,,f ,,grieg ,,to ,,brahms ,illu/ration ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,bo/on ,,*icago ,,dallas ,,san ,,francisco ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,london ,,bombay ,,calcutta ,,melb\rne ,,! ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,toronto ,illu/ration3 ,,brahms ,,at ,,! ,,piano ,,f ,,grieg ,,to ,,brahms ,,/udies ,,( ,,"s ,,mod]n ,,compos]s ,,& ,,_! ,,art ,,by ,,daniel ,,gregory ,,mason ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #aiba ,all rights res]v$ ,copyright1 #aijb1 by ,,! ,,outlook ,,company ,publi%$ ,novemb]1 #aijb4 ,to my uncle ,dr4 ,william ,mason :o has won ! gratitude ( lov]s ( music 9 ,am]ica ,i d$icate ^! /udies ) affection & respect ,,preface ,music may be h>d to und]/&1 b musicians are m52 s rem>k$ a fri5d ( m9e :5 ,i 0 fir/ plann+ ^! essays4 ,! s5t5ce sums up v happily a tru? ,i h con/antly _h 9 m9d 9 writ+ !m4 ,z all music1 no matt] :at its complexity on ! te*nical side1 is 9 ess5ce an expression ( p]sonal feel+1 & z ! qualities ( a man's p]sonality %[ !mselves n only 9 8 works1 b 9 8 acts1 8 words1 8 face1 8 h&writ+ & c>riage ev51 x has seem$ natural & fruitful1 9 ^! /udies1 to seek acqua9tance ) ! musicians ?r\gh acqua9tance ) ! m54 ,b p]sonal expression dep5ds n alone on ! p]sonality ( ! arti/2 x dep5ds also on ! res\rces ( art1 :i* 9 turn are ! product ( a long1 sl[ gr[?4 ,accord+ly1 if we w\ld und]/& ! individual compos]s1 we mu/ h a s5se ( ! s*eme into :i* !y fall1 ! great univ]sal evolution ( :i* !y are b incid5ts4 ,x is = ?is reason t ,i h tri$1 9 ! introductory essay on ,! ,appreciation ( ,music1 to describe "s ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! art1 & to sket* 9 _! light ! g5]al movem5t ( musical hi/ory1 9 ord] to give ! read] a p]spective s5se1 a bird's-eye view ( ! great army ( arti/s 9 :i* ! supreme ma/]s are b lead]s ( battalions & regim5ts4 ,)\t ?is s5se x is impossible truly to place or ju/ly to e/imate any individual4 ,at ! end ( ! introduction ,i apply ! pr9ciples work$ out to det]m9+ 9 a g5]al way h[ ! half doz5 compos]s to be /udi$ are relat$ to mod]n music z a :ole4 ,my result is t al?\gh !y are practically contempor>y1 !y are by no means pe]s 9 ! scope & significance ( _! "w4 ,if we arrange !m 9 ! ord] ( _! influ5ce on art1 :i* dep5ds ^u _! p[] bo? to assimilate previ\s res\rces & to add new ones1 we mu/ pass f ,grieg to ,brahms4 ,! purpose ( ! la/ essay 9 ! book1 on ,! ,mean+ ( ,music1 w be obvi\s en\gh4 ,j z ! introductory essay tries to sket* ! g5]al musical environm5t1 z det]m9$ by basic pr9ciples & develop$ 9 hi/ory1 9 relation to :i* alone ! individuals discuss$ c be und]/ood1 s ! epilogue seeks to sugge/ t /ill l>g] environm5t ( human feel+ & activity on :i* music1 l ev]y?+ else1 dep5ds = its vitality4 ,! fir/ essay consid]s music z a m$ium = m51 ! la/ consid]s life z a m$ium = music4 ,x w\ld be impossible to ackn[l$ge "h all t ^! /udies1 p>ticul>ly ! fir/1 owe to ! writ+s ( o!rs4 ,p]haps ! books :i* h mo/ influ5c$ my treatm5t ( musical /hetics are ,dr4 ,george ,santayana's ,s5se ( ,beauty & ,dr4 ,c4 ,hub]t ,h4 ,p>ry's ,evolution ( ! ,art ( ,music1 ?\gh ,i h got mu* help also f ,dr4 ,william ,james's ,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology1 f ,dr4 ,josiah ,royce's books1 f ,mr4 ,edw>d ,c>p5t]1 & ( c\rse f ,helmholtz1 ,gurney1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,had[1 & ! o!r /&>d writ]s on musical !ory4 ,9 ga!r+ ! biographical mat]ial ,i h _h mu* cordial & skillful help f ,miss ,b>ton1 ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 = :i* ,i "h record my ?anks4 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 ,augu/ #bc1 #aijb4 ,,note ,,to ,,! ,,?ird ,,impression ,sir ,*>les ,villi]s ,/an=d has po9t$ out an error 9 ! /ory told ( ,brahms on page #agh4 ,x 0 n ! ,cambridge ,univ]sity au?orities :o invit$ ,brahms to write a new "w1 b ! manag]s ( ! ,le$s ,fe/ivals1 :o1 aft] long neglect ( 8 already pr9t$ compositions1 ask$ him1 9 #ahhg1 to write !m a new "o2 :]eupon he return$ ! answ] describ$4 ,new ,york ,city1 ,may #aj?1 #aijd4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,i ,,introduction3 ,,! ,,appreciation ,,( ,,music #a ,,ii ,,edv>d ,,grieg #dg ,,iii ,,anton9 ,,dvo,k #ga ,,iv ,,camille ,,sa9t-,,sa,,ns #ig ,v ,c,,s> ,,franck #aba ,,vi ,,pet] ,,ilyit* ,,ts*a,,k[sky #adi ,,vii ,,johannes ,,brahms #agc ,,viii ,,epilogue3 ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,music #bjc ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,fac+ ,,page ,,brahms ,,at ,,! ,,piano ,title ,f a *>coal draw+ by ,w4 von ,beck]a? ,,grieg #di ,,dvo,k #gc ,,sa9t-,,sa,,ns #ii ,,franck #abc ,,ts*a,,k[sky #aea ,,brahms #age ,i ,,introduction ,,! ,,appreciation ,,( ,,music ,i ,,introduction ,,! ,,appreciation ,,( ,,music ,h[ev] int]e/+ may be ! /udy ( an art ?r\gh ! p]sonalities ( ! arti/s :o h produc$ x1 & su* /udy1 s9ce art is a mode ( human expression1 is inde$ ess5tial1 x mu/ be supplem5t$ by at lea/ "s g5]al k ( ! long cont9u\s evolution 9 :i* ! "w ( ! mo/ brilliant individual is b a mom5t1 a phase4 ,! quality ( a man's "w 9 art1 & especially1 z w be se5 9 a mom5t1 9 music1 dep5ds n alone on ! dep? ( 8 "* & ! =ce ( 8 tal5t1 b also l>gely on ! te*nical res\rces he owes to o!rs1 on ! means = express+ himself t he f9ds ready to 8 h&4 ,:atev] 8 p]sonal p[]s or limitations1 ! value ( 8 "w w be det]m9$ n m by ^! ?an by ! helps & h9drances ( 8 arti/ic inh]itance4 ,! great edifice ( art1 9 fact1 is l ^? ,go?ic ca!drals on :i* g5]ations ( m5 successively labor$2 ?\s&s ( common workm5 hew$ _! f\ndation /ones2 f9] m9ds1 ar*itects1 smi?s1 brass f\nd]s1 glass mak]s & sculptors1 wr\ght & decorat$ ! sup]/ructures2 & ! "w ( ea*1 :atev] 8 p]sonal skill & devotion1 0 valuable only because x built ^u & add$ to t ( all ! re/4 ,! so>+ spires are firmly bas$ on blocks ( /one plodd+ly adju/$2 ! w9d[s1 (t5 ( su* a p]fect beauty t !y seem creat$ r ?an con/ruct$1 _h nev]!less to be built up bit by bit2 & all ! m>vel\s organism ( pill>s1 ar*es & buttresses is s delicately solid1 s prec>i\sly /able1 t _h "o /ress be5 miscalculat$1 "o jo9t inaccurately made1 ! :ole w\ld collapse4 ,s x is ) ! edifice ( art1 & p>ticul>ly ) t ( music1 :i* dep5ds = its v mat]ial on ! labors ( musicians4 ,pigm5ts1 clay1 m>ble1 ! mat]ials ( ! pla/ic arts1 exi/ already 9 ! _w2 b ! :ole ladd] ( fix$ tones on :i* music is built is ! product ( man's /hetic s5se1 & _h to be creat$ sl[ly & labori\sly by _m g5]ations ( m54 ,! successions ( *ords :i* e banjo play] /rums 9 8 accompanim5ts 7 ! subject ( long trial by ! m$ival compos]s4 ,! hymn tune t any boy c write is model$ on a symmetrical s*eme ( phrases develop$ by c\ntless exp]im5t]s4 ,x took m5 c5turies to select & arrange ! eight tones ( ! ord9>y scale1 & c5turies m to le>n h[ to comb9e !m 9 *ords4 ,& ! mo/ eloqu5t mod]n works dep5d on ?is long evolution ( res\rces j z inevitably z ! ,go?ic spire re/s on ! hewn /ones s c>efully laid4 ,9 ! art1 z 9 ! ca!dral1 ! se5 re/s ^u ! unse51 ! beautiful ^u ! solid1 ! complex ^u ! simple1 ! new ^u ! old4 ,! product ( a ?\s& arti/s1 music is z dep5d5t on ea* z ! coral reef on ! t9y indisp5sable body ( ea* insect2 & on ! o!r h& ! individual musician1 :atev] 8 ability1 is great only z he uses ! equipm5t 8 fell[s h prep>$--! greate/ is ! mo/ indebt$ man4 ,if1 !n1 we w\ld ju/ly value ! half doz5 compos]s :o h done mo/ = music 9 our day1 we mu/ add to our und]/&+ ( !m z p]sons a k ( ! g5]al developm5t 9 :i* !y play a "p2 we mu/ ga9 "s s5se ( t great process ( musical gr[? f :i* !y inh]it _! res\rces1 to :i* !y make _! v>i\s contributions1 & 9 relation to :i* alone !y c be fairly comp>$ & appreciat$4 ,aft] exam9+ ! g5]al c\rse ( musical hi/ory1 asc]ta9+ "s fundam5tal pr9ciples1 & apply+ ^! pr9ciples to our special judgm5ts1 we %all be able to p]ceive ! greate/ musicians ( our day 9 _! relations1 & to get a p]spective view ( mod]n music 9 :i* !y %all take _! prop] places4 ,i ,if we wi% to get an idea ( primeval music1 to see f :at impulses x took rise1 we h only to /udy ! musical activities ( *ildr5 & savages1 9 :om we h primeval man made contempor>y1 ! remote pa/ br\ght conv5i5tly into ! pres5t to be obs]v$4 ,:5 we make su* a /udy we f9d t bo? *ildr5 & savages express _! feel+s by ge/ures & cries1 t "u ! sway ( emotion !y ei!r dance or s+4 ,to !m quiet1 sil5t feel+ is impossible4 ,are !y joyful1 !y leap & laugh2 are !y angry1 !y /rike & %\t2 are !y sad1 !y rock & moan4 ,moreov]1 we c discrim9ate ! k9ds ( feel+ t are express$ by ^! cries & ge/ures4 ,r\ghly speak+1 bodily movem5t is ! natural outlet ( active vitality1 ( ! joy ( life & ! lu/ ( liv+1 :ile x is ! m contemplative emotions--love1 grief1 rev]ie1 devotion--t f9d vocal utt]ance4 ,! w>-dances & revels ( savages1 accompani$ by drum & tomtom1 are ge/iculatory2 _! love-songs & ululations ov] ! dead are vocal4 ,9 ! same way *ildr5 9 _! mom5ts ( en?usiasm are wont to m>* ab\t %\t+ & /amp+ 9 "t1 all _! limbs galvaniz$ ) n]v\s =ce2 & x is :5 ! wave ( en]gy has pass$ & !y sit on ! floor engross$ 9 blocks or dolls t !y s+ to !mselves _! curi\s undulat+ *ants4 ,ev5 9 ourselves we c obs]ve ! same t5d5cies1 *eck$ ?\gh !y be by c\nt]-impulses 9 our m complex temp]am5ts3 :5 we are gay we walk briskly1 click+ our heels 9 "t & p]haps :i/l+ a cat*2 9 our dreami] h\rs we are quiet1 or m]ely hum a tune "u our brea?4 ,?us ?r\gh all human nature runs ! t5d5cy to v5t feel+1 active & contemplative1 9 ^? bodily movem5ts & vocal utt]ances :i* und]lie ! two great g5]ators ( music1 dance & song4 ,su* activities1 h[ev]1 are by no means z yet dance & song4 ,at fir/ !y are no m ?an m]e reflex actions1 z spontane\s & un?9k+ z ! ,ow ( ! man :o /ubs 8 toe4 ,! emotion is felt1 & out comes ! ge/ure or cry2 t is all4 ,x is ! organism's way ( lett+ (f /eam4 ,x is n expression1 n be+ prompt$ by a desire to communicate ! feel+1 b m]ely by ! impulse to be unburd5$ ( x4 ,be=e !re c be true expression or communication1 !re mu/ be two m l9ks add$ to ! *a9 ( :i* ^! automatic activities are only ! fir/4 ,! second l9k is imitation4 ,accord+ to a !ory widely exploit$ 9 rec5t ye>s1 we t5d to imitate :atev] we see ano!r d4 ,) *ildr5 ! t5d5cy is s /rong t a l>ge "p ( _! "t & en]gy is devot$ to elaborate imp]sonation & make-believe1 & ! entire basis ( _! education is acquir$ ?r\gh ?is directly assimilative faculty4 ,9 adults x is less active1 b e s5sitive p]son kn[s h[ difficult x is n to imitate =eign acc5ts1 /amm]+1 & o!r petty mann]isms1 & few are s call\s t !y c )/& ! infection ( /rong /imuli l ! ge/ures & cries ( emotion4 ,! wail+ baby 9 ! /reet c>1 :o moves all ! o!r babies )9 he>+ to wail also 7if !y be n already at x indep5d5tly72 ! dog bay+ ! moon until all )9 e>%ot jo9 9 ! s]5ade2 ! negro at ! camp-meet+ clapp+ 8 h&s until ! :ole company is 9 a rhy?mic ec/asy--^! are examples ( ! contagion ( cries & ge/ures4 ,be>+ !m 9 m9d1 x is easy to see t ! vocal or bodily acts :i* 9 ! fir/ place are m]e reflexes ( feel+1 p]=m$ ) no ?\ght ( expression1 b only = p]sonal easem5t1 w g5]ally1 nev]!less1 prompt simil> acts 9 o!rs4 ,! p]=mances ( ! individual w n end ) himself2 ?anks to ! in/9ct ( imitation1 !y w be v widely copi$4 ,b n[--& ?is is ! ?ird l9k ( ! *a9--bodily acts set up m5tal /ates1 & a man _c ge/iculate or vocalize )\t feel+ ! emotions ( :i* 8 actions are1 z we say1 expressive4 ,we feel sorry because we cry1 writes ,pr(essor ,william ,james 9 8 brilliant1 p>adoxical way1 angry because we /rike1 afraid because we tremble2 & :e!r or n we agree ) 8 extreme view t ! m5tal /ate is entirely a rev]b]ation ( bodily di/urbances1 we _c b realize t 9 all ^! cases execut+ ! expression t5ds to give u ! feel+4 ,he :o p]si/5tly smiles w end by be+ *e]ful1 & a mod]ate am\nt ( sigh+ or groan+ w make any "o melan*oly4 ,above all1 ! imitation ( vocal movem5ts1 su* z we all g ?r\gh at lea/ incipi5tly :5 we he> melody1 & ! keep+ "t t /rong dance-music s irresi/ibly prompts--^! actions v noticeably set up 9 u _! appropriate /ates ( feel+4 ,we n only imitate ! lip motions & ?roat contractions ( a p]suasive speak] or s+]1 b do+ s fills u ) ! emotion t prompts 8 utt]ance4 ,tir$ soldi]s n only /ep out to a pot5tly rhy?mical tune--t is1 !y n only imitate ! beat--b !y actually feel less we>y1 m en]getic1 s long z ! /imulus la/s4 ,once a bodily activity is set up1 no matt] h[1 x ar\ses ! m5tal /ate prop] to x2 9 a ^w1 expression g5]ates emotion4 ,obvi\sly1 !n1 if 9 ! fir/ place ! natural outlets ( emotional excitem5t are bodily motions & vocal s\nds1 if 9 ! second place ! obs]vation ( su* motions & s\nds ar\ses ! impulse to imitate !m1 & if f9ally ?is imitation produces aga9 9 ! imitator ! /ates ( m9d :i* fir/ set ! :ole process go+1 !n ^! motions & s\nds1 ^! in*oate g]ms ( dance & song1 possess an enorm\s lat5t p[] ( expression1 & ne$ only to be sy/ematiz$ to become a wond]fully eloqu5t language4 ,su* a language1 9 fact1 is music4 ,,ii ,at ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 x is important n to g too fa/4 ,^! crude ge/ures & cries by :i* primeval man express$ 8 feel+s1 ?\gh !y 7 ! g]ms out ( :i* music grew1 7 z yet no m music1 :i* is n only expressive s\nd1 b =m$1 articulate s\nd1 ?an an infant's coo+s are spee*4 ,s f> !y 7 m]e ebullitions1 purposeless & =mless2 be=e !y c\ld become communicative !y mu/ become def9ite1 !y mu/ take on "s organic /ructure4 ,n[ ge/ures1 bodily movem5ts1 are v easily gr\p$ toge!r by means ( acc5t4 ,e walk] kn[s t x is difficult n to emphasize alt]nate /eps1 gr\p+ ! unacc5t$ ) ! acc5t$ into a clu/] ( two4 ,e waltz] makes a simil> gr\p+ ( ?ree /eps1 "o acc5t$1 ! o!r two subord9ate4 ,"s su* sy/em ( gr\p+ is in/9ctively adopt$ :5ev] we h a s]ies ( impressions regul>ly recurr+ 9 "t4 ,let ! read]1 li/5+ to ! tick+ ( a wat*1 note h[ impossible x is to att5d to ea* tick by itself4 ,he w inevitably gr\p !m 9 twos2 ! acc5t may come on ! fir/ or on ! la/ ( ! gr\p1 b he _c he> !m z exactly equal1 any m ?an 9 walk+ he c put exactly equal /ress on ea* /ep4 ,x 0 ?is t5d5cy ( ! m9d to gr\p its impressions on a basis ( equal "t measurem5ts & unequal acc5ts t l$ at ! dawn ( musical hi/ory to met] or rhy?m1 :i* is z p]si/5t 9 music z x is 9 poetry4 ,metrical =m 0 ! natural means ( giv+ def9ition to bodily movem5ts1 & z soon z x 0 develop$ en\gh to produce regul>1 easily imitat$ /eps out ( ! *aotic ge/ures ( nave feel+1 ,dance 0 born4 ,at fir/1 ( c\rse1 metrical =m 0 /umbl$ ^u bl9dly4 ,hav+ two arms & two legs1 m5 naturally mov$ ) a symmetry t gradually impress$ _! m9ds2 oblig$ by ! facts ( anatomy to gr\p _! motions 9 twos1 !y soon took ! h9t1 & beat _! drums or /ruck _! cymbals accord+ly4 ,! primeval dance 0 d\btless ! m>*4 ,b soon !y began to c>ry out ! pr9ciple !y _h ?us *anc$ ^u1 & despite anatomy devis$ ! gr\p ( ?ree4 ,! exi/5ce ( triple met] is all ! pro( ne$$ t metrical =m is ess5tially a process ( intellig5ce1 n a physical fatality2 m5 gr\p$ _! /eps or leaps or drum-taps 9 twos or 9 ?rees because su* gr\ps 7 easy to make1 to imitate1 & to rememb]4 ,& once p]ceiv$1 no matt] h[1 su* gr\p+s t5d$ to cl+1 to p]petuate !mselves4 ,= !y 7 def9ite1 memorable =ms1 & !y surviv$ all haphaz>d ge/ures & vague motions by virtue ( ! law t :at is adapt$ to its environm5t w live long] ?an :at is n4 ,9 ?is case ! environm5t 0 ! human m9d2 & ! def9ite organisms1 ! metrical =ms1 surviv$ & develop$ because ! m9d c\ld rememb] !m1 :ile all ! vague ge/ures out ( :i* !y grew %>$ ! fate ( :at is indef9ite1 accid5tal1 inorganic4 ,?us ,dance1 :i* 0 ge/iculation sy/ematiz$ by metrical =m1 em]g$ & grew 9 ! human m9d1 l an animal 9 a cong5ial habitat4 ,= a long :ile ! metrical =ms t m5 c\ld p]ceive & rememb] 7 mo/ rudim5t>y4 ,probably x took !m c5turies to grasp ! simple gr\p ( ?ree1 ! basis ( su* acc5t-s*emes z ! waltz & ! mazurka4 ,ev5 to-day1 psy*ologi/s agree1 we are unable to grasp a gr\p ( sev51 & we p]ceive l>g] gr\ps ?an ?ree only z comp\nd$ ( ! elem5t>y twos & ?rees4,a ,b gradually m5 le>n$ to recomb9e _! gr\ps 9 /ill l>g] =ms1 ( :i* ! fir/ gr\ps con/itut$ ! elem5ts4 ,j z 9 *emi/ry ! basic elem5ts l oxyg5 & hydrog51 nitrog5 & c>bon1 c comb9e only 9 a few simple ways1 b ! comp\nd molecules ?us produc$ c recomb9e into ! myriad sub/ances ( organic *emi/ry1 ! sug>s & />*es & all ! re/1 s ! simple dual & triple measures ( music c be built into an inf9ite v>iety ( figures & phrases4 ,9 e>ly dance & folk-song a m & m complex metrical plan ?us sl[ly develop$4 ,two or m ( ! simple gr\ps ( beats1 call$ measures1 7 comb9$ into a l>g] gr\p1 a recognizable figure or motif2 !n aga9 motifs 7 comb9$ into /ill l>g] phrases2 & f9ally1 z ! musical m$ium became m def9ite1 pla/ic & v>i\s1 phrases 7 comb9$ 9 _m diff]5t types ( design1 into complete tunes4 ,9 all ^! regr\p+s1 ! wond]ful v>iety ( :i* is "o ( ! mo/ preci\s res\rces ( mod]n music1 ! fundam5tal proc$ure 0 ! same--elem5ts alike 9 duration1 b diff]5t 9 acc5t or significance1 7 made to coh]e 9 a gr\p or =m4 ,j z 9 v]se ! feet1 or elem5t>y metrical =ms ^: elem5ts are s+le syllables ( equal duration b unequal /ress1 are comb9$ into l9es1 & lat] ^! l9es into /anzas1 s 9 music measures are comb9$ 9 figures1 & figures built up into phrases1 & phrases into tunes4 ,& z ! div]sity ( ! possible =ms becomes great] & great] z we advance f foot to /anza1 !re be+ few =ms ( feet b _m ( /anza1 s metrical =m 9 music becomes m & m complex z x evolves1 & ?\gh all music mu/ be built out ( dual or triple measures1 x may be built into tunes ( an inf9ite v>iety ( patt]n4 ,ea* new complexity1 h[ev]1 mu/ be intelligible2 x _c be introduc$ until m5 h ma/]$ ! simpl] gr\ps out ( :i* x is comp\nd$4 ,bee?ov5's wondr\sly intricate texture1 ,brahms's so>+ phrases1 w\ld be mean+less to u _h we n inh]it$ f ?\s&s ( ance/ors a s5se ( ! sy/em ( regul> acc5ts & duration on :i* _! complexities are sup]pos$4 ,f ! days1 ages ago1 :5 savages fir/ beat a drum 9 simple m>* rhy?m1 up to to-day1 :5 ,brahms builds up 8 extraord9>ily intricate fabrics1 ) _! elaborate prosody1 _! augm5tation1 & dim9ution1 & %ift$ rhy?m1 ! evolution ( metrical =m has be5 s+le & cont9u\s2 ea* advance has be5 built on previ\s a*ievem5ts4 ,!re are no dropp$ /it*es 9 ?is k9d ( knitt+4 ,metrical =m1 h[ev]1 is n ! only sort ( =m by :i* s\nds c be comb9$4 ,x is ! natural organiz+ ag5t ( ,dance1 :i*1 z we h se51 develops out ( ! movem5ts expressive ( m5's active impulses2 b human nature has also its contemplative side1 & ?is1 express+ itself 9 vocal utt]ance1 und]goes ano!r sort ( developm5t & results 9 ,song4 ,:at1 !n1 are ! means by :i* ,song is def9$1 by :i* vocal s\nds are organiz$ into intelligible & memorable =ms8 ,be=e we answ] ?is "q x w be well to consid] = a mom5t a m g5]al "o4 ,:at1 9 g5]al1 is a =m8 ,we %all be help$ to def9e a =m 9 g5]al by look+ back to ! metrical =ms we h j be5 /udy+4 ,^!1 we h se51 are gr\ps or clu/]s ( impressions1 held toge!r by "s simil>ity1 yet also diff]5tiat$ by "s contra/4 ,! two or ?ree beats ( ! measure-gr\p are simil> 9 duration1 yet diff]5t 9 acc5t4 ,& )\t bo? ! simil>ity & ! diff]5ce1 ! unity & ! v>iety1 !y w\ld n be a gr\p4 ,)\t simil>ity !y w\ld be a haphaz>d collection1 a *aos2 )\t diff]5ce !y w\ld all fuse toge!r 9 "o indi/+ui%able mass4 ,9 o!r words1 !y exemplify a g5]al fact ab\t =ms--namely1 t ! elem5ts mu/ be alike en\gh to be associat$1 & yet diff]5t en\gh to be discrim9at$4 ,if we _c associate !m we _c feel !m z a gr\p2 !y w n coh]e4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we _c discrim9ate !m1 !n d !y equally fail to make up a =m2 !y simply m+le toge!r into a homog5e\s lump4 ,! organs ( an organism mu/ be1 !n1 relat$1 yet diff]5t2 ! elem5ts ( a =m mu/ be bo? simil> & dissimil>4 ,unless !y are bo? we _c p]ceive !m z l9k$1 yet di/9ct4 ,be>+ ?is g5]al fact ab\t =ms 9 m9d1 we may inve/igate ! k9ds ( =m t und]lie ,song4 ,probably e "o :o has li/5$ to ! :i/l+ ( factories 9 a l>ge city at noon has _h ! curi\s exp]i5ce ( sudd5ly he>+ amid ! mean+less d9 a pair ( tones t my/]i\sly mate & m]ge4 ,! o!r tones seem entirely accid5tal2 !y h no relation to ea* o!r1 & give "o m]ely a s5se ( vague annoyance4 ,b ^! two =m an intelligible gr\p2 we are able to grasp !m toge!r1 & we take an indescribable pleasure 9 ?us feel+ !m z p>ts ( "o :ole4 ,"h is an in/ance ( ano!r sort ( musical =m ?an ! metrical1 a sort t we may call h>monic4 ,"h ! gr\p+ takes place on a plat=m n ( "t1 b ( pit*2 ! two elem5ts ( ! gr\p h no metrical relations1 b 9 pit* !y are someh[ relat$4 ,n[ ?is sort ( pit* relation%ip has play$ a vital "p 9 music1 a "p h>dly second>y to t ( "t relation%ip2 s t an und]/&+ ( x is important en\gh to delay u "h a mom5t ) "s r dry te*nical facts on :i* x dep5ds4 ,ord9>y musical tones1 ! notes ( ! voice1 ! viol91 & ! piano1 = example1 simple z !y s\nd1 are1 l ord9>y :ite light1 r complex comp\nds ( _m simple elem5ts4 ,!re are 9 !m sev5 or eight con/itu5t or p>tial tones1 q di/9ctly audible to ! tra9$ e> or to ! untra9$ e> arm$ ) suitable in/rum5ts2 & ^! p>tial tones1 produc$ by vibrations 9 ! s\nd-emitt+ body ^: rates are regul>ly relat$1 be> a c]ta9 fix$ relation to ea* o!r1 l ! spectrum-colors t compose :ite light4 ,n only ?is1 b ea* p>tial tone ar\ses its own prop] s5sation 9 ! e> by /imulat+ !re "o ( ! m9ute filam5ts call$ ! cords ( ,corti1 ea* ( :i* vibrates sympa!tically to a tone ( giv5 pit* & to no o!r4 ,n[ we are to imag9e t :5 an ord9>y musical tone is s\nd$1 sev5 or eight ( ^! little cords imm$iately />t a-tremble1 & s5d to ! bra9 _! messages1 :i* comb9e !re into ! composite impression we "n a tone4 ,if n[ ano!r tone is s\nd$1 "o :i* />ts into motion ano!r set ( filam5ts1 & if fur!rmore !re is "o filam5t n[ set 9 motion t 0 also excit$ by ! fir/ comp\nd tone--if1 9 o!r words1 ! two tones happ5 to h a p>tial tone 9 common1 :i* 9 bo? in/ances excites ! same filam5t 9 ! e>1 !n we %all h a s5se ( close relation%ip betwe5 !m2 !y w make toge!r a h>monic gr\p or =m4 ,?is1 z a matt] ( fact1 is :at happ5s ) any two tones t =m :at is call$ a consonant int]val ) ea* o!r1 an octave1 a fif?1 or a f\r?4 ,if tones ,x & ,y1 = in/ance1 are an octave ap>t1 ! second p>tial tone ( ,x w be id5tical ) ! fir/ ( ,y2 if !y are a fif? ap>t1 ! ?ird p>tial tone ( ,x w be id5tical ) ! second ( ,y2 if !y are a f\r? ap>t1 ! f\r? p>tial tone ( ,x w correspond ) ! ?ird ( ,y4 ,x is obvi\s1 !n1 t all ^! int]vals w give u ! s5se ( h>monic =m2 = !y provide all ! necess>y conditions ( a =m1 hav+ en\gh 9 common to be associat$ by our m9ds1 & en\gh n 9 common 7_! dissimil> p>tial tones7 to be di/+ui%$4 ,:5 ! p>tial tone 9 common is s high1 & !re=e s weak1 t x impresses u b slightly1 we %all h little or no s5se ( _! be+ relat$2 su* is ! case 9 ! s-call$ imp]fect consonances & ! dissonances4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 all ! mo/ prom95t p>tial tones ( "o exi/ 9 ! o!r1 !y w fuse into "o impression 9 our m9ds1 los+ ! *>act]i/ic ( =m entirely1 z is ! case to "s ext5t ) ! octave & entirely ) ! unison4 ,b :51 z 9 ! case ( fif?s & f\r?s1 !re are bo? a di/9ctly audible p>tial tone 9 common & o!rs n 9 common1 !n we %all h true h>monic =ms4 ,s mu* te*nical detail w be =giv5 by ! read] :o c at all realize h[ pr(\ndly ! entire hi/ory ( music has be5 affect$ by ^! ac\/ic & physiological facts4 ,we h already se5 h[ folk-music sl[ly wr\ght out ! complex metrical =ms bas$ ^u "t gr\p+4 ,9 ! same way1 ecclesia/ical music wr\ght out1 sl[ly & labori\sly1 ! h>monic & melodic =ms t 7 bas$ ^u pit*-gr\p+4 ,= a long "t vocal utt]ance 0 def9$ only by c]ta9 simple int]vals l ! fall ( ! f\r?1 :i* =m$ ! cad5ces ( ,greek dramatic recitation & ( m$ival ,*ri/ian inton+4 ,gradually ornam5tal notes 7 introduc$ z approa*es to ! f9al note2 ^! 7 v>i$ 9 pit*1 & new ones add$1 until f9ally !re result$ ! anci5t modes1 precursors ( our scale4 ,!n1 :5 two melodies began to be sung at once1 ! int]vals ( ! octave1 fif?1 & f\r? 7 aga9 call$ into requisition1 & made ! bases ( primitive h>mony4 ,9 ! old ,organum ( ! ,middle ,ages1 two voices1 a fif? ap>t1 gave ! same melody1 j z ) ! ,greeks1 9 ! process call$ magadis+1 two voices sang ! same tune1 an octave ap>t4 ,s1 /ep by /ep1 pit* relations 7 p]ceiv$ & utiliz$4 ,9 all /ages ( ! long progress1 :e!r ! int]val *os5 0 ! octave or ! fif? or ! f\r?1 & :e!r ! tones 7 s\nd$ 9 succession z a melodic /ep or simultane\sly z a *ord1 ! guid+ pr9ciple 0 ! same2 tones 7 gr\p$ toge!r :i* _h pit*-=m1 :i* _h p>tial tones 9 common & o!rs n 9 common4 ,a h>monic =m1 l a metrical =m1 0 always a clu/] ( tones t c\ld be bo? associat$ & di/+ui%$4 ,x 0 a long "t be=e ^! two means ( organiz+ s\nd 7 us$ 9 comb9ation4 ,until ! sev5te5? c5tury metrical =m 0 *iefly us$1 q naturally1 to def9e ! ge/iculatory "p ( musical mat]ial1 ! product ( active emotion1 :ile h>monic =m gave coh]5ce to ! vocal "p1 ! product ( contemplative or religi\s emotion4 ,primitive dance ei!r neglect$ pit* relation%ip entirely1 z 9 t k9d ( savage music :i* uses only drums1 tomtoms1 clapp]s & su* p]cussive in/rum5ts1 or us$ only ! simple/ int]vals l ! fall ( ! f\r? or ! rise ( ! fif?4 ,& 9 ecclesia/ical ,song1 all ?r\gh ! ,middle ,ages1 metrical regul>ity 0 n only n s\ght =--x 0 avoid$4 ,ev5 9 ! highly arti/ic song ( ! great *oral epo* :i* culm9at$ 9 ,pale/r9a !re 0 no rhy?m4 ,phraseology dep5d$ entirely on ! words4 ,compos]s avoid$ any?+ l an appe>ance ( ev5 sections1 9 %>p dem>cation1 balanc+ ea* o!r1 su* z we n[ dem&4 ,!y lik$ r to h _! melodies cross & int]lace l ! /r&s 9 a basket1 mak+ a texture solid b inorganic4 ,to !m coh]5ce 0 a matt] m]ely ( ! individual voices2 music held toge!r l a rope r ?an l a cry/al4 ,inde$1 any deep] h>monic unity 0 n feasible until !y _h ga9$ m exp]i5ce 9 tone relation%ip4 ,b ev5tually ! secul> compos]s ( ! la/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 among :om ,arcangelo ,corelli is a typical figure1 le>n$ to utilize bo? k9ds ( =m1 mak+ !m supplem5t & re9=ce ea* o!r 9 all sorts ( int]e/+ & unexpect$ ways4 ,) ,corelli1 pure music em]ges z an indep5d5t art1 beautiful z sculpture & promis+ new p[]s ( expression4 ,by 8 successors ?is new promise 0 realiz$ ) surpris+ rapidity4 ,con/antly gr[+ m indep5d5t ( extrane\s aids1 develop+1 ?anks to ! fruitful int]action ( metrical & h>monic gr\p+1 an unprec$5t$ ri*ness & v>iety1 music became 9 ! h&s ( ,ba* & ,bee?ov5 a /rong1 flexible & effici5t fabric1 adapt$ to all phases ( expression & capable ( =m+ ! mo/ complex & self-suffici5t /ructures4 ,evolv$ f ! crude ge/ures & cries ( nave feel+ by a nev]-ceas+1 ev]-wid5+ ex]tion ( man's intellig5ce1 absolute music has become 9 "s respects ! mo/ eloqu5t & p5etrative ( ! arts4 ,,iii ,=m 9 music1 h[ev]1 not)/&+ its orig9 z a means ( def9+ ^? emotional expressions :i* )\t x w\ld h rema9$ vague1 unimitable1 & immemorable1 is mu* m ?an a means ( def9ition4 ,at fir/ practic$ z a means to an end1 x soon became an end 9 itself4 ,= ! p]ception ( relations1 ! m5tal activity :i* gr\ps impressions1 is n m]ely useful2 x is pr(\ndly1 indescribably delightful4 ,call+ ! m9d into activity j z s5sation calls ! s5ses1 x is a f> deep] s\rce ( pleasure ?an s5sation c ev] be1 because ! m9d f> exce$s ! s5ses 9 ! subtlety1 v>iety & indep5d5ce ( its action4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! primitive musicians fir/ made _! syn!ses ( ge/ures & cries !y discov]$ a novel pleasure1 altoge!r m delici\s ?an ! crude joys ( s5sation & expression4 ,be=e !y made su* syn!ses !y _h m]ely enjoy$ ! sweetness ( tones1 & tak5 satisfaction 9 express+ _! feel+s2 b :5 once !y le>n$ to gr\p _! expressive tones toge!r1 to feel ! subtle bonds :i* b\nd !m into cle> & sali5t unity1 !n !y felt a joy altoge!r new & on a high] plane1 !y felt true /hetic delight4 ,"h 0 n m]ely a passive1 or at mo/ an automatic process2 "h 0 a truly creative activity1 a consci\s & free manipulation ( mat]ials4 ,m]e he>+1 h[ev] delici\s1 m]e expression1 h[ev] grateful1 c\ld n give ?is s5se ( ma/]y1 ( compreh5sion1 ( insight4 ,beauty alone1 beauty dep5d+ on consci\sly made comp>isons & contra/s1 c give ! highe/ /hetic delight1 ! delight 9 =m4 ,& s1 l pa9t]s :o1 us+ =m at fir/ to def9e _! mat]ial1 come quickly to a realization ( its inh]5t value1 & f9ally1 if !y be true arti/s1 value its pure beauties ( l9e & balance & composition m highly ?an any m]e ri*ness ( color or ( expression1 musicians1 9 ! degree ( _! true musician%ip1 came to prize ! intr9sic beauty ( music above all its o!r qualities4 ,sometimes1 d\btless1 !y c>ri$ _! devotion too f>4 ,9 c]ta9 p]iods & individuals ! love ( =mal beauty has entirely eclips$ pleasure 9 expression4 ,unable to att5d at once to expression & to beauty1 _m compos]s1 & 9 "s p]iods all1 h devot$ _! entire en]gy to ! que/ = =mal p]fection4 ,?us 9 ! "w ( ! ,ne!rl& ma/]s ( e>ly c\nt]po9t1 9 "s ( ,ba*'s +5i\s weav+s1 & 9 mu* ( ! music ( ,haydn & 8 contempor>ies1 ! se>* = purely pla/ic qualities goes on ) little ?\ght ( ! orig9al emotional burd5 ( ! mat]ial t is be+ =mulat$4 ,to su* m5 =m 0 mu* m ?an a means ( def9+ expression2 x 0 an end 9 itself1 & an end wor? a lifetime ( pa9/ak+1 devot$ ef=t4 ,& yet1 ju/ifiable z _! feel+ 01 indisp5sable z _! labors 7 to t developm5t )\t :i* ! expressive p[] ( music w\ld itself h rema9$ rudim5t>y1 x is n to _! view1 b to a m univ]sal "o1 t we mu/ look to f9d a r\nd$ !ory ( expression & =m4 ,if x be a mi/ake to neglect ! latt] = ! =m]1 z !y well saw1 x is equally a mi/ake to prize =m ) too exclusive an en?usiasm4 ,= beauty is itself "o ( ! mo/ pot5t means ( expression4 ,our m9ds are n made up ( h]metic comp>tm5ts1 b are s p]meable1 s conductive1 t an eloqu5t ?+ is made m eloqu5t by be+ also beautiful4 ,! impression ( beauty rev]b]ates endlessly1 int5sify+ all t is associat$ ) x4 ,! g5]al atmosph]e transfigures e feature4 ,if ! :ole is fair1 no detail w be entirely )\t its appeal to our k9dl$ imag9ations1 b if ! :ole is =mless1 no s+le phrase1 h[ev] impassion$1 c affect u v deeply4 ,! tru? is1 !n1 t =m & expression 9 music are z ess5tial to ea* o!r z objects & light 9 ! _w ( vision4 ,no radiance ( illum9ation w satisfy ! eye if !re is no?+ to see1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! lovelie/ ?+s w give little pleasure 9 ! d>k4 ,to be beautiful !y mu/ be suffus$ 9 light4 ,simil>ly ! phrases ( music1 to be truly mov+1 mu/ be suffus$ 9 beauty4 ,! greate/ ma/]s cle>ly realiz$ ?is4 ,ba* 9 8 ma/]pieces1 ,bee?ov5 ne>ly always1 & ,brahms 9 8 inspir$ h\rs1 act$ on ! pr9ciple t ! two elem5ts mu/ exi/ side by side1 subtly & pot5tly react+ ^u ea* o!r4 ,_! practice1 inde$1 unanim\sly confirms ! !ory ( musical effect :i* has n[ be5 briefly sket*$1 & :i* may be m briefly summ>iz$ be=e we pass on to d$uce f x "s g5]al canons ( appreciation & criticism4 ,music1 we h se51 orig9ates 9 ! spontane\s ge/ures & cries made by primitive man "u ! sway ( emotion1 imitat$ by obs]v]s1 & ar\s+ 9 !m ! same feel+s4 ,z intellig5ce dawns1 m5 see t ?is triple process ( spontane\s action1 imitation & r$uplicat$ feel+ af=ds a basis = a language ( emotion1 a language t ne$s1 h[ev]1 to be someh[ def9$ & articulat$4 ,articulation gradually foll[s by means ( ! gr\p+ 9 "t :i* develops ! ge/ures ( active feel+ into ,dance1 & ! gr\p+ 9 pit* :i* develops ! utt]ances ( contemplative feel+ into ,song4 ,ev5tually ! two modes ( gr\p+ are comb9$1 & music becomes an indep5d5t art4 ,mean:ile1 ! =ms at fir/ adopt$ = ! sake ( m]e def9ition become ! basis ( a new & deep] delight1 /hetic beauty1 :i* is s\ght = bo? z ancill>y to expression & = itself alone4 ,f9ally1 beauty ( =m reacts pot5tly on eloqu5ce ( expression1 & ! mo/ univ]sal compos]s1 recogniz+ ! int]dep5d5ce ( ! two elem5ts1 produce ! highe/ type ( pure music1 music 9 :i* beauty is bas$ ^u expression & expression transfigur$ by beauty4 ,,iv ,! pr9ciples we n[ h be=e u1 int]e/+ z !y are 9 !mselves1 mu/ f9ally v9dicate _! wor? by help+ u to =m s\nd op9ions ( musical t5d5cies & ( individual compos]s2 !y mu/ provide a corrective = ! :ims & freaks ( prejudice1 & a basis = t intellig5t & sy/ematic criticism :i* takes acc\nt bo? ( a man's qualities & ( 8 defects be=e assign+ him 8 place 9 ! g5]al arti/ic movem5t4 ,) !m 9 m9d1 we %\ld be able to avoid ! curr5t "o-sid$ & p>tial views1 & also to atta9 t positive insight into ! nature ( music :i* alone c give our op9ions sanity1 lib]ality & p]spective4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 x w be well to turn _! light on c]ta9 dang]\s half-tru?s1 :i*1 con/antly cropp+ up 9 musical op9ions1 are h>dly less mislead+ ?an complete fallacies4 ,! two mo/ p]si/5t & mis*iev\s ( su* half-tru?s are ^? :i* neglect "o aspect ( ! dual nature ( music1 :i* ignore expression or repudiate =m4 ,( ! fir/1 ! half-tru? s frequ5tly =mulat$ 9 ! phrase1 ,music is a k9d ( audible ma!matics1 x is n necess>y to say mu*4 ,^? dryly +5i\s p]sons :o rejoice 9 a fugue ( ,ba* mu* z !y enjoy an intricate problem 9 calculus1 fail+ to p]ceive ! w>m human he>t t animates ! skeleton1 =m a m9ority :i* gets little att5tion f ! mass ( music-lov]s4 ,! half-tru? :i* neglects expression w n1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 ev] ga9 a l>ge foll[+4 ,f> m dang]\s is ! opposite fallacy1 :i*1 repudiat+ =m1 ass]ts t expression is all1 t music is ! language ( ! emotions4 ,?is phrase1 )\t any qualifications1 is ! cre$ ( ! s5tim5tali/s4 ,_! ranks assemble all v>ieties ( rhapsodical1 ill-balanc$ temp]am5ts1 f ! "y girl :o dotes on ,wagn] to ! old lady ) curls :o ?9ks t music leads u up to ! high] life4 ,! s5tim5tali/s s91 p]haps1 n s mu* by commission z by omission4 ,s f> z !y are able !y appreciate music1 = !y feel x emotionally1 &1 z we h se51 half its reason = be+ is its appeal to ! emotions4 ,b !y fail to realize t x mu/ be beautiful z well z mov+1 t all its l9eam5ts ( expression mu/ be held 9 ord]ly relation ) a l>g] integral beauty ( =m4 ,!y fancy t =m1 :i* 9 reality enhances expression1 is someh[ at odds ) x1 t ! m9d & ! feel+s are natural enemies4 ,satisfi$ ) ?rills & tremors1 !y d n ask1 9 _! music1 = mean+ & ord]4 ,!y fancy t to li/5 he$fully1 att5tively1 analytically1 is someh[ to pull out ! petals ( art & /rew !m 9 ! du/4 ,analysis is a desecrat+ process4 ,y %\ld n focus y\r e>s1 make ! image cle>2 y %\ld swoon 9 a delici\s haze ( s5sation & sugge/ion4 ,b "o c analyze )\t dissect+2 "o c recognize t a fl[] has petals )\t pull+ !m out2 & inde$ x is h>d to imag9e any "o appreciat+ ! true lovel9ess ( a fl[]1 its =m$1 articulat$ beauty1 )\t su* recognition4 ,s 9 music1 ! true lov] ( melody w be 9 no dang] ( confus+ ,bee?ov5's ,hymn ( ,joy ) ,s*umann's ,w>um because ( ! trance ( nebul\s feel+ into :i* !y ?r[ him4 ,he w pay !m ! tribute ( li/5+ to !m att5tively1 ( not+ ! v>i\s *>ms ( _! phraseology & expression z he w\ld note ! diff]5ce ( met] & effect betwe5 a sonnet ( ,%akespe>e & a song ( ,burns4 ,music is n poor]1 b ri*]1 = its m>vel\s intricacies ( /ructure1 & ! s5tim5tality :i* hates cle> def9ition is n high s5tim5t1 b misconception or ins5sibility4 ,x is a sugge/ive fact1 h[ev]1 t ! s5tim5tal attitude is f\nd among u1 n only 9 music1 b ev]y:]e4 ,x is ! t5d5cy ( ! day to confuse acquir+ ) assimilat+1 to fancy t weal? ( exp]i5ce is bett] ?an self-ma/]y & intellig5t possession4 ,he$lessness is our besett+ s94 ,we skim books1 d picture gall]ies1 talk at ! op]a1 int]rupt 9 conv]sation1 & gobble our food4 ,metaphorically1 z well z actually1 we swall[ m ?an we c dige/1 imag9+ t if we only subject ourselves to en\gh impressions we %all become connoisseurs4 ,we value quantity r ?an quality1 9 ev]y?+ f bric--brac to education2 & x is q to be expect$ t we %\ld reckon ! value ( music by ! numb] ( %iv]s x c give u4 ,b we are nev]!less capable ( a wis] attitude4 ,we h x 9 u to le>n t feel+s are ( no use until !y are relat$ to ! c5tral p]sonality1 t impressibility is n yet dignity1 t to be in=m$ is n necess>ily to be educat$--t1 9 a ^w1 possession ( any sort is n an ext]nal fact1 b an inw>d control4 ,we may take a facile int]e/ 9 ! s5tim5tali/s & ! en?usia/s--! p ) temp]am5t--b at he>t we "k t ^? passions are deepe/ :i* are mo/ firmly dom9at$ by w1 t he is free/ :o obeys ! highe/ law1 & t temp]am5t is aft] all less vital ?an "*4 ,we really pref] organization to coruscation4 ,& s 9 music we are capable ( le>n+1 & k ( ! pr9ciples ( musical effect c help u to le>n1 t ! balance & proportion & symmetry ( ! :ole is f> m ess5tial ?an any poignancy1 h[ev] great1 9 ! p>ts4 ,he be/ appreciates music :o br+s to x all ( 8 human p[]s1 :o und]/&s x intellectually z well z feels x emotionally4 ,9 ^! & o!r ways ! pr9ciples ( musical effect af=d t\*/ones = ! detection ( preval5t b errone\s views--views :i* conta9 _! elem5t ( tru?1 b are /ill fallaci\s because p>tial4 ,b ! same pr9ciples are also capable ( yield+ m positive & detail$ insight into ! nature ( musical appreciation4 ,!y illum9ate1 = example1 t p]plex+ problem ( expression--:y x is t f ! same piece ( music "o p]son gets s mu* m ?an ano!r4 ,! fact is famili> to e "o4 ,e "o kn[s t ( two p]sons equally s5sitive to music on ! s5su\s & =mal side1 ( good e>1 & famili> ) ! effects ( h>mony1 melody & rhy?m1 "o w get f> deep] mean+s1 w be f> m elat$ & inspir$1 ?an ! o!r4 ,h[ c ?is be8 ,our !ory ( expression gives ! clew4 ,we h se5 t bodily /ates set up by imitation are ! basis ( musical emotions4 ,he>+ is always a sort ( ideal p]=m+4 ,9 li/5+ to a melody we always feebly contract our ?roat muscles z if to s+1 & ! p]ception ( rhy?m is always accompani$ by an incipi5t keep+ "t4 ,^! bodily acts1 h[ev] fa9tly realiz$1 set up _! appropriate feel+s1 ! feel+s we associate ) _! actual p]=mance4 ,b n[ x %\ld be not$ t ! ri*ness1 quality1 & significance ( ^! feel+s w dep5d 9 ! case ( ea* man on 8 p>ticul> associations--t is to say1 on 8 entire p]sonal "*4 ,evok$ by simil> bodily /ates1 ! m5tal emotions w be always z dissimil> z ! m5 :o feel !m4 ,we _c conceive1 says ,?oreau1 ( a great] diff]5ce ?an t betwe5 ! life ( "o man & t ( ano!r4 ,he might truly h add$ t we _c conceive ( a great] diff]5ce ?an t betwe5 ! feel+s ( "o man & ^? ( ano!r 9 he>+ ! same piece ( music1 :i* excites 9 bo? ! same tremors & ?rills1 b vi/as ( ?\ght h[ utt]ly unlike6 ,musical appreciation is ?us subject to ! same v>iations :i* make ! ord9>y exp]i5ces ( m5 s div]se4 ,! prophet on fire ) righte\s indignation & ! common scold und]go 9 ang] ! same suffusion ( blood1 ! same boil+ up ( ! organs2 yet h[ diff]5t 9 dignity & value are _! s5tim5ts6 ,& music1 by sett+ up a c]ta9 sympa!tic turmoil 9 ! organs1 w plunge "o man into a selfi% opium-dream & w fill ano!r ) ! r>e/1 mo/ magnanim\s aspirations4 ,x foll[s z a practical coroll>y t he :o w\ld get f music ! be/ x has to (f] mu/ cultivate ! be/ 9 himself4 ,no f9e s5sibility 9 him1 no l>ge h]oism1 no g5]osity or dignity or pr(undity ( "* w be )\t its quiet1 f>-rea*+ effect on 8 appreciation ( music4 ,if expression dep5ds ?us 9 "p ^u ! moral & temp]am5tal qualities ( ! li/5]1 =m 9 equal measure dep5ds ^u 8 m5tal al]tness4 ,=m1 says ,dr4 ,santayana1 does n appeal to ! inatt5tive2 !y get f objects only a vague s5sation :i* may 9 !m awak5 extr9sic associations2 !y d n /op to survey ! p>ts or to appreciate _! relation1 & consequ5tly are ins5sible to ! v>i\s *>ms ( v>i\s unifications2 !y c f9d 9 objects only ! value ( mat]ial or ( function1 n t ( =m4 ,?is is un=tunately ! case ) _m :o consid] !mselves musical2 !y enjoy sweetness ( s\nd & ! r vague emotion music ar\ses 9 !m1 b get no cle> s5se ( its deep] ar*itectural beauty4 ,l ,*>les ,lamb1 !y are s5tim5tally dispos$ to h>mony1 b organically incapable ( a tune4 ,b a ?or\ghgo+ love ( music1 z w be cle> en\gh by n[1 mu/ include an appreciation ( all its aspects2 & s9ce beauty ( =m is n only delightful 9 itself1 b is a pot5t means ( expression z well1 ins5sibility to x involves ! loss ( mu* ( :at is mo/ preci\s 9 music4 ,x is necess>y1 !n1 to tra9 ! att5tion1 to li/5 accurately z well z sympa!tically1 to grasp ! !matic phrases z !y occur1 to rememb] !m :5 !y recur1 & to foll[ !m ?r\gh all _! trans=mations4 ,we %\ld ?9k t man b slightly appreciative ( poetry :o1 aft] he>+ a play ( ,%akespe>e1 %\ld say t ! words seem$ to him melliflu\s & t _m passages mov$ him1 b t he _h n ! slighte/ idea :at x 0 all ab\t4 ,yet h[ _m ( u1 aft] he>+ a ,bee?ov5 symphony1 h ! slighte/ def9ite idea :at x is ab\t8 ,if we w\ld get m ?an transi5t1 pr(itless titillation f music1 we mu/ cultivate our att5tion1 le>n+1 to borr[ a phrase f optics1 to make ! image %>p4 ,z we progress 9 t faculty we %all con/antly see new beauties1 :i* 9 turn w con/antly react to deep5 expression2 & if we are s =tunate z to h also a nature s5sitive1 t5d]1 & e>ne/1 fitt$ to feel ! be/ k9d ( emotion t c be ar\s$ by s\nd1 we may hope to ga9 ev5tually an accurate1 intellig5t1 & deep appreciation ( music4 ,v ,x rema9s1 n[ t we h trac$ ! be>+ ( our g5]al pr9ciples on musical ta/e1 to po9t out briefly h[ !y af=d also crit]ia = judg+ compos]s !mselves1 & h[1 ?us judg$1 ! six compos]s we are to /udy fall into p]spective4 ,our pr9ciples1 9 a ^w1 w n[ enable u to supplem5t our lat] /udies ( ^! compos]s 9 isolation ) a some:at r\gh b /ill helpful s5se ( _! int]relation%ip4 ,we mu/ relate !m to ! g5]al evolution ( :i* !y are phases2 see h[ !y diff] 9 ! p[] to assimilate ! "w ( _! pr$ecessors1 to avail !mselves ( all ! res\rces1 expressive & =mal1 ( _! art1 & to develop new res\rces = ^? :o succe$ !m4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to insi/ on ! value ( "s su* basis ( comp>ison4 ,)\t x we %\ld be l a c]ta9 memb] ( a college geology class :o1 m ard5t ?an me?odical1 0 wont to inve/igate outcrops & mora9es ) great en?usiasm1 b 9 utt] ignorance ( ! po9ts ( ! compass4 ,to ?is scatt]-bra9$ "y man ! in/ructor us$ always to say1 ,ori5t y\rself fir/ ( all1 ,mr4 ,jones1 ori5t y\rself4 ,& s1 be=e exam9+ ! individual outcropp+s ( mod]n music1 we %all d well to ori5t ourselves 9 ! arti/ic l&scape4 ,( all ! compos]s ) :om we are to deal1 ,grieg & ,dvok are ! lea/ inclusive & ca?olic4 ,grieg1 z we %all see1 writes always 9 ! p]sonal ve91 is among musicians :at ,leigh ,hunt & ,*>les ,lamb are among writ]s4 ,he is intimate1 *>m+1 graceful1 b nev] epic or univ]sal4 ,he t\*es ! great /ream ( musical tradition at a few po9ts only1 & adds little to its volume4 ,he kn[s h[ to comb9e a few elem5ts ( effect ) f9esse1 b !re are limitations bo? 9 :at he has to say & 9 8 means ( say+ x4 ,he is famili> ) only "o dialect 9 ! language ( tones4 ,& if ,grieg is p]sonal1 ,dvok is at mo/ national4 ,he is too deep-dy$ a ,bohemian to be a complete citiz5 ( ! _w4 ,n only is 8 /yle curi\sly prov9cial1 ) its unev5 rhy?ms ( folk-song1 its /rong dance-l metrical s*emes1 & its florid color+1 b 8 sub/ance is too ornate & too sweet to be pr(\ndly significant4 ,he is a natural musician rais$ to ! n? p[]1 b he is n en\gh a s*ol> to relate himself v vitally ) ! g5]al gr[? ( 8 art4 ,bo? ( ^! m5 h contribut$ mu* t is novel & *>m+ to ! light] side ( music1 b !y are n ma/]s ( deep feel+ & wide scope4 ,camille ,sa9t-,sans & ,cs> ,franck illu/rate /rik+ly ano!r sort ( p>tiality1 a p>tiality (t5 met ) 9 a less noticeable degree4 ,ea* exemplifies only "o ( ^? contra/+ phases ( feel+ :i* we saw to und]lie ,dance & ,song1 & :i* 9 ! greate/ compos]s are comb9$4 ,sa9t-,sans' "w1 prim>ily expressive ( active feel+1 is /rongly metrical1 d]ives its *ief int]e/ & value f rhy?mic qualities2 ,franck's1 ! product ( a s+ul>ly contemplative & mona/ic nature1 is monoton\s 9 rhy?m1 b endlessly v>i\s 9 melodic & h>monic treatm5t4 ,9 ! biographical essays ! anti!sis w be br\ght out m 9 detail4 ,"h x is only necess>y to sugge/ t1 if ^! two ,fr5* compos]s are some:at wid] 9 scope ?an ,grieg or ,dvok1 _! curi\s limitations 9 temp]am5t prev5t !m f do+ all-inclusive & univ]sal "w4 ,) ,ts*ak[sky & ,brahms we come to m5 ( a l>g] calib]4 ,^! two1 diff]5t z !y are--! ,russian f9d+ 9 music prim>ily a means ( expression1 ! ,g]man valu+ m its pla/ic beauty--are1 nev]!less1 ! only two mod]ns :o c be said to c>ry on wor?ily ! tor* ( ,ba* & ,bee?ov54 ,bo? 7 m5 ( suffici5tly wide sympa?y & s*ol>%ip to approa* music ) ! utmo/ lib]ality1 to get into contact ) all its traditions & utilize all its te*nical res\rces4 ,!y write 9 t gr& /yle :i* draws its elem5ts f ! wide/ s\rces1 ! /yle n ( "o man nor ( "o nation1 b ( ! _w4 ,aga91 !y 7 m5 ( complex temp]am5t1 capable ( a great range ( feel+ bo? active & contemplative4 ,consequ5tly ! dance impulse & ! song impulse are equally op]ative 9 _! "w1 :i* has a ri*ness & v>iety to be f\nd 9 ,ba* & ,bee?ov51 b n 9 ,sa9t-,sans or ,franck4 ,& ?\gh !y 7 m5 ( ! deepe/ emotion1 !y _h also ! intellectual control ov] _! "w t made x n only expressive b beautiful4 ,9 a ^w1 ! range ( _! le>n+1 ! _m-sid$ness ( _! temp]am5ts1 _! emotional pr(undity & _! intellectual p[]1 all conspir$ to make !m ! greate/ musicians ( _! "t4 ,yet ev5 betwe5 ^! two great m5 x is possible1 ) ! aid ( our pr9ciples1 to make a di/9ction4 ,we h se5 t =m is n only a means ( def9+ utt]ance1 b t x is fur!rmore ! s\rce ( /hetic delight1 &1 ?r\gh ! rev]b]ation ( t1 ( an imm5se re9=cem5t to expression2 & we h accord+ly conclud$ t 9 no case mu/ =m be sacrific$ to any o!r factor ( effect :atsoev]4 ,to sacrifice =m1 9 music1 :atev] may seem at fir/ sight ! ju/ification1 is 9 ! long run to sacrifice ! great] = ! less4 ,n[ ,ts*ak[sky1 l$ away by ! impetuosity ( 8 feel+1 is (t5 guilty ( su* a sacrifice4 ,he ga9s = ! mom5t2 he ga9s a compell+ eloqu5ce1 ! mo/ excit+ effects1 ! wilde/ & mo/ ?rill+ crises4 ,b 9 ! long run he loses4 ,ev5tually "o tires ( ! crises1 "o is left cold1 & !n ! wayw>dness1 ! incoh]5ce1 ! lack ( cle> ord] & symmetry1 are felt z weaknesses4 ,too _m ( ,ts*ak[sky's pieces are bett] at a fir/ he>+ ?an at a fif?4 ,) ,brahms x is o!rwise4 ,all 8 emotion1 deep1 t5d] & noble z x is1 is controll$ by ! firm w & ! %ap+ h& ( ! supreme arti/4 ,h[ev] mov+ 8 music may be1 x is ev5 m beautiful4 ,8 faculties1 :e!r by good =tune or m]it1 are m p]fectly adju/$ ?an ^? ( any o!r mod]n compos]4 ,he is ! mo/ pr(\nd1 ! mo/ simple1 ! mo/ compreh5sive ( mod]ns1 z becomes obvi\s :5 we te/ 8 "w by ! pr9ciples we h laid d[n4 ,o!rs exemplify !m p>tially1 he mo/ entirely2 o!rs are great 9 "s or sev]al effects1 he is r\nd$ly great4 ,he allies himself ) all t 0 done 9 music be=e him1 & contributes indisp5sable elem5ts to :at w be done 9 x h]eaft]4 ,& s1 if we arrange our six compos]s 9 a s]ies1 det]m9+ ! importance ( ea* by means ( ! univ]sal & imp]sonal pr9ciples ( art1 we mu/ pass f ,grieg to ,brahms4 ,,ii ,,edv>d ,,grieg ,illu/ration3 ,,edv>d ,,grieg ,,ii ,,edv>d ,,grieg ,to ! musical amateur no contempor>y compos] is bett] kn[n ?an ,grieg4 ,e s*ool-girl plays 8 piano pieces1 "y viol9i/s /udy 8 delightfully melodi\s sonatas1 & few conc]t pieces are m widely lov$ ?an ! ,pe] ,gynt ,suite4 ,yet f pr(essional musicians ,grieg does n meet ) su* favor4 ,_m speak ( him patroniz+ly1 "s scornfully4 ,grieg8 !y say4 ,oh1 yes1 v *>m+1 b-- & ! s5t5ce ends ) a %rug4 ,! reason = ?is discrepancy ( e/imate seems to be t ! layman1 fasc9at$ by ,grieg's lovely melodies1 unusual & piquant h>monic treatm5t1 & contagi\s rhy?m1 looks = no fur!r quality2 b ! musician1 unconsci\sly ref]r+ all music to a /&>d bas$ on works ( great] solidity1 great] bread? & =ce & passion z well z wid] le>n+ & sup]ior skill1 is too consci\s ( ! %ortcom+s ( ?is ,norwegian m9/relsy to d ju/ice to its qualities4 ,x is1 ( a tru?1 music 9 :i* m]it & fail+ are curi\sly m+l$2 its delicate beauty is unique1 its limitation extreme4 ,x is z fair z a fl[]1 & z fragile4 ,x is1 9 %ort1 ! efflu5ce ( a p]sonality graceful )\t /r5g?1 romantic )\t ! s5se ( trag$y1 highly gift$ ) all g5tle qualities ( nature1 b lack+ 9 ! m virile p[]s1 9 broad vision1 epic magnanimity1 & massive =ce4 ,( ?is p]sonality1 z x appe>s 9 ! fle%1 we get an int]e/+ glimpse 9 ,ts*ak[sky's ,di>y4,b ,dur+ ! rehe>sal ( ,brahms's new trio1 writes ,ts*ak[sky1 z ,i 0 tak+ ! lib]ty ( mak+ "s rem>ks z to ! skill & execution ( ! relative tempo #b-c--rem>ks :i* 7 v good-natur$ly receiv$ by ! compos]--!re ent]$ ! room a v %ort1 middle-ag$ man1 exce$+ly fragile 9 appe>ance1 ) %\ld]s ( unequal height1 fair hair bru%$ back f 8 =ehead1 & a v slight1 almo/ boyi% be>d & mu/a*e4 ,!re 0 no?+ v /rik+ ab\t ! features ( ?is man1 ^: ext]ior at once attract$ my sympa?y1 = x w\ld be impossible to call !m h&some or regul>2 b he _h an uncommon *>m1 & blue eyes1 n v l>ge1 b irresi/ibly fasc9at+1 recall+ ! glance ( a *>m+ & c&id *ild4 ,i rejoic$ 9 ! dep?s ( my he>t :5 we 7 introduc$ to ea* o!r1 & x turn$ out t ?is p]sonality :i* 0 s inexplicably sympa!tic to me belong$ to a musician ^: w>mly emotional music _h long ago won my he>t4 ,he prov$ to be ! ,norwegian compos]1 ,edv>d ,grieg4 ,?is 0 9 #ahhh1 :5 ,grieg 0 =ty-five4 ,we may comp>e ) x ano!r description1 made a ye> lat] by a ,fr5*man1 ,m4 ,erne/ ,closson1 :5 ,grieg 0 play+ & conduct+ 8 works 9 ,p>is4 ,grieg is small1 ?91 & n>r[-%\ld]$1 writes ,m4 ,closson4,c ,8 body1 :i* is l a *ild's1 is always 9 motion--! movem5ts %ort1 lively1 s+ul>ly j]ky & angul>1 ea* /ep %ak+ ! :ole body & hit*+ ! %\ld] z if he limp$2 a 'bundle ( n]ves' paquet des n]fs1 to use a doctor's phrase ( picturesque en]gy4 ,! head1 :i* looks massive on s small a body1 is intellig5t & v h&some1 ) long grayi% hair ?r[n back1 ?9 face1 smoo?-%av5 *91 %ort1 ?ick mu/a*e1 small b full nose1 & eyes6--eyes sup]b1 gre51 gray1 9 :i* "o c fancy "o cat*es a glimpse ( ,norway1 ) its melan*oly fjords & its lum9\s mi/s4 ,8 gaze is s]i\s1 wond]fully s(t1 ) a peculi> expression1 at once worn1 t5tative1 & *ildi%ly nave4 ,! entire effect is ( k9dness1 g5tl5ess1 c&or1 a s9c]e mode/y4 ,x is ?us obvi\s t ,grieg is ( ! n]v\s1 s5sitive temp]am5t1 ! temp]am5t ( ,keats & ,/ev5son1 quick & ard5t 9 feel+1 & 9 art notable = subjective1 intimate "w r ?an = ! wide objective po9t ( view4 ,grieg's music is ( value1 inde$1 j because x is ! arti/ic expression ( delicate p]sonal feel+4 ,we %all f9d t 8 :ole developm5t t5d$ t[>d a s+ul>ly individual1 or at mo/ national1 utt]ance2 t 8 ef=ts t[>d a complex] or m univ]sal /yle1 su* z 9 poetry we call epic1 7 unsuccessful2 & t 8 real & inimitable a*ievem5t is all 9 ! doma9 ( ! pure lyric4 ,edv>d ,grieg 0 born 9 ,b]g51 ,norway1 9 #ahdc4 ,at an e>ly age he %[$ musical tal5t1 />t+ 9 to le>n ! piano & !ory at six1 "u 8 "m's direction4 ,ges9e ,grieg1 born ,hag]up1 desc5d5t f a =ceful ,norwegian family :i* _h produc$ "s fam\s m51 0 a woman ( musical & poetic in/9ct & ( /rong "*4 ,%e _h /udi$ music 9 ,hamburg & 9 ,london1 & giv5 "s conc]ts & _m soires 9 ,b]g54 ,9 a ^w1 h] son c\ld n h f\nd a bett] guide 9 8 fir/ /udies4 ,at n9e ,grieg surpris$ 8 s*ool-tea*] by submitt+ 9 place ( a lit]>y composition a set ( orig9al v>iations on a ,g]man melody1 a sub/itution :i* 0 n k9dly receiv$4 ,he 0 told to /op su* nons5se4 ,! arti/ic temp]am5t reveal$ itself also 9 great s5sitiv5ess to ! beauty ( ! somb] ,nor!rn l&scape1 & at fifte5 ,grieg wi%$ to become a pa9t]4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 8 musical ability 0 recogniz$ by ! fam\s viol9i/ ,ole ,bull1 at ^: sugge/ion 8 p>5ts decid$ to s5d him to ! ,leipsic ,cons]vatory1 :i!r he travel$ 9 #aheh4 ,"h aga9 ! romanticism ( ! boy %[$ itself 9 8 fretfulness "u ! /rict rgime ( 8 ma/]s1 ,hauptmann1 ,ri*t]1 ,rietz1 ,re9ecke1 & ,mos*eles1 & 9 8 passionate devotion to ! works ( ,s*umann & ,*op91 :o 7 !n look$ ^u 9 academic circles z some:at dang]\s revolution>ies4 ,except = a vacation ( "s mon?s at home1 necessitat$ by ! pulmon>y tr\ble :i* has ev] s9ce weak5$ ,grieg's heal?1 he sp5t f\r ye>s 9 ! ,cons]vatory1 be+ graduat$ 9 #ahfb4 ,9 8 e>lie/ compositions1 produc$ at ?is p]iod1 ! traits t aft]w>ds di/+ui%$ him are r hamp]$ by academic influ5ces & unc]ta9ty ( int5tion4 ,! f\r ,pieces1 opus #a1 by no means devoid ( 8 peculi> flavor1 are yet t5tative 9 /yle & rem9isc5t ( old] ma/]s1 p>ticul>ly ,*op9 & ,m5delssohn4 ,( ! ,poetic ,tone-pictures1 opus #c1 ! second & f\r? are ! well-e/abli%$ type ( graceful salon piece4 ,numb] f\r1 inde$1 might almo/ be a /ray$ leaf f t g5tle b hackney$ "w :i* "s mod]n cynic has call$ ! ,songs )\t ,music4 ,yet ! v next piece is full-fl$g$ ,grieg4 ,"h is ! %ort f\r-measure phrase1 transpos$ a ?ird & repeat$1 "h ! desc5d+ *romatic h>monizations1 "h ! rauc\s fif?s z ( peasant play]s1 t we %all pres5tly le>n to look = among ! hall-m>ks ( 8 writ+s4 ,b m important ?an any su* te*nical details is ! g5]al animation1 produc+ tr5*ant rhy?m1 graceful melody1 & w>m h>mony1 t always sp>kles 9 ,grieg's be/ "w4 ,9 ! ,poetic ,tone-pictures he is already himself1 ?\gh n 8 mature self4 ,be+ at graduation some:at bewild]$ & unc]ta9 z to 8 future c\rse1 ,grieg turn$ 8 /eps 9 #ahfc to ! ,dani% capital1 ! home ( a great man :om he idoliz$4 ,"o day1 he writes 9 an autobiographical fragm5t1 ,i _h gone out ) my fri5d ,mat?ison-,hans5 to ,klamp5borg4 ,sudd5ly he nudg$ my arm4 ',:at is x8' ,i said4 ',d y see t little man ) ! l>ge gray hat8' ',i see him4' ',d y "k :o x is8' said he4 ',i hav5't ! lea/ idea4' ',t's ,gade1' he said4 ',%all ,i introduce y8' ,& )\t wait+ = my reply he took me up to ! ,pr(essor1 ) ! curt ann\ncem5t3 ',pr(essor1 a ,norwegian fri5d ( m9e--a good musician4' ',is x ,nordraak8' ask$ ,gade4 ',no1 x is ,grieg1' answ]$ ,mat?ison-,hans54 ',oh1 t's :o x is1' said ,gade1 scann+ my insignificant & humble self f head to foot ) a se>*+ glance1 :ile ,i /ood1 n )\t awe1 face to face ) ! man ^: works ,i treasur$ s highly4 ',h y some?+ to %[ me8' ',no1' ,i answ]$4 ,= ! ?+s ,i _h f9i%$ didn't seem good en\gh4 ',!n g home & write a symphony1' recomm5d$ ,gade4 ,x is indicative ( ! grop+ /age at :i* ,grieg's g5ius /ill paus$ t he actually tri$ to write a symphony1 two movem5ts ( :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! ,symphonic ,pieces1 opus #ad--;,grieg1 ^: tal5t 0 symphonic 9 ab\t ! degree t ,brahms's 0 op]atic4 ,contact ) ! fri5dly little man 9 ! l>ge gray hat1 :o has be5 dubb$ ! ,dani% ,m5delssohn1 0 d\btless a /imulus to ! "y ,grieg2 b o!r & m radical influ5ces 7 ne$$ to awak5 8 p]sonality & br+ him to 8 own4 ,su* influ5ces1 h[ev]1 he actually f\nd 9 ,cop5hag54 ,! ,nordraak = :om ,gade _h at fir/ tak5 him1 a f]v5tly patriotic ,norwegian ( magnetic p]sonality1 acqua9t$ him ) ,norwegian folk-songs & fir$ him ) an ambition to f\nd on !m a f9i%$ art4 ,meet+ 9 solemn conclave1 ) all ! self-importance ( y\?1 ^! two en?usia/s took ! oa? ( musical allegiance to _! fa!rl&4 ,x 0 z ?\gh scales fell f my eyes1 writes ,grieg2 = ! fir/ "t ,i le>n$ 444 to und]/& my own nature4 ,we abjur$ ! ,gade-,m5delssohn insipid & dilut$ ,sc&9avianism1 & b\nd ourselves ) en?usiasm to ! new pa? :i* ! nor!rn s*ool is n[ foll[+4 ,nor did _! zeal conf9e itself to composition4 ,9 #ahfd !y f\nd$1 ) _! ,dani% fri5ds ,horneman & ,mat?ison-,hans51 ! ,eut]pe ,musical ,society1 = ! p]=mance ( ,sc&9avian works4 ,?is in/itution1 :i* mu/ h react$ /imulat+ly on _! composition1 !y support$ en]getically up to ,grieg's dep>ture 9 #ahff = ,*ri/iania4 ,f9ally1 x 0 9 ^! ye>s ( 8 fre%e/ vigor1 9 :i* he 0 consci\s bo? ( inn] p[] & ( out] opportunities1 t ,grieg met ! lady1 ,miss ,n9a ,hag]up1 8 c\s91 :o became 9 "t 8 wife4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at t no p]iod 9 8 life 0 s fruitful z ?is4 ,8 mo/ *>act]i/ic works1 accord+ly1 7 compos$ betwe5 8 graduation f ! cons]vatory & ! e>ly sev5ties--betwe5 8 tw5tie? & 8 ?irtie? ye>s4 ,!re are ! two inimitable ,sonatas = ,viol9 & ,piano1 opus #h & #ac2 ! ,piano ,sonata1 opus #g2 ! incid5tal music to ,ibs5's ,pe] ,gynt2 "s ( ! mo/ *>m+ ( ! ,lyric ,pieces = piano & ( ! ,songs1 & ! ,piano ,conc]to1 opus #af2 ! be/ "p1 c]ta9ly1 ( 8 entire musical product4 ,x 7 a hopeless z well z useless task to describe 9 words ! qualities ( ^! compositions4 ,:at %all "o say 9 words ( ! flavor ( an orange8 ,x is sweet8 ,yes4 ,& acid8 ,yes1 a little4 ,& x has a delicate aroma1 & is juicy & cool4 ,b h[ mu* idea ( an orange has "o convey$ !n8 ,& simil>ly ) ?is indescribably delicate music ( ,grieg2 !re is little t c be p]t95tly or s]viceably said ( x4 ,"o may po9t out1 h[ev]1 its p]si/5tly lyrical "*4 ,x is l ! poetry ( ,mr4 ,h5ley 9 its exclusive conc]n ) moods1 ) p]sonal emotions ( ! subtle/1 mo/ elusive sort4 ,x is intimate1 sugge/ive1 intangible4 ,x voices ! g5tle/ feel+s ( ! he>t1 or summons up ! airie/ visions ( ! imag9ation4 ,x is :imsical1 too1 *anges its hues l ! *ameleon1 & (t5 surprises u ) a sudd5 flight to "s unexpect$ %ade ( expression4 ,aga91 its f9esse is /rik+4 ,! phrases are poli%$ l gems1 ! melodies *>m u ) _! p]fect proportions1 ! cad5ces are z consummate z !y are novel4 ,!n1 aga91 ! rhy?m is mo/ delightfully frank & /raight=w>d2 !re is no maund]+ or unc]ta9ty1 b always a vigor\s danc+ progress1 z c&id z *ildhood4 ,x is h>d to keep "o's feet /ill ?r\gh "s ( ! ,norwegian ,dances4 ,& ?\gh 9 ! ,lyric ,pieces rhy?m is idealiz$1 x is always def9ite & cle>1 s t !y are at ! opposite pole f all t =mless s5tim5tality :i* ab&ons acc5t 9 ord] to wail4 ,aga91 we mu/ notice ! curi\s exotic flavor ( ?is music1 a flavor n ,ori5tal b nor!rn1 a half-wild1 half-t5d] pa?os1 outl&i% a little1 b n turgid--on ! contr>y1 p]fectly pellucid4 ,an example is a little waltz t figures z numb] two ( ! ,lyric ,pieces1 opus #ab4 ,grieg's music1 !n1 is lyrical1 intimate1 %apely1 & exotic1 if su* words mean any?+--yes1 j z ! orange is sweet1 acid1 & aromatic4 ,"o :o w\ld feel ! quality ( ^! works mu/ he> !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,grieg is nev] l>ge or h]oic2 he nev] we>s ! busk94 ,he has nei!r ! dep? ( passion nor ! intellectual grasp ne$$ to make music 9 ! gr& /yle4 ,probably ( all 8 peculi>ities ! mo/ significant is ! %ortness ( 8 phrases & 8 mann] ( repeat+ !m almo/ lit]ally1 displac$ a little 9 pit*1 b n o!rwise alt]$4 ,almo/ all 8 music c be cut up into segm5ts two or f\r measures long1 ea* segm5t complete 9 itself1 an entire musical ?\ght4 ,if ! read] w exam9e ! little ,waltz j m5tion$1 = example1 he w see t x is con/ruct$ z foll[s3 aft] two introductory measures a phrase ( melody is ann\nc$1 f\r measures 9 l5g?2 ?is is imm$iately repeat$1 at ! same pit* b slightly v>i$ 9 rhy?m2 !n ent]s ano!r phrase1 two measures long1 :i* is repeat$ lit]ally a ?ird l[]2 its latt] half is twice e*o$1 & !re is a two-measure cad5ce4 ,all is !n repeat$4 ,! middle "p ( ! piece1 9 ,a major1 is built 9 mu* ! same way2 aft] x ! fir/ "p is giv5 once m1 & !re is a %ort coda4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is *>m+ piece1 9 a ^w1 is v l t ( ! passages f prim]s t are famili> to u all3 ,is ?is a boy8 ,?is is a boy4 ,has ! boy a dog8 ,! boy has a dog4 ,?is is ! dog ( ! boy4 ,& ,grieg's coda adds m$itatively1 ,( ! boy 444 ! boy 444 boy4 ,8 ?\ghts complete !mselves quickly2 !y h little span1 & !y are comb9$1 n by int]fusion1 b by juxtaposition4 ,he nev] weaves a tape/ry2 he assembles a mosaic4 ,we h only to comp>e 8 music ) t ( "s great ma/]1 ( wide scope & l>ge syn!tic p[]1 l ,brahms or ,bee?ov51 to feel precisely 9 :at s5se he is lyrical r ?an h]oic1 *>m+ r ?an elevat$1 sugge/ive r ?an in=mative4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ) 8 waltz1 ! waltz ( ,brahms1 numb] eight 9 opus #ci4 ,"h !re is a su/a9$ flight ( twelve measures1 ! tune pois+ & so>+ z x 7 on a ris+ or fall+ breeze1 or l a kite t n[ dips & n[ is up aga91 b nev] t\*es ! e>?4 ,x is int]e/+ to play ! two waltzes "o aft] ! o!r1 not+ ! diff]5ce 9 effect betwe5 ! precise1 da9ty1 clipp$ phrases ( ! "o & ! broad-spann$ ar* ( melody ( ! o!r4 ,su* contra/s are at ! basis ( all significant discrim9ations ( musical =m4 ,h[ mu* ! %ort brea? ( ,grieg is due to ! nature ( 8 !matic mat]ial is a difficult "q to answ]4 ,folk-tunes1 x is c]ta91 are simple 9 /ructure1 compos$ ( %ort phrases express+ ! nave emotions ( *ildlike m9ds4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _h !y n fulfill$ ,grieg's p]sonal ne$s1 supply+ ! sort ( atmosph]e he 0 meant to brea! 91 he c\ld nev] h assimilat$ !m z he has done4 ,p]haps a true acc\nt ( ! matt] is t 8 nature is ( su* unusual simplicity & +5u\sness z to f9d 9 folk-melodies its natural utt]ance1 & to feel 9 _! primitive phrase-/ructure no limitation4 ,intellectually1 ! man is n m mature ?an ! p4 ,f :atev] s\rces he might draw 8 g]m9al ideas1 he w\ld nev] comb9e !m 9 complex] =ms or l>g] patt]ns ?an he has f\nd ready-made to 8 h& 9 ! national song4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 9 ,norwegian music peculi>ities ( a diff]5t sort t we c h>dly conceive z prov+ o!r ?an h9drances 9 ! =mation ( a :olesomely eclectic /yle--peculi>ities :i* are all pres5t full-fl$g$ 9 s e>ly a "w ( ,grieg z ! ,piano ,conc]to1 opus #af1 writt5 9 #ahfh4 ,at ! v outset1 9 ! desc5d+ octave passage1 !re are two melodic tricks t recur ev]y:]e 9 ,grieg--! fall f ! sev5? ( ! scale to ! fif?1 & f ! ?ird to ! tonic4 ,bo? progressions1 anomal\s 9 classic music1 are prom95t features ( ! ,nor!rn folk-tunes4 ,!n1 9 ! fir/ !me1 assign$ to ! or*e/ra1 !re are to be notic$1 besides ^! melodic /eps1 ! bodily displacem5t ( ! phrase already describ$1 c>ry+ x f ,a m9or into ,c major4 ,9 ! second !me1 z well z 9 ! cantabile piano passage t prep>es ! way = x1 !re is a rhy?mic device *>act]i/ic ( ,grieg--! mix+ 9 "o measure ( ?ree notes to ! beat ) two notes to ! beat1 ( :i* ! prototype is to be f\nd 9 ! ,spr+tanz ( ,norwegian peasants4 ,"h also is ! weak cad5ce1 t is to say1 ! cad5ce ) tonic *ord com+ on an unacc5t$ beat4 ,s mu* = melodic & rhy?mic peculi>ities2 z a h>moni/ ,grieg has me?ods equally p]si/5t4 ,8 love ( b>e fif?s1 reit]at$ 9 ! bass ) boori% vigor1 & 8 mann] ( h>moniz+ ) desc5d+ *romatic six?s or ?irds1 bo? ( :i* we rem>k$ 9 opus #c1 are illu/rat$ 9 ?is ,conc]to2 ! fir/ 9 ! conclusion-!me ( ! fir/ movem5t1 & ! second 9 measures f\rte5 to sixte5 ( ! beautiful ,adagio4 ,f9ally1 he is devot$ to ! second>y sev5?s1 especially 9 h>% & d>+ sequ5ce su* z make up mo/ ( ! ,norwegian ,m>*1 opus #ed1 ,no4 #b4 ,mann]isms l ^! ,grieg has1 on ! :ole1 9 f> l>g] measure ?an mo/ compos]s4 ,on almo/ any ( 8 pages ! /ud5t w h no difficulty 9 f9d+ = himself in/ances ( "o or m ( ^! mann]isms4 ,n[1 s _m little tricks & idiosyncrasies1 h[ev] piquant 9 ! "w ( a beg9n]1 c\ld h>dly escape becom+1 z "t w5t on1 an incubus to ev5 ! mo/ vigor\s imag9ation4 ,no?+ m5aces ?\ght m ?an affectations & :imsicalities ( /yle4 ,& ev5 9 ! m]idian ( ,grieg's activity1 :5 he 0 *>m+ a /aid _w ) ! fre% beauties ( ! ,piano ,sonata & ! two e>ly ,viol9 ,sonatas1 !re 7 n want+ critics :o disc]n$ 8 dang] & =esaw t he mu/ ei!r broad5 8 me?ods or det]iorate4 ,ov] tw5ty ye>s ago ! foll[+ words 7 writt5 9 an ,engli% magaz9e by ,fr$]ick ,niecks3 ,my fe> 9 ! case ( ,grieg always 0 t 8 love ( ,norwegian idioms w\ld t5d to n>r[1 mat]ialize1 & make %all[ 8 conceptions1 & prev5t him f =m+ a /yle by impos+ on him a mann]4 ,subsequ5t ev5ts h prov$ t ?is fe> 0 b too well f\nd$4 ,al?\gh1 dur+ ! ye>s at ,cop5hag51 & ! eight ye>s1 f #ahff to #ahgd1 t ,grieg liv$ 9 ,*ri/iania tea*+ & conduct+1 he cont9u$ to d excell5t "w1 he seems to h ev5 !n rea*$ ! acme ( 8 p[]s1 & !nce=w>d to h imp]ceptibly decl9$4 ,x is r a melan*oly fact t :51 9 #ahgd1 receiv+ a p5sion ( sixte5 hundr$ cr[ns f ! ,gov]nm5t1 :i* enabl$ him to resign ! conductor%ip ( ! ,musical ,union ( ,*ri/iania1 he began to devote himself almo/ entirely to composition1 8 m5tal vivacity 0 wan+ & 8 lovely lyrical utt]ance 0 beg9n+ to be smo!r$ "u mann]isms4 ,f ?is "t on he advanc$ m by famili>iz+ ! _w ) 8 e>li] compositions ?an by add+ to !m any?+ p>ticul>ly novel or preci\s4 ,he travel$ 9 ,g]many1 ,holl& & ,d5m>k1 gave conc]ts 9 ,engl& 9 #ahhh1 & visit$ ,france a ye> lat]1 play+ & conduct+ 8 works at ,p>is4 ,= ! re/1 he retir$ to 8 picturesque villa1 ,troldhang51 t5 miles f ,b]g51 :]e he lives a peaceful & seclud$ c\ntry life4 ,x is n difficult to see :y ,grieg's lat] works %\ld decl9e r ?an advance4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 8 int]e/ _h be5 f ! fir/ conc5trat$ on p]sonal expression4 ,8 impulse 0 individual1 n univ]sal4 ,he nev] s\ght to wid5 or deep5 ! =ms ( musical beauty1 to ext5d ! range ( res\rces at ! comm& ( musicians2 he m]ely us$ :at he f\nd ready-made to voice 8 own poetic feel+4 ,9 ?is he succe$$ admirably4 ,9 ! second place1 *>m$ by ! exotic quality ( ,norwegian music1 a quality t he f\nd also 9 8 own nature1 he adopt$ ! native idiom ) eag]ness1 & sp5t ! ye>s mo/ compos]s devote to le>n+ ! musical language 9 acquir+--a dialect4 ,?irdly1 8 m9d 0 ( ! type :i* c>es mu* = beauty ( ornam5t--ev5 m1 p]haps1 ?an = a highly wr\ght h>mony ( l9e & =m4 ,x 0 ! inevitable result ( ^! ?ree circum/ances t1 fir/1 he %\ld rea* 8 highe/ activity 9 e>ly y\?1 :5 romantic feel+ is at its acme & ?\ght habitually subjective1 & !reaft] decl9e2 second1 t ! dialect :i* at fir/ 0 s *>m+1 ) its unfamili> words & its bewit*+ acc5t1 %\ld ev5tually reveal its paucity & its prov9cialism2 & f9ally1 t a m9d naturally fond ( ri* detail1 neglectful ( l>ge %apel9ess1 %\ld h rec\rse1 9 ! ebb ( inn] impulse1 to transcription1 p>aphrase1 & all ! o!r devices = secur+ sup]ficial ornam5t & luxury ( effect4 ,) opus #da ,grieg began transcrib+ 8 own songs = ! piano1 dress+ up ! simple melodies 9 all sorts ( arpeggios1 curi\s h>monies1 & o!r musical decorations2 & betwe5 8 fiftie? & sev5tie? opus-numb]s !re is little b repres5tation ( ,norwegian tunes1 n[ 9 "o guise & n[ 9 ano!r1 b seldom inde$ ) any ( ! old novel *>m4 7,a trace ( x !re is1 p]haps1 9 opus #fb1 ,no4 #b1 & aga9 9 opus #hj1 ,no4 #d47 ,! extraord9>y pyrote*nical display t ! transcription1 opus #da1 ,no4 #e1 makes out ( s simple a song z ,! ,pr9cess is br&$ by ,m4 ,closson z un crime de lse-art4 ,& to "o :o has felt ! magic ( ! ,kuhreig51 opus #ag1 ,no4 #bb1 x is sadd5+ to turn to ! same melody z x appe>s 9 opus #fc1 ,no4 #b1 ) all its maid5 grace bru%$ & lac$ & furbel[$ into an la mode elegance & vacuity4 ,?us ,grieg has n1 l ! m cosmopolitan1 objective1 & univ]sal compos]s1 advanc$ 9 8 "w up to ! v end4 ,z ye>s h progress$1 ! accid5tal 9 x1 ! iness5tial1 has become m prom95t1 has t5d$ to obscure :at is vital & beautiful4 ,z ! _s wan$1 ! lett] has become m rigidly insi/5t4 ,idiosyncrasy has supplant$ orig9ality4 ,to f9d ! true ,grieg1 supple1 spontane\s1 & unaffect$1 we mu/ g back to ! e>ly works4 ,:5 all is said1 h[ev]1 ,grieg has 9 ^! e>ly works made a contribution to music :i* our s5se ( 8 lat] %ortcom+s mu/ n make u =get4 ,8 ,piano ,sonata & 8 ,viol9 ,sonatas supply *amb]-music ) a note ( pure lyric en?usiasm1 ( fre% un?9k+ animation1 n else:]e to be f\nd4 ,8 ,pe] ,gynt ,suite fills a simil> place among or*e/ral works4 ,8 be/ piano pieces1 &1 above all1 8 lovely & too little kn[n songs1 are unique 9 _! delicate voic+ ( ! t5d]e/1 mo/ elusive p]sonal feel+1 z well z 9 _! consummate f9esse ( workman%ip4 ,x is a ,lilliputian _w1 if y w1 b a fair "o4 ,t art ( ! future :i* ,grieg pr$icts 9 8 essay on ,moz>t1 :i* w unite l9es & colors 9 m>riage1 & %[ t x has its roots 9 all ! pa/1 t x draws su/5ance f old z well z f new ma/]s1 w ackn[l$ge 9 ,grieg himself ! s\rce ( "o indisp5sable elem5t--! elem5t ( nave & spontane\s romance4 ,,bibliographical ,,note4--,grieg has _h ! good s5se to publi% almo/ all ( 8 works 9 ! inexp5sive & excell5t ,pet]s ,edition4 ,! amateur w wi% to acqua9t himself fir/ ( all ) "s su* repres5tative pieces z ! foll[+3 ,piano-pieces--,poetic tone-pictures1 op4 #c1 ,humoreskes1 op4 #f1 ,sonata1 op4 #g1 ,nor!rn ,dances1 op4 #ag1 ,albumblatt]1 op4 #bh1 & ! ,lyric ,pieces1 op4 #ab1 #ch1 #dc1 & #dg 7op4 #ed1 #eg1 #fb1 #fe1 & #fh are inf]ior74 ,f\r h& arrangem5ts--,elegiac ,melodies1 op4 #cd1 ,norwegian ,dances1 op4 #ce1 & ! fir/ ,pe] ,gynt ,suite1 op4 #dj4 ,*amb]-music--! ?ree ,sonatas = ,viol9 & ,piano & ! ',cello ,sonata1 op4 #cf4 ,( ! songs1 sixty are pr9t$ 9 ! five ,albums ( ! ,pet]s ,edition4 ,! second conta9s half a doz5 ( ,grieg's mo/ p]fect songs1 among !m ,i ,love ,!e1 ,morn+ ,dew1 ,p>t+ & ,wood ,w&]+s4 ,to ,spr+time 9 ,album ,i1 ,a ,swan & ,solvejg's ,song 9 ,album ,,iii1 & ,by ! ,riv]side1 ,! ,old ,"m1 & ,on ! ,way ,home 9 ,album ,,iv1 are also *>act]i/ic & beautiful4 ,! read] :o feels ,grieg's *>m at all w end by buy+ all five ,albums1 ?\gh !re is little ( value 9 ! la/4 ,,footnotes3 ,a ,?us #d_/d "t is a comp\nd ( twos1 #f_/h "t is a comp\nd ( ?rees1 & ! int]e/+ #e_/d measure1 s effective 9 ! second movem5t ( ,ts*ak[sky's ,pa!tic ,symphony1 is a comp\nd ( twos & ?rees regul>ly alt]nat+4 ,b ,di>y ( ,my ,t\r 9 #ahhh1 translat$ 9 ,ts*ak[sky1 ,8 ,life & ,works1 by ,rosa ,newm>*4 7,john ,lane1 ,new ,york1 #aijj47 ,c ,edv>d ,grieg et la ,musique ,sc&9ave1 ,erne/ ,closson4 ,p>is1 ,librairie ,fis*ba*]1 #ahib4 ,,iii ,,anton9 ,,dvo,k ,illu/ration3 ,,anton9 ,,dvo,k ,,iii ,,anton9 ,,dvo,k ,on an ,octob] ev5+ 9 #ahib !re 0 giv5 9 ,new ,york ,city a ,gr& ,conc]t 9 exploitation ( ! ,em95t ,compos] & ,director ( ! ,national ,cons]vatory ( ,music ( ,am]ica1 ,dr4 ,anton9 ,dvok4 ,!re 0 an or*e/ra ( eighty1 a *orus ( ?ree hundr$1 & an audi5ce ( sev]al ?\s&2 ! c]emonies1 p>tly hospitable & p>tly patriotic1 includ$ an oration1 ! pres5tation ( a silv] wrea?1 & ! s++ ( ,am]ica by ! assembl$ multitude4 ,outw>dly picturesque z ! occasion d\btless 01 x mu/ h be5 ev5 m /rik+ 9 its sugge/ion ( ! extreme contra/s 9 life :i* accompany ! turn+ ( =tune's :eel4 ,"h 0 a man1 orig9ally a ,bohemian peasant1 a village but*]'s son1 :o = ye>s _h endur$ ! mo/ gr9d+ pov]ty1 ! mo/ monoton\s obscurity1 ! mo/ int]m9able labor = p[] & recognition1 com+ at la/1 a fam\s musician1 to he> 8 works p]=m$ & 8 g5ius extoll$ 9 a great1 en?usia/ic c\ntry t want$1 & 0 will+ to pay =1 a s*ool ( music4 ,ev5 /ati/ics are eloqu5t :5 "* is beh9d !m2 at a sal>y ( fifte5 ?\s& doll>s a ye> ! ,national ,cons]vatory ( ,am]ica _h engag$ z pr9cipal ! compos] :o1 less ?an tw5ty ye>s be=e1 _h be5 p5sion$ by ! ,au/rian ,m9i/ry ( ,education j "o hundr$? ( t sum4 ,dvok's reception 9 ,new ,york 0 an appropriate outw>d sign ( a victory a*iev$ ov] peculi>ly indiff]5t de/9y by peculi>ly indomitable pluck4 ,z "o looks back f ?is impos+ ev5t ov] ! c\rse ( ,dvok's labori\s1 p]si/5t y\?1 "o's att5tion1 no matt] h[ mu* x is at fir/ engag$ ) ! *anges ( 8 out] life1 ) 8 progress f obscure pov]ty to com=t & fame1 soon dwells ev5 m on ! und]ly+ id5tity ( ! man ?r\gh all *anges1 on 8 unsw]v+ simplicity ( nature & /eadfa/ness ( aim4 ,m rem>kable ?an ! div]sity ( 8 c>e] is ! unity ( 8 "*4 ,f fir/ to la/1 :e!r 9 ,mhlhaus51 ,prague1 ,london1 or ,new ,york1 he is ess5tially a peasant4 ,8 deepe/ moral trait is ! dumb p]si/5ce1 ! un?9k+ dogg$ness1 ( ! peasant4 ,8 m5tal atmosph]e is ! peasant's innoc5ce ( self-consci\sness1 8 un9trospective c&or4 ,n l ! sophi/icat$ man1 :o weighs motives & =esees ob/acles1 does he pursue 8 tr\bl\s way4 ,he is1 on ! contr>y1 l an eng9e plac$ on ! track & />t$2 ?r\gh d>kness & day1 ?r\gh failure & success1 ?r\gh weakness & /r5g?1 he /eams ahead1 ev] propell$ by irresi/ible inn] =ce1 ins5sible & unam5able to circum/ance4 ,& 8 musical impulse is ( ! same sort4 ,8 aims 9 music h always be5 simple1 def9ite1 unsophi/icat$ by intellectualism4 ,tak+ ke5 delight 9 ! s5su\s beauty ( s\nd1 gift$ ) ! musical s5se 9 its mo/ fundam5tal =m ( physical susceptibility1 f 8 e>lie/ days he set ab\t le>n+ to produce pleasant effects ( rhy?m & consonance1 ) utt] s9c]ity1 ) no ref]5ce to d]ivative & second>y musical values4 ,:51 z a boy1 he he>d ! villag]s play+ _! native dances1 8 blood /irr$ 9 sympa?y1 & z soon z he 0 able he took a h&4 ,:5 he 0 old] he inv5t$ simil> pieces1 gradually ref9+ !m1 b always *]i%+ ! brightness ( tone1 ! vigor ( rhy?mic life1 t _h fir/ won 8 devotion4 ,& :51 9 ,new ,york1 an exp]i5c$ & honor$ musician1 he 0 expect$ to advise our compos]s1 x 0 highly *>act]i/ic ( him t he recomm5d$ !m to p\r _! ideas into ! negro molds4 ,"h 0 a music simple1 s5su\s1 highly rhy?mic2 he look$ no fur!r1 he 0 disconc]t$ by no e?nological problems1 nor ev5 by ! incongruity t any man ( ! _w w\ld h se5 betwe5 negro song & our subtly m+l$1 highly complex ,am]ican "*4 ,bohemian folk-melodies _h express$ him2 :y %\ld n plantation tunes express u8 ,b p]haps 8 curi\s simplicity reveals itself mo/ ( all 9 8 p]fectly uncritical fecundity z a compos]4 ,he writes ) extreme rapidity1 & indefatigably4 ,! great ,/abat ,mat] is said to h be5 complet$ 9 six weeks1 & 8 opus numb]s ext5d beyond a hundr$4 ,he writes z if no?+ exi/$ 9 ! _w b himself & an or*e/ra wait+ to play 8 scores4 ,he is nev] emb>rass$ by a s5se ( limitation1 by ! p]ception 9 o!rs ( p[]s he lacks4 ,?\gh he has /udi$ ! ma/]s1 he is n aba%$ by !m4 ,! /&>ds ( s*ol>%ip1 ^? academic bugbe>s1 h = him no t]rors4 ,inde$1 ( all great compos]s he is p]haps lea/ ! s*ol>1 mo/ ! sublimat$ tr\bad\r1 enri*+ ! _w ) an apo!osiz$ tav]n-music4 ,9 read+ 8 life we mu/ nev] =get ^! ?+s3 8 simple nature1 8 s5su\s r ?an emotional or intellectual devotion to music1 & 8 immunity f ! *ecks & palsies ( wide le>n+ & fa/idi\s ta/e4 ,!re is 9 a rural di/rict ( ,bohemia1 on ! ,moldau ,riv]1 a quiet little village call$ ,nelahozeves1 or1 9 ,g]man1 ,mhlhaus51,d :]e1 9 #ahda1 0 born ,anton91 elde/ son ( ,frantisek ,dvok1 ! village innkeep] & but*]4 ,! ,dvoks 7 p n )\t consid]ation among _! fell[-t[nsm52 n only 0 m9e ho/ ( ! tav]n a widely acqua9t$ man1 b 8 wife's fa!r 0 bailiff to a pr9ce4 ,"o may imag9e ! pot5cy1 9 a small hamlet1 ( su* a conjunction ( prom95ce & pre/ige4 ,nev]!less1 z social di/9ction has no direct effect on a man's income1 & z ! but*]'s family grew 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s inconv5i5tly num]\s1 x happ5$ t ,anton91 ! elde/ ( eight *ildr51 0 look$ to 9 e>ly y\? to le>n 8 fa!r's trade & contribute t[>d ! family support4 ,un=tunately1 he wi%$ to be a musician4 ,su* a desire1 inde$1 *im]ical z x may h appe>$ at ! "t1 0 natural en\gh 9 a boy ( musical s5sibility :o _h be5 surr\nd$ f 8 e>lie/ ye>s by a p passionately devot$ to music4 ,n only is music a "p ( ! in/ruction 9 ! ,bohemian public s*ools1 b x is ! adjunct ( all ! occasions ( life4 ,z _m z =ty dances are said to be practic$ by ! peasants1 & we h x on ,dvok's own au?ority t labor]s 9 ,bohemia s+ at _! "w1 & aft] *ur* on ,sunday beg9 danc+1 :i* !y (t5 keep up )\t cessation till e>ly on ! foll[+ morn+4 ,tak+ advantage ( 8 opportunities1 ! boy _h le>n$ at f\rte5 to play ! viol91 ! organ1 & ! piano1 & to s+4 ,x 0 a ye> lat] t1 summon$ by 8 fa!r to surr5d] 8 dreams ( musician%ip1 he p]=m$ an exploit well wor? m5tion+1 z an e>ly example ( 8 indefatigable p]si/5ce & 8 blund]+ me?ods4 ,hop+ to enli/ 8 fa!r's sympa?y1 he wrote1 scor$1 & _h play$ by ! village b&1 an orig9al polka4 ,mr4 ,had[ tells ! /ory at l5g?2 its po9t is t ,dvok1 ^: ambition 0 m robu/ ?an 8 le>n+1 fail$ to write ! trumpets z transpos+ in/rum5ts1 &1 ( c\rse1 made a di/ress+ fiasco4 ,!re is "s little irony 9 ! disa/]1 comm5ts ,mr4 ,had[1 if x be rememb]$ t among all ,dvok's gifts ! in/9ct ( or*e/ration is p]haps ! mo/ conspicu\s4 ,he is ! greate/ liv+ expon5t ( ! art2 & he 0 once 9 dang] ( =feit+ 8 c>e] ?r\gh ignorance ( its mo/ elem5t>y pr9ciple4 ,he did1 inde$1 give up music = a ye>1 b 9 ,octob]1 #aheg1 0 all[$ by 8 fa!r to ent] ! ,organ ,s*ool at ,prague4 ,_h ,dvok be5 ( an introspective turn ( m9d1 he might n[ h wond]$ r dismally1 z ! mon?s w5t by 9 ,prague1 ! pat]nal all[ance ceas$1 & ! tuition at ! ,organ ,s*ool prov$ n>r[ & te*nical1 :e!r he _h really b5efit$ himself4 ,=tunately1 he 0 n giv5 to metaphysical speculation2 he got :at tra9+ he c\ld f ! s*ool & jo9$ a b&4 ,9 ,mhlhaus5 he _h (t5 tak5 a viola "p 9 ! village b& t play$ = w$d+s & on holidays2 n[ he turn$ 8 skill to acc\nt 9 ! re/aurants ( ,prague4 ,9 ?is way1 & by play+ also 9 a *ur* or*e/ra on ,sundays1 he manag$ to amass ab\t n9e doll>s a mon?1 & to acquire an in/9ct = ! way in/rum5tal p>ts %\ld be writt54 ,! only obvi\s advantage ( ?is try+ p]iod 0 ! intimate k ( in/rum5ts x gave him4 ,he liv$1 s to speak1 *eek by j[l ) !m1 wat*+ !m1 h&l+ !m1 see+ :at 0 writt5 = !m1 & he>+ h[ x s\nd$4 ,8 is no book-k ( or*e/ration4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8 extreme pov]ty1 ! limitations ( ! s*ool1 & 8 lack ( fri5ds to l5d him scores or ! use ( a piano1 cut him (f cruelly f t equally ess5tial "p ( education1 famili>ity ) classic ma/]pieces & ! traditions ( academic le>n+4 ,8 b& play$ only popul> ov]tures & ! usual pot-p\rris4 ,sometimes he coax$ a kettle-drumm] to let him cr\* beh9d ! drums & he> a conc]t4 ,he once _h an opportunity to he> ,d] ,freis*tz = ! mode/ sum ( f\r c5ts1 b ! f\r c5ts 0 n =?com+1 & ,d] ,freis*tz w5t unhe>d4 ,he c\ld af=d to buy no scores1 & !re 0 no libr>y :]e he c\ld read !m4 ,su* 7 ! meag] advantages ( :i* he made good use2 su* ! heavy ob/acles he gradually surm\nt$4 ,aft] 8 graduation f ! ,organ ,s*ool 9 #ahfj 8 situation1 bo? practical & musical1 sl[ly ameliorat$4 ,f ,smetana1 :o gave him a position 9 ! or*e/ra ( ! ,int]im/heat]1 a home = ,bohemian op]a f\nd$ 9 #ahfb1 he receiv$ :at 0 ( ev5 m importance to him1 ! loan ( scores & enc\ragem5t 9 composition4 ,already tw5ty-"o1 he acqua9t$ himself = ! fir/ "t ) ,bee?ov5's & ,m5delssohn's symphonies & *amb]-works1 ( :i* he became a passionate /ud5t1 & ) ,s*umann's songs4 ,= almo/ t5 ye>s he labor$ /eadily & sil5tly4 ,x 0 ! p]iod ( appr5tice%ip1 ! p]iod ( ardu\s1 sl[ ma/]y ( te*nique & ?\ght ?r\gh :i* e creative arti/ mu/ pass4 ,! m]e mass ( 8 ex]cises is bewild]+2 he compos$ & de/roy$ an op]a & two symphonies1 to say no?+ ( _m o!r sacrifices on ! alt> ( skill ( :i* n ev5 ! names survive4 ,peculi> to himself1 to be sure1 & sc>cely a model = o!r /ud5ts1 0 8 me?od 9 ?is long self-evocation4 ,n l ,bee?ov5 did he m$itate & revise 8 !mes1 sp5d+ inf9ite labor on sixte5 b>s ( melody1 & n quail+ be=e a doz5 revisions s !y 7 ne$$ to p>e away ! m>ble & reveal ! p]fect =m4 ,n l ,brahms did he in/all a sy/ematic tra9+1 day by day w9n+ /r5g? & pla/icity ( ?\ght on ! *e/-weights & dumb-bells ( contrapuntal ex]cise4 ,on ! contr>y1 he =g$ ahead1 & someh[1 )\t kn[+ :]e he 0 go+ or :at he 0 do+1 made himself a ma/]4 ,he took ,p>nassus by /orm1 z x 71 ov]ran r ?an scal$ x1 & 0 victor m by quantity ?an by quality ( p]=mance4 ,yet 9 all ?is blund]+ progress he 0 protect$ by a g5u9e elevation ( aim4 ,lack+ ! s5se ( tradition & ! safegu>ds ( scrupul\s ta/e1 he 0 n )\t 8 own rugg$ idealism4 ,& s1 al?\gh he d\btless _h e ext]nal inducem5t to jo9 ! ranks ( ! national movem5t 9 music1 !n j acquir+ mom5tum1 he ma9ta9$ 8 consci5ti\s sil5ce = ne>ly a decade4 ,8 compositions saw ! light nei!r ( ! conc]t hall nor ( ! pr9t+-press2 writt5 ) ardor1 !y 7 burn$ )\t regret4 ,dvok %[$ 9 8 lehrjhre ! self-respect ( all really great arti/s4 ,x 0 e>ly 9 ! sev5ties t he f9ally em]g$ f 8 /udi\s res]ve & appe>$ be=e ! _w ) an op]a1 ,! ,k+ & ! ,colli]1 :i* he 0 commission$ to write = ! ,national ,!at]4 ,s cle> 0 ! patriotic int5t ( ?is commission1 s entirely 0 ! popul> int]e/ enli/$ 9 ,smetana's ef=t to build up a ,bohemian s*ool ( music1 t x is h>d to conceive h[ ,dvok c\ld h fall5 into ! error he n[ made4 ,he prep>$ = 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 a ,wagn]ian music-drama4 ,! situation is comic4 ,! good ,bohemians1 come to he> folk-tunes1 7 giv5 leit-motifs & inf9ite melody4 ,if !y fail$ to sympa?ize ) 8 adoration = ! ,bayreu? ma/] 7& x seems inde$ to h be5 b a calf-sickness1 aft]w>ds bravely outliv$71 if ,! ,k+ & ! ,colli] 0 a flat failure1 ,dvok _h no "o b himself to blame4 ,at ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 z at s _m o!rs 9 8 c>e]1 8 unfail+ en]gy sav$ ! day s ne>ly lo/ by :at "o critic has call$ 8 bra9lessness4 ,he set to & rewrote 8 "w entire1 leav+ n a s+le numb] ( ! unhappy music-drama4 ,b n[ ! libretto1 :i* _h at fir/ be5 sp>$ a disapproval all conc5trat$ ^u ! music1 prov$ wor?less & flat1 & ! op]a 0 damn$ afre%4 ,/ill ,dvok p]si/$4 ,gett+ a poet to set an entirely new book to 8 entirely new music1 he made at la/ a success ) an op]a ( :i* ,mr4 ,had[ well says t ! ,iri%man's knife1 :i* _h a new blade & a new h&le1 does n (f] a m bewild]+ problem ( id5tity4 ,no "o b ,dvok w\ld h s bungl$ 8 und]tak+2 no "o b he w\ld s h =c$ x to a successful issue4 ,by #ahgc ,dvok 0 well />t$ on ! c>e] ( increas+ p[] & fame t he _h work$ s h>d to e/abli% on firm f\ndations4 ,t ye> 0 m>k$ n only by 8 in/allm5t z organi/ at ,/4 ,adalb]t's ,*ur*1 ) a com=table sal>y1 & by 8 m>riage1 b also by ! appe>ance ( a composition :i* made 8 "n at once widely kn[n 9 ,bohemia--! patriotic hymn entitl$ ,! ,heirs ( ! ,:ite ,m\nta94 ,f\r ye>s lat] 8 reputation began to spread beyond ! bord]4 ,x 0 9 #ahgg t ! approbation ( ,brahms1 !n a commission] ( ! ,au/rian ,m9i/ry ( ,education1 to :i* ,dvok _h submitt$ "s duets1 induc$ ,joa*im to introduce ! "y ,bohemian's works into ,engl& & ,g]many1 & ! h\se ( ,simrock to publi% !m4 ,9 #ahgh ! ,slavonic ,dances made _! compos]'s "n imm$iately kn[n ?r\gh\t ! musical _w4 ,8 great ,/abat ,mat]1 produc$ 9 ,engl& ) acclaim 9 #ahhc1 0 ! fir/ ( sev]al *oral works giv5 !re 9 ! next few ye>s1 all v successfully4 ,9 #ahhi he 0 decorat$ by ! ,au/rian c\rt4 ,9 #ahij he receiv$ an ,honor>y ,doctorate f ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 0 made ,doctor ( ,philosophy at ,prague1 & 0 appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,composition at ! ,cons]vatory !re4 ,! welcome accord$ to him 9 ,am]ica has already be5 briefly *ronicl$4 ,8 sixtie? bir?day 0 celebrat$ by a musical fe/ival 9 #aija1 at ,prague1 :]e he n[ makes 8 home4 ,9 ,dvok's v>i$ life a y\? ( unusual h>d%ip1 ( an almo/ unp>allel$ sev]ity ( /ruggle bo? = livelihood & = education1 has be5 cr[n$ ) ye>s full ( a prosp]ity & honor r>ely allott$ to compos]s4 ,t "t-honor$ tool ( arti/ic criticism1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ?\ght & expression--or1 z ! critics say1 betwe5 e?os & te*nique--is "o t con/antly tempts ! critic ( music1 & always betrays him4 ,v s$uctive x is1 because analogy ) o!r arts is s plausible a device = exploit+ music2 b pu% x to its logical outcome & x inevitably vani%es--! =m proves to be n ! inve/iture1 nor ev5 ! inc>nation1 ( ! ?\ght1 b ! ?\ght itself4 ,*ange ! expression & y annihilate ! ?\ght2 develop a te*nique & y create a sy/em ( ideas2 m9d & body are ultimately "o4 ,n[ ! case ( ,dvok is /rongly corroborative ( su* a !ory ( ! id5tity 9 music ( e?os & te*nique4 ,:at is se5 f "o angle ( vision z 8 love ( exotic color1 8 devotion to curi\s int]vals ( melody1 sudd5 excursions 9 tonality1 & odd molds ( rhy?m1 appe>s f ! o!r1 ! te*nical side1 z ma/]y ( or*e/ral sonority & inh]itance ( a peculi> musical dialect4 ,x is !re=e difficult to acc\nt exactly = ! g5esis ( any giv5 quality 9 8 "w4 ,is x ! result ( an out] influ5ce act+ ^u a peculi>ly pla/ic nature1 or does x spr+ r f deeply-root$ individual traits t h dom9at$ ! c\rse ( 8 developm5t & %ap$ 8 /yle8 ,did 8 e>ly exp]i5ces 9 a village b&1 = example1 awak5 & evolve 8 s5se ( tone color1 or w\ld 8 music h be5 prim>ily s5su\s ev5 if he _h _h ! tra9+ ( ,brahms1 ,ts*ak[sky1 or ,cs> ,franck8 ,x seems probable t "h1 z else:]e1 inn] end[m5t & out] influ5ce h react$ ) a subtlety & complexity t defy analysis1 & ?\ght & /yle are b aspects ( "o ess5ce4 ,consequ5tly1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 e?os & te*nique1 h[ev] s]viceable z a means ( gett+ ov] ! gr\nd1 z a tool ( inve/igation1 w mislead u unless we con/antly rememb] h[ p>tial is its validity4 ,we may inde$1 = ! sake ( cle>ness & ?or\ghness1 speak fir/ ( "o aspect1 !n ( ano!r1 b ! man we are /udy+1 l ! %ield 9 ! allegory1 rema9s all ! "t "o4 ,to approa* ! te*nical side fir/1 !re c be no d\bt t ! ri* quality ( ,dvok's tone1 a quality s /rik+ t ,mr4 ,had[ places him ) ,bee?ov51 ,b]lioz1 & ,wagn] 9 ! class ( supreme ma/]s ( or*e/ration1 w\ld nev] h be5 atta9able to "o :o _h n _h 8 peculi> exp]i5ce4 ,he has ! practical play]'s exhau/ive k ( in/rum5ts1 :i* enables him1 by dispos+ ! p>ts always 9 effective regi/]s1 to get a ri* & mell[ sonority 9 8 ensemble writ+4 ,exam9e any *ord 9 8 scores1 & y see t ea* play] gives a tone t he c s\nd fully & advantage\sly1 & t ea* *oir ( in/rum5ts--! /r+s1 ! wood1 ! brass--gives 9 isolation an effective *ord4 ,! resultant h>mony is a well-balanc$1 ?or\ghly fus$ mass ( tone4 ,b f> m important ?an ! p[] to write effectively dispos$ s+le *ords is ! p[] to weave a fabric ( close texture & firm consi/5cy1 to make ! or*e/ra su/a91 ramify1 & re9=ce itself1 s to speak4 ,by f> ! be/ way to secure ?is solidity ( texture is to write coh]5t & well-individualiz$ melodies 9 ! diff]5t p>ts1 :i* s]ve z /r&s to b9d ! :ole4 ,su* is ! me?od ( ,bee?ov5 among classic & ( ,ts*ak[sky among romantic compos]s1 & s effici5t is good polyphonic or _m-voic$ writ+ z a means ( sonority t x has be5 truly said1 ,pure voice-lead+ is half an or*e/ra4 ,yet great skill is requir$ = su* polyphonic writ+1 s9ce all ! indep5d5t melodies mu/ coop]ate h>moni\sly2 & ,dvok1 :o got little academic tra9+ z a boy1 is n a great contrapunti/4 ,j "h1 h[ev]1 8 b& exp]i5ce com+ to 8 aid1 he 0 sav$ f writ+ lumpi%1 d\ghy /uff--9 :i* "o poor tune 9 ! soprano va9ly attempts to hold up a heavy weight ( amorph\s accompanim5t--by 8 extraord9>y knack ( vitaliz+ 8 entire mass ( tone ?r\gh rhy?mic individualization ( ! p>ts4 ,tak+ a skeleton ( simple h>mony1 he manages to write = ! diff]5t voices su* sali5t & individual rhy?ms t !y /& out ) almo/ ! grace ( melodi\s contrapuntal p>ts4 ,x is a sort ( metrical yea/ to keep 8 bread f be+ soggy4 ,num]\s examples w at once occur to /ud5ts ( 8 scores1 p>ticul>ly f ! ,slavonic ,dances & ,rhapsodies4 ,a ?ird =m ( 8 or*e/ral ma/]y might be po9t$ out 9 ! well-calculat$ special effects = s+le in/rum5ts1 su* z ! oboe duet t concludes ! fir/ movem5t ( ! ,suite1 opus #ci1 :i* occur ev]y:]e 9 8 scores4 ,b t is1 aft] all1 a common] =m ( skill1 :]eas ri* sonority & life 9 ! fabric z ! result ( rhy?mic individualization ( ! p>ts1 c be f\nd 9 few scores s highly develop$ z 9 ^? ( ,dvok4 ,z reg>ds /ructure1 ,dvok is felicit\s b ecc5tric4 ,he does n lay out 8 plans ) ! c>eful prevision ( "o to :om balance & symmetry are vital4 ,8 s*eme is n =eord]$1 x is sket*$ curr5tly4 ,?us1 = example1 8 modulation is s+ul>ly radical1 impulsive & haphaz>d4 ,he loves to desc5d unexpect$ly ^u ! mo/ remote keys1 nev] kn[s :]e he w turn next1 & :5 he gets too f> f home returns ov] f5ces & ?r\gh no-?or\ghf>es4 ,(t51 ) him1 a *ange ( key seems dictat$ m]ely by a desire = a p>ticul> pat* ( color2 he wi%es to bright5 ! tonal backgr\nd ) %>ps or mollify x ) flats1 & plump he comes to 8 key1 little c>+ h[ he gets !re or :]e he is go+ next4 ,8 use ( contra/s ( tonality is ?us *>act]i/ic ( 8 love ( color-effects = !mselves & 8 will+ness to subord9ate to !m purity ( l9e4 ,aga91 x is probably n =c+ ! po9t to see 9 8 use ( unev5 rhy?ms1 su* z five & sev5 b> p]iods1 ano!r in/ance ( ! same t5d5cy to lic5se4 ,und\bt$ly 9 "p a legacy f ,bohemian folk-song1 :i* is p>ticul>ly ri* 9 !m1 8 unev5 rhy?ms seem to be also 9 "p due to a c]ta9 =tuit\sness ( m9d4 ,x is z if he clos$ 8 phrase1 )\t reg>d to /rict symmetry1 :]ev] a good *ance (f]$4 ,! !me ( ! ,symphonic ,v>iations1 opus #gh1 is an example4 ,x is int]e/+ to contra/ ?is rhy?mic trait ( ,dvok's ) ,grieg's accurate & sometimes almo/ we>isome precision ( outl9e4 ,bo? m5 d]ive f folk-music a love ( incisive met]--_! music has a /rong pulse2 b ,grieg1 :o is precise1 lyrical1 s5sitive to p]fection ( detail1 is really f9ical 9 8 unfalt]+ devotion to squ>e-cut sections1 :ile ,dvok1 m wayw>d1 less p]fect & exquisite1 /rays into all sorts ( odd p]iods4 ,8 some:at arbitr>y treatm5t ( tonality relations & ( rhy?m is ?us illu/rative ( a g5]al laxity ( me?od highly *>act]i/ic ( ! man4 ,9 contra/ ) a jeal\sly accurate arti/ l ,grieg1 he is felicit\s m by =ce ( g5ius ?an by wisdom ( int5t4 ,dvok's *ildlike spontaneity is 9 no way bett] exemplifi$ ?an by 8 attitude t[>d folk-music1 & "h aga9 he may pr(itably be contra/$ ) ,grieg4 ,bo? devotees ( local color h enri*$ art ) unfamili> l9eam5ts & unus$ res\rces1 yet _! modes ( proc$ure h be5 q diff]5t4 ,grieg1 trav]s+ ! usual mill ( ,g]man musical education1 turn$ consci\sly to ,norwegian folk-song to f9d a note ( individuality4 ,/ruck ) ! fre%ness ( ! native dances1 he transplant$ !m bodily into 8 academic fl[]-pots4 ,8 c\rt%ip ( ! national ,muse 0 consci\s1 sophi/icat$1 & 8 /yle is 9 a s5se ! result ( excogitation4 ,dvok1 on ! contr>y1 gr[+ up 9 8 small ,bohemian village1 unable to get classic scores1 assidu\sly fiddl+ ?r\gh\t 8 y\? at village ftes :]e ! peasants mu/ h a scrap ( tune to dance by1 became ?or\ghly saturat$ ) ! rude music4 ,x mov$ 9 8 ve9s l blood2 x 0 8 o!r language4 ,?us ! two m5 7 at q pol> /&po9ts 9 relation to nationalism4 ,) ,dvok x 0 a po9t ( dep>ture1 ) ,grieg x 0 a goal ( pilgrimage4 ,& s1 :ile ! ,norwegian has t5d$ to immure himself 9 idiosyncrasy1 ! ,bohemian has rubb$ (f prov9cialisms )\t los+ 8 inh]itance4 ,8 music1 :ile reta9+ ! s5su\s pl5itude1 ! individual flavor1 ! florid color+1 ) :i* 8 y\? end[$ x1 has acquir$1 ) ye>s & exp]i5ce1 a scope ( expression1 a maturity ( /yle1 & a univ]sality ( appeal t make x z ju/ly admir$ z x is in/9ctively enjoy$4 ,imp]ceptibly we h pass$ f te*nical analysis into p]sonal inv5tory4 ,& inde$1 all ,dvok's peculi>ities ( /yle may be view$ z ! inevitable manife/ations ( a nature at once ri* & nave4 ,8 music makes a delightfully frank appeal4 ,x is nev] somb]1 nev] crabb$1 nev] ev5 pr(\nd4 ,x brea!s n passion1 b s5tim5t4 ,x is too happily s5su\s to be tragic1 too busy ) an imm$iate *>m to tr\ble ab\t a remote mean+4 ,ev5 :5 he is mov+1 z 9 ! ,l>go ( ! ,new ,_w ,symphony1 is x n ) a g5tle1 half-s5su\s pa?os1 a wi/fulness m ?an half assuag$ by ! woo+ sweetness ( ! s\nds t fill our e>s8 ,to him music is prim>ily sweet s\nd1 & we %all misconceive 8 aim & s]vice if 9 look+ = some?+ deep 9 him we miss :at is1 aft] all1 v accessible & delightful = itself--! simple *>m ( 8 comb9ations ( tone4 ,,bibliographical ,,note4--,dvok's fecundity is surpris+4 ,he has writt5 cantatas1 oratorios1 a mass1 a requiem1 & hymns = *orus & or*e/ra2 five symphonies1 five ov]tures1 f\r symphonic poems1 ! well-kn[n ,slavonic ,dances & ,rhapsodies1 conc]tos = piano1 viol91 & violoncello1 ! inimitable ,suite1 op4 #ci1 ! ,symphonic ,v>iations1 op4 #gh1 & o!r or*e/ral works ( small] proportions2 sev5 /r+ qu>tets1 a sextet1 ?ree trios1 a t]zetto = two viol9s & a viola1 two /r+ qu9tets1 a piano qu9tet1 a piano qu>tet1 a sonata = viol9 & piano1 & a s]5ade = w9d in/rum5ts2 &1 f9ally1 _m piano works & songs4 ,he is at 8 be/ 9 8 or*e/ral & *amb] works1 ( :i* ! foll[+ are typical3 ! ,slavonic ,dances1 op4 #df & #gb1 ! ,slavonic ,rhapsodies1 op4 #de1 ! ,suite1 op4 #ei1 ! ,symphony1 ,f ! ,new ,_w1 op4 #ie1 & ! ,s*]zo ,capriccioso1 op4 #ff2 ! ,sextet1 op4 #dh1 ! ,qu>tet & ,qu9tet on negro !mes1 op4 #if & #ig1 ! ,piano ,qu9tet1 op4 #ha1 & ! ,piano ,qu9tet1 op4 #hg4 ,?\gh ^! compositions lose mu* 9 transcription1 !y are all obta9able 9 f\r-h& piano arrangem5ts4 ,! piano music is some:at unidiomatic except ! lat] ?+s1 b ! ,mazurkas1 op4 #ef1 ! ,poetis*e ,/immungsbild]1 op4 #he1 & ! ,humoreskes1 op4 #aja1 are wor? kn[+4 ,( ! songs1 n9e ( ! be/ are publi%$ sep>ately by ! h\se ( ,simrock1 & ! two mo/ popul> ones1 ,gute ,na*t & ,als die ,alte ,mutt]1 are to be _h 9 ,s*irm]'s s]ies entitl$ ,gems ( ,g]man ,songs4 ,a /udy ( ^! w probably ar\se a desire = m1 & ! /ud5t may buy ! ,gipsy ,songs1 op4 #ee1 & ! ,love ,songs1 op4 #hc4 ,! duets1 ,klnge aus ,mhr51 n v well kn[n1 are *>act]i/ic4 ,,footnotes3 ,d ,a graphic picture ( ! sleepy little place is giv5 9 ! essay on ,dvok 9 ,/udies 9 ,mod]n ,music1 ,w4 ,h4 ,had[1 ,second ,s]ies4 ,macmillan1 ,new ,york1 #ahid4 ,,iv ,,camille ,,sa9t-,,sa,,ns ,illu/ration3 ,,camille ,,sa9t-,,sa,,ns ,,iv ,,camille ,,sa9t-,,sa,,ns ,x is a pr9ciple ( musical expression t ( ! two great types ( temp]am5t1 ! active & ! contemplative1 ! fir/ t5ds to express itself 9 /rongly rhy?mic figures1 ! second 9 phrases ( vagu] outl9e1 full ( s5tim5t n easily to be conf9$ 9 molds4 ,! man ( action is incisive1 vigor\s1 compact 9 utt]ance2 ! my/ic is by contra/ indef9ite & discursive4 ,x has be5 well e/abli%$1 inde$1 t primeval music 0 ! product ( two modes ( in/9ctive emotional expression1 ! ge/iculatory & ! vocal1 dance & song2 & ?r\gh\t its gr[? ^! two /r&s1 h[ev] closely !y may int]tw9e1 c /ill be trac$4 ,?us x happ5s t ev5 to-day we f9d ! complex "w ( mod]n musicians gett+ a special impress ( p]sonality & /yle accord+ z ! rhy?mic or ! melodic-h>monic faculty pr$om9ates 9 ! individual4 ,"o man's music w be notable = its /rong impulse1 its v>iety & vivacity ( rhy?m2 ano!r's w appeal to ! m dreamy & s5tim5tal "p ( our natures1 w speak to our he>ts s mov+ly t we %all recognize its desc5t f ! song r ?an f ! dance4 ,& 9 all su* cases ! fir/ man w be ( ! active temp]am5t1 a man ( ! _w1 ( _m int]e/s & great n]v\s =ce2 ! second w be contemplative1 incl9$ to ! mona/ic life1 & ( great he>t r ?an ke5 intellig5ce4 ,su* an anti!sis ( arti/ic product & ( p]sonal "* exi/s 9 a peculi> degree betwe5 ,camille ,sa9t-,sans & ,cs> ,franck1 ! two greate/ compos]s ,france has produc$ s9ce ,bizet4 ,ea* ( ^! m5 is great by virtue ( qualities some:at want+ 9 ! o!r4 ,! "o is clev]1 worldly1 le>n$--& a little sup]ficial2 ! o!r1 pr(\nd1 religi\s1 ( s+ul>ly pure & exalt$ _s1 is yet emotional to ! v]ge ( abnormality4 ,& s ) _! music2 t ( ,sa9t-,sans is en]getic1 lucid1 consummately wr\ght1 :ile ,franck's1 m mov+ & m subtle1 is s sur*>g$ ) feel+ z to become vague & in>ticulate4 ,a review ( _! lives & a brief analysis ( _! "w w br+ out m cle>ly ?is div]g5ce ( nature1 :i*1 9 spite ( ! _m traits !y h 9 common1 has det]m9$ !m to v diff]5t c>e]s & exact$ ( !m v dissimil> arti/ic s]vices4 ,at a conc]t giv5 9 ,p>is 9 #ahdf appe>$ a new prodigy1 a boy piani/1 le petit ,sa9t-,sans1 z ! ,gazette ,musicale ann\nc$ him1 :o1 only t5 & a half ye>s old1 play$ ,hndel1 ,ba*1 ,bee?ov51 & ,moz>t1 )\t notes1 ) no ef=t1 giv+ 8 phrases ) cle>ness1 elegance1 & ev5 expression 9 ! mid/ ( ! p[]ful effects ( a num]\s or*e/ra us+ all its res\rces4 ,?is1 ! fir/ public appe>ance ( ,sa9t-,sans1 0 by no means 8 fir/ musical exploit4 ,we read t he began ! /udy ( ! piano ) 8 great-aunt at ! age ( ?ree1 :5 already 8 s5se ( tone 0 s ke5 t he w\ld press d[n ) 8 left h& ! sl5d] f+]s ( ! "r until !y became /rong en\gh to satisfy 8 exact+ requirem5ts2 t at five he compos$ little waltzes2 t at t5 he play$ fugues by ,ba*1 a conc]to ( ,hummel1 & ,bee?ov5's ,c-m9or ,conc]to2 & t he c\ld tell ! notes ( all ! clock-*imes 9 ! h\se1 & once rem>k$ t a p]son 9 ! next room 0 walk+ 9 tro*ees4 ,by ! "t he 0 sev5te5 he _h e>n$ wide reputation z a piani/1 _h tak5 prizes = organ-play+ at ! cons]vatory1 & _h writt5 an ode = *orus1 solo1 & or*e/ra1 & a symphony4 ,?us e>ly did he lay ! f\ndations ( t skill :i* 9 ! e>ly sev5ties1 :5 at ,wagn]'s h\se he play$ on ! piano ! ,siegfri$ score1 won f von ,bl[ ! rem>k t1 ) ! exception ( ,wagn] & ,liszt1 he 0 ! greate/ musician liv+4 ,! surpris+ en]gy & v]satility %[n at ! op5+ ( ,sa9t-,sans's c>e] h prov$1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 to be ! sali5t traits ( 8 typically ,gallic nature4 ,he is1 to a rem>kable degree1 ! complete ,fr5*man4 ,he has all ! intellectual vivacity1 all ! n]v\s =ce1 ! quick wit & worldly poli%1 ev5 ! physical sw>?9ess & ! dry ke5ness ( visage1 t we associate ) 8 c\ntrym54 ,m4 ,georges ,s]vires1 9 8 ,la ,musique ,franaise ,mod]ne1 gives ! foll[+ excell5t description3 ,sa9t-,sans is ( %ort /ature4 ,8 head is extremely orig9al1 ! features *>act]i/ic2 a great br[1 wide & op51 :]e1 betwe5 ! eyebr[s1 ! en]gy & ! t5acity ( ! man reveal !mselves2 hair habitually cut %ort1 & br[ni% be>d turn+ gray2 a nose l an eagle's beak1 und]l9$ by two deeply m>k$ wr9kles />t+ f ! no/rils1 eyes a little prom95t1 v mobile1 v expressive4 ,! famili>s ( 8 ,mondays1 ^? :o knew ! arti/ be=e injur$ heal? & family sorr[s _h d>k5$ 8 "*1 rememb] t !re 0 ab\t him !n a ke5 animation1 a diabolic mis*iev\sness1 a rail+ irony1 & an agility 9 leap+ 9 talk f "o subject to ano!r ) a sprightl9ess ( fancy t equal$ ! mobility ( 8 features1 :i* 7 animat$ at "o & ! same mom5t by ! mo/ contr>y expressions2 & ,i c\ld cite z in/ances ( 8 gay humor _m funny anecdotes t he lov$ to tell1 adju/+ on 8 nose ! :ile1 ) bo? h&s1 9 a way peculi> to him1 8 eye-glasses1 beh9d :i* 8 eyes sp>kl$ ) malice4 ,"s examples ( ?is rail+ irony ( ,sa9t-,sans are pres]v$4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 a /ory ( an ambiti\s woman at "o ( 8 ,mondays1 :o fairly br[beat him into accompany+ h] two daught]s 9 a duet4 ,aft] endur+ z long z he c\ld ! torture ( _! timeless & tuneless p]=mance1 he turn$ to ! "m )1 ,:i* ( y\r daught]s1 madam1 d y wi% me to accompany8 ,a man ( 8 wit naturally f\nd himself at home 9 ,p>is society1 & c\nt$ among 8 fri5ds = ye>s su* p z ! ,pr9cess ,paul9e ,mett]ni*1 ,mme4 ,vi>dot-,g>cia1 & ,meissoni]1 ,t\rg5ieff1 & ,dumas4 ,a /ory told 9 ! ,fig>o1 ( h[ at ,madame ,g>cia's1 :]e he (t5 play$ bo? ! organ & ! piano1 he w\ld pass f improvis+ ma/]ly pages 9 ! contrapuntal /yle to waltzes = ! "y p to dance by1 illu/rates 9 little t peculi> comb9ation ( di/9ction & gayety1 *>act]i/ic ( ,p>is1 :i* is ! native air ( ,sa9t-,sans4 ,b ?is adept metropolitan is also an invet]ate nomad4 ,n cont5t ) travel+ all ov] ,europe 9 8 virtuoso t\rs1 he has long _h ! habit ( w9t]+ 9 outl&i% places l ! ,can>y ,isl&s4 ,(t5 he leaves home )\t ann\nc+ to any "o 8 dep>ture1 or ev5 giv+ fri5ds 8 addresses2 sometimes )\t kn[+ himself :]e he w g4 ,! spectacle ( di/ant l&s & ali5 races has = him an inexhau/ible fasc9ation4 ,9 writ+ ( 8 exp]i5ces 9 ,engl&1 :]e he w5t 9 #ahic to receive ! doctor's degree f ,cambridge1 he dwells ) gu/o on ! procession ( dignit>ies1 at ! head ( :i*1 he says1 m>*$ ! ,k+ ( ,bahonag>1 9 a gold turban sp>kl+ ) fabul\s gems1 a necklace ( diamonds at 8 ?roat4 ,d>e ,i av[1 he adds1 t1 z an enemy ( ! banalities & ! dull tones ( our mod]n g>m5ts1 ,i 0 en*ant$ ) ! adv5ture8 ,& 9 8 *>m+ little essay1 ,une ,trav]se de ,bretagne1 ! same en?usiasm ?r[s ab\t 8 oboe-play+ %ip-capta9 ! glam\r ( romance4 ,on 8 fir/ trip to ! ,can>ies1 made incognito1 he is said to h (f]$ himself z a sub/itute to s+ a t5or "p 9 ,le ,tr\vre1 & to h come ne> appe>+ 9 ?is incongru\s rle4 ,:5 8 gr& op]a1 ,ascanio1 0 produc$ at ,p>is1 he sc&aliz$ 8 fri5ds & ! public by be+ abs5t f ! fir/ p]=mance4 ,dilig5t inquiry1 & ev5 ! ef=ts ( ! diplomatic ag5ts ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 fail$ to discov] 8 :]eab\ts1 & x 0 actually rumor$ t he _h di$ 9 ,ceylon1 on 8 way to ,japan4 ,b all ! :ile he 0 happily bask+ 9 ! sun at ,palma1 scribbl+ v]ses4 ,f9ally 8 fondness = a/ronomy is well kn[n1 & he is said to h a private obs]vatory 9 "s ultimate isl&4 ,!re is mu* ab\t ?is picturesque ,fr5*man t rem9ds "o ( ! h]oes ( ,jules ,v]ne's romances4 ,:5 he is at home1 ,sa9t-,sans c>ries on a _m-sid$ activity ( :i* composition is h>dly m ?an half4 ,= "o ?+1 he is indefatigable 9 8 ef=ts to improve public ta/e4 ,9 #ahfd he gave 9 a s]ies ( conc]ts all ! conc]tos ( ,moz>t2 9 #ahgh1 su* is ! ca?olicity ( 8 ta/e1 he organiz$ conc]ts to produce ,liszt's ,symphonic ,poems4 ,he has done mu* = musical bibliography by 8 c>eful editions ( ,gluck1 ,rameau1 & o!rs4 ,9 #ahga he took active measures to bett] ! opportunities ( "y native compos]s4 ,at t "t1 z he puts x1 ! "n ( a compos] at once ,fr5* & liv+1 ^u a programme1 _h ! prop]ty to put ev]ybody to flight4 ,! great improvem5t t has tak5 place s9ce !n is due l>gely to him & 8 bro!r-work]s ( ! ,national ,society ( ,music4 ,8 two volumes ( critical essays1 ,h>monie et ,mlodie & ,portraits et ,s\v5irs1 are m>k$ by s\ndness ( pr9ciple1 broad eclecticism ( ta/e1 & a pung5t1 epigrammatic /yle4 ,9 g5]al temp] he is classical )\t be+ p$antic2 t is to say1 he has no sup]/iti\s awe = rules1 b a pr(\nd rev]5ce = law4 ,! lic5ses ( mod]n te*nique & ! m5tal vagu5ess ( :i* !y are ! reflection f9d 9 him a =midable foe4 ,! ?ru/ he gives1 9 ! preface ( ,portraits et ,s\v5irs1 to ^? amateurs :o are annoy$ or disda9ful if ! in/rum5ts ( ! or*e/ra d n run 9 all directions1 l poison$ rats1 is typical ( 8 attitude & me?od4 ,he is a ma/] ( innu5do & delicate s>casm1 :i* he always employs1 h[ev]1 to protect art aga9/ affectation & ignorance4 ,9 deal+ ) ! !ory t music dep5ds = its effect on physical pleasure1 he speaks d]isively ( ! solo voice :i* "o c savor at "o's leisure1 l a %]bet4 ,he says ( ^? or*e/ral conductors & *oirma/]s :o always compla9 ( difficulties t !y love above all _! little habits & ! calm ( _! exi/5ce4 ,among ^! sp>kl+ s5t5ces "o comes frequ5tly also ^u pieces ( wisdom1 sometimes express$ ) r>e dignity1 z :5 he writes1 ,!re is 9 music some?+ :i* trav]ses ! e> z a door1 ! reason z a ve/ibule1 & :i* goes yet fur!r4 ,a writ] s highly gift$ ) bo? raill]y & eloqu5ce might d mis*ief 7 he n>r[ or intol]ant4 ,t ,sa9t-,sans is nei!r c be se5 f a m]e enum]ation ( "s ( 8 subjects1 *os5 almo/ at r&om3 !re are essays on ,! ,oratorios ( ,ba* & ,hndel1 ,jacques ,(f5ba*1 ,liszt1 ,poetry & ,music1 ,! ,nibelung5 ,r+ & ! ,p]=mances at ,bayreu?1 ,don ,giovanni1 ,a ,def5se ( ,opra-,comique1 ,! ,multiple ,resonance ( ,bells1 & ,! ,wagn]ian ,illusion4 ,^! titles indicate a wide en\gh range ( int]e/1 b ,sa9t-,sans is fur!rmore a writ] on subjects entirely unconnect$ ) music4 ,8 devotion to philosophy has prompt$ him to publi% a volume call$ ,problmes et ,my/res2 an antiqu>ian int]e/ has f\nd expression 9 8 ,note sur les dcors de ,?tre dans l'antiquit roma9e2 & he has pr9t$ a volume ( poems "u ! title ,rimes familires4 ,f9ally1 a com$y 9 "o act call$ ,la ,crampe des criva9s 7a disease f :i* he appe>s nev] to h suff]$7 has be5 successfully produc$ at ,p>is4 ,z a compos]1 ,sa9t-,sans impresses ! /ud5t fir/ ( all by 8 excessive1 8 almo/ inord9ate1 clev]ness4 ,x is n seemly = a human be+ to be s clev]2 !re is some?+ necromantic ab\t x4 ,look at ! op5+ ( ! ,g-m9or ,piano ,conc]to & see a mod]n ,fr5*man writ+ l ! great ,ba*4 ,see1 9 ! ,danse ,macabre1 ,b]lioz & ,johann ,/rauss amalgamat$4 ,li/5 to ! ri* effects ( tone 9 ! ',cello ,sonata 9 ,c m9or4 ,/udy ! !matic trans=mations & ! contrapuntal /yle ( ! ,symphony 9 ! same key4 ,admire ! lightness1 ! cobweb iridesc5ce1 ( ! ,r\et d',omphale4 ,! au?or ( ^! works is obvi\sly a man ( great intellectual skill & v]satility4 ,look+ m closely1 "o obs]ves a duality ( /yle1 = ! mom5t puzzl+1 :i* prop]ly und]/ood only emphasizes ! peculi>ity ( 8 arti/ic impulse4 ,8 compositions are ( two well-m>k$ v>ieties :i* at fir/ seem to h little 9 common4 ,to beg9 )1 all ^? ca/ 9 ! conv5tional symphonic mold--! ?ree symphonies1 ! eight conc]tos1 ?ree = viol9 & five = piano1 & mo/ ( ! *amb]-music--are sev]ely1 at times almo/ aridly1 classical 9 conception & execution4 ,!y are absolute music ( ! mo/ unequivocal sort4 ,!y dep5d = _! effect on cle> =m1 well-calculat$ symmetry1 traditional ?\gh int]e/+ melodic & h>monic treatm5t2 _! !mes are ( ! family ( ,haydn & ,moz>t2 _! /ructure is t p]fect$ by ,bee?ov52 _! or*e/ration is skillful b unobtrusive1 a transp>5t m$ium r ?an a ri* mat]ial g>m5t4 ,9 a ^w1 !y are v pure examples 9 music ( a type ( art--! ,fr5* classic or pseudo-classic type--:i* ga9s little f ri*ness ( mat]ial or v>iety ( sugge/ion1 :i* dep5ds = its appeal on cl>ity & symmetry ( =m & on clean workman%ip 9 /yle4 ,b1 9 addition to ^! conv5tional works1 ,sa9t-,sans has produc$ a :ole museum ( exotics1 9 :i* 8 aim is to del9eate passions1 peoples1 & places4 ,!re are ! f\r ,symphonic ,poems1 = example1 ! ,r\et d',omphale1 ,phaton1 ! ,danse ,macabre1 & ,la ,jeunesse d',h]cule1 9 :i* he assumes ! rle ( /ory-tell]4 ,9 ! ,nuit ,lisbonne1 ! ,jota ,aragonese1 & ! ,rapsodie d',auv]gne1 he makes a t\r 9 s\!rn ,europe2 9 ! ,suite ,alg]i5ne he portrays ! des]ts ab\t ,algi]s1 & 9 8 opus #hi he gives u a fantasy ( odd rhy?ms & outl&i% tonalities suppos$ to introduce u to ,africa4 ,no?+ c\ld seem1 at ! fir/ blu%1 m diametrically opposite to ! pseudo-classic works ?an ^! exotics1 :i* among _! academic bro!rs recall ! ,k+ ( ,bahonag> at ,cambridge4 ,yet bo? k9ds1 aft] all1 :5 "o looks m closely1 are products ( ! widely que/+ intellig5ce1 ^: int]e/s are dramatic r ?an p]sonal4 ,!y h ?is 9 common1 t nei!r is ( prim>ily emotional orig91 t bo? are expressions ( a m9d objective & al]tly obs]vant4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 !m is t 9 ! "o case ?is obs]vation takes = object ! purely musical _w ( tones1 & 9 ! o!r nature's _w ( p]sons1 nations1 races1 & climates4 ,b :e!r he is seek+ a piquant rhy?m or a curi\s turn ( h>mony1 or sket*+ 8 impression ( ,spa9 or ,egypt1 ,sa9t-,sans is always ! onlook]1 ! man ( ! _w1 nev] ! my/ic :o contemplates 9 8 own he>t ! =ces t und]lie ! univ]se4 ,/rong te/imony f ! man himself to ! tru? ( ?is view is indirectly af=d$ by 8 essay on ,liszt1 an essay :i* is fur!rmore notewor?y z conta9+ 9 half a doz5 s5t5ces ! ess5tial tru?s ( t vex$ "q ( programme-music4 ,he is1 to beg9 )1 z ass]tive z we %\ld expect ( ! necessity1 9 all music1 ( absolute beauty4 ,is ! music itself1 he says1 good or bad8 ,all is !re4 ,:e!r or no x has a programme1 x w n be1 = t1 bett] or worse4 ,?us f> speaks ! au?or ( ! symphonies1 ! conc]tos1 & ! *amb]-works4 ,! compos] ( ! symphonic poems & ! geographical pieces cont9ues3 ,b h[ mu* great] is ! *>m :5 to ! purely musical pleasure is add$ t ( ! imag9ation c\rs+ )\t hesitation ov] a det]m9$ pa?4444 ,all ! faculties ( ! s\l are put 9 play at once1 & t[>d ! same end4 ,i c see well :at art ga9s f ?is1 ,i _c see :at x loses4 ,"h speaks1 recognizably en\gh1 ! ,fr5*man4 ,9 t phrase ab\t ! imag9ation c\rs+ )\t hesitation ov] a det]m9$ pa? /&s cle>ly reveal$ ! dramatic po9t ( view *>act]i/ic ( ,fr5* art1 :i* is always devot$ to ! spectacle ( life r ?an to ! elem5tal passions :i* und]lie x4 ,! satisfactions ,sa9t-,sans f9ds 9 music are ^? ( ! =mal musical s5se & ( ! imag9ation c\rs+ a det]m9$ pa?2 ( ! emotional satisfaction :i* music gives s g5]\sly he has no?+ to say4 ,to take ano!r in/ance1 h[ admirably logical & h[ adequate to ! composition1 :i* = all its picturesque grace leaves "o cold1 is ! programme he app5ds to ! ,r\et d',omphale4 ,! subject ( ?is symphonic poem1 he writes1 is fem99e s$uction1 ! triumph ( weakness ov] /r5g?4 ,! sp9n+-:eel is b a pretext1 *os5 solely ) a view to ! rhy?m & ! g5]al effect ( ! piece4 ,^? int]e/$ 9 ! /udy ( details w see at page #ai1 ,h]cules groan+ "u ! bonds he _c break1 & at page #cb ,omphale laugh+ at ! va9 ef=ts ( ! h]o4 ,bo? programme & piece are ! creations ( a ke5 intellig5ce :i* records its obs]vations ) accuracy & skill1 b makes no p]sonal revelation1 c>es n to contemplate itself1 & is mov$ by no deep & p]haps vague1 b nev]!less creative1 emotion4 ,lack ( emotion1 !n1 is ! s]i\s defect ( ?is ma/]4 ,& 9 a musician x is 9 tru? s]i\s4 ,emotion is ! life blood ( ! musical organism2 )\t x all ! memb]s may be %apely1 well ord]$1 highly f9i%$1 b all w be cold & lifeless4 ,s x is ) mu* ( ?is clev] craftsman's "w4 ,too (t5 !re is graceful melody1 arre/+ h>mony1 +5i\s rhy?m1 b none ( ! passion ne$$ to fuse & transfigure !m4 ,impassion$ vocal utt]ance1 ! song elem5t 9 music1 is seldom he>d f ,sa9t-,sans4 ,9 ! classic works he manipulates1 9 ! exotic pieces he depicts2 n[h]e does he speak4 ,b to speak1 to voice deep feel+ directly1 ?\gh ) ! re/ra9t necess>y to pla/ic beauty1 is ! aim & ! ju/ification ( music4 ,complex z ! art has become 9 our day1 ! ess5ce ( x is /ill1 z x ev] mu/ be1 emotional expression2 & ?\gh mod]n compos]s s+ broad] songs ?an ! fir/ musicians1 & s+ !m on in/rum5ts r ?an ) ! voice1 !y mu/ equally s+1 & _! song mu/ proce$ f _! he>ts if x is to t\* ! he>ts ( o!rs4 ,h5ce ,sa9t-,sans1 :5 comp>$ ) a man ( passionate e>ne/ness l ,cs> ,franck1 or ,s*umann1 or ,wagn]1 inevitably seems sup]ficial4 ,pieces l 8 ,b-m9or ,viol9 ,conc]to1 ) its elaborate classical ma*9]y1 its well-plann$ contra/s & brilliant effects1 & ! va/ ,symphony 9 ,c-m9or1 9 :i* ! !me und]goes su* wond]fully skillful manipulation1 seem s little ! expression ( a p]sonal impulse t we cat* ourselves wond]+ :y he wrote !m4 ,else:]e1 to be sure1 z 9 ! ,&ante ( ! ',cello ,sonata1 8 v virtuosity a*ieves su* noble effects t we =get ! h&-made quality ( ! "w4 ,b x is seldom inde$ t1 subord9at+ workman%ip entirely1 he gives u a g5u9e song ( feel+1 su* z ! second !me ( ! ,f9ale 9 ?is ,sonata4 ,! lift & impetus ( ?is beautiful !me emphasizes by contra/ ! emotional empt9ess ( ! +5i\s web t surr\nds x4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 we may ) propriety recognize ! lack ( p]sonal ardor 9 ,sa9t-,sans t r$uces ! song elem5t 9 8 music to a m9imum1 x w\ld be a sad mi/ake to exagg]ate ! limitation or to =get t f ano!r & p]haps an equally valid po9t ( view he is a great musician4 ,h[ev] he may fall %ort z a melodi/1 he is a pa/-ma/] ( rhy?m & h>mony1 sph]es 9 :i* feel+ c\nts = less1 logic = m4 ,8 h>monic /yle is em95tly lucid4 ,to him a *ord is "p ( an organism1 n a bit ( color or a phase ( feel+4 ,a s]ies ( *ords has = him all ! t5d5cy1 ! direction1 & ! self-fulfillm5t ( a s5t5ce ( words2 to omit or to *ange "o w\ld be l /rik+ out a pr$icate or an object--! s5t5ce w\ld n p>se4 ,he uses mo/ ^? *ords :i* po9t 9 a def9ite direction1 :i* c>ry 9 !mselves1 s to speak1 ! indication = _! fulfillm5t--! dom9ant & second>y sev5?s1 & susp5sions ( triads4 ,he avoids ! vague & ! ambigu\s4 ,& al?\gh he is a lov] ( novel h>monic effects1 & an +5i\s inv5tor ( !m1 ! novelty is always a new =m1 n a new =mlessness4 ,8 modulation1 too1 is ( an extreme cl>ity3 he nev] falls into a new key1 s to speak1 z ,dvok does2 he proce$s ?i!r4 ,b ev5 m /rik+ ?an ! cle>ness ( 8 h>mony is ! tr5*ant p]spicuity ( 8 rhy?m4 ,! s5se ( rhy?m is p]haps ! prime crit]ion ( intellectuality 9 a compos]4 ,= j z det]m9ations ( acc5t & measure1 su* z occur 9 ! dances ( ! mo/ primeval savages1 7 und\bt$ly ! e>lie/ means ( =mulat+ ! cries & wails ( emotion :i* und]lie all musical expression1 s ?r\gh\t musical hi/ory rhy?m has be5 ! *ief =mative or rationaliz+ ag5t1 & a vivid s5se ( x has always *>act]iz$ ! m intellectual musicians4 ,! dream]s & ! s5tim5tali/s are nev] fa/idi\s ( acc5t2 x is ! cle>1 active m9ds :o delight 9 precise met]4 ,q inevitable to a man ( ,sa9t-,sans's temp]am5t1 !n1 is ! in/9ct = /rong1 v>i\s & subtle rhy?ms t 8 compositions reveal at e page4 ,"o disc]ns x 9 8 fondness = pizzicato effects & = ! p]cussion in/rum5ts1 bo? ( :i* emphasize ! acc5t4 ,& 8 devotion to ! piano1 :i* he uses m 9 comb9ation ) o!r in/rum5ts ?an almo/ any o!r compos]1 is d\btless due to ! fact t x comp5sates = its lack ( su/a9$ tone by a special incisiv5ess ( attack4 ,ano!r significant peculi>ity is ! %ort gr\ps ( repeat$ notes t occur s (t5 9 8 writ+s z to be a mann]ism4 ,!y are f\nd1 = example1 9 ! f\r? ( 8 ,v>iations on a ,!me ( ,bee?ov51 opus #ce1 9 ! s*]z&o section ( ,africa1 at ! op5+ ( ! ,trio1 opus #ib1 9 ! accompanim5t ( ! well-kn[n air f ,samson et ,dalila1 ,mon cur s'ouvre ta voix1 & 9 ! ?ird ( ! ,six tudes1 opus #eb4 ,! effect ( ?is device1 :i* ?r[s a /rong emphasis on ! fir/ ( ! reit]at$ notes1 is a peculi> rhy?mic sali5ce4 ,aga91 on ! pr9ciple t m9or irregul>ities 9 a regul> plan br+ out all ! m cle>ly ! l>g] ord]l9ess1 ,sa9t-,sans loves to alt]nate gr\ps ( f\r notes ) gr\ps ( ?ree1 or ?ree ) two1 & to displace 8 acc5t entirely by syncopation1 :i*1 :5 prop]ly h&l$1 deep5s ! ideal /ress by sett+ ! actual 9 competition ) x4 ,9 all ^! & c\ntless o!r ways are reveal$ ! accuracy & virtuosity ( intellect t di/+ui% ?is brilliant ,fr5*man4 ,cle>ness ( =m is1 on ! :ole1 s mu* r>] 9 mod]n music ?an weal? ( mean+1 t ! art 9 our day has peculi> ne$ ( su* work]s4 ,_! (fice is to make u rememb]1 9 our welt] ( emotion1 ! p]5nial delightfulness ( ord] & control4 ,!y are ! apologi/s ( reason1 )\t :i* feel+1 h[ev] noble1 mu/ become futile1 in>ticulate4 ,9 _! precise1 well-con/ruct$ works we f9d a relief f ! dissipat+ effects ( m]e passion4 ,we brea! !re a s]5e1 if a some:at r>efi$1 atmosph]e4 ,( ?is classic lucidity ,sa9t-,sans is a great ma/]4 ,h[ev] dry he may sometimes be1 he is nev] turgid2 h[ev] sup]ficial 8 ?\ght1 x is nev] vague2 he (f]s u 8 arti/ic sweets nev] 9 ! =m ( syrup--he ref9es & cry/allizes !m4 ,if1 !n1 we ( a race emotionally pr(\nd] & m5tally m diffuse f9d 8 music sometimes empty = all its skill1 we mu/ n = t reason und]rate ! s]vice he does = music by insi/+ on articulat5ess 9 feel+1 logic 9 developm5t1 & punctili\s f9esse 9 workman%ip4 ,,bibliographical ,,note4--,sa9t-,sans's be/ or*e/ral works are arrang$ n only = f\r h&s1 b = two play]s at two pianos1 a comb9ation ( :i* he is extremely fond4 ,x is int]e/+ to play 9 ?is way ! f\r symphonic poems1 ,la ,r\et d',omphale1 ,phaton1 ! ,danse ,macabre1 & ,la ,jeunesse d',h]cule4 ,! five ,piano ,conc]tos are also excell5t4 ,! symphonies are r dry4 ,( ! *amb]-music1 ! ',cello ,sonata1 op4 #cb1 & ! ,viol9 ,sonatas1 op4 #ge & #ajb1 are p>ticul>ly good4 ,! piano music is less orig9al1 be+ = ! mo/ "p pseudo-classic 9 conception & /yle4 ,?us ! ,suite1 op4 #ij1 is l a suite ( ,ba*'s ) ! s9c]ity tak5 out4 ,on ! :ole ! ,six tudes1 op4 #eb1 & ! ,album ( six pieces1 op4 #gb1 are bett] wor? /udy4 ,! =m] conta9s two able fugues1 ! latt] an odd ,c>illon 9 #g-d "t & an attractive ,valse4 ,!re is *>m 9 ,les ,clo*es du ,soir1 op4 #he1 & also 9 a well-kn[n melody1 )\t opus-numb]1 call$ ,le ,cygne4 ,sa9t-,sans has little p[] z a song-writ]2 ^? :o wi% to realize ?is = !mselves1 may pur*ase ! ,s*irm] ,album ( fifte5 ( 8 songs4 ,to 8 num]\s op]as no ref]5ce is made 9 ! pres5t essay1 ! subject ( :i* is 8 contribution to pure music4 ,v ,c,,s> ,,franck ,illu/ration3 ,c,,s> ,,franck ,v ,c,,s> ,,franck ,:5 we turn f ! brilliant ,p>isian we h be5 /udy+ to t obscure & sa9tly man1 ,cs> ,franck1 ! only ,fr5* contempor>y ( ,sa9t-,sans :o is wor?y to be rank$ ) him z a great compos]1 we c h>dly believe ourselves 9 ! same c\ntry or epo*4 ,x is z if we 7 sudd5ly transport$ f mod]n ,p>is into "s m$ival mona/]y1 to :i* ! noise ( ! _w nev] p5etrates1 :]e no?+ breaks ! sil5ce save ! songs ( wor%ip & ! deep note ( ! organ4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ?is dev\t my/ic ! s\nds ( cities & peoples fade away1 & we are alone ) ! s\l & ,god4 ,we h pass$ f ! noonday gl>e ( ! intellect1 9 :i* objects /& =? %>p & h>d1 into ! s(t ca!dral twilight ( religi\s emotion2 & putt+ aside our ord9>y ?\ghts we commune = a "t ) deep] intuitions4 ,or1 aga91 x is l clos+ a volume ( ,ta9e & tak+ up ,maet]l9ck4 ,f ! /reets & ! draw+-room we pass into ! cloi/]1 :]e dwell no long] m5 & ?+s1 b all ! intangible pres5ces ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,we close our eyes on ! pageant ( exp]i5ce1 to reop5 !m 9 ! dim inn] light ( introspection1 :]e1 if we may believe ! my/ics1 !y w behold a tru] reality4 ,! temp]am5t ( ,franck is ?us at ! opposite pole f t preh5sile ,gallic temp]am5t s well exemplifi$ 9 ,sa9t-,sans1 & we %\ld f9d ! juxtaposition ( ! two m5 z ! greate/ ,fr5* compos]s ( _! "t highly p]plex+ did we n rememb] t1 9 spite ( 8 almo/ lifelong resid5ce 9 ,p>is1 ,cs> ,franck 0 by bir? & blood1 l ,maet]l9ck1 ) :om he has s mu* 9 common1 a ,belgian4 ,exactly h[ mu* ! peculi> *>act]s ( ^! m5 7 inh]it$ f _! race x is ( c\rse impossible to say2 b any "o :o has se5 ! placid faces ( ! ,belgian peasants1 ) _! calm1 almo/ bov9e look ( cont5tm5t1 mu/ recognize !re a trait t ne$s only ! p[] ( articulation to produce a natural religion ( feel+1 or my/icism1 l t ( ,cs> ,franck & ,maet]l9ck4 ,x 0 ! same sort ( self-suffici5t s]5ity1 ! anti!sis ( ,sa9t-,sans's busy worldl9ess1 t det]m9$ ! c\rse ( ,franck's life1 s obscure1 s unev5tful1 s dom9at$ by high spiritual purpose4 ,cs>-,augu/e ,franck 7x 0 an inapt "n = s pacific a be+7 0 born 9 #ahbb1 at ,lige1 ,belgium4 ,!re he made 8 fir/ musical /udies1 b w5t to ,p>is at fifte5 to /udy 9 ! ,cons]vatory4 ,?\gh )\t ! precocity ( le petit ,sa9t-,sans1 he mu/ h be5 a solid musician at sixte51 = 9 a te/ t took place 9 ,july1 #ahch1 he transpos$ a piece at sight d[n a ?ird1 play+ x avec un brio rem>quable1 & 0 aw>d$ ! fir/ gr& prize ( honor at 8 graduation 9 #ahdb4 ,=ego+ ! c>e] ( a conc]t piani/1 :i* 8 fa!r wi%$ him to pursue1 repudiat+ ) horror & disgu/1 z "o ( 8 biograph]s has x1 ! brilliant noise-mak+ t p long mi/ook = music1 he turn$ = a livelihood to t labori\s "w ( tea*+ :i* he pursu$ all ! re/ ( 8 life ) pati5t fidelity4 ,he seems to h be5 an almo/ ideal tea*]1 long-suff]+ ) ! dull pupils1 pa9/ak+ & g5]\s ) ! able ones1 provok+ en?usiasm 9 all by 8 contagi\s love = art & 8 receptivity to ideas4 ,9 a degree t is r>e ev5 among ! be/ tea*]s1 he comb9$ endurance & vivacity4 ,giv+1 all 8 life1 f eight to t5 lessons a day1 _m ( !m1 ev5 aft] he _h made 8 reputation1 9 girls' bo>d+-s*ools & p5sions ( ! usual we>isome sort1 he yet reta9$ vitality to imp>t to ! be/ m9ds ( ! pres5t g5]ation ( ,fr5* compos]s4 ,?\gh aft] tea*+ all day1 (t5 n return+ home until supp]-"t1 he w\ld 9 ! ev5+ give correspond5ce lessons to pupils 9 ! prov9ces1 & ?\gh ev5 ! ,sundays 7 fill$ ) 8 duties z organi/ & *oirma/]1 /ill he (t5 f\nd "t to assemble 8 favorite pupils1 & to discuss ) !m1 z if ) p]fect equals1 _! ex]cises & 8 own works4 ,"o ( ^! pupils1 ,m4 ,v9c5t d',indy1 has describ$ h[ pre ,franck1 z !y call$ him1 w\ld play !m 8 *oral compositions1 s++ all ! vocal p>ts 9 a t]rible voice2 & h[ he w\ld sit at ! piano1 fix+ ) tr\bl$ gaze "s (f5d+ passage 9 an ex]cise1 murmur+ anxi\sly1 ,je n'aime pas 444 ,je n'aime pas1 until p]haps x grew to seem p]missible1 & ) 8 bright smile he c\ld cry a ,j'aime6 ,?anks to 8 e>ne/ desire to appreciate :atev] 0 good1 controll$ z x 0 by a sev]ely classical ta/e1 he c\ld make 8 /ud5ts good workm5 & /]n critics )\t p>alyz+ _! individual g5ius4 ,he 0 ?or\gh )\t be+ rigid1 & respect$ le>n]s z mu* z he rev]$ ! ma/]s4 ,naturally1 ! le>n]s1 9 _! turn1 felt = _! ,pat] s]aphicus1 z !y nam$ him1 an almo/ filial affection4 ,emmanuel ,*abri]1 speak+ ov] ,franck's grave1 9 ,montr\ge ,cemet]y1 voic$ ! feel+s ( !m all :5 he said t ?is 0 n m]ely an admirable arti/1 b ! de> regrett$ ma/]1 ! mo/ g5tle1 mode/1 & wise4 ,he 0 ! model1 he 0 ! example4 ,= ?irty-two ye>s1 t is to say1 f #aheh until 8 dea?1 ,franck 0 organi/ ( ! glise ,/e4 ,clotilde1 :]e 8 play+ mu/ h be5 an endless inspiration to all :o he>d him1 ?\gh 8 mode/y kept him p]sonally inconspicu\s4 ,"o likes to ?9k ( ?is quiet1 dev\t musician1 animat$ by ! pure/ religi\s en?usiasm1 advanc+ ye> by ye> 9 ma/]y ( 8 art1 produc+ )\t o/5tation works ( a novel & radical beauty4 ,few ( 8 li/5]s c\ld h conceiv$ t "o s b5ignant & c\rte\s1 b s easily =gott51 0 mak+ himself a =ce t mod]n music c\ld n =get4 ,!y1 :o saw only ! husk ( ! man1 c\ld n guess :at treasures ( humanity & g5ius x conceal$4 ,m4 d',indy well describes ! two aspects4 ,any "o1 he says1 :o _h enc\nt]$ ?is be+ 9 ! /reet1 ) 8 coat too l>ge1 8 tr\s]s too %ort1 8 grimac+ & preoccupi$ face fram$ 9 8 some:at gray :isk]s1 w\ld n h believ$ 9 ! trans=mation t took place :51 at ! piano1 he expla9$ & comm5t$ on "s beautiful "w ( art1 or :51 at ! organ1 he put =? 8 inspir$ improvisations4 ,!n ! music envelop$ him l an aureole2 !n "o c\ld n fail to be /ruck by ! consci\s w express$ 9 ! m\? & *91 by ! almo/ sup]human k 9 8 glance2 !n only w\ld "o obs]ve ! ne>ly p]fect lik5ess ( 8 l>ge =ehead to t ( ,bee?ov54 ,& ,m4 ,d]epas has ! foll[+ p>agraph 9 ! same t5or3 ,x 0 !re1 be=e ! keybo>ds1 8 agile & p[]ful feet ^u ! p$als1 t x 0 necess>y to see ,cs> ,franck4 ,8 beautiful head ) its f9ely develop$ br[ cr[n$ ) naturally curl+ hair1 8 pr(\nd & contemplative expression1 8 features m>k$ )\t exagg]ation1 8 full1 well-cut m\? brea?+ heal?1 444 all we>+ ! aureole ( g5ius & ( fai?--x 0 l a vision ( ano!r age 9 /rong contra/ ) ! turbul5ces ( ! day4 ,if "o is sometimes sorry t ,franck _h to sp5d s mu* "t tea*+1 "o _c1 9 ! face ( su* descriptions z ^!1 regret ! h\rs he pass$ 9 ! glise ,/e4 ,clotilde4 ,its atmosph]e 0 native to 8 g5ius1 :i* 0 n only religi\s1 b ev5 ecclesia/ical4 ,9 he>+ 8 musique ca?dralesque1 z ,sa9t-,sans well call$ x1 "o c almo/ see ! pill>s & ar*es1 ! pure c&le-flames & ! b[$ peasants at pray]4 ,x 0 9 ! sp>e mom5ts ( ?is full life t ,franck f\nd "t to write 8 extraord9>y music4 ,e morn+1 w9t] & summ]1 ris+ at six1 he set aside two h\rs = :at he expressively call$ 8 own "w4 ,!n1 aft] breakfa/1 came ! day's tea*+1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he w\ld jot d[n ideas t occurr$ to him1 record+ p]haps eight measures1 & turn+ aga9 to ! pupil4 ,9 ! ev5+s1 :5 !re 7 n correspond5ce-lessons to write1 or rehe>sals1 he (t5 got out 8 manuscripts once m2 & 8 %ort summ] vacations 7 giv5 entirely to composition4 ,all ! m rem>kable is ?is indomitability :5 we rememb] t he lack$ n only ! /imulus ( public success1 b = a long :ile ev5 ! impetus ( hav+ def9itely succe$$ 9 8 own eyes1 s new 7 8 ideas & s difficult ! te*nique !y requir$4 ,v few compos]s h matur$ s late4 ,?\gh he wrote 9 8 y\? "s trios1 & lat] a ,mass1 8 fir/ really individual "w1 ,ru?1 0 writt5 :5 he 0 ne>ly fifty2 ,les olides1 8 e>lie/ or*e/ral composition1 0 produc$ 9 #ahgg1 :5 he 0 fifty-five2 ,les ,beatitudes1 9 "s respects 8 ma/]piece1 0 n f9i%$ until #ahhj1 ?\gh begun m ?an t5 ye>s be=e2 & all 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic "w 9 pure music1 z1 = example1 ! ,prelude1 ,*oral1 & ,fugue & ! ,prelude1 ,aria1 & ,f9ale = piano1 ! ?ree wond]ful ,*orals = organ1 ! ,viol9 ,sonata1 ! ,qu>tet1 ! ,qu9tet1 & ! ,symphony1 date f ! la/ decade ( 8 life4 ,9 a day :5 e h>mony-/ud5t it*es to give ! _w a symphony1 x is h>d to admire too mu* ! arti/ic self-respect t kept ,franck a non5tity = ye>s1 to make him at la/ a ma/]4 ,mean:ile1 ( c\rse1 he _h to endure neglect4 ,probably mo/ ( 8 acqua9tances %>$ ! impression put into words by a ,p>is publi%] to :om ,m4 ,s]vires (f]$ an essay ab\t him4 ,oh1 monsieur1 cri$ ?is g5tleman1 ,i rememb] ,cs> ,franck p]fectly4 ,a man :o 0 always 9 a hurry1 always sob]ly dress$ 9 black1 & :o wore 8 tr\s]s too %ort6444 ,organi/ at ,sa9te ,clotilde4 ,x seems t he 0 a great musician1 little kn[n to ! public4 ,r h>d] to expla9 is ! lack ( appreciation :i* 9 #ahhj l$ ^? 9 p[] at ! ,cons]vatory1 :]e ,franck 0 already organ pr(essor1 to give ! *air ( composition !n left vacant1 n to him1 b to ,lo ,delibes1 ! writ] ( ballet-music4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ pa!tic result ( ! g5]al indiff]5ce to ,franck 0 t 8 ma/]piece c\ld nev] be giv5 a complete p]=mance dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,les ,beatitudes 0 fir/ giv5 entire 9 #ahic1 ?ree ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,:5 he receiv$ ! ,legion ( ,honor 9 #ahhf1 he said sorr[fully to a fri5d1 ,yes1 my fri5d1 !y honor me--z a ,pr(essor4 ,t is ! "o rep9+ ^w ( 8 t is record$4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be a mi/ake to suppose t ,franck's fell[-m5 notic$ no?+ b 8 %ort tr\s]s1 or t 9 8 high arti/ic ef=t he 0 entirely )\t sympa?y4 ,few m5 h be5 m =tunate 9 _! fri5ds4 ,! love & v5]ation ( 8 _m pupils1 & ( su* m5 z ,*abri]1 ,pi]n1 & ,faur1 made an atmosph]e 9 :i* 8 he>t exp&$ & 8 ambition grew4 ,"o ( ?is gr\p ( admir]s tells h[ !y w\ld surr\nd him on 8 return to ,p>is 9 ! autumn1 to ask :at he _h done1 :at he _h to %[4 ,v\s v]rez1 repondait-il--! ,fr5* alone c r5d] ! ende>+ vanity & navet ( 8 reply--v\s v]rez1 repondait-il en pr5ant un air my/]ieux1 v\s v]rez2 je crois que v\s s]ez cont5t4444 ,j'ai beauc\p travaill et bi5 travaill4 ,x 0 a simil>ly frank & guileless self-satisfaction t made him app>5tly unaw>e ( ! coldness ( 8 audi5ces1 :o 7 g5]ally puzzl$ or bor$4 ,happy1 z ,m4 d',indy records1 9 hav+ giv5 8 fri5ds ! pleasure ( he>+ him play 8 own compositions1 9 spite ( ! scanty applause he nev] fail$ to b[ pr(\ndly4 ,?us untr\bl$ by ! indiff]5ce ( ! cr[d1 surr\nd$ by a few m5 :o gave him _! w>m & discrim9at+ admiration1 & inspir$ by a g5ius peculi>ly exalt$ & dis9t]e/$1 b5t on beauty alone1 & sup]ior to petty jeal\sies1 ,cs> ,franck liv$ 8 quiet1 fruitful1 & happy life4 ,he di$ at ,p>is 9 #ahij4 ,! la/ anecdote we h ( him tells ( 8 f9d+ /r5g?1 f\r days be=e 8 dea?1 to praise ! ,samson et ,dalila ( ,sa9t-,sans1 !n runn+ at ! ,?tre ,lyrique4 ,i see him yet1 says ,m4 ,ar?ur ,coqu>d1 turn+ t[>ds me 8 poor suff]+ face to say vivaci\sly & ev5 joyfully1 9 ! vibrant tones t 8 fri5ds "k1 'trs beau1 trs beau4' ,! words1 express+ t pure love ( art :i* animat$ 8 :ole c>e]1 lodge 9 ! m9d ( "o :o /udies x1 toge!r ) ^? o!r words ( 81 :i* none ev] _h a bett] "r to use1 ,j'ai beauc\p travaill et bi5 travaill4 ,x has be5 necess>y to dwell at "s l5g? on ,franck's life & "* because !y ?r[ s mu* light on 8 music4 ,to an unusual degree x is ! expression ( himself1 full ( 8 peculi> contemplative emotion4 ,! h>monic backgr\nd is ri*1 somb]1 & vague1 l ! prevail+ mood ( a religi\s devotee2 f x con/antly em]ge phrases ( song1 phrases ( ! mo/ poignant aspiration1 l passions 9 a dream1 voic+ ^? int5se yet elusive feel+s :i* irradiate none b introspective m9ds4 ,!y are l ! cries ( human lov]s 9 a _w ( sil5ce & my/]y1 or1 bett]1 !y are ! cries ( a f9ite s\l t ye>ns = ,god & f9ds him n4 ,"o feels always 9 ,franck's music ! trag$y ( ! f9ite & ! inf9ite4 ,^? grop+1 %ift+ h>monies1 above :i* ! pa!tic fragm5ts ( melody con/antly s\nd = a mom5t1 someh[ irresi/ibly sugge/ ! great unkn[n univ]se 9 :i* m5's little lives are act$4 ,all is vague save ! mom5t>y feature1 & t presses on t[>ds a fulfillm5t t p]petually eludes x4 ,all %ifts & passes1 save only t nev]-ceas+ mood ( aspiration1 t re/less /riv+ ( ! fragm5t = completion4 ,spiritual unre/ is ! *>act]i/ic quality ( ?is music--! unre/ ( a _s pure & ard5t b =ev] unsatisfi$4 ,n[1 x is p]haps n too fanta/ic to f9d 9 ! m+l$ vagu5ess & poignancy ( ?is music ! prop] arti/ic expression ( my/icism4 ,s mu/ a my/ic express himself4 ,= x is *>act]i/ic ( ! my/ical temp]am5t to ye>n = ideal satisfactions1 b to f9d none 9 f9ite =ms4 ,my/icism1 9 fact1 is "o ( ! ways ( solv+1 or p]haps we %\ld say ( ignor+1 t primal & protean my/]y ( human life1 ! conflict betwe5 ideal ne$s & actual facts4 ,realism meets x by d5y+ ! ne$s & exalt+ ! facts2 idealism attempts to mold ! real into con=mity ) ! ideal1 ( c\rse ) v p>tial success4 ,! my/ic1 too e>ne/ to foll[ ! reali/ic me?od1 too impati5t to endure ! plodd+ progress ( idealism1 cuts ! ,gordian knot by disc>d+ ! actual altoge!r4 ,he pron\nces x too inela/ic1 too con/rict+1 & disp5ses ) x4 ,he hugs ! ideal to 8 he>t1 b c see no virtue 9 ! real4 ,actualities1 objects1 ev5ts1 & =ms :i* to ! ideali/ are preci\s if only p>tial expressions ( spiritual values1 are to him :olly recalcitrant1 :olly ext]nal & illusory4 ,! really preci\s ?+1 he says1 is some?+ transc5d5t1 some?+ remote1 some?+ t _c transpire 9 ev5ts or body itself 9 =ms1 because x is inf9ite & complete1 :ile ^! are f9ite1 brok51 & limit$4 ,h5ri-,frdric ,amiel1 a man peculi>ly dom9at$ by ?is way ( view+ ?+s1 wrote 9 8 ,j\rnal1 ,no?+ f9ite is true1 is int]e/+1 is wor?y to fix my att5tion4 ,all t is p>ticul> is exclusive1 & all t is exclusive repels me4 ,!re is no?+ non-exclusive b ! ,all2 my end is communion ) ,be+ ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,be+4 ,n[1 :atev] may be ! m]its ( ?is po9t ( view1 x obvi\sly involves a c]ta9 degree ( arti/ic failure4 ,! my/ic _c be entirely successful 9 art4 ,= art dep5ds on organization 9 def9ite =ms1 & ! my/ic rejects all p>ticul> =ms z f9ite4 ,reality1 ! pres5t1 ! irrep>able1 ! necess>y1 writes ,amiel1 repel & ev5 t]rify me4444 ,! life ( ?\ght alone seems to me to h en\gh ela/icity & imm5sity1 to be free en\gh f ! irrep>able2 practical life makes me afraid4 ,accord+ly1 m5 ( ?is temp]am5t are defeat$ 9 _! se>* = beauty by an unconqu]able %yness ( all its inc>nations4 ,!y fe> t 9 def9+ _! fancy !y w vulg>ize x4 ,x is _! fate to long = an all-inclusive =m 9 a _w :]e =ms are mutually exclusive1 to /rive to utt] tru? 9 "o great ^w1 :5 ev5 ! %orte/ s5t5ce mu/ occupy "t4 ,amiel himself is a pa!tic example ( ! my/ic's de/9y 9 art4 ,haunt$ all 8 life by ! vision ( inf9ite beauty1 ! conception ( absolute tru?1 he c\ld nev] br+ himself to accept ! limitations ( all human p]=mance1 & 8 tal5t 0 almo/ z unproductive z x 0 exalt$4 ,he nev] c\ld embody 8 aspirations4 ,tantaliz+ him ) ! sugge/ion ( sup]nal beauties1 !y resi/$ all 8 ef=ts to come up ) & embrace !m1 because he d5i$ himself ! use ( ^? def9ite =ms 9 :i* alone1 h[ev] inadequately1 ideals c be realiz$4 ,9 _m respects ,cs> ,franck is ! analogue 9 music ( ,amiel 9 lit]ature4 ,t vague ri*ness ( 8 emotional tone1 :i* l a d>k backgr\nd ( night is con/antly light$ up by meteoric outbur/s ( passion1 is /rangely l ! somb] moraliz+s & speculations1 9 ! ,j\rnal ,intime1 among :i* ,amiel's cries ( spiritual pa91 d\bt1 & long+ /& out ) su* sudd51 poignant pa?os4 ,franck has 9 common ) ,amiel ! my/ic's long+ = ideal satisfactions1 & ! my/ic's di/ru/ ( all f9ite means ( atta9+ !m4 ,he1 too1 is afraid ( ! =ms ( practical life1 ( ! conv5tional devices ( musical /ructure & ! types evolv$ by tradition4 ,he avoids always ! obvi\s1 ! natural ev51 & gropes t[>d "s unatta9able ideal ( expression4 ,s great is 8 di/ru/ ( ! und]/ood1 ! accept$1 ! usual & intelligible1 t he is always leav+ ! beat5 track & roam+ afield aft] "s novel & untam$ beauty4 ,x w be wor? :ile to get to clos] qu>t]s ) ?is t5d5cy1 & to see exactly h[ x op]ates4 ,x is h>d to make ^? unacqua9t$ ) musical te*nique und]/& h[ mu* ( fixity !re is 9 ! musical idiom1 h[ def9ite are ! types ( musical =m1 h[ pot5t ! requisitions ( musical syntax4 ,yet1 )\t a s5se ( ?is fixity 9 ! mat]ial1 x is impossible to e/imate ju/ly ^? impulses & motives :i* may lead a compos] to violate usages & to disappo9t expectations4 ,9 ! matt] ( h>mony1 = in/ance1 !re are c]ta9 types ( proc$ure1 c]ta9 progressions & sequ5ces ( *ords1 t are z /able & uni=m z ! types ( animal or vegetable =m4 ,a horse1 a dog1 or a man is n a m def9ite organism ?an ! two *ords 9 ! ,am5 ( a hymn tune4 ,?is gr\p or clu/] ( two *ords1 l9k$ toge!r by a common tone held ov] f "o to ! o!r1 yet made di/9ct by progression ( ! o!r voices1 is typical ( a k9d ( h>monic =m t long usage has e/abli%$ z "p ( our m5tal furniture4 ,we are us$ to ?9k+ ( *ords ?us weld$ by a common tone1 & we dem& ?is sort ( coh]5ce 9 our h>monic progressions1 j z we dem& t a horse's body %all be furni%$ ) a horse's legs1 or t a transitive v]b %all h an object4 ,to be sure1 ?is p>ticul> sort ( clu/]1 9 :i* bo? *ords are1 z we say1 consonant1 is some:at less det]m9ate ?an ano!r sort :i* we %all describe pres5tly1 because1 s9ce all ! tones ( ! fir/ *ord are equally important1 any "o may be select$ z ! l9k1 & !re w be consequ5tly "s latitude 9 ! *oice ( ! second *ord1 :i* completes ! gr\p4 ,b )9 ^! limits ?is sort ( h>monic type is def9ite & fix$1 & t x is deeply +ra9$ 9 our mode ( ?\ght is prov$ by our horror ( consecutive octaves & fif?s1 ^? bugbe>s ( h>mony /ud5ts1 :i* are bad *iefly because !y are n compatible ) ! ret5tion ( a common l9k+ tone betwe5 ! two memb]s ( ! gr\p4 ,"h we h1 !n1 "o ( ^? fundam5tal h>monic =ms :i* are 9 music :at idioms or phrases are 9 language4 ,x is /rik+ h[ s$ul\sly ,cs> ,franck1 di/ru/ful ( ! def9ite1 ! conv5tional1 avoids !m4 ,comp>$ ) ! "w ( a ke5 rationali/ l ,sa9t-,sans1 8 music is curi\sly incoh]5t1 curi\sly loose-knit1 grop+1 & indet]m9ate4 ,8 pages are /udd$ ) dep>tures & evasions2 he delights 9 go+ "s o!r way ?an we expect1 or 9 writ+ *ords t d n give u ev5 any basis ( expectation4 ,consecutive octaves & fif?s1 s t]rible to lov]s ( cog5cy & sequ5ce1 are an especial feature ( 8 h>mony1 giv+ x t curi\s laps+ effect s *>act]i/ic & indescribable4 ,8 entire tone-mass has a trick ( slid+ bodily up or d[n1 :i* disconc]ts1 ev5 :ile x fasc9ates1 "o :o is accu/om$ to h>monic /ability4 ,! /ud5t ne$ only play ov] ! op5+ ( ! ,symphony or ! fir/ page ( ! ,/r+ ,qu>tet to feel t "h is a man :o treats traditions debonairly1 & :o ?us sugge/s novel beauties )\t def9+ !m4 ,equally irresponsible is he 9 8 treatm5t ( ano!r sort ( h>monic =m :i* is intr9sically ev5 m def9ite ?an ! clu/]s ( consonant *ords l ! ,am54 ,:5 !re is a dissonant tone 9 ! fir/ *ord1 a tone :i*1 hav+ slight ju/ification = be+1 presses urg5tly t[>d a neighbor+ tone 9 ! next *ord1 into :i* x is said to resolve1 !n ! clu/]1 z a :ole1 is ev5 m det]m9ate4 ,! dissonance introduces a t5sion t mu/ be reliev$ 9 "o def9ite way4 ,x involves its own resolution j z un/able equilibrium 9 a body involves its fall+ 9 ! direction ( ! greate/ pull4 ,! ali5 tone 9 ! *ord is got rid ( by ! pa? ( lea/ resi/ance2 x is a =eign elem5t t mu/ be dis*>g$4 ,s pot5t is ?is t5d5cy ( dissonant tones to resolve t x is "o ( ! *ief means ( vitaliz+ ! entire musical fabric4 ,unless music con/antly got out ( h>mony ) itself x w\ld no m progress ?an a man w\ld walk unless be=e ea* /ep he lo/ 8 balance4 ,x w\ld /agnate4 ,consid]1 = example1 ! la/ phrase ( t highly vitaliz$ tune1 ,! ,man t ,broke ! ,bank at ,monte ,c>lo4 ,no "o c\ld attribute /agnation to ?is phrase1 :atev] o!r faults he might f9d 9 x2 & its impetus is l>gely due to ! vigor ) :i* x l&s on ! dissonant *ord next be=e ! la/1 & ! consequ5t pull ( ?is *ord into ! la/4 ,try to conceive ( end+ )\t t la/ *ord1 t resolution 9 :i* ! =eign elem5t is dis*>g$ & all comes to re/4 ,x is told ( ,m5delssohn t he ru%$ d[n-/airs 9 8 night clo!s e>ly "o morn+ to resolve a dom9ant sev5? *ord 7su* z we h on ! syllable ,c>7 :i* "s waggi% fri5d /ruck & left uncomplet$4 ,m5delssohn 0 ( c\rse unusually s5sitive to h>monic law1 b x is n too mu* to draw f ?is incid5t ! conclusion t a *ord :i* c get a man out ( b$ 9 ! morn+ to resolve x mu/ pretty pot5tly sugge/ resolution4 ,dissonant *ords1 9 fact1 are any?+ b in]t elem5ts 9 ! *emi/ry ( h>monic composition4 ,!y h /rong aff9ities & comb9e p[]fully4 ,yet ,cs> ,franck is incl9$ ei!r to ignore ^! t5d5cies or to %ift !m into unexpect$ & circuit\s *annels4 ,! dissonant *ords1 ?\gh !y occur (t5 9 8 "w1 seldom take _! normal c\rse4 ,!y are l$ into new dissonances1 div]t$ to ali5 keys1 subject$ to +5i\s modifications1 & 9 all ways wre/$ f ! realm ( ! obvi\s4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! ,introduction to ! fir/ movem5t ( ! ,/r+ ,qu>tet1 = in/ance1 ! /ud5t w f9d dom9ant sev5?s mo/ int]e/+ly unfai?ful to _! family tradition1 & effect+ modulation ?r\gh di/ant keys4 ,simil> treatm5t w be f\nd on almo/ any page 9 ?is ,qu>tet1 9 ! ,qu9tet1 ! ,symphony1 & ! piano works4 ,?us1 ,franck n only goes c\nt] to ! less det]m9ate h>monic types 9 :i* bo? *ords are consonant1 b he loves to disappo9t our expectations :5 !y are /rongly e/abli%$ by dissonances4 ,no?+ is m *>act]i/ic ( him ?an ! =mal indef9it5ess ( 8 h>mony4 ,full z x is ( delici\s & unwont$ beauties1 x lacks accurate organization1 cl>ity & solidity ( *ord sequ5ce4 ,x is a web ( %ift+ tones1 )\t obvi\s int]relation%ip & inevitable progression4 ,:5 we turn to ,franck's treatm5t ( met] & rhy?m1 we get "s new side-lights on ! way 8 my/icism affects 8 music4 ,he is1 9 ! fir/ place1 noticeably lack+ 9 t vigor ( pulse1 t /rong acc5tuation1 :i* is ! delight ( active temp]am5ts4 ,he s+s con/antly1 almo/ nev] dances4 ,aft] a :ile ! int5sity ( ! song-l phrases1 s pack$ ) emotion1 becomes cloy+1 & we long = a little ( ! headlong1 ?\ghtless progress ( ,grieg & ,dvok4 ,we ne$ ! relaxation ( muscul> activity4 ,x w\ld be a relief to /op feel+ = a mom5t & be borne along on a wave ( p]fectly unemotional passage-"w4 ,b ,franck nev] relieves himself & 8 he>] by passages ( brisk motion 9 :i* ! int]e/ is entirely active2 he is1 s to speak1 a v s$5t>y compos]4 ,& s ! r>e beauties t /ud ! page lose some?+ by be+ set s ?ickly4 ,! ri*ness ( ,franck's emotional impulse is a disadvantage to 8 metrical /ructure4 ,! same ?+1 aga91 is true ( 8 rhy?m or phraseology4 ,we saw 9 ! ,introduction h[ elem5t>y metrical gr\ps--measures--7 built up into phrases & tunes1 & h[ ! /ronge/ syn!tic m9ds got ! greate/ v>iety & bread? ( phrase4 ,n[ ,franck's phras+1 l ,grieg's1 is ( ! primitive k9d t reveals lack ( m5tal conc5tration1 inability to build up wide & complex =ms4 ,draw a l9e across 8 /aff at e brea?+-po9t1 & y\r l9es w fall pretty regul>ly aft] ! measures ^: numb]s are multiples ( f\r4 ,try ! same ?+ ) ,bee?ov51 & !re w be no tell+ :]e ! l9es w come1 s v>i$ is ! phraseology4 ,9 comp>ison1 ,franck's !mes seem h>dly m ?an bundles ( motifs1 loosely ti$ toge!r4 ,& ( c\rse ?is effect is un=tunately re9=c$ by ! peculi>ities ( 8 h>mony4 ,h[ c\ld a !me hold itself toge!r 9 su* a kaleidoscope8 ,h[ c\ld x su/a9 itself on su* a tonal quicks&8 ,?us 8 tunes1 ri* z !y are 9 s+le phrases ( poignant beauty1 seldom develop mu* bread?4 ,!y />t out well1 b soon lose !mselves 9 ! web or fall into poorly weld$ segm5ts4 ,9 ! l>g] /ructural arrangem5t ( 8 mat]ial z well z 9 8 prim>y metrical ord] he falls %ort ( ! p]fect organization ( m p[]ful m9ds4 ,franck illu/rates1 !n1 9 _m ways1 9 8 erratic treatm5t ( h>mony1 9 8 metrical monotony1 & 9 8 %ortness ( brea?1 ! my/ic's failure to ma/] =m4 ,& yet1 s beautiful are 8 effects1 s arre/+ is 8 p]sonality1 "o feels in/9ctively t !re is 9 him some?+ :i* de/ructive criticism _c assail4 ,! v in>ticulat5ess ( ! my/ic is1 9 fact1 a sort ( eloqu5ce1 p]haps all ! m p]suasive because x h9ts at beauties r ?an def9es !m4 ,h[ev] beyond 8 rea* 8 aspirations may be1 s long z !y are g5u9e & ard5t he w h 8 unique arti/ic message4 ,8 "w w ga9 a pa!tic appeal f ! v fact t x sugge/s feel+s x _c embody1 & 8 in>ticulat5ess may ev5 op5 up ways to new modes ( utt]ance by rem9d+ m5 t !re are tru?s o!r ?an ^? _! =mulas s smugly /]eotype4 ,?us a writ] l ,amiel1 ineffective z he seems f "o po9t ( view1 is n )\t 8 lib]aliz+ influ5ce 9 lit]ature4 ,9 ! same way1 ,cs> ,franck1 ! my/ic among musicians1 ?anks to 8 pr(\nd insight & emotion1 comb9$ ?\gh !y be ) ! *>act]i/ic %ortcom+s ( ! se]1 w wid5 ! scope ( future musical te*nique & expression4 ,,bibliographical ,,note4--,! ,prelude1 ,*oral1 & ,fugue = ,piano are to be _h 9 ! ,collection ,litolff4 ,! ,prelude1 ,aria1 & ,f9ale are publi%$ by ,j4 ,hamelle1 ,p>is4 ,^! are ! only piano pieces ( ,franck t are easily obta9able4 ,! h\se ( ,hamelle also issues a f\r-h& arrangem5t ( ! ,symphony1 & ,dur&1 ( ,p>is1 publi%es a f\r-h& arrangem5t ( ! ?ree ma/]ly ,*orals = organ1 z well z ! orig9al edition ( ^!1 & ( two sets ( organ pieces1 "o ( six & ! o!r ( ?ree4 ,! ,beatitudes has be5 repr9t$1 ) ,engli% words1 by ,g4 ,s*irm]4 ,a few ( ,franck's songs1 p>ticul>ly ,la ,procession1 ,panis ,angelicus1 & ,le ,m>iage des ,roses1 w be f\nd 9 ! portfolios ( mo/ l>ge music deal]s4 ,,vi ,,pet] ,,ilyit* ,,ts*a,,k[sky ,illu/ration3 ,,pet] ,,ilyit* ,,ts*a,,k[sky ,,vi ,,pet] ,,ilyit* ,,ts*a,,k[sky ,"o ( ! con/ant temptations ( ! biograph] is t ( seiz+ on "s sali5t trait 9 8 subject1 magnify+ x beyond all relation to o!rs :i* supplem5t or modify x1 & portray+ an ecc5tric r ?an a r\nd$ p]sonality1 a mon/] r ?an a man4 ,human nature is complex1 _m-sid$1 ev5 self-contradictory to any b ! mo/ p5etrative view2 & s sl5d] are ! res\rces ( lit]ature = deal+ ) su* a p>adox z a man1 t writ]s1 resort+ to simplification1 sacrifice fullness to intelligibility4 ,9 books ,napoleon is apt to be d5i$ all scruples1 ,keats all virility1 ,m>cus ,aurelius all engag+ folly2 ! real m5 7 probably n s simple4 ,x is c]ta91 at any rate1 t ,ts*ak[sky1 ! greate/ ( ,russian musicians1 "o ( ! two greate/ ( all compos]s s9ce ,wagn]1 _c h be5 ! m]e inc>nation ( conc5trat$ gloom t 8 critics h drawn4 ,"s wor?i] p[]s ?an t ( eloqu5t lam5t+ mu/ h contribut$ to mold him4 ,he 0 n simply a sort ( neura/h5ic ,j]emiah ) a faculty = or*e/ration4 ,x is only too easy & plausible1 to be sure1 to label him ) "o ( ^? insidi\sly blight+ epi!ts1 neura/h5ic1 decad5t1 or morbid4 ,he 01 9 fact1 ( an un=tunate h]$ity2 8 gr&fa!r 0 epileptic1 & 8 own symptoms po9t$ to an inh]it$ n]v\s irritability4 ,he 0 tr\bl$ m or less1 all 8 life1 by sleeplessness1 fatigue1 depression2 & 9 8 ?irty-sev5? ye> _h a complete n]v\s collapse4 ,b to discr$it a man's insight by po9t+ out 8 physical mis=tunes is z mislead+ z x is unk9d4 ,! fact t ,s*op5hau]1 ) ^: temp]am5t ,ts*ak[sky's _h mu* 9 common1 _h "s insane & idiotic ance/ors1 & suff]$ mu* f 8 own unusual s5sitiv5ess1 does n 9 ! lea/ abate ! tru? ( 8 philosophic tea*+1 ?\gh x may call att5tion to its "o-sid$ness4 ,& s ) ! musician2 k ( 8 p]sonal twi/ ought n to make u deaf to :atev] is univ]sal 9 8 utt]ance4 ,we may rememb] t he reports b "o aspect ( ! tru?2 b if he reports t truly1 we may supply ! o!r1 & ne$ n c>p at ! way he got 8 in=mation4 ,& inde$ is x n1 aft] all1 an artificial circumscription ( life to ignore its sadd] v]ities1 h[ev] moral ,ph>isees may /igmatize ! p]ception ( !m z morbid8 ,has n disease1 z well z heal?1 its relation to our =tunes8 ,is n man's weakness an organic "p ( 8 /r5g?1 8 fe> ( 8 c\rage1 8 d\bt ( 8 fai?8 ,t m]e facile optimism :i* smiles bl&ly at all exp]i5ce1 ) unsee+ eyes1 is z p>tial & false z ! unreliev$ pessimism into :i* ! contemplation ( x sometimes drives ! s5sitive4 ,! _w is no m all light ?an x is all %ad[4 ,all human life1 ) its suff]+ z well z its happ9ess1 is "o1 & e s9c]e human exp]i5ce has its own weight4 ,& s ,ts*ak[sky1 9 spite ( gr&fa!rs & symptoms1 has a "r to be respectfully he>d4 ,! t5d5cy to depreciate m5 l ,ts*ak[sky & ,s*op5hau] g5]ally re/s on a confusion betwe5 :at may be call$ s5tim5tal & rational pessimism4 ,! s5tim5tal pessimi/1 ! weak malcont5t1 :o sees ev]y?+ ?r\gh ! blue spectacles ( egotism1 or1 l ! cuttlefi%1 muddies 8 _w ) a black humor ( 8 own1 des]ves inde$ no?+ bett] ?an a %rug4 ,l all o!r =ms ( s5tim5tality1 8 pessimism is bas$ on selfi%ness4 ,x is an emanation1 n an insight4 ,x is t =m ( colic1 to use ! figure ( ,?oreau1 :i* makes him discov] t ! _w has be5 eat+ gre5 apples4 ,q diff]5t f su* a s5tim5tali/1 h[ev]1 is ! s5sitive man :o feels imp]sonally ! real evils ( life4 ,su* a man's exp]i5ce is view$ by him1 n z ! end1 b z ! means1 ( insight4 ,8 own pa9s1 h[ev] ke51 appe> to him b z symbols ( ! univ]sal suff]+ ( humanity1 & h[ev] mu* 8 view may be subjectively jaundic$1 x does n t]m9ate 91 b only beg9s )1 ! petty self4 ,he is n a devotee ( ! luxury ( woe4 ,a v noble "*1 says ,s*op5hau]1 we always conceive ) a c]ta9 t+e ( melan*oly 9 x--a melan*oly t is any?+ b a cont9ual peevi%ness 9 view ( ! daily vexations ( life 7= su* peevi%ness is an ignoble trait1 & ar\ses suspicions ( malici\sness71 b r a melan*oly t comes f an insight into ! vanity ( all joys1 & ! sorr[fulness ( all liv+1 n alone ( "o's own =tune4 ,& ,ts*ak[sky1 9 describ+ ,bee?ov5's ,*oral ,symphony1 writes1 "o c see1 f precisely ! same /&po9t3 ,su* joy is n ( ?is e>?4 ,x is some?+ ideal & unrealizable2 x has no?+ 9 common ) ?is life1 b is only a mom5t>y aspiration ( humanity t[>ds ! hol9ess :i* exi/s only 9 ! _w ( art & beauty2 aft]w>ds1 ?is vale ( e>?1 ) its endless sorr[1 its agony ( d\bt & unsatisfi$ hopes1 seems /ill m gloomy & )\t issue4 ,9 ! ,n9? ,symphony we he> ! despair+ cry ( a great g5ius :o1 hav+ irrevocably lo/ fai? 9 happ9ess1 escapes = a "t into ! _w ( unrealizable hopes1 into ! realm ( brok5-w+$ ideals4 ,n[ und\bt$ly ^! passages1 especially ! latt]1 are guilty ( false emphasis2 und\bt$ly "o c truly reply to ,ts*ak[sky t ! ideal is necess>ily fair] ?an reality1 z ! fl[] is fair] ?an ! soil f :i* x spr+s1 t ?is vale ( e>? is n )\t issue1 h[ev] gloomy1 s9ce x does 9 fact produce ! ideal _w ( art & beauty1 & t x is precisely ! glory ( hopes t !y are unrealizable1 & ( happ9ess t x exi/s only on a level high] ?an t ( f9ite life4 ,b1 h[ev] "o-sid$ may be ! op9ions express$1 ! attitude ( m9d is free f ! ta9t ( petty selfi%ness2 x is frank1 op5-ey$1 & manly4 ,su* utt]ances proce$ only f natures nobly human1 h[ev] burd5$ ) a great] s5sibility ?an is common among m54 ,( ! extraord9>y s5sibility ( ,ts*ak[sky1 8 emotional int5sity & impetuosity1 :i*1 disc]n+ truly1 critics h s (t5 falsely int]pret$1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,he 0 ! subject & 9 "s ways ! victim1 ( h]$it>y in/ability1 a t5d5cy1 s to speak1 to g (f at half-cock4 ,9 8 life no trait comes out m conspicu\sly1 & its association ) 8 p[]ful intellect1 ) :i* x 0 always at odds1 goes f> to expla9 ! anomalies & p>adoxes ( 8 music4 ,we see x con/antly 9 8 acts1 :]e1 if we always rememb] t we are /udy+ a great nature1 :i* mu/ be analyz$ respectfully & )\t vulg> curiosity1 we may le>n mu* f obs]v+ x4 ,pet] ,ilyit* ,ts*ak[sky 0 born 9 a small ,russian t[n 9 #ahdj4 ,z a v small boy he %[$ 8 ard5t patriotism by kiss+ ! map ( ,russia1 9 8 ,atlas1 & spitt+ at ! re/ ( ,europe4 ,:5 8 ,fr5* nurse remon/rat$1 he expla9$ t he _h be5 c>eful to cov] ,france ) 8 h&4 ,!re already is 8 temp]am5t--passionate & t5d]4 ,! ,ts*ak[sky family e>ly mov$ to ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 :]e ,pet] at fir/ ent]$ ! ,s*ool ( ,jurisprud5ce1 & lat] obta9$ a po/ 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,ju/ice4 ,all ?r\gh 8 y\? he 0 indol5t1 popul>1 fond ( society1 a graceful amateur :o play$ salon pieces at ev5+ p>ties4 ,t 8 s]i\s int]e/ 9 music 0 fir/ ar\s$ by 8 c\s9's %[+ him h[ to modulate is r amus+ :5 we rememb] ! virtuosity & d>+ ( 8 mature h>monic /yle4 ,my c\s9 said x 0 possible to modulate f "o key to ano!r1 he says1 )\t us+ m ?an ?ree *ords4 ,?is excit$ my curiosity1 & to my a/oni%m5t ,i f\nd t he improvis$ :atev] modulations ,i sugge/$1 ev5 f q extrane\s keys4 ,9 #ahfa he wrote to 8 si/] t he 0 m$itat+ a musical c>e]1 b 0 /ill 9 d\bt :e!r he c\ld pursue x successfully4 ,p]haps idl5ess may take possession ( me1 & ,i may n p]sev]e4 ,b a little lat] all d\bts _h vani%$1 he _h giv5 up 8 (ficial "w1 )drawn f society1 & ?r[n himself ) *>act]i/ic ardor into 8 /udies4 ,he n[ sometimes sat up all night work+1 & ,rub9/e91 8 composition tea*] at ! ,cons]vatory1 tells h[ on "o occasion he submitt$ no less ?an two hundr$ v>iations on a s+le !me4 ,he made su* good progress t 9 #ahff1 a few ye>s aft] 8 graduation1 he 0 appo9t$ pr(essor ( h>mony 9 ! ,mosc[ ,cons]vatory4 ,f ab\t ?is "t date 8 fir/ important compositions4 ,:5 fir/ he came to live 9 ,mosc[1 writes 8 fri5d ,m4 ,ka%k91 al?\gh he 0 !n six-&-tw5ty1 he 0 /ill inexp]i5c$ & "y 9 _m ?+s1 especially 9 ! mat]ial que/ions ( life2 b 9 all t conc]n$ 8 "w he 0 already mature1 ) a p>ticul>ly elaborate me?od ( "w1 9 :i* all 0 =ese5 ) admirable judgm5t1 & manipulat$ ) ! exactitude ( ! surgeon 9 op]at+4 ,m4 ,ka%k9's te/imony is a valuable corrective to ! widespread impression t ,ts*ak[sky compos$ 9 a mad fr5zy ( passion4 ,no good "w1 9 art any m ?an 9 sci5ce1 is done )\t t calm delib]ation :i* 8 /rong m5tal grasp made possible to him4 ,8 e>ly compositions 7 = ! mo/ "p op]as1 &1 x mu/ be add$1 unsuccessful op]as4 ,! ,voievoda1 writt5 9 #ahff1 did n satisfy him1 & he burn$ ! score4 ,und9e1 compos$ 9 #ahgj1 0 n accept$ by ! !atrical au?orities1 :o moreov] mislaid ! manuscript2 ,ts*ak[sky1 ye>s lat]1 recov]$ & de/roy$ x4 ,9 #ahgc ,sneg\rot*ka1 a ballet1 9 spite ( "s musical beauty1 fail$ = lack ( dramatic int]e/4 ,! success ( ,k\znetz ,vak\la1 produc$ a ye> lat]1 0 ephem]al4 ,?us x 0 n until ,! ,opri*nik1 :i* /ill holds ! /age 9 ,russia1 0 br\ght out1 :5 ,ts*ak[sky 0 ?irty-f\r1 t he made a pron\nc$ success4 ,! p]si/5ce ) :i* he cont9u$ to labor dur+ ^! ye>s seems to be ov]look$ by ^? :o consid] him a m]e prophet ( lassitude & disc\ragem5t4 ,nor w\ld su* a man h und]tak5 & dis*>g$ ! drudg]y ( j\rnali/ic criticism z did ,ts*ak[sky 9 ! f\r ye>s f #ahgb to #ahgf1 :5 he 0 writ+ critiques = ! ,mosc[ pap]s4 ,:atev] fluctuations ( mood he may h und]gone 9 ^! e>ly ye>s1 & we may be sure !y 7 _m1 8 outw>d life 0 an example ( equability1 dilig5ce & pati5ce4 ,9 #ahgg1 h[ev]1 !re 0 "s sort ( tragic happ5+4 ,t x 0 someh[ connect$ ) an unhappy m>riage1 t x result$ 9 a complete n]v\s breakd[n1 ^! ?+s we "k4,e ,x is unnecess>y to probe = m specific details2 x is en\gh to note t = a long "t he 0 brok5 & despair+1 t ?r\gh all ! re/ ( 8 life 8 m5tal temp]1 nev] bright1 0 %ad[$ ) a pa?ological gloom4 ,he left ! ,cons]vatory sudd5ly1 & 0 abroad a ye>4 ,he wrote "o ( 8 fri5ds1 ,on ! :ole1 ,i am robu/2 b z reg>ds my s\l1 !re is a w\nd !re t w nev] heal4 ,i ?9k ,i am homme f9i4444 ,some?+ is brok5 9 me2 my w+s are cut & ,i %all nev] fly v high aga94 ,he says t _h he rema9$ a day long] 9 ,mosc[ he %\ld h dr[n$ himself1 & x is said t he did g s f>1 9 8 t]rible depression1 z to /& up to 8 *e/ 9 ! riv] "o fro/y ,septemb] night1 9 ! hope ( lit]ally cat*+ 8 dea? ( cold1 & gett+ rid ( 8 tr\bles )\t sc&al4 ,b he took ! bett] way2 inde$1 ! be/ ye>s1 ! quiete/ & mo/ fruitful ye>s1 ( 8 life 7 yet be=e him4 ,z robu/ 9 "* z he 0 s5sitive & impetu\s 9 temp]am5t1 he pull$ himself toge!r1 & wrote 9 ! next ye> 8 ma/]ly ,f\r? ,symphony1 8 be/ op]a1 ,eug5e ,onieg91 said to be ! second mo/ popul> op]a 9 ,russia1 & _m o!r /rong works4 ,he return$ also1 9 ! fall ( #ahgh1 to 8 po/ at ! ,cons]vatory1 b1 by ! g5]osity ( an anonym\s lady1,f 0 soon enabl$ to give up tea*+ & devote himself entirely to composition4 ,f ?is "t on1 except = a conduct+ t\r ?r\gh we/]n ,europe 9 #ahhh1 & "o to ,am]ica a few ye>s lat]1 he /ay$ *iefly 9 ! c\ntry1 9 /udi\s solitude4 ,8 mode ( life at ,maidanova1 a little village :]e 9 #ahhe he took a h\se1 has be5 describ$ by ,m4 ,ka%k91 :o (t5 visit$ him4 ,aft] work+ all ! morn+1 & tak+ a simple b well-cook$ d9n]1 ,ts*ak[sky always w5t = a long walk1 no matt] :at ! wea!r4 ,_m ( 8 works 7 plann$ & 8 !mes inv5t$1 we are told1 9 ^! long rambles across c\ntry4 ,aft] tea he work$ aga9 until supp]-"t1 & aft] supp] ! two fri5ds1 ord]+ a bottle ( w9e & dismiss+ ! s]vant1 w\ld devote !mselves to play+ f\r-h& music4 ,m4 ,ka%k9 tells "o or two int]e/+ /ories ( ,ts*ak[sky at ?is p]iod4 ,8 impulsiv5ess1 x seems1 took ! =m 9 money matt]s ( a fairly reckless g5]osity4 ,s lavi%ly did he %[] copp]s on all ! peasant *ildr5 9 ! neighborhood1 t he c\ld n g = 8 walk )\t be+ surr\nd$ by !m4 ,9 "o aft]noon he is said to h disp5s$ f\rte5 %ill+s ( 8 own & all ( ,m4 ,ka%k9's small *ange4 ,a fri5d once ask$ him :]e he inve/$ 8 capital4 ,convuls$ ) laught]1 he answ]$ t 8 la/ inve/m5t ( capital _h be5 9 a ,mosc[ hotel1 & t :]e 8 next w\ld be he did n "k4 ,! ev5ts ( 8 t\r 9 #ahhh he has himself n>rat$ ) *>act]i/ic mode/y & *>m1 9 a fragm5t ( di>y4 ,"o c read betwe5 ! l9es t he 0 ev]y:]e ! c5t] ( admir+ int]e/1 b ) f9e lit]>y in/9ct he con/antly subord9ates himself to ! p & ev5ts ?r\gh :i* he mov$4 ,h[ lovable are 8 va9ly cont9u$ ef=ts to enjoy ! music ( ,brahms1 8 eag]ness to record ! little k9dnesses ( 8 fri5ds1 8 dignifi$ retic5ce ab\t 8 enemies1 8 he>ty appreciation ( "w f> inf]ior to 8 own6 ,i tru/1 he says1 t x w n appe> l self-glorification t my di?yramb 9 praise ( ,grieg prec$es ! /atem5t t our natures are closely alli$4 ,speak+ ( ,grieg's high qualities1 ,i d n at all wi% to impress my read]s ) ! notion t ,i am end[$ ) an equal %>e ( !m4 ,i leave x to o!rs to decide h[ f> ,i am lack+ 9 all t ,grieg possesses 9 su* abundance4 ,?is w>m appreciation ( o!rs1 comb9$ ) s pa!tic a lack ( self-confid5ce t on m ?an "o occasion he burn$ ! score ( a "w :i* 0 coldly receiv$1 0 s extreme 9 ,ts*ak[sky t "o ( 8 fri5ds pron\nc$ him ! lea/ conceit$ ( compos]s4 ,l all s5sitive p1 inde$1 he 0 pa9fully consci\s ( social bonds2 :at 0 due him f o!rs1 & :at 9 turn 0 due !m f him--^! intangibles1 s easily =gott5 by mo/ m51 7 to him heavy realities4 ,x is t\*+ to see h[ dep5d5t he 0 on ! fri5dl9ess ( ! or*e/ra he 0 lead+1 & he 0 s impressible by criticism t long aft] 8 fame 0 e/abli%$ he c\ld repeat ^w = ^w ,hanslick's & ,cui's e>ly attacks ^u him4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,m4 ,ka%k9 says t :5 he 0 conduct+ ! works ( o!rs he 0 s s5sible ( 8 responsibility t 8 face wore a look ( physical pa94 ,:5 he 0 dy+ ( *ol]a1 9 t]rible agony1 he ?ank$ all ab\t 8 b$side = ! consid]ation !y %[$ him1 & 8 la/ rem>k rem9ds "o ( ,*>les ! ,second's ,i am afraid1 g5tlem51 ,i am an unconscionable "t a-dy+4 ,he turn$ to 8 nephews aft] an unusually sev]e attack ( nausea ) ! exclamation1 ,:at a /ate ,i am 96 ,y w h b little respect = y\r uncle :5 y ?9k ( him 9 su* a /ate z ?is6 ,he di$ at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 9 ,octob]1 #ahic4 ,by ?is "t x w be cle> en\gh t ?is 0 no pul+ compla9]1 b a delicate1 high nature ( great emotional int5sity1 subject$ to a cruel int]action ( temp]am5t & circum/ances1 & yet capable ( nobly con/ructive arti/ic "w4 ,8 life1 c&idly exam9$1 reveals mode/y1 dignity1 elevation ( ideal & ( "*4 ,yet x does illu/rate1 too1 9 _m ways1 t lack ( emotional balance :i* und]lies ! peculi> quality ( 8 music4 ,8 m]e me?od ( approa*+ 8 art1 9 ! fir/ place1 is significant4 ,all 8 e>ly ef=ts1 z we h se51 7 op]as2 he wrote altoge!r t5 op]as1 & ! ,pa!tic ,symphony is ! la/ fruit ( a g5ius dramatic r ?an symphonic4 ,at ?irty ,ts*ak[sky 0 unable to read or*e/ral scores ) ease1 & pref]r$ to /udy ! classics ?r\gh f\r-h& arrangem5ts1 :ile 8 di/a/e = ! pure/ =m ( music 0 s great t he prote/$ he c\ld h>dly keep awake ?r\gh ! p]=mance ( ! ma/]ly ,a-m9or ,qu>tet ( ,bee?ov54 ,?is attitude t[>d ! /r+ qu>tet1 :i* is 9 music :at engrav+ or et*+ is 9 repres5tative art1 is v anomal\s 9 a "y compos]1 & %[s s disproportionate an int]e/ 9 ! m]ely expressive side ( music t x is h>d to und]/& h[ ,ts*ak[sky ev] became s great a pla/ic ma/] z 8 la/ two symphonies1 = all _! freight ( passion1 %[ him to be4 ,he nev]1 9 fact1 :olly outgrew c]ta9 peculi>ities :i* are direct results ( 8 emotional in/ability1 8 slav]y to mood4 ,8 p]si/5t use ( m9or keys1 = example1 is1 z ! doctors say1 symptomatic4 ,! m9or is naturally ! m$ium ( vague1 subjective moods & fantasies1 ( aspiration1 long+1 & d\bt2 x is ! vehicle ( morbidly self-b\nd$ ?\ghts1 ^: depress+ gloom is equall$ only by _! s$uctive & malign beauty4 ,su* ?\ghts we f9d too (t5 9 ,*op91 ,grieg1 &1 x mu/ be add$1 9 ,ts*ak[sky4 ,( ! fir/ ?irty songs he wrote1 sev5te5 are 9 ! m9or mode4 ,( c\rse too mu* %\ld n be argu$ f a detail ( ?is sort1 b ! major sy/em is s naturally ! m$ium ( vigor\sly objective ?\ght t we in/9ctively suspect ! heal? ( a m9d :i* h>ps cont9ually ^u ! m9or4 ,by a some:at simil> t5d5cy t[>ds self-involution1 ! natural result ( int5se emotionality1 ,ts*ak[sky incl9es to monotony ( rhy?m2 he gets hypnotiz$1 z x 71 by ! regul> pulsation ( "s recurr+ met]1 & he cont9ues x to ! v]ge ( trance4 ,an example is ! long p$al-po9t on ,d1 9 ! curi\s #e-d measure ( ! second movem5t ( ! ,pa!tic ,symphony4 ,?is is l ! wail+ & rock+ ( ! wom5 ( a savage tribe ov] ! dea? ( a w>rior2 x is at once wild & s9i/]4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ evid5ce ( ?is s]vitude to passion we are try+ to trace 9 ,ts*ak[sky is 8 con/ant use ( climax4 ,x seems to be q impossible = him to pres]ve a mean-tone2 he is always la%+ himself into a fury1 boil+ up into a fr5etic =tissimo1 aft] :i* he lapses into coma until "s phrase ( melody or impulse ( rhy?m jo/les 8 imag9ation aga91 & he presses on t[>d a new crisis4 ,! effect ( ^! cumulative :irlw9ds ( passion is (t5 trem5d\s1 is unique1 inde$1 9 music2 yet "o longs sometimes 9 ! mid/ ( !m = a less turbul5t attitude1 = ! equable beauty ( ,ba* or ,moz>t4 ,! atmosph]e is sur*>g$4 ,"o feels t ?is noble b willful _s has sat too long 9 ! close *amb] ( p]sonal feel+1 t "o mu/ ?r[ wide ! w9d[s & let 9 ! fre% w9ds ( g5]al human exi/5ce4 ,yet1 aft] all1 ! imp]fections ( ,ts*ak[sky's music are due r to ! ov]:elm+ ri*ness ( 8 emotions ?an to any %ortcom+s ( m9d2 8 case is an arti/ic emb>rassm5t ( ri*es1 & 8 critic mu/ avoid ! fallacy ( suppos+1 because 8 con/ructive p[] is sometimes inadequate1 t x is ev] meag]4 ,on ! contr>y1 he is a man ( great intellectual =ce4 ,x is too bad to be s busy ) ,ts*ak[sky ! pessimi/ t "o =gets ,ts*ak[sky ! arti/4 ,8 melodic f]tility alone is en\gh to rank him ) ! great con/ructive musicians4 ,8 devotion to ,moz>t1 & to ! ,italian op]a-writ]s1 0 no accid5t2 by ! spontaneity & beauty ( 8 melodies he has approv$ himself _! wor?y bro!r4 ,few m inspir+ tunes c be f\nd any:]e ?an ! op5+ !me ( 8 ,b-flat m9or ,piano ,conc]to1 ) its spl5did & tireless vigor1 or ! broad1 con/antly unfold+ cantil5a ( ! second !me 9 ! ,fif? ,symphony4 ,8 pages are pl5tifully scatt]$ ) phrases ( r>e grace1 ( a fre% & orig9al *>m4 ,8 h>mony1 too1 = all its radicalism1 is g5]ally firm & well controll$1 & 8 rhy?m1 h[ev] monoton\s at times1 is nev] vague4 ,9 polyphony 7! simultane\s progress ( diff]5t melodies7 he is a p[]ful ma/]1 z any "o may see by exam9+1 = example1 ! ma/]ly v>iations 9 8 ,or*e/ral ,suite1 opus #ee4 ,he is probably1 on ! :ole1 a great] ma/] ( g5]al con/ruction ?an any ( 8 contempor>ies except ,brahms4 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t ?is curi\sly p>adoxical p]sonality 0 gift$ ) an intellectual /r5g? t w5t f> t[>d dom9at+ ! turbul5t passions :i*1 on ! :ole1 x c\ld n q dom9ate4 ,b "o ne$s1 aft] all1 no c>eful /ati/ical pro( ( ! rationality ( ,ts*ak[sky's music4 ,! fact t x survives1 t x is widely li/5$ to & lov$1 proves a priori t1 h[ev] t+$ x may be ) p]sonal melan*oly1 x is n ultimately pessimi/ical or de/ructive 9 effect4 ,= x is ! happy =tune ( art t x _c fully voice ! de/ructive =ces ( an>*y & despair4 ,its nature precludes ! possibility1 = an>*y is *aos1 despair is confusion1 & nei!r c be ! subject ( t cle>ly organic ord] :i* is art4 ,! arti/ may1 ( c\rse1 express sadness2 8 "w1 if x is to be compreh5sively human1 mu/ be reflective ( ! ebb z well z ! fl[ ( vital p[]4 ,b x _c mirror complete dejection1 ! absolute lapse ( p[]2 = )\t p[] !re is no organization1 & )\t organization !re is no art4 ,! melodic inv5tion1 ! h>monic grasp1 ! rhy?mic vigor1 9 a ^w ! p[]ful musical articulation1 ev]y:]e pres5t 9 ,ts*ak[sky's be/ "w1 remove x f> f ! in>ticulate moan+s ( despair4 ,su* faculties z 8 are any?+ b dis9tegrat+ or decad5t2 h[ev] mu* individual sadness may att5d _! ex]cise1 !y are upbuild+ & creative4 ,ts*ak[sky comm&s our admiration m ?an our pity because1 9 spite ( ! burd5s ( 8 temp]am5t & ! mis=tunes ( 8 exp]i5ce1 he contribut$ to beauty1 & beauty is ! /&+ confutation ( evil4 ,,bibliographical ,,note4--,mu* ( ,ts*ak[sky's e>ly "w 0 = piano1 b mo/ ( 8 piano pieces are light if n trivial 9 "*4 ,!y are amus+ to play ov]1 b d n fairly repres5t 8 g5ius4 ,sev5te5 ( !m are to be _h 9 an album 9 ! ,collection ,litolff4 ,! ,sonata1 op4 #cg1 on ! o!r h&1 9 spite ( its m>k$ resemblance to ,s*umann's ,f-%>p m9or ,sonata1 is "o ( ! f9e/ ( mod]n sonatas = piano4 ,! ,conc]tos are ma/]ly1 b v difficult4 ,mo/ ( ! important or*e/ral works are arrang$ = f\r h&s4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ are ! ,pa!tic ,symphony1 ! ,fif? ,symphony1 :i* %\ld be equally well kn[n1 ! ,or*e/ral ,suites1 p>ticul>ly ! ?ird1 op4 #ee1 ) its *>m+ ,tema con ,v>iazioni1 & ! ,ov]ture1 ,romeo & ,juliet4 ,( ! *amb]-works1 ! ?ird ,/r+ ,qu>tet1 op4 #cj1 & ! ,trio1 are especially good4 ,tw5ty-f\r ( ,ts*ak[sky's songs are publi%$ 9 an album by ,novello1 ,ew] ,co41 & _m sep>ately by ,g4 ,s*irm] & o!rs4 ,,footnotes3 ,e ,s9ce ! pres5t pap] 0 writt51 ! biography ( ,ts*ak[sky by 8 bro!r has %[n t 9 ?is unhappy m>riage ! only fault we c attribute to ! compos] 0 a quixotic *ivalry 9 m>ry+ a "y woman :o _h decl>$ h] love = him4 ,he m>ri$ h] f sympa?y )\t lov+ h]4 ,( c\rse su* a /ep c\ld lead to no?+ b mis]y2 b h[ev] unwise1 x 0 at lea/ g5]\s & honorable4 ,f ,?is lady1 accord+ to ! new biography1 0 ,frau von ,meck1 ! wid[ ( a weal?y railway eng9e]4 ,h] int]e/ 9 ,ts*ak[sky's "w1 & h] g5]\s gifts ( money1 7 ( great value to him all 8 life4 ,,vii ,,johannes ,,brahms ,illu/ration3 ,,johannes ,,brahms ,,vii ,,johannes ,,brahms ,( all ! figures ( mod]n music1 brilliant & v>i$ z !y are1 impress+ "o ) ! _m-sid$ness & wide scope ( ! art1 !re is p]haps only "o1 t ( ,johannes ,brahms1 :i* conveys ! s5se ( satisfy+ poise1 self-control & sanity4 ,o!rs excel him 9 p>ticul> qualities4 ,grieg is m delicate & intimate1 ,dvok w>m] & cle>] 9 color2 ,sa9t-,sans is m meteoric1 ,franck m recondite & subtle1 & ,ts*ak[sky m impassion$2 b ,brahms alone has ,hom]ic simplicity1 ! primeval heal? ( ! well-balanc$ man4 ,he excels all 8 contempor>ies 9 s\ndness & univ]sality4 ,9 an age :5 _m p are unc]ta9 ( !mselves & ! _w1 victims ( a p]vasive unre/ & disappo9tm5t1 x is solac+ to f9d s h]oic & simple a s\l1 :o f9ds life acceptable1 meets x g5ially1 & utt]s 8 joy & 8 sorr[ ) ! old classic s9c]ity4 ,he is n blight$ by any ( ! myriad =ms ( egotism1--by s5tim5tality1 by ! it* to be effective at all co/s1 or to be orig9al1 or to be ,byronic or romantic or unfa?omable4 ,he has no message = an errant _w2 no ana!ma1 ei!r pr(\ndly gloomy or insol5tly clev]1 to hurl at ,god4 ,he has r a deep & broad imp]sonal love ( life2 univ]sal joy is ! sum & sub/ance ( 8 expression4 ,x is h>d to say :e!r ! unique greatness ( ,brahms dep5ds m on ?is emotional :olesom5ess & simplicity or on ! intellectual bread? & syn!tic p[] ) :i* x is comb9$4 ,probably ! tru? is t true greatness requires ! int]action ( ! two4 ,at any rate1 ,brahms is equally rem>kable1 :e!r consid]$ z a man or z a musician1 = bo?4 ,9 8 p]sonal "* frankness1 mode/y1 simple & homely virtue 7 comb9$ ) ! wide/ sympa?y1 ! mo/ f>-rang+ intellig5ce1 extreme ca?olicity & tol]ance4 ,9 music he priz$ equally ! simple/ elem5ts1 l ! old ,g]man folk-songs & ! ,hung>ian dances1 & ! mo/ complex arti/ic =ms t are evolv$ f !m by creative g5ius4 ,l ,ba* & ,bee?ov51 he spann$ ! :ole range ( human int]e/s2 deep feel+ fills 8 music ) primitive expressiv5ess1 & at ! same "t great intellectual p[] gives x ! utmo/ scope & complexity4 ,lack+ ei!r trait he w\ld n h be5 himself1 he c\ld n h p]=m$ 8 s]vice to music4 ,!re are _m anecdotes illu/rat+ ! simple1 l>ge traits ( ! man4 ,8 pleasures 7 homely1 8 ambitions inw>d & vital4 ,he c>$ little = fame1 & 0 annoy$ by ! fooli% adulation ( ! cr[d4 ,to a long & fl[]y spee* address$ to him on ! pres5tation ( "s sort ( tribute he answ]$1 ) admirable brevity & utt] prose1 ,?ank y v mu*4 ,once :5 a p>ty ( 8 fri5ds 7 ga!r$ toge!r to sample a r>e old w9e1 somebody pomp\sly ann\nc$1 ,:at ,brahms is among ! compos]s1 ?is ,rau5?al] is among ! w9es4 ,ah1 snapp$ out ,brahms1 !n let's h a bottle ( ,ba* n[4 ,he (t5 rem>k$ t "o c\ld nev] hope to get ^u ! level ( su* giants z ,ba* & ,bee?ov52 "o c\ld only "w consci5ti\sly 9 "o's own field4 ,he _h ! disgu/ ( %ams t "o expects 9 s s9c]e a lov] ( ! g5u9e1 & ! armor ( r\ghness & s>casm ) :i* he protect$ himself aga9/ ! pret5ti\s 0 =midable4 ,:5 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge (f]$ him a degree1 sugge/+ t he write a new "w = ! occasion1 he repli$ t if any ( 8 old works seem$ good en\gh to !m he %\ld be happy to receive ! honor1 b t he 0 too busy to write a new "o4 ,!re 0 ab\t him some?+ %aggy1 be>-l1 & "o c imag9e ! foxes & weasels scatt]+ at 8 gr[l4 ,b = ev]y?+ fre% & g5u9e ,brahms _h ! he>tie/ love4 ,he is "o ( ! innum]able army ( great m5 ( :om biography loves to relate t !y always c>ri$ c&y 9 _! pockets = ! *ildr51 & a lady describ$ 9 a lett] h[ %e _h se5 him on ! hotel piazza1 on all-f\rs1 clamb]$ ov] by "y playmates4 ,he 0 on cordial t]ms ) wait]s & s]vants1 & told ,mr4 ,h5s*el ) emotion ! /ory ( a s]v+-maid :o lo/ h] position 9 ord] to %ield a c>eless po/man1 :o1 be+ m>ri$1 c\ld n af=d to lose 84 ,ano!r pretty /ory1 %[+ at once 8 mode/y & 8 ca?olicity ( ta/e1 rec\nts h[ all ! musical fri5ds ( ! wife ( ,johann ,/rauss1 ! great waltz compos]1 7 writ+ _! names1 ) phrases f _! works1 on h] fan4 ,:5 x 0 8 turn1 ! compos] ( ! ,g]man ,requiem wrote ! op5+ phrase ( ! ,blue ,danube waltz1 & und]nea? x ! words1 ,n1 ,i regret to say1 by y\r devot$ fri5d1 ,johannes ,brahms4 ,?us :olesome & unaffect$ 0 ! "* ( ?is great man4 ,outw>dly1 ,brahms's life 0 unev5tful4 ,8 fa!r 0 a contrabass-play] 9 ! !atre or*e/ra ( ,hamburg4 ,9 him 8 son's positiv5ess ( "* seems to h be5 =e%ad[$1 = we le>n t :5 ! conductor once direct$ him n to play s l\d1 he repli$ ) dignity3 ,h]r ,capellmei/]1 ?is is my contrabass1 ,i want y to und]/&1 & ,i %all play on x z l\d z ,i please4 ,brahms 0 born at ,hamburg 9 #ahcc1 & f 8 e>lie/ ye>s 0 tra9$ = music z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,8 e>ly acqua9tance ) ! be/ works 0 ( incalculable value to him4 ,mr4 ,had[ po9ts out t ! eclecticism & solidity ( 8 /yle 0 d\btless l>gely due to ! /udy ( ,ba* & ,bee?ov5 t he made 9 y\? "u ,m>xs54 ,he _h ! advantage1 too1 ( e>ly practical exp]i5ce4 ,:5 he 0 only tw5ty he made a conc]t t\r ) ,remnyi1 ! ,hung>ian viol9i/1 dur+ :i* he ga9$ mu* tra9+ & confid5ce4 ,a feat he p]=m$ dur+ ?is trip %[$ ev5 m virtuosity ?an t ( le petit ,sa9t-,sans already record$4 ,hav+ to play ! ,kreutz] ,sonata on a piano too l[ 9 pit* to suit ,remnyi1 :o dislik$ to tune d[n 8 viol91 he transpos$ x up a semi-tone1 & ?\gh play+ )\t notes1 p]=m$ x accurately & ) _s4 ,to ?is feat1 :i* ar\s$ ! admiration ( ,joa*im1 ,brahms ow$ 8 acqua9tance ) ! great viol9i/1 & ?r\gh him ) ,liszt & ,s*umann4 ,8 exp]i5ce ) ! =m]1 !n 9 ! height ( 8 fame1 0 un=tunate1 b *>act]i/ic4 ,brahms1 :o 0 worn out ) travel1 fell asleep dur+ "o ( ! mo/ mov+ p>ts ( ,liszt's ,sonata1 :i* ! great virtuoso 0 s condesc5d+ z to play4 ,?\gh ,brahms 0 only a boy at ! "t1 he 0 evid5tly1 ev5 !n1 undazzl$ by worldly glory4 ,8 meet+ ) ,s*umann 0 mu* m happy2 inde$1 x 0 "o ( ! important ev5ts ( 8 life4 ,probably no "y compos] ev] receiv$ su* a he>ty welcome into ! musical _w z ,s*umann ext5d$ to ,brahms 9 8 fam\s article1 ,new ,pa?s4 ,9 sure & unfalt]+ acc5ts1 writes ,mr4 ,had[1 he proclaim$ ! adv5t ( a g5ius 9 :om ! _s ( ! age %\ld f9d its consummation & its fulfilm5t2 a ma/] by ^: tea*+ ! brok5 phrases %\ld gr[ articulate1 & ! vague aspirations ga!r into =m & sub/ance4 ,! five-&-tw5ty ye>s ( w&]+ 7 ov]2 at la/ a lead] _h aris5 :o %\ld direct ! art into 'new pa?s1' & c>ry x a /age ne>] to its appo9t$ place4 ,x is n surpris+ t ,s*umann1 ^: g5]\s en?usiasm (t5 l$ him to praise wor?less "w1 %\ld h receiv$ ! e>ly compositions ( ,brahms s cordially4 ,_! qualities 7 su* z to affect pr(\ndly ! great romantici/4 ,al?\gh ! ess5tial "* ( 8 mature works is _! classical balance & re/ra9t1 ^! fir/ compositions %[ an exub]ance1 a wayw>d f]tility ( inv5tion1 ?or\ghly romantic4 ,8 fir/ t5 opuses1 or at any rate ! ?ree sonatas & ! f\r ballades = piano1 are frequ5tly turgid 9 emotion1 & ill-consid]$ 9 =m4 ,! massive vigor ( 8 lat] "w "h appe>s 9 ! guise ( a cyclopean viol5ce4 ,x is small wond] t ,s*umann1 dazzl$1 delight$1 ov]:elm$1 gave 8 ard5t support to ! "y man4 ,brahms n[ f\nd himself sudd5ly fam\s4 ,he 0 discuss$ ev]y:]e1 8 pieces 7 readily accept$ by publi%]s1 & 8 new compositions 7 await$ ) int]e/4 ,b =tunate z all ?is 0 = ,brahms1 x might easily1 b = 8 own good s5se & self-control1 h turn$ out ! mo/ un=tunate ?+ t c\ld happ5 to him4 ,= consid] 8 position4 ,he 0 a brilliant "y compos] :o _h be5 publicly proclaim$ by "o ( ! highe/ musical au?orities4 ,he 0 expect$ to g on produc+ works2 he 0 almo/ "u obligation to ju/ify 8 impressive introduction4 ,n to d s w\ld be mu* worse ?an to rema9 a non5tity2 x w\ld be to become "o4 ,& he _h mean:ile e int]nal reason = meet+ p's dem&s4 ,he 0 full ( ideas1 consci\s ( p[]1 "u inw>d z well z outw>d compulsion to express himself4 ,yet = all t1 he 0 9 reality immature1 un=m$1 & call[4 ,8 "w1 = all its brilliancy1 0 :imsical & subjective4 ,if he _h foll[$ out ! pa? he 0 on1 z any contempor>y obs]v] w\ld h expect$1 he w\ld h become "o ( ! mo/ radical ( romantici/s4 ,at ?irty he w\ld h be5 a bright /> 9 ! musical firmam5t1 at =ty he w\ld h be5 "o ( sev]al bright />s1 at fifty he w\ld h be5 clev] & disappo9t$4 ,x requir$ r>e insight 9 s "y a man1 sudd5ly successful1 to realize ! dang]1 r>e c\rage to av]t x4 ,:5 we consid] ! temptation x mu/ h be5 to him to cont9ue ^! easy triumphs1 :5 we imag9e ! inw>d en?usiasm ( creation ) :i* he mu/ h be5 on fire1 we are ready to appreciate ! next ev5t ( ! drama4 ,t ev5t 0 )drawal f ! musical _w & ! initiation ( a long c\rse ( ! sev]e/ /udy4 ,:5 he 0 a little ov] tw5ty-"o1 ,brahms impos$ ^u himself ?is ardu\s tra9+1 & comm&$ himself to =ego = a :ile ! eloqu5t b ill-controll$ expression hi!rto 81 9 ord] to acquire a broad]1 firm]1 pur]1 & /rong] /yle4 ,= f\r or five ye>s1 to borr[ ,/ev5son's expression1 he play$ ! s$ul\s ape to ,ba* & ,bee?ov51 & 9 a m9or degree to ,haydn & ,moz>t4 ,! complex h>monies ( 8 fir/ p]iod gave place to simple1 /rong successions ( triads2 = an emotional & (t5 vague type ( melody he sub/itut$ cle>ly cry/alliz$1 flu5t1 & graci\s phrases1 frequ5tly devoid ( any p>ticul> expression2 ! :imsical rhy?ms ( ! piano sonatas 7 foll[$ by ! squ>e-cut sections ( ! ,s]5ade1 opus #aa4 ,( c\rse ! imm$iate effect ( all ?is 0 a great sacrifice ( :at is call$ orig9ality2 _h ,brahms n _h complete fai? 9 ! vitality ( 8 g5ius he c\ld n h surr5d]$ s mu* ( imm$iate atta9m5t = ! sake ( an ultimately great] ma/]y4 ,x is a pr(\nd lesson 9 ! e?ics ( art t a man :o c\ld write ! f\r? ( ! ,ballades1 opus #aj1 %\ld h be5 will+ to foll[ x up ) ?is ,s]5ade1 opus #aa4 ,yet ,brahms knew :at he 0 ab\t1 & 8 fir/ l>ge "w1 ! ,piano ,conc]to1 opus #ae1 %[s 8 individuality ( expression entirely rega9$1 & n[ ) imm5sely increas$ p[] & res\rce4 ,no?+ c\ld exhibit bett] ?an ?is dissatisfaction ) 8 e>ly "w & )drawal f ! _w = /udy1 t intellectual bread? :i* we h not$ z *>act]i/ic ( ,brahms4 ,he 0 n a man :o c\ld be cont5t ) a n>r[ p]sonal expression4 ,no subjective heav5 c\ld satisfy him4 ,8 wide human sympa?y & 8 passion = arti/ic p]fection alike1 compell$ him to /udy unremitt+ly1 to wid5 8 ideals z 8 p[]s increas$4 ,no fate c\ld seem to him s horrible z t sett+ ( ! m9d :i* is ! /hetic analogue ( selfi%ness4 ,orig9ality1 :i* s (t5 deg5]ates into idiosyncrasy1 0 mu* less an object to him ?an univ]sality1 :i* is aft] all ! be/ means ( be+ s]viceably orig9al4 ,dr4 ,deit]s1 9 8 rem9isc5ces1 aft] describ+ ?is p]iod ( /udy1 cont9ues3 ,h5ce=? we f9d him /riv+ aft] mod]ation1 endeavor+ to place himself m 9 t\* ) ! public1 & to conqu] all subjectiv5ess4 ,to arrive at p]spicuity & precision ( inv5tion1 cle> design & =m1 c>eful elaboration & accurate balanc+ ( effect1 n[ became ) him ess5tial & e/abli%$ pr9ciples4 ,f ?is "t until ! end ( 8 life1 9 fact1 a p]iod ( only a little less ?an =ty ye>s--he di$ 9 #ahig--;,brahms nev] dep>t$ f ! modes ( "w & ! ideals ( atta9m5t he _h n[ set himself4 ,he labor$ indefatigably1 b ) no ha/e or impati5ce4 ,he 0 too pa9/ak+ & consci5ti\s a workman to bot* 8 products by hurry+ !m4 ,he ?us describ$ to 8 fri5d1 ,mr4 ,h5s*el1 8 me?od ( compos+3 ,!re is no real creat+ )\t h>d "w4 ,t :i* y w\ld call inv5tion1 t is to say1 a ?\ght1 is simply an inspiration f above1 = :i* ,i am n responsible1 :i* is no m]it ( m9e4 ,yes1 x is a pres5t1 a gift1 :i* ,i ought ev5 to despise until ,i h made x my own by "r ( h>d "w4 ,& !re ne$ be no hurry ab\t t ei!r4 ,x is z ) ! se$ corn3 x g]m9ates unconsci\sly & 9 spite ( ourselves4 ,:5 ,i1 = in/ance1 h f\nd ! fir/ phrase ( a song1 ,i might %ut ! book !re & !n1 g = a walk1 d "s o!r "w1 & p]haps n ?9k ( x aga9 = mon?s4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 is lo/4 ,if aft]w>d ,i approa* ! subject aga91 x is sure to h tak5 %ape2 ,i c n[ really beg9 to "w at x4 ,ano!r inkl+ ( ! sev]ity ( 8 /&>d we h 9 a rem>k he made aft] po9t+ out c]ta9 imp]fections 9 a song ( ,mr4 ,h5s*el's4 ,:e!r x is beautiful also1 he said1 is an entirely diff]5t matt]2 b p]fect x mu/ be4 ,) su* a /&>d1 we ne$ n be surpris$ t he impos$ s sev]e a tra9+ ^u himself at tw5ty-"o1 or t he cont9u$ all 8 life ! practice ( writ+ ea* day a contrapuntal ex]cise1 or t he wr\ght = t5 ye>s ov] 8 fir/ symphony1 t ,titanic "w4 ,?us labor+ always ) ! same calm p]si/5ce1 return+ ^u 8 ideas until he c\ld pres5t !m ) p]fect cl>ity1 c>+ little = ! indiff]5ce or ! applause ( ! public1 b mu* = ! approval ( 8 own fa/idi\s ta/e1 he produc$ ye> by ye> an a/oni%+ s]ies ( ma/]pieces4 ,no "o has bett] describ$ ! k9d ( "w t made ,brahms great ?an ,mat!w ,arnold 9 ^? l9es ab\t labor :i* 9 la/+ fruit outgr[s ,f> noisi] s*emes2 accompli%$ 9 repose2 ,too great = ha/e1 too high = rivalry4 ,a j conception ( ?is broad s*eme ( ,brahms's ideal & ( 8 ?or\ghness 9 work+ x out is necess>y1 we mu/ insi/1 n only to appreciation ( ! man himself1 b to any true und]/&+ ( 8 relation & s]vice to music4 ,brahms 0 enabl$1 by ! tireless tra9+ to :i* he subject$ 8 f]tile & _m-sid$ g5ius1 to c\* romantic feel+ 9 classic =m4 ,9 ord] to grasp ! full significance ( su* a "w1 x is necess>y to be> 9 m9d ^? fundam5tal pr9ciples ( musical effect & facts ( musical hi/ory :i* h be5 pres5t$ 9 ! ,introduction4 ,music has result$ f ! gradual =mal def9ition1 by "t & pit* relations1 ( ^? vague ge/ures & utt]ances by :i* m5 express$ _! primitive feel+s4 ,x has be51 9 a ^w1 ! product ( two human in/9cts1 nei!r ( :i* alone w\ld h suffic$ to produce x--! in/9ct = expression & ! in/9ct = beauty4 ,b ^! in/9cts h n work$ ) precisely equal efficacy at all times4 ,9 fact1 s limit$ is human att5tion1 s few ?+s c m5 att5d to at once1 e great developm5t ( expression has g5]ally di/urb$ ! equilibrium requisite to beauty1 & e great advance 9 beauty has g5]ally1 = ! "t be+1 re/ra9$ ! eloqu5ce ( expression4 ,musical hi/ory is a s]ies ( reactions betwe5 man's primal emotional impulse & 8 desire = intelligibility4 ,fir/1 urg5cy ( feel+ drives him to a =mless cry2 !n ! wi% to be und]/ood & ! love ( beauty induce him to =mulate ?is cry2 f9ally1 z soon z ! =mula is felt to be inadequate to fur!r expression1 x is disc>d$ 9 favor ( "o m ela/ic & complex4 ,! conv5tions t are helpful at "o /age prove h9drances 9 ! next4 ,! same =ms t subs]ve gr[? up to a c]ta9 po9t1 beyond t po9t hamp] x4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! hi/ory ( music1 =mulation has always be5 foll[$ by relaxation ( ! =mul to admit ( new expression2 & :5 new expression has be5 ?us evolv$1 a new & m complex =m has _h to be work$ out to regulate & fix x4 ,su* a p]iod ( relaxation 0 t :i* int]v5$ betwe5 ,bee?ov5 & ,brahms4 ,! romantici/s1 head$ by ,s*umann1 seiz$ ^u ! possibilities ( poignant expression t !y 7 quick to recognize 9 _! h]itage f ,bee?ov51 & develop$ an extraord9>ily mobile & eloqu5t in/rum5t = voic+ p]sonal emotion4 ,at ! same "t !y inevitably lo/ ! p]fect control ( =m1 ! transp>5t lucidity ( /ructure1 t _h *>act]iz$ ,bee?ov54 ,9 "s respects m mov+1 !y 7 on ! :ole less intelligible4 ,!y 7 enri*+ _! art1 & mu/ leave ! p]fect subord9ation ( ! new mat]ial to _! successors4 ,x is mo/ int]e/+ to trace ! analogy betwe5 ?is developm5t ( musical expression & ! gr[? ( emotional life 9 ! individual1 & to obs]ve h[ 9 bo? ! p]iod ( exp]i5ce1 9 :i* emotion is felt 9 all its imm$iate /ress1 inhibit+ all else & be+ !re=e conceiv$ 9 no relations1 b m]ely z a s+le & ultimate fact1 is foll[$ by ! p]iod ( m$itation & self-inspection1 :5 ! :ole emotional life is gr\p$ into ord]1 & ! man le>ns to see ! significance & ! spiritual value ( 8 feel+s4 ,) ! romantici/s music necess>ily became m & m ! m$ium ( p]sonal passion1 less & less ! reveal] ( univ]sal ord]4 ,br[n+1 himself a romantici/ ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 has summ$ up ! _s ( romanticism 9 a s+le /anza ( 8 ,old ,pictures 9 ,flor5ce3 ,on :i* ,i conclude1 t ! e>ly pa9t]s1 ,to cries ( ',greek art & :at m wi% y8' ,repli$1 ',to become n[ self-acqua9t]s1 ,& pa9t man1 man1 :atev] ! issue6 ,make new hopes %9e ?r\gh ! fle% !y fray1 ,new fe>s aggr&ize ! rags & tatt]s3 ,to br+ ! invisible full into play6 ,let ! visible g to ! dogs--:at matt]s8' ,! individualism1 ! subjectivity1 ! my/ical di/ru/ ( def9ite =ms1 s /irr+ly *ampion$ 9 ^! l9es1 are vital pr9ciples 9 ! "w ( all ! compos]s ( ! g5]ation aft] ,bee?ov54 ,?us 9 ,s*umann's music1 = example1 ! g5]ality ( ! emotional burd5 ( classical music is *ang$ to some?+ f> m individual & introspective4 ,expression is m t+$ by temp]am5t2 ! "w ( art exhales a p]sonal fragrance4 ,s*umann tells u n m]ely ( love1 long+1 & passion1 b ( ,rob]t ,s*umann's love1 long+1 & passion4 ,8 "w1 = all its beauty1 is mu* less inclusive & complete ?an ! classical ma/]pieces4 ,9 ! same way ,*op9 fill$ 8 nocturnes & preludes ) ! lovely b (t5 unheal?y poetry ( ! isolat$ dream]1 & ,wagn]1 sep>at+ ! passion ( love f ! o!r int]e/s ( ! he>t1 & ?us ?r[+ out ( balance ! spiritual economy1 sacrific$ z mu* 9 heal? z he ga9$ 9 pot5cy4 ,& ( ! m5 we h be5 /udy+1 ,grieg1 ,franck1 & ,ts*ak[sky also illu/rate 9 v>i\s ways ! t5d5cy to pa9t man1 man1 :atev] ! issue1 to let ! fle% be fray$ & ! visible g to ! dogs4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say t all ^! m5 h _! legitimate place4 ,_! message ( passion & unre/1 already audible 9 ,bee?ov51 0 ! inevitable & indisp5sable expression ( "o ( ^? self-consci\s phases 9 man's gr[? :5 he fre%ly realizes 8 f9itude4 ,_! utt]ances make a deeply pa!tic appeal to u1 because !y reveal all ! t]rible sadness ( p]sonal life :i* z yet f9ds no re/+-place 9 ! univ]sal4 ,aspiration & disappo9tm5t1 bitt] grief & bl9d pa91 speak 9 _! fragm5t>y lovel9ess4 ,! romantici/s w nev] want = our love1 s9ce !y int]pret to u a "p ( our own exp]i5ce4 ,b1 z we h said1 aft] man suff]s emotion he reflects ^u x2 aft] he feels ! p>ts he le>ns ! :ole2 aft] musicians h develop$ new capabilities ( expression !y proce$ to subord9ate !m to pla/ic beauty4 ,adju/m5t foll[s discov]y1 & ! romantic takes on classical p]fection4 ,! *aos ( "o age is ?us ! ord] ( ! next2 & aft] ,s*umann & 8 fell[s _h enri*$ ! _w ) _! beautiful b fragm5t>y & wayw>d feel+s1 x rema9$ = ,brahms to essay a fur!r conque/2 to comm5ce at lea/ 7& p]haps he has n done m7 ! task ( mak+ ^! new feel+s m intelligible1 ( cl>ify+ _! turgidity1 ( subord9at+ _! conflicts 9 a m complex h>mony4 ,or1 to /ate 8 function 9 m specifically musical t]ms1 he _h to discov] h[ rugg$ melodic outl9es1 bold h>monic progressions1 & ! l>ge-spann$ phrases ( mod]n musical ?\ght c\ld be organiz$ & br\ght into t unity 9 v>iety :i* is beauty4 ,we are n[ 9 a position to grasp ! full significance ( t sev]e tra9+ to :i* ,brahms subject$ himself 9 8 y\?4 ,)\t x he w\ld h gone on do+ brilliant "w ( ! romantic ord]1 l 8 fir/ compositions1 b he w\ld nev] h atta9$ ! grasp & self-control t rais$ him above all 8 contempor>ies & t made possible 8 peculi> s]vice to music4 ,t p]iod ( tra9+ 0 ! arti/ic c\nt]p>t ( :at _m m5 und]go :5 !y discov] h[ _m sacrifices & h[ long a labor are necess>y to him :o w\ld f9d a spiritual dwell+-place on e>?4 ,_m pleasures mu/ be r5\nc$ be=e happ9ess w abide2 evil & suff]+ are opaque save to ! /eadfa/ eye4 ,s1 9 music1 effects & eloqu5ces & crises mu/ be ! h&maids ( ord]ly beauty1 & tones are /ubborn mat]ial until "o has le>n$ by h>d "w to make !m transmit ?\ghts4 ,te*nic is 9 ! musician :at "* is 9 ! man4 ,x is ! p[] to /amp matt] ) _s4 ,brahms's long appr5tice%ip 0 !re=e ne$$ 9 ! fir/ place to make him ma/] ( 8 mat]ials2 9 ! second place to tea* him ! deep] lesson t ! "p mu/ be subord9at$ to ! :ole1 or1 9 musical language1 expression to beauty4 ,he a*iev$ ?is subord9ation1 h[ev]1 n by ! negative process ( suppression1 b by conque/ & co-ord9ation4 ,9 8 music emotion is n exclud$1 x is regulat$2 8 "w is n a rev]sion to an e>li] & simpl] type1 x is ! ga!r+ & fus+ toge!r ( fragm5t>y new elem5ts1 result+ 9 a m complex organism4 ,?us x is a v sup]ficial view to say t he w5t back to ,bee?ov54 ,he drew guidance f ! same natural laws t _h guid$ ,bee?ov51 b he appli$ ^! laws to a mat]ial ( novel ?\ght & emotion t _h come into be+ aft] ,bee?ov54 ,_h he repudiat$ ! new mat]ial1 ev5 = ! reason t he consid]$ x incapable ( organization1 he w\ld h be5 a p$ant1 :i* is to say a musical ,ph>isee4 ,"o ma/]s by recogniz+ & us+1 n by repudiat+4 ,& j z a wise man w n become ascetical m]ely because 8 passions give him tr\ble1 b w /udy to f9d out _! true relation to him & !n keep !m 9 x1 s ,brahms recogniz$ ! wayw>d beauties ( romanticism1 & /udi$ h[ to make !m ancill>y to t ord] & fair proportion :i* is ! s\l ( music4 ,to ?is great arti/ic s]vice he 0 fitt$ by bo? ! qualities :i* h be5 po9t$ out above z co-op]at+ to =m 8 unique nature4 ,8 deep & simple human feel+1 :i* put him 9 sympa?y ) ! aims ( ! romantici/s & enabl$ him to grasp _! mean+1 w\ld n h suffic$ alone2 b =tunately x 0 associat$ ) an almo/ unprec$5t$ scope ( intellect & p[] ( syn!sis4 ,brahms's assimilative faculty 0 enorm\s4 ,l a f9e tree t draws ! mat]ials ( its beauty ?r\gh a ?\s& roots t rea* into di/ant pockets ( e>?1 he ga!r$ ! mat]ials ( 8 p]fectly unifi$ & transp>5t /yle f all sorts ( =gott5 nooks & crannies ( m$ival music4 ,spitta rem>ks 8 use ( ! old ,dorian & ,phrygian modes2 ( complex rhy?ms t _h long fall5 into disuse2 ( ^? means ( !matic developm5t1 su* z augm5tation & dim9ution1 :i* fl\ri%$ 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies2 ( ! basso o/9ato ) ! /yles p]ta9+ to x--! ,passacaglia & ! ,ciaconna2 & ( ! old /yle ( v>iations1 9 :i* ! bass r ?an ! melody is ! feature reta9$4 ,no musician1 ,spitta concludes1 0 m well read 9 8 art or m con/antly dispos$ to appropriate all t 0 new1 especially all newly discov]$ treasures ( ! pa/4 ,8 passion = le>n+ w&]$1 inde$1 into e field1 & result$ 9 a ri* & mo/ orig9al culture ( m9d1 = 8 k 0 n m]e acquirem5t1 b became a liv+ & fruitful ?+4 ,! vitality ( 8 relation ) ! pa/ is n[h]e m /rik+ly %[n ?an 9 8 indebt$ness to ! two greate/ ma/]s ( pure music1 ,ba* & ,bee?ov54 ,he has ga!r$ up ! ?reads ( _! dissimil> /yles1 & knitt$ !m into "o solid fabric4 ,! great glory ( ,ba*1 z is well-kn[n1 0 8 wond]ful polyphony4 ,9 8 "w e voice is a melody1 ev]y?+ s+s1 !re is no dead wood1 no flaccid fill+4 ,bee?ov51 on ! o!r h&1 turn+ to new problems1 to problems ( /ructure :i* dem&$ a new sort ( control ( key-relation%ip & ! !matic developm5t ( s+le subjects or tunes1 necess>ily paid less att5tion to ! subord9ate voices4 ,8 /yle is homophonic or "o-voic$ r ?an polyphonic4 ,! int]e/ c5tres 9 "o melody & its evolutions1 :ile ! o!rs fall into ! subord9ate position ( accompanim5t4 ,b ,brahms1 reta9+ & ext5d+ ! complexity ( /ructure1 ! ar*itectural v>iety & solidity1 t 0 ,bee?ov5's great a*ievem5t1 has succe$$ 9 giv+ new melodic life also to ! inn] p>ts1 s t ! significance & int]e/ ( ! :ole web rem9d "o ( ,ba*4 ,8 skill z a contrapunti/ is z notable z 8 comm& ( /ructure4 ,?anks to 8 wond]ful p[] ( assimilat+ me?ods1 ( adapt+ !m to ! ne$s ( 8 own expression1 s t he rema9s p]sonal & g5u9e :ile becom+ univ]sal 9 scope1 he is ! true heir & comrade ( ,ba* & ,bee?ov54 ,x 01 p]haps1 inevitable t 9 8 great "w ( syn!sis & =mulation he %\ld sometimes be l$ into dry =malism4 ,"o :o conc]ns himself s indefatigably ) ! te*nic ( con/ruction naturally comes to take a ke5 joy 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 skill2 & ?is may easily result1 :5 ?\ght halts1 9 ! fabrication ( +5uities & ,*9ese puzzles4 ,"s pages ( ,brahms consi/ ( inf9itely dext]\s manipulations ( mean+less phrases4 ,& ?\gh "o mu/ gu>d aga9/ assum+ t he is dry :5ev] "o does n readily foll[ him1 x c]ta9ly mu/ be confess$ t sometimes he seems to write m]ely = ! sake ( writ+4 ,?is occasional ov]-intellectualism1 moreov]1 is un=tunately aggravat$ by a lack ( feel+ = ! purely s5su\s side ( music1 = cle>1 ri* tone-comb9ation1 to :i* ,brahms mu/ plead guilty4 ,8 or*e/ra is (t5 muddy & ho>se1 8 piano /yle (t5 %[s neglect ( ! necessities ( sonority & cle>ness4 ,dr4 ,william ,mason te/ifies t 8 t\* 0 h>d & unsympa!tic1 & x is r significant ( ins5sibility or indiff]5ce to tone color t 8 ,piano ,qu9tet 0 at fir/ writt5 = /r+s alone1 & t ! ,v>iations on a ,!me ( ,haydn exi/ 9 two =ms1 "o = or*e/ra & ! o!r = two pianos1 nei!r ( :i* is ann\nc$ z ! orig9al v]sion4 ,!re is dang] ( exagg]at+ ! importance ( su* facts1 h[ev]4 ,au/]e & somb] z ,brahms's scor+ g5]ally is1 x may be held t s x %\ld be to be 9 keep+ ) ! musical conception4 ,& if 8 piano /yle is novel x is n really unidiomatic or )\t its own peculi> effects4 ,h[ev] extreme we may consid] ! weakness ( s5su\s p]ception1 :i* on ! :ole _c be d5i$ 9 ,brahms1 x is ! only s]i\s flaw 9 a man equally great on ! emotional & ! intellectual sides4 ,v rem>kable is ! ri*ness & at ! same "t ! balance ( ,brahms's nature4 ,he recogniz$ e>ly 9 life t feel+s 7 valuable1 n = _! m]e poignancy1 b by _! effect on ! c5tral _s2 & he labor$ incessantly to express !m ) eloqu5ce & yet ) control4 ,x is only little m5 :o e/imate an emotion by its int5sity1 & :o try to express ev]y?+1 ! hy/]ical z well z ! delib]ate1 ! trivial & mis*iev\s z well z ! weighty & ! inspir+4 ,!y imag9e t success 9 art dep5ds on ! numb] ( ?+s !y say1 t to voice a temp]am5t is to build a "*4 ,b great m51 ?\gh !y reject no s9c]e human feel+1 c>e m to give ! "r impression ?an to be exhau/ive2 & ! greate/ feel in/9ctively t ! la/ ^w ( _! art mu/ be con/ructive1 positive1 upbuild+4 ,?oreau rem>ks t ! s+] c easily move u to te>s or laught]1 b asks1 ,:]e is he :o c communicate a pure morn+ joy8 ,x is ,brahms's unique greatness among mod]n compos]s t he 0 able to infuse 8 music1 9 :i* all p]sonal passion is made accessory to beauty1 ) ?is pure morn+ joy4 ,8 aim 9 writ+ is some?+ m ?an to *ronicle subjective feel+s1 h[ev] v>i\s or int5se4 ,& t is :y we h to consid] him ! greate/ compos] ( 8 "t1 ev5 ?\gh 9 p>ticul> dep>tm5ts he mu/ take a place second to o!rs4 ,/eadily avoid+ all fragm5t>y1 wayw>d1 & di/ortive expression1 us+ always 8 consummate ma/]y ( 8 m$ium & 8 syn!tic p[] ( ?\ght to subs]ve a l>ge & univ]sal utt]ance1 he po9ts ! way = a heal?y & fruitful developm5t ( music 9 ! future4 ,,bibliographical ,,note4--,( p>ticul> works ( ,brahms t ! read] might wi% to /udy1 "h are "s ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & well kn[n4 ,piano pieces3 ,! ,waltzes1 op4 #ci2 ! ,clavi]/cke1 op4 #gf1 p>ticul>ly ,no4 #b2 ! two ,rhapsodies1 op4 #gi2 &1 9 8 lat]1 m complex /yle1 ! piano pieces1 op4 #aaf1 #aag1 #aah & #aai4 ,songs3 ,liebe/reu1 op4 #c1 ,no4 #a2 ,wieg5li$1 op4 #di1 ,no4 #d2 ! ,sapphic ,ode1 op4 #id1 ,no4 #d2 ,/nd*51 op4 #ajf1 ,no4 #a2 ,me9e ,liebe i/ grn1 op4 #fc1 ,no4 #e2 ,o ,khl] ,wald1 op4 #gb1 ,no4 #c4 ,*amb] works3 ! two ,viol9 ,sonatas1 op4 #gh & #ajj1 are among 8 mo/ g5ial works2 ! ,qu>tets1 op4 #be & #bf2 ! ,trio1 op4 #h2 ! ,sextet1 op4 #ah4 ,( 8 or*e/ral works none are f9] ?an ! ,second & ,?ird ,symphonies1 ! ,viol9 ,conc]to1 op4 #gg1 & ! ,v>iations on a ,!me ( ,haydn1 op4 #ef;a4 ,! *oral works1 ( :i* ! ,song ( ,de/9y is ! greate/1 are unhappily seldom giv54 ,,viii ,,epilogue3 ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,music ,,viii ,,epilogue3 ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,music ,9 ! =ego+ /udies we h be5 consid]+1 fir/1 c]ta9 fundam5tal pr9ciples ( musical effect 9 ! light ( :i* alone all special contributions to music1 h[ev] v>i\s1 c be und]/ood1 & second1 ! p>ticul> contributions ( half a doz5 ( our contempor>y compos]s1 9 :i* we h se5 ^? pr9ciples exemplifi$4 ,we h assum$1 all along1 t music is ( und5iable int]e/ to u1 t x has some?+ to say1 t x is ( suffici5t human value to be wor? /udy+4 ,b n[1 be=e clos+1 x w be well to exam9e = a mom5t ! gr\nds ( t tacit assumption1 to ask ourselves :at1 aft] all1 is ! reason ( our int]e/ 9 music4 ,:y d we c>e = x8 ,:at does x mean8 ,to su* que/ions !re are d\btless _m answ]s4 ,d\btless diff]5t he>]s take diff]5t k9ds ( delight 9 x1 & its modes ( appeal are z v>i\s z _! temp]am5ts4 ,yet music has "o sort ( appeal :i* is deep] ?an all o!rs1 :i* inde$ acts univ]sally1 & :i* dep5ds on its extraord9>y p[] to tranquilize ! he>t1 to in/il a peace q magical & beyond explanation4 ,x soo!s :ile x excites2 & m wond]ful ?an its ability to /imulate our emotions is its p[] to reconcile & h>monize !m4 ,& ?is x does )\t ! aid ( any intellectual process2 x (f]s u no argum5t1 x =mulates no solac+ philosophy2 r x aboli%es ?\ght1 to set up 9 its /ead a novel activity t is felt z imm$iately1 inexplicably grateful4 ,to sugge/ h[ ! comb9ation ( s\nds c h ^u u s pr(\nd an effect w be ! object ( ?is f9al pap]4 ,mortal life1 z we become acqua9t$ ) x 9 exp]i5ce1 un%ap$ by any philosophic or arti/ic activity1 is complex1 confus$1 & irrational4 ,f our babyhood1 :5 we put our f+]s 9 ! pretty fire & draw !m =? cruelly burn$1 until ! mom5t :5 a draught ( air or ! bur/+ ( a blood-vessel sudd5ly arre/s our important ent]prises 9 mid-c\rse1 we con/antly f9d our faculties1 bo? animal & div9e1 enc\nt]+ a _w n k9dly adju/$4 ,on ! mat]ial plane we f9d dr\ght1 fro/1 & fam9e1 /orm1 accid5t1 disease4 ,on ! plane ( feel+ & s5tim5t !re are ! sep>ation ( fri5ds1 ! dea? ( de> ones1 lonel9ess1 d\bt1 & disappo9tm5t2 9 ! _w ( ! _s are s9 & sorr[1 ! weakness & folly ( ourselves & ( o!rs1 mean+less mis*ance1 & ! caprice ( de/9y4 ,9 su* a _w1 good =tune mu/ (t5 seem z insult+ z bad1 & happ9ess no bett] ?an mis]y4 ,:]e all is accid5tal1 h[ c aught be significant8 ,:5 our highe/ int]e/s are def5celess aga9/ ! onslaught1 n ( grave evil b ( m]e absurdity1 h[ is x possible to live ) dignity or hope8 ,nev]!less1 m5 h1 by v>i\s means1 f\ght /urdily aga9/ ! caprici\sness ( life & ! despair x eng5d]s4 ,all practical morality1 to beg9 )1 is "o =m ( def5ce--comp>atively a l[ =m1 b /ill ( use4 ,! moral man1 fac+ ! univ]se undaunt$1 ass]ts 8 own p[] to develop 9 x at lea/ 8 p]sonal p>ticle ( righte\sness4 ,z mu* /r5g? z he has %all be sp5t on ! side ( ord]4 ,if ! _w be unju/1 he at lea/ w love ju/ice4 ,if e "o else be rul$ by *ance1 he at lea/ w be rul$ by reason4 ,if wick$ m5 pursue evil1 he w pursue good4 ,f ! e>lie/ to ! late/ times lit]ature has record$ su* resolve4 ,! lett]s ( ,/ev5son no less ?an ! j\rnal ( ,m>cus ,aurelius relate ! purpose ( ! brave individual to graft1 to impress--yes1 to inflict--human mean+ ^u an untam$ univ]se4 ,! /oic fai? has always built on ! practical p[] ( ! s+le man2 a phrase ( ,?oreau's might s]ve = its motto3 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is labyr9? let u live a ?read ( life4 ,! intellect is m ambiti\s ?an ! moral s5se4 ,n cont5t ) ! degree ( unity a man c develop 9 ! see?+ _w by 8 s+le action1 philosophy seeks to prove t ! _w itself1 z a :ole1 d]iv+ its nature z x mu/ f m9d1 is ord]ly4 ,con/ructive idealism1 beg9n+ ) ! argum5t t a subject _c truly "k an object unless bo? are includ$ 9 a high] m5tal organism1 d$uces f ! common facts ( consci\sness ! real exi/5ce ( an all-inclusive ,_s4 ,fur!rmore1 "o ( its able/ mod]n expon5ts1 ,pr(essor ,josiah ,royce1 has work$ out ! e?ical implications ( ! doctr9e 9 a way t conc]ns u "h4 ,he %[s t ! app>5t irrationality ( our _w proce$s f ! fragm5t>9ess ( our f9ite view1 & t ,god1 :o sees 8 univ]se z a :ole1 mu/ f9d x rational2 s t our *aos is 8 ord]1 our f>ce 8 trag$y1 our horror 8 spirituality4 ,7 our span ( consci\sness wid5$ until we c\ld p]ceive ! :ole ( exi/5ce 9 "o ?\ght1 we %\ld f9d ! deep organic beauty t n[ we ye>n = 9 va94 ,philosophy1 !n1 assures u bo? ( ! fundam5tal p]fection ( ! _w z a :ole & ( ! inaccessibility ( ?is p]fection to u4 ,deeply satisfy+ because s sure & s ultimate1 x tells u no?+ ( details1 x has no direct ^w = ! sorr[s & ! p]plexities ( our daily lives4 ,x leaves u (t5 long+ = a w>m]1 ne>] assurance ( ! rightness ( ?+s4 ,& s1 to _m1 human love fir/ reveals ! div9e unity all are seek+4 ,! lov] reasons little ab\t consci\sness2 he kn[s1 directly & ov]p[]+ly1 t 8 "o ne$ is to s]ve ! belov$4 ,?is comm&+ aim employs all 8 impulses & appetites1 & he f9ds 9 pure dis9t]e/$ s]vice a peace t 8 own w>r+ desires _c invade4 ,he compreh5ds = ! fir/ "t 8 own true id5tity1 he becomes integral & s]5e4 ,fur!rmore1 z 8 love gr[s deep]1 z x sp5ds its inexhau/ible weal? m widely1 le>n+ to take = object n only ! human belov$1 b all virtue & beauty1 8 spiritual life becomes daily l>g] & sur]1 x unifies an ev] complex] body ( ?\ght & de$ 9 its p]fect organism4 ,x acquires an al*emy ) :i* x c dissolve ev5 ! /ubborn ext]nalities ( fate2 = fate itself _c take away ! p[] to s]ve1 & 9 s]vice love f9ds its joy4 ,r5unciation1 ev51 x nev] ent]s ^u except to ga9 a high] good1 & t ess5ce 9 ! s\l :i* makes a sacrifice is "o ) t :i* 9 happi] circum/ances w\ld enjoy4 ,love ?us %>es already ! nature ( religion1 & conf]s ! same b5efits4 ,9 exact+ entire self-surr5d] x bequea?s sup]iority to accid5t1 an unassailable s]5ity4 ,inde$1 religion is b love exp&$ & made univ]sal4 ,religion1 !n1 man's f9al means ( read+ rationality 9 ! c\nt5ance ( an irrational _w1 is ! culm9ation t[>d :i* ! o!r ?ree naturally t5d4 ,x is ! natural goal ( love1 because he :o loves ! div9e 9 "o p]son mu/ soon love x 9 all4 ,x is ! goal ( sci5ce & philosophy1 because ^! place ! he>t op5-ey$ ^u ! ?re%old ( ! radiant reality1 :]e x _c b wor%ip4 ,x is ! natural outcome ( morality1 too2 = ! moral man1 see+ o!rs eag] = goodness1 le>ns t ! div9e virtue is ev]y:]e4 ,& religion reta9s 9 itself ! "* ( all ^! tribut>y insights4 ,l morality x prompts devotion ( p]sonal /r5g? to ! good cause2 l philosophy1 x af=ds cl>ity & bread? ( vision2 x is animat$ by ! same pure1 deep passion t is at ! s\l ( love4 ,x (f]s man a code ( conduct1 a cosmology1 & an object ( devotion4 ,surely1 "o w\ld ?9k he c\ld ask = no?+ m4 ,b1 alas6 we are n p]fect creatures1 capable ( liv+ always on ^! heights4 ,h\rs ( we>9ess & confusion ov]take u1 our glimpses ( ! %9+ cosmos fade away1 & we are left grop+ 9 a =mless _w4 ,! univ]se does n *ange1 b our faculties become jad$1 we _c keep !m at ! necess>y pit*4 ,! morali/ kn[s moods ( disc\ragem5t1 :5 8 p[] is at ebb1 & ! =ces ( evil press him sorely1 ent]+ ev5 8 own he>t 9 ! =ms ( temptation1 slo?1 & despair4 ,! sci5ti/ enc\nt]s facts :i* 8 s*emes _c embrace1 & = ! mom5t int]prets 8 own limitation z a disord] 9 nature4 ,! philosoph] (t5 f9ds ! univ]se m ?an a mat* = 8 syn!tic p[]s ( ?\ght4 ,love has its trag$ies1 & fai? its h\rs ( eclipse4 ,ev5 ,*ri/ mu/ cry out1 ,my ,god6 my ,god6 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me8 ,! _w1 9 a ^w1 is too big = u4 ,fac+ its va/ :irl & glitt] ) our mode/ kit ( s5ses1 intellect1 & _s1 we are bl9d$1 deaf5$1 dizzi$1 completely bewild]$4 ,& !n1 recall+ ) wi/ful regret our p>tial insights1 we fancy !m gone =ev] & ourselves :olly lo/4 ,x is j at ^! mom5ts1 :5 ! m9d mom5t>ily fails 9 its unequal /ruggle ) reality1 t we discov] ! deep mean+ & ! supreme s]vice ( ,art4 ,= ,art is ! t5d] human s]vant t man has made himself = 8 solace4 ,he has adju/$ x to 8 faculties & re/ra9$ x )9 8 scope2 fa%ion+ x f ! inf9ite sub/ance1 he has impress$ ^u x f9ite =m4 ,x is a voice less ?und]\s ?an nature's1 a lamp t does n dazzle l ! great sun4 ,x simplifies ! weal? t is too luxuriant1 & makes tangible a fragm5t ( ! great e!real beauty no mortal c grasp4 ,?us art is visible & audible rightness2 x is ! love ( ,god made manife/ to ! s5ses1 a p>ticul> symbol ( a univ]sal h>mony4 ,:5 we are too we>y to be com=t$ by ! remote1 ab/ract good t religion promises1 art comes ) its imm$iate1 sub/antial1 c>ess+ beauty4 ,seek+ to prove no?+1 mak+ no appeal to our logical intellects1 requir+ ( u no activity1 say+ no?+ ( aught beyond itself1 x is supremely re/ful4 ,f9d+ u defeat$ 9 our se>* = rationality1 x says1 ,se>* no long]1 puzzle no m2 m]ely li/5 & look2 see1 "h x is6 ,its beauty answ]s our problems nev] directly1 b by g5tly mak+ !m irrelevant4 ,art1 !n1 diff]s f morality1 philosophy1 love & religion1 9 t x pres5ts directly to s5se ! v>iety 9 unity :i* !y manife/ only to ! m9d & _s4 ,l !m1 x deals ) life1 b ! unity t x atta9s by selection & exclusion is unlike _! unity 9 be+ tangible4 ,made by man1 x has ?is "o supreme advantage1 t x is adapt$ f ! outset to 8 ne$s4 ,:at x _c unify x c exclude4 ,?\gh nature c>e no?+ = ! peculi>ities ( ! eye1 a l&scape pa9t] c omit a tree t upsets ! balance ( 8 composition4 ,actual m5 & wom5 pres5t all sorts ( incongruities ( figure1 b ! sculptor c suppress ! /oop+ %\ld]s1 ! knobby hips1 & ! b&y legs4 ,language bri/les ) trivial & vulg> words1 b no poet except ,walt ,:itman ?9ks x necess>y to write ab\t hatt]s1 :o _c1 accord+ to ,/ev5son1 be tol]at$ 9 emotional v]se4 ,out ( ! inf9ite numb] ( s\nds t besiege our natural e>s1 musicians h select$ ab\t n9ety def9ite tones1 preorda9$ to congruity1 ) :i* to weave _! m>vel\s fabric4 ,t is ev] ! me?od ( art2 x excludes ! irrelevant or ! discordant1 9 ord] to secure a sali5t & pure integrity4 ,by sacrific+ some?+ ( ! ri*ness ( exp]i5ce1 x ga9s a rationality unkn[n 9 exp]i5ce4 ,br[n+'s ,pippa is a g5tle1 noble s\l1 br++ goodness ev]y:]e2 9 real life %e w\ld be a poor mill-girl insult$ by a ?\s& sordid & accid5tal details4 ,%elley portrays ,beatrice ,c5ci 9 ! transfigur+ light ( poetic tru?2 actual exp]i5ce w\ld %[ h] tortur$ by a s9i/] & ignoble fate4 ,no ,greek y\? c\ld h mat*$ ! p]fect pla/ic beauty ( ! ,disk-?r[]1 & no ,italian woman ev] symboliz$ cruel1 sph9x-l lovel9ess z does ! ,mona ,lisa4 ,corot's nature is gray] & s(t] & m h>moni\s ?an ev] exi/$ on e>?4 ,& su* songs z ,s*umann's ,i* ,grolle ,ni*t & ,ts*ak[sky's ,nur ,w] die ,sehnsu*t ,k5nt pulsate ) a passion z int5se b f> less torn & fragm5t>y ?an t by :i* !y 7 inspir$4 ,?is s]5e p]fection1 :i* wraps l a mantle all works ( g5u9e art1 results f h>moni\s organization1 & is atta9$ only by exclud+ ! irrelevancies always pres5t 9 nature4 ,:i/l] is wise z well z witty :5 he exclaims t to ask ! pa9t] to copy nature z he sees x is to invite ! piani/ to sit on ! keybo>d4 ,7 !re1 to be sure1 a p]fect adju/m5t betwe5 nature & our faculties1 7 we able to disc]n ! unity t mu/ exi/ ev5 9 ! inf9itely complex ,:ole ( ! _w1 !n su* a dictum w\ld be outgr[n1 & selection w\ld cease to be ! proc$ure ( art4 ,b until we h gr[n to possess univ]sal syn!tic p[] art w h its solac+ mission & its selective me?od z n[4 ,mean:ile x w h also1 ( c\rse1 its inevitable limitations4 ,if x be m ord]ly ?an nature1 x w be f> less ri* & v>i\s2 effects t nature pres5ts 9 a bewild]+ dr5* ( exp]i5ce1 a "w ( art w h to isolate & develop alone4 ,a pictur$ l&scape1 h[ev] p]fect1 is b "o phase ( ! reality2 9 nature !re is ceaseless play & *ange1 mood succe$s mood1 & ! *>m is m ?an half 9 ! wayw>d flux & trans=mation4 ,a portrait %[s b "o "*2 a human face is a :ole gall]y ( p]sonalities4 ,! weal? ( exp]i5ce excites ev5 :ile x bewild]s u1 & :5 we turn to ! "w ( art we unconsci\sly adopt a n>r[] /&>d4 ,primitive art especially impresses u z b>e & d5ud$1 because ! primitive arti/ has nei!r te*nical skill nor syn!tic p[] ( ?\ght to comb9e m ?an a few elem5ts4 ,?us e>ly pa9t+ & sculpture1 9 deal+ ) ! human figure1 c>ry del9eation little fur!r ?an to %[ man ) head & body1 two legs & two arms4 ,ref9em5ts ( cont\r & proportion are left to be obs]v$ by lat] arti/s4 ,simil>ly ! folk ballads 9 :i* poetry takes its orig9 conf9e !mselves to elem5t>y incid5ts & emotions4 ,9 g5]al1 rudim5t>y art is always s f> beh9d nature z to seem to h h>dly any connection ) x at all4 ,z "t goes on1 h[ev]1 art passes ?r\gh an evolution1 becom+ gradually m pot5t 9 its treatm5t ( reality4 ,its progress takes ! =m ( a curi\s zigzag1 ! resultant ( two alt]nat+ t5d5cies2 :at happ5s is some?+ l ?is4 ,= a :ile x develops its p[] ( syn!sis 7a p[] dep5d5t bo? ^u te*nical skill 9 h&l+ mat]ial & on organiz+ =ce ( ?\ght7 until x is able to pres5t a few simple factors ( effect 9 cle>1 sali5t unity4 ,?is is :at is call$ a p]iod ( classicism4 ,!n1 dissatisfi$ ) its atta9m5t1 desir+ a ri*] reflection ( ! great :irl ( exp]i5ce1 x rea*es out aft] novel effects2 its vision is = a :ile m ext5d$ ?an cle>1 &1 pres5t+ _m effects :i* x _c yet unify1 x becomes brilliant1 sugge/ive1 fragm5t>y1 turgid1 in*oate4 ,!re has be5 a sacrifice ( ! old simple cl>ity = a ri*] *aos1 or1 9 ! trite t]m9ology1 a romantic movem5t4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 te*nical skill & syn!tic p[] ( ?\ght aga9 advance1 & a new & complex] ord] sup]v5es on ! tempor>y confusion4 ,unity ( effect is rega9$1 art is classic once m 7b ) increas$ weal? ( mean+71 & ! "t is ripe = ano!r bur/ ( romanticism4 ,by ?is alt]nation ( impulses art gr[s1 & :5 ei!r t5d5cy is defective we h a diseas$ art4 ,if !re be no romantic movem5t1 if art rema9s cont5t$ ) its acquir$ scope1 !re is /agnation1 p$antry1 academicism2 if !re be no classical p]iod ( assimilation1 we h vagu5ess & turgidity1 qualities ev5 m fatal1 s9ce1 z we h se51 ! ju/ification ( art is its p[] to cl>ify4 ,! g5]al =mula = :olesome arti/ic advance might1 !n1 run ?us3 ,increase 9 ! v>iety ( ! select$ elem5ts1 )\t loss ( ! ideal unity impos$ ^u !m4 ,& ! ideal goal ( art is a repres5tation ( ! :ole ( life1 /amp$ ) complete unity4 ,turn+ n[ to music1 we mu/ po9t out t1 al?\gh x has 9 a g5]al way und]gone a developm5t l t ( ! o!r arts1 made up ( alt]nat+ classic & romantic movem5ts1 x has _h f ! fir/ c]ta9 advantages ov] !m 9 ! /ruggle = ri*ness & cl>ity1 advantages proce$+ f its fundam5tal nature4 ,= tones are unique 9 our m5tal exp]i5ce z be+ at once m directly expressive ( ! emotional ess5ce ( life ?an any o!r art-mat]ial1 & m susceptible ( ord]ly /ructure4 ,t music is beyond all ! o!r arts directly expressive ( man's deep] passional life sc>cely ne$s !oretic pro(2 ! fact is 9 ! exp]i5ce ( e "o :o has li/5$ to a milit>y b&1 to a homely song lov+ly r5d]$1 or to a ragg$ ,hung>ian ) a viol94 ,^! ?+s take a physical grip ^u our emotions1 !y /ir our diaphragms1 galvanize our sp9es1 & compel u to %iv]1 laugh or weep4 ,comb9$ ) su* physical affections1 moreov]1 are ideas ( indescribable vividness & poignancy4 ,joy & grief1 hope & despair1 s]5ity1 aspiration1 & horror1 fill our he>ts z we li/5 to music4 ,!y come 9 _! pure ess5ce--n z qualities ( some?+ else4 ,& ?is is :at is meant by ! famili> /atem5t t ! o!r arts are repres5tative :ile music is pres5tative4 ,poetry1 pa9t+1 & sculpture %[ u ?+s outside ourselves1 joyful or griev\s ?+s p]haps1 hopeful or desp]ate or beautiful or ugly ?+s1 b /ill ?+s4 ,b music %[s u no?+ b ! qualities1 ! disembodi$ feel+s1 ! passional ess5ces4 ,let ! read] recall = a mom5t ! effects ( pa9t+ or ( poetry1 ! way 9 :i* !y pres5t emotion4 ,is x n always by symbolism1 by indirection8 ,does n ! feel+ m]ely exhale f ! object in/ead ( con/itut+ ! object z x does 9 music8 ,9 look+ at a pa/oral l&scape1 = in/ance1 d we n fir/ ?9k ( ! peaceful sc5e repres5t$1 & only second>ily feel s]5ity itself8 ,9 read+ ,la ,belle ,dame sans ,m]ci is x n only by a process ( associative ?\ght t we come to %udd] ) a s5se ( une>?ly & de/ructive passion8 ,yes1 9 ! repres5tative arts emotion is m]ely adjective2 9 music alone is x sub/antive4 ,we see 9 a portrait a lovely woman2 we behold 9 m>ble a noble y\?2 we read 9 poetry a desp]ate /ory2 9 music1 on ! contr>y1 we he> love1 nobility1 despair4 ,& s9ce ?is emotional life is ! deepe/ reality we "k1 s9ce our intuitions con/itute 9 fact ! v ess5ce ( t _w-_s :i* is b project$ & symboliz$ 9 sky1 sun1 ocean1 />s1 & e>?1 music _c b be a ri*] record ( our ultimate life ?an ^? arts :i* deal ) objects & symbols alone4 ,x is ! p5etration1 ! ultimacy1 ( music t gives x su* extraord9>y p[]4 ,! o!r arts excel x 9 def9it5ess1 9 concret5ess1 9 ! ability to del9eate a sc5e or tell a /ory2 b music surpasses !m all 9 p[] to pres5t ! nak$ & basic facts ( exi/5ce1 ! ess5tial1 in=m+ passions4 ,a second>y & subord9ate advantage ( music proce$s f ! nature ( its mat]ial4 ,tones1 produc$ & controll$ by man1 are f> m easily /amp$ ) ! unity he desires ?an ! objects ( ext]nal nature4 ,^! are /ubborn out] facts1 creat$ )\t reg>d to ! /hetic s5se1 & 9 a ?\s& ways unam5able to x4 ,! great dazzle ( sunlight is too ke5 = human eyes1 :i* p]ceive bett] on dim1 gray days2 _m ( nature's cont\rs are l>g] ?an we c grasp4 ,e pa9t] w tell y t !re are inh>moni\s colors 9 ! sunset1 & "o d>+ critic has gone s f> z to impugn ! vulg>ity ( outl9e ( ! ,am]ican hills4 ,x matt]s n :e!r ! maladju/m5t indicate a fault 9 nature or a limitation 9 man2 ! po9t to note is t ! repres5tative arts deal ) a mat]ial less pliable ?an tones4 ,words1 ! mat]ial ( poetry1 occupy 9 ?is respect a curi\s int]m$iate position4 ,l tones1 !y are man-made1 b1 l out] objects1 !y are giv51 fix$ & indocile to man's /hetic ne$s4 7,we rememb] ! example ( ! hatt]47 ,?\gh made by man1 9 fact1 !y are made n by 8 /hetic b by 8 practical en]gy4 ,!y 7 devis$1 n = beautiful adju/m5t1 b to convey ?\ghts1 & :5 ! poet comes & uses !m to make an art he f9ds !m almo/ z p]v]se z ! pa9t]'s trees & hills4 ,tones1 h[ev]1 h no practical utility :atev]2 n only d !y n exi/ outside ( music1 b !y w\ld be ( no use if !y did4 ,h5ce !y may be *os5 & gr\p$ by ! free /hetic s5se alone1 act+ )\t let or h9drance1 except :at is impos$ by ! ?+ to be express$4 ,= hundr$s ( ye>s man has be5 te/+ & comp>+1 accept+ & reject+1 ! elem5ts ( ! tonal s]ies1 ) ! result t we h to-day ! ladd] or scale ( n9ety-odd def9itely fix$ tones1 out ( :i* all music is compos$4 ,& ?\gh ! s]ies has be5 develop$ :olly by in/9ct1 & x is only )9 ! la/ half-c5tury t ! natural laws und]ly+ x h be5 discov]$1 yet x has be5 built up s sl[ly & t5tatively1 & ) s sure & delicate a s5se ( its int]nal /ructure1 t x is an unsurpassable basis = complex & yet p]fectly h>moni\s tone-comb9ations4 ,9 a ^w1 ! mat]ial ( music is by orig9 self-congru\s1 fitt$ to cle> /ructure1 preorda9$ to an ord] at once ri* & transp>5t4 ,preorda9$ to beauty1 !n1 is ! musician's mat]ial3 & yet ! musician is n exempt$ f ! difficulties ( 8 bro!r arti/s4 ,if !y "w 9 a less pla/ic mat]ial1 he has to gov]n subtl] & m wayw>d =ces4 ,he c atta9 a wond]ful p]fection1 b only ?r\gh unremitt+ labor4 ,8 task is to embody ! turbul5t1 irrational human feel+s 9 s]5e & beautiful =ms4 ,he is to ma/] ! dom9at+1 to reconcile ! w>r+1 to impose unity on ! div]se & ! repellant4 ,moz>t & ,haydn might h&le _! art ) ready ease1 because _! emotions 7 nave2 b ,bee?ov51 :o essay$ to look into ! /ormy & tortur$ he>t ( man1 f\nd himself involv$ 9 a travail ,titanic & int]m9able4 ,nev]!less he did succe$ 9 h>ness+ ! va/ =ces ) :i* he deals1 & 8 success is z conclusive a v9dication z we c\ld desire ( music's p[] to deal ) its pr(\nd v]ities4 ,:5 we ?9k ( ,bee?ov5's immortal works1 immortal bo? by _! /r5g? & by _! beauty1 c we d\bt t music expresses our deepe/ emotional nature ) unrivall$ fullness1 & yet s reconciles x ) itself z to symbolize our highe/ spiritual peace8 ,f ! swelt] & jungle ( exp]i5ce 9 :i* x is our lot to pass our mortal days1 days :i* philosophy _c make :olly rational1 nor love :olly capable ( s]vice1 nor religion :olly s]5e1 we are ?us privileg$ to em]ge1 f "t to "t1 into fair] realms4 ,tantaliz$ ) an unatta9able vision ( ord]1 we turn to art1 & especially to music1 = assurance t our hope is n :olly *im]ical4 ,!n ,music p\rs on mortals ,its beautiful disda94 ,disda9ful x is1 truly1 because x rem9ds u ( ! discord & ! rhy?mless onm>* ( our days4 ,x voices ! passions t h torn & mutilat$ & /ung & bl9d$ u2 we m$itate ! fooli%ness1 ! fatality1 ( our *aotic lives4 ,b beautiful x is also2 & x has be5 wisely said t beauty (f]s u a pl$ge ( ! possible con=mity ( ! s\l ) nature4 ,music1 at once disda9ful & beautiful1 %[s u our deepe/ feel+s1 s wayw>d & tragic 9 exp]i5ce1 m]g$ into ineffable p]fection4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,! expression n? repres5ts n?1 i4 e41 n foll[$ by ! sup]script ?4 ,a numb] ( words 9 ?is book h bo? hyph5at$ & non-hyph5at$ v>iants4 ,= ! words ) bo? v>iants pres5t ! "o m us$ has be5 kept4 ,obvi\s punctuation & o!r pr9t+ errors h be5 correct$4