,,the ,,speeches ,,table-,,talk ,,of ,,the ,,prophet ,,mohammad ,chosen and ,translated1 with ,introduction and ,notes1 ,,by ,,stanley ,,lane-,,poole ,london ,,macmillan ,,and ,,co4 #ahhb ,,god6 ,,there ,,is ,,no ,,god ,,but ,,he1 ,,the ,,living1 ,,the ,,steadfast6 ,,slumber ,,seizeth ,,him ,,not1 ,,nor ,,sleep4 ,,whatsoever ,,is ,,in ,,the ,,heavens1 ,,and ,,whatsoever ,,is ,,in ,,the ,,earth1 ,,is ,,his4 ,,who ,,is ,,there ,,that ,,shall ,,plead ,,with ,,him ,,save ,,by ,,his ,,leave8 ,,he ,,knoweth ,,what ,,was ,,before ,,them ,,and ,,what ,,shall ,,come ,,after ,,them1 ,,and ,,they ,,compass ,,not ,,aught ,,of ,,his ,,knowledge1 ,,but ,,what ,,he ,,willeth4 ,,his ,,throne ,,overspreadeth ,,the ,,heavens ,,and ,,the ,,earth1 ,,and ,,the ,,keeping ,,of ,,both ,,is ,,no ,,burden ,,to ,,him3 ,,and ,,he ,,is ,,the ,,high1 ,,the ,,great6 ,,the ,,throne ,,verse1 ii4 #bef4 ,,introduction4 ,the aim of this little volume is to present all that is most enduring and memorable in the public orations and private sayings of the prophet ,mohammad in such a form that the general reader may be tempted to learn a little of what a great man was and of what made him great4 ,at present1 it must be allowed that although 8,auld ,mahound0 is a household word1 he is very little more than a word4 ,things are constantly being said1 written1 and preached about the ,arab prophet and the religion he taught1 of which an elementary acquaintance with him would show the absurdity4 ,no one would dare to treat the ordinary classics of ,european literature in this fashion2 or1 if he did1 his exposure would immediately ensue4 ,what ,i wish to do is to enable any one1 at the cost of the least possible exertion1 to put himself into a position to judge of popular fallacies about ,mohammad and his creed as surely and certainly as he can judge of errors in ordinary education and scholarship4 ,i do not wish to mention the ,korn by name more than can be helped1 for ,i have observed that the word has a deterrent effect upon readers who like their literary food light and easy of digestion4 ,it cannot1 however1 be disguised that a great deal of this book consists of the ,korn1 and it may therefore be as well to explain away as far as possible the prejudice which the ill-fated name is apt to excite4 ,it is not easy to say for how much of this prejudice the standard ,english translator is responsible4 ,the patient and meritorious ,george ,sale put the ,korn into tangled ,english and heavy quarto1--people read quartos then and did not call them ditions de luxe1--his version then appeared in a clumsy octavo1 with most undesirable type and paper2 finally it has come out in a cheap edition1 of which it need only be said that utility rather than taste has been consulted4 ,one can hardly blame any one for refusing to look even at the outsides of these volumes4 ,and the inside1--not the mere outward inside1 if ,i may so say1 the type and paper1--but the heart of hearts1 the matter itself1 is by no means calculated to tempt a reluctant reader4 ,the ,korn is there arranged according to the orthodox form1 instead of in chronological order1--it must be allowed that the chronological order was not discovered in ,sale's time1--and the result is that impression of chaotic indefiniteness which impressed ,carlyle so strongly1 and which ,carlyle has impressed upon most of the present generation4 ,a large disorderly collection of prophetic rhapsody did not prove inviting1 as the state of popular knowledge about ,mohammad very clearly shows4 ,the attitude of the multitude towards ,sale's ,korn was on the whole reasonable4 ,but if the faults that were found there are shown to belong to ,sale and not to the ,korn1 or only partly to it1 the attitude should change4 ,in the first place1 the ,korn is not a large book1 and in the second1 it is by no means so disorderly and anarchic as is commonly supposed4 ,reckoned by the number of verses1 the ,korn is only two-thirds of the length of the ,new ,testament1 or1 if the wearisome stories of the ,jewish patriarchs which ,mohammad told and retold are omitted1 it is no more than the ,gospels and ,acts4 ,it has been remarked that the ,sunday edition of the ,new ,york ,herald is three times as long4 ,but the real permanent contents of the ,korn may be taken at far less even than this estimate4 ,the book is full--,i will not say of vain repetitions1 for in teaching and preaching repetition is necessary--but of reiterations of certain cardinal articles of faith1 and certain standard demonstrations of these articles by the analogy of nature4 ,like the numerous stories borrowed by ,mohammad from the ,talmud1 which have little but an antiquarian interest1 many of these reiterated arguments and illustrations may with advantage be passed over4 ,there is also a considerable portion of the ,korn which is devoted to the exposure and confutation of those who1 from political1 commercial1 or religious motives1 made it their business to thwart ,mohammad in his efforts to reform his people4 ,these personal1 one might say party1 speeches are valuable only to the biographer and historian of the times4 ,they throw but little light on the character of the man ,mohammad himself4 ,they show him1 indeed1 to be--what we knew him before--a sensitive1 irritable man1 keenly alive to ridicule and scorn4 ,but for this purpose one instance is sufficient4 ,we do not form our estimate of a great statesman from his moments of irritation1 but from those larger utterances which reveal the results of a life's study of men and government4 ,so with ,mohammad1 we may abandon the personal and temporary element in the ,korn1 and base our judgment upon those utterances which stand for all time1 and deal not with individuals or classes1 but with man as he is1 in ,arabia or ,england1 or where we will4 ,this position is not taken with the object of saving ,mohammad from himself4 ,his attacks upon his opponents will bear comparison with those of other statesmen4 ,they are doubtless couched in more barbaric language than we are accustomed to1 and where we insinuate1 ,mohammad curses outright4 ,but in the face of a treacherous and malignant opposition1 the ,arabian prophet comported himself with singular self-restraint4 ,he only threatened hell-fire1 and people of all denominations are still threatened with that every ,sunday1 to say nothing of ,lent4 ,leaving out the ,jewish stories1 needless repetitions1 and temporary exhortations or personal vindications1 the speeches of ,mohammad may be set forth in very moderate compass4 ,one speech--sura1 or chapter1 as it is generally called--follows another so much to the same effect1 that a limited number will be found to contain all the ideas which a minute study of the whole ,korn could collect4 ,i believe there is nothing important1 either in doctrine or style1 which is not contained in the twenty-eight speeches which fill the first hundred and thirty pages of this small volume4 ,if ,i were a ,mohammadan1 ,i think ,i could accept the present collection as a sufficient representation of what the ,korn teaches4 ,the obscurity of the ,korn is largely due to its ordinary arrangement4 ,this consists merely in putting the longest chapters first and the shortest last4 ,the ,mohammadans appear to be contented with this curious order1 which after all is not more remarkable than that of some other sacred books4 ,german criticism1 however1 has discovered the method of arranging the ,korn in approximately chronological sequence4 ,to explain how this is established would carry me too far1 but the results are certain4 ,we can state positively that the chapters of the ,korn--or1 as ,i prefer to call them1 the speeches of ,mohammad--fall into certain definite chronological groups1 and if we cannot arrange each individual speech in its precise place1 we can at least tell to which group1 extending over but few years1 it belongs4 ,the effect of this critical arrangement is to throw a perfectly clear light on the development of ,mohammad's teaching1 and the changes in his style and method4 ,when the ,korn is thus arranged--as it is in ,mr4 ,rodwell's charming version1 which deserves to be better read than it is--the impression of anarchy disappears1 and we see only the growth of a remarkable mind1 the alternations of weakness and strength in a gifted soul1 the inevitable inconsistencies of a great man4 ,i do not believe any one who reads the speeches of ,mohammad as ,i have arranged them in ,professor ,nldeke's chronological order will say that they have no definite aim or coherence4 ,they may be monotonous1 and often they are rambling1 but their intention and sequence of thought are to me clear as noonday4 ,it is something more1 however1 than any supposed length or obscurity that has hitherto scared people from the ,koran4 ,the truth is that the atmosphere of our ,arabian prophet's thoughts is so different from what we breathe ourselves1 that it needs a certain effort to transplant ourselves into it4 ,that it can be done1 and done triumphantly1 may be proved by ,mr4 ,browning's ,saul1 as ,semitic a poem as ever came from the desert itself4 ,we see the whole life and character of the ,bedawy in these lines3-- ,oh1 our manhood's prime vigour6 ,no spirit feels waste1 ,not a muscle is stopped in its playing nor sinew unbraced4 ,oh1 the wild joys of living6 the leaping from rock unto rock1 ,the strong rending of boughs from the fir-tree1 the cool silver shock ,of the plunge in the pool's living water1 the hunt of the bear1 ,and the sultriness showing the lion is couched in his lair4 ,and the meal1 the rich dates yellowed over with gold dust divine1 ,and the locust flesh steeped in the pitcher1 the deep draught of wine1 ,and the sleep in the dried river-channel1 where bulrushes tell ,that the water was wont to go warbling so softly and well4 ,how good is man's life1 the mere living6 how fit to employ ,all the heart and the soul and the senses for ever in joy4 ,it is not easy to catch the ,arab spirit as ,mr4 ,browning has caught it4 ,arab poetry is a sealed book to most1 even among special ,orientalists2 they construe it1 but it does not move them4 ,the cause is to be found in the abrupt transition of thought which is required if we would enter into the spirit of desert song4 ,the ,arab stands in direct contrast to ourselves of the north4 ,he is not in the least like an ,englishman4 ,his mind travels by entirely different routes from ours1 and his body is built up of much more inflammable materials4 ,his free desert air makes him impatient of control in a degree which we can scarcely understand in an organised community4 ,it is difficult now to conceive a nation without cabinets and secretaries of ,state and policemen1 yet to the ,arab these things were not only unknown but inconceivable4 ,he lived the free aimless satisfied life of a child4 ,he was supremely content with the exquisite sense of simple existence1 and was happy because he lived4 ,throughout a life that was full of energy1 of passion1 of strong endeavour after his ideal of desert perfectness1 there was yet a restful sense of satisfied enjoyment1 a feeling that life was of a surety well worth living4 ,what his ideal was1 and how different from any of the ideals of to-day1 we know from his own poetry4 ,it was1 not in the gentler virtues that he prided himself3-- ,had ,i been a son of ,mzin1 there had not plundered my herds the sons of the child of the dust1 ,dhuhl1 son of ,sheybn4 ,there had straightway arisen to help me a heavy-handed kin1 good smiters when help is needed1 though the feeble bend to the blow3 ,men who1 when ,evil bares before them his hindmost teeth1 fly gaily to meet him in companies or alone4 ,they ask not their brother1 when he lays before them his wrong in his trouble1 to give them proof of the truth of what he says4 ,but as for my people1 though their number be not small1 they are good for naught against evil1 however light it be2 ,they requite with forgiveness the wrong of those that do them wrong1 and the evil deeds of the evil they meet with kindness and love6 ,as though thy ,lord had created among the sons of men themselves alone to fear him1 and never one man more4 ,would that ,i had in their stead a folk who1 when they ride forth1 strike swiftly and hard1 on horse or on camel borne6 ,the ideal warrior1 however1 is not always so fierce as this1 as may be seen in the following lament for a departed hero1 where a gentler touch mingles in its warlike manliness3-- ,but know ye if ,abdallah be gone1 and his place a void8 no weakling1 unsure of hand1 and no holder-back was he6 ,alert1 keen1 his loins well girt1 his leg to the middle bare1 unblemished and clean of limb1 a climber to all things high3 ,no wailer before ill-luck1 one mindful in all he did1 to think how his work to-day would live in to-morrow's tale4 ,content to bear hunger's pain1 though meat lay beneath his hand1 to labour in ragged shirt that those whom he served might rest4 ,if ,dearth laid her hand on him1 and ,famine devoured his store1 he gave but the gladlier what little to him they spared4 ,he dealt as a youth with ,youth1 until1 when his head grew hoar1 and age gathered o'er his brow1 to ,lightness he said--,begone6 ,the fierceness of the ,arab warrior was tempered by those virtues in which more civilised nations are found wanting4 ,if he was swift to strike1 the ,arab was also prompt to succour1 ready to give shelter and protection even to his worst enemy4 ,the hospitality of the ,arab is a proverb1 but unlike many proverbs it is strictly true4 ,the last milch-camel must be killed rather than the duties of the host neglected4 ,the chief of a clan--not necessarily the richest man in it1 but the strongest and wisest--set the example in all ,arab virtues1 and his tent was so placed in the camp that it was the first the enemy would attack1 and also the first that the wayworn traveller would approach4 ,beacons were lighted hard by to guide wanderers to the hospitable haven1 and any man1 of whatever condition1 who came to the ,arab nobleman's tent and said1 8,i throw myself on your honour10 was safe from pursuit even at the cost of his host's life4 ,honour1 like hospitality1 meant more than it does now2 and the ,arab chieftain's pledge of welcome meant protection1 unswerving fidelity1 help1 and succour4 ,like his pride of birth1 devotion to the clan1 courage1 and generosity1 this hospitable trusty friendship of the ,arab belongs no doubt to the barbarous virtues of the old world2 but it is just these parts of barbarism which civilisation might profitably emulate4 ,as a friend and as an enemy there was no ambiguity about the ,arab4 ,in both relations he was frank1 generous1 and fearless4 ,and the same may be said of his love4 ,the ,arab of the ,days of ,ignorance1 as ,mohammadans style the time before the birth of their prophet1 was the forerunner of the best side of medival chivalry1 which indeed is forced to own an ,arabian origin4 ,the ,arab chief was as much a knight-errant in love as he was a chivalrous opponent in fight4 ,the position of the women of ,arabia before the coming of ,mohammad has often been commiserated4 ,that women were probably held in low esteem in the town-life which formed an important factor in the ,arabian polity is probably true2 savage virtues are apt to disappear in the civilised society of cities4 ,but poetry is a good test of a nation's character1--not1 perhaps1 of a highly civilised nation1 for then affectation and the vogue come into play1--but undoubtedly of a partly savage nation1 where poets only say what they and their fellow men feel4 ,arabian poetry is full of a chivalrous reverence for women4 ,allowing for difference of language and the varieties of human nature1 it is much more reverent than a great deal of the poetry of our own country to-day4 ,in the old days1 says an ancient writer1 the true ,arab had but one love1 and her he loved till death4 ,the ,bedawy or ,arab of the desert1 though he was not above a certain amount of gallantry of a romantic and exciting order1 regarded women as divinities to be worshipped1 not as chattels to possess4 ,the poems are full of instances of the courtly respect1 8full of state and ancientry10 displayed by the heroes of the desert towards defenceless maidens1 and the mere existence of so general an ideal of conduct in the poems is a strong argument for ,arab chivalry2 for with the ,arabs the abyss between the ideal accepted of the mind and the attaining thereof in action was narrower than it is among more advanced nations4 ,we remember the story of ,antar1 the ,bayard of pagan ,arabia1 who gave his life to guard some helpless women2 and recall these verses of ,muweylik1 which breathe a tender chivalrous regret for an only love3-- ,take thou thy way by the grave wherein thy dear one lies-- ,umm el-,al--and lift up thy voice3 ah6 if she could hear6 ,how art thou come1 for very fearful wast thou1 to dwell in a land where not the most valiant goes but with quaking heart8 ,god's love be thine and ,his mercy1 ,o thou dear lost one6 not meet for thee is the place of shadow and loneliness4 ,and a little one hast thou left behind--,god's ruth on her6 she knows not what to bewail thee means1 yet weeps for thee1 ,for she misses those sweet ways of thine which thou hadst with her1 and the long night wails1 and we strive to hush her to sleep in vain4 ,when her crying smites in the night upon my sleepless ears1 straightway mine eyes brimful are filled from the well of tears4 ,if anywhere poetry is a gauge of national character1 it was so in ,arabia1 for nowhere was it more a part of the national life4 ,that line1 8to think how his work to-day would live in to-morrow's tale10 is a true touch4 ,the ,arabs were before all things a poetical people4 ,it is not easy to judge of this poetry in translation1 even in the fine renderings which ,i have taken above from ,mr4 ,c4 ,j4 ,lyall1 but its effect on the ,arabs themselves was unmistakeable4 ,damiri has a saying1 8,wisdom hath alighted on three things1 the brain of the ,franks1 the hands of the ,chinese1 and the tongue of the ,arabs10 and the last is not the least true4 ,they had an annual fair1 the ,acadmie franaise of ,arabia1 where the poets of rival clans recited their masterpieces before immense audiences1 and received the summary criticism of the multitude4 ,this fair of ,okadh was a literary congress1 without formal judges1 but with unbounded influence4 ,it was here that the polished heroes of the desert determined points of grammar and prosody2 here the seven 8,golden ,songs0 were sung1 although 7alas for the legend67 they were not afterwards suspended in the ,kaaba2 and here 8a magical language1 the language of the ,hijaz10 was built out of the dialects of ,arabia and made ready to the skilful hand of ,mohammad1 that he might conquer the world with his ,korn4 ,hitherto we have been looking at but one side of ,arab life4 ,the ,bedawis were indeed the bulk of the race and furnished the swords of the ,muslim conquests2 but there was also a vigorous town-life in ,arabia1 and the citizens waxed rich with the gains of their trafficking4 ,for through ,arabia ran the trade-route between east and west3 it was the ,arab traders who carried the produce of the ,yemen to the markets of ,syria2 and how ancient was their commerce one may divine from the words of a poet of ,judaea1 spoken more than a thousand years before the coming of ,mohammad-- ,wedan and ,javan from ,sana paid for thy produce3 sword-blades1 cassia1 and calamus were in thy trafficking4 ,dedan was thy merchant in saddle-cloths for riding4 ,arabia and all the merchants of ,kedar1 they were the merchants of thy hand2 in lambs and rams and goats1 in these were they thy merchants4 ,the merchants of ,sheba and ,raamah1 they were thy merchants2 with the chief of all spices1 and with every precious stone1 and gold1 they paid for thy produce4 ,,ezekiel xxvii4 #ai-bb4 ,mekka was the centre of this trading life1 the typical ,arab city of old times1 a stirring little town1 with its caravans bringing the silks and woven stuffs of ,syria and the far-famed damask1 and carrying away the sweet-smelling produce of ,arabia1 frankincense1 cinnamon1 sandal-wood1 aloe and myrrh1 and the dates and leather and metals of the south1 and the goods that came to the ,yemen from ,africa and even ,india2 its assemblies of merchant-princes in the ,council ,hall near the ,kaaba2 and again its young poets running over with love and gallantry2 its ,greek and ,persian slave-girls brightening the luxurious banquet with their native songs1 when as yet there was no ,arab school of music and the monotonous but not unmelodious chant of the camel-driver was the national song of ,arabia2 and its club1 where busy men spent their idle hours in playing chess and draughts1 or in gossiping with their acquaintance4 ,it was a little republic of commerce1 too much infected with the luxuries and refinements of the states it traded with1 yet retaining enough of the free ,arab nature to redeem it from the charge of effeminacy4 ,mekka was a home of music and poetry1 and this characteristic lasted into ,muslim times4 ,there is a story of a certain stonemason who had a wonderful gift of singing4 ,when he was at work the young men used to come and importune him1 and bring him gifts of money and food to induce him to sing4 ,he would then make a stipulation that they should first help him with his work4 ,and forthwith they would strip off their cloaks1 and the stones would gather round him rapidly4 ,then he would mount a rock and sing1 whilst the whole hill was coloured red and yellow with the variegated garments of his audience4 ,it was1 however1 in this town-life that the worst qualities of the ,arab came out2 it was here that his raging passion for dicing and his thirst for wine were most prominent4 ,in the desert there was no great opportunity for indulging in either luxury1 but in a town which often welcomed a caravan bringing goods to the value of twenty thousand pound such excesses were to be looked for4 ,excited by the songs of the ,greek slave-girls1 and the fumes of mellow wine1 the ,mekkan would throw the dice till1 like the ,german of ,tacitus1 he had staked and lost his own liberty4 ,but ,mekka was more than a centre of trade and of song4 ,it was the focus of the religion of the ,arabs4 ,thither the tribes went up every year to kiss the black stone which had fallen from heaven in the primeval days of ,adam1 and to make the seven circuits of the ,kaaba1 naked1--for they would not approach ,god in the garments in which they had done their sins1--and to perform the other ceremonies of the pilgrimage4 ,the ,kaaba1 a cubical building in the centre of ,mekka1 was the most sacred temple in all ,arabia1 and it gave its sanctity to all the district around4 ,it was built1 saith tradition1 by ,adam from a heavenly model1 and then rebuilt from time to time by ,seth and ,abraham and ,ishmael1 and less reverend persons1 and it contained the sacred things of the land4 ,here was the black stone1 here the great god of red agate1 and the three hundred and sixty idols1 one for each day of the year1 which ,mohammad afterwards destroyed in one day4 ,here was ,abraham's stone1 and that other which marked the tomb of ,ishmael1 and hard by was ,zemzem1 the ,god-sent spring which gushed from the sand when the forefather of the ,arabs was perishing of thirst4 ,the religion of the ancient ,arabs1 little as we know of it1 is especially interesting inasmuch as the ,arabs longest retained the original ,semitic character1 and hence probably the original ,semitic religion2 and thus in the ancient cult of ,arabia we may see the religion once professed by ,chaldeans1 ,canaanites1 ,israelites1 and ,phnicians4 ,this ancient religion 8rises little higher than animistic polydaemonism2 it is a collection of tribal religions standing side by side1 only loosely united1 though there are traces of a once closer connection40 ,the great objects of worship were the sun1 and the stars1 and the three moon-goddesses1--,el-,lt1 the bright moon1 ,menh1 the dark1 and ,el-,uzza1 the union of the two--whilst a lower cultus of trees1 stones1 and mountains shows that the religion had not quite risen above simple fetishism4 ,there are traces of a belief in a supreme ,god behind this pantheon1 and the moon-goddesses and other divinities were regarded as daughters of the ,most ,high ,god 7,allh tala74 ,the various deities 7but not the supreme ,allh7 had their fanes where human sacrifices1 though rare1 were not unknown2 and their cult was superintended by a hereditary line of seers1 who were held in great reverence1 but never developed into a priestly caste4 ,besides the tribal gods1 individual households had their special penates1 to whom was due the first and the last salm of the returning or outgoing master4 ,but in spite of all this superstitious apparatus the ,arabs were never a religious people4 ,in the old days1 as now1 they were reckless1 sceptical1 materialistic4 ,they had their gods and their divining arrows1 but they were ready to demolish both if the responses proved contrary to their wishes4 ,an ,arab1 who wished to avenge the death of his father1 went to consult the square block of white stone called ,el-,khalasa1 by means of divining arrows4 ,three times he tried1 and each time he drew the arrow forbidding vengeance4 ,then he broke the arrows1 and flung them in the face of the idol1 crying1 8,wretch6 if it had been your father who was murdered1 you would not have forbidden me to avenge him60 ,the great majority believed in no future life1 nor in a reckoning day of good and evil4 ,if a few tied camels to the graves of the dead that the corpse might ride mounted to the judgment-seat1 they must have done so more by force of superstitious habit than anything else4 ,christianity and ,judaism had made but small impress upon the ,arabs4 ,there were ,jewish tribes in the north1 and there is evidence in the ,korn and elsewhere that the traditions and rites of ,judaism were widely known in ,arabia4 ,but the creed was too narrow and too exclusively national to commend itself to the majority of the people4 ,christianity fared even worse4 ,whether or not ,st4 ,paul went there1 it is at least certain that very little effect was produced by the preaching of ,christianity in ,arabia4 ,we hear of ,christians on the borders1 and even two or three among the ,mekkans1 and bishops and churches are spoken of at ,dhafr and ,nejrn4 ,but the ,christianity that the ,arabs knew was1 like the ,judaism of the northern tribes1 a very imperfect reflection of the faith it professed to be4 ,it had become a thing of the head instead of the heart1 and the refinements of monophysite and monothelite doctrines gained no hold on the ,arab mind4 ,thus ,judaism and ,christianity1 though they were well known1 and furnished many of the ideas and most of the ceremonies of ,islm1 were never able to effect any general settlement in ,arabia4 ,the common ,arabs did not care much about any religion1 and the finer spirits found the wrangling dogmatism of the ,christian and the narrow isolation of the ,jew little to their mind4 ,for there were men before the time of ,mohammad who were dissatisfied with the low fetishism in which their countrymen were plunged1 and who protested emphatically against the idle and often cruel superstitions of the ,arabs4 ,not to refer to the prophets1 who1 as the ,korn relates1 were sent in old times to the tribes of ,ad and ,thamd to convert them1 there was1 immediately before the preaching of ,mohammad1 a general feeling that a change was at hand2 a prophet was expected1 and women were anxiously hoping for male children1 if so be they might mother the ,apostle of ,god2 and the more thoughtful minds1 tinged with traditions of ,judaism1 were seeking for what they called the 8religion of ,abraham40 ,these men were called 8,hanfs10 or 8incliners10 and their religion seems to have consisted chiefly in a negative position1--in denying the superstition of the ,arabs1 and in only asserting the existence of one sole-ruling ,god whose absolute slaves are all mankind--without being able to decide on any minor doctrines1 or to determine in what manner this ,one ,god was to be worshipped4 ,so long as the ,hanfs could give their countrymen no more definite creed than this1 their influence was limited to a few inquiring and doubting minds4 ,it was reserved for ,mohammad to formulate the faith of the ,hanfs in the dogmas of ,islm4 ,it is essential to bear in mind all these surroundings of ,mohammad if we would understand his position and influence4 ,a desert ,arab in love of liberty and worship of nature's beauty1 but lacking something of the frank chivalrous spirit of the desert warrior--more a saint than a knight1--yet possessing a patient determined perseverance which belonged to the life of the town1 a moral force which the roaming ,bedawy did not need1 ,mohammad owed something to either side of ,arabian life2 whilst without the influence of other religions1 especially the ,jewish1 he could never have come forward as the preacher of ,islm4 ,even the old nature worship of the ,arabs had its share in the new religion1 and no faith was made up of more varied materials than that which ,mohammad impressed upon so large a portion of mankind4 ,of his early life very little is known4 ,he was born in ,a4,d4 #ega1 and came of the noble tribe of the ,koreysh1 who had long been guardians of the sacred ,kaaba4 ,he lost both his parents early1 and as his branch of the tribe had become poor1 his duty was to betake himself to the hillsides and pasture the flocks of his neighbours4 ,in after years he would look back with pleasure on these days1 and say that ,god took never a prophet save from among the sheep-folds4 ,the life on the hills gave him the true shepherd's eye for nature which is seen in every speech of the ,korn2 and it was in those solitary watches under the silent sky1 with none near to distract him1 that he began those earnest communings with his soul which made him in the end the prophet of his nation4 ,beyond this shepherd life and his later and more adventurous trade of camel-driver to the ,syrian caravans of his rich cousin1 ,khadja1 whom he presently married at the age of twenty-five1 there is little that can be positively asserted of ,mohammad's youth4 ,he must have witnessed the poets' contests at the ,fair of ,okadh1 and listened to the earnest talk of the ,jews and ,hanfs who visited the markets2 he may have heard a little1 dimly1 of ,jesus of ,nazareth2 what he did we know not2 what he was is expressed in the nickname by which he was known--8,el-,amn10 the ,trusty4 8,mohammad was of the middle height1 rather thin1 but broad of shoulders1 wide of chest1 strong of bone and muscle4 ,his head was massive1 strongly developed4 ,dark hair1 slightly curled1 flowed in a dense mass almost to his shoulders2 even in advanced age it was sprinkled with only about twenty gray hairs1 produced by the agonies of his #8,revelations4' ,his face was oval-shaped1 slightly tawny of colour4 ,fine long arched eyebrows were divided by a vein1 which throbbed visibly in moments of passion4 ,great black restless eyes shone out from under long heavy eyelashes4 ,his nose was large1 slightly aquiline4 ,his teeth1 upon which he bestowed great care1 were well set1 dazzling white4 ,a full beard framed his manly face4 ,his skin was clear and soft1 his complexion #8red and white1' his hands were as #8silk and satin1' even as those of a woman4 ,his step was quick and elastic1 yet firm as that of one who steps #8from a high to a low place4' ,in turning his face he would also turn his whole body4 ,his whole gait and presence were dignified and imposing4 ,his countenance was mild and pensive4 ,his laugh was rarely more than a smile4 8,in his habits he was extremely simple1 though he bestowed great care on his person4 ,his eating and drinking1 his dress and his furniture retained1 even when he had reached the fulness of power1 their almost primitive nature4 ,the only luxuries he indulged in were1 besides arms1 which he highly prized1 a pair of yellow boots1 a present from the ,negus of ,abyssinia4 ,perfumes1 however1 he loved passionately1 being most sensitive to smells4 ,strong drink he abhorred4 8,his constitution was extremely delicate4 ,he was nervously afraid of bodily pain2 he would sob and roar under it4 ,eminently unpractical in all common things of life1 he was gifted with mighty powers of imagination1 elevation of mind1 delicacy and refinement of feeling4 #8,he is more modest than a virgin behind her curtain1' it was said of him4 ,he was most indulgent to his inferiors1 and would never allow his awkward little page to be scolded whatever he did4 #8,ten years1' said ,anas his servant1 #8was ,i about the ,prophet1 and he never said as much as 8uff0 to me4' ,he was very affectionate towards his family4 ,one of his boys died on his breast in the smoky house of the nurse1 a blacksmith's wife4 ,he was very fond of children2 he would stop them in the streets and pat their little heads4 ,he never struck any one in his life4 ,the worst expression he ever made use of in conversation was1 #8,what has come to him8 may his forehead be darkened with mud6' ,when asked to curse some one1 he replied1 #8,i have not been sent to curse1 but to be a mercy to mankind4' #8,he visited the sick1 followed any bier he met1 accepted the invitation of a slave to dinner1 mended his own clothes1 milked the goats1 and waited upon himself1' relates summarily another tradition4 ,he never first withdrew his hand out of another man's palm1 and turned not before the other had turned4 8,he was the most faithful protector of those he protected1 the sweetest and most agreeable in conversation4 ,those who saw him were suddenly filled with reverence2 those who came near him loved him2 they who described him would say1 #8,i have never seen his like either before or after4' ,he was of great taciturnity1 but when he spoke it was with emphasis and deliberation1 and no one could forget what he said4 ,he was1 however1 very nervous and restless withal2 often low-spirited1 downcast1 as to heart and eyes4 ,yet he would at times suddenly break through these broodings1 become gay1 talkative1 jocular1 chiefly among his own4 ,he would then delight in telling little stories1 fairy tales1 and the like4 ,he would romp with the children and play with their toys40 8,he lived with his wives in a row of humble cottages1 separated from one another by palm-branches1 cemented together with mud4 ,he would kindle the fire1 sweep the floor1 and milk the goats himself4 ,the little food he had was always shared with those who dropped in to partake of it4 ,indeed1 outside the prophet's house was a bench or gallery1 on which were always to be found a number of poor1 who lived entirely upon his generosity1 and were hence called #8the people of the bench4' ,his ordinary food was dates and water1 or barley bread2 milk and honey were luxuries of which he was fond1 but which he rarely allowed himself4 ,the fare of the desert seemed most congenial to him1 even when he was sovereign of ,arabia40 ,mohammad was forty before he began his mission of reform4 ,he may long have doubted and questioned with himself1 but at least outwardly he seems to have conformed to the popular religion4 ,at length1 as he was keeping the sacred months1 the ,god's ,truce of the ,arabs1 in prayer and fasting on ,mount ,hir1 8a huge barren rock1 torn by cleft and hollow ravine1 standing out solitary in the full white glare of the desert sun10 he thought he heard a voice say 8,cry40 8,what shall ,i cry80 he answered4 ,and the voice said3-- 8,cry6 in the name of thy ,lord1 who created-- ,created man from blood4 ,cry6 for thy ,lord is the ,bountifullest6 ,who taught the pen1 ,taught man what he did not know40 ,korn1 ch4 xcvi4 ,at first he thought he was possessed with a devil1 and the refuge of suicide was often present to his mind4 ,but yet again he heard the voice--8,thou art the ,messenger of ,god1 and ,i am ,gabriel40 ,he went back to ,khadja1 worn out in body and mind4 8,wrap me1 wrap me10 he cried4 ,and then the word came to him3-- 8,o thou who art wrapped1 rise up and warn6 ,and thy ,lord magnify1 ,and thy raiment purify1 ,and abomination shun6 ,and grant not favours to gain increase6 ,and wait for thy ,lord60 ,korn1 ch4 lxxiv4 ,these are the first two revelations that came to ,mohammad4 ,that he believed he heard them spoken by an angel from heaven is beyond doubt4 ,his temperament was nervous and excitable from a child up4 ,it is said he was subject to cataleptic fits1 like ,swedenborg2 and at least it is certain that his constitution was more delicately and highly strung than most men's4 ,if it is any satisfaction to the incredulous to find evidence of a special tendency towards hallucinations1 the proofs are at hand4 ,but whether the 8revelations0 were subjective or not makes no difference to the result4 ,whencesoever they came1 they were real and potent revelations to the man and to his people4 ,after this beginning of converse with the supernatural1 or whatever we prefer to term it1 the course of ,mohammad's revelations--the speeches which make up the ,korn--flowed unbroken for twenty years and more4 ,they fall naturally into two great divisions--the period of struggle at ,mekka1 and the period of triumph at ,medina2 and the characteristics of the two are diverse as the circumstances which called them forth4 ,for whatever ,mohammad himself thought of his revelations1 to modern criticism they are speeches or sermons strictly connected with the religious and political circumstances of the speaker's time4 ,in the first period we see a man possessed of a strong religious idea1 an idea dominating his life1 and his one aim is to impress that idea on his people1 the inhabitants of ,mekka4 ,he preached to them in season and out of season2 whenever the spirit moved him he poured forth his burning eloquence into the ears of a suspicious and incredulous audience4 ,three years of unwearied effort produced the pitiful result of a score or so of converts1 mainly from the poorest classes4 ,in the fifth year even these were compelled by the persecutions of the ,koreysh to take refuge in ,abyssinia--8a land of righteousness1 wherein no man is wronged40 ,mohammad had by this time advanced from a mere inculcation of the doctrine of one all-powerful ,god to a plain attack upon the idolatry of the ,mekkans2 and the ,koreysh1 as guardians of the ,kaaba and receivers of the pilgrims' tolls1 were keenly alive to the consequences which the overthrow of the sacred temple would entail upon its keepers4 ,the result of ,mohammad's bold denunciations was a cruel persecution of his humbler followers1 and their consequent flight to ,abyssinia2 he himself was too nearly allied to powerful chiefs to be lightly injured in a land where the blood-revenge held sway4 ,presently the devotion of the prophet1 his manly bearing under obloquy and reproach1 and above all1 the winged words of his eloquence1 brought several men of influence and wealth into his faith1 and in the sixth year of his mission ,mohammad found himself surrounded no longer by a crowd of slaves and beggars1 but by tried swordsmen1 chiefs of great families1 leaders in the councils of ,mekka2 and the new sect performed their rites no more in secret1 but publicly at the ,kaaba1 in the face of the whole city4 ,the ,koreysh resolved on stronger measures4 ,after trying vainly to isolate him from his family--the true ,arab spirit of kindred was not so easily shaken--they put the whole clan under a ban1 and swore they would not marry with them1 nor buy nor sell with them1 nor hold with them any intercourse soever4 ,to the credit of ,mohammad and of his clan1 only one man of them refused to share his fate1 though most of them did not hold with his doctrines4 ,sooner than give up their kinsman1 they went1 every man of them1 save that one1 into their own quarter of the city1 and there abode in banishment for two years4 ,starvation was busy with the incarcerated family1 when the ,koreysh grew ashamed of their work1 and five chiefs arose and put on their armour and went to the ravine where the banished people were shut up1 and bade them come forth4 ,the time of inaction was followed by a time of sorrow4 ,mohammad lost his wife and the aged chief1 his uncle1 who had hitherto been his protector4 ,all ,mekka was against him1 and in despair of heart he journeyed to ,taif1 seventy miles away1 and told his message to another folk3 but they stoned him for three miles from the town4 ,the time1 however1 was coming when a distant city would hold out welcoming hands to the prophet whom ,mekka and ,taif had rejected4 ,as he dwelt-on disconsolately at ,mekka1 pilgrims from ,yethrib 7soon to be known as ,medina or ,mednet-en-,neby1 8the ,prophet's ,city07 hearkened to the new doctrine1 and carried it home to their own folk4 ,jews had prepared the way for ,islm at ,medina2 the new religion did not seem preposterous to those who had long heard of ,one ,god2 and presently the ,faithful began to leave ,mekka in small companies1 and take refuge in the hospitable city where their prophet was honoured4 ,at length ,mohammad1 when like the captain of a sinking ship he had seen his followers safely away1 accompanied by one faithful friend eluded the vigilance of the ,koreysh1 and safely arrived at ,medina in the early summer of #fbb4 ,this is the ,hijra or 8,flight0 of ,mohammad1 from which the ,muslims date their history4 ,during these years of struggle and persecution at ,mekka #ij out of the #aad chapters or speeches which compose the ,korn were revealed1 amounting to about two-thirds of the whole book4 ,all these speeches are inspired with but one great design1 and are in strong contrast with the complicated character of the later chapters issued at ,medina4 ,in the ,mekka chapters ,mohammad appears in the unalloyed character of a prophet3 he has not yet assumed the functions of a statesman and lawgiver4 ,his object is not to give men a code or a constitution1 but to call them to the worship of the ,one ,god4 ,there is hardly a word of other doctrines1 scarcely anything of ritual1 or social or penal regulations4 ,every speech is directed simply to the grand design of the ,prophet's life1 to convince men of the unutterable majesty of the ,one ,god1 who brooks no rivals4 ,mohammad appeals to the people to credit the evidence of their own eyes2 he calls to witness the wonders of nature1 the stars in their courses1 the sun and the moon1 the dawn cleaving asunder the dark veil of night1 the life-giving rain1 the fruits of the earth1 life and death1 change and decay--all are 8signs of ,god's power1 if only ye would understand40 ,or he tells the people how it fared with older generations1 when prophets came to them and exhorted them to believe in ,one ,god and do righteousness1 and they rejected them2 how there fell upon the unbelieving nation grievous woe4 ,how was it with the people of ,noah8 he asks3--they were drowned in the flood because they would not hearken to his words4 ,and the people of the ,cities of the ,plain8 ,and ,pharaoh and his host8 ,and the old tribes of the ,arabs who would not hear the warnings of their prophets8 ,one answer follows each--there came upon them a great calamity4 8,these are the true stories10 he cries1 8and there is only ,one ,god6 and yet ye turn aside40 ,eloquent appeals to the signs of nature1 threats of a day of reckoning to come1 warnings drawn from the legends of the prophets1 arguments for the truth and reality of the revelation1 make up the substance of this first division of the ,korn4 ,in the earliest group of speeches delivered at ,mekka1 forty-eight in number1 belonging to what is called the ,first ,period1 extending over the first four years of ,mohammad's mission1 we feel the poetry of the man4 ,mohammad had not lived among the sheep-folds in vain1 and spent long solitary nights gazing at the silent heaven and watching the dawn break over the mountains4 ,this earliest portion of the ,korn is one long blazonry of nature's beauty4 ,how can you believe in aught but the ,one omnipotent ,god when you see this glorious world around you and this wondrous tent of heaven above you8 is ,mohammad's frequent question to his countrymen4 8,all things in heaven and earth supplicate ,him2 then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye deny80 ,there is little but this appeal to nature in the first part of the speeches at ,mekka4 ,the prophet was in too exalted a state during these early years to stoop to argument2 he rather seeks to dazzle the sense with brilliant images of ,god's workings in creation4 8,verily in the creation of the heavens and the earth are signs to you1 if ye would understand40 ,his sentences have a rhythmical ring though they are not in true metre4 ,the lines are very short1 yet with a musical cadence4 ,the meaning is often but half expressed4 ,the poet seems impatiently to stop as if he despaired of explaining himself3 he has essayed a thing beyond words1 has discovered the impotence of language1 and broken off with the sentence unfinished4 ,the style is throughout fiery and impassioned4 ,the words are those of a man whose whole heart is bent on convincing1 and they carry with them even now the impression of the burning vehemence with which they were originally hurled forth4 ,these earliest speeches are generally brief4 ,they are pitched too high to be long sustained4 ,we feel we have here to do with a poet as well as a preacher1 and that his poetry costs him too much to be spun out4 ,in urging to repentance and faith1 ,mohammad's great weapon is the judgment to come--the day of retribution1 when all mankind shall be arraigned before the throne of ,god2 and those who have done good shall be given the book of the record of their actions in their right hand1 and enjoy abiding happiness in gardens1 under which the rivers flow2 whilst the wicked shall receive his damning record in his left hand1 and be dragged by heel and hair to hell1 to broil therein for ever4 ,the day of judgment is a stern reality to ,mohammad4 ,it is never out of his thoughts1 and he says himself that if men realised what that day was1 they would weep much and laugh little4 ,he is never tired of depicting its terrors1 and cannot find names enough to describe it4 ,he calls it the ,hour1 the ,mighty ,day1 the great ,calamity1 the ,inevitable ,fact1 the ,smiting1 the ,overwhelming1 the ,hard ,day1 the ,promised ,day1 the ,day of ,decision4 ,the high poetic fervour of the first group of ,mekka speeches is to some extent lost in the ,second1 and still more in the ,third period1 corresponding to the fifth and sixth years1 and from thence to the ,hijra1 respectively1 and each comprising twenty-one speeches4 ,the change is partly one of style1 partly of matter4 ,the verses and the speeches themselves become longer and more rambling2 the resonant oaths by all the wonders of nature are exchanged for the mild asseveration1 8,by the ,korn40 ,there is more self-assertion and formality1 and the special words of ,god are as it were italicised by the prefixed verb1 8,say40 ,it must be remembered that the speeches of the ,korn are all supposed to be the utterances of ,god in propri person1 of whom ,mohammad is only the mouthpiece4 ,the apparent vindications and laudations of the prophet himself are explicable from this point of view2 and the reader must never forget it when he is perplexed by the 8we0 7,god71 and 8thou0 7,mohammad71 and 8ye0 7the audience71 of the ,korn4 ,the most important alteration to be observed in the progress of the orations at ,mekka is the introduction of numerous stories derived1 with considerable corruptions1 from the ,jewish ,haggadah4 ,more than fifteen hundred verses1 nearly a quarter of the ,kur-n1 are occupied with wearisome repetitions of these legends4 ,they are to be seen methodically arranged in ,lane's ,selections from the ,kur-n1 and ,i need only say that1 with the exception of one or two typical examples 7like the speech called ,the ,moon1 p4 #da71 and a few digressions in speeches 7like ,the ,children of ,israel1 p4 #eg7 that were too important to be omitted1 these tales are excluded from the present collection4 ,their only real interest is ,mohammad's use of them as evidence of the continuity of revelation4 ,he believed that all preceding prophets were inspired of ,god1 and that they taught the same faith as himself4 ,from ,adam to ,jesus they all brought their messages to their people1 and were rejected4 ,he makes them exhort their people in precisely similar words to those with which he exhorts the ,koreysh4 ,there is nothing new in his own doctrine1 he says1 it is but the teaching of ,abraham1 of ,moses1 of ,christ1 of all the prophets4 ,but it is the last and best1 the seal of prophecy1 after which no other will be given before the ,great ,day4 ,it supersedes or confirms all that goes before4 ,quite half of the second group of ,mekka speeches consists of these ,jewish legends4 ,there are not so many in the third1 and none in the first4 ,but if the ,third does not contain quite so many of these tedious fables1 it is even tamer in style4 ,mohammad seems to be cataloguing the signs of nature mechanically1 and he is constantly recurring to the charge of forgery which was often brought against him1 or to the demand for miracles1 which he always frankly admitted he could not gratify4 ,i am only a warner1 he said2 ,i cannot show you a sign--a miracle--except what ye see every day and night4 ,signs are with ,god3 ,he who could make the heavens could easily show you a sign if ,he pleased2 beware1 lest one day ye see a sign indeed1 and taste in hell that which ye called a lie6 ,that the old eloquence1 in spite of repetition and wearing trouble1 was not dead1 may be seen from the speech called ,thunder 7p4 #ajd71 where the nature painting is as fine as anywhere in the ,korn4 ,the first great division of ,mohammad's speeches1 then1 is oratorical rather than dogmatic4 ,he has a great dogma1 indeed1 and uses every resource to recommend it4 ,but there is little detail in these ninety ,mekka speeches4 ,hardly any definite laws or precepts are to be found in them1 and most of these in the speech entitled ,the ,children of ,israel 7p4 #eg74 ,certain general rules of prayer are given1 hospitality and thrift are commended in a breath1 8,let not thy hand be chained to thy neck1 nor yet stretch it out right open20 infanticide1 inchastity1 homicide 7save in blood-revenge71 the robbing of orphans1 a false balance1 usury1 a broken covenant1 and a proud stomach1 are denounced2 certain foods are prohibited2 and the whole duty of man is thus briefly summed up3--8,say3 ,i am only a man like you3 ,i am inspired that your ,god is but ,one ,god4 ,then let him who hopeth to meet his ,lord do righteousness1 and join no 7idol7 in his worship of ,god40 ,there is little here of a complicated ritual or a metaphysical theology4 ,thus far the social and religious laws which we associate with ,islm are not found in the ,mohammadan ,bible4 ,we hear only the voice crying in the wilderness1 8,hear ye1 people6 ,the ,lord your ,god is one ,lord40 ,mohammad's position at ,medina was totally different from that he occupied at ,mekka4 ,instead of a struggling reformer1 despised and ridiculed by almost every man he met1 he was a king1 ruling a large city with despotic power1 and needing every resource of statecraft to maintain order among its contentious elements4 ,there was a large party1 known in the ,korn as the 8,disaffected0 or 8,hypocrites10 who found it politic to profess ,islm1 but were ready to avail themselves of any propitious occasion to overturn or injure it4 ,still more important were the ,jewish ,arab tribes settled at ,medina1 who at first hoped to find a tool to their hands in the new prophet1 who seemed to teach something very like ,judaism2 but who1 when they found him unmanageable1 straightway turned upon him with double malignity1 and exerted themselves in all treacherous ways to countermine his authority and help his enemies within and without the city4 ,mohammad has been blamed for the severity with which he suppressed the rebellious parties in his state1 and the sentences of exile and death passed upon the ,jews have been regarded as proofs of a vindictive nature4 ,an impartial study of the facts of the case1 however1 shows plainly that strong measures were needed for the preservation of the ,muslim religion and polity2 and the vigorous blows struck by ,mohammad at rebellion in the beginning probably saved bloodshed afterwards4 ,whilst the prophet's supremacy was being established and maintained among the mixed population of ,medina1 a vigorous warfare was carried on outside with his old persecutors1 the ,koreysh4 ,on the history of this war1 consisting as it did mainly of small raids and attacks upon caravans1 ,i need not dwell4 ,its leading features were the two battles of ,bedr and ,ohud1 in the first of which three hundred ,muslims1 though outnumbered at the odds of three to one1 were completely victorious 7,a4,d4 #fbd1 ,a4,h4 #b72 whilst at ,ohud1 being outnumbered in the like proportion1 and deserted by the 8,disaffected0 party1 they were almost as decisively defeated 7,a4,h4 #c74 ,two years later the ,koreysh gathered together their allies1 advanced upon ,medina1 and besieged it for fifteen days2 but the foresight of ,mohammad in digging a trench1 and the enthusiasm of the ,muslims in defending it1 resisted all assaults1 and the coming of the heavy storms for which the climate of ,medina is noted drove the enemy back to ,mekka4 ,the next year 7,a4,h4 #f7 a ten years' truce 7see ,the ,victory1 p4 #abd1 and notes7 was concluded with the ,koreysh1 in pursuance of which a strange scene took place in the following spring4 ,it was agreed that ,mohammad and his people should perform the ,lesser ,pilgrimage1 and that the ,koreysh should for that purpose vacate ,mekka for three days4 ,accordingly in ,march #fbi1 about two thousand ,muslims1 with ,mohammad at their head on his famous camel1 ,el-,kaswa1--the camel on which he had fled from ,mekka1--trooped down the valley and performed the rites which every ,muslim to this day observes4 8,it was surely a strange sight which at this time presented itself in the vale of ,mekka1 a sight unique in the history of the world4 ,the ancient city is for three days evacuated by all its inhabitants1 high and low1 every house deserted2 and as they retire1 the exiled converts1 many years banished from their birthplace1 approach in a great body1 accompanied by their allies1 revisit the empty homes of their childhood1 and within the short allotted space fulfil the rites of pilgrimage4 ,the ousted inhabitants1 climbing the heights around1 take refuge under tents or other shelter among the hills and glens2 and clustering on the overhanging peak of ,abu-,kubeys1 thence watch the movements of the visitors beneath them1 as with the ,prophet at their head they make the circuit of the ,kaaba and the rapid procession between ,es-,saf and ,marwah2 and anxiously scan every figure if perchance they may recognise among the worshippers some long lost friend or relative4 ,it was a scene rendered possible only by the throes which gave birth to ,islm40 ,when the three days were over1 ,mohammad and his party peaceably returned to ,medina1 and the ,mekkans re-entered their homes4 ,but this pilgrimage1 and the self-restraint of the ,muslims therein1 advanced the cause of ,islm among its enemies4 ,converts increased daily1 and some leading men of the ,koreysh went over to ,mohammad4 ,the clans around were sending-in deputations of homage4 ,but the final keystone was set in the #hth year of the flight 7,a4,d4 #fcj71 when a body of ,koreysh broke the truce by attacking an ally of the ,muslims1 and ,mohammad forthwith marched upon ,mekka with ten thousand men1 and the city1 despairing of defence1 surrendered4 ,the day of ,mohammad's greatest triumph over his enemies was also the day of his grandest victory over himself4 ,he freely forgave the ,koreysh all the years of sorrow and cruel scorn in which they had afflicted him1 and gave an amnesty to the whole population of ,mekka4 ,four criminals whom justice condemned made up ,mohammad's proscription list when he entered as a conqueror to the city of his bitterest enemies4 ,the army followed his example1 and entered quietly and peaceably2 no house was robbed1 no women insulted4 ,one thing alone suffered destruction4 ,going to the ,kaaba1 ,mohammad stood before each of the three hundred and sixty idols1 and pointed to it with his staff1 saying1 8,truth is come1 and falsehood is fled away60 and at these words his attendants hewed them down1 and all the idols and household gods of ,mekka and round about were destroyed4 ,it was thus that ,mohammad entered again his native city4 ,through all the annals of conquest there is no triumphant entry comparable to this one4 ,the taking of ,mekka was soon followed by the adhesion of all ,arabia4 ,every reader knows the story of the spread of ,islm4 ,the tribes of every part of the peninsula sent embassies to do homage to the prophet4 ,arabia was not enough3 ,mohammad had written in his bold uncompromising way to the great kings of the ,east--to the ,persian ,chosroes and the ,greek ,emperor2 and these little knew how soon his invitation to the faith would be repeated1 and how quickly ,islm would be knocking at their doors with no faltering hand4 ,the prophet's career was near its end4 ,in the tenth year of the flight1 twenty-three years after he had first felt the spirit move him to preach to his people1 he resolved once more to leave his adopted city and go to ,mekka to perform a farewell pilgrimage4 ,and when the rites were done in the valley of ,min1 the prophet spake unto the multitude--the forty thousand pilgrims--with solemn last words3 ,ye people1 hearken to my words3 for ,i know not whether after this year ,i shall ever be amongst you here again4 ,your lives and your property are sacred and inviolable amongst one another until the end of time4 ,the ,lord hath ordained to every man the share of his inheritance2 a testament is not lawful to the prejudice of heirs4 ,the child belongeth to the parent1 and the violater of wedlock shall be stoned4 ,ye people1 ye have rights demandable of your wives1 and they have rights demandable of you4 ,treat your women well4 ,and your slaves1 see that ye feed them with such food as ye eat yourselves1 and clothe them with the stuff ye wear4 ,and if they commit a fault which ye are not willing to forgive1 then sell them1 for they are the servants of the ,lord and are not to be tormented4 ,ye people6 hearken unto my speech and comprehend it4 ,know that every ,muslim is the brother of every other ,muslim4 ,all of you are on the same equality3 ye are one brotherhood4 ,then looking up to heaven he cried1 8,o ,lord1 ,i have delivered my message and fulfilled my mission40 ,and all the multitude answered1 8,yea1 verily hast thou60--8,o ,lord1 ,i beseech thee1 bear ,thou witness to it60 and1 like ,moses1 he lifted up his hands and blessed the people4 ,three months more and ,mohammad was dead1--,a4,h4 #aa1 ,a4,d4 #fcb4 ,and when it was noised abroad that the prophet was dead1 ,omar1 the fiery-hearted1 the ,simon ,peter of ,islm1 rushed among the people and fiercely told them they lied2 it could not be true4 ,and ,abu-,bekr came and said1 8,ye people6 he that hath worshipped ,mohammad1 let him know that ,mohammad is dead2 but he that hath worshipped ,god1 that the ,lord liveth and doth not die40 99 99 99 99 99 ,the altered circumstances of ,mohammad's life at ,medina produced a corresponding change in his speeches4 ,they are now not so much exhortations to unbelievers as directions and encouragements to the faithful2 and instead of being one complete oration1 as most of the early speeches are1 they are a collection of isolated 8rulings0 on various points of conduct4 ,the prophet's house at ,medina became a court of appeal for the whole body of ,muslims4 ,they came to him with all their difficulties1--domestic1 social1 political1 religious1--and asked for direction4 ,then ,mohammad said in few words what he thought right and just2 and these decisions have been treated as laws binding upon the ,mohammadan world for all time4 ,it is fortunate that ,mohammad was a man of sound common sense1 or the law of ,islm would be a preposterous medley4 ,as it is1 it seems clear that the prophet never wished to lay down a code of law1 and1 instead of volunteering rules of conduct and ritual1 used to wait to have them extorted from him by questioning4 8,god wishes to make things easy for you10 he says1 8for man was created weak40 ,he seems to have distrusted himself as a lawgiver1 for there is a tradition which relates a speech of his in which he cautions the people against taking his decision on worldly affairs as infallible4 ,when he speaks of the things of ,god he is to be obeyed2 but when he deals with human affairs he is only a man like those about him4 ,he was contented to leave the ordinary ,arab customs in force except when they were manifestly unjust4 ,the truth is that1 as in the ,mekka speeches so in those of ,medina1 the legal and dogmatic element is curiously small4 ,the greater part of those long chapters uttered in fragments at ,medina1 and then pieced together haphazard by the prophet's amanuenses1 consists of diatribes against the ,jews and hypocrites1 reflections on the conduct of the allies in battle1 encouragement after defeat1 exhortations as to the future1 besides a great deal of personal matter--regulations of the prophet's harem1 vindications of his own or his wives' conduct1--and similar things of a temporary and local interest4 ,though the style is monotonous and longwinded1 like the third ,mekka period1 there are still flashes of the old eloquence1 though perhaps it is less spontaneous than of old1 such as we hear in the chapter of ,light-- ,god is the light of the heavens and the earth2 his light is as a niche in which is a lamp1 and the lamp in a glass2 the glass is as it were a glittering star3 it is lit from a blessed tree1 an olive neither of the east nor of the west1 the oil thereof would well-nigh shine though no fire touched it--light upon light--,god guideth to ,his light whom ,he pleaseth4 ,in the houses ,god hath suffered to be raised1 for ,his name to be commemorated therein1 men magnify ,him at morn and eve3 ,men whom neither merchandise nor trafficking divert from remembering ,god and being instant in prayer and giving alms1 fearing a day when hearts and eyes shall quiver2 ,that ,god may recompense them for the best that they have wrought1 and give them increase of ,his grace2 for ,god maketh provision for whom ,he pleaseth without count4 ,but those who disbelieve are like a vapour in a plain3 the thirsty thinketh it water1 till1 when he cometh to it1 he findeth nothing2 but he findeth ,god with him2 and ,he will settle his account1 for ,god is quick at reckoning3-- ,or like black night on a deep sea1 which wave above wave doth cover1 and cloud over wave1 gloom upon gloom1--when one putteth out his hand he can scarcely see it2 for to whom ,god giveth not light1 he hath no light4 ,hast thou not seen that what is in the heavens and the earth magnifieth ,god1 and the birds on the wing8 each one knoweth its prayer and its praise1 and ,god knoweth what they do3 ,god's is the empire of the heavens and the earth1 and to ,him must all things return6 ,hast thou not seen that ,god driveth the clouds1 and then joineth them1 and then heapeth them up1 and thou mayest see the rain coming forth from their midst2 and ,he sendeth down from the heaven mountain-clouds with hail therein1 and ,he maketh it fall on whom ,he pleaseth1 and ,he turneth it away from whom ,he pleaseth3 the flashing of ,his lightning well nigh consumeth the eyes6 xxiv4 #ce-dc4 ,the actual legal residue in the ,medina chapters is singularly small4 ,chapters ii41 iv41 and v41 contain nearly all the law of the ,korn2 but it must be allowed they are very long chapters1 and form nearly a tenth part of it4 ,their practical import1--the definite ruling of ,mohammad on dogmatic1 ritual1 civil1 and criminal matters1--is collected in pp4 #acc-add1 and need not be repeated here4 ,the conclusion1 however1 is worth pointing clearly4 ,the ,korn does not contain1 even in outline1 the elaborate ritual and complicated law which now passes under the name of ,islm4 ,it contains merely those decisions which happened to be called for at ,medina4 ,mohammad himself knew that it did not provide for every emergency1 and recommended a principle of analogical deduction to guide his followers when they were in doubt4 ,this analogical deduction has been the ruin of ,islm4 ,commentators and jurists have set their nimble wits to work to extract from the ,korn legal decisions which an ordinary mind could never discover there2 and the whole structure of modern ,mohammadanism has been built upon this foundation of sand4 ,the ,korn is not responsible for it4 ,there is1 however1 another source of information about ,mohammad's teaching and practice which is largely responsible for the present form of the once simple creed of ,mekka4 ,besides the public speeches which were held to be directly inspired by ,god1 and indeed copied from a book supposed to exist in the handwriting of ,god1--the chapters of the ,korn1--there were many sayings of ,mohammad which were said in a private unofficial way in his circle of intimate friends1 and which were almost as carefully treasured up as the others4 ,these are the ,traditions1 or as ,i may call them1 the ,table-,talk of ,mohammad1 for they correspond more nearly to what we mean by table-talk than any other form of composition4 ,the ,table-,talk of ,mohammad deals with the most minute and delicate circumstances of life1 and is much more serviceable to the lawyer than the ,korn itself4 ,the sayings are very numerous and very detailed2 but how far they are genuine it is not easy to determine4 ,the ,korn is known beyond any doubt to be at this moment1 in all practical respects1 identical with the prophet's words as collected immediately after his death4 ,how it was edited and collected may be read elsewhere4 ,the only point to be here insisted on is that its genuineness is above suspicion4 ,unfortunately1 as much cannot be said for the ,traditions4 ,they were collected at a late period1 subjected to a totally useless and preposterous criticism1 and thus reduced from #fjj1jjj to #gbge1 without becoming in the least more trustworthy in the process4 ,it is almost impossible now to sift them with any certainty4 ,all we can go upon is internal evidence1 and a few obvious contradictions in date--as when people relate things which they apparently heard before they were born4 ,beyond this1 criticism is helpless1 and all we can do is what ,i have done here--to collect those which strike the attention and do not seem peculiarly improbable1 and accept them provisionally as possibly correct reports of ,mohammad's table-talk4 ,there are six standard collections of orthodox traditions1 but those on pp4 #adg-ahb are taken from an abridgment1 the ,mishkt-el-,masbh1 which ,captain ,a4 ,n4 ,matthews had the patience to translate and publish at ,calcutta in #ahji4 ,in the midst of such doubt1 they are sufficient for the purpose of illustration1 without any pretence of completeness or critical precision4 ,in conclusion1 let us banish from our minds any conception of the ,korn as a code of law1 or a systematic exposition of a creed4 ,it is neither of these4 ,let us only think of a simple enthusiast confronted with many and varied difficulties1 and trying to meet them as best he could by the inward light that guided him4 ,the guidance was not perfect1 we know1 and there is much that is blameworthy in ,mohammad2 but whatever we believe of him1 let it be granted that his errors were not the result of premeditated imposition1 but were the mistakes of an ignorant1 impressible1 superstitious1 but nevertheless noble and great man4 ,march #ahhb4 ,,references4 ,in the ,introduction1 pp4 xviii4-xxv4 and xliv4-xlviii41 appeared before in my ,introduction to ,lane's ,selections from the ,kur-n1 #bnd ed4 7,trbner's ,oriental series1 #ahgi71 to which ,i must refer the reader for further information on ,mohammad and ,islm1 and especially concerning the portions of the ,korn dealing with the ,jewish legends purposely omitted from the present work4 ,pp4 xxxv4-xxxviii4 reproduce a few paragraphs from the ,edinburgh ,review1 ,no4 #caf1 ,october #ahha1 p4 #cga1 ff4 ,the ,arab poetry quoted in the ,introduction is from the admirable versions contributed by ,mr4 ,c4 ,j4 ,lyall to the ,journal of the ,asiatic ,society of ,bengal1 #ahgg and #ahha4 ,the description of ,mohammad's person and mode of life1 pp4 xxvii4-xxix41 is from ,e4 ,deutsch1 ,literary ,remains1 p4 #gj1 ff2 and ,r4 ,bosworth ,smith1 ,mohammed and ,mohammedanism1 #b;d ed41 p4 #aca2 to which1 and to the ,rev4 ,e4 ,sell's ,faith of ,islam1 in many respects the best treatise on the ,mohammadan religion1 as it now is1 that has appeared in recent years1 the reader is referred for much concerning modern and historical ,mohammadanism which is beyond the design of the present volume4 ,in the text1 ,i must acknowledge my general indebtedness to the versions of ,george ,sale and the ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rodwell for many valuable interpretations2 but ,i wish especially to record my obligations to ,prof4 ,e4 ,h4 ,palmer1 in respect of some fine renderings which he has been the first to use in his translation of the ,korn for the series of ,sacred ,books of the ,east1 and which ,i have not hesitated to adopt4 ,s4 ,l4-,p4 ,,analytical ,,table ,,of ,,contents4 ,,page ,,introduction v ,the ,korn is capable of adequate representation in small compass and approximately chronological order4 ,the original audience of ,mohammad's speeches3 ,arabian characteristics in desert-life and town-life1 poetry and religion4 ,mohammad's early life1 person and habits1 call to preach1 and work at ,mekka4 ,the three periods of ,mekka speeches4 ,change of position at ,medina1 and consequent change in oratory4 ,the ,medina speeches4 ,incompleteness of the law of the ,korn4 ,the ,traditions or ,table-talk4 ,references lvi ,analytical ,table of ,contents lvii ,,the ,,speeches ,,at ,,mekka ,i4--,,the ,,poetic ,,period4 ,aet4 #dj-dd1 ,a4,d4 #fji-fac #a ,,the ,,night 7xcii47 #c ,the difference between the good and the wicked in their lives and their future states2 warning of hell and promise of heaven4 ,,the ,,country 7xc7 #e ,the steep road to the life to come is by charity and faith4 ,,the ,,smiting 7ci47 #g ,the terrors of the ,judgment ,day and the ,bottomless ,pit4 ,,the ,,quaking 7xcix47 #h ,signs of the ,last ,day1 when all secrets shall be revealed4 ,,the ,,rending ,,asunder 7lxxxii47 #i ,signs of the ,last ,day2 man's unbelief2 angels record his actions1 by which his fate shall be decided4 ,,the ,,chargers 7c47 #aa ,man's ingratitude towards ,god will be exposed on the ,last ,day4 ,,support 7cvii47 #ab ,uncharitable hypocrites denounced4 ,,the ,,backbiter 7civ47 #ac ,the covetous slanderer shall be cast into ,blasting ,hell4 ,,the ,,splendour ,,of ,,morning 7xciii47 #ad ,the goodness of ,god towards ,mohammad must be imitated towards others4 ,,the ,,most ,,high 7lxxxvii47 #ae ,god the ,creator is to be magnified4 ,mohammad is enjoined to admonish the people2 the opposite fates of those who hearken and those who turn away2 the message is the same as that delivered by ,abraham and ,moses4 ,,the ,,wrapping 7lxxxi47 #ag ,signs of the ,last ,day4 ,authenticity of the ,korn3 ,mohammad neither mad nor possessed4 ,the ,korn a reminder1 but man is powerless to follow it except by ,god's decree4 ,,the ,,news 7lxxviii47 #ai ,men dispute about the ,last ,day3 yet it shall come as surely as ,god created all things4 ,the last trump and the gathering of mankind to judgment4 ,description of the torments of ,hell and the delights of ,paradise4 ,,the ,,fact 7lvi47 #bb ,signs of the ,last ,day4 ,the three kinds of men--prophets1 righteous1 and wicked--and the future state of each4 ,the power of ,god shown in creation4 ,the ,korn true and sacred4 ,the state after death4 ,,the ,,merciful 7lv47 #bg ,a ,benedicite reciting the works of ,god1 and the ,judgment and ,paradise and ,hell1 with a refrain challenging genii and mankind to deny ,his signs4 ,,the ,,unity 7cxii47 #cb ,a profession of faith in one ,god4 ,,the ,f,,tihah 7i47 #cc ,a prayer for guidance and help3 the ,muslim ,paternoster4 ,,the ,,speeches ,,at ,,mekka ,,ii4--,,the ,,rhetorical ,,period4 ,aet4 #dd-df1 ,a4,d4 #fac-fae #ce ,,the ,,kingdom 7lxvii47 #cg ,the power of ,god shown in creation2 ,hell the reward of those who disbelieve in ,god's messengers and discredit ,his signs4 ,none but ,god knows when the ,last ,day will be4 ,,the ,,moon 7liv47 #da ,the ,judgment approaches1 but men will not heed the warning1 and call it a lie and magic4 ,even so did former generations reject their apostles3 the people of ,noah1 ,ad1 ,thamd1 ,lot1 ,pharaoh2 and there came upon all of them a grievous punishment4 ,neither shall the men of ,mekka escape4 ,refrain3 the certainty of punishment and the heedlessness of man4 ,k4 7l47 #de ,why is the ,resurrection so incredible8 ,does not ,god continually create and re-create8 ,former generations were equally incredulous1 but they all found the threat of punishment was true4 ,so shall it be again4 ,the recording angels shall bear witness1 and hell shall be filled4 ,who can escape ,god1 who created all things1 and to whom all things must one day return8 ,y4,s4 7xxxvi47 #di ,mohammad a true messenger from ,god to warn the people1 whose ancestors would not be warned4 ,god hardens their hearts so that they cannot believe4 ,everything is written down in the ,book of ,god4 ,just so did the people of ,antioch reject the apostles of ,jesus1 and stoned the only convert among themselves2 and there came a shout from heaven and exterminated them4 ,why do not men reflect on such warnings8 ,signs of the ,resurrection are seen in the revival of spring and the growth of plants1 and the alternations of night and day1 and the changes of the sun and moon1 and the ships that sail on the sea4 ,yet they are not convinced6 ,the ,last ,day shall come upon them suddenly4 ,paradise and ,hell4 ,the ,korn not a poem1 but a plain warning of ,god's might and judgment to come4 ,their idols need protection instead of giving it4 ,god who first made life can quicken it again3 his 8,fiat0 is instantly carried out4 ,,the ,,children ,,of ,,israel 7xvii47 #eg ,the dream of the journey to ,jerusalem4 ,the two sins of the children of ,israel and their punishments4 ,the ,korn gives promise of a great reward for righteousness and an aching torment for disbelief4 ,each man shall be judged by his own deeds1 and none shall be punished for another's sin2 nor was any folk destroyed without warning4 ,kindness and respect to parents1 and duty to kinsfolk and travellers and the poor2 hospitality1 yet without waste2 faithfulness in engagements1 and honesty in trading1 enjoined4 ,idolatry1 infanticide1 inchastity1 homicide 7except in a just cause and in fair retaliation71 and abusing orphans' trust1 and pride1 forbidden4 ,the angels are not the daughters of ,god3 ,he has no partner1 and the whole creation worships ,him4 ,but ,god hardens people's hearts so that they turn away from the ,korn4 ,the ,resurrection is nearer than they think4 ,the faithful must speak pleasantly and not wrangle4 ,mohammad has no power to compel belief4 ,the false gods themselves dread ,god's torment4 ,the power of working miracles was not given to ,mohammad1 because the people of yore always disbelieved in them3 so ,thamd with the miraculous camel4 ,the story of the devil's original enmity to ,adam2 but the devil cannot protect his followers against ,god1 to whom belongs all power on land and sea1 and whose is the ,judgment4 ,mohammad nearly tempted to temporize4 ,prayer at sunset and dawn and night vigils commended4 ,man's insincerity4 ,the spirit sent from ,god4 ,the ,korn inimitable4 ,the demand for miracles and for angelic messengers repudiated4 ,the fate of those who disbelieve in the resurrection4 ,moses and ,pharaoh3 the consequences of unbelief4 ,the ,korn divided for convenience4 ,the solace of the faithful4 ,god and the ,merciful the same deity4 ,,the ,,speeches ,,at ,,mekka ,,iii4--,,the ,,argumentative ,,period4 ,aet4 #df-ec1 ,a4,d4 #fae-fbb #gc ,,the ,,believer 7xl47 #ge ,the revelation is from ,god4 ,former generations rejected their apostles and were punished4 ,the angels praise ,god4 ,the despair of the damned4 ,the great tryst3 the judgment of ,god is unerring4 ,the generations of yore were greater than those of to-day3 yet nothing could save them from ,god4 ,the history of ,moses and ,pharaoh and the ,egyptian convert1 and the evil fate of the infidels4 ,the proud shall not win in the end4 ,praise of ,god in ,his attributes4 ,hell is the goal of idolaters and polytheists4 ,patience enjoined upon ,mohammad4 ,the signs of ,god's might and the dire consequences of doubting it4 ,,jonah 7x47 #hg ,repudiation of sorcery4 ,signs of ,god's power1 and the consequences of believing and disbelieving them4 ,insincerity of man3 but former generations were destroyed for unbelief4 ,mohammad has no power to speak the ,korn save as ,god reveals it4 ,idolatry ridiculed4 ,miracles disclaimed4 ,man believes when he is in danger1 and disbelieves when he is rescued4 ,the life of this world like grass that will be mown to-morrow4 ,the reward of well and evil doing and the judgment of idolaters4 ,god's might in creation4 ,the ,korn no forgery1 as will be plainly seen one day4 ,every nation has its apostle and its appointed term1 which cannot be hastened or retarded4 ,now the people are warned1 and all they do is seen of ,god4 ,god's power3 ,he has no ,son4 ,the story of ,noah and the ark1 and ,moses and the magicians1 and the passage of the ,red ,sea1 and the establishing of the ,children of ,israel4 ,the people of ,jonah4 ,god compels unbelief or belief as ,he pleases1 and none can believe without ,his permission4 ,the signs of ,god are in the heavens and the earth4 ,true worship4 ,,thunder 7xiii47 #ajd ,the mighty works of ,god4 ,the punishment of unbelief4 ,miracles disclaimed4 ,the omniscience and unvariableness of ,god1 the hurler of thunder and lightning and the giver of rain4 ,the reward of the faithful2 the torment of apostates4 ,god misleads whom ,he will1 and1 if ,he pleased1 could guide all mankind aright4 ,apostles have been mocked at before3 and the mockers were punished4 ,paradise4 ,mohammad's task is only to warn3 it is ,god's business to punish4 ,,speeches ,,of ,,medina ,,the ,,period ,,of ,,harangue4 ,aet4 #ec-fc1 ,a4,d4 #fbb-fcb #aac ,,deception 7lxiv47 #aae ,god's power in creation4 ,former apostles were rejected4 ,the resurrection1 though disbelieved1 is a fact--a day when people shall find their hopes are deceptive4 ,paradise and ,hell4 ,all things are ordained by ,god4 ,obedience to ,god and the apostle enjoined4 ,the pleasures of this world are to be distrusted1 but the fear of ,god and almsgiving commendable4 ,,iron 7lvii47 #aah ,praise of ,god and exhortation to belief and almsgiving and fighting for the faith4 ,the future state of the faithful and of the hypocrites4 ,the charitable shall be doubly rewarded4 ,the present life only a pastime and delusion4 ,everything predestined4 ,the sending of the apostles1 of ,noah1 ,abraham1 and ,jesus4 ,asceticism repudiated4 ,exhortation to faith and fear4 ,,the ,,victory 7xlviii47 #abd ,a victory was given to encourage the faithful4 ,commendation of those who pledged themselves to support ,mohammad and rebuke to the desert ,arabs who held aloof 7on the occasion of the expedition to ,hudeybia72 they shall not share in the spoil 7of ,khaibar74 ,promise of booty4 ,the truce 7of ,hudeybia74 ,the opposition to ,mohammad's pilgrimage to ,mekka shall be withdrawn2 and a victory shall soon be won4 ,the devotion of the faithful and their likeness4 ,,help 7cx47 #acj ,exhortation to praise ,god in the hour of triumph4 ,,the ,,law ,,given ,,at ,,medina #aca ,,religious ,,law #acc ,creed and good works4 ,prayer4 ,alms4 ,fast4 ,pilgrimage4 ,fighting for the faith4 ,sacred month4 ,forbidden food4 ,oaths4 ,wine4 ,gambling4 ,statues4 ,divination4 ,,civil ,,and ,,criminal ,,law #aci ,homicide2 the blood-wit2 murder2 retaliation4 ,fighting against the faith4 ,theft4 ,usury4 ,marriage2 adultery2 divorce2 slander4 ,testaments and heirs4 ,maintenance for widows4 ,testimony4 ,freeing slaves4 ,asylum4 ,small offences and great4 ,,the ,,table-,,talk ,,of ,,mohammad #ade ,concerning prayer #adi ,of charity #aea ,of fasting #aec ,of reading the ,korn #aed ,of labour and profit #aee ,of fighting for the faith #aei ,of judgments #afj ,of women and slaves #afa ,of dumb animals #afd ,of hospitality #afe ,of government #aff ,of vanities and sundry matters #afh ,of death #agb ,of the state after death #age ,of destiny #ahj ,,notes #ahc ,,the ,,mekka ,,speeches1 ,i--,,the ,,poetic ,,period #ahc ,,the ,,mekka ,,speeches1 ,,ii--,,the ,,rhetorical ,,period #ahg ,,the ,,mekka ,,speeches1 ,,iii--,,the ,,argumentative ,,period #aij ,,the ,,medina ,,speeches1 ,,the ,,period ,,of ,,harangue #aib ,,the ,,law ,,given ,,at ,,medina #aic ,,table-,,talk ,,of ,,mohammad #aie ,,index ,,of ,,chapters ,,of ,,the ,,kor,n ,,translated ,,in ,,this ,,volume #aif ,,the ,,golden ,,treasury ,,series #a ,,transcriber',s ,,note ,,the ,,speeches ,,at ,,mekka ,i4 ,,the ,,poetic ,,period ,aet4 #dj-dd ,a4,d4 #fji-fac ,,the ,,night4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,by the ,,night when she spreadeth her veil1 ,by the ,,day when it is manifested1 ,by what made the male and the female3 ,verily your aims are diverse4 ,then as for him who giveth alms and feareth ,god1 ,and putteth his faith in the ,best1 ,we will speed him onward to ease4 ,and as for him who is covetous and desirous of riches1 ,and denieth the ,best1 ,we will speed him onward to trouble2 ,and his riches shall not avail him when he falleth down into ,hell4 ,verily ours is the guiding1 ,and ours the latter and the former life4 ,and ,i have warned you of a flaming fire3 ,none shall be burned in it but the wretch1 ,who hath called it a lie and turned his back4 ,but the righteous shall be guided away from it-- ,he that giveth his substance in charity1 ,and doeth no man a kindness in hope of reward1 ,but only in seeking the face of his ,lord the ,most ,high2 ,and in the end he shall surely be well pleased4 7xcii47 ,,the ,,country4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,i swear by this ,,country-- ,and thou art a dweller in this country-- ,and by father and child6 ,verily we have created man amid trouble3-- ,doth he think that no one shall prevail against him8 ,he saith 8,i have squandered riches in abundance30 ,doth he think that no one seeth him8 ,have we not made him two eyes1 ,and a tongue and two lips1 ,and pointed him out the two highways8 ,yet he doth not attempt the steep one4 ,and what shall teach thee what the steep one is8 ,the ransoming of captives1 ,or feeding on the day of famine ,the orphan of thy kindred ,or the poor that lieth in the dust2 ,finally1 to be of those who believe1 and enjoin steadfastness on each other1 and enjoin mercy on each other3-- ,these are the people of the right hand4 ,and those who disbelieve in our signs1 they are the people of the left3 ,over them a ,fire closeth4 7xc47 ,,the ,,smiting4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,,the ,,smiting6 what is the ,smiting8 ,and what shall teach thee what the ,smiting is8 ,the ,day when men shall be like scattered moths1 ,and the mountains like carded wool6 ,then as for him whose scales are heavy--his shall be a life well-pleasing4 ,and as for him whose scales are light--his abode shall be the ,bottomless ,pit4 ,and what shall teach thee what that is8 ,a ,raging ,fire6 7ci47 ,,the ,,quaking4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,when the earth shall quake with her ,,quaking1 ,and when the earth hath cast forth her burdens1 ,and man shall say1 8,what aileth her80 ,on that day shall she tell out her tidings1 ,because thy ,lord doth inspire her4 ,on that day shall men come in companies to behold their works1 ,and whosoever hath wrought an ant's weight of good shall behold it1 ,and whosoever hath wrought an ant's weight of evil shall behold it4 7xcix47 ,,the ,,rending ,,asunder4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,when the ,heaven is ,,rent ,,asunder1 ,and when the stars are scattered1 ,and when the seas are let loose1 ,and when the tombs are turned upside-down1 ,the soul shall know what it hath done and left undone4 ,o man6 what hath deceived thee respecting thy ,lord1 the ,generous2 ,who created thee1 and fashioned thee1 and moulded thee aright8 ,in what form it pleased him ,he builded thee4 ,nay6 but ye take the ,judgment for a lie6 ,but verily there are watchers over you-- ,worthy reporters-- ,knowing what ye do4 ,verily the righteous shall be in delight1 ,and the wicked in ,hell-,fire3 ,they shall be burnt at it on the day of doom1 ,and they shall not be hidden from it4 ,what shall teach thee what is the ,day of ,judgment8 ,again1 what shall teach thee what is the ,day of ,judgment8 ,a day when no soul can avail aught for another soul1 for the ordering on that day is with ,god4 7lxxxii47 ,,the ,,chargers4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,by the ,,chargers that pant1 ,and the hoofs that strike fire1 ,and the scourers at dawn1 ,who stir up the dust with it1 ,and cleave through a host with it6 ,verily ,man is thankless towards his ,lord1 ,and verily he is witness thereof1 ,and verily in his love of weal he is grasping4 ,doth he not know8--when what is in the tombs shall be laid open1 ,and what is in men's breasts shall be laid bare2 ,verily on that day their ,lord shall know them well6 7c47 ,,support4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,what thinkest thou of him who calleth the ,day of ,judgment a lie8 ,he it is who driveth away the orphan1 ,and is not urgent for the feeding of the poor4 ,woe then to those who pray1 ,those who are careless in their prayers1 ,who make a pretence1 ,but withhold ,,support4 7cvii47 ,,the ,,backbiter4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,woe to every ,,backbiter1 slanderer6 ,who hath heaped up riches and counted them over6 ,he thinketh that his riches have made him everlasting3 ,nay6 he shall surely be cast into ,blasting ,hell4 ,and what shall teach thee what ,blasting ,hell is8 ,the fire of ,god kindled1 ,which reaches over the hearts2 ,verily it is closed over them like a tent1 ,with stays well-stretched4 7civ47 ,,the ,,splendour ,,of ,,morning4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,by the ,,splendour ,,of ,,morning1 ,and the still of night6 ,thy ,lord hath not forsaken thee nor hated thee2 ,and the future will surely be better for thee than the present1 ,and thy ,lord will surely give to thee and thou wilt be well pleased4 ,did ,he not find thee an orphan and sheltered thee1 ,and found thee erring and guided thee1 ,and found thee poor and enriched thee8 ,then as for the orphan1 oppress him not1 ,and as for him who asketh of thee1 chide him not away1 ,and as for the bounty of thy ,lord1 tell of it4 7xciii47 ,,the ,,most ,,high4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,magnify the name of thy ,,lord1 ,,the ,,most ,,high1 ,who created1 and fashioned1 ,and decreed1 and guided1 ,who bringeth forth the pasturage1 ,then turneth it dry and brown4 ,we will make thee cry aloud1 and thou shalt not forget1 ,except what ,god pleaseth2 verily ,he knoweth the plain and the hidden4 ,and we will speed thee to ease4 ,admonish1 therefore1--verily admonishing profiteth1-- ,whoso feareth ,god will mind2 ,and there will turn away from it only the wretch ,who shall broil upon the mighty fire2 ,and then shall neither die therein1 nor live4 ,happy is he who purifieth himself1 ,and remembereth the name of his ,lord1 and prayeth4 ,but ye prefer the life of this world1 ,though the life to come is better and more enduring4 ,truly this is in the books of eld1 ,the books of ,abraham and ,moses4 7lxxxvii47 ,,the ,,wrapping4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,when the sun shall be ,,wrapped ,,up1 ,and when the stars shall fall down1 ,and when the mountains shall be removed1 ,and when the ten-month camels shall be neglected1 ,and when the wild beasts shall be huddled together1 ,and when the seas shall boil over1 ,and when souls shall be joined to their bodies1 ,and when the child that was buried alive shall be asked ,for what crime she was slain2 ,and when the ,books shall be laid open1 ,and when the sky shall be peeled off1 ,and when ,hell shall be set a-blaze1 ,and when ,paradise shall be brought near1-- ,the soul shall know what it hath wrought4 ,and ,i swear by the stars that hide1 ,that move swiftly and hide1 ,and by the darkening night1 ,and by the breath of dawn1-- ,verily this is the word of a noble messenger1 ,strong1 firm in the favour of the ,lord of the ,throne1 ,obeyed and trusted4 ,and your companion is not mad3 ,of a surety he saw the ,angel on the clear horizon3 ,and he is not mistrusted as to the unseen1 ,nor is his the speech of a pelted devil4 ,then whither go ye8 ,verily this is but a ,reminder to the worlds1 ,to whomsoever of you chooseth to walk aright3 ,but ye shall not choose it1 except ,god choose it1 the ,lord of the worlds4 7lxxxi47 ,,the ,,news4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,of what do they question together8 ,of the great ,,news1 ,about which they dispute8 ,nay1 but they shall know6 ,again1--,nay1 but they shall know6 ,have we not made the earth as a bed8 ,and the mountains as tent-pegs8 ,and created you in pairs1 ,and made your sleep for rest1 ,and made the night for a mantle1 ,and made the day for bread-winning1 ,and built above you seven firmaments1 ,and put therein a burning lamp1 ,and sent down water pouring from the squeezed clouds ,to bring forth grain and herb withal1 ,and gardens thick with trees8 ,lo6 the ,day of ,decision is appointed-- ,the day when there shall be a blowing of the trumpet1 and ye shall come in troops1 ,and the heavens shall be opened1 and be full of gates1 ,and the mountains shall be removed1 and turn into mist4 ,verily ,hell lieth in wait1 ,the goal for rebels1 ,to abide therein for ages2 ,they shall not taste therein coolness nor drink1 ,save scalding water and running sores1-- ,a meet reward6 ,verily they did not expect the reckoning1 ,and they denied our signs with lies2 ,but everything have we recorded in a book3-- 8,taste then3 for we will only add torment to you40 ,verily for the pious is a place of joy1 ,gardens and vineyards1 ,and full-bosomed girls1 their mates1 ,and a cup brimming over3 ,there shall they hear neither folly nor lying2-- ,a reward of thy ,lord--a gift sufficient1 ,of the ,lord of the heavens and of the earth1 and of what is between them1 the ,merciful6 ,they shall not obtain speech of him3-- ,on the day when the ,spirit and the ,angels shall stand in ranks1 they shall have no utterance1 save he to whom the ,merciful shall give leave1 and who speaketh rightly4 ,that is the day of truth6 ,then he that chooseth1 let him make for his ,lord as his goal4 ,verily we warn you of torment nigh at hand2 ,on the day when man shall see what his hands have sent before him1 and the unbeliever shall say1 8,oh6 that ,i were dust40 7lxxviii47 ,,the ,,fact4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,when the ,,fact becomes fact1 ,none shall deny it is a fact1-- ,abasing1--exalting6 ,when the earth shall be shaken in a shock1 ,and the mountains shall be powdered in powder1 ,and become like flying dust1 ,and ye shall be three kinds4 ,then the people of the right hand--what people of good omen6 ,and the people of the left hand--what people of ill omen6 ,and the outstrippers1 still outstripping3-- ,these are the nearest to ,god1 ,in gardens of delight2 ,a crowd of the men of yore1 ,and a few of the latter days2 ,upon inwrought couches1 ,reclining thereon face to face4 ,youths ever young shall go unto them round about ,with goblets and ewers and a cup of flowing wine1-- ,their heads shall not ache with it1 neither shall they be confused2 ,and fruits of their choice1 ,and flesh of birds to their desire2 ,and damsels with bright eyes like hidden pearls1-- ,a reward for what they have wrought4 ,they shall hear no folly therein1 nor any sin1 ,but only the greeting1 8,peace6 peace60 ,and the people of the right hand--what people of good omen6 ,amid thornless lote-trees1 ,and bananas laden with fruit1 ,and shade outspread1 ,and water flowing1 ,and fruit abundant1 ,never failing1 nor forbidden1 ,and wives exalted-- ,verily we produced them specially ,and made them virgins1 ,amorous1 of equal age1 ,for the people of the right hand1-- ,a crowd of the men of yore1 ,and a crowd of the latter days4 ,but the people of the left hand--what people of ill omen6-- ,amid burning wind and scalding water1 ,and a shade of black smoke1 ,not cool or grateful6 ,verily1 before that1 they were prosperous2 ,but they persisted in the most grievous sin1 ,and used to say1 8,when we have died1 and become dust and bones1 shall we indeed be raised again1 ,and our fathers the men of yore80 ,say3 ,verily those of yore and of the latter days ,shall surely be gathered to the trysting-place of a day which is known4 ,then ye1 ,o ye who err and call it a lie1 ,shall surely eat of the tree of ,zakkm1 ,and fill your bellies with it1 ,and drink upon it scalding water1-- ,drink like the thirsty camel3-- ,this shall be their entertainment on the ,day of ,judgment6 ,it is we who created you2 why then will ye not believe8 ,have ye considered the germs of life-- ,is it ye who create them1 or are we the creators8 ,it is we who have decreed death among you2 yet are we not debarred ,from changing you for your likes1 or producing you how ye know not4 ,but ye have known the first creation3 why will ye not mind8 ,have ye considered what ye sow8 ,is it ye who raise it1 or are we the raisers thereof8 ,if we pleased we could surely make it dry1 so that ye would stop and marvel1 saying 8,we have spent1 yet we are forbidden the fruits40 ,have ye considered the water ye drink8 ,is it ye who send it down from the clouds1 or do we send it down8 ,if we pleased we could make it salt2 why will ye not be thankful8 ,have ye considered the fire which ye kindle8 ,is it ye who make the wood that produces it1 or do we make it8 ,it is we who have made it for a reminder and a benefit to the traveller4 ,then magnify the name of thy ,lord the ,most ,great4 ,and ,i swear by the setting-places of the stars1 ,and that1 if ye knew it1 is verily a mighty oath1 ,verily this is the honourable ,korn1 ,written in the preserved ,book3 ,let none touch it but the purified1-- ,a revelation from the ,lord of the worlds4 ,will ye then disdain this discourse1 ,and make it your daily bread to discredit it8 ,why then when the dying man's soul has come up to his throat1 ,and ye at the moment are watching1-- ,and we are nearer to him than ye1 although ye see us not1-- ,why1 if ye are to have no ,judgment1 ,do ye not cause that soul to return1 if ye speak the truth8 ,but if he be one of those brought nearest to ,god1 ,there is rest for him and sweet odour and a garden of delights4 ,and if he be of the people of the right hand1 ,he shall be greeted with 8,peace to thee10 from the people of the right4 ,and if he be of those who call it a lie1 ,the erring1 ,then an entertainment of scalding water1 ,and broiling in ,hell4 ,verily this is assured truth6 ,so magnify the name of thy ,lord the ,most ,great4 7lvi47 ,,the ,,merciful4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,,the ,,merciful hath taught the ,korn2 ,he created man1 ,taught him clear speech2 ,the sun and the moon in their courses1 ,and the plants and the trees do homage4 ,and the ,heaven1 ,he raised it1 and appointed the balance4 7,that ye should not transgress in the balance3-- ,but weigh ye justly and stint not the balance47 ,and the ,earth1 ,he prepared it for living things1 ,therein is fruit1 and the palm with sheaths1 ,and grain with its husk1 and the fragrant herb3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,he created man of clay like a pot1 ,and ,he created the ,jinn of clear fire3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,lord of the two ,easts1 ,and ,lord of the two ,wests3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,he has let loose the two seas which meet together2 ,yet between them is a barrier they cannot pass3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,he bringeth up therefrom pearls great and small3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,and ,his are the ships towering on the sea like mountains3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,all on the earth passeth away1 ,but the face of thy ,lord abideth endued with majesty and honour3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,all things in the ,heaven and ,earth supplicate ,him1 every day is ,he at work3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,we will apply ourselves to you1 ,o ye two notables3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,o company of ,jinn and men1 if ye are able to compass the boundaries of the ,heavens and of the ,earth1 then compass them2 but ye shall not compass them1 save in our might3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,there shall be shot at you a flash of fire and molten brass2 ye cannot defend yourselves3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,and when the ,heaven shall be rent and become rosy like a red hide3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,on that day neither man nor ,jinn shall be asked about their sin3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,the sinners shall be known by their signs1 and they shall be seized by the forelock and the feet3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 8,this is ,hell which the sinners took for a lie10 ,to and fro shall they wander between it and water scalding hot3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,but for him who feareth the majesty of his ,lord shall be two gardens3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,with trees branched over3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,and therein two flowing wells3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,and therein of every fruit two kinds3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,reclining on couches with linings of brocade and the fruit of the gardens to their hand3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,therein the shy-eyed maidens neither man nor ,jinn hath touched before3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,like rubies and pearls3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,shall the reward of good be aught but good8 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,and beside these shall be two other gardens3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,dark green in hue3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,with gushing wells therein3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,therein fruit and palm and pomegranate3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,therein the best and comeliest maids3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,bright-eyed1 kept in tents3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,man hath not touched them before1 nor ,jinn3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,reclining on green cushions and fine carpets3 ,then which of the bounties of your ,lord will ye twain deny8 ,blessed be the name of thy ,lord endued with majesty and honour4 7lv47 ,,the ,,unity4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,say3 ,he is ,,one ,god2 ,god the ,eternal4 ,he begetteth not1 nor is begotten2 ,nor is there one like unto ,him4 7cxii47 ,,the ,f,,tihah4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,praise be to ,god1 the ,lord of the ,worlds6 ,the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful6 ,king of the day of judgment6 ,thee we worship1 and ,thee we ask for help4 ,guide us in the straight way1 ,the way of those to whom ,thou art gracious2 ,not of those upon whom is ,thy wrath nor of the erring4 7i47 ,,the ,,speeches ,,at ,,mekka ,,ii4 ,,the ,,rhetorical ,,period ,aet4 #dd-df ,a4,d4 #fac-fae ,,the ,,kingdom4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,blessed be ,he in whose hand is the ,,kingdom3 and ,he is powerful over all2 ,who created death and life to prove you which of you is best in actions1 and ,he is the ,mighty1 the ,very ,forgiving2 ,who hath created seven heavens in stages3 thou seest no fault in the creation of the ,merciful2 but lift up thine eyes again2 dost thou see any cracks8 ,then lift up the eyes again twice2 thy sight will recoil to thee dazzled and dim4 ,moreover1 we have decked the lower heaven with lamps1 and have made them for pelting the devils1 and we have prepared for them the torment of the flame4 ,and for those who disbelieve in their ,lord1 the torment of ,hell3 and evil the journey to it6 ,when they shall be cast into it1 they shall hark to its braying as it boileth2-- ,it shall well-nigh burst with fury6 ,every time a troop is thrown into it1 its keepers shall ask them1 8,did not a warner come to you80 ,they shall say1 8,yea6 a warner came to us2 but we took him for a liar1 and said1 #8,god hath not sent down anything4 ,verily1 ye are only in great error4'0 ,and they shall say1 8,had we but hearkened or understood1 we had not been among the people of the flame60 ,and they will confess their sins3 so a curse on the people of the flame6 ,verily they who fear their ,lord in secret1 for them is forgiveness--a great reward4 ,and whether ye hide your speech1 or say it aloud1 verily ,he knoweth well the secrets of the breast6 ,what6 shall ,he not know1 who created8 and ,he is the subtle1 the well-aware6 ,it is ,he who hath made the earth smooth for you3 so walk on its sides1 and eat of what ,he hath provided--and unto ,him shall be the resurrection4 ,are ye sure that ,he who is in the ,heaven will not make the earth sink with you8 and behold1 it shall quake6 ,or are ye sure that ,he who is in the ,heaven will not send against you a sand-storm1--so shall ye know about the warning6 ,and assuredly those who were before them called it a lie1 and how was it with their denial8 ,or do they not look up at the birds over their heads1 flapping their wings8 ,none supporteth them but the ,merciful3 verily ,he seeth all4 ,who is it that will be a host for you1 to defend you1 if not the ,merciful8 verily the unbelievers are in naught but delusion6 ,who is it that will provide for you1 if ,he withhold ,his provision8 ,nay1 they persist in pride and running away6 ,is he1 then1 who goeth grovelling on his face better guided than he who goeth upright on a straight path8 ,say3 it is ,he who produced you and made you hearing and sight and heart--little are ye thankful6 ,say3 it is ,he who sowed you in the earth1 and to ,him shall ye be gathered4 ,but they say1 8,when shall this threat be1 if ye are speakers of truth80 ,say3 the knowledge thereof is with ,god alone1 and ,i am naught but a plain warner4 ,but when they shall see it nigh1 the countenance of those who disbelieved shall be evil1--and it shall be said1 8,this is what ye called for40 ,say3 ,have ye considered--whether ,god destroy me and those with me1 or whether we win mercy--still who will save the unbelievers from aching torment8 ,say3 ,he is the ,merciful3 we believe in ,him1 and in ,him we put our trust--and ye shall soon know which it is that is in manifest error6 ,say3 ,have ye considered if your waters should sink away to-morrow1 who will bring you running water8 7lxvii47 ,,the ,,moon4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,the ,hour approacheth and the ,,moon is cleft asunder4 ,but if they see a sign they turn aside1 and say 8,useless magic60 ,and they call it a lie1 and follow their own lusts3--but everything is ordained4 ,yet there came to them messages of forbiddance-- ,wisdom supreme--but warners serve not6 ,then turn from them3 the ,day when the ,summoner shall summon to a matter of trouble1 ,with eyes cast down shall they come forth from their graves1 as if they were scattered locusts1 ,hurrying headlong to the summoner3 the unbelievers shall say1 8,this is a hard day60 ,the people of ,noah1 before them1 called it a lie1 and they called our servant a liar1 and said1 8,mad60 and he was rejected4 ,then he besought his ,lord1 8,verily ,i am overpowered3 defend me40 ,so we opened the gates of heaven with water pouring forth1 ,and we made the earth break out in springs1 and the waters met by an order foreordained2 ,and we carried him on a vessel of planks and nails1 ,which sailed on beneath our eyes2--a reward for him who had been disbelieved4 ,and we left it as a sign2 but doth any one mind8 ,and what was my torment and warning8 ,and we have made the ,korn easy for reminding2 but doth anyone mind8 ,ad called it a lie2 but what was my torment and warning8 ,lo1 we sent against them a biting wind on a day of settled ill-luck4 ,it tore men away as though they were trunks of palm-trees torn-up4 ,but what was my torment and warning8 ,and we have made the ,korn easy for reminding2 but doth any one mind8 ,thamd called the warning a lie3 ,and they said1 8,a single mortal from among ourselves shall we follow8 verily then we should be in error and madness4 ,is the reminding committed to him alone among us8 ,nay1 he is an insolent liar40 ,they shall know to-morrow about the insolent liar6 ,lo6 we will send the she-camel to prove them3 so mark them well1 and be patient4 ,and predict to them that the water shall be divided between themselves and her1 every draught taken in turn4 ,but they called their companion1 and he took and hamstrung her-- ,and what was my torment and warning8 ,lo6 we sent against them one shout2 and they became like the dry sticks of the hurdle-maker4 ,and we have made the ,korn easy for reminding2 but doth any one mind8 ,the people of ,lot called the warning a lie2-- ,lo6 we sent a sand-storm against them1 except the family of ,lot1 whom we delivered at daybreak ,as a favour from us2 thus do we reward the thankful4 ,and he had warned them of our attack1 but they misdoubted the warning2 ,and they sought his guests1 so we put out their eyes4 8,so taste ye my torment and warning60 ,and in the morning there overtook them a punishment abiding4 8,so taste my torment and warning40 ,and we have made the ,korn easy for reminding2 but doth any one mind8 ,and there came a warning to the people of ,pharaoh3 ,they called our signs all a lie3 so we gripped them with the grip of omnipotent might4 ,are your unbelievers better men than those8 ,is there immunity for you in the ,books8 ,do they say1 8,we are a company able to defend itself80 ,they shall all be routed1 and turn their backs4 ,nay1 but the ,hour is their threatened time1 and the ,hour shall be most grievous and bitter4 ,verily the sinners are in error and madness6 ,one day they shall be dragged into the fire on their faces3 8,taste ye the touch of ,hell40 ,verily all things have we created by a decree1 ,and our command is but one moment1 like the twinkling of an eye4 ,and we have destroyed the like of you3--but doth any one mind8 ,and everything that they do is in the ,books2 ,everything1 little and great1 is written down4 ,verily the pious shall be amid gardens and rivers1 ,in the seat of truth1 before the ,king ,omnipotent4 7liv47 ,k4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,k4 ,by the glorious ,korn4 ,nay1 they marvel that a warner from among themselves hath come to them3 and the unbelievers say1 8,this is a marvellous thing6 ,when we are dead and are become dust6--that is a far-fetched return60 ,we know what the earth consumeth of them1 and with us is a book that keepeth count4 ,nay1 they called the truth a lie when it came to them1 but they are in a perplexed state4 ,will they not look up to the heaven above them1 how we built it1 and beautified it1 and there are no flaws therein8 ,and we spread out the earth1 and cast stable mountains upon it1 and caused to grow there plants of all beauteous kinds1 ,for consideration and warning to every repentant servant4 ,and we sent down water from heaven as a blessing1 and caused thereby gardens and harvest grain to grow1 ,and tall palm-trees with spathes heaped up1 ,a provision for our servants2 and revived thereby a barren land4 ,like that shall the resurrection be4 ,before them the people of ,noah and the people of ,er-,rass and ,thamd called the prophets liars1 ,and ,ad1 and ,pharaoh1 and the brethren of ,lot1 and the people of the grove1 and the people of ,tubba--one and all called the apostles liars1--and found the threat true4 ,were we then impotent as to the first creation8 yet they are in doubt about a new creation4 ,we created man1 and we know what his soul whispereth1 and we are nearer to him than his jugular vein4 ,when the two note-takers take note1 sitting on the right hand and on the left1 ,not a word doth he utter1 but a watcher is by him ready4 ,and the stupor of death shall come in truth2--8this is what thou would'st have avoided40 ,and the trumpet shall be blown1--that is the ,day of the ,threat6 ,and every soul shall come1 along with a driver and a witness-- 8,thou didst not heed this3 so we have taken away from thee thy veil1 and to-day thy sight is keen40 ,and his companion shall say1 8,this is what ,i am ready to witness40 8,cast ye into ,hell every unbelieving rebel1 ,hinderer of the good1 transgressor1 doubter1 ,who setteth up other gods with ,god2 cast ye him into the fierce torment40 ,his companion shall say1 8,o our ,lord6 ,i misled him not2 but he was in fathomless error40 ,god shall say1 8,wrangle not before me1 for ,i charged you before about the threat4 ,my word does not change1 and ,i am not unjust to my servants40 ,on that day will we say to ,hell1 8,art thou full80 and it shall say1 8,is there more80 ,and ,paradise shall be brought nigh to the righteous1 not afar3-- 8,this is what ye were promised1 unto every one who turneth himself to ,god and keepeth ,his laws1 ,who feareth the ,merciful in secret1 and cometh with a contrite heart2 ,enter it in peace30--that is the ,day of ,eternity6 ,they shall have what they please therein1 and increase at our hands4 ,and how many generations have we destroyed before them1 mightier than they in valour6 then seek through the land--is there any refuge8 ,verily in that is a warning to him who hath a heart1 or giveth ear1 and is a beholder4 ,and ,we created the heavens1 and the earth1 and what is between them1 in six days1 and no weariness touched us4 ,then be patient with what they say1 magnify thy ,lord with praise before the rising of the sun and its setting1 ,and in the night magnify ,him1 and in the endings of the prayers4 ,and give ear to the day when the crier shall cry from a near place1 ,the day when they shall hear the shout in truth--that is the day of resurrection6 ,verily it is we who give life and death1 and to us do all return4 ,the day when the earth shall gape asunder over them suddenly--that is the gathering easy to us6 ,we know well what they say3 and thou art not a tyrant over them4 ,but warn by the ,korn him who feareth the threat4 7l47 ,y4 ,s4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,y4 ,s4 ,by the wise ,korn6 ,verily thou art of the ,messengers ,upon the straight way4 ,a revelation of the ,mighty1 the ,merciful3-- ,to warn a people whose fathers were not warned1 and themselves are heedless4 ,our word has proved true against the most of them2 yet they will not believe6 ,verily we have put shackles on their necks1 reaching to the chin1 and their heads are tied back2 ,and we have put a barrier before them and a barrier behind them1 and we have covered them so that they see not2 ,and it is all one to them whether thou warn them or warn them not3 they will not believe4 ,thou wilt only warn to good purpose him who followeth the monition and feareth the ,merciful in secret3 so tell him good tidings of forgiveness and a noble reward4 ,verily it is we who quicken the dead1 and write down the deeds they have sent before them and the vestiges they leave behind them2 and everything do we set down in the plain ,exemplar4 ,and frame for them a parable--the people of the town of ,antioch1 when the ,apostles came to it2 ,when we sent unto them two1 and they called them liars2 so we strengthened them with a third1 and they said1 8,verily we are sent unto you40 ,the people said1 8,ye are only men like us2 and the ,merciful hath not revealed aught2 in sooth ye are only lying40 ,they said1 8,our ,lord knoweth that we are indeed sent unto you2 ,and there is naught laid upon us but to announce a plain message40 ,the people said1 8,of a truth we have drawn an evil augury from you3 unless ye desist1 we will surely stone you1 and a painful punishment shall surely betide you from us40 ,they said1 8,your evil augury is with yourselves6 ,if ye be warned8--,nay6 ye are an ignorant people40 ,and there came from the furthest part of the city a man running3 he said1 8,o my people6 follow the ,apostles1 ,follow those who ask you not for recompense1 and who are guided aright4 ,and what is in me1 that ,i should not worship ,him who made me and to whom ye must return8 ,shall ,i take gods beside ,him8 ,if the ,merciful be pleased to afflict me1 their intercession will not avail me aught1 nor will they deliver me2 ,verily in that case ,i should be in a manifest error4 ,verily ,i believe in your ,lord3 therefore hear ye me40-- ,it was said1 8,enter into ,paradise10 and he said1 8,would that my people knew ,how that my ,lord hath forgiven me and hath made me one of the honoured60 ,and afterwards we sent not down upon his people armies out of heaven nor what we were wont to send down3 ,it was but one shout1 and lo1 they were extinct6 ,o the pity of men6 ,no apostle cometh to them but they laugh him to scorn4 ,do they not consider how many generations we have destroyed before them8 ,verily they shall not return to them1 ,but gathered together before us shall they all be arraigned4 ,and a sign for them is the dead earth which we quicken and bring thereforth grain1 and they eat of it2 ,and we make therein gardens of palm-trees and vines1 and cause springs to gush forth therein2 ,that they may eat of its fruits1 and of the labour of their hands3 and will they not be thankful8 ,extolled be the glory of ,him who hath created all sorts of what the earth beareth1 and of men's selves1 and of that they know not of6 ,and a sign for them is the night4 ,we draw away the day from it1 and lo6 they are in darkness2 ,and the sun hasteneth to her resting-place4--,this is the ordinance of the ,mighty1 the ,wise6-- ,and for the moon we have decreed his mansions1 till he is wasted to the likeness of a withered palm-branch4 ,it is not meet that the sun should overtake the moon1 nor the night outstrip the day2 but each doth swim in its sphere4 ,and it is a sign for them that we carry their offspring in the burthened ship2 ,and that we create for them the like of it to ride on2 ,and if we please1 we drown them1 and there is no succour for them1 nor are they delivered1 ,save in our mercy1 and for a transient joy4 ,and when it is said to them1 8,fear what is before you and what is behind you2 haply ye may obtain mercy30 ,thou bringest not one sign of the signs of their ,lord but they turn away from it6 ,and when it is said to them1 8,give alms of what ,god hath bestowed on you10 they who disbelieve say to those who believe1 8,shall we feed him whom ,god can feed if ,he pleases8 verily ye are only in manifest error40 ,and they say 8,when will this threat come to pass1 if ye be speakers of truth80 ,they await but a single blast2 it shall smite them whilst they are wrangling1 ,and they shall not be able to make their wills1 and unto their families they shall not return4 ,and the trumpet shall be blown1 and behold they shall hasten out of the graves to their ,lord3 ,saying1 8,oh1 woe is us6 who hath roused us from our sleeping-place8 ,this is what the ,merciful threatened2 and the apostles spake truth40 ,there shall be but one blast1 and1 lo6 all are arraigned before us2 ,and on that day no soul shall be wronged at all1 nor shall ye be recompensed save for what ye have wrought4 ,verily on that day the people of ,paradise shall1 be happy in their pursuits1 ,they and their wives reclining on couches in the shade2 ,they have fruit there and whatsoever they demand3 8,peace0 is their greeting from a merciful ,lord4 8,separate ye this day1 ,o ye sinners6 ,did ,i not charge you1 ,o sons of ,adam1 not to serve the ,devil1--surely he is your open enemy1-- ,but to worship ,me3 this is the straight way8 ,yet he led away a great multitude of you3 had ye no wits8 ,this is ,hell1 which ye were threatened with3 ,roast there to-day1 because ye did not believe40 ,on that day will we set a seal on their mouths1 but their hands shall speak to us1 and their feet shall bear witness of what they have earned for themselves4 ,and if we pleased1 we could put out their eyes1 and still would they hasten on their way3 but how would they see8 ,and if we pleased we could transform them as they stand so that they could not go on or turn back2 ,and him whom we make old1 we bow down his body3 have they no wits8 ,we have not taught ,mohammad poetry1 nor would it befit him4 ,it is only a warning and a plain ,korn1 ,to warn whosoever liveth3 and the sentence shall be carried out upon the unbelievers4 ,do they not see that we have created for them1 of what our hands have made1 the cattle which they possess8 ,and we have subdued them unto them1 and some of them are for riding and of some they eat1 ,and they have in them profit and milk to drink3 and will they not be thankful8 ,but they have taken other gods beside ,god1 if haply they may be holpen3 ,they are not able to help them2 yet they themselves are an army arrayed for their defence4 ,but let not their speech grieve thee3 verily1 we know what they hide and what they show6 ,doth not man see that we created him from a germ8 ,yet1 behold he is an open adversary1 ,and he putteth arguments to us1 and forgetteth his creation1 saying1 8,who can quicken bones that are rotten80 ,say3 ,he who first made them to be shall quicken them3 for all creating ,he knoweth well2-- ,who made for you fire from a green tree1 and behold1 ye kindle with it2 ,and is not ,he who created the ,heavens and the ,earth able to create their like8 ,yea6 for ,he is the wise ,creator4 ,his command1 when he willeth a thing1 is only to say to it 8,,be10 and it is6 ,then extolled be the ,perfection of ,him in whose hand is the empire over all1 and to whom ye must return4 7xxxvi47 ,,the ,,children ,,of ,,israel4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,extolled be the glory of ,him who conveyed his servant by night from the ,sacred ,mosque to the furthest mosque1 whose precincts we have blessed1 to show him our signs6 ,verily1 ,he it is who heareth and seeth6 ,and we gave the ,book of the ,law to ,moses and made it a guide to the ,,children ,,of ,,israel--8,take ye no guardian beside ,me1 ,seed of those whom we bare in the ark with ,noah6 ,verily he was a grateful servant60 ,and we ordained for the ,children of ,israel in the ,book1--8,ye shall surely work iniquity in the earth twice1 and ye shall be puffed up with a mighty arrogance40 ,so when the threat came to pass for the first of the two sins1 we sent upon you servants of ours armed with grievous punishment2 and they went among your houses1 and the threat was carried out4 ,then in turn we gave you victory over them1 and helped you with riches and sons1 and made you a very numerous host4 ,if ye do well1 ye will do well to your own souls1 and if ye do ill1 it will be to them also4 ,and when the threat came to pass for the second sin1--the enemy came to afflict you1 and to enter the mosque as they entered it the first time1 and to utterly destroy what they had overpowered4 ,haply your ,lord will have mercy on you6 and if ye turn1 we will turn2 but we have made ,hell for a prison for the unbelievers4 ,verily this ,korn guideth to the right way and giveth good tidings to believers1 ,who do that which is right1 that for them is a great reward2 ,and that for those who believe not in the life to come1 we have made ready an aching torment4 ,man prayeth for evil as he prayeth for good3 for man was ever hasty4 ,we have made the night and the day for two signs3 then we blot out the sign of the night1 and make the sign of the day manifest1 that ye may seek bounty from your ,lord1 and may know the number of the years and the reckoning of time2 and we have defined everything definitely4 ,and every man's fate we have fastened about his neck4 ,and we will bring to him on the day of ,resurrection a book which shall be offered to him open3-- 8,read thy ,book3 thou thyself art accountant enough against thyself this day40 ,he who is guided1 for his own good only shall he be guided1 and he who erreth but to his own hurt2 and one burthened soul shall not be burthened with another's burthen4 ,and we did not punish until we had sent an apostle4 ,and when we resolved to destroy a city1 we enjoined its men of wealth1 but they disobeyed therein2 so the sentence proved true1 and we destroyed it utterly4 ,how many generations have we swept away since ,noah6 and thy ,lord knoweth and seeth enough of the sins of ,his servants4 ,whoso desireth the present life1 we will present him with what we please therein1 to whom we choose3 finally1 we will make ,hell for him to roast in1 disgraced and banished3 ,but whoso desireth the life to come1 and striveth after it strenuously1 and he a believer1--the endeavour of these shall be acceptable3 ,to all1 to these and those1 will we extend the gifts of thy ,lord2 and the gifts of thy ,lord are not limited4 ,see how we have made some of them excellent above others6 but the life to come is greater in degrees and greater in excellence4 ,set no other god with ,god1 lest thou sit down disgraced and defenceless4 ,thy ,lord hath ordained that ye worship none but ,him2 and kindness to your parents1 whether one or both of them attain old age with thee3 then say not to them1 8,fie60 neither reproach them2 but speak to them generous words1 ,and droop the wing of humility to them out of compassion1 and say1 8,lord1 have compassion on them1 like as they fostered me when ,i was little40 7,your ,lord knoweth perfectly what is in your souls1 whether ye be well-doers2 ,and verily ,he is forgiving to the repentant47 ,and render to thy kinsman his due1 and to the poor and to the son of the road 7but lavish not wastefully2 ,truly the wasteful are brothers of the ,devil1 and the ,devil is ungrateful to his ,lord37 ,but if thou turnest away from them1 to seek the mercy which thou hopest from thy ,lord1 yet speak to them gentle words4 ,and let not thy hand be chained to thy neck2 nor yet stretch it forth right open1 or thou wilt sit down in reproach and destitution4 ,verily thy ,lord will be openhanded with provision for whom ,he pleaseth1 or ,he will be sparing2 ,he knoweth and seeth ,his servants4 ,and slay not your children for fear of want3 we will provide for them4 ,beware6 verily killing them is a great sin4 ,and draw not near to inchastity2 verily it is a foul thing1 and evil is the course4 ,and slay not the soul whom ,god hath forbidden you to slay1 unless for a just cause3 and whosoever shall be slain wrongfully1 we give his heir the right of retaliation2 but let him not exceed in slaying2 verily he is protected4 ,and approach not the substance of the orphan1 except to make it better1 till he cometh to maturity3 and observe your covenants2 verily covenants shall be inquired of hereafter4 ,and give full measure when ye measure1 weigh with an even balance2 that is best and fairest in the end4 ,and follow not that of which thou hast no knowledge3 verily the hearing1 and the sight1 and the heart1--all of them shall be inquired of4 ,and walk not proudly on the earth3 verily thou shalt never cleave the earth1 nor reach to the mountains in height6 ,all that is evil in thy ,lord's eye1 an abomination4 ,that is part of the wisdom which thy ,lord hath revealed to thee4 ,and make no other god beside ,god1 or thou wilt be thrown into ,hell in reproach and banishment4 ,hath then the ,lord assigned to you sons1 and shall ,he take for himself daughters from among the angels8 verily ye do say a tremendous saying6 ,and we made variations in this ,korn to warn them2 yet it only increaseth their repulsion4 ,say3 ,if there were other gods with ,him1 as ye say1 they would then seek occasion against the ,lord of the throne4 ,extolled be ,his glory1 and be ,he greatly exalted far above what they say6 ,the seven heavens1 and the earth1 and all that is therein1 magnify ,him1 and there is naught but magnifieth ,his praise2 only ye understand not their worship4 ,verily ,he is forbearing1 forgiving4 ,when thou declaimest the ,korn1 we put between thee and those who believe not in the life to come a close veil2 ,and we put coverings over their hearts1 lest they should understand it1 and deafness in their ears4 ,and when thou tellest of thy ,lord in the ,korn as ,one1 they turn their backs in repulsion4 ,we know well what they listen for1 when they listen to thee1 and when they whisper apart1 when the wicked say1 8,ye do but follow a man enchanted40 ,see what comparisons they make for thee6 but they wander and cannot find the way4 ,they say1 8,what6 when we have become bones and dust1 shall we forsooth be raised as a new creature80 ,say3 ,yes6 were ye stones1 or iron1 or any creature1 the hardest to raise again that your minds can imagine4 ,but they will say1 8,who shall restore us80 ,say3 ,he who began you in the beginning6 ,and they will wag their heads at thee and say1 8,when shall this be80 ,say3 ,maybe it is nigh at hand4-- ,a day when ,god shall summon you and ye shall answer with ,his praise2 and ye shall think that ye have tarried but a little while4 ,and say to my servants that they speak pleasantly3 verily the ,devil provoketh strife among them2 verily the ,devil is man's open enemy4 ,your ,lord knoweth you well2 if ,he please ,he will have mercy on you2 or if ,he please ,he will torment you2 and we have not sent thee to be our governor over them6 ,thy ,lord knoweth well who is in the heavens and in the earth4 ,and we distinguished some of the prophets above others1 and we gave to ,david the ,psalms4 ,say3 ,call ye upon those whom ye profess beside ,him2 but they will have no power to put away trouble from you or alter it4 ,those whom they invoke do themselves strive for access to their ,lord1 which of them shall be nearest3 and they hope for ,his mercy and fear ,his torment3 verily the torment of thy ,lord is to be dreaded4 ,there is no city but we will destroy it before the ,day of ,resurrection1 or torment it with grievous torment4 ,that is written in the ,book4 ,nothing hindered our sending thee with signs but that the people of yore called them lies4 ,we gave ,thamd the she-camel before their very eyes1 but they maltreated her2 and we send not a prophet with signs except to terrify4 ,and when we said to thee1 8,verily thy ,lord encompasseth mankind20--and we made the vision which we showed thee1 and the accursed tree in the ,korn1 only to prove men2 and we will terrify them2 but it shall only add to their great disobedience4 ,and when we said to the angels1 8,bow down to ,adam30 and they all bowed down save ,ibls3 who said1 8,what6 shall ,i bow down to him whom thou hast created of clay80 ,and said1 8,dost thou consider this one whom thou hast honoured above me8 ,verily1 if thou didst spare me till the day of ,resurrection1 ,i would utterly destroy his offspring1 all but a few60 ,god said1 8,begone2 but whosoever of them followeth thee1 verily1 ,hell is to be your reward--reward enough6 ,and tempt whom thou canst of them by thy voice2 and assail them with thy horsemen and thy footmen1 and share with them in their riches and their children1 and make them promises4 7,but the ,devil's promises are deceitful47 ,verily thou hast no power over my servants3 and thy ,lord sufficeth for a defender40 ,it is your ,lord who driveth your ships on the sea1 that ye may seek of ,his abundance1 verily ,he is merciful to you4 ,and when a harm befalleth you at sea1 they whom ye call on beside ,him are missing6 ,then when ,he bringeth you safe to land1 ye stand aloof3 for man was ever thankless4 ,are ye sure that ,he will not swallow you up on the shore1 or send a sand-storm against you8 then ye would not find for you any defender4 ,or are ye sure that ,he will not turn you back again to sea1 and send against you a storm of wind and drown you1 because ye were thankless8 ,then shall ye find for yourselves no helper against us4 ,and we have honoured the sons of ,adam2 and we have borne them on the land and on the sea1 and have fed them with good things1 and distinguished them above many of our creatures4 ,on a day we will summon all men with their scripture3 then whoso is given his book into his right hand1--these shall read their book and not be wronged a whit4 ,and he who has been blind in this life shall be blind in the life to come1 and miss the road yet more4 ,and verily they had well-nigh tempted thee from what we revealed to thee1 to forge against us something false2 and then they would have taken thee to friend2 ,and had we not prevented thee1 thou hadst well-nigh inclined to them a little3 ,in that case we would have made thee to taste of torment double in life and double in death1 then should'st thou find for thyself no helper against us4 ,and they well-nigh frightened thee from the land1 to drive thee out of it2 but if they had1 they should only have tarried a little while behind thee4 ,this was our custom with our apostles whom we sent before thee1 and thou shalt find no changing in our custom4 ,perform prayer from the setting of the sun till the fall of night1 and the recital at dawn1--verily the recital at dawn is witnessed3 ,and watch thou part of the night as a voluntary service2 it may be that thy ,lord will raise thee to a place of praise3 ,and say3 ,o my ,lord1 cause me to enter with a right entry1 and to come forth with a right forthcoming1 and grant me from thyself a power of defence4 ,and say3 ,truth is come and falsehood is fled away3 verily falsehood is a fleeting thing4 ,and we send down from the ,korn healing and mercy to the faithful2 but it shall only add to the ruin of the wicked4 ,and when we are gracious to man1 he turneth away and standeth aloof2 but when evil touches him he is in despair4 ,say3 ,every one doeth after his own fashion1 but your ,lord knoweth perfectly who is best guided on the road4 ,and they will ask thee of the ,spirit2 ,say3 ,the ,spirit cometh at my ,lord's behest1 and ye are given but scant knowledge4 ,and assuredly1 if we pleased we could take away what we have revealed to thee3 then wouldst thou not find for thyself a defender against us1 ,save in mercy from thy ,lord2 verily ,his bounty towards thee is great4 ,say3 ,surely if mankind and the ,jinn united in order to produce the like of this ,korn1 they could not produce its like1 though they helped one another4 ,we have varied every kind of parable for men in this ,korn1 but most men consent only to discredit it4 ,and they say1 8,we will by no means believe in thee till thou makest a spring to gush forth for us from the earth2 ,or till there cometh to thee a garden of palm-trees and grapes1 and thou makest rivers to gush forth abundantly in its midst2 ,or thou make the heaven to fall down in pieces upon us1 as thou pretendest2 or bring ,god and the angels before us2 ,or thou have a house of gold2 or thou ascend up into ,heaven2 and we will not believe in thy ascent until thou send down to us a book which we may read40 ,say3 ,extolled be the glory of my ,lord6 ,am ,i aught save a man1 a messenger8 ,and nothing prevented men from believing1 when the guidance came to them1 but their saying1 8,hath ,god sent a mere man as a messenger80 ,say3 ,had there been angels upon the earth walking at ease1 we had surely sent them an angel from heaven as an apostle4 ,say3 ,god is witness enough between me and you3 verily ,he knoweth and seeth ,his servants4 ,and whom ,god guideth1 he is guided1 and whom ,he misleadeth1 thou shalt find him no protectors beside ,him2 and we will gather them on the day of ,resurrection upon their faces1 blind1 and dumb1 and deaf1 hell is their abode2 so oft as its fire dieth down1 we will stir up the flame4 ,this is their reward1 for that they believed not our signs1 and said1 8,when we are become bones and dust1 shall we indeed be raised a new creature80 ,do they not see that ,god1 who created the heavens and the earth is able to create their likes8 and ,he hath made an appointed term for them3 there is no doubt of it2 but the wicked consent only to deny it6 ,say3 ,if ye possessed the treasures of the mercy of thy ,lord1 ye would then assuredly keep them1 in fear of spending3 for man is niggardly4 ,heretofore ,we brought to ,moses nine evident signs3 ,ask then the ,children of ,israel the story--when he came unto them1 and ,pharaoh said unto him1 8,verily ,i consider thee to be bewitched1 ,o ,moses40 ,he said1 8,thou knowest that none hath sent these down as proofs but the ,lord of the heavens and the earth2 and verily ,i consider thee1 ,o ,pharaoh1 accursed40 ,so he sought to drive them out of the land2 but we drowned him and those with him1 every one4 ,and after this we said to the ,children of ,israel1 8,dwell ye in the land1 and when the promise of the life to come befalleth1 we will bring you in a troop to judgment40 ,and in truth have we sent down the ,korn1 and in truth came it down1 and we have sent thee only to give good tidings and to warn4 ,and the ,korn have we divided that thou mayest recite it unto men by degrees2 and we have sent it down by separate sendings4 ,say3 ,believe ye therein or believe ye not2--those verily to whom knowledge hath been given before1 when it is told to them1 fall down on their faces in adoration1 and say1 8,extolled be the glory of our ,lord6 verily the promise of our ,lord is accomplished40 ,and they fall down upon their faces weeping1 and it increaseth their humility4 ,say3 ,call upon ,god1 or call upon the ,merciful1 whichever ye call ,him by2 for ,his are the goodliest names4 ,and be not loud in thy prayer1 nor yet mutter it low2 but follow a course between4 ,and ,say3 ,praise be to ,god who hath not taken a son1 and who hath no partner in the ,kingdom1 and no protector hath ,he for abasement2 and glorify ,him gloriously4 7xvii47 ,,the ,,speeches ,,at ,,mekka ,,iii4 ,,the ,,argumentative ,,period ,aet4 #df-ec ,a4,d4 #fae-fbb ,,the ,,believer4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,h4 ,m4 ,the revelation of the ,book is from ,god the ,mighty1 the ,wise1 ,forgiver of sin1 and accepter of repentance1--heavy in punishment1 ,long-suffering3 there is no ,god but ,he1 to whom is your journeying4 ,none dispute about the signs of ,god save those who disbelieve2 but let not their trafficking in the land deceive thee4 ,before them the people of ,noah1 and the allies after them1 denied1 and every folk hath purposed against its apostle to overmaster him1 and they argued with falsehood to rebut the truth therewith2 but ,i did overmaster them and how great was my punishment6 ,and thus was the sentence of thy ,lord accomplished upon those who disbelieved1 that they should be inmates of the ,fire6 ,they that bear the ,throne and they that are round about it magnify the praise of their ,lord and believe in ,him and beg forgiveness for those who believe3--8,o our ,lord6 thou embracest all things in mercy and knowledge1 give pardon to those who repent and follow thy path1 and keep them from the torment of hell1 ,o our ,lord1 and bring them into the gardens of eternity which thou hast promised to them and to the just among their fathers and their wives and their offspring2 verily thou art the ,mighty1 the ,wise2 ,and keep them from evil2 for he whom thou keepest from evil on that day1 on him hast thou had mercy--and that is the great prize60 ,verily to those who disbelieve shall come a voice1 8,surely the hatred of ,god is greater than your hatred among yourselves1 when ye are called to the faith1 and disbelieve40 ,they shall say1 8,o our ,lord1 twice hast thou given us death1 and twice hast thou given us life3 and we acknowledge our sins3 is there then a way to escape80-- 8,that hath befallen you because when one ,god was proclaimed1 ye disbelieved3 but when ,partners were ascribed to ,him1 ye believed3 but judgment belongeth unto ,god1 the ,high1 the ,great40 ,it is ,he who showeth you ,his signs1 and sendeth down to you provision from heaven3 but none mindeth except the repentant4 ,then call on ,god with due obedience1 though loth be the infidels2 ,of high degree1 ,lord of the throne2 ,he sendeth down the ,spirit at ,his will upon whom ,he pleaseth of ,his servants to warn men of the day of the ,tryst3-- ,the day when they shall come forth1 and when nothing of theirs shall be hidden from ,god4 ,whose is the kingship on that day8 ,it is ,god's1 the ,one1 the ,conqueror6 ,the day every soul shall be rewarded for what it hath earned3 no injustice shall there be on that day6 ,verily ,god is swift to reckon4 ,and warn them of the approaching ,day1 when their hearts shall choke in their throats1 ,when the wicked have no friend nor intercessor to prevail4 ,he knoweth the deceitful of eye1 and what the breast concealeth1 ,and ,god judgeth with truth2 but those gods whom they call on beside ,him cannot judge aught4 ,verily it is ,god that heareth and seeth6 ,have they not journeyed in the earth1 and seen what was the end of those who were before them8 ,those were mightier than they in strength1 and in their footprints on the earth3 but ,god overtook them in their sins1 and there was none to keep them from ,god4 ,that was because apostles had come to them with manifestations1 and they believed not3 but ,god overtook them2 verily ,he is strong and heavy in punishment4 ,we sent ,moses of old with our signs and with plain authority1 ,to ,pharaoh1 and ,haman1 and ,korah3 and they said1 8,a lying wizard40 ,and when he came to them with truth from us they said1 8,slay the sons of those who believe with them1 and spare their women20 but the plot of the unbelievers was at fault3 ,and ,pharaoh said1 8,let me alone to kill ,moses2 and let him call upon his ,lord3 verily ,i fear lest he change your religion1 or cause iniquity in the earth40 ,and ,moses said1 8,verily ,i take refuge with my ,lord and your ,lord from every one puffed up who believeth not in the day of reckoning40 ,and there spake a man of the family of ,pharaoh1 a ,,believer1 who concealed his faith1 8,will ye kill a man because he saith my ,lord is ,god1 when he hath come unto you with manifestations from your ,lord8 for if he be a liar1 upon him alone is his lie1 but if he be a man of truth1 somewhat of that which he threateneth will befall you4 ,verily ,god guideth not him who is an outrageous liar4 ,o my people1 to-day is the kingdom yours who are uppermost in the earth6 but who will defend us against the might of ,god if it come upon us80 ,pharaoh said1 8,i will only show you what ,i think1 and ,i will not guide you save in a right way40 ,then said he who believed1 8,o my people1 verily ,i fear for you the like of the day of the allies1 ,the like of the state of the people of ,noah1 and ,ad1 and ,thamd1 ,and of those who came after them2 and ,god willeth not injustice to ,his servants4 ,and1 ,o my people6 verily ,i fear for you the day of crying out3 ,the day when ye shall turn your backs in flight1 ye shall have no protector against ,god2 and he whom ,god misleads1 no guide has he4 ,moreover1 ,joseph came unto you before with manifestations2 but ye ceased not to doubt about the message he brought you1 until when he died ye said1 #8,god will by no means send an apostle after him4' ,thus ,god misleadeth him who is an outrageous doubter4 ,they who dispute about the signs of ,god1 and no proof coming to them1 are very hateful to ,god and to those who believe4 ,thus ,god sealeth the heart of all who are puffed up and arrogant40 ,and ,pharaoh said1 8,o ,haman1 build me a tower1 mayhap ,i shall reach the avenues1 ,the avenues of the heavens1 and may ascend to the ,god of ,moses3 but verily ,i hold him a liar40 ,and thus the wickedness of his deed seemed good to ,pharaoh1 and he was turned away from the right path2 but the plot of ,pharaoh only came to ruin4 ,and he who believed said1 8,o my people1 follow me3 ,i will guide you the right way4 ,o my people1 the life of this world is but a passing joy2 but the life to come1 that is the abode imperishable4 ,whosoever doeth evil shall not be rewarded save with its like2 and whosoever doeth right1 whether male or female1 being a believer--these shall enter paradise2 and be provided therein without count4 ,and ,o my people6 how is it that ,i bid you to salvation1 but that ye bid me to the ,fire8 ,ye call me to disbelieve in ,god and join to ,him that of which ,i have no knowledge3 and ,i call you to the ,mighty1 the ,very ,forgiving4 ,there is no doubt but that those ye call me to are not to be called on in this world or in the world to come1 and that we shall return unto ,god1 and the transgressors shall be inmates of the ,fire4 ,then shall ye call to mind what ,i said to you3 and ,i commit my case to ,god3 verily ,god regardeth ,his servants40 ,so ,god kept him from the evil which they devised1 and there encompassed the people of ,pharaoh the woeful torment-- ,the ,fire1 to which they shall be exposed morning and evening2 and on the day when the ,hour cometh--8,enter1 ye people of ,pharaoh1 into the sorest torment40 ,and when they shall wrangle together in the fire1 the feeble shall say to those who were puffed up1 8,verily we followed you3 will ye then remove from us aught of the ,fire80 ,and those who were puffed up will say1 8,verily we are all in it4 ,behold6 ,god hath judged between ,his servants40 ,and they who are in the ,fire shall say to the keepers of ,hell1 8,call on your ,lord1 that ,he remit us one day from the torment40 ,the keepers shall say1 8,did there not come to you your apostles with manifestations80 ,they shall say1 8,yea40 ,the keepers shall say1 8,call then10 but the cry of the unbelievers shall be vain4 ,verily we will help our apostles and those who believe1 both in the life of this world and on the day when the witness shall stand forth2-- ,a day whereon the excuse of the wicked shall not profit them2 but they shall have the curse and the abode of woe4 ,and of old gave we ,moses the guidance1 and the ,children of ,israel made we heirs of the ,book1--a guidance and a warning to those who have understanding4 ,be patient1 therefore2 verily the promise of ,god is true2 and seek pardon for thy sins1 and magnify the praises of thy ,lord at eve and early morn4 ,verily those who dispute about the signs of ,god1 without proof reaching them1 there is naught in their breasts but pride3 and they shall not win4 ,but seek refuge with ,god2 verily1 ,he heareth and seeth4 ,surely the creation of the heavens and the earth is greater than the creation of man4 ,but most men do not know4 ,moreover the blind and the seeing are not equal1 nor the sinner and they who believe and do the things that are right2--little do they mind6 ,verily the ,hour is assuredly coming3 there is no doubt of it2--but most men do not believe4 ,and your ,lord saith1 8,call upon me2--,i will hearken unto you3 but as to those who are too puffed up for my service1 they shall enter ,hell in contempt40 ,it is ,god who made you the night to rest in1 and the day for seeing3 verily ,god is bounteous to man1 but most men are not thankful4 ,that is ,god your ,lord1 ,creator of all things3 there is no god but ,he3 then why do ye turn away8 ,thus do they turn away who gainsay the signs of ,god-- ,god1 who made you the earth for a resting-place and the heaven for a tent1 and formed you and made goodly your forms and provided you with good things--that is ,god1 your ,lord4 ,then blessed be ,god1 the ,lord of the worlds6 ,he is the ,living ,one4 ,no god is there but ,he6 then call upon ,him1 purifying your service to ,him4 ,praise be to ,god1 the ,lord of the worlds6 ,say3 ,verily ,i am forbidden to serve those whom ye call on beside ,god1 since there came to me manifestations from my ,lord1 and ,i am bidden to resign myself to the ,lord of the worlds4 ,he it is who created you of dust1 then of a germ1 then of blood2 then bringeth you forth a babe3 then ye come to your strength1 then ye become old men 7but some of you die before7 and reach the appointed term3 haply ye will understand6 ,it is ,he who giveth life and death2 and when ,he decreeth a thing1 ,he only saith to it1 8,be10 and it is4 ,hast thou not beheld those who cavil at the signs of ,god1 how they are turned aside8 ,they who call the ,book1 and that with which we have sent our apostles1 a lie3 they shall soon know6 ,when the shackles shall be on their necks1 and the chains1 whilst they are dragged into ,hell--then in the fire shall they be burned-- ,then shall it be said to them1 8,where is that which ye joined in worship beside ,god80 ,they shall say1 8,they are lost to us1 ,nay6 we did not call before upon anything40 ,thus ,god misleadeth the unbelievers4 8,that is because ye exulted on earth in what was not true1 and because ye were insolent40 ,enter the gates of ,hell to abide therein for ever3 and wretched is the abode of the proud6 ,but be thou patient3 verily the promise of ,god is true3 and whether we show thee part of what we threatened them1 or whether we make thee to die2 yet to us shall they return4 ,we have sent apostles before thee4 ,of some we have told thee and of some we have not told thee3 but no apostle was able to bring a sign unless by the permission of ,god4 ,but when ,god's behest cometh1 everything is decided with truth3 and those perish who think it vain4 ,it is ,god who hath made for you the cattle1 some to ride and some to eat1 7,and ye have profit from them7 and to attain by them the aims of your hearts1 for on them and in ships are ye borne3 ,and ,he showeth you ,his signs3 which then of the signs of ,god will ye deny8 ,have they not journeyed in the earth1 and seen what was the end of those who were before them8 ,they were in number more than they1 and mightier in strength1 and in their footprints on the earth3 but what they had earned availed them nothing2 ,and when their apostles came to them with manifestations1 they exulted in what knowledge they had2 but that which they had scoffed at encompassed them4 ,and when they beheld our might they said1 8,we believe in ,god alone1 and we disbelieve in what we joined in worship with ,him40 ,and naught availed their faith1 after they witnessed our might4 ,such the way of ,god which was reserved for his servants--and therein the unbelievers have lost4 7xl47 ,,jonah4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,a4 ,l4 ,r4 ,these are the signs of the wise ,book6 ,is it a matter of wonder to the people that we revealed to a man from among themselves1 8,warn the people2 and bring good tidings to those who believe1 that the reward of their good faith is with their ,lord80 ,the unbelievers say1 8,lo6 this is an evident sorcerer60 ,verily your ,lord is ,god1 who made the heavens and the earth in six days--then ascended the throne to govern all things3 there is none to plead with ,him save by ,his permission4--,this is ,god1 your ,lord6 then worship ye ,him3 will ye not mind8 ,unto ,him shall ye all return by the sure promise of ,god3 behold6 ,he produces a creature1 then maketh it return again1 that ,he may reward with equity those who believe and do the things that are right3 but those who believe not1 for them is the scalding drink1 and an aching torment--because they did not believe4 ,it is ,he who hath made the sun for shining1 and the moon for light1 and ordained him mansions that ye may learn the number of years and the reckoning of time4 ,god did not create that but in truth4 ,he maketh ,his signs plain to a people who know4 ,verily in the alterations of the night and the day1 and in all that ,god created in the heavens and the earth1 are signs to a godfearing folk4 ,verily they who do not hope to meet us1 and are satisfied with the life of this world1 and are content with it1 and they who are careless of our signs1-- ,their dwelling-place is the ,fire1 for what they have earned4 ,verily they who believe and do the things that are right1 their ,lord shall guide them because of their faith2 beneath them rivers shall flow in gardens of delight3 ,their cry therein shall be1 8,extolled be thy glory1 ,o ,god60 and their salutation therein shall be 8,peace60 ,and the end of their cry shall be1 8,praise to ,god1 ,lord of the worlds60 ,and if ,god should hasten woe upon men as they fain would hasten weal1 verily their appointed term is decreed for them6 therefore we leave those who hope not to meet us groping in their disobedience4 ,moreover1 when affliction toucheth man1 he calleth us upon his side1 sitting1 or standing2 and when we take away his affliction from him1 he passeth on as though he had not called us in the affliction that touched him6 ,thus do the deeds of transgressors seem good to them6 ,we have destroyed generations before you1 when they sinned and their apostles came to them with manifestations and they would not believe2--thus do we requite the sinful folk4 ,then we made you their successors in the earth after them1 to see how ye would act4 ,but when our manifest signs are recited to them1 they who hope not to meet us say1 8,bring a different ,korn from this1 or change it40 ,say3 ,it is not for me to change it of mine own will4 ,i follow only what is revealed to me3 verily ,i fear if ,i disobey my ,lord the torment of the great ,day4 ,say3 ,if ,god pleased1 ,i had not recited it to you nor taught it you2 and already ,i had dwelt a lifetime amongst you before that3 have ye then no wits8 ,and who is more wicked than he who forgeth a lie against ,god1 or saith ,his signs are lies8 ,surely the sinners shall not prosper6 ,and they worship beside ,god that which cannot hurt them or help them2 and they say1 8,these shall be our pleaders with ,god40 ,say3 ,will ye tell ,god of anything ,he doth not know in the heavens and in the earth8 ,extolled be ,his glory6 and far be ,he above what they associate with ,him6 ,men were of only one religion3 then they differed1 and had not a decree gone forth from thy ,lord1 there had certainly been made a decision between them of that whereon they differed4 ,and they say1 8,had a sign been sent down to him from his ,lord 4440--but say3 ,the unseen is with ,god alone3 wait1 therefore2 verily ,i am waiting with you4 ,and when we caused men to taste of mercy after affliction had touched them1 behold6 they have a plot against our signs6 ,say3 ,god is quick at plotting6 verily our messengers write down what ye plot4 ,he it is who maketh you journey by land and sea1 until1 when ye are in ships--and they run with them before a fair wind1 and they rejoice thereat1 there cometh upon them a violent wind1 and the waves come upon them from every side1 and they suppose they are sore pressed therewith2 they call on ,god1 offering ,him sincere religion3--8,do thou but deliver us from this1 and we will indeed be of the thankful40 ,but when we have delivered them1 lo1 they transgress unjustly on the earth6 ,o ye people6 ye wrong your own souls only for the enjoyment of the life of this world3 then to us shall ye return2 and we will tell you what ye have done4 ,the likeness of the life of this world is as the water which we send down from the heaven1 and there mingleth with it the produce of the earth of which men and cattle eat1 until when the earth hath put on its blazonry and is arrayed1 and its inhabitants think it is they who ordain it1 our command cometh to it by night or day1 and we make it mown down1 as if it had not teemed yesterday6 ,thus do we explain our signs to a reflecting folk4 ,and ,god calleth you unto the abode of peace3 and guideth whom ,he will into the straight way3 ,to those who have done well1 weal and to spare1 ,neither blackness shall cover their faces nor shame6 these are the inmates of ,paradise1 to abide therein for ever4 ,and as for those who have earned evil1 the recompense of evil is its like2 shame shall cover them--no defender shall they have against ,god--as though their faces were darkened with the gloom of night3 these are the inmates of the ,fire to abide therein for ever4 ,and on the day we will gather them all together1 then will we say to those who made ,partners with ,god1 8,to your place1 ye and your ,partners60 and we will separate between them2 and their partners shall say1 8,ye worshipped not us1 ,and ,god is witness enough between us and you that we were indifferent to your worship60 ,then shall every soul make proof of what it hath sent on before1 and they shall be brought back to ,god their true ,master1 and what they devised shall vanish from them4 ,say3 ,who provideth you from the heaven and the earth8 who is king over hearing and sight8 and who bringeth forth the living from the dead and bringeth forth the dead from the living8 and who ruleth all things8 ,and they shall say1 8,god30 then say3 ,do ye not fear8 ,so that is ,god your true ,lord3 and after the truth1 what is there but error8 ,how then are ye turned away8 ,thus is the word of thy ,lord fulfilled upon those who work iniquity3 they shall not believe4 ,say3 ,is there any of the ,partners of ,god who can produce a creature1 then bring it back again8 ,say3 ,god produceth a creature then bringeth it back again3 how then are ye deceived8 ,say3 ,is there any of the ,partners who guideth to the truth8 ,say3 ,god guideth unto the truth4 ,is he who guideth to the truth the worthier to be followed1 or he who guideth not except he be guided8 ,what is in you so to judge8 ,and most of them only follow a fancy3 but a fancy profiteth nothing against the truth6 verily ,god knoweth what they do4 ,moreover this ,korn could not have been devised without ,god3 but it confirmeth what preceded it1 and explaineth the ,scripture--there is no doubt therein--from the ,lord of the worlds4 ,do they say1 8,he hath devised it himself80 ,say3 ,then bring a chapter like it3 and call on whom ye can beside ,god1 if ye be speakers of truth4 ,nay1 they call all that a lie1 of which they compass not the knowledge1 though the explanation of it hath not yet been given them2 so did those who were before them call the ,scriptures lies3 but see what was the end of the wicked6 ,and some of them believe in it1 and some of them believe not in it4 ,but thy ,lord knoweth best about the evildoers4 ,and if they call thee a liar1 say1 ,i have my work1 and ye have your work3 ye are clear of what ,i work1 and ,i am clear of what ye work4 ,and some of them hearken to thee2 but canst thou make the deaf hear if they have no wits8 ,and some of them regard thee2 but canst thou guide the blind when they see not8 ,verily ,god doth not wrong man a whit1 but men wrong themselves4 ,and on a day ,he will gather them1 as though they had tarried but an hour of the day3 they shall know one another6 ,they are lost who denied the meeting with ,god and were not guided6 ,whether we show thee part of what we threatened against them1 or whether we take thee to ourself before1 to us is their return--then shall ,god be witness of what they have done4 ,and every nation hath its apostle2 and when their apostle is come1 it is decided between them with equity1 and they are not wronged4 ,yet they say1 8,when will this promise be1 if ye be speakers of truth80 ,say3 ,i have no power for myself for woe or weal1 except as ,god pleaseth4 ,every people hath its appointed term3 when their term is come1 they shall not put it off nor hasten it an hour4 ,say3 ,bethink ye1 if the torment of ,god come upon you by night or by day1 what portion of it will the sinners willingly hasten on8 ,when it happeneth1 will ye believe it then8 ,yet would ye fain hasten it on6 ,then shall it be said to those who transgressed1 8,taste ye the torment of eternity6 ,shall ye be rewarded save according to what ye have earned80 ,they would fain know of thee if this is true4 ,say3 ,yea1 by my ,lord1 it is indeed true1 and ye cannot weaken ,him4 ,and if every soul that transgressed owned all that is on earth1 he would assuredly give it in ransom2 and they will declare their repentance when they have seen the torment3 and there shall be a decision between them with equity1 and they shall not be wronged4 ,is not indeed whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth ,god's8 ,is not indeed the promise of ,god true8 ,but most of them do not know6 ,he giveth life and death1 and to ,him shall ye return4 ,o ye people6 now hath a warning come to you from your ,lord1 and a healing for what is in your breasts1 and a guidance and a mercy to the believers4 ,say3 ,by the grace of ,god and his mercy6 ,and in that let them therefore rejoice3 this is better than what they heap up4 ,say3 ,do ye consider what ,god hath sent down to you for provision3 but ye made thereof unlawful and lawful8 ,say1 did ,god permit you8 or do ye forge against ,god8 ,but what will they think on the day of resurrection who forge a lie against ,god8 ,truly ,god is full of bounty towards man2 but most of them are not thankful4 ,thou shalt not be in any business1 and thou shalt not read from the ,korn1 and ye shall not do any deed1 but we are witness against you when ye are engaged therein2 and there escapeth not thy ,lord an ant's weight in earth or in heaven3 and there is nothing lesser or greater than that1 but it is in the plain ,book4 ,are not they truly the friends of ,god on whom is no fear neither are they sorrowful-- ,they who believed and feared ,god1-- ,for them are good tidings in the life of this world1 and in the life to come there is no changing in ,god's sentences4 ,that is the great prize6 ,and let not their discourse grieve thee3 verily all power belongeth to ,god1 ,he it is who heareth and knoweth4 ,doth not whoever is in the heavens and whoever is in the earth belong to ,god8 then what do they follow who call upon ,partners beside ,god8 verily they follow but a fancy2 and verily they are naught but liars4 ,it is ,he who made you the night to rest in1 and the day for seeing3 verily in that are signs to a folk that can hear6 ,they say1 8,god hath taken him a son40 ,extolled be his glory6 ,he is the ,self-sufficient1 all that is in the heavens1 and all that is in the earth is his6 ye have no warranty for this6 do ye say about ,god that which ye know not8 ,say3 ,verily they who forge this lie against ,god shall not prosper3-- ,a passing joy in this world1 then to us they return2 and then we will make them taste the grievous torment1 because they did not believe4 ,and tell them the story of ,noah1 when he said to his people1--8,o my people6 though my dwelling with you and my warning you of the signs of ,god hath been grievous to you1 yet in ,god do ,i put my trust3 so gather together your case and your ,partners2 then will not your case fall upon you in the dark3 then decide about me and delay not4 ,and if ye turn1 yet ask ,i no reward from you3 my reward is with ,god alone1 and ,i am commanded to be of those who are resigned40 ,but they called him a liar1 so we delivered him and those who were with him in the ship1 and we made them to survive2 and we drowned those who had called our signs lies3 see then what was the end of those who were warned6 ,then after him1 we sent apostles to their people1 and they came to them with manifestations3 but they would not believe in what they had denied before3 thus do we put a seal upon the hearts of the transgressors4 ,then sent we1 after them1 ,moses and ,aaron to ,pharaoh and his nobles with our signs2 but they were puffed up and were a sinful folk4 ,and when the truth came to them from us1 they said1 8,this is clear sorcery indeed40 ,moses said1 8,say ye of the truth when it is come to you1 ,is this sorcery8--but sorcerers shall not prosper40 ,they said1 8,art thou come to us to hinder us from what we found our fathers in1 and in order that for you twain there shall be majesty in the land8 but we are not going to believe in you60 ,and ,pharaoh said1 8,fetch me every wise sorcerer40 ,and when the sorcerers came1 ,moses said to them1 8,cast down what ye have to cast40 ,and when they had cast them down1 ,moses said1 8,what ye come with is sorcery3 verily ,god will make it vain2 aye1 ,god doth not prosper the work of evildoers2 ,and ,god will establish the truth by his word1 though loth be the sinners40 ,and none believed in ,moses but the children of his own folk1 for fear of ,pharaoh and his nobles1 lest he should afflict them3 for of a truth ,pharaoh was mighty in the earth1 and verily he was of the transgressors4 ,and ,moses said1 8,o my people6 if ye believe in ,god1 put your trust in ,him1 if ye are resigned40 ,and they said1 8,in ,god do we put our trust4 ,o our ,lord1 make us not a trial to the folk of the wicked1 ,and deliver us in ,thy mercy from the folk of the unbelievers40 ,then revealed we to ,moses and to his brother3 8,build houses for your people in ,egypt1 and make your houses with a ,kibla1 and perform prayer1 and give good tidings to the believers40 ,and ,moses said1 8,o our ,lord1 thou hast indeed given to ,pharaoh and his nobles adornments and riches in the life of this world3 ,o our ,lord6 may they err from thy way2 ,o our ,lord1 confound their riches1 and harden their hearts1 so shall they not believe until they see the aching torment40 ,god said3 8,your prayer is heard1 then stand ye upright1 and follow not the path of those who know not40 ,and we brought the ,children of ,israel across the sea2 and ,pharaoh and his host followed them1 eager and hostile1 until when drowning overtook him he said1 8,i believe that there is no ,god but ,he in whom the ,children of ,israel believe1 and ,i am one of the resigned40 8,now6 thou hast been rebellious aforetime1 and wast one of the evildoers1 ,this day will we raise thee in thy flesh1 to be a sign to those who come after thee3 but verily many men are heedless of our signs60 ,moreover we lodged the ,children of ,israel in a firm abode1 and provided them with good things3 and they did not differ until the knowledge came to them2 verily thy ,lord will decide between them on the ,day of ,resurrection concerning that on which they differed4 ,and if thou art in doubt of what we have sent down to thee1 inquire of those who read the ,scriptures before thee4 ,now hath truth come unto thee from thy ,lord3 then be not thou of those who doubt1 ,neither be of those who deny the signs of ,god lest thou be among the losers4 ,verily they against whom the word of thy ,lord is passed shall not believe1-- ,though there came unto them every kind of sign1--till they behold the aching torment4 ,else any city had believed1 and its faith had benefited it3--save the people of ,,jonah2 when they believed1 we took away from them the torment of shame in the life of this world1 and provided for them awhile4 ,but if thy ,lord pleased1 verily all who are in the earth had believed together4 ,then canst thou compel men to become believers8 ,it is not in a soul to believe but by the permission of ,god3 and ,he shall lay ,his curse on those who have no wits4 ,say3 ,look upon that which is in the heavens and in the earth3 but signs and warners avail not a folk that will not believe6 ,what then can they expect but the like of the days of those who passed away before them8 ,say3 ,wait ye1--,i too am waiting with you4 ,then will we deliver our apostles and those who believe3 thus is it binding on us to deliver the faithful4 ,say3 ,o ye people6 if ye are in doubt of my religion1 ,i do not worship those whom ye worship beside ,god2 but ,i worship ,god1 who taketh you away2 and ,i am commanded to be of the faithful4 ,and set thy face towards religion as a ,hanf1 and be not of those idolaters3 ,and invoke not beside ,god that which can neither help nor hurt2 for if thou do1 thou wilt certainly be of the wicked4 ,and if ,god touch thee with affliction1 there is none to remove it but ,he4 ,and if ,he desire thy good1 there is none to hinder ,his bounty--,he will confer it on whom ,he pleaseth of his servants3 and ,he is the ,forgiving1 the ,merciful6 ,say3 ,o ye people6 now hath truth come unto you from your ,lord2 then he who is guided1 is guided only for his own behoof3 but he who erreth doth err only against himself2 and ,i am no governor over you6 ,and follow what is revealed to thee3 and be patient till ,god judgeth2 and ,he is the best of judges4 7x47 ,,the ,,thunder4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,a4 ,l4 ,m4 ,r4 ,these are the ,signs of the ,book6 and that which was sent down to thee from thy ,lord is the truth3 but most men do not believe4 ,it is ,god who raised the heavens without pillars that ye can see2 then ascended the ,throne1 and subdued the sun and the moon3 each runneth to its appointed goal1 to rule every thing1 to manifest signs4 ,haply ye will be convinced of meeting your ,lord6 ,and it is ,he who spread out the earth1 and put thereon firm mountains1 and rivers2 and of every fruit ,he hath made therein two kinds3 ,he maketh the night to cover the day2 verily in that are signs for reflecting folk4 ,and on the earth are neighbouring tracts1 and gardens of grapes1 and corn1 and palms clustered and not clustered at the root2 they are watered by the same water1 yet we make some better than others for food3 verily in that are signs for folk that have wits4 ,if ever thou dost wonder1 wonderful is their saying1 8,what6 when we have become dust1 shall we indeed become a new creation80 ,these are they who disbelieve in their ,lord3 and these shall have the shackles on their necks1 and these shall be the inmates of the fire to abide therein for ever4 ,they will bid thee hasten evil rather than good3 examples have passed away before them2 and verily thy ,lord is full of forgiveness unto men despite their iniquity2 and verily thy ,lord is heavy in punishing4 ,and they who disbelieve say1 8,unless a sign be sent down to him from his ,lord 4440 ,thou art but a warner1 and to every people its guide4 ,god knoweth what every woman beareth1 and the decrease of the wombs and the increase2 for the pattern of all things is with ,him1 ,who knoweth the hidden and the seen1 the ,great1 the ,most ,high4 ,equal is he of you who concealeth his words and he that proclaimeth them3 he who hideth by night1 and he who goeth abroad by day4 ,each hath angels before him and behind him1 who watch over him by ,god's command4 ,verily ,god doth not change towards a people1 till they change themselves2 and when ,god willeth evil unto a people1 there is no averting it1 nor have they any protector beside ,him4 ,it is ,he who showeth you the lightning for fear and hope of rain1 and gathereth the lowering clouds1 ,and the ,,thunder magnifieth ,his praise1 and the angels1 for awe of ,him1 and ,he sendeth ,his thunderbolts and smiteth therewith whom ,he pleaseth3--and they are wrangling about ,god6 but strong is ,his might6 ,unto ,him is the true cry3 but those whom they cry to beside ,him shall answer them naught save as one who stretcheth forth his hands to the water that it may reach his mouth1 but it doth not reach it6 ,the cry of the unbelievers is but in error4 ,and unto ,god bow down all things in the heavens and the earth1 willingly or unwillingly1 and their shadows at morn and eve6 ,say3 ,who is ,lord of the heavens and the earth8 ,say3 ,god4 ,say3 ,why then have ye taken beside ,him ,patrons who are powerless for weal or woe to themselves8 ,say3 ,what6 are the blind and the seeing alike8 or are darkness and light the same8 or have they made ,partners for ,god1 who create as ,he creates1 so that they confuse the creation8 ,say3 ,god is the ,creator of all things1 ,he is the ,one1 the ,conqueror4 ,he sendeth down water from heaven2 and the valleys flow in their degree1 and the torrent beareth along foaming froth1 and from the ore which they burn in the fire1 desiring ornaments or necessaries1 a scum like it ariseth4 ,so doth ,god liken truth and falsehood4 ,as to the scum it passeth off as refuse1 and as to what profiteth man it remaineth on the earth4 ,thus doth ,god frame parables4 ,for those who respond to their ,lord1 good2 but those who respond not to ,him1 had they all that the earth containeth and its like beside it1 they would surely give it in ransom3 these shall have an evil reckoning1 and ,hell shall be their home1--and wretched the bed6 ,is he who knoweth that what hath been sent down to thee from thy ,lord is naught but the truth1 like to him who is blind8 but men of understanding alone will mind1 ,who fulfil their covenant with ,god and break not the compact2 ,and who join what ,god hath bidden to be joined1 and who fear their ,lord and dread the evil reckoning2 ,and who are patient1 seeking the face of their ,lord1 and perform prayer and give alms secretly and openly of what we have provided them1 and turn away evil with good3 for these is the reward of the ,abode1-- ,gardens of eternity1 into which they shall enter together with those who were just of their fathers and their wives and their offspring3 and the angels shall go in unto them at every gate saying3-- 8,peace be upon you6 because ye were patient40 ,and pleasant is the reward of the ,abode6 ,but those who break ,god's covenant after they have pledged it1 and cut asunder what ,god hath bidden to be joined1 and work iniquity in the earth1 for these is a curse and a sore abode6 ,god is lavish with provision to whom ,he pleaseth1 or ,he stinteth it4 ,and they rejoice in the life of this world2 but the life of this world is but a passing joy to the life to come4 ,and they who disbelieve say1 8,unless a sign be sent down to him from his ,lord 4440 ,say3 ,god truly misleadeth whom ,he will2 and ,he guideth to himself those who repent1 ,who believe1 and whose hearts are at peace in the remembrance of ,god6 yea1 in the remembrance of ,god shall the hearts be at peace of those who believe and do the things that are right--good betide them1 and happy be their goal6 ,thus have we sent thee among a nation1 before whom other nations have passed away1 that thou mayest tell them what we have inspired thee with3 yet they disbelieve in the ,merciful6 ,say3 ,he is my ,lord--there is no ,god but ,him4 ,in ,him do ,i put my trust1 and unto ,him is my return4 ,though there were a ,korn by which the mountains were removed or the earth cloven or the dead given speech--,nay6 to ,god belongeth the rule in all3 know not they who believe1 that if ,god pleased1 ,he would certainly have guided men in all8 ,and calamity shall not cease to befal the unbelievers for what they have done1 or settle hard by their dwellings1 until the promise of ,god shall come to pass4 ,verily ,god will not fail in what ,he promised4 ,before thee apostles have been mocked at--and long ,i suffered those who disbelieved2 then ,i took hold of them2 and how great was my punishment6 ,who then is he that is standing over every soul to mark what it hath earned8 ,yet they made ,partners with ,god6 ,say3 ,name them6 could ye inform him of what ,he knoweth not in the earth1 or are they aught beyond words8 ,nay1 their artifice commended itself to those who disbelieve2 and they are turned aside from the road2 and whom ,god misleadeth1 he hath no guide4 ,torment is theirs in the life of this world1 and assuredly the torment of the world to come shall be worse1 and they shall have no one to ward them from ,god4 ,a likeness of the ,paradise which is promised to those that fear ,god3--,the rivers flow beneath it2 its food and its shades are everlasting4 ,that is the end of those who fear ,god3 but the end of the unbelievers is the ,fire4 ,they to whom we have given the ,book rejoice in what hath been sent down to thee1 yet some of the confederates deny a part of it4 ,say3 ,i am commanded only to worship ,god1 and not to associate any with ,him3 on ,him ,i cry1 and unto ,him is my goal4 ,thus have we sent down the ,korn as an ,arabic judgment2 and assuredly1 if thou followed their desires after the knowledge had come to thee1 thou shouldst have no protector nor warder against ,god4 ,and we have sent apostles before thee1 and gave them wives and offspring4 ,but to no apostle was it given to bring a sign save by ,god's permission3 to each age its ,book4 ,god wipeth out or confirmeth what ,he pleaseth1 and with ,him is the ,mother of the ,book4 ,and whether we show thee somewhat of that which we promised them1 or take thee hence before2 verily1 it is thine to announce only1 and ours to take account4 ,see they not that we come into the land and cut down its chiefs8 ,and when ,god judgeth1 there is none to reverse ,his sentence3 and ,he is swift to reckon4 ,and those who were before them plotted3 but ,god's is the master plot3 ,he knoweth what every one soul earneth1 and the infidels shall know for whom is the reward of the abode4 ,and those who disbelieve shall say1 8,thou art not sent from ,god40 ,say3 ,god is witness enough between me and you1 and he that hath knowledge of the ,book4 7xii47 ,,the ,,speeches ,,of ,,medina ,,the ,,period ,,of ,,harangue ,aet4 #ec-fc ,a4,h4 #a-aa ,a4,d4 #fbb-fcb ,,deception4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,all that is in the heavens1 and all that is in the earth1 magnifieth ,god3 ,his is the kingdom1 ,his is the praise1 and ,he is powerful over all things4 ,it is ,he who hath created you2 and one of you is an unbeliever1 and another a believer2 and ,god seeth what ye do4 ,he created the heavens and the earth in truth2 and ,he hath fashioned you and made goodly your forms2 and to ,him is your journeying4 ,he knoweth what is in the heavens and the earth2 and ,he knoweth what ye hide and what ye manifest2 and ,god knoweth well the secrets of the breast4 ,hath not the story come to you of those who disbelieved aforetime1 and tasted the evil fruit of their doings1 and received an aching torment8 ,that was because when their apostles had come to them with manifestations1 they said1 8,shall mortal men guide us80 ,and they believed not and turned their backs4 ,but ,god had no need of them2 and ,god is ,self-sufficient and worthy to be praised6 ,the unbelievers pretend that they shall by no means be raised again4 ,say3 ,nay1 by my ,lord1 but ye shall be raised2 then shall ye certainly be told of what ye have done3 and that is easy with ,god4 ,believe then in ,god and ,his ,apostle1 and in the light which we have sent down2 for ,god knoweth perfectly what ye do4 ,the day when ,he shall gather you together for the ,day of ,assembly1 that is the day of ,,deception4 ,and whoso believeth in ,god and doeth that which is right1 ,god shall take away his sins1 and ,he will bring him into the gardens beneath which rivers flow1 to dwell there evermore3 that is the great prize6 ,but those who believe not1 but deny our signs--those shall be the inmates of the fire1 to dwell therein for ever2 and evil is their journey4 ,there happeneth no misfortune but by ,god's permission2 and whoso believeth in ,god1 ,he guideth his heart2 and ,god knoweth all things4 ,obey ,god1 therefore1 and obey the ,apostle3 but if ye turn away1 our ,apostle is only charged with a plain message3-- ,god1 there is no ,god but ,he6 ,then in ,god let the faithful trust4 ,o ye who believe6 verily in your wives and your children ye have an adversary1 wherefore beware of them4 ,but if ye relent and pardon and forgive1 then verily ,god too is ,forgiving and ,merciful4 ,your wealth and your children are but a snare3 but ,god1 with ,him is the great reward4 ,then fear ,god with all your might1 and hear and obey1 and give alms for your own sakes2 and whoso is saved from his own covetousness1--these it is who prosper4 ,if ye lend ,god a good loan1 ,he will double it to you1 and will forgive you3 for ,god is ,grateful1 ,mild1 ,knowing the secret and the open2 the ,mighty1 the ,wise6 7lxiv47 ,,iron4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,all that is in the heavens and the earth magnifieth ,god1 and ,he is the ,mighty1 the ,wise4 ,his is the kingdom of the heavens and the earth1 ,he giveth life and giveth death1 and ,he is powerful over all things4 ,he is the first and the last1 the seen and the unseen1 and all things doth ,he know4 ,it is ,he who created the heavens and the earth in six days1 then ascended the ,throne2 ,he knoweth what goeth into the earth and what cometh out of it1 and what cometh down from the sky and what riseth up into it2 and ,he is with you1 wherever ye be2 and ,god seeth what ye do4 ,his is the kingdom of the heavens and the earth1 and to ,god shall all things return4 ,he maketh the night to follow the day1 and ,he maketh the day to follow the night1 and ,he knoweth the secrets of the breast4 ,believe in ,god and ,his apostle1 and give alms of what ,he hath made you to inherit2 for to those of you who believe and give alms shall be a great reward4 ,what aileth you that ye do not believe in ,god and ,his ,apostle who calleth you to believe in your ,lord8 ,he hath already accepted your covenant if ye believe4 ,it is ,he who hath sent down to ,his servant manifest signs to lead you from darkness into light3 for ,god is indeed kind and merciful towards you4 ,and what aileth you that ye give not alms in the path of ,god1 when ,god's is the heritage of the heavens and the earth8 ,those of you who give before the victory1 and fight1 shall not be deemed equal1--they are of nobler degree than those who give afterwards and fight4 ,yet to all hath ,god promised the beauteous reward2 and ,god knoweth what ye do4 ,who is he who will lend ,god a good loan8--,he will double it for him1 and his shall be a noble recompense4 ,the day ye shall see the faithful1 men and women1 their light running in front and on their right hand--8,glad tidings for you this day6--gardens whereunder rivers flow1 to abide therein for ever30 that is the great prize6 ,the day when the hypocrites1 men and women1 will say to those who believe1 8,stay for us1 that we may kindle our light from yours40 ,it shall be said1 8,go back and find a light40 ,and there shall be set up between them a wall1 with a gate in it2 and inside1 within it1 shall be ,mercy1 and outside1 in front of it1 ,torment6 ,they shall cry out1 8,were we not with you80 ,the others shall say1 8,yea6 but ye fell into temptation1 and waited1 and doubted1 and your desires deceived you1 till the behest of ,god came1--and the arch-tempter beguiled you from ,god40 ,and on that day no ransom shall be accepted from you1 nor from those who disbelieved--your goal is the ,fire1 which is your master2 and evil is the journey thereto4 ,hath not the ,hour come to those who believe1 to humble their hearts to the warning of ,god and the truth which ,he hath sent down8 and that they may not be like those who received the ,scripture aforetime1 whose lives were prolonged1 but their hearts were hardened1 and many of them were disobedient4 ,know that ,god quickeneth the earth after its death3 now have we made clear to you the signs1--haply ye have wits6 ,verily the charitable1 both men and women1 and they who lend ,god a good loan1 it shall be doubled to them1 and theirs shall be a noble recompense4 ,and they who believe in ,god and ,his ,apostle1 these are the truth-tellers and the witnesses before their ,lord3 they have their reward and their light4 ,and they who disbelieve and deny our signs--these are the inmates of ,hell6 ,know that the life of this world is but a game and pastime and show and boast among you2 and multiplying riches and children is like rain1 whose vegetation delighteth the infidels--then they wither away1 and thou seest them all yellow1 and they become chaff4 ,and in the life to come is grievous torment1 ,or else forgiveness from ,god and ,his approval3 but the life of this world is naught but a delusive joy4 ,strive together for forgiveness from your ,lord and ,paradise1 whose width is as the width of heaven and earth1 prepared for those who believe in ,god and in ,his ,apostle4 ,that is the grace of ,god6 who giveth it to whom ,he pleaseth2 and ,god is the fount of boundless grace4 ,there happeneth no misfortune on the earth or to yourselves1 but it is written in the ,book before we created it3 verily that is easy to ,god6-- ,that ye may not grieve over what is beyond you1 nor exult over what cometh to you2 for ,god loveth not any presumptuous boasters1 ,who are covetous and commend covetousness to men4 ,but whoso turneth away1--verily ,god is ,rich and worthy to be praised4 ,we sent ,our ,apostles with manifestations1 and ,we sent down by them the ,book and the ,balance1 that men might stand upright in equity1 and ,we sent down ,,iron1 wherein is great strength and uses for men1--and that ,god might know who would help ,him and ,his ,apostles in secret3 verily ,god is strong and mighty4 ,and we sent ,noah and ,abraham1 and we gave their seed prophecy in the ,scripture3 and some of them are guided1 but many are disobedient4 ,then we sent our apostles in their footsteps1 and we sent ,jesus the ,son of ,mary1 and gave him the ,gospel1 and put in the hearts of those that follow him kindness and pitifulness2 but monkery1 they invented it themselves6 ,we prescribed it not to them--save only to seek the approval of ,god1 but they did not observe this with due observance4 ,yet we gave their reward to those of them that believed1 but many of them were transgressors4 ,o ye who believe1 fear ,god and believe in ,his ,apostle2 ,he will give you a double portion of ,his mercy1 and will set you a light to walk by1 and will forgive you3 for ,god is forgiving and merciful3-- ,that the ,people of the ,scripture may know that they have not power over aught of ,god's grace2 and that grace is in the hands of ,god alone1 who giveth to whom ,he pleaseth3 and ,god is the fount of boundless grace4 7lvii47 ,,the ,,victory4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,verily we have won for thee a clear ,,victory-- ,that ,god may forgive thee thy former and latter sins1 and fulfil ,his grace to thee1 and guide thee on the straight way1 ,and that ,god may help thee mightily4 ,he it is who sent down peace into the hearts of the faithful1 to strengthen their faith with faith1 7for ,god's are the armies of the heavens and the earth1 and ,god is ,all-knowing and ,wise37 ,to bring the faithful1 men and women1 into gardens beneath which rivers flow1 to dwell therein for ever1 and to take away their offences2 and that is the great prize with ,god3 ,and to torment the hypocrites and the idolaters1 men and women1 who think of ,god an evil thought2 there shall come upon them a turn of evil1 and ,god is wroth with them and hath cursed them1 and hath prepared ,hell for them1 and evil shall be their journey4 ,god's are the armies of the heavens and the earth1 and ,god is ,mighty and ,wise6 ,verily we have sent thee as a witness and a herald of gladness and a warner1 ,that ye may believe in ,god and in ,his ,apostle2 and may revere ,him1 and honour ,him1 and magnify ,him morning and evening4 ,in truth1 they who swear fealty to thee1 do but swear fealty to ,god3 the hand of ,god is upon their hands6 ,whosoever therefore breaketh it1 breaketh it only to his own hurt2 but whosoever is true to what he hath covenanted with ,god1 ,he will give him a great reward4 ,the ,arabs of the desert who were left behind will say to thee1 8,our property and our families employed us2 so ask pardon for us40 ,they speak with their tongues what is not in their hearts4 ,say3 ,but who can obtain aught for you from ,god1 if ,he design for you harm1 or design for you benefit8 ,nay1 ,god is acquainted with what ye do6 ,nay1 ye thought that the ,apostles and the faithful would not come back to their families any more1 and that seemed good in your hearts1 and ye thought an evil thought1 and ye are a lost people4 ,and whosoever believeth not in ,god and ,his ,apostle 444 verily we have made ready a flame for the unbelievers6 ,and ,god's is the kingdom of the heavens and of the earth2 ,he forgiveth whom ,he will1 and ,he tormenteth whom ,he will3 and ,god is ,forgiving1 ,merciful6 ,they who were left behind will say when ye go forth to the spoil to take it1 8,let us follow you40 ,they would fain change the ,word of ,god4 ,say3 ,ye shall by no means follow us2 thus hath ,god said already4 ,then they will say1 8,nay1 ye are jealous of us40 ,nay1 they are men of but little understanding4 ,say to those who were left behind of the ,arabs of the desert1 ,ye shall be called out against a people of mighty valour2 ye shall fight with them1 or they shall profess ,islam4 ,if1 therefore1 ye obey1 ,god will bring you a goodly reward2 but if ye turn your backs as ye turned your backs before1 ,he will torment you with aching torment4 ,for the blind it is no crime1 and for the lame no crime1 and for the sick no crime to turn the back4 ,and whoso obeyeth ,god and ,his ,apostle ,he shall bring him into gardens whereunder rivers flow3 but whoso turneth his back1 ,he will torment him with aching torment4 ,well-pleased was ,god with the believers1 when they sware fealty to thee under the tree2 and ,he knew what was in their hearts3 therefore did ,he send down tranquillity upon them1 and rewarded them with a victory near at hand1 ,and many spoils to take1 for ,god is ,mighty and ,wise6 ,god promised you many spoils to take1 and sped this for you2 7and ,he held back men's hands from you1 that it might be a sign to the faithful1 and that ,he might guide you on the straight way27 ,and other spoils which ye could not take3 but now hath ,god compassed it1 for ,god is powerful over all4 ,if the unbelievers had fought against you1 they would assuredly have turned their backs2 then would they have met with no protector or helper4 ,this is ,god's way which prevailed before3 and no changing wilt thou find in ,god's way4 ,and ,he it was who held back their hands from you1 and your hands from them1 in the valley of ,mekka1 after that ,he had given you the victory over them2 for ,god ever seeth what ye do4 ,these are they who believed not1 and kept you away from the ,sacred ,mosque1 as well as the offering1 which was prevented from reaching its destination4 ,and but for the faithful men and women1 whom ye did not know and might have trampled1 so that guilt might have lighted on you on their account without your knowledge1 that ,god might bring whom ,he pleased into ,his mercy2 had they been separate1 we had surely punished the unbelievers among them with a grievous torment4 ,when the unbelievers had put disdain in their hearts1--the disdain of ignorance1--,god sent down ,his tranquillity on ,his ,apostle and the faithful1 and fixed firmly in them the word of piety1 for they were most worthy and fit for it1 and ,god well knoweth all things4 ,now hath ,god spoken truth to ,his ,apostle in the night vision3 8,ye shall surely enter the ,sacred ,mosque1 if ,god please1 safe1 with shaven heads1 or hair cut2 ye shall not fear1 for ,he knoweth what ye do not know2 and ,he hath ordained you1 besides that1 a victory near at hand40 ,it is ,he who hath sent his ,apostle with the guidance and the religion of truth1 to make it triumph over every religion2 and ,god is witness enough6 ,mohammad is the ,apostle of ,god1 and those of his party are vehement against the infidels1 but compassionate to one another4 ,thou mayest see them bowing down1 worshipping1 seeking grace from ,god1 and ,his approval2 their tokens are on their faces--the traces of their prostrations4 ,this is their likeness in the ,torah1 and their likeness in the ,gospel1 like a seed which putteth forth its stalk1 and strengtheneth it1 and it groweth stout1 and standeth up upon its stem1 rejoicing the sowers--to anger unbelievers thereby4 ,to those among them who believe1 and do the things that are right1 ,god hath promised forgiveness and a mighty reward4 7xlviii47 ,,help4 ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,when the ,,help of ,god and victory come1 ,and thou seest the people entering the religion of ,god in troops2 ,then magnify the praises of thy ,lord1 and seek forgiveness of ,him2 verily ,he is ever relenting4 7cx47 ,,the ,,law ,,given ,,at ,,medina ,,religious ,,law4 ,it is not righteousness that ye turn your face towards the east or the west1 but righteousness is in him who believeth in ,god and the ,last ,day1 and the ,angels1 and the ,scripture1 and the ,prophets1 and who giveth wealth for the love of ,god to his kinsfolk and to orphans and the needy and the son of the road and them that ask and for the freeing of slaves1 and who is instant in prayer1 and giveth the alms2 and those who fulfil their covenant when they covenant1 and the patient in adversity and affliction and in time of violence1 these are they who are true1 and these are they who fear ,god4--ii4 #agb4 ,say3 ,we believe in ,god1 and what hath been sent down to thee1 and what was sent down to ,abraham1 and ,ishmael1 and ,isaac1 and ,jacob1 and the tribes1 and what was given to ,moses1 and to ,jesus1 and the prophets from their ,lord1--we make no distinction between any of them1--and to ,him are we resigned3 and whoso desireth other than ,resignation ,islm for a religion1 it shall certainly not be accepted from him1 and in the life to come he shall be among the losers4--iii4 #gh1 #gi4 ,observe the prayers1 and the middle prayer1 and stand instant before ,god4 ,and if ye fear1 then afoot or mounted2 but when ye are safe remember ,god1 how he taught you what ye did not know4--ii4 #bci1 #bdj4 ,when the call to prayer soundeth on the ,day of ,congregation 7,friday71 then hasten to remember ,god1 and abandon business2 that is better for you if ye only knew3 and when prayer is done1 disperse in the land and seek of the bounty of ,god4--lxii4 #i1 #aj4 ,turn thy face towards the ,sacred ,mosque2 wherever ye be1 turn your faces thitherwards4--ii4 #aci4 ,give alms on the path of ,god1 and let not your hands cast you into destruction2 but do good1 for ,god loveth those who do good2 and accomplish the pilgrimage and the visit to ,god3 but if ye be besieged1 then send what is easiest as an offering4--ii4 #aia4 ,they will ask thee what it is they must give in alms4 ,say3 ,let what good ye give be for parents1 and kinsfolk1 and the orphan1 and the needy1 and the son of the road2 and what good ye do1 verily ,god knoweth it4--ii4 #baa4 ,they will ask thee what they shall expend in alms2 say1 ,the surplus4--ii4 #baf4 ,if ye give alms openly1 it is well2 but if ye conceal it1 and give it to the poor1 it is better for you1 and will take away from you some of your sins3 and ,god knoweth what ye do4--ii4 #bgc4 ,o ye who believe1 make not your alms of no effect by taunts and vexation1 like him who spendeth what he hath to be seen of men1 and believeth not in ,god and the ,last ,day3 for his likeness is as the likeness of a stone with earth upon it1 and a heavy rain falleth upon it and leaveth it bare2 they accomplish nothing with what they earn1 for ,god guideth not the people that disbelieve4 ,and the likeness of those who expend their wealth for the sake of pleasing ,god and for the certainty of their souls is as the likeness of a garden on a hill3 a heavy rain falleth on it and it bringeth forth its fruit twofold2 and if no heavy rain falleth on it1 then the dew falleth2 and ,god seeth what ye do4--ii4 #bff1 #bfg4 ,kind speech and forgiveness is better than alms which vexation followeth2 and ,god is rich and ruthful4--ii4 #bfe4 ,o ye who believe1 there is prescribed for you the fast as it was prescribed for those before you2 maybe ye will fear ,god for a certain number of days1 but he amongst you who is sick or on a journey may fast a like number of other days4 ,and for those who are able to fast and do not1 the expiation is feeding a poor man2 but he who voluntarily doeth a good act1 it is better for him2 and to fast is better for you1 if ye only knew4 ,the month of ,ramadn1 wherein the ,korn was sent down for guidance to men1 and for proofs of the guidance1 and the distinguishing of good and evil2 whoso amongst you seeth this month1 let him fast it2 but he who is sick or on a journey1 a like number of other days3--,god wisheth for you what is easy1 and wisheth not for you what is difficult--that ye may fulfil the number1 and magnify ,god1 in that ,he hath guided you2--and maybe ye will be thankful4--ii4 #agi-aha4 ,proclaim among the people a ,pilgrimage3 let them come to thee on foot and on every fleet camel1 coming by every deep pass1 to be present at its benefits to them1 and to make mention of ,god's name at the appointed days over the beasts with which ,he hath provided them3 then eat thereof1 and feed the poor and needy2 then let them end the neglect of their persons1 and pay their vows1 and make the circuit of the ancient ,house4--xxii4 #bh-cj4 ,he only shall visit the ,mosques of ,god who believeth in ,god and the ,last ,day1 and is instant in prayer1 and payeth the alms1 and feareth ,god only4--ix4 #ah4 ,do ye place the giving drink to the pilgrims1 and the visiting of the ,sacred ,mosque1 on the same level with him who believeth in ,god and the ,last ,day1 and fighteth on the path of ,god8 ,they are not equal in the sight of ,god4--ix4 #ai4 ,fight in the path of ,god with those who fight with you2--but exceed not2 verily ,god loveth not those who exceed4--,and kill them wheresoever ye find them1 and thrust them out from whence they thrust you out2 for dissent is worse than slaughter2 but fight them not at the ,sacred ,mosque1 unless they fight you there3 but if they fight you1 then kill them3 such is the reward of the infidels6 ,but if they desist1 then verily ,god is forgiving and merciful4--,but fight them till there be no dissent1 and the worship be only to ,god2--but1 if they desist1 then let there be no hostility save against the transgressors4--ii4 #ahf-ahi4 ,they will ask thee of the sacred month1 and fighting therein2 say1 ,fighting therein is a great sin2 but turning people away from ,god's path1 and disbelief in ,him and in the ,sacred ,mosque1 and turning ,his people out therefrom1 is a greater in ,god's sight1 and dissent is a greater sin than slaughter4--ii4 #bad4 ,forbidden to you is that which dieth of itself1 and blood1 and the flesh of swine1 and that which is dedicated to other than ,god1 and what is strangled1 and what is killed by a blow1 or by falling1 and what is gored1 and what wild beasts have preyed on--except what ye kill in time--and what is sacrificed to idols2 and to divide by the divination of arrows1 that is transgression in you4--v4 #d4 ,make not ,god the butt of your oaths1 that ye will be pious and fear ,god1 and make peace among men1 for ,god heareth and knoweth4--ii4 #bbd4 ,o ye who believe1 verily wine and gambling and statues and divining arrows are only an abomination of the devil's making3 avoid them then2 haply ye may prosper4--v4 #ib4 ,,civil ,,and ,,criminal ,,law4 ,it is not for a believer to kill a believer1 but by mistake2 and whoso killeth a believer by mistake must free a believing slave2 and the blood-wit must be paid to his family1 unless they remit it in alms2 but if he be of a people hostile to you1 and yet a believer1 then let him only free a believing slave1 and if it be a tribe between whom and you there is an alliance1 then let the blood-wit be paid to his family1 and let him free a believing slave2 but if he cannot find the means1 then let him fast for two consecutive months--a penance from ,god3 for ,god is all-knowing and wise4 ,and whoso killeth a believer on purpose1 his reward is ,hell1 to abide therein for ever1 and ,god will be wroth with him1 and curse him1 and prepare for him a mighty torment4--iv4 #id1 #ie4 ,o ye who believe6 ,retaliation is prescribed for you for the slain3 the free for the free1 the slave for the slave1 the woman for the woman1 yet for him who is remitted aught by his brother1 shall be prosecution in reason1 and payment in generosity4--ii4 #agc4 ,he who slayeth a soul1 unless it be for another soul1 or for wickedness in the land1 is as though he had slain all mankind2 and he who saveth a soul alive is as though he had saved the lives of all mankind4--v4 #ce4 ,the reward of those who war against ,god and ,his apostle1 and work evil in the earth1 is but that they shall be killed or crucified1 or that their hands and feet shall be cut off alternately1 or that they shall be banished from the land--that is their disgrace in this world1 and in the next they shall have a mighty torment4--v4 #cg4 ,the man thief and the woman thief1 cut off the hands of both in requital for what they have done2 an example from ,god1 for ,god is mighty and wise4--v4 #db4 ,they who devour usury shall not rise again1 save as he riseth whom the ,devil hath smitten with his touch2 that is because they say1 8,selling is only like usury30 but ,god hath allowed selling1 and forbidden usury4--ii4 #bgf4 ,if ye fear that ye cannot do justice between orphans1 then marry such women as are lawful to you1 by twos or threes or fours2 and if ye fear ye cannot be equitable1 then only one1 or what slaves your right hands possess3 that is the chief thing--that ye be not unfair4--iv4 #c4 ,marry those of you who are single1 and the good among your servants1 and your handmaidens4 ,if they be poor1 ,god of his bounty will enrich them1 and ,god is liberal1 wise4 ,and let those who cannot find a match1 live in chastity1 till ,god of ,his bounty shall enrich them4--xxiv4 #cb4 ,wed not idolatrous women until they believe1 for surely a believing handmaiden is better than an idolatress1 although she captivate you4 ,and wed not idolaters until they believe1 for a believing slave is better than an idolater1 although he charm you4--ii4 #bbj4 ,divorce may be twice3 then take them in reason or let them go with kindness4 ,it is not lawful for you to take from them aught of what ye have given them1 unless both fear that they cannot keep ,god's bounds4 ,but if he divorce her a third time1 she is not lawful to him afterwards1 until she marry another husband2 but if he also divorce her1 it is no crime in them both to come together again4--ii4 #bbi1 #bcj4 ,and for the divorced there should be a maintenance in reason1 a duty this on those who fear ,god4--ii4 #bdb4 ,against those of your women who commit adultery1 summon witnesses four in number from among you2 and if these bear witness to the crime1 then keep the women in houses till death release them1 or ,god make a way for them4--iv4 #ai4 ,they who slander chaste women1 and bring not four witnesses1 scourge them with fourscore stripes1 and receive not their testimony for ever1 for these are the transgressors3--save those who afterwards repent and do what is right--for ,god is forgiving1 merciful4--xxiv4 #d4 ,it is prescribed for you that1 when one of you is at the point of death1 if he leave property1 the legacy is to his parents and to his kindred in reason--a duty upon those that fear ,god4--ii4 #agf4 ,god ordereth you concerning your children3 for a male1 the equal of the portion of two females1 and if there be more than two women1 let them have two-thirds of what the deceased hath left2 and if there be only one1 then let her have the half2 and for the parents1 for each of them a sixth of what he hath left1 if he hath issue2 but if he hath no issue1 and his parents inherit1 then let his mother have a third2 and if he hath brethren1 let his mother have a sixth1 after payment of any bequest he may have bequeathed1 or debts4 ,your parents and your children1 ye know not which is the more helpful to you4 ,an ordinance from ,god3 verily ,god is all-knowing and wise6 ,and yours is half of what your wives leave1 if they have no issue2 but if they have issue1 then ye shall have a fourth of what they leave1 after payment of any bequests they may bequeath1 or their debts2 and they shall have a fourth of what ye leave1 if ye have no issue2 but if ye have issue1 then let them have an eighth of what ye leave1 after paying of any bequest ye may bequeath1 or debts4 ,and if the man's or the woman's heir be a collateral kinsman1 and he 7or she7 have a brother or a sister1 then let each of these two have a sixth2 but if they are more than that1 let them share a third1 after payment of any bequests he may bequeath1 or debts1 without prejudice2 an ordinance from ,god1 and ,god is wise and clement6 ,these are ,god's statutes1 and whoso obeyeth ,god and the ,apostle1 ,he will bring him into gardens1 whereunder rivers flow1 to abide therein for aye1--that is the great prize6 ,but whoso rebelleth against ,god and his ,apostle1 and transgresseth ,his statutes1 ,he will bring him into fire1 to dwell therein for aye2 and his shall be a shameful torment4--iv4 #ab-ah4 ,those of you who die and leave wives1 should leave their wives maintenance for a year1 without driving them out from their homes3 but if they go out1 there is no crime in you for what they do for themselves in reason2 and ,god is mighty and wise4--ii4 #bda4 ,if a man perish and leave no issue1 but leave a sister1 then hers is half of what he leaves1 and he shall be her heir1 if she have no issue2 but if there be two sisters1 let them have two-thirds of what he leaves1 and if there be brethren1 both men and women1 let the male have the equal of the portion of two females4 ,god maketh this plain to you1 lest ye err2 and ,god knoweth all things4--iv4 #agf4 ,o ye who believe6 stand fast by justice1 bearing witness before ,god1 though it be against yourselves1 or your parents1 or your kindred1 whether it be rich or poor2 for ,god is worthier than they4--iv4 #acd4 ,to those of your slaves who desire a deed for buying their freedom1 write it for them1 if ye know good in them1 and give them a portion of the wealth of ,god which ,he hath given you4--xxiv4 #cc4 ,if any of the idolaters seek refuge with thee1 grant him refuge1 that he may hear the word of ,god2 then let him reach his place in safety4--ix4 #f4 ,god wisheth to make it light for you1 for man was created weak4--iv4 #cb4 ,if ye shun great sins which ye are forbidden1 we will cover your offences1 and make you enter ,paradise with a noble entrance4--iv4 #ce4 ,,the ,,table-,,talk ,,of ,,mohammad4 ,when ,god created the creation ,he wrote a book1 which is near him upon the sovran ,throne2 and what is written in it is this3 ,verily my compassion overcometh my wrath4 99 99 99 99 99 ,say not1 if people do good to us1 we will do good to them1 and if people oppress us1 we will oppress them3 but resolve that if people do good to you1 you will do good to them1 and if they oppress you1 oppress them not again4 99 99 99 99 99 ,god saith3 ,whoso doth one good act1 for him are ten rewards1 and ,i also give more to whomsoever ,i will2 and whoso doth ill1 its retaliation is equal to it1 or else ,i forgive him2 and he who seeketh to approach me one cubit1 ,i will seek to approach him two fathoms2 and he who walketh towards me1 ,i will run towards him2 and he who cometh before me with the earth full of sins1 but joineth no ,partner to me1 ,i will come before him with an equal front of forgiveness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there are seven people whom ,god will draw under ,his own shadow1 on that ,day when there will be no other shadow3 one a just king2 another1 who hath employed himself in devotion from his youth2 the third1 who fixeth his heart on the ,mosque till he return to it2 the fourth1 two men whose friendship is to please ,god1 whether together or separate2 the fifth1 a man who remembereth ,god when he is alone1 and weepeth2 the sixth1 a man who is tempted by a rich and beautiful woman1 and saith1 ,verily ,i fear ,god6 the seventh1 a man who hath given alms and concealed it1 so that his left hand knoweth not what his right hand doeth4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the most excellent of all actions is to befriend any one on ,god's account1 and to be at enmity with whosoever is the enemy of ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ,verily ye are in an age in which if ye abandon one-tenth of what is ordered1 ye will be ruined4 ,after this a time will come when he who shall observe one-tenth of what is now ordered will be redeemed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,concerning ,prayer4 ,angels come amongst you both night and day2 then those of the night ascend to heaven1 and ,god asketh them how they left ,his creatures3 they say1 ,we left them at prayer1 and we found them at prayer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the rewards for the prayers which are performed by people assembled together are double of those which are said at home4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ye must not say your prayers at the rising or the setting of the sun3 so when a limb of the sun appeareth1 leave your prayers until her whole orb is up3 and when the sun beginneth to set1 quit your prayers until the whole orb hath disappeared2 for1 verily she riseth between the two horns of the ,devil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no neglect of duty is imputable during sleep2 for neglect can only take place when one is awake3 therefore1 when any of you forget your prayers1 say them when ye recollect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when any one of you goeth to sleep1 the ,devil tieth three knots upon his neck2 and saith over every knot1 8,the night is long1 sleep40 ,therefore1 if a servant awake and remember ,god1 it openeth one knot1 and if he perform the ablution1 it openeth another2 and if he say prayers it openeth the other2 and he riseth in the morning in gladness and purity3--otherwise he riseth in a lethargic state4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when a ,muslim performeth the ablution1 it washeth from his face those faults which he may have cast his eyes upon2 and when he washeth his hands1 it removeth the faults they may have committed1 and when he washeth his feet1 it dispelleth the faults towards which they may have carried him3 so that he will rise up in purity from the place of ablution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,charity4 ,when ,god created the earth1 it began to shake and tremble2 then ,god created mountains1 and put them upon the earth1 and the land became firm and fixed2 and the angels were astonished at the hardness of the hills1 and said1 8,o ,god1 is there anything of thy creation harder than hills80 and ,god said1 8,yes1 water is harder than the hills1 because it breaketh them40 ,then the angel said1 8,o ,lord1 is there anything of thy creation harder than water80 ,he said1 8,yes1 wind overcometh water3 it doth agitate it and put it in motion40 ,they said1 8,o our ,lord6 is there anything of thy creation harder than wind80 ,he said1 8,yes1 the children of ,adam giving alms3 those who give with their right hand1 and conceal from their left1 overcome all40 99 99 99 99 99 ,the liberal man is near the pleasure of ,god and is near ,paradise1 which he shall enter into1 and is near the hearts of men as a friend1 and he is distant from hell2 but the niggard is far from ,god's pleasure and from paradise1 and far from the hearts of men1 and near the ,fire2 and verily a liberal ignorant man is more beloved by ,god than a niggardly worshipper4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a man's giving in alms one piece of silver in his lifetime is better for him than giving one hundred when about to die4 99 99 99 99 99 ,think not that any good act is contemptible1 though it be but your brother's coming to you with an open countenance and good humour4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is alms for a man's every joint1 every day in which the sun riseth2 doing justice between two people is alms2 and assisting a man upon his beast1 and his baggage1 is alms2 and pure words1 for which are rewards2 and answering a questioner with mildness is alms1 and every step which is made toward prayer is alms1 and removing that which is an inconvenience to man1 such as stones and thorns1 is alms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the people of the ,prophet's house killed a goat1 and the ,prophet said1 8,what remaineth of it80 ,they said1 8,nothing but the shoulder2 for they have sent the whole to the poor and neighbours1 except a shoulder which remaineth40 ,the ,prophet said1 8,nay1 it is the whole goat that remaineth except its shoulder3 that remaineth which they have given away1 the rewards of which will be eternal1 and what remaineth in the house is fleeting40 99 99 99 99 99 ,feed the hungry1 visit the sick1 and free the captive if he be unjustly bound4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,fasting4 ,a keeper of fasts1 who doth not abandon lying and slandering1 ,god careth not about his leaving off eating and drinking4 99 99 99 99 99 ,keep fast and eat also1 stay awake at night and sleep also1 because verily there is a duty on you to your body1 not to labour overmuch1 so that ye may not get ill and destroy yourselves2 and verily there is a duty on you to your eyes1 ye must sometimes sleep and give them rest2 and verily there is a duty on you to your wife1 and to your visitors and guests that come to see you2 ye must talk to them2 and nobody hath kept fast who fasted always2 the fast of three days in every month is equal to constant fasting3 then keep three days' fast in every month4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,reading the ,korn4 ,the state of a ,muslim who readeth the ,korn is like the orange fruit1 whose smell and taste are pleasant2 and that of a ,muslim who doth not read the ,korn1 is like a date which hath no smell1 but a sweet taste2 and the condition of any hypocrite who doth not read the ,korn is like the colocynth which hath no smell1 but a bitter taste2 and the hypocrite who readeth the ,korn is like the sweet bazil1 whose smell is sweet1 but taste bitter4 99 99 99 99 99 ,read the ,korn constantly2 ,i sware by ,him in the hands of whose might is my life1 verily the ,korn runneth away faster than a camel which is not tied by the leg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,labour and ,profit4 ,verily the best things which ye eat are those which ye earn yourselves or which your children earn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,verily it is better for one of you to take a rope and bring a bundle of wood upon his back and sell it1 in which case ,god guardeth his honour1 than to beg of people1 whether they give him or not2 if they do not give him1 his reputation suffereth and he returneth disappointed2 and if they give him1 it is worse than that1 for it layeth him under obligations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a man came to the ,prophet1 begging of him something1 and the ,prophet said1 8,have you nothing at home80 ,he said1 8,yes1 there is a large carpet1 with one part of which ,i cover myself1 and spread the other1 and there is a wooden cup in which ,i drink water40 ,then the ,prophet said1 8,bring me the carpet and the cup40 ,and the man brought them1 and the ,prophet took them in his hand and said1 8,who will buy them80 ,a man said1 8,i will take them at one silver piece40 ,he said1 8,who will give more80 ,this he repeated twice or thrice4 ,another man said1 8,i will take them for two pieces of silver40 ,then the ,prophet gave the carpet and cup to that man1 and took the two pieces of silver1 and gave them to the helper1 and said1 8,buy food with one of these pieces1 and give it to your family1 that they may make it their sustenance for a few days2 and buy a hatchet with the other piece and bring it to me40 ,and the man brought it2 and the ,prophet put a handle to it with his own hands1 and then said1 8,go1 cut wood1 and sell it1 and let me not see you for fifteen days40 ,then the man went cutting wood1 and selling it2 and he came to the ,prophet1 when verily he had got ten pieces of silver1 and he bought a garment with part of it1 and food with part4 ,then the ,prophet said1 8,this cutting and selling of wood1 and making your livelihood by it1 is better for you than coming on the day of resurrection with black marks on your face40 99 99 99 99 99 ,acts of begging are scratches and wounds by which a man woundeth his own face2 then he who wisheth to guard his face from scratches and wounds must not beg1 unless that a man asketh from his prince1 or in an affair in which there is no remedy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,prophet hath cursed ten persons on account of wine3 one1 the first extractor of the juice of the grape for others2 the second for himself2 the third the drinker of it2 the fourth the bearer of it2 the fifth the person to whom it is brought2 the sixth the waiter2 the seventh the seller of it2 the eighth the eater of its price2 the ninth the buyer of it2 the tenth that person who hath purchased it for another4 99 99 99 99 99 ,merchants shall be raised up liars on the ,day of ,resurrection1 except he who abstaineth from that which is unlawful1 and doth not swear falsely1 but speaketh true in the price of his goods4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the taker of interest and the giver of it1 and the writer of its papers and the witness to it1 are equal in crime4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the holder of a monopoly is a sinner and offender4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the bringers of grain to the city to sell at a cheap rate gain immense advantage by it1 and he who keepeth back grain in order to sell at a high rate is cursed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,he who desireth that ,god should redeem him from the sorrows and difficulties of the ,day of ,resurrection1 must delay in calling on poor debtors1 or forgive the debt in part or whole4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a martyr shall be pardoned every fault but debt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,whosoever has a thing with which to discharge a debt1 and refuseth to do it1 it is right to dishonour and punish him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a bier was brought to the ,prophet1 to say prayers over it4 ,he said1 8,hath he left any debts80 ,they said1 8,yes40 ,he said1 8,hath he left anything to discharge them80 ,they said1 8,no40 ,the ,prophet said1 8,say ye prayers over him1 ,i shall not40 99 99 99 99 99 ,give the labourer his wage before his perspiration be dry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,fighting for the ,faith4 ,we came out with the ,prophet1 with a part of the army1 and a man passed by a cavern in which was water and verdure1 and he said in his heart1 8,i shall stay here1 and retire from the world40 ,then he asked the ,prophet's permission to live in the cavern2 but he said1 8,verily ,i have not been sent on the ,jewish religion1 nor the ,christian1 to quit the delights of society2 but ,i have been sent on the religion inclining to truth1 and that which is easy1 wherein is no difficulty or austerity4 ,i swear by ,god1 in whose hand is my life1 that marching about morning and evening to fight for religion is better than the world and everything that is in it3 and verily the standing of one of you in the line of battle is better than supererogatory prayers performed in your house for sixty years40 99 99 99 99 99 ,when the ,prophet sent an army out to fight1 he would say1 ,march in the name of ,god and by ,his aid and on the religion of the ,messenger of ,god4 ,kill not the old man who cannot fight1 nor young children nor women2 and steal not the spoils of war1 but put your spoils together2 and quarrel not amongst yourselves1 but be good to one another1 for ,god loveth the doer of good4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,judgments4 ,the first judgment that ,god will pass on man at the ,day of ,resurrection will be for murder4 99 99 99 99 99 ,whosoever throweth himself from the top of a mountain and killeth himself is in ,hell ,fire for ever2 and whosoever killeth himself with iron1 his iron shall be in his hand1 and he will stab his belly with it in ,hell ,fire everlastingly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no judge must decide between two persons whilst he is angry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is no judge who hath decided between men1 whether just or unjust1 but will come to ,god's court on the ,day of ,resurrection held by the neck by an angel2 and the angel will raise his head towards the heavens and wait for ,god's orders2 and if ,god ordereth to throw him into hell1 the angel will do it from a height of forty years' journey4 99 99 99 99 99 ,verily there will come on a just judge at the ,day of ,resurrection such fear and horror1 that he will wish1 ,would to ,god that ,i had not decided between two persons in a trial for a single date4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,women and ,slaves4 ,the world and all things in it are valuable1 but the most valuable thing in the world is a virtuous woman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i have not left any calamity more hurtful to man than woman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,muslim cannot obtain 7after righteousness7 anything better than a well-disposed1 beautiful wife3 such a wife as1 when ordered by her husband to do anything1 obeyeth2 and if her husband look at her1 is happy2 and if her husband swear by her to do a thing1 she doth it to make his oath true2 and if he be absent from her1 she wisheth him well in her own person by guarding herself from inchastity1 and taketh care of his property4 99 99 99 99 99 ,verily the best of women are those who are content with little4 99 99 99 99 99 ,admonish your wives with kindness2 for women were created out of a crooked rib of ,adam1 therefore if ye wish to straighten it1 ye will break it2 and if ye let it alone1 it will be always crooked4 99 99 99 99 99 ,every woman who dieth1 and her husband is pleased with her1 shall enter into paradise4 99 99 99 99 99 ,that which is lawful but disliked by ,god is divorce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a woman may be married by four qualifications3 one1 on account of her money2 another1 on account of the nobility of her pedigree2 another1 on account of her beauty2 a fourth1 on account of her faith2 therefore look out for religious women1 but if ye do it from any other consideration1 may your hands be rubbed in dirt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a widow shall not be married until she be consulted2 nor shall a virgin be married until her consent be asked1 whose consent is by her silence4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when the ,prophet was informed that the people of ,persia had made the daughter of ,chosroes their ,queen1 he said1 ,the tribe that constitutes a woman its ruler will not find redemption4 99 99 99 99 99 ,do not prevent your women from coming to the mosque2 but their homes are better for them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,o assembly of women1 give alms1 although it be of your gold and silver ornaments2 for verily ye are mostly of ,hell on the ,day of ,resurrection4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when ye return from a journey and enter your town at night1 go not to your houses1 so that your wives may have time to comb their dishevelled hair4 99 99 99 99 99 ,god has ordained that your brothers should be your slaves3 therefore him whom ,god hath ordained to be the slave of his brother1 his brother must give him of the food which he eateth himself1 and of the clothes wherewith he clotheth himself1 and not order him to do anything beyond his power1 and if he doth order such a work1 he must himself assist him in doing it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,he who beateth his slave without fault1 or slappeth him in the face1 his atonement for this is freeing him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a man who behaveth ill to his slave will not enter into paradise4 99 99 99 99 99 ,forgive thy servant seventy times a day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,dumb ,animals4 ,fear ,god in respect of animals3 ride them when they are fit to be ridden1 and get off when they are tired4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a man came before the ,prophet with a carpet1 and said1 8,o ,prophet6 ,i passed through a wood1 and heard the voices of the young of birds2 and ,i took and put them into my carpet2 and their mother came fluttering round my head1 and ,i uncovered the young1 and the mother fell down upon them1 then ,i wrapped them up in my carpet2 and there are the young which ,i have40 ,then the ,prophet said1 8,put them down40 ,and when he did so1 their mother joined them3 and the ,prophet said1 8,do you wonder at the affection of the mother towards her young8 ,i swear by ,him who hath sent me1 verily ,god is more loving to ,his servants than the mother to these young birds4 ,return them to the place from which ye took them1 and let their mother be with them40 99 99 99 99 99 ,verily there are rewards for our doing good to dumb animals1 and giving them water to drink4 ,an adulteress was forgiven who passed by a dog at a well2 for the dog was holding out his tongue from thirst1 which was near killing him2 and the woman took off her boot1 and tied it to the end of her garment1 and drew water for the dog1 and gave him to drink2 and she was forgiven for that act4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,hospitality4 ,when a man cometh into his house and remembereth ,god and repeateth ,his name at eating his meals1 the ,devil saith to his followers1 8,here is no place for you to stay in to-night1 nor is there any supper for you40 ,and when a man cometh into his house without remembering ,god's name1 the ,devil saith to his followers1 8,you have got a place to spend the night in40 99 99 99 99 99 ,whosoever believeth in ,god and the ,day of ,resurrection must respect his guest1 and the time of being kind to him is one day and one night1 and the period of entertaining him is three days1 and after that1 if he doth it longer1 he benefiteth him more4 ,it is not right for a guest to stay in the house of the host so long as to inconvenience him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i heard this1 that ,god is pure1 and loveth purity2 and ,god is liberal1 and loveth liberality2 ,god is munificent1 and loveth munificence3 then keep the courts of your house clean1 and do not be like ,jews who do not clean the courts of their houses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,government4 ,government is a trust from ,god1 and verily government will be at the ,day of ,resurrection a cause of inquiry1 unless he who hath taken it be worthy of it and have acted justly and done good4 99 99 99 99 99 ,verily a king is ,god's shadow upon the earth2 and every one oppressed turneth to him3 then when the king doeth justice1 for him are rewards and gratitude from his subject3 but1 if the king oppresseth1 on him is his sin1 and for the oppressed resignation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,that is the best of men who disliketh power4 ,beware6 ye are all guardians2 and ye will be asked about your subjects3 then the leader is the guardian of the subject1 and he will be asked respecting the subject2 and a man is a shepherd to his own family1 and will be asked how they behaved1 and his conduct to them2 and a wife is guardian to her husband's house and children1 and will be interrogated about them2 and a slave is a shepherd to his master's property1 and will be asked about it1 whether he took good care of it or not4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is no prince who oppresseth the subject and dieth1 but ,god forbiddeth ,paradise to him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if a negro slave is appointed to rule over you1 hear him1 and obey him1 though his head should be like a dried grape4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is no obedience due to sinful commands1 nor to any other than what is lawful4 99 99 99 99 99 ,o ,prophet of ,god1 if we have princes over us1 wanting our rights1 and withholding our rights from us1 then what do you order us8 ,he said1 8,ye must hear them and obey their orders3 it is on them to be just and good1 and on you to be obedient and submissive40 99 99 99 99 99 ,he is not strong or powerful who throws people down1 but he is strong who withholds himself from anger4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when one of you getteth angry1 he must sit down1 and if his anger goeth away from sitting1 so much the better2 if not1 let him lie down4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,vanities and ,sundry ,matters4 ,the angels are not with the company with which is a dog nor with the company with which is a bell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a bell is the ,devil's musical instrument4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the angels do not enter a house in which is a dog1 nor that in which there are pictures4 99 99 99 99 99 ,every painter is in ,hell ,fire2 and ,god will appoint a person at the ,day of ,resurrection for every picture he shall have drawn1 to punish him1 and they will punish him in ,hell4 ,then if you must make pictures1 make them of trees and things without souls4 99 99 99 99 99 ,whosoever shall tell a dream1 not having dreamt1 shall be put to the trouble at the ,day of ,resurrection of joining two barleycorns2 and he can by no means do it2 and he will be punished4 ,and whosoever listeneth to others' conversation1 who dislike to be heard by him1 and avoid him1 boiling lead will be poured into his ears at the ,day of ,resurrection4 ,and whosoever draweth a picture shall be punished by ordering him to breathe a spirit into it1 and this he can never do1 and so he will be punished as long as ,god wills4 99 99 99 99 99 ,o servants of ,god use medicine3 because ,god hath not created a pain without a remedy for it1 to be the means of curing it1 except age2 for that is a pain without a remedy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,he who is not loving to ,god's creatures and to his own children1 ,god will not be loving to him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the truest words spoken by any poet are those of ,lebd1 who said1 8,know that everything is vanity except ,god40 99 99 99 99 99 ,verily he who believeth fighteth with his sword and tongue3 ,i swear by ,god1 verily abuse of infidels in verse is worse to them than arrows4 99 99 99 99 99 ,meekness and shame are two branches of faith1 and vain talking and embellishing are two branches of hypocrisy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the calamity of knowledge is forgetfulness1 and to lose knowledge is this1 to speak of it to the unworthy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,whoso pursueth the road of knowledge1 ,god will direct him to the road of ,paradise2 and verily the angels spread their arms to receive him who seeketh after knowledge2 and everything in heaven and earth will ask grace for him2 and verily the superiority of a learned man over a mere worshipper is like that of the full moon over all the stars4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hearing is not like seeing3 verily ,god acquainted ,moses of his tribe's worshipping a calf1 but he did not throw down the tables2 but when ,moses went to his tribe1 and saw with his eyes the calf they had made1 he threw down the tables and broke them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be not extravagant in praising me1 as the ,christians are in praising ,jesus1 ,mary's ,son1 by calling him ,god1 and the ,son of ,god2 ,i am only the ,lord's servant2 then call me the servant of ,god1 and ,his messenger4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it was asked1 8,o ,messenger of ,god1 what relation is most worthy of doing good to80 ,he said1 8,your mother10 this he repeated thrice3 8and after her your father1 and after him your other relations by propinquity40 99 99 99 99 99 ,god's pleasure is in a father's pleasure1 and ,god's displeasure is a father's displeasure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,verily one of you is a mirror to his brother3 ,then if he see a vice in his brother he must tell him to get rid of it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the best person near ,god is the best amongst his friends2 and the best of neighbours near ,god is the best person in his own neighbourhood4 99 99 99 99 99 ,deliberation in undertaking is pleasing to ,god1 and haste is pleasing to the devil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the heart of the old is always young in two things1 in love for the world and length of hope4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,death4 ,wish not for death any one of you2 either a doer of good works1 for peradventure he may increase them by an increase of life2 or an offender1 for perhaps he may obtain the forgiveness of ,god by repentance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when the soul is taken from the body1 the eyes follow it1 and look towards it3 on this account the eyes remain open4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when a believer is nearly dead1 angels of mercy come1 clothed in white silk garments1 and say to the soul of the dying man1 8,come out1 ,o thou who art satisfied with ,god1 and with whom ,he is satisfied2 come out to rest1 which is with ,god1 and the sustenance of ,god's mercy and compassion1 and to the ,lord1 who is not angry40 ,then the soul cometh out like the smell of the best musk1 so that verily it is handed from one angel to another1 till they bring it to the doors of the celestial regions4 ,then the angels say1 8,what a wonderful pleasant smell this is which is come to you from the earth60 ,then they bring it to the souls of the faithful1 and they are very happy at its coming2 more than ye are at the coming of one of your family after a long journey4 ,and the souls of the faithful ask it1 8,what hath such an one done1 and such an one8 how are they80 and they mention the names of their friends who are left in the world4 ,and some of them say1 8,let it alone1 do not ask it1 because it was grieved in the world1 and came from thence aggrieved2 ask it when it is at rest40 ,then the soul saith when it is at ease1 8,verily such an one about whom ye ask is dead40 ,and as they do not see him amongst themselves1 they say to one another1 8,surely he was carried to his mother1 which is ,hell ,fire40 ,and verily when an infidel is near death1 angels of punishment come to him1 clothed in sackcloth1 and say to his soul1 8,come out1 thou discontented1 and with whom ,god is displeased2 come to ,god's punishments40 ,then it cometh out with a disagreeable smell1 worse than the worst stench of a dead body1 until they bring it upon the earth1 and they say1 8,what an extraordinary bad smell this is20 till they bring it to the souls of the infidels4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a bier was passing1 and the ,prophet stood up for it2 and we stood with him and said1 8,o ,prophet6 verily this bier is of a ,jewish woman2 we must not respect it40 ,then the ,prophet said1 8,verily death is dreadful3 therefore when ye see a bier stand up40 99 99 99 99 99 ,do not abuse or speak ill of the dead1 because they have arrived at what they sent before them2 they have received the rewards of their actions2 if the reward is good1 you must not mention them as sinful2 and if it is bad1 perhaps they may be forgiven1 but if not1 your mentioning their badness is of no use4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sit not upon graves1 nor say your prayers fronting them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,whoso consoleth one in misfortune1 for him is a reward equal to that of the sufferer4 99 99 99 99 99 ,whoso comforteth a woman who has lost her child will be covered with a garment in ,paradise4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,prophet passed by graves in ,medina1 and turned his face towards them1 and said1 8,peace be to you1 ,o people of the graves4 ,god forgive us and you6 ,ye have passed on before us1 and we are following you40 99 99 99 99 99 ,of the ,state after ,death4 ,to whomsoever ,god giveth wealth1 and he doth not perform the charity due from it1 his wealth will be made into the shape of a serpent on the ,day of ,resurrection1 which shall not have any hair upon its head1 and this is a sign of its poison and long life1 and it hath two black spots upon its eyes1 and it will be twisted round his neck like a chain on the ,day of ,resurrection2 then the serpent will seize the man's jaw-bones1 and will say1 8,i am thy wealth1 the charity for which thou didst not give1 and ,i am thy treasure1 from which thou didst not separate any alms40 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,prophet asked us1 8,did any one of you dream80 ,we said1 8,no40 ,he said1 8,but ,i did4 ,two men came to me and took hold of my hands1 and carried me to a pure land3 and behold1 there was a man sitting and another standing3 the first had an iron hook in his hand1 and was hooking the other in the lip1 and split it to the back of the neck1 and then did the same with the other lip4 ,while this was doing the first healed1 and the man kept on from one lip to the other40 ,i said1 8,what is this80 ,they said1 8,move on10 and we did so till we reached a man sleeping on his back1 and another standing at his head with a stone in his hand1 with which he was breaking the other's head1 and afterwards rolled the stone about and then followed it1 and had not yet returned1 when the man's head was healed and well4 ,then he broke it again1 and ,i said1 8,what is this80 ,they said1 8,walk on10 and we walked1 till we came to a hole like an oven1 with its top narrow and its bottom wide1 and fire was burning under it1 and there were naked men and women in it2 and when the fire burnt high the people mounted also1 and when the fire subsided they subsided also4 ,then ,i said 8,what is this80 ,they said1 8,move on10 and we went on till we came to a river of blood1 with a man standing in the middle of it1 and another man on the bank1 with stones in his hands3 and when the man in the river attempted to come out1 the other threw stones in his face1 and made him return4 ,and ,i said1 8,what is this80 ,they said1 8,advance10 and we moved forward1 till we arrived at a green garden1 in which was a large tree1 and an old man and children sitting on the roots of it1 and near it was a man lighting a fire4 ,then ,i was carried upon the tree1 and put into a house which was in the middle of it1--a better house ,i have never seen3 and there were old men1 young men1 women1 and children4 ,after that they brought me out of the house and carried me to the top of the tree1 and put me into a better house1 where were old men and young men4 ,and ,i said to my two conductors1 8,verily ye have shown me a great many things to-night1 then inform me of what ,i have seen40 ,they said1 8,yes3 as to the man whom you saw with split lips1 he was a liar1 and will be treated in that way till the ,day of ,resurrection2 and the person you saw getting his head broken is a man whom ,god taught the ,korn1 and he did not repeat it in the night1 nor practice what is in it by day1 and he will be treated as you saw till the ,day of ,resurrection2 and the people you saw in the oven are adulterers2 and those you saw in the river are receivers of usury2 and the old man you saw under the tree is ,abraham2 and the children around them are the children of men3 and the person who was lighting the fire was ,mlik1 the keeper of hell2 and the first house you entered was for the common believers2 and as to the second house1 it is for the martyrs3 and we who conducted you are one of us ,gabriel1 and the other ,michael2 then raise up your head20 and ,i did so1 and saw above it as it were a cloud3 and they said1 8,that is your dwelling40 ,i said1 8,call it here1 that ,i may enter it20 and they said1 8,verily your life remaineth1 but when you have completed it1 you will come into your house40 99 99 99 99 99 ,when ,god created ,paradise1 ,he said to ,gabriel1 8,go and look at it10 then ,gabriel went and looked at it and at the things which ,god had prepared for the people of it4 ,after that ,gabriel came and said1 8,o my ,lord6 ,i swear by thy glory no one will hear a description of ,paradise but will be ambitious of entering it40 ,after that ,god surrounded ,paradise with distress and troubles1 and said1 8,o ,gabriel1 go and look at ,paradise40 ,and he went and looked1 and then returned and said1 8,o my ,lord1 ,i fear that verily no one will enter it40 ,and when ,god created ,hell ,fire ,he said to ,gabriel1 8,go and take a look at it40 ,and he went and looked at it1 and returned and said1 8,o my ,lord1 ,i swear by thy glory that no one who shall hear a description of ,hell ,fire will wish to enter it40 ,then ,god surrounded it with sins1 desires1 and vices1 after that said to ,gabriel1 8,go and look at ,hell ,fire10 and he went and looked at it1 and said1 8,o my ,lord1 ,i swear by thy glory ,i am afraid that every one will enter ,hell1 because sins are so sweet that there is none but will incline to them40 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ye knew what ,i know of the condition of the resurrection and futurity1 verily ye would weep much and laugh little4 99 99 99 99 99 ,then ,i said1 8,o messenger of ,god6 shall we perish while the virtuous are amongst us80 ,he said1 ,yes1 when the wickedness shall be excessive1 verily there will be tribes of my sects that will consider the wearing of silks and drinking liquor lawful1 and will listen to the lute3 and there will be men with magnificent houses1 and their milch animals will come to them in the evening1 full of milk1 and a man will come begging a little and they will say1 ,come to-morrow4 ,then ,god will quickly send a punishment upon them1 and will change others into the shape of monkeys and swine1 unto the ,day of ,resurrection4 99 99 99 99 99 ,verily among the signs of the ,resurrection will be the taking away of knowledge from amongst men2 and their being in great ignorance and much wickedness and much drinking of liquor1 and diminution of men1 and there being many women2 to such a degree that there will be fifty women to one man1 and he will work for a livelihood for the women4 99 99 99 99 99 ,how can ,i be happy1 when ,isrfl hath put the trumpet to his mouth to blow it1 leaning his ear towards the true ,god for orders1 and hath already knit his brow1 waiting in expectation of orders to blow it8 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,destiny4 ,the hearts of men are at the disposal of ,god like unto one heart1 and ,he turneth them about in any way that ,he pleaseth4 ,o ,director of hearts1 turn our hearts to obey ,thee4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the first thing which ,god created was a pen1 and ,he said to it1 8,write40 ,it said1 8,what shall ,i write80 ,and ,god said1 8,write down the quantity of every separate thing to be created40 ,and it wrote all that was and all that will be to eternity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is not one among you whose sitting-place is not written by ,god whether in the fire or in ,paradise4 ,the ,companions said1 8,o ,prophet6 since ,god hath appointed our place1 may we confide in this and abandon our religious and moral duty80 ,he said1 8,no1 because the happy will do good works1 and those who are of the miserable will do bad works40 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,prophet of ,god said that ,adam and ,moses 7in the world of spirits7 maintained a debate before ,god1 and ,adam got the better of ,moses2 who said1 8,thou art that ,adam whom ,god created by the power of ,his hands1 and breathed into thee from ,his own spirit1 and made the angels bow before thee1 and gave thee an habitation in ,his own ,paradise3 after that thou threwest man upon the earth1 from the fault which thou committedst40 ,adam said1 8,thou art that ,moses whom ,god elected for ,his prophecy1 and to converse with1 and ,he gave to thee twelve tables1 in which are explained everything1 and ,god made thee ,his confidant1 and the bearer of ,his secrets3 then how long was the ,bible written before ,i was created80 ,moses said1 8,forty years40 ,then ,adam said1 8,didst thou see in the ,bible that ,adam disobeyed ,god80 ,he said1 8,yes40 ,adam said1 8,dost thou then reproach me on a matter which ,god wrote in the ,bible forty years before creating me80 99 99 99 99 99 ',asha relates that the ,prophet said to her1 8,do you know1 ,o ',asha6 the excellence of this night80 7the fifteenth of ,ramadn47 ,i said1 8,what is it1 ,o ,prophet80 ,he said1 8,one thing in this night is1 that all the children of ,adam to be born in the year are written down2 and also those who are to die in it1 and all the actions of the children of ,adam are carried up to heaven in this night2 and their allowances are sent down40 ,then ,i said1 8,o ,prophet1 do none enter ,paradise except by ,god's mercy80 ,he said1 8,no1 none enter except by ,god's favour30 this he said thrice4 ,i said1 8,you1 also1 ,o ,prophet6 will you not enter into ,paradise1 excepting by ,god's compassion80 ,then the ,prophet put his hand on his head1 and said1 8,i shall not enter1 except ,god cover me with ,his mercy30 this he said thrice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a man asked the ,prophet what was the mark whereby a man might know the reality of his faith4 ,he said1 8,if thou derive pleasure from the good which thou hast done1 and be grieved for the evil which thou hast committed1 thou art a true believer40 ,the man said1 8,what doth a fault really consist in80 ,he said1 8,when anything pricketh thy conscience forsake it40 99 99 99 99 99 ,i am no more than man3 when ,i order you anything with respect to religion1 receive it1 and when ,i order you about the affairs of the world then ,i am nothing more than man4 ,,notes4 ,,the ,,mekka ,,speeches4 ,i4--,,the ,,poetic ,,period4 ,the rhyming prose in which the ,korn is written may be seen to best advantage in this earliest phase of ,mohammad's oratory1 when the sentences are short and the rhythm more chantant than in the later speeches4 8,the ,smiting0 7p4 #g71 will serve as a specimen of the sound of the original ,arabic1 as far as it can be represented in ,roman characters3-- ,bismi-llahi-r-rahmni-r-rahm ,el-kri'atu m-l-kri'ah ,wa-m adrka m-l-kri'ah ,yawma yeknu-n-nsu ke-l-farsi-l-mabthth ,wa-teknu-l-jiblu ke-l-'ihni-l-manfsh ,fe-amma men thekulet mawznuhu fe-huwa f 'shetin rdiyeh ,wa-amma men khaffet mawznuhu fe-ummuhu hwiyeh ,wa-m adrka m hiyeh ,nrun hmiyeh ,the effect of which may be thus roughly preserved in ,english3-- ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful4 ,the ,smiting6 ,what is the ,smiting8 ,and what shall teach thee what is the ,smiting8 ,the ,day when men shall be like moths adrift1 ,and the hills shall be like wool-flocks rift3 ,then as for him whose scales are heavy1 his shall be a life of bliss3 ,and as for him whose scales are light1 a place in the ,pit is his3 ,and what shall teach thee what that place is-- ,a ,fire that blazes6 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #c4 ,,the ,,night4--,the formula 8,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful10 precedes all the chapters of the ,korn but one4 ,we4--,god speaks in the plural in the ,korn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #e4 ,,the ,,country4--,the two highways3 the steep one to heaven1 and the smooth one to hell4 ,p4 #f4 ,the people of the right hand--those that receive the book of the record of their actions in their right hand--the blessed4 ,contrariwise--the people of the left hand--the damned4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #g4 ,,the ,,smiting4--,one of many similar names for the ,day of ,judgment4 ,the ,bottomless ,pit1 8,el-,hwiyeh10 is the lowest stage of the ,hell of the ,korn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #h4 ,,the ,,quaking4--,burdens1 i4e4 the dead4 ,her tidings3 8,the tidings of the earth are these--she will bear witness to the actions of every man and woman done upon her surface40--,tradition of ,mohammad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #i4 ,,the ,,rending ,,asunder4--,reporters3 two angels who note respectively the good and the evil deeds and words of every man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #ac4 ,,the ,,backbiter4--,this speech is said to have been levelled at a personal enemy4 ,blasting ,hell1 8,el-,hutameh10 is the third stage of the ,mohammadan ,inferno4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #ad4 ,,the ,,splendour ,,of ,,morning4--,evidently uttered in a time of despondency and with the intention of self-encouragement4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #ae4 ,,the ,,most ,,high4--,the books of eld4 ,mohammad asserted that his doctrine was a revival of the religion of ,abraham and the patriarchs1 as it was before the ,jews corrupted it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #ag4 ,,the ,,wrapping4--,a simile from the wrapping of a head in a turban4 ,camels ten months gone with young were the ,arabs' most valuable property4 ,the child that was buried alive4 ,infanticide of female children was among the crimes of the ancient ,arab4 ,the ,books--in which men's actions are recorded4 ,stars that hide1 i4e4 that set2 or1 as others say1 8that retrogress10 i4e4 the planets4 ,p4 #ah4 ,mad4 ,the people commonly believed ,mohammad to be possessed with a jinni 7or genius74 ,pelted devil4 ,the evil jinn or devils are supposed to act the eavesdropper on the confines of heaven1 and to be driven away by shooting stars4 ,a reminder1 scil41 of the true religion of ,abraham and the prophets1 which men had forgotten4 ,cf4 ,,lane3 ,selections from the ,kur-n1 lxxxi4 #ae1 #dg1 #dh 7#b;d ed41 ,trbner's ,oriental ,series74 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #ai4 ,,the ,,news4--,one of the many names which ,mohammad employed to bring home to his people the reality and fearfulness of the ,last ,day4 ,tent-pegs4 ,mountains were believed to keep the earth steady1 as pegs do a tent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #bb4 ,,the ,,fact4--,one of the names of the ,last ,day3 the event which must inevitably happen4 ,abasing the sinners1 and exalting the righteous4 ,three kinds3 the 8outstrippers10 the 8people of the right hand10 and the 8people of the left hand40 ,in the original the same word means 8right hand0 and 8happiness10 or 8good omen20 contrariwise1 8left hand0 and 8misfortune40 ,cp4 the use of dexter and sinister4 ,an instance of ,mohammad's practice of playing upon the different senses of a word4 ,the outstrippers1 i4e4 those who are the first to adopt the true religion--the prophets and apostles1 who shall be rewarded by being allowed to stand nearest to ,god in the next world4 ,the following fifteen lines describe their happy fate2 after which1 fourteen refer to the people of the right hand1 or ordinary believers2 and then seventeen lines to the people of the left hand1 or damned4 ,p4 #bd4 ,zakkm3 ,a thorny tree with a bitter fruit1 which grows up from the bottomless pit4 ,p4 #bf4 ,preserved ,book4--,mohammad taught that every 8revelation0 in the ,korn was but a transcript from the pages of a great book1 known as the 8,mother of the ,book10 8preserved0 under the throne of ,god4 ,the sentence1 ,let none touch it but the purified1 is commonly inscribed upon the cover of the ,korn4 ,those brought nearest1 i4e4 the outstrippers1 or prophets4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #bg4 ,,the ,,merciful4--,then which of the bounties1 etc4 ,a refrain or burden of this kind is rare in the ,korn1 and is in no other instance so often repeated4 ,the twain are mankind and the jinn 7or genii74 8,jinn10 it may be remarked1 is a plural1 and the singular is 8jinni0 7a genius71 for the masculine1 and 8jinnyeh0 for the feminine4 ,the two ,easts4 ,the rising-places of the sun in summer and winter2 the two ,wests1 the corresponding setting-places4 ,p4 #bh4 ,two notables1 or 8weighty ones10 i4e4 men and jinn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #cb4 ,,the ,,unity4--,this profession of faith is held by ,muslims to be equal in value to a third of the whole ,korn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #cc4 ,,the ,f,,tihah1 or 8,opening0 chapter1 so called because it is placed at the beginning of the authorised arrangement of the ,korn4 ,it is the ,paternoster of ,islam1 and is repeated many times in the five daily prayers of the ,muslims1 and on every solemn occasion4 ,,the ,,mekka ,,speeches4 ,,ii4--,,the ,,rhetorical ,,period4 ,p4 #ci4 ,,the ,,kingdom4 ,say3 i4e4 ,god bids ,mohammad say4 ,it must never be forgotten that ,mohammad is only supposed to recite what ,god wrote in the ,preserved ,book 7see note to p4 #bf7 before the world began4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #da4 ,,the ,,moon4--,sign1 i4e4 miracle1 which ,mohammad insistently declared his inability to work4 ,the ,summoner3 the archangel ,isrfl4 ,called it a lie1 i4e4 denied the doctrine of one ,god and of a ,day of ,judgment4 ,p4 #db4 ,ad3 an ancient ,arab people1 destroyed in prehistoric days4 ,see ,,lane3 ,selections from the ,kur-n1 #fj-fb4 ,thamd3 another tribe1 which experienced a similar fate4 ,see ,,lane1 ibid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #de4 ,k4--,as to the meaning of this letter of the ,arabic alphabet1 which gives a title to this speech1 in the words of the ,muslim commentator1 8,god alone knoweth what ,he meaneth by it40 ,a warner from among themselves4 ,the ,mekkans were offended that an angel was not sent to them as an apostle1 instead of a mere man4 ,marvellous thing3 the ,resurrection4 ,p4 #df4 ,the people of ,tubba'3 the ,himyarites of ,arabia ,felix4 ,a driver and a witness4--,two angels1 who are supposed to carry on the ensuing colloquy with ,god4 ,p4 #dh4 ,a tyrant4--,mohammad was sent to warn1 not to compel the obedience and faith of his people4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #di4 ,y4 ,s4--,see note to ,k above1 and to p4 #hg below4 ,p4 #ej4 ,plain ,exemplar3 the ,preserved ,book1 mentioned above 7note to p4 #bf74 ,p4 #ea4 ,enter into ,paradise3 the people had stoned him to death4 ,p4 #eb4 ,her resting-place4--,the sun is feminine in ,arabic1 and the moon masculine4 ,p4 #ee4 ,poetry4--,it was a common charge against ,mohammad that he was a mad poet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #eg4 ,,the ,,children ,,of ,,israel1 otherwise called ,,the ,,night ,,journey1 from the reference in the first verse to a dream in which ,mohammad saw himself carried from the ,kaaba 7the ,sacred ,mosque7 at ,mekka1 to the ,temple 7the ,furthest ,mosque7 at ,jerusalem2 upon which ,mohammadan theologians have raised a noble superstructure of fable4 ,the first verse is probably later than the rest4 ,the two sins and punishments of the ,jews have also greatly exercised the commentators' minds4 ,what they were ,mohammad probably did not very precisely know himself4 ,p4 #fj4 ,the son of the road1 i4e4 the traveller4 ,p4 #fa4 ,a just cause3 apostacy1 adultery1 or murder4 ,p4 #fb4 ,daughters from among the angels4--,the ,arabs worshipped the angels and jinn as daughters of ,god2 and it is against this polytheism and blasphemous relationship that ,mohammad protests1 whilst he never denies but contrariwise admits the existence of such spirits4 ,further on 7p4 #fd7 he refers to these angels and other ,arabian divinities1 as beings who are not to be invoked1 since they can have no influence for good or ill1 and who themselves are in hope and fear of ,god's mercy and torment1 like human beings4 ,it should be noticed that hitherto ,mohammad has directed his preaching against disbelief in the ,one ,god1 but has not pointedly attacked the idolatry of the ,mekkans4 ,in ,y4 ,s41 however1 he begins to speak of other gods 7p4 #ee71 and in the ,third or ,argumentative ,period1 the angels and jinn which the ,mekkans worshipped1 and represented in the shape of idols1 are frequently denounced1 especially under the name of ,partners 7see pp4 #gf1 #hd1 #ij1 #ib1 #ic1 #ig1 #ih1 #ajc1 #ajf1 etc47 ,p4 #fe4 ,the accursed tree3 ,zakkm1 see note to p4 #bd4 ,the full ,koranic history of ,adam and ,eve1 and how ,ibls1 the father of the devils1 refused to do homage to the father of mankind1 may be read in ,,lane',s ,selections1 pp4 #di-eb4 ,p4 #fg4 ,well-nigh tempted3 referring apparently to an inclination of ,mohammad to temporize with idolatry on a special occasion4 ,p4 #fh4 ,the ,spirit3 ,gabriel1 the teacher of ,mohammad1 and the bearer of revelations from ,god to ,his prophet4 ,p4 #ga4 ,call upon ,god1 or call upon the ,merciful4--,mohammad's use of two general names for ,god had apparently caused some confusion among the faithful1 which this verse removed4 ,the 8,children of ,israel0 speech is especially important1 since it contains more definite regulations of conduct than any other of the orations delivered at ,mekka4 ,,the ,,mekka ,,speeches4 ,,iii4--,,the ,,argumentative ,,period4 ,p4 #gf4 ,,the ,,believer4 ,twice hast thou given us death1 etc4--,referring to the absence of life before birth1 and the deprivation of it at death1 and to the being quickened at birth1 and raised again after death4 ,p4 #gh4 ,their footprints1 or vestiges3 i4e4 their buildings and public works4 ,moses4 ,for the ,koranic history of the ,israelites1 see ,,lane',s ,selections1 pp4 #ig-aca4 ,p4 #hd4 ,i am bidden to resign myself3 i4e4 ,i am bidden to become a ,muslim1 for ,muslim 7,moslem or ,musulman7 means 8one who is resigned10 and ,islm1 belonging to the same root1 signifies 8resignation10 or 8self-surrender40 ,this is the correct name of the religion taught by the ,arabian prophet1 who would have regarded the epithet 8,mohammadan10 as applied to the creed1 or the professor thereof1 as nothing short of blasphemy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,jonah4 ,p4 #hg4 ,a4 ,l4 ,r4--,letters the import of which is as mysterious as ,k4 and ,y4 ,s4 before1 and ,a4 ,l4 ,m4 ,r4 afterwards4 ,nldeke believes them to be abbreviations of the names of the first reporters of the speeches4 ,p4 #hi4 ,i had dwelt a lifetime3 i4e4 ,i should not have waited till ,i was forty before ,i began preaching1 if ,i was the designing impostor you take me for4 ,p4 #ij4 ,ye are in ships--and they run with them4--,the reader must have observed that sudden transitions from the second to the third person1 and from the singular to the plural1 are very common in the ,korn4 ,they may perhaps be regarded as convincing evidence of the fidelity of ,mohammad's reporters4 ,p4 #ig4 ,god hath taken ,him a son3 referring to the ,christian doctrine4 ,p4 #ajj4 ,kibla3 ,the point towards which prayer must be said4 ,see p4 #acd4 ,p4 #aja4 ,now6--,the angel ,gabriel is credited with this taunt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,thunder4 ,p4 #ajd4 ,a4 ,l4 ,m4 ,r4--,mystic letters as above2 perhaps for ,,al-,moghey,reh1 as the first reporter of this particular speech4 ,p4 #ajf4 ,patrons1 i4e4 ,idols4 ,p4 #ajh4 ,join what ,god hath bidden to be joined3 i4e4 believe in the whole series of prophets1 and join good works to faith4 ,p4 #aaa4 ,mother of the ,book4--,the ,preserved ,book mentioned before in ,,the ,,fact 7see note to p4 #bf74 ,,the ,,medina ,,speeches4 ,,the ,,period ,,of ,,harangue4 ,,deception4 ,p4 #aag4 ,obey ,god and obey the ,apostle4--,this is a sure indication of the ,medina origin of at least this verse1 for the self-importance of the phrase would have been inappropriate in ,mohammad's weak and insignificant position at ,mekka4 7,the speech is1 however1 by some ascribed to the ,mekka division47 ,further on the words ,believe in ,god and ,his ,apostle 7in ,,iron1 p4 #aah71 and ,they who swear fealty to thee do but swear fealty to ,god 7in ,,victory1 p4 #abe71 indicate the same spirit of self-exaltation which began with the prophet's prosperity at ,medina4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iron4 ,p4 #aai4 ,manifest signs3 the revelations contained in the ,korn4 ,p4 #abb4 ,it is written in the ,book3 i4e4 ,every event is set down in the ,preserved ,book before the event itself is created4 ,god is rich3 i4e4 ,he has no need of your grudging alms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,victory4 ,p4 #abd4--,the victory in question was probably the peaceful but real triumph of the ,truce of ,hudeybia1 in ,a4,h4 #f2 though some commentators prefer to regard the speech as prophetical of the conquest of ,mekka two years later4 ,p4 #abe4 ,the ,arabs of the desert who were left behind were certain tribes who held aloof from the pilgrimage towards ,mekka1 which ended in the ,truce of ,hudeybia4 ,mohammad punished them by refusing to allow them to share in the booty which soon after fell to the faithful in the ,khaibar expedition2 hence the reference on p4 #abf4 ,p4 #abh4 ,in the valley of ,mekka3 referring to the ,truce of ,hudeybia4 ,kept you away from the ,sacred ,mosque3 the ,koreysh refused to allow ,mohammad and his followers to enter ,mekka or perform the pilgrimage2 whereupon the truce was concluded1 by which the pilgrimage was to take place 7,ye shall surely enter the ,sacred ,mosque7 in the following year 7see ,introduction1 p4 xlv47 ,p4 #abi4 ,traces3 i4e4 dust from touching the ground4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p4 #acj4 ,,help4--,revealed after the conquest of ,mekka1 and shortly before ,mohammad's death1 and believed to have given him warning of it4 ,,the ,,law ,,given ,,at ,,medina4 ,the forty paragraphs arranged on pp4 #acc-add1 contain1 it is believed1 all the definite ordinances of ,mohammad as set forth in the ,medina speeches1 with the exception of some regulations relating to women4 ,the bulk of the ,medina speeches are indeed rather collections of separate decisions or 8rulings0 put together for convenience of reference by the ,muslims themselves than separate and complete orations4 ,but as the practical teaching is interspersed with frequent and verbose prophetical legends of the kind with which the reader is already perhaps only too familiar and with animadversions on the political parties of ,medina1 and similar ephemeral matters1 it has been thought best to extract the marrow of these lengthy and composite harangues1 and place them in some sort of connected order4 ,chapter ,,ii41 for instance1 8,the ,cow10 contains #bhf verses2 the first half is filled with the usual arguments and illustrations1 and the old stories about ,adam and ,moses2 whilst the second half contains a certain number of laws and precepts mixed with many repetitions of the proofs and appeals to reason which occur in most of the preceding speeches3 altogether1 #bi verses out of #bhf are needed for the purpose of showing what ,mohammad actually prescribed in civil and religious law4 ,for an account of the modern interpretation of this law1 see ,,lane',s ,modern ,egyptians1 #eth ed4 ,ch4 ,,iii42 ,,sell',s ,faith of ,islam2 and ,,hughes' ,notes on ,mohammadanism1 #b;d ed4 #ahgg4 ,p4 #acd4 ,observe the prayer1 and the middle prayer4 ,it is not easy to make out the five daily prayers of ,islam in the ,korn4 ,in the speech entitled 8,hd0 7,mekka1 ,third ,period1 xi4 #aaf7 it is enjoined3 8,observe prayer at two ends of the day1 and at two parts of the night02 and again1 in 8,t4 ,h40 7xx4 #acj71 the praises of ,god are to be celebrated 8before the rising of the sun and before its setting1 and at times of the night and at the ends of the day02 and in 8,the ,greeks0 7xxx4 #ag7 praise is ordained 8in the evening and in the morning1 and at the evening and at noon40 ,the ,muslim commentators differ as to the application of these injunctions to the five times of prayer recognized throughout the ,mohammadan world2 which are 7#a7 just after sunset1 7#b7 at nightfall1 7#c7 at daybreak1 7#d7 just after noon1 and 7#e7 in the middle of the afternoon4 ,turn thy face towards the ,sacred ,mosque3 i4e4 towards the ,kaaba of ,mekka4 ,originally ,mohammad placed the ,kibla1 or direction of prayer1 at ,jerusalem2 but after his disagreement with the ,jews of ,medina he reverted to the old ,mekkan temple as the focus of ,islm4 ,p4 #ace4 ,it is enacted 7ii4 #ahc7 that the fast is to be observed from the time when you can distinguish a white thread from a black thread in the morning1 till night2 but from nightfall till dawn the ,muslim may eat and drink and enjoy himself4 ,p4 #acf4 ,make mention of ,god's name over the beasts3 i4e4 ,sacrifice them1 saying1 8,in the name of ,god40 ,p4 #adj4 ,the ,korn contains a list of prohibited degrees 78,women10 iv4 #bf1 #bg71 which comprises mothers and stepmothers1 daughters1 sisters1 aunts1 nieces1 fostermothers1 fostersisters1 mothers-in-law1 stepdaughters1 daughters-in-law1 and two sisters1 and other men's wives4 ,p4 #adb4 ,keep the women in houses4 ,immuring was afterwards changed to stoning both the man and the woman4 ,,table-,,talk ,,of ,,mohammad4 ,p4 #adg4 ,retaliation is equal4--,it is worth noticing1 that while sin is requited with equal punishment or with forgiveness1 good deeds are rewarded tenfold4 ,p4 #aej4 ,rising or setting of the sun4--,the exact moment was forbidden1 for fear of even the suspicion of sun-worship4 ,p4 #afd4 ,it is recorded of the prophet1 that when1 being on a journey1 he alighted at any place1 he did not say his prayers until he had unsaddled his camel4 ,,index ,,of ,,chapters ,,of ,,the ,,kor,n ,,translated ,,in ,,this ,,volume4 i4 ,the ,ftihah1 p4 #cc4 x4 ,jonah1 #hg4 xiii4 ,the ,thunder1 #ajd4 xvii4 ,the ,children of ,israel1 #eg4 xxxvi4 ,y4 ,s41 #di4 xl4 ,the ,believer1 #ge4 xlviii4 ,the ,victory1 #abd4 l4 ,k41 #de4 liv4 ,the ,moon1 #da4 lv4 ,the ,merciful1 #bg4 lvi4 ,the ,fact1 #bb4 lvii4 ,iron1 #aah4 lxiv4 ,deception1 #aae4 lxvii4 ,the ,kingdom1 #cg4 lxxviii4 ,the ,news1 #ai4 lxxxi4 ,the ,wrapping1 #ag4 lxxxii4 ,the ,rending ,asunder1 #i4 lxxxvii4 ,the ,most ,high1 #ae4 xc4 ,the ,country1 #e4 xcii4 ,the ,night1 #c4 xciii4 ,the ,splendour of ,morning1 #ad4 xcix4 ,the ,quaking1 #h4 c4 ,the ,chargers1 #aa4 ci4 ,the ,smiting1 #g4 civ4 ,the ,backbiter1 #ac4 cvii4 ,support1 #ab4 cx4 ,help1 #acj4 cxii4 ,the ,unity1 #cb4 ,,portions ,,of ,,chapters1 pp4 #acc-add4 ii4 ,the ,cow1 #acc-add4 iii4 ,the ,family of ,imrn1 #acc4 iv4 ,women1 #aci1 #adj1 #adb-add4 v4 ,the ,table1 #ach1adj4 ix4 ,immunity1 #acf1 #add4 xxii4 ,the ,pilgrimage1 #acf4 xxiv4 ,the ,light1 #adj1 #ada1 #add4 lxii4 ,the ,congregation1 #acd4 ,,the ,,end4 ,printed by ,r4 ,r4 ,,clark1 ,edinburgh4 ,,the ,,golden ,,treasury ,,series4 ,uniformly printed in #ahmo1 with ,vignette ,titles by ,j4 ,e4 ,,millais1 ,t4 ,,woolner1 ,w4 ,,holman ,,hunt1 ,,sir ,,noel ,,paton1 ,,arthur ,,hughes1 c4 ,engraved on ,steel by ,,jeens4 ,bound in extra cloth1 #ds4 #f;d4 each volume4 ,also kept in morocco and calf bindings4 8,messrs4 ,macmillan have1 in their ,golden ,treasury ,series1 especially provided editions of standard works1 volumes of selected poetry1 and original compositions1 which entitle this series to be called classical4 ,nothing can be better than the literary execution1 nothing more elegant than the material workmanship40--,,british ,,quarterly ,,review4 ,,the ,,golden ,,treasury ,,of ,,the ,,best ,,songs ,,and ,,lyrical ,,poems ,,in ,,the ,,english ,,language4 ,selected and arranged1 with ,notes1 by ,,francis ,,turner ,,palgrave4 ,,the ,,children',s ,,garland ,,from ,,the ,,best ,,poets4 ,selected and arranged by ,,coventry ,,patmore4 ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,praise4 ,from the best ,english ,hymn ,writers4 ,selected and arranged by ,,lord ,,selborne4 ,a ,new and ,enlarged ,edition4 ,,the ,,fairy ,,book2 the ,best ,popular ,fairy ,stories4 ,selected and rendered anew by the ,author of 8,,john ,,halifax1 ,,gentleman40 8,a delightful selection1 in a delightful external form2 full of the physical splendour and vast opulence of proper fairy tales40--,,spectator4 ,,the ,,ballad ,,book4 ,a ,selection of the ,choicest ,british ,ballads4 ,edited by ,,william ,,allingham4 ,,the ,,jest ,,book4 ,the ,choicest ,anecdotes and ,sayings4 ,selected and arranged by ,,mark ,,lemon4 8,the fullest and best jest book that has yet appeared40--,,saturday ,,review4 ,,bacon',s ,,essays ,,and ,,colours ,,of ,,good ,,and ,,evil4 ,with ,notes and ,glossarial ,index by ,w4 ,,aldis ,,wright1 ,m4,a4 8,the beautiful little edition of ,bacon's ,essays1 now before us1 does credit to the taste and scholarship of ,mr4 ,aldis ,wright40--,,spectator4 ,,the ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress from this ,world to that which is to come4 ,by ,,john ,,bunyan4 8,a beautiful and scholarly reprint40--,,spectator4 ,,the ,,sunday ,,book ,,of ,,poetry ,,for ,,the ,,young4 ,selected and arranged by ,c4 ,f4 ,,alexander4 8,a well-selected volume of sacred poetry40--,,spectator4 ,a ,,book ,,of ,,golden ,,deeds of ,all ,times and ,all ,countries4 ,gathered and ,narrated ,anew by the ,author of 8,,the ,,heir ,,of ,,redclyffe40 8444,to the young1 for whom it is especially intended1 as a most interesting collection of thrilling tales well told2 and to their elders as a useful handbook of reference1 and a pleasant one to take up when their wish is to while away a weary half-hour4 ,we have seen no prettier gift-book for a long time40--,,athen,,um4 ,,the ,,adventures ,,of ,,robinson ,,crusoe4 ,edited1 from the ,original ,edition1 by ,j4 ,w4 ,,clark1 ,m4,a41 ,fellow of ,trinity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,,the ,,republic ,,of ,,plato1 ,,translated into ,,english1 with ,notes by ,j4 ,,ll4 ,,davies1 ,m4,a41 and ,d4 ,j4 ,,vaughan1 ,m4,a4 8,a dainty and cheap little edition40--,,examiner4 ,,the ,,song ,,book4 ,words and ,tunes from the best ,poets and ,musicians4 ,selected and arranged by ,,john ,,hullah1 ,professor of ,vocal ,music in ,king's ,college1 ,london4 8,a choice collection of the sterling songs of ,england1 ,scotland1 and ,ireland1 with the music of each prefixed to the words4 ,how much true wholesome pleasure such a book can diffuse1 and will diffuse1 we trust1 through many thousand families40--,,examiner4 ,,la ,,lyre ,,francaise4 ,selected and arranged1 with ,notes1 by ,,gustave ,,masson1 ,french ,master in ,harrow ,school4 8,we doubt whether even in ,france itself so interesting and complete a repertory of the best ,french ,lyrics could be found40--,,notes ,,and ,,queries4 ,,tom ,,brown',s ,,school ,,days4 ,by ,,an ,,old ,,boy4 8,a perfect gem of a book4 ,the best and most healthy book about boys for boys that ever was written40--,,illustrated ,,times4 ,a ,,book ,,of ,,worthies4 ,gathered from the ,old ,histories and written anew by the ,author of 8,,the ,,heir ,,of ,,redclyffe40 8,an admirable addition to an admirable series40--,,westminster ,,review4 ,a ,,book ,,of ,,golden ,,thoughts4 ,by ,,henry ,,attwell1 ,knight of the ,order of the ,oak ,crown4 8,mr4 ,attwell has produced a work of rare value4444 ,happily it is small enough to be carried about in the pocket1 and of such a companion it would be difficult to weary40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,,guesses ,,at ,,truth4 ,by ,,two ,,brothers4 ,new ,edition4 ,,the ,,cavalier ,,and ,,his ,,lady4 ,selections from the ,works of the ,first ,duke and ,duchess of ,newcastle4 ,with an ,introductory ,essay by ,,edward ,,jenkins1 ,m4,p41 ,author of 8,ginx's ,baby10 c4 8,a charming little volume40--,,standard4 ,,theologia ,,germanica4 ,edited by ,dr4 ,,pfeiffer1 from the only complete ,manuscript yet known4 ,translated from the ,german by ,,susanna ,,winkworth4 ,with a ,preface by the ,rev4 ,charles ,kingsley1 and a ,letter to the ,translator by the ,chevalier ,bunsen1 ,d4,d4 ,,scotch ,,song1 ,a ,selection of the ,choicest ,lyrics of ,scotland4 ,compiled and arranged1 with brief ,notes1 by ,,mary ,,carlyle ,,aitkin4 8,the book is one that should find a place in every library1 we had almost said in every pocket40--,,spectator4 ,,deutsche ,,lyrik3 ,the ,golden ,treasury of the ,best ,german ,lyrical ,poems4 ,selected and arranged1 with ,notes and ,literary ,introduction1 by ,dr4 ,,buchheim4 8,a book which all lovers of ,german poetry will welcome40--,,westminster ,,review4 ,,herrick3 ,selections from the ,lyrical ,poems4 ,arranged1 with ,notes1 by ,f4 ,t4 ,,palgrave4 8,for the first time the sweetest of ,english pastoral poets is placed within the range of the great world of readers40--,,academy4 ,,poems ,,of ,,places4 ,edited by ,h4 ,w4 ,,longfellow4 ,england and ,wales4 ,two ,vols4 8,a very happy idea1 thoroughly worked out by an editor who possesses every qualification for the task40--,,spectator4 ,,matthew ,,arnold',s ,,selected ,,poems 7,also a ,large ,paper ,edition1 ,crown #hvo1 #abs4 #f;d47 8,a volume which is a thing of beauty in itself40--,,pall ,,mall ,,gazette4 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the ,,christians ,,and ,,moors ,,in ,,spain4 ,by ,c4 ,m4 ,,yonge1 ,author of 8,the ,heir of ,redclyffe40 ,with ,vignette by ,,holman ,,hunt4 8,this volume will prove a very attractive one40--,,john ,,bull4 ,,lamb',s ,,tales ,,from ,,shakespeare4 ,edited by the ,rev4 ,a4 ,,ainger4 ,m4,a41 ,reader at the ,temple4 8,mr4 ,ainger's introduction is excellent40--,,spectator4 ,,poems ,,of ,,wordsworth4 ,chosen and edited1 with ,preface1 by ,,matthew ,,arnold4 7,also a ,large ,paper ,edition1 ,crown #hvo1 #is47 8,the selection is almost faultless40--,,saturday ,,review4 ,,shakespeare',s ,,sonnets4 ,edited by ,f4 ,t4 ,,palgrave4 ,,poems ,,from ,,shelley4 ,selected and arranged by ,,stopford ,a4 ,,brooke1 ,m4,a4 7,also a ,large ,paper ,edition1 ,crown #hvo1 #abs4 #f;d47 8,full of power and true appreciation of ,shelley's poetry40--,,spectator4 ,,essays ,,of ,,joseph ,,addison4 ,chosen and edited by ,,john ,,richard ,,green1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 8,this is a most welcome addition to a most excellent series40--,,examiner4 ,,selections ,,from ,,byron4 ,chosen and arranged by ,,matthew ,,arnold4 7,also a ,large ,paper ,edition1 ,crown #hvo1 #is47 8,it is written in ,mr4 ,arnold's neatest vein and in ,mr4 ,arnold's most pellucid manner40--,,athen,,um4 ,,sir ,,thomas ,,browne',s ,,religio ,,medici2 ,letter to a ,friend1 c41 and ,christian ,morals4 ,edited by ,w4 ,a4 ,,greenhill1 ,m4,d41 ,oxon4 8,dr4 ,greenhill's annotations display care and research to a degree rare among ,english editors40--,,athen,,um4 ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,london4 ,,transcriber',s ,,note ,this book was written with many words which are archaic or obsolete by today's standards4 ,however1 all such words 7other than transliterations of ,arabic7 are listed in ,o4,e4,d41 and have been maintained in this book as they were in the original4 ,the only changes to the text were inserting omitted section and chapter titles in the ,analytical ,table of ,contents and in the ,notes chapter1 and correcting such titles in those two locations when they did not match the corresponding titles elsewhere in the text4 ,the line ,in the ,name of ,god1 the ,compassionate1 the ,merciful is used as an introduction or prolog to all the chapters of the ,koran1 with two exceptions3 ,this line does not appear at the beginning of chapter ix4 7which does not appear in this book74 ,and in the case of the first chapter1 ,fatihah 7which does appear in this book71 this line is part of the poetry1 not a prolog or introduction4 ,i have left the line in the book at the beginning of ,fatihah separated from the rest of the chapter because that is the way it appeared in the original text4 ,this representation is incorrect1 there should be no break from the rest of the chapter4