims ! vulcaniz+ ( gutta-p]*a 9 all cases save :5 x has be5 prep>$ = ! vulcaniz+ op]ation by ! a=esaid prelim9>y heat+4 ,sixty-eigh?1 to ,fr$]ick ,bonn]1 ,v]a ,cruz1 ,mexico1 ,sept4 #g1 #aheb4 ,= pres]v+ ,india-rubb]4 ,! nature ( my discov]y1 is by apply+ ! be=e m5tion$ quantity ( ,campea*y salt1 or muriate ( soda1 to ! rubb]1 9 its sap /ate1 & t by s do+1 to prev5t putrefaction & f]m5tation ( ! juice1 to :i*1 m especially1 ,i conf9e ! claim ( my inv5tion4 ,sixty-n9?1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 ,octob] #ab1 #aheb4 ,= improvem5t 9 mak+ ,india-rubb] ,bat clo?4 ,! claim is pass+ ! bat or fleece cotton1 flax1 silk1 or o!r fibr\s sub/ance1 toge!r ) dissolv$ or s(t5$ ,india-rubb]1 gutta-p]*a or o!r vulcaniz$ gum1 or ! comp\nds or prep>ations !re(1 betwe5 cal5d]+ roll]s1 ) an ela/ic sub/ance int]pos$ betwe5 ! bat or fleece1 & "o ( ! roll]s z describ$1 or betwe5 ! glaz$ apron & "o ( ! roll]s1 sub/antially describ$4 ,sev5tie?1 to ,john ,l4 ,k+sley1 ,new ,york1 ,janu>y #ah1 #ahec4 ,= improvem5t 9 metallic gum composition4 ,! nature ( ?is inv5tion consi/s 9 ! process ( prep>+ & us+ compositions made by gr9d+ metals1 e>?s1 & o!r simil> mat]ials1 ) ! raw uncur$ gums ( gutta-p]*a & ca\t*\c 7,india-rubb]47 ,also claims--,! mak+ ( /]eotype m\lds1 & plates ( ! raw uncur$ gum1 comb9$ ) ! pulv]iz$ oxides ( iron & antimony1 or o!r equival5ts4 ,sev5ty-fir/1 to ,ri*>d ,solis1 ( ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 ,febru>y1 #ahec4 ,= ,india-rubb]4 ,i claim ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb] fabrics by ! mixture ( gr\nd or p[d]$ vulcaniz$ rubb]1 ) ! ord9>y ,india-rubb] ( comm]ce4 ,sev5ty-second1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,new ,york1 ,april #ab1 #ahec4 ,= improvem5t 9 manufactur+ articles compos$ ( gutta-p]*a4 ,?is inv5tion consi/s 9 us+ or employ+ s&1 pulv]iz$ soap/one1 pla/]1 or "s simil> granul> or pulv]iz$ or por\s matt]1 or m\lds made ( por\s sub/ances1 to su/a9 & keep ! =m ( m\ld$ or modell$ article compos$ ( ca\t*\c or its comp\nds1 & o!r gums1 dur+ ! process ( vulcanization1 9 prop] %ape & =m4 ,! ca\t*\c or o!r gums are tak5 9 a gre5 /ate1 & =m$ into ! exact %apes desir$1 !n cov]$ ) pulv]iz$ soap/one1 or o!r simil> granul> or adhesive p[d]2 !y are plac$ 9 a box & heat$ to #bjj or #cjj ,fahr5heit1 f ?ree to sev5 h\rs :5 ! articles are vulcaniz$4 ,sev5ty-?ird1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 & ,rob]t ,ha]+1 ( ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 ,april #ab1 #ahec4 7,assign]s to ,*>les ,goodye>47 ,pat5t$ 9 ,engl&1 ,m>* #d1 #ahea4 ,= manufactur+ ,india-rubb] & gutta-p]*a4 ,! art or me?od ( manufactur+ articles compos$ 9 "p ( ca\t*\c1 or o!r gums1 susceptible ( vulcanization1 by heat+ or vulcaniz+ ! same1 :5 surr\nd$ ) & press$ ^u1 ext]nally or int]nally by or m\ld$ 9 pulv]iz$ soap/one1 s&1 pla/]1 or o!r simil> granul>1 pulv]iz$ or por\s matt]1 or 9 m\lds ( pla/] or o!r por\s sub/ance1 z describ$4 ,sev5ty-f\r?1 to ,john ,l4 ,k+sley1 ,new ,york1 ,june #ad1 #ahec4 ,= improvem5t 9 m\ld+ gutta-p]*a ,/]eotype ,plates4 ,! nature ( ?is inv5tion consi/s 9 mak+ m\lds = /]eotyp+ ( ,india-rubb]1 or gutta-p]*a1 by mix+ ! gums ) ! metallic or e>?y sub/ances1 & by expell+ all air f ! m\ld :ile x is be+ fill$1 to r5d] ! ca/ 9 all respects p]fect4 7,! process w\ld require too l5g?y a description = ?is report47 ,! 8claim0 is ! process ( expell+ air f ! surface ( ! type :5 =m+ ! m\ld1 & f ! surface ( ! m\ld :5 =m+ ! plate4 ,also ! me?od ( dress+1 levell+1 or ?ick5+ ! m\lds & plates1 :5 made ( any comp\nds t run1 s t all plates made %all be inv>iably ( ! same ?ickness4 ,sev5ty-fif?1 to ,l5>do ,we/brook1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 ,july #ai1 #ahec4 ,= ,gutta-p]*a ,/]eotype ,composition4 ,an improvem5t on ! pat5t ( ,josiah ,w>r51 dat$ ,april #be1 #ahdf1 fir/1 ! comp\nd describ$1 ( %ellac1 plumbago or graphite1 asphaltum & gutta-p]*a1 treat$ by sulphate ( copp] & wat]1 z describ$1 z a sub/itute = type metal4 ,sev5ty-six?1 to ,h4 ,l4 ,novis1 7,assign] to ,s4 ,t4 ,arm/rong7 ,new ,york ,city1 ,july #bf1 #ahec4 ,pat5t$ 9 ,engl&1 ,febru>y #bd1 #ahec1 & 9 ,france1 ,m>* #ac1 #ahec4 ,= pres]v+ ,india-rubb] 9 ! liquid /ate4 ,mr4 ,novis claims ! comp\nd1 consi/+ ( ! native juice ( ! ca\t*\c1 ) aqua ammonia or ! equival5t !re(1 z set =?1 :5 said ammonia or its equival5t is mix$ ) said juice ( ! ca\t*\c 9 a liquid /ate1 by means ( :i*1 ! juice above nam$ is pres]v$ = a great l5g? ( "t1 & c be manufactur$ at less exp5se ?an ! ,india-rubb] ( comm]ce1 :i* is mix$ ) o!r =eign sub/ances4 ,& ,i also claim ! solid ela/ic article :5 manufactur$ f ! said composition ( matt] z describ$4 ,sev5ty-sev5?1 to ,john ,*ilcott1 & ,rob]t ,snell1 ,new ,york1 ,septemb] #ac1 #ahec4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ,boots & ,%oes4 ,! sole is made ( ?ree p>ts1 viz41 ! ,india-rubb] sole1 a lea!r l9+1 & a lea!r bord]1 or edge4 ,! ,india-rubb] sole is made small] ?an ! sole x is int5d$ to cov]1 & its edges are bevell$ (f ?9 all ar\nd2 ! lea!r l9+ is ( ! full size ( ! bottom ( ! boot or %oe1 & unit$ to ! upp] side ( ! ,india-rubb] sole by wat]-pro( adhesive mat]ial1 leav+ a m>g9 ( ! l9+ all ar\nd ! edge ( ! ,india-rubb] sole2 ! lea!r bord] or edge is ( ! same ?ickness z ! ,india-rubb] sole1 & ov]laps ! bevell$ portion ( x1 & is also bevell$ s ?9 t its out] face w be level ) ! out] face ( ! ,india-rubb]4 ,a solid sole is ?us made ( uni=m ?ickness1 :i* may be secur$ to a boot or %oe1 by sew+1 cem5t+1 or pegg+4 ,claim connect+ ! :ole or any portion ( ! sole ( a boot or %oe1 sub/antially z describ$1 ( ,india-rubb]1 ) its inside or edges cov]$ & protect$ by lea!r1 :i* is unit$ ) x by any wat]-pro( cem5t1 ) or )\t /it*+1 & =ms a h>d1 firm lea!r edge4 ,sev5ty-eigh?1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,new ,york1 ,octob] #aa1 #ahec4 ,= improvem5t 9 coat+ metals ) gutta-p]*a4 ,! nature ( ?is inv5tion consi/s 9 ! application ( 8ca\t*\c or gutta-p]*a0 :5 mix$ ) pulv]iz$ sulphur 7six or eight ounces ( sulphur to "o p\nd ( gum7 to ! surface ( metal4 ,! article cov]$ is subject$ to a high degree ( heat1 f #bfj to #cjj ,fahr5heit1 f ?ree to sev5 h\rs4 ,! h>d comp\nd cov]+ may !n be poli%$ & v>ni%$4 ,claim4--,! art or me?od ( coat+ articles compos$ :olly or 9 "p ( metal ) comp\nd ( ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a1 & subject+ ! same to a high degree ( artificial heat1 or ! process ( vulcanization1 sub/antially z specifi$4 ,sev5ty-n9?1 to ,l4 ,otto ,p4 ,mey]1 ,newton1 ,conn41 ,decemb] #bj1 #ahec4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ca\t*\c or o!r vulcanizable gums4 ,! nature ( ?is inv5tion consi/s 9 produc+ by means ( oil & o!r fatty sub/ances1 smoo? & glassy surfaces ^u ! mat]ial commonly kn[n z h>d comp\nd ( vulcaniz$ ca\t*\c1 or gutta-p]*a1 or o!r simil> gums1 :i* may be manufactur$ accord+ to ! process describ$ 9 lett]s pat5t grant$ to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ,may #f1 #ahea4 ,claim4--,! produc+ smoo? & glassy surfaces ^u h>d comp\nds ( ca\t*\c & o!r vulcanizable gums1 by means ( ! use ( oil1 or o!r equival5t sub/ances1 appli$ to ! surface ( ! prep>$ gum1 & betwe5 ! gum & ! plates or ! m\lds4 ,eightie?1 to ,william ,e4 ,rid] & ,john ,murphy1 ( ,new ,york4 ,= improvem5t 9 sulphuriz+ gutta-p]*a & l gums4 ,pat5t$ ,novemb] #g1 #ahed4 ,! improvem5t consi/s 9 ! removal ( sup]flu\s sulphur f ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a1 :5 x has be5 vulcaniz$ or is 9 ! act ( be+ vulcaniz$1 by fill+ ! vulcaniz+ ov5 ) hydrog5 gas dur+ ! heat+ process1 call$ ! cur+1 & all[+ ! gas to escape z fa/ z x becomes neutraliz$2 by :i*1 z ! inv5tor alleges1 ! aft] accumulation ( sulphur ^u ! surface ( said gums1 is prev5t$1 & consequ5tly ! necessity ( boil+ !m 9 cau/ic alkali1 entirely avoid$4 ,claim4--,! claim cov]s ! :ole gr\nd1 sub/antially z set =?4 ,no illu/ration4 ,eighty-fir/1 to ,george ,reynolds4 ,= improvem5t 9 composition = tann+4 ,pat5t$ ,dec4 #ai1 #ahed4 ,tw5ty hides ) ! hair on1 are /eep$ = six weeks1 9 ! foll[+ solution1 viz43 #a bu%el ( muriate ( soda1 #a bu%el ( alum1 & #f p\nds ( sulphuric acid1 dilut$ ) ?ree hog%ead ( wat]4 ,! hides are to be beam$1 & :5 /eep$ z /at$1 !y are remov$ & dri$1 & !n /uff$1 or rubb$ ) tall[ or oil1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,b ! hides are n /eep$ 9 tann+ liquor till f9i%$4 ,!y are calculat$ to be us$ = mocass9s1 c41 ) ! hair next ! p]son4 ,claim4--,! claim is conf9$ to ! composition /at$4 ,eighty-second1 to ,edw>d ,br[n4 ,= improvem5t 9 por\s ela/ic clo? = gait]s4 ,pat5t$ ,sept4 #bf1 #ahed4 ,?is improvem5t consi/s 9 cem5t+ betwe5 two pieces ( /ock+ fabric1 /rips ( ,india-rubb]1 or a %eet ( ,india-rubb] previ\sly p]=at$1 = ! purpose ( furni%+ a mat]ial p]vi\s to moi/ure4 ,claim4--,! above describ$ ela/ic fabric1 ! ,india-rubb] be+ conf9$ betwe5 two ?icknesses ( /ock+-"w1 9 ! mann] & = ! purpose set =?4 ,eighty-?ird1 to ,elias ,c4 ,hyatt & ,*ri/oph] ,mey]1 ( ,millt[n1 ,n4 ,j4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( boot & %oe-soles ( gutta-p]*a or ,india-rubb]4 ,pat5t$ ,janu>y #ag1 #ahed4 ,! mat]ial1 9 its pla/ic /ate1 is pass$ betwe5 two roll]s1 m>k$ #a & #b 9 ! engrav+1 s z to =m a cont9u\s %eet ( v>i\s ?icknesses 9 its diff]5t p>ts1 suitable = ! heel1 ! %ank1 & ! toe4 ,! ext]nal surface ( ! sole is =m$ by ,no4 #b--;a be+ a corrugat$ surface = ! toe p>ts1 c = ! heel "p1 & b a smoo? surface = ! %ank "p4 ,aft] ! cont9u\s %eet has be5 =m$ betwe5 ! roll]s1 x is cut up into pieces ( suitable wid? = soles4 ,! inv5tors say3 ,we are aw>e t ,india-rubb] has long s9ce be5 r$uc$ to %eets by roll+1 & t ! roll]s us$ = ?is purpose h sometimes be5 engrav$ to produce a figur$ surface1 analog\s to t (t5 connect$ to ! heels & =e p>ts ( %oes2 b ^! %eets h be5 sub/antially ( uni=m ?ickness1 v>y+ only 9 ! slight ind5tations1 c41 requir$ to produce an ornam5tal or figur$ surface4 ,?is we d n claim4 ,b we are n aw>e t ,india-rubb] has ev] be5 roll$ into %eets hav+ a sub/antial v>iety ( ?ickness 9 its diff]5t p>ts4 ,nor are we aw>e t %oe-soles1 hav+ ! prop] v>iety ( ?ickness1 h ev] be5 roll$ out1 or made 9 "o solid piece1 be=e our inv5tion2 nor 0 x kn[n t su* =ms c\ld be produc$1 z we h produc$ !m1 9 ,india-rubb]1 until our exp]im5ts practically illu/rat$ ! fact4 ,:at we claim1 !re=e1 z our inv5tion1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is-- #a/4 ,produc+ a %oe-sole1 or o!r analog\s manufacture1 9 ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a1 9 "o piece1 hav+ a v>iety ( ?icknesses 9 its diff]5t p>ts1 by ! use ( roll]s ^: surfaces pres5t ! rev]se ( ! =ms to be produc$1 at a s+le op]ation1 sub/antially z h]e9 describ$4 #b;d4 ,=m+ sol+ ( ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a1 ) %anks1 =e-p>ts1 & heels ( appropriat$ diff]5ces ( ?ickness 9 "o solid piece1 at "o op]ation1 z describ$--?us produc+ a useful1 economical1 & novel manufacture4 #c;d4 ,also1 =m+ su* sol+s1 or analog\s manufacture1 9 cont9u\s %eets1 at "o op]ation1 by roll+1 z describ$4 ,eighty-f\r?1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ( ,new ,hav51 ,conn4 ,= improvem5t 9 treat+ vulcanizable gums4 ,pat5t$ ,april #d1 #ahed4 ,! improvem5t & claims consi/ 9 ! me?od ( manufactur+ comp\nds ( ca\t*\c1 gutta p]*a1 & o!r gums susceptible ( vulcanization1 9 %eets1 by cov]+ ! surface or surfaces ( ! %eets ( gum ) %eets ( pap] or clo?1 or ! equival5t !re(1 & !n conf9+ ! same dur+ ! process ( vulcanization1 by pressure betwe5 plates ( metal or _! equival5ts1 or o!rwise1 sub/antially z describ$4 ,no illu/ration4 ,eighty-fif?1 to ,julius ,h]riet1 ,octob] #bd1 #ahed4 ,= improvem5t 9 gutta-p]*a ,/]eotype ,composition4 ,equal p>ts1 by weight1 ( gutta-p]*a or ca\t*\c1 & pulv]iz$ graphite1 or soap/one1 or pla/] ( ,p>is1 or *loride ( lime1 or p]oxide ( manganese1 or o!r equival5t1 are mix$ toge!r1 heat$1 & m\ld$ :ile hot4 ,! proportions may be v>i$ to suit ! desir$ s(tness or t\ghness ( ! mass4 ,! alleg$ qualities ( ! composition are pla/icity1 suffici5t h>dness to pres5t %>p-angle l9es & yet to resi/ pressure1 aptness to be rem\ld$1 & *eapness4 ,claim4--,! mak+ ( m\lds & plates1 = pr9t+ *>act]s or figures1 ( gutta-p]*a or ,india-rubb]1 comp\nd$ ) "s o!r sub/ance1 sub/antially su*1 & = ! purposes z describ$4 ,eighty-six?1 to ,h5ry ,=/rick1 ,hobok51 ,n4 ,j4 ,= work+ ov] vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]4 ,i claim ! mann] ( extract+ inorganic matt] f vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 gutta-p]*a1 & o!r gums or _! comp\nds1 by ! application ( dilut$ nitric acid & ! use ( fusel oil 7gra9 oil7 ei!r 9 a heat$ /ate1 mix$ ) ! gum1 or 9 ! %ape ( vapors1 = ! re/oration ( ! cleans$ gums to ! /ate ( cohesion4 ,eighty-sev5?1 to ,l4 ,otto ,p4 ,mey]1 ,febru>y #bh1 #ahed4 ,= improvem5t 9 vulcaniz+ ,india-rubb] & o!r gums4 ,! inv5tion or claim consi/s 9 ! heat+ or cur+ ( ! mat]ial commonly kn[n z ! h>d comp\nd ( vulcaniz$ ca\t*\c1 or o!r vulcanizable gums1 by means ( ! imm]sion ( ! mat]ial 91 or "u wat]1 or o!r suitable liquid1 heat$ to ab\t #cjj ,fah41 d>+ ! process ( cur+4 ,eighty-eigh?1 to ,ellswor? ,d4 ,s4 ,goodye>1 assignor to ! ,new ,york ,rubb] ,company1 ,m>* #bh1 #ahed4 ,= improvem5t 9 processes = treat+ ,india-rubb]4 ,! improvem5t ref]s to ! manufacture ( holl[ articles f ,india-rubb]1 & consi/s 9 fill+ su* w>e1 z balls1 c41 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ) wat]1 :i* be+1 dur+ ! process ( vulcanization1 conv]t$ into /eam1 ex]cises ! necess>y inside pressure to imp>t any desir$ patt]n to ! ext]ior face ( ! article4 ,claim4--,! introduction ( wat] or any o!r liquid into ! int]ior ( articles :i* require expansive =ce = _! p]fect =mation aga9/ ! int]ior surface ( m\lds1 said liquid to be conv]t$ into /eam1 sub/antially z1 & = ! purposes1 specifi$4 ,eighty-n9?1 to ,l4 ,otto ,p4 ,mey]1 ,april #d1 #ahed4 ,= improvem5t 9 treat+ ca\t*\c & o!r vulcanizable gums4 ,! int]pos+ betwe5 %eets ( gum1 c41 to be cur$1 %eets ( flexible mat]ial1 :5 ! s]ies ( %eets ?us pil$ are conf9$ betwe5 plates ( iron dur+ ! process ( vulcanization1 be+ disclaim$1 ! improvem5t & claim are re/rict$ to cov]+ ! surface ( :at is kn[n z ! h>d comp\nd ( ca\t*\c ) t9 foil1 or o!r equival5t sub/ances1 to pres]ve ! =m previ\sly giv5 by emboss+ or m\ld+1 ! contact ( ! t9 foil dur+ ! cur+ process hav+ ! effect to pres]ve ! =m & ! surface )\t pressure or m\lds4 ,n9etie?1 to ,julius ,a4 ,pease1 ,novemb] #ad1 #ahed4 ,= improvem5t 9 ov]-%oes4 ,! claim expla9s ! "* ( ?is inv5tion1 by ref]5ce to ! accompany+ figure4 ,a4 repres5ts ! ribs1 & ,b4 ! depressions betwe5 !m4 ,claim4--,mak+ ,india-rubb] or gum %oes ) ! inn] surface ribb$1 corrugat$1 or o!rwise made unev51 = ! purpose ( all[+ a circulation ( air betwe5 x & ! boot or %oe ov] :i* x is worn2 & ?is1 :e!r x be effect$ 9 ! precise mann] /at$1 or by l9+ ! %oe ) a simil> ribb$1 corrugat$1 or o!rwise rais$ & depress$ surfac$ fabric1 z describ$4 ,n9ety-fir/1 to ,john ,murphy1 ,may #cj1 #ahed4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! process ( treat+ gutta-p]*a4 ,! improvem5t ref]s to ! process ( re-heat+1 z pat5t$ to ,john ,rid]1 9 ,june1 #aheb1 & consi/s 9 mix+ two ounces ( sulphur ) t5 p\nds ( gutta-p]*a1 & heat+ ! latt] to ab\t #bhe ,fah41 prep>atory to ! regul> vulcanization2 ?is am\nt ( sulphur1 al?\gh n en\gh to vulcanize ! gum1 be+ alleg$ to s]ve ! purpose ( expell+ c]ta9 volatile +r$i5ts prep>atory !reto4 ,claim4--,incorporat+ ) gutta-p]*a1 sub/antially1 ! proportion ( sulphur1 or its equival5t1 h]e9 specifi$2 & !n subject+ x to su* a degree ( heat1 & = su* a l5g? ( "t1 z to expel !refrom its injuri\s volatilizable +r$i5ts1 prep>atory to vulcaniz+ ! gutta-p]*a ?us treat$1 or ( us+ x 9 ! condition t said process ( treatm5t puts x into4 ,n9ety-second1 to ,daniel ,haywood1 ,augu/ #bi1 #ahed4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]4 ,! improvem5t consi/s 9 ! use ( ! /eam-jacket bo? = ! m\ld & ! die employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb] goods1 & 9 ! sudd5 introduction ( cold wat] aft] ! hot /eam into ! jackets4 ,by ! fir/ device ! vulcaniz+ ( new articles is alleg$ to be m p]fect1 & ! remelt+ & rem\ld+ ( old1 worn-out ,india-rubb] to be r5d]$ atta9able4 ,by ! second device ! degree ( h>dness ( ! product1 or its adhesiv5ess on ! surface1 c be mod]at$ at pleasure4 ,! draw+s exemplify ! improvem5t z appli$ to manufactur+ buckets4 ,claim4--,! claim is conf9$ to rem\ld+ worn-out ,india-rubb] goods1 by ! means /at$4 ,n9ety-?ird1 to ,h5ry ,g4 ,ty] & ,john ,helm4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes4 ,pat5t$ ,m>* #bg1 #ahee4 ,! object ( ?is improvem5t is to produce a boot or %oe comb9+ ! qualities ( ,india-rubb] ) ! lightness & elegance atta9able by ! use ( o!r mat]ials1 & capable ( be+ re-sol$ :5 necess>y4 ,! upp] a & 9-sole ,b hav+ be5 cem5t$ toge!r1 p]=ations are made ar\nd & ?r\gh ! upp] a1 until ! cem5t$ surface ( ! 9-sole ,b has be5 pi]c$4 ,!n ^! holes are fill$ up ) cem5t1 & ! out] sole c prop]ly cem5t$1 is press$ ^u ! 9-sole4 ,if suffici5t /r5g? be us$1 slightly to sep>ate ^? sev]al p>ts ( ! sole1 see fig4 #b1 ! rubb] filam5t c be se5 9 ?reads ,h4 z repres5t$ 9 fig4 #b4 ,! inv5tors say1--we disclaim ! use or application ( ?is our device1 or inv5tion to any o!r matt] or ?+ ?an is describ$1 & set =?4 ,we claim ! unit+ ( ! out] sole & upp]1 manufactur$ :olly or 9 "p ( vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 ) ! 9-sole ( boots & %oes1 by means ( cem5t1 ! cem5t pass+ ?r\gh prep>ations made = t purpose 9 ! upp]1 9 ! mann] sub/antially & = ! purpose describ$4 ,n9ety-f\r?1 to ,john ,m4 ,wimley1 7,assignor to ,j4 4 ,b4 ,%aw71 ,june #ab1 #ahee4 ,an improvem5t 9 atta*+ gutta-p]*a soles to ,boots & ,%oes4 ,! melt$ gutta-p]*a is fill$ into m\ld ,a1 up to ! rim ,b1 & ! %oe plac$ !reon & firmly press$ d[n1 until ! sides ( ! %oe come 9 contact all ar\nd ) ! rim ,b4 ,! gutta-p]*a is =c$ into1 & ?r\gh ! holes purposely made1 ?r\gh ! 9-sole & edges ( ! upp]4 ,! inv5tor says1 ,i am aw>e t ,india-rubb]1 aft] be+ cut out1 & %ap$ l a sole1 has be5 unit$ to ! 9-sole & upp]1 by means ( an int]m$iat+ cem5t1 caus$ to p5etrate holes made 9 ! 9-sole & upp]1 b ,i d n claim ?is1 nor d ,i claim unit+ gutta-p]*a & lea!r = any o!r purpose ?an t ( manufactur+ boots & %oes z be=e describ$4 ,b ,i claim manufactur+1 or mak+ boots & %oes1 ) ! out] sole made entirely ( gutta-p]*a1 :5 ! said out] soles are simultane\sly =m$ & unit$ to ! upp] & 9-sole1 by means ( heat & pressure 9 a m\ld sub/antially z describ$ & set =?4 ,n9ety-fif?1 to ,s4 ,t4 ,p>melee1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 ,july #ag1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 atta*+ metallic heels to ,india-rubb] soles4 ,! ,india-rubb] is vulcaniz$ aft] hav+ be5 fill$ )9 ! metallic cas+4 ,x c\ld n be done aft] ! vulcaniz+1 z vulcaniz$ rubb] _c be r5d]$ suffici5tly s(t4 ,! inv5tor claims hav+ ! metallic r+s or cas+s =m$ ) recesses arrang$ 9 any prop] way1 s t ! s(t or ela/ic ,india-rubb] mix$ ) ! prop] vulcaniz+ mat]ials1 may be fitt$ !re91 & ! rubb] & r+s or cas+s be p]man5tly lock$ toge!r1 by subject+ ! rubb] to /eam heat1 & vulcaniz+ x :5 fitt$ )9 ! rims or cas+s = ! purpose z set =?4 ,n9ety-six?1 to ,john ,ar?ur1 & ,evan ,ar?ur1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 ,july #bd1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 ,ma*9e = cutt+ boot & %oe upp]s1 soles1 c41 f %eets ( ,india-rubb]4 ,aft] describ+ ! ma*9e ! pat5tees set =? ! foll[+ z _! ,claim4--#a/4 ,! cutt+ or sep>ation ( ,india-rubb] by plac+ x on a wet clo?1 or o!r suitable moi/5$ surface1 & submitt+ x to ! pressure ( a heat$ die1 hav+ an edge ( ! =m ( ! article to be cut1 sub/antially z set =?4 #b;d4 ,! comb9ation ( "o or m reciprocat+ die-frames1 ea* c>ry+ a set ( dies ) a /ove1 & ) c>ry+ & press+ app>atus1 to c>ry ! %eet or piece ( rubb]1 s t ! dies by _! reciprocat+ movem5t1 may be c>ri$ into ! /ove to be heat$1 & !n return to cut or /amp out ! patt]n or article f ! piece z set =?4 #c;d4 ,! me?od ( rais+ ! die-frames to c>ry ! dies on _! return movem5t t[>ds ! /ove4 ,provid+ p9s = ! ends ( ! die-frames to /rike aga9/1 to ?r[ up ! opposite ends c>ry+ ! dies4 #d?4 ,! sw++ frame ) its f+]s1 arrang$ & op]at+ to conduct ! po9ts or ends ( ! patt]ns1 z soon z !y are cut or sep>at$ betwe5 ! roll] ^u :i* ! cutt+ is p]=m$1 & ano!r roll] by :i* !y are at once prev5t$ curl+ x1 & are convey$ along t[>ds :]e !y are deliv]$ f ! ma*9es4 ,n9ety-sev5?1 to ,edw9 ,b4 ,l>*>1 ,baltimore1 ,md41 ,july #bd1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 mak+ gutta-p]*a boats4 ,claim4--,! me?od ( mak+ a safety boat or o!r vessels ( gutta-p]*a mix$ glue1 s t ! air *amb]s or o!r p>ts1 if sep>ately =m$1 may toge!r ) ! boat body1 be s unit$ & complet$ at "o pressure1 t if ! braces1 ?w>ts1 knees1 support]s1 or o!r accessories to ! boat prop]1 are solid1 ! :ole1 ) ! inn] & out] =ms1 may be made or complet$ toge!r at "o "t1 & at "o pressure1 z describ$4 ,n9ety-eigh?1 to ,william ,f4 ,conv]se1 ,h>rison1 ,ohio1 ,april #ag1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 ,india-rubb] spr+s4 ,n9ety-n9?1 to ,sigismund ,be]1 assignor to ,lewis ,feu*tuang]1 & ,sigismund ,be]1 ,new ,york1 ,may #bi1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 de-vulcaniz+ ,india-rubb]4 ,claim4--,! re/oration ( ca\t*\c1 gutta-p]*a or o!r simil> gums1 :i* h und]gone ! process ( be+ cur$ or vulcaniz$1 s t ^? gums may be capable ( be+ us$ aga9 z a sub/itute = native gums1 may be capable ( be+ us$ aga9 z a sub/itute = native gums ( l "*1 or 9 comb9ation ) su* gums1 by fir/ treat+ ! vulcaniz$ gum ) alkalies1 or comp\nds ( alkalies & oils1 z pota% ) any common grease or oil1 = extract+ ! sulphur1 c41 & !n submitt+ ! mass to heat & turp5t9e1 or any o!r liquid kn[n to be a solv5t ( ! gum 9 its natural condition4 ,"o hundr$?1 to ,francis ,bas*nagel1 ,new ,york1 ,aug4 #ad1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 compositions = treat+ rubb] & gutta-p]*a4 ,claim4--,! conv]sion or re/oration ( ca\t*\c or gutta-p]*a1 :e!r !y h be5 vulcaniz$ or n1 into a s(t1 pla/ic1 & workable /ate1 7by a new comb9ation ( *emical ag5ts7 s t !y may be re-manufactur$ 9 a /ate already vulcaniz$ or n1 accord+ z ! sub/ance conv]t$ or re/or$ _h or _h n be5 vulcaniz$2 ! sub/ances :i* ,i use = ?is purpose be+ bi-sulphuret ( c>bon 9 conjunction ) alcohol absolute1 & n common alcohol1 )\t ! addition ( any o!r *emical ag5t2 & )\t ! application ( heat4 ,"o hundr$ & fir/1 to ,james ,we/1 ,octob] #cj1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 ro(+ compositions4 ,! proportions are3 ,sixte5 ounces nap?a1 half an ounce ( ,india-rubb]1 half an ounce ( %ellac1 & half an ounce ( gutta-p]*a dissolv$ 9 l9se$ oil1 gum %ellac dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 two ounces 8puzzolan0 7compos$ ( pulv]iz$ glass17 quick lime pulv]iz$ & sift$1 & two ounces ( smalt4 ,claim4--,! use ( lime 9 comb9ation ) ! rubb]1 gutta-p]*a1 & %ellac solutions 9 ! composition1 z set =?4 ,! solution ( rubb]1 gum-%ellac1 gutta-p]*a1 & ! nap?a1 are to be w>m$ to blood heat1 !n ! 8puzzolan0 to be mix$ !re)1 & imm$iately to be appli$ to ! ro( & rubb$ smoo?2 !n ! smalt is to be sift$ on4 ,"o hundr$ & second1 to ,*>les ,rice & ,sylvanus ,h4 ,:orf1 ,nov4 #ac1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 la/+ & apply+ soles to %oes4 ,! sole & ! upp] are fir/ plac$ toge!r ^u a la/ ,a1 ! upp] be+ made to ov]lap ! out] surface ( ! 9-sole1 & affix$ !reto by cem5t4 ,! :ole be+ ?us prep>$1 is next plac$ )9 ! clamp+ b$1 ,b1 & ! p>ts ( ! latt] clos$2 next ! platt5 ( ! press is to be depress$1 s z to c>ry ! pun*es4 ,claim4--,! hold+ clamp1 ,b1 & la/1 ,a1 z us$ toge!r1 & 9 connection ) ! press+ or pun*+ me*anism1 or bo?1 = ! purpose ( fix+ soles to %oes by cem5t1 sub/antially z set =?4 ,"o hundr$ & ?ird1 to ,*>les ,rice & ,sylvanus ,h4 ,:orf1 ,nov4 #bj1 #ahee4 ,= improv$ ma*9e = prep>+ lea!r = ! manufacture ( boots & %oes4 ,claim4--,! above describ$ me*anism1 or ma*9e1 = prep>+ lea!r = ! manufacture ( boots & %oes1 ! :ole be+ arrang$ & made to op]ate1 sub/antially 9 ! mann]1 & = ! purpose set =?4 ,"o hundr$ & f\r?1 to ,h4 ,g4 ,ty] & ,john ,helm1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 ,jan4 #b1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 processes = mak+ ,india-rubb] clo?4 ,?is improvem5t consi/s 9 subject+ ! clo?1 :i* has be5 previ\sly coat$ ) a lay] ( ,india-rubb]1 sudd5ly to a degree ( heat f #adj to #ahj ,fah4 ,by ?is sudd5 application ( heat :ile ! goods are /ill 9 a gre51 undri$ /ate1 ! camph5e us$ 9 ! cem5t evaporat+ v rapidly1 & leaves ! gum punctur$ ) m9ute orifices1 :i* are too small to all[ ! passage ( globules ( wat] ?r\gh !m1 b are l>ge en\gh = ! passage ( air ?r\gh !m4 ,claim4--,! peculi> mode1 s describ$1 ( prep>+ ! upp]s ( boots & %oes4 ,"o hundr$ & fif?1 to ,*>les ,morey1 citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 resid+ at ,p>is1 ,france1 ,jan4 #i1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 re-work+ h>d rubb] comp\nds4 ,! mat]ial is plac$ 9 an iron m\ld clos$ & subject$ to a p[]ful pressure4 ,x is !n plac$ betwe5 two r$-hot iron plates1 & ?us aga9 introduc$ into ! press4 ,:5 ! m\ld is suffici5tly hot1 x is put into cold wat] until x has become cool4 ,! sold]+1 aft] ! article is tak5 f ! m\ld1 is p]=m$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! brok5 p>ts are scrap$ (f2 du/ ( h>d vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] is introduc$ betwe5 ! scrap$ p>ts2 ! :ole is submitt$ to a high degree ( heat & pressure1 :]eby ! brok5 p>ts are unit$ 9 a p]fect mann]4 ,claim #a/4--,=m+ or m\ld+ scrap+s1 fil+s1 du/1 p[d]1 or %eets ( h>d vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 into a compact1 solid mass1 by means ( a high degree ( heat & pressure1 z above describ$4 ,second4--,! application ( du/ p[d]1 fil+s ( h>d vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb] = sold]+ or unit+ h>d vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]4 ,"o hundr$ & six?1 to ,h5ry ,g4 ,ty] & ,john ,helm1 ,jan4 #cj1 #ahee4 ,= improvem5t 9 processes = mak+ ,india-rubb] clo?4 ,! ,india-rubb] comp\nd1 79 a pla/ic /ate7 is introduc$ at ,c1 betwe5 cyl9d]s #a & #b1 z x passes betwe5 ! said cyl9d]s1 & adh]+ to cyl9d] #b1 is c>ri$ r\nd & d[n until x comes ne>ly 9 contact ) cyl9d] #c1 :5 ! end ( roll ( clo? ,a is ins]t$ betwe5 cyl9d]s #b & #c1 & ! comp\nd is press$ ^u & into ! clo? by ! action ( ! cyl9d]s4 ,:5 ! clo? & comp\nd ?us unit$ on "o side h pass$ r\nd cyl9d] #c until !y h h become ne>ly 9 contact ) cyl9d] #d1 ! end ( ! clo? f roll] ,b is ins]t$ betwe5 cyl9d]s #c & #d s z to come 9 contact ) ! comp\nd on clo? ,a4 ,! two pieces ( clo?1 ) ! comp\nd betwe5 !m1 !n pass betwe5 cyl9d]s #c & #d1 :5 ! two pieces ( clo? become firmly unit$ ) ! comp\nd4 ,claim4--,! process describ$ ( mak+ ela/ic fabrics )\t a previ\s prep>ation ( ?reads1 /rips1 or %eets1 or ! coat+ ( ! clo? by cem5t4 ,"o hundr$ & sev5?1 to ,sylvanus ,h4 ,:orf1 assignor to himself & ,*>les ,rice1 ,jan4 #h1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes4 ,! inv5tor says3 8,i d n claim unit+ ! sole to ! upp] by means ( cem5t1 made to ext5d ?r\gh ! upp] alone1 b :at ,i d claim z my improvem5t1 is ! manufacture ( a %oe by cem5t+ its sole & upp] 9 ext5d+ ! cem5t n only ?r\gh p]=ations 9 ! upp]1 b 9 & ?r\gh ! p]=ations made 9 & ?r\gh ! 9-sole or ! out] sole1 or bo?1 ! same pres5t+ great advantages1 n only 9 secur+ ! p>ts toge!r1 b 9 r5d]+ !m wat]-pro( :5 ! cem5t employ$ is ( a "* to resi/ wat]40 ,"o hundr$ & eigh?1 to ,g4 ,ty] & ,john ,helm1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 ,jan4 #i1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 mak+ gum-ela/ic clo?4 ,claim4--,an ela/ic fabric compos$ ( pieces ( clo? ei!r wov5 ) ! ?reads ( ! weft 9 a diagonal position to ! ?reads ( ! w>p or ( common clo? /ret*$ s z to =ce ! ?reads into su* relative diagonal position1 comb9$ & caus$ to adh]e toge!r1 exclusively by vulcaniz$ comp\nd ( ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a1 ! two pieces ( clo? be+ fir/ unit$ by ! vulcanizable comp\nd & ! comp\nd be+ vulcaniz$ aft] ! union4 ,"o hundr$ & n9?1 to ,sylvanus ,h4 ,:orf & ,*>les ,rice1 ,m>* #d1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! application ( soles to boots & %oes1 by means ( pressure1 & gutta-p]*a or o!r cem5t4 ,! nature ( ?is inv5tion w be und]/ood by ref]5ce to ! claim4 ,! ma*9e = press+ ! sole to ! upp] is illu/rat$ 9 ! engrav+1 :]e ,h repres5ts a holl[ la/1 into :i* /eam c be introduc$ by means ( pipe ,i2 & ! sole c be press$ to ! upp] by means ( ! press+ app>atus & ! platt5 ,c4 ,claim4--,we are aw>e t a gutta-p]*a sole has be5 appli$ to a %oe by melt+ gutta-p]*a 9 a m\ld & subsequ5tly press+ ! %oe !re94 ,we1 !re=e1 d n claim su*4 ,we are also aw>e t 9 book-b9d]s' presses1 & 9 smoo?+ irons1 ! platt5 ( ! "o1 & ! body ( ! o!r1 h be5 provid$ ) an air-*amb] = ! reception ( ei!r /eam or heat$ air1 or o!r means ( heat+4 ,we1 !re=e1 d n claim su*4 ,z we use heat n = ei!r dry+ or smoo?+ alone1 b = a diff]5t purpose1 & 9 a process ( manufacture :]e9 x has n be5 be=e appli$1 to our k1 9 ! way 9 :i* we employ x1 be+ us$ by u = s(t5+ or melt+ gutta-p]*a1 aft] x has be5 appli$ to a la/1 z specifi$2 & !re=e we claim our improvem5t 9 ! process ( manufactur+ & f9i%+ %oes ) ei!r gutta-p]*a soles1 or soles =m$ ( lea!r or o!r mat]ial1 & unit$ to ! upp] & 9-sole by means ( gutta-p]*a or its equival5t1 & ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( press+ me*anism1 z specifi$1 our improvem5t consi/+ 9 supply+ heat )9 a la/ by means ( a *amb] & pipe & /eam or means ( heat+ said la/1 ! same n only enabl+ ! gutta-p]*a ( ! sole to be s(t5$ or r5d]$ adhesive :ile x is be+ press$ ^u ! 9-sole & upp]1 b also s]v+ to smoo? & f9i% ! upp]1 z describ$4 ,"o hundr$ & t5?1 to ,ri*>d ,mc,mullin1 ,m>* #ag1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 processes = mak+ ela/ic rubb] clo?4 ,claim4--,r5d]+ vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]1 = ! manufacture ( %irr$ goods1 adhesive by boil+ x 9 a solution ( pota%1 to remove ! sulphur f its surface1 ?us fitt+ ! %eet ( rubb] to receive a coat ( cem5t1 :]eby x is caus$ to adh]e firmly to ! clo?1 or o!r fabric betwe5 :i* x is plac$1 9 ! mann] & = ! purposes sub/antially z h]e9 set =?4 ,"o hundr$ & elev5?1 to ,john ,h4 ,*eev]1 ,m>* #aa1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb] belt+ or b&+4 ,"o hundr$ & twelf?1 to ,*>les ,f4 ,crockett1 ,june #ag1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 mak+ %eets ( lea!r f curri]s' %av+s or buff+s4 ,! inv5tor says3 8,i d n wi% to conf9e myself to any p>ticul> k9d ( cem5t1 al?\gh ,i f\nd ,india-rubb] cem5t to answ] ! be/ purpose4 ,curri]s' glass is a good in/rum5t to press ! edges toge!r40 ,claim4--,mak+ %eets ( lea!r ( any desir$ size & ?ickness ( curri]s' %av+s or buff+s1 by lapp+ & cem5t+ !m toge!r :ile 9 a moi/ /ate1 & !n subject+ ! mass to pressure4 ,"o hundr$ & ?irte5?1 to ,na?aniel ,hayw>d1 ,col*e/]1 ,ct41 ,april #ae1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb]4 ,"o hundr$ & f\rte5?1 to ,na?aniel ,hayw>d1 ,col*e/]1 ,ct41 ,may #f1 #ahef4 ,= process ( prep>+ ela/ic ,india-rubb] clo?4 ,claim4--,! produc+ an ela/ic fabric ( uni=m /r5g? by unit+ a %eet ( rubb] ) %eets ( clo? ?9ly coat$ on "o side ) a vulcaniz$ comp\nd ( rubb]2 ! %eet ( rubb] be=e x is unit$ ) ! %eets ( clo? be+ 9 ! modes set =? s prep>$ t ! c5tral "p ( x is completely vulcaniz$1 :ile ! surfaces are n4 ,"o hundr$ & fifte5?1 to ,a4 ,d4 ,puff]1 ,som]ville1 ,mass41 ,may #bj1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 l9+ metal pipes ) gutta-p]*a4 ,"o hundr$ & sixte5?1 to ,james ,reynolds1 ,new ,york1 ,june #af1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 ,m&rels = mak+ gutta-p]*a tub+4 ,"o hundr$ & sev5te5?1 to ,au/9 ,g4 ,day1 ,seym\r1 ,ct41 ,june #aj1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 clean+ ,india-rubb]4 ,"o hundr$ & eighte5?1 to ,james ,reynolds1 ,new ,york1 ,june #aj1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 fe$ app>atus = work+ gutta-p]*a4 ,"o hundr$ & n9ete5?1 to ,james ,reynolds1 ,new ,york1 ,july #bi1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 gutta-p]*a app>atus = cov]+ wire4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5tie?1 to ,william ,f4 ,%aw1 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 ,augu/ #ab1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 treat+ ,india-rubb]4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-fir/1 to ,jacob ,h4 ,h[ell1 ,ansonia1 ,ct41 ,oct4 #ba1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 mak+ ,india-rubb] hose4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-second1 to ,h5ry ,=/rick1 ,hobok51 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #bh1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 work+ ov] vulcaniz$ ,india-rubb]4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-?ird1 to ,na?aniel ,hayw>d1 ,nov4 #d1 #ahef4 ,= improv$ cat* = ,india-rubb] %oes4 ,claim4--,! use ( a /eel rubb] or o!r k9d ( spr+ cat* ( any prop] %ape1 9 ! heel ( an ,india-rubb] ov] %oe or clog1 hav+ a projection or lip ext5d+ out horizontally or ?r\gh ! qu>t] z specifi$1 :]eby ! ov] %oe is prev5t$ f slipp+ at ! heel1 & is susceptible ( be+ dis5gag$ f ! "u boot or %oe )\t us+ ! h&s4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r?1 to ,t4 ,gault1 ,seym\r1 ,ct41 ,nov4 #aa1 #ahef4 ,= process ( clean+ ,india-rubb]4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-fif?1 to ,h5ry ,dav5port1 ,new ,york1 ,dec4 #bc1 #ahef4 ,= improvem5t 9 ma*9es = cutt+ ,india-rubb] ?reads4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-six?1 to ,james ,reynolds1 ,new ,york1 ,dec4 #i1 #ahef4 ,= mode ( mak+ gutta-p]*a cord4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5?1 to ,*>les ,goodye>1 ( ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 ,june #ae1 #ahdd4 ,re-issu$ ,decemb] #be1 #ahdi1 9 two sep>ate pat5ts1 be+ ,nos4 #aef & #aeg ( re-issu$ ,pat5ts1 viz4 ,= ,india-rubb] fabrics4 ,no4 #aef4 ,,processes ,,= ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,india-,,rubb]4 ,i claim ! cur+ ( ca\t*\c or ,india-rubb] by subject+ x to ! action ( a high degree ( artificial heat1 sub/antially z describ$ & = ! purpose specifi$4 ,& ,i also claim ! prep>+ & cur+ ! comp\nd ( ,india-rubb]1 sulphur1 & a c>bonate ( o!r salt or oxyd ( lead by subject+ ! same to ! action ( artificial heat1 sub/antially z describ$4 ,no4 #aeg4 ,,felt+ ,,india-,,rubb] ,,) ,,cotton ,,fibre4 ,i claim incorporat+ ! fibres ( cotton or o!r sub/ance ) ,india-rubb] by prep>+ ! fibres ( a fleece or bat ( cotton or o!r fibr\s sub/ance into a %eet ( ,india-rubb] 9 ! gre5 /ate1 )\t subject+ ! fibres1 aft] !y h be5 incorporat$ to a /ret*+ or draw+ op]ation1 sub/antially z describ$4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-eigh?1 to ,james ,reynolds1 ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,= ,ma*9e = mak+ gutta-p]*a pipes & cov]+ telegraph wires4 ,?is inv5tion is = ! purpose ( =m+1 tub+1 or coat+ wires--bo? op]ations be+ sub/antially alike--by =c+ ! gutta-p]*a1 :ile r5d]$ pla/ic by heat1 ?r\gh a die4 ,! necess>y pressure = ?is purpose is appli$ by a pi/on work+ 9 a cyl9d]1 9 :i* ! mat]ial is plac$ & kept heat$1 or by o!r suitable =c+ app>atus4 ,"o improvem5t consi/s 9 connect+ ! cyl9d] ) an air pump1 or o!r suitable exhau/+ app>atus1 :]eby any air rema9+ 9 ! said cyl9d] aft] x has be5 fill$ z full z possible ) gutta-p]*a & clos$1 may be extract$ be=e apply+ ! pressure4 ,! manufactur$ article is ?us r5d]$ free f bl[ holes1 & is p]fectly firm4 ,?is is a result ( great importance = small tub+ & ! cov]+ ( f9e wire4 ,a second improvem5t consi/s 9 arrang+ ! die & core by :i* ! tube is produc$ or ! cov]+ ( ! wire p]=m$1 9 a position transv]se to ! direction 9 :i* ! pi/on works to produce ! pressure1 to all[ a holl[ core to be us$ = ! admission ( air into ! tube z fa/ z x is =m$1 & also to prev5t x f collaps+ by ! =mation ( a vacuum )94 ,! same arrangem5t also p]mits ! passage ( ! wire ?r\gh ! die :5 x is be+ cov]$ by ! p]*a4 ,a ?ird improvem5t consi/s 9 provid+ ! /oma* 9 :i* ! die is plac$1 ) an op5+1 to all[ ( ! con/ant escape ( a c]ta9 quantity ( mat]ial dur+ ! op]ation4 ,by ?is means ! quality ( ! manufactur$ article is r5d]$ m uni=m4 ,)\t su* an arrangem5t x is almo/ impossible to produce small tub+ or cov] f9e wire ) any degree ( uni=mity ( ?ickness4 ,a f\r? improvem5t consi/s 9 ! employm5t ( a cont9u\sly revolv+ tr\gh ( wat]1 suitably arrang$ to receive ! tube or cov]$ wire z fa/ z x leaves ! die1 & coil x up 9 ! wat] to cool x1 to prev5t ! coils f /ick+ toge!r4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-n9?1 to ,?omas ,c4 ,wales1 ( ,dor*e/]1 ,mass41 ,febru>y #b1 #aheh4 ,= ,wat]-pro( ,gait] ,%oes & ,boots4 ,i d n claim ! vulcaniz+ process1 nor d ,i claim mak+ articles ( clo? cem5t$ toge!r ) rubb] cem5t & aft]w>ds vulcaniz+ !m1 nor d ,i claim mak+ %oes p>tly ( lea!r & p>tly ( clo?1 ! same be+ made by connect+ ! lea!r & clo? toge!r by wat] pro( ca\t*\c cem5t1 z su* :5 made p>tly ( lea!r _c be vulcaniz$1 ow+ to ! fact t ! great heat requir$ 9 ! vulcaniz+ process1 injures or de/roys ! lea!r4 ,i claim a new or improv$ manufacture1 or wat]-pro( vulcaniz$ rubb] & clo? gait] %oe1 made 9 mann] & ) its ext]nal lay] ( clo?1 & its l9+ ( clo? arrang$ toge!r1 & ) respect to ! rema9d] or rubb] p>ts or fox+1 sub/antially z specifi$4 ,"o hundr$ & ?irtie?1 to ,edw9 ,m4 ,*affee1 ( ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i41 ,febru>y #bf1 #aheh4 ,= ,india-rubb] ,door ,mat4 ,i d n int5d to conf9e myself to ! loz5ge cells1 z x is obvi\s t squ>e & "s o!r =ms w d z well4 ,nei!r d ,i int5d to conf9e myself to ribs or ridges int]sect+ ea* o!r1 z x is evid5t t ridges =m+ v>i\s figures w answ] mu* ! same purpose1 su*1 = in/ance1 z run circul>1 p>allel1 s]p5t9e1 zig-zag or angul>1 or any o!r rais$ surface ( rubb]4 ,nor d ,i conf9e myself to rubb] alone z ! only gum1 z gutta-p]*a1 & o!r gums may be sub/itut$ = x4 ,i claim ! mat z =m$ by ridges or grat+1 toge!r ) ! cells or spaces1 ( :atev] =m1 ! "o to s]ve z scrap]s to clean ! foot1 & ! o!r to conta9 ! dirt1 :e!r ( rubb]1 gutta-p]*a1 or o!r flexible gums4 ,"o hundr$ & ?irty-fir/1 to ,gu/avus ,cupp]s1 ( ,college ,po9t1 ,n4 ,y41 ,july #bj1 #aheh4 ,= manufacture ( ,h>d ,rubb] ,goods4 ,i wi% to h x di/9ctly und]/ood t ,i d n claim z my inv5tion ! heat+ or cur+ process1 z x is call$1 nor ! comb9ation ( ,india-rubb] & gutta-p]*a ) sulphur1 nor any o!r comb9ation already pat5t$ & describ$4 ,b ,i claim ! improvem5t 9 ! h>d5+ or cur+ process ( ca\t*\c or ,india-rubb] & ( gutta-p]*a1 by :i* articles1 w>es1 goods & m]*&ize may be manufactur$ into any desir$ size1 =m or %ape1 sub/antially z describ$4 ,"o hundr$ & ?irty-second1 to ,abraham ,br[]1 ( ,new ,york ,city1 ,july1 #aheh4 ,= ,wat]-pro( ,cem5t4 ,i am aw>e t wat]-pro( compositions = lea!r consi/+ ( tall[1 suet1 wax1 ros91 t>1 oil1 & ,india-rubb] h be5 employ$2 ^! ,i d n claim ( !mselves1 s+ly or comb9$4 ,i am n aw>e1 h[ev]1 ( %ellac or glue ev] hav+ be5 employ$ 9 unctu\s wat]-pro( compositions = lea!r2 b ^! ,i d n claim ( !mselves 9 my composition1 ap>t f ! o!r +r$i5ts1 z all are requir$ comb9$1 to r5d] x s excell5t = ! purposes set =?4 ,:at ,i claim is1 ! composition compos$ ( all ! +r$i5ts describ$1 & 9 ab\t ! proportions = ! purpose set =?1 ! same con/itut+ an improv$ new & useful article ( manufacture4 ,by a judici\s comp\nd ( tall[1 bees-wax1 res91 %ellac & glue1 ! inv5tor produces a v sup]ior wat]-pro( composition1 ! lea!r rema9s s(t & pliable1 w take a poli%1 & repel wat] v p]fectly4 ,"o hundr$ & ?irty-?ird1 to ,au/9 ,g4 ,day1 ( ,seym\r1 ,conn41 ,augu/ #aj1 #aheh4 ,= treatm5t ( ca\t*\c4 ,i d n claim 9 ! broad1 vulcaniz+ rubb] or equival5t gums1 & irrespective ( ! special process us$ & product made4 ,!re=e-- ,:at ,i claim is1 runn+ ! heat = vulcaniz+ ela/ic h>d rubb] comp\nds z set =? ?r\gh ! sev]al grades ( temp]ature1 & ! sev]al int]vals ( "t describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! specification4 ,i also claim mak+1 z describ$1 ! ela/ic1 h>d rubb] composition ( two p>ts by weight ( rubb]1 & "o "p ( sulphur1 :5 su* composition is made prep>atory to ! runn+ ( ! heat ?r\gh ! sev]al grades ( "t & temp]ature z set =? 9 ! specification4 ,i also claim equaliz+ ! temp]ature 9 ! heat+ app>atus by me*anical means or by a curr5t ( /eam1 or its equival5t1 9 ! mann] set =?4 ,"o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r?1 to ,samuel ,:itm>%1 ( ,nor?ampton1 ,mass4 ,= ,composition = ,artificial ,lea!r4 ,i d n claim1 broadly1 ! saturation ( clo? & o!r fabrics 9 l9se$ oil conta9+ umb] or o!r sub/ances4 ,b :at ,i claim is ! fabric specifi$1 compos$ ( cotton or o!r fibr\s sub/ance1 9 a wov5 or unwov5 condition1 saturat$ or coat$ ) a comp\nd ( l9se$ oil & burnt umb] t has be5 prep>$ z describ$4 ,samuel ,:itm>%1 ( ,nor?ampton1 ,mass41 has inv5t$ a new fabric :i* is int5d$ to supply ! place ( lea!r 9 _m ( its applications4 ,! fabric is compos$ ( cotton or o!r fibr\s sub/ances ei!r wov5 into clo? or 9 an unwov5 /ate1 & saturat$ or coat$ ) a comp\nd ( l9se$ oil & burnt umb]1 prep>$ by boil+ 9 e gallon ( oil ab\t ?ree p\nds ( umb] 9 a p[d]$ /ate1 = su* a l5g? ( "t1 t ! composition :5 cool w roll 9 ! h&s )\t /ick+4 ,! fabric may be made 9 =ms suitable = ! soles ( boots & %oes1 cov]+s = trunks1 travel+ bags1 cap fronts1 or z a sub/itute = c>riage or h>ness lea!r1 or = ma*9e belt+ or hose pipe4 ,! mode ( produc+ ! fabric diff]s to "s ext5t accord+ to ! use = :i* x is design$1 b ! g5]al pr9ciples are 9 all cases ! same4 ,! umb] is /irr$ into ! boil$ oil until x rea*es ! po9t desir$1 :5 x is ready to be appli$ 9 ! mann] be/ calculat$ to produce special articles4 ,"o hundr$ & ?irty-fif?1 to ,o4 ,s4 ,boyd51 & ,m4 ,c4 ,fr$]icks1 ( ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 ,= ,composition = v>ni%+ lea!r4 ,we claim ! employm5t 9 ! comp\nds us$ 9 ! manufacture ( glaz$1 japann$1 or pa9t$ lea!r1 clo?1 silk1 & pap]--ei!r :olly or 9 "p z a sub/itute = camph5e or spirits ( turp5t9e--( a pa/e made ( ! glut9\s prop]ties ( flax se$1 sub/antially z & = ! purposes set =?4 ,! comp\nds commonly employ$ = ! fir/1 or fir/ & second coats1 9 ! manufacture ( glaz$ or japann$ lea!r or clo?1 is made by boil+ a c]ta9 quantity ( umb] 9 l9se$ oil1 & add+ a quantity ( lampblack or o!r color+ matt] ) a quantity ( camph5e or spirits ( turp5t9e1 ab\t equal to "o & a half times t ( ! l9se$ oil4 ,o4 ,s4 ,boyd51 & ,m4 ,c4 ,fr$]icks1 ( ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 h inv5t$ an improvem5t on ! above composition1 :i* consi/s 9 ! sub/itution ei!r :olly or 9 "p = ! camph5e or spirits ( turp5t9e 9 ! comp\nd1 ( a pa/e made by boil+ flaxse$1 ei!r :ole or aft] ! oil has be5 express$1 & ei!r gr\nd into meal or ungr\nd1 9 wat] till its glut9\s prop]ty is extract$4 ,! use ( ?is pa/e z a sub/itute = camph5e & spirits ( turp5t9e n only r$uces ! co/ ( ! comp\nd1 b also r5d]s ! goods m pliable1 & less likely to crack4 ,"o hundr$ & ?irty-six?1 to ,francis ,bas*nagel1 ( ,bev]ly1 ,mass41 assignor to ! ,bev]ly ,rubb] ,company4 ,= re/or+ wa/e vulcaniz$ rubb]4 ,i claim ! application ( heat f #aej to #fjj ,fahr5heit1 to wa/e vulcaniz$ rubb] ) or )\t imm]s+ x 9 cold wat] or any o!r cool+ fluid z specifi$ = ! purpose ( re/or+ ! same1 s t x may be us$ aga9 9 ! manufacture ( ,india-rubb] goods & sub/ances1 h]eby expressly disclaim+ all & e "r to ! application ( artificial heat to new rubb]1 vulcaniz$ or n vulcaniz$1 & to ! application ( heat to rubb] 9 any mann] & = any purpose except z above set =?4 ,,descriptive ,,index ,,( ,,*emical ,,pat5ts ,,issu$ ,,by ,,! ,u4 ,s4 ,,pat5t ,,(fice1 ,,9 #ahee-f4 ,! foll[+ is an epitome ( ! *emical pat5ts issu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahee-f4 ,x 0 prep>$ by ,dr4 ,daniel ,bre$1 ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,pat5t (fice4 ,india-rubb] ,clo?4--,made p]vi\s to air b n to wat] by sudd5 dry+ 7( fre% cem5t7 at #afj ,fahr5heit1 7evaporation ( camph5e makes ! gum por\s73 ,h4 ,g4 ,ty]1 & ,john ,helm1 ,janu>y #b4 ,india-rubb] & ,gutta-p]*a4--,vulcaniz$ or n1 r5d]$ pla/ic by treatm5t ) 8bi-sulphurate0 ( c>bon 787 & absolute alcohol3 ,francis ,bas*nagel1 ,augu/ #ad4 ,india-rubb] ,clo?4--,made by press+ clo? ^u ea* side ( %eet-rubb] by means ( roll]s3 ,h4 ,g4 ,ty]1 & ,john ,helm1 ,janu>y #cj4 ,india-rubb]4--,scraps & p[d] ( h>d1 vulcaniz$1 m\ld$ & cem5t$ by heat & pressure3 ,*>les ,morey1 ,janu>y #i4 ,india-rubb]1 ,vulcaniz$4--,treat$ ) alkalies & oil to remove sulphur3 ,sigismund ,be]1 ,may #bi4 ,india-rubb]4--,cru%$1 wa%$1 treat$ ) pota%1 or soda1 9 vacuum1 & wa%$ to purify3 ,a4 ,g4 ,day1 ,june #aj4 ,india-rubb] ,%eet4--,) surfaces n vulcaniz$1 unit$ to clo?3 ,na?aniel ,hayw>d1 ,may #f4 ,india-rubb]4--,surface ( vulcaniz$ made r\gh1 !n coat$ ) cem5t1 & heat$ to #bce to r5d] adhesive3 ,na?aniel ,hayw>d1 ,april #ae4 ,india-rubb]4--,treatm5t ( sulphur$ rubb] ) dry+ oils2 or common rubb] ) sulphur$ oils3 ,wm4 ,f4 ,%aw1 ,augu/ #ab4 ,india-rubb]4--,treatm5t ( vulcaniz$ ) nitric acid & fusel oil1 to purify & r5d] adhesive3 ,h5ry ,=/rick1 ,octob] #bh4 ,india-rubb]4--,boil+ 9 pota% to remove sulphur f ! surface ( vulcaniz$ & r5d] adhesive3 ,ri*>d ,mc,mullin1 ,m>* #ah4 ,,book ,v4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,tann+4 ,! sci5ce or art ( ,tann+ is ! process by :i* ! animal hide or sk9 is conv]t$ into lea!r1 ?us r5d]+ x subs]vi5t to ! use ( man4 ,! art ( tann+ 9 its mo/ simple =m 0 kn[n to antiquity1 & consi/$ simply 9 ! dry+ & cleans+ ! sk9s1 :i* 7 !n conv]t$ into articles ( clo?+4 ,?us us$1 !y answ]$ b a tempor>y purpose1 z ! re-absorption ( moi/ure w\ld spe$ily cause !m to decay4 ,! ,egyptians 7 among ! e>lie/ tann]s ( :om we h any def9ite acc\nt1 & ,!bes 0 ju/ly celebrat$ = its artific]s 9 lea!r4 ,b unlike mo/ ( ! arts 9 :i* ! ,egyptians excell$1 !y d n seem to h rea*$ an equal degree ( skill 9 ! prep>ation ( lea!r1 al?\gh x 0 wr\ght by !m into tape/ry1 & made to subs]ve v>i\s useful purposes4 ,9 lat] times ?is useful art has be5 r$uc$ to sci5tific pr9ciples1 ow+ to ! inve/igations ( ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 ,sequ9 ,pr\/1 & o!rs4 ,lea!r consid]$ *emically is a comp\nd ( tann9 & gelat9e1 possess+ ! qualities ( durability1 pliability1 & insolubility 9 wat]4 ,! important elem5ts 9 ! manufacture ( lea!r are1 fir/1 cleans+ & s(t5+ ! sk9s4 ,second1 ! depilation or removal ( ! hair4 ,lime is pr9cipally us$ = ! latt] purpose1 al?\gh any ag5t :i* possesses ! p[] to s(t5 or de/roy ! roots ( ! hair1 & facilitate its removal is equally desirable4 ,! process ( depilation ) lime is sl[1 & tann]s h yet to le>n t practically !re are o!r *emical processes :i* w greatly facilitate x4 ,hydrosulphuret ( calcium is recomm5d$4 ,! great secret ( tann+ consi/s 9 s prep>+ ! cuticle or por\s surface ( ! hide z t ! gluey or gelat9\s tissue %all unite ) ! tann94 ,?is is produc$ by imm]s+ ! sk9s 9 an infusion ( oak b>k1 or o!r sub/ances conta9+ tann94 ,!re=e any process :i* w op5 ! pores ( ! unhair$ sk9s s t !y become light & spongy & ?us facilitate ! union ( ! tann9 ) ! tissue ( ! sk91 is desirable4 ,! "n ( tan takes its orig9 f a co>sely p[d]$ b>k1 :i* conta9s ! active pr9ciple 9 ! tann+ process4 ,! compon5t is call$ tann94 ,to ,segu91 a celebrat$ ,fr5* *emi/1 ! discov]y ( a prop]ty 9 nut-galls ( comb9+ ) ! album5 & gelat9e ( sk9s1 ?us =m+ an insoluble & unalt]able comp\nd1 is due4 ,?is is ! key to ! !ory ( tann+4 ,morfit's def9ition ( ! pr9ciple is1 8to saturate a sk9 ) tann9 9 su* a mann] z to promote ! sl[ comb9ation ( ?is pr9ciple ) ! gelat9e1 album5 & fibr9e conta9$ 9 ! =m]1 s z to =m ) !m a new comp\nd4 ,?is reaction1 9 ! op]ation ( tann+1 does n proce$ spontane\sly1 b is ! result ( a sl[ process1 requir+ great c>e & skilful manipulation40 ,tann9 exi/s 9 ! b>k ( ! trunks ( ne>ly all p]5nial trees1 & especially t portion ( ! b>k next to ! fibre & sap wood4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! leaves ( trees 9 small quantities4 ,! oak-tree b>k1 leaves & fruit1 conta9 a l>g] am\nt ( tann9 ?an any o!r tree species 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! b>k is usually ga!r$ f ,may to ,july1 z dur+ ^? & ! int]v5+ mon?s !y conta9 m tann9 ?an dur+ ! o!r portions ( ! season4 ,!re are v>i\s k9ds ( oak 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 all ( :i* yield a l>ge am\nt ( tann94 ,!re is a species ( oak :i* gr[s 9 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 kn[n by ! "n ( ,spani% ,oak1 :i* is sup]ior = its tann9 prop]ties4 ,! rock-*e/nut oak1 ! black & :ite oaks1 & ,spani% oak1 are consid]$ ! mo/ valuable1 & are us$ almo/ exclusively by ! manufactur]s ( lea!r 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! wood ( almo/ e tree1 ! b>k ( :i* conta9s tann91 is also useful = ! same purpose4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( tann94 ,! pure tann9 & ! impure tann9 is a g5]ic t]m = ! diff]5t v>ieties4 ,x 0 a long "t be=e tann9 0 sep>at$ 9 a pure /ate4 ,x is s intimately comb9$ ) o!r extractive matt] t x 0 ) difficulty sep>at$4 ,*emi/s give u f\r v>ieties4 ,natural tann91 compris+ sev]al species1 orig9at+ f ! diff]5t proportions ( extractive & gallic acids4 ,also ?ree k9ds ( artificial tann91 obta9$ by ! action ( nitric acid ^u *>coal2 also ^u indigo & ! v>i\s res9s2 also t obta9$ by ! action ( sulphuric acid ^u ! res9s & camphor4 ,! be/ k9ds ( hides suitable = tann+ into lea!r are ^? ( heif]s4 ,! l>ge ox hides are ^? :i* are us$ *iefly = conv]sion into sole lea!r4 ,! sk9s ( horses1 c[s1 bulls1 & buffaloes1 are us$ = ?ick sole lea!r4 ,= upp]1 ?91 & ! v>i\s fancy lea!rs1 ! sk9s ( small animals1 dogs1 %eep1 goats1 seals1 c4 ,! quality ( ! lea!r dep5ds ^u sev]al circum/ances2 ! nature ( ! sk91 its condition 9 cur+1 ^u ! me?od ( tann+1 also ! nature ( ! food ^u :i* ! animal f$1 & its heal?9ess4 ,hides f cattle slaught]$ 9 cold wea!r are said to produce five p] c5t4 m lea!r ?an :5 tak5 9 ! w>m mon?s4 ,dry hides produce m lea!r ?an salt$ hides4 ,= ! production ( #dj p\nds ( lea!r1 ! av]age is e/imat$ #cj p\nds ( dry hide--#fj p\nds ( salt$1 or #gd p\nds ( m>ket hide4 ,l>ge supplies ( sk9s are import$ f ,bu5os ,ayres1 ,brazil1 ,cali=nia1 & ,texas4 ,%eep sk9s are receiv$ f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope & ,bu5os ,ayres2 goat sk9s f ,b>b>y2 lamb & kid f ,italy4 ,v few hides1 comp>atively1 are obta9$ at home4 ,9 ord] to =m "s idea ( ! ext5t ( ! lea!r trade1 z repres5t$ 9 ! tann+ e/abli%m5ts1 a few figures w enable ! read] to judge4 ,!re are1 accord+ to ,morfit1 #f1bfc ,tann]ies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! l>ge/ numb] be+ 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,^! unit$ly employ #bj1iji p]sons1 & 9 :i* bus9ess is inve/$ ! sum ( #ah1ijj1eeg4 ,! value ( ! products is #cb1hfa1gif4 ,ab\t #f1jjj1jjj sk9s ( %eep1 goats & o!r small animals1 are tann$ & dress$ annually1 :i* are n includ$ 9 ! above e/imate4 ,! ,sci5tific ,am]ican1 9 allud+ to ,morfit's excell5t "w on ! 8,arts ( ,tann+10 _h ! foll[+ notice :i* we "h ins]t3 8,9 look+ ov] ?is book1 & read+ ! diff]5t plans = improv+ lea!r1 & = r$uc+ ! "t occupi$ 9 tann+ a sk9 or hide1 we are m & m conv9c$ ( ! important fact t ! tann+ art has be5 greatly improv$ by mod]n discov]ies & application--a contr>y op9ion to t held by ! univ]sal mass ( ! p4 ,we "k x is v difficult to introduce new plans ( tann+1 = tann]s are1 l o!rs1 w$d$ to old ?+s2 ?us ! roll+ ( lea!r--an op]ation n[ g5]ally practic$--0 oppos$ ) mu* bitt]ness by "s ( our mo/ exp]i5c$ tann]s1 "o ( :om said #8he nev] w\ld roll a hide :ile he liv$1' an ass]tion :i* he wisely liv$ ei!r to =get or repudiate4 8,! :ole sci5ce ( tann+ dep5ds on two pr9ciples1 "o ! removal ( ! hair f ! sk91 ) ! lea/ injury to ! gelat9\s matt] ( :i* x is compos$1 & ! o!r is ! r5d]+ ( ! sk9 insoluble 9 wat]1 & to resi/ ! action ( ! atmosph]e1 & yet be flexible4 ,! hair c be remov$ by lime1 sweat+1 & o!r means1 b ! employm5t ( a sub/ance or sub/ances t w comb9e ) ! gelat9e ( ! sk9 to =m a new sub/ance1 insoluble 9 wat] & incapable ( be+ injuri\sly act$ ^u by ! atmosph]e1 (f]s a wide field = ! hi/orian ( ! tann+ art1 & pres5ts a subject = ! /udy ( e tann] at lea/ 9 our c\ntry4 ,! art ( tann+ 0 kn[n1 we suppose1 be=e ! flood2 x is practis$ among all nations1 civiliz$ & savage1 & ! gi/ ( x lies 9 soak+ ! sk9s 9 diff]5t solutions ( v>i\s vegetable sub/ances ( an a/r+5t "*1 until ! tann+ juices ( ^? sub/ances h comb9$ ) ! :ole sk9 & r5d]$ x a new sub/ance nam$ lea!r4 ,oak & hemlock b>ks1 sumac1 will[1 blackb]ries1 cate*u1 k9o1 c41 are employ$4 ,^? :o wi% to get an acc\nt ( ! v>i\s processes & sub/ances employ$1 mu/ consult ?is book4 8,we h only ano!r rem>k to make1 x is ?is1 we h nev] kn[n any ( ! metallic solutions to be employ$ 9 tann+1 & f _! nature1 9 r5d]+ "s vegetable sub/ances insoluble1 we believe t x w\ld be wor? ! tr\ble = "s ( our tann]s to make a few exp]im5ts4 ,we w\ld recomm5d ! *loride ( t92 x is made by fe$+ drop-t9 into muriatic acid until eff]vesc5ce ceases4 ,! way to try x w\ld be to make up a solution ( x 9 a tub ( cold wat]1 until x /ood ab\t #a 9 ! hydromet]2 ! sk9 %\ld h und]gone ?r\gh ! :ole tann+ process be=e x is plac$ 9 ?is solution1 9 :i* x %\ld lie ab\t two h\rs1 & be /irr$ up two or ?ree times4 ,aft] ?is x %\ld be well wa%$ 9 cold wat]1 & !n f9i%$ 9 a milk-w>m wat] ba?1 :5 x w be ready = dry+4 ,x is our op9ion t a sup]ior lea!r w\ld be produc$ by ?is addition to any ( ! pres5t processes40 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,tann+ ,,& ,,! ,,tann+ ,,woods ,,( ,,am]ica4 ,! foll[+ lett] 9 #ahea 0 address$ by ,dr4 ,reid1 ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 to ,dr4 ,gale1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t (fice1 respect+ ! art ( ,tann+1 & ! v>i\s sub/ances :i* are1 or may be us$ 9 ! processes4 ,x is a v able & elaborate docum5t1 & w be f\nd to conta9 n only facts1 b important sugge/ions :i* mu/ be valuable to all int]e/$ 9 tann+4 ,,dr4 ,,gale--,de> ,sir3 ,z a *emi/ int]e/$ 9 ! discov]y ( new *emical facts1 & z an ,am]ican citiz5 9 ! developm5t ( all bran*es ( indu/ry ( our common c\ntry1 p]mit me to call y\r att5tion to ! foll[+ rem>ks & sugge/ions4 ,= two ye>s & a half pa/ ,i h be5 engag$1 m or less ( ! "t1 9 ! inve/igation & developm5t ( an improv$ sy/em ( tann+1 f\nd$1 z ,i flatt] myself1 ^u a m correct k ( ! *emical aff9ities & qualities ( ! v>i\s sub/ances us$1 & ( ! processes employ$ 9 mak+ lea!r4 ,! art ( mak+ lea!r embraces two species ( op]ation1 viz41 ! *emical & me*anical3 ! fir/ includes all ! *anges produc$ 9 ! raw hide1 by means ( o!r sub/ances appli$ to x1 till x becomes lea!r4 ,! second1 all ! physical labor exp5d$ ^u x1 :e!r by manual tools or ma*9]y4 ,! fir/ is by f> ! mo/ ess5tial & important1 & yet x is t :i* is lea/ und]/ood by practical tann]s4 ,= ! want ( *emical k !y are1 9 a great degree1 incapable ( und]/&+ & appreciat+ ! *emical ph5om5a daily pass+ be=e _! eyes2 h5ce improvem5t 9 ! art ( lea!r-mak+ has be5 v sl[3 & ^? improvem5ts :i* h be5 attempt$ belong *iefly to ! tools & ma*9]y employ$4 ,v few tann]s h ev] v5tur$ ^u an improvem5t 9 ! *emical bran* ( _! art2 & :5 !y h1 _! suppos$ inv5tions or discov]ies 7 9 direct contradiction ( *emical laws1 & ( c\rse 7 impracticable & soon ab&on$3 z1 = in/ance1 pat5ts h be5 tak5 out = ! use ( pota% & soda a%1 dissolv$ 9 ! tan liquor or ooze4 ,"o man1 a few ye>s s9ce1 actually obta9$ a pat5t = ! susp5sion ( bags ( a%es 9 ! tan vats4 ,if he 7 a tann] he mu/ h kn[n1 :at e practical tann] kn[s1 t lime1 rema9+ 9 ! hide1 prev5ts ! process ( tann+1 besides mak+ bad lea!r2 b he did n "k t lime & pota% 7 bo? alkalies1 & t tann9 0 an acid1 & t alkalies & acids neutralize ea* o!r1 & !re=e = 8 purpose1 incompatible1 or he nev] w\ld h made su* an absurd mi/ake4 ,= ! la/ fifty ye>s1 ne>ly all ! improvem5ts1 real or suppos$1 t h be5 pat5t$1 7 *iefly = tools or ma*9]y1 = ! purpose ( exp$it+ ! me*anical labor necess>ily employ$1 b ! discov]y & improvem5ts :i* ,i h be5 inve/igat+ app]ta9 solely to ! *emical processes ( tann+4 ,!y 7 fir/ propos$ by ,h>mon ,hibb>d1 to :om lett]s pat5t 7 grant$1 z y are already aw>e2 & ) :i* improvem5ts1 & ! *emical pr9ciples on :i* !y are f\nd$1 y are famili>1 hav+ giv5 !m a c>eful & pati5t exam9ation p5d+ 8 application = a pat5t4 ,b x is n my purpose to discuss ^! topics n[1 & ,i w dismiss ?is "p ( my subject by a quotation f ,dr4 ,ure1 & by (f]+ a rem>k or two !reon4 ,9 8 diction>y ( ! ,arts1 ,dr4 ,ure says3--8,v>i\s m5/rua h be5 propos$ = ! purpose ( exp$it+ & improv+ ! process ( tann+2 among o!rs1 lime-wat] & a solution ( pe>la%2 b ^! two sub/ances =m comp\nds ) tann91 :i* are n decomposable by gelat9e2 x foll[s t _! effects mu/ be prejudicial4 ,!re is v little reason to suppose t any bodies w be f\nd1 :i*1 at ! same "t t !y increase ! solubility ( tann9 9 wat]1 w n likewise dim9i% its attraction = sk940 ,n[ ! v objects "h suppos$ by ,dr4 ,ure to be unatta9able1 are lit]ally & p]fectly accompli%$ by ,hibb>d's me?od1 viz41 a m5/rum has be5 f\nd 8= exp$it+ & improv+ ! process ( tann+10 & t1 too1 by 8increas+ at ! same "t bo? ! solubility ( tann9 & its attraction = gelat9e or sk920 by means1 also1 s simple1 direct & obvi\s1 t x is wond]ful t s le>n$ a *emi/ z ,dr4 ,ure %\ld n himself h made ! discov]y4 ,b ,i come n[ to ! pr9ciple object 9 view 9 ?is communication4 ,dur+ ! exp]im5ts & inve/igations above allud$ to1 my att5tion has be5 direct$ to two important bran*es ( ! manufacture ( lea!r4 ,fir/4 ,! *emical pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! sev]al processes ( mak+ ! v>i\s k9ds ( lea!r1 :e!r x be 9 8taw+10 z 9 mak+ kid glove lea!r1 or 9 oil dress+1 z 9 mak+ bucksk9 & *amois lea!r1 or 9 tann+ prop]1 z 9 mak+ morocco1 upp] & sole lea!r4 ,second4 ,! v>i\s species & qualities ( ! tann9 mat]ials us$1 viz41 ! b>k ( hemlock1 sev]al v>ieties ( oak1 ,am]ican & ,sicily sumac1 & t]ra japonica3 ^! embrace ! *ief k9ds us$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is to ?is latt]--! mat]ials = tann+--t ,i wi% m p>ticul>ly to call y\r att5tion4 ,we greatly ne$ bo? a qualitative & quantitative analysis ( ! sev]al k9ds ( sub/ances us$ = tann+1 especially ( ! hemlock b>k--( ! :ite1 black1 r$1 ,spani%1 *e/nut1 oak1 & o!r v>ieties ( ! ,qu]cus2 also ( ! ,am]ican & ,sicily sumacs1 & ( cate*u or t]ra japonica4 ,we h _m native trees & %rubs1 ( ^: b>ks an analysis might prove to be some?+ m ?an m]e sci5tific curiosities4 ,a writ] 9 "o ( our sci5tific j\rnals ass]ts t ! b>k ( ! *e/nut conta9s m tann9 ?an oak1 & m color+ matt] ?an logwood ( equal weights & qualities4 ,on :at au?ority he makes ?is /atem5t1 ,i "k n1 b if ! fact be s1 x %\ld be e/abli%$ & kn[n4 ,i am n ignorant t ,sir ,humphrey ,davy & o!r di/+ui%$ =eign *emi/s h inve/igat$ ?is subject to consid]able ext5t1 b ! b>ks & sub/ances exam9$ by !m 7 n our indig5\s products2 besides1 s9ce _! day1 bett] & m accurate me?ods ( analysis h be5 discov]$1 s t ev5 _! exp]im5ts ne$ revision1 & _m ( _! conclusions may ne$ correction4 ,accord+ to ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 t]ra japonica conta9s ab\t #ed p] c5t4 ( tann91 & is equal 9 tann9 prop]ties1 to #f or #g lbs4 ( ,engli% oak b>k1 & to ?ree lbs4 ( ,sicily sumac4 ,! tann]s ( ?is c\ntry consid] ,am]ican sumac z possess+ only half ! am\nt ( tann9 ( ! =eign & import$ article2 & x is wor? only half z mu* p] ton3 h5ce x w\ld require #f lbs4 ( x to equal #a lb4 ( t]ra japonica or cate*u1 & is1 !re=e1 equal 9 tann+ to ,engli% oak b>k4 ,b ! hemlock ( ?is c\ntry has probably d\ble ! am\nt ( tann9 t ! :ite oak ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates has2 h5ce x holds a middle rank betwe5 ,sicily sumac & t]ra japonica1 & w\ld consequ5tly require #d or #e lbs4 ( x to equal "o ( ! latt]4 ,b ! quality ( ! tann91 or r ! quality ( ! lea!r produc$ by ^! diff]5t k9ds ( tann+ mat]ials1 is a matt] ( q z mu* importance z ! relative or absolute quantity ( tann+ conta9$ 9 ea* ( !m4 ,:ile t]ra japonica possesses ! greate/ quantity ( tann91 x is consid]$ z produc+ ! mo/ inf]ior quality ( lea!r4 ,s hemlock1 :i*1 except+ ! ,sicily sumac1 possesses ! next highe/ quantity1 produce ! next wor/ quality ( lea!r2 :ile ! oaks1 :i* are ! l[e/ 9 ! scale ( quantity1 af=d ! mo/ sup]ior 9 quality4 ,& al?\gh ! ,am]ican & ,sicily sumacs may be consid]$ to be on a p> ) ! oaks1 z to quality1 yet ! same law seems to hold ) respect to ea* o!r2 t is1 ! ,am]ican sumac1 :i* possesses only ab\t half ! am\nt ( tann91 makes a bett] quality ( lea!r ?an ! ,sicily sumac4 ,n[ pure tann9 is probably ! same 9 all cases1 !n :y ?is great div]sity ( quality 9 ! lea!r8 ,a c>eful *emical analysis ( ! sub/ances us$1 w\ld det]m9e ! "q2 b1 9 ! abs5ce ( su* analysis1 we readily & p]haps correctly conjecture1 t v diff]5t vegetable gums1 res9s1 acids1 extracts1 c41 mu/ be comb9$ ) ! tann9 9 ^! sev]al tann+ mat]ials1 :i* be+ also soluble 9 wat]1 comb9e 9 "s way ) ! gelat9e ( ! hide z well z ! tann91 & become fix$1 al?\gh none ( !m c\ld alone be made to unite ?us p]man5tly ) ! hide4 ,x becomes1 !re=e1 a matt] ( mu* importance to ! tann] to "k :at ^! sev]al vegetable products are :i* are comb9$ ) ! tann9 ( ea* species ( b>k1 or sub/ance us$ = tann+1 & z !y are n m]ely useless1 b injuri\s1 to "k h[1 if possible1 he may get rid ( !m4 ,among ^! products1 !re is 9 hemlock b>k a l>ge am\nt ( res9 or pit*1 a small portion ( :i*1 h[ev]1 is soluble1 unless v hot wat] is us$ 9 lee*+ ! b>k2 b 9 all b>ks !re is1 besides extractive or color+ matt]1 a l>ge am\nt ( acetite ( pota%1 :i* is ne>ly z soluble z tann9 itself1 & :i* is always lee*$ out ( ! b>k & =ms a "p ( ! tan liquor or ooze 9 :i* ! tann] /eeps 8 hides4 ,t ! pota%1 :i* ab\nds 9 all b>ks1 is lee*$ out1 is evid5t f ! fact1 t a%es1 obta9$ f burn+ ! lee*$ b>k ( tan y>ds1 w n af=d a ley suffici5tly /rong to make soap4 ,! same ?+ is true ( wood t has be5 long soak$ 9 wat]4 ,! black oak or ,qu]citron--! ,qu]cus ,t9etosia :i* is s valuable = its color+ prop]ties1 is among ! ri*e/ ( b>ks 9 tann91 & makes ! be/ quality ( lea!r1 b x is g5]ally abhorr$ by tann]s1 & avoid$ 9 ! fir/ /ages ( tann+4 ,x ab\nds 9 a ri*1 deep yell[ precipitate1 :i* atta*es itself1 l pa9t1 s t5aci\sly to ! surface ( ! hides1 t ! tann9 p5etrates v sl[ly4 ,b by ! ,hibb>d process ( tann+1 ! hydro*loric acid us$ decomposes & neutralizes bo? ! pota% & color+ matt]s lee*$ out ( ! b>k1 9 a great degree1 s t ! process ( tann+ is m rapid1 & ! color ( ! lea!r mu* fair] & m beautiful1 besides x1 ! lea!r1 be+ t\gh] & m pliable4 ,"h !n1 9 ! analysis ( our indig5\s b>ks1 is a field l>ge en\gh to give useful & honorable employm5t to all ! fir/ *emi/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,n possess+1 myself1 ei!r ! "t1 skill1 or requisite means to pursue ?is subject1 b believ+ t y possess$ !m all1 9 addition to a ta/e & zeal = su* pursuits1 ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty to pres5t ^? views & sugge/ions = y\r consid]ation4 ,!re are o!r matt]s connect$ ) ?is subject :i* belong r to ! comm]cial & agricultural bus9ess ( ! c\ntry1 b are n :olly devoid ( int]e/ to ! naturali/ & *emi/4 ,i allude to ! quality & quantity ( tann+ mat]ials z produc$ & influ5c$ by latitude1 locality1 & climate4 ,9 ! ,ea/]n1 ,nor!rn1 & ,we/]n ,/ates ! quality & quantity ( tan b>ks are f> inf]ior to ^? ( ! ,middle1 ,s\!rn1 & ,s\?-we/]n4 ,! facilities & natural res\rces ( ! ,s\? = manufactur+ lea!r1 ov] ^? ( ! ,nor?1 z f> exce$s ^? ( ! latt]1 z ! actual am\nt ( lea!r & %oes manufactur$ by ! ,nor? exce$s ^? manufactur$ by ! ,s\?4 ,! ,s\?1 9 fact1 ought to furni% ! ,nor? ) lea!r2 & %\ld1 moreov]1 produce all ! sumac ne$$ = home consumption1 bo? = dye+ & tann+1 ( :i* we n[ import l>ge quantities4 ,by procur+ f ! coa/ ( ! ,m$it]ranean ! be/ v>ieties ( sumac1 viz41 ! ,rhus ,coriana & ! ,rus ,cot9us--! =m] us$ *iefly 9 tann+1 & ! latt] 9 dye+1 ! ,s\? might gr[ en\gh 9 a few ye>s = export1 & f9d x a pr(itable bran* ( indu/ry4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,practical ,,h9ts ,,on ,,tann+4 ,! ,hon4 ,zadock ,pratt1 "o ( ! l>ge/ ,tann]s 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 has giv5 "s v valuable in=mation conc]n+ ! v>i\s tann+ processes :i* 8 exp]i5ce & k h af=d$ him4 ,we %all select a few ( ! mo/ important z furni%$ by him to ,morfit's valuable "w4 ,sk9s ) ! hair on are fir/ soak$ 9 cold wat] = =ty-eight h\rs1 & are !n subject$ to ! action ( ! ma*9e 7,moni] ,ray's ,mill7 = an h\r & a half2 exposure = :i* "t is g5]ally suffici5t to r5d] !m pliable4 ,eight or t5 sk9s1 accord+ to _! size & ?ickness1 are g5]ally conta9$ 9 ! app>atus4 ,! wat] is !n all[$ to dra9 (f1 a suffici5t quantity ( cream ( lime is p\r$ 9 & ! sk9s are aga9 beat5 = f\r h\rs1 :5 !y are tak5 out & pil$ up4 ,aft] hav+ be5 left to dra9 = five h\rs 9 ?is position1 !y are aga9 full$ = a "t 9 ! ma*9e1 & !n are depriv$ ( _! hair & fle%$ by ! workm54 ,!y are !n beat5 = an h\r & a half 9 ! ma*9e1 & clean$ & scrap$ ) ! slate4 ,9 ord] to remove ! lime1 "s ( :i* rema9s atta*$ to ! sk9s1 !y are n[ soak$ 9 wat] conta9+ "o hundr$? "p ( sulphuric acid1 &1 aft] be+ con/antly /irr$ 9 ?is liquid = an h\r1 are wa%$ & r9s$ 9 runn+ wat]4 ,?is me?od ( prep>+ sk9s = tann+ disp5ses ) ! labori\s manipulations to :i* !y are commonly subject$1 & pres]ves _! quality1 n injur$ z !y are 9 ! old way1 by ! h&s ( ! workm54 ,x also pres5ts ! additional advantage1 t !y d n require ! long exposure to ! action ( lime :i* is s apt to injure _! tissue4 ,s9ce ,i fir/ comm5c$ bus9ess1 ! ga9 ( weight 9 conv]t+ hides into lea!r1 has be5 increas$ ne>ly #ej p] c5t4 ,t is1 f a qu>t] to a ?ird m lea!r c n[ be obta9$ f a giv5 quantity ( hides1 ?an at ! "t :5 ,i le>n$ my trade at my fa!r's tann]y1 conduct$ 9 ! old fa%ion$ way1 "s =ty ye>s ago4 ,! great improvem5t 9 weight seems to h be5 ga9$ by ! judici\s use ( /rong liquors1 or 8ooze10 obta9$ f f9ely gr\nd b>k1 & by skilful tann+4 ,! loss & wa/age ^u hides1 f hair1 fle%1 c41 may be e/imat$ at f #ab to #ae p] c5t4 ,to gre5 hides1 p>ticul>ly1 no?+ c be m injuri\s ?an to suff] !m to rema9 too long 9 weak ooze4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 ! effects ( an e>ly application ( ooze1 t is too /rong & too w>m1 to gre5 hides1 is v injuri\s4 ,x contracts ! surface fibres ( ! sk91 tann+ at once ! ext]nal lay]s s 8dead10 z x is t]m$1 z to %ut up ! pores1 & prev5t ! tann9 f p5etrat+ ! int]ior4 ,9 ! impossibility ( adapt+ fix$ rules to ! innum]able v>iety ( cases1 no?+ c be dep5d$ ^u b ! judgm5t ( ! practical tann]4 ,9 s(t5+ hides1 & prep>+ !m = ! process ( tann+1 a great deal dep5ds ^u ! judgm5t ( ! "o sup]9t5d+ ! op]ation4 ,9 8sweat+10 ! "* ( ! hides1 & ! temp]ature1 are ess5tial1 b ev]-v>y+ consid]ations4 ,z a g5]al rule1 h[ev]1 ! mild] ! process = prep>+ ! hides = ! b>k1 ! bett]4 ,too high a temp]ature is p>ticul>ly to be avoid$4 ,hides t are v /iff & h>d1 resi/+ all ! ord9>y modes ( s(t5+1 are assi/$ by a solution ( a%es1 pota%1 or ev5 common salt w be f\nd b5eficial2 & p>ticul>ly s 9 hot wea!r4 ,! foll[+ table may be f\nd useful 9 convey+ an approximation to a def9ite idea ( ! practice 9 my tann]y3 #dj #ej #fj #gj ,,soak+4 ,days4 ,days4 ,days4 ,days4 ,bu5os ,ayres hides #aj to #ab #h to #ab #f to #h #c to #f4 ,c>?ag5a & ,laguaira #h to #ab #g to #i #e to #g #b to #c4 ,,sweat+4 ,bu5os ,ayres hides #ae to #bj #ab to #af #h to #ab #b to #c4 ,c>?ag5a & ,laguaira #ae to #bj #aj to #ae #f to #h #b to #c4 ,i w\ld "h rem>k t ,i *ang$ ! process f lim+ to sweat+ 9 ! sole lea!r 9 #ahcf--! only *ange ,i h made 9 tann+ = tw5ty ye>s2 & = sole lea!r1 x has be5 prov$ to be q z good z lim+1 if n bett]1 & some:at *eap]2 besides yield+ a great] ga9 ( weight1 & :5 well tann$1 mak+ lea!r m imp]vi\s to wat]4 ,lim+ & 8bat+10 h[ev]1 = light lea!r1 is pref]able4 ,salt$ hides d n require m ?an two-?irds ! "t to soak2 b g5]ally r long] to sweat4 ,aft] ! hides are prep>$ = tann+1 ! next process is :at is commonly call$ 8h&l+10 :i* %\ld be p]=m$ two or ?ree times a day 9 a weak 8ooze0 until ! gra9 is color$4 ,new liquors1 or a mixture ( new & old1 are pref]able = ,spani% or dry hides--old liquors = slaught]4 ,!y are !n1 aft] a =tnight1 laid away 9 b>k1 & *ang$ once 9 two or f\r weeks1 until tann$4 ,mu* c>e & judgm5t are necess>y 9 proportion+ ! cont9ually increas+ /r5g? ( ! liquors to ! requirem5ts ( ! lea!r 9 ! diff]5t /ages ( ?is process4 ,! liquors %\ld be kept z cool z possible1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 b ought nev] to exce$ a temp]ature ( eighty degrees2 9 fact1 a mu* l[] temp]ature is ! maximum po9t1 if ! liquor is v /rong2 too high a heat1 ) a liquor too /rongly *>g$ ) ! tann+ pr9ciple1 be+ inv>iably injuri\s to ! life & color ( ! lea!r4 ,f ?is x w\ld seem t "t is an ess5tial elem5t 9 ! process ( tann+1 & t we _c make up = ! want ( x by increas+ ! /r5g? ( ! liquor1 or rais+ ! temp]ature at :i* ! process is conduct$1 any m ?an we c fatt5 an ox or horse by giv+ him m ?an he c eat4 ,hides t are treat$ ) liquor bel[ ! prop] /r5g? become mu* relax$ 9 _! texture1 & lose a portion ( _! gelat9e4 ,! lea!r necess>ily loses 9 weight & compactness1 & is mu* m por\s & p]vi\s to wat]4 ,! w>m] ^! weak solutions are appli$1 ! great] ?is loss ( gelat9e4 ,to asc]ta9 :e!r a portion ( weak liquor conta9s any gelat9e 9 solution1 x is only necess>y to /ra9 a little ( x 9 a glass1 & !n add a small quantity ( a /rong] liquor4 ,! excess ( tann9 9 ! /rong1 seiz+ ^u ! dissolv$ gelat9e 9 ! weak liquor1 w comb9e ) x1 & be precipitat$ 9 flakes1 ( a d>k1 curdl$ appe>ance1 to ! bottom4 ,at ! ,prattsville ,tann]y1 ! greate/ /r5g? ( liquor us$ = 8h&l+10 z indicat$ by ,pike's b>k-omet]1 7an in/rum5t to te/ only ,,fre%ly made liquors17 is sixte5 degrees2 ( t employ$ 9 lay+ away1 ! greate/ /r5g? v>ies f ?irty-five to =ty-five degrees4 ,aft] ! lea!r has be5 ?or\ghly tann$ & r9s$1 or scrubb$ by a bru%-ma*9e or broom1 x w t5d v mu* to improve its color & pliability to /ack x up 9 piles1 & all[ x to sweat until x becomes a little slipp]y f a k9d ( mucus t collects ^u its surface4 ,a little oil add$ at ?is /age ( ! process1 or j be=e roll+1 is f\nd to be v useful4 ,great caution is necess>y 9 ! admission ( air1 9 dry+ :5 fir/ hung up to dry4 ,no m air ?an is suffici5t to keep ! sides f m\ld+1 %\ld be all[$4 ,too mu* air1 or 9 o!r words1 if dri$ too rapidly1 9 a curr5t ( air1 w injure ! color1 giv+ a d>k] hue & r5d]+ ! lea!r h>% & brittle4 99 99 99 99 ,! av]age "t ( tann+ 9 #ahdb1 0 five mon?s & sev5te5 days2 ( #ahdc1 five mon?s & tw5ty-two days2 #ahdd1 six mon?s2 #ahde1 six mon?s & elev5 days2 av]age ( ! :ole "t1 five mon?s & tw5ty-sev5 days4 ,! av]age weight ( ! lea!r 0 ov] eighte5 & "o-half p\nds p] side4 ,?is1 accord+ to ! be/ au?orities we h1 is consid]ably bel[ ! "t employ$ 9 ,engl&4 ,!re1 x is no uncommon ?+ = eight or t5 mon?s to be employ$ 9 tann+ a /ock ( lea!r1 & "s ( ! heavie/ lea!r1 x is said1 takes f\rte5 & eighte5 mon?s4 ,su* delib]ation und\bt$ly insures a f9e quality ( lea!r1 b x may be que/ion$ :e!r !re is n a great loss ( weight--a loss ( int]e/ on capital1 & 9 consequ5ce an unnecess>y enhancem5t ( price1 :i* does n suit ! ,am]ican m>ket4 ,! tann+ ( lea!r1 m ?an almo/ any o!r manufacture1 is a *emical process1 ! success ( :i* dep5ds almo/ :olly ^u ! skill & judgm5t ) :i* its complicat$ manipulations are conduct$4 ,to atta9 ! requisite skill 9 ! laboratory ( ! *emi/1 is evid5tly impossible2 x c only be acquir$ 9 tann+ itself1 by long & c>eful att5tion & obs]vation4 ,! labor 9 ! l(t & peel+ b>k dur+ ! above five ye>s 0 #hhbj days4 ,"o man w "w ?r\gh ! beam-h\se1 9 "o ye>1 #fbfj sides4 ,"o man w tan & f9i% #bbbh sides4 ,"o cord ( b>k tans #aif p\nds4 ,! "q has be5 frequ5tly ask$ me1 h[ long does x take to tan sole lea!r4 ,i answ]1 f f\r to six mon?s1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! liquor & ! numb] ( sides 9 ! vats2 & ! quick] tann$ ! bett]4 ,if ! hides are fre%1 !y are capable ( be+ prop]ly s(t5$1 &1 if s1 ! process ( tann+ may be complet$ mu* soon] ?an 9 ! case ( old & h>d hides1 t _c be s(t5$ ) ! same facility4 ,if ! hides h suffici5t room 9 ! vats1 s z n to lay cr[d$1 !y w tan mu* fa/]4 ,z ! tann+ advances1 ! liquor %\ld be r5ew$ seasonably1 & its /r5g? increas$ 9 a ratio proportionate to ea* /age ( tann+4 ,! "q1 8,is ! lea!r to be tann$ s z to b>ely pass 9 m>ket1 or to be well prep>$1 s z to make firm & solid lea!r80 involves a consid]ation ( mu* importance4 ,e "o int]e/$ 9 ! sci5ce ( tann+ %\ld pur*ase & /udy ! able & elaborate "w ^u ! subject by ,morfit4 ,no portion ( ?is important art is left unt\*$1 & ! "w gives abundant evid5ce ( labori\s rese>*1 & intellig5t compilation1 comb9$ ) a ?or\gh k ( ! subject4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,hibb>d',s ,,process ,,( ,,tann+4 ,we h]e) give ! specification ( ?is important pat5t1 allusion to :i* is made 9 ! lett] ( ,dr4 ,reid3 ,to all :om x may conc]n3--,be x kn[n t ,i1 ,william ,w4 ,reid1 ( ! city ( ,ro*e/]1 9 ! c\nty ( ,monroe1 & ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 assignee ( ,lett]s ,pat5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 grant$ to ,h]man ,hibb>d1 ( ! t[n ( ,h5rietta1 9 ! c\nty & ,/ate a=esaid1 = c]ta9 improvem5ts 9 8,tann+ by ,tann9 & acids10 :i* ,lett]s ,pat5t1 be>+ date ! #af? day ( ,octob]1 #ahdi1 7 assign$ to me on ! #bc;d day ( ,octob]1 ( ! same ye>1 by de$1 :i* de$ 0 duly record$ on ! #bd? ( ,nov41 ye> a=esaid1 believ+ t said ,lett]s ,pat5t are inop]ative1 & invalid by reason ( a defective specification1 h surr5d]$ ! same1 & accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! ,acts ( ,congress 9 su* case made & provid$1 h appli$ = a re-issue ( ,lett]s ,pat5t1 = ! same improvem5ts "u ! specification ( ! words foll[+1 viz43 ,! inv5tion & discov]y ( ,h]man ,hibb>d1 consi/ 9 new & useful improvem5ts 9 ! prep>+ ( hides & sk9s = tann+1 & 9 ! art or mode ( tann+ ! same1 ) or )\t ! hair or wool ^u !m1 !reby mak+ lea!r suitable = ! v>i\s purposes to :i* hides & sk9s ?us tann$ may be appli$4 ,fir/1 ! nature ( 8 inv5tion1 s f> z relates to ! prep>ation ( hides & sk9s = tann+1 consi/s 9 ! use ( a composition ( lime1 wood-a%es or pota% & salt1 = ! purpose ( remov+ hair or wool1 & also = ! process ( 8,lim+10 s call$1 in/ead ( us+ lime alone z 9 ! old me?od4 ,lime & a%es or pota%1 & ev5 salt 9 weak solution1 h be5 us$ sep>ately = ! purpose ( remov+ hair & wool1 & also = ! process ( 8,lim+10 t is = remov+ grease1 mucus1 & o!r impurities f hides & sk9s1 b n z above comb9$4 ,x requires sev]al days & sometimes weeks to effect ^! sev]al objects1 by ! use ( lime alone4 ,moreov]1 lime be+ ne>ly insoluble1 ! hides become impregnat$ !re)1 s t bates & dr5*es & mu* labor are requir$ to remove x1 be=e ! hides are 9 a suitable condition to receive ! tann91 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 _! muscul> fibre & texture are mat]ially injur$4 ,b pota% be+ v soluble1 is easily wa%$ or work$ out by wat] alone2 besides1 x has a great] aff9ity = fat or oil1 & makes a soluble soap1 :i* is also easily work$ out2 b lime makes an insoluble soap1 :i* is remov$ ) m difficulty2 pota% be+ soluble1 p5etrates & s(t5s ! hide m spe$ily1 & ?us enables ! lime itself to act soon] ?an x c\ld alone4 ,b fre% quick lime loos5s hair soon] ?an pota%4 ,?us ! two conjo9$1 subs]ve a bett] purpose ?an ei!r s+ly4 ,salt1 9 solution1 also aids 9 s(t5+ dry or h>d hides4 ,x protects ! sub/ance ( ! hide f ! too cau/ic action ( ! alkalies--loos5s dirt1 grease1 c41 & !reby purifies ! sk94 ,x might be omitt$ 9 treat+ salt$ hides unless soak$ too long 9 wat]4 ,b 9 all cases x pres]ves ! sub/ance & weight ( ! hides1 :ile und]go+ ! lim+ process4 ,second1 ! nature ( ,hibb>d's inv5tion1 s f> z x relates to ! process ( tann+1 consi/s 9 ! use ( a composition ( salt1 sulphuric acid1 & sumac1 oak1 hemlock b>k1 or any o!r tann9 us$ = tann+4 ,! salt1 sulphuric acid1 & tann9 be+ mix$ toge!r 9 wat]1 9 c]ta9 proportions h]eaft] m5tion$1 a portion ( ! salt is decompos$ by ! sulphuric acid1 =m+ sulphate ( soda & sett+ ! muriatic acid free1 :i* 7! muriatic acid7 be+ absorb$ by ! wat] acts directly & rapidly on :atev] ( ! alkalies may yet rema9 9 ! sk9s1 dissolv+ & remov+ !m1 :ile x acts ) equal rapidity on ! hide itself1 8rais+ x10 or op5+ its pores1 prep>es x to receive ! tann91 :i*1 be+ pres5t also 9 ! mixture1 imm$iately unites ) ! gelat9e ( ! hide1 =m+ lea!r m exp$iti\sly ?an by ! old me?od4 ,to enable o!rs skill$ 9 ! art ( tann+ to use ?is me?od1 let !m obs]ve ! foll[+3 ,= unhair+ & lim+1 s call$1 & = pull+ wool1 prep>e & use ! foll[+ composition1 :i* we d5om9ate-- ,composition ,no4 #a4--;,good wood a%es1 #a bu%el 7or pota% ab\t #e p\nds72 fre% slak$ lime #d qu>ts2 salt ab\t #c qu>ts2 wat] ab\t #ajj gallons4 ,^! +r$i5ts may be mix$ toge!r & ! hides be put into ! mixture1 = unhair+ & lim+4 ,b = pull+ wool1 take lime & a%es equal p>ts1 & salt #a qu>t1 to "o bu%el ( ! mixture & mix ) wat] suffici5t to make a ?9 pa/e1 :i* is to be appli$ to ! fle% sides ( ! sk9s 9 ! usual way1 & kept at a temp]ature ( #fj to #fh ,f4 ,or a bett] me?od may be to lea* ! a%es1 or1 :5 pota% is us$1 to dissolve x 9 ! wat]4 ,to ! cle> ley add ! lime & salt1 & use ! mixture = unhair+ & lim+4 ,b = pull+ wool mix #a bu%el ( lime & #a qu>t ( salt ) good /rong ley1 mak+ a ?9 pa/e1 :i* apply to ! fle% sides ( ! sk9s1 z already describ$4 ,a little practice w enable ! op]ator to judge ( ! prop] /r5g? ( composition ,no4 #a4 ,x %\ld h a slipp]y feel & q a %>p alkal9e ta/e4 ,x is readily made /rong] by ! addition ( m mat]ials1 or weak] by add+ wat]4 ,! above quantities & proportions s]ve z a g5]al guide4 ,! lime & a%es or pota% may be us$ 9 v>i\s proportions1 b x is desirable t z little lime z possible to produce ! desir$ effect1 %\ld be us$1 because ( its insolubility & ( its ins9uat+ itself into ! sub/ance ( ! hide4 ,! hides or sk9s hav+ be5 prop]ly soak$1 s(t5$1 & brok51 are to be put into composition ,no4 #a1 9 a vat or vats1 & h&l$ 9 ! usual way4 ,! temp]ature may be kept at #ej to #fj ,f4 ,z soon z ! hair w come freely1 !y mu/ be tak5 out & put into clean s(t w>m wat]1 & soak$ sev]al h\rs1 !n ?or\ghly work$1 fle% & gra91 on ! beam4 ,!n put back into ! wat]1 soak$ aga9 & work$ aga91 till !y are suffici5tly r$uc$4 ,!y are !n ready = ! tann+ process4 ,z a g5]al ?+1 bates & dr5*es w n be requir$1 because ! pota% be+ soluble1 & ! little lime us$1 are easily wa%$ out ) wat]1 & because composition ,no4 #b1 ab\t to be describ$1 us$ 9 ! tann+1 accompli%es ! id5tical objects to be obta9$ by bat+ & dr5*+4 ,if any pref]1 !y may prep>e _! hides & sk9s aft] ! old me?od4 ,!y c be tann$ j z well by composition ,no4 #b1 b sk9s & hides prep>$ by ! =ego+ me?od w make heavi] & /rong] lea!r1 ?an :5 prep>$ by ! old process ( tann+ & bat+4 ,= tann+1 make & use ! foll[+ :i* we d5om9ate-- ,composition ,no4 #b4--,take sumac1 oak b>k1 qu]citron1 or any o!r tann+ mat]ial1 ei!r s+ly1 or comb9$2 lea* & make a /rong infusion or ooze4 ,to e #ajj gals4 ( ooze add salt1 #bj lbs42 sulphuric acid #b p9ts4 ,^! quantities s]ve z a g5]al rule4 ,a little exp]i5ce w enable a workman to det]m9e by ! color & ta/e1 z to ! requisite proportions & quantities & /r5g? ( ! composition )\t weigh+ or measur+4 ,! salt %\ld always be 9 excess ov] ! acid4 ,if x is consid]ably m s1 no h>m c accrue1 b if ! acid %\ld be 9 excess1 injury might be done4 ,!re %\ld be sulphuric acid en\gh to decompose en\gh ( ! salt to lib]ate an equival5t ( muriatic acid1 ( :i* !re %\ld be z mu* z is suffici5t to give ! hides a uni=m color1 & cause !m to swell or puff up slightly4 ,! muriatic acid ?us g5]at$ by ! decomposition ( ! salt1 by means ( ! sulphuric acid1 attacks ! alkalies t may rema9 9 ! hides1 dissolves or conv]ts !m into soluble muriates ( lime or pota%1 & ?us acts z a bate & dr5* on ! hides1 to clean !m1 :ile at ! same "t x op5s _! pores1 s t !y imbibe ! tann9 m rapidly4 ,x also precipitates or decomposes a portion ( ! color+ matt] ( ! ooze1 & !reby r5d]s ! color ( ! lea!r light]1 m lively & beautiful4 ,if !re is a defici5cy ( acid1 s z n to neutralize all ! alkalies rema9+ 9 ! hides1 !y w be spott$ or d>k color$4 ,!y w n raise or swell up4 ,9 su* case1 m ( ! sulphuric acid mu/ be add$ = ! purpose ( decompos+ m ( ! salt 7:i* is suppos$ to be 9 excess7 & ?us furni% m ( ! muriatic acid4 ,n4 ,b4--,muriatic acid ( comm]ce may be add$ to ! tann9 & salt1 & !y w produce ne>ly ! same result2 ! sulphate ( soda w\ld be want+1 b ?is also may be add$1 & !n we %\ld h ! same composition1 & precisely ! same results2 & :5 economy w\ld w>rant x1 ?is c\rse might be adopt$1 b at ! pres5t co/ ( ^! mat]ials1 x is *eap] to use sulphuric acid & salt1 & ?us g5]ate bo? ! muriatic acid & sulphate ( soda2 ?is me?od is also m simple4 ,! hides & sk9s hav+ be5 prep>$ 9 ,composition ,no4 #a1 z already describ$1 !y are !n to be put into ,composition ,no4 #b1 prep>$ z above1 9 suitable vats1 & h&l$ (t5 9 ! usual way4 ,! /r5g? ( ! composition mu/ be kept up by additions ( /rong ooze1 & also ( salt & acid :5 necess>y1 & 9 su* quantities z w give ! orig9al ta/e1 color1 c4 ,! "t requir$ to accompli% ! process ( tann+ w dep5d on ! quality & size ( ! hides or sk9s1 or k9ds ( lea!r to be made1 & on ! /r5g? & temp]ature ( ! composition4 ,x ! /r5g? be good1 ! temp]ature ab\t #hj1 & ! h&l+ prop]ly conduct$1 mo/ k9ds ( lea!r may be tann$ 9 less ?an half ! "t requir$ by ! old me?od ( tann+ n[ 9 use 9 our c\ntry4 ,:5 ! hides are suffici5tly tann$1 ^? design$ to be curri$ may be curri$ & f9i%$ 9 ! usual way4 ,if ! process has be5 prop]ly conduct$1 !y w require mu* less sc\r+1 :]eby "s h>d labor is sav$4 ,:5 x is int5d$ to black & f9i% on ! gra91 9 ord] to remove any excess ( salt & acid t may rema9 9 !m & int]f]e ) ! f9i%+1 aft] remov+ !m f ! vats1 soak !m an h\r or less 9 a cle> ooze1 made ( ! same k9d ( tann9 us$ 9 tann+ !m2 !n r9se & /rike !m out ( cle> s(t wat]1 aft] :i* imm]se !m 9 ! foll[+ composition3--,to e gallon ( s(t wat] add1 ( good s(t soap #a qu>t2 be/ sp]m or cod oil1 #a p9t4 ,mix & beat ^! +r$i5ts well toge!r2 aft] be+ dipp$ 9 ?is mixture let !m 8sammy0 or dry p>tially1 !n %am set & /uff !m4 ,= /uff+1 use common /uff+ & s(t soap1 equal p>ts1 or sad & cod oil1 equal p>ts2 aft] :i*1 if to be f9i%$ on ! fle% side1 proce$ 9 ! usual way1 b if x be black$ on ! gra91 wet or sponge !m1 :5 ne>ly dry1 on ! gra9 side ) a weak solution ( pota% or sal soda1 !n apply a ?9 coat ( blood & acetate ( iron1 z us$ by morocco dress]s2 let !m ne>ly dry1 !n repeat ! coat ( sal soda & mixture ( blood & acetate ( iron4 ,!n set !m smoo? on bo? sides1 & oil & dry !m4 ,de]1 %eep1 & simil> sk9s1 design$ = buck1 or imitation ( buck1 su* z are us$ = gloves1 mitt5s1 & milit>y trimm+s1 %\ld be 8friz$0 aft] be+ prep>$ 9 ,composition ,no4 #a1 & unhair$2 & !n tann$ 9 ,composition ,no4 #b1 prep>$ ) sumac4 ,:5 tann$1 r9se & /rike !m out ( clean s(t wat]1 !n hang up to dry4 ,:5 dry1 f9i% on a p]* ) a /ake1 moon-knife1 & pumice /one2 or1 to make !m s(t & ela/ic1 !y may be mill$ fir/1 be=e q dry1 & !n f9i%$ ) p]*1 moon-knife1 c41 ! same z 9 oil dress+1 b )\t any oil4 ,9 ord] to tan hides or sk9s ) fur1 hair1 or wool on1 !y mu/ fir/ be wa%$ ?or\ghly clean 9 a weak pota% ley1 or 9 s(t soap & wat] 7c>e be+ tak5 n to keep !m 9 s long z to />t or loos5 ! fur1 c417 !n fle% & break !m2 r9se 9 clean s(t wat]1 !n tan !m 9 composition ,no4 #b4 ,to make :ite lea!r1 sumac %\ld be us$ 9 mak+ composition ,no4 #b4 ,:at ,i claim & desire to secure by ,lett]s ,pat5t1 is1 fir/1 ! process ( remov+ ! hair & wool f hides & sk9s1 & ( lim+ !m1 s call$1 prep>atory to tann+ by ! use ( a composition ( lime1 wood a%es or pota%1 & ( salt1 call$ ,composition ,no4 #a1 9 ! mann] above describ$4 ,i also claim ! use ( a composition ( lime & wood a%es or pota%1 )\t ! salt1 b ,i d n claim ei!r ( ^! mat]ials sep>ately by itself4 ,second1 ,i claim ! process ( tann+ hides & sk9s by ! use ( any k9d ( tann91 9 comb9ation ei!r ) ! muriatic acid ( comm]ce1 or ) muriatic acid g5]at$ by a mixture ( sulphuric acid & salt 9 wat]1 ) ! tann91 9 ! mann] sub/antially z above describ$4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,tann+ ,,processes4 ,m ?an "o hundr$ tann+ processes h be5 pat5t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,europe1 & ! cry is1 8/ill !y come40 ,new me?ods1 & new works ^u old me?ods are con/antly pres5t+ !mselves4 ,! ,london ,me*anics' ,magaz9e /ates t an important improvem5t 9 ! tann+ ( sk9s & hides has rec5tly be5 introduc$ into t c\ntry by ,m4 ,funcke1 a practical tann] & curri]1 ( ,h]decke1 ,we/phalia4 ,x consi/s 9 c\nt]act+ a too rapid action ( ! tannic acid ^u ! surface ( ! sk9s4 ,! mode ( op]ation is z foll[s3-- ,! unhair$ sk9s or hides are fir/ pass$ ?r\gh a weak liquor ( ! soda ( comm]ce1 !n hung up to dry4 ,!y are !n /eep$ 9 a common oak1 hemlock1 or o!r tann+ liquor ( ! common /r5g?1 to :i* has be5 add$ "s v9eg>4 ,9 ?is liquor ! pores ( ! sk9 are op5$1 & ?us ! tannic acid is admitt$ to ! int]ior4 ,! next tannic liquor 9 :i* ! sk9s are /eep$ is made a little /rong] ) ! b>k1 also "s m v9eg>1 & a little dissolv$ sug> is add$4 ,! succe$+ liquors to :i* ! hides are subject$1 until !y are f9i%$1 d n diff] f ^? 9 common use4 ,! v9eg> be+ a vegetable acid1 unites ) ! alkali ( ! soda 9 ! hides1 & its c>bonic acid is set free 9 ! pores ( ! sk92 ?is exp&s !m1 & all[s ! tann9 admission to ! c5tre ( ! hides 9 ! fir/ tann+ liquor4 ,! sug> 9 ! second tann9 liquor1 unites ) ! v9eg>1 & =ms a tann9 mixture1 x is said1 :i* is ( a s(t5+ "*1 imp>t+ ela/icity to ! lea!r4 ,! /r5g? ( ! soda ley us$ to /eep ! hides 9 ! fir/ /age1 is n above #a--v weak--& a v small quantity ( v9eg> is suffici5t = ! purpose /at$4 ,any o!r vegetable acid may be us$ 9 place ( ! v9eg>1 b x is ! *eape/4 ,! exp&+ ( ! pores ( hides & sk9s by g5]at+ a gas 9 ! tann+ liquor by ! ag5cy ( ! c>bonate ( soda & an acid1 su* z sulphuric & muriatic1 is n new4 ,x has be5 tri$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & is kn[n by ! "n ( ! 8,hibb>d process40 ,,! ,,prell] ,,process4 ,?is discov]y & application is highly approv$ ( 9 ,london4 ,aft] ! hides or sk9s are unhair$ 9 ! usual mann]1 !y und]go a p>tial dry+1 & receive a uni=m coat+ ( a peculi> pa/e compos$ ( v>i\s vegetable & sal9e sub/ances4 ,! vegetable sub/ances employ$ conta9 a l>ge proportion ( />*1 su* z b>ley1 rice1 or :eat fl\r1 a little glut51 "s butt]1 or oil & grease1 "s common salt1 & "s saltpetre4 ,! hides are laid ^u tables & sme>$ on ! fle%y side1 ) ! said pa/e1 & 9 t /ate are put into ! int]ior ( l>ge drums1 :i* receive a rot>y motion1 & by :i*1 ! hides are greatly agitat$1 & ! pa/e 7by pegs 9 ! inside ( ! drums71 is =c$ into ! pores ( ! hides or sk9s1 or r !y are knead$ along ) ! pa/e = two or ?ree h\rs1 aft] :i* !y are drawn out4 ,!y are !n f\nd to be 9 a p>tial dry /ate1 !n hung up & air$ = two h\rs1 & aga9 laid ^u ! table1 :]e !y receive ano!r dose ( ! same pa/e1 & are aga9 return$ to ! drums a second "t1 :5 ! same op]ation z t describ$ is aga9 p]=m$4 ,aft] ?is !y receive a ?ird sme>+ ) ! pa/e1 & are knead$ 9 ! drums1 aft] :i* !y are tak5 out & hung up to dry1 & are !n fit = ! curry+ process4 ,! lea!r ?us produc$ is /at$ to be mu* light] ?an t produc$ by oak or o!r tan b>ks1 b is mu* /rong] & w we> mu* bett]4 ,x is ass]t$ t = ma*9]y b&s x is twice z /rong z oak-tann$ lea!r1 & t %eep & goat sk9s are r5d]$ v t\gh & durable4 ,x is said t calf sk9s are tann$ by ?is process 9 ab\t ?ree h\rs1 & ! ?icke/ ox-hide 9 ?ree days4 ,9 notic+ ?is process ! 8,sci5tific ,am]ican0 rem>k$ z foll[s3-- ,we are n aw>e t any su* process = tann+ is describ$ 9 any "w on ! subject1 or has be5 practic$ 9 our c\ntry4 ,x is our op9ion t x may make excell5t upp]s = boots & %oes1 b n s good sole lea!r z oak b>k4 ,x is /at$ t ! bra9s ( animals is also us$ 9 ! pa/e1 & t ! salt & nitre are only employ$ to pres]ve ! animal & greasy matt]s f putrefaction4 ,! process has "s resemblance to t employ$ by _m tribes ( our ,indians = tann+ _! sk9s = moccas9s & o!r purposes4 ,!y use ! bra9s ( animals1 mix$ ) ley made ( ! wood a%es ( _! fires1 & knead ! sk9s & rub !m ) ! pa/y mass1 ^u ! same pr9ciple z t employ$ 9 ! 8,prell] process40 ,:5 ! tann+ ( ! sk9s is complet$ accord+ to _! notions1 !y are f9i%$ by dry+ !m1 or r smok+ !m1 9 a pit 9 ! gr\nd1 :i* is cov]$ ) b>k & "s e>?4 ,we h se5 v good br[n lea!r made by ?is process4 ,we are n able to give ! exact proportions ( ! pa/e us$ by ,prell]1 b ?is does n make mu* matt]1 = "s ( our tann]s c surely make up a pa/e ) fl\r1 ox bra9s1 & oil or grease1 c41 & give x a fair trial1 by knead+ a sk9 or two 9 a tub1 ) a beetle1 s z to te/ ! pr9ciple ( ! process4 ,!re is no?+ l giv+ ev]y?+ 7unless x is manife/ly absurd7 :i* is set =? z an improvem5t1 a fair trial1 & ?is is ! reason :y we h pres5t$ ! =ego+ in=mation1 9 ord] t x may be te/$ by "s ( our tann]s to see :e!r x has any m]it or n4 ,,tann+ ,,bucksk94 ,we pres5t ! foll[+ simple process = prep>+ bucksk94 ,! ,indians h long be5 di/+ui%$ = mak+ an exce$+ly good & durable bucksk94 ,"o day a fri5d ( ours 7"o ( ! be/ practical tann]s & lea!r dress]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 wat*$ ) great e>ne/ness1 ! mode by :i* ! squaws dress$ _! de] sk9s4 ,he obs]v$ t !y us$ ! bra9s ( ! de] mix$ along ) ley made ( wood a%es =m+ a k9d ( soap4 ,?is solution 0 rubb$ on ! sk9s1 all[+ !m to dry at ea* op]ation--two or ?ree times1 until ! sk9s 7 completely saturat$ ) ! solution4 ,aft] ?is ! sk9s 7 smok$1 ! same z hams1 9 a pit dug 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! idea sugge/$ itself to our fri5d1 t !re 0 no use ( want+ %oes :5 !re 7 pl5ty ( de] kill$2 b f a di/ance 9 ! woods !y c\ld n1 & 7 n accu/om$ to br+ ! bra9s ( ! animal2 b a rem$y 0 at h&2 he knew t soap 0 ! same composition1 z t us$ by ! ,indians 9 tann+1 & he _h pl5ty ( t4 ,aft] ! sk9s 7 prop]ly prep>$1 a /rong solution ( w>m yell[ soap 0 made up1 9 :i* !y 7 h&l$ until cold2 !y 7 !n dri$ & w5t ?r\gh ! same process until ! practical tradesman saw t !y 7 made into lea!r2 :5 !y 7 aft]w>ds smok$ 9 ! mann] ( ! ,indians4 ,f ^! op]ations an excell5t bucksk9 0 made1 :i* ?r\gh ! dr5*+ ( ra9s & ! frequ5t imm]sions 9 ! swamps & ev]glades1 reta9$ its pri/9e s(tness & qualities4 ,?us1 9 ! wilds ( ,florida1 a sci5tific tradesman appli$ 8 k & art1 9 a mann] = :i* _m _h reason to be ?ankful4 ,9 su* situations ! me*anic rises f> above ! philosoph]4 ,,new ,,me?od ,,( ,,tann+4 ,a process 0 discov]$ 9 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahej1 by :i* lea!r c\ld be tann$ 9 ! %ort space ( two h\rs4 ,?is is a 8fa/ age10 & 8wond]s0 are n[ e-day occurr5ces4 ,=m]ly x requir$ fifte5 mon?s to prop]ly tan & f9i% lea!r4 ,! lea!r "h ref]r$ to1 0 tann$ by ! 8,j\rneym5 ,%oemak]s ,association0 ( ,ro*e/]4 ,if ?is discov]y is all t x is /at$ to be 7( :i* we h "s d\bts71 viz41 to make lea!r equal to ! ,fr5*1 9 su* a %ort "t1 x mu/ be "o ( ! mo/ valuable discov]ies ( ! age4 ,z ! process1 h[ev]1 is n laid d[n 9 black & :ite1 e man is ju/ifi$ 9 suspect+ its reality4 ,a new process1 h[ev] has come into our possession lately1 :i* is said to tan lea!r bett] & 9 less "t ?an by ! old process4 ,we give x = :at x is wor?4 ,^? 9 ! art c make exp]im5ts = !mselves--! only way to te/ its m]its4 ,?ree liquors are made up1 #a/4 ,"o made ( #bj p\nds ( alum1 & #bj ( ! sulphate ( pota%1 & t5 ( ! muriate ( soda1 all dissolv$ 9 w>m wat]4 #b;d1 #ajj p\nds ( cate*u1 dissolv$4 #c;d4 #d p\nds ( alum1 #b lbs ( ! muriate ( soda1 dissolv$4 ,= a hundr$ calf sk9s 9 a vat ( suffici5t size1 put "o fif? ( ,no4 #a2 viz41 #d p\nds ( ! alum & pota% & #b ( ! muriate ( soda1 7common salt7--!n add "o-t5? ( ! ,no4 #b solution1 & "o f\r? ( ,no4 #c4 ,) ?is mix$ solution en\gh ( wat] is put into ! vat to cov] ! #ajj sk9s & ! temp]ature is kept up s z ! h& c be> x well4 ,m5 ) poles r\nd$ at _! ends /ir ! sk9s = ab\t "o h\r1 :5 !y are tak5 out4 ,!y are !n plac$ 9 ano!r vat ( ! same k9d ( solution1 & ! same /r5g?1 & /irr$ frequ5tly = ab\t ?ree h\rs1 & let /& till next morn+4 ,!y are !n remov$1 & "o fif? ( ,no4 #a mixture1 & "o-fif? ( ,no4 #b add$1 :5 ! sk9s are return$ to ! vat1 /irr$ frequ5tly1 & dripp$ e day = five days1 :5 all ! liquors ( ! solutions %\ld be tak5 up1 & ab\t #bj p\nds m ( dissolv$ cate*u is to be add$4 ,! sk9s are to be tri$ frequ5tly1 & m cate*u is to be add$ if necess>y1 & at ! end ( f\r or five weeks ! op]ations w be complet$4 ,,dext]',s ,,process ,,( ,,tann+4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,dext]1 ( ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 discov]$ a process ( tann+1 :i* he claims to be an important improvem5t4 ,! ma9 feature ( ! inv5tion consi/s 9 a comp\nd ( *emicals1 by :i* n only "t1 money & labor are sav$1 b ! lea!r ?us prep>$1 possesses m /r5g? ?an t manufactur$ 9 ! old way4 ,?is comp\nd is call$ 8,dext]'s ,electric ,process40 ,a %eep1 calf1 goat or de] sk9 is tak5 9 a gre5 /ate1 & 9 f eight to t5 days x is manufactur$ into lea!r & is ready = m>ket4 ,f f\r to six days are consum$ 9 prep>+ a sk9 = tann+1 9 ! removal ( ! wool1 hair1 c42 x is !n ?r[n into a tub1 & wa%$ 9 ?ree *emical prep>ations1 :i* takes f "o to two m9utes2 x is !n tak5 out & dri$1 & 9 tw5ty-f\r or =ty-eight h\rs aft] x is tak5 f ! tub x is ready = m>ket4 ,! "t occupi$ 9 dry+ dep5ds mu* ^u ! wea!r2 b aft] x is ?or\ghly dri$ x c be f9i%$ 9 ab\t tw5ty m9utes or half an h\r4 ,"u ! old sy/em ( tann+1 x takes f ?ree to f\r weeks to prep>e ! sk91 & f ?ree to six mon?s to b>k tan & f9i% x4 ,by ! discov]y ( ?is new process1 a sk9 is conv]t$ into lea!r1 9 z _m days z x takes mon?s to b>k tan1 & besides1 x is n only /rong] & m durable1 b ! lea!r is made wat]-pro(4 ,!y c manufacture %eep-sk9s by ?is process1 into lea!r1 9 six or eight days1 :i* n only resembles calf-sk91 b = boots & %oes x is pref]r$ by ^? :o h worn !m1 on acc\nt ( its be+ m durable1 & s(t] ?an calf manufactur$ 9 ! old way4 ,by ?is me?od ( tann+1 !re is a great sav+4 ,"o hundr$ %eep-sk9s c be tann$ = #cg to #ej c5ts1 :ile to b>k tan !m w\ld incur an exp5se ( at lea/ #f4 ,pat5t lea!r is manufactur$ out ( %eep-sk9s1 :i* is said to be m durable & less liable to crack ?an t made ( b>k-tann$ lea!r4 ,,fair ,,lea!r4#e ,?is lea!r1 us$ = ! soles ( ladies' %oes1 is made1 pref]ably1 f hides tann$ ) ,spani% oak4 ,aft] hav+ be5 soak$ & sc\r$1 !y are sep>ately spread ^u a clean table & spong$ on ! gra9 side ) ! foll[+ mixture1 r$uc$ by dilution ) wat]4 ,footnote #e3 ,morfit's ,!ory1 ,*apt] ,l4 ,! proportions = n9e & a half p9ts1 :i* is ! quantity requir$ = tw5ty-five sides1 are ,cry/aliz$ ,*loride ( ,t91 #h oz4 ,muriatic ,acid1 free f ,iron1 #d fluid oz4 ,sulphuriz$ ,e!r1 #h fluid oz4 ,alcohol1 #cb fluid oz4 ,wat]1 #dj fluid oz4 ,! t9 salt is plac$ 9 a blue /one j>1 ) ! acid1 & ! :ole is /irr$ until p]fect solution is effect$4 ,! e!r1 alcohol & wat] are !n add$ & /irr$ 9 successively4 ,?is process1 pat5t$ by ,pr(4 ,j4 ,c4 ,boo?1 ( ,philadelphia1 is f\nd$ /rictly ^u sci5tific pr9ciples4 ,! t91 salt & acid1 are ! blea*+ ag5ts1 :ile ! alcohol1 e!r & wat] are dilutants z well z protectives aga9/ any de/ructive ag5t ( ! =m]4 ,its :it5+ effect ext5ds ?r\gh\t ! hide1 & is n limit$ m]ely to ! surface4 ,aft] ! application ( ! liquor1 ! lea!r is oil$1 dress$ & roll$1 z 9 ! usual curry+ process4 ,?is mixture is n applicable to lea!r tann$ ) black oak-b>k1 z x colors x yell[4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,pat5ts ,,= ,,tann+4 ,! foll[+ describ$ processes = ,tann+ h be5 pat5t$ at diff]5t p]iods s9ce #ahdi4 ,! fir/ may be d5om9at$ ,hibb>d's pat5t1 issu$ to ,mr4 ,hibb>d1 ( ,h5rietta1 ,n4 ,y4 ,a pat5t = a modifi$ process 9 tann+ lea!r1 :i* is specially applicable to light sk9s1 b may be us$ 9 all k9ds ( tann+4 ,! gi/ ( ! inv5tion consi/s fir/1 9 a modifi$ process ( unhair+ ! sk9s1 by a composition ( lime1 pota% & salt1 by :i* ! process is v mu* %ort5$2 & secondly1 by comb9+ :at is call$ ! process ( plump+ ) t ( tann+4 ,x is alleg$ by ! pat5tee t ! process ( plump+1 :i* consi/s 9 ! use ( acids1 to op5 ! pores ( ! sk9s1 is l t ( ris+ d\gh by yea/2 namely1 t aft] ! pores h once be5 fairly op5$1 if ! tann+ process is n comm5c$ imm$iately1 !y w soon beg9 to close2 z d\gh once rais$1 if n transf]r$ at ! prop] "t to ! ov5 to be bak$1 w fall1 & an inf]ior bread w be ! result4 ,! process ( tann+ !re=e1 z set =? by ! inv5tor1 consi/s 9 ! comb9ation ( ! plump+ & ! tann+ process1 s t z soon z ! acids h act$ to op5 ! pores ( ! sk9s1 ! tann9 pres5t 9 ! liquor1 %all ent] & p]=m its "p 9 ! op]ation4 ,! next may be describ$ z ,t[le's process1 or improvem5t 9 tann+4 ,issu$ ,oct4 #g1 #ahea4 ,:at ,i claim z my inv5tion or discov]y1 z a new & useful improvem5t1 & desire to secure by lett]s pat5t1 is ! use ( ars5ic or ars5i\s acid1 sub/antially 9 ! mann] & = ! purposes h]e9 set =?2 ! peculi> prop]ties ( ars5ic1 by :i* x t5ds to susp5d ! natural t5d5cy ( ! animal fibre to decomposition ^u ! ext9ction ( animal life1 are well kn[n1 & ( c\rse !y are n pat5table2 b _! application to ! processes ( tann+1 & o!rwise prep>+ sk9s & hides = useful purposes1 by :i* !y are r5d]$ /rong] & m durable1 is believ$ n to h be5 h]et(ore kn[n & us$4 ,i d n1 !re=e1 int5d to limit my claim to any p>ticul> mode or p]iod ( us+ ! article2 b ,i %all apply x 9 su* =m1 or 9 su* /r5g? ( solution1 z ! nature ( ! case may require1 to effect ! objects nam$4 ,workm5 %\ld gu>d aga9/ ! absorption ( ! poison\s qualities ( ! ars5ic1 :ile imm]s+ or h&l+ ! sk9s 9 ! liquor1 by us+ tools or we>+ ,india-rubb] gloves4 ,aft] ! sk9s are tak5 out ( ! liquor & r9s$ ?or\ghly1 ! dang] ceases4 ,n4 ,c4 ,,t[le4 ,a pat5t = ! foll[+ me?od ( tann+ 0 issu$ ,m>* #bb1 #ahec1 to ,roswell ,enos ,bela ,t4 ,hunt1 ( ,/4 ,*>les1 ,ill4 ,we claim ! process ( tann+ ) ! use ( lime1 salt1 bran1 sumac1 & cut*1 or any o!r tann+ 9 room ( cut*1 sub/antially 9 ! mann] describ$1 :]eby we comm5ce tann+1 at ! same "t t we comm5ce r$uc+1 z ! salt & bran ov]p[]s ! lime1 ! tan takes ! place ( ! lime1 & conv]ts ! hide into m p]fect lea!r1 & 9 less "t ?an c be made 9 any o!r way4 ,hides are n liable to get damag$ by our process1 z we d n use an article t is injuri\s to lea!r4 ,x is n on ! mat]ials us$ t we claim lett]s pat5t1 b on ! mann] ( apply+ !m to ! hide1 z set =?4 ,! next is to ,roswell ,enos4 ,improvem5t 9 ! process ( tann+ lea!r = soles4 ,pat5t$ ,july #ah1 #ahed4 ,! improvem5t & claim consi/ 9 comm5c+ ! tann+ op]ation ^u ! sides1 by ! use ( a salt$ infusion ( sumac1 & !n complet+ said tann+ op]ation by ! repeat$ use ( ! /rong oak or hemlock b>k liquor1 sub/antially z set =?4 ,x is /at$ t solid sole lea!r may be produc$ by ?is process 9 an unusually %ort "t4 ,,app5dix4 ,,j5k9s' ,,new ,,& ,,improv$ ,,heat] ,,& ,,press1 ,,= ,,mak+ ,,cem5t$ ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes4 ,?is 8,heat]0 is a new inv5tion rec5tly introduc$1 to heat ! soles & %oes ( ! mo/ delicate /ock = cem5tation4 ,! heat is appli$ only to ! cem5t$ surfaces1 :i* require unit+4 ,?is process prev5ts ! h>d5+ & contract+ ( ! sole lea!r & upp]s4 ,! old 8cook+0 process greatly damag$ ! /ock1 & frequ5tly spoil$ x utt]ly1 z x 0 simply a matt] ( pure luck :e!r ! /ock 0 heat$ to a prop] degree or crisp$ by ov]-heat+4 ,?is 8,heat]0 c be regulat$ to ! exact degree ( heat desir$4 ,!y are manufactur$ 9 a portable =m = su* z wi% to d a limit$ bus9ess4 ,! heat f a s+le lamp1 or hot wat]1 or /eam c be us$4 ,j5k9s' ,press1 pat5t$ ,sept4 #g1 #aheh1 is design$ to hold e description ( %oes & soles1 9 _! prop] position1 :ile be+ press$ & cool$4 ,! ?9ne/ soles & taps1 d\ble-soles or welts1 f ! f9e/ ladies' %oes to co>se brogans or kip boots are held firmly by ?is ,press4 ,!y are cool$ 9 a v %ort "t & receive equal pressure on ! bottom ( ! %oe or its edges1 toge!r ) ! clamp+ app>atus hold+ ! %oe1 soles & /ock4 ,! ,press c also be us$ z a 8,heat]0 :5 desir$1 by fill+ ! base conta9+ ! wat] = cool+ ! %oe1 ) hot air1 /eam1 or hot wat]1 ?us secur+ all ! heat t is requir$ = melt+ ! cem5t1 & = unit+ ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! %oe4 ,! %oe c !n be plac$ 9 a cold wat]-press & cool$4 ,x is !n ready = ! f9i%]4 ,by ! use ( ?is ,press1 all out] soles1 middle soles1 lifts1 c41 c41 may be cut ) dies2 ?is process is ( obvi\s advantage to ! manufactur]1 z all ?9 or ?ick soles w n require p>+ (f1 or may h _! edges f9i%$ be=e !y are put on1 ?us prev5t+ all cutt+ ( ! upp]s 9 p>+ (f1 :i* item is ( great importance to ! manufactur]4 ,,valuable ,,& ,,reliable ,,recipes ,,= ,,gutta-,,p]*a ,,& ,,india-,,rubb] ,,cem5t1 ,,= ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes4 ,,also1 ,,v>ni%es1 ,,gums ,,& ,,glues4 ,! foll[+ highly important recipes h be5 arrang$ & select$ ) great c>e4 ,"s ( !m are orig9al discov]ies1 ! result ( p]sonal te/ & application1 & are entirely reliable4 ,o!rs h be5 compil$ f ! highe/ s\rces1 & are submitt$ ) full confid5ce 9 _! virtues4 ,! cem5ts = boots & %oes ( ,india-rubb] & gutta-p]*a are ( great practical utility1 & ! in=mation we ?us furni% we reg>d z almo/ invaluable to ! boot & %oe manufactur]4 ,! v>ni%es are also equally important1 & may be reli$ ^u z ! be/ yet discov]$4 ,! ,wat]-,pro( ,cem5t & ,glues are simple 9 _! +r$i5ts & easily prep>$4 ,bisulphuret ( ,c>bon is rem>kable = its great solv5t p[]s1 readily dissolv+ sub/ances :i* no o!r fluid c s effectually influ5ce1 su* z sulphur1 phosphorus1 iod9e1 etc4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 a fetid odor1 & is inflammable1 burn+ ) a blue flame4 ,x has be5 us$ z a solv5t ( ,india-rubb]1 b = ! common cem5ts ( rubb] & gutta-p]*a ! triple ref9$ camph5e is pref]able4 ,! rubb] cem5t has long be5 us$ = cem5t+ %oes 9 ,lynn1 ,roxbury1 & o!r l>ge %oe manufactur+ t[ns 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,x is easily made1 by dissolv+ x 9 pure camph5e & gr9d+ x 9 a pa9t mill2 _m manufactur]s mix x 9 l>ge portions ( lampblack1 sulphur1 z9c & *>coal4 ,! *>coal is rem>kable = its inde/ructibility1 resi/+ ! mo/ int5se heat2 ! fact is1 t ! m c>bon an organiz$ body conta9s1 s mu* ! less liable is x to decomposition1 x is = ?is reason t x is by "s reg>d$ z mu* bett] ?an lampblack1 = rubb] cem5ts4 ,x is gr\nd into ! rubb] 9 l>ge quantities1 mak+ a pa9t or mixture ( any requir$ t5acity4 ,! ,bog>bus ecc5tric rubb] mill is mo/ commonly us$ = gr9d+ rubb] cem5ts = %oes1 or = spread+ ^u clo?4 ,rubb] cem5ts are only good = cem5t+ %oes :5 ! /ock is p]fectly free f oil or grease1 & kept free f su* contact2 a condition :i* is h>dly possible4 ,all oleag9\s sub/ances are sure to decompose rubb] 9 all its common prep>ations1 vulcaniz$ or n4 ,gutta-p]*a cem5ts1 on ! contr>y1 are n easily affect$ by oleag9\s sub/ances1 unless too mu* heat is us$ 9 p]fect+ ! union ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( a boot or %oe4 ,calf sk9s are frequ5tly 8/uff$0 to full1 ?us caus+ ! grease to mix ) ! cem5t :5 fir/ appli$ 9 a heat$ /ate4 ,to prev5t ?is result1 use prop] c>e 9 ! application ( ! cem5t2 see t x is n too hot1 also be c>eful t ! %oe itself is n too hot4 ,^! precautions well obs]v$1 w result 9 a cem5tation :i* w resi/ ! oil 9 ! lea!r until x is completely worn out4 ,gutta-p]*a cem5t is made by dissolv+ x 9 triple ref9$ camph5e4 ,take f f\r to five times its weight ( camph5e1 place x into a common glue kettle1 boil x on a /ove1 or by a gas or _s lamp1 z is mo/ conv5i5t2 always keep+ ! wat] ar\nd ! vessel to prev5t ignition2 boil until x is completely dissolv$1 !n /ra9 x1 if x is requir$1 & x is ready = use4 ,always apply ! cem5t w>m4 ,if too ?ick to spread easily ) a bru%1 r$uce x ) camph5e4 ,heat & mix by /irr+ ! comp\nd well toge!r4 ,a ,,h>d ,,brilliant ,,black ,,v>ni% ,,= ,,boot ,,& ,,%oe ,,edges ,,& ,,heels4 ,take ?ree ounces %ellac1 "o ounce s&>a*1 r$uce !m to a co>se p[d]1 add "o half ounce ( lampblack1 place !m 9 a glass vessel1 into :i* p\r a p9t & a half ( ! be/ alcohol2 cork tight1 & frequ5tly %ake ! vessel to ha/5 solution4 ,?is v>ni% w reta9 its brilliancy = ye>s4 ,x may be spread ) a sponge or bru%4 ,:5 x is us$ = upp] lea!r add half a p9t ( alcohol & "o ounce ( turp5t9e or an ounce ( gumma/ic4 ,by add+ a small portion ( s&>a* v>ni% to ! common sponge black+ x w make x brilliant & h>d4 ,by add+ a small portion ,india-rubb] dissolv$ 9 triple ref9$ camph5e x r5d]s ! black+ ela/ic & wat]-pro(1 & useful = boot & %oe upp]s1 etc4 ,asphaltum is a smoo?1 h>d1 brittle1 black sub/ance1 :i* breaks ) a poli%1 melts easily :5 heat$1 &1 :5 pure1 burns )\t leav+ any a%es4 ,x makes a *eap & brilliant v>ni% = boot & %oe heels1 by dissolv+ x 9 triple ref9$ camph5e4 ,x %\ld be made ?ick s z to spread ) ! f+] or a bru%4 ,india-rubb] has be5 highly extoll$ = a v>ni%4 ,dissolve 9 five times its weight ( triple ref9$ camph5e4 ,by keep+ x a few days1 aft] x is cut f9e1 !n boil "o ounce ( ?is solution 9 eight ounces ( 8dry+0 l9se$ oil1 = a few m9utes2 /ra9 ! solution & use x w>m4 ,,wat]-,,pro( ,,cem5t4 ,take ( ! be/ glue f\r ounces1 ( is+lass two ounces1 & dissolve !m 9 mild ale ov] a sl[ fire1 9 a common glue kettle1 to ! consi/5ce ( /rong glue1 :5 "o ounce & a half ( well boil$ l9se$ oil mu/ be gradually add$1 & ! :ole be well mix$ by /irr+4 ,:5 cold & made into cakes1 x resembles ,india-rubb]4 ,:5 want$ = use dissolve a piece ( x 9 a proportionate quantity ( ale4 ,?is cem5t is applicable to all jo9ts ( wood1 to jo9 e>!n-w>e1 *9a1 glass4 ,x is an excell5t cem5t = lea!r1 = h>ness1 b&s = ma*9]y1 c4 ,! jo9ts ( ^! are to be prep>$ z if = sew+1 ! cem5t to be appli$ hot1 lay+ a weight ^u ea* jo9t z x is made1 9 :i* /ate x is to be left six h\rs1 :5 ! jo9ts w be f\nd ne>ly z firm z if !y 7 ( an entire piece4 ,by add+ a little t[ to ! above1 y h an excell5t cem5t = leaks 9 casks1 c4 ,,se$-,,lac ,,v>ni%4 ,take ?ree ounces ( se$-lac1 & put x1 ) a p9t ( spirits ( w9e1 into a bottle1 ( :i* x w n fill m ?an two-?irds4 ,%ake ! mixture well toge!r1 & place x 9 a g5tle heat1 till ! se$-lac appe>s to be dissolv$3 ! solution w be ha/5$ by %ak+ ! bottle occasionally4 ,aft] x has /ood "s "t1 p\r (f ! cle> "p1 & keep x = use 9 a well-/opp$ bottle4 ,! se$-lac %\ld be purifi$ be=e x is us$1 by wa%+ x 9 cold wat]1 & x %\ld be 9 co>se p[d]1 :5 add$ to ! _s4 ,?is v>ni% is next to t ( copal 9 h>dness1 & has a r$di%-yell[ color3 x is1 !re=e1 only to be us$ :]e a t+e ( t k9d is n injuri\s4 ,,%ellac ,,v>ni%4 ,take five ounces ( ! be/ %ellac1 r$uce x to a gross p[d]1 & put x into a bottle 9 a g5tle heat1 or a w>m1 close ap>tm5t1 :]e x mu/ cont9ue two or ?ree days1 b %\ld be frequ5tly well %ak54 ,! lac w !n be dissolv$1 & ! solution %\ld !n be filt]$ ?r\gh a flannel bag2 &1 :5 ! portion t w pass ?r\gh freely is come (f1 x %\ld be kept = use 9 well-/opp$ bottles4 ,! portion :i* c only be made to pass ?r\gh ! bag by pressure1 may be res]v$ = co>se purposes4 ,%ellac v>ni% is r s(t] ?an se$-lac v>ni%1 b x is ! be/ ( v>ni%es = mix+ ) colors to pa9t )1 in/ead ( oil1 f its work+ & spread+ bett] 9 ! p5cil4 ,,( ,,glue4 ,to prep>e glue1 x mu/ be /eep$ = a numb] ( h\rs1 ov] night1 = in/ance1 9 cold wat]1 by :i* means x w become consid]ably swell$ & s(t5$4 ,x mu/ !n be g5tly boil$1 till x is entirely dissolv$1 & ( a consi/5ce n too ?ick to be easily bru%$ ov] wood4 ,:5 glue1 by repeat$ly heat+ x1 has become ( a d>k & almo/ black color1 its qualities are impair$2 :5 newly melt$1 x is ( a light ruddy br[n color1 ne>ly l t ( ! dry cake held up to ! light2 & :ile ?is color rema9s1 x may be consid]$ fit = almo/ e purpose4 ,?\gh glue :i* has be5 melt$ is ! mo/ suitable = use1 o!r circum/ances be+ ! same1 yet t :i* has be5 ! longe/ manufactur$ is ! be/4 ,to try ! goodness ( glue1 /eep a piece ?ree or f\r days 9 cold wat]2 if x swell consid]ably )\t melt+1 & :5 tak5 out resumes1 9 a %ort "t1 its =m] dryness1 x is excell5t4 ,if x be soluble 9 cold wat]1 x is a pro( t x wants /r5g?4 ,a glue :i* does n dissolve 9 wat]1 may be obta9$ by melt+ a common glue ) ! smalle/ possible quantity ( wat]1 & add+ by degrees l9se$ oil r5d]$ dry+ by boil+ x ) li?>ge2 :ile ! oil is add$1 ! +r$i5ts mu/ be well /irr$ to incorporate !m ?or\ghly4 ,a glue :i* w resi/ wat]1 9 a consid]able degree1 is made by dissolv+ common glue 9 skimm$ milk4 ,f9ely lixiviat$ *alk add$ to ! common solution ( glue 9 wat]1 con/itutes an addition t /r5g!ns x1 & r5d]s x suitable = bo>ds1 or o!r ?+s :i* mu/ /& ! wea!r4 ,a glue t w hold aga9/ fire or wat]1 may be prep>$ by mix+ a h&ful ( quick-lime ) f\r ounces ( l9se$ oil3 ?or\ghly lixiviate ! mixture1 boil x to a good ?ickness1 & !n spread x on t9 plates 9 ! %ade2 x w become exce$+ly h>d1 b may be dissolv$ ov] a fire1 z ord9>y glue1 & is !n fit = use4 ,,to ,,make ,,portable ,,glue4 ,take "o p\nd ( ! be/ glue1 boil & /ra9 x v cle>2 boil likewise f\r ounces ( is+lass1 put x 9 a d\ble glue-pot1 ) half a p\nd ( f9e br[n sug>1 & boil x pretty ?ick2 !n p\r x into m\lds2 :5 cold1 cut & dry !m 9 small pieces4 ,?is glue is v useful to draughtsm51 ar*itects1 c41 z x imm$iately dilutes 9 w>m wat]1 & fa/5s ! pap] )\t ! process ( damp+4 ,,to ,,make ,,glue ,,t ,,w ,,resi/ ,,moi/ure4 ,dissolve gum s&>a* & ma/ic1 ( ea* two ounces1 9 a p9t ( _s ( w9e1 add+ ab\t an ounce ( cle> turp5t9e4 ,!n take equal p>ts ( is+lass & p>*m5t glue1 made accord+ to ! directions 9 ! prec$+ article1 & hav+ beat5 ! is+lass into small bits1 & r$uc$ ! glue to ! same /ate1 p\r ! solution ( ! gums ^u !m1 & melt ! :ole 9 a vessel well cov]$1 avoid+ s great a heat z t ( boil+ wat]4 ,:5 melt$1 /ra9 ! glue ?r\gh a co>se l95 clo?1 & !n put x aga9 ov] ! fire1 add+ ab\t an ounce ( p[d]$ glass4 ,?is prep>ation may be be/ manag$ by hang+ ! vessel 9 boil+ wat]1 :i* w prev5t ! matt] burn+ to ! vessel1 or ! _s ( w9e f tak+ fire1 & inde$ x is bett] to use ! same me?od = all ! evaporations ( nic] glues & sizes2 b1 9 t case1 less wat] ?an ! proportion direct$1 %\ld be add$ to ! mat]ials4 ,,ano!r ,,me?od4 ,a v /rong glue1 t w resi/ wat]1 may be also made by add+ half a p\nd ( common glue1 or is+lass glue1 to two qu>ts ( skimm$ milk1 & !n evaporat+ ! mixture to ! due consi/5ce ( ! glue4 ,,to ,,make ,,p>*m5t ,,glue4 ,take "o p\nd ( p>*m5t1 & boil x 9 six qu>ts ( wat]1 till ! quantity be r$uc$ to "o qu>t2 /ra9 (f ! fluid f ! dregs1 & !n boil x aga9 till x be ( ! consi/5ce ( glue4 ,! same may be done ) glov]s' cutt+s ( lea!r1 :i* make a colorless glue1 if n burnt 9 ! evaporation ( wat]4 ,a ,,v ,,/rong ,,comp\nd ,,glue4 ,take common glue 9 v small or ?9 bits1 & is+lass glue3 infuse !m 9 z mu* _s ( w9e z w cov] !m1 = at lea/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,!n melt ! :ole toge!r1 &1 :ile !y are ov] ! fire1 add z mu* p[d]$ *alk z w r5d] !m an opaque :ite4 ,! infusion 9 ! _s ( w9e has be5 direct$ 9 ! recipes giv5 = glue2 b ! rem>k on ! use ( x 9 "o ( ! prec$+ articles w hold good also 9 ?is1 & ! mixture may be made ) wat] only4 ,,to ,,make ,,comp\nd ,,glue4 ,take v f9e fl\r1 mix x ) :ite ( eggs1 is+lass1 & a little yea/2 m+le ! mat]ials2 beat !m well toge!r2 spread !m1 ! batt] be+ made ?9 ) gum-wat]1 on ev5 t9 plates1 & dry !m 9 a /ove1 !n cut !m out = use4 ,to color !m1 t+e ! pa/e ) ,brazil1 or v]milion = r$2 indigo or v]dit]1 c41 = blue2 saffron1 turm]ic1 or gamboge1 c41 = yell[4 ,,to ,,make ,,is+lass ,,glue4 ,?is is made by dissolv+ beat5 is+lass 9 wat] by boil+1 & hav+ /ra9$ x ?r\gh a co>se l95 clo?1 evaporat+ x aga9 to su* a consi/5ce1 t1 be+ cold1 ! glue w be p]fectly h>d & dry4 ,a great improvem5t is made 9 ?is glue by add+ _s ( w9e or br&y aft] x is /ra9$1 & !n r5ew+ ! evaporation till x ga9s ! due consi/5ce4 ,,to ,,make ,,is+lass ,,size4 ,?is may also be prep>$ 9 ! mann] above direct$ = ! glue1 by increas+ ! proportion ( ! wat] = dissolv+ x1 & ! same holds good ( p>*m5t size4 ,a bett] sort ( ! common size may be likewise made by treat+ cutt+s ( glov]s' lea!r 9 ! same mann]4 ,,new ,,wat]-,,pro( ,,clo?4 ,accord+ to a rec5t /atem5t ( ,m4 ,pay51 a *emi/ ( "s note1 clo? is r5d]$ wat]-pro( by ! aid ( alum & sug> ( lead1 )\t ! aid ( ,india-rubb] or gutta-p]*a1 or any o!r gums or oils4 ,! process giv5 is v simple1 & is claim$ to r5d] any species ( tissue wat]-pro(4 8,dissolve two p\nds & a half ( alum 9 f\r gallons ( wat]2 dissolve1 also1 9 a sep>ate vessel1 ! same weight ( acetate ( lead 9 ! same quantity ( wat]4 ,:5 bo? are ?or\ghly dissolv$ mix ! solutions toge!r1 & :5 ! sulphate ( lead1 result+ f ?is mixture1 has be5 precipitat$ to ! bottom ( ! vessel 9 ! =m ( a p[d]1 p\r (f ! solution1 & plunge into x ! tissue to be r5d]$ wat]-pro(4 ,wa% & rub x well dur+ a few m9utes1 & hang x 9 ! air to dry40 ,:5 dry1 ! fabric or clo? s treat$ w repel ra9 & moi/ure1 b all[ ! air or p]spiration to pass ?r\gh x4 ,imm]se dry timb] 9 a /rong solution ( alum1 & dry x 9 a kiln1 ! w>m] ! bett]1 & we w w>rant x to be ! be/ & *eape/ sub/ance = pres]v+ wood f decay & burn+4 ,to ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! nature & effects ( alum1 !y "k :at a great heat alum9a c /&1 & alum :5 depriv$ ( its wat] by /rong heat1 does n easily comb9e ) x aga91 by any common means4 ,!re=e1 ! reasonabl5ess ( ! =ego+ /atem5ts4 ,by wa%+ wood ) /rong soap suds1 all[+ x to dry1 & !n wa%+ x ) a /rong solution ( alum1 a mo/ excell5t wat]-pro( coat+ is ! result4 ,make up a weak solution ( soap conta9+ a v small quantity ( glue1 & imm]se pap] 9 x until x is wet ?r\gh4 ,n[ take x out1 dip x into a solution ( alum1 & dry x4 ,! alum1 glut51 gelat9e1 & soap unite toge!r1 & =m an insoluble comp\nd1 :i* coats e fibre ( ! textile fabric1 & :5 dry repels wat] l ! natural oil 9 ! fea!rs ( a duck4 ,!re are v>i\s sub/ances :i* are soluble 9 wat] s+ly1 b :5 comb9$ =m insoluble comp\nds1 & vice v]sa4 ,alum1 soap1 & gelat9e are soluble 9 wat] s+ly1 b =m insoluble comp\nds :5 unit$ *emically4 ,oil is insoluble 9 wat] s+ly1 b comb9$ ) cau/ic soda or pota% x =ms soluble soap4 ,su* are "s ( ! useful curiosities ( *emi/ry4 ,,to ,,r5d] ,,canvas ,,wat]-,,pro(4 ,take #g lbs4 ( soap & dissolve x 9 two gallons ( wat]1 & :ile at ! boil+ heat add #c lbs4 ( ! sulphate ( z9c 7:ite copp]as74 ,! sulphuric acid ( ! salt comb9es ) ! alkali ( ! soap1 & ! oxide ( ! salt comb9es ) its oil & =ms an insoluble metallic soap1 :i*1 :5 cold1 rises to ! surface & has ! appe>ance ( a :ite h>d mass4 ,?is is aft]w>ds re-boil$ to purify x4 ,! next /ep to be tak5 is to boil #b gallons ( l9se$ oil along ) "o p\nd ( pota% until x assumes a soapy appe>ance4 ,! :ole is n[ boil$ along ) two p\nds ( f9e animal *>coal & five qu>ts ( wat]1 :i* purifies ! mixture1 aft] an h\r's boil+1 :5 ! :ole is filt]$ & is ( a cle> color4 ,ab\t "o p\nd ( sug> ( lead 7acetate7 & "o p\nd ( ros9 is mix$ ) ! oil1 & boil$ = "o h\r4 ,into ?is mixture is /irr$ at a boil+ heat1 #b lbs4 ( ! metallic soap describ$ above1 & aft] x is dissolv$1 ab\t two qu>ts ( ,india-rubb] dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e is add$1 & ?is completes ! mak+ ( ! mixture4 ,?is is put on to ! canvas ) a bru% at ! heat ( #afj ,fah4 ,two coats w be f\nd suffici5t to make x wat]-pro(4 ,m h[ev] may be appli$4 ,ea* coat %\ld be all[$ to dry be=e ! o!r is put on4 ,if copp]as be employ$ 9 ?is mixture1 x w make x ( a br[n color1 & cobalt a blue4 ,to make lea!r wat]-pro(1 take equal quantities ( ! metallic soap & raw l9se$ oil1 mix !m toge!r1 & place ! liquid 9 at a heat ( #bbe & suff] x to cool gradually4 ,! lea!r %\ld be dri$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 :5 x w be p]fectly pliable4 ,any quantity ( ! above may be made1 s z ! proportions are ma9ta9$4 ,?is is a fir/ rate composition = ! purpose /at$1 & "o to :i* pa9t]s %\ld give peculi> att5tion1 s %\ld ! manufactur]s ( glaz$ & pat5t lea!r4 ,,japann+ ,,lea!r4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahch1 ,william ,gates1 ( ,hanov]1 ,n4 ,y41 receiv$ a pat5t = prep>+ & apply+ ela/ic japan to lea!r1 to produce ! k9d n[ kn[n by ! "n ( 8glaz$ lea!r40 ,two qu>ts ( l9se$ oil 7 boil$ until ! yell[ scum disappe>$1 & two ounces ( umb] & "o ( li?>ge 7 add$ & boil$ = an h\r & a half4 ,! fire 0 !n )drawn1 & all s$im5t all[$ to settle1 aft] :i* ! cle> liquor 0 run (f4 ,eight ounces ( ,india-rubb] 9 %r$s 7 !n heat$ 9 a close vessel ) two qu>ts ( turp5t9e1 & ! two qu>ts ( prep>$ l9se$ oil describ$ 7 add$1 & ! :ole kept boil+ until ! ,india-rubb] 0 dissolv$1 :5 eight ounces ( asphaltum 7 add$4 ,?is con/itut$ ! japan = ! lea!r4 ,x 0 put on ! lea!r ) a sponge or bru% & all[$ to dry1 :i* x did rapidly4 ,x 0 !n rubb$ d[n ) pumice /one1 !n ano!r coat laid on1 & s on successively1 l v>ni%+ & poli%+ mahogany or rosewood4 ,?is me?od ( japann+ lea!r is n[ public prop]ty4 ,,gum4 ,?is ^w /&s = a numb] ( sub/ances :i*1 :5 dissolv$ 9 suitable liquids1 possess a p[]ful adhesive prop]ty1 & ! common & well-kn[n gum-arabic may /& z a type ( ! class4 ,x is ! product ( an acacia1 & 0 orig9ally import$ into ,europe f ,b>b>y & ,morocco4 ,9 its pure/ condition1 x =ms :ite or r yell[i% masses1 :i* are de/itute ( any cry/all9e /ructure1 & break ) a %ell-l fracture4 ,its solutions are wrongly call$ mucilage1 :i* is an entirely diff]5t sub/ance4 ,gum-arabic dissolves 9 cold wat]1 f :i* ! pure gummy soluble pr9ciple c be precipitat$ by alcohol & by basic acetate ( lead4 ,arab9 is compos$ ( #db4a p] c5t4 ( c>bon1 #f4d p] c5t4 ( hydrog51 & #ea4e p] c5t4 ( oxyg51 :i*1 by a curi\s *emical co9cid5ce1 is exactly ! composition ( cry/alliz$ cane sug>1 & x illu/rates ! fact1 t among organic bodies1 sub/ances ( ! same ultimate composition may h v dissimil> prop]ties4 ,ano!r gum is mucilage1 v abundant 9 l9se$1 9 ! roots ( ! mall[1 9 salep1 & 9 ! fle%y roots ( ! or*is & o!r plants4 ,x is soluble 9 cold wat]1 b is less transp>5t ?an gum-arabic1 & x is precipitat$ by ! neutral acetate or sug> ( lead4 ,gum ,tragacan? is *iefly compos$ ( a k9d ( mucilage to :i* ! "n ( bassor9 has be5 giv51 & :i* does n dissolve 9 wat]1 b simply assumes a gelat9\s aspect4 ,cau/ic soda or pota% w dissolve x4 ,! pr9ciple use to :i* ?is gum is put1 is 9 ! manufacture ( m>bl$ pap]1 :]e x =ms ! ba? on :i* ! colors are ?r[n1 & f :i* !y are tak5 up by ! pap]4 ,c]as9 is ! insoluble portion ( ! gum ( ! *]ry tree1 & is ne>ly l bassor94 ,mr4 ,s*midt has det]m9$ ! composition ( ^! v>i\s sub/ances1 & has f\nd !m all m or less alli$ to />*1 inv>iably conta9+ hydrog5 & oxyg51 ! proportions 9 :i* !y =m wat]1 & all :5 treat$ ) acids yield grape sug>4 ,! jelly ( fruits or pect9 is closely relat$ to ! gums1 b z yet *emi/s h n paid mu* att5tion to x1 & consequ5tly mu* t is said ( x is m]ely conjectural4 ,,gum ,,arabic ,,cem5ts4 ,gum arabic1 dissolv$ 9 z small quantity ( wat] z may be1 & dilut$ to a prop] consi/5ce ) g91 or any pro( spirits1 =ms a v useful cem5t = all purposes :]e gum-wat] is commonly us$1 ! _s pres]v+ x f becom+ putresc5t4 ,z ! _s evaporates1 m %\ld be add$4 ,x %\ld be /irr$ & mix$ toge!r at ! "t ( us+4 ,if pla/] ( ,p>is be add$ to gum-wat]1 x makes a cem5t useful to ladies 9 filigree works4 ,gum ammoniac add$ to ! solution ( gum-arabic 9 pro( spirits v mu* improves ! cem5t4 ,x answ]s v well = jo9+ brok5 glass & ornam5tal articles ( porcela94 ,,directory4 ,9 ord] to enable /rang]s & m]*ants f abroad1 z well z ^? resid+ 9 ,new ,engl&1 to readily f9d "s ( ! lead+ h\ses 9 ,bo/on repres5t+ ! v>i\s bran*es 9 ! ,,boot ,,& ,,%oe ,,& ,,lea!r ,,trade1 also "s ( its collat]al helps1 9 ! way ( ,important ,inv5tions1 ,ag5cies1 c41 we h ins]t$ ,adv]tisem5ts & ,c>ds ( a few among ! _m t we "k to occupy highly respectable & reliable positions4 ,our space is necess>ily limit$1 & we !re=e pres5t b a brief li/1 yet suffici5tly l>ge to repres5t e important int]e/1 also "s ( ! mo/ valuable ,labor-sav+ ,ma*9es & ,inv5tions1 :i* are ( great practical utility to ! manufactur]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,vulcaniz$ ,,rubb] ,,soles4 ,?is ,sol+ has be5 gr[+ 9 favor ) ! public = ! pa/ few ye>s2 & recomm5d+ itself z x does1 = its ,,economy1 ,,durability ,,& ,,com=t1 & z a great pres]v] ( heal?1 be+ p]fectly ,,wat] ,,pro(1 des]ves g5]al introduction to ! p4 ,x is manufactur$ 9 %eets ab\t ?irty in*es wide1 & f "o-sixte5? to ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* ?ick1 suitable = ! ?9ne/ slipp] or ! heavie/ boot4 ,its application is p]fectly simple4 ,cem5t = putt+ x on1 be+ furni%$ by ! same manufactur]s4 ,,price3 ,,sol+ #fe c5ts p] p\nd1 ,,cem5t1 9 boxes1 ,no4 #a1 #i4jj2 ,no4 #b1 #d4ej2 ,no4 #c1 #c4jj p] doz4 ,,disc\nt f ! above prices made to ! trade4 ,,manufactur$ ,,& ,,sold ,,by ,,! ,,bo/on ,,belt+ ,,co41 ,corn] ,summ] & ,*auncy ,/s41 ,bo/on4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,grov] ,,bak]',s ,,sew+ ,,ma*9es1 = family ,sew+ & ,manufactur+1 #ah ,summ] ,/reet1 ,bo/on2 #die ,broadway1 ,new ,york2 #gcj ,*e/nut ,/reet1 ,philadelphia4 ,illu/ration ,f ! v flatt]+ mann] 9 :i* our ,ma*9es h be5 receiv$ by ! public1 7result+ 9 ! sale ( upw>ds ( ,,tw5ty ,,?\s&17 we are l$ to believe t our endeavors to manufacture a reliable ma*9e h be5 appreciat$4 ,we take ?is opportunity to rem>k t ?is policy w be un*ang$1 & t e ma*9e sold by u we %all n hesitate to w>rant 9 e respect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration ,,am]ican ,,ela/ic ,,clo? ,,co41 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,,ela/ic ,,clo?1 ,,= ,,gores ,,9 ,,congress ,,boots1 ,,w>rant$ to we> z well1 & give z good satisfaction z any o!r ,ela/ic goods ev] made1 & ,,?irty ,,p] ,,c5t4 ,,*eap]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,geo4 ,n4 ,,davis ,,bro41 ,nos4 #aeb & #aed ,congress ,/41 ,bo/on2 & ,no4 #afe ,william ,/41 ,new ,york1 ,commission ,m]*ants1 & ,manufactur]s' ,ag5ts1 ,,= ,,! ,,sale ,,( ,,e ,,description ,,( ,,india ,,rubb] ,,goods1 ,,enamell$ ,,clo?s1 c41 c4 ,an ,illu/rat$ & ,descriptive ,catalogue s5t1 on application1 & receipt ( two ,po/age ,/amps4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,h[ ,,bro!rs1 ,,import]s ,,& ,,deal]s ,,9 ,%oe ,manufactur]s ,goods4 ,,italian ,,clo?s1 ,,wor/$ ,,la/+s1 ,,s]ge ,,de ,,b]ris1 ,,union ,,la/+s1 ,,sat9 ,,francais1 ,,congress ,,rubb] ,,web1 ,,blea*$ ,,drills1 ,,br[n ,,ducks1 ,,blea*$ ,,ducks1 ,,fr5* ,,glove1 ,,calf1 ,,morocco ,,& ,,kid ,,sk9s1 ,,slipp] ,,patt]ns1 ,,ma*9e ,,silk1 ,,ma*9e ,,l95 ,,?read1 ,,silk1 ,,l95 ,,& ,,cotton ,,%oe ,,lac+s1 ,,sat9 ,,ribbons1 ,,%oe ,,buttons1 ,,black ,,& ,,color',d ,,union ,,galloons1 ,,eyelets1 ,,rosettes1 ,,ornam5ts1 ,,slipp] ,,ela/ics1 ,,/&>d #aj ,h4 ,b4 ,,& #c ,h4 ,b4 ,,%oe ,,?read4 ,all ( :i* we are prep>$ to (f] to ! trade at ! l[e/ m>ket rates4 ,,no4 #aa4 ,,pe>l ,,/41 ,,bo/on4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,boot ,,%oe ,,w>eh\se ,,h5ry ,l4 ,,daggett1 ,,:olesale ,,deal] ,,9 ,boots1 ,%oes & ,lea!r1 ,,& ,,import] ,,( ,,%oe ,,manufactur]s ,,goods1 ,,sole ,,ag5t ,,= ,,! ,congress ,rubb] ,company ,ela/ic ,webb+1 ,,= ,,gait] ,,boots4 ,,rubb] ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes on h&2 a complete assortm5t at ! l[e/ m>ket rates4 ,,jobb]s & ,,retail]s suppli$ on v favorable t]ms4 ,,manufactur]s & ,,deal]s w f9d at ?is ,w>eh\se a complete assortm5t ( goods 9 _! l9e :i* w be sold at ! l[e/ prices = ,,ca%1 or approv$ pap]4 ,,consignm5ts solicit$1 & advances made4 ,no4 #aja & #ajc ,pe>l ,/reet1 ,bo/on4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,l9dsley1 ,,%aw ,,co41 ,,:olesale ,,deal]s ,,9 ,,boots1 ,,%oes1 ,,& ,,rubb]s4 ,,also ,,manufacture ,m5's ,boy's & ,y\?'s ,calf ,boots1 & ,kip & ,calf ,brogans & ,ox=d ,ties1 ,,( ,,qualities ,,adapt$ ,,to ,,! ,,new ,,engl& ,,retail ,,trade4 ,,pe>l ,,/41 ,,cor4 ,,high1 ,,bo/on4 ,joseph ,c4 ,l9dsley1 ,!ron ,v4 ,%aw1 ,rufus ,gibbs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,amos ,p4 ,,tapley1 ,,deal] ,,9 ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes1 ,,( ,,prime ,,quality1 ,,= ,,! ,,new ,,engl& ,,& ,,we/]n ,,trade4 ,*amb]s1 ,pe>l1 corn] ,high ,/41 ,bo/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,h5ry ,,poor ,,son1 ,hide & ,lea!r ,deal]s1 & ,commission ,m]*ants1 ,no4 #hd ,nor? ,/reet1 ,bo/on4 ,,h5ry ,,poor1 ,,ed5 ,s4 ,,poor1 ,,h5ry ,c4 ,,poor1 ,,john ,o4 ,,poor1 ,,*as4 ,c4 ,,poor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,com9s ,,co41 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,pat5t1 ,enamell$1 ,buff & ,split ,lea!r1 ,,no4 #bb ,,dock ,,squ>e1 ,,bo/on4 ,l4 ,b4 ,,com9s4 ,f4 ,s4 ,,m]ritt4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,john ,b4 ,,alley ,,co41 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,pat5t1 ,enamell$1 ,split ,gra9 ,lea!r1 ,,calf ,,sk9s1 ,c4 ,,commission ,,m]*ants ,,= ,,! ,,sale ,,( ,,sole ,,lea!r1 ,,& ,,import]s ,,( ,,boot ,,& ,,%oe ,,manufactur]s' ,,goods ,,( ,,all ,,descriptions1 ,nos4 #afh #agj ,congress ,/41 ,bo/on4 ,,john ,b4 ,,alley1 ,h4 ,d4 ,,sweets]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,t[ns5d1 ,,mall>d ,,c[+1 ,,auctione]s1 ,,& ,,:olesale ,,deal]s ,,9 ,,boots1 ,,%oes ,,lea!r4 ,,ag5ts ,,= ,,! ,,wax-,,?read ,,sew+ ,,ma*9e4 ,nos4 #de #dg ,pe>l ,/41 ,bo/on4 ,,elm] ,,t[ns5d1 ,,w>r5 ,,mall>d1 ,,walt] ,h4 ,,c[+4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,a!rton1 ,,/etson ,,co41 ,manufactur]s & ,commission ,m]*ants1 ,boots1 ,%oes & ,lea!r1 con/antly on h& & = sale at l[e/ m>ket prices4 ,a4 ,s4 ,co4 are ! au?oriz$ ,,ag5ts = ,new ,engl& ,/ates ( ! ,,am]ican ,,ela/ic ,,clo? ,,co4',s ,,ela/ic ,,gor+1 a new & sup]ior article = ,,congress ,,boots4 #cd ,,pe>l ,,/reet1 ,,bo/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,co*rane1 ,,kimball ,,dimick1 ,successors to ,em]son1 ,co*rane ,co41 ,manufactur]s & ,:olesale ,deal]s 9 ,,boots1 ,,%oes ,,lea!r1 ,nos4 #fh #gj ,pe>l ,/reet1 ,bo/on4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,co*rane1 ,,a>on ,,kimball1 7,e4 ,c4 ,,em]son1 ,special ,p>tn]17 ,j4 ,c4 ,,dimick1 ,j4 ,t4 ,,spald+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,e4 ,,pack>d1 7,=m]ly ,holmes ,pack>d17 ,manufactur] ( ,boot ,%oe1 ,sole ,upp] ,lea!r ,cutt]s1 ,,we/boro'1 ,,mass4 ,alt]+ & ,repair+ done at %ort notice4 ,y\r ord]s are solicit$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s4 ,r4 ,,spauld+ ,,son1 ,hide1 ,lea!r & ,commission ,m]*ants1 #gh ,,pe>l ,,/reet1 ,,bo/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,field1 ,,conv]se ,,co41 ,,commission ,,m]*ants1 ,,deal]s ,,9 ,,hides1 ,,lea!r ,,oil1 #hh #ij ,nor? ,/reet1 ,bo/on4 ,j4 ,,field1 ,j4 ,w4 ,,conv]se1 ,j4 ,b4 ,,:all1 ,l4 ,,lit*field4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,james ,p4 ,,?orndike1 ,,commission ,,m]*ant1 ,,deal] ,,9 ,,hides1 ,,lea!r ,,oil1 #ic1 #ie #ig ,nor? ,/reet1 ,bo/on1 99 99 99 99 99 ,,william ,,tuttle1 ,,:olesale ,,lea!r ,,deal]1 ,,wax1 ,,african ,,kip1 ,,split1 c41 ,no4 #h ,black/one ,/41 up-/airs1 ,bo/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n4 ,,silve/]1 ,manufactur] ( ,boot & ,%oe ,patt]ns1 ,9 all ! diff]5t /yles ( ?is & o!r m>kets4 ,manufactur]s or o!rs s5d+ /yles w please s5d ! l>ge/ size ( ! set want$4 ,all patt]ns made f my /&>ds1 ( :i* ,i h ?\s&s1 w be w>rant$ to give satisfaction2 if n1 !y may be ex*ang$ = any o!r k9d1 if !y are return$ 9 good condition1 & 9 a reasonable "t4 ,,please ,,give ,,me ,a ,,call ,,at ,no4 #h ,black/one ,/reet1 ,bo/on4 ,,t]ms--,,ca% ,,on ,,deliv]y4 ,manufactur]s & o!rs s5d+ by ,expressm5 = ,patt]ns1 w please rememb] my t]ms4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,sew+ ,,ma*9es4 ,illu/ration ,,expressly ,,= ,,%oe ,,manufactur]s4 ,,ladd1 ,,web/] ,,co4 ,desire to call ! att5tion ( all :o h occasion to sew ,lea!r1 to _! v sup]ior ,,sew+ ,,ma*9es1 int5d$ expressly = t use4 ,all ! new valuable improvem5ts h be5 add$ to make ! ,sew+ ,ma*9e sold by !m ! be/1 & 9 e respect mo/ satisfactory ( all t are adapt$ to manufactur]'s purposes4 ,!y make a /rong lock /it* t _c be ,ravell$ or ,pull$ ,out4 ,!y /it* ,alike on ,bo? ,sides ( ! "w1 )\t =m+ ridges und]nea?4 ,!y are ,p]fectly ,simple1 & ! managem5t ( !m easily acquir$4 ,any spool ( ,cotton1 ,?read or ,silk sold at ! /ores1 may be us$ )\t re-w9d+4 ,illu/ration ,,ladd1 ,,web/] ,co's4 ,,family ,sew+ ,ma*9es1 ,are ,unrivall$ = ,simplicity1 ,durability1 ,beauty & ease ( ,op]ation4 ,let ,manufactur]s1 ,plant]s1 ,f>m]s1 ,h\sekeep]s1 or any o!r p]sons 9 se>* ( an in/rum5t to execute any k9d ( sew+ n[ done by ma*9]y1 make sure !y secure ! be/1 by exam9+ ours be=e pur*as+4 ,,ladd1 ,,web/] ,co41 ,,successors ,,to ,,hunt1 ,,web/] ,co41 ,cor4 ,essex ,l9coln ,/s41 ,bo/on1 #dfi ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illu/ration ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,moses ,,hunt ,,co41 ,,ag5ts ,,= ,,! ,,sale ,,( ,a4 ,,ri*>dson',s ,,pat5t ,,union ,,lea!r ,,splitt+ ,,ma*9es1 ,also1 ,deal]s 9 ,lea!r1 ,tann]s' & ,curri]s' ,tools1 c4 ,no4 #fj ,black/one ,/41 ,bo/on1 #cf ,spruce ,/41 ,new ,york4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,lea!r ,,cutt+ ,,ma*9es4 ,,! ,,subscrib]s ,,cont9ue ,,to ,,manufacture ,sole ,cutt+ & ,/ripp+ ,ma*9es1 ) all ! late/ improvem5ts1 :i* !y w>rant on all k9ds ( "w4 ,^! ma*9es h be5 ?or\ghly te/$1 & h be5 pref]r$1 9 e case1 ov] all o!rs 9 use1 z !y d n get out ( ord]1 or break d[n1 are easily manag$1 cut quick]1 & ) less noise ?an any o!r4 ,,ord]s by mail1 ) suitable ref]5ce 9 ,lynn or ,bo/on1 promptly att5d$ to4 ,full in/ructions to op]ate s5t ) e ma*9e4 ,,second ,,h& ,,ma*9es1 9 good ord]1 = sale *eap4 ,all k9ds ( ,ma*9es repair$1 & satisfaction gu>ante$4 ,,knox ,,dit*burn1 #h ,m>ket ,/reet1 ,lynn1 ,mass4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,goodye> ,%oe ,association4 ,,circul>4 ,?is ,association1 rec5tly =m$1 desire to acqua9t ! public ) ! causes :i* result$ 9 ! comb9ation kn[n by ! /yle ( ! 8,goodye> ,%oe ,association40 ,dur+ ! ye>s #aheg & #aheh1 ! f9ancial crisis 0 ke5ly felt by ! ,india ,rubb] ,%oe int]e/1 9 common ) o!r bran*es ( trade4 ,! tr\bles exp]i5c$ by ! manufactur]s ( ,rubb]s 7 greatly enhanc$ f ! non-uni=mity 9 prices & disc\nts1 betwe5 ! v>i\s ag5cies4 ,?is abs5ce ( a regul> t>iff 0 productive ( di/ru/ 9 ! pur*as]s & great emb>rassm5t 9 ! trade4 ,"s me?od ( action :]eby ^! di/urb+ causes & effects c\ld be reconcil$1 & h>mony ( action1 & confid5ce 9 ! /ability ( ! prices ask$ = goods be re/or$1 0 deem$ ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,to ?is end ! sev]al legaliz$ ,companies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 manufactur+ ,boots & ,%oes "u ,goodye>'s ,pat5t1 agre$ ^u a basis ( action1 & effect$ a consolidation1 ! pr9cipal po9ts ( :i* are-- ,fir/4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( two bran* ag5cies1 ?r\gh "o or ! o!r ( :i* all goods manufactur$ by ! ,companies mu/ pass4 ,second4 ,by limit+ ! manufacture ( goods s t ! m>ket %all n be ov]/ock$2 b1 s f> z c be arriv$ at1 ! supply & dem& %all be equal4 ,?ird4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a uni=m t>iff ( prices & rate ( disc\nt4 ,,ag5ts4 ,,wales1 ,,emmons ,co41 #ff ,pe>l ,/41 ,bo/on4 ,,br$5 ,,s\?wick1 #ajg #aji ,lib]ty ,/41 ,new ,york4 ,n4 ,n4 ,,hal/ead1 ,,presid5t1 ,e4 ,s4 ,,conv]se1 ,,secret>y4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,& ,=eign ,pat5t ,ag5cy4 ,,samuel ,,coop]1 ,,late ,,pr9cipal ,,exam9] ,,( ,,pat5ts ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,pat5t ,,(fice ,,at ,,wa%+ton4 ,(fice1 ,web/] ,build+1 ,no4 #ac ,ex*ange ,/reet1 ,,bo/on4 ,,pat5ts procur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 all o!r pat5t grant+ c\ntries4 ,,specifications & ,,draw+s prep>$4 ,,caveats fil$4 ,,reconsid]ations procur$1 ( applications t h be5 reject$ ^u imp]fectly prep>$ pap]s4 ,,int]f]5ces prosecut$4 ,,re-,,issues & ,,ext5sions procur$4 ,^? unacqua9t$ ) him are ref]r$ to foll[+ te/imonials3 ,f ! ,hon4 ,,*>les ,,mason1 ,commission] ( ,pat5ts4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,pat5t ,,(fice1 ,feb4 #bh1 #ahee4 8,i take great pleasure 9 /at+ t dur+ ! "t ,i h be5 act+ z ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 ,samuel ,coop]1 ,esq41 ( ,bo/on1 has be5 engag$ z solicitor1 & has be5 engag$ 9 t capacity 9 con/ant correspond5ce & int]c\rse ) ! (fice2 he has ev9c$ a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ,pat5t ,law1 & ) ! rules & practice ( ! ,(fice1 a close att5tion to ! int]e/s ( 8 cli5ts1 & a m>k$ c&or & c\rtesy t has r5d]$ ! transaction ( bus9ess ) him a pleasure4 ,i h no hesitation 9 /at+ t ,i reg>d him z "o ( ! v be/ ag5ts = ! transaction ( bus9ess ) ?is ,(fice1 ) :om ,i am acqua9t$4 ,,*>les ,,mason1 ,commission]40 ,f ! ,,exam9]s 9 ! ,,pat5t ,,(fice4 8,! und]sign$1 ,pr9cipal & ,assi/ant ,exam9]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice1 h = sev]al ye>s be5 well acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,samuel ,coop]1 lately a ,pr9cipal ,exam9] 9 ?is ,(fice1 & take pleasure 9 /at+ t he is a g5tleman ( ! highe/ moral "*1 ( unque/ion$ k 9 ! bus9ess & practice ( ! ,(fice1 & t 8 sci5tific atta9m5ts are su* z em95tly fit him = ! bus9ess 9 :i* he is ab\t to engage40 ,,h5ry ,b4 ,,r5wick1 ,l4 ,d4 ,,gale1 ,pr9cipal ,j4 ,h4 ,,lane1 ,exam9]s4 ,t4 ,r4 ,,peale1 ,,?os4 ,t4 ,,ev]ett1 ,assi/ant ,p4 ,,s\?gate ,,smi?1 ,exam9]s4 ,,william ,c4 ,,langdon1 8,f long acqua9tance1 & intimate (ficial relations ) ,mr4 ,coop]1 ,i fully & he>tily concur 9 ! =ego+ recomm5dation made by my late colleagues40 ,,wm4 ,p4 ,n4 ,,fitzg]ald1 late ,pr9cipal ,exam9] ( ,pat5ts ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,g5tlem5',s ,boot & ,%oe ,emporium1 ,,no4 #aj ,,s*ool ,,/reet4 ,,israel ,m4 ,,rice1 ,proprietor4 ,?is ,e/abli%m5t1 ( ?irte5 ye>s' /&+1 has long s9ce become ! popul> resort = g5tlem5 :o desire fir/ class ,boots1 ,%oes & ,gait]s4 ,i import1 v l>gely1 ,fr5* ,boats1 ,%oes & ,gait]s1 f ! well kn[n manufactories ( ,,gan ,,=r1 & o!r equally celebrat$ mak]s4 ,i also make to measure1 all /yles ( "w1 f ! *oice/ ,fr5* ,/ock1 ( my own importation4 ,i employ none b sci5tific workm51 & all goods f my e/abli%m5t are w>rant$ equal to ! be/4 ,,israel ,m4 ,,rice1 ,no4 #aj ,s*ool ,/reet4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,j5k9s' ,,presses ,,& ,,heat]s4 ,,j5k9s' ,,pat5t ,,presses ,,& ,,heat]s1 = mak+ ,cem5t$ ,boots & ,%oes1 are manufactur$ at ,lynn1 ,mass41 :]e may be f\nd ,presses & ,heat]s 9 practical op]ation1 & = sale1 ( any requir$ =m or size1 made "u ! imm$iate att5tion ( ! ,pat5tee1 :o w att5d to putt+ !m up 9 p]son1 & w give ! manufactur] 8 assi/ance 9 prep>+ & mak+ ! v>i\s ,cem5ts1 & _! prop] application1 9 mak+ any =m ( ,boot or ,%oe1 toge!r ) 8 practical application ( ,gutta ,p]*a to ,boots & ,%oes = ! la/ n9e ye>s1 includ+ 8 exp]i5ce 9 mak+ & us+1 = a numb] ( mon?s at ,ball>dvale4 ,! ,/eam ,la/s1 inv5t$ & pat5t$ by ,mr4 ,*>les ,rice & ! late ,syranus ,h4 ,:>f1 !re also may be se5 a full set ( ,/eam ,la/s = mak+ ,boots & ,%oes1 accord+ to said pat5ts4 ,any fur!r in=mation respect+ ! ,presses or ,heat]s c be obta9$ by address+ ,,?omas ,p4 ,,bancr(t1 ,lynn1 ,mass4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,la/s ,,& ,,boot ,,trees4 ,,samuel ,,cox ,,sons1 ,manufactur]s ( e description ( ,,la/s ,,& ,,boot ,,trees4 ,,= ,,lea!r ,,"w ,,( ,,all ,,k9ds4 ,,also ,,= ,,india ,,rubb] ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes1 all ( :i* are manufactur$ f ! be/ ( ,/ock1 ?or\ghly season$4 ,ord]s answ]$ ) promptness & seasonable despat*4 ,! ,la/ ,manufactory ( ,cox & ,sons is "o ( ! olde/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,manufactory is locat$ at ,mald51 ,mass4 ,(fice1 #ib ,pe>l ,/reet1 ,bo/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,?reads1 ,,l951 ,,cotton ,,silk1 ,,= ,,e ,,description ,,( ,,sew+ ,,ma*9es4 ,,%oe ,,?read1 ,,sadl]s' d ,,gill+ d ,,m>%all',s d ,,cable ,,?reads1 ,,sea ,,isl& ,,cotton1 ,,erman',s ,,diamond d ,,phillip',s ,,wax$ d ,also1 ,,tw9e ( e v>iety4 ,,ross ,,pe>ce1 ,no4 #g ,lib]ty ,squ>e1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ag5t ,,= ,,lic5ses4 ,,*>les ,,rice1 #hd ,pe>l ,/reet1 ,bo/on1 is ! ,ag5t = ! ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,pat5t ,,boot ,,& ,,%oe ,,co4 = grant+ ,,lic5ces = ! manufacture ( ,,cem5t$ ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes "u ,ty] ,helm's ,pat5t1 allusion to :i* is made 9 ?is "w4 ,t]ms #b p] c5t4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,rubb] ,,& ,,gutta ,,p]*a ,,%oe ,,f9d+s1 ,,v>i\s ,,rubb] ,,fabrics ,,articles4 ,,mattson ,,co41 ,proprietors ( ! ,roxbury ,rubb] ,factory1 ,are prep>$ to manufacture ! foll[+ new articles requir$ = ! ,,cem5t$ ,,boots & ,,%oes1 :i* are creat+ a new era 9 ! ,%oe bus9ess3 ,gutta ,p]*a & ,rubb] ,cem5ts4 ,c\nt]s or ,/iff5+s1 ( any requir$ comp\nd4 ,wat]-,pro( l9+s = ! ,upp]s1 sup]ior to & *eap] ?an ,oil$ ,silk4 ,wat]-,pro( ,middle ,sol+ suit$ to pegg$ or sew$ ,boots or ,%oes1 7a mo/ desirable article47 ,gutta ,p]*a ,inn] ,sol+ ( any requir$ ?ickness or comp\nd1 spread on clo? or o!rwise4 ,crude ,gutta ,p]*a clean$ & roll$ into ?9 %eets1 suitable = mak+ ,cem5ts4 ,,also ,,on ,,h& ,,! ,,ord9>y ,,rubb] ,,sol+1 adapt$ 9 ?ickness to a lady's slipp] or a heavy boot1 ) ,boxes ( ,,cem5t = putt+ on ! same4 ,we also manufacture ! *eape/ ,,rubb] ,,coats 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z well z ^? ( ! f9e/ quality2 ,,"u-,,%eet+ = ! protection ( ,b$s2 ,piano1 ,melodeon & ,table ,cov]s2 ,air ,b$s1 ,pill[s & ,cu%ions1 c4 ,dr4 ,mattson's ,,ela/ic ,,syr+es1 to :i* ,f\r ,silv] ,m$als _h be5 aw>d$4 ,,mattson ,,co41 ,no4 #a ,tremont ,temple1 ,bo/on4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,boswor?',s #be ,,sew+ ,,ma*9e4 ,illu/ration ,?is ma*9e is decid$ly ! be/ 9 ! m>ket = ,,family ,,use1 & is w>rant$ to sew on e fabric ) cotton or silk on ! orig9al spools2 x w n drop /it*es nor get out ( ord]3 no *>ge made = repairs4 ,x is ! mo/ simple & p]fect ma*9e ev] inv5t$1 & ! inv5tor feels confid5t t all :o pur*ase x w f9d :at !y h long s\ght1 a p]fect & reliable ,ma*9e at ! l[ price ( ,,tw5ty-,,five ,,doll>s4 ,ref]5ce w be giv5 to p>ties wi%+ to pur*ase1 to _m families :o h ! ma*9e 9 practical use1 :i* is ! only true te/ by :i* a pur*as] c be sure ( obta9+ a good ma*9e4 ,all ord]s address$ to ! subscrib] w meet ) prompt att5tion4 ,ag5ts w be suppli$ ) ma*9es at a lib]al disc\nt1 & t[ns secur$ to !m4 ,only "o ,ag5t w be appo9t$ 9 a place2 pref]5ce be+ giv5 to ! be/ location4 ,all lett]s mu/ be address$ to ! subscrib]4 ,l4 ,,/etson1 ,ag5t1 ,no4 #c ,tremont ,r[1 7,up ,/airs17 ,op4 ,head ( ,hanov] ,/4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,upp] ,,patt]ns1 ,,proportion$ ,,by ,,ma*9]y4 ,aft] long exp]i5ce 9 ! ,,la/ & ,,patt]n ,,bus9ess1 ,i h accompli%$ t :i* has hi!rto be5 consid]$ an impossibility1 viz41 ,draw+ & ,proportion+ correctly1 sets ( ,,boot ,,& ,,%oe ,,patt]ns1 ( all sizes1 f "o model by ma*9]y1 giv+ ea* piece its proportion$ size & %ape4 ,= full description & illu/ration1 see ,diagrams on pages #ha to #hh1 inclusive4 ,! ma*9e is us$ by ,b4 ,f4 ,p>rott1 ,no4 #d ,ex*ange ,/41 ,bo/on1 to :om all ord]s = patt]ns %\ld be address$4 ,also on h&1 a l>ge assortm5t ( ,,boot & ,,%oe ,,models1 f :i* he w manufacture ,patt]ns f ,pap]1 ,pa/ebo>d or ,z9c4 ,pa/ebo>d b\nd ) ,brass4 ,also ,patt]ns copi$ f any ,boot or ,%oe :i* may be s5t z a model4 ,i am also manufactur+ ,,wom5',s1 ,,misses' & ,,*ildr5',s ,,la/s & ,,patt]ns to correspond )1 & fit ! patt]ns above ref]r$ to1 by :i* means ! ,boot & ,%oe manufactur+ is /ill fur!r facilitat$4 ,fur!r in=mation may be obta9$ by apply+ to ,g4 ,w4 ,,p>rott1 ,me*anic ,/eam ,mills1 ,broad ,/41 ,lynn1 ,mass4 ,! ,patt]ns above ref]r$ to are us$ by ! pr9cipal ,manufactur]s 9 ?is city & vic9ity4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,"o ,,price ,,%oe ,,/ore4 ,,lamk9 ,,gre5e1 ,,coolidge ,,build+1 ,,opposite ,,rev]e ,,h\se1 ,,bo/on1 ,,keep ,,con/antly ,,on ,,h& ,,fr5* ,,am]ican ,,boots ,,%oes1 ,( ! mo/ fa%ionable /yles1 :i* !y (f] at ! l[e/ prices4 ,,boots ,,& ,,%oes ,,made ,,to ,,ord]1 ,j4 ,h4 ,,gre5e4 ,g4 ,,lamk94 99 99 99 99 99 ,r4 ,f4 ,,knott1 ,,ladies ,,%oemak]s1 #af ,,s*ool ,,/reet1 ,,bo/on4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,p4 #afd1 *ang$ 8f ab\t #cjj to #cf4jj pr(it0 to 8f ab\t #c4jj to #cf4jj pr(it04 #b4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors & v>iations 9 spell+4 #c4 ,reta9$ ana*roni/ic1 non-/&>d1 & unc]ta9 spell+s z pr9t$4 #d4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4 #e4 ,enclos$ bold font 9 equals4