,,! ,,romantic ,,compos]s ,illu/ration ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,bo/on ,,*icago ,,dallas ,,atlanta ,,san ,,francisco ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,london ,,bombay ,,calcutta ,,madras ,,melb\rne ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,( ,,canada1 ,,limit$ ,,toronto ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,s*umann ,f a wat] color made 9 ,vi5na 9 8 y\? ,! ,,romantic ,,compos]s ,,by ,,daniel ,,gregory ,,mason ,,au?or ,,( ,,f ,,grieg ,,to ,,brahms1 ,,bee?ov5 ,,& ,,8 ,,=]unn]s1 ,,etc4 ,consci\sly or unconsci\sly a new s*ool is be+ f\nd$ on ! basis ( ! ,bee?ov5-,s*ub]t romanticism1 a s*ool :i* we may v5ture to expect w m>k a special epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,,s*umann ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,london3 ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,ltd4 #aidj ,,copyright1 #aijf1 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company4 ,,copyright1 #aicd1 ,,by ,,daniel ,g4 ,,mason4 ,all rights res]v$--no "p ( ?is book may be reproduc$ 9 any =m )\t p]mission 9 writ+ f ! publi%]1 except by a review] :o wi%es to quote brief passages 9 connection ) a review writt5 = inclusion 9 magaz9e or newspap]4 ,set up & electrotyp$4 ,publi%$ ,novemb]1 #aijf4 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,preface ,?is book completes ! s]ies ( /udies ( compos]s & ( _! music1 f ,pale/r9a to ! pres5t day1 :i* 0 begun ) ,f ,grieg to ,brahms 7#aijb71 & cont9u$ 9 ,bee?ov5 & 8 ,=]unn]s 7#aijd74 ,x w be not$ t ^! ?ree volumes %\ld be read 9 an ord] diff]5t f t ( _! publication4 ,fir/ %\ld come ,bee?ov5 & 8 ,=]unn]s1 9 :i* are made a g5]al survey ( ! p]iods ( musical hi/ory & ! pr9ciples ( musical /yle1 & special /udies ( ,pale/r9a1 ,ba*1 ,haydn1 ,moz>t1 & ,bee?ov52 !n ,! ,romantic ,compos]s1 9 :i* ! /ory is tak5 up at ! dea? ( ,bee?ov5 & c>ri$ ?r\gh ! p]iod ( romanticism1 ) essays on ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann1 ,m5delssohn1 ,*op91 ,b]lioz1 & ,liszt2 & f9ally ,f ,grieg to ,brahms1 compris+ /udies ( ! *ief mod]n musicians1 includ+ ,grieg1 ,dvok1 ,sa9t-,sans1 ,franck1 ,ts*ak[sky1 & ,brahms1 & two m g5]al pap]s on ,! ,appreciation ( ,music & ,! ,mean+ ( ,music4 ,?us read1 ! ?ree books %\ld s]ve z a comm5t>y on ! m important individual compos]s1 /hetic pr9ciples1 & hi/orical s*ools 9 mod]n in/rum5tal music4 ,f ! fir/ ,i h _h 9 m9d ! int5tion ( illum9at+ ! musical peculi>ities ( ea* compos] by con/ant ref]5ce to 8 p]sonal "* & temp]am5t4 ,= ?is reason1 :ile ,i h dealt z briefly z possible ) colorless biographical facts1 ,i h made free use ( *>act]i/ic anecdotes1 ( contempor>y descriptions ( appe>ance1 mann]s1 etc41 & ( lett]s & table-talk :]e !y are available4 ,music is inde$ a unique arti/ic m$ium1 & no man c express any?+ 9 x except ?r\gh a te*nical ma/]y :i* has little to d ) 8 "*4 ,yet1 giv5 ! m$ium1 :at he does express is b\nd to be p]meat$ ) 8 peculi> p]sonality2 & z ! g5]al read] c get a mu* cle>] idea ( a human be+ l himself ?an he c ( s subtle a te*nique z t ( music1 x has seem$ bett] to lay /ress on t side1 ev5 ?\gh x is n ! only or p]haps ev5 ! mo/ important "o4 ,) ! object ( keep+ awake1 nev]!less1 ! read]'s s5se ( ^? te*nical me?ods & traditions :i* s l>gely det]m9e ! nature ( all music1 ,i h includ$ 9 ea* book "s pages deal+ ) imp]sonal pr9ciples & hi/orical s*ools4 ,believ+ t "o has no "r to intrude1 9 su* /udies z ^!1 "o's own prejudices1 b %\ld transc5d z f> z possible "o's temp]am5tal limitations1 ,i _h hop$ to be able to ma9ta9 ?r\gh\t ! attitude ( ! *ronicl]1 & to exclude all special plead+4 ,9 ! essays on ,b]lioz & ,liszt ,i h p]haps n a*iev$ ?is deta*m5t ( attitude4 ,realism is a t5d5cy :i* seems to me q mi/ak5 & mis*iev\s 9 music1 & ,i h attack$ x ) "s w>m?4 ,b 9 view ( ! great favor t realism enjoys 9 contempor>y composition1 ! %oals ( writ]s t rally e day to its def5ce1 & ! pot5cy ( its appeal to ! av]age li/5]1 ^: dramatic s5se & pictorial imag9ation are always liveli] ?an 8 purely musical p]ception1 ,i d n greatly fe> t ,i %all dang]\sly di/urb any read]'s critical equilibrium4 ,^! /udies are int5d$ simply z guides to ! music !y discuss4 ,if !y lead ! read] to ! conc]t-hall1 to ! piano1 to ! libr>y ( scores2 if !y help him to he> !mes & _! developm5t :]e be=e he he>d only masses ( agreeable s\nd2 if !y incite him to repeat & analyze 8 musical exp]i5ces1 to li/5 ) 8 m9d z well z 8 e>s1 to /udy a symphony z al]tly z he w\ld /udy a pa9t+ or an essay1--!n only w !y h ju/ifi$ _! exi/5ce4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,,connecticut1 ,octob] #ag1 #aijf4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,i4 ,,introduction3 ,,romanticism ,,9 ,,music #a ,,ii4 ,,franz ,,s*ub]t #fa ,,iii4 ,,rob]t ,,s*umann #ajc ,,iv4 ,,felix ,,m5delssohn #afc ,v4 ,,fr,d,,ric ,,*op9 #aie ,,vi4 ,,hector ,,b]lioz #bec ,,vii4 ,,franz ,,liszt #cjg ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,fac+ ,,page ,,s*umann ,,z ,a ,,"y ,,man ,title ,,s*ub]t #fc ,,s*umann #aje ,,m5delssohn #afe ,,*op9 #aig ,,b]lioz #bee ,,liszt #cji ,i ,,introduction ,,romanticism ,,9 ,,music ,i ,,introduction ,,romanticism ,,9 ,,music ,i ,hi/orians ( music are accu/om$ to speak ( ! fir/ half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury z ! ,romantic ,p]iod 9 music1 & ( ^? compos]s :o imm$iately foll[ ,bee?ov51 includ+ ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann1 ,m5delssohn1 ,b]lioz1 ,*op91 ,liszt1 & "s o!rs1 z ! ,romantic ,compos]s4 ,! ^w romantic1 z ?us us$1 =ms no d\bt a conv5i5t label2 b if we attempt to expla9 its mean+1 we f9d ourselves involv$ 9 sev]al difficulties4 ,7 !re !n no romantici/s be=e ,s*ub]t8 ,h no compos]s writt5 romantically s9ce #ahgj8 ,su* que/ions1 aris+ at once1 lead u inevitably to ! m g5]al inquiry1 ,:at is romanticism8 ,9 ! broade/ s5se 9 :i* ! ^w romanticism c be us$1 ! s5se 9 :i* x is tak51 = example1 by ,pat] 9 ! ,po/script ( 8 ,appreciations1 x seems to mean simply int]e/ 9 novel & /range elem5ts ( arti/ic effect4 ,x is ! addition ( /rang5ess to beauty1 says ,pat]1 t con/itutes ! romantic "* 9 art2 & ! desire ( beauty be+ a fix$ elem5t 9 e arti/ic organization1 x is ! addition ( curiosity to ?is desire ( beauty t con/itutes ! romantic temp]4 ,romanticism is ?us ! innovat+ _s1 z oppos$ to ! cons]v+ _s ( classicism2 romantici/s appe> 9 e age & s*ool2 & ,/5dhal is "r 9 say+ t all good art 0 romantic 9 its day4 ,x is int]e/+1 9 pass+1 to note ! relation ( ?is def9ition to ! widely preval5t notion t romanticism is extravagant & lawless4 ,to ! m9d w$d$ to tradition all novelty is extravagant2 & s9ce an arti/ic =m is grasp$ only aft] consid]able practice1 all new =ms necess>ily appe> =mless at fir/4 ,h5ce1 if we beg9 by say+ t romantic art is novel & /range art1 x requires only a little in]tia or intol]ance 9 our po9t ( view to make u add t x is grotesque & irrational art1 or 9 fact n art at all4 ,critics h (t5 be5 kn[n to arrive at ?is conclusion4 ,sugge/ive z ,pat]'s def9ition is1 h[ev]1 x is obvi\sly too vague & sweep+ to c>ry u f> 9 our que/4 ,x does n expla9 :y ,montev]de1 ) 8 revolution>y dom9ant sev5? *ords1 or ! ,flor5t9e compos]s ( ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury1 ) _! unhe>d-( free recitative1 7 n q z g5u9e romantici/s z ,s*ub]t ) 8 :imsical modulation & ,s*umann ) 8 h>% dissonances4 ,we h /ill to ask :y1 in/ead ( app5d+ our label ( romantic to ! innovators ( c5turies e>li] ?an ! n9ete5?1 we conf9e x to t comp>atively small gr\p ( m5 :o imm$iately foll[$ ,bee?ov54 ,! answ] is to be f\nd 9 ! di/9ctness ( ! break t occurr$ 9 musical developm5t at ?is "t1 ! /rik+ diff]5ce 9 type betwe5 ! compositions ( ,bee?ov5 & ^? ( 8 successors4 ,f ,philipp ,emanuel ,ba* up to ,bee?ov51 ! romanticism ( ea* individual compos] m]ely c>ri$ him a /ep =w>d on a well-e/abli%$ pa?2 x prompt$ him to ref9e "h1 to p>e away !re1 to exp& ?is feature1 to suppress t1 9 a s*eme ( art con/antly matur+1 b reta9+ always its ess5tial "*4 ,) ,bee?ov51 h[ev]1 ?is p>ticul> s*eme ( art1 ( :i* ! type is ! sonata1 ) its high measure ( =mal beauty & its g5]aliz$ expression1 rea*$ a degree ( p]fection beyond :i* x c\ld n = ! mom5t g4 ,! romantic impulse t[>d novelty ( ,bee?ov5's successors _h to satisfy itself1 !re=e1 9 "s o!r way ?an by height5+ ab/ract /hetic beauty or g5]al expressiv5ess2 until new te*nical res\rces c\ld be develop$ ! limit 0 rea*$ 9 ^? directions4 ,bee?ov5 _h himself1 mean:ile1 op5$ ! door on an invit+ vi/a ( possibilities 9 a new field--t ( highly specializ$1 idiosyncratic1 subjective expression4 ,he _h %[n h[ music1 ) ,moz>t s s]5e1 deta*$1 & imp]sonal1 c\ld become a language ( p]sonal feel+1 ( individual passion1 ev5 ( :im1 fantasy1 & humor4 ,x 0 inevitable t ^? :o came aft] him %\ld seek _! novelty1 %\ld satisfy _! curiosity1 along ?is new pa? ( subjectivism & specializ$ expression4 ,& z ?is music ( ! p]son1 z we may call x1 :i* n[ began to be writt51 0 diff]5t n only 9 degree b 9 k9d f ! objective art :i* prep>$ ! way = x1 x is natural t 9 look+ back ^u s /rik+ a new dep>ture we %\ld give x a special "n1 su* z romanticism4 ,z = ! o!r l9e ( dem>cation1 :i* sep>ates ! romantic p]iod f :at we call ! mod]n1 t is purely arbitr>y4 ,mod]n is a conv5i5t "n = u to give to ^? t5d5cies f :i* we h n yet got f> en\gh away to view !m 9 l>ge masses & to describe !m dis9t]e/$ly4 ,z ! blur ( too close a vision ext5ds back = u to #ahgj or !reab\t1 we f9d x wise to let our romantic p]iod1 ab\t :i* we c !orize & =m hypo!ses1 end !re = ! pres5t4 ,b x already seems cle> en\gh t ! preval5t t5d5cy ev5 9 contempor>y music is /ill ! p]sonal & subjective "o t di/+ui%$ ! e>ly romantic p]iod4 ,probably our gr&*ildr5 w ext5d t p]iod f ,bee?ov5's lat] works to ^? ( "s compos] yet unborn4 ,& ?us we h1 9 /udy+ ! romantic compos]s1 ! add$ int]e/ t we are 9 a v real s5se /udy+ ourselves4 ,,ii ,if1 ) a view to gett+ a m precise notion ( ! new t5d5cies1 we ask ourselves n[ :at are ! sali5t diff]5ces betwe5 a classical & a romantic or mod]n piece ( music1 we %all be likely to notice at once c]ta9 traits ( ! latt]1 /rik+ en\gh1 :i* are nev]!less incid5tal r ?an ess5tial to romanticism1 & mu/ be disc\nt$ be=e we c come at its inmo/ nature4 ,^! *anges h come *iefly z a result ( ! g5]al evolution ( musical res\rces1 & ?\gh necess>ily modify+ ! romantic me?ods1 are n prim>y causes or effects ( !m4 ,?us1 = example1 ! n9ete5? c5tury has se5 an extraord9>y developm5t 9 ! me*anism ( all musical in/rum5ts1 & 9 ! skilful use ( !m by musicians4 ,?is is impress$ ^u u by ! mo/ cursory glance at any mod]n or*e/ral score4 ,haydn's & ,moz>t's or*e/ra consi/$ ( a nucleus ( /r+s1 ) a few pairs ( wood & brass w9d in/rum5ts add$ casually = solos or to re9=ce c]ta9 voices 9 ! h>monic tissue4 ,! s*eme 0 fundam5tally mono*romatic1 h[ev] mu* x might be set (f by bits ( color "h & !re4 ,by ! "t ( ,wagn] ! or*e/ra 0 ess5tially a gr\p ( sev]al or*e/ras ( div]s colors3 ! addition ( a ?ird flute1 ( ,engli% horn to ! oboe family1 ( bass cl>9et1 & ( contrafagotto made ea* gr\p ( ! wood-w9d in/rum5ts capable ( fairly complete h>mony2 ! horns 7 increas$ 9 numb] f two to six or eight1 ! bass trumpet made possible complete *ords = ! trumpets1 & !re 7 f\r trombones & a *oir ( tubas4 ,?us1 in/ead ( hav+ a uni=m f\ndation1 ) v>iety m]ely 9 ! trimm+1 ! mod]n or*e/ra has complete1 indep5d5t *oirs ( mo/ v>i\s in/rum5ts1 capable ( all sorts ( comb9ation1 opposition1 & contra/4 ,! mann] ( writ+ = ! or*e/ra *ang$ z mu* z its con/itution4 ,bee?ov5 usually writes ?ree- or f\r-"p h>mony = ! /r+s1 & d\bles ! wood & brass z seems effective4 ,ts*ak[sky & ,wagn] are apt to put an entire family ( in/rum5ts on "o melodic voice1 ano!r on ano!r1 a ?ird on a ?ird--z 9 ! second movem5t ( ! ,symphonie ,pa?tique1 at ! po9t :]e flutes1 oboes1 cl>9ets1 & bassoons s+ ! melody1 :ile fir/ & second viol9s & violas pick an obligato to x4 ,9 a ^w1 mu* m att5tion is paid 9 ! mod]n or*e/ra to ri*ness & v>iety ( tone-color & to an impressioni/ically effective disposition ( ! v>i\s timbres ?an 9 ! classical scores4 ,! same t5d5cy is obs]vable 9 *amb] & pian(orte music4 ,n only are mod]n compos]s fond ( curi\s gr\p+s ( w9d & /r+ in/rum5ts1 z 9 ! trumpet septet ( ,sa9t-,sans1 ! cl>9et qu9tet & horn trio ( ,brahms1 & o!r su* works1 b :5 !y use only ! f\r /r+$ in/rum5ts !y comb9e contra/+ rhy?ms & modes ( phras+1 z well z pizzicato1 ! sord9o1 ! high regi/] ( ! 'cello1 & o!r exotic devices1 ) an unfail+ s5se ( color-values4 ,s*ub]t is ! fir/ conspicu\s example ( ?is sort ( qu>tet writ+2 ,dvok is 8 wor?y foll[]4 ,z = ! piano1 !re is almo/ z mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ! piano writ+ ( ,bee?ov51 s (t5 ?ick1 h>%1 & lumpi%1 & ! ramify+ figuration ( ,s*umann or ! wide1 cle> arpeggiat$ accompanim5ts & fl[]+ scale-figures ( ,*op9 z !re is betwe5 ! color+ ( ,rembr&t & t ( ,monet4 ,all ?is ga9 9 s5su\s ri*ness & te*nical elaboration is1 h[ev]1 to be consid]$ l>gely z a concomitant r ?an a direct result 7?\gh to "s ext5t is 0 t7 ( ! romantic movem5t4 ,x 0 prim>ily m]ely a phase ( t unp>allel$ mat]ial & me*anical progress s *>act]i/ic ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! mod]n or*e/ra & ! mod]n pian(orte are simply special examples ( ! +5uity ( t c5tury 9 me*anical devices2 ! g5ius :i* turn$ ! clavi*ord into ! piano 0 ! same z t :i* sub/itut$ ! propell] = sails1 & ! electric telegraph = ! lumb]+ mail-coa*4 ,b if ?is mod]n me*anical g5ius has inde$ br\ght to ! musician priceless gifts1 x is /ill important to rememb] t p]fect$ me*anisms d n acc\nt = romantic music1 :i* might conceivably h exi/$ )\t !m4 ,in/rum5ts alone _c make music1 any m ?an a /eam d]rick c build a bridge4 ,if we wi% to seize ! true _s ( ! mod]n musical art1 we mu/1 aft] all1 leave or*e/ra1 & piano1 & s5su\s value beh9d1 & asc]ta9 to :at use compos]s h turn$ all ^! res\rces1 & to :at mann] ( expression1 embodi$ 9 :at k9d ( =ms1 !y h be5 spurr$ by ! romantic _s4 ,,iii ,difficult to make1 & dang]\s :5 made1 z are sweep+ g5]alizations ab\t s _m-sid$ a matt] z ! expressive "* ( :ole s*ools or eras ( art1 !re seem to be g5]ic diff]5ces betwe5 classical & romantic expression :i* we c h>dly avoid rem>k+1 & ( :i* x is wor? :ile to attempt a t5tative def9ition1 especially if we premise t x is to be sugge/ive r ?an absolute4 ,! con/ant g5]ality ( classical expression1 & ! objectivity ( attitude :i* x indicates 9 ! work]1 _c b /rike ! mod]n /ud5t1 especially if he contra/s !m ) ! exactly opposite features ( contempor>y art4 ,! classical ma/]s aim1 n at p>ticul>ity & m9ut5ess ( expression1 b at ! congru\s sett+ =? ( c]ta9 broad types ( feel+4 ,!y are jeal\s ( proportion1 vigilant to ma9ta9 ! balance ( ! :ole "w1 rigor\s 9 ! exclusion ( any s+le feature t might ?r\gh undue prom95ce di/ort or m> its outl9es4 ,_! attitude t[>d _! "w is deta*$1 imp]sonal1 dis9t]e/$--a purely craftsmanlike attitude1 at ! fur!/ pole f ! passionate subjectivity ( our mod]n tone-poets4 ,j4 ,s4 ,ba*1 = example1 ! sov]eign _s ( ?is s*ool1 is always conc]n$ prim>ily ) ! pla/ic problem ( weav+ 8 wond]ful tonal patt]ns2 we feel t :at ^! patt]ns turn out to express1 ev5 ?\gh x be ( great1 & inde$ (t5 ( supreme1 poignancy1 is 9 8 m9d q a second>y matt]4 ,! preludes & fugues ( ! ,well-temp]$ ,clavi*ord are monum5ts ( ab/ract beauty1 r ?an messages1 pleas1 or illu/rations4 ,& ev5 :5 _! emotional burd5 is s weighty z 9 ! ,b-flat m9or prelude or ! ,b-m9or fugue ( ! fir/ book1 x /ill rema9s g5]al &1 z x 71 communal4 ,ba* is n reliev+ 8 private m9d2 he is act+ z a public spokesman1 z a tru/ee ( ! emotion ( a race or nation4 ,?is gives 8 utt]ance a scope1 a dignity1 a nobility1 t _c be acc\nt$ = by 8 m]ely p]sonal "*4 ,haydn & ,moz>t illu/rate ! same attitude 9 a diff]5t dep>tm5t ( music4 ,_! symphonies & qu>tets are almo/ z imp]sonal z 8 preludes & fugues4 ,! sub/ance ( all ,haydn's be/ "w is ! folk-music ( ! ,croatians1 a bran* ( ! ,slavic race2 its gaiety1 ela/icity1 & +5u\sness are ,slavic r ?an m]ely ,haydni%4 ,x is true t he idealizes ! music ( 8 p1 z a gift$ individual w always idealize any popul> art he t\*es2 b he rema9s true to 8 s\rce1 & accurately repres5tative ( x1 j z ! f9e/ tree conta9s only ^? elem5ts :i* x c draw f ! soil 9 :i* x gr[s4 ,moz>t1 m p]sonal ?an ,haydn1 %>es ) him ! alo(ness1 ! retic5ce1 ( classicism4 ,:at c\ld be m ,greek1 m cele/ially remote1 ?an ! ,g-m9or ,symphony1 or ! qu9tet 9 ! same key8 ,:at c\ld be less a detail$ biography ( a h]o1 m an ideal sublimation ( 8 ess5tial "*1 ?an ! ,jupit] ,symphony8 ,& ev5 9 su* a deeply emotional conception z ! introduction to ! ,c-major qu>tet1 c we label any specific emotion8 ,c we po9t to ! measures & say1 ,"h is grief2 "h is disappo9tm5t2 "h is unrequit$ love8 ,9 ,bee?ov5 we become consci\s ( a gradually *ang+ ideal ( expression4 ,!re are /ill !mes1 movem5ts1 entire works1 9 :i* ! dom9ant impulse is ! ar*itectonic zeal ( classicism2 & !re is ! evid5ce ( ! sket*books t ?is passionate individuali/ c\ld subject himself to endless discipl9e 9 ! que/ ( pure pla/ic beauty4 ,b !re are o!r ?+s1 su* z ! ?ird1 fif?1 & n9? symphonies1 ! ,egmont & ,coriolanus ov]tures1 ! sl[ movem5t ( ! ,g-major conc]to 7t pr(\ndly pa!tic dialogue betwe5 de/9y & ! human he>t71 & ! lat] qu>tets1 9 :i* a novel p>ticul>ity & subjectivity ( utt]ance make !mselves felt4 ,9 su* works ! self-=getful arti/1 hav+ 8 vic>i\s life only 9 ! s]5e beauty ( 8 creations1 disappe>s1 & ,ludwig van ,bee?ov51 bur/+ ) a ?\s& emotions t mu/ out1 /eps into 8 place & comm&s our att5tion1 nobly egoti/ic1 magnific5tly individual4 ,& !n !re is ! ,pa/oral ,symphony1 9 :i* he turns l&scape pa9t]1 & ) m9ute/ details ( bird-notes & %eph]ds' songs & peasants' dances del9eates ! ext]nal objects1 z well z celebrates ! inn] _s1 ( ! c\ntryside4 ,^! ?+s m>k ! bir? ( romanticism4 ,= romanticism is1 9 ess5ce1 j ?is mod]n subjectivity & individualism1 j ?is %ift+ ( ! emphasis f ab/ract beauty1 ) its undiff]5tiat$ expressiv5ess1 to p]sonal communication1 m9ute int]e/ 9 ! utt]mo/ detail1 impassion$ insi/5ce on ea* emotion = itself r ?an z a subord9ate memb] 9 an articulate organism1 &1 9 extreme cases1 to concrete objects1 p]sons1 & sc5es 9 ! extra-musical _w4 ,musicians s9ce ,bee?ov5 h incl9$ to exploit m & m t aspect ( _! art :i* is analog\s to language1 ev5 :5 ?is means neglect ( ! o!r aspect1 ! ne>e/ analogue ( :i* is to be f\nd 9 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 & decorative pa9t+4 ,! mod]n wat*word has come to be initiative r ?an ob$i5ce1 orig9ality r ?an skill1 individuality r ?an tru? to univ]sal human nature4 ,x is1 aft] all1 "o impulse1 ! impulse t[>d specialization1 t runs ?r\gh all ! v>i\s manife/ations ( ! romantic _s1 & may be trac$ alike 9 ! lyricism ( ,s*ub]t1 ! fanciful :imsicality ( ,s*umann1 ! picturesqu5ess ( ,m5delssohn1 ! introspection ( ,*op91 & ! realism ( ,b]lioz & ,liszt4 ,9 ,s*ub]t1 ! fir/ ( ! out-&-out romantici/s1 & ! elde/ ( !m all 9 po9t ( "t 78 bir? date falls 9 ! eighte5? c5tury71 we f9d a curi\s graft+ ( a new _s on an old /em4 ,br\ght up on ! qu>tets & symphonies ( ,haydn & ,moz>t1 mak+ 8 fir/ /udies 9 boyi%ly lit]al imitation ( !m1 he acquir$ ! lett] ( ! classical idiom z none ( ! o!rs save ,m5delssohn ev] did4 ,8 works 9 sonata =m1 writt5 up to #ahaf1 might well h emanat$ f ,e/]haz or ,salzburg2 ! ,c-major ,symphony1 s f> z g5]al plan is conc]n$1 w\ld h done no discr$it to ,bee?ov54 ,yet ! _s ( ,s*ub]t is always lyrical4 ,x 0 fat$ f 8 bir? t he %\ld write songs1 = 8 0 a typically s5tim5tal temp]am5t2 & :5 he plann$ a symphony1 he in/9ctively conceiv$ x z a s]ies ( songs = in/rum5ts1 some:at m develop$ ?an ^? int5d$ = a voice1 b h>dly diff]5t 9 k9d4 ,z a naturali/ c recon/ruct 9 fancy an ext9ct animal f a fossil jaw-bone1 a musical hi/orian might piece out a fair conception ( :at romanticism is1 9 ! de>? ( o!r evid5ce1 f a /udy ( ,erlknig1 or ,/nd*51 or ,am ,me]2 & ! ideas he might ?us =m w\ld be ext5d$ r ?an alt]$ by acqua9tance ) ! ,unf9i%$ ,symphony or ! ,d-m9or ,qu>tet4 ,! lyrical ,s*ub]t contra/s always ) ! h]oic & imp]sonal ,ba* or ,bee?ov51 mu* z ,t5nyson contra/s ) ,%akespe>e1 or ,!ocritus ) ,sophocles4 ,s*umann adds to ! lyrical ardor ( ,s*ub]t insatiable y\?ful en?usiasm1 :imsicality1 a ri*ly poetic fancy1 & a t\* ( my/icism4 ,8 songs are ev5 m p]sonal ?an ,s*ub]t's1 & 8 piano pieces1 especially ! e>ly ones1 bri/le ) ecc5tricities4 ,! p>ticul>ity1 m9ute detail1 & p]sonal connotation ( ! ,abegg ,v>iations1 ! ,davidsbnd]tnze1 ! ,papillons1 ! ,c>naval1 ! ,kreisl]iana1 are almo/ grotesque4 ,he confides to u1 ?r\gh ?is music1 8 fri5d%ips1 8 flirtations1 8 c\rt%ip1 8 critical sympa?ies1 8 arti/ic cre$1 8 lit]>y devotions4 ,nev] 0 music s circum/antial1 s autobiographic4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 :5 he _h pass$ out ( ! en*ant$ circle ( y\?ful egotism1 & 0 /riv+ = a m univ]sal spee*1 8 po9t ( view became n ess5tially less p]sonal b only less wayw>d4 ,till ! la/ 8 art is vividly self-consci\s--t is 8 *>m & 8 limitation4 ,no "o has s t\*+ly voic$ ! aspirations ( ! imprison$ s\l1 no "o has put m$itation & introspection into tones1 z he has done 9 ! adagio ( ! ,c-major ,symphony1 ! ,fun]al ,m>* ( ! ,qu9tet1 ! ,f-%>p major ,romance = piano4 ,if ,s*umann s\nds1 z no o!r c1 ! :ole gamut ( feel+ ( a s5sitive mod]n s\l1 ,m5delssohn1 q dissimil> 9 temp]am5t1--correct1 res]v$1 dispassionate1--is nev]!less also romantic by virtue ( 8 picturesqu5ess1 8 ke5 s5se = ! pageantry ( life1 8 delicate skill z an illu/rator ( nature & ( imag9ative lit]ature4 ,8 ,songs )\t ,words reveal a /ra9 ( mild lyricism1 b he is nev] intimate or reckless1 he nev] :olly reveals himself4 ,8 discreet objectivity is f> remov$ f ! frankly subjective en?usiasms ( ,s*ub]t & ,s*umann4 ,he 01 9 fact1 by tradition1 tra9+1 & native ta/e1 a classici/2 ! exhibition ( deep feel+ 0 di/a/eful to 8 fa/idi\s retic5ce2 & he is ?us emotionally less *>act]i/ic ( 8 p]iod ?an any ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,b = all t he %[s unmi/akably 9 ! felicity ( 8 tone-pa9t+ ! mod]n int]e/ 9 picturesque detail1 9 ! concrete circum/ance1 ! significant p>ticul>4 ,illu/ration r ?an ab/ract beauty--t is "o ( ! special int]e/s ( ! new s*ool4 ,no "o has cultivat$ x m happily ?an ! compos] ( ! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream music1 ! ,hebrides ,ov]ture1 & ! ,scot* & ,italian ,symphonies4 ,*op9 pres5ts an ev5 m s+ul> in/ance ?an ,s*umann af=ds ( :at introspection c make ( a compos]1 ( h[ resolute self-communion c individualize 8 "w until its int5se p]sonal savor keeps little to rem9d u ( o!r music4 ,all ,*op9's ta/es 7 s ari/ocratic t ! exclusiv5ess ( 8 /yle seems a matt] ( c\rse1 & 0 probably to 8 m9d a supreme m]it4 ,& if x deb>r$ him f "s musical exp]i5ces1 if x made 8 music s\nd bett] 9 a draw+-room ?an 9 a conc]t hall1 x c]ta9ly gave x a m>vell\s delicacy1 f9esse1 orig9ality1 & fragile beauty4 ,x is1 s to speak1 valetud9>ian music1 & pres]ves its pure :ite complexion only by nev] v5tur+ into ! full sunlight4 ,"h1 !n1 is ano!r diff]5tiation 9 musical /yle1 a fre% dep>ture f ! classic norm1 due to ! exact+ ta/e ( ! m5tal ari/ocrat1 ! c>efully self-b\nd$ dream] & syb>ite4 ,m>k$ly specializ$ z ! expression is1 h[ev]1 9 ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann1 ,m5delssohn1 & ,*op91 & /rik+ly contra/$ z x is ) ! s]5e g5]ality ( ! classical music1 ! two s*ools aft] all diff] r 9 ! degree ( emphasis !y lay on ! v>i\s elem5ts ( effect ?an 9 k9d4 ,bo?1 we feel1 are us+ ! same means1 ?\gh to su* diff]5t ends4 ,b ) ,b]lioz & ,liszt we pass into a new _w1 9 :i* n only emphasis & int5tion1 b ! actual mat]ials & ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( art1 h und]gone a *ange4 ,^! m5 h pu%$ ! romantic concret5ess ev5 beyond ! range ( s5tim5ts & emotions1 to invade t ( facts & ev5ts4 ,!y are no long] satisfi$ ) ! m9uti ( feel+s2 !y mu/ depict = u ! ext]nal appe>ance ( ! p :o feel1 give u n only h]oes1 b ^! h]oes' coats1 ) ! exact numb] ( buttons & ! prop] cut1 accord+ to ! fa%ion ( ! p>ticul> decade4 ,if ,s*umann & 8 fell[s are ! s5tim5tal noveli/s ( music1 ! ,?ack]ays & ! ,george ,eliots1 "h are ! naturali/s1 ! sci5tific analy/s1 ! reali/s ) microscope & scalpel 9 h&1 ! ,zolas & ! ,gorkys4 ,?is insi/5ce on ! lett] is q in/9ctive ) ,b]lioz4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he 0 a ,fr5*man2 & ! ,fr5* h a g5ius = ! concrete1 & 9 music h %[n _! bias by approa*+ x always f ! dramatic1 hi/rionic po9t ( view4 ,op]a is ! norm ( music to ! ,fr5*man4 ,= him1 music orig9ates 9 ! op]a-h\se1 q z inevitably z = ! ,g]man x orig9ates 9 ! conc]t room4 ,b]lioz's symphonies1 !re=e1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 took ! =m ( op]as1 ) ! *>act]s & action suppress$ or relegat$ to ! imag9ation4 ,9 ! second place1 ! active impulses 9 ,b]lioz's p]sonal temp]am5t pr$om9at$ ov] ! contemplative to a degree unusual ev5 9 8 c\ntrym52 he conceiv$ a "w ( art 9 t]ms n ( emotion b ( action2 & 8 musical ?9k+ 0 a sort ( n>ration 9 tones4 ,he accord+ly wrote1 ) +5u\s spontaneity1 9 a /yle t 01 f ! ,g]man /&po9t1 revolution>y1 unprec$5t$1 iconocla/ic--a /yle ! ess5ce ( :i* 0 its matt]-(-fact realism4 ,8 ,symphonie ,fanta/ique1 :i* ,mr4 ,had[ calls 8 mo/ uncompromis+ piece ( program music1 sets =? ! adv5tures ( a h]o 7^: id5tity ) ! compos] is obvi\s7 9 five movem5ts or acts1 & ) ! mo/ s$ul\s p>ticul>ity4 ,we fir/ see him /ruggl+ ) love1 torm5t$ by jeal\sy1 consol$ by religion2 !n 9 a ball-room1 paus+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! dance to muse on 8 belov$2 !n 9 ! c\ntry1 li/5+ to idyllic %eph]ds & he>+ ! summ] ?und]4 ,he dreams t he has murd]$ ! belov$1 t he is to be behead$ at ! guillot9e2 he is surr\nd$ by wit*es1 8 mi/ress has h]self become a wit*1 ! ,dies ,ir clangs its knell ( dea? across ! wild *aos ( ! dance4444 ,n[ 9 all ?is ! /rik+ po9t is ! concret5ess ( ! imag]y1 ! pl5itude ( detail1 ! n>rative & descriptive lit]alness ( ! treatm5t--& above all ! subord9ation ( ! music to a m]ely symbolic function4 ,b]lioz "h br+s into prom95ce = ! fir/ "t ! device1 s frequ5t 9 lat] op]atic & program music1 ( treat+ 8 !mes or motives z symbols ( 8 *>act]s1 associat$ ) ^! by a purely arbitr>y b nev]!less effective bond4 ,:5 we he> ! melody we are expect$ to ?9k ( ! "*1 & all ! *anges rung on x are prompt$ n by ! desire = musical developm5t1 b by psy*ological consid]ations connect$ ) ! dramatic action4 ,?us1 = example1 9 ?is symphony ! motive kn[n z l'ide fixe repres5ts ! belov$2 its fragm5t>y appe>ances 9 ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? movem5ts tell u t ! ?\ght ( h] is pass+ ?r\gh our h]o's m9d2 & 9 ! la/ movem5t1 :5 %e endues ! horrid =m ( a wit*1 we he> a di/ort$1 grotesque v]sion ( x s>donically :i/l$ by ! piccolo4 ,highly *>act]i/ic ( ,b]lioz is ?is use ( melodies1 s de>ly valu$ 9 classic music = !mselves alone1 z m]e c\nt]s = tell+ (f ! incid5ts 9 ! plot1 or cues = ! entrances ( ! dramatis p]son4 ,liszt1 a man ( ke5] musical p]ception ?an ,b]lioz1 plac$ himself also1 9 ob$i5ce to 8 /rong dramatic s5se1 on ! same arti/ic plat=m4 ,9 su* a "w z ! ,fau/ ,symphony we disc]n a m musical nature produc+ practically ! same k9d ( music4 ,!re is ! same n>rative & descriptive int5tion2 ! ?ree movem5ts take _! names f ! *ief *>act]s 9 ! action1 ,fau/1 ,gret*51 & ,mephi/opheles2 & ?\gh ! second is m g5]al 9 expression ?an ,b]lioz ev] is1 ! o!r two are good examples ( 8 me?od4 ,!re is also ! same ma*9]y ( lead+ motives & _! manipulation accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( symbolism1 ev5 to ! p>ody+ ( ! ,fau/ !mes 9 ! ,mephi/opheles section4 ,9 ! symphonic poem1 ,les ,prludes1 h[ev] 7& 9 ! ,dante ,symphony & o!r compositions71 ,liszt %[s 8 ,g]man blood 9 a treatm5t m imag9ative1 ! actuat+ subjects be+ (t5 n p]sons & ev5ts1 b emotional & m5tal /ates4 ,b ! fact t _m ( ! trans=mations ( ! !mes are f ! musical /&po9t trave/ies1 ju/ifi$ only by _! psy*ological int5tion1 %[s t ! attitude ev5 "h is /ill t ( ! dramati/1 n t ( ! ab/ract musician4 ,! art1 9 a ^w1 is /ill repres5tative1 n pres5tative & self-suffic+4 ,aga91 ! repres5tative function ( music = ,liszt is %[n by 8 t5d5cy to approa* composition indirectly1 & ?r\gh extrane\s int]e/s ( 8 _m-sid$ m9d1 in/ead ( ) ! classic s+le-m9d$ness3 8 pieces are sugge/$ by natural sc5]y1 hi/orical *>act]s1 philosophic ab/ractions1 poems1 novels1 & ev5 /atues & pictures4 ,9 all ^! ways & degrees we see exemplifi$ ! incl9ation ( ! n9ete5?-c5tury compos]s to seek a m & m def9ite1 p>ticul>1 & concrete type ( expression4 ,subjective %ades & nuances take ! place ( ! gr\nd-colors ( classicism2 music comes to h s p]sonal a flavor t x is z impossible to conf\nd a piece ( ,*op9 ) "o ( ,s*umann z x is difficult1 by int]nal evid5ce alone1 to say :e!r ,moz>t or ,haydn is ! au?or ( an unfamili> symphony2 ultimately1 insi/5ce ^u special emotions op5s ! way to absorption 9 :at is ev5 m special--individual *>act]s1 ev5ts1 & situations1--& on ! heels ( ! lyrical treads ! reali/ic4 ,! arti/ic /ream ?us rev]ses ! habit ( natural /reams3 z x gets f>!r & f>!r f its s\rce x subdivides & subdivides itself aga91 until x is no long] a s+le l>ge body1 b a multitude ( isolat$ brooks & rivulets4 ,our contempor>y music1 unlike ! classical1 is n ! expression ( a s+le social consci\sness1 b r a het]og5e\s aggregate ( ! utt]ances ( _m individuals4 ,:at is mo/ captivat+ ab\t x is ! s5sitive fidelity ) :i* x reflects its compos]s' idiosyncrasies4 ,,iv ,all ?+s human1 h[ev]1 h _! price1 & romanticism is no exception to ! rule4 ,! compos]s ( ! romantic p]iod1 9 becom+ m p>ticul>1 grew 9 ! same proportion less univ]sal2 9 b[+ to ! inexorable evolution>y =ce t makes ea* mod]n man a speciali/1 !y inevitably sacrific$ some?+ ( ! bread?1 ! ca?olicity1 ! magnanimity1 ( ! old "t4 ,x is d\btless a s5se ( "s su* loss z ?is1 dogg+ l a %ad[ all our ga9s1 t takes u back p]iodically to a new appreciation ( ! classics4 ,!re is (t5 a feel+ ( relief1 ( fre] brea?+ & ampl] leisure1 z :5 we leave ! confusion ( ! city = ! l>ge peace ( ! c\ntry1 9 turn+ f ! mod]n complexities to ! old simplicities1 & =gett+ t !re is any music b ,ba*'s4 ,! reasons = ?is contra/ betwe5 ! two s*ools mu/ ( c\rse lie deeply hidd5 9 ! psy*ology ( /hetics1 b a clew to !m at lea/ may be f\nd ne> at h&1 9 ! conditions ( life1 ! ev]yday environm5ts1 ( ! two gr\ps ( arti/s4 ,x has (t5 be5 rem>k$ t ! compos]s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury h be5 m5 ( m cultivation1 ( great] intellectual ela/icity & result+ bread? ( int]e/1 ?an _! pr$ecessors4 ,pale/r9a1 ,ba*1 ,h&el1 ,haydn1 ,moz>t1 ev5 ,bee?ov51 conc5trat+ _! :ole m9ds on music1 7 f> less curi\s z to o!r human pursuits ?an _! lat] bre?r54 ,! six compos]s we are /udy+ are impressive in/ances ( ?is mod]n _m-sid$ness ( m9d4 ,at lea/ ?ree ( !m1 ,s*umann1 ,b]lioz1 & ,liszt1 7 skill$ j\rnali/s & m5 ( lett]s2 ,s*umann ) ! f9ely judicial1 fancifully conceiv$ sket*es ( 8 ,new ,j\rnal ( ,music1 ,b]lioz ) 8 brilliant1 fanta/ically humor\s feuilletons1 & ,liszt ) 8 propag&a1 9 book & pamphlet1 ( ,wagn]1 ,*op91 & o!r contempor>ies4 7,fancy ,ba* int]rupt+ 8 /eady /ream ( cantatas to write an exposition ( ! g5ius ( ,h&el67 ,s*umann 01 moreov]1 some?+ ( a poet1 & ,m5delssohn 0 "o ( ! mo/ volum9\s & picturesque ( lett]-writ]s4 ,*op9 0 z v]s$ 9 social z 9 musical graces & ,liszt 0--:at 0 he n8--a c\rti]1 a ,lovelace1 a man ( ! _w1 & an abb4 ,s*ub]t alone1 ( !m all ! elde/ & ! ne>e/ to classical traditions1 0 a compos] pure & simple4 ,! v]satility ( ^! m5 0 no accid5t or freak ( co9cid5ce2 x 0 ! effective trait t made _! "w s pr(usely allusive1 s vividly m9ute1 9 %ort1 s romantic4 ,& :at is m to our purpose j "h1 x 0 ! und]ly+ cause ( a defect :i* is q z symptomatic ( romanticism z its m]its4 ,s v>i\s a m5tal activity mu/ ne$s lack some?+ 9 dep?2 if att5tion is spread wide x mu/ be spread ?92 ?\ght giv5 to avocations mu/ be borr[$ f ! vocation4 ,we %\ld expect to f9d1 accord+ly1 division ( en]gy result+1 "h z else:]e1 9 a lack ( conc5tration1 a failure ( p[]2 & h]e9 we are n disappo9t$4 ,) ! possible exception ( ,m5delssohn1 no "o ( our six compos]s c comp>e1 simply z a h&icraftsman1 ) ,ba* or ,moz>t4 ,s*ub]t 0 s little a contrapunti/ t he _h j engag$ lessons :5 dea? int]rupt$ 8 brief c>e]4 ,s*umann & ,*op9 gave 9 _! y\? innum]able h\rs t %\ld h c\nt$ = sy/ematic to r\t9e ! fanciful improvisation s s$uctive to poetic temp]am5ts4 ,b]lioz kick$ d[n all ! f5ces 9 8 colti% days1 & ev] aft] look$ askance at ! arti/ic h>ness4 ,liszt1 = all 8 diabolical clev]ness1 rema9$ ! slave ( mann]isms1 & became a dupe ( 8 own rhetorical /yle4 ,n[ !re is d\btless 9 all ?is wayw>dness some?+ t /rikes 9 u a *ord su* z vibrates 9 sympa?y ) ! small boy :o1 reg>dless ( b>b$ wire1 invades ! or*>d & c>ries (f ! delectable gre5 apples4 ,x is a f9e ?+ to be "y1 x is glori\s to be free4 ,b sob] second ?\ght rel5tlessly foll[s3 we "k t apples mu/ be s5t to m>ket 9 due c\rse1 & t t excit+ gre5 fruit is1 aft] all1 indige/ible & unripe2 & we "k equally t musicians mu/ und]go _! appr5tice%ip1 & t all art execut$ )\t adequate te*nical ma/]y is crude4 ,! crudity ( ! art ( our musical or*>d-robb]s becomes at once evid5t :5 we comp>e a s+le melody1 or an entire movem5t1 ( ,s*ub]t or 8 successors ) "o by ,moz>t or ,bee?ov54 ,! s+le melody is ! molecule ( music1 ! smalle/ elem5t 9 x t _c be subdivid$ )\t loss ( "*4 ,e great melody has an indef9able di/9ction1 a sort ( p]sonal flavor or individuality1 :i* we may disc]n b _c analyze4 ,x has also1 h[ev]1 an organic quality1 dep5d+ ^u bo? ! unity & ! v>iety ( its phraseology1 t we c to a c]ta9 ext5t /udy & def9e4 ,assum+1 to />t )1 ! subtle di/9ction )\t :i* x w\ld s9k into ! commonplace1 we c comp>e & contra/ x ) o!r melodies 9 respect ( its organic quality1 its simultane\s pres5tation ( unity & v>iety--9 a ^w1 its pla/ic beauty4 ,su* a melody z ! second !me ( ! fir/ movem5t ( ,moz>t's ,g-m9or ,qu9tet1 = example1 ga9s a wond]ful *>m f ! complexity1 & at ! same "t ! f9al simplicity1 ( its phrase /ructure4 ,! sev]al musical figures1 or motives1 ( :i* x is compos$ foll[ ea* o!r )\t ! lea/ impression ( crass me*anical dovetail+2 yet "o feels1 z !y proce$1 su* a s5se ( logical progression1 ( ord]ly sequ5ce1 t ! f9al cad5ce seems l an audible ,q4 ,e4 ,d4 ,contra/$ ) su* dext]\s phrase-weav+ z ?is1 _m ( ,s*ub]t's & ,s*umann's tunes1 ) _! lit]al repetitions ( %ort phrases1 _! set !sis & anti!sis1 seem pitifully bald & trite4 ,x is h>dly fair to take extreme cases1 b !y be/ br+ out ! po9t4 ,s*ub]t's ,drang 9 die ,f]ne1 t5 consecutive measures ( :i* repeat lit]ally ! same rhy?m1 & ! !me 9 ,s*umann's ,abegg ,v>iations1 9 :i* a s+le phrase recurs sixte5 times1 w make x almo/ pa9fully evid5t4 ,?is t5d5cy to rhy?mic monotony1 to an unv>i$ s+song reit]ation ( phrase1 besets con/antly ^! two compos]s1 too (t5 takes ,*op9 9 its grasp1 & 9 ,m5delssohn is aggravat$ by an incl9ation to /ay 9 "o key1 page aft] page1 until our heads droop ) dr[s9ess4 ,b]lioz1 on ! o!r h&1 errs 9 ! opposite direction4 ,v>iety1 ) him1 deg5]ates into a *aotic miscellane\sness1 & :at %\ld be an agreeably div]sifi$ l&scape becomes a pa?less jungle4 ,9 bo? cases !re is a failure ( ! con/ructive faculty1 due to a lack ( m5tal cord9ation & conc5tration4 ,! price paid = int]e/+ detail is monotony or in/ability 9 ! organism4 ,simil> weaknesses reveal !mselves :5 we pass f consid]+ ! elem5tal melodies to survey ! ways 9 :i* !y are built up into l>g] sections & :ole movem5ts--:5 we pass1 t is1 f =m to /ructure4#a ,none ( ! romantic compos]s atta9$ a bread?1 div]sity1 & solidity ( con/ruction 9 any wise comp>able to ,bee?ov5's4 ,s*ub]t 0 intellectually too indol5t1 if n indiff]5t1 to attempt intricate syn!ses ( 8 mat]ials1 b reli$ in/ead on _! primitive *>m to ju/ify endless repetitions4 ,s*umann1 less tol]ant ( platitude1 & gift$ ) m int5se1 if h>dly m discipl9$1 imag9ation1 resort$ to con/ant kaleidoscopic *ange1 result+ 9 ^? mosaic =ms :i* are relat$ to true cyclic =ms mu* z a panorama is relat$ to a picture4 ,m5delssohn 0 naturally a bett] ma/] ( con/ruction1 b ! knots he ties are some:at loose & incl9$ to ravel out4 ,*op91 a born m9iaturi/1 obvi\sly fails to make 8 sonatas & conc]tos any?+ b *ance bundles ( lyrical pieces4 ,z = ,b]lioz & ,liszt1 !y frankly fac$ _! dilemma1 & _h ! %rewdness to disclaim ! desire to d t = :i* !y want$ ! faculty4 ,!y fell back on ! poetic =ms1 & let _! works pile up )\t int]nal coh]5ce1 held toge!r only by ! ?read ( ! /ory !y 7 illu/rat+4 ,= ?is failure to "w out ! highe/ degree ( pla/ic beauty possible to !m1 ! romantici/s frequ5tly h to pay 9 a s]i\s loss ( p[]4 ,ke5ly int]e/+ z are ! details ( _! "w1 ! :ole impression is apt to lack fusion1 cle>ness1 integrity4 ,n )\t t]rible risks may ! musician neglect =m1 s9ce =m is itself1 = him1 p]haps m ?an = any ( 8 bro!r arti/s 9 o!r m$iums1 a fundam5tal means ( expression4 ,( ?is matt] popul> ?\ght is incl9$ to take a sup]ficial view2 x is fond ( confus+ vital =m ) dry =malism1 ( speak+ contemptu\sly ( =mal analysis z ! p$antic dissection ( lovely melodies1 ! pluck+ & c\nt+ ( ! petals ( ! fl[]s ( art1 & ( reit]at+ ad nauseam its irritat+ half-tru?1 ,music is ! language ( ! emotions4 ,popul> ?\ght w\ld d well to pause & consid]2 to ask itself :e!r language too has n its =m1 )\t :i* x is un9telligible2 to inquire h[ mu* ( ! expressive p[] ( a lovely melody w\ld rema9 7 its pit* & "t relations 7t is1 its =m7 mat]ially alt]$1 h[ long we c\ld be inspir$ by ! mo/ excit+ rhy?ms1 7 !y ceaselessly reit]at$ )\t relief1 & h[ eloqu5t we %\ld f9d ev5 ! mo/ mov+ symphony1 7 x writt5 all 9 "o key1 or 9 sev]al keys t _h no relation to "o ano!r4 ,su* consid]ation soon sugge/s ! tru?1 :i* impresses u ! m ! m deeply we /udy music1 t !re is a g5]al expressiv5ess und]ly+ all p>ticul> expressions1 a fundam5tal beauty by :i* all special beauties are n\ri%$ z fl[]s are n\ri%$ by ! soil1 a symmetry & ord]ly organization t c no m be disp5s$ ) 9 music )\t crippl+ its eloqu5ce ?an a normal regul>ity ( ! features c be disp5s$ ) 9 ! human face )\t di/ort+ x into absurdity or debas+ x into ugl9ess4 ,)\t its p]vasive pres5ce1 all special features1 h[ev] amus+ or sup]ficially appeal+1 fail to inspire or *>m4 ,!y become z wild fl[]s pluck$ to langui% indoors1 z seawe$s tak5 f _! natural sett+ ( liquid coolness4 ,or aga91 ! p>ticul> expressions ( music may be comp>$ to ! /r+s ( an in/rum5t1 ( :i* ! s\nd+ bo>d is pla/ic beauty2 )\t its sympa!tic re9=cem5t ! /r+s1 /rike !m z we may1 give =? a sc>cely audible murmur2 ) x1 !re is cle> & p[]ful sonority4 ,s ! mo/ +5i\s music is dull & dead if x lack ! vitality ( organic =m1 b if x be beautiful x w make its way directly to ! he>t4 ,x is surely n necess>y to add t ?is discussion ( ! primal importance ( =m is n int5d$ to impea* all romantic music z defici5t 9 ! appeal t beauty alone c make4 ,?is 7 inde$ a r$uctio ad absurdum4 ,mu* ( ! music ( ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann1 ,m5delssohn1 & ,*op9 is ( ! r>e/ beauty1 &1 by ! same tok51 ( ! mo/ mov+ eloqu5ce4 ,! int5tion ( our analysis is r to secure t aid to ! appreciation ( j su* beauties :i* discrim9ation alone c give1 & by means ( comp>ison to %>p5 ! focus ( our m5tal image ( :at romanticism a*ieves & ( :at x fails to a*ieve4 ,at its be/1 we %all rejoice to f9d1 x %>es ! s]5e lovel9ess1 ! imp]sonal gr&eur1 ( classicism4 ,at its less ?an be/1 x (f]s u a vivid intellectual int]e/1 a ke5 pleasure 9 foll[+ its wide ramifications & its fai?ful illu/rations ( _m phases ( life4 ,at its wor/ only does its exagg]at$ passion = detail mislead x into petty & prosaic lit]alism4 ,v ,a slightly diff]5t angle ( approa* to ?is :ole problem ( musical expression is af=d$ by psy*ological analysis4 ,"h1 aga91 z we might expect1 mod]n !ory1 ! le>n$ z well z ! popul>1 is some:at biass$ by ! prom95ce 9 mod]n practice ( c]ta9 special features ( effect4 ,! psy*ologi/s dwell ) a p>donable p>tiality ( vision on ! means ( special expression2 to complete _! !ories ! read] has (t5 to add = himself a consid]ation ( ! psy*ology ( =m4 ,an article by ,m4 ,edmond ,goblot1 entitl$ ,la ,musique ,descriptive1#b is int]e/+1 l o!rs ( its k9d1 bo? = :at x expla9s & = :at x ignores4 ,m4 ,goblot classifies expressive music "u ?ree head+s1 to :i* he gives ! names ( la musique emotive1 la musique descriptive1 & la musique imitative4 ,8 fir/ rubric is some:at vague1 a sort ( rag-bag into :i* he /uffs t\te musique qui provoque l'emotion sans aucun int]m$iaire consci5t4 ,! o!r two are n only m precise1 b s]ve to call att5tion to devices :i* h become v prom95t 9 romantic1 & especially 9 mod]n reali/ic1 music4 ,imitative music1 by reproduc+ lit]ally s\nds he>d 9 ! extra-musical _w ( nature1 sugge/s to ! li/5] ! objects & ev5ts associat$ ) !m4 ,examples are ! bird-notes 9 ,bee?ov5's ,pa/oral ,symphony1 ! ?und] 9 ,b]lioz's ,symphonie ,fanta/ique1 ! bleat+ ( %eep 9 ,/rauss's ,don ,quixote1 ! /rik+ ( ! clock & ! wail+ ( ! baby 9 8 ,symphonia ,dome/ica4 ,descriptive music sugge/s actions & ev5ts by means ( analogies1 *iefly ( movem5t & ( utt]ance1 betwe5 ! music & ! object1 & is ( c\rse f> common] ?an ! m lit]al & n>r[ly circumscrib$ imitation4 ,bee?ov5 is descriptive :5 he repres5ts ! ev5 fl[+ ( ! brook1 9 ! ,pa/oral ,symphony1 by rippl+ figures 9 eigh? notes1 or :5 9 ! bass recitatives ( ! ,n9? ,symphony he sugge/s ! impassion$ utt]ance ( an imag9>y protagoni/2 ,m5delssohn describes 9 8 ,hebrides ,ov]ture ! heav+ ( ! ocean1 & 9 8 ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream ! danc+ ( fairies2 ,sa9t-,sans reproduces 9 ,le ,r\et d',omphale ! v :irr ( ! sp9n+-:eel1 & ,wagn] 9 8 fire-music ! ceaseless lapp+ ( flames4 ,su* devices z ^! c]ta9ly occupy a prom95t place 9 mod]n music4 ,almo/ e compos] ( ! lat] n9ete5? c5tury has tak5 8 fl+ at ?is sort ( sket*+ f nature4 ,"o _c resi/1 nev]!less1 ! suspicion t ,m4 ,goblot atta*es too great an importance to :at is1 aft] all1 a casual & desultory elem5t 9 mo/ compositions1 & t he incl9es to lay on ! n>r[ %\ld]s ( imitation & description a great] burd5 ( explanation ?an !y c c>ry4 ,bee?ov5's birds & brooks are attractive features 9 a great "w2 ,sa9t-,sans' sp9n+-:eel makes a *>m+ arabesque on a h>mony ( solid musician%ip2 b :at are we to say to ,m4 ,goblot's ass]tion t a passage cit$ f ,alex&re ,george1 modulat+ upw>d by :ole /eps1 is emphatically expressive because x rem9ds u ( a p]son reit]at+ ) gr[+ exaltation ! same au?oritative or impassion$ affirmation1 & ea* "t advanc+ a /ep1 9 an attitude ( m5ace or defiance8 ,c we accept z unque/ion+ly z he does a s]ies ( ?irte5 consecutive fif?s1 descriptive ( sunrise1 on ! gr\nd t x w\nds our e>s z ! light ( ! sun w\nds our eyes8 ,& li/5 to 8 comm5t on ,s*ub]t's ,tr\t1 t long-suff]+ d5iz5 ( ,teutonic wat]s3 ,en c\rant sur son lit de pi]res1 elle se creuse de plis pr(onds1 se hrisse de crtes saillantes1 et ces plis et ces crtes se crois5t obliquem5t en miroitant4 ,s*ub]t's fat %\ld]s1 we suspect1 w\ld h %ak5 c\ld he h read ?is +5i\s comm5t>y on 8 "w4 ,if su* f9ical transcription ( natural sights & s\nds is ! aim ( music1 :y d we pref] ,bee?ov5's ?und]1 :i* cl+s crav5ly to ! diatonic scale1 to ,b]lioz's1 s mu* m reali/ic 9 its d>+ dissonance8 ,:y d we n =?) turn ab\t face on ! road our art has s long be5 travell+1 & =sake musical int]vals1 ^? q artificial figm5ts1 = ! noises :i* surr\nd u ev]y:]e 9 ! actual _w8 ,noise is inde$ ! hidd5 goal t[>d :i* all description & imitation aspire1 & s\nd c\ld nev] h pass$ into music "u _! guidance1 b only 9 que/ ( a f> deep]1 m subtle expressiv5ess4 ,x is h>d to believe t any sane li/5] w\ld long cont9ue to patronize music 9 :i* !re 0 n some?+ m truly satisfy+ ?an ! lapp+ ( brooks1 ! cra%+ ( /orm or battle1 & ! :irr+ ( sp9n+-:eels or ! creak+ ( w9d-mills4 ,if su* 7 ! case1 we %\ld h to admit sadly t music _h fall5 to ! level to :i* dramatic art falls 9 ! real-tank-&-practicable-saw-mill melodrama1 to :i* pa9t+ falls 9 ^? pictures f :i* we try to pluck ! too tangible grape4 ,m4 ,goblot evid5tly realizes himself t !re is a subtl] appeal ?an t ( description & imitation2 = x is 9 ord] to acc\nt = x t he makes 8 sep>ate head+ ( la musique emotive1 by :i* he indicates all music :i* acts directly ^u ! emotions1 )\t ! aid ( any recognition ( ext]nal objects1 any intellectual concepts1 or1 z he says1 aucun int]m$iaire consci5t4 ,! appeal he "h has 9 m9d is t ( ?\s&s ( melodies1 :i*1 )\t describ+ or imitat+ any concrete object1 sugge/ vividly special /ates ( feel+1 by recall+ to u1 9 veil$1 modifi$1 & idealiz$ =m1 ^? ge/ures or cries we habitually make "u ! spur ( su* feel+s4 ,s9ce ! spontane\s vocal expressions ( /rong emotion--wail+1 cry+1 plead+1 moan+1 & ! l--h all _! *>act]i/ic cad5ces1 :i* c be m or less accurately reproduc$ 9 a bit ( melody1 & s9ce ! natural bodily ge/iculations c be simil>ly sugge/$ by div]s rhy?mical movem5ts1 music has ! p[] to induce a great v>iety ( emotional /ates by :at we may call direct contagion1 )\t ! int]m$iation ( any m5tal images4 ,x c act ^u u l ! infection ( te>s or laught]1 to :i* we involunt>ily succumb1 )\t ask+ = any reasons4 ,& x c]ta9ly ex]cises ?is p[] mu* m con/antly & /eadily ?an x imitates or describes4 ,almo/ all lyrical melodies1 su* z ,s*umann's ,i* ,grolle ,ni*t1 ) its p]si/5tly ris+ inflection ( e>ne/ prote/ation1 or ,*op9's ,fun]al ,m>*1 ) its monotone ( heavy grief1 w be f\nd on analysis to re*o1 9 an idealiz$ & transfigur$ =m1 ! natural utt]ance ( passion4 ,?is k9d ( expression1 :i* has be5 frequ5tly describ$1 appeals to our subconsci\s associations r ?an to ^? consci\s processes ( ?\ght by :i* we foll[ reali/ic del9eation4 ,op]at+ at a deep] level 9 our natures1 x is proportionately m pot5t & irresi/ible4 ,b is ev5 ?is type ( expression1 m g5]al & p]vasive ?\gh x be ?an ! types s int]e/+ly /udi$ by ,m4 ,goblot--is ev5 ?is /yle ( expression univ]sal1 omnipres5t1 fundam5tal8 ,does x suffice to expla9 ! ov]:elm+ emotional appeal ( an organ-fugue ( ,ba*1 = example1 ( :i* ! impression seems to be vague1 g5]al1 indef9able 9 specific t]ms1 9 ! exact measure ( its pr(undity8 ,if la musique emotive works at a deep] level & ^u a m subconsci\s elem5t 9 our nature ?an la musique imitative & la musique descriptive1 is !re n /ill ano!r k9d ( music1 :i* we may p]haps be/ call simply la musique belle1 :i*1 address+ /ill deep] in/9cts1 ex]cises an ev5 m magical p]suasiv5ess8 ,! case ( ! ,ba* fugue =ces u to ! conclusion t !re is inde$ a k9d ( expression dep5d+ nei!r on ! portrayal ( natural objects nor on ! sugge/ion ( su* special feel+s z joy & grief1 b p5etrat+ by a /ill deep] av5ue to ! primal spr+s ( our emotion4 ,! m compell+ ! exp]i5ce1 x seems1 ! m is x idealiz$ away f concrete ref]5ces & provocations 9 ! direction ( ab/ract musical beauty4 ,by pres5t+ to u a p]fect piece ( =m1 a highly complex yet ultimately s+le organism ( tones1 x calls into full play our mo/ fundam5tal p]ceptions2 & ?is satisfy+ ex]cise ( our faculties gives u a p]vasive happ9ess1 a diffus$ s5se ( effici5t vitality1 ineffably m delightful ?an any p>ticul>iz$ emotion or isolat$ intellectual process4 ,p]fection ( =m ?us turns out to be ! mo/ indisp5sable ( all ! means ( expression at ! comm& ( ! compos]4 ,psy*ological analysis1 c>ri$ to its legitimate end1 v]ifies1 we see1 ! conclusions ( ! nave musical obs]v]4 ,all expression1 = psy*ology1 is ! product ( an association betwe5 two t]ms 9 ! m9d--! fir/ t :i* is giv5 by exp]i5ce1 ! expressive object1 ! second t sy/em ( ?\ghts & feel+s at :i* ! m9d arrives ?r\gh ! associative act1 t :i*1 z we say1 is express$4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x is evid5t t1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 t expression w be mo/ pot5t ! fir/ t]m ( :i* mo/ deeply /irs our in/9ctive1 subconsci\s life4 ,:5 ! fir/ t]m is a basic activity ( our m9ds1 su* z ! p]ception ( a beautiful =m1 ! feel+s to :i* x leads u w h a peculi> dep? & amplitude4 ,our :ole organism1 l ! s\nd+-bo>d ( ! well-attun$ in/rum5t1 w be set 9 vibration4 ,?is is :at happ5s :5 we li/5 sympa!tically to music t is really beautiful4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 ! m5tal trigg] pull$ is only "s special emotion1 s t ! /imulation is sup]ficial or local1 ! impression w rev]b]ate less f>-rea*+ly4 ,we %all be less pr(\ndly mov$4 ,& :5 x is n ev5 an emotion1 h[ev] special1 t />ts (f ! tra9 ( ?\ght1 b ! intellectual concept ( "s object or ev5t1 we %all likely be n s mu* mov$ z int]e/$2 our curiosity r ?an our passions w respond2 & we %all call ! music biz>re1 orig9al1 or /rik+1 b h>dly beautiful4 ,some?+ l ! same gradation 9 ! p[] ( v>i\s appeals1 accord+ to _! g5]ality1 is obs]vable 9 ord9>y life4 ,to read a love-/ory1 labyr9?9e 9 m9ute detail1 is a less seiz+ exp]i5ce ?an to ov]he> ! impassion$ spee* ( "s actual lov]1 ev5 if we cat* none ( ! words2 & ?is 9 turn commoves u less ?an to feel 9 our own frames t boil+ ( ! blood1 t surg+ ( ! vitals1 :i* is ! raw mat]ial ( love4 ,brisk ex]cise on a f9e autumn day ( sun & w9d gives a ri*] happ9ess ?an is dream$ ( 9 our philosophies4 ,x communicates no p>ticul> ideas1 b attunes our :ole be+ s exquisitely t ! fancies spr+ up spontane\sly1 l wild-fl[]s 9 a f]tile mead[4 ,s lovely music simply e/abli%es 9 u a mood1 leav+ all ! furniture ( t mood to our imag9ations4 ,& ?is is :y x is t arti/ic expression1 z x becomes m m9ute & meticul\sly precise1 is apt to lose 9 p]suasive p[]1 & t ! compos]1 if he und]/&s 8 m$ium1 mu/ ne$s hesitate long be=e sacrific+ ! lea/ degree ( beauty1 h[ev] int]/itial & inconspicu\s1 to any isolat$ feature ( int]e/1 no matt] h[ sali5t or s$uctive4 ,,vi ,p]haps x is n too mu* to hope t ! =ego+ analysis1 incomplete & t5tative z x is1 af=ds u some?+ l a rational basis = our in/9ctive attitudes t[>d ! v>i\s types ( music4 ,?\gh its int5tion is to sugge/ r ?an to dogmatize1 x may by ?is "t h fix$ cle>ly 9 our m9ds c]ta9 fundam5tal pr9ciples ( arti/ic effect2 & by con/ant ref]5ce to ^! x may h e/abli%$ 9 u a measure ( judicial imp>tiality & poise4 ,especially1 x may h cl>ifi$ our notions1 likely to rema9 confus$ s long z !y are unconsci\s1 ( ! ess5tial a*ievem5ts ( ! romantic s*ool1 bo? 9 its lyrical & 9 its reali/ic phases1 z well z ( ! peculi> drawbacks & limitations to :i* x is subject4 ,! abid+ *>m ( ! lyrical "w ( ! romantic compos]s1 typical ( :i* are ,s*ub]t's songs1 ,s*umann's novelettes & phantasie/cke1 & ,*op9's nocturnes & preludes1 lies 9 its intimat5ess1 its /rong p]sonal flavor4 ,x fasc9ates u by its impulsive self-revelation1 its frankness1 spontaneity1 & en?usiasm4 ,its subjectivity & introspection1 ev5 :5 !y are tr\bl$ or t\*$ ) sadness1 /ir a sympa!tic *ord 9 ! self-consci\s mod]n brea/4 ,to ^? moods :i* ! classic retic5ce *ills & repels1 romantic music speaks ) t5d]1 c>ess+ humanity4 ,ev5 its limitations are !n an add$ appeal2 = :5 we are too we>y or dull to brace ourselves to ! p]ception ( imp]sonal beauty1 ! acc5t ( private grief1 aspiration1 /ruggle1 & disappo9tm5t seems bett] pit*$ to our capacity1 & has a pa?os we c und]/&4 ,s*umann & ,*op9 are ! be/ companions = h\rs ( rev]ie & self-communion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ^? h\rs ov]take u 9 :i* we realize ! pa!tic incomplet5ess ( all m]ely p]sonal life1 9 :i* we disc]n :at fragm5t>y creatures we are1 & h[ little ( tru? we c ev] see1 !n all liv+ to ourselves alone is t\*$ ) ! s5se ( vanity4 ,!n e utt]ance ( our petty private griefs1 & ev5 ( our nobl] b /ill private joys1 seems l a brea? dissipat$ 9 a univ]se2 we f9d true exi/5ce1 solid reality1 only 9 an id5tification ( our int]e/s ) ^? ( all mank9d4 ,z morals f9ds its escape f ?is s5se ( ! vanity ( individual liv+ 9 social devotion1 /hetics f9ds x 9 ! imp]sonality ( classic art4 ,romanticism is sometimes sil5t1 or speaks to unatt5d+ e>s4 ,we turn f all special expressions1 t\*$ z !y are ) human mortality & evanesc5ce1 to ! et]nal ab/ract beauty4 ,if lyrical music is unsatisfactory to ^! moods ( highe/ vitality & sev]e/ dem&1 reali/ic music is exasp]at+1 intol]able4 ,:5 we h no?+ bett] to d x is amus+ en\gh to note ! +5uity ) :i* a compos] c introduce ! bray ( an ass into 8 delicate tissue ( tones1 z ,m5delssohn does 9 ! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream ,ov]ture1 or make ?ree bird-notes s\nd a h>monic triad z ,bee?ov5 does 9 8 ,pa/oral ,symphony4 ,!re is a fasc9at+ te*nical problem involv$ 9 ! sugge/ion ( natural noises by musical tones1 & :5 we are indiff]5t to su* te*nical int]e/s1 we may /ill f9d div]sion 9 foll[+ a s]ies ( tonal cues to ! ev5ts ( a famili> /ory4 ,b :5 we crave ! sublimity ( music1 :5 we long to feel once m ! ?rill ( its transc5d5t beauty1 h[ c we endure to be put (f ) ! b>k+ ( a dog1 ! mew+ ( a cat1 ! gallop+ ( a horse1 or ! cry+ ( a baby8 ,mo/ program music is incr$ibly trivial 9 int5tion1 & gives an impression ( maladaptation ( means to ends1 ! =m] are s elaborate1 ! latt] s paltry & mean4 ,to elicit f a mod]n or*e/ra ( a hundr$ in/rum5ts a feeble imitation ( a battle seems1 z "s "o has piquantly phras$ x1 l us+ a /eam-hamm] to kill a fly4 ,we read ) impati5ce ! annals ( ?is s*ool4 ,john ,mundy1 an ,engli% compos] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 writes a ,fantasia on ! ,wea!r1 9 f\r p>ts3 ,faire ,wea!r2 ,lightn+2 ,?und]2 a ,faire ,day4 ,adam ,krieg]1 9 #affg1 composes a f\r-"p vocal fugue entirely imitative ( cats1 on a *romatic subject set to ! words ,miau1 miau4 ,dussek produces a s]ies ( pieces entitl$ ,! ,suff]+s ( ! ,que5 ( ,france1 "s ( :i* are3 ,! ,que5's ,imprisonm5t 7l>go72 ,%e reflects on h] ,=m] ,greatness 7mae/oso72 ,h] ,invocation to ! ,almighty j be=e h] ,dea? 7devotam5te72 ,! ,guillot9e drops 7a gliss&o desc5d+ scale72 ,apo!osis4 ,we smile patroniz+ly ov] ^! fir/ *ildi% attempts ( an art ess5tially *ildi%4 ,no long] satisfi$ ) su* innoc5t del9eations ( natural & political hi/ory1 we mu/ h autobiography1 dome/icity1 & ev5 metaphysics1 translat$ into tones4 ,b w po/]ity take a truly ke5] delight 9 our triumphs ( realism ?an we d 9 ! works ( ,mundy & ,krieg]8 ,already ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,symons1 9 8 essay on ,ri*>d ,/rauss1 cries 9 p>donable irritation3 ,if ,i c>$ m = lit]ature ?an = music1 ,i imag9e t ,i might c>e greatly = ,/rauss4 ,he (f]s me s\nd z lit]ature4 ,b ,i pref] to read my lit]ature1 & to he> no?+ b music4 ,7 triviality ! only s9 ( program music we might leave x1 )\t fur!r ado1 to ! gradual oblivion :i* ov]takes ! jejune 9 art4 ,b1 un=tunately1 program music n m]ely bores ! music-lov]2 x does him a positive injury1 :i* criticism ought1 s f> z x c1 to mitigate4 ,by its false emphasis x di/racts att5tion f :at music c d supremely to :at x c only bot* & bungle1 br+s true ma/]pieces into discr$it ) he>]s n s5sitive or discipl9$ en\gh to appreciate !m1 & plunges ! simple into a hopeless /hetic quagmire4 ,pitiable is ! frequ5cy ( su* que/ions1 on ! lips ( aspir+ /ud5ts1 z1 ,ought ,i1 :5 ,i li/5 to music1 to h 9 m9d a s]ies ( pictures1 or a /ory8 ,to judge by ! m9ut5ess ( its detail ! art :i* beyond all o!rs is great by virtue ( indef9ite sugge/ion1 & inspires by appeal+ to faculties f> bel[ ! level ( intellectual consci\sness1 is to be sadly dup$4 ,we =get1 writes ,v]non ,lee1 t music is nei!r a symbol :i* c convey an ab/ract ?\ght1 nor a brute cry :i* c express an in/9ctive feel+2 we wi% to b>t] ! p[] ( leav+ 9 ! m9d an indelible image ( beauty = ! mis]able privilege ( awak5+ ! mom5t>y recollection ( "o ( nature's s\nds1 or ! yet m mis]able "o ( s5d+ a mom5t>y tremor ?r\gh ! body2 we w\ld r comp>e ?an enjoy1 & r weep ?an admire4 ,! up%ot ( all ?is is1 t n ev5 9 enjoy+ ! novel delights1 ! picturesque glimpses1 & ! fancy-provok+ allusiv5ess :i* romanticism has introduc$ into music %\ld we give ourselves too unres]v$ly to :at may be1 aft] all1 b a p>tial & limit$ pleasure4 ,if ^! ?+s make u indiff]5t to deep] beauties !y d u a diss]vice4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we c keep1 9 spite ( _! s$uctions1 our s5se ( proportion1 our p]ception ( relative values1 we %all enjoy !m 9 security4 ,! romantic movem5t has und\bt$ly l$ to a wid5+ ( our arti/ic sympa?ies1 has enri*$ our music ) new expressive possibilities & te*nical res\rces4 ,x has be5 "o ( ^? p]iods ( ebulli5ce1 correspond+ p]haps 9 ! consci\sness ( ! race to ! /orm & /ress ( adolesc5ce 9 ! individual1 :i* are b\nd to come s long z we are gr[+4 ,we _c fully ma9ta9 our poise at ! v mom5t 9 :i* we are ext5d+ our field ( exp]i5ce2 p]iods ( conque/ mu/ alt]nate ) p]iods ( assimilation2 & z 9 walk+ we con/antly lose our balance 9 ord] to progress1 s 9 m5tal life we will+ly =ego control until x c sup]v5e on a broad] consci\sness4 ,! romantic compos]s1 eag]ly develop+ ! expressive possibilities ( music1 may h =gott5 sometimes 9 _! en?usiasm ! organic beauty )\t :i* music c nev] :olly satisfy1 b nev]!less !y h enri*$ _! art4 ,! available res\rces ( music are to-day m v>i\s ?an ev] be=e4 ,n only h its me*anical facilities be5 wond]fully p]fect$ by ! +5uity ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 b its pot5tialities = vivid & detail$ expression h be5 p]man5tly rais$ by ! subjective int5tness ( ! mod]n temp]am5t4 ,x rema9s = future compos]s to make a new syn!sis ( all ^! novel elem5ts1 & )\t sacrific+ _! vividness to impose ^u !m ! ultimate integrity ( impression :i* at pres5t !y too (t5 lack4 ,a classical unity & beauty mu/ sup]v5e ^u our romantic multiplicity & int]e/+ confusion4 ,expression1 )\t los+ ! m9ut5ess t mod]n speculation has ga9$ = x1 mu/ rega9 some?+ ( ! classical s]5ity4 ,we h _h already "o musician :o1 pr(it+ by 8 h]itage1 has vi$ ) ,s*umann 9 v]satility & ) ,ba* 9 intimacy1 :o has comb9$ 9 8 s+le m9d some?+ ( ! s5sitive sympa?y ( ! romantici/s & ! rugg$ p[] ( ! classici/s4 ,x may be t ,brahms b po9ts ! way to a music ( ! future :i* w be z gr& z x is vivid1 z univ]sal 9 scope z x is p]sonal 9 acc5t & inspiration1 & 9 :i* beauty ( =m & ri*ness ( expression w be reunit$ 9 p]fect cop]ation to "o great arti/ic end4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,prop]ly speak+1 =m ref]s to ! molecul> con/itution ( music1 to ! ways 9 :i* relations ( pit* & rhy?m are manipulat$ 9 melody & h>mony2 /ructure to ! mol> con/itution ( music1 ! subsequ5t gr\p+ ( ! melodies into complete pieces4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a sonata1 a fugue1 & a nocturne is a diff]5ce ( /ructure2 ! diff]5ce betwe5 a good melody & a bad "o is a diff]5ce ( =m4 #b ,la ,revue ,philosophique1 ,vol4 ,,lii4 ,,ii ,,franz ,,s*ub]t ,illu/ration3 ,,franz ,,s*ub]t ,f an orig9al wat] color by ,w4 ,a4 ,ri$] ,,ii ,,franz ,,s*ub]t ,z ! e>lie/ full-fl$g$ repres5tative ( ! romantic s*ool ( compos]s :i* succe$$ ,bee?ov51 ,s*ub]t occupies a peculi> position 9 ! hi/ory ( music4 ,8 "w =ms ! l9k betwe5 ! classical music ( ,haydn1 ,moz>t1 & ,bee?ov5 & ! romantic music ( ,s*umann1 ,m5delssohn1 & ,*op91 hav+ c]ta9 qualities 9 common ) ea*4 ,traditions1 tra9+1 & environm5t alli$ him ) ! old] ord]2 b in/9ct l$ him into new pa?s4 ,scatt]$ pl5tifully ?r\gh ! ?\s&s ( pages cov]$ by 8 rac+ p51 _m ( :i* might be ! "w ( "s humdrum eighte5?-c5tury kapellmei/]1 are features ( surpris+ novelty1 po9t+ unmi/akably to ! future r ?an to ! pa/--gleams ( ! true gold 9 a va/ heap ( s&4 ,n9e-t5?s ( ! "t he is cont5t to imitate1 ) amiable1 un?9k+ g>rulity1 ! qu>tets & sonatas he grew up )2 ! o!r t5? he breaks =? incont95tly1 an inspir$ pione]4 ,?is m+l+ ( ! matt]-(-c\rse & ! unexpect$1 ( ! s& & ! gold1 makes 8 music a curi\s /udy4 ,born 9 ,vi5na1 ,janu>y #ca1 #agig1 ,s*ub]t began ! /udy ( music :5 /ill a *ild1 "u ! direction ( 8 fa!r1 a s*ool-tea*] by pr(ession1 & 8 two bro!rs4 ,:ile 9 8 te5s ! boy began play+ ! viola pans 9 ! family /r+ qu>tet4 ,8 bro!rs took ! viol9 p>ts1 & 8 fa!r play$ ! 'cello3 n always impeccably1 x is to be fe>$1 = we read h[ little ,franz1 look+ d\btless v solemn & gnomelike 9 ! spectacles he already wore1 w\ld f "t to "t1 )\t /opp+ to look at ! score1 comm5t on ! wrong notes ! pat]nal f+]s 7 s\nd+4 ,?is in=mal qu>tet 0 ! nucleus ( an or*e/ra1 kn[n z ! ,or*e/ral ,society ( ,amateurs1 :i* fl\ri%$ at a some:at lat] p]iod1 & s]v$ to make ,s*ub]t acqua9t$ ) ! works ( ,kromm]1 ,romb]g1 ,*]ub9i1 ,spont9i1 ,ctel1 ,mehul1 ,boeldieu1 ,weigl1 ,w9t]1 & o!rs ( t category1 z well z ) "s ,haydn & ,moz>t1 & ! fir/ two symphonies ( ,bee?ov54 ,!re 0 also an or*e/ra 9 ! gov]nm5t s*ool = ! ,emp]or's *oir1 kn[n z ! ,convict 7f convivo1 n conv9co71 :i* ! boy1 ?anks to 8 cle> soprano voice1 att5d$ f 8 elev5? to 8 sixte5? ye>2 & ( ?is he 0 n only a memb]1 b = "s "t a conductor4 ,"o c readily imag9e t ) all ?is music-mak+ !re 0 little "t = g5]al s*ool+4 ,inde$1 f ! mom5t he left ! ,convict1 9 #ahac1 he seems to h giv5 little ?\ght to any b a te*nical education2 & ?\gh he att5d$ a normal s*ool = a :ile1 & lat] ev5 tri$ tea*+ "u 8 fa!r = ?ree ye>s1 8 ma9 int]e/s 7 8 lessons ) ! fam\s op]a compos]1 ,sali]i1 & 8 fir/ essays 9 composition4 ,= ! in/9ct ( imitation _h />t$ him compos+ at an age :5 mo/ boys n[adays are le>n+ ari?metic4 ,at ?irte5 he broke ! ice ) a f\r-h& piano fantasia1 & f t mom5t swam cont5t$ly ?r\gh a sea ( manuscripts4 ,8 teem+ fecundity & 8 c>elessness = ! *ildr5 ( 8 bra9 once !y 7 hat*$ %[$ !mselves f ! fir/4 ,:5 he mislaid ?irty m9uets writt5 at ! ,convict1 he w\ld n tr\ble to recopy !m2 :at he enjoy$ 0 ! activity1 n its product2 & x 0 dull to bottle old wat] :ile ! spr+ 0 fl[+ s cool & fre%4 ,! figure ( a spr+ does scant ju/ice to ,s*ub]t's inexhau/ible fancy2 x 0 m l "o ( ^? magic knapsacks 9 ! fairy /ories--! m he took out ( x1 ! m rema9$ beh9d4 ,by #ahae 8 f]tility _h become almo/ uncanny1 especially :5 we rememb] t he _h = music only ! leisure h\rs ( a "y s*oolma/] ( eighte54 ,9 ,m>* he wrote ! ,mass 9 ,g2 betwe5 ,m>* #be & ,april #a a /r+ qu>tet 9 ,g-m9or2 9 ,may a symphony 78 ?ird7 9 ,d-major2 9 ,june an entire op]etta2 dur+ six days 9 ,july ano!r op]etta1 ( :i* ! libretto fills =ty-two closely pr9t$ pages2 on ,octob] #ae sev5 songs2 on ! #ai? f\r m2 & 9 ! int]/ices ( "t1 ano!r symphony1 f\r o!r op]ettas1 two piano sonatas1 & "o hundr$ & ?irty-five songs1 head$ by ,! ,erl-,k+4 ,"o rubs "o's eyes4 ,comp>$ ) ,s*ub]t's p51 ,aladd9's lamp seems a poor affair4 ,! natural result1 9 worldly matt]s1 ( ?is imag9ative preoccupation 0 abject pov]ty4 ,nev] did ,apollo turn 8 back on ,admetus ) a m sublime indiff]5ce ?an 9 ! avat> ( ?is o!rwise mode/ musician4 ,x is true t he gave "s scatt]+ music lessons1 & t = a "t he act$ z music-ma/] 9 t same ,e/]hazy family :i* s long patroniz$ ,haydn2 b ( any la/+ patronage1 any remun]ative appo9tm5t1 or any sy/ematic tea*+1 we he> no?+4 ,ev5 8 compositions br\ght him b a f>cical rev5ue4 ,he publi%$ no?+ until #ahba1 :5 ! fir/ bat* ( songs1 includ+ ,! ,erl-,k+1 0 pr9t$ by subscription4 ,lat]1 ! publi%]s be+ /ill unwill+ to take risks on a virtually unkn[n compos]1 tw5ty m songs 7 simil>ly issu$4 ,only :5 popul> favor _h become manife/ c\ld he use ! regul> *annels ( publication2 & !n he _h to cont5t himself ) ! m]e/ pittances4 ,diabelli1 :o 9 =ty ye>s is said to h ga9$ ov] t5 ?\s& doll>s on ,! ,w&]]1 paid ,s*ub]t = ! plates & copyright ( t & n9ete5 o!r songs only ?ree hundr$ & fifty doll>s4 ,hasl+]1 9 ! compos]'s la/ ye>1 :5 8 reputation 0 made & 8 "w practically done1 paid him "o doll> & a qu>t] = half a doz5 ( 8 f9e/ songs4 ,t he 0 himself l>gely to blame = ?is pecuni>y mis=tune1 ?r\gh 8 av]sion to drudg]y & 8 c>elessness 9 ! conduct ( bus9ess affairs1 h>dly reconciles u to ! fact ( 8 con/ant & (t5 extreme pov]ty1 b = :i* he might h liv$ long] & wr\ght to ev5 bett] purpose4 ,b if he 0 poor1 he _h at lea/ ! temp]am5t & ta/es suitable to pov]ty4 ,n ev5 ,moz>t1 ^: "* & de/9y _h mu* 9 common ) ,s*ub]t's1 0 m light-he>t$ & easy-go+4 ,p]fect fre$om ( action1 says 8 biograph]1 0 ! elem5t 9 :i* he by pref]5ce mov$1 & = :i* he 0 cont5t to make e sacrifice4 ,to dr9k 8 mug ( be] & eat 8 sausage1 to flirt ) pretty s]vant-maids & peasant girls1 to disc\rse y\?ful philosophy & play practical jokes ) convivial poets1 pa9t]s1 & /ud5ts1 above all to fill reams ( music pap] ) ! melodies t 7 always flood+ 8 bra9--?is 0 8 conception ( suffic+ happ9ess4 ,x is curi\s to read ( 8 daily r\t9e--h[1 ris+ e>ly1 he w\ld proce$1 (t5 be=e dress+1 to improvise until breakfa/2 h[1 aft] a morn+ sp5t 9 composition1 he w\ld d9e at ! ,ga/haus = a ,zwanzig] 7t5 c5ts72 h[ he w\ld divide ! re/ ( ! day betwe5 walk+ 9 ! suburbs1 call+ on ! ladies ( 8 acqua9tance1 & discuss+ be] & fri5d%ip 9 ,bogn]'s c(fee-h\se1 or ! ,zur ,ung>is*5 ,krone1 or ! ,zum ro!n ,kreuz1--sometimes1 9 ^! latt] haunts1 jott+ d[n immortal melodies on ! backs ( w9e c>ds 9 ! mid/ ( ! tav]n p&emonium4 ,:5 he 0 9 high spirits he w\ld *all5ge a fri5d to a mock duel ) walk+-/icks1 or s+ ! ,erl-,k+1 9 p>ody1 ?r\gh ! tee? ( a comb4 ,& !n !re 7 ! ,s*ub]tiad51 or ,s*ub]t ev5+s1 held by 8 fri5ds ( bo? sexes 9 "s "o ( ! ,vi5na suburbs1 at :i* ! div]sions consi/$ ( danc+1 li$]-s++1 & !atricals1 all to ! accompanim5t ( ! fl[+ b[l4 ,:5 ! juice ( ! grape fl[$ 9 8 ve9s1 says "o ( 8 biograph]s1 he became a laugh+ tyrant1 & w\ld de/roy ev]y?+ he c\ld1 )\t mak+ a noise1--glasses1 plates1 & cups1--& sit simp]+ & screw+ up 8 eyes into ! smalle/ possible compass4 ,altoge!r we get ! picture ( a ,bohemian1 irresponsible1 ba*elor life1 innoc5t en\gh1 b n tr\bl$ ) emb>rass+ ref9em5ts4 ,s*ub]t 0 n at 8 ease 9 highly cultivat$ circles4 ,9 8 fir/ lett] f ,zelsz1 ! seat ( ! ,e/]hazys1 he describes ! s]vants 9 detail be=e giv+ a ^w to _! pr9cely employ]s4 ,physically ,s*ub]t 0 a %ort1 /\t man1 ) r\nd %\ld]s1 ?ick1 blunt f+]s1 l[ =ehead1 project+ lips1 /umpy nose1 & %ort curly hair4 ,v ne>-sight$1 he wore spectacles f boyhood4 ,8 fri5ds' some:at boori% wit comp>$ him to a negro1 a cabman1 & ev5 a tall[-c&le1 & afflict$ him ) ! nickname ( ,s*wamm]l1 or ,! ,sponge--:e!r 9 ref]5ce to 8 fondness = be] or to 8 sup]flu\s fle% does n transpire4 ,! notewor?y fact t[>d :i* all ^! bits ( o!rwise insignificant p]sonal detail po9t1 ! !sis 9 support ( :i* !y are "h cit$1 is t ,s*ub]t 0 an unusually pure case ( ! s5tim5tal temp]am5t4 ,all ! ext]nal evid5ce--8 cont5t$ly ambl+1 unbutton$ exi/5ce1 8 comb9ation ( sweetness & a sort ( involunt>y nobility ( aim1 ) an utt] lack ( intellectual di/9ction1 8 gullibility 9 bus9ess matt]s & practical affairs1 8 devotion to day-dream & rev]y1 ev5 8 indol5ce & result+ spong9ess ( physique--po9ts 9 ! "o direction4 ,& ^! matt]s ( ord9>y obs]vation are re9=c$ by ! int]nal evid5ce ( 8 music1 z = example ! pref]5ce = %ort pieces1 ea* vividly expressive ( a s+le mood2 ! p]vasive tone ( t5d] sadness1 frequ5tly irradiat$ by *>m+ fancy1 b seldom swept aside by tumultu\s passion & en]gy2 ! fondness = m9or keys1 delici\s modulations1 & p]si/5t hypnotiz+ rhy?ms2 ! incapacity = complex /ructure & su/a9$ imag9ation4 ,"h1 obvi\sly1 is no h]o ( ab/ract ?\ght1 l ,ba*1 or ( intellectual & emotional passion1 l ,bee?ov51 b a graci\s s5tim5tali/1 a man ( feel+1 a sort ( ,burns or ,he9e ( music4 ,! natural m$ium ( musical expression = su* a temp]am5t is ! brief lyric1 ! song = s+le voice ) piano accompanim5t2 & x 0 inevitable t ,s*ub]t1 con/itut$ z he 01 %\ld become ! fa!r ( ! song4 ,be=e 8 "t1 ?is _h be5 a =m n favor$ by ! great compos]s2 ,moz>t's & ,bee?ov5's songs1 z ,mr4 ,had[ has rem>k$1 7 m]ely ! *ips ?r[n (f 9 a great work%op2 = !m ! norm ( expression 0 ! symphony4 ,b ,s*ub]t1 z a new sort ( man among compos]s1 treat$ ! song ) a new k9d ( e>ne/ness1 & ) an unprec$5t$ spontaneity4 ,ea* ( 8 be/ songs is an unsophi/icat$ utt]ance ( simple s5tim5t1 a wondr\sly vivid pres5tm5t ( a s+le isolat$ feel+1 a mom5t's monum5t1 z ,rossetti said ! sonnet %\ld be4 ,& ?is 0 precisely :at ! arti/ic situation requir$4 ,z 9 a %ort /ory ( ! k9d t ,kipl+1 ,/ev5son1 & o!rs h made famili> to u we d n dem& t evolution ( "*1 t complex nodation ( plot1 t subtle action & reaction ( motive1 :i* e great novel mu/ h1 b simply vividness1 brilliant depiction ( a s+le p]son1 idea1 or situation1 s 9 a song we desire no symphonic gr&eur ( scope & weal? ( ord]$ detail1 b r p]fect utt]ance ( a s+le highly specializ$ emotion4 ,s*ub]t's be/ songs fulfil ?is requirem5t 9 an almo/ inimitable degree4 ,simple 9 /yle & design1 wond]fully direct & s9c]e1 conceiv$ z idealizations ( ! beautiful old ,g]man ,volksli$]1 & c>ri$ out ) all ! arti/ic p]fection & appropriat5ess ( detail t good craftsman%ip c\ld give1 !y are among ! few ?+s 9 music t are absolutely a*iev$4 ,especially rem>kable is ! art-conceal+ art by :i* ,s*ub]t1 ?r\gh "s p]fectly simple & unobtrusive feature ( rhy?m1 melody1 or h>mony1 kn[s h[ to sugge/ exactly ! _s & atmosph]e ( 8 text4 ,9 ! well-kn[n ,s]5ade1 = example1 ! deftly manag$ mixture ( m9or & major h>monies 7a favorite device1 by ! way1 ) ,s*ub]t7 /rikes j ! "r emotional note ( lov]ly solicitude & t5d]ness4 ,9 ,am ,me] f\r *ords at ! beg9n+1 & aga9 at ! end1 br+ ! sombre1 maje/ic ocean visibly be=e u1 :ile ! sudd5 dissonances introduc$ ) ! l9e ,fiel5 die ,?rn5 ni$] br+ home to u ) a t]rible poignancy ! human trag$y :i* ! poet has s vividly outl9$ aga9/ ?is /]n natural backgr\nd4 ,& !n turn to ,h>k6 ,h>k6 ! ,l>k1 p]haps ! mo/ purely lovely1 9 a musical s5se1 ( all ! songs1 & note ! adorable ela/icity ( ! rhy?m1 ! lamb5t grace ( ! tune1 ! idyllic *ange ( key at ! words1 ,& w9k+ ,m>y-buds beg9 to ope _! gold5 eyes1 & ! pois+ flight ( ! melody at ! f9al1 ,arise--arise--arise3--truly ,elizabe?an ?is music1 9 its graci\sness & *ildlike joy4 ,9 %ort1 ,s*ub]t /rikes at once1 & 9 ea* case1 9 su* songs z ,h>k1 h>k6 ! ,l>k1 ,:o is ,sylvia8 ,am ,me]1 ,du bi/ die ,ruh1 ,die ,=elle1 ,heid5rsle91 & p]haps a doz5 o!rs1 ! exact tone & /yle ne$$ to transfigure ! p>ticul> feel+ ) all ! magic ( music1 & ?r\gh\t ! song ma9ta9s ! mood p]fectly1 ) no mixture or cl\d+4 ,& ?is1 too1 ) ! greate/ actual div]sity ( mood 9 ! diff]5t songs1 to :i* 8 art flexibly responds4 ,?is gr\p ( 8 fifte5 or tw5ty be/ songs is n only ! cr[n ( 8 own "w1 b "o ( ! brighte/ jewels 9 ! cr[n ( romanticism4 ,9 critical ju/ice x is necess>y to add1 h[ev]1 t 9 ano!r gr\p ( 8 songs1 ev5 m popul> ?an ?is supreme "o1 ,s*ub]t's romanticism inspir$ him less happily4 ,:5ev]1 giv+ free re9 to 8 passion = detail$ expression1 he direct$ 8 ef=t less t[>ds reproduc+ an emotional mood ?an t[>ds illu/rat+ actual incid5ts1 :5ev]1 t is1 he all[$ dramatic r ?an musical consid]ations to sway him1 he produc$ a type ( song :i*1 9 spite ( its popul>ity1 is intr9sically inf]ior1 & h5ce likely to lose favor z musical ta/e develops4 ,! mo/ fam\s examples ( ?is type are ,! ,erl-,k+ & ,! ,w&]]2 o!rs sc>cely less kn[n are ,d] ,atlas1 ,die ,doppelgng]1 ,die ,junge ,nonne1 ,die ,allma*t1 ,kolma's ,klage1 & ,hag>'s ,klage4 ,to he> ! music ( "s ( ! songs ( ?is class1 unhappily l>ge1 aft] read+ ! comm5t>ies ( _! admir]s1 is almo/ z cruel a disillusion z to eat ! food at a *eap re/aurant aft] a p]usal ( ! pret5ti\s & highly decorat$ bill ( f>e4 ,( ,die ,allma*t1 = example1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,ba*1 9 8 book on ,! ,art ,ballad1 writes z foll[s3-- ,?is composition ,i w\ld call a great tone-picture2 x is a hymn ( praise1 /ately & full ( spl5dor4 ,we seem to he> "s prophet1 :o1 ) a voice ( ?und]1 speaks to ! p ( ! p[] & glory ( ! ,almighty4 ,! greatness ( ,god 9 nature is fir/ proclaim$4 ,! tone-pa9t+ is full ( gr&eur & maje/y4 ,n ) ! delicate1 *>m+ p5cil ( ,fra ,angelico1 b ) ! /rong1 en]getic1 & p[]ful bru% ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 does ,s*ub]t pa9t ! rag+ ( ! /orm1 ! =e/'s boi/]\s viol5ce1 ! ?und] & ! lightn+4 ,! pa9t+ is s(t]1 mild]1 sweet]1 only :5 he comes to ! beautiful & calm+ words t ! p[] ( ,god is high above all1 & great] :5 man feels x 9 8 inmo/ he>t4444 ,!n foll[s a great cresc5do1 end+ ) ! p[]ful & mighty exclamation1 ',great is ,jehovah1 ! ,"l6' :i* produces an ov]p[]+ effect4 ,9 ?is composition1 z sc>cely 9 any o!r1 ,s*ub]t1 usually s *>m+1 is v dramatic1 & %[s comm& ( ! l(tie/ expression4 ,turn+1 ) expectation key$ high1 f ?is rhapsody to ! music ( ,die ,allma*t1 :at d we f9d8 ,an annoy+ly l\d ?ump+ ( ! piano1 9 its muddy l[] regi/]1 = f\r pages on end1 ) no rhy?mic relief2 a vocal "p m l a second-rate op]atic recitative ?an "o ( ^? div9e tunes ( :i* ,s*ub]t _h ! secret2 & to fill ! cup ( bor$om1 ?ree rumbles ( conv5tional musical ?und]1 z ?readb>e & outworn z ! antiquat$ !atrical prop]ties describ$ by ,/eele 9 ! ,tatl]4 ,x is h>d to und]/& h[ any true lov] ( music c turn f ,h>k1 h>k6 ! ,l>k1 or ,:o is ,sylvia8 or ,du bi/ die ,ruh1 to su* songs z ^!1 ) _! physically excit+ tremolos1 cra%+ dim9i%$-sev5? *ords1 *romatic climaxes1 my/]i\s /accato octaves1 pianissimo1 9 ! bass1 & o!r su* claptrap effects1 bett] suit$ to accompany ! dr[n+ ( ! h]o9e ( melodrama ?an to edify ! s5se ( musical beauty4 ,!y reveal pitilessly ! seamy side ( romanticism1 & make u wi% t ,s*ub]t's fecund imag9ation _h be5 controll$ by a m fa/idi\s ta/e4 ,if ! s5tim5tali/'s t5d5cy to value emotion = itself1 z ! voluptu>y wall[s 9 s5sation1 & ! reali/'s fondness = crudely detail$ effect1 sometimes l$ ,s*ub]t into an artificial & fev]$ /yle1 8 v simplicity at o!r times play$ him false4 ,simplicity 9 art1 z ! case ( ,wordswor? has notori\sly prov$1 cov]s a wide range1 f ! sublime to ! ridicul\s4 ,s*ub]t is (t5 sublimely simple1 z 9 ,du bi/ die ,ruh1 ,heid5rsle91 ,d] ,lei]mann2 b sometimes he is m]ely flat & obvi\s4 ,inde$1 writ+1 z he did1 ov] six hundr$ songs 9 a score ( ye>s1 n ! mo/ inspir$ ( m5 c\ld always h avoid$ platitude4 ,?us we mu/ set aside _m melodramatic & _m trite compositions be=e we c get an unimp$$ view ( 8 real ma/]pieces4 ,b aft] t has be5 done1 we h left ab\t tw5ty or ?irty songs ( su* incomp>able lovel9ess z to give him a secure place among ! great ma/]s ( ! musical lyric4 ,! c>eful discrim9ation betwe5 quantity & quality 9 ,s*ub]t's "w1 s obvi\sly important 9 judg+ 8 songs1 becomes p]haps ev5 m indisp5sable :5 we come to 8 in/rum5tal works4 ,! facts t "h pres5t !mselves to ! int5d+ /ud5t on 8 fir/ approa* to ! subject are entirely mislead+4 ,s*ub]t wrote1 he le>ns1 t5 symphonies & tw5ty /r+ qu>tets1 besides mu* o!r *amb] & or*e/ral music4 ,rememb]+ t ,bee?ov5 wrote n9e symphonies & sixte5 /r+ qu>tets1 he is likely to assume t ! ess5tial ,s*ub]t is to be f\nd p]meat+ ! "o set ( works j z ! ess5tial ,bee?ov5 p]meates ! o!r1 & t if he c take1 s to speak1 a critical av]age ( !m all1 he w come at ! true musical p]sonality ( _! au?or4 ,no?+ c\ld be m errone\s4 ,= x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t :ile ! works ( ,bee?ov5 7 writt5 dur+ ! entire p]iod ( 8 arti/ic maturity1 f 8 tw5ty-fif? to 8 fifty-six? ye>1 & ) ! mo/ labori\s c>e1 ^? ( ,s*ub]t are l>gely y\?ful ex]cises1 & 7 9 _m cases ?r[n (f z "o w\ld write a lett]4 ,s*ub]t wrote volum9\sly & c>elessly1 & di$ at ?irty-"o1 j z he 0 ent]+ ! prime ( life4 ,8 works are ?us1 if "o may say s1 l 8 p]son1 emb$d$ 9 sup]flu\s fle%4 ,! bulk ( !m are1 s f> z repres5t+ him goes1 pure surplusage1 to be /ripp$ (f & ?r[n aside be=e we c see ! outl9e & /ature ( 8 g5ius4 ,! compositions produc$ be=e #ahbj are int]e/+ to-day only z docum5ts be>+ on ! peculi> way 9 :i* 8 individual /yle 0 gradually develop$4 ,:at !y *iefly reveal is ! +5u\sness1 "o might almo/ say ! unconsci\sness1 ) :i* he habitually compos$4 ,he seems to h made no ef=t to draw =?1 by tak+ ?\ght1 8 %y & retir+ individuality2 8 me?od 0 r to copy1 (t5 almo/ lit]ally1 ! music he knew & lik$1 especially t ( ,haydn & ,moz>t4 ,! qu>tet 9 ,g-m9or1 writt5 9 #ahae1 = example1 conta9s a p]fectly ,moz>ti% m9uet1 :ile its f9ale is pure ,haydn1 except = occasional gleams ( ,s*ub]t 9 ! happy exub]ances ( detail & 9 ! quick1 in=mal modulations4 ,( ! symphony 9 ,b-flat1 writt5 9 #ahaf1 ! fir/ & f\r? movem5ts are ,haydn1 ! second & ?ird ,moz>t4 ,! clos5ess ( ! imitation is at times fairly disconc]t+1 z 9 ! la/ eight measures ( ! m9uet1 :i* s\nd l a reject$ sket* = ! m9uet ( ! ,jupit] ,symphony3-- ,illu/ration3 score ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,i4 ,an ev5 m amus+ case is t ( a passage 9 ! ,e-major ,qu>tet 7opus #abe1 no4 #b71 writt5 9 ! foll[+ ye> 7#ahag71 s />tl+ly l a portion ( ,moz>t's ,g-m9or ,symphony t we c h>dly resi/ ! !ory ( unconsci\s plagi>ism4 ,! passages 9 "q m]it a c>eful comp>ison4 ,if imitation is ! s9c]e/ flatt]y1 ,s*ub]t 0 pay+ an eloqu5t tribute1 inde$1 to ! g5ius ( ,haydn & ,moz>t 9 8 works ( #ahae-ahag4 ,illu/ration3 score ,,s*ub]t4 ,illu/ration3 score ,& lat] ,illu/ration3 score ,,moz>t4 ,figure ,,ii4 ,be=e #ahah !re is little int]nal evid5ce t ,s*ub]t _h felt at all ! influ5ce ( ! greate/ musician ( ! p]iod1 ,bee?ov51 ) :om1 if we may judge f 8 di>y1 he 0 n yet 9 complete sympa?y4 ,"u date ( ,june1 #ahaf1 he comp>es disp>ag+ly t biz>r]ie = :i* we h *iefly to ?ank "o ( ! greate/ ,g]man arti/s ) ! naturalness & purity ( ! ,italian1 ,sali]i4 ,9 ! ,c-major symphony ( #ahah1 h[ev]1 he has evid5tly fall5 completely "u ! sway ( ! ma/]4 ,! fir/ movem5t ( ?is "w %[s a great advance ov] e>li] symphonies2 ! or*e/ral res\rces are increas$1 & us$ ) m skill2 ! !mes are m concise & vigor\s1 m truly symphonic1 ?\gh /ill %[+ a t5d5cy to rhy?mic monotony2 ! con/ruction is ampl] & m c>efully plann$1 !re be+ a sl[ introduction & a ,bee?ov5i% coda4 ,! transition by :i* ! repetition ( ! fir/ section ( ! movem5t is approa*$ %[s afre% ! curi\s lit]alness ) :i* ,s*ub]t copi$ 8 models4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,iii4 ,! long pois+1 pianissimo1 on a s+le h>mony1 & ! f9al almo/ imp]ceptible lapse into ! orig9al key1 are ,bee?ov5 to ! lett]4 ,! o!r movem5ts %[ ! same influ5ce4 ,especially notewor?y are ! sub/itution ( a s*]zo = ! old-fa%ion$ m9uet1 &1 9 ! f9ale1 ! _m sudd5 %ifts ( tonality by a semitone1 & sudd5 alt]nations ( extreme l\d & s(t4 ,"h1 z mu* z 9 ! e>li] ?+s1 x is true1 ,s*ub]t rema9s ! ob$i5t & passive /ud5t2 he is /ill1 9 ! phrase ( ,/ev5son1 play+ ! s$ul\s ape2 b 8 model is mu* m complex1 8 t\* is sur]1 8 te*nical facility great]1 & he ne$s only to gr[ a little old]1 a little m mature & self-consci\s1 9 ord] to /amp all ^! gradually acquir$ mat]ials ) 8 own individuality4 ,n[ maturity comes to mo/ m51 ! romantici/s l ! o!rs1 z a result ( ! suff]+1 misund]/&+1 & disappo9tm5t t ye>s h a way ( br++4 ,! y\? int]prets all ! _w by 8 own fre%ness ( en?usiasm1 ke5 s5sation1 untrammell$ imag9ation4 ,ev]y?+ seems possible to him1 & life is "o long1 romantic adv5ture4 ,b :5 he actually comes 9 contact ) t _w :i* look$ s fair f a di/ance1 ?r\gh ! rosy glasses ( temp]am5t1 he discov]s t x is /ubborn to 8 purposes1 t x is full ( ali5 wills ) :i* he /ruggles 9 va91 & t ?is /ruggle reveals insurm\ntable weaknesses & limitations 9 himself4 ,!n ei!r bitt]ness1 or a new und]/&+ ( himself1 resignation to ! inevitable1 & int]pretation ( life 9 m univ]sal t]ms1 is b\nd to displace ! old romantic egotism4 ,exp]i5ce regr\ps itself 9 sob]] colors1 & if he be g5]\s en\gh to escape cynicism he em]ges f ! ordeal *a/5$ & humaniz$4 ,?is transition f self-absorb$ y\? to magnanim\s manhood came to ,s*ub]t betwe5 8 tw5ty-?ird & tw5ty-sev5? ye>s1 ha/5$ by ! adv]se conditions ( 8 life4 ,we h se5 h[ pov]ty held him 9 its sull5 grasp2 ill-heal? 0 add$ 9 #ahbd2 & all ?r\gh 8 la/ decade ! s5se ( ! indiff]5ce ( ! public to 8 high] arti/ic aims mu/ h be5 dispirit+ 9 ! extreme4 ,8 songs 7 favorably en\gh receiv$1 b little int]e/ 0 tak5 9 8 *amb] & or*e/ral music except by a small circle ( fri5ds4 ,t he c\ld nev]!less g on1 ye> aft] ye>1 produc+ s spl5did a s]ies ( compositions1 9 a _s ( su* uncompromis+ devotion to art1 almo/ entirely unsupport$ by public recognition1 buoy$ up by inw>d conviction alone1 proves t und]nea? ! c>eless ,bohemianism ( 8 ev]yday exi/5ce !re 0 develop+ 9 him ! /uff ( real h]oism4 ,l ,columbus1 he f\nd a _w1 & _h no *>t ,save "o t fai? deciph]$ 9 ! skies4 ,to tru/ ! s\l's inv9cible surmise ,0 all 8 sci5ce & 8 only art4 ,! /ory ( ! la/ ye> ( 8 %ort life is mo/ pa!tic4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahbh1 he made an attempt to m5d 8 =tunes by giv+ a conc]t ( 8 own works1 by :i* he e>n$ "o hundr$ & fifty doll>s1 to him a l>ge sum4 ,b no tempor>y help l ?is c\ld c\nt = mu*1 s long z 8 compositions1 ! ma9 bus9ess ( 8 life1 7 s %amefully und]rat$ by ! publi%]s4 ,= six ( ! be/ ( ! ,w9t]reise songs he receiv$ a little ov] "o doll>2 = ! ,e-flat ,trio 7opus #ajj71 ab\t f\r doll>s & a half2 = ! great ,a-major ,pian(orte ,qu9tet 7opus #aad71 a little ov] six doll>s4 ,8 heal? be+ n[ s]i\sly impair$1 he wi%$ to sp5d ! summ] 9 ! c\ntry ) fri5ds1 b 0 compell$ by pov]ty to rema9 9 ! heat & confusion ( ,vi5na4 ,a mom5t>y enc\ragem5t (f]$ 9 a project$ p]=mance ( 8 greate/ "w1 ! ,c-major ,symphony1 b x 0 giv5 up z too difficult1 & he nev] he>d x4 ,x 0 fir/ p]=m$ elev5 ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 by ,m5delssohn1 9 ,leipsic4 ,9 ! fall he rapidly fail$1 & _h j arrang$ to take lessons 9 c\nt]po9t1 ) a view to yet great] works1 :51 aft] a comp>atively %ort illness1 he di$1 on ,novemb] #ai1 #ahbh4 ,he left no w1 b f ! (ficial inv5tory ( 8 effects we le>n t he left beh9d him tw5ty-six doll>s' wor? ( clo?+ & h\se furniture1 & a quantity ( old music 7includ+ ! manuscript ( ! ,c-major ,symphony71 valu$ at five doll>s4 ,su* 7 ! d+y out] circum/ances ( ?is man's life4 ,b 8 _s so>$ above !m4 ,my compositions1 he wrote 9 8 di>y1 are ! product ( my m9d1 & spr+ f my sorr[2 ^? only t 7 born ( grief give ! greate/ delight to ! outside _w2 & 9 ano!r place1 m pr(\ndly3 ,c]ta9ly t happy joy\s "t is gone :5 e object seem$ encircl$ ) a halo ( y\?ful glory2 444 & yet ,i am n[ mu* m ?an =m]ly 9 ! way ( f9d+ peace & happ9ess 9 myself4 ,b ! be/ evid5ce we h t ,s*ub]t le>n$ ! lesson ( sorr[1 & n only transmut$ bitt] exp]i5ce into immortal beauty b "u ! /ress ( t exp]i5ce fir/ f\nd 8 true self1 lies 9 ! wond]ful s]ies ( compositions :i* he wrote betwe5 #ahbj & #ahbh4 ,"h we f9d at la/ ! ess5tial ,s*ub]t4 ,9 ! s+le movem5t 9 ,c-m9or = /r+ qu>tet1 dat$ #ahbj1 he discloses a new _w ( dramatic expression1 e>ne/ feel+1 d>+ modulation1 intricate h>mony1 & *romatic melody4 ,& f ?is "t on ma/]piece foll[$ ma/]piece3 ! ,unf9i%$ ,symphony 9 #ahbb2 ! ,a-m9or ,qu>tet & ! ,octet 9 #ahbd2 ! ,g-major & ,d-m9or ,qu>tets 9 #ahbf2 ! fir/ two piano trios a ye> lat]2 & to cap ! climax1 ! ,c-major ,qu9tet & ! immortal ,c-major ,symphony 9 #ahbh4 ,9 spite ( ! emotional dep? ( ^! la/ works1 ! dom9ant note rema9s 9 !m1 z 9 ev]y?+ t emanat$ f ,s*ub]t1 romantic4 ,ev]y:]e 9 !m ! int]e/ ( ! romantici/ 9 color = its own sake1 9 ! prim>y s5su\s *>m ( ! tone comb9ations1 is /rik+ly manife/4 ,"o ( ! hallm>ks ( ,s*ub]t's symphonies is 8 impressioni/ic treatm5t ( or*e/ral t9ts1 bo? pure & 9 mixture4 ,none kn[s bett] ?an he h[ to make ! oboe sultry or m5ac+1 ! cl>9et mell[ & liquid1 ! horn holl[1 vague1 my/ical1 ! 'cellos passionate1 & ! viol9s cle>1 aspir+1 & e!real4 ,! score ( 8 ,c-major ,symphony is a m>vel ( +5uity & felicity 9 ! weav+ ( v>i\s colors & modes ( play+1 z /accato & legato1 pizzicato1 etc4 ,look1 = in/ance1 at page #afb ( ,eul5b]g's m9iature score1 & see h[ ! wood-w9d in/rum5ts *att] 9 /accato aga9/ ! long rise & fall ( ! /r+s play+ 9 octaves1 legato2 or at page #aci1 not+ h[1 aft] a p[]ful climax & a mom5t ( complete sil5ce1 ! 'cello1 aga9/ pluck$ *ords by ! o!r /r+s1 s+s a languor\s melody1 :i* is pres5tly tak5 up by ! oboe2 or at pages #cj-ce1 :]e1 "u ! %imm]+ veil ( ! /r+s1 ! trombones gradually "w out _! s9i/] call1 ris+ ev] high] & high]1 & f9ally precipitat+ all into ! s\nd+ turmoil ( ! climax on page #cf4 ,9 su* passages z ^! e tone s\nds1 & all unite h>moni\sly to produce ! int5d$ effect4 ,9 few scores w "o f9d at once su* ri*ness & su* cle> transp>5cy ( color+4 ,nor is ,s*ub]t dep5d5t = v>iety ( color1 z unimag9ative compos]s are1 on ! ri*ly div]sifi$ palette ( ! full or*e/ra4 ,8 *amb] music %[s h[ mu* he c accompli% ) limit$ means4 ,9 8 two trios1 op4 #ii & #ajj1 by mak+ ! mo/ ( ! p]cussion quality ( ! piano z well z ( bo? ! pizzicato & ! su/a9$ tones ( ! /r+s1 he evolves a surpris+ v>iety f ! ?ree in/rum5ts4 ,ev5 ) ! /r+ qu>tet1 ! mo/ mono*romatic ( *amb] comb9ations1 he a*ieves great diff]5tiation & contra/1 l>gely by rhy?mically individualiz+ ea* voice4 ,! op5+ ( ! ,a-m9or ,qu>tet is a good example3 viola & 'cello give a drone bass 9 a peculi> & /rik+ rhy?m 7a dott$ half-note foll[$ by a gr\p ( f\r sixte5?s72 ! second viol9 holds ! tone-mass toge!r by means ( a graceful legato runn+ figure 9 eigh?-notes2 ! fir/ viol9 s+s a melody t foll[s its own free & untrammell$ rhy?m4 ,"o is rem9d$ by su* a passage ( ,dvok1 :o is ( close arti/ic k9 to ,s*ub]t4 ,bo? m51 9 _! writ+ = /r+s1 secure fasc9at+ texture by oppos+ _m div]se rhy?ms simultane\sly4 ,! device has be5 assail$ z be+ a mask to cov] a pov]ty ( real polyphony 7inn] melodi\sness72 b ?\gh x may to a c]ta9 ext5t be t1 !re c be no d\bt ( its s5su\s effectiv5ess4 ,ano!r simil>ity betwe5 ,s*ub]t & ,dvok1 also indicative ( _! romantic int]e/ 9 special mom5t>y features1 is _! colori/ic use ( h>mony1 & especially ( modulation4 ,sudd5 transitions to remote keys are no common] p]haps 9 ,s*ub]t ?an 9 ,bee?ov51 b 9 ,s*ub]t !y are prompt$ by consid]ations ( color r ?an ( design4 ,l ,dvok1 he loves unexpect$ recry/allizations ( tone4 ,he %akes ! kaleidoscope ( 8 fancy1 & all ! bits ( glass fall into a new patt]n 7tonality74 ,su* a fasc9at+ *ange z t imm$iately aft] ! =te *ord ( ,d1 9 ! second entr'acte ( ,rosamunde1 is an illu/ration4 ,ev5 bett] ones1 because %[+ s cle>ly ! lack ( any elem5t ( =mal design 9 ^! *anges1 are ^? casual alt]nations ( major & m9or mode :i* are s frequ5t z to con/itute a mann]ism4 ,at ! close ( ! fir/ movem5t ( ! ,g-major ,qu>tet is an extreme case4 ,f\r measures consi/ entirely ( abrupt alt]nations ( ! major & m9or tonic *ords1 ) no melodic b9d+ toge!r4 ,?is is obvi\sly purely a color effect1 & its motive is ( c\rse unequivocally romantic4 ,romantic also is ! p]si/5t lyricism ( all ,s*ub]t's music1 ! symphonies & qu>tets z well z ! songs & piano pieces4 ,9 ! l>g] almo/ z mu* z 9 ! small] works1 ! fundam5tal trait ( ! peculi> type ( expression us$ is its subjectivity1 its /rong p]sonal flavor4 ,if ! songs ( ! classici/s seem (t5 l cond5s$ symphonies1 ! symphonies ( ?is romantici/ are 9 _m respects magnifi$ songs4 ,9 sev]al ( 8 in/rum5tal movem5ts ,s*ub]t actually transcribes 8 !mes f songs already writt51 z = example 9 ! v>iations ( ! ,d-m9or ,qu>tet1 f\nd$ on ,dea? & ! ,maid51 & ^? ( ! ,=ell5 ,qu9tet1 f\nd$ on ,die ,=elle4 ,:5 he uses entirely new mat]ial1 he is apt to conceive x 9 ! lyrical /yle1 & ev5 to ca/ x 9 ! lyrical =m1 ) an exact balance ( phrases ( equal l5g?4 ,! second subject 9 ! ,unf9i%$ ,symphony1 = in/ance1 is l a /anza or /rophe2 ! imag9ation easily adds words to x2 x is an in/rum5tal song4 ,mo/ ( ,s*ub]t's m emotional !mes %>e ?is quality ( utt]ances1 & seem r communications ( p]sonal feel+ ?an objects ( ab/ract beauty4 ,ev5 9 ! lat] works1 l ! ,d-m9or & ,g-major ,qu>tets & ! ,c-major ,qu9tet1 9 :i* ! romance is t+$ ) trag$y1 x is /ill1 "o feels1 romantic trag$y1 ! trag$y ( s5tim5t & s5sibility1 & n univ]sal cosmic trag$y l ,bee?ov5's or ,ba*'s4 ,yet !re is 9 ^! lat] works1 also1 an int5sity & brea?lessness ( utt]ance1 a :ite heat ( passion burn+ away all dross & surplusage1 & giv+ ! /yle an incisiv5ess /rongly contra/$ ) ,s*ub]t's usual g5ial prolixity1 :i* seem to emanate f "s /]n]1 wild] elem5t 9 8 nature4 ,!re is a n]v\s t5s5ess "h :i* is di/9ctively mod]n2 ! ,d-m9or ,qu>tet p>ticul>ly has ! mod]n clos5ess ( texture & rapidity ( pulse4 ,its fir/ !me1 unlike mo/ ( ,s*ub]t's1 is a %ort & tr5*ant motive ( five notes1 compell+ att5tion f ! v outset4 ,! entire fir/ movem5t is treat$ ) great dep? ( feel+ & su/a9$ p[]1 & ! coda is ( a wond]ful dignity & retic5ce4 ,! f9al pre/o1 too1 rem9ds u ( ,s*umann 9 its emotional ri*ness1 & ( ,ts*ak[sky 9 ! passion ( its brok5 rhy?ms & headlong h>monic progressions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! h>monic idiom ( ! fir/ movem5t ( ! qu>tet 9 ,g-major 7see ,figure ,,iv471 ) its lapses ( triads d[n ?r\gh int]vals ( a :ole /ep1 is t ( ,cs> ,franck4 ,s*ub]t is "h ! prototype ( ! mo/ advanc$ mod]n symphoni/s1 z 9 8 piano pieces he anticipates ! me?ods ( ,s*umann1 ,*op91 & ,liszt1 & 9 8 songs gives ! cue to ,franz1 ,rub9/e91 ,grieg1 & ,brahms4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,iv4 ,! *ief faults ( ,s*ub]t's in/rum5tal works--& !y are grave ones--result 9 "p f 8 way ( compos+1 & 9 "p f ! untrav]sable opposition betwe5 ! lyrical expression native to him & ! modes ( con/ruction suitable to ext5d$ movem5ts4 ,s*ub]t 0 an easy-go+1 c>eless1 & indol5t writ]4 ,he wrote music z mo/ p write lett]s2 (t5 he w\ld scribble (f half a doz5 songs 9 a s+le day2 he ?\ght no?+ ( mak+ an ov]ture 9 ?ree h\rs1 or a :ole op]etta 9 a week2 to a fri5d :o ask$ him h[ he compos$1 he repli$1 ,z soon z ,i f9i% "o ?+ ,i beg9 ano!r4 ,:at all ?is means1 practically1 is t he did n compose at all 9 ! /rict s5se ( plac+ toge!r tones ) c>e & =e?\ght1 b m]ely improvis$ on pap]4 ,& z a result1 :ile he c]ta9ly atta9$ a delightful spontaneity ( effect1 he also fell into ! pitfalls ( monotony & diffus5ess4 ,he is con/antly becom+ hypnotiz$ by a rhy?m1 keep+ x up rel5tlessly1 page on page1 )\t relief4 ,:5 he has once hit ^u a phrase t appeals to him1 su*1 = example1 z ! second subject 9 ! ,g-major ,qu>tet1 he is apt to adh]e to x pretty closely ?r\gh a :ole section ( ! piece4 ,su* insi/5ce1 9 contra/ to ! v>iety ( phraseology ( compos]s l ,moz>t1 is comp>able 9 effect to ! s+song c\plets ( ,pope or ,dryd51 z contra/$ ) ! pliant v]sification ( ,%elley4 ,?is weak] aspect ( ,s*ub]t1 connect$ ) 8 lack ( intellectual vigor & possibly ) a c]ta9 flabb9ess ( moral fibre1 has be5 exhau/ively discuss$ by ,mr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,/a?am1 an ,engli% critic1 :o rea*es ! conclusion t 9 music1 z 9 lit]ature1 easy writ+ is h>d read+1 & t 9 ,s*ub]t's l>g] pieces lovely melodies foll[ ea* o!r1 b no?+ comes ( !m4 ,:e!r or n we agree ) s extreme a view1 we _c d5y ,s*ub]t's weakness 9 musical con/ruction4 ,we usually f9d 9 8 music five pages ( repetition to "o ( real developm5t4 ,mr4 ,/a?am is "r 9 contra/+ ! va9 repetitions 9 ! &ante ( ! ,c-major ,symphony ) ! logical evolution ( matt] 9 ! allegretto ( ,bee?ov5's ,sev5? ,symphony4 ,& ev5 :]e1 z 9 ! f9e coda ( ! f9ale ( ! ,c-major ,symphony1 ,s*ub]t has a truly broad design to "w out1 he fills 9 8 detail 9 ! easie/1 lea/ exact+ way by repeat+ id5tical phrases at a high] & high] pit*4 ,! effect ( ! long1 gradual climax is int5sely dramatic1 b :5 ^u famili>ity we realize t ! ideas g5]ate1 s to speak1 by fission1 or exact r$uplication1 r ?an by organic evolution1 we are left /hetically unsatisfi$4 ,! tru? seems to be t ,s*ub]t1 be+ ess5tially a lyrical writ]1 makes beautiful symphonies & qu>tets 9 spite (1 r ?an by means (1 ! natural conditions ( ^! epic musical =ms4 ,8 symphonies are exp&$ songs1 delightful1 z songs are delightful1 = _! directness ( feel+1 _! beauty ( detail1 _! w>m? ( color & s5su\s *>m4 ,8 la/ "w1 h[ev]1 ! great ,c-major ,symphony1 has en\gh ( ! h]oic ab\t x to make u cauti\s 9 say+ :at he might or might n h done _h he n di$ at ?irty-"o1 :5 he 0 j ent]+ ! p]iod ( arti/ic maturity4 ,!re is a gr&eur ( scale & int5tion1 a delib]ation & solidity1 a su/a9$ p[]1 l>ge t\*1 & fre$om ( execution ab\t ?is symphony t place x above all 8 o!r works4 ,! long climaxes bespeak a res]ve p[] n associat$ ) ,s*ub]t ! song-writ]2 ! !mes we> _! possibilities less ^u ! surface1 & unfold !m m cumulatively2 ! h>mony is firm]1 pla9]1 & /rong]2 ! scor+ is done z x 7 ) a l>g] bru%1 ! colors laid on 9 wid] spaces & fre] patt]ns2 & 9 ! la/ movem5t ! romantic note is = once well dr[n$ 9 a deep] cry ( tragic h]oism4 ,x is n a m]e co9cid5ce t ! !me at ! beg9n+ ( ! developm5t section s /rongly sugge/s ,bee?ov5's ,hymn ( ,joy2 ! _s "h is ,bee?ov5's1 & ! spaci\sness ( ! s*eme ( con/ruction1 if n ! detail ) :i* x is fill$ 91 are wor?y ( ! greate/ symphoni/4 ,"h surely ! graci\sness ( *ildhood & ! romantic dalliance ( y\? are laid aside1 & ,s*ub]t speaks ) ! deep1 delib]ate voice ( manhood4 ,dea? nev] came to an arti/ m untimely4 ,_h he liv$1 we _c tell :at new & ev5 pr(\nd] expressions ( ! ripe e>ne/ness t lies beyond romance he might n h plann$ & a*iev$4 ,,iii ,,rob]t ,,s*umann ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,s*umann ,f a pa9t+ by ,e4 ,b5demann ,,iii ,,rob]t ,,s*umann ,9 ! ye> #ahcj1 9 ! old ,g]man univ]sity t[n ( ,heidelb]g1 ,rob]t ,s*umann1 !n a y\? ( tw5ty1 a reluctant /ud5t ( law1 & a devot$ lov] ( music1 0 mak+ ! mo/ mom5t\s decision ( 8 life4 ,= u1 to :om 8 music is a fait accompli1 x is easy en\gh to see ! way 8 g5ius po9t$2 = him x 0 a "t ( self-se>*+1 ( beckon+ hopes & haunt+ fe>s1 ( long hesitation be=e ! f9al c\rage\s adv5ture into an unkn[n l&4 ,my :ole life1 he writes 8 "m1 has be5 a tw5ty ye>s' /ruggle betwe5 poetry & prose1 or1 if y l to call x s1 ,music & ,law4 ,n[ ,i am /&+ at ! crossroads1 & am sc>$ at ! "q ',:i* way to *oose4' ,let me draw a p>allel1 he cont9ues4 ,art says3 ',if y are indu/ri\s1 y may rea* ! goal 9 ?ree ye>s4' ,jurisprud5ce says3 ',9 ?ree ye>s y may p]haps be an ,accessi/1 e>n+ sixte5 gros*5 a ye>4' ,art cont9ues3 ',i am z free z air2 ! :ole _w is op5 to me4' ,jurisprud5ce %rugs h] %\ld]s1 & says3 ',i am no?+ b r$ tape1 f ! cl]k to ! judge1 & always g ab\t spick-&-span1 & hat 9 h&4' ,art goes on to say3 ',beauty & ,i dwell toge!r1 & my :ole _w & all my creations are 9 ! he>t ( man4 ,i am inf9ite & untrammell$1 & my works are immortal4' ,jurisprud5ce says1 ) a fr[n3 ',i c (f] y no?+ b bumpk9s & lawsuits1 or at ! utmo/ a murd]1 b t is an unusual excitem5t4 ,i _c edit new ,p&ects4' ,my belov$ "m1 ,i c b fa9tly indicate ! ?\ghts :i* are surg+ ?r\gh my bra94 ,i wi% y 7 ) me n[1 & c\ld look into my he>t4 ,y w\ld say3 ',/>t on y\r new c>e] ) c\rage1 indu/ry1 & confid5ce1 & y _c fail4'#c ,c]ta9ly !re 0 little en\gh 9 ! legal pr(ession to attract a y\? su* z ^! e>ly lett]s reveal1 ard5t1 imag9ative1 romantically intol]ant ( ! humdrum & ! prosaic4 ,f ! fir/ we see him1 9 ?is cle> mirror ( 8 own words1 m>k$ = a life ( arti/ic expression & free creation4 ,he has all ! arti/'s susceptibility to impressions1 bo? s5su\s & intellectual1 z we ga!r f 8 rhapsodies ov] ! l&scapes1 peasant maid5s1 & w9es ( ! ,rh9e ,valley1 & f 8 int]e/ 9 ! individualities ( 8 travell+ companions4 ,he is a creature ( moods1 plung$ 9 a day f heights ( joy into abysses ( melan*oly4 ,he is impetu\s1 g5]\s1 & volatile 9 8 boyi% fri5d%ips & love affairs2 an affectionate b inconsid]ate son1 an ard5t b desultory work]1 a volum9\s b irregul> correspond5t1 irresponsible 9 money matt]s1 impati5t ( social usages1 incon/ant 9 almo/ ev]y?+ b 8 devotion to beauty4 ,! idol ( 8 boyi% h]o wor%ip is ,jean ,paul ,ri*t]1 t curi\sly ,g]man comp\nd ( s5tim5tality1 my/icism1 & wayw>d humor2 he wi%es t all mank9d might read ,ri*t] & become bett] & m unhappy2 & he (t5 favors 8 "m ) ,jean-,pauli% apo!gms1 reflections1 & fantasies1 9 :i* platitude & s9c]ity are mix$ z only en?usia/ic boyhood c mix !m4 ,byron1 ,he9e1 & ! o!r romantic poets ( ! day he reads1 too1 ) avidity1 & imitates !m 9 erotic ballads & plays ab\t picturesque robb]s4 ,& all along1 music is ! language ( 8 deepe/ moods1 & he sp5ds h\rs commun+ ) 8 piano 9 rhapsodic improvisation1 & devotes 8 leisure to compos+ musical "*-sket*es ( 8 fri5ds4 ,by su* a y\? ! *oice betwe5 law & music c\ld h>dly be decid$ b 9 "o way4 ,he p]suad$ 8 "m & 8 gu>dian to all[ him six mon?s 9 ,leipsic1 "u ! tea*+ ( ,fri$ri* ,wieck1 to %[ :at he c\ld make ( himself z a piani/4 ,8 lett]s dur+ ?is p]iod ( ! fir/ /eady labor he _h kn[n1 :5 ! reaction necess>ily foll[+ ! fev]i% weeks ( decision plung$ him into a dull & relax$ /ate1 %[ ! /]l+ side ( 8 meteoric nature4 ,!y complete ! picture ( "o ( ! mo/ lovable ( y\?s4 ,i j keep jogg+ on1 he writes 9 ,may1 #ahca4 ,x is ! fault ( all vivid "y m9ds t !y aspire to too mu* at once2 x only makes _! "w m complicat$1 & _! _s m re/less4444 ,if only ,i c\ld d "o ?+ well1 in/ead ( _m ?+s badly1 z ,i h always done6 ,/ill1 ! pr9cipal ?+ = me to keep 9 m9d is to lead a pure1 /eady1 sob] life4 ,if ,i /ick to t1 my gu>dian angel w n des]t me2 he n[ sometimes almo/ possesses me = a little4 ,a few mon?s lat] he cont9ues1 m tranquilly3 ,if "o has at la/ come to a conclusion1 & is quiet & satisfi$ 9 "o's own m9d1 ! ideas ( honor1 glory1 & immortality1 ( :i* "o dreams1 )\t do+ any?+ t[>d _! accompli%m5t1 all resolve !mselves into g5tle rules1 only to be le>n$ f "t1 life1 & exp]i5ce4 ,to br+ to light any?+ great & calmly beautiful1 "o ought only to rob ,"t ( "o gra9 ( s& at a "t2 ! complete :ole does n appe> all at once1 /ill less does x drop f ! sky4 ,x is only natural t !re %\ld be mom5ts :5 we ?9k we are go+ back1 :ile 9 reality we are only hesitat+ 9 go+ on4 ,if we let su* mom5ts pass1 & !n set to "w aga9 quickly & bravely1 we %all get on all "r4 ,! philosophic calm ?us ga9$ by habits ( regul> "w 0 soon to be sorely tax$2 = 9 t v ye> all ,s*umann's hopes ( ev] becom+ a piano virtuoso 7 %att]$ by an accid5t to 8 "r h&4 ,) *>act]i/ic impati5ce he _h devis$ a me*anism = ha/5+ ! indep5d5ce ( ! refractory f\r? f+] by hold+ x up ) a /r+ :ile ! o!rs practis$4 ,( c\rse ! result ( ?is viol5ce 0 a p]man5t lam5ess4 ,"u ?is affliction1 h[ev]1 0 hidd5 an incid5tal b5efit2 = piano play+ became n[ no long] "o ( ! _m ?+s t he did badly1 z he _h compla9$1 & he _h at la/ all 8 att5tion to conc5trate ^u composition4 ,he _h writt5 8 opus #a1 ,v>iations on ! "n ( ,abegg1 9 #ahcj2 he n[ foll[$ ?is up ) an endless /ream ( *>m+ piano pieces1 ! l ( :i* _h nev] be=e be5 se54 ,9 #ahcj-ca came ! ,papillons1 opus #b1 & ! ,allegro1 opus #h2 9 #ahcb ! ,/udies aft] ,pagan9i 79 :i* ! te*nical int]e/ ( ! virtuoso is /ill p>am\nt71 ! ,int]mezzi1 & ! fasc9at+ ,impromptus on a ,!me ( ,cl>a ,wieck2 #ahcc add$ to ! li/ two m prim>ily te*nical works1 ! ,conc]t tudes on ,caprices ( ,pagan9i & ! spl5did ,toccata1 opus #g2 & 9 ! next six ye>s1 up to #ahci1 came a long s]ies ( unique & lovely ?+s1 among :i* /& =? 9 especial prom95ce ^? romantic :imsicalities1 ! ,davidsbndl]tnze1 ! ,c>naval1 & ,kriesl]iana1 ! some:at less successful1 because m ambiti\s1 ,sonatas1 opuses #aa1 #ad1 & #bb1 & ! m mature ,symphonic tudes1 ,k9d]sc551 ,phantasie1 & ,novelettes4 ,^! piano works1 conceiv$ ) mo/ d>+ orig9ality & execut$ ) inimitable v]ve1 des]ve to take rank ) ,s*ub]t's songs1 ,m5delssohn's ov]tures1 & ,*op9's nocturnes & preludes1 among ! v few supreme & p]fect atta9m5ts ( ! romantic _s 9 music4 ,_! exub]ant vitality1 _! prodigal weal? ( melodic inv5tion1 _! rhy?mic vigor & h>monic luxuriance1 _! absolutely novel piani/ic effects1 _! curi\s und]curr5t ( fanciful imag]y & extra-musical allusion1 ! peculi>ly p]sonal1 ev5 p]v]se1 idiom 9 :i* !y are c\*$1 all conspire to make !m unique ev5 among _! au?or's works1 & 9 "s respects m happily repres5tative ( him ?an ! lat] productions 9 :i* he 0 m influ5c$ by conv5tional or borr[$ ideals4 ,9 !m we h ! wild-flavor$ fir/ fruits ( 8 g5ius1 fre% ) all ! aroma & bloom ( unsophi/icat$ y\?4 ,a curi\s feature ( mo/ ( ^! e>ly pieces1 due to ! lit]>y cultivation & to ! fanciful bias ( _! compos]'s m9d1 is _! con/ant ref]5ce to all sorts ( extra-musical int]e/s4 ,s*umann1 at ?is "t almo/ z mu* a man ( lett]s z ( tones1 took pleasure 9 equipp+ 8 pieces ) an +5i\s & amus+ s]ies ( allusions to places & p1 real & fictiti\s1 a k9d ( runn+ comm5t>y ( footnotes on ! music1 compreh5sible only to ! initiat$4 ,?is is manag$ p>tly by means ( spell+ out words 9 ! lett]s :i* /& = musical tones1#d p>tly by directions pr9t$ above ! music1 l /age directions 9 a play1 & p>tly by mottoes1 bo? musical & lit]>y1 & quotations ( orig9al & o!r melodies4 ,! ,v>iations1 opus #a1 are f\nd$ on a !me :i* spells ,a-,b-,e-,g-,g--a pseudonym giv5 by ,s*umann to a lady ^: beauty he _h admir$4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,v4 ,mo/ ( ! pieces 9 ! ,c>naval are f\nd$ on f\r tones spell+ ,a-,s-,c-,h1 9 honor ( a fri5d :o liv$ 9 ! t[n ( t "n1 ! rhy?ms be+ s +5i\sly v>i$ t ea* !me s\nds new 9 spite ( its set tonal basis4 ,illu/ration3 score ,,pi]rot4 ,illu/ration3 score ,,arlequ94 ,,valse ,,noble4 ,illu/ration3 score ,,flore/an4 ,,coquette4 ,illu/ration3 score ,,papillons4 ,figure ,,vi4 ,9 lat] life ,s*umann wrote six organ fugues on ! "n ,b-,a-,c-,h2 9 ! album ( ,gade1 ! ,dani% compos]1 he wrote a !me spell+ ,g-,a-,d-,e1 ,a-,d-,e 7,gade1 f>ewell72 & ! ,nor!rn ,song1 9 8 ,piano ,pieces = ! ,"y1 is f\nd$ on ! same lett]s1 9 honor ( ! same musician4 ,mottoes & quotations meet u at e turn4 ,pr9t$ above "o ( ! melodies 9 ! ,int]mezzi are ! words ,me9e ,ruh' i/ h9--,my peace is gone4 ,! ,davidsbndl]tnze be> at _! head a /anza ( v]ses1 & comm5ce ) a musical motto by ,cl>a ,wieck4 ,9 ! f9al m>* ( ! ,c>naval1 a melody ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,! ,gr&fa!r's ,dance1 is us$ to symbolize ! futile resi/ance ( p$antic cons]vatism to ! progress ( art4 ,! ,phantasie1 opus #ag1 0 to h be5 call$ ,obolos1 ! purpose ( its composition be+ to contribute to a fund = a monum5t ( ,bee?ov51 & ! sep>ate movem5ts 7 to h receiv$ ! highly fanciful titles1 ,ru9s1 ,triumphal ,ar*1 & ,! ,/>ry ,cr[n2 b ,s*umann f9ally cont5t$ himself ) a motto f ,s*legel3-- ,dur* alle ,tne ,tnet ,im bunt5 ,erd5traum ,e9 leis] ,ton gezog5 ,fr d5 d] heimli* laus*et4#e ,9 ! ,fas*+ss*wank aus ,wi5 7,c>nival ,prank at ,vi5na7 he manages ! musical quotation ) felicit\s humor4 ,x seems t ! play+ ( ! ,m>seillaise 0 at t "t =bidd5 by ! ,g]man au?orities1 on acc\nt ( ! /rongly revolution>y t5d5cies ( public feel+4 ,?is police taboo did n prev5t ,s*umann f lett+ a s+le /ra9 ( ! spl5did tune fla% out f 8 mosaic ( melodies1 to ! unb\nd$ delight ( 8 audi5ce & ! discomfiture ( ! helpless (ficials4 ,( all 8 compositions1 ! ,davidsbndl]tnze is fulle/ ( ?is tricksy play ( imag9ation1 9 :i* he took1 z ,osc> ,bie says1 ! pleasure ( ! delicate man ( ta/e 9 labell+4 ,f ab\t #ahcd1 :5 he f\nd$ 8 musical j\rnal1 ! ,neue ,zeits*rift fr ,musik1 ! imag9>y society ( ! ,davidsbund play$ an important "p 9 8 m5tal life4 ,believ+ t x 0 a "p ( 8 duty to oppose ! phili/9ism1 ! dulness1 p$antry1 & s5suality :i* p]vad$ ! music ( ! day1 he dramatiz$ ! conflict z a /ruggle betwe5 ! ,davidsbund1 or club ( ,davidites1 & ! =ces ( ,phili/ia4 ,8 fancy play$ ab\t ?is c5tral conception until x _h evolv$ a :ole company ( ,davidites1 individualiz+ ea* "o4 ,sev]al 7 m]ely s+le aspects ( _! creator's complex temp]am5t4 ,flore/an 0 ! impassion$ ,s*umann1 ,eusebius ! dreamy & t5d] ,s*umann1 ,r>o ! philosophical m$iator betwe5 ! two4 ,o!rs indicat$ fri5ds3 ,felix ,m]itis 0 ,m5delssohn2 ,*i>9a1 ,cl>a ,wieck2 ,e/rella1 ,erne/9e von ,frick51 an e>ly swee!>t4 ,once project$ into ! actual _w1 ^! figm5ts ( fancy became v real to _! creator4 ,8 ,sonata1 opus #aa1 0 orig9ally pr9t$ z by ,flore/an & ,eusebius4 ,ea* ( ! numb]s ( ! ,davidsbndl]tnze is sign$ ,f41 or ,e41 or ,f4 & ,e41 & ! ascription is always consci5ti\sly ju/ifi$ by ! "* ( ! music4 ,9 ! fir/ edition !re are ev5 /age directions1 su* z1 ,"h ,flore/an /ops1 8 lips trembl+ pa9fully1 & ,eusebius said too mu* ab\t ?is2 b 8 eyes 7 full ( joy4 ,^! f9ical p>ticul>ities1 h[ev]1 z well z ! motto 9 v]se1 7 9 ! second edition /rick5 out4 ,all ^! elaborate p>aph]nalia ) :i* ,s*umann equipp$ 8 fir/ essays 9 composition are notewor?y n s mu* = any intr9sic significance z = ! light !y ?r[ on 8 peculi> attitude t[>d an art :i* mo/ ( 8 pr$ecessors _h approa*$ 9 a :olly objective & deta*$ _s4 ,! p]si/5t & m9ute subjectivity !y reveal is rem>kable 9 s "y a man1 work+ by in/9ct & 9 despite ( ! p[]ful influ5ce ( tradition4 ,mo/ m5 approa* music ?r\gh a sy/ematic te*nical discipl9e1 & a*ieve individuality ( /yle only ) maturity2 ,s*umann1 rev]s+ ! process1 turns to music at fir/ simply z to "o ( sev]al available ways ( express+ a lively imag9ation1 & ga9s te*nical skill b gradually & by ardu\s ef=t4 ,8 eloqu5ce is t ( a man fill$ ) matt] & en?usiasm1 b untra9$ 9 oratory2 he /amm]s1 hesitates1 co9s words1 improvises phraseology z he goes1 & 9 ! end atta9s flu5cy by d9t ( %e] e>ne/ness & conviction4 ,! inn] impulse to expression creates its own m$ium1 in/ead ( be+ itself =m$ by ! m$ium available2 & :ile a language ?us d]iv$ (fh& has necess>ily c]ta9 crudities1 x has also1 ( c\rse1 a delightful fre%ness & happy spontaneity4 ,! inexhau/ible tunefulness ( ! e>ly ,s*umann is little %ort ( m>vell\s4 ,few compos]s h be5 s prodigal ( lovely melodies4 ,!y are l ! k+'s daught]s 9 ! fairy tales1 ea* m beautiful ?an ! la/2 & ?\gh !re is d\btless a family resemblance1 ea* has a di/9ct physiognomy1 a pron\nc$ individuality4 ,!y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 inde$1 brief1 /rik+ motives r ?an delib]ately compos$ tunes1 p]fect b m9ute cry/als ( mo/ v>i\s %apes1 =m+ spontane\sly 9 ! highly saturat$ solution ( ! musical ?\ght4 ,no ef=t is made to purify1 sep>ate1 or collect !m2 :at _! compos] seems *iefly to value is _! pr(usion & luxuriance4 ,to /ate ! same ?+ 9 m te*nical t]ms1 !re is next to no !matic developm5t2 !re is simply ! pres5tation ( "o *>m+ phrase aft] ano!r4 ,! result is ( c\rse a c]ta9 fragm5t>9ess & :imsicality2 ! music impresses u n by its cumulative p[]1 its ord]ly advance1 b by ! %e] *>m ( its primitive elem5ts4 ,! vigor ( ! rhy?ms nev] flags4 ,%ort notes 9 dott$ rhy?ms1 holds f unacc5t$ to acc5t$ beats1 & all mann] ( devices = int5sify+ acc5tuation1 give an inimitable ela/icity to su* ?+s z ! fir/ ( ! ,int]mezzi1 ! six?1 sev5?1 n9?1 & f9al sections ( ! ,impromptus on a ,!me ( ,cl>a ,wieck1 ! n9? ( ! ,davidsbndl]tnze1 ,prambule1 ,coquette1 ,*i>9a1 ,valse ,allem&e1 & ! f9al m>* 9 ! ,c>naval1 ,aufs*wung 9 ! ,phantasie/cke1 & _m o!rs4 ,!re is to be obs]v$ also a con/ant t5d5cy to emphasize ! metre by slight b sy/ematic deviations f x1 su* z syncopation & ! %ift+ ( motives into artificial relations to ! measure1 & ! simultane\s use ( two or m metrical s*emes at once4 ,int]e/+ examples ( ?is sort ( int5sive syncopation occur 9 ,grill51 "o ( ! ,phantasie/cke1 9 ! ,b-flat major section ( ! eigh? ,novelette1 & 9 ! ,fas*+ss*wank aus ,wi54 ,a delightfully qua9t use ( %ift$ motives is made 9 ! f9ale ( ! ,sonata1 opus #aa4 ,! !me ( ! movem5t1 ?\gh writt5 9 triple measure1 consi/s entirely ( two-beat motives1 s t !re is a con/antly felt1 & v excit+1 opposition betwe5 metrical & rhetorical acc5ts4 ,! motive ( ! s*]zo ( ! same "w is treat$ 9 a some:at simil> way4 ,( all ! _m in/ances :i* might be m5tion$ ( a simultane\s use ( two metrical s*emes1 "o ( ! mo/ consummate is ! employm5t1 9 ,des ,ab5ds1 ( ?ree gr\ps ( two sixte5?-notes 9 ! melody1 aga9/ two gr\ps ( ?ree sixte5?s 9 ! accompanim5t--a subtlety (t5 miss$ by piani/s1 b ess5tial to ! *>m ( ! piece4 ,! fir/ two numb]s ( ! ,davidsbndl]tnze also pres5t attractive oppositions ( metre4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,vii4 ,! same wayw>dness f9ds fur!r expression 9 c]ta9 h>monic ecc5tricities4 ,s*umann loves to surprise1 waylay1 disappo9t1 & o!rwise cajole 8 he>]4 ,/rong unprep>$ dissonances1 entrances ( *ords be=e we expect !m1 delays ( ! expect$ ones1 entire evasions ( ! seem+ly inevitable1 & felicit\s transitions into ! seem+ly impossible are a con/ant feature ( 8 program4 ,he loves to hit ^u a note z if by accid5t1 & !n to ju/ify & ev5 emphasize x1 z 9 ! eigh? & succe$+ measures ( ! !me ( ! ,papillons2 to w\nd our e>s ) ! h>%e/ int]vals1 & !n compel our acquiesc5ce by a result+ felicity1 z 9 ! introduction to ! ,f-%>p m9or ,sonata2 to toss u re/lessly ^u a *romatic sea & br+ u out at la/ into diatonic tranquillity1 z 9 ! fir/ two pages ( ! ,toccata4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,kreisl]iana he keeps ! "r h& half a pace ahead ( ! left1 ?us produc+ a great ri*ness ( tone z well z emphasiz+ ! vigor\s progression ( ! bass4 ,9 ! fir/ v>iation 9 opus #e j ! rev]se ( ?is occurs2 ! bass takes ! lead1 :ile ! *ords 9 ! "r h& lag beh9d1 mak+ tempor>y discords1 b always com+ out "r 9 ! end4 ,_m ( ^! peculi>ities ( h>mony are d\btless due simply to ,s*umann's s5su\s susceptibility to good e>-fill+ s\nd1 long int5sifi$ & develop$ by 8 habit ( improvisation4 ,sir ,hub]t ,p>ry rem>ks t he lov$ to use all ! p$al t 0 possible1 & _h b little objection to ne>+ all ! notes ( ! scale s\nd+ at once4 ,he is said to h lik$ dream+ to himself1 by rambl+ ?r\gh all sorts ( h>monies ) ! p$al d[n2 & ! glam\r ( cross+ rhy?ms & ! s\nd ( cla%+ & antagoni/ic notes 0 mo/ ?or\ghly adapt$ to 8 nature4 ,!re is1 inde$1 evid5ce ( ?is ta/e = ri* tonal effects on almo/ e page ( 8 piano music4 ,l ,*op9 he f9ds a ,moz>tian cl>ity ( s\nd a little tame1 & pref]s to obscure ! outl9es ( 8 consonant *ords by means ( pl5tifully spr9kl$ dissonances2 b :ile ,*op91 m fa/idi\sly delicate1 makes 8 dissonances float l a diaphan\s veil ov] ! pure *ords1 ,s*umann1 ) true ,teutonic luxuri\sness1 fills up all ! *9ks & crannies ) susp5sions & pass+ notes1 & holds d[n ! p$al to boot4 ,8 piano /yle is mu* m massive ?an ,*op9's4 ,he has ! true ,johnsonian ta/e = sonor\sness & resonance4 ,8 e> is insatiably curi\s1 too2 witness ! f9al *ord 9 ! ,papillons1 ) its tones releas$ successively until b "o rema9s s\nd+1 ! extraord9>y clangor ( l[ ?irds & f9al em]g5ce ( gho/ly pianissimo *ord at ! end ( ,pagan9i 9 ! ,c>naval1 & ! _m biz>re sonorities he obta9s by mak+ ! left h& play above ! "r1 z 9 ! second ( ! ,abegg ,v>iations & 9 ! section m>k$ ,langsam] 9 numb] two ( ! ,kreisl]iana4 ,tak5 all toge!r1 ^! piano compositions ( ! decade #ahcj-ahdj1 :i* may be call$ ! fir/ p]iod ( ,s*umann's arti/ic life1 reveal an extraord9>ily mobile & fanciful temp]am5t1 work+ ) ! greate/ fre$om & spontaneity1 ?\gh )\t ! guidance ( regul> discipl9e4 ,_! crudities are und5iable3 ! flights are %ort1 ! =ms are fragm5t>y & (t5 badly proportion$1 ! /yle is highly subjective1 ecc5tric1 arbitr>y4 ,yet !re is 9 ^! ?+s su* unflagg+ vitality1 su* r>e & v>i\s beauty1 su* ab\nd+ y\?ful en?usiasm & fre%ness1 t "o w\ld h>dly sacrifice !m = any?+ else t music has to (f]1 & x has ev5 be5 que/ion$ :e!r 9 ! f9al analysis !re is n m ( ! true ,s*umann 9 !m ?an 9 ! lat]1 l>g]1 & m te*nically p]fect works4 ,9 a s5se ,hans von ,bl[ 0 "r 9 say+ t ! ipsissimus ,s*umann 0 to be f\nd only 9 ! e>ly works up to opus #ej4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is c]ta9 t at ab\t 8 ?irtie? ye> ,s*umann's arti/ic ideal began to und]go a gradual b radical trans=mation4 ,we see him 9 ! compositions ( ?is "t pay+ less & less att5tion to ^? purely p]sonal :ims & fancies t _h at fir/ dom9at$ 8 imag9ation1 & beg9n+ to "w v e>ne/ly t[>d objective beauty & imp]sonal expression4 ,! fictiti\s *>act]s1 ! mottoes1 ! /age directions1 ! :ole elaborate ma*9]y ( allusion to extra-musical int]e/s1 are =gott51 & ! int]e/ ( ! music itself becomes all 9 all4 ,!re _h be5 already1 among ! works ( 8 /orm & /ress p]iod1 s+le compositions 9 :i* ! dramatic int]e/ 0 :olly subord9at$ to ! musical1 z1 = example1 ! great ,toccata1 opus #g1 ! ,allegro1 opus #h1 & ! ,novelettes1 opus #ba2 b n[ :at _h be5 only occasional 9 ! days :5 fancy & a self-involv$ emotional life absorb$ him grew to be normal & con/ant1 & he became = ! fir/ "t a lib]al & devot$ arti/4 ,( ! causes und]ly+ ?is important *ange1 ! mo/ fundam5tal 0 d\btless simply increas+ maturity4 ,y\? is naturally & innoc5tly egoti/ical2 ! "y man ( s5sibility loses himself 9 day dreams & :imsical fancies1 :i* h no basis 9 exp]i5ce1 & no ref]5ce to any?+ beyond !mselves2 age br+s a s5se ( ! values ( real life1 sob]s & dome/icates ! passions1 & enl>ges ! int]e/s until !y spread f ! self to all humanity4 ,9 an arti/ic nature ?is g5]al *ange ( attitude involves a *ange ( arti/ic ideal2 poignancy1 int5sity ( expression1 become less valu$ ?an ju/ice & proportion2 ! m]ely self-expressive comes to seem trivial1 & :imsicalities are disc>d$ z int]f]+ ) ! s]5ity ( a univ]sal beauty4 ,s*umann's *ange ( attitude 0 simply an unusually /rik+ case ( :at happ5s to e p]ceptive m9d :5 exp]i5ce has be5 suffici5tly assimilat$4 ,! anxieties1 d\bts1 fe>s1 & disappo9tm5ts connect$ ) 8 c\rt%ip ( ,cl>a ,wieck probably did m ?an any?+ else to *a/5 & to /eady 8 "* at ?is "t4#f ,! two arti/s1 s div]se 9 tal5ts1 s rem>kably at "o 9 musical ideals1 _h fir/ met 9 ,leipsic 9 #ahbh1 :5 "o 0 a law /ud5t & amateur musician ( eighte51 & ! o!r an accompli%$ piani/1 ?\gh only n9e ye>s old4 ,_! relation 0 = a :ile purely musical2 b z ,cl>a's m9d gradually develop$1 & especially aft] %e began to play ,s*umann's compositions1 !y disc]n$ m & m h[ deep-seat$ an arti/ic & p]sonal cong5iality 0 de/9$ to b9d !m toge!r4 ,x is mo/ int]e/+ to trace 9 8 lett]s & publi%$ music ! successive /eps ( _! comrade%ip4 ,9 #ahcb he composes 8 ,impromptus on a ,!me ( ,cl>a ,wieck2 9 #ahcc he writes3 ,i h _h a sympa!tic idea1 namely t to-morr[1 exactly at elev5 o'clock1 ,i %all play ! ,adagio f ,*op9's ',v>iations1' & %all ?9k int5sely1 exclusively1 ( y4 ,my petition is t y w d ! same1 s t we may meet & communicate 9 _s2 9 #ahcd he says3 ,:5 ,i am ?9k+ ( y v int5tly ,i inv>iably f9d myself at ! piano1 & seem to pref] writ+ to y 9 *ords ( ! n9?1 & especially ) ! famili> *ord ( ! ?irte5?4 ,*i>9a1 9 ! ,c>naval1 writt5 9 #ahce & #ahcg1 is a musical portrait ( ! already belov$ ,cl>a1 & ! ,f-%>p m9or ,sonata1 dat+ f ! same p]iod1 "o ( 8 mo/ romantic & impassion$ works1 is d$icat$ to h]4 ,! ,davidsbndl]tnze 7#ahcg7 op5s ) a motive by h]1 & 9 #ahci1 :ile he is busy ) ! ,phantasie1 he tells h]1 ,i suppose y are ! ,ton 9 ! motto4 ,z "t goes on1 musical sympa?y m]ges m & m into love4 ,! ',davidsbndl]tnze1' & ',phantasie/cke1' he writes 9 ,janu>y1 #ahch1 w be f9i%$ 9 ano!r week4 ,!re are _m bridal ?\ghts 9 ! dances1 :i* 7 sugge/$ by ! mo/ delici\s excitem5t t ,i ev] rememb]4 ,my ,cl>a w und]/& all t is conta9$ 9 ! dances1 = !y are d$icat$ to h] m emphatically ?an any ( my o!r ?+s4 ,! :ole /ory is a ,polt]ab5d4#g ,9 ,april he obs]ves +5u\sly1 ,i h j notic$ t ,ehe#h ! ,g]man = m>riage is a v musical ^w1 & a fif?1 too4 ,a ye> lat] he exclaims3 ,f y\r ,romance ,i see pla9ly t we are to be man & wife4 ,e "o ( y\r ?\ghts comes out ( my s\l1 j z ,i owe all my music to y4444 ,once ,i c call y m9e y %all he> pl5ty ( new ?+s4444 ,& we w publi% "s ?+s "u our two names1 s t po/]ity may reg>d u z "o he>t & "o s\l1 & may n "k :i* is y\rs & :i* m9e4 ,h[ happy ,i am6 ,mean:ile1 h[ev]1 ! n>r[ selfi%ness ( ! fa!r1 ,fri$ri* ,wieck1 0 rais+ all sorts ( ob/acles to ?is union4 ,8 daught] be+1 by h] play+ 9 public1 a s\rce ( f9ancial ga9 to him1 he /eadily oppos$ a m>riage1 z unfavorable to 8 int]e/s4 ,he =bade ! lov]s to meet1 circulat$ false & damag+ /ories ( ,s*umann1 & :5 ! c\ple1 goad$ to despair by 8 ins5sate ob/9acy1 _h resolv$ to take matt]s into _! own h&s1 ?w>t$ ev5 s radical a /ep by pret5d+ to yield1 b impos+ conditions t c\ld n possibly be c>ri$ out4 ,on ! :ole1 consid]+ 8 impulsive temp]am5t1 ,s*umann bore ?is p]secution ) admirable pati5ce1 ?\gh n )\t an occasional pla9t4 ,y\r fa!r calls me phlegmatic8 ',c>naval' & phlegmatic6 ,f-%>p m9or ,sonata & phlegmatic6 ,be+ 9 love ) su* a girl & phlegmatic6 ,& y c li/5 calmly to all ?is8 ,he says t ,i h writt5 no?+ 9 ! ,j\rnal = six weeks4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is n true2 secondly1 ev5 if x 71 h[ does he "k :at o!r "w ,i h be5 do+8 ,up to ! pres5t ! ,j\rnal has _h ab\t eighty %eets ( my own ideas1 n c\nt+ ! re/ ( my editorial "w1 besides :i*1 ,i h f9i%$ t5 great compositions 9 two ye>s1 & !y h co/ me "s he>t's blood4 ,to add to all ?is1 ,i h giv5 sev]al h\rs' h>d /udy e day to ,ba* & ,bee?ov51 & to my own "w1 & consci5ti\sly manag$ a l>ge correspond5ce4 ,i am a "y man ( tw5ty-eight1 ) a v active m9d1 & an arti/ to boot2 yet = eight ye>s ,i h n be5 out ( ,saxony1 & h be5 sitt+ /ill1 sav+ my money1 )\t a ?\ght ( sp5d+ x on amusem5t or horses1 & quietly go+ my own way1 z usual4 ,& d y mean to say t all my indu/ry & simplicity1 & all t ,i h done1 is q lo/ ^u y\r fa!r8 ,b all ^! difficulties & disappo9tm5ts1 all ^! occasions = pati5ce1 tact1 indu/ry1 loyalty1 & self-control1 pa9ful z !y 7 to exp]i5ce1 7 sl[ly trans=m+ ! caprici\s & dreamy y\? into a man ( mature w & season$ res\rcefulness4 ,no man is any use1 says ,/ev5son1 until he has d>$ ev]y?+4 ,"s su* conviction mu/ h be5 9 ,s*umann's m9d :5 at la/1 e>ly 9 #ahdj1 he resolv$ to avail himself ( ! law ( ,saxony t :5 p>5ts )hold _! cons5t to a m>riage )\t good reason1 ! cons5t ( ! c\rts may be sub/itut$4 ,= su* a man1 s public a /ep 9 s sacr$ly private a matt] mu/ h be5 d\bly difficult2 to decide ^u x mu/ h involv$ a long m5tal turmoil4 ,b he did f9ally take 8 case to ! c\rts1 & ev5tually m>ri$ ,cl>a ,wieck1 ) ! sanction ( ! law1 9 ,septemb]1 #ahdj4 ,) ?is manly & c\rage\s action 8 y\? may be said to h end$1 & ! responsibilities1 anxieties1 labors1 & sob] joys ( 8 manhood to h comm5c$4 ,x ?us happ5s t ! la/ purely lyrical expression ( 8 ess5tially lyrical g5ius is to be f\nd 9 ! f9e s]ies ( songs :i* he p\r$ =? 9 #ahdj4 ,9 ! e>ly mon?s ( ?is1 8 song-ye>1 he 0 9 a mo/ s5sitive & exalt$ /ate4 ,! prospect ( atta9+ ! goal s long va9ly /riv5 = _h fir$ 8 imag9ation to fev] heat2 & accord+ to 8 habit he reliev$ ?is excitem5t by incessant composition4 ,s9ce ye/]day morn+1 he writes 9 ,febru>y1 ,i h writt5 ab\t tw5ty-sev5 pages ( music 7some?+ new71 & ,i c tell y no?+ m ab\t x1 except t ,i laugh$ & cri$ ov] x ) delight4 ,ah1 ,cl>a1 :at bliss x is writ+ = ! voice1 & ,i h _h to d )\t x = s long6 ,?is some?+ new 0 ! cycle ( ,myr!n songs1 opus #be1 among :i* are ,widmung1 ,d] ,nussbaum1 ,die ,lotosblume1 ,du ,bi/ wie e9e ,blume1 & o!rs almo/ equally e>ne/1 t5d]1 & passionate4 ,) 8 fir/ publi%$ songs 7n9e lyrics by ,he9e1 opus #bd7 he s5ds ! message3 ,"h is a slight rew>d = y\r la/ two lett]s4 ,:ile ,i 0 compos+ ^! songs ,i 0 q lo/ 9 ?\ghts ( y4 ,if ,i 7 n engag$ to su* a girl1 ,i c\ld n write su* music4 ,i h be5 compos+ s mu*1 he writes 9 ,may1 t x really seems q uncanny at times4 ,i _c help x1 & %\ld l to s+ myself to dea?1 l a night+ale4 ,!re are twelve songs ( ,ei*5dorff's ! ',li$]kreis1' opus #ci1 conta9+ ! dramatic ',waldesgespr*1' ! e!real ',mondna*t1' & ! spl5didly passionate ',frhl+sna*t'1 b ,i h ne>ly =gott5 !m1 & begun some?+ else4 ,all toge!r1 ov] "o hundr$ songs 7 produc$ dur+ ?is s+le ye>1 includ+ su* immortal ma/]pieces z ,er1 d] ,h]rli*/e von ,all51 ,im wund]s*n5 ,monat ,mai1 ,i* grolle ni*t1 ,i* hab' im ,traum gewe9et1 & ,die ,beid5 ,gr5adi]e1 9 addition to ^? already m5tion$4 ,9 g5]al1 ! songs h ! same melodic fre%ness1 ri*ness ( h>mony1 color1 vigor ( rhy?m1 & individuality ( /yle t di/+ui% ! e>li] piano works4 ,x is notewor?y1 h[ev]1 t 9 a c]ta9 directness ( utt]ance1 9 fre$om f ecc5tricities ( mann] & p]v]sity ( fancy1 & 9 an increas$ bread? & coh]5ce ( /ructure1 !y %[ a di/9ct advance4 ,!y m>k1 inde$1 a po9t ( transition 9 ,s*umann's c>e]1 a po9t at :i*1 /ill reta9+ ! exub]ance ( y\?1 he has j le>n$ to direct & control x by means ( a m effici5t arti/ry1 & 9 ! s]vice ( a matur] ideal4 ,to mo/ ( 8 o!r works a /rict criticism has reluctantly to admit ! p]t95ce1 on "o side or ! o!r1 ( ! prov]b ,si jeunesse savait1 si vieillesse p\vait2 b ! songs seem z ?or\ghly a*iev$ z !y are ri*ly inspir$4 ,aft] 8 m>riage he turn$ to ! l>g] =ms ( composition1 :i* he took up 9 a curi\sly me?odical rotation4 ,fir/ came1 9 #ahda1 ?ree symphonies1 ! ,b-flat major1 opus #ch1 ! s-call$ ,ov]ture1 ,s*]zo1 & ,f9ale1 & ! ,d-m9or1 publi%$ _m ye>s lat] z opus #abj4 ,! piano conc]to 0 also begun4 ,9 #ahdb 8 int]e/ 0 %ift$ to *amb] music1 & ! ?ree qu>tets = /r+s1 ! piano qu>tet1 & ! piano qu9tet appe>$ 9 rapid succession4 ,n until #ahdc did he essay1 9 ,p>adise & ! ,p]i1 a l>ge *oral "w1 b !reaft] sev]al su* works appe>$ f "t to "t4 ,?us we see t :ile 8 m romantic compositions 7 = ! mo/ "p produc$ 9 ! ye>s ( y\? & c\rt%ip1 he turn$1 :5 once he _h begun to face life z x is1 9 all its trag$y & difficulty z well z its human beauty & sweetness1 to ! sev]]1 gr&] =ms ( music4 ,9 spite ( ! happ9ess he f\nd 9 "o ( ! mo/ p]fect ( m>riages1 we mu/ rememb] t ?is union also involv$ new responsibilities1 anxieties1 & di/ractions4 ,x br\ght ) x novel social & pr(essional duties1 *ildr5 to be protect$1 guid$1 & help$1 & above all ! gr9d+ r\t9e by :i* ! daily bread ( an arti/ has to be e>n$4 ,h[ sev]e ! conditions 7 we h only rec5tly le>n$ f ! complete biography ( ,cl>a ,s*umann4#i ,9 h] di>y we read ( ! con/ant /ruggles ( ^! s5sitive p to get ! m]e necess>ies ( life2 ( ! husb&'s /eadily increas+ ill-heal?1 physical & m5tal1 end+ 9 insanity & e>ly dea?2 ( en=c$ migrations to ,dresd5 & ,dsseldorf 9 se>* ( m lucrative po/s = him z an or*e/ral conductor1 & ( ! defeat ( ev5 ^! ef=ts by ! incompet5ce ( disease2 & ( ! wife's loyal resumption ( conc]t play+1 9 ord] to fill ! family purse4 ,all ?is exp]i5ce ( ! sordid actualities ) :i* ! _w always te/s its ideali/s 0 well calculat$ to make ev5 ,s*umann take a sob]1 & at times a tragic1 view ( life2 & ?\gh he is always noble & devot$1 !re is (t5 9 8 *ance rem>ks1 z ye>s g on1 a note ( we>9ess1 melan*oly1 or philosophic resignation4 ,x is n t he surr5d]s 8 ideals--only t he f9ds !m m difficult ( realization ?an he _h suppos$ 9 ! flu% ( y\?1 & "u ! buffets ( fate retires some:at into himself1 & *a/5s 8 en?usiasm into a /oical fai? & a m pati5t loyalty4 ,?is *ange ( temp] inevitably makes itself felt 9 su* *>act]i/ic music z ! solemn introduction & ! aspir+ adagio ( ! ,c-major ,symphony1 ! my/ical ,ca!dral ,sc5e ( ! ,rh5i% ,symphony1 ! sombre & re/less ,manfr$ ,ov]ture1 ! noble ,fun]al ,m>* 9 ! ,piano ,qu9tet1 & ! inf9itely t5d] ,&ante grazioso ( ! ,piano ,conc]to4 ,! same s9c]e1 simple nature z ev] is felt beh9d ^! ?+s1 b ! /ream ( its emotion is n[ m pr(\nd & quiet1 z a riv]1 :5 x rea*es ! pla9s1 no long] sp>kles & bubbles1 b fl[s tranquil & deep4 ,te*nically1 ,s*umann 0 h&icapp$ 9 ?is new dep>ture by 8 exclusively piani/ic e>ly tra9+4 ,he _h acquir$ a habit ( ?9k+ 9 t]ms ( ! piano :i* x 0 almo/ impossible to break1 & he _h n1 l mo/ symphoni/s1 famili>iz$ himself ) or*e/ral in/rum5ts f boyhood4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t he made _m blund]s 9 8 fir/ essays 9 in/rum5tation1 & nev] scor$ ) ! ease1 c]ta9ty1 & effectiv5ess ( a ma/]4 ,an (t-cit$ in/ance is ! op5+ horn-phrase ( ! fir/ symphony1 orig9ally writt5 z at 7a7 9 ,figure ,,viii1 9 :i* =m x is grotesquely ineffective on acc\nt ( ! muffl$ quality1 on ! horn1 ( ! fif? & six? tones1 & *ang$ only on second ?\ght1 aft] rehe>sal1 to its pres5t =m1 7b74 ,illu/ration3 score 7a7 ,illu/ration3 score 7b7 ,figure ,,viii4 ,ano!r is ! fir/ trio ( ! s*]zo 9 ! second symphony4 ,curi\sly oblivi\s ( tonal monotony1 he ca/ ?is passage entirely = ! /r+s1 despite ! fact t !y _h be5 prom95t ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! prec$+ s*]zo4 ,x 0 ,m5delssohn :o sugge/$ ! use ( ! wood-w9d in/rum5ts "h1 c]ta9ly a m>k$ improvem5t4 ,isolat$ errors or miscalculations l ^!1 h[ev]1 are mu* less s]i\s ?an ! p]vasive heav9ess & mudd9ess ( scor+ t con/antly m> ! s\nd-mass4 ,a mi/ak5 desire = ri*ness ( color l$ him to d\ble 8 in/rum5ts until all transp>5cy 0 lo/4 ,x is z if a pa9t] %\ld use all 8 pigm5ts all ! "t3 ! pot5cy ( ea* w\ld be cancell$ by ! o!rs1 & ! eye1 ?r\gh a surfeit ( impressions1 w\ld become dull$ & jad$4 ,only by ! sil5ce ( "s in/rum5ts c o!rs come into relief4 ,s*umann's symphonies1 says ,mr4 ,we+>tn]1#aj are compos$ = ! pian(orte1 & arrang$--unhappily1 n well at t--= ! or*e/ra4 ,:5ev] ,i comp>e1 z a conductor1 ! labor ( ! rehe>sals & ! p]=mance ) ! f9al effect1 !re comes ov] me a feel+ simil> to t ,i h t[>ds a p]son 9 :om ,i expect$ to f9d mutual fri5d%ip & 0 disappo9t$4 ,no sign ( life gleams 9 ?is apa!tic or*e/ra1 :i*1 if giv5 ev5 a simple ,m5delssohnian piece to play1 seems q trans=m$4 ,!re are1 x is true1 z ,mr4 ,we+>tn] w\ld d\btless admit1 _m s+le passages ( great tonal beauty & orig9ality scatt]$ "h & !re 9 ^! ov]lad5 scores4 ,su* are ! sombre trombone h>monies at ! end ( ! sl[ movem5t ( ! ,b-flat ,symphony1 ! cele/ial viol9 melody 9 ! adagio ( ! ,c-major ,symphony 7to :i* ,mr4 ,we+>tn] gives ! highe/ praise71 & ! viol9 solo 9 ! ,romance ( ! ,symphony 9 ,d-m9or4 ,above all1 !re is ! wond]ful horn-call 9 ! ,g5oveva ,ov]ture--"o ( ! lovelie/ mom5ts 9 all music4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,ix4 ,b ^! are ! high lights 9 a picture :i* = ! re/ is too (t5 gray & blurr$4 ,9 ! *amb] music1 too1 we feel ! same %ortcom+s4 ,! ?ree qu>tets s\nd pat*y or dry1 l piano pieces play$ )\t p$al2#aa only 9 ! qu9tet & ! qu>tet ) piano does ,s*umann's favorite in/rum5t introduce ela/icity & sp>kle4 ,ano!r problem1 ev5 m fundam5tal ?an t ( in/rum5tation1 :i* ,s*umann1 9 approa*+ ! l>g] =ms1 _h to solve z be/ he c\ld1 0 t ( melodic v>iety & bread?4 ,"h aga9 he 0 at a disadvantage4 ,all 8 exp]i5ce _h be5 ) %ort lyrical melodies or g]ms ( melodies su* z are appropriate to piano pieces 9 ! romantic ve9 & to songs2 b l>g] works require a wid] sweep 9 ! initial !mes1 a m complex diff]5tiation ( !mes1 & a p[] ( m5tal syn!sis t c comb9e ! mo/ div]se elem5ts 9 a coh]5t organism4 ,mr4 ,had[#ab names ! two types ( melody1 :i* are suitable respectively to ! l>ge & to ! small =ms1 ! ,cont9u\s & ! ,discrete4 ,9 ! =m]1 he expla9s1 a s]ies ( entirely diff]5t elem5ts is fus$ into a s+le :ole3 no two ( !m are simil>1 yet all are s fitt$ toge!r t ea* supplies :at ! o!rs ne$4 ,9 ! latt] a set ( p>allel clauses are balanc$ anti!tically3 ! same rhy?mic figure is pres]v$ 9 all1 & ! diff]5ces dep5d entirely ^u qualities ( tone & curve4 ,! =m] is ! typical me?od ( ,bee?ov51 ! latt] t ( ,s*umann4 ,& he cites z examples ,bee?ov5's violoncello sonata 9 ,a1 & ! op5+ movem5t ( ,s*umann's piano qu9tet4 ,n[1 ! con/ruction ( ext5d$ works out ( melodies ( ! discrete or lyrical type pres5ts c]ta9 inevitable difficulties t ! romantic compos]s1 :o in/9ctively ?9k only 9 su* melodies1 are always hav+ to meet 9 "o way or ano!r4 ,we h already se5#ac h[ ,s*ub]t1 on ! :ole1 fail$ to solve ! problem1 & cont5t$ himself ) monoton\s repetitions ( 8 ideas1 or ) v>iations ( _! m]e ornam5tation or timbre4 ,we %all lat] see h[ ,*op9 decl9$1 & h[ ,b]lioz & ,liszt evad$1 ! same emb>rassm5t4 ,x w be enlight5+ to exam9e h[ f> ,s*umann succe$$ & h[ f> he fail$ 9 readju/+ 8 musical imag9ation to ! new requirem5ts4 ,9 _m cases he fails z ,s*ub]t fail$4 ,beg9n+ a symphonic movem5t ) a song-l melody1 gr\p$ 9 p>allel phrases1 g5]ally ( f\r measures' l5g?1 he is able to proce$ only by m or less va9 repetitions4 ,! result is a monotony1 a flatness & lack ( contra/ & relief1 some?+ l t ( a wall-pap] ) its endless re-pres5tations ( a s+le patt]n4 ,?is defect is especially felt 9 ! developm5t sections ( 8 fir/ movem5ts & f9ales1 9 :i* he has1 by ! compulsion ( circum/ances1 to =ego ! *>m ( melodic novelty4 ,9 ! allegro ( ! fir/ qu>tet1 ! developm5t is f\nd$ on two or ?ree patt]ns1 _m times reit]at$ 9 v>i\s keys4 ,! fir/ movem5t ( ! piano qu>tet1 9 spite ( its h>monic orig9ality1 is op5 to ! same criticism1 z are also1 9 fact1 mo/ ( ! developm5t sections 9 all f\r ( ! symphonies4 ,a welcome contra/ is f\nd 9 ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! fir/ movem5t 9 ! qu9tet1 :]e an +5i\s dim9ution ( ! !me gives opportunity = mu* g5u9e v>iation1 & ( ! f9ale ( ! conc]to1 ) its inexhau/ible f]tility ( rhy?ms & melodic figures4 ,x mu/ be add$1 also1 t ev5 :5 ,s*umann is mo/ helplessly %ackl$ to 8 initial !mes1 ^! are ( su* intr9sic beauty t ! effect is inf9itely to be pref]r$ to t ( m skilful m$iocrity4 ,next to ! primordial *>m ( 8 melodies1 8 mo/ effici5t aid 9 ! solution ( ! problem is 8 in/9ct = c\nt]po9t1 ) all its mat*less p[] to vitalize ! musical tissue4 ,?is in/9ct 0 educat$ by a long & e>ne/ /udy ( ,ba*4 ,z e>ly z #ahbi he made ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! ,well-temp]$ ,clavi*ord4 ,9 #ahcb he writes3 ,i h tak5 ! fugues "o by "o1 & dissect$ !m d[n to _! m9ute/ p>ts4 ,! advantage ( ?is is great1 & seems to h a /r5g!n+ effect on "o's :ole sy/em2 = ,ba* 0 a ?or\gh man4 ,!re is no?+ sickly or /unt$ ab\t him1 & 8 works seem writt5 = et]nity4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ passages 9 ! lett]s is t :i* ackn[l$ges ! supreme importance ( su* /udy to ! romantic compos]s4 ,haydn & ,moz>t1 he says1 _h only a p>tial & imp]fect k ( ,ba*1 & we c h no idea h[ ,ba*1 _h !y kn[n him 9 all 8 greatness1 w\ld h affect$ _! creative p[]s4 ,m5delssohn1 ,b5nett1 ,*op91 ,hill]1 9 fact all ! s-call$ romantic s*ool1 approa* ,ba* f> m ne>ly 9 _! music ?an ,moz>t ev] did3 inde$ all ( !m "k ,ba* mo/ ?or\ghly4 ,i myself confess my s9s daily to t mighty "o1 & endeavor to purify & /r5g!n myself ?r\gh him4 ,besides ?is g5]al purification & /r5g!n+ ( 8 musical ?\ght1 ,s*umann f\nd 9 ,ba* an invaluable antidote = 8 wayw>d1 y\?ful subjectivism2 = ,ba* is ( all compos]s ! mo/ deeply & ab/ractly musical1 ! mo/ ?or\ghly f\nd$ on natural tonal laws1 ! lea/ infect$ ) extrane\s ideals & m]etrici\s me?ods4 ,8 art is :olly objective1 q univ]sal2 he makes no concession to vulg>ity or to ins5sibility1 & 8 ta/e is z exact+ z 8 skill is impeccable4 ,te*nically1 too1 he gave ,s*umann1 too long habituat$ to ! n>r[ scope & rigid rhy?mical balance ( ! lyrical =ms1 j ! emancipation1 ! m5tal lib]ation & broad5+1 :i* he ne$$4 ,! way ( escape f ! prosodic monotony ( ! song lies ?r\gh polyphony1 ?r\gh ! conceiv+ ( music z a gr\p or bundle ( melodies ea* ( :i* has its own vitality & its own provocation to fancy4 ,once ! compos] le>ns to foll[ ea* /r& 9 ?is web1 = its own sake1 & to atta9 coh]5ce by ! p]si/5ce ( *>act]i/ic motives ( all types1 r ?an by a slavi% alt]nation ( phrase & equal c\nt]-phrase1 ! creation wid5s 9 8 view1 & he writes ) a hi!rto undream$-( ela/icity4 ,! :olesome influ5ce ( ! polyphonic or contrapuntal habit ( m9d makes itself felt v e>ly 9 ,s*umann's works1 ev5 9 ! piano pieces ( ! fir/ p]iod4 ,osc> ,bie detects its e>lie/ manife/ations 9 opuses #ac & #ad1 b x is c]ta9ly noticeable 9 ! ,impromptus1 opus #e4 ,! v s*eme ( ?is "w1 :i* is a set ( v>iations on a fix$ bass q z mu* z on ! ,romance ( ,cl>a ,wieck1 sugge/s ! ,ba* /&po9t4 ,! dext]\s weav+ ( motives 9 sections f\r & eight %[ ! same _s4 ,above all1 ! fugato 9 ! f9ale1 ) its bold cont\r & its /eadily cumulative sonority & !matic int]e/1 & ) its /rik+ /retto 7see ! figure71 n only gives evid5ce ( m9ute /udy1 b is a f> f unskilful imitation ( a great model4 ,illu/ration3 score ,illu/ration3 score ,!me & ,/retto f ! ,f9ale ( ! ,impromptus1 opus #e4 ,figure ,x4 ,! habitual use ( ! sequ5ce1 ! canon1 & ev5 ! fugato1 ?\gh always 9 an impressioni/ic1 romantic ve91 also presses itself con/antly ^u our att5tion4 ,su* contrapuntal habits soon became in/9ctive & unconsci\s ) ,s*umann4 ,9 my late/ compositions1 he rem>ks 9 #ahch1 ,i (t5 he> _m ?+s t ,i _c expla94 ,x is mo/ extraord9>y h[ ,i write almo/ ev]y?+ 9 canon1 & !n only detect ! imitation aft]w>ds1 & (t5 f9d inv]sions1 rhy?ms 9 contr>y emotion1 etc4 ,b ! explanation is giv5 by a s5t5ce 9 ! same lett]3 ,ba* is my daily bread2 he com=ts me & gives me new ideas4 ,s b5efic5t 9 ! small pieces1 ! inspiration ( ! ,ba* polyphony became invaluable 9 ! l>g] works4 ,to x are traceable ! supreme passages 9 ! symphonies1 su* z ! pr(\ndly ?\ghtful introduction ( ! ,c-major1 ) ! rugg$ dissonances result+ f ! sup]pos+ ( ! call ( horns & trumpets ^u ! inexorable progression ( ! /r+s1 ! insi/5tly climactic introduction ( ! ,d-m9or1 & ! entire movem5t 9 ! ,e-flat major kn[n z ! ,ca!dral ,sc5e1 :i* is surely n ! lea/ ( ! monum5ts ( ,go?ic art1 ?\gh its massive p$im5ts & so>+ ar*es are c>v$ ( immat]ial tones4 ,9 8 ?ree essays 9 ! /r+ qu>tet1 ! mo/ exact+ ( all m$iums1 ,s*umann's contrapuntal skill is less secure4 ,fail+ (t5 to conceive ! inn] voices indep5d5tly1 he falls into a j]k9ess result+ f ! con/ant /oppages ( ! little phrases2 in/ead ( lett+ ! melodies g]m9ate & so>1 he con/ricts !m )9 a pr$et]m9$ h>monic m\ld2 & ! wall-pap] patt]ns inevitably creep 94 ,b 9 ! qu>tet ) piano & /ill m 9 ! qu9tet1 ! contrapuntal /imulus is aga9 effici5tly felt4 ,f ! so>+ imitations ( ! fir/ page to ! two excit+ fugatos 9 ! coda ( ! f9ale1 "o on ! !me ( t movem5t1 & ! o!r1 by a happy inspiration1 on ! !me ( ! op5+ allegro1 /ructurally r\nd+ out ! entire "w1 ! music bubbles & ?robs ) melody4 ,"o o!r great "w !re is1 belong+ to ?is p]iod1 :i* = fecundity ( inv5tion1 luxuriant ri*ness ( color+1 & /\tness ( /ructure des]ves to rank ) ! qu9tet1 if n above x4 ,?is is ! piano conc]to 9 ,a-m9or1 begun 9 #ahda & complet$ 9 #ahde1--t is to say1 writt5 9 ! brief prime ( ,s*umann's tr\bl$ life1 :5 8 p[]s _h be5 m>%all$ & coord9at$ by discipl9e1 & be=e !y _h become blight$ by disease4 ,x is ?us q up to 8 e>ly /&>d 9 ! matt] ( fre%ness ( melody1 rhy?mic animation1 & exotic gorge\sness ( h>mony1 & at ! same "t f> m firmly knit1 m ju/ly proportion$1 & m flexibly conceiv$ ?an ! piano sonatas or ! /r+ qu>tets4 ,! s9c]ity1 t5d]ness1 grace1 & impetu\s en?usiasm ( ! y\?ful romantici/ are n 9 ! lea/ abat$4 ,:at c\ld be m contagi\s ?an ! exub]ant fir/ movem5t1 9 :i* "o h>dly kn[s :i* to admire ! m1 ! felicity ( su* details z ! cl>9et cantabile1 ! ,&ante expressivo = solo piano1 & ! nobly polyphonic cad5za1 or ! broadly climactic plan ( ! :ole8 ,:at c\ld appeal m simply & directly to ! he>t ?an ! delicate & yet ec/atic ,&ante grazioso1 ) its w9d+ int]me%$ melodies1 clu/]+ ab\t ! violoncello phrases z a grapev9e fe/oons itself ^u a tree8 ,yet p]fectly w$d$ ) all ?is fem99e suavity & grace is a m mascul9e quality1 a f9e poise1 re/ra9t1 res]vation ( =ce1 :i* c\nt]acts all t5d5cy to fev]i%ness1 & gives ! "w a sort ( imp]sonal dignity & beauty at ! opposite pole f ! p]v]se individualism ( ! ,davidsbndl]tnze & ! ,c>naval4 ,"o feels t ! compos]1 no long] ! victim ( 8 moods1 is %ap+ 8 "w ) ! s]5e deta*m5t ( ! arti/4 ,p>ticul>ly manife/ is ?is new ma/]y 9 ! rhy?mical treatm5t ( ! f9ale4 ,! rhy?ms "h are z sali5t1 z seiz+1 z ev]1 b !y are f> m v>i\s4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! /rongly ?ree-beat quality ( ! initial motif1 7a7 9 ,figure ,,xi1 & ! cross acc5t ( twos 9 ! second !me 7b71 is a /roke ( positive g5ius4 ,illu/ration3 score 7a7 ,illu/ration3 score 7b7 ,illu/ration3 score 7c7 ,figure ,,xi4 ,"o %\ld note also ! subtlety ) :i* ! regul> ?ree-beat met] is gradually resum$ aft] ! int]regnum 7c 9 ! figure74 ,inde$1 to d ju/ice to ! pla/ic beauty ( ?is movem5t w\ld require no?+ less ?an a measure-by-measure analysis ( its *>m+ly v>i$ phraseology4 ,to play x aft] ! ,abegg ,v>iations is l pass+ f a s*oolboy's s+song deliv]y ( ,! ,boy ,/ood on ! ,burn+ ,deck to ! read+ ( an ode ( ,%elley or a sonnet ( ,keats4 ,9 our desire to compreh5d h[ mu* ,s*umann ga9$ by 8 /udy ( ,ba* & o!r great ma/]s ( composition 7su* z 8 contempor>y1 ,m5delssohn1 = in/ance1 ^: p]fection ( =m he va9ly tri$ to emulate1 possibly to ! disadvantage ( 8 own orig9ality71 we mu/ n fail to note c]ta9 indications t 8 en?usiasm sometimes ov]leap$ itself4 ,a /rong w l 8 easily falls1 by ! ov]use or abuse ( special arti/ic devices1 into mann]isms2 & he1 ) 8 fondness = sequ5ces1 inv]sions1 canons1 & o!r contrapuntal traits1 did n escape ?is dang]4 ,s long z he us$ ^! tools ) a c]ta9 romantic fre$om & g5iality1 inspir$ by _! _s r ?an enslav$ by _! lett]1 z he uses = example ! canon 9 ! &ante ( ! piano qu>tet1 ! device ( dim9ution 9 ! developm5t section ( ! fir/ movem5t ( ! qu9tet1 & ! fugato 9 ! f9ale ( ! same1 !y enri*$ & guid$ 8 fancy4 ,b :5 he writes canonically ?r\gh\t a :ole movem5t1 z 9 ! s*]zo ( ! ,d-m9or ,trio or ! ?ird movem5t ( ! ,f-major ,trio1 :5 he puts ^u 8 g5ius ! manacles ( /rict c\nt]po9t1 z 9 ! ,/udies 9 ,canon ,=m = ,p$al ,piano1 opus #ef1 & 9 ! ,f\r ,fugues1 opus #gb1 above all :5 he indulges1 z 9 ! organ fugues on ,b-,a-,c-,h1 9 ^? inv]sions & retrogressions ( !mes de> to ! s*oolm51 !n le>n+ becomes baneful1 & music deg5]ates into a p$antic ex]cise4 ,a f> m insidi\s & fatal blight ?an su* occasional p$antry 0 n[1 h[ev]1 beg9n+ to ov]spread 8 music4 ,! /ory ( ! long1 gradual eclipse & f9al ext9ction "s ye>s be=e dea?1 by ! ravages ( physical & m5tal disease1 ( a g5ius :i* _h dawn$ s brightly & rea*$ its m]idian 9 su* ample & yet temp]$ spl5dor1 is "o ( ! mo/ pa!tic *apt]s 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,! exact nature ( ! disease 0 some:at obscure1 b ! basis ( x seems to h be5 a t5d5cy1 inh]it$ f ! "m1 t[>d abnormal activity ( ! bra91 & a result+ conge/ion1 di/5tion ( ! blood-vessels1 & f9al ossification ( c]ebral tissue1 c>ry+ ) x m5tal p>alysis & deg5]ation4 ,! tr\ble 0 no d\bt aggravat$ by ov]work & by ! con/ant excitem5t ( musical composition4 ,a peculi> feature 0 its reaction on ,s*umann's spirits4 ,g5]ally ?is sort ( c]ebral atrophy is att5d$ by unreason+ high spirits1 a baseless self-satisfaction uncanny to obs]ve b m]ciful to ! suff]]4 ,b ,s*umann's native moral =ce & m5tal p[] 7 s great t he /ruggl$ ) 8 fate z a less] man w\ld n h done2 & ! result ( ! unequal fight 0 a t]rible melan*oly1 s9k+ sometimes into a blank le?>gy ( depression1 & ris+ at o!r times into acute despair4 ,x 0 9 "o ( ^! fr5zi$ mom5ts t1 9 ,febru>y1 #ahed1 he attempt$ to dr[n himself 9 ! ,rh9e4 ,rescu$ f suicide1 he _h = safety's sake to be put 9 an asylum1 :]e aft] two ye>s ( m]ely vegetative exi/5ce1 he di$ on ,july #bi1 #ahef4 ,?is deep-seat$ physical disability is responsible = ! curi\s impot5ce ( ^? compositions :i* he s re/lessly produc$ all ?r\gh ! afflict$ ye>s4 ,su* ?+s z ! viol9 sonata1 opus #aba1 ! ,introduction & ,allegro ,appassionata1 opus #ib1 ! ,conc]t ,allegro1 opus #acd1 & ! ov]tures ,julius ,caes>1 ,braut von ,mess9a1 & ,h]mann und ,doro!a1 negligible f ! arti/ic /&po9t1 are z human docum5ts deeply pa!tic4 ,9 !m we see ! crippl$ ma/] 9 fruitless travail4 ,! int5tion is always noble1 ! old fire fla%es out n[ & !n1 ! ideal ( expression is ! same z ev]1 b ! pa? f w to act is clogg$1 ! musical fancy is p>alyz$2 & all t results is page aft] dre>y page ( rigidly un*ang+ rhy?ms1 /agnant h>monies1 manufactur$ melodies1 & climaxes t rea* no goal4 ,p>ticul>ly sadd5+ is x to note ! hy/]ical "* ( ! emotional passages4 ,9 ! ov]ture to ,manfr$1 "o ( 8 immortal ma/]pieces1 he %[$ once = all 8 m>vell\s p[] = impassion$ expression4 ,alas6 t 9 ! fev] ( sickness he 0 goad$ to p>ody 8 own immortal "w 9 futile replicas t imitate its qualities only to trivialize !m4 ,x is a relief to turn f ! sorry spectacle ( ^! galvanic twit*+s ( ! once s virile intellect to ! "o happy episode t light5s ?is p]iod ( gloom4 ,?is 0 ! com+ ( ,brahms 9 #ahec4 ,9 ord] to und]/& fully :at ! app>ition ( a y\? ( s pure & high a g5ius meant to ,s*umann1 we mu/ rememb] ! dep? & unselfi%ness ( 8 love = art1 ! lifelong labors he _h und]tak5 9 ord] to purify public ta/e1 ! grim & (t5 s+le-h&$ battle he _h wag$ aga9/ ,phili/9ism & m$iocrity4 ,composition1 ! s]vice ( ! gods ( music at _! inmo/ %r9e1 _h be5 only "o aspect ( 8 life2 ! o!r side _h be5 8 lit]>y & editorial labors1 9 :i*1 l a true prie/1 he _h gone =? to spread ! fai? among h]etics & idolat]s4 ,! ,new ,j\rnal ( ,music1 :i* he f\nd$ 9 #ahcd1 _h = its object1 9 8 own words1 ! elevation ( ,g]man ta/e & intellect by ,g]man art1 :e!r by po9t+ to ! great models ( old "t1 or by enc\rag+ y\ng] tal5ts4 ,! musical situation1 he wrote "s ye>s aft]w>ds1 0 n !n v enc\rag+4 ,on ! /age ,ross9i reign$1 at ! pian(orte no?+ 0 he>d b ,h]z & ,hnt52 & yet b a few ye>s _h pass$ s9ce ,bee?ov51 ,web]1 & ,s*ub]t _h liv$ among/ u4 ,"o day ! ?\ght awak5$ 9 a wild he>t1 ',let u n look on idly2 let u also l5d our aid to progress1 let u br+ aga9 ! poetry ( art to honor among m54' ,! proposal ?us made1 9 a _s ( altrui/ic devotion to art unhappily too r>e among creative musicians1 0 fai?fully c>ri$ out 9 a s]ies ( appreciative1 g5]ally discrim9at+1 & always ent]ta9+ articles on su* m5 z ,m5delssohn1 ,gade1 ,b5nett1 ,franz1 ,h5selt1 ,hell]1 ,b]lioz1 ,liszt1 ,?alb]g1 & ,mos*eles1 alt]nat+ ) o!rs ( a m hi/orical or g5]al "*1 always wise1 fair1 sugge/ive1 & pleasantly po9t$ ) humor1 wit1 & ! play ( t irresponsible fancy :i* revell$ 9 ,jean ,paul & creat$ ! ,davidsbund4 ,"o ( ! mo/ t\*+ features ( ! ,new ,j\rnal1 to a read] ( to-day1 is ! almo/ too g5]\s k9dl9ess ( its judgm5ts1 ! eag] en?usiasm ) :i* x proclaims ! adv5t ( g5iuses :o h already fall5 into oblivion4 ,its editor proce$$ s he>tily on ! pr9ciple t x is wis] to enc\rage ! good ?an to disc\rage ! bad t he (t5 discov]$ non5tities only to h !m left helpless on 8 h&s4 ,! exp]i5ce mu/ h be5 disappo9t+ to ! mo/ sangu9e4 ,seldom z he condemns1 too1 he mu/ frequ5tly h _h ! petty egoti/s sw>m+ & buzz+ ab\t him1 black flies & gnats 9 human =m1 su* z w beset ! /an*e/ crusad]4 ,to "o engag$ 9 s humane & dis9t]e/$ a task1 & pursu+ x ?r\gh su* annoyances1 ! adv5t ( a true g5ius l ,brahms mu/ h be5 ! mo/ joyful ( ev5ts4 ,s*umann at once recogniz$ & welcom$ x4 ,:5 ,brahms1 !n a t[-head$1 high-voic$ boy ( tw5ty1 arriv$ f ,hamburg ) a p>cel ( manuscripts1 he gave him1 9 ! fam\s article1 ,new ,pa?s1 ! mo/ royal greet+ a neophyte has ev] receiv$ f a bro!r musician4 ,he has come1 ! *os5 y\?1 ov] ^: cradle ! ,graces & ! ,h]oes seem to h kept wat*4 ,may ! ,highe/ ,g5ius help him onw>d6 ,mean:ile ano!r g5ius--t ( mode/y--seems to dwell )9 him4 ,8 ,comrades greet him at 8 fir/ /ep 9 ! _w1 :]e w\nds may p]haps await him1 b also ! bay & ! laurel4 ,x is a fitt+ rew>d1 says ,mr4 ,had[1 t ! voice :i* _h s (t5 be5 rais$ 9 comm5dation ( less] m5 %\ld devote its la/ public utt]ance to ! honor ( ,johannes ,brahms4 ,inde$1 despite ! /ruggles ( 8 y\?1 ! h>d%ips & disappo9tm5ts ( 8 manhood1 & ! cruel affliction t maim$ & kill$ him be=e 8 "t1 ,s*umann's de/9y1 look at x ) b suffici5t l>g5ess1 0 a happy "o4 ,x is n giv5 to m5 to atta9 _! ideals2 & 9 ?is respect1 z 9 s _m o!rs1 he 0 mo/ human4 ,8 life1 9 its m]e actualities1 is1 l all lives1 a ?+ ( incomplete beg9n+s1 disappo9t$ hopes1 defeat$ or unrealiz$ aspirations4 ,b to look at ! individual is to see b a p>tial1 & !re=e a di/ort$ & mislead+1 picture4 ,only 9 8 relations to o!rs1 9 8 s]vice to ! common good1 9 ! se$s ( social b5efit :i* he plants & ! ways ( social progress :i* he discov]s1 is 8 true life to be f\nd4 ,if he has wr\ght fai?fully1 purely1 s+le-m9d$ly1 8 "w w sugge/ & imply m ?an x atta9s2 & x w p>take by virtue ( ?is sugge/ion 9 all future atta9m5t ( ! same k9d4 ,all ,s*umann's "w t5ds 9 ! direction ( :at is highe/ & mo/ beautiful 9 music4 ,mu* he a*iev$1 b mu* m he realiz$ only z an ideal realizes t to :i* x po9ts1 & 9 "s s5se gives x solid reality 9 ! _w4 ,:5ev] & :]ev] m5 pursue :at is pure1 high1 fre%1 noble1 & fair 9 music1 !re ! _s ( ,s*umann w be at "w4 ,,footnotes3 #c ,e>ly ,lett]s ( ,rob]t ,s*umann1 trans4 by ,m4 ,h]b]t1 ,london1 #ahhh1 pp4 #aac1 #aah4 #d ,9 ,g]man ! t]m9ology ( lett]s /&+ = tones is ri*] ?an 9 ,engli%4 ,b is our ,b-flat1 :ile ,h /&s = our ,b-natural2 ,es is ,e-flat2 ,z1 ,a-flat1 etc4 #e ,see page #abh = ,s*umann's comm5t on ?is motto4 #f ,! rem>kable /ory ( ?is c\rt%ip is told at l5g? 9 ,cl>a ,s*umann1 ,e9 ,kn/l]leb51 by ,b]?old ,litzmann1 ,zweit] ,b&1 ,leipsic1 #aijf4 ,x has also be5 vividly sket*$ 9 ,engli% by ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,aldri*1 9 an article 9 ,music1 vol4 #ah4 #g ,eve ( a w$d+ day4 #h ,h1 x w be rememb]$1 /&s 9 ,g]man = ! note ,b-natural1 :i* makes ! musical int]val ( a fif? ) ,e4 #i ,cl>a ,s*umann1 ,e9 ,kn/l]leb51 by ,b]?old ,litzmann1 #aijc-aijf4 #aj ,! ,symphony s9ce ,bee?ov51 ,eng4 trans41 p4 #ca4 #aa ,see ! ,adagio ( ! ,qu>tet1 opus #da1 no4 #a4 ,! accompanim5t is ess5tially a piano accompanim5t1 transcrib$ = 'cello & viola2 b )\t ! p$al x lacks fluidity4 #ab ,/udies 9 ,mod]n ,music1 ,fir/ ,s]ies1 ,essay on ,s*umann1 p4 #bac4 #ac ,essay on ,s*ub]t1 p4 #ih4 ,,iv ,,felix ,,m5delssohn ,illu/ration3 ,,felix ,,m5delssohn ,f ! pa9t+ by ,edw>d ,magnus ,,iv ,,felix ,,m5delssohn ,9 /udy+ ! relations ( a numb] ( contempor>y arti/s to ! g5]al t5d5cy ( _! age x is int]e/+ to note h[1 9 spite ( ! influ5ce ex]t$ ^u !m all by prevail+ conditions & available opportunities1 ea* responds to ! occasion 9 8 own way1 always ma9ta9+1 9 ! common ent]prise1 8 own p>ticul> ideals1 ta/es1 & me?ods4 ,despite all ! s*ools & movem5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 ea* arti/ rema9s himself4 ,s x 0 9 ! p]iod ( romanticism4 ,! romantic t5d5cy 0 9 ! air--! t5d5cy to subjectivism1 to picturesqu5ess1 to specializ$ expression1 to a ri*ly s5su\s embodim5t ( ideas2 b nev]!less1 ea* individual compos] approa*$ music f 8 own /&po9t1 seiz$ ^u ^? elem5ts 9 x = :i* he _h a native aff9ity1 & quietly ignor$ :at did n attract him4 ,t ,m5delssohn %\ld h be5 a romantici/ at all is a pro( ( ! /r5g? ( ! romantic t5d5cy 9 8 day2 he seem$ born r = ! sev]e/1 pure/1 mo/ uncompromis+ classicism2 & if he did1 z a matt] ( fact1 come to %>e ! ideals ( 8 age1 x 0 9 8 own way & = 8 own ends4 ,! crudities1 ! exagg]ations1 ! morbid self-involution ( ! extreme phases ( ! movem5t1 c]ta9ly nev] infect$ him4 ,= ?is happy immunity he 0 indebt$ l>gely to ! =tunate conditions ( 8 life1 bo? p]sonal & arti/ic4 ,crudity is usually a result ( n>r[ness ( culture or ( a defici5cy 9 te*nique2 & ,m5delssohn grew up 9 a s+ul>ly ref9$ dome/ic & social circle1 & 0 a skill$ musician be=e he 0 bree*$4 ,exagg]ation spr+s f a lack ( ta/e2 & ,m5delssohn's ta/e1 bo? by native end[m5t & by tra9+1 0 consummate4 ,self-consci\sness1 :e!r bless$ or baneful1 is ! *ild ( suff]+2 h[1 !n1 %\ld x come to "o ^: :ole life 0 s protect$1 s guid$1 s lapp$ 9 mat]ial prosp]ity1 family affection1 & social respect8 ,m5delssohn's life reads l ! /ory ( "s fairy pr9ce1 beautiful1 brave1 & virtu\s1 :o is rock$ 9 8 cradle by ! g5tle godmo!r1 ,good-=tune1 :o runs 8 race amid ! plaudits ( admir+ fri5ds1 & :o dies "y1 unt>ni%$1 & full ( honors1 z "o lov$ by ! gods4 ,he nev] knew ! squalor ( pov]ty1 ! p>alysis ( drudg]y1 ! bitt]ness ( inaptitude1 ! dull a*e ( disappo9tm5t4 ,9 8 bright1 precoci\s *ildhood he 0 ! idol ( a wise fa!r1 a fond "m1 bro!rs & si/]s :o %>$ 8 ta/es & 9 "s measure 8 abilities1 & a circle ( lit]>y & arti/ic fri5ds at ! head ( :i* 0 ! ag$ ,goe!4 ,9 lat] ye>s he _h all ! advantages ( univ]sity tra9+1 ! be/ tea*]s 9 music1 =eign travel1 v>i$ fri5d%ips1 a happy m>riage1 & a fame ext5d+ to all corn]s ( ,europe4 ,appropriately inde$ 0 he nam$ ,felix4 ,! influ5ce ( a long-e/abli%$1 c>efully br$1 & highly cultivat$ family play$ an important "p 9 ! =mation ( 8 p]sonality4 ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann1 ,*op91 ,b]lioz1 & ,liszt blaz$ out sudd5ly1 meteoric individuals1 f respectable b obscure orig9s2 b ,m5delssohn 0 ! la/ bright fl[] put =? by an anci5t /ock4 ,only z su* c he be und]/ood4 ,8 gr&fa!r1 ,moses ,m5delssohn1 an or?odox ,jew ( ! old s*ool & a self-made man1 0 a fam\s s*ol> 9 8 day4 ,he 0 prom95t 9 ! intellectual circles ( ,b]l9 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 p>ticipat$ 9 a fam\s controv]sy ) ,lavat]1 0 a fri5d ( ,less+1 & 0 ! au?or ( ,phdon1 or ! ,immortality ( ! ,s\l1 a "w translat$ into all ,european languages4 ,8 son ,abraham inh]it$ 8 /rong "* & some?+ ( 8 m5tal p[]1 )\t 8 g5ius4 ,an indep5d5t ?9k]1 an unusually wise & devot$ fa!r1 he 0 yet s+ul>ly mode/1 & us$ to say t he began by be+ ! son ( 8 fa!r & end$ by be+ ! fa!r ( 8 son4 ,he m>ri$ ,leah ,solomon1 daught] ( a weal?y ,jewi% family ( ,b]l94 ,x 0 h] bro!r1 a man ( "s reputation z an art critic1 :o1 turn+ ,*ri/ian1 adopt$ & induc$ ,abraham ,m5delssohn to adopt ! "n ( ,b>?oldy1 z a di/9ction f ! bran*es ( _! families :i* reta9$ ! anci5t fai?4 ,fanny ,m5delssohn1 ,felix's si/]1 0 also an unusual p]son4 ,%e _h a g5ius = music second only to 81 & w\ld d\btless h become fam\s _h x n be5 = h] fa!r's prejudice aga9/ a pr(essional life = wom54 ,"s ( ! ,songs )\t ,words are ( h] composition1 & h] criticism 0 always eag]ly welcom$ by h] bro!r4 ,%e m>ri$ ,h5sel ! pa9t]1 :o add$ /ill fur!r to ! arti/ic int]e/s & associations ( ! ,m5delssohn family4#ad ,9 ,felix's sixte5? ye> 8 fa!r b\ght ! mansion kn[n z ,leipzig] ,/rasse no4 #c1 9 ! suburbs ( ,b]l91 :i* became ! sc5e ( a mo/ idyllic family & social life4 ,!re 7 sep>ate suites ( ap>tm5ts = ! v>i\s gr\ps ( ! clan1 ,fanny ,h5sel & h] husb& occupy+ "o side1 & h] si/] ,rebecca & h] husb&1 ,edw>d ,devri5t1 ! o!r2 !re 0 a room suitable = !atrical p]=mances1 :i* 7 frequ5tly giv52 !re 0 a l>ge g>d51 & 9 ! middle ( x a g>d5-h\se ) a hall accommodat+ sev]al hundr$ p]sons1 9 :i* in=mal musicales 7 arrang$ e ,sunday aft]noon4 ,no pa9s 7 sp>$ to grace ! ev]yday life4 ,9 ! summ]-h\ses1 we read1#ae writ+ mat]ials 7 provid$1 & ,felix edit$ a newspap]1 call$ 9 ! summ] ',! ,g>d5 ,times1' & 9 ! w9t] ',! ,sn[ & ,tea ,times4' ,to ?is all com]s 7 invit$ to contribute1 & ! "y p 7 jo9$ 9 _! fun by _! eld]s1 includ+ su* di/+ui%$ p]sonages z ,humboldt & ,zelt]4 ,we c readily imag9e t music 0 ! con/ant accompanim5t ( all t w5t on2 = n only did ,felix & ,fanny play ! piano & compose1 b ,rebecca & h] husb& 7 s+]s1 & ,paul1 ! y\nge/ ( ! family1 0 a good violoncelli/4 ,= ! ,sunday aft]noon musicales ,felix con/antly wrote new ?+s1 ( :i* ! mo/ important 0 ! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream ,ov]ture1 play$ be=e a cr[d$ audi5ce 9 ! g>d5-h\se at ! end ( #ahbf4 ,_h ,m5delssohn n be5 surr\nd$1 ?anks to ! weal? & cultivation ( 8 p>5ts1 by ?is atmosph]e ( social fri5dl9ess & arti/ic *>m1 he might h _h reason to regret ! n]v\s s5sibility he _h inh]it$ f !m4 ,! abnormal delicacy ( con/itution indicat$ by ! fact t 8 gr&fa!r1 fa!r1 "m1 & si/] all di$ ( c]ebral p>alysis took 9 him ! =m ( su* an excitability1 physical1 emotional1 & m5tal1 z w\ld h br\ght mu* suff]+ ^u a y\? ^: conditions ( life _h be5 less ideal4 ,extreme s5sitiv5ess 0 ! mo/ radical trait ( 8 "* & temp]am5t4 ,8 affection = 8 relatives 0 ( passionate int5sity2 a slight misund]/&+ or coolness w\ld r$uce him to te>s1 he c\ld n "w :5 8 bro!r or si/]s 7 ill1 & ! dea? ( 8 si/] ,fanny 0 a %ock f :i* he nev] recov]$4 ,8 fri5d%ips 7 romantic 9 _! ardor & 9 _! exact+ dem&s2 he %[$ 9 !m1 inde$1 ! *ildi% egotism ( ! ov]s5sitive4 ,write soon1 & love me1 he ends "o ( 8 lett]s2 & a fri5d said ( him1 significantly1 ,he lov$ only 9 ! measure t he 0 lov$4#af ,8 bro!r-9-law1 ,devri5t1 9 8 rem9isc5ces1 says t :5 cross$ or disappo9t$ he sometimes lo/ all self-control1 & 9 illu/ration tells ! /ory ( "s !atricals plann$ = ! silv]-w$d+ celebration ( 8 p>5ts1 = :i* he _h writt5 ! music1 & 9 :i* ,devri5t 0 to s+ ! pr9cipal "p4 ,at ! la/ mom5t ,devri5t 0 summon$ to s+ at ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce's on ! v ev5+ appo9t$4 ,) s+ul> bl9dness to ev]y?+ b 8 own plans1 ,m5delssohn begg$ him n to g1 & :5 all 7 assembl$ began to talk incoh]5tly1 & 9 ,engli%4 ,! /]n voice ( 8 fa!r1 says ,devri5t1 at la/ *eck$ ! wild torr5t ( words2 !y took him to b$1 & a pr(\nd sleep ( twelve h\rs re/or$ him to 8 normal /ate4 ,x 0 ! same s5sitiv5ess1 d\btless1 t und]lay 8 vanity 9 reg>d to 8 "w1 & made indiff]5ce s intol]able to him4 ,! atmosph]e ( love & appreciation1 says ,devri5t1 9 :i* he _h be5 nurtur$ 0 a condition ( life to him2 to receive 8 music ) coldness or av]sion 0 to be 8 enemy1 & he 0 capable ( d5y+ g5u9e m]it 9 any "o :o did s4 ,a blund] 9 mann]s1 or an expression t displeas$ him1 c\ld ali5ate him altoge!r4 ,b =tunately1 at lea/ = ! mom5t1 ! cold w9ds ( ! outside _w r>ely invad$ ! quiet g>d5 ( art & fri5d%ip 9 :i* he pass$ 8 y\?4 ,inside ! b>ri]s :i* 8 fa!r's weal? & devotion1 8 "m's t5d] solicitude1 & 8 si/]s' comrade%ip & admiration re>$ ab\t him1 he compos$1 /udi$1 & dream$ 9 idyllic peace4 ,= v>iety !re 7 conv]sations ) m5 skill$ 9 art & lit]ature1 /udies 9 ! classics & mod]n languages1 h>mless flirtations1 lett]-writ+1 wat]-color sket*+1 & t\rs 9 ,italy & ,switz]l&4 ,= recreation !re 7 b[l+1 f5c+1 & swimm+4 ,& if ! disagreeable c\ld n be entirely elim9at$1 if !re mu/ be an occasional heada*e or fit ( lassitude1 or if1 9 spite ( "o's p]sonal *>m & graceful1 lovable nature "o's fri5ds w\ld n always take ! tr\ble to und]/& "o1 !n "o c\ld resort to a sort ( ,epicurean /oicism1 refuse to att5d to ! pa9ful & ! annoy+1 & dwell insi/5tly on all t 0 bright1 graci\s1 & delightful4 ,m5delssohn's e>lie/ compositions reflect all ! fre%ness & gaiety ( 8 y\?ful nature1 all ! ease & *>m ( ! circum/ances 9 :i* x develop$4 ,f ! fir/ _! te*nical skill is p]fect2 = ,m5delssohn _h _h no di/ract+ /ruggles = daily bread1 l ,s*ub]t1 no moil+ 9 arid1 uncong5ial /udies1 l ,s*umann2 he _h be5 plac$ "u ! be/ ma/]s1 & _h assimilat$ h>mony1 c\nt]po9t1 & fugue z unconsci\sly z mo/ boys assimilate read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic4 ,:at 0 ev5 bett]1 _! /yle 0 entirely individual2 = ! _s ( ,ariel _h nev] be=e be5 inc>nat$ 9 a musician--or1 if x _h be51 x _h smo!r$ "u imp$+ conditions4 ,9 ! s*]zo ( ! octet writt5 at sixte5 !re are all ! ,m5delssohnian traits3 flu5t melodi\sness1 correct h>mony1 c>efully poli%$ detail1 & an inimitable delicacy1 f9esse1 & lightness ( /yle4 ,! :ole piece1 wrote 8 si/] ,fanny1 is to be play$ /accato & pianissimo1 ! tremul&os com+ 9 n[ & !n1 ! trills pass+ away ) ! quickness ( lightn+2 ev]y?+ new & /range1 & at ! same "t mo/ ins9uat+ & pleas+1 "o feels s ne> ! _w ( spirits1 c>ri$ away 9 ! air1 half incl9$ to snat* up a broom/ick & foll[ ! arial procession4 ,at ! end ! fir/ viol9 takes a flight ) a fea!rlike lightness1 &--all has vani%$4#ag ,! la/ words are quot$ f a /anza ( ! ,walpurgis ,night ,dream 9 ,fau/1 ( :i* x 0 ,m5delssohn's int5tion to give a musical illu/ration3-- ,! flight ( ! cl\ds & ! veil ( mi/ ,are light$ f above4 ,a breeze 9 ! leaves1 a w9d 9 ! re$s1 ,& all has vani%$4 ,! same k9d ( int5tion 0 c>ri$ out ev5 m brilliantly 9 ! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream ,ov]ture1 ( :i* x is n too high praise to say t x is wor?y ( its ,%aksp]ian inspiration4 ,9 ! immat]ial dance ( ! viol9s & ! /range calls ( ! trumpets & wood-w9d in/rum5ts1 z if f "s cl\dy ,no-man's-l&1 ( ?is wond]ful "w1 conceiv$ by a g5ius & execut$ by a ma/] only sev5te5 ye>s old1 a new type ( music is born4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t 9 nei!r ( ^! works is !re ! slighte/ trace ( ! turgidity s (t5 obs]vable 9 y\?ful productions4 ,on ! contr>y1 "o ( _! mo/ prom95t traits is a cool dispassionat5ess1 z ( ! delib]ate1 deta*$ arti/1 rem>kable 9 s "y a man4 ,! m "o /udies ,m5delssohn's music ! m "o becomes conv9c$ t ?is cool dispassionat5ess is "o ( 8 fundam5tal qualities4 ,ev]y:]e x reveals itself--9 ! suavity ( 8 melody1 9 ! purity ( 8 h>mony1 9 ! smoo? flu5cy ( 8 "p-writ+4 ,viol5ce ( contra/1 dramatic tr5*ancy ( expression1 ! ov]emphasis ( hy/]ical eloqu5ce1 he punctili\sly avoids2 he is always cle>1 unp]turb$1 discreet1 h>moni\s4 ,! lavi% s5su\sness ( ,s*ub]t1 ! impulsive s9c]ity ( ,s*umann1 are impossible if n di/a/eful to ?is ,addisonian temp]am5t2 p]sonal s5tim5t1 self-revelation1 ! autobiographic appeal1 he avoids z ! puri/ 9 mann]s avoids a blu%1 an exclamation1 or a grimace4 ,if he is romantic 9 8 love ( ! picturesque1 9 8 s5se ( color1 & 9 8 fondness = lit]>y motives1 8 emotional retic5ce is entirely classic4 ,he is m obs]vant ?an introspective1 & 8 art is m pictorial ?an passionate4 ,comp>e1 = a mom5t1 by way ( illu/ration1 ! ov]tures ,manfr$ & ,hebrides4 ,s*umann's "w is int5sely human f ! op5+ onslaught ( syncopat$ *ords to ! f9al1 deep-drawn sighs ( ! contrabasses4 ,!re is unassuagable desire 9 ! melody s appropriately m>k$ ,9 leid5s*aftli*em ,tempo1 !re is ! v acc5t ( a lov]'s long+ 9 ! beautiful ,a/>te !me4 ,! music con/antly ru%es on into fev]i% excitem5t1 only to exp5d its =ce & die away to t5d] sadness1 :5ce 9 a mom5t x la%es itself aga9 into new fury4 ,f ?is s human _w-- ,( inf9ite passion1 & ! pa9 ,( f9ite he>ts t ye>n-- ,m5delssohn transports u1 9 8 ,hebrides1 to an isl& set 9 a b\ndless expanse ( ! sea1 :]e we wat* only ! rise & fall ( great bill[s & he> ! long sigh ( ! w9d & ! cries ( sea-birds4 ,! fi]ce dissonances ( ,s*umann1 8 ceaseless modulation1 8 nev] re/+ movem5t1 give place to cle> e!real h>monies1 to high1 pure trumpet calls1 pois+ viol9 melodies1 & ! ?9 note ( ! oboe sugge/+ inf9ite di/ance1 & to an undulat+ movem5t l ! ebb & fl[ ( w9ds & waves4 ,^! two works are typical4 ,if ,s*umann is incomp>able 9 8 insight into ! /orm & /ress ( ! human he>t1 ,m5delssohn is "o ( ! greate/ ( l&scape pa9t]s4 ,:at is true ( ! ,hebrides ,ov]ture is 9 great] or less degree true ( all ,m5delssohn's compositions :i* c be call$ really successful4 ,!y *>m u n by _! p]sonal appeal1 _! introspective v]acity1 z ,s*umann's s con/antly d1 b precisely by _! fre$om f p]sonal bias1 _! objective tru?1 _! univ]sal int]e/4 ,:5 he makes u see ! w9ds & waves ( ! ,hebrides ,ov]ture1 ! m>*+ pilgrims ( ! ,italian ,symphony1 ! danc+ fairies ( ! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream music1 x is n z ?r\gh a temp]am5t1 b z 9 ! :ite light ( pure imag9ation4 ,x is su* a view ( ! _w z "s visitant f ano!r planet might get--"s g5tle1 happily organiz$ be+1 ^: intellig5ce 0 unp]turb$ by human passions & undi/ort$ by practical int]e/s4 ,x is ! view r ( a ,t5nyson ?an ( a ,br[n+4 ,9 ! eyes ( ,m5delssohn1 a ke5 obs]v] has record$1 !re 0 none ( t rapt dream9ess s (t5 se5 among m5 ( g5ius 9 art4 ,! gaze 0 r ext]nal ?an int]nal2 ! eye _h m outw>dness ?an inw>dness ( expression4 ,:at is said "h ( ! physical eye might ) equal tru? be appli$ to t m9d's eye ) :i* ! arti/ envisages 8 "w4 ,m5delssohn's att5tion1 we feel1 0 nev] engag$ ) 8 own emotions1 b play$ l a disembodi$ _s ab\t ! impressions he 0 imag9+4 ,he himself is z elusive z ! elves & fairies he s lov$ to depict4 ,he is always beh9d 8 "w r ?an 9 x4 ,! *ief te*nical peculi>ities ( ,m5delssohn's music1 z we %\ld expect 9 an art pursu$ 9 ?is _s ( cool & compet5t imp]sonality1 are flu5cy1 grace1 & elegance4 ,8 melody1 lack+ to an unusual degree ! sugge/ion ( impassion$ utt]ance1 is m decorative ?an expressive--a sort ( tonal arabesque1 (t5 exquisitely wr\ght1 b curi\sly unexcit+4 ,!re is no boldness 9 ! physiognomy ( 8 tunes2 !y con=m closely to ! av]age type ( traditional ,g]man melody2 & _! *>m is due to ! neatness & facility ) :i* !y foll[ ! pa?s ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,8 h>mony is solid & correct1 b h>dly ev] unconv5tional2 he pref]s an au?oriz$ to a novel progression1 values cle>ness above ri*ness1 & treats dissonances ) ! utmo/ circumspection4 ,8 attitude t[>d modulation is cons]vative4 ,c]ta9 ( 8 works1 su* z ! ,scot* ,symphony1 ) its endless ,a-m9or & ,d-m9or1 h ju/ly be5 *>g$ ) monotony1 s fond he is ( hov]+ g5tly ab\t among a few closely relat$ keys4 ,9 polyphony 8 ideal is smoo?ness ( progression4 ,^? d>+ mom5t>y collisions betwe5 diff]5t voices1 ea* progress+ indep5d5tly1 :i* give ,ba*'s fabric su* a /\tness1 he %r9k+ly avoids4 ,8 "p-writ+ is almo/ too conciliatory1 too consid]ate ( ! prejudices ( ! e>2 ! natural r\ghnesses are all iron$ out or gloss$ ov]4 ,9 a ^w1 :5ev] he has a *oice betwe5 ! orig9al & ! e/abli%$1 he *ooses ! latt]2 he is too urbane to risk />tl+ 8 he>]1 & pref]s to +ratiate himself ) famili> *>ms2 b s deftly does he manage ^! t he con/antly gives u ! pleasure ( recogniz+ :at (t 0 ?\ght1 b ne'er s well express$4 ,9 ! matt] ( or*e/ration 8 delicate e> & f9e ta/e made him a great ma/]4 ,8 in/9ct = prop] balance & fusion ( timbres is un]r+1 he kn[s h[ to be sonor\s )\t becom+ opaque or blatant1 & 8 scores ab\nd 9 ! pure/1 cle>e/1 & fre%e/ colors4 ,:]e %all we f9d a p>allel = t e!real %imm] ( ! viol9s 9 ! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream ,ov]ture1 or = ! magical *ord ( ! wood-w9d t arre/s x8 or = ! s]5e beauty ( ! viol9 melody1 s airily pois$1 at ! end ( ! same ov]ture8 or = ! liquid coolness ( ! flutes1 viol9s1 & trumpets 9 ! ,hebrides8 or = ! ela/ic vitality ( ! viol9s at ! op5+ ( ! ,italian ,symphony8 ,"h1 we cry ) delight1 is a ma/] :o c make flutes & cl>9ets & viol9s 9 _! upp] regi/]1 & trumpets play+ piano1 s\nd n l m]e or*e/ral in/rum5ts1 b l angelic voices 9 remote skies4 ,?is magical *>m is l>gely due to ! limpid transp>5cy ( 8 color+4 ,he nev] ov]scores1 nev] surfeits ! e> & confuses ! m9d by lay+ on ! t9ts too ?ickly or pil+ up colors t w n coalesce4 ,few compos]s h s fully realiz$ h[ little an effect is due to ! m]e quantity ( ! s\nds1 h[ mu* to _! skilful composition4#ah ,z an example may be cit$ ! la/ page ( ! ,con moto mod]ato movem5t 9 8 ,italian ,symphony1 :]e ! same motive is s\nd$ fir/ by horns & bassoons1 !n by trumpets & drums1 !n by flutes & oboes1 all toge!r build+ up ! lovelie/1 mo/ diaphan\s fabric ( tone4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xii4 ,an ev5 m /rik+ in/ance1 rem>kable bo? = ! economy ( ! means employ$ & = ! indescribable *>m ( ! resultant effect1 is ! passage = viol9s & two flutes1 9 ! ,pilgrim's ,m>* ( ! same symphony4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xiii4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xiv4 ,z a ma/] ( pigm5ts l ,monet kn[s h[ to set on ! canvas spots ( pure color :i* m]ge only 9 ! eye ( ! behold]1 s ,m5delssohn builds olian h>monies ) a few pure tones t fill b nev] cloy our e>s4 ,s long z ,m5delssohn ma9ta9$ 8 in/9ctive alo(ness f human emotion1 s long z1 dwell+ 9 8 heav5 ( imag9ation1 he pa9t$ delicate aqu>elles ( fairyl& & romantic natural sc5]y1 he 0 an incomp>able ma/]4 ,9 t r>efi$ atmosph]e s5tim5ts1 l objects1 7 q prop]ly some:at gho/ly1 t5u\s1 impalpable2 ! *e]ful ,m5delssohnian cont5tm5t suffic$ = joy1 ! t5d] ,m5delssohnian melan*oly = sorr[4 ,b z "t w5t on x 0 p]haps inevitable t he1 too1 l ,s*ub]t & ,s*umann1 & inde$ all s9c]e romantici/s1 %\ld /rive to leave 8 fanciful boyi% _w beh9d him1 & to express some?+ ( ^? deep] realities ) :i* ! ye>s 7 mak+ him acqua9t$4 ,accumulat+ exp]i5ce may well h br\ght to ! man ( =ty a di/a/e = ! graci\s insub/antiality :i* 0 entirely *>m+ 9 ! "w ( a y\? ( sev5te54 ,b1 un=tunately1 a s]i\s difficulty pres5t$ itself at ?is po9t4 ,f ! outset a ?\ghtful obs]v] might h d\bt$ :e!r s artificially protect$ a life z t ( ,m5delssohn's y\? w\ld develop 8 "* & g5ius1 9 ! long run1 s favorably z x at fir/ promis$ to d4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z a good =tune s unreliev$ t1 by remov+ ! prick ( adv]sity1 ! *all5ge ( ob/acles1 ! illum9ation ( sympa?y1 x becomes 9 tru? mis=tune4 ,?is is ! fate t seems to h ov]tak5 ,m5delssohn4 ,! smile ( ,de/9y1 con/ant f 8 y\?1 became at la/ fix$ & vacu\s4 ,z 9 8 boyhood he _h be5 ! pet ( 8 family1 s 9 manhood he became1 z conductor ( ! fam\s ,gew&haus ,or*e/ra 9 ,leipsic1 & g5]al dictator ( musical affairs1 ! pet ( a l>g] b /ill almo/ inv>iably indulg5t circle4 ,z 8 fame z a compos]1 conductor1 piani/1 & organi/ increas$1 ! admir+ audi5ce wid5$ until x compris$ all ,g]many2 & :5 9 8 la/ ye>s he turn$ to oratorio writ+ he _h ,engl& too at 8 feet4 ,a wit has vividly pictur$ ! atmosph]e ( adulation 9 :i* he liv$ 9 ! rem>k3 ,m5delssohn c\ld n /ick 8 head out ( ! w9d[ b "s "o w\ld %\t ',hurrah6' ,! t5d5cy ( su* an environm5t is to cramp ! sympa?ies1 smo!r ! s5se ( humor1 & intr5* ! petty pride ( ! mo/ magnanim\s ( m52 ,m5delssohn 0 peculi>ly at its m]cy1 because extreme s5sitiv5ess incl9$ him to be w\nd$ r ?an enlight5$ by su* adv]se criticism z he got1 because consci\sness ( real m]it put him (f 8 gu>d aga9/ ! exagg]ations ( h]o-wor%ipp]s1 & because ! innate bias ( 8 m9d 0 m t[>d a fa/idi\s di/9ction ?an t[>d a rugg$ ca?olicity4 ,ev5 9 8 y\? 8 affections1 z we h se51 7 exclusive & jeal\s2 & on ! intellectual side a simil> n>r[ness %[$ itself 9 a c]ta9 preciosity t we %\ld call bigotry _h x be5 less amiably express$4 ,t is a significant incid5t t ,b]lioz relates ( 8 soj\rn ) ,m5delssohn 9 ,rome 9 _! /ud5t days4 ,"o ev5+1 he says1 we 7 explor+ toge!r ! ,ba?s ( ,c>acalla1 debat+ ! "q ( ! m]it or dem]it ( human actions1 & _! remun]ation dur+ ?is life4 ,z ,i repli$ ) "s enormity1 ,i "k n :at1 to 8 entirely religi\s & or?odox op9ions1 8 foot slipp$1 & d[n he roll$1 ) _m scrat*es & contusions1 9 ! ru9s ( a v h>d /aircase4 ',admire ! div9e ju/ice1' said ,i1 help+ him to rise2 'x is ,i :o blaspheme1 & x is y :o fall6' ,?is impiety1 accompani$ ) peals ( laught]1 appe>$ to him too mu*1 x seem$2 &1 f t "t1 religi\s discussions 7 always avoid$4 ,! lack ( pla/icity "h %[n 9 a religi\s matt] is also obs]vable 9 8 lit]>y & musical op9ions4 ,lampadius quotes 8 comm5t on ,%elley's ,c5ci3 ,no1 x is too horrible6 ,x is too abom9able6 ,i _c read su* a poem4 ,mr4 ,had[ tells h[ he prais$ ! treatm5t ( ! d\ble-basses 9 ,b]lioz's ,requiem1 j z he aft]w>ds told ,wagn] t 'a canonic answ] 9 ! second act ( ,tannhaus] _h giv5 him pleasure1' & rem>ks1 ,!re 0 always a little t\* ( ,atticus 9 ,m5delssohn's relations to 8 fell[-compos]s4 ,9 ! artificial air he 0 condemn$ to brea!1 ?is pallor ( intellectual anemia gradually became habitual4 ,z a r>e plant1 kept always "u glass1 )]s at a breeze :i* w\ld invigorate ! h>dy we$ s he c\ld b %iv] & %r9k f ^? w9ds ( imp>tial op9ion :i* rud] natures inhale ) ze/4 ,8 y\?ful exquisit5ess ( ta/e ?us grew peevi% & fretful ) advanc+ ye>s4 ,too frequ5tly we read ( incid5ts l 8 /udi$ coldness1 ?r\gh\t a long rehe>sal1 t[>d a favorite s+]1 & 8 curt explanation at ! end3 ,y\r curls provoke me1 ,frule9 ,s*loss4 ,we> y\r hair smoo?2 curls ought nev] to be black1 b light br[n or fair4 ,great1 h[ev]1 0 ! provocation4 ,to set y\rself a pace no mortal c\ld ma9ta9 by writ+ ! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream ,ov]ture at sev5te52 to m>ry an angelic creature :o agre$ ) y\r mo/ casual ^w & kiss$ y\r h& :5 y improvis$ 9 public2 to move among admir+ fri5ds1 relatives1 pupils1 & acqua9tances z a k+ might move 9 a nev] end+ triumphal procession2 to f9d all qualms y might feel f "t to "t z to ! sup]iority ( y\r "w imm$iately dr[n$ by ! immemorial habit ( passive self-acceptance2 to see o!r m51 ) o!r ideals1 w9n+ a success :i* y\r univ]sally recogniz$ fair-m9d$ness w\ld n let y d5y1--all ?is might br+ pangs ( bitt]ness to a sa9t4 ,p]haps ?is spiritual & pr(essional exclusiv5ess1 & ! isolation x result$ 91 did n really gr[ ) ! ye>s1 b only seems m anomal\s 9 age1 :i* %\ld be mell[1 ?an 9 naturally arrogant y\?4 ,c]ta9ly !re 7 n lack+ _m evid5ces ( a m :olesome developm5t1 ( a gr[? t[>d l>g] ideals1 ( cordial s]vices to fell[-arti/s4 ,true self-respect1 a v diff]5t ?+ f n>r[ conceit1 is %[n 9 ! foll[+ passage f a lett]4 ,z "t goes on ,i ?9k m deeply & s9c]ely ( t--to write only z ,i feel1 to h less reg>d ?an ev] to outw>d results1 & :5 ,i h produc$ a piece t has fl[$ f my he>t--:e!r x is aft]w>ds to br+ me fame1 honors1 ord]s1 or snuff-boxes1 does n conc]n me4 ,a f9e mode/y prompts ! confession3 ,all ,i h done appe>s to me some:at miscellane\s4444 ,i "k :at ought to be1 & is n4 ,& 9 spite ( ! res]ve t always imp$$ 8 social ef=ts1 !re is pl5ty ( evid5ce t he put himself to mu* tr\ble to help su* bro!r musicians z ,liszt1 ,b]lioz1 & ,spohr to ga9 a he>+4#ai ,above all1 he 0 rais$ q above all petty p]sonal consid]ations by 8 :ole-s\l$ en?usiasm = ! great anci5t ma/]s4 ,8 ef=ts to educate popul> ta/e by famili>ity ) classical works 7 z unremitt+ & z dis9t]e/$ z ,s*umann's4 ,he 0 ! mo/ active ( all ! *ampions ( ,ba*1 at t "t s %amefully neglect$4 ,8 p]=mance ( ! great ,/4 ,mat!w ,passion 9 ,b]l91 9 ,m>*1 #ahbi1 ! fir/ s9ce ! compos]'s dea? 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 is "o ( ! mo/ important ev5ts 9 musical hi/ory2 ! significance ( x1 & ( 8 o!r labors 9 behalf ( ,ba* propag&a1 to ! entire subsequ5t progress ( music1 & especially to ! romantic movem5t1 ( :i* ,ba* is "o ( ! corn]-/ones1 _c be exagg]at$4 ,yet1 9 spite ( all ?is1 if we comp>e ,m5delssohn ) m5 l ,bee?ov51 or ,s*umann1 or ,ts*ak[sky1 9 :om feel+ is cordial & expression impulsive1 we _c escape ! impression ( a c]ta9 ?9ness ( blood1 /raitness ( sympa?y1 & inela/icity ( m9d4 ,8 p]sonality is t5u\s1 ov]-r>efi$2 he seems m l a faun ?an a man4 ,& h5ce x comes ab\t t :51 leav+ 8 _w ( fairies1 elves1 vision>y l&scapes1 & e!real joys & sorr[s1 he tries to s\nd a full] note ( human pa9 & passion1 he is felt to be out ( 8 elem5t4 ,8 /yle is too flu5t1 too suave1 too ins9uat+ & in(f5sive1 to embody tragic emotion4 ,x lacks ! rugg$ =ce1 ! virile en]gy1 ! occasional h>%ness & discordance ev51 ( ! natural human voice2 its read+ ( life1 9 :i* !re is ugl9ess1 crudity1 & viol5ce z well z beauty1 is too fa/idi\sly expurgat$4 ,:i* are ! be/ ( 8 piano works8 ,c]ta9ly n ! ,songs )\t ,words1 ) _! facile melody1 _! monoton\s rhy?ms & _! cloy+ly consonant h>mony2 nor ! respectable1 h>mless1 unexcit+ sonatas1 cut f ! same /uff1 b by ! y>d in/ead ( ! squ>e in*4 ,r ! ,v>iations ,srieuses & ! ,preludes & ,fugues1 9 :i* !re is "s ( ! vigor ( ,ba*1 & ! elusive immat]ial :imsies1 9 ! true ,m5delssohn ve91 su* z ! ,capriccio1 opus #aah1 ! s*]zos1 ! ,sp9n+ ,song1 ! ,e-m9or ,fantasie1 & ! ,rondo ,capriccioso4 ,simil>ly1 9 ! *amb] music1 x is ! ,canzonetta ( ! ,e-flat qu>tet1 ! s*]zos ( ! trios1 & ! f9ale ( ! viol9 conc]to1 t mo/ please u4 ,z = ! symphonies1 ev5 ! noble adagio ( ! ,scot* is j ! lea/ bit soporific2 b ! s*]zo or ! ,scotti% jig1 & ! fre% allegro vivace & /irr+ salt>ello ( ! ,italian are delightful4 ,m5delssohn gay & graci\s is ! be/ ( company2 ,m5delssohn s5tim5tal makes u beg9 to loa! ! ta/e ( sweetness1 :]e( a little m ?an a little is by mu* too mu*4 ,! effem9ate elem5t 9 8 "w is probably *iefly responsible = ! indiff]5ce1 bor$om1 or di/a/e ) :i* x is n[adays s (t5 receiv$4 ,s9ce 8 romanticism 0 a matt] ( imag9ation r ?an ( passion1 ( fancy & delicate s5tim5t r ?an ( turbul5t feel+1 x is inevitably vot$ dull by a g5]ation giv5 ov] l ours to ! pursuit ( ?rills1 tol]ant ( any turgidity t c excite1 & pref]r+ int5sity to cl>ity ( emotion4 ,he repres5ts a mild1 t5tative1 & re/ra9$ application ( arti/ic pr9ciples t h be5 mu* m brilliantly & ?or\ghly illu/rat$ by bold] spirits l ,s*umann1 ,*op91 & ,liszt1 :o h accord+ly some:at eclips$ him4 ,8 cons]vatism also made him reta9 _m ( ! traditional =mul & mann]isms ( classicism1 :i* h become repugnant to our less conv5tional age4 ,! result is t x has become almo/ a fa%ion to sne] or to smile at 8 music4 ,b x is conceivable t we err 9 "o direction z mu* z 8 contempor>ies did 9 ! o!r4 ,x may be t we call 8 art /ale & vapid m]ely because our palates are jad$ by ov]-indulg5ce 9 spices & condim5ts4 ,m5delssohn is und5iably1 = ! pres5t1 among ! fall5 gods2 b :e!r a matur] & less sophi/icat$ ta/e ?an our own may "s day set him up aga9 is a "q we mu/ be cont5t to leave unansw]$4 ,,footnotes3 #ad ,see ,s4 ,h5sel's ,! ,m5delssohn ,family1 f ,lett]s & ,j\rnals1 a fasc9at+ book4 ,engli% translation publi%$ 9 ,london1 #ahha4 #ae ,m5delssohn1 by ,s4 ,s4 ,/ratton1 p4 #dj4 #af ,comp>e :at is said ( ,*op9 at page #bca4 #ag ,! ,m5delssohn ,family1 p4 #aca4 #ah ,comp>e ! rem>ks on ,s*umann's scor+1 at page #aci4 #ai ,see ! /ory ( ! banquet he t5d]$ to ,liszt 9 ,leipsic1 9 ,lampadius' ,life1 p4 #afg4 ,v ,,fr,d,,ric ,,*op9 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr,d,,ric ,,*op9 ,v ,,fr,d,,ric ,,*op9 ,critics ( lit]ature & pa9t+ h succe$$ 9 dissem9at+ pretty widely ! idea t ! /yle ( ea* arti/ic species is det]m9$ l>gely by ! te*nical conditions "u :i* x develops4 ,we all "k t "o /yle is appropriate to engrav+1 ano!r to oil-pa9t+1 & /ill ano!r to pa/el "w2 we recognize t ! prose-writ] & ! v]sifi] mu/ use diff]5t vocabul>ies4 ,musical critics1 h[ev]1 :e!r f ignorance or f a disposition to involve _! subject 9 an imp5etrable haze ( s5tim5t1 h = ! mo/ "p left u undi/urb$ to ! enjoym5t ( our primitive notion t music1 z a product ( pure inspiration1 rema9s unmodifi$ by su* practical consid]ations z :at voices c be/ s+1 or in/rum5ts be/ play4 ,we h to rea* l>gely )\t _! aid ! conclusion t1 9 music q z mu* z 9 lit]ature or pa9t+1 ! k9d ( body available to a composition det]m9es 9 no small degree ! sort ( _s :i* is to inhabit x4 ,! /yle ( ,pale/r9a1 = example1 ! greate/ ma/] ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 be>s ! unmi/akable /amp ( ! m$ium :i* at t "t 0 firmly entr5*$ by tradition--! ecclesia/ical *oir ( mix$ voices4 ,8 polyphonic texture came 9 ob$i5ce to ! necessity ( mak+ _m melodies1 simultane\s & int]tw9$1 = ! v>i\s gr\ps ( s+]s2 ! movem5t & range ( 8 melodies 7 re/rict$ by ! r n>r[ capacities ( ! human voice2 8 h>mony1 9 ! int]e/s ( accurate intonation1 _h to be kept simple & transp>5t4 ,:51 some:at lat]1 ! organ came into vogue1 x sugge/$ c]ta9 modifications ( /yle1 spl5didly realiz$ by ,j4 ,s4 ,ba*4 ,! natural capacities ( ! h&s on ! keybo>d t5d$ to focus att5tion q z mu* on ! *ord z on ! sep>ate /r&s ( melody1 & ! massive effects ( *ord-patt]ns began to vie 9 importance ) ! m polyphonic traits4 ,at ! same "t h>mony 0 free to become mu* m complex1 s9ce pipes _c s+ out ( tune1 & ! me*anically ev5 tone1 free f ! vibrato & incapable ( ! acc5tuation ( voices1 made feasible a gr& imp]sonality ( /yle1 felt at its maximum 9 ,ba*'s fugues4 ,a little lat] /ill ! or*e/ra became ! dom9at+ m$ium1 & ,bee?ov51 ignor+ altoge!r ! ecclesia/ical tradition1 f\nd$ 8 "w on ! secul> dance & song1 immemorially associat$ ) b[$ & w9d in/rum5ts4 ,melody became lyrical r ?an contrapuntal1 ! exact balance ( phrase by phrase in/ead ( ! imitation ( motive by motive grew to be ! *ief means ( coh]5ce1 & a sy/ematic ext5sion ( ?is balance result$ 9 ! sonata-=m4 ,at ! same "t ! m>vel\s expressive p[] ( ! b[$ in/rum5ts 0 nobly utiliz$3 on ! emotional side music became m ?an ev] be=e pr(\nd1 impassion$1 my/ical1 & poignant4 ,z ,pale/r9a1 ,ba*1 & ,bee?ov5 reflect 9 _! musical individualities ! te*nique ( ! *orus1 ! organ1 & ! or*e/ra1 s ,*op9 is 9 l>ge measure a resultant ( ! peculi> qualities ( ! mo/ influ5tial ( mod]n in/rum5ts1 ! pian(orte4 ,?is in/rum5t _h already assum$ an important rle dur+ ! life ( ,bee?ov51 & by ! "t ( ,s*ub]t & ,s*umann x _h made its influ5ce deeply felt2 b 9 no compos] be=e ,*op9 d we f9d s delicate a div9ation ( its capacities1 s ?or\gh a ma/]y ( its me*anism1 s will+ an acquiesc5ce 9 its limitations1 s s+le-m9d$ a =mation ( /yle ^u ! peculi> dialect x speaks 9 ! language ( music4 ,( none ( 8 pr$ecessors c x be said1 z x c ( him1 t _h ! voice1 ! organ1 & ! or*e/ra n exi/$1 8 art w\ld /ill h be5 ess5tially :at x 04 ,inde$1 8 "w is ! (fspr+ ( s p]fect a m>riage betwe5 ! arti/ic impulses ( a s5sitive human organism & ! peculi> pot5tialities ( a special in/rum5t t x c be prop]ly und]/ood only ?r\gh a /udy ( bo?4 ,! mo/ s]i\s defect ( ! piano is its inability to su/a9 its tones4 ,! tones ( ! voice & ( w9d in/rum5ts are limit$ 9 duration only by ! air capacity ( ! lungs1 ^? ( b[$ /r+ in/rum5ts c be held indef9itely1 & an organ pipe w s\nd z long z ! air pressure is ma9ta9$ 9 ! bell[s4 ,! vibrations ( a piano /r+1 on ! contr>y1 are at _! maximum only dur+ ! mom5t 9 :i* x is /ruck by ! hamm] op]at$ by press+ ! key1 & f t mom5t gradually decrease1 giv+ =? a s\nd con/antly fa9t] & fa9t]4 ,once ! key is /ruck1 ! play]'s control ov] ! me*anism ceases1 & he has no *oice b ei!r to wait passively = sil5ce or to /rike ano!r key4 ,= ?is reason ! broad1 pois+ melodies & ! sl[-mov+1 delib]ate h>monies ( ! *oral & organ s*ools are ineffective on ! piano4 ,! long notes1 fad+ mom5tly away1 fail1 because ( ! insuffici5cy ( _! physical embodim5t1 to receive _! due %>e ( att5tion1 & s lose _! musical value4 ,/ill m d purely polyphonic passages1 :i* dep5d = _! effect on ! leisurely succession ( dissonances & _! resolutions1 subtly int]l9k$1 suff] f ! discont9uity ( ! piano tone4 ,! indiff]5ce1 or ev5 ins5sibility1 to ! beauty ( pure l9e1 :i* *>act]izes s mu* ( our mod]n musical ta/e1 is probably 9 l>ge measure due to ! preval5ce ( an in/rum5t s little suit$ to exhibit x4#bj ,at a v e>ly p]iod aft] ! piano came into common use1 musicians began to recognize ! necessity ( m9imiz+ its *>act]i/ic defect by modify+ _! mann] ( writ+4 ,!y soon discov]$ t if ! tones w\ld n su/a9 !mselves1 !y mu/ be /ruck ov] & ov] aga9 z rapidly z possible3 repetition mu/ c\nt]act evanesc5ce4 ,an e>ly application ( ?is pr9ciple is ! use1 by ,ba* & o!r clavi*ordi/s1 ( trills1 mordants1 & o!r ornam5ts z a means ( keep+ long melody-notes audible4 ,a m important "o is ! break+ up ( *ords into figures ( %ort notes 9 ! accompanim5ts ( ,haydn & ,moz>t1 a device :i* soon became s indisp5sable t a glance at any mod]n piano score w discov] hundr$s ( su* gr\ps ( %ort notes1 :i* are no?+ b *ords play$ piecemeal 9 ord] to make !m s\nd4 ,illu/ration3 score 7a7 ,,moz>t3 ,piano ,sonata1 ,a-major4 ,illu/ration3 score 7b7 ,,bee?ov53 ,piano ,sonata1 ,op4 #b1 ,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 score 7c7 ,,s*ub]t3 ,fantasia1 ,op4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 score 7d7 ,,*op93 ,nocturne1 ,op4 #ec1 ,no4 #b4 ,figure ,,xv4 ,a melody 9 ! "r h&1 accompani$ by ^! brok5 *ords 9 ! left--?is soon became ! normal texture ( music int5d$ = ! piano4 ,! fir/ great m]it ( ,*op9 0 t he c>ri$ to its logical extreme ?is sy/em ( c\nt]act+ ! piano's defective sonority4 ,! great advance made by him is %[n ev5 9 ! brief quotations ( ,figure ,,xv4 ,! ,moz>t example is rudim5t>y--! device at its l[e/ t]ms4 ,9 ! ,bee?ov5 passage ! *ords are plac$ too l[2 !y s\nd muddy1 opaque1 inela/ic4 ,9 ! ,s*ub]t passage ! sonority is bett]1 b ! figures are s arrang$ z to be v difficult to play1 on acc\nt ( ! wide jump ! h& has to make at ! middle ( ea* measure4 ,*op91 on ! o!r h&1 avoids mudd9ess by clu/]+ 8 h>mony fairly high 7ab\t ! region ( middle ,c71 at ! same "t gets a suffici5t bass = 8 *ords1 :i* he is able to d by cov]+ a great deal ( gr\nd 9 ea* figure1 & 9 spite ( ! wide space trav]s$ on ! keybo>d respects ! com=t ( ! play] by n requir+ any sudd5 leaps4 ,x is fur!rmore wor?y ( note t by introduc+ two tones =eign to ! h>mony 7! f\r? & ! sixte5?7 he ga9s a ri*ness ( s\nd lack+ 9 ! o!r examples4 ,we get "h1 h[ev]1 b ! m]e/ inkl+ ( ! inexhau/ible +5uity ) :i* he manages ?is matt] ( figuration1 or ! ornam5tal dis9tegration ( *ords4 ,9 ord] really to appreciate x we %\ld h to exam9e ^? nocturnes1 say1 l ! second1 ?ird1 sev5?1 & eigh?1 9 :i* ) ! left h& unaid$ he supplies a good firm bass & an intricate texture ( accompanim5t2 we %\ld h to /udy ^? pieces1 su* z ! fir/1 fif?1 & eigh? ( ! tudes1 opus #aj1 & ! ,prelude1 opus #bh1 no4 #bc1 9 :i* x is ! "r h& t1 rac+ back & =? ov] ! keybo>d1 fills 9 ! *9ks ( ! h>mony z a pa9t] /ipples an ev5 t9t ) an inf9ite numb] ( t9y bru%-/rokes2 we %\ld h to analyze 9 detail su* a ma/]piece z ! tude 9 ,a-flat major1 opus #be1 no4 #a1 9 :i* x is bo? h&s t weave toge!r a diaphan\s web ( s\nd1 :ile ! out] f+]s ( "o s+ ! tune1 & ^? ( ! o!r ! bass4#ba ,*op9's negative m]it ( m9imiz+ ! disadvantages ( 8 in/rum5t is1 h[ev]1 v intimately connect$ ) a m positive skill 9 utiliz+ its peculi> advantages1 9 ord] to und]/& :i* we %all h to rev]t = a mom5t to our exam9ation ( ! me*anism ( ! piano4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ?is me*anism--a feature s vital t x has be5 call$ ! s\l ( ! piano1 & s unique t no o!r in/rum5t except ! h>p pres5ts a p>allel to x--is ! damp] p$al1 g5]ally kn[n by ! inaccurate & mislead+ "n ( ! l\d p$al4 ,its function is to raise all ! damp]s :i* control ! vibrations ( ! /r+s1 leav+ !m free to respond to any impulse !y may receive4 ,x ?us secures two important results4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x c\nt]acts ! non-su/a9m5t ( s+le tones by fus+ a great _m su* individual tones1 sep>ately produc$1 into "o impression4 ,x w readily be se51 = in/ance1 h[ indisp5sable is ! p$al to ! int5d$ effect ( ! brok5 *ords ( ,figure ,,xv3 only ?r\gh its cop]ation d !y become wor?y equival5ts1 9 ! piano idiom1 ( :at ! organ or voices w\ld pres5t 9 ! =m ( su/a9$ *ords 9 long notes4 ,moreov]1 e tone s\nd$ on ! piano1 ) ! p$al d[n1 is re9=c$1 ?r\gh :at is kn[n z sympa!tic vibration1 by _m o!r tones n s\nd$ by ! h&s at all4 ,=1 s9ce e tone produc$ by a piano /r+ is 9 reality1 z prov$ by sci5tific analysis1 by no means simple1 b a complex ( _m elem5ts kn[n z p>tial tones1 & s9ce any ela/ic body capable ( produc+ a giv5 tone w actually produce x1 ?r\gh sympa!tic vibration1 :5ev] ! tone is already be+ o!rwise s\nd$ 9 its vic9ity1 x w readily be und]/ood t all ! p>tial tones set go+ by /rik+ a piano key w1 if ! damp]s are1 by means ( ! p$al1 kept f int]f]+1 />t into activity :atev] /r+s are tun$ to _! respective pit*es4 ,?us ! p$al turns ! entire body ( /r+s into "o va/ olian h>p1 ready to take up1 re*o1 & multiply ! slighte/ brea? ( s\nd produc$ ?r\gh ! keybo>d4 ,"s idea ( ! extraord9>y enri*m5t ( timbre or tone-quality :i* accrues to ! piano ?r\gh ! sympa!tic vibration made possible by ! p$al may be ga9$ by /rik+ a s+le key1 say middle ,c1 fir/ )\t1 !n )1 ! p$al4 ,! fir/ tone /&s out h>d & angul>1 l a leafless tree 9 a des]t2 ! second is liquid1 murmur\s1 palpitant1 its outl9es s(t5$ z a l&scape is s(t5$ by a mi/y atmosph]e4 ,:5 a *ord r ?an a s+le key is /ruck1 ! effect is1 ( c\rse1 multipli$ 9 direct proportion to ! numb] ( its con/itu5t tones4 ,! h>d nucleus ( ! impression is clo!d 9 a s(t web ( subord9ate s\nds1 ! result ( sympa!tic vibration4 ,suppose1 = example1 we play ! *ord ( f\r :ole notes 9 ,figure ,,xvi4 ,if at ! same "t we free ! /r+s by press+ ! p$al1 we %all summon f !m an att5dant tra9 ( gho/ly h>monics = ea* ( ! f\r1 repres5t$ 9 ! figure by qu>t]-notes4 ,^! auxili>y tones1 to be sure1 w be exce$+ly fa9t & individually indi/+ui%able1 b !y w nev]!less give to ! impression t curi\s mell[ness1 dep?1 or liquidity 7"o calls va9ly on ! div]s exp]i5ces ( o!r s5ses to describe x7 :i* is "o ( ! fundam5tal *>ms ( ! piano tone4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xvi4 ,! second important result ( ! damp] p$al is a /ill great] ri*ness ( tone :i* x enables compos]s to atta9 by artificially pu%+ /ill f>!r ! fusion ( _m s+le tones :i* is illu/rat$ on ! plane ( nature by ! =ego+ examples4 ,! /ud5t ( h>mony w obs]ve t ?\gh mo/ ( ! h>monics1 writt5 9 qu>t]-notes1 ( ,figure ,,xvi1 are consonant to ! fundam5tal *ord1 & ?us enri* )\t obscur+ x1 !re are sev]al1 notably ! ,g-%>p1 :i*1 be+ =eign to ! *ord1 t5d slightly to blur its cl>ity4 ,^! dissonant h>monics are1 h[ev]1 s fa9t t _! effect is practically nil4 ,b if ! compos]1 act+ on ! h9t !y give him1 introduces into 8 *ords simil> =eign tones1 s\nd$ m di/9ctly by ! h&s1 he at once imp>ts to ! h>mony a curi\s opacity & ?ickness :i* x is almo/ impossible to describe1 b :i* af=ds a pleasant contra/ to ! uni=m cle>ness ( purely consonant *ords4 ,! f\r? & ! sixte5? notes 9 ! bit ( ,*op9 already cit$ 7,figure ,,xv7 illu/rate ?is device4 ,! effect ( su* dissonant tones may be lik5$ to ! effect ( mixtures & body-colors 9 pa9t+2 !y af=d relief f ! monotony ( consonance j z ^? af=d relief f ! monotony ( ! pure colors4 ,!y provide ! musical picture ) *i>oscuro & atmosph]e1 s(t5+ ! %>pness ( its l9es1 spread+ ov] x1 s to speak1 a delicate transluc5t haze4 ,us$ to excess1 ( c\rse1 !y make a m]e smut*1 a mean+less1 *aotic daub2 ! music rev]ts to primitive noise2 ! nice po9t is to use !m j en\gh to ga9 dep?1 solidity1 light & %ade1 )\t black5+ & confus+ ! :ole impression4#bb ,n[ ,*op9 is "o ( ! supreme ma/]s 9 ! colori/ic use ( ! dissonance4 ,8 nocturnes1 especially ! fir/1 sev5?1 eigh?1 & f\rte5?1 may fairly be said to inaugurate by ?is means a new era 9 music1 comp>able 9 _m respects to ! era ( impressionism 9 pa9t+4 ,_! tremul\s1 vapor\s h>monies seem to come f no common piano1 b f "s w9d-swept olian h>p4 ,take1 = in/ance1 su* a passage z ! foll[+1 at ! end ( ! ?ird nocturne3-- ,illu/ration3 score ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xvii4 ,"h x is z if1 aft] plac+ on 8 canvas ! two ma9 *ords ( ! cad5ce1 dom9ant & tonic1 he took1 :ile ! colors 7 /ill wet1 a bru%1 & ) ! s(te/ imag9able t\* drew x across ! entire face ( ! picture4 ,! grace-notes1 mo/ ( :i*1 x w be not$1 are dissonant to ! ma9 h>mony1 are no m meant to be he>d individually ?an ! spots ( pa9t 9 a ,monet are meant to be se5 individually2 !y are a runn+ ( ! colors1 blurr+ ! o!rwise too bald outl9e4 ,*op9's scores are full ( ^! delicate veil+s & obscurations4 ,9 a majority ( cases !y are produc$1 z 9 ?is in/ance1 by ! "r h&1 above a cle> h>mony 9 ! l[] regi/]4 ,b sometimes1 m d>+ly1#bc he assigns ! web ( dissonance to ! left h&1 9 ! middle regi/] or ev5 9 ! bass1 ?us ga9+ an extraord9>y lurid gorge\sness ( color+4 ,! passage 9 ! ?ird ballade1 beg9n+ at ! *ange ( signature to f\r %>ps 7,figure ,,xviii71 is an in/ance4 ,illu/ration3 score ,& lat] ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xviii4 ,or aga91 z 9 ! ,m5o mosso ( ! ,s*]zo1 opus #ci1 bo? h&s fir/ deliv] bold1 cle> *ords1 & !n weave a %imm] ( light above !m4 ,9 all su* cases1 x is obvi\s t ! dissonances 9 "q d n belong to ! ess5tial melodic & h>monic l9es ( ! composition2 !y are1 z ,mr4 ,had[ says1 effects ( sup]ficies1 n effects ( sub/ance1 & may be comp>$ to ^? local blurs made by a draughtsman's /ump 9 a *>coal sket*1 or1 z be=e sugge/$1 to ^? surpris+ly ri* mix$ t9ts produc$ 9 impressioni/ic pa9t+s by a multitude ( m9ute bru%-/rokes4 ,! at fir/ sight v elaborate modulations ( ,*op9 :i* h provok$ s mu* discussion are b a fur!r application ( ! same pr9ciple4 ,!y are really n modulations at all1 9 ! classic s5se ( transitions f "o key to ano!r hav+ a /ructural value1 b r amplifications ( ! gr\ps ( grace-notes t con/antly embroid] ! tunes4 ,_! function is s5su\s r ?an /ructural1 & we might describe !m by co9+ ! ^w grace-*ords4 ,( ! twelf? measure ( ! second nocturne1 = example1 ,mr4 ,had[ well says t :5 we see x on pap] x seems to consi/ ( a rapid s]ies ( remote & recondite modulations1 b :5 we he> x play$ 444 we feel t !re is only "o real modulation1 & t ! re/ ( ! passage is an iridesc5t play ( color4 ,ano!r /rik+ in/ance is ! foll[+ measure 9 ! ,polonaise-,fantaisie1 a composition 9 :i* effects ( ?is sort ab\nd4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xix4 ,! p$antic s*olia/ w\ld say t ! compos] "h modulat$1 ) />tl+ spe$1 ?r\gh ! keys ( ,b-flat1 ,c1 ,d1 & ,a-m9or2 b all t ! m9d grasps is ! two *ords at ! beg9n+s ( ! measures1 connect$ by a gorge\s pageant ( in>ticulate s\nd4 ,! sket* is be+ rubb$ ) ! draughtsman's /ump aga91 ?is "t ) ev5 f9] tem]ity & m spl5did result ?an be=e4 ,x is a lesson 9 ! mean+ ( t mu*-abus$ ^w orig9ality to obs]ve t ,*op9 arriv$ at all ^! novel effects1 :i* diff]5tiate 8 /yle s /rik+ly f ^? ( ! cons]vatives & ! virtuosos ( 8 day1 simply by disc]n+ ?r\gh a sup]ior s5sitiv5ess1 & work+ out ) a mat*less skill1 ! peculi> pot5tialities ( ! m$ium at 8 h&4 ,realiz+ z no "o else _h done t ! piano comp5sates = its inability to br+ out ! beauties ( pure l9e 7due to ! non-su/a9m5t ( s+le tones71 by ! weal? ( color made available ?r\gh ! p$al's fusion ( _m tones1 bo? consonant & dissonant1 9 "o composite impression1 he %rewdly arrang$ 8 campaign accord+ly4 ,he adju/$ all 8 te*nical res\rces1 bo? z a compos] & z a piani/1 9 ! int]e/s ( ! greate/ possible transfusion & int]mixture ( impressions4 ,?is is ! secret ( 8 h>monic s*eme1 s *romatic & full ( dissonance2 ( 8 lavi% melodic embroid]y2 ( 8 tempo rubato1 by :i* ! outl9e ( met] itself1 s ari?metical & inexorable1 is g5tly relax$2 ( 8 curi\s s(t1 light t\*1 :i* seem$ to glide ov] r ?an /rike ! keys--s ins9uat+ & gossam] a t\*1 says an e>-witness1 t ! crude/ & mo/ *romatic h>monies float$ away "u 8 h&1 indi/9ct yet n unpleas+2 & ?is is ! secret ( 8 lavi% use ( ! damp] p$al1 equall$1 among 8 contempor>ies1 only by t ( ,s*umann4#bd ,! unprec$5t$ individuality ( ! /yle he ?us develop$ pr(\ndly impress$ all obs]v]s4 ,9 ! m>vell\s art ( c>ry+ & modulat+ ! tone1 9 ! expressive1 melan*oly mann] ( %ad+ x (f1 says ,m>montel 9 8 ,piani/es ,clbres1 ,*op9 0 entirely himself4 ,he _h q an individual way ( attack+ ! keybo>d1 a supple1 mell[ t\*1 sonor\s effects ( a vapor\s fluidity ( :i* only he knew ! secret4 ,imag9e1 writes ,s*umann 9 ! ,new ,j\rnal ( ,music1 an olian h>p t _h all ! scales1 & t ^! 7 jumbl$ toge!r by ! h& ( an arti/ into all sorts ( fanta/ic ornam5ts1 b 9 su* a mann] t a deep] fundam5tal tone & a s(tly s++ high] "p 7 always audible1 & y h an approximate idea ( 8 play+4 ,liszt's te/imony is t he impr9t$ on all 8 pieces "o kn[s n :at nameless color1 :at vague appe>ance1 :at pulsations ak9 to vibration1 & t 8 modulations 7 velvety & iridesc5t z ! robe ( a salam&]4 ,nor d ! s*ola/ic musicians ( ! "t fail to pay ?is pione] ! eloqu5t tribute ( misund]/&+ him4 ,mos*eles1 a man ( ! old rgime1 writes1 aft] he>+ him play1 ,! h>% modulations :i* /rike me disagreeably :5 ,i am play+ 8 compositions no long] %ock me1 because he glides ov] !m 9 a fairylike way ) 8 delicate f+]s4 ,?is comm5t is mo/ significant4 ,mos*eles f\nd ,*op9's modulations h>% because he play$ !m ) ! punctili\s accuracy1 ! absolute lit]alness1 :i* is appropriate to ! music ( l9e1 b n to ! music ( color4 ,9 r5d]+ a ,ba* fugue we _c get ea* tone too di/9ct1 s9ce x is sure to be a "p ( "s melody1 a cle> p]ception ( :i* is necess>y to our appreciation ( ! design4 ,b ,*op9's polyphony is n ,ba*'s polyphony1 z is illu/rat$ by ! =m]'s ,prelude1 opus #bh1 no4 #a4 ,bo? ! "r- & ! left-h& p>ts "h are melodic2 b if bo? are play$ ) an equally sali5t t\*1 ! conflicts betwe5 ! voices become unpleasant4 ,! prop] way is to let ! l[] "p s9k into ! backgr\nd1 giv+ m]ely a c]ta9 dep? & opacity to ! g5]al impression2 ! two melodies are z x 7 on diff]5t planes1 ! l[] "o m remote & he>d b dimly z ?r\gh a slight haze4 ,s x is ev]y:]e 9 ,*op94 ,to play him too di/9ctly is z fatal an error z to exam9e a *>coal sket* ) a magnify+ glass1 or to b5d ov] a canvas ( ,monet & pe] curi\sly at ea* spot ( pa9t4 ,"o mu/ /& (f1 & half close "o's eyes1 until ! details are lo/ 9 ! masses4 ,9 a ^w1 "h is a new type ( art1 dem&+ a new mode ( app]ception4 ,if a ,ba* fugue & a ,moz>t qu>tet are ! /eel engrav+s ( music1 ,*op9's pieces are its impressioni/ic pa9t+s & pa/els4 ,b x is "t to pass to "s o!r phases ( ! extraord9>y s5sibility & un]r+ ta/e ( ,*op91 ?us evid5c$ by 8 orig9ality 9 te*nique1 z !y %[$ !mselves 9 8 ev]yday life & 9 ! m intellectual aspects ( 8 art4 ,! *ief ev5ts ( 8 %ort c>e] may be v summ>ily rec\nt$4 ,born 9 ,zelaz[a-,wola1 a small village 9 ,pol&1 9 #ahji1 he /udi$ music 9 ,w>saw1 & at tw5ty-two e/abli%$ himself z a piani/ & tea*] 9 ,p>is1 :]e he pass$ mo/ ( 8 life4 ,9 #ahcg ill heal?1 :i* soon develop$ into ! pulmon>y disease ( :i* he di$1 compell$ him to seek a w>m] climate1 & he pass$ ! w9t] 9 ! isl& ( ,majorca ) ,george ,s&1 ! em95t noveli/1 & h] *ildr54 ,?us began a connection :i* la/$ = t5 ye>s1 & :i* has giv5 rise to endless discussion4 ,! true inn] hi/ory ( ?is love-affair w probably nev] be kn[n1 z ! evid5ce is fragm5t>y & di/ort$ by prejudice4 ,x is obvi\s1 h[ev]1 t nei!r ! compos] nor ! noveli/ 7^: real "n 0 ,madame ,dudevant1 b :o _h obta9$ a divorce f h] husb& be=e %e met ,*op97 0 suffici5tly unselfi% to su/a9 p]man5tly su* a relation2 nor 7 _! temp]am5ts fundam5tally cong5ial4 ,!y sep>at$ 9 #ahdg4 ,by ?is "t ,*op9's consumption 0 f> advanc$1 & aft] two m ye>s ( extreme feebl5ess1 complicat$ by pov]ty1 he di$ at ,p>is1 ,octob] #ag1 #ahdi4 ,9 physique ,*op9 0 sl5d] & ( middle height1 fragile ev5 be=e disease _h wa/$ him1 b supple & ela/ic2 8 h&s & feet 7 small1 8 ge/ures v>i$ & full ( grace2 ) 8 pale1 almo/ sall[1 complexion1 8 long1 f9e1 *e/nut-br[n hair1 p>t$ at "o side1 8 high aquil9e nose1 limpid yet bright eyes1 & sweet half-melan*oly smile1 he impress$ ,mos*eles z exactly l 8 music1 t5d] & s*wrm]is*4#be ,liszt says t ! timbre ( 8 voice 0 subdu$1 & t 8 movem5ts _h su* a di/9ction & 8 mann]s su* an impress ( good society t "o treat$ him unconsci\sly l a pr9ce4 ,9 ! matt] ( dress he 0 z fussy z a woman1 sp>+ no pa9s 7to ! fri5ds :o s]v$ him 9 ^! affairs7 to secure j ! di/+ui%$ mean betwe5 ! insignificant & ! o/5tati\s4 ,i =got1 he writes f ,nohant1 ,george ,s&'s c\ntry e/ate1 to 8 fri5d ,fontana1 to ask y to ord] = me a hat f my ,duport1 9 y\r /reet1 ,*ausse d',ant94 ,let him give ! hat ( ?is ye>'s %ape1 n too mu* exagg]at$1 = ,i d n "k h[ y are dress+ y\rself j n[4444 ,call at my tailor's1 on ! ,b\lev>ds1 & ord] him to make me at once a pair ( gray tr\s]s--some?+ respectable1 n /rip$1 b pla9 & ela/ic4 ,also a quiet black velvet wai/coat1 b ) v little & no l\d patt]n1 some?+ v quiet b v elegant4 ,%\ld he n h ! be/ velvet ( ?is k9d1 let him make a quiet1 f9e silk wai/coat1 b n too mu* op54 ,ano!r lett] ( ! same "t amply proves ! tru? ( 8 biograph]'s /atem5t t he _h ! coquett]ie des app>tem5ts4 ,select wall-pap]1 he directs1 su* z ,i _h =m]ly1 dove-color1 only bright & glossy1 = ! two rooms1 also d>k gre5 ) n too broad /ripes4 ,= ! ant]oom some?+ else1 b /ill respectable4 ,if !re are any nic] & m fa%ionable pap]s t are to y\r lik+1 take !m4 ,i pref] ! pla91 unpret5d+1 & neat ones to ! %opkeep]'s />+ colors4 ,!re=e pe>l-color pleases me1 = x is nei!r too l\d nor does x look vulg>4 ,9 8 lat] ye>s1 z heal? wan$1 ! habit ( luxury grew ^u him4 ,ne> ! end1 j be=e leav+ ,london = home1 he writes ano!r ( 8 will+ s]vitors1 ?is "t 8 fri5d ,grzymala3 ,please see t ! %eets & pill[s are q dry1 & cause fir-nuts to be b\ght2 ,madame ti5ne is n to sp>e any?+1 s t ,i may w>m myself :5 ,i arrive4 ,i h writt5 to ,d---- t he is to provide c>pets & curta9s4 ,i %all pay ! pap]-hang] at once aft] my arrival4 ,tell ,pleyel to s5d me a piano on ,?ursday2 let x be clos$ & a nosegay ( violets be b\ght1 s t !re may be a nice fragrance 9 ! salon4 ,i %\ld l to f9d a little poesy 9 my rooms & 9 my b$room1 :]e 9 all probability ,i %all lie d[n = a long "t4 ,! same fa/idi\sness is disc]nible 9 8 musical & intellectual ta/es4 ,liszt says t he rank$ ,moz>t above all o!r ma/]s1 because ,moz>t condesc5d$ m r>ely ?an any o!r compos] to cross ! /eps :i* sep>ate ref9em5t f vulg>ity4 ,yet1 adds ,liszt1 8 syb>itism ( purity1 8 appreh5sion ( :at 0 commonplace1 7 su* t ev5 9 ',don ,giovanni' he discov]$ passages ! pres5ce ( :i* we h he>d him regret4 ,next to ,moz>t came ,ba*1 ^: works 7 ! only music he c>ri$ ) him to ,majorca1 & ^: exquisitely lucid /yle ex]cis$ an important =mative influ5ce on 8 own4 ,8 pupil ,mikuli says x 0 difficult to tell :i* ( ! two compos]s he lov$ bett]4 ,bee?ov5 he accept$ only ) res]vations4 ,c]ta9 p>ts ( ,bee?ov5's works1 says ,liszt1 seem$ to him too rudely fa%ion$4 ,_! /ructure 0 too a?letic to please him2 _! wra?s seem$ to him too viol5t4 ,m5delssohn he consid]$ common2 ( ,s*umann's ,c>naval he rem>k$ t x 0 n music2 ,mey]be] & ,b]lioz he he>tily dislik$1 ?\gh = diff]5t reasons2 ,liszt1 accord+ to ,niecks1 he (t5 f\nd guilty ( mak+ concessions to bad ta/e = ! sake ( success1 a s9 :i* he view$ ) ! greate/ indignation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he lik$ ! music ( ,bell9i & ,ross9i1 on acc\nt ( its s\!rn suavity & grace4 ,*op9 took slight int]e/ 9 philosophy & lit]ature1 & dete/$ argum5t1 :e!r political or religi\s4 ,( univ]sality says ,niecks1 !re 0 n a trace 9 him2 & ! compos] ,/eph5 ,hell]1 himself a man ( m>k$ cultivation1 pron\nc$ him un$ucat$4 ,:at little we d le>n ( 8 read+1 h[ev]1 is mo/ *>act]i/ic4 ,8 fri5d ,gav>d1 :o read to him1 9 8 la/ illness1 out ( ,voltaire's ,dictionnaire ,philosophique1 rem>ks3 ,he valu$ v highly ! f9i%$ =m ( t cle> & concise language1 & t s sure judgm5t on que/ions ( ta/e4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ,i rememb] t ! article on ta/e 0 "o ( ! la/ ,i read to him4 ,! graphologi/ w supplem5t ^! bits ( evid5ce ) ! te/imony ( 8 h&writ+1 inimitably neat & small4 ,8 manuscripts are m>vels ( p5man%ip3 ! notes l p9-po9ts1 ! slurs m]e filam5ts ( spid]'s web1 ! /ems pa9/ak+ly v]tical1 ev5 ! erasures ornam5tal latticework1 s t ! :ole is z mu* a draw+ z a writ+4 ,! lea/ pleas+ ( all ! manife/ations ( ,*op9's exquisit5ess is se5 9 8 social habits4 ,"h 8 ref9em5t1 8 %r9k+ av]sion to all t 0 crude1 ugly1 or grotesque1 8 syb>itic love ( ease & elegance1 made ( him an ultra-ari/ocrat1 a prcieux1--"o is (t5 tempt$ to say1 9 good r\nd ,engli%1 a snob4 ,dazzl$ by ! brilliance & poison$ by ! p]fume ( ^? salons to :i* 8 tal5t gave him access1 8 ta/e1 s un]r+ 9 matt]s ( art1 fail$ to di/+ui% betwe5 ! g5u9e ari/ocracy ( m9d & ! spuri\s ari/ocracy ( weal? & fa%ion4 ,x is at once pa!tic & exasp]at+ to see su* a g5ius1 ( :om an hone/1 simple man l ,delacroix c\ld say1 he 0 ! mo/ true arti/ ,i h met1 anxi\sly /riv+ to be borne al(t by t haute vole :i* 0 s immeasurably b5ea? him1 limit+ 8 society to t small section ( humank9d :i* pr\dly /yl$ itself le monde1 & d$icat+ 8 leisure & 8 compositions1 n to bro!r arti/s1 b to ! b>onesses1 c\ntesses1 & pr9cesses :o gave him _! half-patroniz+ homage4#bf ,9 8 lett]s "o too frequ5tly comes ^u passages l ?is1 f ,vi5na3 ,i h pleas$ ! nobility "h exce$+ly4 ,z a pro( ,i may m5tion ! visit :i* ,c\nt ,dietri*/e9 paid me on ! /age1 or ?is f ,p>is1 on 8 fir/ arrival3 ,i move 9 ! highe/ society--among ambassadors1 pr9ces1 & m9i/]s4 ,!re is 9 ! ,lettres ,p>isi5nes ( ,madame de ,gir>d9 a description ( a soire at ,madame de ,c\rbonne's1 :i* br+s ?is :ole nause\s atmosph]e ) pa9ful vividness "u our v no/rils4 ,x 0 = passionate admir]s1 writes ,madame de ,gir>d91 ! torm5t ( ,tantalus to see ,*op9 go+ ab\t a :ole ev5+ 9 a salon1 & n to he> him4 ,! mi/ress ( ! h\se took pity on u2 %e 0 indiscreet1 & ,*op9 play$1 sang 8 mo/ delici\s songs2 we set to ^! joy\s or sad airs ! words :i* came into our heads2 we foll[$ ) our ?\ghts 8 melodi\s caprices4 ,!re 7 "s tw5ty ( u1 s9c]e amateurs1 true believ]s1 & n a note 0 lo/1 n an int5tion 0 misund]/ood2 x 0 n a conc]t1 x 0 intimate1 s]i\s music su* z we love2 he 0 n a virtuoso :o comes & plays ! air agre$ up & !n disappe>s2 he 0 a beautiful tal5t1 monopoliz$1 worri$1 torm5t$1 )\t consid]ation & scruples1 :om "o d>$ to ask = ! mo/ belov$ airs4444 ,madame ,s-&-s said1 ',please1 play ?is pretty nocturne d$icat$ to ,mdlle4 ,/irl+4'--,! nocturne :i* ,i call$ ! dang]\s "o4--,he smil$1 & play$ ! fatal nocturne4 ',i1' said ano!r lady1 '%\ld l to he> once play$ by y ?is mazurka1 s sad & s *>m+4' ,he smil$ aga91 & play$ ! delici\s mazurka4 ,! mo/ pr(\ndly artful among ! ladies s\ght exp$i5ts to atta9 _! ends3 ',i am practis+ ! gr& sonata :i* comm5ces sic ) ?is beautiful fun]al m>*1' & ',i %\ld l to "k ! movem5t 9 :i* ! f9ale ought to be play$4' ,he smil$ a little at ! /ratagem1 & play$ ! f9ale ( ! gr& sonata4 ,decid$ly1 !re is too sickly a flavor ( ! b\doir ab\t ! salons 9 :i* ?is beautiful tal5t 444 :om "o d>$ to ask = ! mo/ belov$ airs deign$ to sp5d 8 "t4 ,we _c wond] t 9 su* a ho?\se atmosph]e ! ugly we$s ( 8 "* ?rove almo/ z well z ! delicate fl[]s1 t "u su* long-cont9u$ coddl+ he grew va91 capti\s1 pettily egoti/ical4 ,x is di/ress+ to note h[ mu* he is will+ to ask ( 8 fri5ds ,fontana & ,grzymala1 9 ! way ( labori\s & disagreeable commissions--err&s to tailors1 l&lords1 pap]-hang]s1 & furniture-mak]s1 & bick]+s ) publi%]s--& h[ he is cont5t to repay !m ) a few p]functory prote/ations ( reg>d1 nicely proportion$1 9 ea* case1 to ! magnitude ( ! favor exact$4 ,nor does he hesitate to speak slight+ly1 beh9d _! backs1 ( su* associates z ,pleyel ! publi%]1 ,leo ! bank]1 & ev5 8 fell[-c\ntryman ,matuszynski1 at ! same "t t he is address+ !m directly 9 ! mo/ cordial & ev5 affectionate language4 ,9 %ort1 x is impossible to d5y t he 0 exact+1 ung5]\s1 & dis+5u\s 9 8 relations ) comrades & fri5ds4 ,9 ! m casual relations ! same %ortcom+s reveal$ !mselves 9 a malici\s wit :i* 0 q devoid ( ! magnanimity & exub]ance ( humor4 ,8 description ( ,?alb]g1 8 rival z a virtuoso1 is a little ma/]piece ( irony3 ,he is y\ng] ?an ,i1 pleases ! ladies v mu*1 makes potp\rris on ',masaniello1' plays ! =te & piano ) ! p$al b n ) ! h&1 takes t5?s z easily z ,i d octaves1 & we>s /uds ) diamonds4 ,:5 ,liszt1 :o 9 ! consci\sness ( 8 spl5dor 0 incl9$ to patronize1 volunte]$ to write a review ( "o ( 8 conc]ts1 he said1 ,he w give me a little k+dom 9 8 empire4 ,to a weal?y ,phili/9e :o invit$ him to d9n]1 & z soon z ! c(fee 0 remov$ reque/$ him to play1 he respond$ sweetly1 ,ah1 b ,i h eat5 s little6 ,obvi\sly ,liszt is "r 9 describ+ him z a f9e connoisseur 9 raill]y & an +5i\s mock]4 ,b j z ! sne] is physiologically ! incipi5t uncov]+ ( ! tee?1 9 self-def5ce1 ( ! animal at bay1 s ,*op9's s>casms are ! retaliations ( a man con/antly h>ass$1 ^u a dull & cruel _w4 ,he _h to resort to innu5do because he 0 too fragile = r\gh] w>f>e4 ,! ne$les ( 8 wit _h to be %>ply po9t$ & dipp$ 9 v5om1 to make any impression on p accu/om$ to fight ) sl$ge-hamm]s4 ,all 8 weaknesses ( "*1 inde$1--8 malice1 8 extreme caution1 8 secretiv5ess1 8 vanity1 ev5 8 snobbi%ness1--are 9 l>ge measure b ! necess>y reflexes ( inh]5t weaknesses ( con/itution1 & may be expla9$1 if n altoge!r condon$1 z ! normal reactions ( a too s5sitive nature1 plac$ )\t protection 9 a sordid1 difficult1 phlegmatic _w4 ,nev]1 surely1 0 human be+ m delicately adju/$ ?an ,*op9 to receive pa9ful impressions at e po9t4 ,8 s5ses 7 s ke5 t z a *ild he cri$ at ! m]e s\nd ( music2 disease made him %r9k f m9ute *anges ( temp]ature or slightly unfavorable conditions ( wea!r1 ( :i* ord9>y p are unconsci\s2 imp]i\s pride made him simil>ly susceptible to 8 social climate2 & 8 high arti/ic ideal condemn$ him to con/ant disappo9tm5t ev5 ) 8 "w4 ,peculi>ly pa!tic is ! /ory ( ! la/ ye> ( 8 life1 :51 unable to compose or to tea*1 almo/ p5niless1 & s weak t he _h to be c>ri$ up/airs by 8 valet1 he und]took an ill-fat$ conc]t t\r 9 ,scotl& & ,engl&4 ,x 0 a sad je/ ( de/9y to br+ ?is subtle arti/1 dy+ ( consumption1 into contact ) a ,man*e/] audi5ce1 9 a l>ge hall :i* 8 tone c\ld n fill4 ,he begg$ 8 fri5d ,osborne n to be pres5t--,my play+ w be lo/ 9 su* a l>ge room1 & my compositions w be ineffective4 ,hueff] describes a simil> sc5e 9 ,london1 a ,gr& ,poli% ,ball1 at :i* ! p1 hot f danc+1 :o w5t into ! room :]e he play$1 7 b little 9 ! humor to pay att5tion1 & anxi\s to return to _! amusem5t4 ,he 0 9 ! la/ /age ( exhau/ion1 & ! affair result$ 9 disappo9tm5t4 ,x 0 an excusable bitt]ness ) :i*1 on ! way back to ,p>is1 po9t+ at ! cattle by ! wayside1 he murmur$ a a plus d'intellig5ce que les ,anglais4 ,b1 alas6 to a temp]am5t1 l 81 too delicately /rung1 ! :ole _w1 always & ev]y:]e1 is some:at ,briti%4 ,! s+le1 b p]haps suffic+1 good =tune 9 ,*op9's 9 _m ways unhappy lot 0 t he 0 able to f9d a refuge f ! irritations1 failures1 & disappo9tm5ts ( ev]yday exi/5ce 9 arti/ic expression4 ,h[ev] /ubborn an aspect life pres5t$ to him1 9 art at lea/ he 0 successful4 ,! great law ( comp5sation nev] wr\ght m subtly ?an :5 x made ! v qualities :i* defeat$ him 9 ! "o realm ! s\rces ( 8 joyful conque/ 9 ! o!r4 ,! ke5ness ( s5se :i* f\nd 9 ! hurly-burly ( ! _w s _m pa9ful impressions1 also discov]$1 z we h se51 wond]ful new possibilities ( tonal color+ 9 pian(orte music4 ,! m9ute discrim9ation :i* made him unpleasantly consci\s ( all t 0 vulg>1 crude1 & ugly 9 human nature1 also enabl$ him to w9n[ out un]r+ly1 f 8 musical res\rces1 all trite =mul1 all hackney$ conv5tional progressions1 all ?readb>e adornm5ts1 & s to atta9 a m>vell\s individuality & di/9ction ( /yle4 ,! v exclusiv5ess :i* condemn$ ! man to solitude1 safegu>d$ ! arti/ aga9/ dissipation ( en]gy & futile eclecticisms ( me?od4 ,f9ally1 8 ideal ( p]fection1 a cruel autocrat to s]ve 9 a _w s imp]fect1 prov$ ! be/ ( guides 9 ! less refractory m$ium ( art1 & l$ him ne> to ! v]ge ( complete realization4 ,9 a ^w1 ! p>adox ( ,*op9 is t 8 fa/idi\s ta/e--! radical1 fundam5tal trait ( 8 nature--plunges him1 z a human be+1 into a jungle ( di/resses1 b guides him1 z a musician1 to a m\nta9-top ( comm&+ sup]iority4 ,! unfail+ int]e/ ( ! analysis ( 8 music lies 9 ! recognition1 at e turn1 ( ?is f95ess ( nature1 ?is m5tal & spiritual high-bre$+1 ?is exquisitely s5sitive ta/e1 & 9 ! detection ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( excell5ce x produces4 ,"o easily traces x ?r\gh sev]al planes ( a*ievem5t1 9 an asc5d+ s]ies4 ,on ! fir/ & l[e/ plane x appe>s m]ely z an inimitable f9esse 9 ! execution ( light1 playful1 & ev5 frivol\s designs3 no "o has br\ght s delicate & yet firm a t\*1 & s sure an in/9ct = da9ty elegance ( /yle1 to ! treatm5t ( ! salon-piece 7a g5re = :i* we f9d p]haps ! be/ p>allel 9 ! pa9t+s ( ,watteau or ! v]ses ( ,mr4 ,au/9 ,dobson7 z ! ,*op9 ( ! waltzes1 ! mazurkas1 _m ( ! tudes & preludes1 & ev5 ( ! m old-fa%ion$ conc]t fantasias & v>iations brillantes4 ,web] is z poli%$1 b less subtle2 ,s*ub]t is z spontane\s1 b by no means s di/+ui%$4 ,s*umann ex]ts ! same fasc9ation1 b ) less +ratiation1 less politesse2 ,liszt's musical g>m5t is equally sp>kl+1 b x is gemm$ ) rubies r ?an ) diamonds4 ,! te*nical s\rces ( ,*op9's success 9 ?is g5re are 8 graceful1 smoo?ly-m\ld$ melodies1 frequ5tly recall+ ^? ( ,bell9i & o!r ,italians1 ) :om he _h mu* 9 common2 8 simple1 transp>5t h>monies1 built up always ) an unfail+ s5se ( tone-color2 & 8 lamb5t1 coruscat+ ornam5tation1 :i* always seems to effloresce spontane\sly f ! melody4 ,9 all ^! matt]s he is ! supreme model ( purity & felicity 9 ?is /yle4 ,b ! same punctili\s ta/e :i* guid$ him s safely among ! pitfalls ( virtuosity & bravura soon l$ him beyond ?is entire s*eme ( art1 :i* is1 aft] all1 bas$ on ! some:at frivol\s ideal ( o/5tation1 up to ! high] level ( lyrical expression1 bas$ on quiet & deep p]sonal feel+4 ,! virtuoso 0 trans=m$ into ! poet4 ,9 ! nocturnes1 "s ( ! tudes & preludes1 portions ev5 ( ! ballades & polonaises1 & mo/ /rik+ly ( all 9 ! sl[ movem5ts ( ! conc]tos & sonatas1 8 object is no long] to dazzle 8 audi5ce1 b to portray subjective emotion1 (t5 ( a pr(\nd e>ne/ness & spiritual beauty4 ,if 9 8 e>ly pieces he 0 ! pre/idigitator1 ! bro!r-9-art ( ,?alb]g & ,liszt1 "h he is ! dream]1 ! rhapsodi/1 & 8 ne>e/ ( k9 is ,rob]t ,s*umann4 ,! l>go ( ! ,b-m9or ,sonata is ,s*umannesque 9 its contemplativ5ess1 its innigkeit1 its m>k$ note ( my/icism2 ! fun]al m>* 9 ! ,b-flat m9or ,sonata equals t ( ! great qu9tet 9 poignancy & dignity1 ?\gh x is a fem99e v]sion ( :at 9 ! ,g]man compos] we f9d express$ ) m virile =ce4 ,9 ! nocturnes ! fem99e quality is ev5 m evid5t4 ,_! t5d] beauty has a pallor1 a fragility1 almo/ an emaciation1 :i* has (t5 br\ght ^u !m ! *>ge ( morbidity4 ,x is c]ta9 t 9 ! pieces ( ?is type ,*op9 has c>ri$ 8 fa/idi\sness a /age f>!r ?an 9 ! display pieces1 atta9+ an ev5 great] di/9ction & a r>] individuality4 ,! nocturnes & preludes1 ! l>ghettos ( ! two conc]tos1 ! l>go ( ! ,sonata 9 ,b-m9or1 & a few o!r ?+s ( ! same sort con/itute "o ( ! few p]fect manife/ations ( ! romantic _s 9 music4 ,!re is /ill a ?ird phase ( ,*op9's "w1 :i* "s w probably consid] z mu* high] ?an ! lyrical phase z t is high] ?an ! decorative4 ,?is may be call$ ! h]oic or epic phase1 & is exemplifi$ 9 ! polonaises1 ! ballades1 ! ,fantaisie1 opus #di1 ! twelf? tude1 ! ?irte5? nocturne1 & ! f9ale ( ! ,sonata 9 ,b-m9or4#bg ,a /udy ( ^! works w op5 ! eyes ( any "o :o kn[s ,*op9 only ?r\gh 8 virtuoso or lyrical pieces to ! scope & _m-sid$ness ( 8 g5ius4 ,!re is ab\t !m a l>g5ess ( utt]ance1 a su/a9m5t ( mood1 an int5sity ( emotion h>dly ev] deg5]at+ into ! hy/]ical or ! s5tim5tal1 :i* x is /range to f9d 9 ! graceful salon writ]1 ! delicate m9iaturi/4 ,yet ?is f9al quality1 too1 by :i* ,*op9 proves himself ak9 to ,bee?ov5 z well z to ,?alb]g & ,s*umann 7an oddly assort$ trio71 is1 l ! o!rs1 due to 8 *>act]i/ic f95ess ( nature4 ,x is ! h]oism ( high bre$+1 ! vigor ( intellig5ce1 ! dignity ( impeccable ta/e4 ,x bespeaks a /r5g? r subtle ?an brutal--! /r5g? ( ! mettlesome ?or\ghbr$1 n t ( ! /olid dray-horse4 ,x is a spiritual sup]iority 7l ! te*nical & emotional sup]iority7 born ( di/9ction & n\ri%$ by exclusiv5ess4 ,ev5 9 ! mo/ virile ( ! polonaises1 ) ! possible exception ( ! s-call$ ,milit>y ,polonaise1 :i* is unique 9 its fre%1 op5-air a?leticism1 we feel t ! p[] :i* surges ?r\gh !m is a n]v\s r ?an a muscul> p[]4 ,?us :5 he is h]oic1 no less ?an :5 he is gay or introspective1 ,*op9 rema9s true to 8 sl5d]1 aquil9e1 subtle1 ari/ocratic self4 ,x is int]e/+ to exam9e ! evolution ( te*nique t w5t h& 9 h& ) 8 gr[? 9 emotional e>ne/ness4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! ,bell9i-l tunefulness1 illu/rat$ 9 ! !me ( ! ,rondeau1 opus #a1 ) its agile turns & trills & its skipp+ /accato movem5t1 gives place 9 ! matur] works to a fre]1 m *romatic1 m impassion$ & rhapsodic type ( melody4 ,x recrudesces1 to be sure1 "h & !re1 z 9 ! n9? nocturne1 ! l>ghetto ( ! ,e-m9or conc]to1 ! mod]ato cantabile ( ! ,fantaisie ,impromptu2 = ! languid s\!rn luxuri\sness 0 once = all a "p ( ,*op9's temp]am5t4 ,b ! deep] & m intimate ! mood he is try+ to express1 ! broad] & less trammell$ becomes 8 melodic curve4 ,h[ s9u\s ! l9e1 h[ gradual ! climax1 h[ delib]ate ! subsid5ce1 ( ?is !me f ! f\rte5? nocturne 7a1 9 ,figure ,,xx73 ,illu/ration3 score 7a7 ,illu/ration3 score 7b7 ,figure ,,xx4 ,h[ maje/ically ! phrases rise1 ti] on ti]1 9 ! *ief melody ( ! ,polonaise1 opus #dd6 ,h[ nobly rhapsodical1 h[ g5ially spontane\s & flexible1 is ! phraseology ( ! second !me 9 ! allegro ( ! ,b-m9or ,sonata 7b1 9 ,figure ,,xx76 ,well may ,mr4 ,edw>d ,dannreu!r call ,*op9 ! supreme ma/] ( elegiac melody4 ,9 8 greate/ tunes ,*op9 inde$ t\*es a po9t :i* few purely romantic writ]s ev] rea*4 ,we h not$1 f "t to "t1 9 ! c\rse ( ^! /udies1 ! t5d5cy ( all lyrical compos]s to build up _! music out ( a few %ort phrases _m times repeat$1 l ! patt]ns 9 a wall-pap]2 we h se5 h[ ,s*ub]t1 ,s*umann1 & ,m5delssohn fell into ?is pitfall ev5 9 _! or*e/ral works1 :i* !re=e1 9 comp>ison ) ,moz>t's or ,bee?ov5's1 seem pat*y1 brea?less1 or monoton\s4 ,we h se5 t melodies ( long brea? are conceivable only by m9ds ( suffici5t syn!tic p[] to entw9e _m phrases1 div]se 9 l5g?1 cont\r1 & rhy?m1 into a s+le organism4 ,n[ ,*op91 l ! re/1 writes only too (t5 9 ! wall-pap] /yle1 z may be se5 especially 9 ! waltzes1 mazurkas1 & nocturnes4 ,b at o!r times he %[s a syn!tic faculty r>e among lyri/s1 by :i* he atta9s a noble bread?4 ,look1 = example1 at ! passage m>k$ so/5uto 9 ! ,gr&e ,valse1 opus #db1 at ! surg+ bass !me ( ! ,polonaise1 opus #dj1 no4 #b1 or at ! second !me ( ! allegro ( ! ,b-flat m9or ,sonata1 not+ ! su/a9$ flight ( ! second eight measures ( ! tune4 ,bett] /ill1 exam9e ) "s p>ticul>ity1 /udy+ ! div]sity ( ! rhy?mic figures employ$1 ! two melodies 9 ,figure ,,xxi1 "o f ! ,ballade1 opus #bc1 & "o f ! f9ale ( ! ,sonata1 opus #eh4 ,m>k ! delib]ation1 ! susp5sion ( int]e/1 ( ! sequ5ce 9 measures #e-h ( ! fir/1 ! excit+ inevitability ( ! *romatic desc5d+ scale ne> ! end ( ! second4#bh ,9 su* tunes z ^!1 :i* are frequ5t 9 8 lat] works1 ,*op9 proves himself capable ( ! v]itable longue hale9e ( ! epic melodi/4#bi ,illu/ration3 score 7a7 ,illu/ration3 score 7b7 ,figure ,,xxi4 ,a second te*nical result ( ! gradual deep5+ ( ,*op9's ideal ( expression 0 a wond]ful developm5t ( 8 h>monic s5se4 ,9 ! works ( 8 prime he is "o ( ! greate/ ( all ma/]s ( expressive h>mony4 ,8 orig9ality 9 modulation & enh>monic transition1 8 employm5t ( *romatic progressions *eek by j[l ) passages bas$ on ! old diatonic modes ( ! ,poli% folk-music1 8 d>+ use ( consecutive fif?s & o!r su* bugbe>s ( ! s*ola/ic1 entitle him to a high place among ! pione]s ( mod]n me?ods4 ,he con/antly surprises u ) premonitions ( ,liszt1 ,wagn]1 ! ,fr5* & ,russian compos]s ( to-day1 & ev5 ,ri*>d ,/rauss4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! op5+ ( ! great ,polonaise-,fantaisie1 ) its con/antly %ift+ tonality1 its grop+ bass1 its murky1 my/]i\s m9or-n9? & dim9i%$-sev5? *ords1 seems l a page f ,tri/an2 ! s]ies ( kaleidoscopic modulations1 m>k$ /retto1 ne> ! end ( ! f\r? ballade1 recall ,ts*ak[sky 9 "o ( 8 mo/ reckless moods2 & we mu/ g to ,cs> ,franck to f9d a p>allel = ! laps+ *romatic dom9ant-sev5? *ords ( ! tw5ty-fir/ mazurka4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xxii4 ,nor does ,*op9 make ! mi/ake1 s fatal to "s mod]n writ]s1 ( surfeit+ our e>s on ^! complexities until !y become apa!tic4 ,8 ta/e is too s5sitive = t4 ,sc>cely are we laun*$ on an admir+ /udy ( 8 h>monic intricacies 7:i* x mu/ be confess$ became 9 8 late/ pieces1 z ,mr4 ,niecks sugge/s1 almo/ too f9e-spun7 be=e we are arre/$ by "s fasc9at+ bit ( utt] simplicity & bell-l cl>ity4 ,h[ grateful1 aft] ! om9\s h>monics at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,polonaise1 opus #bf1 no4 #b1 9 ! l[] regi/]1 ! re/less sev5? *ords ( ! pr9cipal tune1 & ! clang+ dissonances above ! p$al-po9t on ,f at ! middle ( ! fir/ section--h[ grateful1 aft] all ?is clamor & /rid5cy1 are ! triads & dom9ant sev5?s ( ! ,m5o mosso 7see ,figure ,,xxii74 ,x is z if "s bright b& ( pilgrims m>*$1 to ! cle> peal ( trumpets1 out ( ! du/ & blood ( a battlefield4 ,exquisitely beautiful1 aga91 is ! cele/ial purity ( ^? *ords1 transp>5t & colorless z cry/al1 :i* are introduc$ ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! second impromptu3-- ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xxiii4 ,o!r simil> passages are ! religioso section 9 ! six? nocturne1 & ! middle section ( ! elev5?1 bo? ( :i*1 9 _! ecclesia/ical s]5ity & sev]ity1 take "o back to ,pale/r9a4 ,& ) all 8 div]sity ( vocabul>y1 ,*op9 nev] confuses 8 effects4 ,he c pass f ! extreme pla9ness ( ! fif? tude to ! *romatic complexity ( ! six?1 )\t ! lea/ adult]ation ( ei!r4 ,:y ! works ( a ma/] s v>i\s yet always s elevat$ 9 /yle1 animat$ by s high an ideal ( :at x is wor? :ile to say1 & ( h[ x %\ld be said1 %\ld be specially m>k$ out = s5tim5talization & degradation at ! h&s ( p]=m]s too dull to div9e _! di/9ction1 is "o ( ! my/]ies ( p]v]se de/9y4 ,x is h>d to see :at ju/ification c be f\nd1 ei!r 9 ! int]nal evid5ce ( ! works !mselves or 9 ! record$ op9ions ( _! compos]1 by ! misguid$ en?usia/s :o drag out 8 lovely melodies into mawki% recitatives1 break 8 *ords into arpeggios1 & vulg>ize 8 tempo rubato into lic5se ( met] & confusion ( rhy?m4 ,!re is1 to be sure1 9 mu* ( 8 music1 a subjective quality1 an intimacy ( mood1 :i* gives ! debau*ee ( s5tim5t an opportunity he does n f9d 9 ab/ract classic art4 ,!re are ev5 a few in/ances1 to give him c\nt5ance1 ( actual affectation1 ! tiresome po/ur+ ( ! dramatic tone-poet1 z 9 ! pomp\s end+ ( ! n9? nocturne & ! !atrical op5+ ( ! ?ird s*]zo1 :]e ,*op9 seems to borr[ a ge/ure f 8 fri5d ,liszt4 ,b ! entire object ( ! =ego+ analysis w h be5 miss$ if x has n conv9c$ ! read] ( ! ess5tial di/9ction1 ! sup]iority to all claptrap eloqu5ce & fev]i% emotion1 ( ,*op9's m9d4 ,he 0 n a man to /rut & pose2 he 0 too busy ) an arti/ic ideal1 too b5t ^u express+ a high ve9 ( feel+ 9 a faultless te*nical m$ium4 ,!re is also pl5ty ( docum5t>y evid5ce to prove 8 abhorr5ce ( all sickly s5tim5t1 & ( ! messy te*nique x induces4 ,take1 = example1 ! matt] ( ! mu* discuss$ tempo rubato4 ,*op9 reg>d$ ?is z a s5sitive adju/m5t ( "t values1 a delicate ela/icity or flexibility ( pace--by no means z a dep>ture f ess5tial metrical accuracy4 ,! left h&1 he said to 8 pupil ,von ,l5z1 is ! conductor2 x mu/ n wav] or lose gr\nd2 d ) ! "r h& :at y w & c4 ,he requir$ adh]5ce1 says ano!r pupil1 to ! /ricte/ rhy?m1 hat$ all l+]+ & dragg+1 misplac$ rubatos & exagg]at$ rit>d&os4 ',je v\s prie de v\s asseoir1' he said on su* an occasion1 ) g5tle mock]y4 ,8 av]sion to melodramatic expressiv5ess1 9 :i* ! arti/ surr5d]s himself weakly to a mom5t>y excitem5t1 may be inf]r$ f 8 rem>k on ,liszt's p]=mance ( a ,bee?ov5 sonata3 ,mu/ "o1 h[ev]1 always speak s declamatorily 7si declamatoirem5t78 & f a comm5t on 8 own play+ by ,cram]1 a p$ant :o1 )\t entirely compreh5d+ him1 yet c\ld n b disc]n ! dignity ( 8 art3 ,i d n und]/& him1 b he plays beautifully & correctly1 he does n give way to 8 passion l o!r "y m54 ,f9ally1 if ,*op9 _h really be5 a m]e voluptu>y & s5tim5tali/1 is x likely t he w\ld h compos$ ) su* conc5trat$ int5sity ( labor8 ,he %ut himself up 9 8 room = :ole days1 writes ,george ,s&1 weep+1 walk+1 break+ 8 p5s1 repeat+ & alt]+ a b> a hundr$ times1 writ+ & effac+ x z _m times1 & recomm5c+ ! next day ) a m9ute & desp]ate p]sev]ance4 ,no1 ,*op9 may n be a giant l ,ba*1 or ,moz>t1 or ,h&el1 or ,bee?ov51 b he is a s9c]e & e>ne/ arti/1 :o feels vividly1 & sp>es no pa9s to give 8 feel+s wor?y expression1 & to atta9 a supreme pla/ic beauty4 ,above all1 he is a man ( ! mo/ delicate s5sibility1 ! mo/ discrim9at+ ta/e1 ! mo/ exact+ ideal ( arti/ic p]fection4 ,9 leav+ him1 x is pleasant to att5d less to ! suff]+s to :i* ^! qualities condemn$ him z a man1 ?an to ! a*ievem5ts to :i* !y l$ him z an arti/4 ,?is %ift+ ( emphasis is :at he w\ld himself h desir$1 = 8 aspirations & /&>ds 7 /hetic r ?an e?ical2 he liv$ z he c\ld1 x 0 only 9 compos+ t 8 w 0 free & effici5t2 8 v individuality takes def9ite %ape only 9 ! favor+ m$ium ( musical imag9ation & emotion4 ,9 t firmam5t ( music he w cont9ue to %9e1 a fix$ />1 n p]haps ( ! fir/ magnitude1 b giv+ a wondr\sly cle>1 :ite light1 &1 z he w\ld h wi%$1 9 pe]less solitude4 ,,footnotes3 #bj ,ba*'s ,well-temp]$ ,clavi*ord is an example ( a "w to :i*1 s9ce its beauty is l>gely "o ( l9e1 ! piano _c d ju/ice4 ,see1 = in/ance1 ,prelude ,,iv1 9 ,c-%>p m9or1 9 ! fir/ book1 measures #d-g1 inclusive4 ,! t5or "p1 ( a wond]ful nobility1 is conceal$ by ! m rapidly mov+1 & !re=e on ! piano m sonor\s1 soprano4 ,9 ord] fully to br+ x to our consci\sness we mu/ s+ or o!rwise re9=ce x4 #ba ,s*umann reports ( ,*op9's play+ ( ?is tude3 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake to suppose t he br\ght out e "o ( ! little notes ) di/9ctness2 x 0 m l a bill[+ ( ! ,a-flat major *ord1 swell$ anew "h & !re by means ( ! p$al2 b ?r\gh ! h>monies 7 he>d ! su/a9$ tones ( a wondr\s melody1 & only 9 ! middle ( x did a t5or "p once come into great] prom95ce amid ! *ords1 along ) t pr9cipal cantil5a4 #bb ,( c\rse1 ! am\nt ( dissonance acceptable is n a fix$ quantity1 b increases z ! p]ceptive p[] ( ! e> develops4 #bc ,m d>+ly1 because ! l[] ! pit* ( a dissonant tone1 ! great] ! numb] ( its audible h>monics1 & h5ce ! great] ! degree ( its obscuration ( ! h>mony4 ,ev5 a consonance1 su* z ! major ?ird1 s\nds muddy :5 plac$ 9 ! l[] regi/]4 ,read]s int]e/$ 9 ?is matt] %\ld consult "s conv5i5t h&book ( ac\/ics1 su* z ,broadh\se's ,! ,/ud5t's ,helmholtz1 on ! subjects ( h>monics or p>tial tones1 sympa!tic vibration1 etc41 & ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,:it+'s ,p$al ,/udies1 = a highly sugge/ive discussion ( color 9 piano music4 #bd ,x is1 h[ev]1 int]e/+ to note t1 lavi% z ,*op9's use ( ! p$al seems :5 comp>$ to ! g5]al practice ( 8 "t1 ! fondness = ! turbid & cl\dy colors produc$ by comm+l$ dissonances has gr[n s rapidly t to-day we pref] sometimes ev5 m p$al ?an he gives u4 ,9 ! ,ballade1 opus #eb1 dur+ t brilliant passage :i* deb\*es into ! simple *ords 9 ,b-flat major1 mod]n ta/e w\ld pref] a cont9u\s p$al ?r\gh six measures1 in/ead ( ?r\gh only ?ree1 z ,*op9 has direct$4 ,we %\ld also blur ! elev5? tude m recklessly ?an he does1 & _m o!r in/ances w occur to ! read]4 #be ,s*wrm]is*--vision>y1 imag9ative1 dreamy4 #bf ,?ree ( 8 pieces are d$icat$ to b>onesses1 n9e to c\ntesses1 & f\r to pr9cesses4 #bg ,x is notewor?y t mo/ ( ^! compositions be> opus numb]s high] ?an #dj1 & belong to ! la/ decade ( ! compos]'s life4 #bh ,cf4 also ! subsequ5t1 ev5 m ext5d$1 treatm5t 9 ! sequel4 #bi ,x may be ask$ :y1 possess+ ?is enviable longue hale9e1 ,*op9 did n turn x to bett] advantage 9 writ+ 8 sonatas & conc]tos1 :i* are /ructurally n satisfactory examples ( _! types4 ,9 answ] x may be sugge/$ 7#a7 t 9 ! conc]tos he 0 hamp]$ by ! or*e/ra1 8 te*nique be+ ess5tially piani/ic2 & 7#b7 t 8 melodies1 h[ev] broad 9 scope1 are g5]ally lyrical 9 "*1 & h5ce n adapt$ to symphonic treatm5t4 ,) 8 *>act]i/ic caution1 h[ev]1 he us$ ^! mo/ ext5d$ =ms b sp>+ly2 & 9 ! m rhapsodic long =ms1 su* z ! polonaises & ballades on a l>ge scale1 he is highly successful4 ,,vi ,,hector ,,b]lioz ,illu/ration3 ,,hector ,,b]lioz ,,vi ,,hector ,,b]lioz ,n _m ye>s ago ?ree ,am]icans1 com+1 late "o aft]noon1 9 ! c\rse ( a walk+ t\r 9 nor!rn ,france1 to ! little ca!dral t[n ( ,beauvais1 f\nd its ord9>ily quiet air fill$ ) tumult1 bu/le1 & confusion4 ,! /reets1 gay ) color$ bunt+ & v5d]s' boo?s1 7 ?rong$ ) cr[ds ( m]rymak]s2 ! hum ( insatiable conv]sation 0 ev]y:]e2 no rooms 7 to be _h at ! hotels1 & _! d9+ rooms 7 prempt$ by cr[ds ( m5 9 uni=m1 engag$ 9 an endless r\nd ( toa/s & spee*es4 ,beauvais 01 9 a ^w1 ! sc5e ( a ,gr&e ,fte des ,pompi]s1 or ,firem5's ,fe/ival4 ,! firem5 ( all ! surr\nd+ c\ntry _h assembl$ !re1 _h tak5 possession ( ! t[n1 & _h surr5d]$ !mselves to conviviality & joy4 ,x 0 a spectacle int]e/+ f _m po9ts ( view2 b ! fancy ( ! ,am]ican obs]v]s 0 mo/ ( all /ruck by c]ta9 long /rips ( bunt+ :i* spann$ ! /reets at int]vals1 be>+ 9 l>ge lett]s ! leg5d1 ,honneur aux victimes du devoir4 ,?is1 x seem$ to !m1 0 ! note 9 ?is motley symphony mo/ p]fectly1 inimitably1 & delici\sly ,fr5*4 ,^! fe/ive firem51 9 ! mid/ ( _! jollifications1 did n =get = a mom5t t x 0 _! pr\d privilege to /& be=e ! _w1 s long z cognac all[$ !m to /& at all1 z ! honor$ victims ( duty4 ,"o h>dly knew :e!r to smile at _! +5u\sness1 or to ?rill 9 sympa?y ) _! emotion1 :i*1 h[ev] !atrical1 0 p]fectly s9c]e2 on consid]ation "o did bo?4 ,some?+ ( ! qu&>y ( ^! ,am]ican obs]v]s ( ! v ,gallic firem5 ( ,beauvais mu/ p]haps always be exp]i5c$ by ! ,anglo-,saxon :o tries to und]/& ! ,fr5* attitude t[>d life or art1 s ess5tially diff]5t are ! two types ( temp]am5t4 ,x is h>d = ! /olid1 matt]-(-fact1 ins5sitive1 self-satisfi$ ,anglo-,saxon1 s+ly set ^u 8 bus9ess1 indiff]5t to :at ! _w may ?9k ( him1 to compreh5d ! subtleties & indirections ( ! ,gaul1 :o conceives p]sonal conduct z an actor conceives a rle1 sp>es no pa9s or labor to d ju/ice to 8 "p1 & fe$s on ! applause or />ves on ! indiff]5ce ( 8 audi5ce4 ,to y\r ,engli%man or ,am]ican su* an ideal seems trivial1 artificial4 ,8 s5se ( humor1 a faculty 9 :i* x mu/ be confess$ t ! ,fr5*1 = all _! wit1 are defici5t1 seizes at once ^u ! incongruities t mu/ always exi/ betwe5 an ord9>y human life & a hi/rionically conceiv$ rle1 & 9 8 amusem5t he (t5 fails to d ju/ice to ! intellig5ce1 imag9ation1 & c\rage t may be br\ght into play by su* a dramatic ex]cise4 ,possibly to a high] po9t ( view 8 own attitude1 :i* he likes to call practical1 & :i* less fri5dly critics sometimes call /upid1 might seem ess5tially no bett] ?an ! playful *ivalry ( 8 fell[4 ,su* ?\ghts z ^! are b\nd to occur to ! c&id critic ( t s+ul> man1 t qu9tess5tial ,fr5*man1 ,hector ,b]lioz4 ,on fir/ acqua9tance he seems a creature ( po/ures & pret5ce1 gr&iloqu5t1 artificial1 speci\s4 ,he resorts to any means to make an impression1 keeps 8 "n be=e ! public by j\rnalism1 by social ecc5tricities1 by ,byronic love-affairs1 by all mann] ( +5i\s indirect adv]tis+1 ?rives only 9 ! smile ( ! public1 & writes mu* less to express an inn] conception ( beauty ?an to dazzle1 />tle1 & /un4 ,he seems to make a religion ( idiosyncrasy1 & to %r9k f no?+ b ! natural4 ,he lives1 speaks1 writes1 composes1 only 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 c>efully laid plot to be unprec$5t$4 ,b !n1 z "o /udies him m1 "o beg9s to f9d admirable traits "u ?is fanta/ic ext]ior4 ,h[ev] artificial 8 ideal may be1 he br+s a mo/ vivid & _m-sid$ intellig5ce to its s]vice2 9 spite ( ! opposition to ! _w 9 :i* 8 excessive individuality places him1 8 /ock ( good-nature & ( half-ironical1 half-k9dly wit is inexhau/ible2 & if he does n wor%ip at an or?odox %r9e1 he c suff]1 & endure1 & /rive1 l a true m>tyr4 ,& s ,b]lioz's critic1 l ! ,am]icans at ,beauvais1 f9ally decides to smile at & at ! same "t to admire him4 ,hector ,b]lioz1 born ,decemb] #aa1 #ahjc1 at ,la ,cte ,/4 ,&r1 a small t[n 9 s\?-ea/]n ,france1 began 8 long /ruggle ) ! _w :51 9 8 n9ete5? ye>1 9 ,p>is1 :i!r 8 p>5ts _h s5t him to become a doctor l 8 fa!r1 he resolv$ to ab&on ! /udy ( m$ic9e = t ( music4 ,x 0 a d>+1 inde$ a ra%1 resolve1 wor?y ( a born diss5t] l ,b]lioz2 = n only 7 all ext]nal =ces cle>ly 9 league to keep him 9 ! beat5 pa?1 b 8 vocation = music 0 z yet f> f obvi\s4 ,he play$ only ! flageolet1 ! flute1 & ! guit>2 8 k ( h>mony 0 ( ! slighte/2 & he himself tells u 9 8 autobiography t he _h nev] se5 a full score1 b t "o day :5 he f\nd a %eet ( pap] rul$ ) tw5ty-five /aves he realiz$ 9 a mom5t ! wondr\s in/rum5tal & vocal comb9ations to :i* !y might give rise1 & cri$ out1 ',:at an or*e/ral "w "o might write on t6' ,! impulse 0 !re1 if ! te*nique 0 want+2 & :5 ! "y m$ical /ud5t *anc$ to he> a p]=mance ( ,gluck's ,iphignie en ,tauride1 8 sm\ld]+ en?usiasm bur/ at once into unqu5*able flame1 & he resolv$ at all haz>ds to become a musician4 ,he introduc$ himself to ,lesueur1 pr(essor ( composition at ! ,cons]vatoire1 ) a cantata 9 :i* !re 7 _m blund]s 9 h>mony1 b a good deal ( dramatic p[] also1 & on ! /r5g? ( x became 8 pupil4 ,he /udi$ ! scores ( ,gluck's op]as 9 ! ,cons]vatoire libr>y4 ,) *>act]i/ic audacity he propos$ to ! ag$ ,&rieux1 lectur] on lit]ature 9 ! s*ool ( m$ic9e1 t he %\ld write = him an op]a libretto1 b receiv$ a c\rte\s refusal4 ,he did n hesitate to borr[ twelve hundr$ francs f a fri5d z a means ( produc+ at ! *ur* ( ,sa9t-,ro* a mass he _h writt54 ,& all ?is "t he 0 rais+ ob/acles = himself by 8 en?usia/ic impulsiv5ess & 8 utt] lack ( tact & worldly discretion4 ,! /ory ( 8 fir/ meet+ ) ,*]ub9i1 a man ( f>-rea*+ influ5ce z ! director ( ! ,cons]vatoire1 w s]ve z an example4 ,*]ub9i1 :o 0 a cold & =mal precisian1 _h made a /rict rul+ t ! male & female read]s at ! ,cons]vatoire libr>y %\ld ent] by diff]5t doors4 ,b]lioz did n see ! notice1 ent]$ by ! wom5's door1 & imm$iately buri$ himself 9 ! score ( ,alce/e4 ,pres5tly he 0 recall$ to ?is _w by f9d+ ,*]ub9i /&+ beside him1 a ?91 cadav]\s figure ) a pale face1 tumbl$ hair1 & fi]ce1 gleam+ eyes4 ,!n arose an angry alt]cation1 end$ by ! director's ord]+ ! port] to eject ! (f5d+ /ud5t1 & a lively *ase among ! desks4 ,b]lioz1 rea*+ ! door1 only /opp$ to ann\nce to ! enrag$ ,*]ub9i t he 0 soon com+ back to /udy ,gluck aga94 ,he did s2 b he nev] conciliat$ ! ill-w ( 8 p[]ful enemy1 :o f t day lo/ no opportunity to fru/rate 8 ambitions4 ,x 0 inde$ 8 failure to w9 "o ( ! ,cons]vatoire prizes1 :i* lo/ = him ! c\nt5ance ( 8 p>5ts & plung$ him into _m mis=tunes4 ,8 "m at ?is "t ?rew him (f entirely1 9 ang] = :i* !re 0 mu* ju/ification2 8 fa!r1 m pati5t1 all[$ him a p]iod ( probation1 aft] :i*1 if he c\ld n %[ himself a successful musician1 he 0 to return to ! /udy ( m$ic9e4 ,?us put ^u 8 mettle1 he r5t$ a closet ( a room up five flights ( /airs1 liv$ on bread1 rais9s1 prunes1 & dates1 & ek$ out 8 all[ance by tak+ pupils on ! guit> & ! flute1 & 9 solfeggio4 ,9 ?is way he ev5 manag$ to pay half ( 8 debt to ! fri5d :o _h help$ him produce 8 mass4 ,b alas6 ?is man1 z c>eless & devoid ( tact z ,b]lioz himself1 !n wrote to ! fa!r ! /ory ( ! loan1 reque/+ a paym5t 9 full4 ,:o c wond] t ,dr4 ,b]lioz1 8 tol]ation at la/ exhau/$1 ^u pay+ ! balance ( ! debt cut (f entirely ! all[ance8 ,n ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 w\ld ,b]lioz accept defeat1 b1 gett+ a po/ z *orus s+] 9 "o ( ! small !atres1 cont9u$ ! /ruggle to atta9 ! prize on :i* s mu* dep5d$4 ,c\ld he b ga9 ! ,prix de ,rome1 he w\ld be assur$ an annuity ( ?ree ?\s& francs = five ye>s1 ! fir/ two to be sp5t 9 ! ,fr5* ,academy at ,rome1 ! ?ird 9 ,g]many1 & ! la/ two at home3 he w\ld be free to /udy & compose at leisure1 he c\ld %[ ! _w & 8 p>5ts :at 0 9 him4 ,! subject prescrib$ = ! competition 9 #ahbf 0 ! dea? ( ,orpheus1 on :i* he proce$$ to wreak himself ) an ardor we c well imag9e4 ,! result 0 t 8 bac*anal sc5e 0 pron\nc$ unplayable by ! m$iocre piani/ provid$ to play ! pieces to ! jury4 ,b]lioz 0 furi\s--& mo/ ( all1 *>act]i/ically1 at ! inju/ice done 8 or*e/ration4 ,! piano1 he cries1 at once r$uces all compos]s to ! same level1 & places ! clev]1 pr(\nd1 +5i\s in/rum5tali/ on ! same plat=m ) ! ignorant dunce :o kn[s no?+ ( ?is bran* ( 8 art4 ,! piano is a guillot9e1 & sev]s ! head ( noble or ( *url ) ! same imp>tial indiff]5ce4 ,z ! "t ( ! next trial approa*$1 ,b]lioz ) 8 usual impolitic frankness made su* a nuisance ( himself1 by criticis+ 9 a l\d voice1 f ! pit ( ! op]a h\se1 ! lib]ties tak5 ) ! scores ( ! great ma/]s1 t he 0 deb>r$ altoge!r by ! sc&aliz$ au?orities4 ,9 #ahbh1 miss+ ! fir/ prize by two votes1 "o ( !m ,*]ub9i's1 he obta9$ ! second prize1 consi/+ ( a laurel wrea?1 a n v valuable gold m$al1 & a free pass to ! op]a-h\se4 ,/ill inv9cible1 he prep>$ himself to /orm once m ! p$antry ( ! judges2 he did 8 be/1 b1 9 ! words ( ,boeldieu1 !y f\nd 8 be/ too good1 & 9 #ahbi ! prize 0 n aw>d$ at all4 ,x 0 n until #ahcj t1 at la/ le>n+ by exp]i5ce1 he wrote 8 cantata ( ,s>danapalus 9 ! drye/ & mo/ cons]vative /yle he c\ld compass1 leav+ out altoge!r ! conflagration sc5e1 :i* might h prov$ unplayable1 & at any rate w\ld h di/urb$ ! tranquillity ( ! judges4 ,discretion won ! day2 ! prize 0 aw>d$ him1 & he 0 free to dep>t = ,rome1 & to f9i% 8 cantata to 8 own satisfaction1 :i* we may be sure he lo/ no "t 9 do+4 ,9 ! meantime1 z if ^! /ruggles 7 n en\gh to engage all 8 en]gies1 he _h be5 busy play+ ! fir/ sc5e ( t love-trag$y1 or melodrama1 or f>ce--"o h>dly kn[s :at to call x--:i* end$ by jo9+ him 9 uneasy & brief w$lock ) ,h5riette ,smi?son1 an ,iri% actress4 ,x is h>d to tell h[ f> ! ?roes ( 8 v ,gallic he>t 7 g5u9e1 h[ f> !y 7 manufactur$ by 8 susceptible fancy1 8 lit]>y imag9ation1 & 8 ke5 s5se = dramatic effect4 ,!re is ev] ab\t ,b]lioz a trace ( ! little boy play+ pirate *ief2 he goes ?r\gh life ) some?+ ( t y\?ful ec/asy ( make-believe2 & :5 he tells u ( 8 passions = ,mdlles4 ,s----1 ,r----1 & ,m----1 :5 he enum]ates 8 ?rills1 commemorates 8 te>s1 & confides 8 plans = capture1 flight1 suicide1 or d\ble murd]1 we wond] :e!r he really felt all ?is1 or is m]ely conv9c$1 z a poet & j\rnali/1 t he ought ?us to h act$4 ,x 0 9 #ahbg t ,b]lioz fir/ beheld 8 future wife1 :o 0 act+ ,%akespe>e at ! ,odon 9 a tr\pe ( ,engli% play]s4 ,( ! effect ( h] ,juliet ^u him he writes1 ,aft] ! ?ird act1 h>dly brea?+1 9 pa9 z if a h& ( iron 7 squeez+ at my he>t1 ,i said to myself1 ) ! fulle/ conviction3 ',ah6 ,i am lo/4' ,did he make any attempt to meet ! lady ^: beauty & g5ius _h s s+ul>ly affect$ him8 ,n he2 su* a c\rse w\ld h be5 pa9fully commonplace1 a t]rible desc5t f poetry to prose4 ,he foll[$ h] ab\t ) gaunt eyes & di%evell$ mi51 s t1 believ+ him mad1 %e ask$ h] fri5ds = protection4 ,he lo/ himself 9 melan*oly rev]y1 he roam$ ab\t ! /reets at night1 9 su* despair t on "o occasion ,liszt & ,*op9 foll[$ him1 fe>+ he might kill himself4 ,!n he ralli$ 8 =ces 9 a great resolve2 he w\ld w9 8 indiff]5t mi/ress by 8 art2 he w\ld give a conc]t ( 8 own works1 & %e %\ld he> x4 ,i w %[ h]1 he cri$1 =gett+ 9 8 en?usiasm t %e _h no e> = music1 t ,i too am an arti/4 ,aft] h]oic labors & economies 7= x 0 at ?is "t t he 0 support+ himself by s++ 9 ! !atre *orus1 & he _h to "w sixte5 h\rs a day copy+ in/rum5tal p>ts71 aft] endless /ruggles ) 8 conductor1 :o did n und]/& ! music1 & ) ,*]ub9i1 :o refus$ him ! only available conc]t hall1 he succe$$ 9 br++ (f ! conc]t1 only to f9d t ,miss ,smi?son did n he> ( x at all4 ,%ortly aft]w>d %e left ,france = "s ye>s4 ,disconsolate1 ,b]lioz turn$ = com=t to a c]ta9 ,mademoiselle ,mooke1 to :om he became engag$ 9 #ahcj1 soon aft] w9n+ ! ,prix de ,rome4 ,?is affair1 h[ev]1 w5t little m smoo?ly ?an ! o!r1 = h>dly _h he arriv$ 9 ,italy be=e he receiv$ a lett] f ,madame ,mooke1 in=m+ him t h] daught] _h m>ri$ ,m4 ,pleyel4 ,8 rle 0 ?us sudd5ly *ang$ to t ( ! ab&on$ lov]1 ?ir/+ = rev5ge2 & x mu/ be conc$$ t he ent]$ ^u x ) 8 usual arti/ic en?usiasm4 ,two te>s ( rage />t$ f my eyes1 & my m9d 0 made up on ! spot4 ,i meant to fly to ,p>is1 :]e ,i _h two guilty wom5 & "o innoc5t man--"o sees t magnanimity 0 a "p ( ! rle--to kill )\t m]cy4 ,z = kill+ myself aft]w>ds1 y c well believe t t 0 indisp5sable4 ,behold him1 !n1 9 ,flor5ce1 supply+ himself ) two d\ble-b>rell$ pi/ols1 two vials ( refre%m5t1 su* z laudanum & /ry*n9e1 &1 z a disguise1 ! entire co/ume ( a lady's-maid--no less--dress1 bonnet1 gre5 veil1 & all4 ,behold him hesitat+ b "o mom5t1 j long en\gh to write ^u ! unf9i%$ score ( ! ,ball ,sc5e 9 8 ,symphonie ,fanta/ique directions z to h[1 if ! "w is play$ 9 8 abs5ce1 ! flute "p may be d\bl$ ) ! cl>9ets & horns4 ,behold him1 aft] ?is lucid int]val1 travell+ to ,g5oa1 :]e he ei!r attempts suicide by dr[n+ or falls into ! wat] & is fi%$ out by by/&]s--8 acc\nt is some:at ambigu\s--& :]e he buys a second lady's-maid's co/ume1 hav+ abs5t-m9d$ly left ! fir/ "o 9 ! coa*4 ,& !n1 ) 8 arrival at ,nice1 he feels t he has done 8 duty by ! "p ( ! wrong$ lov]1 he feels t x w\ld be a pity to deprive ! _w ( 8 /ill unwritt5 compositions2 y\? pleads ! *>m ( life1 ! beauty ( ! ,italian l&scape1 & prud5ce sugge/s a brief note to ! director ( ! ,academy at ,rome1 provid+ = a possible return to ! fold4 ,i /op 9 ,nice a :ole mon?1 w&]+ ?r\gh ! orange groves1 div+ 9 ! sea1 sleep+ on ! m\nta9 hea?s4444 ,i live :olly alone1 & write ! ov]ture to ',k+ ,le>4' ,i s+1 ,i believe 9 ,god4 ,convalesc5ce has set 94 ,x is ?us1 he +5u\sly concludes 8 acc\nt ( ?is episode1 t ,i pass$ 9 ,nice ! tw5ty happie/ days ( my life4 ,on return+ to ,p>is1 9 #ahcb1 & f9d+ ,miss ,smi?son aga9 play+ !re1 ,b]lioz tri$ aga91 & ?is "t ) success1 ! device ( giv+ a conc]t ( 8 own works4 ,8 ,symphonie ,fanta/ique & its sequel ,lelio1 a monodrama ) recitation1 7 giv5 entire4 ,:atev] might be h] ignorance ( music1 ,miss ,smi?son c\ld h>dly fail to div9e ! ref]5ce to h]self ( a typical passage 9 ! text ( ,lelio3 ,o t ,i c\ld f9d h]1 ! ,juliet1 ! ,ophelia1 t my he>t calls to4 ,t ,i c\ld dr9k 9 ! intoxication ( t m+l$ joy & sadness t only true love kn[s6 ,c\ld ,i b re/ 9 h] arms "o autumn ev5+1 rock$ by ! nor? w9d on "s wild hea?1 & sleep my la/1 sad sleep6 ,?is some:at florid woo+ 0 effective2 on ! day aft] ! conc]t ! oddly assort$ pair met = ! fir/ "t1 & 9 ! foll[+ summ] 7 m>ri$4 ,9 tak+ ?is d>+ /ep ,b]lioz seems = once to h manfully =gott5 8 audi5ce & 8 dramatic unities1 & to h act$ q simply & f ! he>t4 ,8 ,ophelia 0 no long] a favorite ( ! public2 %e 0 n[ neglect$ & deeply 9 debt2 %e _h _h ! mis=tune to break h] leg 9 /epp+ f h] c>riage1 an accid5t :i* ?reat5$ to end h] c>e] on ! /age2 h] p>5ts1 z well z 8 own1 7 bitt]ly oppos$ to ! mat*4 ,9 spite ( all1 ,b]lioz m>ri$ h]1 & made no lit]>y mat]ial out ( ! ev5t except to weave ab\t x "o ( 8 incisive anti!ses3 ,on ! day ( our w$d+ %e _h no?+ b debts2 ,i1 = my "p1 _h ?ree hundr$ francs 444 & _h qu>rell$ aga9 ) my p>5ts4 ,b %e 0 m9e1 ,i bade defiance to ev]y?+4 ,x is mu* to 8 cr$it1 too1 t :5 8 wife 0 ill1 he q simply set aside a symphony at :i* he 0 work+1 & wrote feuilletons 9 ord] to make m money = h]4 ,b ! "o ?+ to :i* ,b]lioz c\ld nev] effectually bid defiance 0 ! radical incon/ancy ( 8 own temp]am5t4 ,once captur$ & dome/icat$1 8 ,ophelia began to prove dull2 ! "p ( husb& gave little play to 8 romantic capacities2 & :5 he took less & less pa9s to disguise 8 bor$om1 %e became jeal\s ev5 to %rewi%ness4 ,pres5tly he s\ght di/raction 9 ! lea/ cr$itable ( all 8 am\rs4 ,if ! ,smi?son affair _h be5 drama1 or at ! lea/ melodrama1 & ! ,mooke episode h>mless com$y1 ! liaison ) ,mademoiselle ,recio1 aside f its tragic results1 0 broad f>ce4 ,?is lady 0 a second-rate vocali/ ) an insatiable ambition to s+ ,b]lioz's works1 9 ord] to defeat :i* he _h (t5 to resort to ignom9i\s flight1 cov]$ by petty prev>ication4 ,8 devotion to h] _c h result$ 9 mu* happ9ess1 & x entirely ali5at$ him f 8 wife1 f :om he sep>at$ ab\t #ahdj4 ,nev]!less1 :5 %e di$ 9 #ahed1 he promptly m>ri$ ?is ,mademoiselle ,recio1 ) :om he liv$ 9 uneasy p>tn]%ip = eight ye>s4 ,"o ( ! /range/ in/ances ( 8 morbid appetite = effect at any co/1 ( ! habit ( po/ur+ & p>ad+ 8 emotions :i* rul$ him ev5 9 matt]s :i* %\ld be mo/ private & sacr$1 is ! passage 9 ! autobiography 9 :i* he describes1 ) a ,poe-l ze/ = revolt+ detail1 ! reburial ( 8 fir/ wife beside ! second 9 ! cemet]y ( ,mont-,m>tre4 ,! incr$ible passage ne$ n be quot$ 9 detail1 b ends ) ?is s5t5ce1 9 :i* ! egotism ( ! s5tim5tali/ /&s z nak$ z x is una%am$3 ,! two dep>t$ ones re/ "h 9 peace sic to ?is h\r1 await+ ! "t :5 ,i %all br+ my own portion ( rott5ness to t *>nel-h\se4 ,?is is an extreme in/ance ( ! po/ur+1 ! attitud9iz+1 ! gr&iloqu5ce & rhetoric1 to :i* ,b]lioz is always tempt$ m or less 9 8 acc\nts ( 8 p]sonal do+s & feel+s4 ,he does n wilfully misrepres5t1 b he balks at ! grayness ( m]e fact2 he is n exactly a li>1 b 8 romantic imag9ation simply _c envisage ! commonplace2 involunt>ily he suppresses "h1 di/orts or exagg]ates !re1 9 ord] t 8 /ory may h ! spectacul> vividness1 ! dramatic clat1 :i* alone c satisfy him4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5ev]1 treat+ ( g5]al topics1 z he does 9 ! ,soires d',or*e/re1 ! ,a ,trav]s ,*ants1 & ! ,grotesques de la ,musique1 he c avoid ! pitfall ( ! confid5tial1 he is "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ ( writ]s4 ,"h 8 in/9ct = ! sali5t leads him to put ev]y?+ 9 ! mo/ vivid1 captivat+ way1 b )\t p]v]sion2 "o no long] has ! uncom=table s5se ( be+ hoax$1 & c give oneself up to ! enjoym5t ( 8 ri* play ( metaphor & allusion1 8 subtle irony1 8 unfail+ good-nature1 & 8 n]v\s1 incisive /yle4 ,"h1 9 %ort1 8 extraord9>y intellectual vivacity is reveal$ at its be/1 undegrad$ by be+ made to s]ve ^? pos+s :i*1 if n precisely di%one/1 are /ill n q +5u\s4 ,8 description1 = example1 ( ! ma*9ations ( ! claqueurs or hir$ applaud]s at ! op]a h\se1 kn[n 9 ,p>isian slang z ,romans1 9 ! sev5? & eigh? ev5+s ( ! ,soires d',or*e/re1#cj des]ves a ni*e ( its own 9 ! lit]ature ( satire4 ,aft] writ+ at "s l5g? de viris illu/ribus urbis ,romae1 he goes on to enum]ate ! amateurs :o swell ! ranks ( ! claque1 z foll[s3-- ,!y are3 simple fri5ds1 :o admire 9 good fai? all t is to be done on ! /age be=e ! lamps are light$2 relations1 ^? claqueurs giv5 by nature2 editors1 f]oci\s claqueurs2 & especially lov]s & husb&s4 ,t is :y wom51 besides ! ho/ ( o!r advantages !y h ov] m51 h /ill "o m *ance ( success ?an !y4 ,= a woman c h>dly applaud h] husb& or lov] to any purpose 9 a !atre or conc]t room2 besides1 %e always has some?+ else to d2 :ile ! husb& or lov]1 provid$ he has ! lea/ natural capacity or "s elem5t>y notions ( ! art1 c (t5 br+ ab\t a success ( r5ewal at ! !atre4444 ,husb&s are bett] ?an lov]s = ?is sort ( op]ation4 ,! latt] usually /& 9 fe> ( ridicule2 !y also fe> 9 petto t a too brilliant success may make too _m rivals2 !y no long] h any pecuni>y int]e/ 9 ! triumphs ( _! mi/resses4 ,b ! husb&1 :o holds ! purse-/r+s1 :o kn[s :at c be done by a well-?r[n b\quet1 a well tak5-up salvo1 a well-communicat$ emotion1 a well-c>ri$ recall1 he alone d>es to turn to acc\nt :at faculties he has4 ,he has ! gift ( v5triloquism & ( ubiquity4 ,he applauds = an in/ant f ! amphi!atre1 cry+ out3 ,brava6 9 a t5or voice1 9 *e/ tones2 !nce he flies to ! lobby ( ! fir/ boxes1 & /ick+ 8 head ?r\gh ! op5+ cut 9 ! door1 he ?r[s out an ,admirable6 9 a voice ( basso pr(undo :ile pass+ by1 & !n b\nds brea?less up to ! ?ird ti]1 f :5ce he makes ! h\se res\nd ) exclamations3 ',delici\s6 ravi%+6 ,heav5s6 :at tal5t6 x is too mu*6' 9 a soprano voice1 9 %rill fem99e tones /ifl$ ) emotion4 ,!re is a model husb& = y1 & a h>d-work+ & intellig5t fa!r ( a family4 ,! impression ( p>adox s m>k$ly giv5 by ,b]lioz's prose writ+s1 9 :i* su* insight1 wit1 & good humor z we h "h coexi/ ) ! t5d5cy to pose reveal$ 9 8 acc\nts ( 8 love affairs1 is int5sifi$ by 8 musical compositions4 ,9 !m also he seems actuat$ by a desire1 n to communicate 8 real feel+s 9 _! simplicity1 b to project !m into a dramatic conception1 & to pres5t t ) all ! pomp & circum/ance ( :i* he is capable4 ,n tru? to inn] exp]i5ce1 b vividness ( ext]nal effect1 is 8 ideal4 ,yet to ! s]vice ( ?is ideal he br+s admirable intellectual qualities3 +5uity1 res\rcefulness1 imag9ation1 an orig9ality t scorns all platitude1 &1 at lea/ 9 ! matt] ( in/rum5tation1 a mat*less te*nical skill4 ,! brilliant p]=mance ( r speci\s und]tak+s--t is ,b]lioz's arti/ic cue4 ,?is comb9ation ( trivial ends ) highly clev] means may be illu/rat$ by ! ,symphonie ,fanta/ique1 a "w :i*1 ?\gh writt5 e>ly 9 8 c>e]1 rema9s "o ( 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic productions4 ,h[ diff]5t1 to beg9 )1 are ! inspirations :i* a romantici/ & a reali/ d]ive f ! passion ( love6 ,s*umann1 m>ri$ to ,cl>a ,wieck aft] ye>s ( wait+1 utt]s 8 joy 9 a s]ies ( songs1 ! mo/ lyrical1 ! mo/ intimate1 t song lit]ature has to %[4 ,*op91 9 an amor\s rev]y1 writes 9 ! l>ghetto ( ! ,f-m9or ,conc]to "o ( ! quiete/1 simple/1 mo/ dev\t ( all 8 pieces4 ,b]lioz1 on ! contr>y1 is goad$ by ! ?\ght ( 8 ,ophelia to conceive a "y musician ( unheal?ily s5sitive nature1 :o has poison$ himself ) opium 9 a p>oxysm ( love-sick despair1 & to c>ry ?is h]o ?r\gh a v detail$ drama 9 five acts4#ca ,8 impulse is1 9 %ort1 reali/ic r ?an lyrical1 & ! art 9 :i* he embodies x is descriptive & n>rative r ?an emotionally expressive4 ,! mo/ important te*nical result ( ?is reali/ic attitude is t ,b]lioz1 z we h already not$1 treats 8 melodies1 n z mat]ials = a purely musical developm5t1 b z symbols ( *>act]s or o!r dramatic motives1 !reby anticipat+ ! leit-motif idea :i* lat] became s prom95t 9 ! "w ( ,wagn] & ,liszt4 ,! c5tral motive 9 ! ,symphonie ,fanta/ique is ! melody kn[n z l'ide fixe1 symboliz+ ! belov$1 r\ghly transcrib$ = ! piano 9 ,figure ,,xxiv4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xxiv4 ,?is melody1 ?\gh x appe>s 9 ea* ( ! five movem5ts1 und]goes b little evolution2 x is complete 9 ! fir/ place1 & 9 its lat] phases is (t5 modifi$ h>dly at all1 or if s *iefly = dramatic reasons4 ,9 ! ,ball ,sc5e two phrases ( x are s\nd$ pianissimo1 by ! cl>9et1 j aft] a s\nd+ climax ( ! full or*e/ra1#cb to indicate ! h]o's remembrance ( ! belov$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! fe/ivities4 ,9 ! ?ird movem5t1 ,9 ! ,c\ntry1 x is giv5 to ! oboe & flute 7full score1 p4 #ff71 & is treat$ some:at m +5i\sly1 its fif? phrase be+ int]rupt$ by a r\gh tumult 9 all ! /r+s4 ,9 ,! ,procession to ! ,/ake x figures purely z a !atrical prop]ty 9 a highly *>act]i/ic & amus+ passage4 ,! h]o has f9i%$ 8 long m>* to ! place ( execution2 z he puts 8 head on ! block sil5ce desc5ds ^u ! sc5e1 & !n a s+le cl>9et plays f\r measures ( ! !me--,ah6 he ?9ks ( h] once m--b ! ?\ght is cut %ort by a bl[ ( ! axe 7=tissimo *ord1 tutti7 & ! dea?-rattle 7tremol&o on ?ree kettle-drums7 ends ! movem5t & 8 life toge!r4 ,only 9 ! la/ movem5t1 ! fr5etic ,wit*es' ,sabba?1 is ! !me really v>i$4 ,"h1 at p4 #ajb1 x appe>s z 9 ,figure ,,xxv1 turn$ by *ange ( rhy?m & ! addition ( ornam5t into a grotesque1 undignifi$ dance tune4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xxv4 ,?is is c]ta9ly clev]1 b ! inc5tive1 we mu/ rememb]1 is /ill dramatic r ?an musical--x is int5d$ to %[ ! lov$ "o degrad$ to ! horrid =m ( a wit*4 ,!re are _m o!r subord9ate features ( ! te*nique 9 :i* may be disc]n$ ! same preoccupation ) spectacul> effect r ?an ) musical beauty4 ,! m]e noise resort$ to by ! compos] 9 tun+ 8 drums 9 ! ?ird movem5t1 9 ord] to imitate ?und]1 has already be5 m5tion$2#cc !re is a deal ( ev5 m *aotic p&emonium 9 ! la/ two movem5ts4 ,:5 ! h>monies are 9 !mselves consonant1 !y are sometimes comb9$ s incongru\sly z to oblit]ate all s5se ( tonality & to g5]ate m]ely a feel+ ( ha/e & confusion1 z at page #id 9 ! score1 :]e ! *ords ( ,d-flat-major & ,g-m9or tread on "o ano!r's heels2 s unprec$5t$ 0 ?is association ( remote h>monies t ,b]lioz ?\ght x necess>y to po9t out 9 a foot-note t x 0 no cl]ical error1 & to beg ! viol9s & violas n to correct _! p>ts4 ,ev5 ! s*ola/ic & highly =mal device ( ! fugato he treats ) ! sang froid ( ! habitual impressioni/ 9 t weird section ( ! ,wit*es' ,sabba? 9 :i* he makes a sort ( devil's fugue1 lo/ 9 limbo1 on ! rhy?m ( ! wit*es' r\nd dance 7score1 p4 #acb74 ,yet h[ rem>kable is ! skill ) :i* he works out 8 s p]v]se ideal6 ,8 melodies1 h[ev] !y may lack lyrical quality1 are always ( def9ite cont\r & arre/+ individuality1 & frequ5tly ( an odd half-insidi\s1 half-*all5g+ appeal4 ,?\gh ,mr4 ,had['s *>ge t "t aft] "t he ru9s 8 cause by subord9at+ beauty to emphasis1 & is s anxi\s to impress t he =gets h[ to *>m is und\bt$ly j1 yet equally true is 8 fur!r rem>k t 8 s5se ( rhy?m 01 at ! "t :5 he liv$1 )\t p>allel 9 ! hi/ory ( music4 ,?anks to ?is s5se ( rhy?m he entirely avoid$ ^? wall-pap] patt]ns :i* make mu* ( ! music ( romanticism s =mally monoton\s1 & he atta9$ (t5 a spl5didly complex1 ?\gh g5]ally slightly me*anical1 organization ( phrases4 ,! ide fixe is a good example ( ?is prosodic ela/icity4 ,x consi/s ( an eight-measure phrase balanc$ by "o ( sev5 measures1 f\r phrases ( f\r measures ea* 9 climactic sequ5ce1 & a codetta made up ( a pair ( two-measure phrases & a f9al phrase ( five measures2 & ) all ?is v>iety1 ! unity ( ! tune z a :ole is unimpea*able4 ,! melody ( ! song ,la ,captive 7see ,figure ,,xxvi7 is mo/ fasc9at+ 9 its irregul> regul>ity1 9 ! p]fect naturalness ) :i* ?ree-measure & two-measure gr\ps alt]nate & int]tw9e4 ,9 fact1 ,b]lioz is a ma/] ( :at 9 poetry we call v]sification4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xxvi4 ,8 skill 9 or*e/ration is notori\s4 ,b]lioz claims att5tion fir/ & =emo/1 says "o critic1 z a ma/] ( or*e/ration1 p]haps ! mo/ +5i\s & v]satile among all mod]n compos]s2#cd & ano!r ranks him ) ,bee?ov51 ,wagn]1 & ,dvok z "o ( ! f\r greate/ ma/]s ( in/rum5tation ! _w has ev] se54#ce ,un=tunately ev5 9 ?is dep>tm5t he c\ld n entirely resi/ t crav+ = s5sationalism :i* 0 ! *>act]i/ic vice ( 8 temp]am5t2 s t 8 "n has become associat$ 9 _m m9ds ) m]ely noisy or ecc5tric effects t are f> f repres5t+ him at 8 be/4 ,he lov$ to pile ,pelion ^u ,ossa1 scor$ 8 ,requiem = sixte5 trombones1 sixte5 trumpets1 five ophicleides1 twelve horns1 eight pairs ( kettle-drums1 two bass drums1 & a gong1 9 addition to ! usual res\rces1 & told ) pride ( its hav+ fright5$ "o ( ! li/5]s into a fit4 ,he 0 frequ5tly ralli$ = :at ,mr4 ,nordau w\ld call 8 megalomania4 ,pr9ce ,mett]ni*1 he tells u 9 8 memoirs1 said to me "o day3 ',are y n ! man1 monsieur1 :o composes music = five hundr$ p]=m]s8' ,to :i* ,i repli$3 ',n always1 monseigneur2 ,i sometimes write = f\r hundr$ & fifty4' ,love ( ! biz>re & ! unusual l$ him (t5 to employ r>e in/rum5ts1 or to use ! ord9>y ones 9 freaki% ways4 ,! h>p1 ! ,engli% horn1 & ! cornet figure frequ5tly 9 8 scores1 & he likes to direct t ! horns be put 9 bags1 t ! cymbal be susp5d$ & /ruck ) a /ick1 t ! drums be play$ ) /icks cov]$ ) sponge4 ,9 "o in/ance he v5tures a duet betwe5 a piccolo & a bass trombone4 ,he describes1 9 a lett] f ,g]many1 a trick by :i* a trombone play] s\nds f\r tones at once1 & adds 9 all s]i\sness3 ,ac\/icians ought to expla9 ?is new ph5om5on 9 ! resonance ( sonor\s tubes2 we musicians ought to /udy x ?or\ghly & turn x to acc\nt :5 ! opportunity pres5ts itself4 ,he 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ indefatigable *ampions ( ! valve horns & trumpets made by ,sax ( ,p>is1 & also1 by a less happy inspiration1 made propag&a = ! cornet pi/ons1 :i* is 9 comp>ison ) its noble c\s91 ! trumpet1 a mo/ vulg> in/rum5t4 ,he 0 a d>+1 b n always a cauti\s1 innovator1 frequ5tly seem+ to set a high] value ^u novelty ?an ^u inh]5t wor?4 ,illu/ration3 score ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xxvii4 ,8 real claim to di/9ction z a ma/] ( ! or*e/ra1 h[ev]1 re/s n ^u 8 extravagances1 b ^u 8 wond]fully delicate1 un]r+ in/9ct = ! capacities ( ! common in/rum5ts = tone color1 bo? alone & 9 comb9ation4 ,x has be5 well said ( him t he ?\ght or*e/rally1 t ) him ! tone color 0 an ess5tial "p ( ! orig9al design4 ,! !mes ( ! ,dance ( ,sprites & ! ,dance ( ,sylphs1 9 ! ,damnation ( ,fau/ 7see ,figure ,,xxvii71 are n m]ely tunes1 9 ! g5]ic s5se ( ! ^w1 adaptable to any m$ium2 ! fir/ is di/9ctively a piccolo tune1 ! second a viol9 melody4 ,?is in/9ctive s5se ( :at ea* memb] ( ! or*e/ral family c be/ d gives ,b]lioz's s\nd-mass an unrivall$ cl>ity1 felicity1 & di/9ction2 x enables him to solve e problem t arises 9 a q unconv5tional way1 proce$+1 )\t reg>d to tradition1 to ! precise timbre he has imag9$1 ) ! economy & c]ta9ty ( a ma/]4 ,8 scores are apt to look r empty1 because he all[s s _m in/rum5ts to rema9 sil5t2 b !y d n s\nd empty1 = ea* tone is plac$ :]e x w tell to ! utmo/1 yet )\t blurr+ any o!r4 ,! two dances j m5tion$ are models ( ?is k9d ( discretion1 z also is ! ,ball ,sc5e 9 ! ,symphonie ,fanta/ique1 9 :i* ! v>iety ( ! comb9ations obta9$ f a few in/rum5ts is surpris+4 ,fir/ ! viol9s alone play ! tune1 accompani$ by ! o!r /r+s 7page #cg 9 ! full score72 !n 7page #ci7 ! accompanim5t is %>$ betwe5 ! /r+s on ! fir/ beat ( ! measure1 two h>ps on ! second beat1 & ! wood w9d on ! ?ird2 next 7page #db7 second viol9s1 violas1 & 'cellos unite on ! melody1 ! wood w9d & a cornet emphasize ! acc5t1 ! fir/ viol9 embroid]s a delicate turn at ! end ( ea* measure1 & ! basses pluck insi/5t eigh?-notes2 & f9ally all ! wood w9d & ! h>ps take up ! tune 7at page #dg7 to an accompanim5t ( horns & h>ps4 ,! m>vel ( x is t all ^! tonal s*emes are ( su* a p]fect ela/icity1 su* a brilliant lightness2 ?is is musical *ampagne1 t makes mo/ o!r scores seem vapid & heavy1 l w9e too long uncork$4 ,! same intellectual +5uity1 curi\sly dissociat$ f emotional e>ne/ness1 :i* made ,b]lioz s clev] a melodi/ & s inimitable a ma/] ( or*e/ral effects1 enabl$ him also to a*ieve ^? innovations 9 ! g5]al s*eme & int5tion ( in/rum5tal music on :i* 8 hi/orical importance ma9ly dep5ds4 ,by disc]n+ t1 al?\gh ! pr9ciple ( coh]5ce 9 all classical & lyrico-romantic music 0 ! int]play & logical evolution ( melodies or !mes1 t is1 ( purely musical elem5ts1 yet a composition might be unifi$ r by ! int]play ( *>act]s & ev5ts1 or 9 o!r words ( dramatic motives1 ( :i* ! music 0 m]ely repres5tative1 he op5$ ! way = ,liszt & ! mod]n program compos]s4 ,he ?us became ! pione] ( t reali/ic movem5t :i* 9 our own day has assum$ su* prom95ce1 provid+1 z e>ly z #ahcj1 9 ! ,symphonie ,fanta/ique1 :i* is ess5tially a reali/ic "w1 ) program & lead+ motives1 ! prototype ( _m fam\s mod]n ma/]pieces4 ,! mo/ /rik+1 & to u n[adays ! mo/ famili>1 ( all applications ( ?is s*eme ( dramatic =m is ( c\rse t ( ,wagn] 9 8 music-dramas4 ,s f> z ,wagn]'s art 0 consci\s x 0 plann$ entirely f ! dramatic po9t ( view4 ,9 ! matt] ( tune he laid /ress on emotive expression1 to borr[ once m ,m4 ,goblot's t]m1 r ?an on symmetry ( =m1 disc>d+ regul> phrase-balance & def9ite metre 9 favor ( a loosely knit recitative1 quickly responsive to all *anges ( mood1 :i* he call$ inf9ite melody4 ,s f> z def9ite musical figures appe>$ at all1 !y 7 conceiv$1 n z hav+ any intr9sic value1 b z /&+ = extra-musical ideas3 t is1 !y 7 n subjects or !mes1 !y 7 lead+-motives4 ,! l>g] =ms und]w5t a simil> modification2 ! ,italian aria1 consi/+ ( a melody1 a second contra/+ melody1 & a repetition ( ! fir/1 0 disc>d$1 9 spite ( its ar*itectonic beauty1 z be+ undramatic1 s9ce action nev] repeats itself1 b ceaselessly *anges4 ,ev5 9 purely in/rum5tal pieces ! pr9ciple ( coh]5ce became ! imitation ( a natural s]ies ( ev5ts or ideas4 ,"o looks 9 va91 9 ! ,fun]al ,m>* 9 ,gtt]dmm]ung1 = ! k9d ( !matic developm5t :i* makes s spl5didly organic ! ,fun]al ,m>* ( ,bee?ov5's ,eroica ,symphony2 ! unity ( ,wagn]'s piece dep5ds on its be+ ! n>ration ( ! ev5ts 9 ! life ( a s+le h]o1 ,siegfri$4 ,! ,prelude to ,loh5gr91 ?\gh incid5tally a ma/]piece ( purely musical /ructure1 0 conceiv$ z a tone-picture ( ! desc5t f heav51 & ! return ?i!r1 ( an angel ho/ be>+ ! ,holy ,grail4 ,a m extreme case is ! ,prelude to ! ,rhe+old1 9 :i* !re is no musical /ructure at all1 ! :ole piece be+ writt5 ^u "o un*ang+ h>mony2 ! motive !re is entirely pictorial4 ,f9ally1 ! descriptive & imitative elem5ts 9 expression are prom95t 9 su* *>act]i/ic ,wagn]ian passages z ! fire-music & ! ,waldweb54 ,wagn] has ?us become ! /&>d in/ance ( a musician dom9at$ by a dramatic ideal1 & has prov$ conclusively ! p[]s ( music associat$ ) action4 ,b ?is music associat$ ) action1 x mu/ be not$1 is n1 /rictly speak+1 any long] music at all1 b a new art1 to :i* its creator gave ! "n ( music-drama3 x appeals n only to ! e> ?r\gh s\nds1 b to ! eye ?r\gh sc5]y & actors1 & to ! und]/&+ ?r\gh language4 ,to apply ! pr9ciples :i* naturally dom9ate s composite an art z ?is to ! writ+ ( pure in/rum5tal music is a d>+ & a que/ionable innovation1 :i* we owe to ,b]lioz & ,liszt4 ,x is "o ?+ to compose 9 ?is /yle a "w to be play$1 sung1 & act$ 9 an op]a-h\se1 & q ano!r to cut f ! same /uff a symphony to be p]=m$ by /aid musicians 9 conv5tional dress 9 ! conc]t-room4 ,t ,wagn] himself 0 well aw>e ( ! diff]5ce is %[n by a passage 9 8 essay on ,liszt's ,symphonic ,poems1 /rik+ en\gh to be quot$ at "s l5g?4 ,i p>don ev]ybody1 says ! great music-dramati/1 :o has d\bt$ ! b5efit ( a new art-=m = in/rum5tal music1 = ,i mu/ own to hav+ s fully %>$ t d\bt z to jo9 ^? :o saw 9 our program-music a mo/ un$ify+ spectacle--:]eby ,i felt ! drollness ( my situation1 z ,i myself 0 class$ among j ! program-musicians1 & ca/ into "o pot ) !m4 ,:il/ li/5+ to ! be/ ( ?is sort 444 x _h always happ5$ t ,i s completely lo/ ! musical ?read t by no mann] ( ex]tion c\ld ,i re-f9d & knit x up aga94 ,?is occurr$ to me q rec5tly ) ! love-sc5e1 s entranc+ 9 its pr9cipal motives1 ( our fri5d ,b]lioz's ',romeo & ,juliet ,symphony'2 ! great fasc9ation :i* _h come ov] me dur+ ! developm5t ( ! *ief motive 0 dispell$ 9 ! fur!r c\rse ( ! movem5t1 & sob]$ d[n to an und5iable malaise2 ,i discov]$ at once t1 :ile ,i _h lo/ ! musical ?read 7i4e4 ! logical & lucid play ( def9ite motives71 ,i n[ _h to hold on to sc5ic motives n pres5t be=e my eye1 nor ev5 s mu* z indicat$ 9 ! program4444 ,! musician looks q away f ! incid5ts ( ord9>y life1 entirely upheaves its details & its accid5ts1 & sublimates :atev] lies )9 x to its qu9tess5ce ( emotional cont5t--to :i* alone c music give a voice1 & music only4 ,a true musical poet1 !re=e1 w\ld h pres5t$ ,b]lioz ) ?is sc5e 9 a ?or\ghly compact ideal =m4 ,wagn] "h puts 8 f+] on ! *ief po9ts ( weakness 9 ,b]lioz's +5i\s s*eme4 ,! lack ( :at he calls ! musical ?read1 & def9es mo/ concisely z ! logical & lucid play ( def9ite motives1 is inde$ a mo/ s]i\s defect1 z we h already se5 9 ! case ( ! ,symphonie ,fanta/ique4 ,because ( x1 ! compos]'s be/ effects seem fragm5t>y & uncord9at$2 h[ev] we enjoy 8 brilliant1 affect+1 or p[]ful mom5ts1 we miss ! s5se ( inexorable progress1 ( delib]ate accumulation ( =ce1 ( effloresc5ce ( melodic g]ms z sl[ & z /eady z a process ( nature1 :i* is s ov]:elm+ 9 ! music ( ,ba* & ,bee?ov54 ,8 music is almo/ always int]e/+ r ?an beautiful2 he lets our att5tion dissipate itself ^u picturesque details1 in/ead ( seiz+ & conc5trat+ x by ! gr&eur ( 8 design1 ! symmetry ( 8 =ms1 ! logic ( _! evolution4 ,8 /ructures1 consid]$ z :oles1 h[ev] massive & impos+1 are fundam5tally incoh]5t2 8 rhy?ms1 = all _! +5uity1 are ov]-:imsical1 re/less2 8 h>mony is (t5 awkw>d1 /ra9$1 non-sequaci\s4 ,he c>es less = purity ?an = pung5cy ( /yle1 & seems to be entirely unconsci\s ( ! l>ge alloy ( incongruity & anticlimax t adult]ates 8 f9e/ conceptions4 ,^! %ortcom+s 7 by no means accid5tal2 _! cause lay deep 9 8 peculi> temp]am5t4 ,b]lioz's disposition1 says "o ( 8 critics ) p5etration1#cf 0 in/9ctively some:at incl9$ to ! grotesque2 he _h n t inborn rev]5ce = ! proprieties ( nature :i* is ! secret ( ! highe/ art a*ievem5t4 ,he set 8 individuality 444 above immutable law4 ,inde$1 ,b]lioz _h m ?an ! usual %>e ( ! romantici/'s indiff]5ce to ab/ract beauty 9 art1 & ( ! romantici/'s impati5ce ( ! discipl9e :i* alone gives comm& ( x4 ,:5 he 0 a boy he %[$ on e occasion 8 unque/ion+ intol]ance ( prescriptive "r2 he dismiss$ ,lesueur's h>mony z ant$iluvian1 & ,rei*a's c\nt]po9t z b>b>\s4 ,:5 he 0 a man he frankly express$ 8 bor$om at ! mo/ p]fect ( musical =ms3 ,a !me )\t a fugue1 he writes 9 "o ( 8 lett]s1 is r>e good luck2 9 ano!r he exclaims1 ,may ,god pres]ve y f fugues ) f\r !mes on a *oral62 & 8 attitude t[>ds ,ba*1 ! t\*/one ( all musical ta/e1 is 9 /range contra/ ) t ( ,s*umann1 ,m5delssohn1 ,*op91 & inde$ almo/ all ( 8 great contempor>ies4 ,:5 ,i 0 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 he tells u1 !y play$ me a triple conc]to ( ,ba*'s4444 ,i d n ?9k !y int5d$ to annoy me4 ,9 ! light ( su* a confession we are n surpris$ to f9d him1 9 ! fam\s passage 9 ! autobiography :]e9 he sets =? 8 pret5sions z a compos]1 mak+ no claim to ! highe/ qualities1 to gr&eur1 re/ra9t1 poise1 proportion1 beauty1 b cont5t+ himself ) ! words1 ,! dom9ant qualities ( my music are passionate expression1 int]nal fire1 rhy?mic animation1 & unexpect$ *anges4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if he 0 9 "s degree =c$ into ! dramatic ve9 by defici5cies on ! musical side1 he _h also "s /rong positive qualifications = ! "w he und]took4 ,a degree ( lit]>y cultivation r>e among musicians gave him a l>ge *oice ( motives to draw ^u4 ,! symphony1 ,romeo & ,juliet1 ! ov]ture1 ,k+ ,le>1 ! op]a1 ,beatrice & ,b5$ict1 ! ,tempe/ fantasia 9 ,lelio1 & "s m9or pieces1 all owe _! inspiration to ,%akespe>e2 ,byron is drawn ^u = ! ,corsair ov]ture & ! symphony1 ,h>old 9 ,italy1 & ,scott = ! ov]tures1 ,wav]ley & ,rob ,roy2 ,goe! = ,! ,damnation ( ,fau/2 ! autobiography ( ,b5v5uto ,cell9i = ! ov]ture :i* be>s 8 "n1 & ,virgil's neid = ! op]a1 ,! ,trojans at ,c>?age4 ,x is true t bo? 9 8 *oice & 8 utilization ( texts he 0 (t5 *>act]i/ically p]v]se4 ,he consid]$ ,?omas ,moore "o ( ! great pa!tic poets ( ! _w2 he g>bl$ ,romeo & ,juliet2 he plac$ ,fau/ 9 ,hung>y 9 ord] to introduce ! ,rakoczy ,m>*2 he made ! demons 9 ,fau/ s+ 9 ,sw$5borg's inf]nal language--,irimiru ,k>abrao6 ,has6 ,has6 ,tradi\n ,m>exil firtrud9x burrudix 4442 9 8 own programs he p]petrat$1 ) entire gravity1 ! mo/ mir?-provok+ m$leys ( ! sublime & ! ridicul\s4 ,yet 9 spite ( 8 lack ( humor1 & ev5 at times ( ord9>y common s5se1 he br\ght to ! plann+ & execution ( 8 fanta/ic conceptions an extraord9>y clev]ness4 ,b]lioz is1 h[ev]1 ev5 z a dramati/1 op5 to sev]e criticism1 ! nature ( :i* is aga9 sugge/$ by ,wagn]4 ,9 po9t+ out t 9 ! abs5ce ( a purely musical ?read "o has to hold on to sc5ic motives n pres5t to ! eye1 nor ev5 s mu* z indicat$ 9 ! program1 ,wagn] t\*es ^u "o ( ! in]adicable defects ( all program-music1 its ambiguity4 ,d\btless x is q possible1 & mildly amus+1 to foll[1 on he>+ ! ,symphonie ,fanta/ique1 ! g5]al outl9es ( ! /ory1 b did ,b]lioz suppose t any "o w\ld be able to recognize 9 8 music1 o!rwise (t5 un9telligible1 ! details ( ! plot8 ,if s1 he 0 c]ta9ly ov]rat+ ! descriptive p[]s ( s\nd1 & plac+ too mu* dep5d5ce on ! def9it5ess ( a m$ium :i* is by nature vague & indet]m9ate4 ,he 0 himself consci\s ( ! difficulty2 b ) 8 usual arrogance he attribut$ x1 n to any %ortcom+ 9 8 own art1 b to 8 audi5ce's lack ( imag9ation4 ,to ! six? division ( ! score ( ,romeo & ,juliet he app5ds ?is foot-note3 ,! public has no imag9ation2 pieces :i* address !mselves solely to ! imag9ation h consequ5tly no public4 ,! foll[+ in/rum5tal sc5e is 9 ?is pr$icam5t1 & ,i ?9k x %\ld be suppress$ except :5 ! symphony is to be he>d by an audi5ce ( ! lite1 to :om ! fif? act ( ,%akespe>e's trag$y1 ) ,g>rick's dnoem5t1 is extremely famili>1 & ^: poetic s5tim5t is v elevat$4 ,! ?\ght t possibly a piece ( music %\ld n address itself solely to ! pictorial imag9ation does n seem to h occurr$ to him4 ,:5 ,b]lioz's music does n fail ( its effect ?r\gh be+ ambigu\s1 x is v apt to lose itself 9 triviality2 inde$1 ?is1 z we h already se51#cg is "o ( ! imm95t dang]s besett+ all program-music4 ,:y is x t we are r m incl9$ to smile ?an to %udd] at ! pil$-up horrors ( ! ,wit*es' ,sabba?8 ,:y does ! elaborate ma*9]y :i* ,b]lioz assembles 9 ord] to /un u leave u s (t5 r amus$ or bor$8 ,:y is x t we enjoy m ?an we res5t t p>ody ( 8 /yle p]petrat$ by ,arnal1 9 :i* we are ask$ to und]/& f ! second repetition ( ! fir/ allegro h[ my h]o ties 8 cravat8 ,is x n t !re is involv$ 9 ! programmi/ic me?od a subtle insult to our intellig5ce1 t we in/9ctively rebel aga9/ ! use ( musical tones1 by nature s uniquely expressive ( inn] v]ities1 = ! m]e del9eation ( ext]nal objects8 ,wagn] seems to ?9k s :51 9 ! la/ "p ( 8 criticism1 he says t ! musician looks q away f ! incid5ts ( ord9>y life 444 & sublimates :atev] lies )9 x to its qu9tess5ce ( emotional-cont5t4 ,b\rget c]ta9ly ?9ks s :5 he comm&s ! arti/1 ,sois belle et tais-toi4 ,?is highe/ simplicity ( ! great creative arti/1 :o ignores ! accid5ts & ! ext]nals ( life1 :o looks into 8 he>t & writes1 0 j :at ,b]lioz1 ) all 8 mobile intellig5ce1 all 8 +5uity1 all 8 e>ne/ aspiration1 c\ld nev] a*ieve4 ,!re 0 9 him a p]v]sity ( temp]1 a di%>mony betwe5 ! emotional & ! intellectual nature1 a lack ( ! s5se ( proportion or ! s5se ( humor1 :i* made x impossible4 ,! natural seem$ to him jejune2 ! simple1 vulg>2 ! impulsive1 crude4 ,to be elaborate1 !atrical1 calculat$1 0 a necessity ( 8 highly artificial imag9ation4 ,j z 9 8 love affairs he 0 nev] foll[+ an unsophi/icat$ passion1 b =ev] masqu]ad+ z an ideal h]o1 & z 9 8 essays & autobiography he nev] *ronicl$1 b always dramatiz$1 s 9 8 compositions he c\ld n br+ himself to express spontane\s intuitions 9 nave =ms1 b built up elaborate programs ) all ! +5uity ( 8 tireless & res\rceful intellig5ce4 ,all life appe>$ to him z a magnific5t glitt]+ spectacle 9 :i* he 0 play+ a lead+ rle2 & :e!r he lov$ or hat$1 :e!r he suff]$ or enjoy$1 :e!r he succe$$ or fail$1 he hugg$ close to 8 ,gallic he>t ! consci\sness t he 0 act+ well1 & t he _h an audi5ce4 ,l ! firem5 ( ,beauvais1 he _h1 too1 ! ineffable satisfaction ( plac>d+ ! heav5s1 9 8 autobiography1 ) ! inspir+ leg5d1 ,honneur aux victimes du devoir4 ,! boa/ 9 8 case1 nev]!less1 0 f> f an empty "o2 n ! lea/ /range elem5t 9 8 /rangely mix$ "* 0 ! real h]oism1 ! spl5did fai?1 ) :i* he clung to an arti/ic ideal :i* 0 receiv$ ) contempt or indiff]5ce on e side4 ,9 8 devotion to an unpopul> cause1 ?r\gh a lifetime ( difficulties1 he 0 a true m>tyr4 ,8 c>e]1 aft] 8 return f ,rome to ,p>is 9 #ahcb1 0 "o long uphill fight1 n only = recognition1 b = a b>e livelihood4 ,8 acc\nts ( 8 hat$ labors z a feuilletoni/1 up to ! "t :51 by a g5]\s gift f ,pagan9i1 he 0 fre$ f su* s]vitude1 are among ! s9c]e/ & mo/ pa!tic pages 9 8 writ+s4 ,he nev] won ! appreciation f 8 c\ntrym5 t 8 va91 s5sitive1 & ?or\ghly ,p>isian nature mo/ crav$4 ,realiz+1 ab\t #ahdj1 t a man is nev] a prophet 9 8 own c\ntry1 he reluctantly s\ght abroad ! support d5i$ him at home1 & 9 a s]ies ( t\rs 9 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 ,russia1 & ,engl& met ) a l>ge measure ( success4 ,yet 8 fir/ c>e1 aft] ea* =eign triumph1 0 to "k :at !y ?\ght ( x 9 ,p>is--& alas6 !y nev] ?\ght ab\t x at all4 ,t>dily1 9 #ahef1 already ov] fifty ye>s old1 he obta9$ a fauteuil 9 ! ,academy1 & 0 appo9t$ ,libr>ian ( ! ,cons]vatoire4 ,b ! *e]+ effect ( ?is recognition 0 cl\d$ by ! fiasco1 9 #ahfc1 ( ! op]a on :i* he _h be5 work+ = ye>s1 ,les ,troy5s ,c>?age4 ,?is bl[ broke 8 he>t4 ,he wrote no m1 & aft] six ye>s ( lonel9ess & ill-heal?1 di$ on ,m>* #h1 #ahfi4 ,z s (t5 happ5s1 8 fun]al orations conta9$ ! en?usia/ic praises 8 liv+ e>s _h crav$ 9 va91 & he 0 %ortly pron\nc$ ! greate/ ( ,fr5* compos]s4 ,! fai? 9 himself & 8 art1 :i* kept him /eadfa/ ?r\gh all 8 disc\ragem5ts & temptations1 :i* enabl$ him to p]si/ 9 a pa? ( almo/ complete solitude1 :i* arm$ him ) ! sword ( conviction & ! %ield ( a good consci5ce1 01 z ,mr4 ,ap?orp says1 ! "o pure1 /]l+ elem5t 9 a "* 9 :i* all else 0 m or less di/ort$4 ,he 0 a man ( ov]we5+ vanity & egotism1 (t5 bl9d to ! ne$s ( ^? ne>e/ him2 an unc]ta9 fri5d1 a spiteful enemy1 an intol]able husb&2 he c\ld desc5d to petty deceits & unwor?y animosities1 & 0 will+ to sacrifice ! mo/ sacr$ relations on ! alt> ( 8 dramatic s5se4 ,& yet he c\ld say ) tru?1 ,! love ( money has nev] alli$ itself 9 a s+le in/ance ) my love ( art2 ,i h always be5 ready to make all sorts ( sacrifices to g 9 se>* ( ! beautiful1 & insure myself aga9/ contact ) ^? paltry platitudes :i* are cr[n$ by popul>ity4 ,he _h also _m m9or virtues :i*1 if n l ?is precisely h]oic1 are nev]!less *>m+4 ,he 0 a sprightly n>rator1 a witty & ke5 critic :]e 8 prejudices 7 n involv$1 & a ta/] ( life 9 :om discrim9ation did n embitt] good nature4 ,conc]n+ 8 a*ievem5t z a musician !re w always be extreme oppositions ( op9ion1 s uncompromis+ 0 8 !ory ( art1 & s rel5tless 8 execution ( x4 ,! ultimate problem ( :e!r a realism s ?or\ghgo+ z 8 is ju/ifi$ by ! nature ( music w p]haps always rema9 an op5 "o4 ,b ! mo/ recalcitrant critic mu/ admit ! greatness ( 8 incid5tal s]vices to ! art :i* he practis$ ) su* headlong p]v]sity4 ,he 0 a good iconocla/4 ,he help$ to break ! bonds ( a n>r[ cons]vatism :i* 0 9 dang] ( conf9+ all music to ! =ms ( ! symphony & ! sonata1 & to ! type ( expression p]fect$ by ! classici/s4 ,by 8 d>+ imag9ation he aba%$ p$antry & op5$ up vi/as ( new possibilities4 ,& he 01 at lea/ 9 "o dep>tm5t1 t ( or*e/ration1 a triumphant innovator4 ,by us+ in/rum5ts1 n 9 traditional1 hackney$ ways1 b ) an intuition ( _! lat5t possibilities1 he add$ p]man5tly to ! res\rces ( all compos]s & to ! s5sitiv5ess ( all li/5]s4 ,:e!r1 !re=e1 ! t5d5cy ( all music t[>d ! reali/ic1 :i* is s prom95t to-day1 & 9 relation to :i* he /&s z "o ( ! greate/ ( pione]s1 %all cont9ue indef9itely1 or %all give place to "s new movem5t 9 ano!r direction1 z c]ta9 signs seem to indicate--9 any ev5t ,b]lioz's place z a contributor to ! unre/+ progress ( art is secure4 ,,footnotes3 #cj ,see ,selections f ,b]lioz's ,writ+s1 translat$ by ,w4 ,f4 ,ap?orp1 ,new ,york1 #ahgi1 pp4 #bbh-bfa4 #ca ,see ! summ>y ( ! program ( ! ,symphonie ,fanta/ique at p4 #bd4 #cb ,full score1 ,breitkopf & ,hrtel edition1 p4 #ed4 #cc ,see ,introduction1 p4 #dc4 #cd ,e4 ,dick9son1 ,! ,/udy ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,music1 p4 #bfd4 #ce ,w4 ,h4 ,had[1 ,/udies 9 ,mod]n ,music1 p4 #ada4 #cf ,francis ,hueff]1 ,half a ,c5tury ( ,music 9 ,engl&1 pp4 #bca-bcb4 #cg ,introduction1 p4 #ec4 ,,vii ,,franz ,,liszt ,illu/ration3 ,,franz ,,liszt ,,vii ,,franz ,,liszt ,a flood ( light is ?r[n ^u ! oppos+ aspects ( ,franz ,liszt's contradictory "* by a /ory told ( a c]ta9 occasion on :i* ,! ,ma/]1 z he lov$ to be call$1 sat = 8 portrait to ! pa9t] ,s*aff]4 ,"o ( ^? key-/ories x is1 de> to biograph]s1 :i* cond5se 9 s+le acts or spee*es entire facets ( p]sonality4 ,9 ,p>is1 9 8 y\?1 ,liszt w5t to ,s*aff] to h 8 portrait pa9t$4 ,in/9ctively he assum$ "o ( ^? !atrical poses he 0 9 ! habit ( tak+ :51 at ! end ( "o ( 8 already fam\s recitals1 he /ood ^u ! /age receiv+ ! plaudits ( 8 audi5ce4 ,we c readily imag9e x3 ! head ?r[n back1 ! eyes fla%+ fire1 ! "r h&1 p]haps1 ?ru/ betwe5 ! second & ?ird buttons ( ! coat1 ! left re/+ on "s conv5i5tly compos$ piece ( furniture4 ,b :5 ,s*aff] indicat$ t ?is hi/rionism did n impress him1 ,liszt1 greatly emb>rass$1 cri$ out impulsively1 ,=give1 de> ma/]1 b y d n "k h[ x spoils "o to h be5 an infant prodigy4 ,"h are ! two oppos+ sides ( ?is curi\s "* = once set 9 a cle> anti!sis3 on ! "o h&1 ! affectation1 ! /rut & po/ure1 ! *eap !atricality1 ( ! prodigy play+ to 8 audi5ce2 on ! o!r1 ! frankness1 ! magnanimity1 ! humility ev51 ( ! true arti/4 ,liszt's :ole c>e] is "o long exhibition ( ^! two attitudes 9 con/ant alt]nation2 he is a m+l+ 9 "o p]son ( ! *>latan & ! ideali/4 ,born 9 ,raid+1 a small t[n 9 ,hung>y1 ,octob] #bb1 #ahaa1 an only *ild ( ,adam ,liszt1 a ,hung>ian1 & ,anna ,lag]1 a ,g]man1 ,franz ,liszt %[$ at once su* extraord9>y tal5t = music t 9 8 t5? ye> 8 p>5ts resolv$ to educate him 9 ,vi5na z a pr(essional musician4 ,aft] a ye> & a half 9 ! ,au/rian capital1 :]e ! brilliancy ( 8 piano play+ & ! clev]ness ( 8 improvisations attract$ mu* att5tion1 & :]e he /udi$ ) ,cz]ny & ,sali]i1 he 0 tak5 by 8 p>5ts to ,p>is4 ,"h1 9 ! autumn ( #ahbc1 only twelve ye>s old1 he took 8 fir/ plunge into ! atmosph]e ( adulation :i* 0 to become to him 9 lat] ye>s almo/ a necess>y ( life4 ,x 0 n[ t he became ! pett$ d>l+ ( ! fa%ionable salons ( ! ,b\lev>d ,/4 ,g]ma91 & made ! great ladies ( ,p>isian society =get = a "t _! lap-dogs & _! love-intrigues 9 ord] to c>ess ?is fasc9at+ composite ( ! *ild & ! virtuoso4 ,aft] 8 fir/ public conc]t 9 ,p>is1 9 ,m>*1 #ahbd1 he made ! r\nd ( ! boxes1 a sort ( triumphal progress across ! laps ( great ladies1 :o woo$ him1 we mu/ suppose1 ) a discreet mixture ( complim5ts & bonbons4 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+ he ext5d$ 8 dom9ion to ,engl&1 & saw 8 "n 9 l>ge type on a h&-bill su* z n[adays we associate ) circuses r ?an ) conc]ts4 ,an ,air1 we read1 ) ,gr& ,v>iations by ,h]z1 w be p]=m$ on ,er>d's ,new ,pat5t ,gr& ,pian(orte1 by ,,ma/] ,,liszt1 :o w likewise p]=m an ,extempore ,fantasia1 & respectfully reque/ ,two ,writt5 ,!mes f any ( ! ,audi5ce1 ^u :i* he w play 8 ,v>iations4 ,!re are n want+ signs1 h[ev]1 t ! arti/ 9 ,liszt 0 already1 ) approa*+ adolesc5ce1 beg9n+ to disda9 ! spectacul> triumphs ( ! virtuoso4 ,he began to suspect t ! praise belongs to ! *ild & n ! arti/2 ! indignity ( be+ adv]tis$ z a ye> or two y\ng] ?an he really 01 & be+ c>ri$ ^u ! /age 9 8 manag]'s arms1 l an infant1 ar\s$ 8 disgu/2 ,i w\ld r be any?+ 9 ! _w1 he cries1 ?an a musician 9 ! pay ( great folk1 patroniz$ & paid by !m l a conjur] or ! clev] dog ,munito4#ch ,he became m & m reluctant to appe> 9 public1 grew moody & melan*oly1 occupi$ himself ) religi\s m$itations1 & ev5 *]i%$ a half-=m$ desire to )draw f ! brilliant _w into mona/ic solitude4 ,?is is ! fir/ appe>ance ( a my/ical t5d5cy ( m9d :i* 9 lat] ye>s ga9$ great asc5dancy ov] him1 & f9ally l$ him to take ord]s 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! ev5t1 h[ev]1 :i* decisively end$1 = ! "t1 8 public piano play+1 0 ! dea?1 9 ,augu/1 #ahbg1 ( 8 fa!r1 ^: assi/ance 9 all practical details 0 indisp5sable to 8 virtuoso t\rs4 ,! "y piani/ n[ settl$ ) 8 "m 9 ,p>is1 :]e eight quiet ye>s ( piano tea*+ succe$$ ! excitem5t ( 8 adv5tur\s boyhood4 ,8 conduct at ?is crisis illu/rates t ke5 s5se ( honor :i* 0 s agreeable a trait 9 8 "*4 ,consid]+ t ! money he _h accumulat$ by 8 _m successful conc]ts 0 rightfully 8 "m's1 because ( all ! sacrifices %e _h made to 8 c>e]1 he made x ov] to h] 9 a lump sum1 & took up tea*+ = 8 own livelihood4 ,x 0 an act ( delicate ju/ice1 freely & *e]fully p]=m$4 ,outw>dly ,liszt's life n[ became q simple & labori\s1 almo/ plodd+2 b inw>dly x 0 develop+ apace1 & ramify+ 9 _m directions1 "u ! provocations ( ?is brilliant & complex ,p>is4 ,! ,p>is ( #ahcj 0 inde$ a surr\nd+ well fitt$ to enc\rage ! mo/ v>i$ gr[? 9 ! "* ( a "y man s s5sitive to influ5ces1 s complex 9 m5tal & moral con/itution1 z ,liszt4 ,!re 01 on ! purely musical side1 ! p[]ful irritant ( a public languid & frivol\s1 devot$ to ! %[y t9sel ( ,kalkbr5n]1 ,h]z1 ,pixis1 & ,pleyel1 & s indiff]5t to real music t ,liszt _h to coat ! pill ( a ,bee?ov5 ,conc]to ) sug>y ornam5tation to make x g d[n4 ,su* a public 0 a good /olid qu>ry = ! m>ksman%ip ( an en?usia/ic arti/4 ,9 g5]al intellectual life !re 01 on ! o!r h&1 a brisk f]m5tation highly excit+ to ,liszt's active m9d4 ,p>is 0 a see?+ pot ( ideas1 !ories1 h]esies1 aspirations1 scepticisms1 individualities4 ,"h is a :ole =tnight1 he writes 9 #ahcb1 t my m9d & f+]s h be5 work+ l two lo/ spirits--,hom]1 ! ,bible1 ,plato1 ,locke1 ,byron1 ,hugo1 ,lam>t9e1 ,*teaubri&1 ,bee?ov51 ,ba*1 ,hummel1 ,moz>t1 ,web]1 are all ar\nd me4 ,i /udy !m1 m$itate on !m1 dev\r !m ) fury2 besides ?is ,i practise f\r to five h\rs ( ex]cises4444 ,ah1 provid$ ,i don't g mad1 y w f9d an arti/ 9 me6#ci ,above all1 !re 0 9 ! ,fr5* romanticism ( #ahcj an emotional delirium1 a fev] ( ! s5tim5ts1 :i* pr(\ndly affect$ ! high-/rung "y musician4 ,fr5* lit]>y romanticism 0 9 ess5ce an ext5sion into ! intellectual _w ( ^? pr9ciples :i* _h receiv$ s /rik+ a political embodim5t 9 ! ,fr5* ,revolution ( #aghi4 ,ab\t a g5]ation 0 requir$ = ^! pr9ciples to propagate !mselves f ! realm ( practice into t ( !ory2 9 ! ,revolution !y appe>$ z crude in/9cts2 romanticism ref9$ & sy/ematiz$ !m into self-consci\s doctr9es4 ,! revolution>y mob murd]$ ! ari/ocrats :o oppress$ !m2 ! romantici/s proclaim$ ! effet5ess ( all arbitr>y rules & all traditional ord9ances1 :e!r 9 life or 9 art4 ,! revolutioni/s cri$1 9 effect1 ,ea* man = himself1 & ! devil take ! h9dmo/2 ! romantici/s ass]t$1 m politely b 9 z an>*ic a _s1 ,! individual alone is sacr$2 8 developm5t is ( great] import ?an ! welf>e ( society4 ,& if romanticism _h its analogue = ! ,lib]ty ( ! fam\s =mula 9 its emancipation f traditional law1 & its own v]sion ( ! ,equality z ! sacr$ness ( ! individual1 x also _h its equival5t = ,frat]nity 9 t some:at hectic s5tim5t :i* usually prov$ too vapor\s to be> ! /ress ( an actual human situation4 ,bo? movem5ts1 too1 7 passionate exagg]ations2 !y ov]%ot _! m>k1 & h _h to be limit$1 qualifi$1 & re/ra9$ by ! san] s5se ( lat] g5]ations4 ,if romanticism _h ev]y:]e ?is g5]al "* ( revolt aga9/ au?ority1 ass]tion ( ! individual1 & deification ( ! s5tim5ts1 x is notable t :ile 9 ,engl& x appli$ its !ories *iefly to political & religi\s life1 & 9 ,g]many to metaphysical realms1 9 ,france x conc5trat$ itself l>gely ^u ! relations ( ! sexes4 ,9 su* typical romantic docum5ts z ,*teaubri&'s ,r5 & ,george ,s&'s ,leone ,leoni1 ! traditional bugaboo is m>riage 7especially ! m>iage de conv5ance1 :i* inde$ 0 a fair m>k = re=m]s71 ! extoll$ individualism takes ! =m ( free love1 & ! s5tim5ts deifi$ are ! ?rills ( ! amor\s he>t4 ,! results ( ! ov]-en?usia/ic application ( ^! romantic ideas to s complex a matt] z sexual relations are sometimes bewild]+1 sometimes absurd1 sometimes pa!tic4 ,george ,s&'s utt]ances on love & fri5d%ip1 = example1 (t5 leave "o unc]ta9 :e!r to laugh or to cry1 s g5]\s is h] prim>y impulse1 s sophi/ical & topsy-turvy are ! conclusions to :i* x op5s ! way4 ,:5 %e writes1 ,! great] ! crime1 s mu* ! m g5u9e ! love x accompli%es1 our ang] at ! sophism quickly gives place to pity = ! sophi/4 ,:5 we le>n t h] ideal ( fri5d%ip betwe5 a man & a woman1 or1 z %e call$ x1 cam>ad]ie1 involv$ unlimit$ confid5tial conv]sations1 we "k n :i* to d\bt1 h] insight or h] good fai?4 ,& 9 all ?is %e is typical ( h] age & s*ool1 :i* made a feti* ( ! demoniac p[] ( love1 & pursu$ liaisons ) a f]vor t c only be call$ religi\s4 ,! effect ( su* doctr9es z ^! on a "y man l ,liszt may readily be imag9$4 ,too ke5-m9d$ to be really deceiv$ by ! curr5t fallacies1 b at ! same "t n au/]e or indep5d5t en\gh to reject :at 0 s univ]sally accept$1 he let himself g ) ! curr5t1 & half-bl9dly1 half-ironically1 play$ ! game he saw o!rs play+4 ,almo/ be=e he knew x he f\nd t he _h /ak$ no?+ less ?an 8 honor1 & t ?is game1 begun 9 a mood ( dalliance1 mu/ be play$ ?r\gh 9 sob] e>ne/4 ,! h]o9e ( 8 love affair 0 ! ,c\ntess d',ag\lt1 bett] kn[n by h] lit]>y pseudonym ( ,daniel ,/]n1 a woman ( great beauty & fasc9ation1 b app>5tly consum$ by vanity & a ?ir/ = p[]4 ,9 #ahcd1 :5 h] connection ) ! idoliz$ "y musician began1 %e 0 tw5ty-eight ye>s old1 _h be5 m>ri$ = six ye>s to ! ,c\nt d',ag\lt1 & _h _h ?ree *ildr54 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+1 ,liszt tri$ 9 va9 to br+ ! affair to an end2 f9d+ ?is impossible1 he accept$ ! situation ) ! be/ grace he c\ld summon1 & ent]$ ^u a p]iod ( travel ) ! c\ntess :i* la/$ a decade4 ,?ree *ildr5 result$ f ?is union1 ,daniel1 ,bl&9e1 & ,cosima1 :o became ! wife ( ,von ,bl[1 & lat] ( ,wagn]4 ,x is difficult to arrive at a j conception ( ,liszt's behavior 9 ?is relation1 s conflict+ are ! available acc\nts ( x4 ,! biography by ,ramann1 = example1 /ates t he (f]$ m>riage1 :i* ! lady indignantly refus$ on ! score ( 8 inf]iority 9 rank4 ,janka ,wohl1 9 h] ,rem9isc5ces1 on ! contr>y1 quotes ,liszt's emphatic d5ial t he ev] (f]$ m>riage4 ,aga91 ! v zeal ) :i* 8 admir]s depict ! ,c\ntess z hurl+ h]self ^u him1 t5d to ar\se ! suspicion ( a judici\s read]4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta91 ! uncong5iality ( ! pair 0 fundam5tal & cumulative4 ,liszt himself te/ifies to ?is 9 no unc]ta9 way1 &1 "o may add1 ) m s>ca/ic animus ?an is q to 8 cr$it4 ,he reports a conv]sation 9 :i* %e express$ a desire to be 8 inspir] 9 art1 a desire :i* he attributes to h] vanity4 ,%e wi%$ to be my ,beatrice1 he says2 & cont9ues3 ,b ,i told h]3 ',y are wrong4 ,x is ! ,dantes :o create ! ,beatrices1 & ! real ,beatrices die at ! age ( eighte5--t is all4' ,l\is de ,ron*aud 0 pres5t at ! "t4 ',!re's ! man1' said ,i1 ':o w\ld h pleas$ y4' ,?is 0 ungallant almo/ to ! v]ge ( brutality4 ,t v]ge 0 ov]pass$ :5 ,liszt1 to a reque/ = sugge/ions z to ! title ( "s s\v5irs ! c\ntess _h be5 writ+1 propos$ ,swagg] & ,lies4 ,he always spoke ( ! c\ntess1 says ,janka ,wohl1 ) irony4 ,?is picture ( a disillusion su* z inevitably foll[s a gr&e passion ( ! romantic ord]1 unpleasant z x is1 helps u to a realization ( "o side ( ,liszt1 8 cynicism4 ,an ironical bitt]ness su* z (t5 lay j bel[ ! sac*>9e smile ( ?is f9i%$ man ( ! _w is "o ( ! mo/ famili> by-products ( s5tim5tal romanticism1 "o :i* has be5 made hi/orically fam\s by ! case ( ,byron4 ,x is ! reaction ( ! en?usia/ disappo9t$ 9 unrealizable ideals1 ! dre>y awak5+ f ov]fanciful dreams1 ! exagg]at$ contraction ( a he>t too long artificially exp&$1 ! acidity produc$ by a diet all ( sug>4 ,x s\nds unpleasantly en\gh 9 c]ta9 say+s ( ,liszt quot$ by ,janka ,wohl3 ,wom5 d n believe 9 a passion :i* avoids notoriety4 ,misund]/ood wom5 are g5]ally wom5 :o h be5 too well und]/ood4 ,madame ,mos*eles writes1 9 h] rem9isc5ces ( ,liszt3 ,8 high-fly+ notions are made m int]e/+ by all ! arts ( dialectics2 b !re is a good deal ( satire 9 !m1 & t satire is l an ill-tun$ *ord 9 conv]sation4 ,! sug>$ *>m ( 8 mo/ excell5t ,fr5* _c make "s ( 8 pr9ciples palatable to me4 ,closely connect$ ) ?is cynicism ( ,liszt is ano!r m>k$ trait ( 8 "* :i* at fir/ sight seems to h little connection ) x1 b on c>eful scrut9y is se5 to be b ano!r =m ( reaction aga9/ ! s5tim5tal int]pretation ( life ) its unsocial lawlessness & its self-defeat+ egotism4 ,t /rong lean+ ( ,liszt's t[>d ! extreme phases ( ,roman ,ca?olicism1 :i* made him ev5 9 boyhood a my/ic & a devot$ read] ( ,lam5nais1 ,ballan*e1 & o!r ecclesia/ical writ]s1 :i* impell$ him lat] to take ord]s1 & :i* inspir$ ! exclusively devotional works ( 8 la/ ye>s1 :at 0 x b ! p]v]se impulse to escape f ! _w ( a man :om ! _w has disappo9t$8 ,mona/icism is 9 l>ge "p m]ely ! romanticism ( ! disillusion$4 ,complete isolation f human pursuits & feel+s is 9 ess5ce q z antisocial1 q z wilfully individual1 z ! excesses :i* c>ry an exhau/$ _s to its ?re%old4 ,liszt's passion = religion1 :i* has s (t5 puzzl$ 8 critics1 0 9 l>ge degree only ! long+ = repose ( a s\l too long ov]wr\ght by ! religion ( passion4 ,x is "o ( ! curiosities ( ! psy*ology ( temp]am5t t ?is new mood ( ,liszt's1 ! mood ( my/ical passion1 f\nd its aspirations cry/alliz+1 no less ?an ^? ( ! e>li] worldly passion _h done1 9 a woman4 ,if paganism _h = a "t summ$ itself = him 9 ! p]son ( ! ,c\ntess d',ag\lt1 ! mona/ic ,*ri/ianity to :i* he n[ react$ f\nd its avat> & prie/ess 9 ! ,pr9cess ( ,sayn-,wittg5/e91 a rem>kable woman ) :om he liv$ 9 intimate b :at are call$ platonic relations f #ahdg on4 ,! daught] ( a ,poli% nobleman1 & ! wife ( a ,russian field m>%al ( erratic "* :om1 aft] ?rice refus+1 %e m>ri$ )\t love at sev5te51 %e _h suff]$ mu*1 & l _m o!r suff]]s _h f\nd h] consolation 9 religion4 ,! /ory ( h] relation ) ,liszt is a pa!tic "o4 ,%e des]t$ h] husb& to foll[ him to ,weim>1 :]e he settl$ z a conductor & compos] 9 #ahdg1 aft] 8 _m ye>s ( w&]+ z a virtuoso2 = ?irte5 ye>s %e 0 8 secret>y1 fri5d1 & advis]2 9 #ahfj %e succe$$ 9 gett+ a divorce f h] husb&1 ^: infidelities 7 notori\s1 only to h x retract$ at ! la/ mom5t by ! ,pope4 ,h] _s 0 s brok5 by ?is cruel freak ( fate t1 al?\gh ,pr9ce ,wittg5/e9 di$ f\r ye>s lat]1 %e nev] m>ri$ ,liszt4 ,%e di$ 9 ,rome 9 #ahhg1 only six weeks aft] ,liszt1 leav+ 9 manuscript a treatise 9 tw5ty-f\r volumes entitl$ ,des ,causes ,intrieures de la ,faiblesse ,extrieure de l'glise1 ) directions t x %\ld n be pr9t$ = tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,! subject is "o on :i* %e may well h writt5 ) passion2 b x is sad to ?9k ( ?is woman consol+ h]self1 by tw5ty-f\r volumes ( lit]>y discussion1 = a vital trag$y4 ,dur+ ! f\rte5 ye>s t ,liszt sp5t 9 ,weim> z ,music-,director to ! ,gr& ,duke1 he accompli%$ an extraord9>y am\nt ( "w1 9 musical & lit]>y composition1 9 tea*+1 & 9 mak+ propag&a = /ruggl+ compos]s by p]=m+ _! works4 ,8 cordial int]e/ 9 o!r arti/s1 p]haps ! f9e/ trait ( 8 "*1 0 at ?is "t mo/ /rik+ly ev9c$4 ,8 baton1 8 p51 & 8 p[]ful p]sonal influ5ce 7 con/antly employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( "y musicians ( m]it /riv+ to make !mselves kn[n4 ,8 ef=ts 9 ,wagn]'s behalf1 especially1 h become fam\s4 ,by 8 p]=mance ( ,loh5gr9 at ,weim> 9 #ahej1 by 8 articles on f\r ( ! music-dramas1 & by 8 f9ancial aid to ! /ruggl+ compos] dur+ _m ye>s1 he did m ?an any o!r "o man to secure ?is uncompromis+ g5ius a foo?old 9 ! _w4 ,s*umann1 ,*op91 ,b]lioz1 ,raff1 ,franck1 ,sa9t-,sans1 & a ho/ ( less gift$ m5 also ow$ mu* to ,liszt2 & 8 leav+ ,weim> 0 ! indirect result ( 8 zeal\s *ampion%ip ( an unpopul> op]a by 8 fri5d ,pet] ,cornelius4 ,x is true t ev5 ?is b5evol5ce 0 n q unalloy$ by 8 besett+ egotism4 ,9 our m5tal image ( ,liszt disp5s+ 8 arti/ic *>ity !re is always a trace ( t bl& smile ( ! pr(essional philan?ropi/4 ,sa9t-,sans sugge/s t ,liszt contemplat$1 9 8 relations ) ,wagn]1 a sort ( alliance ( two m5 ( g5ius1 9 :i* ,wagn] %\ld repres5t ! h]o ( music-drama1 & himself ! h]o ( in/rum5tal music4 ,8 rupture ) ,brahms1 :o did n appreciate 8 piano sonata1#dj sugge/s an inability to =get ! fir/ p]son1 excusable p]haps 9 "o s long us$ to con/ant adulation1 b /ill n to be neglect$ 9 a del9eation ( 8 "*4 ,ts*ak[sky's te/imony on ! po9t is v blunt4 ,liszt1 ! old ,jesuit1 he writes 9 a lett]1 speaks 9 t]ms ( exagg]at$ praise ( e "w :i* is submitt$ to 8 inspection4 ,he is at he>t a good man1 "o ( ! v few great arti/s :o has nev] kn[n envy2 b he is too mu* ( a ,jesuit to be frank & s9c]e4 ,& aga93 ,liszt 0 a good fell[1 & ready to respond to e "o :o paid c\rt to him4 ,b z ,i nev] toadi$ to him1 or any o!r celebrity1 we nev] got into correspond5ce4 ,b if ! great man _h ?us 8 petty vanities1 if he lik$ to take a toll ( self-satisfaction1 s to speak1 out ( ! gifts he s lavi%$ ^u o!rs1 ?is human weakness did n1 happily1 de/roy ! efficacy ( 8 _m s]vices to music4 ,we h n[ glanc$ at ?ree di/9ct phases 9 ! life ( ?is protean _s1 ?ree rles successively assum$ by him 9 8 triumphal progress across ! /age ( ,european society4 ,fir/ !re 0 ! infant prodigy1 ! boy virtuoso1 le petit ,litz1 electrify+ va/ audi5ces by 8 piano play+1 & aft] 8 conc]ts mak+ ! r\nd ( ! boxes4 ,!n came ! sl5d]1 romantic y\?1 ,monsieur ,liszt ! piano tea*] 9 ! ,p>is ( #ahcj1 ) 8 poli%$ mann]s1 8 attractive irony1 8 devotion to 8 "m1 & a ?\s& suspect$ gallantries to make him int]e/+ to ! ladies4 ,& !n--! ?ird phase--,liszt )\t ! ,monsieur1 ,liszt ( ,weim>1 ! conductor & propag&i/1 ! compos] ( symphonic poems1 ! prophet ( poetic in/rum5tal music1 ! patron & almon] ( ,wagn]1 ! tea*] to :om pupils flock$ f all ov] ! _w4 ,b n[ we come to a f\r? phase1 /rang]1 m seiz+ to ! imag9ation 7especially ! fem99e imag9ation7 ?an any ( ! o!rs3 we behold ! =m] man ( ! _w seat$ 9 pi\s solitude 9 ! mona/]y ( ,monte ,m>io1 ne> ,rome1 8 p]sonable figure swa!d 9 ! long black robe ( an ecclesia/ical ord]1 8 +ratiat+ smile t\*$ ) a cele/ial joy1 8 ?rong+ ?\ghts transf]r$ f ,p>is to ,p>adise4 ,"h he sits1 9 rapt devotion1 = sev5 ye>s4 ,he has ?r[n aside ! secul> p51 & writes only masses & oratorios4 ,he has become1 9 two words1 ! ,abb ,liszt4 ,f 8 retirem5t1 h[ev]1 he aga9 reappe>s 9 ! ar5a ( 8 e>ly triumphs1 9 #ahfh2 & f ?is "t until 8 dea? 9 #ahhf1 at "o ( ^? ,bayreu? fe/ivals :i* b = him c\ld n h exi/$1 we see him 9 a sort ( apo!osis1 mak+ a triumphal progress ea* ye> f ,rome to ,weim> & f ,weim> to ,pe/h1 ! belov$ tea*]1 ! admir$ compos]1 ! rev]$ abb1 ! di/+ui%$ g5tleman4 ,phase five1 9 :i* he is nam$ simply ,! ,ma/]1 is ?us a sort ( composite & bright bl5d+ ( all ! o!r inc>nations4 ,he> ! description1 by an eye-witness1 ( 8 appe>ance at ?is "t3#da ,he is ! mo/ int]e/+ & /rik+ man imag9able1 tall & slight1 ) deep-set eyes1 %aggy eyebr[s1 & iron-gray hair4 ,he we>s a long abb's coat1 rea*+ ne>ly to 8 feet4 ,8 m\? turns up at ! corn]s1 :i* gives1 :5 he smiles1 a mo/ crafty & ,mephi/ophelean expression4 ,8 h&s are v n>r[1 ) long1 sl5d] f+]s1 :i* look z if !y _h twice z _m jo9ts z o!r p's4 ,!y are s flexible & supple t x makes y n]v\s to look at !m4 ,any?+ l ! poli% ( 8 mann]s ,i nev] saw4 ,:5 he got up to leave 8 box1 = in/ance1 aft] 8 adieus to ! ladies1 he laid 8 h& on 8 he>t & made 8 f9al b[1 ) a quiet c\rtl9ess :i* made y feel t no o!r way ( b[+ to a lady 0 "r or prop]4 ,8 v>iety ( expression is wond]ful4 ,"o mom5t 8 face w look dreamy1 %ad[y1 tragic1 ! next ins9uat+1 amiable1 ironic1 s>ca/ic4 ,all ,weim> adores him4 ,:5 he goes out1 e "o greets him z if he 7 a k+4 ,all ,weim> adores him1--let u confess1 = we c no long] bl9k ! fact1 t !re is some?+ nause\s ab\t ! atmosph]e 9 :i* ,liszt liv$1 & t we _c acquit him ( a lik+ = x4 ,does n e man *oose1 at lea/ )9 c]ta9 limitations set by fate1 8 own environm5t8 ,0 ,liszt entirely indiff]5t to ! att5tions ( ! ,poli% c\ntess :o receiv$ him 9 a b\doir spread ankle-deep ) rose leaves1 or ( ! f\r celebrat$ beauties :o _h _! portraits pa9t$ z ,c>yatides support+ 8 bu/8#db ,0 x ! sleep ( bor$om1 or ( com=table self-satisfaction1 t swa!d him on t occasion :5 he 0 discov]$ sitt+ on a high plat=m surr\nd$ by all sorts ( pianos & h>moniums1 & 9 full view ( six or eight ladies1 sev]al ( :om 7 busy fix+ 8 /rik+ features on canvas8#dc ,0 x pure k9dness to a "y lit]>y woman t prompt$ him to invite ,janka ,wohl to 8 h\se to p>take ( un rpas trs apptissant1 & to read al\d to him aft]w>ds l'article biographique sur ,f4 ,l4 que n\s avons comm5c hi]8 ,if ?is same ,janka ,wohl1 :o by ! way 0 "o ( ^? flatt]+ fri5ds f :om ! prov]b prays ,heav5 to pres]ve u1 _h said to ,bee?ov51 or ,s*umann1 or ,brahms :at %e said to ,liszt3 ,! o!rs play pieces beautifully1 b y always play ! s\l1 ! ?\ghts1 & ! s5tim5ts ( ,liszt4 ,y transport u into a _w :i* w die ) y1 & ( :i* we %all h no?+ left b ! p>adise ( recollection--a p>adise out ( :i*1 z ! poets say1 we _c be driv5--w\ld ^! great self-=getful arti/s h giv5 h] su* an answ] z ,liszt's3 ,come1 come1 x is y :o are ! poet1 de> *ild2 b p]haps !re is "s tru? 9 :at y say8 ,no1 if ! ideali/ 9 ,liszt 0 (t5 smo!r$ & drugg$ into le?>gy by ?is miasma ( flatt]y1 x 0 /ill )9 8 p[] to seek a cle>]1 m inspir+ air4 ,& x 0 because he did n d s t !re grew up beside ! ideali/ 9 him t o!r ego ( ! poseur & *>latan2 & x is 8 fault z well z 8 mis=tune t po/]ity w see him1 z a y\?1 po/ur+ 9 ,s*aff]'s /udio1 &1 z an old man1 lay+ 8 h& on ! left lapel ( 8 abb's coat z he b[s to ! ladies 9 8 box4 ,^! grimaces & airs1 ?9 masks z !y are to ! he>t ( ! man1 h un=tunately project$ !mselves ov] into 8 music1 & :at is m surpris+1 h impos$ ^u c\ntless li/5]s1 & ev5 tra9$ critics1 :o h someh[ fail$ to disc]n _! artificiality4 ,!y are traceable *iefly 9 ! fundam5tal !mes2 = h[ev] skilfully a musician may ma/] 8 te*nic1 h[ev] mu* he may le>n to make ( 8 orig9al ideas by a clev] treatm5t1 he _c mat]ially alt] ^! ideas !mselves1 :i* are1 s to speak1 ! in/9ctive ?\ghts ( 8 m9d2 9 !m he /&s reveal$ = :at he f9ally & ess5tially is4 ,n[1 despite all ! m5tal virtuosity ) :i* ,liszt develops 8 ideas1 a virtuosity z a/\nd+1 & possibly z deceptive1 z ! physical virtuosity = :i* he is m fam\s1 ! ideas !mselves are = ! mo/ "p commonplace4 ,!y are n spontane\s expressions ( 8 own feel+1 b /udi$ ef=ts to impress 8 audi5ce4 ,!y /rut & maund] be=e u j z ,! ,ma/] /rutt$ & maund]$1 toss$ 8 hair1 fix$ 8 eyes on heav51 ?rew 8 h&s 9 air1 cr\*$ ov] ! keys1 smil$ & almo/ wept1 be=e 8 audi5ce4 ,!y are writt51 n f ! he>t1 b to ! gall]y2 _! magniloqu5ce is rhetoric1 _! sp>kle is ( t9sel1 _! s5tim5t is s5tim5tality4 ,liszt does n alt]nate1 l ,bee?ov51 ,s*umann1 ,ts*ak[sky1 or any compos] :o is pr(\ndly 9 e>ne/1 betwe5 manly =ce & fem99e t5d]ness2 he alt]nates betwe5 empty pomposity & equally empty mawki%ness4 ,illu/ration3 score ,figure ,,xxviii4 ,9 ^! !matic c\nt]feits ( 8 he makes rem>kably plausible imitations ( ! real ?+4 ,take1 = example1 ! fir/ !me ( 8 piano sonata 9 ,b-m9or 7,figure ,,xxviii71 a gr&iloqu5t recitative 9 octaves4 ,?is s\nds magnific5t en\gh at a fir/ he>+1 ) its /rongly individualiz$ rhy?m1 its /accato notes foll[$ by pauses1 its excit+ use ( ! dim9i%$ sev5? h>monies2 b on long] acqua9tance its !atricality1 its obvi\s artificiality1 its purely rhetorical effectiv5ess1 become only too app>5t2 l a s5t5ce pr9t$ all 9 italics1 x is impot5t ?r\gh v excess ( emphasis4 ,or take ! well-kn[n op5+ motive ( ! ,e-flat ,piano ,conc]to4 ,) its att5tion-seiz+ rhy?m & its *romatic melody x seems at fir/ fraught ) untold mean+1 a fiat1 an edict1 a proclamation4 ,b :at does x proclaim8 ,little1 x turns out z we g on1 except t ! compos] int5ds to electrify 8 he>]2 & ! he>]1 at fir/ duly a/oni%$1 gradually becomes indiff]5t4 ,give him a piece ( bread1 said ,wagn] ( ,liszt1 he w cov] x ) r$ pepp]4 ,s ) ! ma9 !mes ( ! ,fau/ & ,dante symphonies4 ,he is too anxi\s to impress u ) ! vague emotions1 ! indef9able ?rills1 ( 8 *romatic h>monies4 ,bo? !mes are s insi/5tly *romatic t ! li/5]'s m9d becomes satiat$1 jad$1 numb$4 ,wagn] knew h[ to manage ^! ?+s bett] :51 9 8 ,pilgrim's ,m>*1 he reliev$ ! wond]ful *romatic passage beg9n+ at ! sev5te5? measure by sett+ aga9/ x ! simple1 /rong triad h>monies ( ! op5+4 ,if ,liszt is unre/ra9$ 9 8 use ( ! italics & po9ts ( exclamation ( ! musical language1 s t 8 impressiv5ess g5]ally deg5]ates into rant+1 :5 he tries ! emotional he fairly wall[s4 ,x is h>d to f9d a p>allel 9 any o!r compos] = ^? passages ( 81 fairly r$ol5t ) s5tim5tality1 9 :i* he reit]ates1 ov] & ov] aga91 a s+le note1 z ! poet rolls "u 8 tongue 8 mi/ress's "n1 or ! g\rm&1 "u 81 a morsel ( pat de fois gras4 7,see ,figure ,,xxix1 a & b47 ,x is h>d1 9 any o!r compos] :o has _h ! advantage ( ,g]man traditions1 to f9d bits ( melody s feebly ,italian1 s sunk 9 an amiable b insidi\s s5suality1 z ! !mes ( 8 ,sonnetto del ,petr>ca or 8 ,album ,leaf no4 #b1 9 :i* he writes ) ! p5 dipp$ 9 violet wat] ( a ,donizetti or a ,bell9i4 ,8 h>monic idiom1 too1 is degrad$ by a simil> s5suality1 h[ev] disguis$4 ,h[ else ?an z proce$+ f a love = ?rills & swoons c we expla9 8 passion = ^? *ords1 su* z dim9i%$ sev5?s1 m9or n9?s1 & all mann] ( *romatically alt]$ *ords1 z ! !ori/s call !m1 :i*1 = "s reason nev] yet expla9$1 exhale mawki%ness z "s wom5 exhale musk8#dd ,illu/ration3 score 7a7 ,f ! ,piano ,sonata 9 ,b-m9or4 ,illu/ration3 score 7b7 ,f ! ,liebe/raum ,no4 #c4 ,figure ,,xxix4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+1 did x n involve a g5]al discussion "h out ( place1 to inquire h[ f> ! exagg]at$ expression ( ,liszt is due to ! lack ( spiritual1 moral1 & intellectual balance already not$ z *>act]i/ic ( ,fr5* romanticism4 ,surely !re is m ?an a /rik+ analogy1 !re is an actual relation ( cause & effect1 7 we b le>n$ & ke5 en\gh to trace x out1 betwe5 ! unre/ra9$ individualism ( ! romantici/1 9 politics1 religion1 love--& ! hy/]ical1 unreal feel+ ( ?is music4 ,bo? alike lose poise by tak+ an ov]-p]sonal view ( life4 ,liszt1 s s+ly set on be+ magnific5t or he>t-r5d+ 9 passion t he ignores ! re/ra9ts ( good ta/e1 =gets arti/ic res]ve1 & becomes 9 turn blu/]+ & crav51 rem9ds u ( ,r\sseau1 s 9 love ) 8 fix$ idea ( fre$om t he und]m9es ! f\ndations ( ! social ord] on :i* true fre$om dep5ds4 ,if ,liszt 7 q s9c]e 9 8 passionate extremes1 we %\ld h to =give !m z on ! :ole we =give ! (t5 crude gr&iloqu5ce ( ! ,gallic ,b]lioz4 ,:at makes ! ,hung>ian arti/ peculi>ly exasp]at+ is ! impression ( hypocrisy 9 8 h]oics t we _c escape or argue away4 ,he does n really feel ^! ?+s1 we disc]n2 he is ogl+ u1 he is pos+ = our b5efit2 all ! :ile t "o ( 8 eyes is s pr\dly fla%+ fire1 or s dev\tly gaz+ heav5w>d1 or s t\*+ly secret+ a te>1 ! o!r is w9k+ at 8 alt] ego1 ! ego t sits beh9d ! sc5es & pulls ! /r+s4 ,:at ^? ladies to :om he b[$ ) su* an irresi/ible *ivalry1 su* a noble humility1 w\ld h felt c\ld !y h read ! cynical ?\ghts ab\t wom5 :i* mean:ile fill$ 8 m9d1 t we feel :5 we realize t = all 8 pomp\s utt]ance1 = all 8 dreamy emotion1 he is 9 8 he>t laugh+ at u = be+ s oblig+ly impress$ by 8 rhodomontade4 ,we c =give1 we c ev5 r enjoy1 ! poseur :o is himself 9 love ) 8 pose1 b n ! *>latan :o makes capital ( our gullibility4 ,liszt %[s to f> bett] advantage1 h[ev]1 9 8 manipulation ( 8 ideas ?an 9 ! ideas !mselves2 = :]eas 9 ! latt] artificiality is a damn+ fault1 9 ! =m] art1 especially su* skilful art z 81 is a %9+ m]it4 ,8 plan ( comb9+ ! musical organization ( ! classici/s ) ! dramatic organization ( ,b]lioz 0 an int]e/+ & 9 "s ways a felicit\s "o4 ,by ! use ( program & lead+ motives he secur$ ! advantages ( ! reali/ic s*ool3 fre$om f ! %ackles ( ! /rict traditional sonata-=m1 & a poetic pr9ciple ( coh]5ce4 ,by reta9+ !matic developm5t1 he re9=c$ ?is poetic coh]5ce by musical logic1 & avoid$ to "s ext5t ! fragm5t>y effects into :i* unmodifi$ realism g5]ally falls4 ,to ! ?irte5 or*e/ral pieces 9 :i* he mo/ /rik+ly embodi$ ?is plan ( int]l9k$ dramatic & musical /ructure he gave ! "n ( ,pomes ,symphoniques1 g5]ally translat$ z ,symphonic ,poems ?\gh m precisely z ,or*e/ral ,poems4 ,he owes 8 *ief hi/orical importance to 8 creation ( ?is =m1 :i* he exemplifi$ also on a l>g] scale 9 8 ,fau/ & ,dante symphonies4 ,a brief analysis ( 8 mo/ popul> symphonic poem1 ,les ,prludes1 w make cle> ! peculi>ities ( ! type4 ,?is "w has a program1 tak5 f ,lam>t9e's ,mditations potiques1 z foll[s3-- ,:at is our life b a s]ies ( ,preludes to t unkn[n song ( :i* dea? /rikes ! fir/ solemn note8 ,love is ! en*ant$ dawn ( e life2 b :]e is ! de/9y 9 :i* ! fir/ pleasures ( happ9ess are n int]rupt$ by "s /orm1 ^: deadly brea? dissipates its fair illusions1 ^: fatal ?und]bolt consumes its alt>8 ,& :]e is ! s\l :i*1 cruelly w\nd$1 does n seek1 at ! com+ ( "o ( ^! /orms1 to calm its memories 9 ! tranquil life ( ! c\ntry8 ,man1 h[ev]1 _c long resign himself to ! k9dly t$ium :i* has at fir/ *>m$ him 9 ! companion%ip ( nature1 & :5 '! trumpet has s\nd$ ! signal ( al>ms1' he ha/5s to ! po/ ( p]il1 :atev] may be ! /rife :i* calls him to its ranks1 9 ord] to rega9 9 combat ! full consci\sness ( himself & ! complete comm& ( 8 p[]s4 ,?is program1 x w at once be se51 is f> m favorable to musical treatm5t ?an ,b]lioz's hot*-pot*es ( petty details & wild1 incongru\s fancies4 ,x is b slightly n>rative & descriptive1 pres5t+ r su* ab/ract emotional /ates z music c be/ depict4 ,& x has a natural symmetry & complet5ess ( its own :i* ! compos] has only to reproduce 9 ord] to give 8 music ! same desirable qualities4 ,?is he does by divid+ 8 piece into six sections1 :i* might be call$ ,introduction1 ,love1 ,/orm1 ,c\ntry ,life1 ,w>1 & ,coda or ,conclusion4 ,illu/ration3 score 7a7 ,illu/ration3 score 7b7 ,illu/ration3 score 7c7 ,illu/ration3 score 7d7 ,illu/ration3 score 7e7 ,illu/ration3 score 7f7 ,figure ,,xxx4 ,to ?is natural poetic /ructure ,liszt adds a mo/ +5i\s musical =m1 by bas+ 8 entire "w on two lead+ motives 7a & b 9 ,figure ,,xxx71 :i* he subjects to all mann] ( v>iation1 melodic1 h>monic1 rhy?mic1 z opportunity sugge/s4 ,"s ( ! m important ( ^! v>iants1 set d[n 9 ,figures ,,xxx-,,xxxiii1 des]ve c>eful att5tion4 ,! "w beg9s ) a recitative = /r+s1 &ante 7c71 d]iv$ f 7a7 by a modification ( rhy?m4 ,at page #g ( ! full or*e/ral score1 publi%$ by ,breitkopf & ,hrtel1 appe>s ano!r v>iant ( ! same !me1 &ante mae/oso 9 bass /r+s & brass 7d74 ,motive 7a7 is sung by ! 'cellos1 9 v ne>ly its primitive =m1 at page #ac 7e72 9 ! la/ measure ( ?is exc]pt ! v clev] e*o+ ( ! ?ree *>act]i/ic notes ( ! !me1 9 ! bass1 m>k$ by a/]isks1 %\ld be especially not$4 ,motive 7b71 symboliz+ love1 fir/ appe>s at page #ba1 s5su\sly set =? by f\r horns1 /r+s1 & h>p1 is tak5 up by ! wood w9d1 & is develop$ 9 a p[]ful climax1 at ! end ( :i* appe>s = a mom5t ! v>iant ( x repres5t$ at 7f74 ,?us 9 ! fir/ two sections ( ! poem are ! und]ly+ motives exp\nd$ & some:at develop$4 ,section ?ree1 ,/orm1 beg9s 7allegro ma non troppo1 page #cj7 ) a v !atrical v>iant ( motive a1 highly *>act]i/ic ( ,liszt1 9 :i* he resorts to ! *romatic scale belov$ ( all musical /orm-mak]s 7g1 ,figure ,,xxxi71 & lat] to an endless s]ies ( dim9i%$ sev5?s1 int5d$ = no?+ b to make our fle% creep 7h74 ,x is unnecess>y to foll[ out ?is section 9 detail2 x is ! lea/ int]e/+ ( all1 & illu/rates t elem5t ( claptrap :i* ,liszt c\ld nev] entirely elim9ate4 ,illu/ration3 score 7g7 ,illu/ration3 score 7h7 ,figure ,,xxxi4 ,illu/ration3 score 7i7 ,illu/ration3 score 7j7 ,illu/ration3 score 7k7 ,figure ,,xxxii4 ,! mood n[ *anges aga91 & ) 7i7 7,figure ,,xxxii71 a *>m+ly exp&$ v]sion ( motive a1 intru/$ to ! oboe1 an allegretto pa/orale is u%]$ 91 beg9n+ ! f\r? section1 ,c\ntry ,life4 ,a new !me1 ( fasc9at+ grace & fre%ness 7j71 n[ ent]s 9 ! horn1 & is pres5tly comb9$ ) motive b 9 :at seems on ! :ole ! mo/ delightful mom5t1 musically1 ( ! entire composition 7k74 ,a some:at l5g?y work+ out ( ^! comb9$ motives foll[s1 gradually gr[+ m & m agitat$1 until1 ) an adaptation ( ! protean motive 7a7 = horns & trumpets1 allegro m>ziale 7l7 7,figure ,,xxxiii71 ! fif? section1 ,w>1 is introduc$4 ,piccolos & drums become prom95t1 & at page #hb ( ! score ev5 ! love motive 7b7 takes on a militant "* 7m1 ,figure ,,xxxiii74 ,turmoil n[ increases /eadily until a sort ( apo!osis is rea*$ ) ! rentrance ( ! maje/ic passage 7d71 9 ,figure ,,xxx1 & ! poem comes to an impressive close4 ,illu/ration3 score 7l7 ,illu/ration3 score 7m7 ,figure ,,xxxiii4 ,! advantages ( su* a s*eme ( =m z is exemplifi$ 9 ,les ,prludes are _m2 & !y are made ! mo/ ( by ,liszt1 ) 8 accu/om$ clev]ness & long-head$ s5se = practical values4 ,= bo? ( ! two classes ( li/5]s t make up ! av]age conc]t audi5ce music made on ?is recipe has an appropriate appeal4 ,t class1 usually a majority1 :i* has little e> = music1 b likes to indulge itself 9 vague dreams1 pictorial imag9+s1 & n]v\s ?rills1 f9ds its acc\nt 9 ! program1 foll[s out ) int]e/ ! sugge/ions ( ! v>i\s moods1 su* z1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ! amor\s1 ! /ormy1 ! pa/oral1 ! w>like1 & gets its fill1 all along ! way1 ( brilliant & gorge\s tone-color+1 excit+ rhy?ms1 sombre1 ri*1 or my/]i\s h>monies4 ,at ! same "t ! m9ority ( true music-lov]s h1 z !y h n 9 ! works ( ,b]lioz1 a logical & lucid play ( def9ite motives to enjoy2 !y trace ) nev] fail+ int]e/ ! trans=mations ( a few simple !mes2 !y may entirely =get ! program1 & yet h pl5ty ( opportunity = an agreeable activity ( att5tion1 p]ception1 memory1 & imag9ation4 ,?us ea* he>] may pick out f ! mass ( conglom]ate impressions some?+ t appeals to him4 ,!re is a f9e fre$om ab\t ! symphonic poem :i* deg5]ates into lawlessness only :5 ! compos]'s skill is insuffici5t to hold x firmly 9 h&4 ,x is n1 l ! sonata & ! symphony1 condemn$ be=eh& to foll[ a c]ta9 c\rse1 to fill a pr$et]m9$ m\ld2 x c ramify1 z x proce$s1 9 ob$i5ce to its own lat5t possibilities4 ,a developm5t "h may be exp&$ to great l5g?1 an episode or repetition !re may be abbreviat$ to ! slighte/ possible compass2 s long z ea* l9k securely engages ! next1 s long z !re is no break 9 ! coh]5ce ( ! ?read1 ! he>] w be satisfi$4 ,?r\gh all ! twi/s & turns ! pres5ce ( ! fundam5tal melodies w save him f t s5se ( m]e drift+ :i* 0 s pa9ful to ,wagn] 9 li/5+ to ,b]lioz's ,romeo & ,juliet4 ,! symphonic poem be>s1 9 fact1 some:at ! same relation to ! symphony t rhym$ c\plets be> to a sonnet1 triolet1 or o!r conv5tional v]se-=m4 ,x exacts little ( /rict =malism2 b by reta9+1 und]nea? all its free ramification1 c]ta9 basic pr9ciples ( balance & symmetry1 x escapes ! pitfall ( amorph\sness1 & con/antly satisfies1 ?\gh 9 unexpect$ ways1 ! radical expectations ( ! intellig5t li/5]4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 ,liszt himself fell %ort ( realiz+ ! f9] pot5tialities ( 8 own device4 ,j z 8 primal melodies1 z we h already se51 are usually ( a /ilt$1 rhetorical1 & artificial "*1 8 treatm5t ( !m1 ! second b sc>cely less important ( ! processes ( composition1 is g5]ally labor$2 x is apt to be a clev] feat ( intellig5ce1 a sort ( m5tal leg]dema91 r ?an a spontane\s g]m9ation ( idea4 ,:at he said ( ,*op9's l>g] works1 t !y %[$ plus de volont que d'inspiration1 is true ( 8 own4 ,8 developm5ts are z (t5 di/ortions z fulfilm5ts1 & among 8 melodies !re are _m mon/]s4 ,plausible1 & ev5 w9n+1 z are at fir/ sight "s ( ! !matic trans=mations 7= we are apt to be won by any display ( intellig5ce1 no matt] h[ speci\s its ends71 on clos] inspection !y are se5 to be m]e juggl+4 ,! v>iants ( motive 7a71 9 ,les ,prludes1 %[n at 7c7 & 7d7 9 ,figure ,,xxx1 at 7g7 9 ,figure ,,xxxi1 & at 7l7 9 ,figure ,,xxxiii1 h an unpleasant sub-flavor ( artificiality2 analysis reveals _! d]ivation f ! p>5t motive1 b affection1 s to speak1 repudiates !m4 ,ev5 m is ?is ! case ) 7f7 9 ,figure ,,xxx1 & 7m7 9 ,figure ,,xxxiii1 :i*1 ?\gh we see t !y come f motive b1 we feel to be p>odies or c>icatures ( x1 be>+ only a sup]ficial resemblance to x1 & q devoid ( its ess5tial "*4 ,su* obs]vations make u wond] :e!r a !me is n truly z inconv]tible into any?+ else z any o!r individual be+1 & :e!r ! k9d ( !matic trans=mation1 or de=mation1 adopt$ by ,liszt1 is n aft] all intr9sically me*anical & in>ti/ic4 ,if ! read] w take ! tr\ble to look at "s typical example ( !matic evolution z x is practis$ by a ma/] l ,bee?ov51 su* z ! fir/ movem5t1 = in/ance1 ( ! ,eroica ,symphony1#de he w see :at a va/ diff]5ce !re is betwe5 su* inevitable draw+ =? ( ! v s\l ( a melody1 by a process z augu/ & beyond human :im z ! processes ( nature1 & ! labori\s +5uity ( ! compos] ( ,les ,prludes4 ,z 9 ?is all-important matt] ( !matic developm5t1 s is x 9 o!r subord9ate matt]s ( te*nic3 ,liszt1 all[+ m]e o/5tation1 imm$iate effect ^u an audi5ce1 to h too l>ge a "p 9 8 arti/ic ideal1 falls !reby into a hundr$ artificialities4 ,:ile he 0 alive ! extraord9>y magnetism ( 8 p]sonality c>ri$ x all (f1 by disguis+ ! factiti\sness ( 8 me?ods1 & re9=c+ imm5sely _! sup]ficial appeal2 b /ripp$ f himself & scann$ 9 ! cold imp]sonal light ( criticism1 8 gorge\s arti/ic acc\trem5ts look ?9 & tawdry1 & prove to be made1 n ( g5u9e gold1 b ( !atrical t9sel4 ,8 melody1 :5 x nei!r /ruts nor fawns1 is apt to /agnate4 ,8 furi\sly *romatic h>mony ga9s its effectiv5ess at ! exp5se ( solidity2 by too completely =gett+ key-relation%ip1 on :i* all g5u9e h>mony mu/ dep5d1 x falls into *aos1 z ! h>mony ( a ma/] su* z ,wagn] nev] does4 ,:5 x is bas$ on ! old ecclesia/ical modes in/ead ( on ! *romatic scale1 z 9 _m passages ( ! lat] religi\s works1 x is no less a fabrication1 an artifice3 ! ,pale/r9a-l end+ ( ! ,cr$o 9 ! ,gran ,mass1 = example1 is pseudo-m$ivalism1 su* z no mod]n compos] c\ld write spontane\sly4 ,8 or*e/ration1 mu* prais$1 is inde$ skilful1 b radically vulg>2 8 amor\s 'cellos & bray+ trombones are enemies fatal to arti/ic mod]ation & re/ra9t4 ,ev5 9 8 piano-writ+1 s l>ge an elem5t 9 8 fame1 8 me?ods are ^? ( b>b>ism4 ,he ignores ! lesson ( fitness t ,*op9 might h taught him1 & ov]/ra9s ! res\rces ( ! poor in/rum5t until1 in/ead ( a*iev+ its own unique possibilities1 x becomes a =lorn imitation ( an or*e/ra1 )\t an or*e/ra's v>iety1 sonority1 & gr&eur4 ,?us is ! virtuoso _s ( ,liszt1 :i* _h ?riv5 on adulation only too well f ! days :51 z le petit ,litz1 he made ! t\r ( ! boxes1 to ^? lat] days :51 z ,! ,ma/]1 he oscillat$ betwe5 ,rome & ,weim> 9 "o prolong$ triumph1 responsible = errors ( ta/e & judgm5t :i* s]i\sly impair ! value ( all 8 "w4 ,yet !re 0 9 him1 besides ! virtuoso :o f$ on applause & 0 n sup]ior to *>latanisms :5 !y s]v$ 8 purpose1 q ano!r be+1 :o aspir$ hone/ly to be a fai?ful s]vant ( art1 & :o br\ght to ! s]vice r>e intellectual p[]s4 ,?is 0 ! ,liszt :o befri5d$ all wor?y compos]s1 :o gave freely ( 8 "t1 8 money1 & 8 /r5g?1 :5ev] he saw m]it unackn[l$g$ or g5ius /ruggl+ = bread4 ,?is 0 ! ,liszt :o kept ,wagn] alive until ! _w c\ld le>n to appreciate him1 :o s\ght out ,cs> ,franck :5 he 0 ! obscure organi/ ( ,/4 ,clotilde1 :o risk$ 8 po/ z ,kapellmei/] 9 ord] to produce an op]a by 8 fri5d ,cornelius4 ,& ?is 0 ! ,liszt ^: ke5 wit disc]n$ ! pr9ciples ( comb9$ musical & dramatic =m on :i* works intr9sically f> sup]ior to 8 own 7 lat] writt5 by ,dvok1 ,smetana1 ,ts*ak[sky1 ,sa9t-,sans1 & ,ri*>d ,/rauss4 ,:atev] 8 purely musical p[]s1 8 indefatigable & highly cultivat$ m9d & 8 g5]\s he>t enabl$ him to play an important rle 9 ! hi/ory ( music4 ,,footnotes3 #ch ,ramann1 ,life ( ,liszt1 ,eng4 trans41 ,i1 #bah4 #ci ,lett]s ( ,liszt1 ed4 by ,la ,m>a1 ,eng4 trans41 ,i1 #h4 #dj ,brahms is said to h fall5 asleep dur+ ,liszt's p]=mance ( x4 ,see ,dr4 ,william ,mason's ,memories ( a ,musical ,life4 #da ,amy ,fay1 ,music ,/udy 9 ,g]many4 #db ,janka ,wohl1 ,recollections ( ,liszt1 ,eng4 trans41 p4 #i4 #dc ,ibid41 p4 #ahg4 #dd ,see1 z examples ( ?is cloy+ h>monization1 bo? exc]pts 9 ,figure ,,xxix1 or almo/ any ( ! ,consolations & ,liebe/rume4 ,an especially flagrant in/ance may be f\nd 9 ! ,piano ,sonata 9 ,b-m9or1 edition ( ,breitkopf & ,hrtel1 p4 #bi1 ! la/ measure4 #de ,see ! pres5t au?or's ,bee?ov5 & 8 ,=]unn]s1 pp4 #caf-cba4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3 ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,a numb] ( words 9 ?is book h bo? hyph5at$ & non-hyph5at$ v>iants4 ,= ! words ) bo? v>iants pres5t ! "o m us$ has be5 kept4 ,obvi\s punctuation & o!r pr9t+ errors h be5 correct$4