,! ,am]ican ,apiculturi/4    ,a ,j\rnal 
,devot$ to ,sci5tific & ,practical      
,beekeep+4    ,,ent]$ ,,at ,,!          
,,po/-,,(fice1 ,,salem1 ,,z             
,,second-,,class ,,matt]4    ,publi%$   
,mon?ly4      ,s4 ,m4 ,,locke1 ,publi%] 
,prop'r4     ,,vol4 ,,iii4      ,,w5ham1
 ,,mass41 ,,june #ae1 #ahhe4      ,no4  
#f4     ,,subscription ,,prices4   #a4jj
 p] ye>1 payable 9 advance4 ,s5t on     
trial ?ree mon?s = #ce cts41 six mon?s =
 #fj cts4  ,,adv]tis+ ,,rates3--#ae c5ts
 p] l9e ( space ea* ins]tion4  ,a l9e ( 
?is type w admit ab\t #g words ,"o in* w
 conta9 twelve l9es4  ,transi5t         
,adv]tisem5ts mu/ be paid = 9 advance4  
,^? wi%+ special rates w please         
correspond ) ! ,editor4  ,:5 s5d+ money 
make all po/al notes & money ord]s      
payable at ! ,salem1 ,mass41 ,po/       
,(fice4  ,all communications %\ld be    
address$ to ,s4 ,m4 ,,locke  ,,co41     
,w5ham1 ,mass4     ,,beekeep+ ,,z ,a    
,,pursuit4#a  ,,by ,,ar?ur ,,todd4      
,?is subject may be reg>d$ f two        

/&po9ts--t ( ! man :o1 ) income assur$ f
 o!r s\rces1 pursues beekeep+ = its     
pleasure2 & t ( ! man :o1 wi%+ to       
increase 8 sl5d] income1 or actually    
make an income1 turns to beekeep+ ) a   
view to pr(it on ! capital & labor to be
 inve/$4 ,b1 z to ! latt] are d5i$ none 
( ! pleasures enjoy$ by ! =m]1 x is f ! 
latt] /&po9t alone t ,i %all review !   
subject4  ,beekeep+ is1 /rictly speak+1 
a bran* ( agriculture1 & _m a f>m] is   
to-day gett+ a great] return f 8        
inve/m5t 9 bees ?an t receiv$ f any ( 8 
o!r /ock2 b "r "h ,i say t beekeep+ z a 
pursuit has to-day become a 8specialty40
 ,! man :o ent]s ^u ?is pursuit 7leav+ !
 "q ( capital aside7 mu/ be "o end[$ )  
physical & m5tal ability2 a man ) op5   
eyes & e>s1 "o ready = em]g5cies1 prompt
 to d :at is necess>y at once1 & "o :o  
is n easily disc\rag$4  ,! physical     
ability is requir$ because beekeep+     
dem&s real h>d "w--yes1 back-a*+ "w--n  
suitable to ! sick ladies & g5tlem5 s   
(t5 ill-advis$ to g into beekeep+4 ,!   

m5tal ability is requir$ to keep !      
beekeep] abrea/ ( ! times & its rapidly 
*ang+ conditions4 ,beekeep+ is n[ a     
sci5ce1 a /udy1 & ! conditions :i* gov]n
 "o season1 or colony ( bees1 w be      
completely *ang$ = ! next4 ,e /age 9 !  
life ( a colony ( bees requires to be   
und]/ood4 ,!re mu/ be no 8guess+10 & ?is
 w br+ u to ! cultivation ( ! habit (   
obs]vation1 & a disposition to he> all t
 "o c ^u ! special subject4  ,em]g5cies 
w occur ne$+ h]oic treatm5t1 b !        
beekeep] ) m9d & h& tra9$ by exp]i5ce & 
?\ghtful consid]ation ( 8 8specialty10 w
 rise sup]ior to any occasion1 & :5     
disc\ragem5t comes1 z x inevitably w1 9 
! words ( ! immortal ,longfell[1 8,he w 
look n m\rnfully into ! pa/1 x comes n  
back aga91 b wisely improve ! future = x
 is 840  ,pleasure & pr(it g h& 9 h&1 z 
a rule1 9 ?is specialty1 al?\gh ! =m] is
 n unalloy$ by a lib]al application ( ! 
8bus9ess end0 ( ! little busy bee1 & !  
latt] by a recurr5ce ( poor honey       
seasons4 ,9 nature are f\nd bo? !       

beautiful & ! sublime2 9 ! hive bo? are 
con/antly "u ! beekeep]'s eye1 tea*+ him
 to look ) amazem5t f 8nature up to     
nature's ,god40 ,z he views 8 hive &    
sees ! city gr[1 & population increase1 
! wax5 walls1 & /ores well fill$1 !     
free-born citiz5 hurry+ to & fro1 ea* ) 
8 special task1 outside ( ! ?\ghts (    
pr(it w come to ! mo/ unimpressionable1 
?\ghts ( wond] & admiration = ! works ( 
t great ,ar*itect ( ! univ]se :o said1  
8,let !re be life & !re 0 life40  ,!    
pr(its ( beekeep+ are :at8 ,to _m a "o  
!y hold out ! hopes ( 8! glori\s        
privilege ( be+ indep5d5t20 & to obta9  
^! pr(its ! speciali/1 gift$ ) !        
requisite m5tal & physical qualities1   
mu/ be 8! "r man 9 ! "r place40 ,he mu/ 
h hives ( ! movable-frame ord]4 ,moses  
,qu9by wrote ?us1 9 #aheh3 8,!re is n ! 
lea/ d\bt1 9 my m9d1 t :oev] realizes ! 
greate/ pr(it f 8 bees w h to reta9 !   
movable combs 9 "s =m20 & :o ( u w      
ga9say ?is to-day8 ,out ( ! _m /yles (  
movable-comb hives n[ 9 exi/5ce1 !      

beekeep] w select "o be/ fitt$ = !      
bus9ess 9 :i* he means to engage1 be x !
 production ( comb or extract$ honey1   
que5-re>+1 bee-sell+1 or a comb9ation ( 
all4  ,! speciali/ :o int5ds to re> bees
 = sale w d well to employ t hive :i* w 
take ! size & /yle ( frame mo/ 9 use 9 !
 di/rict 9 :i* he resides4              
,int]*angeability ( p>ts is a gr& secret
 ( success1 & ! beekeep] :o c sell a    
colony ( bees1 or buy a colony well kn[+
 t ea* & e frame is usable 9 8 own or 8 
neighbors' hives1 has made a /ep 9 ! "r 
direction4 ,! ma9 po9ts 9 a good hive   
are1 8,simplicity ( con/ruction1 comb9+ 
pl5ty ( bee-space ) p]fect ease (       
manipulation40  ,! race ( bees w next   
engage ! speciali/'s att5tion4 ,/udy &  
exp]i5ce1 & also ! actual l9e ( bus9ess 
engag$ 91 w be/ decide ?is po9t4 ,!     
black1 ! ,italian1 ! ,syrian1 !         
,cyprian1 & ! ,c>niolan1 alike h _!     
vot>ies4 ,at pres5t1 = all purposes (   
sale & honey-ga!r+1 ! ,ligurian or      
,italian-,alp bee is ! pr9cipal "o 9    

dem&2 b ! v be/ race ( bees w af=d b    
little pr(it unless ! que5s are c>efully
 look$ aft]4 ,z fa/ z signs ( s5ility   
appe>1 ^! %\ld be remov$ & _! places    
suppli$ by y\ng] & m vigor\s que5s4 ,!  
api>i/ = pr(it %\ld n only re> que5s1 b 
"k h[1 :5 & :]e to replace !m4 ,he %\ld 
also "k ! requisites ( a good que51 & h[
 to judge ( h] prog5y4  ,pa/ure to !    
beekeep] is ev]y?+2 if t be poor1 8     
returns w be poor2 h5ce he %\ld c>efully
 exam9e 8 location4 ,di/ricts v>y       
greatly 9 _! flora1 & by a c>eful /udy (
 ?is "q be=e locat+1 disappo9tm5t w be  
avoid$4 ,! beekeep] %\ld be a walk+     
cal5d> ( ! flora ( 8 neighborhood =     
miles ar\nd1 !n1 z ! honey comes p\r+ 91
 he c tell its s\rce & label x          
accord+ly4 ,?is k w enable him to build 
up colonies1 & foll[ ! old advice1      
8,keep y\r colonies /rong20 s t :5 !    
honey does come1 !re are bees to ga!r x 
94  ,! managem5t ( bees kept = pr(it w  
v>y accord+ to ! object ( ! beekeep]1   
:e!r x be ! production ( honey or ! re>+

 ( bees or que5s4 ,9 runn+ = honey      
alone1 we h ! sw>m+ & ! non-sw>m+       
me?ods4 ,! exp]i5ces ( good bee-m5 are s
 div]sifi$ t "o is rem9d$ ( ! old say+1 
8:5 doctors diff]1 ! pati5t dies40 ,!   
bee-man mu/ /rike out 8 own l9e ( action
 suitable to 8 own special circum/ances4
 ,9 runn+ = extract$ honey1 sw>m+ is1 to
 a great ext5t1 controll$1 = 8,pov]ty   
make? humble20 b ,i insi/ t ! good      
bee-man w "k ! condition ( ea* hive1 &  
act accord+ly4  ,! speciali/ is a man :o
 reads1 & al?\gh he may n get or use a  
s+le "o ( ! _m traps1 or pat5t articles 
n[ (f]$1 he %\ld "k all ab\t !m2 = at   
any mom5t1 :at he has read ab\t ^! ?+s  
may give him an idea1 ! successful c>ry+
 out ( :i* may help him ov] a           
difficulty4 ,! capacity ( ! beekeep] to 
att5d to a c]ta9 numb] ( colonies1 be x 
great] or less1 w h a great influ5ce on 
! pr(its ( ! pursuit4 ,z a pursuit1     
beekeep+ %\ld n be ent]$ into )\t c>eful
 ?\ght & consid]ation z to ! capital    
requir$1 ! location & ! suitability ( ! 

employm5t to "o's temp]am5t4 ,to-day1   
be=e emb>k+ 9 ! bus9ess1 x is possible =
 ! int5d+ beekeep] to s]ve an actual &  
will+ appr5tice%ip 9 ! y>ds ( well-kn[n 
& successful bee-ma/]s4 ,i ne$ dwell n  
^u ! advantages ( ?is plan = !y are     
obvi\s4  ,to ! en?usia/ ) b small       
exp]i5ce1 ,i w\ld say1 8,g sl[60 ,read !
 good bee-lit]ature n[ s easy to be     
obta9$1 & nev] be above le>n+ f o!rs4   
,visit beekeep]s :]ev] y c enjoy !      
privilege1 att5d bee-conv5tions1 &      
gradually a /ore ( k w be ga!r$ ^u :i* y
 w draw ) pr(it lat] on4  ,pr(itable    
beekeep+ z a pursuit is1 to my m9d1 !   
outcome ( ! union ( two great           
factors--8tal5t0 & 8tact20 = 8tal5t is  
p[]1 tact is skill2 tal5t is weal?1 tact
 is ready money2 tal5t kn[s :at to d1   
tact kn[s h[ to d x2 tal5t makes ! _w   
wond] t x gets on no fa/]1 tact excites 
a/oni%m5t t x gets on s fa/2 tal5t may  
obta9 a liv+1 b tact w make "o4 ,tal5t  
conv9ces1 tact conv]ts2 tal5t is an     
honor to ! pr(ession1 tact has ! knack (

 slipp+ into good places1 & keep+ !m2 x 
seems to "k ev]y?+ )\t le>n+ any?+3 x   
has no left h&1 no deaf e>1 no bl9d     
side1 ) a full k ( ! ,py?agorean        
doctr9e1 #8t a man ought r to be sil5t1 
or say some?+ bett] ?an sil5ce4'0  ,i   
submit ^! rem>ks to my fell[ beekeep]s1 
be+ pa9fully consci\s ( _m %ortcom+s f !
 high /&>d ( excell5ce t man %\ld att5d 
to :o 9 ^! days goes into 8beekeep+ z a 
pursuit40  ,g]mant[n1 ,pa4     ,,h[es'  
,,rev]sible ,,frame-,,support4  ,,by ,c4
 ,j4 ,f4 ,,h[es4   ,to :om does !       
inv5tion belong8 ,f articles lately     
appe>+ 9 ,glean+s 9 ,bee ,culture1 &    
editorial comm5ts !reon1 ,i ?9k !re is a
 misappreh5sion ( :at ! above inv5tion  
consi/s1 or :at x really is1 & ^:       
prop]ty x is4 ,! above-m5tion$ articles 
& editorials are1 ,i feel1 do+ me an    
inju/ice1 & h a t5d5cy1 virtually1 to   
rob me ( all ! b5efits1 to say no?+ ( ! 
8honors10 ( ! discov]y1 :i* ,i _h       
consid]$ to be my prop]ty4  ,z to :at   
con/itutes my inv5tion1 ,i w quote f my 

article 9 ! ,a4 ,b4 ,j\rnal1 page #eg1 9
 reply to ,mr4 ,h$don's claim to !      
inv5tion ( ! frame illu/rat$ 9 ,glean+s1
 page #ajd4  8,at ! annual meet+ ( !    
,s\!a/]n ,mi*igan ,beekeep]s'           
,association1 held at ,adrian1 ,mi*41   
,jan4 #bc1 #ahhd1 ,i exhibit$ samples ( 
a device = rev]s+ brood-frames1 :i*     
device1 or plan1 susp5d$ ! frame by     
/rips ( wood1 or metal1 :i* /rips 7     
pivot$ to ! c5tre ( ! end-b>s1 & ext5d$ 
up to ! top ( ! frame1 !re =m+ project+ 
arms to re/ on ! rabbets1 & all[+ !     
frame to revolve on ^! pivots4  ,9      
describ+ ! device be=e ! conv5tion1 ,i  
di/9ctly claim$ z my inv5tion1 ! plan ( 
susp5d+ ! frame betwe5 side-/rips pivot$
 to ! end-b>s1 z describ$40  ,previ\s to
 ! illu/ration & description ( my       
device1 all rev]sible-frames _h fixtures
 at bo? top & bottom2 see ,glean+s =    
#ahhb1 page #ga1 also #ahhc1 page #fe1  
,burgess' device2 #ahhd1 page #aee1     
,baldridge's device2 & #ahhd1 page #ccb1
 ,he!r+ton's device4 ,^! atta*m5ts 7    

entirely diff]5t 9 pr9ciple f ! 8,h[es' 
,supports40 ,no "o _h ev] sugge/$       
revolv+ ! frames on 8c5tre pivots10     
previ\s to ! illu/ration1 & description 
( my frame 9 ,glean+s = #ahhd1 page     
#aef4  ,soon aft] ,i began to           
manufacture & sell ,h[es' ,rev]sible    
,frame & ,supports1--z adv]tis$ 9       
,glean+s1 = #ahhd1 page #bhe1--rev]s+   
devices began to appe> f all qu>t]s2 bo?
 m5 & wom5 jo9+ 9 ! scramble = !        
8honor10 if n = ! pr(its ( ! inv5tion2  
ea* "o susp5d+ ! frame by 8c5tre        
pivots10 z ,i _h describ$ !m4 ,sev]al   
us$ hoop-iron b5t at a "r angle to =m   
project+ arm4 7,pr(4 ,cook at ! ,mi*igan
 conv5tion claim$ to h tri$ ?is plan1   
?\gh a lady1 ,i ?9k1 fir/ describ$ x 9  
,glean+s74  ,mr4 ,root has (t51 ?r\gh   
,glean+s1 ackn[l$g$ t ^! diff]5t devices
 are1 practically ! same ?+ z ! 8,h[es' 
,support20 /ill he does n hesitate to   
manufacture1 adv]tise & sell !m1 z if ! 
inv5tion 0 common prop]ty4 7,see        
editorial rem>ks 9 ,glean+s2 page #gd1  

describ+ ,mr4 ,nuzv9is' device2 !n      
,editorial 9 next numb]1 page #ajd1 on !
 same subject47  ,i submit ! "q1 9 all  
s]i\sness4 ,does n ?is /ate ( ?+s ju/ify
 anyone1 9 secur+ 8 rights to ! labor ( 
8 bra91 by a pat5t1 z provid$ by law8   
,if a bett] device1 to secure ! results 
aim$ at1 by rev]s+ ! brood-combs1 %all  
be discov]$1 ,i %all be glad to adopt x1
 9 my own api>y1 & w1 will+ly1 pay = !  
privilege4 ,until !n1 ,i reque/ all to  
8please keep (f my pres]ve40  ,adrian1  
,mi*41 ,feb4 #g1 #ahhe4     ,,:i* ,,is  
,,! ,,mo/ ,,pr(itable ,,race ,,( ,,bees4
  ,,by ,d4 ,f4 ,,la%i]4   ,:i* is ! mo/ 
pr(itable race ( bees reg>d+ brood+1    
comb-build+1 honey-ga!r+ disposition &  
w9t]+ qualities8  ,i h no desire to     
injure anyone's bus9ess & wi% m]ely to  
br+ to notice a few facts :i* x seems to
 me to h be5 ov]look$4  ,p]haps a few   
notes f\nd$ ^u ye>s ( exp]i5ce w\ld n be
 out ( place1 especially z my motives   
are entirely unselfi%4  ,i comm5c$      
beekeep+ 9 #ahgb ) "o colony ( gray bees

 9 a box hive4 ,i pur*as$ ?is hive ( a  
neighbor ^: bees seem$ to be v h>dy &   
g5tle4 ,!y are ( uni=m size & z l>ge z  
any ,italians t ,i ev] h se51 ev5 :5 !  
latt] 7 re>$ 9 comb ( _! own build+4 ,i 
hive all my gray bees )\t any protection
 :atev] & ! same :5 look+ = que5s1 etc4 
,) ! ,italians ?is w\ld be p]fect       
madness4#b  ,d\btless "s w say 8y\r     
g5tle bees mu/ suff] f be+ robb$40 ,n s1
 my fri5ds1 !y are good protectors ( _! 
homes4  ,i h pur*as$ que5s f "s ( ! be/ 
bre$]s 9 ! ,/ates hop+ to get ! be/ 9 ! 
m>ket1 & ,i nev] h1 z yet1 se5 any t w  
hold _! own ) my gray bees4  ,9 bre$+1 !
 ,italians comm5ce a trifle e>li] 9     
spr+1 b !y dw9dle s badly t :5 fruit    
trees bloom !y are n z /rong z ! gray   
bees4  ,= honey-ga!r+ f ! :ite & r$     
clov] ! ,italians & gray bees are ab\t  
equal1 b :5 buck:eat is 9 bloom ! grays 
beat ! ,italians by fifty p] c5t4  ,i h 
w9t]$ bo? races indoors & out ( doors4  
,! grays seem to become dormant n c>+ to
 move ab\t1 :ile ! ,italians are uneasy1

 crawl+ out ( _! hives & wa/+ away4  ,my
 gray bees h /eadily increas$ by natural
 sw>m+#c f ! "o colony to #abj1 all 9 ! 
same api>y2 giv+ me1 9 an av]age season1
 a nice surplus ( box honey1 & 9 a v    
poor season hold+ _! own )\t fe$+ or    
spr+ dw9dl+4  ,i ?9k t _h "o-half ! pa9s
 be5 tak5 to improve "s ( our native    
bees t h be5 devot$ to re>+ =eign races1
 beekeep+ ( to-day w\ld be 9 a f> bett] 
condition4 ,x is ! g5]al result & !     
g5]al summ+ up t decide :i* is ! m      
pr(itable vocation4  ,( late ye>s ,i h  
w9t]$ my bees 9 a fro/-pro( build+1 & h 
f\nd x to be a great sav+ ( honey4 ,at  
"s future "t ,i w tell y\r read]s1 if !y
 wi%1 h[ ?is build+ is con/ruct$ s z to 
c>ry bees safely ?r\gh five mon?s ( z   
cold w9t] wea!r z ev] exi/$ 9 my        
section1 toge!r ) my exp]i5ce 9 fruit   
rais+ 9 connection ) beekeep+ & h[ ,i   
manage to save my natural sw>ms f       
abscond+4  ,?is hav+ sw>ms decamp to    
p>ts unkn[n is all wrong4 ,i h _h m     
sw>ms come to me ?an ,i ev] _h des]t1 & 

! idea t bees injure fruit blossoms is  
altoge!r errone\s4 ,:y6 we 7 oblig$ to  
prop up our plum trees la/ season to    
prev5t !m f break+ d[n ) ! load ( plums1
 & ( *]ries we _h a mo/ b\ntiful crop & 
?is "r 9 our api>y too4  ,i %\ld be     
pleas$ to give y\r read]s a pap] on     
fruit & bees if x w\ld be acceptable4#d 
,hoop]1 ,n4 ,y4     ,,h[ ,,to ,,=m      
,,nuclei4  ,,by ,,h5ry ,,alley4   ,mo/  
beekeep]s wi% to re> a few que5s & mu/ h
 = su* a purpose a few nucleus colonies4
  ,! foll[+ plan = =m+ !m is an easy &  
simple "o4 ,! nucleus hives %\ld be     
con/ruct$ ( light mat]ial & ab\t "o-?ird
 ! wid? ( ! l>ge hive1 & ! cov]s %\ld be
 cleat$ to prev5t splitt+ & w>p+4 ,if ! 
hives are pa9t$ !y w la/ _m ye>s4  ,!   
nucleus colonies %\ld consi/ ( ?ree     
combs & two qu>ts ( bees4 ,:5 ready to  
=m !m1 place 9 "o ( ! hives two combs   
conta9+ honey &1 9 ! c5tre1 "o conta9+  
brood1 aft] :i* add ! bees4 ,p]haps !   
bett] way w\ld be to remove f a full    
colony a comb conta9+ brood1 toge!r ) ! 

adh]+ bees1 be+ c>eful ( c\rse n to take
 ! que5 ) !m4 ,9 su* case !re w be a    
suffici5t numb] ( bees on ! comb to c>e 
= ! brood2 if n1 a few m may be bru%$ f 
ano!r comb into ! hive4  ,aft] ! combs &
 bees h be5 plac$ 9 ! hive1 conf9e !    
latt] to ! hives = ?irty-six h\rs &     
release !m e>ly on ! morn+ ( ! ?ird day4
  ,d n remove ! scre5 7) :i* !y h be5   
conf9$7 f ! entrance except j be=e d>k  
or e>ly 9 ! morn+2 z1 if releas$ 9 !    
middle ( ! day1 ! bees w\ld ru% out & _m
 w\ld n return4  ,aft] hav+ be5 conf9$ 9
 ! hive = ?irty-six h\rs1 ! bees w h    
con/ruct$ sev]al que5 cells & :5 releas$
 w return to ! new location4  ,a matur$ 
que5 cell may be giv5 !m at ?is "t2 or1 
:5 !y h be5 que5less sev5ty-two h\rs1 a 
virg9 que5 c be introduc$ safely4  ,be=e
 releas+ ! bees ! nuclei %\ld be plac$  
"s di/ance f ! /&s f :i* ! bees 7 tak54 
,:ile ! bees are conf9$ 9 ! hives !y    
%\ld be suppli$ ) wat]4 ,= su* purpose  
,i f9d ! cone fe$] v useful4  ,if !     
read] has /udi$ ! article 9 ! ,may numb]

 9 ref]5ce to ! drone trap he is prep>$ 
to h 8 que5s purely mat$ ) any p>ticul> 
/ra9 ( drones 9 ! api>y4  ,w5ham1 ,mass4
     ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,! ,,be/ ,,me?ods 
,,( ,,beekeep+4  ,,by ,j4 ,l4 ,,*ri/4   
,r4 ,f4 ,holt]man1 ,translator4         
7,cont9u$ f p4 #ij1 ,vol4 ,,iii47       
,,p]ta9+ ,,to ,,! ,,f9e/ ,,& ,,be/      
,,colonies4  ,x is a pr9ciple 9 beekeep+
 if "o desires to d]ive a b5efit f 8    
bees1 to see t "o keeps v popul\s       
colonies4 ,! m]e numb] ( colonies has   
no?+ to d ) am\nt ( value2 b _! /r5g?1 !
 numb] ( inhabitants 9 a hive1 is !     
measure ( its wor?4 ,"o s+le popul\s    
colony is wor? m & w /ore m honey ?an   
f\r weak ones4 ,9 f\rte5 days ! "o w br+
 9 m honey ?an ! f\r w 9 f\r weeks4  ,i 
place a /rong colony at #dj1jjj work+   
bees2 ( ^! #ac1jjj to #af1jjj c daily   
fly out & br+ 9 /ores2 ! rema9d] /ay at 
home to c>e = ! brood1 to build comb1 & 
to p]=m su* o!r duties z may be requir$ 
( !m4#e  ,( f\r weak colonies1 h[ev]1   
ea* calculat$ at #ab1jjj work]s1 only   

#d1jjj c fly out leav+ #h1jjj at home4  
,^! f\r colonies toge!r n only _c s5d to
 ! fields z _m work]s z ! "o /rong "o1 b
 !y also labor "u _m disadvantages4  ,x 
may be good wea!r = eight days & ! fl[ (
 honey abundant & ! /rong colony may 9 t
 "t ga!r all its w9t] /ores1 b ! weak   
ones c take only suffici5t advantage to 
ga!r at mo/ "o-f\r? ( ! requir$ /ores4  
,if unfavorable wea!r %\ld foll[1 & !   
fl[ ( honey cease1 ! /rong colony is    
suppli$ & ! f\r weak ones are lo/ 9 !   
w9t] if !y be n f$1 :i* latt] is        
associat$ ) mu* exp5se1 tr\ble &        
inconv5i5ce & ev5 !n (t5 fails1 n to    
m5tion ! facts t ! weak] ones _c dep5d  
^u !mselves z well aga9/ robb]s1 mo?s1  
ants1 etc42 & 9 w9t] !y _c ma9ta9 !     
prop] w>m? z well1 are m liable to be   
froz51 & are less able to /& ! *anges 9 
temp]ature4  ,!y _c re> brood z e>ly z !
 /rong "o & !re are _m advantages !     
/rong "o has ov] ! weak]1 "o ( ! mo/    
prom95t ( :i* is t ! /rong "o displays m
 en]gy & is m indu/ri\s ?an ! weak]4    

,,9 ,,! ,,ord9>y ,,/raw ,,skeps ,,"o    
,,_c ,,c>ry ,,out ,,"o',s ,,desires     
,,completely ,,9 ,,manag+ ,,bees4  ,z   
important & well kn[n z ! fact n[ is (  
hav+ ! colonies /rong1 "o _c make !m s  
if !y are kept 9 ! common1 simple /raw  
basket :]e "o does no?+ b de/roy 9 a    
slov5ly way1 especially f>m]s4 ,9 ! fall
 !y take ! heavie/ & lighte/ colonies & 
9 a s9ful & ?\ghtless mann] kill & smo!r
 its inhabitants ?us do+ !mselves a     
delib]ate injury1 z if !y p]mitt$ ^!    
useful creatures1 ^! patt]ns ( indu/ry1 
to live1 !y w\ld ga9 f> m4  ,i once saw 
a beekeep] take a v heavy colony consi/+
 ( two colonies :i* 9 sw>m+ clu/]$      
toge!r1 & smo!r !m1 because he ?\ght t  
ow+ to ! l>ge numb] ( bees ! colony     
might n h en\gh w9t] /ores4 ,yes6 a cl[n
 ( a fell[ actually burn$ ) /raw 8 "y   
sw>ms1 because !y came r late4 ,b ,i d n
 int5d to occupy my "t describ+ ! wrong 
mode ( keep+ bees1 z ?r\gh ! l5g? &     
bread? ( ! l& ?is has be5 s passionately
 spok5 ( & !y w le>n1 only z matt]s     

progress1 to adopt a bett] mode (       
beekeep+4   ,,! ,,magaz9e/ock#f ,,are   
,,conv5i5t1 ,,p>ticul>ly ,,) ,,! ,,wood5
 ,,top ,,boxes ,,) ,a ,,glass ,,side4   
,if "o wi%es to build up popul\s        
colonies1 "o mu/ comm5ce by controll+   
sw>m+3 namely1 sw>m+ (t54 ,to d ?is1 "o 
mu/ provide roomy dwell+s & ^? t c be   
enl>g$ gradually2 )\t ?is ! object w\ld 
fail4 ,if "o %\ld give ! bees a l>ge    
dwell+ at once !y w\ld become disc\rag$ 
& w\ld n half fill ! hive & !re w\ld be 
_m o!r disadvantages4  ,! dwell+ mu/    
also be arrang$ 9 su* a mann] t ! bees c
 be h&l$ ) ease & )\t damage to ! bees1 
or ev] to h to de/roy ! latt] to enjoy !
 product ( _! indu/ry & control _!      
surplus 9 honey & wax4  ,all ?is is     
requir$2 b n[ z to ! c>e ( ! 8magaz9e40 
,z ! bees conduct _! dome/ic affairs )9 
a limit$ space & !y f "t to "t accord+  
to ! dem&s ( "t1 att5tions1 etc41 are   
increas$ or dim9i%$1 "o g5]ally makes !m
 ( /raw 7at lea/ ,i h se5 no o!rs7 &    
la!s :i* are v useful1 if n too l>ge 7z 

!y g5]ally are72 nev]!less1 ^! /raw     
8/or+ cases0 h sev]al drawbacks :i* ,i h
 f\nd by obs]vation & manipulation4     
,?us1 "s ye>s ago1 ,i conceiv$ ! idea ( 
mak+1 z f> z possible1 ^? t 7 m complete
 & conv5i5t2 to t end ,i made wood5     
f\r-corn]$ hives ( bo>ds & put 9 ! same 
at lea/ "o pane ( glass :i*1 al?\gh only
 co/+ b little1 is ( ine/imable value4  
,i improv$ on ^! until ,i f\nd ! mo/    
useful & conv5i5t to h&le4  ,! samples t
 ,i h ,i n only _h myself = sev]al ye>s1
 b ,i also made "s = good fri5ds1 & o!rs
 made copies ( !m & _! great value makes
 me recomm5d !m unhesitat+ly4 ,^! hives 
are v little m exp5sive ?an /raw 7if !y 
are made pla9 & *eap71 !y la/ long]1 are
 bett] & m conv5i5t & c be made any:]e1 
:ile m5 :o c make /raw hives are (t5    
difficult to get4  ,"o %\ld n all[      
himself to be fright5$ into ?9k+ !y are 
too exp5sive1 :5 conduct+ an ext5sive   
bee bus9ess2 or t1 if "o beg9s ) !m1 !  
pr(its w soon disappe>4  ,i w j describe
 _! complet5ess & _! g5]al utility & _! 

advantages ov] ! /raw hive1 m especially
 = ! purpose ( giv+ guidance h[ to make 
!m ( ! greate/ use 9 beekeep+4          
,rodheim1 ,g]many1 ,july1 #aghc4   ,to  
be cont9u$4     ,,is ,,beekeep+         
,,pr(itable4  ,,by ,t4 ,f4 ,,arundell4  
,my att5tion be+ call$ to ! article     
head$1 8,is ,beekeep+ ,pr(itable0 7page 
#fd1 ,m>* ,no471 ,i w answ] x to ! be/ (
 my ability4  ,! answ]s to que/ions #a &
 #b dep5d simply on ! annual yield (    
honey p] colony1 & ! success atta9$ 9   
w9t]+4 ,%\ld a surplus ( #ajj lbs4 or m 
be obta9$ f ea* colony 7spr+ c\nt71     
toge!r ) a mod]ate increase 9 bees & )  
little or no loss 9 w9t]+1 success w\ld 
be assur$2 b1 %\ld ! av]age ye>ly       
surplus am\nt to no m ?an #dj or #ej    
lbs4 c\pl$ ) sev]e losses 9 w9t]+1 !    
bus9ess c\ld n prove o!rwise ?an a      
f9ancial failure4  ,no4 #c4 ,9 ?is      
section "o man c prop]ly manipulate at  
lea/ #aej colonies & _! increase1 make !
 extra hives1 & extract all ! honey f   
!m1 except+ possibly1 a v few days :5   

honey is /or$ m rapidly ?an usual4  ,z  
to tools we>+ out ) use1 ,i w say t ,i h
 extract$ #dj1jjj lbs4 7#bj tons71 9 !  
la/ two summ]s ) a f\r frame 8,novice0  
ge>$ extractor ) no appreciable we>1 &  
my honey knives are z good z :5 fir/    
b\ght4 ,a well made hive %\ld la/ a     
lifetime1 s t ! depreciation 9 value (  
ut5sils is m imag9>y ?an real4  ,no4 #d4
 ,giv5 a prop]ly arrang$ hive &         
appropriate tools a man c extract f #abj
 to #adj lbs4 p] h\r1 say #abjj lbs4 p] 
day4  ,9 f\r successive days la/ ,july  
,i extract$ & fill$ into cans #e1bjj    
lbs4 ( honey1 work+ ab\t eight h\rs ea* 
day extract+ & fill+ cans f ! tanks     
morn+s & ev5+s4 ,hives 9 my api>y av]age
 ab\t #dj lbs4 ea* extract+4  ,no4 #e4  
,9 reg>d to ! numb] ( colonies an api>i/
 c\ld ov]see1 x dep5ds m on ! tal5t &   
g5ius ( ! ov]se] ?an ^u ! numb] (       
colonies possess$4 ,:ile "o man c direct
 & control hundr$s ( employs1 ano!r _c  
ev5 manage 8 own labor to lead to ! be/ 
results4  ,at "s future "t ,i w\ld l to 

describe1 9 y\r ,j\rnal1 ! be/ & spe$ie/
 me?ods ( extract+ honey 9 l>ge api>ies 
z practis$ 9 ?is c\ntry4  ,santa ,paula1
 ,cal4     ,,in/ructions ,,to ,,beg9n]s4
  ,,by ,,! ,,editor4   ,!re are1 prop]ly
 speak+1 two sy/ems ( keep+ bees3 ! "o  
adapt$ to ! ne$s ( ! exp]t & speciali/  
:o keeps a l>ge numb] ( colonies &      
devotes 8 entire "t & att5tion to !     
pursuit2 ! o!r adapt$ to an api>i/ :o   
keeps bees 9 connection ) "s o!r        
bus9ess1 ei!r = ! pleasure & recreation1
 or = ! purpose ( add+ ano!r s\rce (    
income4  ,! latt] class con/itute !     
majority ( ! beekeep+ frat]nity & only  
too (t5 are _! ne$s ov]look$ by ^? :o   
write ^u ! subject ( apiculture4  ,:ile 
we are aw>e t if "o is adapt$ to        
beekeep+1 & ent]s into x prop]ly 9 a    
favorable location & ma/]s x t success w
 foll[2 yet1 z a rule1 we advise keep+  
bees 9 connection ) "s o!r vocation1 z  
:5 "o becomes ?or\ghly famili> ) all !  
requirem5ts ( beekeep+ x is an easy     
matt] to enl>ge 8 api>y4 ,!n1 aga91 a   

few colonies prop]ly manag$ w g5]ally   
give f> bett] results ?an c be obta9$ f 
a l>ge api>y4  ,^? :o are j comm5c+ %\ld
 rememb] t ! less !y h&le _! bees1 & yet
 accompli% :at may be requir$1 ! bett] =
 _! colonies4  ,if "o is naturally      
n]v\s1 x is be/ to we> a bee veil at    
fir/ & :5 manipulat+ ! colonies "w g5tly
 & avoid j>r+ or frett+ !m4  ,:5 look+ =
 ! que51 bl[ a little smoke 9 at !      
entrance z ?is causes ! que5 to run up  
on ! comb & ! bees t may be runn+ ab\t  
on ! bottom bo>d w fill ) honey4  ,"o ( 
! fir/ /eps = ! beg9n] is to decide1 z  
f> z possible1 to :i* class he int5ds to
 belong1 & :at am\nt ( capital he c     
safely inve/4  ,:]e "o has a limit$     
capital & wi%es to become an exp]t or a 
speciali/1 x is f> bett] to beg9 on a   
small scale & gradually increase 8 numb]
 ( colonies mak+ !m pay _! way & also   
furni% funds = new inve/m5ts4  ,if y\r  
fir/ lessons h be5 glean$ f flam+       
adv]tisem5ts or reports ( enorm\s       
yields1 or ?r\gh read+ "s ( ! ov]drawn  

works on apiculture 7s writt5 ) !       
purpose ( mak+ new conv]ts71 j take "s  
:olesome1 practical food = /udy & ?\ght1
 bo? by secur+ "o or m ( ! works on     
practical apiculture m5tion$ 9 ?is      
j\rnal1 & by visit+ "s practical &      
successful api>i/4 ,9 ?is way1 y w be   
prep>$ to look at bo? sides2 & if1 aft] 
do+ ?is1 y ent] into beekeep+ ) a       
det]m9ation to succe$ y are c]ta9 to    
make x pay1 provid$ y are adapt$ to !   
bus9ess1 & o!r ?+s are equal4  ,!re is n
 ! slighte/ reason :y ne>ly e p]son :o  
has a fair-siz$ g>d5 %\ld n keep a few  
colonies ( bees & ?us provide ! table ) 
nature's pure/ & mo/ heal?ful sweets4   
,success 9 any vocation always means h>d
 "w1 toge!r ) pu%1 tact1 & en]gy4 ,?\s&s
 emb>k ea* ye> on ! sea ( bus9ess       
ent]prise & ! %oals & quicks&s are /rewn
 ) /r&$ wrecks1 yet !re are ^? :o1 by   
rigid economy & %rewd managem5t1        
accumulate a compet5cy besides e/abli%+ 
a good remun]ative bus9ess4  ,our advice
 to ^? :o wi% to engage 9 beekeep+ w\ld 

z a rule be ?is4 ,if at pres5t y h no   
location1 look ab\t y & f9d a small     
place ( f "o to t5 acres accord+ to y\r 
means & ! situation4  ,x is bett] to h !
 l& slope to ! s\? & ea/ if possible & x
 %\ld be well protect$ f ! cold nor? &  
we/ w9ds4 ,p]haps y c r5t or lease a    
place adapt$ to y\r ne$s4 ,! surr\nd+   
c\ntry %\ld be well suppli$ ) bee       
pa/urage 9 ! %ape ( or*>ds1 clov]1      
basswood 7if possible71 wild fl[]s or _m
 o!rs t we might "n b :i* are describ$ 9
 mo/ ( ! works on apiculture4  ,:]e "o  
is locat$ 9 ! city or village & means to
 keep only a few colonies ?is advice is 
unnecess>y1 b ) all o!rs x is imp]ative 
t !y locate 9 a good honey-produc+      
di/rict4  ,x is also be/ to le>n if !re 
are _m bees kept :]e y wi% to locate2 z1
 :ile !re is no law to prev5t y\r       
e/abli%+ an api>y by ! side ( y\r       
neighbor1 yet ! latt] has rights :i* x  
is prop] & j to respect4 ,?is aga9 w n  
matt] )\t y int5d to build up a l>ge    
api>y4  ,"o may secure a l>ge yield (   

honey & yet f9d a poor m>ket = x2 h5ce x
 is always be/ to take into consid]ation
 ! advantages = e/abli%+ a good home    
m>ket4 ,x w pay f> bett] ?an %ipp+ to   
l>ge m>kets & giv+ all y\r pr(its to    
commission m54  ,!re are s _m items (   
int]e/ :i* %\ld s]ve z an introduction  
to ^! pap]s t we h>dly "k :]e to /op &  
mu/ be necess>ily brief & ev5 leave _m (
 !m until we write aga94 ,9 pur*as+ bees
 x is be/ if y want b f "o to five      
colonies to pur*ase !m ( "s reliable    
deal] & always select a /&>d frame1 & x 
w pay y well to look into ! m]its ( !   
v>i\s frames be=e mak+ y\r pur*ase4     
,:ile = "s reasons we pref] a frame ab\t
 #aj  #ae1 yet z ! 8,lang/ro? ,/&>d0 is 
n[ s l>gely 9 use & is no objection z   
reg>ds w9t]+ ! bees1 we deem x be/ to   
adopt x 9 our own api>ies4              
,circum/ances mu/ 9 a great measure     
control ^! matt]s1 b :atev] /yle is     
adopt$ x %\ld be adh]$ to1 else mu*     
tr\ble & exp5se w result4  ,we deem !   
t5em5t hive ! be/ = all purposes4 ,true1

 ! fir/ co/ is some:at great]1 b 9 ! end
 x pays4  ,! hives %\ld be con/ruct$ 9 z
 simple a mann] z possible1 & :ile if "o
 wants b a few he c make !m aft] obta9+ 
8 colony ( bees & e/imat+ ! size ( !    
brood *amb]2 yet x is mu* bett] if he   
wants five or m hives to pur*ase !m 9 ! 
flat4  ,:ile we pref] = work+ bees a    
cross betwe5 ! ,italian & ,holyl&s 7f   
,syria71 yet z a rule we w\ld recomm5d !
 ,italian z ! be/ = ! av]age beekeep]4  
,exp]i5ce w tea* "o :i* is ! be/ race4  
,we %all endeavor to give illu/rations (
 diff]5t /yles ( hives 9 our next pap] b
 h be5 too busy to att5d to x ?is mon?4 
,our fir/ advice is 8,make ha/e sl[ly10 
b 8/ick to x0 until y h ei!r ma/]$ !    
bus9ess or f\nd t y 7 bett] adapt$ to "s
 o!r vocation4     ,,new ,,obs]vations  
,,on ,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,bees4 
,,by ,,francis ,,hub]4  7,cont9u$ f p4  
#ie1 ,vol ,,iii47   ,solicit\s to le>n  
its orig91 & conjectur+ t x might be    
mascul9e matt]1 he began to wat* !      
motions ( e drone 9 ! hive1 on purpose  

to seize ! mom5t :5 x %\ld be receiv$ by
 ! eggs4  ,he assures u1 t he saw sev]al
 drones ins9uate ! po/]ior "p ( ! body  
into ! cells = t purpose4 ,aft] frequ5t 
repetition ( ! fir/ he ent]$ on a long  
s]ies ( o!r exp]im5ts4  ,!re 0 some?+ v 
speci\s 9 ?is explanation3 ! exp]im5ts  
on :i* x 0 f\nd$ seem$ correct2 & x     
af=d$ a satisfactory reason = !         
prodigi\s numb] ( males 9 a hive4 ,at ! 
same "t ! au?or _h neglect$ to obviate  
"o /rong objection3 l>v appe> :5 !re are
 no drones4  ,f ! mon? ( ,septemb] until
 ,april1 hives are g5]ally de/itute (   
males2 yet1 not)/&+ _! abs5ce1 ! que5 !n
 lays f]tile eggs4  ,?us ! prolific     
matt] _c be requir$ = _! impregnation1  
unless we %all suppose t x is necess>y  
at a c]ta9 "t ( ! ye>1 :ile at e o!r    
season x is useless4  ,to discov] ! tru?
 amid/ ^! facts1 app>5tly s             
contradictory1 ,i det]m9$ to repeat ,mr4
 ,debraw's exp]im5ts1 & to obs]ve m     
precaution ?an he himself _h done4      
,fir/1 ,i s\ght = t matt] :i* he        

supposes ! prolific 9 cells conta9+     
eggs4 ,sev]al 7 actually f\nd ) su* an  
appe>ance1 & dur+ ! fir/ day (          
obs]vation1 nei!r my assi/ant nor myself
 d\bt$ ! reality ( ! discov]y4 ,b we    
aft]w>ds f\nd x an illusion aris+ f !   
reflection ( ! light = no?+ l a fluid 0 
visible except :5 ! sol> rays rea*$ !   
bottom ( ! cells4 ,?is "p is commonly   
cov]$ by %9+ fragm5ts ( ! cocoons (     
worms successively hat*$1 & ! reflection
 ( ! light f ^! :5 mu* illum9at$1       
produces an illusory effect4 ,we prov$ x
 by ! /ricte/ exam9ation = no ve/iges ( 
a fluid 7 p]ceptible :5 ! cells 7 deta*$
 & cut asund]4  ,?\gh ! fir/ obs]vation 
inspir$ u ) "s di/ru/ ( ,mr4 ,debraw's  
discov]y1 we repeat$ 8 o!r exp]im5ts ) !
 utmo/ c>e4  ,on ! #f? ( ,augu/1 #aghg1 
we imm]s$ a hive1 & ) scrupul\s att5tion
 exam9$ all ! bees :ile 9 ! ba?4 ,we    
asc]ta9$ t !re 0 no male1 ei!r l>ge or  
small1 & hav+ exam9$ e comb we f\nd     
nei!r male nymph nor worm4 ,:5 ! bees 7 
dry we replac$ ! :ole1 along ) ! que5 9 

_! habitation1 & transport$ !m into my  
cab9et4 ,!y 7 all[$ full lib]ty2 !re=e  
!y flew ab\t & made _! usual            
collections2 b x be+ necess>y t no male 
%\ld ent] ! hive dur+ ! exp]im5t1 a     
glass tube 0 adapt$ to ! entrance1 ( su*
 dim5sions t two bees only c\ld pass at 
once2 & we wat*$ ! tube att5tively dur+ 
! f\r or five days t ! exp]im5t cont9u$4
 ,we %\ld h in/antly obs]v$1 & remov$   
any male appe>+1 t ! result ( ! exp]im5t
 might be undi/urb$1 & ,i c positively  
affirm t n "o 0 se54  ,h[ev]1 f ! fir/  
day :i* 0 ! #f? ( ,augu/1 ! que5        
deposit$ f\rte5 eggs 9 ! work]s' cells2 
& all ^! 7 hat*$ on ! t5? ( ! same mon?4
  ,to be cont9u$4     ,,editorial4      
,d\btless our fri5ds w n take x amiss if
 we give b a brief editorial ?is mon?4  
,our new ent]prise is receiv+ su* he>ty 
endorsem5t f e qu>t] t we mu/ conclude t
 we h tak5 ! "r /ep aft] all4 ,we only  
ask t ! read] & our cu/om]s be> pati5tly
 ) u = a :ile4 ,! season has be5 s      
backw>d t we are 9 a ru% b %all be amply

 able to meet all dem&s4  ,we h n       
utiliz$ ! "q & answ] dep>tm5t ?is mon? z
 ! am\nt ( "w t we h be5 oblig$ to p]=m 
has be5 simply enorm\s1 b we %all soon h
 t dep>tm5t 9 runn+ ord] aga94  ,we w\ld
 urge ^u our read]s ! importance (      
creat+ a home dem& = honey ?is season 9 
ord] t we may n h a glutt$ honey m>ket )
 :i* to cont5d4  ,"w h>d at ! ,/ate     
conv5tions to h c\nty associations =m$2 
^! are ! educators t w prove ! gateway  
to a home dem&4  ,prep>e to make        
fir/-class exhibitions at c\nty fairs   
next fall3 x w pay4 ,x may seem z ?\gh  
?is advice 0 premature1 b we h none too 
mu* "t to prep>e = ^! fairs4  ,rememb] t
 if we ev] h a p]man5t m>ket = our honey
 ! beekeep]s mu/ make x4  ,we wi% our   
read]s to come to u ) _! exp]i5ces1     
successes & failures & we %all endeavor 
to give !m su* in/ruction z w aid !m 9  
_! "w4  ,d n fail to s5d = a few ( our  
8,companions0 & di/ribute !m = u2 x w be
 b little tr\ble & w aid u wond]fully 9 
build+ up our subscription li/4  ,we are

 prep>+ to give our read]s a l>ge numb] 
( illu/rations & z our li/ increases we 
%all be able to add _m new & int]e/+    
features to our ,j\rnal4  ,we h already 
s5t out #e1jjj 8,companions0 )9 ! la/   
two weeks1 & ! call is s great t we are 
pr9t+ #e1jjj m4     ,,exp]im5tal ,,bee  
,,f>m ,,notes4   ,on acc\nt ( ! _m      
duties devolv+ ^u u 9 e/abli%+ our bee  
f>m we h n z yet be5 able to c>ry out   
any ( ! exp]im5ts t we mean to te/ = !  
b5efit ( our read]s4  ,:ile = ! purpose 
( exp]im5t+ we %all devote "s colonies  
to ! production ( honey1 bo? comb &     
extract$1 yet ?is season's op]ations w  
be conf9$ almo/ exclusively to          
que5-re>+4  ,we />t ) ab\t "o hundr$    
colonies ( ! diff]5t races ( bees4 ,!   
season ?us f> 79 ?is locality7 has be5  
unusually backw>d & try+1 giv+ u b      
little w>m1 pleasant wea!r & b few days 
:5 ! bees c\ld ga!r honey freely4  ,la/ 
w9t] mo/ ( our colonies 7 w9t]$ 9 !     
beeh\se & 7 remov$ to ! summ] /&s1 ab\t 
! #bh? ( ,m>*1 9 f9e condition & !re    

seem$ to be b little diff]5ce betwe5 _! 
condition & t ( ^? w9t]$ on ! summ] /&s4
 ,! fir/ "w ( ! season comm5c$ :5 ! bees
 7 remov$ f ! beeh\se4 ,! hives 7 cle>$ 
7z mu* z possible )\t remov+ ! combs7 ( 
dead bees2 ! honey bo>ds ) :i* ! hives 7
 cov]$ dur+ w9t] 7 remov$ & replac$ )   
mats on ! top ( :i* *aff cu%ions 7      
plac$4  ,we kept our colonies well pack$
 t !y might be snug & w>m ev5 dur+ !    
sudd5 *anges 9 temp]ature & we make x a 
rule nev] to remove su* pack+ until w>m 
wea!r has 8come to /ay40  ,z soon z !   
bees c\ld be h&l$ safely ! colonies 7   
exam9$ & all combs outside ! clu/] 7    
remov$4 ,?is is an excell5t practice1 z 
by r$uc+ ! capacity ( ! brood *amb] to !
 size ( ! clu/] we enable ! bees to     
ma9ta9 suffici5t heat to c>ry on        
brood-re>+ mu* m rapidly ?an :5 !y are  
surr\nd$ by a cold vacant space4  ,at ! 
"t ( sett+ out ! bees1 ! entrances to ! 
hives 7 all contract$ to ab\t "o in* & x
 is wond]ful to see :at a help ?is is to
 ! bees 9 keep+ ! hive w>m4  ,9 a few   

days aft] be+ remov$ f ! bee-h\se ! bees
 7 busily engag$ 9 c>ry+ 9 ! artificial 
poll5 7:eat fl\r7 :i* we provid$ = !m   
plac+ x ne> by 9 ! api>y4  ,brood-re>+  
soon comm5c$ & 9 ab\t f\r weeks !       
colonies began to %[ m>k$ signs (       
increase4  ,soon we f\nd x necess>y to  
add empty combs :]e9 ! que5s might      
deposit eggs4 ,:ile 9 ! h&s ( ! exp]t   
?is is a safe & sure me?od ( build+ up !
 colonies rapidly1 yet x mu/ be conduct$
 ) caution else dur+ a w>m spell ! que5s
 may utilize m combs ?an ! bees c clu/] 
& ?us neglect ! brood 9 ! outside combs 
:i* 9 su* case mu/ p]i%4 ,nev] spread   
brood fa/] ?an x c be cov]$ & well      
protect$ by ! bees ev5 dur+ ! cool      
nights4 ,dur+ ! la/ few days 9 ,april ! 
wea!r 0 favorable = honey ga!r+ & a few 
p\nds 7 /or$ by ea* colony f ! s(t maple
 bloom4  ,our colonies h be5 s well     
protect$ t !y 7 n tr\bl$ ) spr+ dw9dl+ &
 soon !y became s /rong 9 numb]s z to be
 9 f9e condition = que5-re>+4  ,x is    
poor policy bo? = ! bre$] & = ! honey   

produc] to attempt to re> que5s ) any b 
! mo/ popul\s colonies if !y want       
fir/-class que5s4  ,at ?is date we h    
betwe5 #cjj & #djj que5 cells 9 all     
/ages ( con/ruction & q a l>ge numb] (  
que5s ready = f]tilization4  ,our       
que5-re>+ is conduct$ by ! me?ods giv5 9
 ! ,beekeep]s' ,h&y ,book2 &1 inde$1    
aft] hav+ practis$ all ! v>i\s me?ods1  
we w\ld z soon ?9k ( go+ back to ! old  
box-hive sy/em ( keep+ bees z to        
practise ! old unsatisfactory & unc]ta9 
me?ods ( re>+ que5 bees4  ,x is a       
pleasure to exam9e ! nice ev5ly built & 
conv5i5tly spac$ r[s ( cells f\nd 9 !   
que5-re>+ colonies n[ "u ,mr4 ,alley's  
sup]vision4 ,x is inde$ a mo/ int]e/+   
sight & "o t we w\ld be pleas$ to %>e ) 
our beekeep+ fri5ds to :om we ext5d a   
mo/ cordial invitation to visit u4 ,we  
%all endeavor to imp>t to all our       
visitors all ! in=mation possible reg>d+
 que5-re>+ & ! g5]al managem5t ( ! api>y
 z conduct$ at our 8bee f>m40 ,at pres5t
 we h f\r races ( bees f :i* we are     

propagat+ que5s1 prom95t among :i* are !
 orange-yell[ ,italians4 ,we confid5tly 
ass]t t we nev] saw or possess$ a m     
beautiful or h>dy /ra9 ( pure ,italian  
bees4  ,we %all run f\r sep>ate api>ies 
situat$ ab\t ?ree miles ap>t 9 ord] to  
keep ea* race /rictly pure4  ,we h set  
out "o hundr$ 8prickly comfrey0 plants1 
pur*as$ ( ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,todd (           
,philadelphia1 ,pa41 & %all ref] to !m  
aga9 lat] 9 ! season4 ,we h also s[n "o 
& a half acres ( ,bokh>a clov] = ! bees 
& x w pay our read]s to utilize e wa/e  
spot 7at lea/7 ) ei!r or bo? ( ! above4 
,increase 9 pa/urage means increase 9   
surplus honey4 ,x is n[ "t to prep>e = !
 com+ honey h>ve/ & inde$ 9 _m sections 
( ! c\ntry ! surplus boxes h be5 plac$ 9
 ! hives1 or ! honey extractor resort$  
to4 ,:5 ! colonies t are to be run =    
section honey become popul\s & beg9 to  
build :ite comb along ! edges ( ! top   
b>s1 & p]haps betwe5 ! combs1 x is well 
to place "o set ( sections on ! hives b 
!y %\ld h only ! am\nt ( surplus room t 

!y c utilize & o!r sections %\ld be add$
 z !y are ne$$4  ,a piece ( comb        
f\ndation "o-half ! size ( ! section1   
cut 9 ! %ape ( a triangle & atta*$ po9t 
d[nw>d1 w be a wond]ful help to ! bees &
 prove a pay+ inve/m5t to ! api>i/4  ,if
 "s colonies seem /rong b d n utilize ! 
sections readily1 j ex*ange _! empty    
sections ) p>tially fill$ sets 7bees &  
all7 f o!r colonies4 ,?is is a plan     
practis$ m ?an tw5ty-five ye>s ago by   
,mr4 ,alley & ,mr4 ,john ,j4 ,g\ld1     
=m]ly ( ,w5ham4 ,mr4 ,g4 0 at "o "t "o (
 ! l>ge/ beekeep]s 9 ?is ,/ate4  ,mr4   
,pond1 h[ev]1 cr$its a beekeep] 9 ,ma9e 
) be+ ! orig9ator ( ?is mo/ excell5t    
plan = induc+ ! bees to ent] ! sections4
  ,!re is "o disadvantage 9 connection )
 ?is practice t ,mr4 ,pond & o!rs fail  
to give4  ,x (t5 happ5s t :5 a colony at
 "w 9 ! sections is di/urb$1 ! que5s w  
run up into ! latt] & 9 ! removal may be
 lo/4 ,to prev5t ?is make z little      
di/urbance 9 ! transf]r+ z possible &   
smoke d[n1 into ! hive1 all ! bees t    

clu/] on ! tops ( ! frames4  ,! bees    
remov$ ) ! sections w n qu>rel ) _! new 
neighbors4  ,!re are _m items t w\ld    
prove int]e/+ to our read]s b we h      
already devot$ m space ?an we int5d$ to 
?is dep>tm5t & mu/ await ano!r          
opportunity4     ,,correspond5ce4   ,,! 
,,honey ,,extractor4  ,,fri5d ,,locke3  
,y\r beautiful book1 ,vols4 ,i & ,,ii ( 
! 8,am]ican ,apiculturi/10 is be=e me & 
its cont5ts not$4 ,x seems to fill !    
bill1 be+ replete ) items ( importance  
especially to ! m advanc$ api>i/4 ,:ile 
we _c =get ! labors ( a ,lang/ro?1 a    
,qu9by1 & a few o!r de> names1 y\r "w   
fills a m mod]n want1 & if y keep 9 view
 ! int]e/ ( honey produc]s1 z ,i d n    
d\bt y w1 y ought to meet ) success4 ,i 
h be5 9 ! bus9ess ( rais+ & m>ket+      
comb-honey ab\t #ce ye>s4 ,made a little
 at x once1 b ( late ye>s x h>dly pays4 
,! injudici\s use ( ! honey extractor   
has be5 a great damage to u z beekeep]s1
 & x is ! only ?+ ,i "k ( t c injure y\r
 success4 ,?is eng9e bee bus9ess is a   

mi/ake4 ,"s are clamor+ = a l>ge iron   
extractor1 t w extract n less ?an f\r   
combs 9 no "t4 ,i suppose _! reason = x 
is t ! l>v w n expire "u ! op]ation4 ,"s
 d n reli% l>val honey anyway1 & ,joseph
 pref]s quality to quantity1 nor does he
 believe x b5efits brood or comb to be  
viol5tly :irl$ 9 ! vortex ( dea?4  ,!y  
talk ab\t a glutt$ m>ket4 ,well6 well6  
honey is d[n & ! m\rn]s g ab\t ! /reets4
 ,:at %all we d8 ,create a home dem&8 ,i
 ?9k fri5d ,l4 ,c4 ,root has answ]$ ?is 
"q on page #dh1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 8,am]ican   
,apiculturi/0 :5 he says 8we mu/ devise 
"s means ( produc+ small] crops10 & ,i  
w\ld add )\t dim9i%+ our income t we    
annihilate ! extractor4 ,:at o!r me?od c
 we rationally adopt to curtail !       
quantity & enhance ! quality & ?us keep 
up a dem& at home & abroad8 ,self int]e/
 = "o is self int]e/ = all honey        
produc]s4 ,x is bett] to make a little  
pay ?an a good deal n pay4 ,i am n talk+
 = ! supply bus9ess2 if ,i 71 ,i %\ld   
und\bt$ly advocate ! extractor1 because 

:at bees x does n kill 9 ! l>val /ate   
are ha/5$ to an untimely dea? by a cruel
 & b>b>\s sy/em1 :i* creates a dem& =   
fre% victims1 fre% que5s & fre% work]s1 
s t n[ ! supply deal] alone makes any?+4
  ,:5 a law is pass$ by ! ,legislature  
aga9/ ! wick$ practice ( extract+ honey 
z n[ c>ri$ on1 x w be ! happie/ day t ! 
bee1 or ! beekeep] :o keeps bees =      
pr(it1 has se54 ,( c\rse ,i d n hope to 
d ju/ice to ?is "q 9 s %ort an article1 
b w\ld submit x to y\r ?\ghtful         
consid]ation z "o ( ! mo/ important     
que/ions t\*+ ! int]e/ ( ! ,am]ican     
beekeep]4      ,be g5tle ) ! little bee 
,:i* toils ! summ] day1     ,to br+ its 
treasures to y\r home     ,f e hidd5    
way4     ,! fragile insect ne$s ! c>e   
,& k9dness ( y\r he>t1     ,if y w\ld w9
 8 s]vices     ,to aid y 9 a />t4    ,j4
 ,c4 ,,cl>k4  ,ald51 ,n4 ,y41 ,apr4 #ae1
 #ahhe4   ,,*aff ,,hives ,,&            
,,de/ruction ,,( ,,brood4  ,,mr4        
,,editor3  ,i drop ^! few l9es to y to  
asc]ta9 :e!r ! 8,apiculturi/0 is oppos$ 

to publi%+ op9ions ( beekeep]s 9 reg>d  
to c]ta9 hives1 9 c]ta9 localities1 _!  
good & bad qualities1 etc4  ,i s5t ,a4  
,i4 ,root my op9ion ( ! *aff hive1 9 my 
locality1 h[ ,i lo/ my bees v ne>ly all 
"o season1 by us+ !m2 & ,i prov$ ! cause
 to be ! fault ( ! hive4#g ,i mu/ h be5 
"r1 or he w\ld c]ta9ly h publi%$ !      
article4 ,at lea/ ,i ?\ght ,i 01 s9ce he
 didn't publi% x1 :i* is ab\t two ye>s  
ago4 ,n[ he ought n to h be5 oppos$ to  
publi%+ my article1 because ,i h already
 read 9 ! ,glean+s1 :]e he said he 0    
always glad to h ! *ildr5 write pieces =
 x1 because1 z he says1 !y g5]ally speak
 _! m9d "r out1 no matt] :om x hits4    
,n[1 ,i am no *ild1 nor am ,i a         
pr(essional writ]2 b ,i consid] t my    
article 0 z well gott5 up z any *ild    
c\ld get "o up1 & x 0 j z pla9 spok5    
too1 z any article a *ild ev] wrote =   
,glean+s1 b x mu/ h hit 9 ! wrong place4
  ,n[1 ,mr4 ,editor1 if ! 8,am]ican     
,apiculturi/0 is conduct$ & run on su*  
selfi% motives1 ,i w\ld r h my money    

return$ ?an be consid]$ a subscrib]4  ,y
 are at lib]ty to publi% ?is if y *oose4
  ,sometime s9ce ,i saw an article 9 "o 
( ! bee j\rnals1 9 answ] to an inquiry z
 to ! reason :y a c]ta9 g5tleman's bees 
tore d[n _! work] brood & dragg$ x out4 
,! answ] t he receiv$ 0 ?is3 9 case !   
honey fl[ ceases sudd5ly1 ! bees w te>  
d[n _! work] brood & rid !mselves ( x to
 prev5t />vation :i*1 s f> z my exp]i5ce
 goes1 ,i h nev] f\nd to be ! case1     
al?\gh ,i h kn[n ! honey fl[ to cease v 
sudd5ly & v (t5 ) me4  ,:5 ! honey fl[  
sudd5ly ceases x is a v common ?+ to see
 ! bees dragg+ out drone brood2 b :5ev] 
,i see any ( my bees c>ry+ out _! work] 
brood ,i "k t t colony is tr\bl$ ) ! mo?
 7or wax7 worm4  ,i !n op5 ! hive &     
assi/ ! bees 9 ridd+ !mselves ( ! pe/s1 
& ,i h nev] yet fail$ to f9d ! latt]    
travell+ along j "u ! capp+s ( ! brood1 
:]e _! pres5ce is easily detect$ by :ite
 /reaks :i* are easily foll[$ ) ! head (
 a l>ge p9 or ! po9t ( a knife & ! worm 
remov$ )\t injur+ ! brood 9 ! lea/4  ,i 

suppose t ! bees1 9 _! ef=ts to secure &
 remove ! worms1 te> out "s ( ! work]   
brood4    ,j4 ,c4 ,,simmons4            
,pottsville1 ,pa4   ,,news ,,f ,,new    
,,york4  ,,fri5d ,,locke3  ,vols4 ,i &  
,,ii ( ! 8,api0 7b\nd 9 "o7 came to h& 9
 nice %ape4 ,its make-up is f> sup]ior  
to b\nd vols4 ( pap]s & magaz9es 9      
g5]al1 be+ free f adv]tisem5ts ?r\gh !  
body ( ! book4 ,9 fact "o c\ld h>dly    
tell t x 0 a magaz9e z x has a /rong    
appe>ance ( be+ compil$ expressly = book
 =m4 ,! me*anical "p ( ! "w is ahead (  
any volume on apiculture we "k (1 & (   
c\rse ! lit]>y "p is p> excell5ce1 com+ 
z x does f su* m5 z ,l4 ,c4 ,root1 ,a4  
,j4 ,cook1 ,j4 ,e4 ,pond1 ,ar?ur ,todd1 
etc41 etc4  ,no api>i/ :o wi%es to be up
 ) ! times c af=d to be )\t x4 ,x is an 
ornam5t to any libr>y4  ,! sn[ is all   
gone1 b ) ! exception ( a few days !    
wea!r has be5 cold & ,may #a & #b x     
froze q h>d 9 ! night4 ,! w9t] has be5  
sev]e4 ,! loss 9 bees 9 ?is c\nty is    
fully #ej p] c5t1 yet :at are left are 9

 fair condition4  ,clov] appe>s n to h  
be5 kill$ dur+ ! w9t] & ,i ?9k we may   
look = a fair crop ( honey if we c get  
our /ocks /rong en\gh to sw>m 9 "t4     
,wi%+ y success1 ,i rema9 y\rs truly1   
,c4 ,m4 ,,goodspe$4  ,?orn ,hill1 ,n4   
,y41 ,may #d1 #ahhe4   ,,new ,,york ,,& 
,,florida4  ,,de> ,,sir3  ,books1 pap]s 
& 8,apiculturi/0 receiv$4 ,?anks4  ,ow+ 
to ! cont9u$ cold wea!r 9 ,janu>y &     
,febru>y ! orange bloom is n at its     
prime yet at ?is date 7,m>* #aa71 s ,i w
 omit ! report ( its value z a honey    
produc] until next mon?4  ,! temp]ature 
= ,febru>y 0 yet l[] ?an = ,janu>y4 ,i h
 tak5 ?ree obs]vations daily = ! two    
mon?s4  ,= ,janu>y1 at #g ,a4 ,m41      
av]age = ! mon? #ee4 ,at #a ,p4 ,m41 9  
sun & cl\dy wea!r1 highe/ #gh1 at #h ,p4
 ,m41 #ed4 ,extreme temp]ature1 hotte/1 
#ih1 coole/ #cd4  ,= ,febru>y1 #g ,a4   
,m41 #dg1 #a ,p4 ,m4 9 sun1 #gi1 #h ,p4 
,m41 #ec4 ,highe/ above #ib1 l[e/1 #bh4 
,greate/ v>iation dur+ sev5 h\rs1 #eh4  
,febru>y at #g ,a4 ,m41 temp]ature only 

#g cold]2 at #a ,p4 ,m4 #a hott] & at #h
 ,p4 ,m41 #a cold]4  ,janu>y 0 v foggy &
 damp & mu* m uni=m 9 temp]ature ?an    
,febru>y4  ,bees "w e favorable day b no
 sw>m+ 9 ?is vic9ity ?is mon?4#h    ,c4 
,g4 ,,f]ris4  ,san=d1 ,fla41 ,m>* #aa1  
#ahhe4     ,,ex*anges4   ,,limitation   
,,( ,,! ,,visual ,,field ,,( ,,! ,,work]
 ,,honey-,,bee',s ,,ocelli4 ,,by ,,!    
,,rev4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,zabriskie4#i--,!       
honey-bee is a rem>kably hairy insect4  
,on ! head ! hairs are d5se1 & ( v>i\s  
l5g?s2 & !y cov] e "p1 ev5 ! comp\nd    
eyes & ! m&ibles4 ,! ant5n1 h[ev]1 are  
app>5tly smoo?1 hav+ only microscopic   
hairs2 & a pa? ?r\gh ! long hairs1 f ea*
 ocellus1 or simple eye1 directly       
outw>d1--to be describ$ m fully         
pres5tly1--is practically smoo?4  ,!    
ocelli are s situat$ t :5 ! bee is at   
re/ & ! face v]tical1 !y are directly on
 ! top ( ! head1 arrang$ z an equilat]al
 triangle1 & "o ocellus is direct$ to ! 
front1 "o to ! "r side1 & "o to !       
left#aj4  ,long1 bran*+ hairs on ! cr[n 

( ! head /& ?ick l a m9iature =e/1 s t  
an ocellus is sc>cely disc]nible except 
f a p>ticul> po9t ( view2 & !n ! obs]v] 
rem>ks an op5+ ?r\gh ! hairs--a cle>$   
pa?way1 z x 71 9 su* a =e/--& notes t ! 
ocellus1 look+ l a glitt]+ globe half   
imm]s$ 9 ! sub/ance ( ! head1 lies at ! 
inn] end ( ! pa?4 ,! op5+ connect$ ) !  
front ocellus exp&s =w>d f x l a funnel1
 ) an angle ( ab\t fifte5 degrees4 ,!   
side ocelli h pa?s m n>r[1 b op5+ m     
v]tically2 s t ! two toge!r comm& a     
field :i*1 ?\gh h$g$ 9 ant]iorly &      
po/]iorly1 embraces1 9 a plane          
transv]se1 ( c\rse1 to ! axis ( !       
insect's body1 an arc ( ne>ly "o hundr$ 
& eighty degrees4  ,^! pa?s ?r\gh !     
hairs appe> to me to be indications t ! 
ocelli are int5d$ = di/ant vision1      
al?\gh ! op9ion t ne> vision is _!      
function is held by em95t opticians4  ,!
 ocelli are ne>ly hemisph]ical1 & !     
diamet] ( ea* is ab\t fifte5 times t ( a
 facet ( ! comp\nd eye4 ,su* a =m ( l5s 
w\ld1 ,i w conc$e1 indicate = ^! organs 

a %ort focus1 & h5ce1 a fitness = ne>   
vision4  ,b if ! ocelli are int5d$ = ne>
 objects1 x is difficult to und]/& :y !y
 are surr\nd$ by a gr[? ( hair s d5se z 
to p]mit unob/ruct$ vision only 9 a v   
n>r[ field1 & :y !y are s plac$ on ! top
 ( ! head z to be deb>r$ f see+ any     
objects 9 ! neighborhood ( ! m&ibles & !
 proboscis1 ! ability to see :i* objects
 w\ld appe> to be v necess>y 9 ! con/ant
 & delicate labors ( ! work] honey-bee  
among ! fl[]s4  ,dr4 ,zabriskie exhibit$
 ! head ( ! work] honey-bee = ! purpose 
( illu/rat+ ! above rem>ks4 ,at !       
conclusion ( 8 obs]vations1 he add$3    
8,besides ! work] honey-bee1 ,i h br\ght
 = exhibition ! drone & ! que5 ( ! same 
species1 & ! que5-cells2 ! que5 (       
,bombus ,virg9icus1 "o ( our native     
humble-bees2 ! ,melissodes b9otata1 male
 & female2 ! ,melissodes pru9osa1 bo?   
sexes2 ! beautiful ,an?ophora disp>1    
male & female ( ,tunis1 ,africa2 & !    
celebrat$ little /+less bee ( ,abyss9ia1
 ! ,trigona ,becc>ii1 :i* lives 9 imm5se

 colonies1 & /ores l>ge quantities (    
honey4 ,! ,an?ophora disp> has a v long 
proboscis4 ,! possession ( su* a        
proboscis by our own bees w\ld add      
millions ( doll>s annually to ! weal? ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates40     ,,canadian        
,,dep>tm5t4  ,r4 ,f4 ,,holt]man1        
,,editor4   ,we h to report a v heavy   
loss2 at fir/ "o-?ird dead 0 suppos$ to 
cov] ! gr\nd1 b lat] reports w probably 
br+ x ne>] #ej p] c5t4 ,! losses may    
briefly be acc\nt$ =1 at lea/ l>gely3 by
 ! failure ( ! honey crop aft] clov]2   
consequ5t cessation ( bre$+ & old bees  
ready = w9t] qu>t]s2 an unusual         
consumption ( /ores 9 ! fall1 foll[$ by 
a sev]e w9t]4 ,m5 :o /imulat$ bre$+     
until a prop] season1 f$ suffici5t /ores
 ( ! "r k9d & at ! prop] "t1 & prop]ly  
pack$ _! bees outside or _h !m 9 good   
cell>s1 7 g5]ally successful4 ,exp]i5c$ 
beekeep]s h g5]ally be5 successful z !y 
"k & are c>eful ab\t gett+ ! prop]      
conditions = successful w9t]+4  ,m>t9   
,emyh1 ( ,holbrook1 w9t]$ #agh out (    

#ahj2 "o w9t] he lo/ none out ( #aej & 8
 success is fully z great 9 summ]       
managem5t4 ,he d\btless c\ld give mu*   
in=mation ( value b we seldom he> ( him 
9 public4  ,mo/ p>ties report bees to h 
di$ 9 ,m>* aft] ! sev]e/ wea!r _h pass$4
 ,is ?is n additional pro( t loss 0     
caus$ by ag$ bees go+ into w9t] qu>t]s &
 becom+ worn out1 & insuffici5cy (      
/ores8 ,"o report be=e me gives elev5   
/>v$ out ( ?irte54 ,bees 9 "s localities
 are do+ rem>kably well ?is spr+4 ,fre% 
honey is be+ /or$ 9 abundance1 combs    
hav+ honey f top to bottom1 & "h we feel
 confid5t "s ( our colonies1 unless !re 
is a sudd5 *ange 9 ! wea!r1 w require   
extract+ be=e ! end ( ! week & !        
prospects are t beekeep]s w reap an     
abundant h>ve/4  ,brant=d1 ,ont4        
,,book ,,notices ,,& ,,reviews4         
--8,money 9 ,potatoes0 is ! title ( a   
valuable & in/ructive little manual     
publi%$ by ! ,frankl9 ,news ,co4 (      
,phila41 ,pa41 :i* !y k9dly s5t u =     
review4   --,mr4 ,a4 ,i4 ,root ( ,m$9a1 

,ohio1 has also s5t u a potato book     
entitl$ ! ,a ,b ,c ( ,potato ,culture1  
writt5 by ,t4 ,b4 ,t]ry ( ,hudson1      
,ohio1 :i* is well illu/rat$ & pr9t$ 9  
good cle> type4   ,mr4 ,h5ry ,alley1 (  
,w5ham1 ,mass41 has submitt$ = review1 !
 pro( %eets ( ! late/ edition ( !       
8,beekeep]'s ,h&y ,book40 ,our reason = 
n wait+ until ! "w 0 complete 0 because 
x w be plac$ on ! m>ket at ab\t ! same  
"t t our subscrib]s receive _! j\rnal4  
,mr4 ,alley's =m] "w 0 an invaluable    
addition to bee lit]ature1 giv+ z x did1
 n only ! mo/ sci5tific1 sy/ematic &    
practical me?od ( rais+ que5 bees1 b    
also _m o!r items ( int]e/ & mu*        
valuable in=mation1 glean$ f an intimate
 acqua9tance ) beekeep+ ( ab\t          
tw5ty-sev5 ye>s4 ,! pres5t "w1 h[ev]1   
surpasses ! =m] 9 e respect1 & no       
beekeep] c af=d to d )\t x4  ,!         
in/ructions giv5 h be5 ?or\ghly te/$ by 
! au?or :o has made a success ( !       
bus9ess1 & ^! in/ructions are pres5t$ to
 ! read] 9 a simple matt]-(-fact way3   

,!y are1 9 fact1 ! concise description (
 ! e-day exp]i5ces1 = ne>ly tw5ty-sev5  
ye>s1 ( a ?or\ghly practical api>i/ :o  
has ma/]$ e bran* ( ! bus9ess4  ,?is "w 
conta9s ab\t #cjj pages1 & ne>ly "o     
hundr$ illu/rations4  ,:ile we h o!r    
valuable works on ,apiculture1 yet none 
( !m fill ! position occupi$ by ! 8,h&y 
,book10 & no matt] :at works "o may h   
?is "o %\ld be procur$1 z x w m ?an     
return its co/ ea* season4  ,! fir/ "p  
conta9s ab\t #age pages1 is devot$ to   
g5]al subjects ( apiculture1 :ile !     
second is devot$ to que5-re>+4  ,!      
au?or1 s to speak1 takes ! beg9n] out   
into 8 api>y & gives him j ! in=mation  
ne$$ to enable "o :o is almo/ :olly     
unacqua9t$ ) ! bees1 to comm5ce ?is /udy
 & cont9ue x ) a surety ( success4  ,he 
tells ! beg9n] 8h[ to />t an api>y10 h[ 
& :5 to select1 pack & remove _! bees1  
:5 to place ! section-boxes on1 h[ to   
prev5t bees f des]t+ surplus boxes on   
cool nights1 & h[ to /r5g!n weak        
colonies4  ,8 description ( sw>m+ & !   

prop] c>e & managem5t ( sw>ms is        
excell5t1 :ile t p]ta9+ to que5less     
colonies & _! c>e is v important &      
valuable4  ,! subject ( comb-f\ndation &
 its manufacture is complete &          
exhau/ive1 & is writt5 by "o ( ! be/    
manufactur]s ( comb-f\ndation 9 !       
c\ntry4  ,! *apt] on beehives1 _!       
con/ruction1 etc41 is entirely a new    
dep>ture1 & orig9al ) ?is "w4 ,a l>ge   
numb] ( ! be/ are illu/rat$ & describ$1 
also _! valuable features1 z claim$ by  
_! orig9ators4  ,! "w also conta9s a    
brief1 b int]e/+1 description 7) f9e    
illu/rations7 ( ! v>i\s honey produc+   
plants1 & also ! enemies ( bees4  ,!    
second "p1 :i* is devot$ to que5-re>+1  
has be5 revis$ & correct$1 & _m new &   
valuable illu/rations & items (         
in/ruction h be5 add$4  ,x is a "w t we 
c he>tily endorse & recomm5d z          
indisp5sable to e beekeep]4     ,,notes 
,,& ,,qu]ies4   --,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,%uck :o 
a %ort "t s9ce suff]$ a sev]e loss 9 !  
burn+ up ( 8 beehive /ock1 has j s5t u 8

 neat & attractive circul> /at+ t he is 
aga9 prep>$ = bus9ess4   --,we h j      
receiv$ f ,mr4 ,pryal ( ,temescal1      
,cal41 a complete file ( ! ,cali=nia    
,apiculturi/1 :i* we are pleas$ to add  
to our collection4 ,mr4 ,pryal w please 
accept our ?anks = ! same4   --,we %all 
issue our ,j\rnal f ,june to ,decemb] on
 ! #ae? ( ! mon?4   --,^? :o are s      
/rictly or?odox 9 _! op9ions1 especially
 :5 criticis+ o!rs1 %\ld rememb] t _!   
fir/ duty is to practise :at !y prea*1 z
 _! tea*+s w !n be productive ( good4   
--,we %all cont9ue to issue our ,j\rnal 
f ! ,salem ,press (fice1 b all          
communications %\ld be address$ to      
,w5ham1 ,mass41 & :5 s5d+ money d n =get
 to make all po/al notes or money ord]s 
payable on ,salem1 ,mass41 po/ (fice4   
--,we h j receiv$ a circul> & price li/ 
f ,mr4 ,b----1 :o is n[ 9 ,europe deal+ 
9 =eign que5s & bees4 ,! "* ( ! language
 & criticisms conta9$ !re9 w n w>rant u 
9 giv+ x a favorable notice4 ,manly     
criticism or c\nsel & advice1 or "o's   

op9ion express$ 9 k9dly language1 always
 dem&s respect2 b s9ce ,mr4 ,b---- has  
engag$ 9 ! sale ( ! ea/]n bees & que5s  
he has introduc$ "s f9ely drawn l9es (  
di/9ction betwe5 ! names giv5 to !      
diff]5t races ( bees f ! ,holy ,l&4     
,until lately we _h no tr\ble 9 und]/&+ 
:at 0 meant by ! t]ms ,holy ,l& bees1   
,syrian bees or ,pale/9e bees1 & 9 ord] 
t we may be set at rights aga9 w "s "o  
capable ( judg+ k9dly tell u :at        
c\ntries are includ$ )9 ! b\nd>ies ( !  
,holy ,l& 7n ,holy ,l& prop]47  ,mr4    
,b---- is n ev5 cont5t$ to e/abli% names
 ( 8 own b makes x a po9t to abuse all  
^? :o diff] f him4  ,we tru/ t he may   
yet le>n to all[ o!rs ! same fre$om 9   
express+ _! op9ions t he wi%es himself &
 !n ab/a9 f abus+ !m = s do+4   --,we h 
j receiv$ f ,f4 ,d4 ,wellcome ( ,pol&1  
,ma9e1 ! f9e/ lot ( r$ raspb]ry plants t
 we ev] saw1 !y c]ta9ly d him cr$it4    
--,z we are n[ publi%+ #e1jjj copies p] 
mon? ( our ,j\rnal1 adv]tis]s w d well  
to give x a trial4   --,use e ef=t to "w

 up a home dem& = y\r honey ?is season z
 9 mo/ cases x w pay mu* bett] ?an s5d+ 
x to city m>kets4   --,read all our club
 (f]s = ?is mon? c>efully & if y %\ld   
receive m ?an "o copy ( our ,j\rnal     
k9dly h& ! o!r to y\r neighbor4 ,x may d
 him "s good & x w help u4  ,bett]      
*ances 7 nev] (f]$ to secure fir/-class 
goods *eap ?an w be f\nd 9 our club li/4
   --,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,cl>k submits 8       
communication to u = consid]ation1 & we 
w\ld /ate t :ile ! extractor 9 ! h&s (  
an inexp]i5c$ api>i/ or by injudici\s   
use w d\btless prove a great injury1 yet
 we consid] x "o ( ! mo/ valuable       
implem5ts 9 a well conduct$ api>y4  ,!  
tr\ble ) ! 8glutt$0 honey m>ket comes1 n
 f ! use ( ! honey extractor1 or !      
ov]-production ( honey1 b f a lack (    
prop] k & means ( creat+ a dem&4 ,z a   
rule we d n consid] x be/ to extract    
honey f combs conta9+ unseal$ l>v1 b "o 
mu/ be gov]n$ by 8 k ( & exp]i5ce 9 ?is 
bus9ess4  ,we c\ld n be hir$ to d )\t ! 
extractor = _m reasons4  ,we %\ld be    

pleas$ to he> f ,mr4 ,dadant on ?is     
subject1 z he uses ! extractor          
ext5sively4   ,a few days s9ce :ile we 7
 busy at ! desk1 ,mr4 ,alley call$ u out
 into ! api>y to witness a sw>m ( bees  
issu+ f a hive t 0 provid$ ) "o ( 8     
drone traps4 ,x 0 v amus+ & int]e/+ to  
wat* ! honey-lad5 bees ru% pell-mell out
 ?r\gh ! p]=at$ metal entrance giv+     
conclusive evid5ce t ! p]=ations 7 amply
 l>ge to freely admit a work] bee lad5  
ei!r ) poll5 or honey4  ,soon ! que5    
unable to =ce h] way ?r\gh at ! entrance
 pass$ into ! trap4 ,z soon z ! majority
 ( ! bees _h pass$ out we remov$ ! drone
 trap1 fa/5$ x to ! end ( a long pole & 
re/$ x aga9/ a small tree ne> by4 ,9 a  
%ort "t ! bees1 discov]+ _! que5 9 !    
trap1 clu/]$ ^u x4  ,:5 ! bees _h become
 quiet we remov$ ! trap to a conv5i5t   
%ady spot ne> by & lay+ x on its side   
plac$ ov] x "o ( ! sw>m+ boxes1 cov]+ ! 
box ) a bo>d s z to cov] ! wire clo? &  
make x d>k )9 ! box4  ,we !n left ! sw>m
 9 t condition = ab\t six h\rs 9 ord] to

 exp]im5t ) x & le>n :e!r ! que5 w\ld   
=ce h] way out4  ,9 ! e>ly ev5+ we      
exam9$ ! sw>m & f\nd t ! que5 0 out     
among ! bees 9 ! sw>m+ box1 & f\nd t z !
 trap 0 laid on its side ! bees t fill$ 
! trap =m$ a bridge ov] :i* ! que5 c\ld 
pass ?r\gh ! wire tube ?r\gh :i* %e     
pass$ into ! trap4  ,?is is a valuable  
feature ( ! trap because if "o _c always
 be at h& to att5d to ! sw>ms1 ! que5   
aft] ab\t six h\rs w f9d h] way back    
into ! hive aga91 ?us prev5t+ ei!r h]   
loss or t ( ! bees4  ,we h _h           
consid]able exp]i5ce ) hiv+ sw>ms1 b    
nev] p]=m$ ! task ) su* ease or s       
spe$ily z we c ) ! drone trap4 ,we c    
he>tily endorse x z invaluable to !     
beekeep] ev5 = ?is "o purpose alone4    
,we %all exp]im5t fur!r ) ! trap & give 
! results4   --,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,goodri* (  
,ea/ ,h>dwick1 ,v]mont1 has s5t u "s mo/
 excell5t comb f\ndation4 ,! ?9 =       
sections 0 especially f9e4   --,= #c4jj 
ca% we w s5d ! 8,am]ican ,apiculturi/0  
"o ye> & "o ( our f]tiliz+ hives conta9+

 f\r combs ) brood & "o-half p\nd ( bees
 & a *oice select$ que5--! hive w also  
be suppli$ ) "o ( our cone fe$]s4 ,) ?is
 small nucleus colony "o c re> a numb] (
 que5s dur+ ! season & x w be a great   
help 9 le>n+ que5-re>+4   --,adv]tis]s w
 please notice ! *ange 9 our rates1 #ae 
c5ts p] l9e ea* ins]tion4 ,!re are ab\t 
sev5 words to ! l9e1 & twelve l9es to ! 
in*4 ,9 s5d+ copy always write x on "o  
side ( a sep>ate %eet ( pap] & be v     
p>ticul> to h ! names1 addresses1 etc41 
v pla94  ,p>ties unkn[n to u mu/ s5d ca%
 ) ! ord]4  ,all copy = adv]tisem5ts &  
manuscript mu/ rea* u by ! fir/ ( !     
mon?1 if !y are to appe> 9 ! foll[+     
numb] :i* we %all issue on ! #ae? ( !   
mon? until ,decemb]4     ,,lett] ,,box4 
,des ,mo9es1 ,ia4  ,,de> ,,sir3  ,am 9  
receipt ( ,vols4 #a  #b ( ! 8,am]ican   
,apiculturi/0 h&somely b\nd 9 clo? ) an 
enorm\s gold5 bee on ! front cov]4      
,happy bee6 to ?us repose ^u a          
production t has sprung up "u ! skies ( 
,qu9by1 ,c>ey1 ,p>sons1 ,elwood1 ,alley1

 ,he!r+ton1 ,doolittle1 ,l4 ,c4 ,root1 &
 a ho/ ( nor!a/]n beekeep]s :o h honor$ 
! call+4  ,! attractiv5ess ( ! book &   
its practical tea*+ %\ld f9d = x a ready
 sale4    ,j4 ,m4 ,,%uck4     ,willam9a1
 ,y>nhill ,co41 ,ore4   ,april #bb1     
#ahhe4  ,s4 ,m4 ,,locke1 ,,sir3  ,i h j 
receiv$ y\r fir/ & second volumes b\nd  
toge!r 9 clo?1 & mu/ say t x exce$s my  
greate/ expectations4 ,e beekeep] %\ld h
 x4    ,,frank ,s4 ,,h>d+1  ,pres4 ( !  
,willamette ,valley ,b4 ,a4    ,ox=d1   
,butl] ,co41 ,ohio4  ,,de> ,,sir3       
,vols4 #a  #b ( ! 8,apiculturi/0        
receiv$1 & aft] c>efully exam9+ its     
cont5ts1 ,i h no hesitancy 9 pron\nc+ x 
fully up to any bee j\rnal publi%$4 ,its
 contributors are fir/-class1 & %[ by _!
 articles t !y are m5 ( ability4 ,i     
highly approve ( y\r treatm5t &         
condemnation ( fraud 9 e %ape4 ,i am    
pleas$ to meet ) ! famili> face ( our   
old fri5d ,mr4 ,lang/ro? 9 ,vol4 #b4 ,he
 lives )9 #bjj y>ds ( me1 & is "o ( !   
de>e/ old m5 ,i ev] knew4 ,a p]son has  

only to "k him to appreciate 8 wor?4    
,d4 ,a4 ,,mccord4  ,battle ,gr\nd1      
,ind41 ,april #ac1 #ahhe4  ,de> ,sir3   
,! 8,am4 ,apiculturi/0 came safe to h&1 
& hav+ exam9$ its cont5ts1 or r ! head+s
 ( ! major "p ( ! book1 ,i pron\nce x ne
 plus ultra4 ,x %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e     
respectable beekeep] ( our broad l&1 x  
be+ complete & full ( mo/ useful k4 ,)  
_m ?anks ,i am1 sir1 v truly y\rs 9     
frat]nal bonds ( apiculture4  ,p4 ,s4 ,i
 truly wi% y success1 9 all t is good & 
honorable1 & %all try to furni% an      
occasional article = ! ,am4             
,apiculturi/4 ,please f9d ?is my second 
contribution to same4 ,if acceptable y  
are at lib]ty to publi%4 ,tru/+ !       
8,apiculturi/0 may live long & prosp]1  
,i am z ev]1    ,j4 ,m4 ,,hicks4        
,brant=d1 ,june #d1 #ahhe4  ,,fri5d     
,,locke3  ,i see by ! la/ numb] ( !     
8,apiculturi/0 mu* new & valuable       
in=mation f ,engl& & ,g]many4 ,la/ fall 
,i le>n$ ?r\gh a ,g]man j\rnal t !      
poison ( ! honey bee 0 utiliz$ 9 cur+   

honey4  ,a ?\ght sugge/$ itself to me   
:i* ,i hop$ ere n[ ,i %\ld h be5 9 a    
position to practically te/1 b          
circum/ances h be5 unfavorable & p]haps 
y "k ( "s "o :o w\ld take an int]e/ 9 ! 
matt]4  ,i int5d$ tak+ a /rong colony & 
fe$+ !m1 say #c lbs4 ( syrup p] day &   
all[ ! bees to seal ?is & extract )     
great c>e4 ,!n fe$ ! same colony #be    
lbs4 9 a day ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs 7& x c be 
done7 & aft] x has be5 seal$ extract z  
be=e1 dur+ hot wea!r1 & aga9 lat] 9 !   
season1 giv+ f\r di/9ct exp]im5ts1 & !n 
te/ ! v>i\s syrups = diff]5ce1 if any1 (
 quantity ( poison conta9$ 9 /ores4 ,if 
a m>k$ diff]5ce occurr$ aft] repeat$    
exp]im5t+ ! matt] might be wor?y (      
consid]ation & ?us "o reason :y /ores   
put 9 late are n z good z ^? giv5 e>li]4
  ,i mu/ say a man mu/ be too mu* ( an  
en?usia/ if he consid]s1 z _m appe> to1 
t any "o condition1 if fulfill$1 w      
insure p]fect success 9 w9t]+4 ,d\btless
 mu* is to be le>n$ 9 w9t]+1 & !ories   
advanc$ w (t5 be ano!r /ep t[>ds        

success4 ,if we only act$ ?or\ghly up to
 our pres5t k & 7 m c>eful1 ! p]c5tage (
 loss w\ld d\btless be wond]fully r$uc$4
    ,y\r bro!r beekeep]1   ,r4 ,f4      
,,holt]man4  ,we are pleas$ ) ,mr       
,holt]man's sugge/ions1 &1 if possible1 
w make "s te/s1 z ?is matt] is ( m vital
 importance to beekeep]s ?an !y are     
aw>e4 ,we %all ref] to ?is aga9 9 ! ne> 
future4  ,mr4 ,holt]man has t\*$ ! "r   
key2 we mu/ h m c>eful exp]im5t+ ) a    
view to solv+ "s ( ! my/]ies t n[       
surr\nd apiculture1 & we tru/ t o!rs (  
our read]s & beekeep+ fri5ds w (f] l    
sugge/ions & also assi/ u 9 mak+ ! te/s4
 ,x w pay y well to d s1 & we c by ?is  
means help ea* o!r v mu*4--,,ed4        
,,footnotes3  #a ,read at ! ,beekeep]s' 
,congress1 at ,new ,orleans4  #b ,if our
 fri5d w visit u we w %[ him colonies ( 
,italians t c be exam9$ )\t fe> ( /+s1 &
 ?is ) nei!r smoke nor                  
protection4--,,ed4  #c ,:5 work+ = comb 
honey1 ,i return all ( my sw>ms s t ,i  
get no increase t season4--,d4 ,f4 ,l4  

#d ,d\btless our read]s w\ld be pleas$  
to he> f fri5d ,la%i] aga91 & we tru/ t 
he w favor u ) ! article4--,,ed4  #e    
,nature has wisely ord]$ x t g5]ally    
only "o-?ird ( ! bees 9 a colony fly out
 to ! fields1 s t ! colony w\ld n p]i%  
ev5 if all ! abs5t bees 7 lo/ ?r\gh "s  
mi%ap4  #f ,lit]ally magaz9e or wave    
h\se hive4--,r4 ,f4 ,h4  #g ,we are     
unable to decide to :at ext5t ! 8,*aff  
,hive0 0 liable = ! loss ( our fri5d's  
bees1 z q frequ5tly ! lack ( a ?or\gh k 
( beekeep+ w result 9 loss ( que5s or   
bees :i* is attribut$ to ! hive or      
deal]4  ,our fri5d c]ta9ly has a "r to  
speak & ! columns ( ! 8,apiculturi/0 are
 always op5 to ^? :o wi% to express     
op9ions1 s long z !y d s 9 a fair1 manly
 way4--,,ed4  #h ,by mi/ake ?is         
communication1 :i* %\ld h appe>$ 9 our  
la/1 0 ov]look$ & z x conta9s valuable  
items we give x 9 ?is numb]4--,,ed4  #i 
,?is pap] 0 read at a meet+ ( ! ,new    
,york ,microscopical ,society1 ,m>* #f1 
#ahhe4  #aj ,! ocelli are simple eyes or

 l5ses1 set betwe5 ! comp\nd eyes1 z    
additional organs ( vision4 ,^! organs  
are possess$ by all insects :i* h       
comp\nd eyes4--,,ed4   ,transcrib]'s    
,note3  ,obvi\s pr9t] errors correct$   
sil5tly4  ,inconsi/5t spell+ &          
hyph5ation are z 9 ! orig9al4