,illu/ration3 ,,begonia ,,xan?9a4       
,,! ,,flori/                        ,,& 
,,horticultural ,,j\rnal4               
,vol4 ,,ii4      ,philadelphia1 ,july1  
#ahec4      ,no4 #g4     ,,begonia      
,,xan?9a4  ,,yell[-,,fl[]$ ,,begonia4   
,begoniace4--,moncia-,pol&ria4          
,,*>ac4 ,,g5]4--,flores monoici4 ,,masc4
 ,p]igonii tetraphylli     foliolis     
subrotundis1 #d ext]ioribus majoribus4  
,/am9a     plurima2 filam5tis           
brevissimis lib]is v4 basi-connatis1    
an!ris extrorsis bilocul>ibus1 loculis  
l9e>ibus discretis1     connectivi      
cont9ui obtusi m>g9i adnatis            
longitud9alit]     dehisc5tibus4 ,,fem4 
,p]igonii tubo tript]o cum ov>io        
connate1     limbi sup]i #d-i-p>titi    
p]si/5tis lobis pluris]iatim            
imbricatis4 ,ov>ium int]um trilocul>e4  
,ovula 9 plac5tis     e loculorum angulo
 c5trali bilamellatis plurima anatropa4 
,/yli #c bifidi /igmatihus crassis      
flexuosis v4 capitatis4     ,capsula    
membranaceo-trialata trilocul>is        

loculicide trivalvis4     ,sem9a plurima
 m9ima /riata4 ,embryo 9 axi album9is   
c>nosi     or?otropus4      ,h]b 9 ,asia
 et ,am]ica tropica indig51 foliis      
alt]nis     petiolatis integris v4      
palmatilobis basi saepecordatis         
9quilat]is integ]rimis d5tatis v4       
mucronatos]rutis     /ipulis lat]alibus 
membranaceis deciduis1 cymis            
axill>ibus p$unculatis di*otomis        
floribus albis roseis v4     rub9cundis4
      ,,*>act4 ,,specif4--,b4 acaulis1  
rhizomate brevi crasso subtus           
radicante1 foliis amplis oblique        
cordato-ovatis brevi     acum9atis      
s9uatis d5ticulatis subtus discoloribus 
7rubris7     petiolis aggregatis crassis
 folium subaequantibus rubris           
/ipulatis cr9itis1 setis pat5tibus      
int]ioribus reflexis1     scapo petiolis
 duplo longiore1 floribus nutantibus    
corymbosis     flavis1 masculis         
tetrasepalis1 sepalis #e                
oblongo-cuneatis unico     majore       
rotundato magis concavo1 foem9is triplo 

m9oribus     hexasepalis1 sepalis       
qualibus ovali-rotundatis1 fructus alis 
duabus brevibus unica horizontalit]     
elongata /riata4 ,,hook4                
,begonia xan?9a1 ,,hook1 ,bot4 ,mag4 t4 
#dfhc4  ,al?\gh _m diff]5t species ( ?is
 valuable g5us h be5 discov]$ up to ?is 
"t1 we h _h only ^? ) :ite or r$ fl[]s4 
,b4 c9nab>9a ) its orange r$ fl[]s 0 an 
approa* to :at we n[ figure--! ,begonia 
xan?9a4 ,b ev5 ! yell[ ( ?is is %ad$ ) !
 r$ :i* prevails 9 a great] or less     
degree 9 ! fl[]s or leaves1 & /alks (   
all ! g5us4  ,?is species1 :i* fl[]$ 9  
,july1 #aheb1 9 ! collection ( ,mr4     
,nuttall1 at ,ra9hill1 ,l9coln%ire1 0   
receiv$ by him 9 #ahej1 f ! ,bootan     
,himalayas1 hav+ be5 s5t !nce by 8      
nephew1 ,mr4 ,boo?4  ,x may be "s "t    
be=e ?is beautiful plant is import$ into
 ?is c\ntry2 b we "k t our ent]priz+    
nurs]ym5 & amateurs w obta9 x z soon z x
 f9ds its way into ! h&s ( ! trade 9    
,europe4   ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,cultivation4  
,few plants h a great] claim on !       

,am]ican plant gr[] ?an ! ,begonia4 ,x  
has be5 too mu* ! habit to sigh aft]1 & 
bewail ! want ( 8,*iswick ,hea?s10 & o!r
 ?+s :i* d n d well 9 ,am]ica1 to !     
manife/ neglect ( _m beautiful ?+s :i*  
d4 ,x is "t we _h ceas$ to be ! m]e     
copyi/s ( ,engli% horticulture4 ,we h s 
rapidly advanc$1 t we %\ld aim at an    
indep5d5ce t c be a*iev$2 &1 z 9        
gov]nm5t s 9 g>d5+1 take our place z "o 
( ! horticultural 8nations ( ! e>?40 ,we
 h be5 a 8colony ( ,*iswick & ,ed9boro10
 8,p>is & ,gh5t0 hi!rto2 we h exp]i5c$  
on e occasion slights & neglects2 :atev]
 we d is pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce1 & :atev] we
 discov] rema9s unnotic$ or is scorn$4  
,^! are "s ( our grievances4 ,all our   
horticultural pap]s h tak5 up ! subject 
9 turn1 & press$ our claims on ,engli%  
j\rnali/s2 b h[ h !y be5 met8 ,a private
 lett] on ! success ( "o individual     
plant has be5 publi%$ 9 "o magaz9e2 &   
two hybrid ,peonys h be5 nam$ 9 ,belgium
 9 honor ( ,am]icans4 ,p]haps once a ye>
 a %ort extract 9 ! ,revue horticole on 

,=sy?ia viridissima f ! ,horticulturi/2 
or1 a notice 9 ! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle ( h[
 to pres]ve ,tomatoes f ,hovey's        
,magaz9e4 ,we mu/ h done ) :9+ &        
compla9+ ab\t ^! ?+s4 ,let u /rike out  
new c\rses = ourselves4 ,we may nev]    
hope to excel !m 9 ,hea?s1 ,pansies1    
,calceol>ias1 or _m o!r ?+s1 z a g5]al  
rule1 nor is x desirable we %\ld4 ,let  
!m boa/ ( _! excell5ce2 we w raise ano!r
 /&>d4  ,! ,,begonia is peculi>ly adapt$
 to become su* a plant z ,i h describ$4 
,requir+ 9 ,engl& a moi/ & v artificial 
atmosph]e1 x does n make any v great    
progress 9 popul> e/imation4 ,"h x      
?rives ) v common c>e2 all do+ 9 a      
gre5h\se #i mon?s 9 ! ye>2 & _m do+ well
 9 ! op5 air1 if 9 a some:at %ad$       
situation4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p natives ( 
,brazil or ,mexico4  ,to cultivate !m   
successfully we mu/ divide !m into two  
classes3--! tub]\s root$1 & ! %rubby4   
,ea* ( ^! w require sep>ate treatm5t4 ,!
 foll[+ k9ds are among/ ! be/ 9         
cultivation1 ei!r "h1 or 9 ,engli%      

g>d5s1 f :5ce !y c be easily procur$4   
,,tub]\s ,,root$4  #a4 ,b4 discolor or  
,evansiana1 native ( ,*9a1 ) p9ki% :ite 
fl[]s1 may be _h 9 bloom f ,may to      
,octob]4  #b4 c9nab>9a1 f ,bolivia1 deep
 p9k or c9nab>1 f ,june to ,octob]4  #c4
 ,m>tiana1 f ,brazil1 deep p9ky rose1 f 
,july to ,octob]4  #d4 dipt]a1 ,cape (  
,good ,hope1 :iti%1 ,june to ,augu/4    
#e4 ,b>k]i1 ,mexico1 dull :ite1 ,febru>y
 to ,decemb]4  ,^! require to be kept r 
dry & cool 9 ! w9t] season4 ,no4 #e4 may
 be _h 9 fl[] all ! ye>1 by hav+ sev]al 
pots1 & keep+ !m dry at diff]5t p]iods4 
,e>ly 9 spr+ ! tub]s may be pott$ 9 #f  
94 pots1 9 a soil compos$ ( well-decay$ 
leaf m\ld1 loam1 & s&4 ,!y require      
little wat] till ! leaves appe>1 :5 !y w
 take an abundance4 ,!y may be =w>d$ 9 a
 little heat1 b w d pretty well if all[$
 to come along ) ! season4 ,!y are      
easily propagat$ f _! tub]s1 by cutt+s1 
or by se$s4   ,,%rubby ,,or ,,fibr\s    
,,root$4  #a4 ,b4 nitida1 native (      
,jamaica1 ) p9ki% :ite fl[]s1 & l>ge1   

?ick1 %9+ leaves4 ,may be _h 9 bloom all
 ! ye>1 & made into h&some specim5s4    
#b4 ,b4 spa?ulata1 ano!r ,we/ ,indian1 )
 a v erect habit ( gr[?4 ,! leaves are  
fold$ 9 l spoons1 & ! small :ite fl[]s  
appe> at ! ends ( ! "y gr[?4 ,x fl[]s f 
,augu/ to ,decemb]1 & is b an av]age    
k9d4  #c4 ,b4 odorata1 a ,brazilian k9d 
alli$ to ! la/1 b has a f9e foliage1    
resembl+ nitida1 ! fl[]s came out l !   
la/ f ,augu/ to ,decemb]1 are mu* l>g] &
 sweet sc5t$4  #d4 ,b4 hirtella1 a      
,brazilian species1 ) a r />v$ look+    
habit ( gr[?1 b an abundance ( small1   
p9ky :ite fl[]s1 appe>+ f ,june to      
,decemb]4  #e4 ,b4 ulmifolia1 a ,s\?    
,am]ican1 ) elm l leaves1 b ( no great  
beauty ( fl[]4 ,only desirable to =m a  
collection4  #f4 ,b4 argyro/igma1 a     
,brazilian species1 ) curi\sly spott$   
leaves1 :i* is its *ief attraction4 ,!  
fl[]s appe> f ,june to ,decemb]4 ,x is a
 v /rong gr[]--occupies mu* room4  #g4  
,b4 hydrocotylifolia1 a ,brazilian      
pretty species4 ,x is h]bace\s1 or has  

its leaves f a rhizoma creep+ on !      
surface4 ,its p9k fl[]s1 borne on scapes
 ab\t a foot high1 appe> f ,febru>y to  
,may4  #h4 ,b4 p>vifolia1 a native ( !  
,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,x has v small     
leaves1 gr[s ab\t #b feet high1 & is    
always 9 fl[]4 ,a :ite fl[]+ & desirable
 k9d4  #i4 ,b4 albo-cocc9ea1 a ,we/     
,indian4 ,its oblique leaves are almo/  
r\nd1 are v l>ge & ?ick1 & ( a deep r$  
b5ea?4 ,! fl[]s appe> f ,febru>y to     
,may2 :ite on ! inside1 & sc>let on !   
back4 ,! be/ ( ! rhizoma produc+ k9ds4  
#aj4 ,b4 nomonyma1 a ,brazilian species1
 9 ! way ( ,b4 manicata1 ) small :ite   
fl[]s1 cont9u+ f ,july to ,novemb]4     
#aa4 ,b4 ca/anefolia4 ,! specim5s t ,i h
 se5 gr[+ are s l ,b4 ulmifolia1 t ,i h 
ei!r n se5 ! true species or !y are bo? 
! same4  #ab4 ,b4 ,fis*]i1 a r sc>ce    
,brazilian species1 b "o ( ! mo/        
desirable1 approa*+ ,b4 inc>nata4 ,9 !  
spr+ mon?s x is cov]$ ) its num]\s p9k  
or :ite fl[]s4  #ac4 ,b4 inc>nata1 a    
,s\? ,am]ican1 t %\ld be ,no4 #a 9 all  

collections4 ,its p9k fl[]s may be _h   
ne>ly all ! ye>4  #ad4 ,b4 cocc9ea1     
ano!r fir/ rate ,brazilian4 ,a /rong    
gr[]1 cov]$ ) spikes ( sc>let fl[]s f   
,april to ,july4  #ae4 ,b4 manicata1 f  
,brazil4 ,a f9e species :5 well gr[n1   
?\gh ! individual fl[]s are indiff]5t4  
,! leaves are di/+ui%$ by a production  
resembl+ ! claws ( a mole on _! "u      
surface4 ,fl[]s 9 w9t] & spr+4  #af4 ,b4
 fu*soides1 a well kn[n species f ,new  
,gr5ada1 ) fu*sia l foliage1 & sc>let   
fl[]s1 appe>+ f ,june to ,septemb]1 a   
/rong gr[] & f9e k9d4  ,! species ( ?is 
division are readily propagat$ f cutt+s 
( ! half rip5$ wood1 put 9 s&1 & plung$ 
9 a slight bottom heat4 ,!y are liable  
to damp (f if kept too close4 ,inde$ if 
!y are 9 a situation some:at %ad$ !y w d
 bett] )\t ! usual accompanim5t ( a bell
 glass4 ,!y w gr[ well 9 a soil ( s&y   
loam & leaf m\ld4 ,!y %\ld nev] be gr[n 
9 v l>ge pots2 or1 9 ! language (       
g>d5]s1 %\ld be always "u pott$4 ,:5    
gr[+ fa/ !y take a good supply (        

moi/ure2 love a moi/ atmosph]e & frequ5t
 applications ( ! syr+e1 & may be plac$ 
9 ! full light4 ,if a moi/ atmosph]e _c 
be ma9ta9$1 !y w d bett] 9 a %ad$ "p ( !
 gre5 h\se4 ,! *ief ?+ to gu>d aga9/1 is
 _! damp+ (f2 small1 well dra9$ pots are
 ! securities4 ,:5 !y are n gr[+ !y w   
live & d bett] ) v little wat]4 ,!y are 
easily rais$ f se$1 s[n on ! surface ( !
 soil 9 pans1 & plac$ 9 a w>m %ad$      
place1 ) ! only att5tion ( nev] be+     
all[$ to get dry4 ,"s f9e v>ieties1 ,i  
believe1 h be5 lately rais$ by hybridiz+
 9 ,europe4 ,x op5s a f9e field4  ,i ?9k
 ! rem>k ( ! ,cal5d> writ] 9 ! la/ ,no4 
wor?y ( repetition2 t ! ,horticultural  
,society w\ld d well to enc\rage ! gr[? 
( ! ,begonia by a premium4              
,a ,,philadelphia ,,g>d5]4     ,,!      
,,auricula4   ,de> ,sir3  ,all[ me to   
draw ! att5tion ( y\r read]s to t mu*   
neglect$ b truly desirable class ( fl[]s
 ! ,auricula4 ,!re appe>s to be a g5]al 
idea prevail+ among/ _m p]sons t        
consid]able difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9    

cultivat+ ?is lovely gem 9 our climate4 
,?is notion is c]ta9ly errone\s1 & !    
object ( ! foll[+ rem>k is to %[ h[ ?is 
may be accompli%$4 ,! ,auricula1        
7,primula auricula17 is "o ( ! v num]\s 
species ( ,primrose1 & no mean species  
ei!r4 ,l9naeus claims ?is g5us =        
,p5t&ria monogynia1 & x =ms ! type ( !  
natural ord] ,primulace4 ,our pres5t    
subject is indig5\s to ! alp9e di/ricts 
( ! ,european cont95t1 ,syria1 &        
occasionally is f\nd 9 ! same situations
 9 ,brita91 ?\gh r>e4 ,its "n ,auricula 
has be5 appli$ f ! suppos$ resemblance (
 ! =m ( ! leaves1 to ! e> ( an animal1 &
 h5ce ! vulg> cognom5 8,be>'s ,e>s10 a  
"n some:at revolt+ to ! ta/e ( "s ( our 
delicate & s5sitive belles1 b q 9 "* ) !
 qua9t & unc\?1 yet intellig5t &        
en?usia/ic class ( individuals1 ) :om x 
orig9at$4 ,9 a wild /ate1 ! col\rs are  
yell[1 purple1 & v>iegat$1 & ,i am      
incl9$ to ?9k1 9 opposition to !        
ackn[l$gem5t ( "s botani/1 t two or ?ree
 :i* are consid]$ z di/9ct species1 are 

no?+ m ?an v>ieties ( ?is1 if s we may  
include :ite also4 ,h&some z ! diff]5t  
v>ieties ( ?is fl[] appe> naturally1 !  
claim to beauty has be5 s mu* enhanc$1  
by ! p]sev]ance & en?usiasm ( ! flori/'s
 fo/]+ c>e1 = ! la/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 t 
at l5g?1 x has assum$ a p]fect symmetry 
( outl9e & m>k+1 :i* r5d]s x truly a    
gem4 ,7 x only = ! peculi>ly ri* odor ( 
! fl[]s1 x des]ves a place 9 e g>d51 b  
:5 we comb9e ?is ) ! ev]gre5 & neat     
habit ( ! plant1 & ! exquisite beauty ( 
! fl[]1 x seems /range z ! cultivation  
is s easy1 t x is n m g5]ally se51 ev5  
:at is gr[n are mo/ly v>ieties ( no     
pret5sion to p]fection1 b simply a /ep  
or two remov$ f ! natural /ate4  ,!     
,auricula is divid$ by flori/s into f\r 
classes1 viz1 gre5 edg$1 gray edg$1 :ite
 edg$1 & selfs1 ! edg$ classes be+ mo/ly
 e/eem$ z exhibition fl[]s1 al?\gh !    
selfs are tol]at$ & enc\rag$4 ,!re are  
also1 sev]al d\ble v>ieties1 b ^! are n 
consid]$ equally valuable1 yet !y are   
well wor?y ( att5tion4  ,! foll[+       

crit]ia con/itute :at is consid]$ to be 
! ma9 po9ts ( excell5ce 9 a prize       
,auricula4 ,! /em %\ld be /rong1 erect1 
& high en\gh to raise ! truss ( fl[]s   
above ! foliage4 ,! individual foot/alk1
 suffici5tly /rong to support ! fl[]1 & 
( a proportional l5g? to ! numb] ( pips1
 s t !y may n cr[d ea* o!r1 & :i* %\ld n
 be less ?an sev5 9 numb]1 t ! truss may
 be close & compact1 & =m some:at a half
 globe4 ,! tube conta9+ ! an!rs1 ! eye1 
& ! ext]ior circle1 ought to be well    
proportion$1 :i* w be ! case if !       
diamet] ( ! tube be "o "p1 ! eye ?ree1 &
 ! :ole pip six or sev54 ,if edg$ ! m>g9
 %\ld be ab\t equal ) ! next inn]       
circle4 ,! edges ought to be smoo?1 hav+
 no s]rature1 s z to appe> />ry1 & !    
limb or upp] surface1 flat & ev54 ,!    
ne>] ! outl9e approa*es to a p]fect     
circle ! bett]1 al?\gh ! v be/ fl[]s d n
 q come up to ?is po9t z yet4 ,:atev] ! 
col\rs1 !y %\ld be cle>1 bold1 & di/9ct1
 & divid$ 9 a p]fect circle1 or ! d>k   
m>k+s =m a circle next ! eye1 & ext5d   

out t[>ds ! out] rim on ea* lobe1 s z to
 =m s _m half circles4 ,9 ! selfs !     
col\rs ought to be uni=m1 bright &      
solid1 or %ad$ (f t[>ds ! out] m>g9     
di/9ctly & cle>4  ,ar\nd ! cultivation (
 nature's greate/ beauties !re is       
g5]ally a halo ( my/]y ?r[n4 ,:5 any ?+ 
( ?is k9d becomes recogniz$ z a g5]al   
favorite1 speculative ideas1 & vague    
!ories h ea* a portion ( prec$5ce1 & z  
"s ( ^! peculi>ities happ5 to succe$1 !y
 are laud$1 made public1 & ! tyro cat*es
 up ! mo/ ridicul\s notions4 ,our pres5t
 subject has n entirely escap$ f ?is    
g5]al contagion1 = if we ref] to "s old 
& long e/abli%$ gr[]s ( ! ,auricula1 we 
f9d t "o ?9ks t ! rott$ d[n roots ( !   
,will[1 is ! only matrix 9 :i* x w      
approa* p]fection2 o!rs aga9 suppose1 t 
no?+ is s suitable z ru%es decompos$    
into m\ld1 & a portion ( ! same mat]ial 
cut %ort 9 a fre% /ate1 & /rew$ ov] !   
dra9age2 :ile "s w n believe 9 any      
f]tiliz]1 b blood1 mix$ up ) maid5 e>?1 
& laid toge!r = a season4 ,n[ all ^!    

mat]ials are well en\gh 9 _! place = o!r
 ?+s besides ! ,auricula1 b to say t !y 
are absolutely necess>y1 & t no?+ else w
 produce ! same quality1 p>takes ( a    
sup]/iti\s & retrograde movem5t1 &      
belongs to ! old s*ool4 ,! fact is1 all 
t is requir$1 is a tol]ably ri* & cool  
base1 = if too poor ! plant w be weak & 
! fl[]s correspond+ly s1 & if too ri* ! 
trusses are apt to become mon/rosities1 
hav+ irregul> %ap$ fl[]s1 & too cr[d$ to
 =m a h&some bun*1 ) confus$ col\rs1 &  
undef9$ m>k+s4 ,9 ^! rem>ks1 ,i w\ld n  
wi% to detract f ! honor due to ! old   
floral vet]ans1 to ^: zeal we owe a debt
 ( gratitude1 ^: ex]tions h produc$ _m (
 ! v be/ fl[]s1 & )\t :i* we %\ld h be5 
m9us ( _m classes ( ! greate/ beauty4   
,/ill we mu/ move ahead we live 9 an age
 ( progress1 & if we _c accompli% great]
 individual p]fection1 we c c]ta9ly     
atta9 to ! same by m simple means4 ,to  
gr[ ! ,auricula1 plant 9 a tol]ably ri* 
soil1 a suitable compo/ may be =m$1 by  
mix+ two ?irds fre% loam f a pa/ure1 &  

"o ?ird c[ dung1 well rott$1 & laid 9 a 
heap a few mon?s be=e be+ us$4 ,fre%    
dung injures ! col\rs1 & causes ! plant 
to gr[ too rank & defici5t 9 sub/ance1  
:5 ?9 & pap]y fl[]s are ! consequ5ce4   
,! ,auricula may be gr[n 9 pots1 or     
plant$ out into frames1 or ! op5 gr\nd4 
,if x is desirable to h a %[ ( ?is fl[] 
9 ! gre5h\se or p>l\r w9d[2 ab\t !      
middle ( ,augu/1 prep>e a quantity ( six
 in* pots1 place 9 ! bottom ( ea*1 ab\t 
an in* ( brok5 crocks1 or :at is bett] !
 same dep? ( lumps ( *>coal1 ov] ?is put
 a lay] ( moss or fibry turf1 to prev5t 
! soil f fall+ d[n among/ ! dra9age1    
next fill 9 a portion ( ! above m5tion$ 
compo/1 & place into ! c5tre ( ea* pot a
 good & /rong s+le cr[n4 ,be=e plant+   
exam9e ! roots & cut away any decay$    
portions1 spread !m out c>efully1 & fill
 up to ! rim ) soil1 press x a little   
tight ab\t ! cr[n1 & give ! pot a sm>t  
rap or two ^u ! pott+ b5*1 :i* w settle 
all & leave a little space = future     
wat]+1 d n plant too deep1 b let ! coll>

 ( ! plant be some:at elevat$1 :i* w    
prev5t damp+ (f1 aft] pott+ give a good 
wat]+1 b d n repeat ?is aft]w>ds fur!r1 
?an to keep ! plant 9 heal?1 = !        
,auricula is impati5t ( too mu* moi/ure1
 & mo/ p>ticul>ly s :ile at re/ 9 !     
w9t]4 ,9 ord] to avoid cont9u$          
saturation1 ! pots %\ld be plac$ 9 a    
position :]e ! wat] c pass away freely1 
& likewise %ad$ f ! sun's rays2 if      
plung$ 9 a b$ ( s& or por\s a%es1 s mu* 
! bett]1 & if worms %\ld get into !     
pots1 give x a soak+ :5 dry ) lime wat]1
 us+ ! cle> liquid2 "h !y may rema9 till
 ! approa* ( sev]e wea!r1 :5 ! pots     
ought to be wa%$ & ! plants c>efully    
look$ ov] 7all decay$ leaves %\ld be    
remov$ clean away17 :5 !y may be tak5   
into ! gre5h\se & plac$ ne> ! glass1    
freely expos$ to ! air & light2 wat]    
c>efully & r sp>+ly at fir/1 aft]w>ds   
gradually increase x1 7b at no "t       
unduly17 z !y advance t[>ds bloom+2 d n 
give mu* artificial heat1 or ! fl[]s w  
be r5d]$ weak or abortive2 a ,camellia  

or ,g]anium h\se is q hot en\gh1 9 :i* a
 temp]ature ( #de at night ought to be  
kept4  ,:]e !re is n ! luxury ( a       
gre5h\se1 ! same object may be          
accompli%$ by a common g>d5 frame1 79   
fact a mu* bett] display to my ta/e7 & )
 mu* less tr\ble & exp5se consid]+ !    
great numb] ( plants t may gr[n4 ,9 ?is 
case1 dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,augu/1 or e>ly 
9 ,septemb]1 place "o or m frames1      
accord+ to ! numb] ( plants1 9 a        
situation freely expos$ to ! sun1 & ^u a
 well dra9$ bottom1 dig up ! base s t ! 
wat] may pass freely ?r\gh1 & fill 9 )  
ab\t eight in*es ( ! be=e m5tion$       
compo/1 divide ! plants into s+le cr[ns1
 ! same z recomm5d$ = pots1 & plant ab\t
 six in*es ap>t2 if dry wea!r give a    
good wat]+1 & keep (f ! glass till fro/y
 wea!r sets 91 :5 ! sa%es may be put on1
 & air admitt$ freely ?r\gh ! day4 ,9   
case ( ra9 ! lights may be tilt$ up at !
 back1 :i* w keep ! plants dry & prev5t 
any dang] f rot4 ,op5 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & 
keep all at re/ till t[>ds ! middle (   

,janu>y1 :5 ! lights may be clos$       
some:at e>li] 9 ! ev5+1 & ! sun's heat  
all[$ m freely3 cov] ) /raw mats or o!r 
mat]ial1 to keep out ! fro/1 & l9e r\nd 
! sides ) r\gh litt] or clean /raw = !  
same purpose4 ,:5 ! fl[] trusses comm5ce
 to pu%1 wat] may be m freely giv51 b n 
ov]head1 unless 9 case ( a g5ial %[]s1  
:i* seldom occurs at ?is "t1 & aft] !   
pips beg9 to exp&1 d n let ev5 ! ra9 9  
^u !m1 z mu* ( ! f9e p[d]y sub/ance1 :i*
 con/itutes a great portion ( _! beauty1
 w\ld be !reby wa%$ (f1 b apply wat] m  
freely betwe5 ! r[s1 admit air          
suffici5t1 b avoid beat+ w9ds4 ,by      
foll[+ ^! directions1 & hav+ a good /ock
 ( plants1 ! lov] ( fl[]s may be rew>d$ 
?r\gh ! mon?s ( ,m>* & ,april1 )\t ! aid
 ( a gre5h\se1 ) "o ( ! lovelie/ sights1
 & mo/ en*ant+ sc5ts 9 ,flora's k+dom4  
,s f> we h spok5 ( ! little favorite z a
 nursl+ & treasur$ up pet1 b l _m o!r ( 
,god's bless+s1 x is n s v m9dful (     
man's fo/]+ c>e4 ,!re are _m ( our city 
y>ds 9 :i* !re is a %ad$ & %elt]$ spot1 

9 all su* !re is ample accommodation =  
?is plant2 use a f]tile & well dra9$    
soil1 scre5$ f ! burn+ orb ( summ]1 & ! 
?aw+ gleams ( w9t]1 & we c be recomp5s$ 
by a sight ( its beauty1 & refre%$ by   
its delici\s odor1 )\t any o!r          
protection1 al?\gh ( c\rse if protect$ &
 tak5 c>e ( "u glass1 we h great]       
p]fection1 & %all be no los]s = our     
extra tr\ble4  ,aft] bloom+ is fairly   
ov]1 *oose a piece ( gr\nd %elt]$ f !   
midday sun1 if moi/ b yet dra9$1 s mu* !
 bett]1 plant out 9 r[s a foot ap>t1 &  
six in*es 9 ! r[1 place a little deep]  
?an be=e1 :i* w cause !m to pu% out side
 roots4 ,if dry give a good wat]+ :5    
plant$ & an occasional repetition1 9    
case ( dr\ght ?r\gh ! summ]2 no fur!r   
c>e is requir$1 unless ,r$ ,spid]1 or   
,aphides %\ld attack1 :5 a good syr++ ) 
soap-suds1 w spe$ily eradicate !m4  ,!  
foll[+ li/1 conta9+ twelve ( ! be/ 9 ea*
 class1 is f ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,john    
,slat]1 "o ( ! 8,lanca%ire ,h]oes10 & a 
sure guide1 a man ^: en?usiasm kn[s no  

b\nds1 & ^: hone/y is equal to 8        
p]sev]ance4   ,,gre5 ,,edg$4  ,litton's 
,imp]ator1 ,le$'s ,colonel ,taylor1     
,boo?'s ,fre$om1 ,pollitt's ,highl&     
,laddie1 ,a%ton's ,pr9ce ( ,wales1      
,pollitt's ,/&>d ( ,engl&1 ,yates'      
,morris ,gre5 ,h]o1 ,oliv]'s ,lovely    
,ann1 ,b>l['s ,k+1 ,h[>d's ,nelson1     
,moore's ,jubilee1 ,page's ,*ampion4    
,,grey ,,edg$4  ,*ee?am's ,lanca%ire    
,h]o1 ,syke's ,complete1 ,k5yon's       
,r+lead]1 ,grimes' ,private]1 ,flet*]'s 
,ne ,plus ,ultra1 ,flet*]'s ,m>y ,ann1  
,wat]h\se's ,conqu]or ( ,europe1 ,rid]'s
 ,wat]loo1 ,k5t's ,que5 ,victoria1      
,taylor's ,pl\gh ,boy1 ,bee/on's ,fair  
,flora1 ,a%wor?'s ,newton ,h]o4   ,,:ite
 ,,edg$4  ,taylor's ,favorite1 ,lee's   
,v5us1 ,a%wor?'s ,regul>1 ,taylor's     
,incomp>able1 ,taylor's ,glory1 ,wood's 
,delight1 ,ca?>9a1 ,popplewell's        
,conqu]or1 ,k5yon's ,"l ,*ancellor1     
,hepwor?'s ,true ,briton1 ,*ee?am's     
,c\ntess ( ,wilton1 ,pott's ,regulator4 
,,selfs4  ,ne!rwood's ,o!llo1 ,kay's    

,jupit]1 ,blegg's ,blue ,bonnet1 ,b]ry's
 ,"l ,primate1 ,b]ry's ,"l ,lee1        
,grimes' ,flora's ,flag1 ,r$mayne's     
,metropolitan1 ,s*ole's ,n$ ,lud1       
,:ittak]'s ,true ,blue1 ,brad%aw's      
,tidy1 ,b>k]'s ,nonsu*1 ,gorton's       
,/ad?old]4  ,y\rs ,mo/ ,respectfully1   
,,william ,,*orlton1                    
,new ,brighton1 ,/at5 ,isl&4  ,june #bg1
 #ahec4     ,,g>d5s ,,( ,,paeonia       
,,m\tan ,,9 ,,*9a4  ,,by ,r4 ,,=tune4   
,^! g>d5s are situat$ ne> ! village (   
,fa-:o1 ab\t #e or #f miles we/ f       
,%anghae1 9 ! mid/ ( a va/ c\ntry (     
cotton plantations4 ,on ! way ,i met a  
l>ge numb] ( coolies ea* c>ry two       
baskets ( ,m\tan-paeonies 9 full fl[]2  
!y w5t to sell !m 9 m>ket4 ,arriv$ at ! 
g>d5s ,i f\nd !re a numb] ( ^! plants 9 
fl[] & ( a rem>kable beauty4 ,! purple &
 lilac species especially attract$ !    
sight3 among o!rs a v pretty k9d        
app>5tly di/9ct1 ) f9ely cut leaves &   
fl[]s ( a velvety purple1 l ! ,tuscany  
rose ( our g>d5s4 ,! ,*9ese call x      

,m\tan ,peony 7black7 & ,i believe x to 
be ! same z t call$ atro-sangu9ea by    
,dr4 ,l9dley1 9 ! j\rnal ( !            
,horticultural ,society ( ,london4      
,ano!r species call$ 8tse0 or purple1 _h
 d\ble fl[]s ( a rem>kable size2 x is   
probably ?is v>iety :i* !y say has a    
?\s& petals1 & did n exi/ b 9 ! g>d5 ( !
 emp]or4 ,! ?ird k9d is call$ 8lan0     
7blue27 x is a lilac v>iety2 its fl[]s  
are ( ! color ( ,wi/>ia ,s95sis4 ,!re   
are besides o!r k9ds ( purple diff]5tly 
%ad$1 v di/9ct f ! prec$+ & equally     
beautiful4  ,! d\ble :ites are also     
num]\s & v rem>kable4 ,! l>ge/ among !m 
has be5 call$ ,p4 globosa by ,dr4       
,l9dley1 b !re are #d or #e o!rs :i*    
approa* v ne> to ?is4 ,"s h a light %ade
 ( lilac1 :i* gives tone to _! color4 ,!
 be/ is t call$ 8wang0 7yell[7 by !     
,*9ese2 ?is v>iety1 ( a /raw color1 is v
 beautiful1 b not)/&+ inf]ior to "s     
o!rs4  ,! r$ peonies 7,hong7 are equally
 num]\s4 ,:at is /range1 is1 t ! k9ds   
common at ,canton & 9 ,engl&1 are v r>e 

"h4 ,^! g>d5s conta9 ab\t a half-doz5 ( 
new v>ieties ( r$ peonies2 among o!rs1 t
 call$ 8,van-yang-hong0 by ! ,*9ese1 is 
! mo/ beautiful plant :i* ,i h ev] se54 
,its fl[]s are ( a bright & pure r$1    
entirely diff]5t f all ! o!rs p]fectly  
d\ble2 ea* ( !m is ab\t t5 in*es 9      
diamet]4 ,9 all ,i c\nt$ ne>ly ?irty    
di/9ct v>ieties 9 ^! g>d5s4  ,! great]  
"p ( ^! beautiful v>ieties ( ,paeonia   
,m\tan are unkn[n at ,canton4 ,?is may  
seem /range 9 a c\ntry :]e fl[]s are s  
g5]ally s\ght =2 b ! ,*9ese are 9 ev]y?+
 su* cons]vatives t a slight acqua9tance
 ) _! cu/oms w suffice to expla9 ?is    
app>5t anomaly4 ,! g>d5s ( ,canton d]ive
 _! supplies ( ,p4 ,m\tan f a di/rict   
situat$ m 9 ! we/ ?an ,%anghae4 ,f "t   
immemorial ! same g>d5s h furni%$ ^!    
fl[]s2 !y arrive always by ! same road1 
& at ! same "t ( ! ye>4 ,x seems t      
,%anghae until ! end ( ! la/ w>1 has    
nev] be5 9 communication ) ,canton1 at  
lea/ 9 :at conc]ns fl[]s1 consequ5tly ^!
 beautiful v>ieties ( ,peony c\ld n     

obta9 a r\te t[>ds ! s\? & !nce to      
,europe4  ,! e/abli%m5ts :]e !y         
cultivate exclusively ! ,paeonia ,m\tan 
are num]\s1 b v small4 ,!y h ! appe>ance
 ( our cottage g>d5s1 & are c>$ = 9 !   
same way1 t is1 by all ! memb]s ( !     
family3 ! wom5 take z mu* "p 9 x z ! m53
 !y are v av>ici\s & love money         
extremely4 ,:5 !y h be5 consult$1 ,i    
always _h to pay de>] = ! acquisitions (
 plants :i* ,i made4 ,! soil ( ^! g>d5s 
is ri* & well-manur$2 ?is latt]         
circum/ance r5d]s x less compact ?an !  
soil :]e !y cultivate cotton4  ,!       
propagation & managem5t ( ! ,paeonia    
,m\tan seems to h be5 p]fectly und]/ood 
by ! ,*9ese at ,%anghae1 mu* bett] ?an )
 u4 ,our horticulturi/s compla9 )\t     
ceas+ ( ! difficulty ( multiply+ ?is    
beautiful plant1 & ?is makes ! price    
rema9 high4 ,"h is ! me?od :i* ! ,*9ese 
pursue1 & :i* our gr[]s may try4  ,at ! 
comm5cem5t ( ,octob]1 !y collect 9 ! %$s
 & out-h\ses a great quantity ( ! roots 
( a c]ta9 h]bace\s ,peony1 roots :i* mu/

 s]ve = subjects ( ,paeonia ,m\tan4 ,!  
bundle ( tub]cles :i* =ms ! root ( a    
h]bace\s peony is divid$1 & ea* little  
root1 9 %ape ( a f+]1 becomes a subject 
^u :i* !y graft ! ,p4 ,m\tan4 ,hav+     
plac$ a great numb] ( ^! tub]cles ^u !  
pott+ table1 !y br+ ! grafts ( ! plants 
:i* !y wi% to multiply4 ,ea* graft is b 
an in* & a half to two in*es long2 x is 
! extremity ( a %oot made dur+ ! summ] j
 f9i%$4 ,! "u "p ( x is cut into a w$ge 
& ins]t$ on ! top ( ! f+] %ap$ tub]cle (
 :i* we spoke4 ,! graft is cov]$ by a   
ligature or by clay & ! op]ation is     
complete4 ,a great numb] ( grafts be+   
?us made1 !y are c>ri$ to ! g>d5 &      
plant$ 9 r[s di/ant ab\t a foot & a     
half2 ! same space is left betwe5 plants
 9 ! same r[4 ,9 plant+1 ! head ( !     
graft only rema9s above ! soil2 ! "p :]e
 ! graft unites ) ! tub]cle is always   
buri$4 ,kaempf] says t ! ,*9ese multiply
 ! ,m\tan ,peony by bud-graft+2 ?is is  
an error1 ?is process is nev] practic$  
by !m1 !y d n ev5 und]/& x4 ,! au?or has

 be5 l$ into ! error by ! smallness ( ! 
bud :i* !y use1 ?is hav+ b "o eye at its
 end4  ,ea* autumn sees ?\s&s ( plants  
graft$ 9 ?is way4 ,! little empty space 
:i* may be se5 9 ! r[s proves ! goodness
 ( ! me?od2 9 fact a graft r>ely fails  
to gr[4 ,at ! end ( ab\t fifte5 days !  
union ( ! root & ! graft is complete3 9 
! foll[+ spr+ ! plants are beautiful &  
vigor\s4 ,!y g5]ally fl[] ! fir/ spr+ or
 at ! late/ 9 ! second2 x is !n t !y are
 tak5 up & c>ri$ to be sold 9 ! m>ket 9 
! way ,i h describ$4 ,! plant :i* has b 
"o /alk & "o fl[] has m value 9 ! eyes (
 ! cultivator at ,%anghae ?an a /rong]  
"o2 x is sold m easily1 produces a v    
l>ge fl[]1 & pres5ts no difficulty nei!r
 = lift+ nor = transportation4 ,?anks to
 ?is circum/ance ,i c\ld always procure 
/rong plants m advantage\sly ?an small  
ones4  ,9 ! g>d5s ( ! m&>9s c (t5 be met
 ,peonies ( a consid]able size4 ,ne>    
,%anghae !re is "o :i* annually produces
 #c to #djj fl[]s4 ,! proprietor takes z
 mu* c>e ( x z c\ld ! mo/ en?usia/ic    

amateur ( 8 tulips4 ,dur+ its fl[]+1 x 0
 protect$ f ! burn+ rays ( ! sun by a   
t5t ( canvass2 9 front 0 a seat :]e !   
visitor enjoy$ 9 full ! sight ( ^!      
magnific5t fl[]s4 ,e day1 = sev]al h\rs1
 ! old man in/all$ himself !re1 & :ile  
pipes & b[ls ( tea succe$$ ea* o!r he   
look$ lov+ly ^u 8 favorite 8,m\tan :a40 
,x 0 c]ta9ly a noble plant1 well wor?y (
 ! admiration ( ! old amateur1 to :om ,i
 wi% ! pleasure ( sitt+ a long "t yet "u
 8 t5t1 to enjoy s beautiful a sight4   
,translat$ f ! ,flore des ,s]res4       
,,*9ese ,,primrose4   ,w9t] fl[]+ plants
 are n too pl5tiful1 at lea/ su* z w    
bloom 9 ! cool temp]ature ( a gre5h\se2 
we h _m f9e w9t] fl[]+ exotics1 b !y    
ei!r require a ho?\se temp]ature to     
bloom freely1 or are m difficult to     
manage dur+ summ]2 we are indebt$ to !  
,cele/ials = _m ( our mo/ valuable w9t] 
fl[]s1 ,azaleas1 ,camellias & among o!rs
 t beautiful little gem ! ,*9ese        
primrose4 ,!y are all ( h>dy & robu/    
habit1 & are ?us )9 ! rea* ( all1 s f> z

 cultivation is conc]n$1 a recomm5dation
 ( mu* importance to ^? amateurs :o _c  
devote mu* "t to _! collection4 ,x has  
(t5 occurr$ to me :5 visit+ amateurs'   
gre5h\ses1 t !y w\ld d]ive mu* m        
pleasure f _! labors 7 !y m select 9 !  
*oice ( _! plants1 *oos+ ^? only ( kn[n 
h>dy & free bloom+ qualities1 in/ead (  
aim+ at a v>i$ assortm5t1 (t5 exp5sive1 
& r>ely satisfactory4 ,i 0 m deeply     
impress$ ) ?is fact dur+ a visit to an  
en?usia/ic amateur la/ w9t]4 ,on ent]+ 8
 gre5h\se ,i 0 /ruck ) ! gay & *e]ful   
appe>ance x pres5t$1 & x 0 only :5 ab\t 
leav+ t ,i obs]v$ ! only plants 9 fl[] 7
 a few ,camellias1 two or ?ree          
,c9n]>ias1 & a quantity ( ,primulas (   
v>i\s colors1 b ^! 7 s well arrang$ &   
set (f ) a pr(usion ( heal?y foliage1 & 
! ,primroses %[+ su* f9e r\nd$ trusses1 
t ,i am confid5t n "o p]son 9 t5 w\ld h 
notic$ ?is simplicity ( its production4 
,al?\gh ?is plant is v h>dy1 ,i am aw>e 
t _m amateurs are n s successful ) x z  
!y w\ld wi%4 ,?is1 ,i presume1 arises   

pr9cipally f its liability to decay if  
kept too damp at root1 ei!r f us+ pots (
 a l>ge size1 or supply+ wat] too       
freely4 ,f\r & six in* pots w be f\nd ( 
ample size1 n t a plant w n gr[ 9 a pot 
?ree feet 9 diamet] z well z x w\ld 9 "o
 in*es4 ,! only diff]5ce w\ld be t1 9 ! 
=m]1 ! plant w\ld probably require wat] 
once a mon? & ! latt] daily4  ,to keep  
up a succession ( fl[]s = f\r or five   
mon?s1 se$ %\ld be put 9 at int]vals (  
five or six weeks1 f ,june to ,septemb]1
 soil ( a s&y nature %\ld be prep>$1 & !
 se$s v slightly cov]$4 ,! front %elf 9 
! gre5h\se w be a suitable place = !m   
:ile gr[+1 !y %\ld be enc\rag$ by       
transplant+ into a %all[ box z soon z ! 
fir/ true leaf makes its appe>ance4 ,if 
?9ly plant$ 7n clos] ?an ?ree in*es7 !y 
c rema9 until suffici5tly /rong to be   
plac$ at once into fl[]+ pots4 ,^! mu/  
be well dra9$ by plac+ a h&ful ( brok5  
mat]ial 9 ea* pot4 ,if att5tion is paid 
to ?is1 !re w be little fe> ( damp1 if  
ord9>y c>e is giv5 9 wat]+4 ,two small  

/akes %\ld be ins]t$ "o ea* side ( !    
plant1 cross+ o!r at top1 no ty+ w be   
necess>y1 ?is w prev5t !m f toppl+ ov] &
 break+ (f at ! neck :]e !y are v weak4 
,a few ( ! late/ s[+ %\ld be set ap>t = 
se$l+4 ,a little c>e & att5tion %\ld be 
giv5 to _! selection1 *oos+ ^? ) l>ge1  
well color$ fr+$ fl[]s4 ,sometimes !y   
incl9e to be semi-d\ble2 ^! %\ld h !    
pref]5ce4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ,may !y %\ld 
be set out 9 ! sun1 wat]$ regul>ly1 & if
 !y receive an occasional application ( 
manure wat] ! value ( ! se$ w be        
enhanc$4 ,"u ^! conditions an abundance 
( se$ w be secur$4 ,x is n wor? tr\ble  
to pres]ve old plants2 "y ones fl[]+ )  
mu* m vig\r2 any p>ticul>ly f9e v>iety1 
h[ev]1 may be turn$ out ( ! pot aft] x  
has done bloom+1 "s ( ! old soil remov$ 
& replac$ 9 fre% compo/4 ,! d\ble       
v>ieties are mu* sup]ior to ! s+le ones4
 ,!y are increas$ by divid+ ! plant into
 cutt+s4 ,to propagate !m requires a    
cool dry situation1 p>tially %ad$1 pay+ 
great att5tion 9 wat]+1 !y mu/ be kept r

 dry until !y beg9 to %[ symptoms (     
gr[?2 o!rwise !y are c]ta9 to decay4 ,x 
is probably on ?is acc\nt t !y are n s  
ext5sively cultivat$ z !y des]ve to be4 
,,delta4     ,,on ,,! ,,d\ble ,,*9ese   
,,primrose4   ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,flori/1
 ,sir3 ,z y invite communications f     
practical g>d5]s1 ,i (f] a few rem>ks on
 ! above2 z ,i ?9k x a mu* r>] plant ?an
 x ought to be--few plants excel x 9    
simple beauty1 & by prop] managem5t x   
may be _h 9 bloom e mon? 9 ! ye>4 ,be+  
d\ble1 x c only be propagat$ by cutt+s1 
:i* may be tak5 (f at any "t1 & readily 
/ruck 9 s& "u a bell glass4 ,9 ab\t ?ree
 weeks !y are suffici5tly root$ to pot  
into s+le pots4 ,i f9d !m to ?rive be/ 9
 a compo/ ( r\gh leaf m\ld & s&y loam1 9
 well dra9$ pots4 ,i repot !m z (t5 z !y
 become well root$2 & p9* (f e fl[] /alk
 t appe>s till ! plant is six mon?s old 
at lea/4 ,i !n let x fl[] on1 & z ea*   
fl[] truss %[s symptoms ( )]+1 pluck x  
out4 ,by ?is c\rse x w cont9ue to fl[] a
 :ole ye>4 ,!y frequ5tly die out f      

exhau/ion at ?is "t1 & ! only way ,i f9d
 to prev5t ?is1 is to divide ! plant    
into (f-sets1 & s />t ) !m z ) new      
plants4 ,!y always d well ) me by ?is   
treatm5t4 ,! d\ble :ite is ! commone/ & 
mo/ easy to be procur$2 b ,i h obs]v$ 9 
a report ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,society1 t ! 
purple exi/s also 9 y\r neighborhood4   
,if y ?9k ! above wor?y ( ins]tion 9 !  
,flori/1 ,i %\ld be happy to s5d y "s   
o!rs :5 ,i h leisure4                   
,y\rs1 c41 ,,hortus4     ,,notes ,,on   
,,rose ,,culture1 ,,by ,a ,,lov] ,,(    
,,roses4 7,cont9u$47   ,,hybrid         
,,p]petual ,,or ,,remontant             
,,roses4--,?is division ( ! ,rose 0     
introduc$ to u ab\t #ae or #af ye>s ago 
& accord+ to ! op9ions ( good judges x  
orig9at$ betwe5 ! p]petual ,rose ,du    
,roi & ! ,b\rbon ,rose2 !y h be5 till v 
rec5tly ne>ly all ( a crimson or d>k r$ 
color4 ,flori/s & ,rose-gr[]s g5]ally   
e/eem ^! ! f9e/ ( all ,roses1 to :i* ,i 
w\ld co9cide1 provid$1 !y 7 con/ant     
mon?ly bloom]s1 :i* !y are n1 giv+ only 

two or p]haps fa9tly a ?ird bloom ) a   
meagre fl[] 9 ! autumnal mon?s4 ,!y     
ri*ly des]ve special att5tion = _! f9e  
bold fl[]s1 ri* foliage1 & luxuriant    
%oots :5 on _! own roots2 or if budd$ !y
 make v admir$ /&>d ,rose trees4 ,b oh6 
:at nicety ( eye1 h[ critical ! judgm5t 
to detect ! diff]5ce ( "o half ( !m4 ,= 
my own pleasure & gratification ,i w\ld 
n give a gros*5 = ?s ( !m2 b we are s l$
 (f our gu>d by 8h y got s & s10 we blu%
 to own up1 & buy ne>ly all1 good1 bad1 
& indiff]5t2 b pray :o w\ld gr[ ,doctor 
,m>x1 ,dr4 ,m>gol91 ,madam ,laffay1 &   
ne>ly #ej o!rs2 all r$1 rosy r$1 d>k r$1
 light crimson1 & su* transpositions1   
mean+ ne>ly ! same 9 color & "*8 ,s be  
x4 ,i w n detail be=e y\r ?\s&s ( read]s
 su* equivocal t]ms1 b give (f h& & full
 9 my eye1 a score t w please ! mo/     
fa/idi\s4  ,augu/e ,mie1 cle> waxy rose1
 cupp$ petals4  ,b>onne ,hallez1 d>k    
purple crimson1 f9e =m4  ,b>onne        
,prevo/1 rose color1 v l>ge4  ,c>ol9e de
 ,sansal1 l>ge1 rosy blu%1 p9k c5tre1 ( 

rem>kably /rong gr[?4  ,du*esse de      
,montp5si]1 pale sat9y rose1 v fragrant4
  ,giant ( ! ,battle1 ne>ly bright      
sc>let4 ,is ?is n ! rose ( ! gr\p8      
,ev]yone ( y\r read]s t wi%es a rose bu%
 t is p]fectly h>dy1 bright 9 color1 &  
con/ant 9 bloom may *ose ?is subject4   
,julie de ,krudn]1 a new rose1 ne>ly    
:ite1 v d\ble1 & agreeably fragrant4    
,la ,re9e4 ,i hesitate ab\t ?is ?\gh a  
mo/ sup]b fl[]2 x has a paucity ( bloom 
n altoge!r to my fancy2 ! color too is  
undecid$ be+ a rosy lilac1 b extremely  
l>ge & luxuriant 9 gr[?4  ,lion des     
,combats1 r$di% crimson1 %ad$ ) sc>let1 
l>ge1 full1 & fragrant4  ,l\ise ,le     
,cl]c1 delicate blu%1 p]fect =m1 v      
pr(use & fragrant4  ,madam ,laffay1     
purpli% lilac1 incl9+ to crimson1 v full
 regul> fl[]1 plant ( /rong gr[?4       
,madam ,rives1 q a new v>iety1 ( a pale 
fle% or silv]y blu% color1 ( great      
sub/ance1 v di/9ct & p]fectly =m$4      
,m>quis ,boccella1 pale blu%1 dw>f      
habit1 a con/ant bloom]1 v di/9ct4      

,pius #i?1 crimson purple1 v l>ge1 full 
& p]fect1 a pr(use bloom] ( /rong gr[?4 
,pat5otte1 pale rose1 v exquisite =m1   
fragrant & pr(use1 q a new v>iety4      
,que5 ,victoria1 7,paul's7 blu% :ite1   
%ad$ ) p9k or pea* blossom color1 l>ge1 
v full1 & di/9ct f any o!r v>iety1 q    
new1 v desirable4  ,rob9 ,hood1 bright  
c>m9e1 beautifully globul>1 & a rampant 
gr[]4  ,william ,griffi?1 sat9y rose1   
di/9ct color1 a l>ge bold petal$ fl[]1 q
 new1 & w rank among/ ! be/4  ,william  
,jesse1 a favorite v>iety ( a rosy      
crimson color1 edg$ ) lilac1 v l>ge1    
full1 & con/ant4  ,yol&e d',arragon1    
pale rose1 produc+ its fl[]s 9 clu/]s ! 
:ole season1 a /rong gr[]4 ,sydonie1 a  
new] v>iety1 is v l ?is1 & ,i am d\btful
 if x is any improvem5t ^u x1 unless to 
a v critical obs]v]4  ,i h n se5 a cle> 
good :ite z yet 9 ?is gr\p4 ,flori/s &  
catalogues tell u ( ,blan*e ,vib]t--:ite
 x is1 b a sickly look+ fl[] & plant1 at
 ! be/4 ,blan*e ,portem] has no?+ m     
attractive ab\t x4 ,a good :ite su* z ! 

old ,madam ,h>dy is mu* want$1 x w\ld be
 a treasure4 ,!re are ov] #ajj ( ^!     
,hybrid ,p]petual v>ieties cultivat$1 "o
 half ( !m are ne>ly facsimiles ( ea*   
o!r4 ,!y all require m /imulation 9 _!  
culture ?an any o!r roses2 if a /rong   
luxuriant gr[? is n produc$ a v meagre  
%[ w foll[2 d>k ri* gre5 foliage & /rong
 %oots w produce a correspond+ bloom--b 
yell[ foliage & weak gr[? produces      
simil> sickly blooms1 defici5t 9 color1 
size1 & fragrance4 ,also1 obs]ve t tak+ 
(f "o half ( ! buds 9 ,may & ,june1 is  
b5eficial to a cont9uance ( bloom dur+ !
 season2 9 dry wea!r !y %\ld be lib]ally
 suppli$ ) ri* wat] or soap suds1 or if 
! gr\nd has be5 abundantly manur$1 wat] 
( any description w suit2 obs]v+ t "o   
copi\s supply once a week is bett] ?an a
 small portion e day4  ,,noisette       
,,roses are ^? clu/]+ sorts t bloom f   
e>ly 9 ! season till de/roy$ by fro/2 _!
 fl[]s are g5]ally small1 ?\gh !re are  
n[ "s ( !m ne>ly z l>ge z any o!rs1 b ! 
size takes f _! pr(usion4 ,! gr[? ( !   

family is ( all grades1 f #a foot to #bj
 feet 9 a season2 un=tunately = u1      
h[ev]1 ! f9] k9ds are r t5d]1 be+ ne>ly 
or entirely kill$ 9 our sev]e w9t]s4 ,^?
 t5d] k9ds ( greate/ spl5dor are        
,lam>que1 ,clo? ( ,gold1 ,solfat>e1 ,la 
,victorieuse4 ,^! are hybridis$ ) ! ,tea
 ,rose1 mak+ !m m t5d]2 b = mild]       
climates ?an ,philadelphia ! spl5dor (  
!m equals any description4 ,a fri5d     
writes me f ,texas1 t ,clo? ( ,gold     
rea*es ! #c;d /ory1 & is 9 bloom #i     
mon?s ( ! ye>1 & its odor equal to !    
magnolia4 ,9 prun+ ,noisette ,roses1 ?9 
out ! old wood1 & %ort5 ! wood ( !      
previ\s season4 ,! "y wood %\ld always  
be all[$ to h its full gr[?1 z x is mo/ 
frequ5tly t]m9at$ ) a clu/] ( fl[]s2 !  
sorts )\t encroa*+ ^u _! beauties might 
be curtail$ to "o full doz51 :i* w\ld   
comprise z foll[s3  ,aimie ,vib]t1 pure 
:ite1 v compact1 a dw>f gr[]4  ,clo? (  
,gold1 a v luxuriant gr[]1 requir+ dry  
ri* soil2 fl[]s q l>ge1 frequ5tly #e    
in*es 9 diamet]1 op5+ a bright lemon    

yell[1 & fad+ to a pale /raw color2 %\ld
 be protect$ by cov]+ 9 w9t]4  ,desprez 
or ,jaune ,desprez1 fl[]s buff color    
%ad$ ) p9k1 9 pr(use clu/]s1 v fragrant1
 plant vigor\s4  ,fell5b]g1 color p9k1  
r$1 or crimson z ! season may be2 a     
con/ant bloom]--does v well = a piazza  
or pill>1 q h>dy4  ,lafayette1 ?is old  
f9e p9k rose mu/ n be neglect$2 !re are 
few or none to equal x 9 color &        
pr(usion2 a mod]ate gr[]1 fl[]s prettily
 cupp$ & q pr(use4  ,odorata1 pure :ite1
 v sweet1 an abundant bloom] & p]fectly 
h>dy2 /ood ! w9t] ( '#ea1 )\t any       
protection2 ( mod]ate gr[?4  ,ophirie1  
color orange1 orange & p9k1 pale yell[  
or bright yell[1 all accord+ to ! wea!r 
& season2 blooms abundantly1 especially 
9 ! autumnal mon?s1 fl[]s v d\ble1 plant
 h>dy & gr[+ freely2 q di/9ct1 foliage (
 a pleas+ lively gre54  ,philipp>t1 d>k 
p9k1 mu/ be well e/abli%$ be=e its "* is
 fully asc]ta9$2 blooms 9 l>ge clu/]s2  
exce$+ly h>dy & ( /rong gr[?4  ,p\rpre  
de ,tyre1 n easily to decide :e!r ?is   

v>iety is a ,b\rbon or ,noisette2 b     
flori/s place x :]e ,i n[ d4 ,! fl[]s ( 
m$ium size1 d>k r$ or crimson color2    
plant ( mod]ate gr[?4  ,triomphe de la  
,du*]e1 "o ( ! v be/ ,noisette roses1   
fl[]s abundant1 l>ge1 full1 ( a rosy p9k
 color & fragrant2 plant /rong1 b n     
rampant4  ,vittel9a1 pure :ite1 f9e =m1 
buds %ad$ ) p9k1 v d\ble1 m$ium size1   
gr[? mod]ate1 v desirable4  ,lam>que1   
fl[]s v l>ge1 :ite ) a sulphur yell[    
c5tre1 plant ( /rong gr[?1 requires a   
dry %elt]$ situation ) a ri* soil1 & to 
be protect$ dur+ ! sev]e wea!r ab\t     
,philadelphia4  ,i h omitt$ _m o!rs     
ne>ly equal to ! above1 su* z ,solfat>e1
 ,du ,luxemb]g1 ,phaloe1 ,b\logne1      
,augu/a1 c4 ,( ! latt] ,i may say t ,i h
 n yet conv]s$ ) a judge or no judge (  
roses1 9 ?is vic9ity1 :o pron\nces x    
equal or ne>ly equal to ! publi%$       
description ( x4 ,i paid a ,v4 = my     
plant1 & consid] x fully paid4 ,if ,i 0 
n[ to make out a li/ to s5d to my       
,flori/1 ,i w\ld say ,clo? ( ,gold1     

,ophirie1 ,augu/a1 c4  ,to be cont9u$4  
,,! ,,/rawb]ry ,,controv]sy4   ,!       
communication ( ,mr4 ,meehan to !       
,p5nsylvania ,horticultural ,society1   
seems to h excit$ ! opposition ( all ^? 
p]sons1 & we believe !y are ! majority1 
:o h settl$ ! "q to _! own satisfaction1
 t ! ,/rawb]ry is ei!r pi/illate or     
/am9ate1 & un*angeably s4 ,mr4 ,meehan  
has produc$ 8 plants 7( ,hovey's        
,se$l+71 ) /am9ate fl[]s4 ,! ,/rawb]ry  
cultivators pron\nce !m 79 ! tee? ( ,mr4
 ,m's ass]tion t !y are runn]s f        
pi/illate plants17 to be n ,hovey's1 b  
ano!r v>iety4 ,"s o!rs talk ( !         
absurdity ( plants be+ fruitful )\t     
f]tilization1 :i*1 :e!r absurd or n1    
,mr4 ,m4 does n claim = 8 plants2 we h  
se5 no?+ yet on t side 9 ! way (        
argum5t1 x is all ass]tion2--,! ,c9n4   
,hort4 ,society1 =mally pron\nc$ x      
impossible1 & ) !m !re is no appeal f _!
 8ipse dixit40  ,9 ! la/ numb] ( ! ,f>m4
 ,j\rnal1 we h a lett]1 :i* we suppose  
is f ! em95t botani/ ( t region1 :i* we 

copy1 z sugge/+ _m reasons :y ,mr4      
,meehan may be "r4      ,! /atem5t (    
,,mr4 ,,meehan1 9 ! ,april numb] ( !    
,f>m     ,j\rnal1 alleg+ t he has obs]v$
 ! sexual *>act]s     ( ! ,/rawb]ry     
fl[]s to be v>i\sly modifi$ by          
culture1 or diff]5t me?ods (            
treatm5t--has elicit$ "s     /rong      
assev]ations ( op9ion1 9 contradiction  
to t     allegation ( fact4 ,"o writ]   
unhesitat+ly decl>es !     alleg$ *ange 
to be 8utt]ly impossible30 & ,i und]/&  
t 9 ! ,que5 ,city ( ! ,we/1 !y h _h a   
public     ga!r+1 to delib]ate on !     
subject1 :i* result$ 9 a                
,pronunciam5to adv]se to ,,mr4          
,,meehan',s /atem5t1--8 facts     &     
obs]vations be+ reject$ by a cle>       
majority ( !     vot]s pres5t6 ,! matt] 
be+ ?us settl$1 by preamble     &       
resolution aft] ! mann] ( political     
difficulties at a     w>-meet+1 x may   
seem to be out ( ord]1 n[1 to (f] any   
rem>ks on ! controv]t$ topic4           
,nev]!less1 z ?is is     reput$ to be a 

,free ,c\ntry1 ,i %\ld l to be indulg$ )
     ! privilege ( submitt+ a few       
sugge/ions1--if n 9 arre/     (         
judgem5t1 at lea/ z a plea 9 mitigation 
( ! s5t5ce1     aga9/ my fri5d ,,meehan4
 ,x is ! rem>k ( a vigor\s &            
sagaci\s mod]n writ]1 t 8no sci5tific "q
 0 ev]     yet settl$ dogmatically1 nor 
ev] w20 & ,i ?9k ! same     may be      
especially pr$icat$ ( que/ions ( fact1 9
 ,natural     ,hi/ory4 ,i may "h obs]ve1
 t ,i 0 favor$ ) !     opportunity (    
exam9+ "o ( ,,mr4 ,,meehan',s           
specim5s1--9     :i* !re 7 c]ta9ly two  
scapes f ! same root--"o     be>+ a cyme
 ( pi/illate fl[]s 7) m9ute rudim5ts    
( abortive /am5s17 & ! o!r a cyme (     
p]fect1 or     h]maphrodite fl[]s3 &    
:e!r ! specim5 0 ! prog5y     ( a       
pi/illate1 a /am9ate1 or a h]maphrodite 
plant1 ,i     %\ld ?9k ! inf]5ce        
plausible1 t ! fl[]s on at     lea/ "o (
 ^! two cymes1 mu/ h be5 a modification1
     or alt]$ product1 ( ! p>5t plant4  
,x is ?is k9d (     *ange1 9 ! "* ( !   

fl[]s1 :i* ,i und]/&     ,,mr4 ,,meehan 
to ann\nce1 z hav+ occurr$ 9 plants "u  
8 managem5t4 ,n[1 9 view ( ! c\ntless   
modifications     daily obs]vable 9 !   
organs ( plants--& especially 9     !   
floral organs--,i c p]ceive no suffici5t
 gr\nd =     decl>+ ! *anges1 report$ by
 ,,mr4 ,,meehan1 to be 8utt]ly          
impossible40 ,! modifications "h ref]r$ 
to1 are a v     diff]5t ?+ f ! alleg$   
transmutation ( "o k9d to               
ano!r1--:i* is vulg>ly suppos$ to take  
place 9 c]ta9     plants1 j z !         
,al*emi/s =m]ly pret5d$ 0 affect$       
among ! metals4 ,!y m]ely alt] !        
texture1 di/ort !     =ms1 or affect !  
developem5ts ( organs2 b d nei!r        
*ange nor annihilate ^? ess5tial        
*>act]i/ics1 by     :i* ! plant is r5d]$
 p]man5tly di/9ct f e     o!r g5us &    
species4 ,! floral organs ( _m plants   
are     rem>kably subject to            
modification1 "u ! long-cont9u$         
influ5ces ( soil1 climate1 & culture1 or
 managem5t4     ,"s fl[]s are r5d]$     

d\ble1 z x is t]m$1 by !     expansion (
 /am5s into petals2 o!rs become         
imp]fect1 &     ev5 neutral1 by !       
abortion or blight+ ( ! /am5s1 or       
pi/ils1 or bo?4 ,! ,/rawb]ry appe>s to  
be v liable     to ?is k9d ( blight2 &  
h5ce ! mu* talk$ ( sorts1     among     
cultivators1 ( pi/illates1 &            
/am9ates1--?\gh     9 all ! pi/illate   
fl[]s1 :i* ,i h exam9$1 !re     7       
ve/iges m or less obvi\s1 ( abortive    
/am5s1     on ! rim ( ! calyx4 ,x also  
v>ies mu*1 "u culture1     9 "s o!r     
features1--especially 9 ! developem5t & 
"* or quality ( ! receptacle1 or :at is 
commonly     reg>d$ z fruit3 b no "o1 ,i
 believe1 has yet se5 a     ,/rawb]ry   
plant transmut$ into a ,c9quefoil1 ?\gh 
s     ne>ly alli$ 9 habit4 ,! organs (  
plants may be greatly     disguis$ by ! 
influ5ces above m5tion$2 b /ill !       
ess5tial di/+ui%+ traits are pres]v$1--&
 !re     seems to be no insup]able      
ob/acle to prev5t a plant1 )     modifi$
 or abortive organs1 f rev]t+1 "u a     

*ange     ( circum/ances1 to its orig9al
 condition1 & resum+     its pri/9e =m &
 "*4 ,! normal1 or :at may be     call$ 
! con/itutional "* ( ! ,/rawb]ry-fl[]1  
is to be p]fect--i4 e4 furni%$ ) bo?    
/am5s &     pi/ils 7possibly su* may be 
! true normal /ructure     ( all fl[]s72
 & al?\gh _m o!r plants1 z !            
,/rawb]ry1 are f\nd ) imp]fect1 & ev5   
neutral     fl[]s1--e ,naturali/ &      
c>eful obs]v] kn[s1 t     !re is (t5 an 
obvi\s ef=t & t5d5cy1 9 su* fl[]s1      
to a m complete developm5t3 i4 e4 to    
become p]fect     & regul>4 ,we         
occasionally see di&r\s fl[]s become    
didynam\s1--& didynam\s plants develop+ 
regul>     pet&r\s fl[]s2 & x is n at   
all unusual to f9d !     /am9ate tassel 
( ! cultivat$ ,maize 7,zea ,mays1 ,l4 a 
monoic\s plant17 be>+ f]tile fl[]s1 &   
exhibit+     a v successful attempt at !
 production ( an ,e>--or     clu/] (    
,e>s--( ,indian corn4 ,^! in/ances1 ,i  
tru/     7= x is ne$less to multiply    
!m17 may suffice to %[ t     !re is no?+

 irrational1 nor incr$ible1 9 ,,mr4     
,,meehan',s     obs]vations2 & t x is r 
/rong phraseology1     to decl>e su*    
ph5om5a to be 8utt]ly impossible40      
,! polemic writ]s on ?is ,/rawb]ry "q1  
speak (     ! necessity ( /am9ate plants
 among ! pi/illate1 to     produce1 or  
p]fect ! fruit4 ,no d\bt1 ! pi/ils mu/  
be     f]tiliz$1 9 ord] to produce se$s 
t w vegetate4     ,b :at d ^? g5tlem5   
und]/&1 by ! 8fruit80 ,d     !y mean !  
little s+le-se$$ ak5es or nutlets1 :i*  
are spr9kl$ ov] ! enl>g$ pulpy          
receptacle1--or d !y     ref] to !      
receptacle itself1 :i* 9 popul> p>lance 
is int5d$ by ! t]m 8fruit80 ,if !y h    
ref]5ce to     ! real fruit--! nutlets  
:i* conta9 ! se$1--!re     is probably  
no "q 7z already intimat$7 ab\t !       
necessity ( /am9ate influ5ce to produce 
p]fect fruit4 ,b     ,i h a suspicion1 t
 by ! t]m 8fruit10 !y mean !            
delici\s receptacle :i* be>s ! fruit1 & 
if !y mean     to allege t ! pi/ils mu/ 
be f]tiliz$ by ! /am5s1     9 ord] to   

produce t enl>gem5t ( ! receptacle      
:i* af=ds an escul5t sub/itute =        
fruit1--!n ,i h     only to say1 x is a 
"q ( fact :i* ,i h _h no     adequate   
opportunity to det]m9e2 & conc]n+ :i*   
,i1     = "o1 %\ld be happy to receive  
reliable in=mation4 ,to     asc]ta9 !   
po9t satisfactorily1 w\ld require v     
c>eful     exp]im5ts & obs]vations4     
,:e!r su* h be5 made1 ,i am     n in=m$4
 ,i may rem>k1 h[ev]1 by way ( analogy1 
t     !re are in/ances 9 :i* pi/ils1 &  
ev5 receptacles1     are enl>g$1 :]e no 
/am9ate influ5ce has be5 ex]t$4     ,!  
conglomorate coalesc5t pi/ils ( ! ,osage
 ,orange     7,maclura17 = example1     
atta9 to _! full natural size           
7al?\gh ! se$s are necess>ily imp]fect17
 :]e no     /am9ate plant is 9 !        
neighborhood2 &1 :at af=ds a     clos]  
analogy1 ! includ+ receptacle ( !       
pi/illate     ,fig is fully develop$2 :5
 entirely free f any /am9ate            
influ5ce4 ,:e!r ! receptacle ( !        
,/rawb]ry ev]     enl>ges1 )\t ! pi/ils 

be+ f]tiliz$1 7z already     /at$17 is m
 ?an ,i c tell2 b ,i feel well assur$1 t
     any compet5t au?ority1 :o may      
furni% ! in=mation1 w     make an       
acceptable contribution to physiological
 ,botany4                               
,w4 ,d4      ,we/ ,*e/]1 ,june #f1      
#ahec4     ,,! ,,/rawb]ry ,,"q4         
,,mr4 ,,editor3--,:o among              
horticulturi/s has n he>d ( !           
8,/rawb]ry ,"q0--has n wond]$ at !      
opposite op9ions     held by em95t      
cultivators1 & p]haps l myself has      
be5 surpris$ t ! _s ( inquiry has n be5 
m     g5]ally diffus$ conc]n+ a subject 
( s mu* importance4     ,is x because   
our in/ructors _c come to a unanim\s    
conclusion ^u x1 t we pupils 9          
horticulture h be5     d\btful ab\t     
express+ our op9ions ^u x1 or h we      
nev] /udi$ ! subject = ourselves b left 
!m 9 _!     wisdom to decide x = u8 ,i 0
 9 ?is position wait+ =     _! decision1
 b z x 0 n likely to be =?com+1 ,i      
resolv$ to /udy ! subject = myself1 h   

done s ?is     season1 & w give y my    
exp]i5ce 9 connection ) !     8,/rawb]ry
 ,"q40      ,! po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 a
 /am9ate & pi/illate     /rawb]ry fl[]  
are s m>k$ t a v casual obs]v]     _c   
fail to notice !m at once1 = 9 /am9ate  
v>ieties     ! fl[]s are lax1 ! sepals (
 ! calyx appe> alt]nately     ) ! petals
 ( ! corolla1 ! /am5s occupy ! mo/      
prom95t place 9 ! fl[]1 ris+ half _!    
l5g? above     ! c5tral pi/ils1 are v   
mu* swell$ at ! base1 &     v l>ge      
comp>$ ) ! o!r p>ts ( ! fl[]1 an!rs     
broadly he>t %ap$1 l>ge1 & produc+      
abundance ( poll54     ,pi/ils1 loose1  
long1 & hav+ a b>r5 appe>ance1 :i* is   
soon prov$ by _! )]+ away1 & leav+ !    
/am5s     ma/]s ( ! field4 ,! embryo    
receptacle :5 x does     exi/ at all is 
v mu* flatt5$1 & 9 ! mo/ ( cases     _c 
be said to exi/ at all1 ! pi/ils be+    
ins]t$ 9     ! ?ick5$ cup ( ! calyx4    
,all fl[]s t h ?is     appe>ance 9 ^!   
v>ieties1 v soon )] away & leave     ?is
 impression on ! m9d ( ! obs]v]1 t !y 7 

surely /am9ate v>ieties4 ,b z all       
/am9ate v>ieties d     n ?us )] away1 b 
_m ( !m produce fruit1 x may be     ask$
 are ! fl[]s all ! same 9 appe>ance4 ,x 
is "h     :]e ! peculi>ities 9 ?is class
 are met )1 = !re     are few b :at     
produce "s fruit1 & z real /am9ate      
fl[]s c\ld n produce ?is fruit1 x w\ld  
readily be se5     t /am9ate v>ieties   
produce two sorts ( fl[]s2 !     "o :]e 
! organs are unequally balanc$ :i*      
produce no     fruit1 ! o!r :]e ! fl[]s 
are p]fect & are fruit     be>+4 ,!     
appe>ance ( ! fl[] t w produce fruit    
is m>k$ly diff]5t f ! o!r--by ! %ortness
 ( !     /am5s1 ! conical %ap$          
receptacle1 ! pi/ils /iff &     ?ickly  
set !reon4 ,! fl[] is altoge!r m        
compact1 &     is z p]fect 9 its organs 
z any ( ! ,alp9e v>ieties4 ,!     foll[+
 sorts h prov$ /am9ate ) me4            
,cu?ill's ,black ,pr9ce1 ,bo/on ,p9e1   
,kittley's ,golia?1 ,alice     ,maud1   
,briti% ,que51 ,ross's ,phnix1 &        
,victoria4      ,among pi/illate        

v>ieties1 ! fl[]s are cup %ap$1         
compact1 ) ! sepals ( ! calyx sc>cely   
p]ceptible     betwe5 ! petals ( !      
corolla4 ,/am5s seldom visible1     & :5
 se5 at all !y are v m9ute1 n long] ?an 
! pi/ils at ! base ( receptacle1 nev]   
%[+ signs     ( hav+ f]tiliz+ p[]s1 z ! 
an!rs nev] exp&2     ! :ole rema9s      
p]fectly abortive4 ,pi/ils v num]\s1    
uni=m1 /\t1 long] ?an 9 p]fect fl[]s1 & 
h n     su* a fea!ry appe>ance z 9      
/am9ate sorts4 ,receptacle     l>ge1    
conical1 always com+ to p]fection1 & !  
in/ances     :]e pi/illate fl[]s d n    
produce b]ries are v r>e1     9 fact    
sc>cely ev] to be met )2 at lea/ my     
sorts h     prov$ s2 & x is reasonable  
to conclude t ?is has be5     occasion$ 
by ! sorts gr[+ toge!r4 ,! foll[+ sorts 
h prov$ pi/illate ) me4      ,b\rbon    
,p9e1 ,hudson1 ,swanson1 ,burr's ,p9e1  
,hovey's ,se$l+1     ,i[a1 & ,moyam5s+4 
,! v>ieties enum]at$1 ,i h gr[+ toge!r  
7bo?     pi/illate & /am9ate7 "u :at    
might be call$ !     ord9>y mode (      

cultivation 9 "o place2 & 9 ano!r       
completely isolat$ f !m1 ,i h a         
collection ( ! same     sorts :i* h /ood
 "s ye>s long]1 & are almo/ worn        
out4 ,b ?is diff]5ce ( situation1       
culture1 c4 don't at     all seem to h  
affect$ or 9 ! lea/ degree alt]$ !      
organs ( re-production 9 any v>iety2 =  
to me x seems t     ! "* ( pi/illate or 
/am9ate is z p]man5t &     un*angeable z
 9 any o!r decidu\s plant4      ,a writ]
 9 "o ( ! p]iodicals ( ! day1 supposes x
     possible t ! receptacle ( !        
/rawb]ry might enl>ge1     or ev5 come  
to p]fection )\t /am9ate influ5ce hav+  
at all be5 requir$4 ,t ! exp]im5t (     
plant+ a     pi/illate /rawb]ry 9 a     
situation :]e /am9ate influ5ce     c\ld 
n rea* x & t plant produce no b]ry1 is !
     fact2 z 0 prov$ by a cultivator 9  
?is neighborhood3     b x is to be hop$ 
t ! com+ season w be tak5     advantage 
( by _m ( y\r correspond5ts1 = mak+     
exp]im5ts t w place ?is "q 9 su* a cle> 
& =cible mann] be=e ! public1 s t all   

may be     conv9c$1 & ^? int]e/$ 9 !    
culture ( ?is fruit     may take        
advantage (1 & turn to good acc\nt !    
in=mation     receiv$4                  
,f4  ,we hope t ^? ( our fri5ds :o h    
made any obs]vations1 or h any?+ to say 
on ?is int]e/+ subject w be k9d en\gh to
 communicate !m to u4--,,ed4            
,,ammonia ,,on ,,plants4   ,! subject ( 
! action ( ,ammonia on plants is excit+ 
consid]able att5tion 9 ,engl&4 ,we copy 
bel[ f ! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle acc\nts (   
exp]im5ts1 ! fir/ ( :i* is be+ tri$ at !
 ,horticultural ,society's ,g>d54       
,m4 ,ville's mode ( giv+ ,ammonia to    
plants1 ) a view to     increase _! bulk
 & vig\r1 is be+ tri$ 9 ! l>ge     /ove 
9 :i* "o ( 8 app>atuses has be5 plac$4  
,x     consi/s ( two cle> glass bottles 
) long necks1 furni%$     ) tight-fitt+ 
corks1 9 ea* ( :i* is ins]t$ a small    
b5t glass tube4 ,^! two tubes are jo9$  
toge!r by means     ( an ,india-rubb]   
connection1 or small hose1 ?us =m+     a
 communication betwe5 ! two bottles4 ,9 

! cork ( "o     ( ! bottles is an escape
 tube 7also ( glass71 :i* is            
connect$ 7by means ( a small            
,india-rubb] hose71 ) o!r     small     
glass pipes t are laid all along &      
across ! b$1     & ?r\gh :i* ! ammonia  
is int5d$ to pass1 9 ord]     t x may be
 ! bett] diffus$ among ! plants4 ,:5 !  
bottles are put to "w1 "o is *>g$ )     
*alk1 on :i*     is p\r$ sulphuric acid1
 & ! o!r ) unslack$ lime1     ov] :i* is
 p\r$ a solution ( ammonia4 ,! result ( 
?is     exp]im5t w1 ( c\rse1 be publi%$ 
9 due "t4 ,its     conduct has be5      
entru/$ to ,mr4 ,spriggs1 ! "y man 9    
*>ge ( ! h\se1 :o is to note d[n its    
effects daily1 &     report ! same to ! 
,vice-,secret>y4 ,9 ano!r column w      
be f\nd "s fur!r acc\nt ( furni%+ plants
 ) m     ammonia ?an !y c get "u ord9>y 
circum/ances4      ,by ,mr4 ,deane1     
,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,ph>maceutical      
,society4     ,effects analog\s to ^?   
produc$ by ,m4 ,ville 7see la/     ye>'s
 volume1 p4 #gee71 ) ammoniat$ air on ! 

leaves     ( gr[+ plants1 h be5 obs]v$  
by me1 z ! results     ( apply+         
solutions ( ammoniacal salts to ! roots4
     ,my att5tion 0 fir/ effectively    
turn$ to ! subject     ab\t eight or t5 
ye>s s9ce1 :5 an ext5sive gr[] (        
,pel>goniums1 ,fu*sias1 & ,roses1 appli$
 to me = "s     rem$y = ! sickly        
condition ( 8 /ock2 :i*1 if left        
un*eck$1 w\ld insure a v sev]e loss to  
him4 ,on exam9+     ! plants !y 7 f\nd  
to be 9 a />v+ condition1     ! roots   
hav+ fill$ ! pots & exhau/$ ! soil2     
consequ5tly1 ! leaves _h lo/ _! heal?y  
gre5 col\r1     & become v pale1 ) a    
/rong t+e ( yell[2 ! l[]     leaves 7 q 
yell[1 spott$1 & fall+ (f4 ,! natural   
rem$y 0 obvi\sly fre% pott+1 b z !      
plants 7     already 9 pots be/ adapt$  
to answ] ! purposes ( !     gr[]1 "s o!r
 rem$y _h to be devis$4 ,i !re=e made   
a v weak solution ( sulphate & c>bonate 
( ammonia1 &     !re) wat]$ ! roots ( ! 
plants once a day1 9 !     ev5+2 & to   
insure any obs]v$ results z to ! effect 

( ! ammonia1 c]ta9 r[s ( ! plants on !  
/age ( !     gre5h\se 7 select$ = !     
exp]im5t4 ,9 a few days !     effects ( 
! ammonia 7 mo/ m>k$ & satisfactory4 ,! 
leaves began to put on a v rem>kable    
appe>ance1 ! c\rse     ( ! ve9s1 or     
spiral vessels1 becom+ p]fectly gre51   
! col\r comm5c+ at ! basal portion ( !  
midrib1 &     !nce spread+ ?r\gh all !  
reticulations1 until !     tissues 7    
p]fectly re/or$ to _! normal & heal?y   
condition2 &1 9 fact1 ! plants ?us      
treat$ look$ m     vigor\s ?an !y _h ev]
 done be=e1 be+ mu* d>k]     col\r &    
firm] 9 texture4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ^!   
plants     & ^? :i* _h receiv$ no       
ammonia left no d\bt ab\t     !         
effici5cy ( ! application4 ,i =get !    
effects ^u     ! fl[]+ ( ! ,pel>goniums1
 b !re 0 c]ta9ly no     defici5cy (     
fl[]s on ! ,fu*sias & ,roses2 !y 71     
moreov]1 f9] & bett] col\r$ ?an usual4  
,on a subsequ5t     occasion a          
g5tleman's g>d5] appli$ to me 9 a simil>
     dilemma2 he _h a h\se full ( fancy 

,pel>goniums prep>+     = a fl[]-%[1 at 
:i* he expect$ to take ! fir/     prize4
 ,j z ! trusses ( fl[] buds 7 em]g+1 &  
!re 0 e prospect ( a good bloom1 ! l[]  
leaves (     ! plants began to turn     
yell[ & spott$1 & !n to fall     (f1    
leav+ ! plants b>e1 :]e ! foliage 0     
consid]$     an ess5tial po9t ( beauty4 
,i exam9$ ! roots & f\nd     !m ne>ly   
fill+ ! pots1 x 0 !re=e evid5t !re     0
 n suffici5t nutrim5t left 9 ! pots to  
meet !     extra dem& made by ! l>ge    
numb] ( fl[]-buds2 !     latt] 71       
consequ5tly1 d]iv+ _! n\ri%m5t f !      
leaves--! natural /oreh\se ( ! food (   
plants dur+     ! gr[+ season--& ( c\rse
 exhau/$ ! l[] leaves     fir/4 ,!y 7   
treat$ precisely z 9 ! =m] in/ance1     
& ) ! same results2 ! l[] leaves became 
heal?y1     & ! fl[]-buds progress$     
fav\rably to maturity1 be+     ( good =m
 & col\r4 ,! success ( ^! exp]im5ts     
became kn[n to o!r g>d5]s 9 !           
neighb\rhood1 "s (     :om 7 equally    
successful1 :ile o!rs did n d]ive t     

satisfaction f ! use ( ! ammoniacal     
solution1 ei!r     f n und]/&+ !        
pr9ciple ( its application1 or     f a  
desire to accompli% m ?an !y 7 capable  
(1     :5 x frequ5tly happ5$ ! plants   
became too vigor\s to     fl[] well4    
,!re is no d\bt b t ,m4 ,ville is       
correct     9 /at+ t ! fl[]+ is arre/$  
if ! application     ( ammonia is made  
at a c]ta9 p]iod ( ! developm5t     ( ! 
fl[]-buds4 ,few plants if gr[n too      
vigor\sly w     fl[] well1 if at all4 ,a
 c]ta9 *eck 9 _! gr[? is     absolutely 
necess>y1 & ! summ]'s sun or w9t]'s     
cold1     "u ord9>y circum/ances1       
effects ?is p]fectly 9 ?is              
climate--! =m] by p]fect+ & cond5s+ !   
elaborat$     sap1 & ! latt] by arre/+  
vegetation altoge!r4     ,too mu*       
moi/ure & %ade cause ^? p>ts int5d$ =   
fl[]-buds to be develop$ z leaves4 ,9 ! 
,aloe tribe :5     ! fl[] /em is ?r[n   
up1 x is at ! exp5se ( !     out]       
leaves1 ! elaborat$ juices ( :i* x      
appropriates1     ! roots at ?is "t n   

be+ 9 action1 because x is     t[>ds !  
close ( a long p]iod ( dryness4 ,if :5 !
     fl[]-/em is beg9n+ to rise1 ! roots
 are wat]$1 all     fur!r developm5t ( !
 /em is arre/$1 ! leaves only     be+   
develop$4 ,! same ?+ takes place ) _m   
bulbs     ^: p]iod ( fl[]+ is n ! same z
 t = leaf+4     ,_m ,cape bulbs foll[   
?is law2 = example1 ! ,hman?us1     !   
fl[]+ ( :i* is at ! exp5se ( "s "o or m 
( ! out] coats4 ,if ^! plants are wat]$ 
at ! wrong     p]iod1 or if !y h _h n t 
prop] re/ :i* ,nature     design$ !y    
%\ld h "u ! influ5ce ( a roa/+     sun1 
su* z _! native c\ntry af=ds1 no fl[]s w
 be     produc$1 b 9 _! /ead a vigor\s  
developm5t ( leaves4     ,x w\ld appe>1 
!re=e1 t ! arre/ ( developm5t (     !   
fl[]s & fruits ( ! plants treat$ )      
ammonia1 is     n s mu* ! result ( any  
specific prop]ty possess$ by     ?is    
sub/ance1 z by its br++ ab\t            
artificially ^?     conditions :i* may  
occur naturally1 or be produc$ by o!r   
means4 ,also1 t ! application ( ammonia 

to plants may be     att5d$ by results  
v>y+ accord+ to ! conditions "u     :i* 
x is appli$1 & ! object x is desir$ to  
obta94     ,! foll[+ is ! =mula = !     
solution allud$ to 9     ! previ\s note 
by ,mr4 ,deane3--,sulphate ( ammonia1   
#gjjj     gra9s2 sesquic>bonate ditto1  
#ajjj gra9s2 wat]1 #hj fl4 oz4          
,dissolve4 ,( ?is solution "o fluid once
 to a gallon ( wat]     w make a        
solution1 suffici5tly /rong = all ord9>y
     purposes4--,ph>maceutical ,j\rnal4 
,,cal5d> ,,( ,,op]ations4               
,,disbudd+4--,?is op]ation does n appe> 
to be suffici5tly recognis$ 9 its prop] 
s5se z di/+ui%$ f prun+ & p9*+4 ,9 p]=m+
 ^! latt] op]ations we remove a portion 
( ! gr[+ %oot1 9 ! =m] case ! "y bud is 
remov$ z soon z x c be rubb$ (f4 ,^!    
op]ations are !re=e q di/9ct1 & _!      
di/9ction is ( mu* importance4 ,mo/     
fruit cultivators are aw>e t trees suff]
 mat]ially by sudd5ly depriv+ !m ( a    
l>ge portion ( foliage :ile 9 active    
gr[?1 & exp$i5ts are resort$ to 9 ord]  

to r5d] ! op]ation less injuri\s4 ,9    
spr+ :5 ! buds bur/1 att5tion %\ld be   
direct$ to ! quantity ( "y %oots        
desirable ei!r = fruit or uni=mity (    
gr[?2 ^! be+ secur$ all o!rs %\ld       
imm$iately be rubb$ (f4 ,z gr[? proce$s 
luxuriant %oots are /opp$ or _! po9ts   
p9*$ (f1 remov+ m or less ( ! %oot1     
accord+ to ! object to be atta9$4 ,if ! 
plant is v luxuriant1 m leaves may be   
remov$ & if e %oot ^u a tree is op]at$  
on 9 ?is mann] x am\nts to a sev]e *eck 
on its gr[?4 ,9 ! case ( "y trees1 or   
weakly ones1 :]e a c]ta9 =m is desir$1 !
 "y gr[+ po9t %\ld be bruis$ )\t remov+ 
any ( ! elaborat+ foliage1 secur+ d5sity
 ( habit )\t any p]ceptible *eck ( gr[?4
 ,suppose a %oot t has gr[n #ab or #ad  
in*es to be p9*$ back "o half ( its     
l5g?1 ! upp]mo/ bud w bur/ aga9 & ! o!rs
 rema9 comp>atively dormant2 b all[+ !  
same %oot to h be5 *eck$ 9 its          
longitud9al gr[?1 by p9*+ or bruis+ its 
extreme po9t1 x w be f\nd t all ! l[]   
buds w be b5efitt$ & sev]al additional  

%oots produc$4 ,we h allud$ to ?is      
subject m p>ticul>ly at pres5t z we are 
aw>e ( hav+ occasionally made use ( !   
t]m p9*+ :5 disbudd+ w\ld h be5 ! m     
appropriate expression4                 
,,/rawb]ries4--,prep>ations %\ld n[ be 9
 progress = secur+ plants = e>ly =c+    
next spr+4 ,v>i\s me?ods are adopt$ to  
get /rong plants1 su* z fill+ small pots
 ) ri* soil & plung+ !m 9 ! /rawb]ry    
pat*1 introduc+ a "y plant on ! pot1 &  
remov+ into l>g] ones :5 root$4 ,o!rs   
aga9 prep>e full siz$ pots at once &    
place !m 9 ?is mann]1 secur+ ! "y plant 
9 bo? cases ) a small /one laid on !    
surface4 ,:5 close att5tion is paid 9   
wat]+1 ^! plans are good4 ,an equally   
successful & less tr\blesome me?od is to
 prep>e a few squ>e y>ds ( gr\nd 9 a    
some:at %elt]$ situation1 manur+ x well 
& digg+ deeply1 & fill+ x ?ickly ) "y   
plants4 ,!y %\ld be p>tially %ad$ = a   
few days1 & duly wat]$4 ,9 ! c\rse (    
?ree or f\r weeks !y w lift ) good balls
 ( e>? & are pott$ at once 9 fruit+     

pots4 ,pi/ilo-/am9ate or h]maphrodite   
v>ieties are f\nd to produce bett] :5   
=c$ e>ly ?an pi/illate sorts4  ,root    
prun+ ( fruit trees is sometimes        
comm5dable1 & ! pres5t is ! prop] season
 = its m imm$iate b5eficial effects4 ,x 
is mo/ly p]=m$ on "y vigor\s trees t %[ 
no disposition to fruit4 ,by cutt+ away 
"s ( ! /ronge/ roots at ?is "t ! supply 
( sap w be less5$ & ! wood rip5+ process
 accel]at$4 ,no fruit ne$ be expect$ f  
badly rip5$ wood4 ,9 n9e cases out ( t5 
! non-appe>ance ( fruit on heal?y trees 
arises f ?is cause4 ,mild autumn wea!r  
induces gr[? to a late p]iod & sudd5    
fro/s arrive be=e ! wood is suffici5tly 
matur$4 ,?is is m p>ticul>ly noticeable 
on soils incl9$ to be wet1 & "h aga9 we 
p]ceive ! necessity ( und]gr\nd dra9s1 9
 ord] to remove surplus wat]4 ,x is an  
exce$+ly errone\s idea t dra9s are worse
 ?an useless 9 localities :]e long      
dr\ghts are ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! tru?
 is t dra9+ enhances humidity dur+ hot  
wea!r1 s9ce x enables ! soil to ex]cise 

its absorb+ prop]ties to ! fulle/ ext5t1
 !re be+ m air 9 ! soil wat] is reta9$ 9
 its pores1 con/itut+ a res]voir hold+ a
 la/+ supply :5 o!r s\rces fail4        
,,r5ovat+ ,,old ,,trees4--,mo/          
satisfactory results h be5 obta9$ f old 
& app>5tly worn out trees by *ang+ !    
soil ab\t _! roots1 or apply+ a top     
dress+ ( wood a%es1 guano1 salt & pla/] 
9 equal quantities1 all[+ ab\t "o bu%el 
( ! mixture to ea* tree4 ,if no?+ bett] 
is conv5i5t1 a heavy dress+ ( well made 
b>n manure =k$ 9 ab\t ! roots w h a     
decid$ effect4 ,! absorb+ po9ts ( !     
roots ext5d a consid]able di/ance f !   
trunk1 !re=e1 ! pr9cipal "p ( ! top     
dress+ %\ld embrace a circumf]5ce at    
lea/ equal to t ( ! bran*es4 ,x might be
 consid]$ unnecess>y to m5tion ?is v    
app>5t fact1 7 x n usual to obs]ve      
manure appli$ to ! /em in/ead ( ! roots4
  ,,grapes ,,"u ,,glass w n[ be approa*+
 maturity4 ,dryness bo? 9 soil &        
atmosph]e favors ?is process1 /ill !y   
mu/ n be all[$ to suff] = want ( moi/ure

 %\ld ! wea!r prove dry4 ,! "y gr[? may 
be /opp$ m rigidly z ! rip5+ process    
proce$s4 ,?is w conc5trate ! sap &      
/r5g!n ! buds = a future crop1 if p9*$  
back too sev]ely ^! buds may />t into   
gr[?1 :i* mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/4           
,,out-,,door ,,grapes w require att5tion
 9 ?9n+ out lat]al %oots & /opp+ o!rs   
especially ^? on be>+ %oots4 ,?9n+ out !
 b]ries is seldom practis$ on ^!1 nor1  
inde$ is x always necess>y4             
,occasionally1 h[ev]1 ! b]ries are s    
?ickly plac$ t room is n af=d$ !m to    
swell out & rip5 prop]ly4 ,by ?9n+ out a
 few ( ! mo/ c5tral & smalle/ b]ries1 ! 
fruit w rip5 e>li] & be mu* improv$ bo? 
9 size & flavor4                        
,s4 ,b4     ,,augu/4  ,,fl[] ,,g>d5 ,,& 
,,pleasure ,,gr\nd4   ,?is is ! mon? _m 
pref] to plant _! ev]gre5s1 & x is      
p]haps z good a "t z any4 ,take         
advantage ( a 8wet spell0 = ! op]ation4 
,be p>ticul>ly c>eful t z _m roots z    
possible are pres]v$4 ,if ?is c be well 
att5d$ to1 trees ( any size c be mov$   

successfully4 ,x becomes a "q ( p[]--(  
pr(it & loss4 ,if any am\nt ( p[] c be  
appli$1 & exp5se is no object1 ! l>ge/  
trees w move z easily z small ones4 ,9  
mov+ an ev]gre5 #bj feet high1 ,i       
comm5ce to op5 my 8tr5*0 #aj feet f !   
base ( ! trunk1 g d[n ab\t two feet1 &  
cont9ue to und]m9e & lay b>e ! roots _! 
full l5g?1 "r up to ! coll> ( ! tree4 ,i
 c>e no?+ = 8ball ( e>?40 ,if ,i h a    
good supply ( h&s at ! job1 ,i only c>e 
to keep !m aside a little to prev5t     
injury by ! op]ations ( ! workm54 ,if ,i
 h b few m51 ,i roll ! long roots1 z fa/
 z !y are expos$1 9 mats to keep !m     
moi/4 ,= me*anical means & adaptations  
to take out ! tree & convey x to its    
de/9ation1 an intellig5t workman is nev]
 at a loss4 ,trees tak5 up 9 ?is mann]  
sc>cely miss ! *ange2 & besides aft] !y 
are transplant$ !y require no /ak+1 z !y
 are capable ( )/&+ ! /ronge/ w9d ?r\gh 
_! long roots4  ,! broom %\ld be well   
appli$ to lawns at ?is season ( ! ye>1  
ev5 m s$ul\sly ?an 9 spr+4 ,_m species (

 we$ become s dw>f$ by ! summ]'s dr\ght1
 t !y fl[] & fruit bel[ ! rea* ( ! scy!1
 & c only be kept d[n by ! h>d sweep+4  
,i h se5 "s lawns almo/ ru9$ by ^! we$s1
 especially by "o ( ! nettle tribe4     
7,pilea pumila47--,conclusion 9 next    
numb]4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,x is a pity t ! rules     
adopt$ by ,flori/s are s v rigid1 t     
unless a fl[] equals a c]ta9 /&>d 9 %ape
 & m>k+s x mu/ be reject$4 ,la/ week we 
_h submitt$ to u by ,mr4 ,t4 ,f4 ,cr(t1 
a beautiful se$l+ ,v]b5a1 a lilac ) a   
broad /ripe ( :ite d[n ea* petal1 q     
di/9ct & v h&some1 b ! petals 7 too     
n>r[1 leav+ a l>ge space betwe5 ea* "o4 
,?is mu/ condemn x z a ,flori/'s fl[]1 b
 to all :o want a h&some & di/9ct v>iety
 x w be desirable4 ,he calls x 8 ,no4   
#c4 ,x is 9 /yle ( ,iphig5ie4         99
       99       99       99       99  ,!
 article on ,tile dra9+ 9 ! la/ numb]   
%\ld h be5 cr$it$ to ! ,ohio            
,cultivator4 ,we nev] int5tionally copy 
articles )\t cr$it4 ,we wi% t ,dr4 ,w>d]

 ( ! ,we/]n ,horticultural ,review 7 z  
consci5ti\s4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,,errata4--,9 !   
report ( ! ,m>yl& ,horticultural        
,society1 ! ,w9t] ,bon ,*reti5 pe>s 7   
%[n by ,mr4 ,fuss1 n ,mr4 ,fea/ z pr9t$4
 ,! premium = /rawb]ries 0 = 8! be/ #d  
di/9ct v>ieties1 #a qu>t ea*04