,compil$ by ,david ,widg]      ,,cont5ts
   ,,! ,,conte/ ,,9 ,,am]ica            
,,consid]ations ,,on ,,repres5tative    
,,gov]nm5t    ,,autobiography           
,,utilit>ianism    ,,"s ,,unsettl$      
,,que/ions ,,( ,,political ,,economy    
,,augu/ ,,comte ,,& ,,positivism  ,,!   
,,subjection ,,( ,,wom5    ,,pr9ciples  
,,( ,,political ,,economy  ,,on ,,lib]ty
    #g? ,,ed4 ,,vol #a3 ,a ,,sy/em ,,(  
,,logic ,,ratioc9ative ,,& ,,inductive  
#g? ,,ed1 ,vol4 ,,ii3 ,a ,,sy/em ,,(    
,,logic ,,ratioc9ative ,,& ,,inductive  
#h? ,,ed3 ,a ,,sy/em ,,( ,,logic        
,,ratioc9ative ,,& ,,inductive          
,,socialism    ,,ph5om5a ,,( ,,! ,,human
 ,,m9d        ,,tables ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,(
 ,,volumes      ,,consid]ations ,,on    
,,repres5tative ,,gov]nm5t ,by ,john    
,/u>t ,mill    ,,cont5ts ,preface ,*apt]
 ,i  ,to ,:at ,ext5t ,=ms ( ,gov]nm5t   
are a ,matt] ( ,*oice4 ,*apt] ,,ii  ,!  
,crit]ion ( a ,good ,=m ( ,gov]nm5t4    
,*apt] ,,iii  ,t ! ideally be/ ,=m (    
,gov]nm5t is ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t4  

,*apt] ,,iv  ,"u :at ,social ,conditions
 ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t is            
,inapplicable4 ,*apt] ,v  ,( ! ,prop]   
,functions ( ,repres5tative ,bodies4    
,*apt] ,,vi  ,( ! ,infirmities & ,dang]s
 to :i* ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t is     
,liable4 ,*apt] ,,vii  ,( ,true & ,false
 ,democracy2 ,repres5tation ( ,all1 &   
,repres5tation ( ! ,majority only4      
,*apt] ,,viii  ,( ! ,ext5sion ( !       
,suffrage4 ,*apt] ,,ix  ,%\ld !re be    
,two ,/ages ( ,election8 ,*apt] ,x  ,( !
 ,mode ( ,vot+4 ,*apt] ,,xi  ,( !       
,duration ( ,p>liam5ts4 ,*apt] ,,xii    
,ought ,pl$ges to be ,requir$ f ,memb]s 
( ,p>liam5t8 ,*apt] ,,xiii  ,( a ,second
 ,*amb]4 ,*apt] ,,xiv  ,( ! ,executive 9
 a ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t4 ,*apt] ,,xv
  ,( ,local ,repres5tative ,bodies4     
,*apt] ,,xvi  ,( ,nationality1 z        
connect$ ) ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t4    
,*apt] ,,xvii  ,( ,f$]al ,repres5tative 
,gov]nm5ts4 ,*apt] ,,xviii  ,( !        
,gov]nm5t ( ,dep5d5cies by a ,free      
,/ate4 ,footnotes      ,,autobiography  

,by ,john ,/u>t ,mill    ,,cont5ts      
,,*apt] ,i  #ahjf-ahai -- ,,*ildhood ,,&
 ,,e>ly ,,education ,,*apt] ,,ii        
#ahac-ahba -- ,,moral ,,influ5ces ,,9   
,,e>ly ,,y\? -- ,,my ,,fa!r',s ,,"* ,,& 
,,op9ions ,,*apt] ,,iii  #ahba-ahbc --  
,,la/ ,,/age ,,( ,,education1 ,,& ,,fir/
 ,,( ,,self-,,education ,,*apt] ,,iv    
#ahbc-ahbh -- ,,y\?ful ,,propag&ism4 ,,!
 ,,we/m9/] ,,review ,,*apt] ,v          
#ahbf-ahcb -- ,,crisis ,,9 ,,my ,,m5tal 
,,hi/ory4 ,,"o ,,/age ,,onw>d ,,*apt]   
,,vi4  #ahcj-ahdj -- ,,comm5cem5t ,,(   
,,! ,,mo/ ,,valuable ,,fri5d%ip ,,( ,,my
 ,,life--,,my ,,fa!r',s ,,dea?--,,writ+s
 ,,& ,,o!r ,,proce$+s ,,up ,,to #ahdj   
,,*apt] ,,vii4  #ahdj-ahgj -- ,,g5]al   
,,view ,,( ,,! ,,rema9d] ,,( ,,my       
,,life4--,,completion ,,( ,,! ,,sy/em   
,,( ,,logic--,,publication ,,( ,,!      
,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,political ,,economy   
--,,m>riage--,,retirem5t ,,f ,,! ,,india
 ,,h\se--,,publication ,,( ,,lib]ty     
--,,consid]ations ,,on ,,repres5tative  
,,gov]nm5t--,,civil ,,w> ,,9 ,,am]ica   

--,,exam9ation ,,( ,,sir ,,william      
,,hamilton',s ,,philosophy--,,p>liam5t>y
 ,,life --,,rema9d] ,,( ,,my ,,life     
,,notes3      ,,utilit>ianism ,by ,john 
,/u>t ,mill     ,,cont5ts ,,cont5ts4    
,,*apt] ,i  ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks ,,*apt]    
,,ii  ,,:at ,,utilit>ianism ,,is ,,*apt]
 ,,iii  ,,( ,,! ,,ultimate ,,sanction   
,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,utility ,,*apt]
 ,,iv  ,,( ,,:at ,,sort ,,( ,,pro( ,,!  
,,pr9ciple ,,( ,,utility ,,is           
,,susceptible ,,*apt] ,v  ,,( ,,!       
,,connexion ,,betwe5 ,,ju/ice ,,&       
,,utility      ,,essays ,,on ,,"s       
,,unsettl$ ,,que/ions ,,( ,,political   
,,economy ,by ,john ,/u>t ,mill         
,,cont5ts ,,preface4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,essay 
,i4  ,( ! ,laws ( ,int]*ange betwe5     
,nations2 & ! ,di/ribution ( ! ,ga9s (  
,comm]ce among ! ,c\ntries ( !          
,comm]cial ,_w ,,essay ,,ii4  ,( !      
,influ5ce ( ,consumption ^u ,production 
,,essay ,,iii4  ,on ! ,words ,productive
 & ,unproductive ,,essay ,,iv4  ,on     
,pr(its1 & ,int]e/ ,,essay ,v4  ,on !   

,def9ition ( ,political ,economy2 & on !
 ,me?od ( ,inve/igation prop] to x      
,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,political ,,economy   
,by ,john ,/u>t ,mill ,cont5ts ,preface4
 ,introductory4 ,a ,sket* ,( ,! ,hi/ory 
,( ,political ,economy4 ,books ,=       
,consultation 7,f ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,&    
,g]man ,au?ors74 ,prelim9>y ,rem>ks4    
,book ,i4 ,production4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,! 
,requisites ,( ,production4  #a4 ,!     
requisites ( production4  #b4 ,! ,second
 ,requisite ( ,production1 ,labor4  #c4 
,( ,capital z a ,requisite (            
,production4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,(            
,unproductive ,labor4  #a4 ,def9ition ( 
,productive & ,unproductive ,labor4  #b4
 ,productive & ,unproductive            
,consumption4  #c4 ,di/9ction ,betwe5   
,labor = ! ,supply ( ,productive        
,consumption & ,labor = ! ,supply (     
,unproductive ,consumption4 ,*apt]      
,,iii4 ,( ,capital4  #a4 ,capital is    
,weal? ,appropriat$ to ,reproductive    
,employm5t4  #b4 ,m ,capital ,devot$ to 
,production ?an ,actually ,employ$ 9 x4 

#c4 ,exam9ation ( ,cases ,illu/rative ( 
! ,idea ( ,capital4 ,*apt] ,,iv4        
,fundam5tal ,propositions ,respect+     
,capital4  #a4 ,indu/ry is ,limit$ by   
,capital4  #b4 ,increase ( ,capital     
gives ,increas$ ,employm5t to ,labor1   
,)\t ,assignable ,b\nds4  #c4 ,capital  
is ! result ( ,sav+1 & all ,capital is  
,consum$4  #d4 ,capital is kept up by   
,p]petual ,reproduction1 z %[n by !     
,recov]y ( ,c\ntries f ,deva/ation4  #e4
 ,effects ( ,defray+ ,gov]nm5t          
,exp5diture by ,loans4  #f4 ,dem& =     
,commodities is n ,dem& = ,labor4 ,*apt]
 ,v4 ,on ,circulat+ ,& ,fix$ ,capital4  
#a4 ,fix$ & ,circulat+ ,capital4  #b4   
,increase ( ,fix$ ,capital1 :51 at !    
,exp5se ( ,circulat+1 might be          
,detrim5tal to ! ,labor]s4  #c4 -,?is   
seldom1 if ev]1 occurs4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( 
,causes ,affect+ ,! ,effici5cy ,(       
,production4  #a4 ,g5]al ,causes (      
,sup]ior ,productiv5ess4  #b4           
,comb9ation & ,division ( ,labor        
,increase ,productiv5ess4  #c4          

,advantages ( ,division ( ,labor4  #d4  
,production on a ,l>ge & ,production on 
a ,small ,scale4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,!    
,law ,( ,! ,increase ,( ,labor4  #a4 ,! 
,law ( ! ,increase ( ,production ,dep5ds
 on ^? ( ,?ree ,elem5ts-,labor4         
,capital1 & ,l&4  #b4 ,! ,law (         
,population4  #c4 ,by :at ,*ecks !      
,increase ( ,population is ,practically 
,limit$4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ,! ,law ,( ,!
 ,increase ,( ,capital4  #a4 ,means =   
,sav+ 9 ! ,surplus above ,necess>ies4   
#b4 ,motive = ,sav+ 9 ! ,surplus above  
,necess>ies4  #c4 ,examples ( ,defici5cy
 9 ! ,/r5g? ( ?is ,desire4  #d4         
,examples ( ,excess ( ?is ,desire4      
,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ,! ,law ,( ,! ,increase 
,( ,production ,f ,l&4  #a4 ,! ,law (   
,production f ! ,soil1 a ,law ( ,dim9i%+
 ,return 9 ,proportion to ! ,increas$   
,application ( ,labor & ,capital4  #b4  
,antagoni/ ,pr9ciple to ! ,law (        
,dim9i%+ ,return2 ! ,progress (         
,improvem5ts 9 ,production4  #c4 -,9    
,railways4  #d4 -,9 ,manufactures4  #e4 

,law ,holds ,true ( ,m9+4 ,*apt] ,x4    
,consequ5ces ,( ,! ,=ego+ ,laws4  #a4   
,rem$ies = ,weakness ( ! ,pr9ciple (    
,accumulation4  #b4 ,ev5 :]e ! ,desire  
to ,accumulate is ,/rong1 ,population   
mu/ be ,kept )9 ! ,limits ( ,population 
f ,l&4  #c4 ,necessity ( ,re/ra9+       
,population n sup]s$$ by ,free ,trade 9 
,food4  #d4 -,nor by ,emigration4 ,book 
,,ii4 ,di/ribution4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,(       
,prop]ty4  #a4 ,individual ,prop]ty &   
its oppon5ts4  #b4 ,! case = ,communism 
aga9/ private prop]ty pres5t$4  #c4 ,!  
,sociali/s :o appeal to /ate-help4  #d4 
,( v>i\s m9or s*emes1 ,communi/ic &     
,sociali/ic4  #e4 ,! ,sociali/          
objections to ! pres5t ord] ( ,society  
exam9$4  #f4 ,prop]ty 9 l& diff]5t f    
prop]ty 9 ,movables4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,(    
,wages4  #a4 ,( ,competition & ,cu/om4  
#b4 ,! ,wages-fund1 & ! ,objections to x
 ,consid]$4  #c4 ,exam9ation ( "s popul>
 ,op9ions respect+ ,wages4  #d4 ,c]ta9  
r>e ,circum/ances except$1 ,high ,wages 
imply ,re/ra9ts on ,population4  #e4    

,due ,re/riction ( ,population ! only   
,safegu>d ( a ,labor+-,class4 ,*apt]    
,,iii4 ,( ,rem$ies ,= ,l[ ,wages4  #a4  
,a ,legal or ,cu/om>y ,m9imum ( ,wages1 
) a ,gu>antee ( ,employm5t4  #b4 -,w\ld 
,require z a ,condition ,legal ,measures
 = ,repression ( ,population4  #c4      
,all[ances 9 ,aid ( ,wages & ! ,/&>d (  
,liv+4  #d4 ,gr\nds = ,expect+          
,improvem5t 9 ,public ,op9ion on !      
,subject ( ,population4  #e4 ,tw(old    
means ( ,elevat+ ! ,habits ( !          
,labor+-,p2 by ,education1 & by ,=eign &
 ,home ,colonization4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,!
 ,diff]5ces ,( ,wages ,9 ,diff]5t       
,employm5ts4  #a4 ,diff]5ces ( ,wages   
,aris+ f ,diff]5t ,degrees (            
,attractiv5ess 9 ,diff]5t ,employm5ts4  
#b4 ,diff]5ces aris+ f ,natural         
,monopolies4  #c4 ,effect on ,wages ( ! 
,competition ( ,p]sons hav+ o!r ,means (
 ,support4  #d4 ,wages ( ,wom51 :y ,l[] 
?an ^? ( ,m54  #e4 ,diff]5ces ( ,wages  
,aris+ f ,laws1 ,comb9ations1 or        
,cu/oms4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,pr(its4  #a4    

,pr(its include ,int]e/ & ,risk2 b1     
correctly speak+1 d n include ,wages (  
,sup]9t5d5ce4  #b4 ,! ,m9imum ( ,pr(its2
 :at produces ,v>iations 9 ! ,am\nt (   
,pr(its4  #c4 ,g5]al ,t5d5cy ( ,pr(its  
to an ,equality4  #d4 ,! ,cause ( !     
,exi/5ce ( any ,pr(it2 ! ,advances (    
,capitali/s consi/ ( ,wages ( ,labor4   
#e4 ,! ,rate ( ,pr(it dep5ds on ! ,co/ (
 ,labor4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,r5t4  #a4 ,r5t
 ! ,effect ( a ,natural ,monopoly4  #b4 
,no ,l& c pay ,r5t except ,l& ( su*     
,quality or ,situation z exi/s 9 less   
,quantity ?an ! ,dem&4  #c4 ,! ,r5t (   
,l& is ! ,excess ( its ,return above !  
,return to ! wor/ ,l& 9 ,cultivation4   
#d4 -,or to ! ,capital employ$ 9 ! lea/ 
advantage\s ,circum/ances4  #e4 ,oppos+ 
,views ( ! ,law ( ,r5t4  #f4 ,r5t does n
 ent] into ! ,co/ ( ,production (       
,agricultural ,produce4 ,book ,,iii4    
,ex*ange4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,value4  #a4    
,def9itions ( ,value 9 ,use1 ,ex*ange   
,value1 & ,price4  #b4 ,conditions (    
,value3 ,utility1 ,difficulty (         

,atta9m5t1 & ,transf]abl5ess4  #c4      
,commodities limit$ 9 ,quantity by ! law
 ( ,dem& & ,supply3 ,g5]al work+ ( ?is  
,law4  #d4 ,miscellane\s ,cases fall+ "u
 ?is ,law4  #e4 ,commodities :i* are    
,susceptible ( ,indef9ite               
,multiplication )\t ,increase ( ,co/4   
,law ( _! ,value ,co/ ( ,production4    
#f4 ,! ,value ( ^! ,commodities confirm1
 9 ! long run1 to _! ,co/ ( ,production 
?r\gh ! op]ation ( ,dem& & ,supply4     
,*apt] ,,ii4 ,ultimate ,analysis ,( ,co/
 ,( ,production4  #a4 ,( ,labor1 !      
pr9cipal ,elem5t 9 ,co/ ( ,production4  
#b4 ,wages affect ,values1 only if      
diff]5t 9 diff]5t employm5ts2           
non-compet+ gr\ps4  #c4 ,pr(its an      
elem5t 9 ,co/ ( ,production4  #d4 ,co/ (
 ,production prop]ly repres5t$ by       
sacrifice1 or co/1 to ! ,labor] z well z
 to ! ,capitali/2 ! relation ( ?is      
conception to ! ,co/ ( ,labor4  #e4 ,:5 
pr(its v>y f ,employm5t to ,employm5t1  
or are spread ov] unequal l5g?s ( ,"t1  
!y affect ,values accord+ly4  #f4       

,occasional ,elem5ts 9 ,co/ (           
,production2 taxes & gr\nd-r5t4 ,*apt]  
,,iii4 ,( ,r5t1 ,9 ,its ,relation ,to   
,value4  #a4 ,commodities :i* are       
susceptible ( indef9ite ,multiplication1
 b n )\t increase ( ,co/4 ,law ( _!     
,value1 ,co/ ( ,production 9 ! mo/      
unfavorable exi/+ circum/ances4  #b4    
,su* commodities1 :5 ,produc$ 9         
circum/ances m favorable1 yield a ,r5t  
equal to ! diff]5ce ( ,co/4  #c4 ,r5t ( 
,m9es & ,fi%]ies & gr\nd-r5t ( ,build+s1
 & cases ( ga9 analog\s to ,r5t4  #d4   
,rsum ( ! laws ( value ( ea* ( ! ?ree   
classes ( commodities4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,(  
,money4  #a4 ,! ?ree functions (        
,money-a ,common ,d5om9ator ( ,value1 a 
,m$ium ( ,ex*ange1 a ,/&>d ( ,value4    
#b4 ,gold & ,silv]1 :y fitt$ = ^?       
purposes4  #c4 ,money a m]e contrivance 
= facilitat+ ex*anges1 :i* does n affect
 ! laws ( value4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,! ,value
 ,( ,money1 ,z ,dep5d5t ,on ,dem& ,&    
,supply4  #a4 ,value ( ,money1 an       
ambigu\s expression4  #b4 ,! ,value (   

,money dep5ds on its quantity4  #c4     
-,toge!r ) ! ,rapidity ( ,circulation4  
#d4 ,explanations & ,limitations ( ?is  
,pr9ciple4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,! ,value ,( 
,money1 ,z ,dep5d5t ,on ,co/ ,(         
,production4  #a4 ,! value ( ,money1 9 a
 /ate ( ,fre$om1 con=ms to ! value ( !  
,bullion conta9$ 9 x4  #b4 -,:i* is     
det]m9$ by ! co/ ( production4  #c4 ,?is
 law1 h[ relat$ to ! pr9ciple laid d[n 9
 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,a    
,d\ble ,/&>d ,& ,subsidi>y ,co9s4  #a4  
,objections to a ,d\ble ,/&>d4  #b4 ,!  
use ( ! two metals z money1 & !         
managem5t ( ,subsidi>y ,co9s4  #c4 ,!   
exp]i5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) a d\ble    
/&>d f #agib to #ahhc4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,(
 ,cr$it1 ,z ,a ,sub/itute ,= ,money4    
#a4 ,cr$it n a creation b a ,transf] ( !
 means ( ,production4  #b4 ,9 :at mann] 
x assi/s ,production4  #c4 ,function (  
,cr$it 9 economiz+ ! use ( ,money4  #d4 
,bills ( ,ex*ange4  #e4 ,promissory     
,notes4  #f4 ,deposits & ,*ecks4 ,*apt] 
,,ix4 ,influ5ce ,( ,cr$it ,on ,prices4  

#a4 ,:at acts on prices is ,cr$it1 9    
:atev] %ape giv54  #b4 ,cr$it a pur*as+ 
,p[]1 simil> to ,money4  #c4 ,great     
ext5sions & contractions ( ,cr$it4      
,ph5om5a ( a comm]cial crisis analyz$4  
#d4 ,influ5ce ( ! diff]5t =ms ( ,cr$it  
on ,prices4  #e4 ,on :at ! use ( ,cr$it 
dep5ds4  #f4 ,:at is ess5tial to ! idea 
( ,money8 ,*apt] ,x4 ,( ,an             
,inconv]tible ,pap] ,curr5cy4  #a4 ,:at 
det]m9es ! value ( an inconv]tible pap] 
money8  #b4 ,if regulat$ by ! price (   
,bullion1 z inconv]tible ,curr5cy might 
be safe1 b n ,exp$i5t4  #c4 ,exam9ation 
( ! doctr9e t an inconv]tible ,curr5t is
 safe1 if repres5t+ actual ,prop]ty4    
#d4 ,exp]im5ts ) pap] ,money 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates4  #e4 ,exam9ation ( ! ga9 aris+ f
 ! increase & issue ( pap] ,curr5cy4    
#f4 ,rsum ( ! subject ( money4 ,*apt]   
,,xi4 ,( ,excess ,( ,supply4  #a4 ,!    
!ory ( a g5]al ,ov]-,supply (           
,commodities /at$4  #b4 ,! supply (     
commodities 9 g5]al c n exce$ ! p[] (   
,pur*ase4  #c4 ,!re c nev] be a lack (  

,dem& aris+ f lack ( ,desire to         
,consume4  #d4 ,orig9 & ,explanation ( !
 notion ( g5]al ,ov]-,supply4 ,*apt]    
,,xii4 ,( ,"s ,peculi> ,cases ,( ,value4
  #a4 ,values ( commodities :i* h a jo9t
 co/ ( production4  #b4 ,values ( !     
diff]5t k9ds ( agricultural produce4    
,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,( ,int]national ,trade4 
#a4 ,co/ ( ,production n a regulator (  
int]national values4 ,ext5sion ( ! ^w   
int]national4  #b4 ,int]*ange (         
commodities betwe5 di/ance places       
det]m9$ by diff]5ces n 9 _! absolute1 b 
9 ! comp>ative1 co/s ( production4  #c4 
,! direct b5efits ( comm]ce consi/ 9    
increas$ ,effici5cy ( ! productive p[]s 
( ! ,_w4  #d4 -,n 9 a ,v5t = exports1   
nor 9 ! ga9s ( ,m]*ants4  #e4 ,indirect 
b5efits ( ,comm]ce1 ,economical &       
,moral2 /ill great] ?an ! ,direct4      
,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,( ,int]national ,values4 
#a4 ,! values ( import$ commodities     
dep5d on ! ,t]ms ( int]national         
int]*ange4  #b4 ,! values ( =eign       
commodities dep5d1 n ^u ,co/ (          

,production1 b ^u ,reciprocal ,dem& &   
,supply4  #c4 -,z illu/rat$ by trade 9  
clo? & l95 betwe5 ,engl& & ,g]many4  #d4
 ,! conclusion /ates 9 ! ,equation (    
,int]national ,dem&4  #e4 ,! co/ to a   
c\ntry ( its imports dep5ds n only on ! 
ratio ( ex*ange1 b on ! effici5cy ( its 
labor4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,( ,money ,consid]$ 
,z ,an ,import$ ,commodity4  #a4 ,money 
import$ on two modes2 z a ,commodity1 & 
z a m$ium ( ,ex*ange4  #b4 ,z a         
commodity1 x obeys ! same laws ( ,value 
z o!r import$ ,commodities4 ,*apt]      
,,xvi4 ,( ,! ,=eign ,ex*anges4  #a4     
,money passes f c\ntry to c\ntry z a    
,m$ium ( ,ex*ange1 ?r\gh ! ,ex*anges4   
#b4 ,di/9ction betwe5 ,v>iations 9 !    
,ex*anges :i* are self-adju/+ & ^? :i* c
 only be rectifi$ ?r\gh ,prices4 ,*apt] 
,,xvii4 ,( ,! ,di/ribution ,( ,!        
,preci\s ,metals ,?r\gh ,! ,comm]cial   
,_w4  #a4 ,! sub/itution ( money = b>t] 
makes no diff]5ce 9 exports & imports1  
nor 9 ! ,law ( int]national ,values4    
#b4 ,! prec$+ ,!orem fur!r illu/rat$4   

#c4 ,! preci\s metals1 z money1 are ( ! 
same ,value1 & di/ribute !mselves       
accord+ to ! same ,law1 ) ! preci\s     
metals z a ,commodity4  #d4             
,int]national paym5ts ent]+ into !      
f9ancial acc\nt4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4        
,influ5ce ,( ,! ,curr5cy ,on ,!         
,ex*anges ,& ,on ,=eign ,trade4  #a4    
,v>iations 9 ! ex*ange1 :i* orig9ate 9 !
 ,curr5cy4  #b4 ,effect ( a sudd5       
increase ( a metallic ,curr5cy1 or ( !  
sudd5 creation ( ,bank-,notes or o!r    
sub/itutes = ,money4  #c4 ,effect ( !   
increase ( an inconv]tible pap]         
,curr5cy4 ,real & nom9al ex*ange4 ,*apt]
 ,,xix4 ,( ,! ,rate ,( ,int]e/4  #a4 ,! 
,rate ( ,int]e/ dep5ds on ! ,dem& &     
,supply ( ,loans4  #b4 ,circum/ances :i*
 ,det]m9e ! ,p]man5t ,dem& & ,supply (  
,loans4  #c4 ,circum/ances :i* ,det]m9e 
! ,fluctuations4  #d4 ,! ,rate ( ,int]e/
 n really ,connect$ ) ! value ( ,money1 
b (t5 conf\nd$ ) x4  #e4 ,! ,rate (     
,int]e/ det]m9es ! price ( l& & (       
,securities4 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,( ,!         

,competition ,( ,diff]5t ,c\ntries ,9 ,!
 ,same ,m>ket4  #a4 ,causes :i* enable  
"o ,c\ntry to und]sell ano!r4  #b4 ,high
 wages d n prev5t "o ,c\ntry f und]sell+
 ano!r4  #c4 ,l[ wages enable a ,c\ntry 
to und]sell ano!r1 :5 ,peculi> to c]ta9 
bran*es ( ,indu/ry4  #d4 -,b n :5 common
 to ,all4  #e4 ,l[ pr(its z affect+ !   
c>ry+ ,trade4 ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,(          
,di/ribution1 ,z ,affect$ ,by ,ex*ange4 
#a4 ,ex*ange & money make no ,diff]5ce 9
 ! law ( ,wages4  #b4 ,9 ! law ( ,r5t4  
#c4 -,nor 9 ! law ( ,pr(its4 ,book ,,iv4
 ,influ5ce ,( ,! ,progress ,( ,society  
,on ,production ,& ,di/ribution4 ,*apt] 
,i4 ,influ5ce ,( ,! ,progress ,(        
,indu/ry ,& ,population ,on ,values ,&  
,prices4  #a4 ,t5d5cy ( ! progress (    
society t[>d increas$ ,comm& ov] ! p[]s 
( ,nature2 increas$ ,security1 &        
increas$ ,capacity ( ,co-,op]ation4  #b4
 ,t5d5cy to a ,decl9e ( ! ,value & ,co/ 
( ,production ( all ,commodities4  #c4  
-except ! products ( ,agriculture &     
,m9+1 :i* h a t5d5cy to ,rise4  #d4 -t  

t5d5cy f "t to "t ,c\nt]act$ by         
,improvem5ts 9 ,production4  #e4 ,effect
 ( ! ,progress ( ,society 9 mod]at+     
fluctuations ( ,value4 ,*apt] ,,ii4     
,influ5ce ,( ,! ,progress ,( ,indu/ry ,&
 ,population ,on ,r5ts1 ,pr(its1 ,&     
,wages4  #a4 ,*>act]i/ic features (     
indu/rial ,progress4  #b4 ,fir/ two     
cases1 ,population & ,capital increas+1 
! arts ( production /ation>y4  #c4 ,!   
arts ( production advanc+1 capital &    
population /ation>y4  #d4 ,!oretical    
results1 if all ?ree ,elem5ts           
progressive4  #e4 ,practical ,results4  
,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,! ,t5d5cy ,( ,pr(its  
,to ,a ,m9imum4  #a4 ,diff]5t ,!ories z 
to ! fall ( ,pr(its4  #b4 ,:at det]m9es 
! m9imum rate ( ,pr(it8  #c4 ,9 old &   
opul5t c\ntries1 pr(its habitually ne>  
to ! m9imum4  #d4 -prev5t$ f rea*+ x by 
comm]cial revulsions4  #e4 -by          
improvem5ts 9 ,production4  #f4 -by !   
importation ( *eap ,necess>ies &        
,implem5ts4  #g4 -by ! emigration (     
,capital4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,consequ5ces ,(  

,! ,t5d5cy ,( ,pr(its ,to ,a ,m9imum1 ,&
 ,! ,/ation>y ,/ate4  #a4 ,ab/raction ( 
,capital n necess>ily a national loss4  
#b4 ,9 opul5t c\ntries1 ! ext5sion (    
ma*9]y n detrim5tal b b5eficial to      
,labor]s4  #c4 ,/ation>y /ate ( weal? & 
population dread$ by "s writ]s1 b n 9   
itself undesirable4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,on ,!   
,possible ,futurity ,( ,!               
,labor+-,classes4  #a4 ,! possibility ( 
improvem5t :ile ,labor]s rema9 m]ely    
receiv]s ( ,wages4  #b4-?r\gh small     
hold+s1 by :i* ! l&lord's ga9 is %>$4   
#c4 -?r\gh co-op]ation1 by :i* !        
manag]'s wages are %>$4  #d4            
,di/ributive ,co-op]ation4  #e4         
,productive ,co-,op]ation4  #f4         
,indu/rial ,p>tn]%ip4  #g4 ,p's ,banks4 
,book ,v4 ,on ,! ,influ5ce ,( ,gov]nm5t4
 ,*apt] ,i4 ,on ,! ,g5]al ,pr9ciples ,( 
,taxation4  #a4 ,f\r fundam5tal rules ( 
,taxation4  #b4 ,gr\nds ( ! pr9ciple (  
,equality ( ,taxation4  #c4 ,%\ld ! same
 p]c5tage be levi$ on all am\nts (      
,income8  #d4 ,%\ld ! same p]c5tage be  

levi$ on ,p]petual & on ,t]m9able       
,incomes8  #e4 ,! increase ( ! r5t ( l& 
f natural causes a fit subject ( peculi>
 ,taxation4  #f4 ,taxes fall+ on        
,capital n necess>ily objectionable4    
,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,direct ,taxes4  #a4    
,direct taxes ei!r on income or         
exp5diture4  #b4 ,taxes on r5t4  #c4 -on
 pr(its4  #d4 -on ,wages4  #e4 -on      
,income4  #f4 ,a ,h\se-,tax4 ,*apt]     
,,iii4 ,( ,taxes ,on ,commodities1 ,or  
,indirect ,taxes4  #a4 ,a ,tax on all   
commodities w\ld fall on ,pr(its4  #b4  
,taxes on p>ticul> commodities fall on !
 consum]4  #c4 ,peculi> effects ( taxes 
on ,necess>ies4  #d4 -h[ modifi$ by !   
t5d5cy ( pr(its to a m9imum4  #e4       
,effects ( discrim9at+ ,duties4  #f4    
,effects produc$ on int]national        
,ex*ange by ,duties on ,exports & on    
,imports4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,comp>ison       
,betwe5 ,direct ,& ,indirect ,taxation4 
#a4 ,argum5ts = & aga9/ direct          
,taxation4  #b4 ,:at =ms ( indirect     
taxation are mo/ eligible8  #c4         

,practical rules = indirect taxation4   
#d4 ,taxation sy/ems ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates &
 o!r ,c\ntries4  #e4 ,a ,rsum ( ! g5]al 
pr9ciples ( taxation4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,a  
,national ,debt4  #a4 ,is x desirable to
 defray extraord9>y public exp5ses by   
loans8  #b4 ,n desirable to r$eem a     
national ,debt by a g5]al ,contribution4
  #c4 ,9 :at cases desirable to ma9ta9 a
 surplus rev5ue = ! r$emption ( ,debt4  
,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,an ,int]f]5ce ,(       
,gov]nm5t ,gr\nd$ ,on ,errone\s ,!ories4
  #a4 ,! doctr9e ( ,protection to       
,native ,indu/ry4  #b4 -_h its orig9 9 !
 ,m]cantile ,sy/em4  #c4 -support$ by   
pleas ( national subsi/5ce & national   
def5se4  #d4 -on ! gr\nd ( enc\rag+ "y  
indu/ries2 colonial policy4  #e4 -on !  
gr\nd ( high wages4  #f4 -on ! gr\nd (  
creat+ a div]sity ( indu/ries4  #g4 -on 
! gr\nd t x l[]s prices4 ,app5dix ,i4   
,bibliographies4 ,app5dix ,,ii4         
,exam9ation ,que/ions4 ,footnotes       
,a ,,sy/em ,,( ,,logic ,,ratioc9ative   
,,& ,,inductive--,,volume ,i4 ,,be+ ,a  

,,connect$ ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciples   
,,( ,,evid5ce ,,& ,,! ,,me?ods ,,(      
,,sci5tific ,,inve/igation ,,9 ,,two    
,,volumes ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,sev5? ,,edition  
,by ,john ,/u>t ,mill    ,,cont5ts ,,(  
,,! ,,fir/ ,,volume  ,,introduction4    
#a4  ,a def9ition at ! comm5cem5t ( a   
subject mu/ be provisional  #a #b4  ,is 
logic ! art & sci5ce ( reason+8  #b #c4 
,or ! art & sci5ce ( ! pursuit ( tru?8  
#c #d4  ,logic is conc]n$ ) inf]5ces1 n 
) intuitive tru?s  #e #e4  ,relation (  
logic to ! o!r sci5ces  #h #f4  ,its    
utility1 h[ %[n  #aj #g4  ,def9ition (  
logic /at$ & illu/rat$  #aa  ,,book ,i4 
,,( ,,names ,,& ,,propositions4  ,*apt] 
,i4 ,( ! ,necessity ( comm5c+ ) an      
,analysis ( ,language4  #a4  ,!ory (    
names1 :y a necess>y "p ( logic  #ag #b4
  ,fir/ /ep 9 ! analysis ( ,propositions
  #ah #c4  ,names mu/ be /udi$ be=e ,?+s
  #ba  ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,names4  #a4     
,names are names ( ?+s1 n ( our ideas   
#bc #b4  ,words :i* are n names1 b p>ts 
( names  #bd #c4  ,g5]al & ,s+ul> names 

#bf #d4  ,concrete & ,ab/ract  #bi #e4  
,connotative & ,non-connotative  #ca #f4
  ,positive & ,negative  #db #g4        
,relative & ,absolute  #dd #h4          
,univocal & quivocal  #dg  ,pg xii      
,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ! ,?+s d5ot$ by ,names4
  #a4  ,necessity ( an enum]ation (     
,nameable ,?+s4 ,! ,categories (        
,ari/otle  #di #b4  ,ambiguity ( ! mo/  
g5]al names  #ea #c4  ,feel+s1 or /ates 
( consci\sness  #ed #d4  ,feel+s mu/ be 
di/+ui%$ f _! physical antec$5ts4       
,p]ceptions1 :at  #ef #e4  ,volitions1 &
 ,actions1 :at  #eh #f4  ,sub/ance &    
,attribute  #ei #g4  ,body  #fa #h4     
,m9d  #fg #i4  ,qualities  #fi #aj4     
,relations  #gb #aa4  ,resemblance  #gd 
#ab4  ,quantity  #gh #ac4  ,all         
attributes ( bodies are gr\nd$ on /ates 
( consci\sness  #gi #ad4  ,s also all   
attributes ( m9d  #hj #ae4              
,recapitulation  #ha  ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,(   
,propositions4  #a4  ,nature & (fice ( !
 copula  #he #b4  ,affirmative &        
,negative propositions  #hg #c4  ,simple

 & ,complex  #hi #d4  ,univ]sal1        
,p>ticul>1 & ,s+ul>  #ic  ,*apt] ,v4 ,( 
! ,import ( ,propositions4  #a4         
,doctr9e t a proposition is ! expression
 ( a relation betwe5 two ideas  #if #b4 
,doctr9e t x is ! expression ( a        
relation betwe5 ! mean+s ( two names    
#ii #c4  ,doctr9e t x consi/s 9 ref]r+  
some?+ to1 or exclud+ some?+ f1 a class 
#ajc #d4  ,:at x really is  #ajg #e4  ,x
 ass]ts 7or d5ies7 a sequ5ce1 a         
coexi/5ce1 a simple exi/5ce1 a causation
  #aaj #f4  --or a resemblance  #aab #g4
  ,propositions ( :i* ! t]ms are ab/ract
  #aae  ,pg xiii ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,(        
,propositions m]ely ,v]bal4  #a4        
,ess5tial & ,accid5tal propositions     
#aai #b4  ,all ess5tial propositions are
 id5tical propositions  #abj #c4        
,individuals h no ess5ces  #abd #d4     
,real propositions1 h[ di/+ui%$ f v]bal 
#abf #e4  ,two modes ( repres5t+ !      
import ( a ,real proposition  #abg      
,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ! ,nature (            
,classification1 & ! ,five ,pr$icables4 

#a4  ,classification1 h[ connect$ )     
,nam+  #abi #b4  ,! ,pr$icables1 :at    
#aca #c4  ,g5us & ,species  #aca #d4    
,k9ds h a real exi/5ce 9 nature  #acd   
#e4  ,diff]5tia  #aci #f4  ,diff]5ti =  
g5]al purposes1 & diff]5ti = special or 
te*nical purposes  #ada #g4  ,proprium  
#add #h4  ,accid5s  #adf  ,*apt] ,,viii4
 ,( ,def9ition4  #a4  ,a def9ition1 :at 
#adh #b4  ,e "n c be def9$1 ^: mean+ is 
susceptible ( analysis  #aej #c4        
,complete1 h[ di/+ui%$ f incomplete     
def9itions  #aeb #d4  --& f descriptions
  #aed #e4  ,:at are call$ def9itions ( 
,?+s1 are def9itions ( ,names ) an      
impli$ assumption ( ! exi/5ce ( ,?+s    
correspond+ to !m  #aeg #f4  --ev5 :5   
su* ?+s d n 9 reality exi/  #afe #g4    
,def9itions1 ?\gh ( names only1 mu/ be  
gr\nd$ on k ( ! correspond+ ,?+s  #afg  
,pg xiv ,,book ,,ii4 ,,( ,,reason+4     
,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,inf]5ce1 or ,reason+1 9  
g5]al4  #a4  ,retrospect ( ! prec$+ book
  #age #b4  ,inf]5ces improp]ly s call$ 
#agg #c4  ,inf]5ces prop]1 di/+ui%$ into

 inductions & ratioc9ations  #aha       
,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,ratioc9ation1 or       
,syllogism4  #a4  ,analysis ( !         
,syllogism  #ahd #b4  ,! dictum de omni 
n ! f\ndation ( reason+1 b a m]e        
id5tical proposition  #aia #c4  ,:at is 
! really fundam5tal axiom (             
,ratioc9ation  #aif #d4  ,! o!r =m ( !  
axiom  #aii  ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( !         
,functions1 & ,logical ,value1 ( !      
,syllogism4  #a4  ,is ! syllogism a     
petitio pr9cipii8  #bjb #b4             
,insuffici5cy ( ! common !ory  #bjc #c4 
,all inf]5ce is f p>ticul>s to p>ticul>s
  #bje #d4  ,g5]al propositions are a   
record ( su* inf]5ces1 & ! rules ( !    
syllogism are rules = ! int]pretation ( 
! record  #bad #e4  ,! syllogism n !    
type ( reason+1 b a te/ ( x  #bah #f4   
,! true type1 :at  #bbb #g4  ,relation  
betwe5 ,induction & ,d$uction  #bbf #h4 
,objections answ]$  #bbg #i4  ,( ,=mal  
,logic1 & its relation to ! ,logic (    
,tru?  #bca  ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,tra9s (   
,reason+1 & ,d$uctive ,sci5ces4  #a4  ,=

 :at purpose tra9s ( reason+ exi/  #bcd 
#b4  ,a tra9 ( reason+ is a s]ies (     
inductive inf]5ces  #bcd #c4  --f       
p>ticul>s to p>ticul>s ?r\gh m>ks ( m>ks
  #bcg #d4  ,:y !re are d$uctive sci5ces
  #bdj #e4  ,:y o!r sci5ces /ill rema9  
exp]im5tal  #bdd #f4  ,exp]im5tal       
sci5ces may become d$uctive by !        
progress ( exp]im5t  #bdf #g4  ,9 :at   
mann] ?is usually takes place  #bdg  ,pg
 xv ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,demon/ration1 &      
,necess>y ,tru?s4  #a4  ,! ,!orems (    
geometry are necess>y tru?s only 9 !    
s5se ( necess>ily foll[+ f hypo!ses     
#bea #b4  ,^? hypo!ses are real facts ) 
"s ( _! circum/ances exagg]at$ or omitt$
  #bee #c4  ,"s ( ! fir/ pr9ciples (    
geometry are axioms1 & ^! are n         
hypo!tical  #bef #d4  --b are exp]im5tal
 tru?s  #beh #e4  ,an objection answ]$  
#bfa #f4  ,dr4 ,:ewell's op9ions on     
axioms exam9$  #bfd  ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,!    
same ,subject cont9u$4  #a4  ,all       
d$uctive sci5ces are inductive  #bha #b4
  ,! propositions ( ! sci5ce ( numb] are

 n v]bal1 b g5]alizations f exp]i5ce    
#bhd #c4  ,9 :at s5se hypo!tical  #bhi  
#d4  ,! *>act]i/ic prop]ty (            
demon/rative sci5ce is to be hypo!tical 
#bij #e4  ,def9ition ( demon/rative     
evid5ce  #bib  ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,exam9ation
 ( "s ,op9ions oppos$ to ! prec$+       
doctr9es4  #a4  ,doctr9e ( ! ,univ]sal  
,po/ulate  #bid #b4  ,! te/ (           
inconceivability does n repres5t !      
aggregate ( pa/ exp]i5ce  #bif #c4      
--nor is impli$ 9 e process ( ?\ght     
#bii #d4  ,sir ,w4 ,hamilton's op9ion on
 ! ,pr9ciples ( ,contradiction &        
,exclud$ ,middle  #cjf  ,,book ,,iii4   
,,( ,,induction4  ,*apt] ,i4 ,prelim9>y 
,obs]vations on ,induction 9 g5]al4  #a4
  ,importance ( an ,inductive ,logic    
#cac #b4  ,! logic ( sci5ce is also t ( 
bus9ess & life  #cad  ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,(   
,inductions improp]ly s call$4  #a4     
,inductions di/+ui%$ f v]bal            
trans=mations  #cai #b4  --f inductions1
 falsely s call$1 9 ma!matics  #cba #c4 
--& f descriptions  #cbc #d4            

,exam9ation ( ,dr4 ,:ewell's !ory (     
,induction  #cbf #e4  ,fur!r illu/ration
 ( ! prec$+ rem>ks  #ccf  ,pg xvi ,*apt]
 ,,iii4 ,on ! ,gr\nd ( ,induction4  #a4 
,axiom ( ! uni=mity ( ! c\rse ( nature  
#cda #b4  ,n true 9 e s5se4 ,induction  
p] enum]ationem simplicem  #cdf #c4  ,! 
"q ( ,inductive ,logic /at$  #cdh       
,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,laws ( ,nature4  #a4   
,! g5]al regul>ity 9 nature is a tissue 
( p>tial regul>ities1 call$ laws  #cea  
#b4  ,sci5tific induction mu/ be gr\nd$ 
on previ\s spontane\s inductions  #cee  
#c4  ,are !re any inductions fitt$ to be
 a te/ ( all o!rs8  #ceg  ,*apt] ,v4 ,( 
! ,law ( ,univ]sal ,causation4  #a4  ,! 
univ]sal law ( successive ph5om5a is !  
,law ( ,causation  #cfj #b4  --i4e4 !   
law t e consequ5t has an inv>iable      
antec$5t  #cfc #c4  ,! cause ( a        
ph5om5on is ! assemblage ( its          
conditions  #cfe #d4  ,! di/9ction (    
ag5t & pati5t illusory  #cgc #e4  ,!    
cause is n ! inv>iable antec$5t1 b !    
unconditional inv>iable antec$5t  #cge  

#f4  ,c a cause be simultane\s ) its    
effect8  #chj #g4  ,idea ( a ,p]man5t   
,cause1 or orig9al natural ag5t  #chc   
#h4  ,uni=mities ( coexi/5ce betwe5     
effects ( diff]5t p]man5t causes1 are n 
laws  #chf #i4  ,doctr9e t volition is  
an effici5t cause1 exam9$  #chg  ,*apt] 
,,vi4 ,( ! ,composition ( ,causes4  #a4 
,two modes ( ! conjunct action ( causes1
 ! me*anical & ! *emical  #dje #b4  ,!  
composition ( causes ! g5]al rule2 ! o!r
 case exceptional  #djh #c4  ,are       
effects proportional to _! causes8  #dab
  ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,obs]vation &        
,exp]im5t4  #a4  ,! fir/ /ep ( inductive
 inquiry is a m5tal analysis ( complex  
ph5om5a into _! elem5ts  #dad #b4  ,!   
next is an actual sep>ation ( ^? elem5ts
  #daf #c4  ,advantages ( exp]im5t ov]  
obs]vation  #dag #d4  ,advantages (     
obs]vation ov] exp]im5t  #dbj  ,pg xvii 
,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ! ,f\r ,me?ods (      
,exp]im5tal ,inquiry4  #a4  ,me?od (    
,agreem5t  #dbe #b4  ,me?od ( ,diff]5ce 
#dbh #c4  ,mutual relation ( ^! two     

me?ods  #dbi #d4  ,jo9t ,me?od (        
,agreem5t & ,diff]5ce  #dcc #e4  ,me?od 
( ,residues  #dcf #f4  ,me?od (         
,concomitant ,v>iations  #dcg #g4       
,limitations ( ?is la/ me?od  #ddc      
,*apt] ,,ix4 ,miscellane\s ,examples ( !
 ,f\r ,me?ods4  #a4  ,liebig's !ory (   
metallic poisons  #ddi #b4  ,!ory (     
induc$ electricity  #dec #c4  ,dr4      
,wells' !ory ( dew  #deg #d4  ,dr4      
,br[n-,squ>d's !ory ( cadav]ic rigidity 
#dfe #e4  ,examples ( ! ,me?od (        
,residues  #dga #f4  ,dr4 ,:ewell's     
objections to ! ,f\r ,me?ods  #dge      
,*apt] ,x4 ,( ,plurality ( ,causes2 & ( 
! ,int]mixture ( ,effects4  #a4  ,"o    
effect may h sev]al causes  #dhb #b4    
--:i* is ! s\rce ( a *>act]i/ic         
imp]fection ( ! ,me?od ( ,agreem5t  #dhc
 #c4  ,plurality ( ,causes1 h[ asc]ta9$ 
#dhg #d4  ,concurr5ce ( ,causes :i* d n 
comp\nd _! effects  #dhi #e4            
,difficulties ( ! inve/igation1 :5      
causes comp\nd _! effects  #did #f4     
,?ree modes ( inve/igat+ ! laws (       

complex effects  #dii #g4  ,! me?od (   
simple obs]vation inapplicable  #ejj #h4
  ,! purely exp]im5tal me?od            
inapplicable  #eja  ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,( !   
,d$uctive ,me?od4  #a4  ,fir/ /age2     
asc]ta9m5t ( ! laws ( ! sep>ate causes  
by direct induction  #ejg #b4  ,second  
/age2 ratioc9ation f ! simple laws ( !  
complex cases  #eab #c4  ,?ird /age2    
v]ification by specific exp]i5ce  #ead  
,pg xviii ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,( !            
,explanation ( ,laws ( ,nature4  #a4    
,explanation def9$  #eah #b4  ,fir/ mode
 ( explanation1 by resolv+ ! law ( a    
complex effect into ! laws ( ! concurr5t
 causes & ! fact ( _! coexi/5ce  #eah   
#c4  ,second mode2 by ! detection ( an  
int]m$iate l9k 9 ! sequ5ce  #eai #d4    
,laws are always resolv$ into laws m    
g5]al ?an !mselves  #ebj #e4  ,?ird     
mode2 ! subsumption ( less g5]al laws "u
 a m g5]al "o  #ebd #f4  ,:at !         
explanation ( a law ( nature am\nts to  
#ebf  ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,miscellane\s      
,examples ( ! ,explanation ( ,laws (    

,nature4  #a4  ,! g5]al !ories ( !      
sci5ces  #ebi #b4  ,examples f *emical  
speculations  #eca #c4  ,example f ,dr4 
,br[n-,squ>d's rese>*es on ! n]v\s sy/em
  #ecc #d4  ,examples ( foll[+          
newly-discov]$ laws into _! complex     
manife/ations  #ecd #e4  ,examples (    
empirical g5]alizations1 aft]w>ds       
confirm$ & expla9$ d$uctively  #ecf #f4 
,example f m5tal sci5ce  #ech #g4       
,t5d5cy ( all ! sci5ces to become       
d$uctive  #eci      ,a ,,sy/em ,,(      
,,logic ,,ratioc9ative ,,& ,,inductive1 
,,volume ,,ii4 ,,be+ ,a ,,connect$      
,,view ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,evid5ce
 ,,& ,,! ,,me?ods ,,( ,,sci5tific       
,,inve/igation ,by ,john ,/u>t ,mill ,,9
 ,,two ,,volumes ,,sev5? ,,edition      
,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,volume     
,,book ,,iii4 ,,on                      
,,induction4--7,cont9u$47  ,*apt] ,,xiv4
 ,( ! ,limits to ! ,explanation ( ,laws 
( ,nature2 & ( ,hypo!ses4  #a4  ,c all !
 sequ5ces 9 nature be resolvable into "o
 law8  #c #b4  ,ultimate laws _c be less

 num]\s ?an ! di/+ui%able feel+s ( our  
nature  #d #c4  ,9 :at s5se ultimate    
facts c be expla9$  #g #d4  ,! prop] use
 ( sci5tific hypo!ses  #h #e4  ,_!      
indisp5sabl5ess  #af #f4  ,legitimate1  
h[ di/+ui%$ f illegitimate hypo!ses  #ah
 #g4  ,"s inquiries app>5tly hypo!tical 
are really inductive  #be  ,*apt] ,,xv4 
,( ,progressive ,effects2 & ( ! ,cont9u$
 ,action ( ,causes4  #a4  ,h[ a         
progressive effect results f ! simple   
cont9uance ( ! cause  #bi #b4  --& f !  
progressiv5ess ( ! cause  #cc #c4       
,d]ivative laws g5]at$ f a s+le ultimate
 law  #cf  ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,( ,empirical  
,laws4  #a4  ,def9ition ( an empirical  
law  #ch #b4  ,d]ivative laws commonly  
dep5d on collocations  #ci #c4  ,!      
collocations ( ! p]man5t causes are n   
r$ucible to any law  #da ,pg vi#d4      
,h5ce empirical laws _c be reli$ on     
beyond ! limits ( actual exp]i5ce  #da  
#e4  ,g5]alizations :i* re/ only on !   
,me?od ( ,agreem5t c only be receiv$ z  
empirical laws  #dc #f4  ,signs f :i* an

 obs]v$ uni=mity ( sequ5ce may be       
presum$ to be resolvable  #dd #g4  ,two 
k9ds ( empirical laws  #dg  ,*apt]      
,,xvii4 ,( ,*ance1 & its ,elim9ation4   
#a4  ,! pro( ( empirical laws dep5ds on 
! !ory ( *ance  #di #b4  ,*ance def9$ & 
*>act]iz$  #ej #c4  ,! elim9ation (     
*ance  #ee #d4  ,discov]y ( residual    
ph5om5a by elim9at+ *ance  #eg #e4  ,!  
doctr9e ( *ances  #ei  ,*apt] ,,xviii4  
,( ! ,calculation ( ,*ances4  #a4       
,f\ndation ( ! doctr9e ( *ances1 z      
taught by ma!matics  #fa #b4  ,! doctr9e
 t5able  #fc #c4  ,on :at f\ndation x   
really re/s  #fd #d4  ,its ultimate     
dep5d5ce on causation  #fh #e4  ,!orem (
 ! doctr9e ( *ances :i* relates to !    
cause ( a giv5 ev5t  #gb #f4  ,h[       
applicable to ! elim9ation ( *ance  #gd 
,*apt] ,,xix4 ,( ! ,ext5sion (          
,d]ivative ,laws to ,adjac5t ,cases4    
#a4  ,d]ivative laws1 :5 n casual1 are  
almo/ always cont+5t on collocations    
#gh #b4  ,on :at gr\nds !y c be ext5d$  
to cases beyond ! b\nds ( actual        

exp]i5ce  #hj #c4  ,^? cases mu/ be     
adjac5t cases  #hb  ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,(     
,analogy4  #a4  ,v>i\s s5ses ( ! ^w     
analogy  #hf #b4  ,nature ( analogical  
evid5ce  #hg #c4  ,on :at circum/ances  
its value dep5ds  #ia ,pg vii ,*apt]    
,,xxi4 ,( ! ,evid5ce ( ! ,law (         
,univ]sal ,causation4  #a4  ,! law (    
causality does n re/ on an in/9ct  #ie  
#b4  ,b on an induction by simple       
enum]ation  #ajj #c4  ,9 :at cases su*  
induction is all[able  #ajb #d4  ,!     
univ]sal preval5ce ( ! law ( causality1 
on :at gr\nds admissible  #aje  ,*apt]  
,,xxii4 ,( ,uni=mities ( ,coexi/5ce n   
dep5d5t on ,causation4  #a4  ,uni=mities
 ( coexi/5ce :i* result f laws ( sequ5ce
  #aaj #b4  ,! prop]ties ( ,k9ds are    
uni=mities ( coexi/5ce  #aaa #c4  ,"s   
are d]ivative1 o!rs ultimate  #aac #d4  
,no univ]sal axiom ( coexi/5ce  #aad #e4
  ,! evid5ce ( uni=mities ( coexi/5ce1  
h[ measur$  #aag #f4  ,:5 d]ivative1 _! 
evid5ce is t ( empirical laws  #aag #g4 
,s also :5 ultimate  #aai #h4  ,!       

evid5ce /rong] 9 proportion z ! law is m
 g5]al  #abj #i4  ,e di/9ct ,k9d mu/ be 
exam9$  #aba  ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,(        
,approximate ,g5]alizations1 & ,probable
 ,evid5ce4  #a4  ,! inf]5ces call$      
probable1 re/ on approximate            
g5]alizations  #abd #b4  ,approximate   
g5]alizations less useful 9 sci5ce ?an 9
 life  #abd #c4  ,9 :at cases !y may be 
resort$ to  #abf #d4  ,9 :at mann] prov$
  #abg #e4  ,) :at precautions employ$  
#acj #f4  ,! two modes ( comb9+         
probabilities  #aca #g4  ,h[ approximate
 g5]alizations may be conv]t$ into      
accurate g5]alizations equival5t to !m  
#acf ,pg viii ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,( !       
,rema9+ ,laws ( ,nature4  #a4           
,propositions :i* ass]t m]e exi/5ce     
#aci #b4  ,resemblance1 consid]$ z a    
subject ( sci5ce  #ada #c4  ,! axioms & 
!orems ( ma!matics comprise ! pr9cipal  
laws ( resemblance  #adc #d4  --& ^? (  
ord] 9 place1 & re/ on induction by     
simple enum]ation  #ade #e4  ,!         
propositions ( ari?metic affirm ! modes 

( =mation ( "s giv5 numb]  #adf #f4  ,^?
 ( algebra affirm ! equival5ce ( diff]5t
 modes ( =mation ( numb]s g5]ally  #aea 
#g4  ,! propositions ( geometry are laws
 ( outw>d nature  #aed #h4  ,:y geometry
 is almo/ entirely d$uctive  #aef #i4   
,function ( ma!matical tru?s 9 ! o!r    
sci5ces1 & limits ( t function  #aeh    
,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,( ! ,gr\nds ( ,disbelief4
  #a4  ,improbability & impossibility   
#afa #b4  ,exam9ation ( ,hume's doctr9e 
( miracles  #afb #c4  ,! degrees (      
improbability correspond to diff]5ces 9 
! nature ( ! g5]alization ) :i* an      
ass]tion conflicts  #aff #d4  ,a fact is
 n incr$ible because ! *ances are aga9/ 
x  #agj #e4  ,are co9cid5ces less       
cr$ible ?an o!r facts8  #agb #f4  ,an   
op9ion ( ,laplace exam9$  #age  ,,book  
,,iv4 ,,( ,,op]ations ,,subsidi>y ,,to  
,,induction4  ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,obs]vation 
& ,description4  #a4  ,obs]vation1 h[ f>
 a subject ( logic  #ahc #b4  ,a great  
"p ( :at seems obs]vation is really     
inf]5ce  #ahd #c4  ,! description ( an  

obs]vation affirms m ?an is conta9$ 9 ! 
obs]vation  #ahg #d4  --namely an       
agreem5t among ph5om5a2 & ! comp>ison ( 
ph5om5a to asc]ta9 su* agreem5ts is a   
prelim9>y to induction  #aij ,pg ix     
,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,ab/raction1 or !       
,=mation ( ,conceptions4  #a4  ,!       
comp>ison :i* is a prelim9>y to         
induction implies g5]al conceptions     
#aic #b4  --b ^! ne$ n be pre-exi/5t    
#aid #c4  ,a g5]al conception1 orig9ally
 ! result ( a comp>ison1 becomes itself 
! type ( comp>ison  #aih #d4  ,:at is   
meant by appropriate conceptions  #bjj  
#e4  --& by cle> conceptions  #bjc #f4  
,fur!r illu/ration ( ! subject  #bje    
,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,nam+1 z subsidi>y to  
,induction4  #a4  ,! fundam5tal prop]ty 
( names z an in/rum5t ( ?\ght  #bji #b4 
,names are n indisp5sable to induction  
#baj #c4  ,9 :at mann] subs]vi5t to x   
#baa #d4  ,g5]al names n a m]e          
contrivance to economize ! use (        
language  #bac  ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( !       
,requisites ( a ,philosophical          

,language1 & ! ,pr9ciples ( ,def9ition4 
#a4  ,fir/ requisite ( philosophical    
language1 a /eady & det]m9ate mean+ = e 
g5]al "n  #bae #b4  ,names 9 common use 
h (t5 a loose connotation  #bae #c4     
--:i* ! logician %\ld fix1 ) z little   
alt]ation z possible  #bah #d4  ,:y     
def9ition is (t5 a "q n ( words b ( ?+s 
#bbj #e4  ,h[ ! logician %\ld deal ) !  
transitive applications ( words  #bbd   
#f4  ,evil consequ5ces ( ca/+ (f any    
portion ( ! cu/om>y connotation ( words 
#bbi ,pg x ,*apt] ,v4 ,on ! ,natural    
,hi/ory ( ! ,v>iations 9 ! ,mean+ (     
,t]ms4  #a4  ,h[ circum/ances orig9ally 
accid5tal become incorporat$ into !     
mean+ ( words  #bcf #b4  --& sometimes  
become ! :ole mean+  #bch #c4  ,t5d5cy (
 words to become g5]aliz$  #bdj #d4  --&
 to become specializ$  #bdc  ,*apt]     
,,vi4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( a ,philosophical  
,language fur!r consid]$4  #a4  ,second 
requisite ( philosophical language1 a "n
 = e important mean+  #bdh #b4  --viz4  
fir/1 an accurate descriptive t]m9ology 

#bdh #c4  --secondly1 a "n = ea* ( ! m  
important results ( sci5tific ab/raction
  #beb #d4  --?irdly1 a nom5clature1 or 
sy/em ( ! names ( ,k9ds  #bee #e4       
,peculi> nature ( ! connotation ( names 
:i* belong to a nom5clature  #beg #f4   
,9 :at cases language may1 & may n1 be  
us$ me*anically  #bei  ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( 
,classification1 z subsidi>y to         
,induction4  #a4  ,classification z "h  
treat$ (1 :]e9 diff]5t f !              
classification impli$ 9 nam+  #bff #b4  
,!ory ( natural gr\ps  #bfg #c4  ,are   
natural gr\ps giv5 by type1 or by       
def9ition8  #bga #d4  ,k9ds are natural 
gr\ps  #bgd #e4  ,h[ ! names ( ,k9ds    
%\ld be con/ruct$  #bhj  ,*apt] ,,viii4 
,( ,classification by ,s]ies4  #a4      
,natural gr\ps %\ld be arrang$ 9 a      
natural s]ies  #bhd #b4  ,! arrangem5t  
%\ld foll[ ! degrees ( ! ma9 ph5om5on   
#bhe #c4  --:i* implies ! assumption ( a
 type-species  #bhg ,pg xi#d4  ,h[ !    
divisions ( ! s]ies %\ld be det]m9$     
#bhh #e4  ,zoology af=ds ! complete/    

type ( sci5tific classification  #bhi   
,,book ,v4 ,,on ,,fallacies4  ,*apt] ,i4
 ,( ,fallacies 9 ,g5]al4  #a4  ,!ory (  
fallacies a necess>y "p ( logic  #bie   
#b4  ,casual mi/akes are n fallacies    
#big #c4  ,! moral s\rces ( errone\s    
op9ion1 h[ relat$ to ! intellectual     
#big  ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,classification (    
,fallacies4  #a4  ,on :at crit]ia a     
classification ( fallacies %\ld be      
gr\nd$  #cja #b4  ,! five classes (     
fallacies  #cjb #c4  ,! ref]5ce ( a     
fallacy to "o or ano!r class is         
sometimes arbitr>y  #cje  ,*apt] ,,iii4 
,fallacies ( ,simple ,inspection1 or    
priori ,fallacies4  #a4  ,"* ( ?is class
 ( ,fallacies  #cji #b4  ,natural       
prejudice ( mi/ak+ subjective laws =    
objective1 exemplifi$ 9 popul>          
sup]/itions  #caj #c4  ,natural         
prejudices1 t ?+s :i* we ?9k ( toge!r   
mu/ exi/ toge!r1 & t :at is             
inconceivable mu/ be false  #cad #d4    
,natural prejudice1 ( ascrib+ objective 
exi/5ce to ab/ractions  #cba #e4        

,fallacy ( ! ,suffici5t ,reason  #cbb   
#f4  ,natural prejudice1 t ! diff]5ces 9
 nature correspond to ! di/9ctions 9    
language  #cbe #g4  ,prejudice1 t a     
ph5om5on _c h m ?an "o cause  #cbi #h4  
,prejudice1 t ! conditions ( a ph5om5on 
mu/ resemble ! ph5om5on  #ccb ,pg xii   
,*apt] ,,iv4 ,fallacies ( ,obs]vation4  
#a4  ,non-obs]vation1 & ,mal-obs]vation 
#cda #b4  ,non-obs]vation ( in/ances1 & 
non-obs]vation ( circum/ances  #cda #c4 
,examples ( ! =m]  #cdb #d4  --& ( !    
latt]  #cdg #e4  ,mal-obs]vation        
*>act]iz$ & exemplifi$  #ceb  ,*apt] ,v4
 ,fallacies ( ,g5]alization4  #a4  ,"* (
 ! class  #cef #b4  ,c]ta9 k9ds (       
g5]alization mu/ always be gr\ndless    
#cef #c4  ,attempts to resolve ph5om5a  
radically diff]5t into ! same  #ceg #d4 
,fallacy ( mi/ak+ empirical = causal    
laws  #cei #e4  ,po/ hoc1 ergo propt]   
hoc2 & ! d$uctive fallacy correspond+ to
 x  #cfd #f4  ,fallacy ( ,false         
,analogies  #cff #g4  ,function (       
metaphors 9 reason+  #cgc #h4  ,h[      

fallacies ( g5]alization gr[ out ( bad  
classification  #cge  ,*apt] ,,vi4      
,fallacies ( ,ratioc9ation4  #a4        
,introductory ,rem>ks  #cgg #b4         
,fallacies 9 ! conv]sion & quipoll5cy ( 
propositions  #cgg #c4  ,fallacies 9 !  
syllogi/ic process  #cgi #d4  ,fallacy (
 *ang+ ! premises  #cgi  ,*apt] ,,vii4  
,fallacies ( ,confusion4  #a4  ,fallacy 
( ,ambigu\s ,t]ms  #chd #b4  ,fallacy ( 
,petitio ,pr9cipii  #cif #c4  ,fallacy (
 ,ignoratio ,el5*i  #dje ,pg xiii ,,book
 ,,vi4 ,,on ,,! ,,logic ,,( ,,! ,,moral 
,,sci5ces4  ,*apt] ,i4 ,introductory    
,rem>ks4  #a4  ,! backw>d /ate ( !      
,moral ,sci5ces c only be rem$i$ by     
apply+ to !m ! me?ods ( ,physical       
,sci5ce1 duly ext5d$ & g5]aliz$  #dac   
#b4  ,h[ f> ?is c be attempt$ 9 ! pres5t
 "w  #dae  ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,lib]ty &    
,necessity4  #a4  ,are human actions    
subject to ! law ( causality8  #dag #b4 
,! doctr9e commonly call$ ,philosophical
 ,necessity1 9 :at s5se true  #dah #c4  
,inappropriat5ess & p]nici\s effect ( ! 

t]m ,necessity  #dbj #d4  ,a motive n   
always ! anticipation ( a pleasure or a 
pa9  #dbd  ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,t !re is1 or  
may be1 a ,sci5ce ( ,human ,nature4  #a4
  ,!re may be sci5ces :i* are n exact   
sci5ces  #dbf #b4  ,to :at sci5tific    
type ! ,sci5ce ( ,human ,nature         
corresponds  #dbi  ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( !    
,laws ( ,m9d4  #a4  ,:at is meant by    
,laws ( ,m9d  #dcb #b4  ,is !re a sci5ce
 ( ,psy*ology8  #dcc #c4  ,! pr9cipal   
inve/igations ( ,psy*ology *>act]iz$    
#dce #d4  ,relation ( m5tal facts to    
physical conditions  #ddj  ,*apt] ,v4 ,(
 ,e?ology1 or ! ,sci5ce ( ! ,=mation (  
,"*4  #a4  ,! ,empirical ,laws ( ,human 
,nature  #dde #b4  --are m]ely          
approximate g5]alizations4 ,! univ]sal  
laws are ^? ( ! =mation ( "*  #ddg ,pg  
xiv#c4  ,! laws ( ! =mation ( "* _c be  
asc]ta9$ by obs]vation & exp]im5t  #ddi 
#d4  --b mu/ be /udi$ d$uctively  #ded  
#e4  ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,e?ology are !     
axiomata m$ia ( m5tal sci5ce  #dee #f4  
,e?ology *>act]iz$  #dei  ,*apt] ,,vi4  

,g5]al ,consid]ations on ! ,social      
,sci5ce4  #a4  ,are ,social ,ph5om5a a  
subject ( ,sci5ce8  #dfa #b4  ,( :at    
nature ! ,social ,sci5ce mu/ be  #dfc   
,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ! ,*emical1 or         
,exp]im5tal1 ,me?od 9 ! ,social ,sci5ce4
  #a4  ,*>act]s ( ! mode ( ?9k+ :i*     
d$uces political doctr9es f specific    
exp]i5ce  #dff #b4  ,9 ! ,social ,sci5ce
 exp]im5ts are impossible  #dfh #c4  --!
 ,me?od ( ,diff]5ce inapplicable  #dfi  
#d4  --& ! ,me?ods ( ,agreem5t1 & (     
,concomitant ,v>iations1 inconclusive   
#dga #e4  ,! ,me?od ( ,residues also    
inconclusive1 & presupposes ,d$uction   
#dgb  ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ! ,geometrical1 
or ,ab/ract ,me?od4  #a4  ,*>act]s ( ?is
 mode ( ?9k+  #dgf #b4  ,examples ( !   
,geometrical ,me?od  #dgh #c4  ,!       
int]e/-philosophy ( ! ,b5?am s*ool  #dgi
  ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ! ,physical1 or       
,concrete ,d$uctive ,me?od4  #a4  ,!    
,direct & ,inv]se ,d$uctive ,me?ods     
#dhf #b4  ,difficulties ( ! ,direct     
,d$uctive ,me?od 9 ! ,social ,sci5ce    

#dhi #c4  ,to :at ext5t ! diff]5t       
bran*es ( sociological speculation c be 
/udi$ ap>t4 ,political ,economy         
*>act]iz$  #dib #d4  ,political         
,e?ology1 or ! sci5ce ( national "*     
#dig #e4  ,! ,empirical ,laws ( !       
,social ,sci5ce  #ejj #f4  ,!           
,v]ification ( ! ,social ,sci5ce  #ejb  
,pg xv ,*apt] ,x4 ,( ! ,inv]se          
,d$uctive1 or ,hi/orical ,me?od4  #a4   
,di/9ction betwe5 ! g5]al ,sci5ce (     
,society1 & special sociological        
inquiries  #ejf #b4  ,:at is meant by a 
,/ate ( ,society8  #ejf #c4  ,!         
,progressiv5ess ( ,man & ,society  #ejh 
#d4  ,! laws ( ! succession ( /ates (   
society c only be asc]ta9$ by ! ,inv]se 
,d$uctive ,me?od  #eaa #e4  ,social     
,/atics1 or ! sci5ce ( ! ,coexi/5ces (  
,social ,ph5om5a  #eac #f4  ,social     
,dynamics1 or ! sci5ce ( ! ,successions 
( ,social ,ph5om5a  #eba #g4  ,outl9es (
 ! ,hi/orical ,me?od  #ebb #h4  ,future 
prospects ( ,sociological ,inquiry  #ebe
  ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,additional ,elucidations

 ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,hi/ory4  #a4  ,!        
subjection ( hi/orical facts to uni=m   
laws is v]ifi$ by /ati/ics  #ebi #b4    
--does n imply ! insignificance ( moral 
causes  #ecb #c4  --nor ! inefficacy ( !
 *>act]s ( individuals & ( ! acts (     
gov]nm5ts  #ece #d4  ,! hi/orical       
importance ( em95t m5 & ( ! policy (    
gov]nm5ts illu/rat$  #edj  ,*apt] ,,xii4
 ,( ! ,logic ( ,practice1 or ,art2      
includ+ ,morality & ,policy4  #a4       
,morality n a sci5ce1 b an ,art  #edd   
#b4  ,relation betwe5 rules ( art & !   
!orems ( ! correspond+ sci5ce  #edd #c4 
,:at is ! prop] function ( rules ( art8 
#edf #d4  ,art _c be ,d$uctive  #edh #e4
  ,e ,art consi/s ( tru?s ( ,sci5ce1    
arrang$ 9 ! ord] suitable = "s practical
 use  #edi #f4  ,teleology1 or !        
,doctr9e ( ,ends  #eej #g4  ,necessity (
 an ultimate /&>d1 or fir/ pr9ciple (   
,teleology  #eeb #h4  ,conclusion  #eed 
,a ,,sy/em ,,( ,,logic1 ,,ratioc9ative  
,,& ,,inductive ,,be+ ,a ,,connect$     
,,view ,,( ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,(          

,,evid5ce1 ,,& ,,! ,,me?ods ,,(         
,,sci5tific ,,inve/igation4 ,by ,john   
,/u>t ,mill ,,cont5ts ,preface ,to ,!   
,fir/ ,edition4 ,preface ,to ,! ,?ird ,&
 ,f\r? ,editions4 ,introduction4 ,book  
,i  ,( ,names ,& ,propositions4 ,*apt]  
,i  ,( ,! ,necessity ,( ,comm5c+ ,) ,an 
,analysis ,( ,language4 ,*apt] ,,ii  ,( 
,names4 ,*apt] ,,iii  ,( ,! ,?+s ,d5ot$ 
,by ,names4 ,*apt] ,,iv  ,(             
,propositions4 ,*apt] ,v  ,( ,! ,import 
,( ,propositions4 ,*apt] ,,vi  ,(       
,propositions ,m]ely ,v]bal4 ,*apt]     
,,vii  ,( ,! ,nature ,( ,classification1
 ,& ,! ,five ,pr$icables4 ,*apt] ,,viii 
,( ,def9ition4 ,book ,,ii  ,on ,reason+4
 ,*apt] ,i  ,( ,inf]5ce1 ,or ,reason+1  
,9 ,g5]al4 ,*apt] ,,ii  ,(              
,ratioc9ation1 ,or ,syllogism4 ,*apt]   
,,iii  ,( ,! ,functions ,& ,logical     
,value ,( ,! ,syllogism4 ,*apt] ,,iv  ,(
 ,tra9s ,( ,reason+1 ,& ,d$uctive       
,sci5ces4 ,*apt] ,v  ,( ,demon/ration1  
,& ,necess>y ,tru?s4 ,*apt] ,,vi  ,!    
,same ,subject ,cont9u$4 ,*apt] ,,vii   

,exam9ation ,( ,"s ,op9ions ,oppos$ ,to 
,! ,prec$+ ,doctr9es4 ,book ,,iii  ,(   
,induction4 ,*apt] ,i  ,prelim9>y       
,obs]vations ,on ,induction ,9 ,g5]al4  
,*apt] ,,ii  ,( ,inductions ,improp]ly  
,s ,call$4 ,*apt] ,,iii  ,( ,! ,gr\nd ,(
 ,induction4 ,*apt] ,,iv  ,( ,laws ,(   
,nature4 ,*apt] ,v  ,( ,! ,law ,(       
,univ]sal ,causation4 ,*apt] ,,vi  ,on  
,! ,composition ,( ,causes4 ,*apt] ,,vii
  ,on ,obs]vation ,& ,exp]im5t4 ,*apt]  
,,viii  ,( ,! ,f\r ,me?ods ,(           
,exp]im5tal ,inquiry4 ,*apt] ,,ix       
,miscellane\s ,examples ,( ,! ,f\r      
,me?ods4 ,*apt] ,x  ,( ,plurality ,(    
,causes1 ,& ,( ,! ,int]mixture ,(       
,effects4 ,*apt] ,,xi  ,( ,! ,d$uctive  
,me?od4 ,*apt] ,,xii  ,( ,! ,explanation
 ,( ,laws ,( ,nature4 ,*apt] ,,xiii     
,miscellane\s ,examples ,( ,!           
,explanation ,( ,laws ,( ,nature4 ,*apt]
 ,,xiv  ,( ,! ,limits ,to ,!            
,explanation ,( ,laws ,( ,nature2 ,& ,( 
,hypo!ses4 ,*apt] ,,xv  ,( ,progressive 
,effects2 ,& ,( ,! ,cont9u$ ,action ,(  

,causes4 ,*apt] ,,xvi  ,( ,empirical    
,laws4 ,*apt] ,,xvii  ,( ,*ance ,& ,its 
,elim9ation4 ,*apt] ,,xviii  ,( ,!      
,calculation ,( ,*ances4 ,*apt] ,,xix   
,( ,! ,ext5sion ,( ,d]ivative ,laws ,to 
,adjac5t ,cases4 ,*apt] ,,xx  ,(        
,analogy4 ,*apt] ,,xxi  ,( ,! ,evid5ce  
,( ,! ,law ,( ,univ]sal ,causation4     
,*apt] ,,xxii  ,( ,uni=mities ,(        
,co-,exi/5ce ,n ,dep5d5t ,on ,causation4
 ,*apt] ,,xxiv  ,( ,! ,rema9+ ,laws ,(  
,nature4 ,*apt] ,,xxv  ,( ,! ,gr\nds ,( 
,disbelief4 ,book ,,iv  ,( ,op]ations   
,subsidi>y ,to ,induction4 ,*apt] ,i  ,(
 ,obs]vation ,& ,description4 ,*apt]    
,,ii  ,( ,ab/raction1 ,or ,! ,=mation ,(
 ,conceptions4 ,*apt] ,,iii  ,( ,nam+1  
,z ,subsidi>y ,to ,induction4 ,*apt]    
,,iv  ,( ,! ,requisites ,( ,a           
,philosophical ,language1 ,& ,!         
,pr9ciples ,( ,def9ition4 ,*apt] ,v  ,on
 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ,( ,! ,v>iations ,9
 ,! ,mean+ ,( ,t]ms4 ,*apt] ,,vi  ,!    
,pr9ciples ,( ,a ,philosophical         
,language ,fur!r ,consid]$4 ,*apt] ,,vii

  ,( ,classification1 ,z ,subsidi>y ,to 
,induction4 ,*apt] ,,viii  ,(           
,classification ,by ,s]ies4 ,book ,v    
,on ,fallacies4 ,*apt] ,i  ,( ,fallacies
 ,9 ,g5]al4 ,*apt] ,,ii  ,classification
 ,( ,fallacies4 ,*apt] ,,iii  ,fallacies
 ,( ,simple ,inspection2 ,or ,a ,priori 
,fallacies4 ,*apt] ,,iv  ,fallacies ,(  
,obs]vation4 ,*apt] ,v  ,fallacies ,(   
,g5]alization4 ,*apt] ,,vi  ,fallacies  
,( ,ratioc9ation4 ,*apt] ,,vii          
,fallacies ,( ,confusion4 ,book ,,vi    
,on ,! ,logic ,( ,! ,moral ,sci5ces4    
,*apt] ,i  ,introductory ,rem>ks4 ,*apt]
 ,,ii  ,( ,lib]ty ,& ,necessity4 ,*apt] 
,,iii  ,t ,!re ,is1 ,or ,may ,be1 ,a    
,sci5ce ,( ,human ,nature4 ,*apt] ,,iv  
,( ,! ,laws ,( ,m9d4 ,*apt] ,v  ,(      
,e?ology1 ,or ,! ,sci5ce ,( ,! ,=mation 
,( ,"*4 ,*apt] ,,vi  ,g5]al             
,consid]ations ,on ,! ,social ,sci5ce4  
,*apt] ,,vii  ,( ,! ,*emical1 ,or       
,exp]im5tal1 ,me?od ,9 ,! ,social       
,sci5ce4 ,*apt] ,,viii  ,( ,!           
,geometrical1 ,or ,ab/ract1 ,me?od4     

,*apt] ,,ix  ,( ,! ,physical1 ,or       
,concrete ,d$uctive1 ,me?od4 ,*apt] ,x  
,( ,! ,inv]se ,d$uctive1 ,or ,hi/orical1
 ,me?od4 ,*apt] ,,xi  ,additional       
,elucidations ,( ,! ,sci5ce ,( ,hi/ory4 
,*apt] ,,xii  ,( ,! ,logic ,( ,practice1
 ,or ,art2 ,includ+ ,morality ,&        
,policy4 ,footnotes      ,,analysis ,,( 
,,! ,,ph5om5a ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,m9d ,by 
,james ,mill 7,john ,/u>t ,mill7        
,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,volume       
,,page ,,introduction  #a ,,*apt] ,i4   
,s5sation  #b  ,,section  #a4 ,smell #g 
#b4 ,he>+  #af  #c4 ,sight  #ba  #d4    
,ta/e  #be  #e4 ,t\*  #bh  #f4          
,s5sations ( ,disorganization1 or ( !   
,approa* to ,disorganization1 9 any "p (
 ! ,body  #cg  #g4 ,muscul> ,s5sations1 
or ^? ,feel+s :i* accompany ! ,action ( 
! ,muscles  #dj  #h4 ,s5sations 9 !     
,alim5t>y ,canal  #de  ,,*apt] ,,ii4    
,ideas  #ea  ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,!          
,association ( ,ideas  #gj  ,,*apt]     
,,iv4 ,nam+  #abg  ,,section  #a4 ,n\ns 
,sub/antive #acd  #b4 ,n\ns ,adjective  

#acd  #c4 ,v]bs  #aea  #d4 ,pr$ication  
#aei xxiv  ,,section  #e4 ,pron\ns #aid 
#f4 ,adv]bs  #aii  #g4 ,prepositions    
#bja  #h4 ,conjunctions  #bab  ,,*apt]  
,v4 ,consci\sness  #bbc  ,,*apt] ,,vi4  
,conception  #bcc  ,,*apt] ,,vii4       
,imag9ation  #bch  ,,*apt] ,,viii4      
,classification  #bdg  ,,*apt] ,,ix4    
,ab/raction  #bid  ,,*apt] ,x4 ,memory  
#cah  ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,belief  #cda       
,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,ratioc9ation  #dbd      
,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,evid5ce  #dbh ,,app5dix
  #ddj ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,second       
,,volume ,,*apt] ,,xiv4  ,,page ,"s     
,names :i* require a p>ticul>           
,explanation  #a  ,,section  #a4 ,names 
( ,names  #c  #b4 ,relative ,t]ms  #f   
,ab/ract ,relative ,t]ms  #gb  #c4      
,numb]s  #hi  #d4 ,privative ,t]ms  #ii 
#e4 ,"t  #aaf  #f4 ,motion  #adb  #g4   
,id5tity  #afd  ,,*apt] ,,xv4           
,reflection  #agf  ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,!    
,di/9ction betwe5 ! ,intellectual &     
,active ,p[]s ( ! ,human ,m9d  #aha     
,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,pleasurable & ,pa9ful  

,s5sations  #ahd  ,,*apt] ,,xviii4      
,causes ( ! ,pleasurable & ,pa9ful      
,s5sations  #ahg  ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,ideas 
( ! ,pleasurable & ,pa9ful ,s5sations1 &
 ( ! ,causes ( !m  #ahi  ,,*apt] ,,xx4  
,! ,pleasurable & ,pa9ful ,s5sations1   
contemplat$ z pass$1 or future  #aif    
volume #b vi ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,! ,causes (
 ,pleasurable & ,pa9ful ,s5sations1     
contemplat$ z pass$1 or future  #bja    
,,section  #a4 ,! imm$iate ,causes (    
,pleasurable & ,pa9ful ,s5sations1      
contemplat$ z pass$1 or z future  #bja  
#b4 ,! ,remote ,causes ( ,pleasurable & 
,pa9ful ,s5sations contemplat$ z pass$1 
or future  #bjf  ,,sub-,,sect4  #a4     
,weal?1 ,p[]1 & ,dignity1 & _!          
,contr>ies1 contemplat$ z ,causes ( our 
,pleasures & ,pa9s  #bjg  #b4 ,our      
,fell[-,creatures contemplat$ z ,causes 
( our ,pleasures & ,pa9s  #bad          
#a4--;,fri5d%ip  #baf  #b4--,k9dness    
#baf  #c4--;,family  #bah  #d4--;,c\ntry
  #bbf  #e4--,p>ty2 ,class  #bbg        
#f4--,mank9d  #bbi  #c4 ,! ,objects     

call$ ,sublime & ,beautiful1 & _!       
,contr>ies1 contemplat$ z ,causes ( our 
,pleasures & ,pa9s  #bcj  ,,*apt]       
,,xxii4 ,motives  #bef  ,,section  #a4  
,pleasurable or ,pa9ful ,/ates1         
contemplat$ z ! ,consequ5ts ( our own   
,acts  #bef  #b4 ,causes ( our          
,pleasurable & ,pa9ful ,/ates1          
contemplat$ z ! ,consequ5ts ( our own   
,acts  #bfe  ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,! ,acts (
 our ,fell[-creatures1 :i* are ,causes (
 our ,pa9s & ,pleasures1 contemplat$ z  
,consequ5ts ( our own ,acts  #bhj       
,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,! ,w  #cbg  ,,*apt]    
,,xxv4 ,int5tion  #cif