,transcrib] ,note ,text emphasis d5ot$ by ,italics4 ,:ole & fractional p>ts ( numb]s z #abc-d_/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,pr9cipio s$es ,apibus /atioque pet5da1 ---- ,virgil4 ,,humanity ,,to ,,honey-,,bees3 ,,or1 ,,practical ,,directions ,,= ,,! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,honey-,,bees ,,^u ,,an ,,improv$ ,,& ,,humane ,,plan1 ,,by ,,:i* ,,! ,,lives ,,( ,,bees ,,may ,,be ,,pres]v$1 ,,& ,,abundance ,,( ,,honey ,,( ,a ,,sup]ior ,,quality ,,may ,,be ,,obta9$1 ,,by ,,?omas ,,nutt4 ---- ,vos non vobis mellificatis ,apes3 ,sic --------------------------------- ,virgil4 ,,second ,,edition4 ,,wisbe*3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,h4 ,,& ,j4 ,,lea*1 ,,= ,,! ,,au?or1 ,,( ,,:om ,,x ,,may ,,be ,,_h ,,at ,,m\lton-,,*apel1 ,,or ,,at #aca1 ,,high ,,holborn1 ,,london4 ,,sold ,,also ,,by ,,longman ,,& ,,co4 ,,pat]no/]-,,r[1 ,,london4 ,price ,t5 ,%ill+s1 #ahcd4 ,,ent]$ ,,at ,,/ation]s' ,,hall4 ,also may be _h on application to my ag5t1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,neighb\r1 #aca1 ,high ,holborn1 ne> ,s\?ampton ,/reet1 ,london1 honey tak5 on ! pr9ciples "h specifi$1 ) hives /ock$ ) bees1 or un/ock$4 ,all lett]s mu/ be po/ paid to ! au?or4 ,,d$ication1 ,,by ,,p]mission1 ,,to ,,h] ,,mo/ ,,graci\s ,,maje/y1 ,,que5 ,,adelaide ,,may ,,x ,,please ,,y\r ,,maje/y1 ,to p5 a d$ication skilfully is g5]ally ! mo/ difficult "p ( an ,au?or's task2 b a d$ication to ,,royalty is s delicate a matt]1 t ,i almo/ tremble = ! success ( my und]tak+--tremble le/ ,i %\ld fail to express myself dutifully1 gratefully1 prop]ly2 ?\gh ,i am n )\t hope t y\r ,maje/y's goodness w graci\sly ext5d to ! ,au?or t degree ( indulg5ce ( :i* he is s5sible he /&s s mu* 9 ne$1 especially z no?+ unbecom+ a dutiful subject to write1 or improp] = a graci\s ,sov]eign to read1 is int5d$ to be "h express$4 ,z1 h[ev]1 e colony ( ,bees1 :]ev] domicil$1 :e!r 9 a box1 or 9 a cottage-hive1 9 ! ro( ( a h\se1 or 9 ! trunk ( a holl[-tree1 is "u an admirable gov]nm5t1 ! presid+ head & ,sov]eign ( :i* is a ,,que51--z no colony ( ,bees1 depriv$ ( its ,,que51 ev] prosp]s1 or long survives su* loss1--z ?is insect gov]nm5t1 or gov]nm5t ( insects1 exhibits to man ! mo/ p]fect patt]n ( devot$ atta*m5t1 & ( true allegiance on ! "p ( ! subject ,bees to _! ,sov]eign1 & ( indu/ry1 +5uity1 prosp]ity1 & app>5tly ( g5]al happ9ess 9 _! well-ord]$ /ate1--& z ^! mo/ curi\s & valuable little creatures h hi!rto be5 mo/ cruelly treat$--h be51 & /ill are1 annually sacrific$ by millions1 = ! sake ( _! sweet treasure2 ,i d feel a pleasure1 & ?9k !re is a sort ( analogical propriety1 9 d$icat+ to y\r ,graci\s ,maje/y ?is "w1 ! lead+ feature ( :i* is--,humanity to ,honey-,bees4 ,"u y\r ,maje/y's fo/]+ & influ5tial ,patronage1 ,i _c b anticipate t ?is object w be ess5tially promot$1 & t ! managem5t ( ,bees1 9 ?is c\ntry at lea/1 w n h]eaft] reflect disgrace ^u _! own]s4 ,9 ?is pleas+ hope1 ,i humbly beg to subscribe myself1 ,,y\r ,,maje/y',s mo/ dutiful & mo/ grateful ,subject & ,s]vant1 ,,?omas ,,nutt4 ,m\lton-,*apel1 ,l9coln%ire1 ,nov4 #bg?1 #ahcb4 ,,preface4 ,c\ld ,i dis>m criticism z easily z ,i c deprive ,bees ( _! p[] to /+1 ?is w\ld be ! prop] place to d s2 ?\gh ,i am d\btful :e!r x w\ld be well-judg$ 9 me1 or to my advantage1 to /ay ! critics' p54 ,b1 possess+ no su* talismanic p[]1 ,i %all adv5ture my little book into ! _w1 )\t any attempt to conciliate ! critics' good-w1 or to provoke _! animosity1 consci\s t f fair criticism ,i h no?+ to fe>4 ,t ,i %all be attack$ by ^? api>ians :o are w$d$ to _! own !ories & sy/ems1 h[ev] faulty1 is no m ?an ,i expect3 ( !m1 ,i tru/1 ,i h n[h]e spok5 disp>ag+ly2 t[>ds none ( !m d ,i ent]ta9 unk9dly feel+s--f> o!rwise4 ,_! numb]1 ,i am l$ to believe1 is n =midable2 & z g5tlem51 & fell[-lab\r]s 9 ! same "w ( humanity1 _! m ext5sive le>n+ w h>dly be br\ght to be> aga9/ me ) ranc\r & viol5ce4 ,%\ld any "o ( !m1 or ( any o!r class ( writ]s1 s f> degrade himself1 ,i %all h ! advantage ( ! foll[+ prelim9>y obs]vation1 viz4 t "o set ( my collat]al-boxes1 plac$ 9 a fav\rable situation1 & duly & prop]ly att5d$ to1 = "o season only1 w outweigh all ! le>n+ & argum5ts t c be adduc$ aga9/ my ,bee-practice1--w be pro( positive1 visible1 tangible1 t !re is 9 my pret5sions some?+ m ?an empty boa/4 ,luckily = me1 !re are pl5ty ( ^? pro(s to be met ) 9 ! c\ntry1 & !re are "s--sev]al1 n f> f t[n2 !y are at ,blackhea?1 at ,k5s+ton1 at ,clapham1 & at o!r places4 ,z hundr$s ( ! ,nobility & ,g5try ( ?is c\ntry w recollect1 !re 0 "o ( ^! incontrov]tible pro(s ( ! tru? ( :at ,i am /at+1 exhibit$ = sev]al weeks at ! ,national ,repository la/ autumn1 :]e x 0 se51 exam9$1 admir$1 &1 ,i may )\t any exagg]ation add1 univ]sally approv$4 ,practice1 :i* has result$ f m ?an t5 ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 ! managem5t ( an api>y1 & f innum]able exp]im5ts1 c>ri$ on1 & a hundr$ times repeat$1 dur+ t p]iod1 is :at ,i gr\nd ! utility ( my discov]ies ^u4 ,to !ory ,i lay no claim4 ,born & br\ght up 9 ! f5s ( ,l9coln%ire1 :]e ,i h sp5t ! great] "p ( my life amid/ difficulties1 mis=tunes1 & h>d%ips1 ( :i* ,i w n "h compla91 ?\gh ,i am /ill sm>t+ "u ! effects ( "s ( !m1 my pret5sions to le>n+ are b small3 =1 ?\gh s5t to ! respectable ,gramm> ,s*ool at ,hornca/le 9 my boyhood1 my education 0 n ext5d$ beyond writ+1 ari?metic1 & m]*ants' accompts4 ,z soon z x 0 ?\ght t ,i _h acquir$ a compet5t k ( ^! useful bran*es ( education1 x 0 my lot to be b\nd appr5tice to le>n ! trades & my/]ies ( groc]1 drap]1 & tall[-*&l]4 ,:il/ endeav\r+ to ga9 an hone/ livelihood z a groc] & drap]1 at ,m\lton-,*apel1 9 #ahbb1 ,i 0 afflict$ ) a sev]e illness1 :i*1 aft] long-protract$ suff]+1 left me z helpless z a *ild1 ! natural use & /r5g? ( my limbs be+ gone2 &1 ?\gh support$ by & tott]+ betwe5 my crut*es1 x 0 a long "t be=e ,i 0 able to crawl into my g>d54 ,fatigu$ & exhau/$ ) ! ex]cise ( j\rney+ ! l5g? ( a g>d5-walk ( no great ext5t1 x 0 my cu/om to re/ my we>i$ limbs ^u a b5* plac$ ne> my ,bees4 ,seat$ on t b5*1 ,i us$ to :ile away ! l+]+ h\rs z be/ ,i c\ld1 rum9at+ n[ on ?is subject1 n[ on t1 j z my fancy *anc$ to fix4 ,among o!r ?+s my ,bees "o day caught my att5tion3 ,i wat*$ _! busy movem5ts1--_! activity pleas$ me1--_! humm+ noise long-li/5$ to became music to my e>s1 & ,i (t5 fanci$ t ,i he>d x aft]w>ds :5 ,i 0 away f !m4 ,9 %ort1 ,i became fond ( !m & ( _! company1 & visit$ !m z (t5 z ! wea!r & my feebl5ess w\ld p]mit4 ,:5 kept f !m a day or two1 ,i felt uneasy1 & less com=table ?an :5 ,i c\ld get to !m4 ,! sw>m+ season arriv$2 & ) x ideas took possession ( my m9d :i* _h n until !n possess$ x3--,i conceiv$ t sw>m+ 0 an act m ( necessity ?an ( *oice1--t z su* x 0 an evil2 b h[ to provide a rem$y = x--h[ to prev5t x--0 a problem t !n puzzl$ me4 ,i /udi$ x = a long "t1 & to v little purpose4 ,! old-fa%ion$ me?od ( ek+ did n by any means satisfy my m9d2 x might answ] ! purpose = "o season1 b h[ to proce$ ! next did n appe>4 ,!n ! "t = tak+ honey 0 approa*+3 to get at t treasure )\t de/roy+ my little fri5ds t _h collect$ x1 & t _h1 moreov]1 s (t5 soo!d me 9 my sorr[ & my suff]+s1 0 ano!r problem t long engag$ my m9d4 ,aft] "s ye>s' unremitt$ att5tion to my ,bees1 = ,i _h =m$ a sort ( atta*m5t to !m dur+ ! fir/ /age ( my convalesc5ce1 :i* nev] left me1 an accid5t aid$ my /udies by direct+ my att5tion to ! effects ( v5tilation1 z w be f\nd relat$ 9 ! body ( ?is "w1 & ,i began to make exp]im5ts1 :i* be+ repeat$1 v>i$1 improv$1 & !n gone ?r\gh aga91 h gradually l$ to ! developm5t ( my improv$ mode ( ,bee-managem5t1 attempt$ to be expla9$ 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,at ! "t ,i h be5 speak+ (1 ,i _h n read "o s+le book on ,bees2 nor _h ,i !n "o 9 my possession4 ,:atev] my practice may be1 x has result$ f my own unaid$ exp]i5ce & discov]ies4 ,to books ,i am n indebt$ = any "p ( x3 nay1 _h ,i begun to attempt to improve ! sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t by books1 ,i v]ily believe1 ,i nev] %\ld h improv$ x at all1 nor h made "o useful discov]y4 ,! ,bees !mselves h be5 my in/ructors4 ,aft] ,i _h s f> succe$$ z to h f my api>y glasses & boxes ( honey ( a sup]ior quality1 to exhibit at ! ,national ,repository1 :]e1 ) grateful ?anks to ! ,manag]s ( t ,in/itution = _! k9dness to me1 ,i 0 enc\rag$ to p]sev]e1 ,bee-books 9 pr(usion 7 pres5t$ to me1 "s ( !m by fri5ds ) names1 "s by fri5ds ^: names ,i h yet to le>n4 ,i h read !m all3 b n[h]e f9d1 9 any ( !m1 cle>1 practical directions1 h[ honey ( ! v pure/ quality1 & 9 m consid]able quantity ?an by any ( ! plans h]et(ore propos$1 may be tak5 f ,bees1 )\t rec\rse to any suffocation :atev]1 or any o!r viol5t means2--h[ all ! ,bees may be pres]v$ un9jur$2--& h[ sw>m+ may be prev5t$4 ,^! are ! gr& features 9 my plan2 & m9ute directions = ! accompli%m5t ( ^! mo/ desirable objects are laid d[n 9 ?is book4 ,i by no means ma9ta9 t my sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t is incapable ( improvem5t2 b ,i d ?9k t ! pr9ciples ^u :i* x is f\nd$ are "r1--t ! f\ndation is "h prop]ly laid1--& t e api>ian1 :o may h]eaft] con=m to1 or improve ^u1 my practice1 w be in/rum5tal 9 contribut+ a "p t[>ds rais+ ! sup]/ructure--namely--an asylum or sanctu>y = ,honey-,bees4 ,i _c close ?is preface )\t ackn[l$g+ myself to be "u ! greate/ obligations to ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,cl>k1 ( ,g$ney-,hill4 ,b = 8 assi/ance ! foll[+ "w w\ld n h made its appe>ance 9 its pres5t =m2 if inde$ x _h appe>$ at all4 ,he has revis$1 correct$1 connect$1 & arrang$ ! mat]ials ( :i* x is compos$2 & he has1 moreov]1 gratuit\sly add$ mu* t is orig9al & valuable f 8 own ri* /ores ( k4 ,to him ,i am indebt$ = ! selection ( ! ,lat9 mottos4 ,z an api>ian he is "o ( my mo/ improv$ & skilful pupils1 & bids fair to become an ornam5t to ! sci5ce ( ,bee-managem5t4 ,z a me*anic he is +5i\s en\gh to make 8 own ,bee-boxes1 & has actually made "s ( ! v be/ ,i h yet se54 ,to 8 k ( me*anics x is ow+ t ! description & explanation ( ea* ( ! diff]5t boxes1 ( all ! o!r p>ts ( my ,bee-ma*9]y1 & ( my obs]vatory-hive1 9 p>ticul>1 are m detail$1 cle>]1 & m intelligible ?an !y w\ld h be5 9 my h&s4 ,z a s*ol> !re are passages 9 ! foll[+ "w t af=d no mean specim5 ( 8 abilities4 ,i h only to regret t ! rew>d = ! pa9s he has tak5 ) x mu/ be my ?anks--t x is n 9 my p[] to remun]ate him = 8 k9d lab\rs m sub/antially ?an by ?is public ackn[l$gem5t ( ! obligations ,i am "u1 & ( my s5se ( ! debt ( gratitude t is due to him4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,out ( pr9t1 ?\gh a some:at laconic1 might be a n inappropriate preface to ?is second edition1 & ( itself a qua9t apology = its appe>ance4 ,out ( pr9t is c]ta9ly exhil>at+ news to ! au?or anxi\s = ! success ( a "w inculcat+ a new sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t1 9 :i* n only is 8 reputation z an api>ian involv$ & evolv$1 b1 x may be1 ! v means ( 8 subsi/5ce are b\nd up 9 x2 ! (t5] !re=e he he>s ! bibliopoli/ expression--out ( pr9t--! m animat+ & welcome x becomes2 because its reit]ation c h>dly fail to be consid]$ by him an indication t ! dem& = 8 book cont9ues4--t 8 sy/em is progress+1--or1 at any rate1 t ei!r curiosity respect+ x1 or "s high] & m laudable motive1 is /ill exi/5t 9 ! public m9d4 ,?us *e]$ on1 ?us1 z x 71 encor$1 x has become 8 duty to ! public no less ?an to himself to proce$ =?) to ! publication ( a new edition4 ,previ\sly1 h[ev]1 to /at+ :at alt]ations1 em5dations1 c4 h be5 introduc$ 9 ord] to r5d] ! "w1 z f> z ,i am yet able to r5d] x1 wor?y a cont9uance ( public patronage1 ,i consid] x to be my duty to record my grateful ?anks = ! success & enc\ragem5t ,i h already receiv$4 ,to ! sci5tific & lit]>y press1 & to ! sev]al g5tlem5 ( sci5tific atta9m5ts connect$ !re)1 :o1 by _! influ5ce & k9d pr(essional assi/ance1 & promptitude 9 ! fur!rance ( my int]e/1 h greatly contribut$ to my success1 my be/ ?anks are due1 & are h]eby respectfully t5d]$3 among/ ^! ,i h s9c]e pleasure 9 p>ticul>iz+ ,dr4 ,,birkbeck--! tal5t$ ,presid5t ( ! ,london ,me*anics' ,in/itution1--,dr4 ,,hancock--,fell[ ( ! ,m$ico-,botanical ,society--a vet]an ( high & e/eem$ atta9m5ts1--& ,mr4 ,,boo?--! popul> ,lectur] on ,*emi/ry--a "y man ( fir/-rate abilities4 ,to ,j4 ,c4 ,london--! erudite editor ( ! ,g>d5]s' ,magaz9e1--to ,e4 ,j4 ,rob]tson1 ,esq4--! able & +5i\s editor ( ! ,me*anics' ,magaz9e1--to ,ri*>d ,newcomb--! editor & publi%] ( ! ,/am=d ,m]cury1--& to ! sev]al editors ( ! ,metropolitan & ,prov9cial ,press1 :o h made fav\rable m5tion ( my lab\rs1 my public ?anks are ju/ly due1--& p>ticul>ly to ! editor ( ! ,cambridge ,qu>t]ly ,review1 = a highly comm5datory notice ( my "w1 evid5tly writt5 by a practical api>ian1 & ) compet5t k ( 8 subject1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,no4 #c ( t ,review1 publi%$ 9 ,m>* #ahcd4 ,also to my long-tri$1 wor?y ,fri5d--,george ,neighb\r--x is gratify+ to me to h ?is opportunity ( (f]+ my s9c]e ?anks = 8 valuable s]vices 9 my behalf2--& to ! conductors ( ^? excell5t & useful in/itutions--! ,national ,gall]y ( ,practical ,sci5ce1 ,adelaide ,/reet1--& ! ,museum ( ,national ,manufactures1 ,leice/] ,squ>e1 ,london1 ,i gratefully ackn[l$ge myself to be "u no slight obligations = ! advantage\s opportunities :i* ,i h !re possess$ ( ext5d+ ! k ( my sy/em1 & ( exhibit+1 ye> aft] ye>1 to ?\s&s ( visitors1 ! products ( my api>y4 ,) ! view ( mak+ ,! ,humane ,managem5t ( ,honey-,bees m int]e/+1 ! dialogue1 :i* =m$ ! introductory *apt] 9 ! fir/ edition1 has be5 )drawn1 & 9 its place h be5 sub/itut$ "s valuable rem>ks ( ,dr4 ,birkbeck1 ,dr4 ,hancock1 & ,mr4 ,boo?1 respect+ ,bees1 honey1 wax1 c4 ( c\rse ! fir/ *apt] is new2 z is *apt] ,x4 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! api>y ( ! ,mo/ ,noble ! ,m>quess ( ,bl&=d1 at ,delab]e ,p>k1 :i* c h>dly fail ( be+ int]e/+ to e read]3 x is pr9cipally f ! able p5 ( ,mr4 ,boo?4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 on ,api>ian ,societies1 is new also4 ,&1 besides ^! ?ree entire *apt]s1 n %ort p>agraphs m]ely1 b :ole pages ( new matt] h be5 introduc$ int]sp]s$ly by my mo/ respect$ fri5d--! ,rev4 ,t4 ,cl>k1 ( ,g$ney-,hill1 :o has revis$1 correct$1 & re-arrang$ ! :ole2 & :o has n only be/[$ mu* "t & pa9s ^u ! improvem5t ( my "w1 b 9 ! k9de/ & mo/ dis9t]e/$ mann] has1 9 sup]9t5d+ ?is & ! =m] edition ?r\gh ! press1 actually travell$ upw>ds ( eight hundr$ miles4 ,! fri5dly p]=m] ( s]vices s g5]\s1 s labori\s1 & s p]sev]+ly att5d$ to1 )\t any /ipulation = fee or rew>d1 m]its f me1 & has f me1 e expression ( my gratitude1 &1 7 x 9 my p[]1 %\ld h "o expression m4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,*apt] ,page ,i4 ,introductory ,matt]s #a ,,ii4 ,bee-,boxes & ,managem5t ( ,bees 9 !m #ad ,,iii4 ,v5tilation #di ,,iv4 ,!rmomet] #eh ,v4 ,on ,driv+ ,bees #ij ,,vi4 ,inv]t$-,hive #if ,,vii4 ,obs]vatory-,hive #ajg ---- ,mode ( ,/ock+ an ,obs]vatory-,hive #aai ,,viii4 ,fumigation #aba ,,ix4 ,objections aga9/ ,pil+ ,boxes #ace ,x4 ,api>y at ,delab]e ,p>k #adi ,,xi4 ,honey-,bees #aef ---- ,= ! ,/+ ( a ,bee #aga ,,xii4 ,impregnation ( ! ,que5-,bee #age ,,xiii4 ,sup]num]>y ,que5s #aha ,,xiv4 ,bee-,fe$+ #aij ---- ,bee-,food #bjj ,,xv4 ,catalogue ( ,bee-,fl[]s1 c4 #bjf ,,xvi4 ,honey-,comb #baa ---- ,bees' ,wax #bcb ,,xvii4 ,w9t] ,situation = ,bees #bcg ,,xviii4 ,api>ian ,societies #bdf ,,xix4 ,miscellane\s ,directions #bec ,,index ,,to ,,! ,,engrav+s4 ,frontispiece1 to face title4 ,page ,octagonal-,cov] = ! ,pavilion #af ,collat]al-,boxes ap>t #ag ,ditto clos$4 #bi ,inv]t$-,hive #ajj ,obs]vatory-,hive #aji ,ditto ) additions #aah ,fumigator #abc ,t[] at ,delab]e to face #adi ,! ,?ree ,bees #aeg ,honey-,comb #bac ,,managem5t ,,( ,,bees4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory ,,matt]s4 ,! object ( ! g5]ality ( p]sons :o keep ,bees1 is--pr(it3 & t pr(it might be indef9itely augm5t$ 7 ,bees prop]ly manag$1 & _! lives pres]v$--7 ! /ill ext5sively-practis$1 cruel1 & de/ructive sy/em sup]s$$ by a cons]vative "o4 ,"s few !re may be 9 ! high] ranks ( life1 :o cultivate bees f motives ( curiosity--= ! gratification ( witness+ & exam9+ ! =mation & progress ( _! +5i\s & mo/ beautiful works1 & ) a view to /udy ! in/9ct1 habits1 prop5sities1 peculi>ities1 or1 9 "o ^w1 ! nature1 ( ^! wond]ful1 little insects1 9 ord] to improve _! condition1 & to ga9 additional k respect+ _! natural hi/ory1 hi!rto1 x mu/ be confess$1 envelop$ 9 mu* unc]ta9ty1 & v imp]fectly und]/ood4 ,to ?is class ( ,bee-ma/]s & ,bee-fri5ds ! sy/em ( managem5t to be expla9$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 w1 x is hop$1 unfold discov]ies & imp>t facilities & improvem5ts hi!rto unkn[n 9 api>ian sci5ce4 ,& !y1 ^: sole object 9 keep+ ,bees is pr(it1 may d]ive incalculable advantage f con=m+ to ! mode ( managem5t1 & /rictly att5d+ to ! practical directions h]e9aft] to be detail$3 because z _! pr(its are expect$ to arise pr9cipally f honey & wax1 x evid5tly mu/ be = _! int]e/ to "k h[ to obta9 ^? valuable ,bee-productions 9 _! pure/ /ate & 9 ! greate/ quantity4 ,! quantity obta9$ 9 a good honey-ye> 7viz4 #ahbf7 f a well-/ock$ & exce$+ly prosp]\s colony--/ill 9 exi/5ce1 & /ill fl\ri%+1 7i4 e4 9 #ahcd7 0 s consid]able1 & s f> beyond any?+ ev] realiz$ f a common /raw-hive colony1 t my /atem5ts respect+ x h be5 d\bt$ by "s1 & totally discr$it$ by o!rs1 unacqua9t$ ) my 7,i tru/ ,i may say7 improv$ sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t4 ,) respect to ! purity ( ! honey tak5 accord+ to my plan1 & ! g5]al prop]ties & m$ical virtues1 &1 ( c\rse1 value ( honey :5 pure1 ,i h mu* pleasure 9 be+ enabl$ to submit to ! read] ! op9ions ( my sci5tific fri5ds--,dr4 ,birkbeck1 ,mr4 ,abraham ,boo?1 ,lectur] on ,*emi/ry1 & ,dr4 ,hancock2 because _! op9ions may safely be consid]$ z unimpea*able au?ority on ?is subject1 viz4 ! uses & m$ical virtues ( pure honey4 ,9 "s obs]vations on ! effect ( ! temp]ature ( ,bee-hives on ! quality ( honey1 publi%$ 9 a sci5tific j\rnal1 ,mr4 ,boo? obs]ves--not)/&+ ! adequate ju/ice :i* has be5 done to ,mr4 ,nutt's improv$ & admirable sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t1 !re is "o po9t :i* does n appe> to h elicit$ mu* att5tion--! sup]iority 9 quality bo? ( ! honey & ! wax4 ,x does n appe> to me t ! :ole ( ?is sup]iority consi/s 9 fre$om f extrane\s animal or vegetable matt]s1 a po9t ( v great importance1 h[ev]1 z its dietetic purposes are conc]n$2 b t x greatly dep5ds ^u ! modifi$ degree ( temp]ature at :i* ! ,bees effect _! lab\rs1 & :i* is insuffici5t to produce any *emical *anges 9 ! con/itution ( ^! sub/ances2 :]eas "u ! old sy/em1 ! cont9u$ high temp]ature ( ! hive is suffici5t to induce ^? *anges :i* imp>t ! col\r t s mat]ially det]iorates ! quality z well z ! value ( ! products4 ,f ,mr4 ,nutt's hives we obta9 pure honey1 z x is actually secret$ by ! ,bee1 :i* _c be ensur$ by any o!r mode ( managem5t4 ,to my v intellig5t fri5d & patron1 ,dr4 ,birkbeck1 ^: uni=m lib]ality & k9dness1 f ! infancy ( my pursuits1 ,i h reason to appreciate1 ,i am indebt$ = introduc+ ?is subject 9 a ,lecture,a at ! ,london ,in/itution1 ,moorfields1 on ! application ( ! oxy-hydrog5 light to illu/rate ! economy & /ructure ( ! insect _w4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 obs]vations1 on ref]r+ to ! tongue ( ! ,bee1 ! le>n$ ,doctor made copi\s allusions to my sy/em1 & ! advantages :i* w\ld 9 8 view result f its g5]al ext5sion4 ,he obs]v$ t s small is ! supply t we d]ive f ! lab\rs ( ,bees 9 ?is c\ntry1 t ! production ( wax does n ev5 m ?an equal its consumption 9 ! simple article ( lip-salve4 ,"u ?is improv$ sy/em1 we may h[ev] hope t ! advantages ( ,bee-managem5t may be m g5]ally diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! k+dom1--t ,bee-hives w be multipli$1 & t ! *oice/ fl[]s ( ! field & =e/ w no long] 'wa/e _! sweetness 9 ! des]t air4' ,9 a dietetic po9t ( view1 x is ( great importance t a sac*>9e1 secret$ by "o ( ! mo/ beautiful processes ( nature1 %\ld be sub/itut$ = "o produc$ by ! mo/ imp]fect & complicat$ process ( art1 :il/ ! m salut>y prop]ties ( ! =m] w\ld recomm5d x z f> m eligible = use4 ,he c\ld n b hope t1 9 ?is view ! sy/em w\ld soon receive t ext5sion 9 practice to :i* its m]its fitt$ x4,b ,footnote ,a3 ,deliv]$ ,april #bc;d #accd4 ,footnote ,b3 ,dr4 ,birkbeck relat$ ! foll[+ in/ance ( ! p[] ( recognition possess$ by ,bees to myself & ,mr4 ,boo?1 :i* ,i _c suff] to pass unnotic$4 ,:5 a boy1 he 0 accu/om$ to cov] 8 h& ) honey1 & g to ! front ( "o ( ! hives 9 8 fa!r's g>d54 ,8 h& 0 soon cov]$ by ! ,bees1 banquett+ on ! pr(f]$ sweets1 & ! :ole ( x 0 spe$ily remov$4 ,! ,bees appe>$ to recognize ! le>n$ ,doctor ev] aft]w>ds :5 he appe>$ 9 ! g>d51 8 h& be+ always surr\nd$ by !m 9 expectation ( !re f9d+ _! accu/om$ boon4 ,"s v important obs]vations on honey1 9 a m$ical po9t ( view1 are ^? :i* 7 conta9$ 9 a pap] writt5 by my v le>n$ & valu$ fri5d1 ,dr4 ,hancock1 & read be=e ! ,m$ico-,botanical ,society at _! sitt+ ,novemb] #bf? #ahcc4;,c ,footnote ,c3 ,= a copy ( ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1 ) specim5s ( honey1 c4 ! au?or receiv$ ! ?anks ( ! ,society2 & he has s9ce be5 hon\r$ ) a diploma1 :i* con/itutes him a correspond+ memb] !re(4 ,an ab/ract ( ?is important pap],d ,i %all communicate = ! in=mation ( my read]s4 ,footnote ,d3 ,an ab/ract ( ! pap] 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,lancet & sev]al o!r j\rnals4 ,! great objects :i* recomm5d ,mr4 ,nutt's plan1 consi/ 9 ! great improvem5t 9 quality & augm5tation ( honey produc$1 & t )\t de/roy+ ! ,bees--a discov]y equally cr$itable to ,mr4 ,nutt1 z a man ( b5evol5t m9d1 & to 8 indu/ry & indefatigable rese>*4 ,! cultivation ( ,honey-bees is ( remote antiquity4 ,! ,bee 0 reg>d$ z ! emblem ( royalty ) ! anci5t ,egyptians1 & ,bees h be5 held 9 ! highe/ e/eem by all nations1 :e!r b>b>\s or civiliz$2 yet ! unit$ exp]i5ce ( anci5ts & mod]ns has nev] hi!rto l$ to ! happy results1 :i*1 by a connect$ s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 pati5t rese>*1 & logical induction1 h 9 twelve ye>s be5 a*iev$ by ,mr4 ,nutt4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 obs]vation he saw1 n only t ! de/ruction ( ! ,bees 0 b>b>\s 9 ! extreme1 b t ?is cruelty 0 equally subv]sive ( ! crops ( honey2 8 inquiries 7 h5ce direct$ to f9d h[ ?is de/ructive sy/em c\ld be ex*ang$ = a cons]vative "o4 ,9 ?is he has completely succe$$1 & by pres]v+ ! ,bees has be5 enabl$ to increase _! produce _m-fold1 & t too1 9 a f> m salut>y & improv$ quality4 ,x is equal ev5 to ! samples usually obta9$ f "y hives call$ virg9 honey1 :i* is sc>ce1 de>1 & seldom to be _h g5u9e4 ,ow+ to ! want ( k on ! subject1 ! consequ5t impurities1 & ! great price ( =eign honey1 toge!r ) ! adult]ations practis$1 ! use ( ?is valuable article has be5 ne>ly ab&on$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 :e!r z an article ( ! mat]ia m$ica or ( dome/ic economy2 & = ! reasons j /at$1 ! prep>ations ( honey h ev5 be5 expung$ f ! ,ed9burgh ,ph>macopeia4 ,f ! rec5t improvem5t1 h[ev]1 by ! g5tleman j m5tion$1 we h reason to hope its use w be re/or$ 9 a condition va/ly improv$1 & t at a great r$uction 9 price1 ! facilities ( production be+ greatly enhanc$1 & su* z to r5d] x 9 "t available to all classes ( society4 ,pure honey 0 ju/ly consid]$ by ! anci5ts to possess ! mo/ valuable balsamic & pectoral prop]ties--z a l5itive1 ecoprotic1 & det]g5t2 & x is well-kn[n to dissolve viscid phlegm & promote expectoration4 ,z a m$ium = o!r rem$ies1 x is 9 its pure /ate f> sup]ior to sirups1 z be+ less liable to run into ! acet\s f]m5tation4 ,x appe>s t honey procur$ on ,mr4 ,nutt's plan is n excell$ by ! f9e/ & mo/ co/ly samples f ! cont95t1 z t ( ,m9orca1 ,n>bonne1 or ,montpeli]4 ,! v>i\s impurities & extrane\s matt] usually conta9$ 9 honey1 cause x 9 _m cases to produce grip+ pa9s1 or uneasy s5sations 9 ! /oma* & b[els2 ?is h[ev] has no su* effect1 unless x be tak5 to an imprud5t ext5t4 ,pure honey1 ?\gh 9 its ultimate elem5ts simil> to ref9$ sug>1 yet diff]s consid]ably 9 its physiological effects on ! body1 be+ a l5itive1 ap]i5t or g5tle laxative1 & h5ce incomp>ably m b5eficial 9 co/ive habits4 ,x has 9 a dietetic or m$ic9al po9t ( view be5 recomm5d$ 9 gravel or calcul\s compla9ts2 ( ?is h[ev] ,i h no k1 b its utility 9 a/hma ,i h exp]i5c$ 9 my own p]son z well z 9 o!rs2--z also z an efficaci\s rem$y 9 hoop+ c\gh1 tak5 ) antimonial w9e1 camphor1 arid opium4 ,= s$5t>y p]sons & ^? tr\bl$ ) con/ipation ( ! b[els1 !re is no dietetic or m$ic9al sub/ance s useful z pure honey1 :e!r tak5 9 dr9k or ) bread & butt]1 c4 ,x is well-kn[n z a det]g5t ( f\l sores1 & ,i h (t5 f\nd x to succe$ 9 heal+ deep-seat$ s9u\s or fi/ul\s ulc]s1 & ?us to obviate ! necessity ( surgical op]ations4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica & among/ ! ,spani>ds1 honey is consid]$ z "o ( ! be/ det]g5ts = sl\gh+ sores & f\l ulc]ations2 s x 0 =m]ly 9 ,europe4 ,its uses 9 a surgical po9t ( view h 9 ?is c\ntry long be5 lo/ sight (4 ,its det]g5t p[] is su*1 t x 0 =m]ly d5om9at$ a vegetable soap1 z we may see 9 ! old] writ]s4 ,x is /ill made ! basis ( cosmetics1 & ?is empirical practice goes to prove its efficacy--to ^? at lea/ :o h exp]i5c$ its effects 9 cleans+ & heal+ s9u\s ulc]s1 its /imulat+ prop]ty produc+ )al ! sanit>y adhesive inflammation4 ,a species ( w9e made f honey1 call$ me!gl9 & mead--! mulsum ( ! anci5ts--0 =m]ly mu* 9 use 9 ?is c\ntry1 & mo/ des]v$ly s f its pleasant ta/e & salut>y prop]ties4 ,by ! p]fection ( honey1 ?is may n[ be obta9$ no d\bt ( equal excell5ce "h1 & a ri* melliflu\s species ( w9e ( ! mo/ :olesome k9d w be acquir$1 & op5 a new s\rce ( national indu/ry4 ,x has be5 said1 t :]e ! air is cle> & hot1 honey is bett] ?an :]e x is v>iable & cold1 & ?is seems to h s]v$ z an apology = ! inf]iority ( mu* ( ! honey conta9$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is a position1 :i* ,i am p]suad$ is n well f\nd$2 = ! honey 9 hot climates1 not)/&+ ! fragrance ( ! fl[]s1 is mo/ly inf]ior to ! commone/ samples produc$ "h4 ,?is inf]iority1 h[ev]1 may be entirely ow+ to ! diff]5ce 9 ! ,bees--= ,i speak "h ( ! wild or native honey--& x is probable t ! apis mellifica might1 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 on ,mr4 ,nutt's plan1 produce ! be/ ( honey1 & 9 v great abundance1 because x w\ld !re "w all ! ye>1 & ! product !re=e w\ld be greatly increas$4 ,i h se5 honey tak5 9 ! =e/s ( ,s\? ,am]ica f sev]al diff]5t species ( ,bees2 !y 7 always de/itute ( a /+1 al?\gh entomologi/s consid] x z "o ( ! g5]ic *>act]s ( apis4 ,x is also s+ul> t _! wax is always black1 or d>k br[n1 al?\gh ! poll5 ( ! fl[]s1 :i* is said to give col\r1 is equally yell[ z 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,bees obta9 honey f mo/ k9ds ( fl[]s1 b appe> 9 g5]al to pref] ! labiati or lip fl[]s1 z ^? ( sage1 m>joram1 m9t1 ?yme1 lav5d]1 c4 ,mr4 ,nutt1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 obs]vation1 has notic$ ! curi\s fact1 t ! nect> or honey obta9$ f diff]5t plants is c>efully deposit$ by ! ,bees 9 sep>ate cells1 or at lea/ t ! nect> f diff]5t g5]a ( plants is kept di/9ct4 ,x appe>s inde$1 t ! produce ( ! fl[]s is class$ by !m1 & arrang$ ) a precision n inf]ior to t ( ! mo/ accurate botani/4 ,:at b a h& ,div9e c\ld guide ^! little insects ?us to mock ! boa/$ p[] ( human reason6 ,?is consid]ation too1 c\pl$ ) our own int]e/s1 %\ld op]ate z a p[]ful argum5t 9 fav\r ( ,mr4 ,nutt's new cons]vative sy/em ( managem5t1 & aga9/ ! reckless de/ruction ( ! ,bees4 ,mr4 ,nutt has already be5 patronis$ by ! ,royal ,family & sev]al ( ! nobility1 & no d\bt 8 plan w be adopt$ by all p]sons ( intellig5ce1 :o engage 9 ?is pursuit1 :e!r = pr(it or ! mo/ rational amusem5t4 ,:5 ,i fir/ ent]$ into my api>ian pursuits1 ,i felt conv9c$ ( ! great & pr(itable ext5t to :i* !y might be c>ri$2 & ( ?is ,i h be5 all along s9ce confirm$ z success has cr[n$ my ef=ts4 ,if ,i c\ld demon/rate--& ,i h repeat$ly demon/rat$--h[ mu* honey might be increas$ 9 quantity1 its sup]ior quality also /ruck me z a po9t ( no less importance2 & 9 ?is ,i am n[ mo/ satisfactorily confirm$ by ! sanction ( ^? sci5tific fri5ds ^: valuable op9ions h be5 above quot$4 ,) alacrity & pleasure ,i w !re=e proce$1 )\t fur!r introduction1 to give a description ( my ,bee-boxes1 & o!r hives1 & ( all my ,bee-ma*9]y1--& directions = ! prop] con/ruction ( !m1--& also = ! prop] ord]+ & managem5t ( ,bees 9 !m4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,bee-,,boxes ,,& ,,managem5t ,,( ,,bees ,,9 ,,!m4 ,! s*emes & contrivances1 & ways & means1 to :i* api>ians h _h rec\rse1 9 ord] to deprive ,bees ( _! honey1 )\t at ! same "t de/roy+ _! lives1 h be5 v>i\s1 & "s ( !m +5i\s2 b hi!rto n "o ( !m has be5 cr[n$ ) ! desir$ success4 ,! leaf-hives ( ,dunb> & ( ,hub]--,hui%'s hive ) cross-b>s1--! pil+ ( hive ^u hive1 or box ^u box1 7call$ /orify+71 & sev]al o!r contrivances1 h all _h ?is great object 9 view1--h all _h _! patrons & admir]s1--h all _h fair trials1--b h1 not)/&+1 all fail$ ( fully accompli%+ x4 ,:e!r my inv5tions may m]it & may meet ) a simil> or ) a bett] fate1 x is n = me to pr$ict1--"t w %[4 ,i feel w>rant$1 h[ev]1 9 ass]t+ ( my ,,collat]al-,,box-,,hive1 :i* ,i am n[ ab\t to expla91--( my ,,inv]t$-,,hive1 & ( my ,,obs]vatory-,,hive1 ( :i* 9 _! prop] places m9ute descriptions w be giv51--,i feel1 ,i say1 w>rant$ 9 ass]t+ t ^!--my inv5tions--possess su* conv5i5ces & accommodations bo? = ,bees & ,bee-ma/]s1 t ! pure treasure /or$ 9 !m by ^? indu/ri\s1 little insects may at any "t be ab/ract$ f !m1 n only )\t de/roy+ ! ,bees1 b )\t injur+ !m 9 ! lea/1 or ev5 incommod+ _! lab\rs by ! op]ation2--t !y af=d accommodations to ! ,bees :i* greatly accel]ate ! progress ( _! lab\rs 9 ! summ]-season2--& t ! ,bees nev] leave !m 9 disgu/1 z x 71 z !y n unfrequ5tly d leave o!r hives1 aft] be+ depriv$ ( _! /ores2 b1 z if no?+ _h happ5$ to !m1 cont9ue day by day to accumulate fre% treasures1 ! quantity ( :i* has a/oni%$ ! behold]s1 & n only ! quantity1 b ! quality also4 ,t my boxes d n1 admit ( improvem5t is m ?an ,i ass]t2 b hav+ work$ !m mo/ successfully = _m ye>s1 & kn[+ t sev]al o!r p]sons1 foll[+ my directions1 h succe$$ ) !m z well z myself1 & f> beyond _! mo/ sangu9e expectations1 ,i d flatt] myself t ! pr9ciple ( manag+ ,bees aft] my plan is "r4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! plates "h pres5t$ to my read]s exhibit a set ( my collat]al ,bee-boxes op51 & e comp>tm5t expos$ to view1 especially to ! view & = ! exam9ation ( exp]i5c$ workm54 ,i make use ( ! ^w exp]i5c$1 because ! bett] ! boxes are made1 ! m c]ta9 w ! api>ian be ( success 9 ! managem5t ( 8 ,bees 9 !m4 ,!re has be5 "s diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! mo/ suitable dim5sions = ,bee-boxes4 ,i approve ( & recomm5d ^? :i* are f elev5 to twelve in*es squ>e inside1 & n9e or t5 in*es deep 9 ! cle>4 ,! be/ wood = !m is by "s said to be r$ c$>2 ! *ief gr\nds ( pref]5ce ( :i* wood are--its effects 9 keep+ mo?s out ( ! boxes1 & its be+ a bad conductor ( heat4 ,b ( :atev] k9d ( wood ,bee-boxes are made1 x %\ld be well season$1 p]fectly s\nd1 & free f :at c>p5t]s t]m %akes4 ,good1 s\nd1 r$ deal answ]s ! purpose v well1 & is ! sort ( wood ( :i* mo/ ( my boxes h be5 made hi!rto4 ,! sides ( ! boxes1 p>ticul>ly ! front sides1 %\ld be at ! lea/ an in* & a half 9 ?ickness2 = ! ends1 top1 & back-"p1 good deal "o in* ?ick is suffici5tly sub/antial2 ! ends1 t =m ! int]ior divisions & op5+s1 mu/ be ( half-in* /uff1 well dress$ (f1 s t1 :5 ! boxes & ! divid+-t9s are clos$1 t is1 :5 !y are all plac$ toge!r1 ! two adjo9+ ends %\ld n exce$ five-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,^! communication-ends1 ! b>s ( :i* %\ld be exactly p>allel ) ea* o!r1 =m a communication1 or a division1 z ! case may require1 :i* is v important to ! ,bees1 & by :i* ! said boxes c be imm$iately divid$ )\t injur+ any "p ( ! combs1 or delug+ ! ,bees ) ! liquid honey1 :i* s frequ5tly annoys !m1 by extract+ _! sweets f ! pil$ or /orifi$ boxes4 ,?is is n ! only advantage my boxes possess3 ! receptacles or frame-"w = ! v5tilators1 :i* appe> ^u ea* ( ! end-boxes1--! "o ) ! cov] (f1 ! o!r ) x on--mu/ be f\r in*es squ>e1 ) a p]=at$1 flat t9 ( ne>ly ! same size1 & 9 ! middle ( t t9 mu/ be a r\nd hole1 to correspond ) ! hole ?r\gh ! top ( ! box1 & 9 ! c5tre ( ! frame-"w j m5tion$1 an in* 9 diamet]1 to admit ! p]=at$1 cyl9d]1 t9 v5tilator1 n9e in*es long4 ,?is flat t9 mu/ h a smoo? piece ( wood well-made to fit x closely1 & to cov] ! frame-"w j m5tion$1 s z to c>ry ! wet (f x1 !n plac+ ?is cov] ov] ! squ>e1 p]=at$ t91 y\r box w be secure f ! action ( w9d & ra94 ,! p]=at$ cyl9d] s]ves bo? = a v5tilator1 & also = a secure & conv5i5t receptacle = a !rmomet]1 at any "t :5 x is necess>y to asc]ta9 ! temp]ature ( ! box into :i* ! cyl9d] is ins]t$4 ,)9 ?is frame-"w1 & s t ! p]=at$1 flat t9 already describ$ may completely cov] !m1 at ea* corn] make a hole ) a ?ree-eigh?s c5tre-bit ?r\gh ! top ( ! box4 ,^! f\r small holes mat]ially assi/ ! v5tilation1 & are1 9 fact1 an ess5tial "p ( x4 ,we next come to ! long floor1 on :i* ! ?ree squ>e ,bee-boxes1 7,a4 ,c4 ,c471 :i* con/itute a set1 /& collat]ally4 ,?is floor is ! /rong top ( a long1 %all[ box1 made = ! express purpose ( support+ ! ?ree ,bee-boxes1 & mu/1 ( c\rse1 be sup]ficially ( su* dim5sions z ^? boxes1 :5 plac$ collat]ally1 require2 or1 if ! ,bee-boxes project ! eigh? "p ( an in* ov] ! ends & back ( ?is floor-box1 s mu* ! bett]2 because 9 t case ! ra9 or wet1 t may at any "t fall ^u !m1 w dra9 (f completely4 ,= ornam5t1 z mu* z = use1 ?is floor is made to project ab\t two in*es 9 front2 b ?is projection mu/ be slop$1 or made an incl9$ plane1 s z to c>ry (f ! wet f ! front ( ! boxes4 ,to ! c5tre ( ?is project+ front1 & on a plane ) ! edge ( ! "p cut away = ! entrance ( ! ,bees into ! pavilion1 is atta*$ ! alight+-bo>d1 :i* consi/s ( a piece ( plan$ bo>d1 six in*es by ?ree1 hav+ ! two outw>d corn]s r\nd$ (f a little4 ,! passage f ?is alight+-bo>d into ! pavilion1 7n se5 9 ! plate1 x be+ at ! c5tre ( ! side n %[n7 is cut1 n out ( ! edge ( ! box1 b out ( ! floor-bo>d1 & %\ld be n less ?an f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 & ab\t half an in* 9 dep?2 or s z to make a cle> half-in*-way "u ! edge ( ! box = ! ,bee-passage4 ,i recomm5d ?is z pref]able to a cut 9 ! edge ( ! box1--because1 be+ ^u an incl9$ plane1 if at any "t ! wet %\ld be driv5 into ! pavilion by a /ormy w9d1 x w\ld soon dra9 out1 & ! floor become dry2 :]eas1 if ! entrance-passage be cut out ( ! box1 ! ra9 t may1 & at times w1 be drift$ 91 w be kept 91 & ! floor be wet = days1 & p]haps = weeks1 & be v detrim5tal to ! ,bees4 ,9 dep? ! floor-box1 measur$ f outside to outside1 %\ld be f\r in*es1 s t1 if made ( ?ree-f\r?s in*-deal1 !re may be left = ! dep? ( ! box-"p full two in*es & a half4 ,int]nally x is divid$ into ?ree equal comp>tm5ts1 be+ "o = ea* ,bee-box3 admission to ^! comp>tm5ts1 or "u-boxes1 is by ! draw] & draw]-fronts1 or blocks1 :i* w be describ$ pres5tly4 ,! bottom1 or op5 edge ( ea* ( ! boxes1 7,a4 ,c4 ,c47 %\ld be well plan$1 & made s ev5 & squ>e t !y w sit closely & firmly ^u ! a=esaid floor1 & be z air-tight z a good workman c make !m1 or1 te*nically express$1 be a dead fit all r\nd4 ,9 ! floor-bo>d are made ?ree small op5+s1 i4 e4 "o ne> ! back ( ea* box4 ,^! op5+s are ( a semi-lun> %ape1 7?\gh any o!r %ape w\ld d z well7 ! /raight side ( :i* %\ld n exce$ ?ree in*es 9 l5g?1 & w be mo/ conv5i5t if made p>allel ) ! back-edge ( ! box1 & ab\t an in* f x4 ,!y are cov]$ by p]=at$1 or by close t9-slides1 z ! circum/ances ( y\r api>y may require4 ,! draw] 7,g47 ! front ( :i* appe>s "u ! middle-box1 is ( great importance1 because x af=ds "o ( ! greate/ accommodations to ! ,bees 9 ! boxes4 ,9 ?is draw] is plac$1 if necessity require x1 a t9 made to fit x1 & 9 t t91 ano!r ?9 frame cov]$ ) book-musl91 or o!r f9e /ra9]1 :i* floats on ! liquid deposit$ = ! su/5ance ( ! ,bees4 ,"h1 !n1 y h a fe$]1 conta9+ ! prep>$ sweet1 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! "m-hive1 & )\t admitt+ ! cold or ! robb]s to annoy ! ,bees4 ,:5 y close ! draw] ?us prep>$ ) ,bee-food1 y mu/ draw out ! t9 plac$ ov] ! semi-lun> ap]ture1 :i* w op5 to ! ,bees a way to _! food 9 ! draw] b5ea?4 ,! heat ( ! hive foll[s ! ,bees into ! fe$+ ap>tm5t1 :i* soon becomes ! temp]ature ( _! native-hive4 ,"h ! ,bees banquet on ! pr(f]$ boon 9 ! utmo/ security1 & 9 ! temp]ature ( _! native domicile4 ,"u su* fav\rable circum/ances x is an idle excuse1 n to say--a want ( humanity1 to suff] y\r ,bees to die = want ( att5tion to prop] fe$+4 ,i n[ come to notice ! use ( ! block-fronts on ea* side ( ! fe$+-draw]1 m>k$ ,g4 ,^! two block-fronts answ] _m good purposes1 & furni% ! api>ian ) sev]al practical advantages3 fir/1 9 ! facility !y af=d ( add+ numb]s to ! e/abli%m5t1 z occasion may require1 :i* is done )\t ! lea/ inconv5i5ce or tr\ble to ! api>ian1 & )\t ! lea/ res5tm5t f ! native ,bees2 second1 9 af=d+ to ! ,bees a place ( egress :5 y are ab\t to take f !m "o ( ! end-boxes2 ?ird1 9 ! effectual & beautiful gu>d !y furni% aga9/ robb]s3 = in/ead ( ! solid block1 se5 9 ! plate1 a safety-block 7( :i* a description w be giv5 pres5tly7 may be sub/itut$1 :i* is s contriv$ t t5 ?\s& ,bees c ) ease leave _! prison & _! sweets 9 ! possession ( ! humane api>ian1 )\t ! possible *ance ( a s+le intrud] =c+ its entrance to rob ! magaz9e or to annoy ! api>ian4 ,p]haps ?is is ! mo/ pleas+ "p1 & ! mo/ happy conv5i5ce atta*$ to ! boxes4 ,its orig9 0 ?is3 ,:il/ expla9+ to "s sci5tific g5tlem5 at ! ,national ,repository ! me?od to be pursu$ 9 ! managem5t ( ,bees 9 a set ( collat]al-boxes1--&1 9 p>ticul>1 ! mann] ( tak+ (f a box ( honey1 x 0 object$--t1 on remov+ ! block-front & )draw+ ! t9 t op5s a communication into ! box above1 ?\gh a passage w\ld !reby be op5$ = ! imprison$ ,bees to get away1 x w\ld at ! same "t af=d an op5+ & an opportunity--nay1 be a sort ( invitation = ! ,bees ( o!r hives1--= /range ,bees & robb]s to get 91 annoy1 & de/roy ! native ,bees1 !n subdu$ by hav+ be5 imprison$1 & to plund] & c>ry away _! treasures4 ,?is objection1 to p]sons unskill$ 9 ,bee-matt]s1 may1 ,i grant1 appe> to be plausible--nay1 reasonable3 b e practical api>ian1 :o has tak5 (f two or ?ree end-boxes ( honey1 kn[s v well t !re is n ! lea/ dang] to be appreh5d$ f robb]s or m>aud]s dur+ ! %ort "t t ! lib]at$1 native ,bees are hurry+ away z fa/ z !y c get4 ,i h nev] witness$ any ?+ l an attempt to besiege & rob a box s situat$4 ,71 h[ev]1 ! communication to be left op5 = any consid]able "t aft] ! ,bees h dep>t$1 ,i h no d\bt t1 if n discov]$ by ,bees belong+ to o!r hives1 x 7! vacat$ box7 w\ld be re-ent]$ by its own ,bees1 & by !m be soon entirely empti$ ( its honey4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 b d[n-"r c>elessness on ! "p ( ! op]ator w ev] subject a box ( honey to a visitation ( ?is description4 ,b1 not)/&+ ! conviction 9 my m9d t ! above-/at$ objection is 9 fact gr\ndless1 ,i set my wits to "w to answ] x 9 a way m satisfactory to ! highly respectable p]sons :o rais$ x1 &1 if by any means ,i c\ld1 to obviate x entirely4 ,x did n co/ me mu* m5tal lab\r to inv5t--a safety-block1--nor does x require mu* manual lab\r to make "o4 ,a safety-block mu/ be made to fit ! place ( ! common block1 & may be cut out ( a piece ( half-in* deal bo>d1 hav+ "o side plan$ (f s z to leave ! bottom-edge less ?an "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 ?ickness2 !n ) a ?ree-eigh?s-in* c5tre-bit cut z ne> ! l[]1 t is--! ?9 edge1 z y c1 a r[ ( holes4 ,t5 holes 9 a l5g? ( six in*es w all[ a conv5i5t space betwe5 ea* hole4 ,next1 ov] ea* ( ^! small holes1 susp5d a piece ( talc1 cut ( a prop] size = ! purpose1 by a ?read ( silk1 & make t ?read fa/ r\nd a t9y brass nail above4 ,! talc1 :i* is a m9]al sub/ance z transp>5t z glass1 & mu* light]1 & on t acc\nt mu* bett] ?an glass1 ?us susp5d$ ov] ea* hole1 is easily lift$ & pass$ by ,bees f )91 b is heavy en\gh to fall aga9 z soon z a ,bee has made its exit1 & =ms an effectual b> or block aga9/ ! entrance ( ,bees f ! outside4 ,a block ( ?is description may be _h = a trifl+ exp5se1 & is recomm5d$ to all su* inexp]i5c$ & timid--timid because inexp]i5c$---api>ians1 z are appreh5sive ( be+ annoy$ by intrud]s :5 !y are tak+ (f a box ( honey4 ,?\gh ?is safety-block r imp$es ! escape ( ! ,bees1 x has nev]!less a pretty appe>ance :5 x is neatly made1--& x is amus+ en\gh to see ! beautiful1 little creatures pu%+ op5 fir/ "o little trap-door & !n ano!r1 popp+ out _! heads1 & !n w++ _! flight to ! entrance ( ! pavilion4 ,aft] all1 ?\gh x c]ta9ly is a complete safety-block1 & 0 inv5t$ to obviate a gr\ndless objection1 x is m an article ( curiosity ?an ( real usefulness4 ,la/ly1 ,i h to notice ! security :i* ! "u-box or frame gives to ! /ability ( ! ?ree upp] boxes1--! firmness ) :i* x supports !m1--& ! dry & com=table way 9 :i* ! ,bees by x are enabl$ to dis*>ge _! dead1 & o!r sup]fluities ( ! colony1 )\t _! be+ expos$ to ! cold atmosph]e ( an autumn or a spr+ morn+4 ,! octagon-box1 m>k$ ,h1 is a cov]+ = ! bell-glass1 m>k$ ,b1 :i* is plac$ on ! middle-box1 or seat ( nature4 ,x matt]s n ( :at %ape ?is cov]+ is1 because any cov]+ ov] ! glass w answ] ! same purpose1 provid$ ! "u-bo>d ( x is wide en\gh to cov] ! divisional op5+s1 & to ?r[ (f ! wet4 ,i *oose an octagon because ( ! neatness ( its appe>ance4 ,9 endeav\r+ to recomm5d ^! ,bee-boxes z wor?y ( g5]al adoption1 9 ord] to succe$ 9 my object1 x is und\bt$ly necess>y t ! p>ts & con/ruction ( !m1 & ( e ?+ p]ta9+ to !m1 be fully expla9$ & cle>ly und]/ood3 ,i !re=e proce$ to give ano!r view ( !m4 ,9 ! =m] plate !y are exhibit$ z op51 or deta*$ & ap>t f ea* o!r3 9 ! foll[+ "o !y are repres5t$ z clos$ & /&+ toge!r1 z :5 /ock$ ) ,bees1 & 9 full op]ation 9 an api>y3 9 bo? x is ! back ( ! boxes t is pres5t$4 ,) ! exception ( ! alight+-bo>d1 ! front is q pla91 be+ )\t w9d[-%utt]s 9 ! boxes1 & )\t draw] & block-fronts 9 ! "u-bo>d4 ,illu/ration ,9 ?is plate ! engrav] has made ! floor-box to ext5d beyond ! ends ( ! ,c4 ,c4 boxes2 b1 z has already be5 obs]v$1 & = ! reason be=e giv51 x is bett] t ! floor-box be made s t ^? 7,c4 ,c47 boxes project a little ov] ! ends & also ov] ! back ( ! floor4 ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,ref]5ces ,,to ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,p>ts ,,( ,a ,,set ,,( ,,collat]al-,,boxes4 ,a4 is ! pavilion1 or middle-box1 :i* may be mo/ easily /ock$ by a sw>m ( ,bees1 j z a cottage-hive is /ock$4 ,b4 is ! bell-glass 9 ! fir/ plate1--9 ! second1 x only po9ts to ! place :]e ! glass /&s4 ,c4 ,c4 are ! collat]al1 or two end-boxes4 ,d4 ,d4 are neat m\ld+s1 ab\t ?ree in*es wide1 made ( ?ree-f\r?s-in* deal1 & are s fa/5$ to ! middle-box 9 front1 7i4 e4 ! side n "h %[n7 z well z at ! back1 t an in* & a half ( ea* may project beyond ea* corn] ( t box1 & =m a cov] & protection = ! edges ( ! divid+-t9s1 & also = ! f\r seams1 or jo9ts1 necess>ily made by plac+ ! end-boxes aga9/ ! middle "o4 ,e4 ,e4 are ! frame-"w & cov]s ( ! v5tilation & !rmomet]4 ,f4 ,f4 are ! block-fronts ,g4 is ! fe$+-draw] already describ$4 ,h4 is ! octagon-cov] ,i4 ,i4 ,i4 are ! w9d[-%utt]s1 five in*es by f\r1 or l>g] or small]1 z fancy may direct3 ^! %utt]s op5 z s _m little doors by means ( small brass-jo9ts1 & are kept fa/1 :5 clos$1 by a brass-button set on ! box4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 are s _m t9-slides1 to cut (f1 or to op51 z ! case may require1 ! communications betwe5 ! pavilion & ! bell-glass1 betwe5 ! pavilion & ! fe$+-draw]1 & betwe5 ! end-boxes & _! "u-boxes4 ,= a ,bee-passage betwe5 ! pavilion & ! bell-glass1 is cut1 9 ! c5tre ( ! top ( ! pavilion1 a circul> hole1 an in* 9 diamet]1 & f ! edge ( t circul> hole are cut f\r or six passages1 j wide en\gh to all[ ! ,bees space to pass & re-pass4 ,^! l9eal cuts mu/ ( c\rse t]m9ate )9 ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle =m$ by ! edge ( ! bell-glass t is plac$ ov] !m4 ,p]haps x may be said1--9 fact1 x has be5 said--t ^! boxes are 9 reality no?+ m ?an a common cottage-hive4 ,be x s3 b x is an improv$ cottage-hive1 made conv5i5t by be+ divisible1 & by hav+ its p>ts well arrang$4 ,! middle-box1 or dep>tm5t1 m>k$ ,a1 is1 h[ev]1 squ>e1 & n r\nd1 l ! common /raw-hive4 ,b beyond ?is "o box ! comp>ison _c easily be c>ri$2 ! common /raw-hive possesses no su* conv5i5ces & accommodations z ^? af=d$ bo? to ,bees & ,bee-ma/]s by ! end-boxes ( my hive4 ,9 ! middle-box ! ,bees are to be fir/ plac$3 9 x fir/ !y skilfully con/ruct _! beautiful combs1--&1 "u ! pr]ogative ( "o sov]eign--! "m ( ! hive--c>ry on _! curi\s works1 & display _! a/oni%+1 ar*itectural +5uity4 ,9 ?is box ! reg9a ( ! colony1 surr\nd$ by h] indu/ri\s1 happy1 humm+ subjects1 c>ries on ! propagation ( h] species1--deposits 9 ! cells prep>$ = ! purpose by ! o!r ,bees1 ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s ( h] eggs1 ?\gh %e deposits no m ?an "o egg 9 a cell at "o "t3 ^! eggs are hat*$ & nurs$ up into a num]\s prog5y by ! o!r inhabitants ( ! hive4 ,x is at ?is "t1 viz4 :5 hundr$s ( "y ,bees are daily com+ into exi/5ce1 t my collat]al-boxes are ( ! utmo/ importance to ! ,bees domicil$ 9 !m3 = :5 ! "y l>v are p]fect$ ^u ! cottage plan1 a sw>m is ! necess>y consequ5ce4 ,! ,que51 ) ?\s&s ( h] ,bee-subjects1 leaves ! colony1 & seeks ano!r place 9 :i* to c>ry on h] a/oni%+ lab\rs4 ,b z sw>m+ may1 by prop] precaution & att5tion to my mode ( managem5t1 g5]ally be prev5t$1 x is manife/ly a good ?+ to d s2 = ! "t necess>ily requir$ to e/abli% ano!r colony1 ev5 suppos+ ! cottag] succe$s 9 sav+ ! sw>m1 w\ld o!rwise be employ$ 9 collect+ ! pure sweets1 & 9 enri*+ ! old hive4 ,"h1 !n1 is "o ( ! advantages ( my plan1 viz4 ! prev5tion ( sw>m+4 ,:5 symptoms ( sw>m+ beg9 to pres5t !mselves1 & :i* may be kn[n by an unusual noise 9 ! hive or box 7= x is ( ,bees 9 boxes t ,i am n[ treat+71 & by ! appe>ance ( m ?an common activity among ! ,bees2 :5 ^! symptoms are app>5t1 !n ! ,bee-ma/] may conclude t m space is requir$4 ,at ?is p]iod1 !re=e1 he %\ld draw out ! slid+-t91 m>k$ #a1 f "u ! bell-glass1 :i* simple op]ation w imm$iately op5 to ! ,bees a new room--a palace--:i* !y w adorn1 & fill ) _! sweets z pure z ! cry/al /ream4 ,b if by mi/ake ! manag] %\ld draw up ei!r ( ! collat]al-slides1 :i* divide ! end-boxes f ! pavilion1 ! ,bees 9 t case w refuse to g up into ! glass1 & w comm5ce _! works 9 ! collat]al-box op5$ to !m1 9 pref]5ce to ! elevat$ glass2 s well aw>e are ^! mat*less insects ( ! inconv5i5ce att5d+ ! c>ry+ ( _! treasures into an upp] room1 :5 a m conv5i5t /ore-h\se is to be _h 9 a l[] "o4 ,! natural movem5ts ( ,bees h demon/rat$ to me ?is fact by m ?an a ?\s& trials3 ye> aft] ye> ,i h made ?is exp]im5t to my entire satisfaction4 ,! natural movem5ts ( ! ,bees also sugge/$ to me ! idea ( ! utility ( v5tilation1 & t by its influ5ce _! works might be bo? divid$ & purifi$2 & t a place ( safety might /ill be pres]v$ = ! ,que5 9 ! pavilion4 ,%e wants a c]ta9 situation 9 :i* to c>ry on ! "w ( propagat+ h] species4 ,l ! f[ls ( ! air1 %e w n1 if %e c avoid x1 propagate h] "y :il/ "u ! obs]vation & influ5ce ( man3 %e1 !re=e1 pref]s ! middle-box = h] "w ( propagation2 z well on acc\nt ( its privacy1 z because ! v5tilation ( ! end-boxes s cools _! temp]ature1 t !y are n ! situation nature requires to br+ ! "y l>v to p]fection2 yet !y c be kept at su* a temp]ature z to make !m desirable /ore-rooms = ! ,bees' treasures4 ,by ?is mode ( managem5t we prev5t ! necessity ( sw>m+2 & behold ! gr&e/ *emi/s 9 ! _w1 & /ores aft] /ores ( _! pure treasure1 unadult]at$ by ! necess>y ga!r+ ( imm5se quantities ( f>9a = ! "y l>v1 :i* we see 9 ! pil+ sy/em1 z well z 9 ! common cottage-hive2 b ?is is all c>ri$ into ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! seat ( nature1 ! place :]e x is want$4 ,:5 ! glass is ne>ly fill$1 :i* 9 a good season w be 9 a v %ort space ( "t1 ! ,bees w aga9 want accommodation4 ,previ\sly1 h[ev]1 to draw+ up ! t9-slide to enl>ge _! cr[d$ h\se1 ! manag] %\ld take (f ! empty end-box he int5ds to op5 to !m1 & sme> or dress ! inside ( x ) a little liquid honey4 ,?us prep>$1 he mu/ return ! box to its prop] situation1 & !n )draw ! slid+-t9 betwe5 x & ! pavilion1 or middle-box1 & !reby enl>ge ! ,bees' dom9ion1 by op5+ an end-box to !m1 :i* w produce ! greate/ h>mony 9 ! hive4 ,! ,bees w imm$iately comm5ce _! op]ations 9 ?is new ap>tm5t4 ,?is simple op]ation1 done at a prop] "t1 effectually prev5ts sw>m+2 & by x ! ,que5 ga9s a va/ addition to h] dom9ions1 & consequ5tly additional space = ! population ( h] enl>g$ domicile4 ,!re is n[ no want ( /ore-h\se room1 nor ( employm5t1 = our indefatigable lab\r]s4 ,& :ile ! subjects are employ$ 9 collect+1 & manufactur+ 7if ,i may s say7 _! v>i\s mat]ials1 ! reg9a is engag$ 9 c>ry+ on ! great1 fir/ pr9ciple ( nature--! propagation ( h] species4 ,?is %e does 9 ! dep>tm5t 7,a47 re-fill+ ) h] eggs ! cells :i* h be5 vacat$ by ! "y l>v4 ,:51 h[ev]1 h] next new prog5y are ab\t to be br\ght into life1 ! ,bee-ma/] mu/ draw out ! o!r t9-slide1 & !reby op5 a communication to ! o!r empty ap>tm5t1 & s make a fur!r addition to ! ,que5's realm2 :i* ! new1 & ev5 vet]an lab\r]s1 w pres5tly occupy1 & set ab\t improv+ & enri*+ _! aga9 enl>g$ commonweal?4 ,no soon] h ! ,bees f9i%$ _! op]ations 9 ! sev]al comp>tm5ts ( _! box-hive1 :i* may be asc]ta9$ by look+ ?r\gh ! little w9d[s at ! back & ends ( ! boxes1 ?an ! ,bee-ma/] g5tly puts 9 ! t9-slide 7#a47 lifts up ! lid ( ! octagon-box or cov] 7,h47 & takes (f ! bell-glass1 fill$ ) ! pure/ & mo/ p]fect honey4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 he endeav\rs to take away ! glass1 x is necess>y t he %\ld cut ?r\gh betwe5 ! bell-glass & ! box1 ) a f9e wire1 9 ord] t ! t9 may ! m easily slide "u ! full glass ( honey2 :5 ?is is done1 he may take (f ! full glass & replace x ) an empty "o4 ,he mu/ !n draw out ! t9-slide 7#a47 & s on = ev5 ,! op]ation ( tak+ (f a glass1 or a box1 ( honey1 may be be/ p]=m$ 9 ! middle ( a f9e1 sunny day2 & 9 tak+ (f a glass1 ! op]ator1 hav+ put 9 ! t9-slide 7#a47 z already direct$1 %\ld wait a few m9utes1 to see :e!r ! ,bees made prison]s 9 ! glass manife/ any symptoms ( uneas9ess2 because1 if !y d n1 x may be conclud$ t ! ,que5-bee is among/ !m2 & 9 t case x is advisable to )draw ! slide 7#a47 & to re-comm5ce ! op]ation ano!r day4 ,b if1 z x g5]ally happ5s1 ! prison]s 9 ! glass %\ld run ab\t 9 confusion & re/lessness1 & manife/ signs ( great uneas9ess1 !n ! op]ator may conclude t all is "r1 &1 hav+ tak5 (f ! octagon-cov]1 may envelope ! glass 9 a silk h&k]*ief1 or d>k clo?1 s z to exclude ! light1 remove x ) a /eady h&1 & place x on "o side1 or s t ! ,bees may h egress f x1 9 "s %ady place1 t5 or fifte5 y>ds f ! boxes1 & ! ,bees t 7 imprison$ 9 x w 9 a few m9utes effect _! escape1 & return ) eag]ness to ! pavilion & _! comrades4 ,& :at may be done ) ,b1 may also be done ) ei!r ( ! ,c4 ,c4 boxes1 z occasion requires4 ,x may n1 h[ev]1 be amiss to be m explanatory ( ! mode ( tak+ away ! treasures ( ! ,bees 9 ! side-boxes4 ,x w be necess>y to exam9e m9utely ! /ate ( y\r boxes1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! :ole ( y\r colony is full ( ! ,bees' works4 ,:5 ! t9 is put d[n to divide an end-box f ! "m-hive1 y1 no d\bt1 make _m prison]s2 to prev5t :i*1 ! night be=e sep>at+ an end-box f a middle "o1 lay op5 ! v5tilator1 :i* w n only l[] ! heat ( ! box1 b w admit ! atmosph]ic air1 :i* naturally causes ! ,bees to leave t ap>tm5t1 & to draw !mselves into ! middle-box--_! native climate2 :5 ?is is done1 y may put d[n ! t9-slide 7,d47 z already direct$1 & let y\r ,bees rema9 fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes 9 total d>kness3 !n op5 ! w9d[s ( ! box y are ab\t to take (f1 & if ! ,que5-bee is n )9 t box1 ! ,bees t are 9 x w %[ a great desire to be lib]at$ f _! disagreeable conf9em5t1 by runn+ ab\t 9 ! mo/ hurri$1 agitat$1 & re/less mann]4 ,b %\ld ! ,que5-bee be !re1 y w !n f9d ! ,bees %[ no desire to leave h]2--! commotion w appe> 9 ! middle-box4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 :i* sometimes happ51 y mu/ act ) caution2 = 7 y to op5 ! egress f ! box1 t is1 ! block 7,f47 & t9-slide 7#b4 or #d4 z ! case may be7 to p]mit _! dep>ture1 v %ortly w\ld ! :ole ( ! work+ ,bees jo9 _! sov]eign 9 ! box y int5d$ to take2 & ?is w\ld be a great disappo9tm5t & complete puzzle to ! ,bee-ma/]1 n ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! moves (1 or prop] mode ( manag+1 8 valuable hive4 ,to me su* an occurr5ce w\ld be a repetition only ( a demon/ration ( facts--( pleasures unspeakable1 9 behold+ ! gr& works ( nature1 ! noble influ5ce ( h] maje/y--! ,que5 ( ! ,bees4 ,:51 h[ev]1 y d f9d ! ,que5 9 ! box y are ab\t to take (f1 is x n easy to draw ! t9-slide up aga98 ,c]ta9ly x is easy to draw up ! divid+-t94 ,d s1 !n1 & t done1 ! ,que5-bee w readily embrace ! opportunity ( leav+ ! place ( h] conf9em5t2 & !n1 hav+ put d[n ! divid+-t91 y w pres5tly be 9 a situation to accompli% y\r object4 ,y w soon see ! ,bees runn+ to & fro ^u ! w9d[s 9 ! box y are ab\t to take (f1 & :5 y ?us f9d !m anxi\s to leave y\r box ( honey1 close ! w9d[s1 & y h !n only to op5 an egress by )draw+ ! t91 ,no4 #b4 or #d4 z y\r box may require2 ! ,bees f9d+ an ap]ture1 ) light to direct _! dep>ture1 w imm$iately embrace ! opportunity ( rega9+ _! lib]ty1 w fly away f _! prison1 & jo9 _! fell[-lab\r]s at ! entrance ( ! "m-hive4 ,9 a few m9utes y w be 9 possession ( a box ( honey1 & all y\r ,bees w be 9 safety & h>moniz+ ) _! belov$ p>5t--! ,que5 ( ! hive4 ,take f !m ! box y\r humanity entitles y to1 m9d+ t ! t9-slide is safe to ! middle-box4 ,y w !n empty ! full box1 & return x empty to its =m] place2 !n draw up y\r t91 & y aga9 enl>ge _! domicil1 hav+ ga9$ a ri* rew>d = y\r op]ation1 at ! exp5se ( _! lab\r4 ,a *ild ( twelve ye>s ( age may be taught to d ?is )\t ! lea/ dang]2 !re ne$ no ,bee-dresses1--!re ne$s no fumigation ( any sort4 ,x is a natural movem5t = ! welf>e ( ^! wor?ies1 t prev5ts _! sw>m+1 & at once secures to ! sov]eign ,que5 ( ,bees h] rightful ?rone4 ,read]1 ?is decl>ation is f\nd$ on facts1--on ! practical exp]i5ce ( _m ye>s4 ,& t y may adopt ?is pr9ciple & mode ( manag+ ,honey-,bees1 t is1 ( tak+ f !m _! sup]abundance ( treasure1 & pres]v+ y\r ,bees un9jur$1 &1 if y c contrive x1 improve ^u ! in/ructions "h giv5 y1 & ^u ! example "h set y1 is my he>ty wi%1 = my c\ntry's welf>e1 & = ! welf>e ( my admir$1 nay1 my belov$ ,,bees4 ,%\ld x1 h[ev]1 s happ51 z x sometimes may1 ow+ to a v>iety ( causes1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! neglig5ce1 or unskilfulness1 or unavoidable abs5ce ( ! ,bee-ma/] at a critical "t1 or f any o!r cause1 %\ld x1 ,i say1 s happ5 t ! pavilion1 or middle-box1 %\ld sw>m1 take su* sw>m into "o ( ! end-boxes1 prep>$ = su* an ev5t1 by m]ely mak+ an entrance to x1 at or z ne> z possible to ! corn] f>!/ f ! entrance into ! middle-box2 & be=e ?is new entrance fix a small alight+ bo>d4 ,! sw>m w ?us become a family ( itself1 & z mu* a /ock pro tempore1 z if x 7 plac$ on a sep>ate /&1 provid$ ! divid+-t91 :i* sep>ates ! middle-box f t 9 :i* ! sw>m is put1 be c>efully adju/$1 & made p]fectly tight & secure1 s t a ,bee _c pass f "o box to ! o!r4 ,to ?is mat]ial po9t ! api>ian w necess>ily att5d :5 he fir/ removes ! end-box 9 ord] to put ! sw>m into x4 ,9 ! ev5+ place ! box conta9+ ! sw>m on its floor1 j :]e & z x 0 be=e x 0 tak5 (f4 ,let ! ,bees ?us manag$ "w two or ?ree weeks1 or z ! nature ( ! season may require1--,i mean--until ! end-box appe>s to be pretty well fill$ ) combs4 ,!n close up ! ext]ior entrance ( ! collat]al-box conta9+ ! sw>m ( ,bees1 & draw out ! slid+-t9 :i* hi!rto has sep>at$ ! two families or colonies1 & ! ,bees w unite1 & become "o family4 ,! api>ian w likewise witness ) pleasure ! effect ( v5tilation 9 ! hive2 = z soon z ! ,bees h depos$ "o ( ! ,que5s1 & ! end-box has be5 cool$ by means ( ! cyl9d]-v5tilator1 he w discov] t ! combs w be pres5tly empti$ ( e mat]ial necess>y = ! support ( ! "y l>v2 s t ! combs1 t _h be5 s rec5tly con/ruct$ = a seat ( nature1 soon become receptacles = pure honey1 & ! num]\s ,bees become ! subjects ( "o sov]eign 9 ! middle-box4 ,?is is a neat me?od ( re-unit+ a sw>m to its p>5t-/ock2 & ! op]ation is s easy t ! mo/ unpractis$ api>ian may p]=m x )\t subject+ himself to ! slighte/ dang] ( be+ /ung by ! ,bees4 ,x c h[ev] only be practis$ ) ,bees 9 boxes4 ,ano!r & a m prompt me?od ( return+ a sw>m to its p>5t-/ock1 & :i* is practicable ) sw>ms f cottage-hives1 z well z ) ^? f boxes1 is ! foll[+4 ,aft] ! sw>m has be5 tak5 9 ! usual way into an empty box1 or into a /raw-hive1 & suff]$ to settle & clu/] !re9 = an h\r or two1 g5tly & ) a /eady h& take ! box or hive1 &1 hav+ a tub ( clean wat] plac$ ready & conv5i5tly = ! purpose1 ) a sudd5 j]k dislodge ! ,bees f ! box or hive & imm]se !m 9 ! wat]4 ,let !m rema9 !re9 two or ?ree m9utes3 !n dra9 x (f ?r\gh a sieve1 or o!r /ra9]1 & spread ! n[ h>mless ,bees--h>mless1 because app>5tly half-dr[n$1 ^u a dry t[el or table-clo?1 & se>* = & secure ! ,que54 ,?is done1 & :i* may v easily be done1 place a bo>d or two 9 a slant+ direction f ! entrance ( ! p>5t-hive to ! gr\nd2 ^u ?is lay ! clo? on :i* are y\r imm]s$ ,bees1 & spread !m ?9ly ov] x1 9 ord] t !y may ! soon] become dry2 &1 z !y become dry1 y w ) pleasure see !m return to _! native-hive1 :i* !y w be p]mitt$ to ent] )\t ! slighte/ opposition f ! ,bees already !re94 ,by ?is op]ation n only are ! imm]s$ ,bees cool$1 b _! re-union ) ^? already 9 ! hive cools !m also1 & consid]ably l[]s ! temp]ature ( ! :ole /ock4 ,) a late sw>m f any sort ( hive1 z well z ) an accid5tal sw>m f boxes1 ?is is a good me?od to be adopt$2 &1 if ! api>ian possess suffici5t coolness & dext]ity to p]=m x clev]ly1 x is a practice ,i w\ld recomm5d :5ev] x is advisable to return a sw>m to its native-hive4 ,:5 a sw>m has ?us be5 return$ to a cottage-hive an eke %\ld be add$ =?)4 ,be=e ,i fur!r expla9 ! nature ( my collat]al ,bee-boxes1 ,i %all briefly express my desire t my read]s w att5d p>ticul>ly to ! discov]y ( ! effects ( v5tilation4 ,i h be5 ask$--,( :at use is v5tilation 9 ! domicil ( ,bees8 ,i answ]--"o ( its uses has already be5 describ$1 & mu* m ( its use1 ,i may say1 ( its necessity1 9 ! humane managem5t ( ,bees w be told pres5tly4 ,_m treatises on ! managem5t ( ^! valuable insects h appe>$1 b 9 none ( !m d ,i f9d any allusion to ?is important po9t--important 9 my practice at lea/1 & ess5tially necess>y 9 x4 ,!re=e-- ,to works ( ,nature jo9 ! works ( man1 ,to %[1 by art improv$1 :at ,nature c4 ,nature's great ef=ts c no fur!r t5d1 ,"h fix'd h] pill>s1 all h] lab\rs end4 ,dryd54 ,p]haps ! divid$ lab\r ( ! ,honey-,bees 0 anticipat$ by ! au?or ( ^! l9es3 b1 be t z x might1 ,i1 9 my turn1 w ask--,h[ c we pres]ve ! ,bees un9jur$1 divide _! works1 & take away _! sup]abundant treasure1 )\t ! influ5ce ( v5tilation8 ,i ?9k x is impossible4 ,a lesson1 a true lesson f nature1 has demon/rat$ ?is fact to me1 & twelve ye>s' con/ant lab\r & att5tion to ?is important subject h put into op]ation my plans = ! welf>e ( t wond]ful insect--! sov]eign ,que5 ( ,bees4 ,well might ,dr4 ,bevan say-- ,fir/ ( ! ?rong1 & =emo/ ( ! :ole1 ,"o /&s confess'd ! sov]eign & ! s\l4 ,curi\s facts respect+ ?is extraord9>y creature are be=e me1 :i* h be5 asc]ta9$ & prov$ by means ( my obs]vatory-hive4 ,?is hive is unkn[n 9 any "w hi!rto publi%$ on ! int]e/+ subject ( ,bee-managem5t3 & ) ref]5ce to x ,i may obs]ve--t :5 a new pr9ciple is discov]$ by /udy+ nature1 su* pr9ciple w seldom fail to produce effects b5eficial 9 proportion to its be+ und]/ood & skilfully appli$4 ,s simple & s rational 7if ,i may s say7 is my obs]vatory-hive1 t x _c b be approv$1 :5 x is once und]/ood1 by ! foll[]s ( my api>ian practice4 ,be my humble !ory :at x may1 x ha? tru? = its f\ndation2 & by p]sev]ance & indu/ry ,i flatt] myself ,i %all mat]ially improve1 if n br+ to p]fection1 ! cultivation & managem5t ( ,honey-,bees1 m]ely by po9t+ out h[ ! produce ( _! lab\r may be divid$1 h[ a "p !re( may be tak5 away1 a suffici5cy be left = ! su/5ance ( ! /ock1 & h[ _! lives may be pres]v$ not)/&+4 ,mu* has be5 said aga9/ ! probable results ( ?is practice3 b facts are /ubborn ?+s2 & luckily = me & my mode ( ,bee-managem5t1 ,i h an abundance ( ! mo/ incontrov]tible facts to adduce1 :i* w1 ,i ?9k & hope1 conv9ce all ^? :o h h]et(ore ent]ta9$ d\bts ^u ! subject4 ,! fir/ movem5t 9 my api>ian practice comm5ces ) ! pavilion ( nature4 ,?is pavilion1 :i* is equival5t to a cottage-hive1 is ! subject ( my pres5t obs]vations & explanation4 ,i say1 !n1---di/urb n ?is hive--?is pavilion ( nature3 weak5 n its population2 b support its influ5ce1 & ext5d to x ^? accommodations :i* no practice1 except my own1 has yet put into op]ation1 or made any adequate provision =4 ,?is humane practice p>takes n ( ! driv+1 nor ( ! fumigat+1 nor ( ! robb+ sy/em4 ,x is a lib]al pr9ciple ( ,bee-cultivation f\nd$ on humanity4 ,& x is by su* practice t we mu/ succe$1 if we hope to be b5efit$ by ! culture ( ,honey-,bees4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,v5tilation4 ,to asc]ta9 ! degree ( heat 9 a colony ( ,bees1 & to regulate x by means ( v5tilation1 z circum/ances may require1 rec\rse mu/ be _h to ! use ( ! !rmomet]1 z w be expla9$ pres5tly4 ,b "h ,i w\ld ask my wor?y ,bee-keep]s1 :e!r1 9 ! c\rse ( _! exp]i5ce1 !y h at any "t beheld a honey-comb susp5d$ b5ea? ! p$e/al ( any ( _! hives--a circum/ance t n unfrequ5tly occurs "u old /ools8 ,! beautiful appe>ance ( a comb susp5d$ 9 su* a situation is1 z x 71 ! v f+] ( ,provid5ce1 po9t+ out ! effects ( v5tilation1 & tea*+ u by an example ! necessity !re is = x 9 a cr[d$1 busy hive4 ,behold ! purity ( su* a comb2 exam9e ! cause ( t purity1 & y w f9d t x is ow+--solely & und\bt$ly ow+--to ! p[]ful influ5ce ( ,,v5tilation4 ,an occurr5ce ( ?is description1 ,i mean--! discov]y ( a beautiful comb susp5d$1 z j describ$1 hav+ excit$ my curiosity & my admiration1 l$ me to inquire into ! cause ( x1 & to /udy to discov]1 if by any means ,i c\ld1 :y my skilful1 little ,bees %\ld h con/ruct$ _! combs 9 su* a situation4 ,my obs]vations soon satisfi$ me t "o ( ^! two causes1 viz4 ei!r a want ( room 9 ! hive1--or a disagreeable & oppressive heat 9 x1--or mo/ probably1 a comb9ation ( ^! two causes1 _h r5d]$ x necess>y = !m1 if !y cont9u$ work+ at all1 to c>ry on _! "w 9 t s+ul> mann]4 ,my next /ep 0 to endeav\r to prove ! tru? ( my reason+s & conclusions1 9 :i*1 ,i flatt] myself1 ,i h fully succe$$1 aft] no inconsid]able lab\r1 & _m contrivances to accommodate ! ,bees ) additional room1 z !y h _h occasion = x1 & aft] repeat$ exp]im5ts to keep su* room1 :5 add$1 at a temp]ature agreeable to !m by means ( v5tilation4 ,9 %ort1 my ,,collat]al-,,boxes & ,,v5tilation are ! results ( my /udies & exp]im5ts on ?is po9t ( api>ian sci5ce4 ,!re are few p]sons1 :o are manag]s ( ,honey-,bees "u ! old hive sy/em1 :o1 if !y h n se5 a comb con/ruct$ & susp5d$ 9 ! mann] j describ$1 h n1 h[ev]1 beheld ^! little creatures1 :5 oppress$ ) ! int]nal heat ( _! cr[d$ domicil1 & /rait5$ = want ( room 9 x1 unhappily clu/]+ & hang+ at ! door1 or f & "u ! floor-bo>d ( _! hive1 9 a ball frequ5tly z l>ge z a man's head1 & sometimes cov]+ all ! front "p ( x1 = sixte5 or tw5ty days toge!r2 & ?is1 be x rem>k$1 at ! season ( ! ye> :i* is ! mo/ pr(itable = _! lab\rs 9 ! fields & among ! fl[]s4 ,dur+ ?is di/ress ( ! ,bees 91 or belong+ to1 su* a hive1 _! lab\rs are ( necessity susp5d$1--_! ga!r+ ( honey ceases1--ceases too at ! v "t t t sac*>9e sub/ance is mo/ pl5tifully secret$ by ! vegetable _w4 ,&---:y8 ,because !y want an enl>gem5t ( _! domicil1--an ext5sion ( ! dom9ion1 or 7if x may be s t]m$7 ( ! t]ritory ( ! ,que52 by :i* enl>gem5t sw>m+ is sup]s$$1 & ! ,royal ,insect reliev$ f ! necessity ( abdicat+ h] ?rone1 reta9s x1 cont9ues & ext5ds ! propagation ( h] species1 & ( c\rse increases ! busy lab\rs ( h] innum]able subjects4 ,?is accommodation is provid$ = ,bees 9 my collat]al-boxes4 ,anci5t z well z mod]n ,bee-keep]s h frequ5tly adopt$ ! plan ( ek+1 t is--plac+ ?ree or f\r r\nds ( a /raw-hive 7call$ an eke7 "u _! hives4 ,?is me?od ( enl>g+ a hive does 9 _m in/ances prev5t sw>m+ dur+ t "o season4 ,not)/&+1 f all t ,i c see 9 x1 x t5ds only to put (f ! evil day1 & to accumulate great] numb]s ( ,bees = de/ruction ! foll[+ ye>4 ,?is is c]ta91 because on m9ute exam9ation ( ! pavilion ( nature1 we f9d an increase ( weal?1 z well z an increase ( numb]s 9 ! /ate2 b !re is no provision or contrivance 9 ! common hive = divid+ ! weal?y produce ( ! lab\rs ( ^? numb]s3 ek+ w n d x1--ek+ enl>ges ! hive1 & t is all x does2 consequ5tly to get at _! honey1 ! necessity = de/roy+ ! ,bees foll[s1 & ! suffocat+ fumes ( brim/one at l5g? br+ ^! wor?ies to ! gr\nd--to ! deadly pit 9 :i* !y are fir/ suffocat$1 !n buri$1 & are1 alas1 no m6 a few m9utes close ! exi/5ce ( ?\s&s t _h lab\r$ = _! ungrateful ma/]s2 & _! once happy domicil becomes a sc5e ( murd]1 ( plund]1 & ( deva/ation1 :i* is a disgrace to ,bee-ma/]s1 & ought by all means to be disc\nt5anc$ & discont9u$4 ,assur$ly ,bees are giv5 to u by ! graci\s ,giv] ( all good ?+s = a bett] purpose ?an t ( be+ de/roy$ by ?\s&s & by millions4 ,are we n in/ruct$ by ! sacr$ writ+s to g to ! ,bee & to ! ant1 & le>n wisdom8 ,we are n told1 nei!r are we w>rant$1 by ?is language1 to g & de/roy !m & _! works1---to disobey ! comm&s ( _!1 no less ?an ( our ,mak]1 :o has giv5 ,bees to u = our edification & com=t1 & n wantonly to commit a species ( murd]1 9 ord] to procure _! delici\s treasure4 ,nor is !re ! slighte/ necessity = de/roy+ ,bees 9 ?is cruel mann]1 :5 an act ( humanity w obta9 = u _! pure/ honey1 & secure to u _! lives = future & pr(itable lab\r4 ,surely1 !n1 an act ( humanity to ,bees _c be displeas+ to any "o1 especially :5 we are taught by ! b5eficial results ( our exp]i5ce1 t _! lives may be pres]v$1 & _! lab\rs = u !reby cont9u$4 ,api>ian read]1 take ?is subject into ?y s]i\s consid]ation3 9 ! busy hive behold ! curi\s works ( ,god's creatures--! ,bees2 misuse riot1 !n1 ! works ( 8 h&s2 b improve ^u ?is lesson f nature3 & = a mom5t pause be=e ?\ lighte/ ! deadly mat*1--be=e ?\ applie/ x ) murd]\s int5t to ! congregat$ ?\s&s 9 ?y hive4 ,x's he :o feels no rev'r5ce = ,god's sacr$ "n1 ,t lights ! sulphur up to cause ! dreadful flame3 ,alas6 ,i ?9k1 view+ ! mon/]'s busy h& ,tak+ ! dreadful mat*1 ,i see a murd]] /&4 ,^! insects' indefatigable lab\rs alone %\ld humanize our feel+s = !m1 & induce u to sp>e _! lives1 = ! ri* treasures :i* !y fir/ collect1 & !n unresi/+ly yield up to u :5 op]at$ ^u by ! heal?y influ5ce ( v5tilation4 ,:y %\ld we lay ! axe to ! root ( ! tree t produces su* good fruit8 ,r let u ga!r f its pure bran*es1 & let ! root live4 ,exam9e ! nature & effects ( my ,bee-ma*9]y1 & y w discov] its utility & its value 9 ! managem5t ( ,bees4 ,by ! prop] application ( t ma*9]y y may in/antane\sly divide ! treasures ( ! ,bees1 ev5 9 ! mo/ vigor\s "p ( _! ga!r+ season1 )\t ! lea/ dang] to ! op]ator1 & frequ5tly )\t ! de/ruction ( a s+le ,bee4 ,is n ?is1 !n1 a rational & humane practice8 ,i tru/ x wants only to be prop]ly und]/ood 9 ord] to be univ]sally adopt$4 ,aga93 ,does n %e t is a k9d "m "k ! wants & desires ( h] *ildr58 ,take ! lovely (fspr+ f its "m's c>e & protection1 & imprison x be=e h] eyes1 & w %e n impati5tly cry al\d = its release & re/oration to lib]ty8 & w n ! *ild's screams %[ its affection = its fond p>5t8 & :5 its lib]ty is re/or$1 does n consolation quickly foll[8 ,! lo/ *ild be+ once m "u its "m's c>e1 bo? "m & *ild are happy4 ,simil> facts are exemplifi$ by ! "m ( ! hive1 :o loves h] multitud9\s (fspr+1 & lives 9 h>mony & affection ) !m4 ,%e evid5tly dislikes a sep>ation f h] subjects1 :o seem to be1 & d\btless are1 mo/ devot$ly atta*$ to h]4 ,& :51 on tak+ (f a glass or a box1 !y are divid$ only = a few m9utes1 we witness _! sorr[1 & he> _! lam5tations 9 ! hive1--! ,que5-"m call+ = h] *ildr51 anxi\s on _! "p to be releas$2 & z soon z an opportunity is af=d$ !m ( effect+ _! escape1 !y embrace x1--! mom5t !y feel _! lib]ty1 !y gladly take advantage ( x1 & return to ! pavilion 9 multitudes1 s t 9 a %ort "t tranquillity is re/or$1 & peace & happ9ess are aga9 enjoy$ by ! previ\sly unhappy "m ( ! hive1--h] subjects cr[d r\nd h]1 & ! place t _h lately be5 _! prison soon becomes _! palace1 & a magaz9e = future treasure1 :i* ! humane api>ian w aga9 be entitl$ to4 ,mu* has be5 said on ! pil+ or /orify+ mode ( manag+ ,bees2 & ,i admit t !re are advantages 9 x :i* we d n meet ) 9 ! cottage-hive sy/em4 ,x is1 not)/&+1 imp]fect 9 ! design1--x is f\nd$ 9 error1--9 practice x is liable to _m difficulties1--& x is p>ticul>ly disadvantage\s to ! lab\rs ( ^! valuable insects1 z w be m fully %[n :5 ,i come to /ate my objections to x4 ,we h only to /udy ! nature & habits ( ,bees1 & to wat* p>ticul>ly ! desires ( ^! indefatigable creatures4 ,!y alone w tea* u ! lesson4 ,b foll[ !m ?r\gh _! movem5ts dur+ a summ]'s day1 & y w behold !m1 z x 71 pitifully ask+ = ! assi/ance ( man1 accord+ to ! v>y+ /ate ( ! !rmomet]4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,!rmomet]4 ,z ,i h be5 frequ5tly ask$ to expla9 ! utility ( v5tilation 9 a hive or colony ( ,bees1 s h ,i z frequ5tly be5 ask$1 sometimes ) civility & polit5ess1 sometimes je]+ly & 9 contempt1--,:at has ! !rmomet] to d ) ,bees8 ,i answ]--,we %all see pres5tly2 & ,i tru/1 see en\gh to conv9ce ! v]ie/ sceptic on ! subject1 t ! !rmomet] is an in/rum5t t is indisp5sably necess>y 9 ! managem5t ( ,bees accord+ to my plan4 ,su* inquir]s might z reasonably ask :at ! ma9spr+ ( a wat* has to d ) ! movem5ts ( t ma*9e8 ,)\t ! ma9spr+ ! wat* w\ld n "w at all2 & )\t ! !rmomet] we _c asc]ta9 ) any degree ( accuracy ! int]ior temp]ature ( ! hive2 ! k ( :i* temp]ature is ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce 9 ! humane managem5t ( ,honey-,bees4 ,! !rmomet] is ! safe/1 if n ! sole guide to a sci5tific k ( _! /ate & works4 ,to v5tilate an api>y or colony ( ,bees1 :5 _! int]ior temp]ature is "u #fj degrees1 w\ld be ru9\s to !m1--because contr>y to ! prosp]\s progress ( _! natural lab\rs4 ,f upw>ds ( fifte5 hundr$ obs]vations 9 ! summ] ( #ahbe1 ,i am fully satisfi$ on ?is po9t4 ,_! nature is to keep up at lea/ t1 & sometimes a mu* high]1 degree ( temp]ature by _! indefatigable lab\rs2 & z ! temp]ature ( ! hive rises1 s does x invigorate & enc\rage an increase ( population1 z well z an increase ( _! treasur$ sweets4 ,z ! hive fills1 s w ! !rmomet] rise to #abj & ev5 to #acj degrees1 be=e ^! wor?ies w by ov]-heat be =c$ to leave _! weal?y home4 ,:5 ! !rmomet] is at ! above height1 ^! weal?y coloni/s w h arriv$ at ! highe/ /ate ( p]fection1--weal?y inde$1 e /ore-h\se be+ fill$ ne>ly to suffocation ) _! abundant treasures1 & !y1 z x 71 petition+ ! obs]v] ( _! too-limit$ /ore-h\se = a fre% room4 ,?us circum/anc$ !n give !m a fre% room1--accommodate !m ) su* a /ore-h\se z ei!r ( my collat]al-boxes w & is int5d$ to af=d !m4 ,=ce !m n to w>m3 an emigration f a prosp]\s colony ( half its population _c fail ( be+ v disadvantage\s1 bo? to ^? t emigrate1 :o mu/ necess>ily be poor1 & to ^? t rema91 be !y ev] s indu/ri\s1 or ev] s weal?y4 ,:5 y discov] y\r !rmomet] ris+ rapidly1 &1 in/ead ( /&+1 z x g5]ally does 9 a well-/ock$ colony1 at ab\t #hj degrees1 ris+ 9 a few h\rs to #ij1 & p]haps to #if1 or ev5 to #ajj1 y may conclude t v5tilation is !n highly necess>y4 ,! m y v5tilate1 :5 _! temp]ature gets to ?is oppressive & dang]\s height1 ! m y b5efit ! ,bees lab\r+ "u x2 = :5 !y f9d a com=table temp]ature )91 !y enjoy x1 & w proce$ to fill e vacant comb4 ,nature has provid$ ! ,que5 ( ,bees ) ! p[] ( multiply+ h] species1 & ( provid+ aga9/ any casualty :i* 9 s num]\s a /ate may frequ5tly happ54 ,t all-see+ eye t nei!r slumb]s nor sleeps1 b con/antly sup]9t5ds alike ! affairs ( insects & ( m51 has1 d\btless1 long beheld ! %ameful neglect ( man1 :i* is ! ma9 cause ( ! di/ress ( ! hive1 & :i* =ces x to sw>m4 ,let man1 !n1 rem$y ! di/ress & mis*ief :i* he occasions1 by prev5t+ x4 ,x is ! ,que5-,bee t emigrates2 7 %e n to lead1 none w\ld lead2 nor w\ld any foll[ 7 ano!r ?an ! ,que5 to lead1 to seek & to settle 9 "s place m cong5ial to !m ?an an ov]-heat$1 ov]-/ock$1 ?\gh ri* hive4 ,%e well kn[s %e _c live 9 a /ate subject$ to a suffocat+ heat1 amid/ an ov]gr[n population4 ,s %e leaves ! royal cradle1 impregnat$ ) ! royal l>va1 & )draws f ! hive1 reluctantly1 "o may suppose1 ?\gh accompani$ by ?\s&s ( h] subjects4 ,! ,que5-,bee leads ! sw>m to seek a place ( com=t1 & to e/abli% ano!r home1 :]e n "o cell nor drop ( honey exi/s4 ,to e/abli% ! tru? ( ^! ass]tions1 & to prove ! utility ( v5tilation & ( ! !rmomet]1 9 regulat+ ! degree ( v5tilation 9 ! managem5t ( ,bees1 ,i w n[ give my read] an acc\nt ( "s int]e/+ exp]im5ts t ,i made 9 #ahbf1 & !n add a few extracts f my !rmometrical j\rnal ( t summ]2 :i* 9 fact guid$ me 9 ^? exp]im5ts1 = )\t ! assi/ance ( my !rmomet] ,i c\ld n h made !m2 f :i*1 tak5 toge!r1 x w1 ,i ?9k1 be suffici5tly evid5t t v5tilation & ! !rmomet] are highly necess>y1--are alike important1--9 %ort1 are indisp5sable 9 ! humane managem5t ( ,honey-bees4 ,on ! #bf? ( ,june #ahbf1 ,i suff]$ a colony ( ,bees to sw>m1 9 ord] to prove ! tru? ( ! =ego+ /atem5ts4 ,x 0 a v f9e colony3 ! !rmomet] _h be5 /&+ at #aaj = six days previ\sly1 9 "o ( ! collat]al end-boxes2 on ! eigh? day x rose sudd5ly to #abj4 ,i 0 !n =c+ my ,bees to leave _! home2 ,i c\ld h l[]$ _! temp]ature1 & by s do+1 ,i c\ld h reta9$ my wor?ies 9 _! native boxes3 b ,i 0 !n ab\t to prove a fact ( ! greate/ mom5t to api>ians4 ,on ! n9? day1 at half-pa/ twelve o'clock1 ! f9e/ sw>m ,i ev] beheld t[]$ above my head1 & lit]ally d>k5$ ! atmosph]e 9 ! front ( my api>y4 ,aft] rema9+ ab\t five m9utes 9 ! op5 air1 ! ,que5 p]*$ h]self ^u a tree 9 my g>d51 :]e %e 0 expos$ to ! rays ( a scor*+ sun2 b h] loyal subjects quickly surr\nd$ h]1 & scre5$ h] f its influ5ce4 ,i imm$iately did :at ,i c\ld to assi/ my gr& prize1 by hang+ a %eet be=e x1 to w>d (f ! int5se heat ( ! sun4 ,i all[$ ! ,bees to hang 9 ?is situation until ! ev5+4 ,dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! sw>m f ! colony1 my full employm5t 0 to wat* ! p>5t-/ock1 9 ord] t ,i might1 9 ! ev5+1 return ! ,bees ( ?is beautiful sw>m to _! native-hive1 :i* !y _h be5 =c$ to leave4 ,curiosity & a desire to solve a d\btful problem1 = ! good ( future api>ians1 l$ me to act z already relat$1 at ! exp5se ( mu* inconv5i5ce to ! ,bees4 ,! rema9+ ,honey-,bees cont9u$ lab\r+ dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! day2 & 9 ! ev5+ ( t same day1 ! !rmomet] 0 /&+ at #ij degrees 9 ! old /ock2 s t ! abs5ce ( ! sw>m _h l[]$ ! temp]ature ( ! pavilion #cj degrees1 & ,i 0 q sure ,i c\ld r$uce x 9 ! collat]al end-box to t ( ! ext]ior atmosph]e1 :i*1 aft] ! sun _h gone d[n1 0 only #fe4 ,to effect ?is1 ,i resolv$ at once to take (f a f9e top-glass fill$ ) honey4 ,i did s3 its weight 0 f\rte5 p\nds4 ,?is op]ation r$uc$ ! int]ior heat ( ! colony to #ge4 ,b look+ at my gr& sw>m1 & int5t z ,i 0 ^u re-unit+ x to ! p>5t-/ock1 ,i ?\ght x impossible = ! vacant space conv5i5tly to hold all ! ,bees4 ,i _h "o1 & only "o1 alt]native left1--& t 0 to take f my colony a collat]al-box4 ,i !re=e took x2 & a mo/ beautiful box x 03 its weight 0 fifty p\nds4 ,i imm$iately plac$ an empty box 9 ! situation ! full "o _h occupi$4 ,i !n drew f ! side ( ! pavilion ! divid+ t9-slide1 & ! :ole ( ! colony 0 %ortly at ! desir$ temp]ature ( #fe1 t be+ ! ext]ior heat ( ! ev5+4 ,i 0 n[ fully conv9c$ ( ! propriety ( return+ ! sw>m4 ,i comm5c$ op]ations = accompli%+ t object at t5 o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 by con/ruct+ a tempor>y /age ne> ! m\? ( ! p>5t-/ock4 ,i !n procur$ a :ite %eet1 & laid x ^u ! table or tempor>y /age1 & 9 a mom5t /ruck ! sw>m f ! hive into :i* ! ,bees _h be5 tak5 f ! b\gh 9 ! ev5+4 ,my next difficulty 0 to imprison ! sov]eign ( ! sw>m3 b ) a little lab\r ,i succe$$ 9 discov]+ h]1 & made h] my captive4 ,no soon] 0 %e my prison] ?an ! ,bees seem$ to be acqua9t$ ) h] abs5ce4 ,b s ne> 7 !y plac$ to ! m\? ( ! p>5t-/ock t !y soon caught ! od\r ( ! hive1 & 9 ! space ( ab\t fifte5 m9utes ! :ole sw>m1 save only h] maje/y1 7 "u ! ro( ( _! p>5t-home4 ,! foll[+ morn+ increas$ my anxiety ab\t ! welf>e ( my /ock4 ,fe>ful le/ my c>i\s anticipations %\ld meet ) a disappo9tm5t1 at sun-rise 9 ! morn+ ,i releas$ f h] imprisonm5t ! captive ,que54 ,i plac$ h] on ! front-bo>d1 ne> ! entrance ( h] hive1 to asc]ta91 if possible1 :e!r !re 0 )9 ! /ate "o great] ?an h]self4 ,b no visible sign ( su* be+ ! case pres5t$ itself4 ,! influ5ce ( ! *e]y sun soon caus$ h] to move h] maje/ic body to ! entrance ( h] native domicil1 :]e %e 0 met1 surr\nd$1 & no d\bt welcom$1 by ?\s&s ( h] subjects1 :o soon conduct$ h] into ! hive1 &1 x may be presum$1 re-in/at$ h] on ! ?rone1 :i* a few h\rs be=e %e _h be5 compell$ to abdicate4 ,! ,bees aft]w>ds salli$ =?) extraord9>y alacrity & regul>ity1 &1 beyond my mo/ sangu9e expectations1 fill$ a l>ge glass ) honey 9 ! %ort space ( six days4 ,t glass ( honey 0 exhibit$ at ! ,national ,repository1 ) a model ( my api>y1 & 0 mu* admir$ by _m ( ! memb]s & visitors ( t noble in/itution4 ,i h n[ to rem>k1 t dur+ ! n9e days aft] ! sw>m _h be5 return$ to ! p>5t-/ock1 ! !rmomet] cont9u$ ris+ until x rea*$ ! temp]ature ( #ij )9 ! collat]al-box2 & on ! t5? day1 at five o'clock 9 ! morn+1 ,i witness$ ! gr& secret1--,i view$ ) unutt]able delight ! extraord9>y fact ,i _h be5 endeav\r+ to asc]ta91--viz4--two royal nymphs laid pro/rate on ! alight+-bo>d1 ne> ! ext]ior entrance ( ! hive4 ,?is circum/ance alone conv9c$ me t no m sw>m+ 0 necess>y4 ,i h fur!r to notice1 t on ! ?ird day aft]w>ds ! ,bees comm5c$ _! de/ruction ( ! drones1--:i* 0 a satisfactory pro( t ,i _h ga9$ my po9t4 ,t colony has nev] sw>m$ s9ce ! p]iod ,i ?us fir/ satisfactorily e/abli%$ ! utility ( v5tilation4 ,& on m9utely att5d+ to ! extraord9>y movem5ts ( ?is my fav\rite colony1 x 0 n uncommon to notice ! mo/ infant appe>ance ( ! royal brood ly+ ^u ! front-bo>d ( ! pavilion4 ,s t ,i am well satisfi$ t ! royal l>va is always 9 exi/5ce 9 ! hive1 indep5d5tly ( ! reign+ ,que54 ,let me n be misund]/ood2 ,i d n mean by ?is expression to ass]t--t ! royal l>va exi/s 9 ! hive )\t ! in/rum5tality or ag5cy ( ! reign+ ,que52--f> f x2 = no common ,bees c make a sov]eign ,bee )\t ! egg f ! royal body3 :at ,i d mean is--t ! royal l>va is always 9 exi/5ce 9 a colony ( ,bees1 not)/&+ ! exi/5ce & pres5ce ( a reign+ ,que5--t ! ,que5 is !re1 & t ! royal l>va is !re at ! same "t4 ,9 ?is ! wisdom ( ,provid5ce is manife/2 = ,nature has ?us provid$ t ! royal cradle %\ld conta9 ! royal brood1 t 9 case any accid5t1 mis=tune1 casualty1 or necessity1 %\ld occasion ! abs5ce ( ! reign+ ,que51 ano!r may be br\ght =?4 ,?is l>va 9 res]ve1 z x 71 is protect$ & re>$ by ! inhabitants ) ! utmo/ c>e1 nay1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! ,que51 x is almo/ wor%ipp$1 until x becomes suffici5tly matur$ to take ! (fice & fulfil ! duties ( its royal pr$ecessor2 ( c\rse x !n reigns supreme1--x is !n ,que5 absolute4 ,on ?is po9t ,i n only co9cide 9 op9ion ) ,?orley1 b h se5 en\gh 9 ! c\rse ( my exp]i5ce among ,bees to confirm ! tru? ( :at ,i h n[ /at$4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! fur!r discussion ( ?is nice po9t belongs to ! natural hi/ory ( ! ,bee r ?an to ! explanation & inculcation ( my practical mode ( ,bee-managem5t1 ,i refra9 f say+ m ^u x1 le/ by s do+ ,i %\ld inadv]t5tly excite criticism & controv]sy4 ,i !re=e proce$ ) my prop] subject4 ,! foll[+ !rmometrical obs]vations are f ! j\rnal be=e m5tion$4 ,! fir/ column gives ! day ( ! mon?1--! second %[s ! h\r ( ! day :5 ! !rmomet] 0 exam9$1--& ! ?ird is its height at ^? sev]al times 9 ! colony ( ,bees ^u :i* my exp]im5ts 7 s successfully made4 #ahbf4 ,at ?is /ate ( ! ,!rmomet] ,april ,h\r ,!r4 x is highly necess>y to remove y\r ,bees to _! #a #h #ch summ] /&4 ,a great decrease -- #ab #df ( weal? 9 ! hive w appe> #b #h #ch daily "u ?is temp]ature2 -- #ab #dc & fe$+ %\ld be resort$ #c #h #cb to until x rise to #ej3 & if -- #ab #cg mod]ate fe$+ be cont9u$ #d #ab #cg until ! int]ior temp]ature #e #cg rea* #ee1 x w mat]ially #f #cg /r5g!n & invigorate y\r #g #cg ,bees4 ,& z ! !rmomet] #h #h #dj cont9ues to rise1 y w f9d -- #ab #de y\r hive improve4 ,x w soon #i #h #df be 9 a good /ate = ! spr+4 #aj #ab #eh ,consid]able improvem5ts 9 #aa #f #df ! combs1 & imm5se ga!r+ -- #aj #eh ( f>9a1 appe> to occupy #ab #i #eb ! ,bees at ?is "t4 -- #a #fd #ac #ab #fd ,! enemies ( ,bees are #ad #fd num]\s & active 9 ?is #ae #fd mon?4 ,z mu* z possible #af #fd gu>d aga9/ _! attacks1 & #ag #fd be c>eful to def5d y\r ,bees #ah #h #ed aga9/ !m4 ,at all times keep #ai #ab #fj _! floor-bo>ds clean2 & #bj #ef n[ )draw ! dead ,bees1 if #ba #ab #eh !re %\ld appe> to be any #bb #ej ly+ on ! floor-bo>ds or #bc #eb o!r /&s4 ,?is w save #bd #fj ! live ,bees mu* lab\r1 & #be #fe may be done v easily4 #bf #gj #bg #gd #bh #fh #bi #gd #cj #gj ,may ,h\r ,!r4 ,sw>m+ may be expect$ 9 #a #e #db ?is mon? if ! hives be ri* -- #i #eh & ! season fav\rable4 ,to -- #ab #gj prev5t :i* enl>ge y\r #b #e #da hives1 by add+ ?ree or f\r -- #h #dh r\nds1 i4 e4 an eke1 to ! -- #ab #fj bottom ( ea* ( !m4 #c #e #dc -- #ab #ef ,if y h ! collat]al-box #d #g #ea hives1 y ne$ only draw up #e #g #eb ! t9-slides1 or "o ( !m1 -- #d #eb z occasion may require4 ,by #f #g #df ?is means y enl>ge ! ,bees' -- #a #fc domicil1 )\t admitt+ ! #g #e #db atmosph]ic air4 ,?is move #h #ab #fj s pleases ^! indefatigable #i #a #gh creatures1 t y w behold #aj #ab #eh at once ! utility & humanity #aa #ab #ed ( ?is mode ( managem5t4 #ab #ab #fb #ac #ab #gb #ad #ab #gj -- #a #ge #ae #e #dc -- #ab #gj -- #b #gd #af #ab #gj ,%\ld ! wea!r be seasonable1 #ag #ab #fh ! boxes w n[ be fill$ #ah #h #eh rapidly1 & ! !rmomet] #ai #h #ej w rise quickly4 ,at ?is p]iod -- #ab #gj v5tilation w demon/rate #bj #h #eh :at has hi!rto be5 a secret -- #ab #fj ( nature2--viz4 _m "y #ba #h #ed sov]eigns 9 v>i\s /ates ( -- #ab #fb p]fection w be se5 daily ca/ -- #b #eh out ( ! hives3 & ! wax5 #bb #h #ed cells w be ext5d$ to ! -- #ab #fb remote/ corn]s ( _! domicil4 -- #b #eh #bc #g #ej ,ri*es are n[ rapidly accumulat$3 -- #ab #fb & ! glasses fill$ -- #b #gj ) ! pure/ sweets4 ,small #bd #g #ej glasses may be tak5 (f f -- #ab #fh ! inv]t$-hives1 if ! wea!r -- #b #gb prove f9e4 #be #e #fj -- #h #fb ,mem4--,a glass ( honey1 weigh+ -- #aa #fd #ab lbs4 & a collat]al-box1 -- #ab #gj weigh+ #db lbs4 tak54 -- #c #ga #bf #g #eh ,aft] tak+ ! above treasure -- #aj #gd f ! collat]al-hive1 -- #a #hj & plac+ an empty glass & -- #d #gc an empty box 9 ! places ( #bg #f #fa ^? tak5 (f1 ! int]ior -- #aj #gd temp]ature 0 r$uc$ to #fj -- #ab #hd degrees1 :ile ! atmosph]e -- #b #hb 0 #ef at twelve o'clock at -- #d #hj night4 -- #e #gj #bh #f #fj -- #ab #fh ,! pure honey tak5 0 -- #b #fh ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! weight -- #c #gj ( ! hive1 & x w be -- #h #fa obs]v$ t ! heat %[s a #bi #e #fj decrease 9 ! temp]ature ( -- #aj #fd "o f\r?4 -- #a #gf -- #g #ff -- #i #fd #cj #f #fj -- #h #fd -- #i #gd -- #ab #gh #ca #f #fa -- #ab #gd -- #b #gh -- #d #gf ,june ,h\r ,!r4 #a #g #fb -- #ab #gf #b #f #fb -- #ab #gh -- #e #gf #c #f #fj ,mem4--,a collat]al-box ( -- #ab #gf honey1 weigh+ #ef lbs4 & a -- #e #gd glass on ! #aj?1 weigh+ #ad-a_/b #d #f #fj lbs4 tak54 -- #ab #gd -- #c #gh #e #f #ed -- #ab #fh #f #f #eh -- #ab #ff -- #c #fb #g #f #ed -- #b #fb -- #d #fd #h #f #eb -- #ab #ef -- #d #eb #i #g #ed -- #ab #gd -- #b #hj #aj #f #fj -- #ab #gd -- #c #gb #aa #f #fj -- #ab #gj -- #c #gf -- #d #gh -- #i #gj #ab #f #fd ,mem4--,a collat]al-box1 -- #ab #gd weigh+ #fj lbs4 & -- #b #hb ano!r1 weigh+ #eb lbs4 #ac #f #fj tak54 -- #aj #hb -- #ab #ij #ad #f #fd -- #ab #hd -- #b #hh -------------------------- -- #d #hf #ae #g #ff -- #aj #gj -- #c #hh -- #f #hj #bd #g #ff #ag #ab #gj -- #h #hb -- #c #hh -- #c #ij -- #i #fh #be #f #gj #ah #f #ff -- #aj #ij -- #ab #gj -- #ab #id -- #b #gf #bf #g #hf #ai #f #fj -- #aa #id -- #ab #gj -- #e #ia -- #e #ff -- #i #hf #bj #h #fj #bg #g #hd -- #ab #gj -- #i #ij -- #c #gf -- #a #if #ba #g #fj #bh #f #hh -- #ab #gj -- #ab #id -- #c #gb -- #aa #ij #bb #i #gj #bi #f #hf -- #ab #gj -- #ab #id -- #c #fe -- #b #if #bc #f #gj -- #g #ia -- #ab #ge #cj #e #ij -- #c #hb -- #ab #if -- #f #gf -- #d #hd ,july ,h\r ,!r4 #a #f #id ,if ! pa/urage = ,bees beg9 -- #ab #if to fail 9 y\r neighb\rhood -- #d #id at ?is "t1 x is advisable1 if -- #g #id x be practicable1 to remove y\r #b #f #id colonies to a bett] & a m -- #ab #if pr(itable situation4 ,y w be -- #f #id ri*ly rew>d$ = ?is att5tion -- #aj #id to ! prosp]ity ( y\r api>y4 #c #f #id -- #ab #if -- #f #id -- #aj #ij -------------------------------- #d #f #ib -- #ab #id ,july ,h\r ,!r4 -- #f #ij #ad #f #gf #e #f #ij -- #ab #gh -- #ab #ib -- #f #gf -- #f #ij #ae #f #gd #g #f #ij -- #ab #gf -- #ab #ib -- #f #gh -- #f #ib #af #f #gh -- #aj #ib -- #ab #hf #h #g #ib -- #f #hf -- #ab #ib -- #aj #hj -- #f #ij #ag #f #gh -- #aa #ij -- #aj #gh #i #f #hh -- #ab #hj -- #ab #ib #ah #f #gf -- #c #hb -- #ab #hj -- #aj #hj -- #f #gh #aj #f #gh -- #aj #gf -- #ab #hj #ai #f #gf -- #f #hb -- #ab #hj #aa #f #hj -- #f #gd -- #ab #hd -- #aj #gd -- #f #hf #bj #f #fh -- #aj #ij -- #ab #gj #ab #f #hf -- #f #gj -- #ab #hj -- #aj #gj -- #f #gf #ba #f #ff -- #aj #gd -- #ab #fh #ac #f #gd -- #d #fd -- #ab #gf -- #f #gf ,summ>y ( memor&ums ( ! sev]al deprivations or tak+s ( honey f "o set ( boxes ?is season3 ,may #bg4 ,glass & box #ed lbs4 ,june #i4 ,box #ef 44 ---- #aj4 ,glass #ad-a_/b 44 ---- #ab4 ,box #fj 44 ---- #ac4 ,ditto #eb 44 ,collat]al-box #fj 44 -------- #bif-a_/b lbs4 ,did ,i deem x necess>y1 ,i c\ld1 f ! lett]s ( a v>iety ( highly respectable correspond5ts1 %[ t ! mode ( manag+ ,bees 9 ! way1 & ^u ! pr9ciples1 n[ expla9$1 has be5 adopt$1 & has succe$$ ev5 beyond ! mo/ sangu9e expectations ( _m ( my wor?y fri5ds & patrons2 b ,i w cont5t myself at pres5t ) giv+ ! two foll[+ lett]s1 :i* ,i h j receiv$ f a g5tleman 9 ?is neighb\rhood1 ^: v "n1 to all :o h any k ( or acqua9tance ) him1 w be a suffici5t gu>antee t 8 /atem5ts are facts4 ,besides1 8 lett]s are a cond5s$1 & ,i mu/ say--clev] epitome ( my practical directions = ! managem5t ( ,bees 9 my boxes1 & may be useful on t acc\nt2 & moreov]1 ,i h1 z w be se5 pres5tly1 8 unsolicit$ au?ority to make !m public1 & !re=e run no risk ( be+ call$ to ord] = s do+4 ,g$ney-,hill1 #ac? ,july1 #ahcb4 ,de> ,sir1 ,y w1 ,i am p]suad$1 excuse me = tr\bl+ y ) ! in=mation t ,i ye/]day took (f a f9e glass ( honey f "o ( my ,bee-colonies4 ,i w5t to "w secundum artem1 t is1 9 "o ^w1 sci5tifically1 or 9 f\r words1 accord+ to y\r directions2 & ,i h ! satisfaction1 nay m1--,i h ! pleasure to add t ,i succe$$--,i _h almo/ said completely1 b ,i mu/ qualify t expression by say+1 t ,i succe$$ all b completely2 = "o luckless ,bee _h ! mis=tune to be caught betwe5 ! edges ( ! divid+-t9 & ! glass1 & to be cru%$ to dea? 9 consequ5ce4 ,except+ t accid5t1 ,i believe t n "o ,bee 0 injur$1 nor lo/4 ,!y left ! glass1 z soon z ,i gave !m ! opportunity ( leav+ x1 9 ! mo/ peaceable mann]2 9 a subdu$ & pla9tive tone !y humm$ r\nd me1--settl$ ^u me1--crept ov] me 9 all directions1--b n "o ( !m /ung me2 9 %ort1 !y return$ to _! home )\t manife/+ ! slighte/ symptoms ( res5tm5t1 & 9 less ?an half an h\r f ! comm5cem5t ( ! op]ation1 !re 0 n a s+le ,bee left 9 ! glass4 ,9 my eye x is a v h&some glass ( honey2 x weighs exactly #ac lbs1 & x has n "o brood-cell 9 x4 ,i int5d to close x up1--to label x1--& to keep x1 at lea/ until ,i get ano!r z h&some4 ,x is a ri* curiosity to exhibit to "o's fri5ds1 especially to ^? :o h nev] se5 su* a ?+4 ,on ! o!r side1 ,i s5d y a =tnight's regi/] ( ! heights & v>iations ( a !rmomet]1 plac$ 9 ! colony f :i* ,i h tak5 ! glass1 & also1 ( "o plac$ 9 ! %ade1 & ap>t f all ,bees2 f :i* regi/] y w "k1 9 a mom5t1 :e!r ,i h manag$ my ,bees prop]ly4 ,i am will+ to flatt] myself t ,i h1 & t y w say ,i h be5 v att5tive inde$4 ,!r4 ,!r4 ,!r4 ,!r4 #ahcb4 9 ! 9 ! #ahcb4 9 ! 9 ! ,july ,h\r ,colony ,%ade ,july ,h\r ,colony ,%ade -------------------------------- ------------------------------- #a #aa #hf #ff #e #i #hh #fd 44 #f #hh #ff #f #h #hh #fd #b #f #ij #fe 44 #b #hh #fe 44 #a #ib #ff 44 #i #hh #fd 44 #a #ib #ff #g #h #hi #fd 44 #i #hf #fe 44 #i #hh #fd #c #h #hh #fe #h #i #hf #fd 44 #a #hg #fe 44 #i #hf #fd 44 #c #hi #fe #i #g #ij #fd 44 #e #hg #fd 44 #b #hi #fe 44 #i #hh #fd 44 #h #hh #ff #d #d #hh #fd #aj #h #hh #ff 44 #aj #hc #fd 44 #b #hi #ff 44 #ab #hf #fe #aa #i #hh #ff 44 #e #ij #fe 44 #b #hi #ff 44 #i #hf #fd #ab #i #ij #fe #e #g #hi #fd 44 #a #id #ff 44 #aj #hh #fd 44 #i #hi #fh 44 #a #ij #fe #ac #h #hi #ff 44 #e #hi #fe 44 #e #ij #ff ,9 addition to ?is ,i c\ld1 "t & space p]mitt+1 tell y f :at po9t ! w9d blew on ea* ( ^! days1 :5 x came full 9 front ( my boxes1 & :5 x came ^u !m 9 any o!r direction1 :5 x 0 high1 & :5 x 0 o!rwise1 on :at days ! ,bees 7 able to get abroad1 & also :5 !y 7 kept at home by ra91 or by any o!r cause4 ,f ^! obs]vations ( ! w9d & wea!r1 & p>ticul>ly f ! mann] 9 :i* ! w9d is direct$ t[>ds1 or into ! v5tilators 9 ! boxes1 9 conjunction ) ! movem5ts ( ! ,bees1 ,i ?9k ,i c acc\nt pretty satisfactorily = :at may appe>1 at fir/ sight1 to be a little contradictory1 viz4 = ! ris+ ( ! !rmomet] 9 ! boxes sometimes :5 x 0 fall+ 9 ! %ade2 & vice v]sa1 = its sometimes ris+ 9 ! %ade :5 x 0 fall+ 9 ! boxes4 ,b in/ead ( writ+ y a diss]tation on ^! subjects1 or on any ( !m1 ,i *oose r to put y into possession ( ! :ole ( my ,bee-practice1 by submitt+ to y\r notice a copy1 or z ne>ly z ,i c make x a copy1 ( a lett] ,i took ! lib]ty ( address+ to ! ,editor ( ',! ,voice ( ,humanity1' 9 ,octob] la/1 aft] ! appe>ance 9 ,no4 ,v4 ( t publication1 ( a repres5tation & imp]fect explanation ( y\r boxes4 ,i 0 enc\rag$ to write t lett] by ! foll[+ ann\ncem5t 9 an article 9 t ,no4--',a due reg>d ( rational humanity t[>ds ! ,bee1 ?\gh b an insect1 we %all feel a pleasure 9 promot+ 9 ! future z well z ! pres5t pages ( our publication4 ,?is subject has1 moreov]1 a v /rong claim1 inasmu* z x also exemplifies ! gr& pr9ciple ^u :i* ,! ,voice ( ,humanity is f\nd$--! true prev5tion ( cruelty to animals1 by sub/itut+ a practical1 an improv$ sy/em1 9 ! place ( "o :i* is defective2 ?is1 9 ref]5ce to ! pres5t subject1 c1 is true prev5tion ( cruelty1 n only to units1 b to ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( animals4' ,not)/&+ ?is v rational ann\ncem5t1 & ! prompt ackn[l$gm5t ( ! receipt ( my lett]1 x did n appe> 9 ei!r ( ! next two numb]s1 nor am ,i aw>e t x is 9 ! la/1 b ,i h n yet se5 ! la/ ,no4 ( t publication1 !re=e mu/ n be positive4 ,b ?is is n all3 9 ,no4 #f1 ! conductors ( t "w express i s9c]e pleasure' 9 ins]t+ an article :i*1 !y say1 c =ms an admirable addition to t on ,mr4 ,nutt's ,bee-hive2' & t '! plan :i* x developes1 9 addition to its humanity1 has ! recomm5dation ( be+ m simple & practicable ?an ev5 ! excell5t improvem5ts ( ,mr4 ,nutt4' ,n[ :at d y suppose ?is admirable addition to y\r ,bee-hive1---?is plan recomm5d$ on acc\nt ( its humanity1 z well z on o!r acc\nts--is8 ,x is no o!r ?an t mo/ cruel & de/ructive "o ( depriv+ ,bees ( _! honey & ( e ?+ else1 by 'driv+ !m out ( a full hive into an empty "o1 s e>ly 9 ! season z to af=d ! ,bees suffici5t "t to provide !mselves ) ano!r /ock ( w9t] food be=e ! bad wea!r beg9s4' ,v consid]ate ?is1 c]ta9ly6 b :o c tell h[ soon ! bad wea!r may beg98 ,( all ! me?ods ev] resort$ to ( gett+ _! honey f ,bees1 ?is1 9 my humble op9ion1 is ! mo/ cruel & inhuman3 suffocat+ ! ,bees & de/roy+ !m at once is f> pref]able to ?is 7,i _h hop$7 explod$ mode ( robb+ !m4 ,if practis$1 x w1 h[ev]1 soon cure itself3 b is x n a /range practice = ',! ,voice ( ,humanity' to revive8 ,ei!r ! utt]]s ( t sweet ,voice are unacqua9t$ ) ! humane managem5t ( ,bees ^u y\r plan1 or !y are unaw>e ( ! mis*iev\s & de/ructive consequ5ces att5dant on ! driv+ mode ( deprivation1 or !y h little claim to ! title !y be> on ! score ( _! humanity to ,bees4 ,i believe ! =m] to be ! case ) !m3 & !re=e1 9 addition to ! reason already giv5 = tr\bl+ y h]e)1 & 9 ord] to set !m "r on ?is vital subject1 ,i give y full p[] to d :at y please ) ^! lett]s4 ,if !y w be ( any use to y 9 y\r project$ publication1 give !m a place 9 x1 & welcome3 only d n g>ble !m1 give !m entire1 if y give !m at all4 ,i am decid$ly oppos$ to ! driv+ s*eme2 & ,i z decid$ly approve ( y\rs1 :i* is1 if prop]ly att5d$ to1 at once simple1 practicable1 pr(itable1 admirable1 & truly humane4 ,accept me1 ,de> ,sir1 ,y\rs v truly1 ,?omas ,cl>k4 ,mr4 ,editor1 ,s9ce ! publication ( ! la/ ,no4 ( ',! ,voice ( ,humanity1' 9 :i* y treat$ y\r read]s ) "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s explanatory ( ! con/ruction & diff]5t p>ts ( ,mr4 ,nutt's ,bee-boxes1 & also ( ! mode ( manag+ ! ,bees 9 !m1 s f> at lea/ z reg>ds ! tak+ away a box :5 /or$ ) ! delici\s sweet 7i4 e4 ) honey71 x has be5 sugge/$ to me1 t a pla91 simple hi/ory ( a colony ( ,bees 9 my possession1 & manag$ accord+ to ,mr4 ,nutt's excell5t plan1 may n be altoge!r unacceptable to ! g5]al read]s & fri5ds ( ',! ,voice ( ,humanity' & may be ev5 a treat to amateur api>ians1 :o may be unacqua9t$ ) ! m]its ( ,mr4 ,nutt's plan2 or :o1 if p>tially acqua9t$ !re)1 may h _! d\bts z to its practicability1 or1 at lea/1 z to its advantages1 i4 e4 sup]iority ov] o!r plans4 ,z f>1 !n1 z #f ,! ,voice ( ,humanity' c make !m 7! m]its ( ,mr4 ,nutt's plan7 kn[n1 ,i tru/ x w be z music to t ,voice to publi% ! foll[+ facts4 ,hav+ _h a complete set ( ,mr4 ,nutt's boxes pres5t$ to me1 ,i1 ?\gh comp>atively a novice 9 api>ian sci5ce1 & n at t "t p>ticul>ly atta*$ to x1 c\ld n1 9 complim5t to ! donor1 d less ?an endeav\r to "w !m1 t 0--get !m /ock$4 ,t 0 done ) a sw>m on ! #ah? ( ,may #ahcj2 & ! middle-box1 or pavilion ( nature1 z ,mr4 ,nutt calls x1 into :i* ! said sw>m 0 tak5 j 9 ! same way x w\ld h be5 if put into a common /raw-hive1 0 convey$ a di/ance ( ne>ly f\r miles & plac$ 9 my g>d5 9 ! ev5+ ( ! same day4 ,! next day be+ f9e1 ,i obs]v$ t ! ,bees 7 v busy con/ruct+ comb1 & _h1 )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( _! be+ domicil$ 9 _! new abode1 actually made a progress 9 t mo/ curi\s "w t a/oni%$ me3 !y 7 pass+ & re-pass+1 & lit]ally all alive2 _m 7 visibly load$ ) mat]ials = _! +5i\s "w4 ,my curiosity 0 excit$1 & s mu* 0 ,i pleas$ ) my multitud9\s lab\r]s t ,i visit$ !m daily1 & _m times 9 ! c\rse ( ea* day1 :5 ! wea!r 0 fav\rable = _! gett+ abroad4 ,_! combs 7 rapidly advanc$2 b to my great mortification !y v soon ob/ruct$ my view ( _! int]ior works1 by br++ a f9e comb q ov] ! only little w9d[ at ! back ( ! pavilion1 at ! di/ance ( ab\t half an in* f ! glass4 ,i 0 n1 h[ev]1 )\t ! means ( asc]ta9+ t !y 7 fill+ ! pavilion ) _! treasures1 & consequ5tly t !y w\ld soon be 9 want ( m room4 ,i1 !re=e1 at ! end ( a =tnight admitt$ !m into ! l>ge bell-glass by )draw+ ! slide1 :i*1 :5 clos$1 cuts (t' ! communication betwe5 ! pavilion & ! said glass4 ,!y 7! ,bees7 imm$iately reconnoitr$ x1 z x 71 & exam9$ x r\nd & r\nd1 & pres5tly took possession ( x 9 great numb]s2 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! second day aft]w>ds ,i c\ld p]ceive t !y began to cont9ue _! "w upw>ds f & ^u ! combs 9 ! box4 ,"h ,i 0 aga9 inexpressibly gratifi$ by daily obs]v+ ! progress ( _! beautiful "w1 & by ! busy ?\s&s 9 p]petual motion4 ,:5 !y _h ab\t half-fill$ ! glass1 & be=e ,i 0 aw>e t !re 0 any occasion = _! admission into ei!r ( ! collat]al-boxes1 !y sudd5ly ?rew (f a sw>m4 ,t ev5t ,i attribute p>tly to my own inexp]i5ce 9 api>ian matt]s1 & p>tly--pr9cipally to ! want ( a !rmomet] by :i* to asc]ta9 & regulate ! temp]ature ( ! cr[d$ pavilion1 s z to keep ! ,bees at ! work+1 & bel[ ! sw>m+ po9t ( heat4 ,mr4 ,nutt assures me t a b>n w\ld n conta9 a colony ( ,bees if its temp]ature 7 rais$ above a c]ta9 degree4 ,:at t precise degree ( heat is ,i leave to ,mr4 ,nutt to det]m9e & expla93 at pres5t x is en\gh to /ate t ,i am conv9c$ x is possible1 nay1 q easy1 to keep ,bees at "w1 & to prev5t _! sw>m+1 by giv+ !m pl5ty ( room1 & by prop] v5tilation4 ,aft] my ,bees _h ?r[n (f ! sw>m1 z above m5tion$1 ! "w 9 ! glass progress$ b sl[ly1 inde$ x 0 = "s "t almo/ des]t$1 ow+1 ,i presume1 to ! room made 9 ! pavilion by ! abs5ce ( ! ?\s&s t _h left x3 =1 :5ev] ! wea!r 0 su* t !y c\ld get abroad1 !y 7 always busy4 ,! season1 h[ev]1 x is well-kn[n1 0 s wet z to be v unfav\rable = ,bees3--! summ] ( #ahcj 0 n by any means :at is call$ a ,bee-ye>2 & e>ly 9 ! autumn ,i c\ld see t1 in/ead ( add+ to _! /ore1 !y 7 "u ! necessity ( liv+ ^u x4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 abundantly provid$ = ! w9t]1 & liv$ ?r\gh x almo/ to a ,bee4 ,9 ! spr+ ( ?is ye> 7#ahca7 !y appe>$ to be /rong & 9 excell5t condition4 ,z e>ly z ! middle ( ,may !y _h repl5i%$ ! empti$ combs 9 ! glass1 &1 x may be presum$1 9 ! pavilion too4 ,9 ! fir/ week ( ,june1 ! glass 0 completely fill$ 9 ! mo/ beautiful mann]4 ,i !re=e op5$ ! communication to "o ( ! end or collat]al-boxes1 & two or ?ree days aft]w>ds1 viz4 on ! #aj? ( ,june1 ,i took (f ! glass & replac$ x ) ano!r4 ,s rapidly did ^? indu/ri\s little insects proce$ ) _! "w1 t 9 ab\t six weeks !y completely fill$ ! end-box4 ,i !n op5$ ! way to ! empty box at ! o!r end ( ! pavilion3 & a few days aft]w>ds _h ! full box tak5 (f by ,mr4 ,nutt himself 7:o happ5$ to call ^u me1 & :o h&somely volunte]$ 8 s]vices on ! occasion71 )\t any /ifl+ ( any sort--)\t ! de/ruction1 or ! loss1 (--sc>cely a ,bee1--z ne>ly 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 y\r la/ ,no4 z circum/ances w\ld p]mit2 = ! ,que5-,bee be+ 9 ! box tak5 (f made x necess>y = ,mr4 ,nutt to v>y ! op]ation a little2--n a p]son 0 /ung1 ?\gh ladies1 v timid ladies1 & *ildr5 too1 7 among ! admir+ look]s on2 only1 9 return+ ! ,que5-,bee1 f\nd 9 ! box1 to ! pavilion1 ,i myself 0 /ung1 ow+ to my ov]-anxiety to see h[ %e w\ld be receiv$ by ! ,bees 9 ! pavilion4 ,h] maje/y's pres5ce 9 t box 7! box tak5 (f7 at t "t might probably h puzzl$ me2 b to ,mr4 ,nutt x pres5t$ no difficulty2 & to witness 8 op]ation 0 to me a mo/ in/ructive lesson1 & w\ld h delight$ any fri5d ( humanity4 ,x 0 p]=m$ 9 ! middle ( a f9e day4 ,t box conta9$1 z ne>ly z we c\ld e/imate1 ab\t #ce lbs4 ( honey1 incomp>ably pur] & f9] ?an any ,i ev] saw1 except f ,mr4 ,nutt's boxes4 ,! glass be=em5tion$ conta9$ #ab lbs4--s t ,i h ?is ye> tak5 =ty-sev5 p\nds ( ! v f9e/ honey f "o /ock ( ,bees2--,i h all my ,bees alive--& !y are at ?is "t abundantly provid$ = ! ensu+ w9t]2 nay1 )\t impov]i%+ !m1 ,i believe1 ,i might take #f or #h lbs4 m2 b ,i h already _h en\gh2 &1 if my ,bees h m ?an en\gh = _! w9t]'s consumption1 !y w n wa/e x2--x w be f\nd next ye>4 ,! pres]vation ( ! ,bees unhurt1 un9jur$1 v _m ( !m undi/urb$ at all1--! quantity ( honey t may be _h1--& ! v sup]ior quality ( t honey1 are advantages ( ,mr4 ,nutt's mode ( ,bee-managem5t1 ov] ! b>b>\s1 /ifl+ sy/em1 t _c fail to recomm5d x to ! adoption ( e fri5d ( humanity1--to e lov] ( ! delici\s sweet1--& to e api>ian :o has no?+ beyond self-int]e/ 9 view4 ,"o ^w m1 & ,i h done4 ,!re are1 ,i obs]ve ) pleasure1 p]sons ( consid]able influ5ce among y\r subscrib]s1 & probably !re may be p]sons ( /ill great] influ5ce among y\r read]s4 ,to su* ,i w\ld mo/ respectfully sugge/ ! propriety ( do+ some?+ to rew>d ,mr4 ,nutt = ! s]vices he has already r5d]$ ! ,honey-,bee & ! cause ( humanity4 ,i--an obscure1 c\ntry cl]gyman1 "k n h[ to set ab\t procur+ x2 b a premium 0 nev] m ri*ly des]v$4 ,?\gh long] ?an ,i int5d$1 :5 ,i sat d[n to write1 ,i hope y w f9d no difficulty 9 giv+ ! =ego+ communication a place 9 y\r pages2 &1 9 ?is hope1 ,i beg to subscribe myself1 ,y\r humble s]vant1 ,?omas ,cl>k4 ,g$ney-,hill1 ne> ,wisbe*1 ,octob] #bj?1 #ahca4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,on ,,driv+ ,,bees4 ,z my rev]5d correspond5t has introduc$ ! subject ( driv+ ,bees f _! full hive into an empty "o1 9 ord] t !y may be depriv$ ( _! honey & wax1 & has animadv]t$ ^u t practice ) "s sev]ity1 ,i w take ! opportunity ( "h /at+ my objections to x4 ,mr4 ,hui%1 9 8 treatise on ,bees1 has twice describ$ ! mann] 9 :i* driv+ a hive may be p]=m$2 b n[h]e1 t ,i c f9d1 has he once recomm5d$ x4 ,9 a note 79 page #bd7 he says---t by driv+ a hive may be und]/ood ! act ( oblig+ ! ,bees to leave _! own domicil1 & take refuge 9 ano!r4 ,?is is p]=m$ by plac+ ! full hive "u an empty "o1 7or he might h said1 by plac+ an empty hive ^u ! full "o inv]t$7 & by g5tly tapp+ ! l[] hive ! ,bees w asc5d into ! upp]1 & ! l[] "o !n rema9s vacant = exp]im5ts1 or ! purpose ( deprivation4 ,he aft]w>ds 79 page #beb7 gives a m detail$ acc\nt ( ! mann] ( p]=m+ ?is op]ation2 & hav+ done s1 he pres5tly obs]ves t by ! driv+ ( ! ,bees a numb] is unavoidably kill$4 ,i d n f9d t ,mr4 ,hui% himself practises x fur!r ?an = ! purpose ( mak+ exp]im5ts2 & t1 hav+ made ^? exp]im5ts1 he returns ! driv5 ,bees to _! hives & to _! treasures 9 !m4 ,9 %ort1 he describes x to 8 read]s because !y may wi% to be acqua9t$ ) x1 & n because he approves ( x4 ,i m5tion ?is because ,i consid] ,mr4 ,hui% to be respectable au?ority on su* a subject4 ,n[1 7 !re no?+ 9 a hive b ,bees & honey1 driv+ !m into an empty hive 77 x z easy 9 practice z x seems to be ^u pap]1 ?\gh ,i presume x is n7 9 ord] to rob !m ( _! all1 w\ld be a mo/ arbitr>y & unju/ me?od ( treat+ !m3 b1 besides ,bees & honey1 !re are o!r sub/ances 9 a prosp]\s hive :i* ought n to be di/urb$4 ,!re are ! future inhabitants ( ! colony 9 e /age ( exi/5ce1 f ! egg to ! p]fect ,bee1 & ^! 9 a driv5 hive are all totally de/roy$--eggs1 l>v1 nymphs1 9 "o ^w1 ! brood1 9 :atev] /ate1 is all de/roy$1 :5 ! ,bees are driv5 f x & n suff]$ to return4 ,& is x n an unnatural op]ation t ?us de/roys _m ?\s&s ( lives 9 embryo1 ov] & above ! numb] unavoidably kill$ !reby8 z pa9ful mu/ x be = ! ,que5--! "m ( ! colony1 & to all ! o!r ,bees1 to be =cibly expell$ f a hive & home ( pl5ty & prosp]ity1 z x is = an indu/ri\s man & 8 ?riv+ family to be rudely eject$ f a com=table h\se & home1 )\t ! lea/ notice (1 or prep>ation =1 s calamit\s an ev5t1 & =c$ by lawless m>aud]s to take %elt] 9 an empty h\se1 & left !re de/itute1 to subsi/ z be/ !y c1 or to />ve1 z probably !y may1 _! spirits be+ ca/ d[n by ! viol5t deprivations & desp]ate robb]y !y h exp]i5c$1 & x may be1 ! w9ds1 & ! wea!r1 & ! elem5ts ( heav51 are w>r+1 z x 71 aga9/ !m at ! same "t4 ,&1 comp>atively speak+1 is x n s ) driv5 ,bees8 ,!y are turn$ topsy-turvy1 & 9 t /range1 unnatural position _! fe>s are op]at$ ^u1 or excit$1 by unusual1 & to !m1 no d\bt1 t]rible s\nds made by ev5 g5tly tapp+ _! inv]t$-hive--_! h\se turn$ upside d[n4 ,?\gh no advocate = suffocat+ ,bees1 b ! contr>y--a decid$ oppon5t to x1 ,i agree 9 op9ion ) my correspond5t t suffocation at once is pref]able to ! v repreh5sible practice ( driv+ a hive1 inasmu* z an in/antane\s dea? is pref]able to a l+]+ & unnatural "o by />vation1 :i*1 :atev] may befal ! driv5 ,bees1 is ! h>d1 untimely fate ( ! brood & "y l>v ( a hive :5 ! ,que5 & common]s are driv5 f !m into a new & empty domicil4 ,!y leave1 because !y are =c$ to leave beh9d !m1 & to p]i%1 ?\s&s ( ! "y brood 9 a /ate ( helplessness4 ,_! "m & _! nurses are driv5 into bani%m5t & paup]ism1 :ile h] (fspr+ are doom$ to p]i% = ! want ( _! aid & support4 ,if driv+ be practis$ e>ly 9 ! season1 t is 9 ,june or ,july1 all ! brood !n 9 ! driv5 hive mu/ inevitably p]i%2 if lat]1 x is h>dly to be expect$ t ! surviv+ ,bees w or c prosp]4 ,c ! ,bee-ma/] = a mom5t ?9k t :5 ,bees are s driv5 f _! old hive1 !y w "w 9 _! new "o1 z if !y _h sw>m$ volunt>ily & !n be5 put into x3 x is "s consid]able "t be=e ,bees ?us treat$ w "w vigor\sly2 & dur+ t "t ( l+]+ & irresolution ! honey-season fa/ decl9es1--! ,bees' difficulties multiply1--& !y become paup]s at a "t !y %\ld be ri*4 ,n9e times out ( t5 ! hive s treat$ p]i%es by fam9e1 & l ! "y brood1 dies ! wor/ ( dea?s1--! :ole hive becomes a melan*oly wreck1 & is absolutely sacrific$ to ! mi/ak5 notions ( ! speculat+1 or exp]im5t-mak+ proprietor4 ,x is a practice ( :i* ,i disapprove altoge!r3 & ,i am surpris$ t any "o c\ld s f> misund]/& ! pr9ciples & nature ( my practice z to recomm5d ! driv+ ( ,bees out ( a full hive into an empty "o z an admirable addition to my ,bee-hive--t is--to my ,bee-boxes4 ,i h ! satisfaction1 h[ev]1 to /ate t 9 ! managem5t ( ,bees 9 my boxes no driv+ is necess>y1 nor ev5 possible3 by !m driv+ & suffocation are bo? sup]s$$1 & r5d]$ z useless to op]ators z !y h long be5 de/ructive to ,bees1--&1 ,i _c b say--disgraceful to api>ians4 ,:at ,i h already said 79 page #dh7 ,i w "h repeat ) z mu* emphasis z ,i am able1 because t passage compreh5ds ! v ess5ce ( my directions relative to ! managem5t ( ,bees 9 ! middle-box1--& because ^? directions are utt]ly incompatible ) driv+4 ,i say1 !n1 ,,di/urb ,,n ,,?is ,,hive--,,?is ,,pavilion ,,( ,,nature3 ,,weak5 ,,n ,,its ,,population2 ,,rut ,,support ,,its ,,influ5ce1 ,,& ,,ext5d ,,to ,,x ,,^? ,,accommodations ,,:i* ,,no ,,practice1 ,,except ,,my ,,own1 ,,has ,,yet ,,put ,,into ,,op]ation1 ,,or ,,made ,,any ,,adequate ,,provision ,,=4 ,?is humane practice p>takes n ( ! driv+1 nor ( ! fumigat+1 nor ( ! robb+ sy/em4 ,x is a lib]al pr9ciple ( ,bee-cultivation1 f\nd$ on humanity4 ,& x is by su* practice t we mu/ succe$1 if we hope to be b5efit$ 9 ! culture ( ,honey-,bees4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,inv]t$-,,hive4 ,_m useful discov]ies h be5 made by accid5t2--& to "s ( ! greate/ & gr&e/ ( ^? discov]ies ev5 philosoph]s & m5 ( sci5ce h be5 l$ by accid5ts app>5tly ! mo/ trifl+ & insignificant4 ,to ! playful tricks ( "s little *ildr5 t a/oni%+ & mo/ sci5tific in/rum5t--! telescope1 x is said1 owes its orig92 & x is said also t t great & good man--,sir ,isaac ,newton 0 l$ to inve/igate ! laws ( gravitation by accid5tally obs]v+ an apple topple to ! gr\nd f ! twig t _h borne x4 ,"o ( ! sweete/ ( our poets1 h[ev]1 in=ms u--t ,all ,nature is b ,art1 unkn[n to !e1 ,all ,*ance1 ,direction1 :i* ?\ can/ n see4 ,if1 !re=e1 a beautifully delicate honey-comb susp5d$ f ! /ool ( a hive fir/ l$ me to discov] ! utility ( v5tilation 9 a colony ( ,bees1 ?\gh !re may be no?+ v surpris+1 !re is1 ,i tru/1--nay1 ,i am conv9c$1 & !re=e ,i ass]t--!re is some?+ v useful 9 x3 & if an accid5t ( ano!r description induc$ me to endeav\r to turn x to advantage1 !re is no?+ to be greatly wond]$ at4 ,s1 h[ev]1 x happ5$2 & "h foll[s ! acc\nt ( x4 ,on ris+ e>ly "o morn+ 9 ,july #ahbg1 & walk+ into my api>y1 z my cu/om !n 01 & /ill is1 ,i discov]$ t "s malici\s wret* _h be5 !re be=e me1 & _h ov]turn$ a f9e colony ( ,bees4 ,! read] may judge h[ mu* my indignation 0 ar\s$ by t da/>dly act ( outrage aga9/ my un(f5d+ ,bees4 ,my feel+s ( vexation soon1 h[ev]1 subsid$ into ^? ( pity = my poor ,bees2 & =tunately = !m1 no less ?an = me1 _! ov]turn$ domicil1 :i* consi/$ ( a hive ek$ or enl>g$ by a squ>e box ^u :i* ,i _h plac$ x "s weeks previ\sly1 0 s %ad$ f or t[>ds ! ea/ by a ?ick f5ce1 t ! rays ( ! sun _h n rea*$ x2--?is comp\nd-hive1 & ! c\ntless ?\s&s t 7 clu/]+ ar\nd x1 7 pro/rate 9 ! %ade4 ,i view$ my di/ress$ ,bees = a consid]able "t1 & /udi$ & plann$ :at ,i might be/ d to relieve !m1 &1 if possibly ,i c\ld1 rescue !m f ! deplorable situation into :i* !y _h be5 ?r[n4 ,at l5g? ,i det]m9$ to rev]se ! :ole1 :i* ,i effect$ by fir/ c>efully draw+ ! box z closely z ,i 0 able to ! edge ( ! hive1 & !n plac+ ! hive ^u its cr[n1 s t1 9 fact1 ! :ole domicil 0 inv]t$4 ,i %ad$1 protect$1 %or$-up1 & support$ ! ,bees1 _! expos$ works1 & _! hive1 9 ! be/ way ,i c\ld1 & aft]w>ds reluctantly left !m = ! day1 be+ "u ! necessity ( go+ f home a di/ance ( almo/ tw5ty miles1 viz4 to ,wisbe*4 ,on my return 9 ! ev5+ ,i c\ld disc]n evid5t pro(s ( ! will+ness ( ! ,bees to repair ! sore injury !y _h su/a9$2 & on ! ?ird day aft]w>ds ,i 0 highly pleas$ to witness ! progress _! unit$ ef=ts _h made to rescue _! dilapidat$ habitation f ! ru9 t _h ?reat5$ x & !m too1 & :i*1 ,i confess1 ,i _h anticipat$4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly att5tive to _! movem5ts4 ,i assi/$ !m by e means ,i c\ld devise4 ,!y gradually surm\nt$ all ! difficulties to :i* !y _h be5 expos$4 ,9 %ort1 !y prosp]$2 & f t malici\s trick ( "s miscreant or o!r ,i fir/ caught ! idea ( an inv]t$-hive1 :i* ,i h s9ce /udi$ & greatly improv$4 ,e ,bee-ma/] w h _h opportunities ( obs]v+--t ?is curi\s1 ,i may say--intellig5t1 little insect--! ,bee1 is ev] alive to ! mo/ ready me?ods ( extricat+ itself f difficulties1 & ( bett]+ ! condition ( ! /ate1 :5ev] accid5t or mis=tune has plac$ x 9 jeop>dy3 &1 ,i w add--t ! timely assi/ance ( ! ,bee-ma/] w frequ5tly save a /ock f t ru91 or at lea/ f t tr\ble & inconv5i5ce1 :i* app>5tly trivial circum/ances1 su* = in/ance z uncleanl9ess1 excessive heat 9 summ]1 int5se sev]ity ( w9t]1 too contract$ an entrance at "o season1 a too ext5d$ & op5 "o at ano!r1 or wet lodg$ on & reta9$ by ! floor-bo>d1 may1 & v (t5 d occasion4 ,! subjo9$ cut is a repres5tation ( an ,,inv]t$-,,hive fix$ 9 its frame1 trellis$1 ro($1 completely fitt$ up1 & j z x appe>s :5 plac$ 9 an api>y & /ock$ ) ,bees4 ,illu/ration ,,explanation ,,( ,,an ,,inv]t$-,,hive4 ,a4 is a /\t octagon-box1 9 :i* is to be plac$ an inv]t$ cottage-hive conta9+ ! ,bees4 ,its diamet] )9 ! wood1 ,i mean its cle> diamet]1 is sev5te5 in*es1 & its dep?1 or r its height1 is fifte5 or sixte5 in*es1 or j suffici5t to rea* to1 & be level )1 ! edge ( ! inv]t$ cottage-hive1 :5 plac$ )9 x3 9 fact1 ! octagon-box 7,a47 is a /rong case or cov] = ! inv]t$-hive2 &1 if made an in* or two deep] ?an ! hive to be plac$ 9 x1 x is an easy matt] to pack ! bottom1 s t ! edge ( ! hive & ! top-edge ( ! octagon-box 7,a47 may be exactly on a level4 ,fitt$ & fa/5$ to ?is is a top or floor1 made ( ?ree-f\r?s-in* deal1 :i* top %\ld sit closely ^u ! edge ( ! hive all r\nd4 ,! c5tre ( ?is top is cut out circul>ly to )9 an in* & a half ( ! inn] circumf]5ce or edge ( ! hive ^u & ov] :i* x is plac$4 ,^u ?is floor is a box1 made ( in* or in*-&-qu>t] deal1 sev5te5 in*es squ>e )91 & f\r in*es deep4 ,?is ,i call ! v5tilation-box1 because ?r\gh two ( its opposite sides are introduc$ horizontally two cyl9d] v5tilat+-tubes1 made ( t91 ?ickly p]=at$1 & 9 all respects simil> to ^? describ$ 9 page #bj4 ,! top ( ?is box is ! floor ^u :i* n9e glasses are plac$ = ! reception ( honey1 namely--a l>ge bell-glass 9 ! c5tre1 & eight small] ones ar\nd x4 ,by a l>ge bell-glass ,i mean--"o capable ( conta9+ twelve or f\rte5 p\nds ( honey1 & by small] ones--su* z w hold ab\t f\r p\nds4 ,! ,bees ( an inv]t$-hive 9 a good situation w "w well 9 glasses ( ^! sizes1 & soon fill "s or all ( !m3 b1 if 9 an unfav\rable situation1 less] glasses1 d[n to "o-half ! abovem5tion$ sizes1 w be m suitable4 ,situation1 season1 & /r5g? ( ! /ock1--/r5g?1 ,i mean1 z respects ! numb] ( ,bees1 mu/1 aft] all1 guide ! api>ian 9 ?is matt]4 ,! floor abovem5tion$ %\ld be made ( ?ree-f\r?s-in* deal4 ,( c\rse prop] ap]tures mu/ be cut ?r\gh ?is floor "u ea* ( ! glasses to admit ! ,bees into !m f ! box b5ea?4 ,ar\nd & ov] ! glasses is plac$ ano!r neat box or case1 made l ! v5tilation-box1 ^u :i* x re/s or /&s4 ,! lid ( ?is box is made to op5 & %ut4 ,x is repres5t$ 9 ! =ego+ cut z op5$ at ,b4 an in* or two1 & may be s reta9$ at pleasure by a prop] weight atta*$ to a cord pass$ ov] a pulley fix$ 9 ! inside ( ! ro( 7,c47 & fa/5$ to ! edge ( ! lid above ,b4 ,! dep? ( ! box or cov] = ! glasses mu/ ( c\rse be regulat$ accord+ to _! diff]5t sizes4 ,! alight+-bo>d is on ! front-side1 directly opposite to ! lattic$ doors1 & on a level ) ! upp]-side ( ! fir/ floor2 s t ! entrance = ! ,bees mu/ be cut ?r\gh ! l[] edge ( ! v5tilation-box2 & is made !re mo/ conv5i5tly = !m to pass ei!r into ! inv]t$ pavilion bel[1 or into ! glasses above su* entrance1 z _! incl9ations may direct4 ,! octagon-cov] plac$ ^u ! pavilion-hive1 z repres5t$ 9 ! view ( ! clos$ boxes 79 page #bi7 if inv]t$1 w\ld be a tol]ably good model ( "p ,a4 ( ! inv]t$-hive4 ,i advise t e "p be well-made--! floors & ! boxes p>ticul>ly s2 & t ! :ole ext]ior be well pa9t$ too1 previ\sly to be+ expos$ to ! sun & to ! wea!r4 ,?is advice has ref]5ce to all my boxes & hives1 collat]al z well z inv]t$4 ,! /ock+ ( ?is hive may be effect$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,hav+ made *oice ( a good1 heal?y1 well-/ock$1 cottage-hive1 y may1 at any "t betwe5 ! beg9n+ ( ,m>* & ! end ( ,octob]1 c>efully inv]t & place x 9 ! octagon bel[ ! v5tilation-box1 t is1 9 ! ap>tm5t 7,a47 !n fa/5 ! floor ) f\r %ort screws to ! top ( ! octagon1 tak+ especial c>e t ?is floor sits ^u ! edge ( ! inv]t$-hive all r\nd4 ,x w be necess>y to keep ! ,bees f annoy+ y :il/ adju/+ ?is floor & ! o!r p>ts ( ! hive1 by putt+ a %eet ( t9 ov] ! op5 circul> space 9 ! floor2 by :i* t9 e ,bee may be kept 9 ! hive bel[4 ,:5 ! boxes1 v5tilators1 glasses1 & all ?+s1 are duly adju/$1 ! divid+-t9 may be )drawn2 & ! op]ation ( /ock+ w be !n complet$4 ,ano!r me?od ( accompli%+ ! same object1 i4 e4 ( /ock+ an inv]t$-hive1 is ?is3 ,take ! floor t is to re/ ^u1 & be fa/5$ to1 ! top ( ! octagon ,a4 & t is to re/ also ^u ! hive :5 inv]t$1 & ) a %eet ( t9 cov] & securely close ! circul> space made by cutt+ out its c5tre3 !n inv]t x1 t is--let ! t9n$ side be und]mo/1 & place ^u ?is floor1 ?us prep>$1 ! hive y int5d to be inv]t$4 ,return x to1 & suff] x to occupy1 its usual place 9 y\r api>y2 & !re = two or ?ree weeks let x "w 9 :i* "t ! ,bees w h fa/5$ ! hive to _! new bo>d ) propolis4 ,!n1 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 or late 9 ! ev5+1 :5 all ! ,bees are 9 ! hive1 make up ! entrance1 &1 hav+ two doors made 9 opposite panels or sides ( ! octagon 7,a47 t5 in*es by six1 or suffici5tly commodi\s = ! admission ( y\r h&s1 /eadily inv]t y\r hive & prep>$ bo>d ^u :i* x has be5 /&+1 &1 )\t sund]+ f ! hive ! bo>d t w n[ be at its top1 c>efully place !m 9 ! octagon2 :i*1 ) ! help ( an assi/ant1 & by ! facility af=d$ by ! two little doors 9 ! panels ( ! octagon = /ay+ & prop]ly support+ & adju/+ ! hive & its atta*$ floor1 may be p]=m$ )\t ! escape ( a s+le ,bee4 ,z soon z ?is1 :i* is prop]ly ! inv]sion ( ! hive1 is complet$1 proce$ ) ! v5tilation-box1 glasses1 c4 z be=e direct$2 &1 la/ly1 be c>eful to lib]ate ! ,bees by )draw+ ! t9 t has kept !m prison]s s9ce ! entrance 0 clos$4 ,9 inv]t+ a hive by ?is me?od an exp]t api>ian ne$ n conf9e ! ,bees five m9utes4 ,! ,bees w comm5ce _! lab\r by fill+ ! squ>e box betwe5 ! pavilion & ! glasses2 !y w !n ext5d _! beautiful combs into ! glasses above4 ,! appe>ance ( _! mo/ curi\s works 9 ?is /age ( _! lab\r is highly int]e/+--nay1 gratify+1 to ! api>ian obs]v]2 &1 moreov]1 proves ! extraord9>y influ5ce & utility ( v5tilation 9 ! domicil1 or1 r let me say1 9 ! /ore-h\se ap>tm5t ( ,bees2 = 9 ! pavilion1 or bre$+ & nurs+ ap>tm5t1 x is seldom want$4 ,! me?od ( tak+ (f ! glasses1 :e!r l>ge ones or small ones1 :5 /or$ ) honey1 is 9 e respect ! same z t ( :i* a p>ticul> acc\nt has be5 already giv51 79 pages #cg & #ch73 to t acc\nt1 !re=e1 ,i beg to ref] ! read]1 in/ead ( "h repeat+ x4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,obs]vatory-,,hive4 ,hav+ n[ giv5 su* a description & explanation ( my collat]al box-hives1 & ( my inv]t$-hive1 z w1 by ref]r+ to ! plates or cuts t accompany !m1 make bo? ( ^? hives1 & e ?+ p]ta9+ to !m1 to be cle>ly und]/ood2 ,i proce$ to expla91 9 ! next place1 my ,,obs]vatory-,,hive4 ,) ! help ( ! subjo9$ repres5tative figures or cuts1 ,i hope to succe$ 9 my endeav\r to make ! read] ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) e "p ( x1 novel1 ?\gh x be1 &1 z f> z ,i "k1 unlike any hive hi!rto inv5t$4 ,at fir/ sight x may probably appe> to be a piece ( complicate ma*9]y1 b ^u exam9ation x w be f\nd to be o!rwise--,i may say--simple & easy4 ,a little curiosity & a little pati5t att5tion are all ! requisites t ,i entreat my api>ian fri5ds to br+ ) !m to ! /udy+ ( ?is gr& hive4 ,i call x gr&1 n because x is my own inv5tion1 b because x is admirably adapt$ = advanc+1 & p]haps = p]fect+1 our k ( ! habits & economy ( ,honey-,bees4 ,) ! v>iation ( "o %ort ^w1 ! foll[+ passage f ,evans' delightful poem on ,bees is s applicable to my obs]vatory-hive t ,i am tempt$ to adopt x z a motto4 ,by ?is bless'd hive our ravi%'d eyes behold ,! s++ masons build _! ro(s ( gold2 ,& m+l+ multitudes p]plex ! view1 ,yet all 9 ord] apt _! tasks pursue2 ,/ill happi] !y1 ^: fav\r'd k5 ha? se5 ,pace sl[ & sil5t r\nd1 ! /ate's fair ,que54 ,illu/ration ,! obs]vatory-hive1 z "h exhibit$ 9 ,fig4 #a1 consi/s ( two ap>tm5ts--an upp] "o & a l[] "o4 ,! upp] "o1 7m>k$ a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 e47 is prop]ly ! obs]vatory-hive1 & may be call$ ! summ]-pavilion2 ! l[] "o1 7m>k$ g47 may be t]m$ ! w9t]-pavilion4 ,( ?is w9t]-pavilion b little ne$ be said1 except t x is an octagonal box1 9 size1 9 sub/ance1 & 9 e respect1 simil> to ! octagon-"p ( ! inv]t$-hive describ$ 9 ! la/ *apt]2 save only t its top mu/ n be cut away1 z is !re direct$ to be done4 ,at pres5t let u suppose ?is top to be a p]fect plane--an entire surface1 )\t any ap]ture ( any sort to =m a passage = ! ,bees f & ?r\gh x d[n into ! pavilion bel[2 f>!r let u suppose an alight+-bo>d ( ! usual size to be fix$ 9 front1 & on a level ) ?is floor or top2 !n ! qure w be--h[1 f ! same front-entrance1 ! ,bees are to h a passage bo? into ! obs]vatory-hive above1 & into ! w9t]-pavilion bel[8 ,! difficulty is--to get a conv5i5t passage into ! summ]-pavilion1 because ! :ole ( t pavilion is made to turn r\nd on ! %\ld] ( an upright %aft1 ?r\gh :i* %aft ! passage = ! ,bees mu/ ( necessity be made1 & :i* does n admit ( a bore ( above an in* 9 diamet]4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ?is n>r[1 p]p5dicul> passage is ( no great l5g?1 7x ne$ n be m ?an ?ree in*es7 _m ?\s&s ( ,bees w1 9 ! c\rse ( a few m9utes1 if necess>y1 make _! egress & regress ?r\gh x )\t incommod+ "o ano!r4 ,t ?is r intricate "p--! con/ruction ( ?is passage-"w--may be fully compreh5d$1 ,i w endeav\r to illu/rate x by ref]5ces to a well-kn[n article1 n[ /&+ on ! table1 on :i* ,i am writ+4 ,x is a telescopic c&le/ick1 ! p$e/al ( :i* cov]s a squ>e space ^u my table1 ea* side ( :i* sup]ficial squ>e is ?ree in*es4 ,n[ suppose ?is c&le/ick 0 screw$ or glu$ to ! c5tre ( ! pla91 tabul> top ( ! octagon 7g47 hav+ "o ( its sides p>allel to t side ( ! floor to :i* ! alight+-bo>d is atta*$4 ,next1 suppose t side ( ! c&le/ick to be cut away s z to =m an entrance into ! int]ior ( ! p$e/al1 two in*es 9 front & half an in* 9 height2 & let !re be a cov]$-way ( ?is height1 f ! op5$ side ( ! p$e/al to ! front-entrance ( ! hive3 !n1 if ! front-entrance be six in*es wide1 ! ,bees on com+ 9 w ent] ?is cov]$-way1 :i* f six in*es n>r[s to ?ree at ! "p :]e !y ent] ! p$e/al1 & beg9 to asc5d ! p]p5dicul> passage :i* leads ?r\gh x & ?r\gh ! upright %aft ( ! c&le/ick into !--at pres5t--suppos$ ap>tm5t above4 ,! top-"p ( a telescopic c&le/ick may be turn$ r\nd at pleasure2 consequ5tly1 if ! p$e/al be fix$ & made immoveable1 ! top1 & :atev] may be ^u t top & fa/5$ to x1 may be mov$ r\nd not)/&+3 ?is is :at we p>ticul>ly want 9 ! con/ruction ( an obs]vatory-hive1 & mu/1 !re=e1 be p>ticul>ly att5d$ to4 ,a piece ( clean1 close-gra9$ wood--bee*1 eld]1 mahogany1 or any o!r firm wood--made mu* 9 ! %ape ( our telescopic c&le/ick1 b ( n m ?an two in*es & a half 9 height1 ) a bore ?r\gh x ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & turn$1 t is1 wr\ght 9 a la!1 s t an in* ( ! top-"p may ent] into1 & neatly fit1 ! cap fix$ r\nd ! in* bore at ! c5tre ( ! bottom-frame ( ! upp] pavilion 7,fig #b71 & :i* cap is repres5t$ by ! moveable top ( ! c&le/ick1 is1 z well z ,i c describe x1 ! p$e/al to support ! obs]vatory-hive1--is1 ) ! cap j m5tion$1 ! comp\nd1 or d\ble-h+e ^u :i* t hive is turn$ r\nd1--& is also ! ,bee-way into t hive4 ,! way into ! w9t]-pavilion1 or octagon 7g47 is made by cutt+ a circul> hole ?r\gh ! v c5tre ( ! plane top1 an in* 9 diamet]1 directly "u ! upw>d passage2 s t ! ,bees1 :e!r _! way be into ! summ]-pavilion above1 or into ! w9t]-pavilion bel[1 lies ?r\gh ! p$e/al1 & ! only diff]5ce is1 t "o passage leads upw>ds & ! o!r d[nw>ds4 ,! cov]$-way :i* has be5 s (t5 m5tion$1 may easily be made by tak+ out ( ! "u-side ( ! bottom-bo>d ( ! panel$ & ro($ box1 made to secure ! obs]vatory-hive1 & :i* is plac$ ^u ! top ( ! w9t]-pavilion1 j z mu* z w all[ a suffici5t space = t way4 ,hav+ complet$ ! passages1 my next bus9ess is--to describe ! novel ap>tm5t into :i* ! passage ?r\gh ! p$e/al leads--t is1 ! real obs]vatory-hive4 ,figure #b %[s ! upp] glass-frame ( ?is hive ) two small circul> op5+s ?r\gh ! top ( ea* arm1 ov] :i* op5+s are plac$ small glasses1 7at e4 e47 9 bo? ,figures1 = receptacles = honey1 & are int5d$ to answ] ! same purpose z ^? d :i* are plac$ ^u ! inv]t$-hive4 ,a l9e drawn f "o extremity ( any "o ( ^! arms or w+s1 to ! extremity ( ! arm or w+ directly opposite to x1 is tw5ty-?ree in*es2 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! dott$ l9es1 :i* are int5d$ to m>k ! glass-way1 or1 9 jo9]s' phrase1 ! rebate to receive ! edges ( ! glass1 is exactly "o in* & ?ree-f\r?s4 ,! l[] glass-frame1 :i* 79 ,fig4 #a7 is plac$ ^u f4 ! %aft ( ! p$e/al already describ$1 is ! exact c\nt]p>t ( ! upp] frame1 ) ! exception ( its n hav+ any p]=ations = honey-glasses3 ! only p]=ation 9 ?is frame is t at its c5tre2 :i* mu/ be made to correspond ) t ( ! %aft1 & be a cont9uation ( ! ,bee-passage into ! hive4 ,^! two frames are connect$ & made "o by f\r upright pieces1 or ends1 7m>k$ a4 b4 c4 d4 9 ,fig4 #a17 ^! upright1 end-pieces mu/ be rebat$1 or *annel$1 to receive ! ends ( ! glass-plates4 ,eight squ>es ( glass1 ea* t5 in*es & a half by t5 in*es1 fa/5$ ) putty into ?is frame-"w1--t is1 two squ>es into ea* w+1 w complete ! glass-hive2 :i*1 :5 plac$ ^u ! top ( ! p$e/al1 & made /eady by an axis fix$ at ! c5tral po9t ( ! upp] frame1 & turn+ 9 a socket "u ! ball1 con/itutes an obs]vatory-hive4 ,conf9$ z is ! space betwe5 ! glass-plates 9 ea* w+1 !y be+ b an in* & ?ree-f\r?s ap>t1 !re is1 nev]!less1 room en\gh = ! con/ruction ( "o comb2 & space = m ?an "o comb w\ld spoil x z an obs]vatory-hive3 &1 ?\gh ea* w+ may appe> to be b small1 !re are upw>ds ( #gfj cubic in*es ( cle> space 9 ! hive4 ,x is s con/ruct$ t pl5ty ( light & ! utmo/ transp>5cy are af=d$ = obs]v+ & m9utely exam9+ ! ,bees & ! works ( ! ,bees 9 all _! /ages4 ,inde$ ! gr& object ( ?is contrivance is--to expose to view ! lab\rs ( ! ,bees 9 ! inside ( _! hive2 & z ! ma*9e may be mov$ r\nd at pleasure1 n a ,bee c ent] x1 )\t be+ obs]v$1 nor c a s+le cell be con/ruct$ 9 secret4 ,i w only add--t ! appe>ance ( ! ,bees 9 ?is hive is beautiful1 & excites admiration & surprise1--nay1 is capable ( enliv5+ ! droop+ spirits ( ! mo/ despond+ api>ian2 = :o c view ! ,que5 ( ! hive con/antly lay+ h] eggs1 &1 by s do+1 con/antly propagat+ h] species1 & h] ?\s&s ( loyal subjects1 ^: indefatigable lab\r 9 all its p>ts is s conspicu\s1 )\t exp]i5c+ s5sations ( ! pure/ pleasure1--nay1 m ( gratitude to ,god = 8 goodness to man6 ,x has be5 sugge/$ to me by "s +5i\s fri5ds--t a c\ple ( magnify+ glasses set 9 ! doors1 & "s me*anical contrivance to op5 a "p ( ! ro( by simply pull+ a cord1 & to ?r[ a prop] light ^u ! f\r w+s ( ! hive1 w\ld be a great improvem5t2 because1 by ^! means1 or by "s su* means z ^!1 ! op5+ & %utt+ ( ! doors w\ld be r5d]$ unnecess>y1--&1 because ! ,bees & _! curi\s works w\ld be m int]e/+ by be+ view$ ?r\gh magnify+ glasses1--& because ! ext]ior appe>ance ( ! :ole conc]n w\ld be m h&some4 ,)\t ! slighte/ hesitation ,i admit--t1 to ^? p]sons to :om exp5se is no object1 ! mode ( exam9+ ! obs]vatory-hive w\ld be improv$ by "s su* arrangem5ts z ^? j m5tion$2 b ! hive itself w\ld n be improv$ 9 ! lea/1--x w\ld rema9 j z x 0 be=e ^! co/ly additions1 :e!r ornam5tal1 or useful1 or bo?1 7 made to its cov]+ only--n to ! hive4 ,! foll[+ cut w1 9 "s degree1 repres5t & tacitly expla9 an obs]vatory-hive1 fitt$ up 9 ?is way4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,mode ,,( ,,/ock+ ,,an ,,obs]vatory-,,hive4 ,?is op]ation may be p]=m$ 9 v>i\s ways1 & almo/ at any "t dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 by an exp]i5c$ api>ian4 ,i w cont5t myself ) describ+ h[ x may be done mo/ easily1 if n mo/ sci5tifically1 by any p]son possess$ ( c\rage en\gh to op]ate at all among ,bees4 ,x is z foll[s3 ,:5 y\r ,bees sw>m f a cottage-hive1 take x 7! sw>m7 into a common hive 9 ! usual way #g place x 9 a cool1 %ad$ situation1 & let x rema9 !re until ! ev5+2 & ev5 !n attempt no fur!r op]ation1 unless ! ,bees be all settl$ & q /ill4 ,:5 !y are all )9 _! hive1 peaceable1 & retir$1 z x 71 = ! night1 y may sudd5ly /rike !m f _! hive ^u a clean1 :ite %eet1 spread ov] a table prep>$ & ready = ! purpose1 & )9 ! space occupi$1 or r--enclos$1 by f\r bricks plac$ edgewise4 ,^u ^! bricks place y\r glass-hive z exp$iti\sly z possible ) its entrance j ov] ! ,bees4 ,!n envelope y\r hive ) a clo? s z to d>k5 its int]ior1 &1 la/ly1 ?r[ ! corn]s ( ! %eet ov] ! :ole4 ,?is done1 ! ,bees w pres5tly asc5d into ! w+s ( ! hive4 ,:5 !y are all safely lodg$ 9 x1 y may c>efully remove ! %eet & ! o!r cov]+s2 &1 hav+ securely made up ! entrance into ! w9t]-pavilion1 !n place ! /ock$ hive ^u its p$e/al1 & ! ,bees w be ready to comm5ce _! lab\r ! next day4 ,at ! latt] end ( ,augu/ inv]t ! p>5t-hive f :i* ! sw>m issu$1 & place x 9 ! octagon-box 7g47 bel[ ! summ]-pavilion4 ,take out ! plug t is betwe5 ! two hives1 t is--op5 ! passage into ! w9t]-hive1 & y w h accompli%$ ! union ( ! two families3 !y w jo9 or unite1 & !nce=w>d cont9ue to lab\r z "o family4 ,by ?is movem5t y give to y\r ,bees a w9t]-resid5ce1 secure f all enemies1 :i* are num]\s at ?is season4 ,& s well-/ock$ w ! w9t]-hive be1 t an e>ly sw>m f x1 = ! obs]vatory-hive1 ! foll[+ season may reasonably be expect$4 ,! honey may be tak5 f ! e4 e4 glasses1 plac$ ^u ! arms ( ! summ]-pavilion s easily1 by turn+ r\nd ! loose bo>ds "u ! glasses1 t fur!r explanation is unnecess>y4 ,! ma*9e itself w po9t out to ! p]fect /rang] ! prop] me?od ( do+ x4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,fumigation4 ,fumigation is a r port5t\s ^w2 b1 z soon z ,i %all h expla9$ = :at purposes1 & 9 :at mann]1 ,i occasionally make use ( x1 x w be totally dive/$ ( all deadly signification4 ,9 my practice x is n a ,bee-de/roy]1 b a ,bee-pres]v]2--:5 resort$ to by me x is nev] c>ri$1 nor int5d$ to be c>ri$1 to suffocation3 b1 9 ! op]ation ( unit+ weak sw>ms or poor /ocks ) m weal?y & prosp]\s ones--:i* ,i consid] to be a m]itori\s & mo/ humane practice1--:5 x is necess>y to exam9e ! /ate & condition ( ev5 a popul\s colony1 %\ld unfav\rable symptoms z to its heal?9ess or its prosp]ity manife/ !mselves1--:5 x is kn[n1 or b suspect$1 t !re are wax-mo?s1 mice1 spid]s1 or o!r ,bee-enemies lodg$ 9 a hive1 :i* ! ,bees ( !mselves _c dislodge nor get rid (2 & :i*1 if n got rid ( by man's assi/ance1 w\ld soon de/roy almo/ any colony1--:5 ,bees & _! works 7= ,i nev] transf] ! =m] )\t transf]r+ an ample suffici5cy ( ! latt] at ! same "t7 are to be tak5 out ( a decay$ /raw-hive1 9 ord] to be put into a m sub/antial "o1 or into collat]al-boxes1 :i* ,i hold to be ! be/ ( all hives1--& on innum]able o!r occasions1 x is absolutely necess>y to subdue ,bees s f> z to r5d] !m incapable ( us+ t =midable1 v5om\s1 little weapon1 ) :i* ,provid5ce has arm$ !m1 & :i* g5]ally dread$ little weapon !y c use s dext]\sly1 be=e we c op]ate ^u !m = _! own good4 ,by means ( a v simple app>atus1 :i* may be call$ a fumigator1 & :i* is a contrivance z novel & z useful 9 ! managem5t ( ,bees1 z any ( my hives or o!r inv5tions1 ,bees may be totally subdu$ )\t be+ injur$ 9 ! slighte/ degree1 & dealt ) z if !y _h nei!r /+s nor w+s4 ,i beg1 h[ev]1 to re-/ate di/9ctly--t1 9 tak+ (f a box or a glass ( honey1 no fumigation :atev] is necess>y1 or ev] practis$ by me4 ,x is only 9 cases su* z ^? j enum]at$ t ,i h rec\rse to x2 b 9 no case = ! de/ruction ( ,bees4 ,fumigation1 !re=e1 9 my practice1 is n suffocation4 ,! foll[+ figure is a repres5tation ( a fumigator1 :i* a brief explanation w r5d] intelligible4 ,illu/ration ,?is useful article consi/s ( a squ>e top-bo>d ^u :i* is plac$ a /raw-hive 7,e47 s z to %[ an op51 circul> space "u ! hive & ?r\gh ! squ>e bo>d into ! bag bel[4 ,i ne$ h>dly obs]ve--t ! /raw-hive is no "p ( ! fumigator1 b is "h repres5t$ z /&+ ^u x 9 ord] to exemplify its use4 ,! top-bo>d is ( in*-deal1 & is n9ete5 or tw5ty in*es squ>e4 ,a r\nd piece is cut out ( its c5tre ( n m ?an ?irte5 in*es 9 diamet]--t be+ some?+ ne> to1 or p]haps r m ?an1 ! inside diamet] ( a common hive--s t a hive w /& ^u ! wood5 circumf]5ce ( ! "p left1 )\t !re be+ any l$ge inside1 t is--any "p s enclos$ by ! hive z to cat* & deta9 ! fall+ ,bees4 ,f ! upp]-edge ( ?is circle is susp5d$ a bag1 a y>d 9 l5g?1 made ( glaz$ calico1 ! bottom-"p ( :i* draws r\nd ! rim ( a %all[1 funnel-%ap$1 t9 ,bee-receiv]1 :i* ,bee-receiv] is ab\t t5 in*es across at ! top1 & its l[] "p1 or neck 7,d4 or ,f47 is ?ree in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 & its ?roat 7if ,i may s t]m x7 is ne>ly ?ree in*es 9 wid?4 ,to fit ?is neck1 :i* is ?ickly p]=at$ = ! purpose ( admitt+ fre% air1 :5 fre% air may be requir$1 is a close lid1 j l t ( a common1 t9 cani/]1 to hold up ! fumigat$ ,bees1 & also to /op ! v5tilation :5 n want$4 ,c4 is ! fumigat+-lamp ) a p]=at$ top ?r\gh :i* ! fume asc5ds1 & is made conical1 s t a fumigat$ ,bee 9 its fall _c re/ ^u x & be !reby scor*$ or injur$1 z w\ld inevitably be ! case 7 ?is top flat4 ,! tie 7,b47 closes ! bag & keeps e ,bee above until ! lamp & e ?+ bel[ be adju/$1 & x is !n to be unti$4 ,! fumigator is "h repres5t$ z /&+ ^u ?ree legs made fa/ to ! top-bo>d by small bolts1 z at ,a42 b x is q z conv5i5t 9 practice1 & m portable1 if1 in/ead ( ^! legs1 x be made l a common scale ) a cord f ea* corn]1 :i* may be ga!r$ into a small iron-hook1 & !reby susp5d$ f ! bran* ( a tree1 or f any o!r conv5i5t place1 :5 us$4 ,! l[] "p ( ! bag is repres5t$ z be+ transp>5t1 b t is done purposely to %[ h[ ! lamp is plac$ inside :5 prep>$ = op]ation4 ,by p]sons inexp]i5c$ 9 su* matt]s x may be ?\ght to be an extraord9>y feat to unite ! ,bees ( "o hive ) ^? ( ano!r---to b9d1 z x 71 ! legs & w+s1 & pro tempore1 to r5d] useless ! /+ ( e individual ,bee1 until su* union be effect$4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 is m easy2 nor is any "p ( api>ian practice att5d$ ) m pleas+ consequ5ces to ! op]ator1 or ) m important & b5eficial ones to ! ,bees !mselves4 ,:5 9 a /ate ( tempor>y intoxication f ! fume made to asc5d ?r\gh ! p]=at$ t9 7,c47 into _! hive1 ^! beautiful insects are p]fectly manageable1--p]fectly h>mless4 ,?is intoxicat+ fume is caus$ by introduc+ into ! fumigat+-lamp a piece ( ignit$ vegetable sub/ance1 call$ puck1 puckball1 or frog-*eese1 or1 mo/ commonly1 fuzzball4 ,x is a species ( fungus1 or mu%room1 & is pl5tiful en\gh 9 ! autumn 9 rank pa/ures & 9 ri* edi%es4 ,%eph]ds1 milk-maids1 or c\ntry-s*ool boys are well acqua9t$ ) !m1--"k v well :]e to f9d !m1--& = a m]e trifle w easily pick up z _m ( !m z w supply ! dem&s ( tw5ty api>ians4 ,!y are frequ5tly z l>ge z a man's head1 or l>g]4 ,9 #ahbf ,i _h an unripe1 :ite puckball1 :i* weigh$ t5 p\nds4 ,:5 ripe !y are int]nally ( a br[n col\r1 & turn+ spongy & p[d]y become exce$+ly light1 & are !n prop]ly fuzzballs4 ,= ! sub/ance ( ! foll[+ directions respect+ ! prep>ation ( fuzzballs = ,bee-fumigation1 & = its application to t occasionally necess>y purpose1 ,i h no hesitation 9 ackn[l$g+ myself to be indebt$ to ,?orley's treatise on ,bees--no mean au?ority on su* a subject4 ,:5 y h procur$ "o ( ^! pucks1 put x into a l>ge piece ( /\t pap]1--press x d[n !re9 to two-?irds1 or1 if y c1 to "o-half1 ( its orig9al size1 & !n tie x up closely1--&1 la/ly1 put x into an ov5 sometime aft] ! h\sehold bread has be5 drawn1 t is1 :5 ! ov5 is ne>ly cool1 & let x rema9 !re all night1 or1 until x w hold fire & smo!r away l t\*-wood1 i4 e4 burn )\t k9dl+ into flame4 ,9 ?is /ate x is fit = ! fumigat+-lamp1 & may be us$ 9 ! mann] foll[+1 :5 ! union ( two /ocks is ! api>ian's object4 ,take a piece ( ?is prep>$ fungus1 z l>ge z a h5's egg1 7x is bett] to h too mu* ( x ?an too little to beg9 )7 ignite "o end ( x ) a c&le1 & !n put x into ! fumigat+-lamp1--next fix ! lamp 9 its socket ov] ! ,bee-receiv]1 & place ! :ole inside ! bag1 z %[n 9 ! plate1 & untie ,b--! fa/5+ r\nd ! middle4 ,9 a v %ort space ( "t ! ,bees 9 ! hive plac$ ^u ! top-bo>d 7:i* is necess>ily ! fir/ ?+ to be att5d$ to 9 e op]ation ( ?is k9d7 w be totally "u y\r control4 ,! op]ator %\ld be p>ticul>ly c>eful to close e vacancy1 h[ev] small1 t !re may happ5 to be betwe5 ! top-bo>d & ! edge ( ! hive1 by ty+ a clo? r\nd x--! hive--z soon z ev] x is plac$ ^u ! bo>d4 ,?is precaution w prev5t ! escape ( any ( ! fume1 & w also prev5t ! ,bees f annoy+ ! op]ator dur+ ! "t he is mak+ ! arrangem5ts necess>y previ\sly to e fumigat+ process4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a m9ute or v little m y w he> ! ,bees dropp+ l hail into _! receiv]1 at ! bottom ( ! fumigat+ app>atus4 ,:5 ! major "p ( !m are d[n1 & y he> b few fall1 g5tly beat ! top ( ! hive ) y\r h&s1 9 ord] to get z _m d[n z y c4 ,!n1 hav+ loos5$ ! clo?1 lift ! hive (f & set x ^u a table1 or ^u a broad bo>d1 prep>$ = ! purpose1 & knock+ ! hive aga9/ x sev]al times1 _m m ,bees w fall d[n1 & p]haps ! ,que5 among/ ! re/2 =1 z %e g5]ally lodges ne> ! cr[n ( ! hive1 or is driv5 ?i!r by ! fume1 & surr\nd$ & protect$ !re by ! o!r ,bees to ! v la/1 & z long ev] !y h ! p[] loyally to cl+ r\nd h]1 %e (t5 falls "o ( ! la/4 ,if ! ,que5 is n among ! ,bees on ! table1 se>* = h] among ! ma9 body 9 ! ,bee-receiv]2 fir/1 h[ev]1 putt+ !m ^u ! table1 if y discov] h] n be=e ly+ among ! upp]mo/ ,bees !re94 ,dur+ ?is se>* = ! ,que51 or ) z little delay z possible1 y1 or "s "o = y1 %\ld be proce$+ 9 a simil> mann] ) ! ,bees 9 ! o!r hive1 ) :i* ^? already fumigat$ are to be unit$4 ,z soon z ! ,bees ( ! hive la/ fumigat$ are all compos$ & quiet1 & y h f\nd & secur$ "o ( ! ,que5s1 y may put ! ,bees ( bo? hives toge!r into an empty "o1 = ! purpose ( m+l+ !m ?or\ghly toge!r1 & ( spr9kl+ !m at ! same "t ) a little ale & sug>2 ?is done1 put !m & "o only ( ! two ,que5s among ! combs ( ! hive y int5d !m to inhabit1 & g5tly %ake !m d[n into x4 ,:5 y h ?us got all ! ,bees ( y\r two hives into "o1 cov] x ) a clo? & closely b9d ! corn]s ( t clo? ab\t x1 & let !m /& dur+ t night & ! next day1 %ut or clos$ up 9 ?is mann]1 s t a ,bee may n get out2 b n s close z to smo!r !m = want ( air4 ,9 ! ev5+ ( ! foll[+ day1 hav+ previ\sly remov$ ! hive1 conta9+ y\r unit$-/ock1 to its prop] /&1 viz4 t :i* x _h occupi$ be=e ! op]ation1 loose ! corn]s ( ! clo? & remove x f ! m\? ( ! hive1 & ! ,bees w1 ) a great noise1 imm$iately sally =?2 b be+ too late to take w+1 !y w pres5tly g 9 aga92 & rema9 satisfi$ 9 & ) _! new abode--new at lea/1 to "o-half ( !m1 & new to ! o!r half also :5 transf]r$ into a fre% hive1 or into boxes4 ,b 9 tak+ away ! clo? discretion & caution mu/ be us$1 because ! ,bees w = "s "t res5t ! affront put ^u !m by su* to !m1 no d\bt1 (f5sive treatm5t4 ,! be/ "t ( ! ye> = unions ( weak /ocks ) /rong ones is 9 autumn1 aft] ! "y brood are all out--9 ! latt] "p ( ,augu/1 or any "t dur+ ,septemb]3 b = removals ( /ocks f /raw-hives into boxes1 ! be/ "t is e>ly 9 ! spr+ be=e ! eggs ( ! ,que5 h *ang$ & quick5$ into l>v1--,i w say--9 ! mon? ( ,m>*2 & if ! wea!r is cold1 x is advisable to p]=m ! op]ation 9 a room :]e ! temp]ature is ab\t #fj degrees4 ,= if ,bees are displac$1 t is--tak5 f _! hive1 9 a cold atmosph]e1 x is b r>ely t !y recov] f ! effects ( ! fume s z to m>%al !mselves into work+ ord] 9 a box or new hive4 ,b ?is !y c d1 & w d mo/ effectually1 "u ?is agreeable temp]ature4 ,z twelve h\rs are suffici5t = ! ,bees to rega9 _! =m] indep5d5cy 9 _! new domicil1 y may place !m at ! end ( t p]iod on _! summ] /ool1 & !y w "w1 z soon z ! wea!r w p]mit !m1 z if !y _h nev] be5 remov$ f _! =m] hive1 nor 9 any way di/urb$4 ,! great numb] ( op]ations ( ?is k9d1 :i* ,i h p]=m$ be=e hundr$s ( admir+ & gratifi$ spectators1 *iefly ( ! high] ranks ( society1 r5d]s x almo/ unnecess>y = me to obs]ve--t once be+ pres5t at & witness+ x1 w convey a m p]fect idea ( ! :ole p]=mance ?an any writt5 description ( x c give4 ,if1 h[ev]1 any g5tleman1 or o!r api>ian fri5d1 :o has n yet se5 ! p]=mance ( ?is op]ation1 %\ld be desir\s ( witness+ x1 ! au?or w freely und]take t1 or any o!r ,bee-s]vice 9 8 p[]1 by :i* he c oblige1 assi/1 or in/ruct him4 ,! same degree ( precaution is n necess>y on ! remov+ ( ! ,bees ( a cottage-hive on my pr9ciple2 x is only requisite 9 ! p>ticul> case ( jo9+ or unit+ two or m hives toge!r1 t su* nice managem5t ne$ be obs]v$4 ,& c]ta9ly ! m exp$iti\sly ! :ole is p]=m$1 ! m pleas+ w be ! result ( ! op]ation1 & ! m c]ta9 ( success4 ,i w conclude ?is subject ) an anecdote3--,9 ! ye> #ahbh1 ,i 0 engag$ by ! ,hon\rable ,lady ,gif=d1 ( ,roehampton1 to unite ! ,bees ( two hives2 & z ! op]ation 0 novel to ! spectators1 :o on t occasion consi/$ pr9cipally ( ! bran*es ( t wor?y family1--:5 ,i _h drawn ! ,bees f ! cottage-hive & !y 7 all spread on a :ite clo?1 & e eye 0 anxi\sly int5t ^u discov]+ ! ,que5-,bee1 !re 0 "s tr\ble 9 f9d+ t p>ticul> ,bee2 ev5 ,i myself--an old practition]--_h ov]look$ h]2 & hav+ occasion to leave ! table & my fumigat$ ,bees surr\nd$ by my "y ,"l & ,lady ,gif=d1 & by ! re/ ( h] ,lady%ip's family1 h] infant son1 9 ! arms ( 8 nurse1 eag]ly call$ out--,mamma1 mamma1 :at is t8 ,he>+ ! *ild's animat$ expression1 ,i return$ to ! table1 & in/antly beheld & caught ! ,que5 ( ! ,bees1--& h] actually po9t$ out by an infant n ?ree ye>s ( age4 ,is !re any excuse !n = n kn[+ ! ,que5-,bee8 ,&1 z a true description ( ?is ,bee & ( ! (fice %e fulfils 9 ! hive1 w be giv5 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w1 accompani$ ) a plate ( h] & also ( ! o!r ,bees1 ,i tru/ my ,bee-fri5ds w n h]eaft] all[ a *ild ( only ?ree ye>s ( age 7al?\gh t *ild 0 ! son ( a late ,attorney-,g5]al17 to excel !m 9 ?is p>ticul> po9t ( api>ian k1 :i* is n only highly int]e/+1 b v useful to ! op]ator1 :5 unit+ /ocks1 or transf]r+ ,bees f "o domicil to ano!r4 ,nev] %all ,i =get ! look ( satisfaction t beam$ on ! c\nt5ance ( ! affectionate "m4 ,to see ea* ( h] eight amiable *ildr5 ar\nd ! table ) h] ,lady%ip1 m9utely se>*+ e little clu/] ( ,bees1 9 ord] to give ! fir/ in=mation ( ! ,que51 0 a lovely sight2 b to he> h] infant son proclaim1 z x 71 ! ,que5 ( ! ,bees1 by po9t+ 8 little1 delicate f+] to ! object ( 8 curiosity1 & exclaim--,mamma1 mamma1 :at is t8 0 mo/ gratify+ ev5 to me4 ,well might ! little naturali/ inquire--:at is t8 :5 he 0 9 ! pres5ce ( royalty1 & po9t+ to "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y mon>*s 9 ! _w1 :ile ,i myself--an old practition]1 _h n previ\sly obs]v$ h]4 ,be x s1 ,i ackn[l$ge my ov]sight 9 ?is in/ance1 & feel x incumb5t on me to give ! m]it ( ! discov]y to him1 to :om on t occasion x 0 s ju/ly due4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,objections ,,aga9/ ,,pil+ ,,boxes4 ,hav+ gone ?r\gh ! explanation ( my diff]5t hives1 & ( all my ,bee-ma*9]y1 ,i w1 previ\sly to ent]+ ^u o!r matt]s1 "h /ate my objections to ! pil+ ( ,bee-boxes "o ^u ano!r1 :i* is sometimes1 & n improp]ly1 call$--/orify+4 ,x is also t]m$ sup]-hiv+1 nadir-hiv+1 or c5tre-hiv+1 accord+ to ! place occupi$ by ! add$ box3 if an empty box be plac$ ^u a /ock$ "o1 x is sup]-hiv+2--if put "u su* box1 x is nadir-hiv+2--& if introduc$ betwe5 two boxes1 x is c5tre-hiv+4 ,b ) :atev] t]m dignifi$--n to say--my/ifi$1 x am\nts to1 & 9 effect is--/orify+4 ,f an old book 9 my possession ,i f9d--t 9 #afge a pat5t 0 grant$ to ,john ,g$de1 to secure to him = a t]m ( f\rte5 ye>s ! advantages ( 8 inv5tion ( boxes = /orify+2 s t x is at lea/ ( a hundr$ & sixty ye>s' /&+4 ,aft] ,g$de x 0 successively adopt$ & enc\rag$ by ,rusd51 ,w>d]1 & ,?orley1 & has be5 ! fa%ionable or fancy practice d[n to ! pres5t day2 = x is a mode ( manag+ ,bees t has be5 recomm5d$ by "s mod]n au?ors1--pr9cipally1 if ,i mi/ake n1 by ,dr4 ,bevan2 & x is practis$ by "s ,bee-ma/]s1 :o1 ,i am told1 consid] x to be ! mo/ humane mode1 & ! only humane mode ( manag+ ,honey-,bees4 ,i h no wi% to depreciate ! inv5tions & lab\rs ( o!rs1 nor to (f5d any man1 & p>ticul>ly t man :o has ex]t$ himself s mu* to bett] ! condition ( ! ,honey-,bee4 ,if he has be5 mi/ak5 9 ! means to be employ$ to ga9 s desirable an end1 & 9 my humble op9ion he c]ta9ly has be5 mi/ak51 e praise is due to him = 8 good int5tions4 ,my fir/ objection to ! pil+ sy/em is--because x occasions a great deal ( extra tr\ble1 lab\r1 & inconv5i5ce to ! ,bees1 & consequ5tly prev5ts _! collect+ s great a quantity ( honey & wax z !y w d :]e !y are n subject$ to ^! drawbacks4 ,& :]e1 ,i w\ld fa9 "k1 is ! humanity 9 increas+ & ob/ruct+ ! lab\rs ( ^! indefatigable1 little insects8 ,is x n inhumanity to =ce !m to deposit _! treasures 9 a g>ret1 two or ?ree /ories high1 :5 a f> m conv5i5t /ore-room may be provid$ = !m on ! fir/ floor8 ,let n1 !n1 ! pil+ advocate ( ! pres5t day any long] recomm5d ?is faulty practice1 nor errone\sly cont5d t ! elevat+ ( boxes "o ^u ano!r1 is ! be/ & only way ( ensur+ an abundance ( honey & wax4 ,b fairly to get at ! m]its--n to say--dem]its ( ?is practice1 ,i w exam9e x a little 9 detail4 ,fir/1 !n1 ! pil+ practition] puts a sw>m ( ,bees into a box1 :i* ,i w call box ,a4 ,?is box1 if prosp]\s1 ( c\rse soon becomes a pavilion ( nature1--t is1 x soon conta9s quantities ( brood-comb1 "y brood1 l>v1 & embryo ,bees 9 v>i\s /ages ( exi/5ce4 ,x is all[$ to /& alone until x be fill$1 or ne>ly fill$1 ) ! ,bees' works4 ,x requires no great skill to "k t ! cont5ts ( box ,a4 at ?is p]iod are z j describ$4 ,:5 ne>ly full x is plac$ ^u ano!r box 7,b47 to prev5t :at is call$ ! maid5-sw>m4 ,?is box1 l box ,a4 is quickly fill$ ) combs3 ! ,que5 too foll[s h] lab\r]s & progressively lays h] eggs ev5 to ! l[e/ edges ( ! combs4 ,( c\rse box ,b1 l box ,a4 soon conta9s quantities ( brood4 ,! second box 7,b47 gets full j z ! fir/ did1 & z a cottage-hive does--n ) pure honey1 b ) brood1 poll5 or f>9a1 & o!r sub/ances1 z well z ) honey2 9 %ort1 !re is no provision =1 nor means (1 divid+ ! works ( ! work+ ,bees f ! works ( ! ,que5-,bee2 consequ5tly !y become1 z ( necessity !y mu/ become--"o promiscu\s mass4 ,! brood cont9ues to increase & occupies t "p ( ! box :i* %\ld be ( pure honey & wax4 ,?is goes on until m room is want$2 & !n x is t ! two full boxes 7,a4 & ,b47 are exalt$ & plac$ ^u ! ?ird & la/ box 7,c47 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n m5d ! matt]2 b1 z w be se5 pres5tly1 x does occasion a great deal ( additional lab\r & inconv5i5ce to ! ,bees4 ,9 ! meantime !y c>ry on _! works ( nature & ( art--!y con/ruct new combs & /ore "s ( ! cells ) honey1 & ! ,que5 lays h] eggs 9 o!rs1 j z 9 ! o!r boxes4 ,! fact is--! ?ree boxes soon become z "o3 !y soon become & cont9ue to be ( "o temp]ature1--! same comp\nd ( ! old hive1--! brood-cells are int]mix$ ) ^? conta9+ honey1--wrea?s ( poll5 are3 9 e pile1--& animat$ nature is ev]y:]e peep+ f ! wax5 cells1 9 :i* no?+ b pure honey %\ld h be5 deposit$4 ,b ?is is n all1 nor ! wor/ "p2 ?\gh bad en\gh1 if purity ( honey be any consid]ation4 ,x is a fact kn[n by me & by e "o at all exp]i5c$ 9 ! managem5t ( an api>y1 t no soon] are ! combs 9 box ,,cl got into a /ate ( =w>dness--x w\ld be say+ r too mu* to say--complet$1 ?an numb]s ( work+ ,bees are1 z x 71 /ruck (f _! "w !re1 & set ab\t remov+ all sup]fluities & nuisances f ! combs lately fill$ ) "y brood 9 ! upp]mo/ box ,a4 ,e cell 9 ^? combs t has be5 ! ne/ & nurs]y ( a "y ,bee !y cleanse ?or\ghly & repair1 :]e repairs are ne$$1 prep>atory to its be+ made a receptacle = honey1 or = ! o!r treasures br\ght f ! field4 ,at ?is "t1 t is--z soon z ! combs are free f ! fir/ brood1 ! upp]mo/ box is ne>ly empty1 in/ead ( be+ full3 x conta9s empty combs & ,bees1 b little or no honey4 ,"h !n ! ,bees are subject$ to t extra lab\r & inconv5i5ce :i* =m my fir/ objection to ! pil+-plan4 ,f ! entrance into box ,c4 ?r\gh box ,b4 & up into box ,a4 ! way1 to a load$ ,bee1 is nei!r %ort nor pleasant2 x is a labyr9? beset ) difficulties & ob/ructions1 9 surm\nt+ :i* mu* ( t "t is occupi$ :i* w\ld o!rwise be m pr(itably1 & we may suppose--f> m agreeably employ$1 9 pass+ f fl[] to fl[]1 & 9 cull+ _! v>i\s sweets4 ,any p]son1 x may be presum$1 w\ld r set d[n a heavy load on ! gr\nd-floor ?an h to tug x up two or ?ree long flights ( /airs1 & ?r\gh intricate1 w9d+ passages1 & be jo/l$ & imp$$ & pu%$ ab\t1 & p]haps backw>d e n[ & !n1 by c\ntless cr[ds ( busy m51 unceas+ly hurry+ up & d[n & pass+ & re-pass+ ! burd5$ man 9 e direction4 ,& is x n comp>atively ! same ) ,bees go+ ?r\gh boxes ,c4 & ,b4 up into box ,a48 ,i ma9ta9 t x is s1--& t ,bees 9 pil$-boxes lose mu* "t 9 p]=m+ ! unnecess>y1 climb+ lab\r1 impos$ ^u !m by _! unskilful ma/]s4 ,! natural consequ5ce ( ?is--,i repeat--unnecess>y wa/e ( _! "t1 mu/ n be plac$ to ! acc\nt1 or laid to ! in/9ct ( ! ,bees2 = ( all creatures 9 ! _w1 ,bees p]haps "w ) ! mo/ extraord9>y cel]ity4 ,! beautiful piles ( honey1 & :5 unob/ruct$1 ! regul> movem5ts ( ^! wond]ful insects1 are admirably sci5tific & correct4 ,! consequ5ce1 namely1 a defici5cy 9 ! quantity ( honey & wax1 is *>geable solely to ! acc\nt ( ! unskilful manag]4 ,at l5g? ! "t arrives :5 ! ?ree pil$-boxes are1 or are suppos$ to be1 well /or$1--& :5 a "p ( ! ,bees' treasure is to be tak5 z a remun]ation = ! c>e & tr\ble ( ! proprietor4 ,let him !n put on 8 grotesque ,bee-dress1 & boot$ up to ! middle & glov$ to ! v elb[s1 let him proce$ to take ! upp]mo/ box4 ,he divides x f t on :i* x /&s1 t is--f box ,b4 by a slide or a divid] ( "s sort prep>$ = su* an op]ation1 or 9 any way he pleases1 = t ,i leave to him4 ,well1 he succe$s 9 gett+ (f 8 prize2 n1 h[ev]1 )\t ! de/ruction ( a consid]able numb] ( ,bees3 = to presume t he is acqua9t$ ) my easy mode ( tak+ away a box1 w\ld be to presume too mu*2 ,i !re=e all[ him a ,bee-dress at once1 & h acc\t]$ him 9 ! be/ way ,i c = 8 ardu\s und]tak+4 ,! box1 !n1 is (f4 ,he turns x up & exam9es x1 & to 8 great disappo9tm5t1 he f9ds t ! combs are discol\r$1 t ea* pile ( ! expect$ treasure conta9s p>ts ( ! "y l>v1 & t !re is mu* poll5 comm+l$ ) ! o!r sub/ances 9 ! box2 9 %ort1 he f9ds t ! :ole is dirty & fil?y 9 appe>ance2 & t he has de/roy$ a "p ( ! mo/ valuable brood = ano!r ye>4 ,&1 if in/ead ( box ,a4 he take box ,b4 he w f>e little1 if any bett]2 nay1 he w 9 all probability de/roy a great] quantity ( brood3 & 9 box ,c4 he _c expect to f9d m ?an half-fill$ cells1 or empty combs4 ,su* are ! fruits & pr(its ( ! pil+ sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t4 ,!re are ,bee-ma/]s resid5t )9 tw5ty miles ( ! good t[n ( ,spald+1 & 9 _m o!r places t might be m5tion$1 :o "k t ! =ego+ acc\nt is true1 lam5tably true3 b1 until su* practition]s are s5sible ( ! fault9ess ( _! sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t1 x w\ld be folly 9 me to appeal m directly to any ( !m = a confirmation ( :at ,i "k to be ! tru?4 ,h[1 ,i w\ld ask1 c ! ,bees' sweet treasures be divid$ f _! o!r "w1 if !re be no means ( v>y+ & regulat+ ! temp]ature 9 _! hive8 ,)\t ! aid ( v5tilation x is1 9 my op9ion1 impossible2 b ) x1 x is p]fectly easy1 p]fectly safe1 & n at all di/ress+ nor ev5 unpleasant to ! ,bees4 ,be=e ,i take my leave ( ! pil+ or /orify+ practition]1 :om ,i consid]1 z p]haps he may consid] me1 to be v1 v imp]fect 9 ! managem5t ( ,bees1 ,i feel x to be my duty to my read]s1 & ( c\rse to ! pil+ ,bee-ma/]1 if he %\ld v\*safe to me a read+1 to record a few o!r facts t be> /rongly aga9/ ! pil+ practice--facts d]iv$ f long & att5tive obs]vation ( ! nature & habits ( ,honey-,bees4 ,twelve ye>s' /eady practice & con/ant att5tion to ! movem5ts ( ^! +5i\s insects are ! f\ndations ,i h to build ^u4 ,besides ,i h pro(s1 well-au!nticat$1 indisputable pro(s1 ( ! abundant produce ( honey hav+ be5 tak5 f collat]al-boxes1 & t ( v sup]ior quality too2 :i* honey ,i take f ! ,bees z be+ a sup]abundant /ore1 & n z a "p1 ! tak+ away ( :i* has any t5d5cy to weak51 or 9 any way to injure1 ! prosp]ity ( ! colony f :i* x is tak54 ,b :at d we behold :5 a box is tak5 f a /ori$ pile8--:at t 9 ! lea/ des]ves to be t]m$ humanity8 ,d n a ?\s& murd]s />e u 9 ! face8 ,:y %\ld ! op]ator be veil$ & muffl$ up & made /+-pro(1 if no conflict 0 expect$--if no de$s ( viol5ce 7 anticipat$8 ,b viol5ce is anticipat$1 & practis$ too1 to su* an ext5t t x is no uncommon occurr5ce = ! ,bees t escape de/ruction to des]t ! o!r boxes altoge!r4 ,?is ends "o "p ( ! bus9ess4 ,& ^! objections aga9/ ! practice ( /orify+ boxes w1 ,i tru/1 induce ! reflect+1 +5u\s read] to turn 8 att5tion to ! importance ( v5tilation 9 collat]al-boxes4 ,by regulat+ ! int]ior temp]ature ( ! hive1 suitable & g5]ative heat is conf9$ to ! pavilion1 t is--to ! "m-hive1 :i* heat causes ! ,que5 to propagate h] "y 9 ! pavilion--?is be+ ! middle-box1 & ne> ! entrance1 a great advantage is !reby af=d$ to all ! ,bees pass+ 9 & out1 t fully demon/rates ! necessity ( _! lab\rs be+ assi/$ 9 ! bre$+-season1 & n ob/ruct$4 ,x is ! heat :i* causes ! work+-,bees to deposit _! poll5 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! seat ( nature4 ,?is poll51 :i* is call$ by "s writ]s ,bee-bread1 is ga!r$ & deposit$ = ! special purpose ( support+ ! "y l>v1 :ile helpless insects1 or babies1 z x 71 9 ! hive4 ,comb9$ ) heat1 x is ?is mat]ial :i* discol\rs ! mu* admir$ works ( ! ,bees2 x is ?is :i* also makes ! wax & honey yell[3 besides :]e ?is poll5 is deposit$ by ! ,bees1 !re1 or 9 t "p ( ! hive1 w ! ,que5 lay h] eggs1--& !re ( c\rse propagate h] species4 ,& z animal nature advances to p]fection1 s rises ! int]ior temp]ature ( ! hive1 until an almo/ suffocat+ heat obliges ! ,bees to leave _! home4 ,?is heat ext5ds itself to ! mo/ remote p>ts ( _! domicil2 & 7 x n = ! influ5ce ( v5tilation 9 ! end-boxes1 a discol\ration ( _! beautiful works w\ld also be ext5d$ ?r\gh ! hive1 & ! ,que5 w\ld lay h] eggs promiscu\sly z %e does 9 ! cottage-hive4 ,b ?is mis*ief is correct$ by v5tilation3 c !n any reasonable man d5y its p[]ful & useful effects 9 ! managem5t ( ,bees8 ,! ,que5-,bee is b seldom se5 by ! mo/ acute obs]v]2 %e loves to propagate h] "y 9 secrecy1 at ! regul> temp]ature ( ! hive at h] own bir?4 ,if %e c possibly avoid x1 %e w n lay h] eggs :]e man c ov]look & exam9e h] movem5ts2 consequ5tly ! v5tilation 9 ! side-boxes prev5ts h] ext5d+ h] works ( nature beyond ! limits ( h] native hive4 ,z soon z %e feels a cool+ *ange ( temp]ature1 %e imm$iately )draws to h] native clime1 & leaves h] work+ subjects to /ore ! beautifully :ite combs ) ! pure/ cry/al sweet4 ,bat1 7 ! ,que5 p]mitt$1 z %e is 9 ! pil+ sy/em1 z well z 9 ! cottage-hive1 to foll[ h] subjects ?r\gh ! :ole hive1 ) "o & ! same temp]ature ?r\gh\t1 %e w\ld mo/ c]ta9ly propagate h] "y j z %e does 9 ! pil$-boxes4 ,9 t case !re w\ld be no advantage d]ivable f ! purity ( ! honey4 ,aga91 on my plan1 ! middle-box is s situat$ t ! ,que5 9 x is plac$ conv5i5tly to sup]9t5d h] lab\r]s2 h] eye c behold !m 9 ! ?ronge/ ( _! lab\r1 be+ s ne> ! well =tifi$ entrance ( h] pavilion4 ,9 su* a fav\rable situation1 %e c view ! movem5ts ( h] subjects1 & n a mom5t ne$ be lo/1 because all _! /reets & passages are %ort4 ,! direct asc5t to ! top ( "o ( my boxes is n q elev5 in*es1 & ) a middle-siz$ bell-glass sup]add$1 x does n exce$ eighte5 in*es2 s t 9 "o day1 :5 ! honey-dew is pl5tiful1 t5 ?\s& ,bees w ga!r m treasure ?an ?ree times t numb] on ! pil+ sy/em1 9 :i* ! ,bees are compell$ to m\nt up to ! ,babylonian height ( ,?orley's f\r? box4 ,^! 7p>tly repetitions ( :at has be5 /at$ be=e1 ,i am aw>e17 are conv5i5ces :i* collat]al-boxes possess1 & :i* d n belong to pil$-boxes4 ,9 pil$-boxes ,bees are subject$ to unnecess>y lab\r1 :i* is s f> a wa/e ( "t4 ,f pil$-boxes n ne>ly ! quantity ( honey & wax is procur$1 t may be procur$ f collat]al-boxes1--nor is t defici5t quantity ( a quality at all comp>able ) ! o!r4 ,9 manag+ pil$-boxes _m ,bees are de/roy$4 ,^! are my objections to t sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t2 & ,i put x to e p]son :o has practis$ /orify+ to say :e!r !y are n well-f\nd$4 ,illu/ration3 ,l4 ,b5nett & ,co4 ,typ4 #aj1 ,guil=d ,place1 ,spa-,fields1 ,london4 ,,! ,,api>y ,at ! mo/ noble ! ,,m>quis ( ,,bl&=d',s1 ,,delab]e ,,p>k1 ,,pangb\rn1 7ne> ,,read+17 ,,b]k%ire4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,api>y ,,at ,,delab]e ,,p>k4 ,hav+ /at$ 79 page #add7 t ,i h well-au!nticat$1 indisputable pro(s ( ! abundant produce ( honey hav+ be5 tak5 f collat]al-boxes1 & t ( v sup]ior quality too1 ,i c\ld1 9 support ( ?is /atem5t ref] ! read] to a great numb] ( my api>ian fri5ds1 a b>e catalogue ( ^: names w\ld fill sev]al pages ( ?is book4 ,b z ! be/ pro(s ( ! m]its1 advantages1 & practicability ( anew sy/em1 are 9 its e/abli%$ success1 ,i w select "o in/ance1 & h great pleasure 9 ref]r+ to t ( ! api>y e/abli%$ on my pr9ciples1 at ! seat ( my noble patron--! ,m>quess ( ,bl&=d1 at ,delab]e ,p>k1 ne> ,read+4 ,situat$ 9 a "p ( ! c\ntry mo/ abundantly fav\r$ by nature1--effete ) e v>iety ( ,bee-h]bage1 & ) e local advantage comb9$ 9 its fav\r1 ! noble ,m>quess has prosecut$ 8 api>ian pursuits ) a _s ( lib]ality & ent]prize r$\nd+ to 8 cr$it1 & well m]it+ ! success :i* has equall$ my own z x has 8 mo/ sangu9e expectations4 ,i d n consid] t ,i c introduce ?is bett] to ! notice ( my read]s1 ?an by transcrib+ ! acc\nt ( a visit1 t 0 paid to x by my intellig5t fri5d ,mr4 ,boo?1 ! ,lectur] on ,*emi/ry1 & :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,/am=d ,m]cury ( ,july #bf?1 #ahcc4 ,x is z foll[s3-- ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,m]cury4 ,sir1 ,f ! int]e/ y appe> to take 9 :atev] relates to ! ext5sion ( ,mr4 ,nutt's invaluable sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t1 & ! prompt att5tion y h giv5 to =m] communications on ! subject1 ,i am induc$ to detail ! successful results ( t sy/em 9 ! h&s ( ! ,m>quess ( ,bl&=d1 :o has gone mo/ ext5sively into ! subject1 & ) an ard\r & en?usiasm second only to t ( ! intellig5t inv5tor4 ,z ,i _h ! p]mission ( ! noble ,m>quess to make my obs]vations1 s ,i am enabl$ to make ref]5ce to 8 ,lord%ip = ! accuracy ( my /atem5ts1 & ,i am only fulfill+' ! wi%es ( ! noble ,"l1 9 mak+ ^! details z ext5sively public z possible1 = ! in=mation ( ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ?is mo/ important1 ?\gh long neglect$ bran* ( rural economy4 ,8 ,lord%ip's p>k is mo/ pleasantly situat$ ne> ! beautiful & romantic village ( ,pangb\rn1 9 ,b]k%ire1 & ! *oice ( situation = ! api>y is mo/ excell5t4 ,x is at ! top ( a t[],e =ty-six feet high1 situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( a wood1 & comm&+ a mo/ ext5sive view ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 includ+ ,hamp%ire1 ,b]k%ire1 ,wilt%ire1 & ,ox=d%ire1 ! face ( nature be+ clad 9 an almo/ endless v>iety ( f]tility1 & old ,fa!r ,?ames g5tly me&]+ ?r\gh ! valley1 =m$ by ! di/ant hills :i* b\nd ! sc5e1 af=d+ b few prospective traces ( ! imm5se physical developm5ts ( 8 p[]s1 :i* r5d] him1 truly1 ! mon>* ( riv]s4 ,at ! top ( ?is t[] 8 ,lord%ip possesses f\r colonies 9 collat]al-hives1 & "o inv]t$-hive1 all ( :i* h be5 />t$ s9ce ,april #ahcc4 ,9 ! collat]al-hives ! lab\rs ( ! ,bees h be5 highly successful4 ,f "o colony has already be5 tak5 a box conta9+ ?irty p\nds ( honey2 :il/ ano!r box & ?ree small glasses1 :i* _c toge!r conta9 less ?an =ty p\nds1 are q ready = tak+1 & :i* w af=d ! sum ( sev5ty p\nds1 & ?is )\t infr++ on ! quantity necess>y = ! w9t] support ( ! ,bees4 ,! !rmomet] 9 ! collat]al-boxes did n exce$ #gj degrees1 :il/ 9 ! air x 0 at #fd4 ,a mo/ rem>kable contra/ 0 af=d$ by ! sup]ior quality ( ! honey 9 ! end-box & t ( ! 'pavilion ( nature3' ! sup]iority ( ! =m] 0 mo/ evid5t4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 ! keep]1 :o q foll[s 9 ! /eps ( ,mr4 ,nutt1 in=m$ me t ! av]age quantity ( honey produc$ f a cottage-hive1 ^u ! old pr9ciples1 does n exce$ f ?irty to =ty p\nds2 :il/1 b 9 "o case1 did he ev] obta9 f a hive1 enl>g$ by ek+1 ! am\nt ( fifty p\nds4 ,x is extremely satisfactory & =tunate1 t1 = ! sake ( ref]5ce1 ,mr4 ,nutt's sy/em has fall5 into su* good h&s1 z bo? 8 lord%ip & ! keep] appe> z devot$ to ! subject1 z !y h be5 happy 9 _! results4 ,= "y beg9n]s ! results reflect great cr$it4 ,footnote ,e3 ,vide1 plate at ! head ( ?is *apt]4 ,i am n able to speak mu* reg>d+ ! progress ( ! inv]t$-hives1 ( :i* 8 lord%ip possesses two2 ! "o be+ at ! top ( ! t[] & ! o!r situate on ! lawn1 at ! back ( ! h\se2 ! =m] conta9+ tw5ty-?ree glasses & ! latt] ?irty-?ree4 ,! latt] is really a magnific5t con/ruction--an ornam5tal app5dage su* z ! g>d5s ( few noblem5 c boa/4 ,! ,bees _h1 9 ea*1 fill$ all ! int]m$iate p>ts betwixt ! hive & ! glasses1 & 7 j !n comm5c+ _! lab\rs 9 ! latt]4 ,next summ] 8 lord%ip w1 ,i anticipate1 reap a glori\s h>ve/ bo? f ^!1 & 8 collat]al-hives1 :i* are gett+ into prime condition = ! w9t]4 ,i h tr\bl$ y ) ^! details because !y relate to facts1 & a publication ( su* facts is all t is requir$ to introduce ?is admirable sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t into univ]sal practice4 ,to :at ext5sion x may be br\ght1 x is impossible to /ate1 b ^! results mo/ /rongly impress ^u o!rs ( ! nobility to ',g & d likewise4' ,! mantle ( ! w>rior has inde$ fall5 ^u ! philan?ropi/ 9 ! p]son ( ! heir to ! title & =tunes ( a ,m>lbor\gh2 & let ! example b be ext5d$1 & ! practice inculcat$ among/ our rural population1 &1 :il/ x w greatly conduce to _! advantage1 we ne$ no long] look to ,france or ,italy = a supply ( treasures1 :i* our own c\ntry & peasantry c s effici5tly produce4 ,no?+ c\ld possibly m advance ^! objects1 ?an ! =mation ( an ,api>ian ,society1 :i* %\ld (f] premiums & prizes to ! mo/ successful competitors2 & ,i d hope t = ! sake ( humanity z well z philan?ropy1 & :5 ,i see ! long & noble li/ ( names :i* dignify ,mr4 ,nutt's patronage1 ,i %all n be deceiv$ 9 my anticipations ( ! spe$y =mation ( a society1 e/abli%$ = su* laudable purposes4 ,y\rs1 c4 ,abraham ,boo?1 ,lectur] on ,*emi/ry4 ,read+1 ,july #bb;d1 #ahcc4 ,to ! above v able & explicit description1 & :i* is to me ! m int]e/+ because n writt5 by a practical api>ian1 ,i h no?+ to add1 b t x has met ! cordial approbation ( 8 ,lord%ip1 ^: /ill m rec5t & cont9u\s success has confirm$ him 9 ! practicability & value ( my sy/em4 ,! sket* :i* prec$es ?is acc\nt 0 tak5 = ! purpose by 8 amiable ,c\ntess1 ^: k9d solicitude = ! welf>e ( ! indu/ri\s & valuable little insects1 to :i* s mu* ( my att5tion has be5 devot$1 & approbation ( my ex]tions1 h n be5 among/ ! lea/ valu$ ( my rew>ds & consolations4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,honey-,,bees4 ,t bran* ( natural hi/ory :i* treats ( ,,insects is call$ entomology4 ,& ,l9nu1 ! celebrat$ naturali/ & botani/1 & ! fa!r ( ! classification ( animat$ & vegetable nature1 has divid$ insects into sev5 ord]s2 ! fif? ( :i* is t]m$ hym5opt]a1 & includes all ^? insects t h f\r membran\s1 gauze-l w+s1 & t are furni%$ ) a /+1 or ) a process resembl+ "o4 ,to ?is class ! ,honey-,bee belongs4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 s repeat$ly describ$ by naturali/s & by api>ian au?ors1 t x w\ld be difficult to say any ?+ respect+ x z an insect m]ely t has n be5 said be=e4 ,x is1 moreov]1 s univ]sally kn[n1 t x may seem to be a sup]flu\s und]tak+ to attempt to describe x at all4 ,z1 h[ev]1 my little "w might be deem$ to be imp]fect )\t "s acc\nt ( x1 ,i w pres5t to my read]s ! sub/ance ( :at appe>s to me to be a cond5s$1 well-writt5 article on ! ,bee4 ,x is f ,watk9s' ,cyclopdia4 ,!re are1 he says1 & ,i believe x1 fifty-five species ( ,bees4 ,! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! ,bee are ^!3--its m\? has two jaws & a proboscis enfold$ 9 a d\ble %ea?2 its w+s are f\r1 ! l[] or "u pair ( :i* is small] ?an ! upp] pair2 9 ! anus ( ! female & work+ ,bees is a conceal$ /+4 ,( ! fifty-five species ! ,,honey-,,bee--classically1 or at any rate entomologically--apis mellifica1 is ! mo/ int]e/+ & important1 & t ) :i* ,i am directly conc]n$4 ,( ?is ,bee !re are ?ree k9ds--! ,que51 ! drone1 & ! work+ ,bee2 x is no m ?an ju/ice to ! draughtsman & to ! engrav] to say1 ! foll[+ are beautiful repres5tations1 except ! head ( ! work+ ,bee1 :i* is too r\nd4 ,illu/ration ,fig4 #a4 repres5ts a ,drone4 -- #b4 ---------- a work+ ,bee4 -- #c4 ---------- a ,que5 ,bee4 ,! ,drones are l>g] ?an ! o!rs2 _! heads are r\nd1 eyes foil1 & _! tongues %ort2 !y are also mu* d>k] & diff] 9 ! =m ( ! belly2 !y h no /+1 & !y make a great] noise 9 fly+ ?an ! common ,bees4 ,g5]ally speak+1 !y are f\nd 9 hives f ! beg9n+ ( ,may to ! middle or latt] end ( ,july3 sometimes !y may be se5 e>li]1 especially 9 good /ocks2 & sometimes _! de/ruction does n take place till ! middle ( ,augu/1 or ev5 lat]4 ,!y nei!r collect honey nor wax4 ,x has be5 suppos$ t _! (fice is to impregnate ! eggs ( ! ,que5 aft] !y are deposit$ 9 ! cells2 b accord+ to ,mr4 ,bonn] ?is supposition is a mi/ake4 ,9 ?is ,i agree ) him1 & beg to rem>k--t 9 no case is a supposition a pro(4 ,bonn] says t ! ,que5 lays eggs :i* produce "y ,bees )\t any communication ) ! drones4 ,he supports ?is position by ! /atem5t ( sev]al v exact exp]im5ts4 ,9 ?is op9ion he is support$ by ! respectable evid5ce ( ,s*ira*4 ,on ! my/]i\s subject ( ! ,que5's impregnation ,i am incl9$ to co9cide 9 op9ion ) ,hub]1 ^: multipli$ obs]vations1 & v>i\s & curi\s exp]im5ts1 d r5d] x highly probable t ! ,que5 is impregnat$ by ! drone1 n :il/ 9 ! hive1 b :il/ fly+ 9 ! air3 b ( ?is debatable subject m by & by4 ,! ,,que5-,,bee is easily di/+ui%$ f o!r ,bees by ! =m1 size1 & col\r ( h] body4 ,%e is l>g]1 long] at lea/1 & h] w+s are %ort] 9 proportion to h] size ?an ^? ( o!r ,bees4 ,! w+s ( drones & ( common work+ ,bees cov] _! bodies1 b ^? ( ! ,que5 sc>cely rea* beyond ! middle4 ,h] h9d] "p tap]s m ?an ! correspond+ "p ( o!r ,bees1 & is admirably adapt$ = ! purpose ( be+ introduc$ into ! cells to deposit h] eggs1 :i* %e does )\t be+ incommod$ by h] w+s1 z %e no d\bt w\ld be1 7 !y long 9 proportion to ! l5g? ( h] body4 ,consid]+ !n ! (fice %e has to p]=m1 ! %ortness ( h] w+s & ! l5g? & tap]+ ( h] body are alike conv5i5ces to h]2 h] belly & legs are yell[]1 & h] upp] p>ts d>k] ?an ^? ( o!r ,bees4 ,?\gh furni%$ ) a /+1 %e v r>ely uses x1 & w be> be+ h&l$ )\t be+ provok$4 ,a "y ,que5 is small] ?an a full gr[n "o4 ,:5 ?ree or f\r days old %e is quick 9 h] motions2 b :5 impregnat$ %e becomes heavy4 ,! common or work+ ,bees h ! faculty or in/9ctive p[] ( rais+ a ,que5-,bee1 :5 !y are 9 want ( "o1 f an egg 9 a common cell4 ,to d ?is1 !y *oose a common cell 9 :i* is an egg1 & inject a ?ick1 :ite1 liquid matt] f _! proboscis1 !y !n build on ! edges ( t p>ticul> cell & enl>ge x2 on ! fif? day ! royal maggot appe>s 9 ! =m ( a semicircle1 9 :i* =m x swims 9 ! mid/ ( ! matt] 9 ! cell2 & on ! sev5? day x is seal$ up4 ,dur+ :i* p]iod ! embryo ,que5 und]goes v>i\s metamorphoses4 ,on ! f\rte5? or fifte5? day aft]w>ds x comes =? a p]fect ,que5-,bee4 ,s*ira* has discov]$ a me?od ( multiply+ ,que5-,bees to almo/ any ext5t1 & consequ5tly ( mak+ artificial /ocks4 ,?is c only be successfully accompli%$ :5 !re are 9 a hive eggs1 nymphs1 & little maggots two or ?ree days out ( ! cell1 t is1 :5 !re is 9 a hive "y brood 9 ^! ?ree diff]5t /ages ( exi/5ce4 ,:5 a ,que5 dies & ! ,bees are left )\t ! means ( rais+ ano!r1 t is--:5 !re are no eggs nor "y brood ( a prop] age 9 ! hive1 ! ,bees cease work+1 consume ! honey1 fly ab\t at r&om1 & if n suppli$ ) ano!r ,que51 soon dw9dle away2 b if suppli$ ) a new ,que51 !y revive1 & ex]cise _! lab\r ) new & increas$ activity4 ,! ,que5 is1 z x 71 ! v s\l ( ! hive4 ,x has be5 comput$ t ! ov>y ( ! ,que5 conta9s above #ejjj eggs at once1 & t 9 ! space ( two mon?s %e may produce #aj or #ab1jjj ,bees4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ?is computation is too-limit$3 f :at ,i h witness$ 9 my obs]vatory-hive ?is summ] 7#ahcb71 ,i am l$ to conclude t a f]tile ,que5 is capable ( lay+ f> m ?an ! be=em5tion$ numb] ( eggs 9 ! space ( two mon?s4 ,! work+ ,bees are consid]ably small] ?an ei!r ! drones or ! ,que54 ,!y1 l ! o!rs1 h f\r w+s1 :i* enable !m to fly ) heavy loads4 ,!y h six legs1 ( :i* ! two =emo/ are ! %orte/1 & ) ^! !y dis*>ge !mselves ( _! loads4 ,! two la/ or h9dmo/ are ! l>ge/1 & on ! outside ( ! middle jo9t ( ^! is a cavity 9 :i* ! ,bees collect ! mat]ials = wax1 :i* mat]ials !y c>ry home to _! hives2 ?is holl[ is peculi> to ! work+ ,bee4 ,ea* foot t]m9ates 9 two hooks4 ,! honey-bladd] is ( ! size ( a small pea1 & v transp>5t4 ,! /+ is horny & holl[1 ?r\gh :i* ! poison is eject$4 ,! w\nd inflict$ by x is mortal to _m insects2 & in/ances are n want+ ( horses & c[s hav+ be5 /ung to dea? by ,bees4 ,:5 ! /+ is left 9 ! w\nd1 & be+ b>b$ x commonly is left !re1 ! ,bee t loses x dies 9 consequ5ce4 ,) reg>d to ! age ( ,bees1 ! drones h a %ort life1 be+ de/roy$ annually by ! work+ ,bees2 ^!--! work]s--are suppos$ by "s to live b "o ye>1 b o!rs are ( op9ion t !y live sev]al ye>s3 ^? ( !m t escape a premature dea? w live1 if ,i mi/ake n1 ?ree or f\r ye>s1 or ev5 long]4 ,i once clipp$ "o ( ! w+s ( a ,que5 s t ,i c\ld id5tify h]1 9 case ,i %\ld ev] meet ) h] aga93 ,i !n return$ h] to h] hive1 & _h ! good =tune to see h] sev]al times aft]w>ds dur+ ?ree successive ye>s4 ,( c\rse %e liv$ m ?an ?ree ye>s4 ,:at became ( h] at la/ ,i d n "k2 nor :e!r %e may n /ill survive ,i d n "k4 ,if1 h[ev]1 work+ ,bees be z long-liv$ z ,que5-,bees1 & ,i ?9k x w be difficult to assign a good reason :y !y %\ld n1 !y may live to be ?ree or f\r ye>s ( age1 & p]haps m ?an t4 ,! ample provision !y make = life seems to me to be a natural indication t !y expect at lea/ to live to h occasion = x4 ,sometimes fi]ce1 de/ructive battles take place betwe5 ! ,bees ( diff]5t hives 9 an api>y1 & :5 ! ,que5 ( "o hive is kill$1 ! w> ceases1 & ! surviv+ ,bees ( ! two hives unite & become "o peaceable /ock4 ,"s api>ians h obta9$ an extraord9>y comm& ov] ,bees1 p>ticul>ly ,mr4 ,wildman1 :o c\ld entice a :ole sw>m to settle j :]e he pleas$--on 8 *91 on 8 head1 on 8 h&1 or on any p>ticul> bran* ( a tree2 b ^! feats1 s surpris+ to ! behold]s1 he effect$1 z any o!r dext]\s p]son may1 by gett+ possession ( ! ,que5-,bee1 & plac+ h] :]e he int5d$ ! ,bees %\ld settle2 = x is a well-asc]ta9$ fact1 t su* is ! atta*m5t ( ,bees to _! ,que51 t !y w congregate ar\nd h]1 &1 z f> z !y c1 protect h] 9 :atev] situation !y f9d h]4 ,7 ! atta*m5t & allegiance ( all subjects to _! legitimate sov]eigns ?us true & p[]ful1 x w\ld1 z ,/]ne says1 be some?+6 ,9 work+ ! ,bees are said by "s1 ^: say+s are p]haps m fanciful ?an correct1 9 ! foll[+ in/ance at lea/2--x has1 h[ev]1 be5 said--t 9 work+ ! ,bees =m !mselves into f\r companies1 "o ( :i* roves ! fields 9 se>* ( mat]ials = ! hive1 ano!r is employ$ 9 lay+ out ! bottoms & p>titions ( ! cells1 ! ?ird 9 smoo?+ ! inside f ! corn]s & angles1 & ! f\r? 9 br++ food = ! re/4 ,accord+ to ?is acc\nt "s are lab\r]s1 o!rs are build]s1 o!rs f9i%]s1 & o!rs purveyors4 ,z !re is no diff]5ce 9 ! =mation ( ! work]s1 ,i see no reason = assign+ !m any p>ticul> task or sort ( "w1 nor d ,i ?9k ! allotm5t ( lab\r j m5tion$ re/s ^u any o!r f\ndation ?an t ( vague conjecture4 ,_! dilig5ce1 h[ev]1 & activity1 are s great1 t 9 a fav\rable day !y w make cells :i* lie on ea* o!r1 suffici5t to conta9 "s ?\s&s ( ,bees4 ,to keep _! habitations--_! hives1 close & tight1 !y make use ( a res9\s gum1 :i* ! anci5ts call$1 & :i* is /ill call$--propolis4 ,?is sub/ance is at fir/ s(t & pliable1 b becomes firm] e day2 :5 x has acquir$ its prop] consi/5cy1 x is h>d] ?an wax & is an excell5t cem5t4 ,!y gu>d aga9/ ! entrance ( ants & o!r inimical insects into _! hive1 by glu+ or fill+ up ) ?is propolis ! smalle/ inlets2 & ) x !y fa/5 ! edge ( _! hive to its floor 9 a v secure mann]4 ,"s ,bees /& z s5t9els1 & m\nt gu>d1 z x 71 to prev5t ! intrusion ( /rang]s & enemies4 ,b if a snail1 or o!r reptile1 or any l>ge insect1 =ces its way into ! hive1 !y fir/ kill x1 & !n coat x ov] ) propolis1 to prev5t be+ annoy$ by ! noisome smell1 or by ! maggots :i* might proce$ f its putrefaction1 if left to putrefy4 ,bees c p]ceive ! approa* ( bad wea!r2 = :5 black cl\ds are 9 ! sky indicat+ ra91 !y imm$iately hurry home ) ! greate/ spe$2 & :5 to ! eye ( man !re is no visible tok5 ( a sudd5 %[] or o!r imm$iate *ange f f9e wea!r to f\l1 ,bees are aw>e ( x1 & by _! sudd51 hurri$ return to _! hives1 are ! fir/ to progno/icate a *ange z ne>2 nor1 (t5 z ,i h obs]v$ !m1 h ,i ev] f\nd !m wrong 9 ?is respect4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,bees re/ :5 !y settle1 aft] hav+ sw>m$1 & frequ5tly 9 ! hive also1 is by collect+ !mselves into a clu/] & hang+ to ea* o!r by ! hooks ( _! feet4 ,:5 ! wea!r has be5 w>m ,i h frequ5tly se5 !m1 pres5tly aft] be+ admitt$ into an end-box1 hang 9 catk9s or ropes3 ?is !y no d\bt d to cool !mselves ! m4 ,to view ! ,bees susp5d$ f "o ano!r 9 ^! s+le ropes is a natural curiosity well wor? att5tion4 ,! flight ( ,bees :5 sw>m+ is s+ul>ly rapid & mo/ extraord9>y3 dur+ "s m9utes aft] hav+ ris5 into ! air1 !y d>t across ea* o!r 9 e conceivable direction1 :eel r\nd & %oot ?r\gh ! m]ry cr[d aga91 aga9 :eel r\nd & aga9 d>t ?r\gh2 & not)/&+ ! v limit$ space )9 :i* !y conf9e _! gambols on ^! occasions1 !y nev] seem to come 9 contact or to cla% ) ea* o!r2 ?\gh animat$ & excit$ to a degree ( app>5tly frantic ovation1 ,i nev] h obs]v$ "o ,bee fall f\l ( ano!r1 & ?is x is t /rikes me z be+ wond]ful4 ,! balls atta*$ to ! legs ( ,bees return+ to ! hives1 consi/ ( a p[d] ga!r$ f ! /am9a ( fl[]s1 n yet br\ght to ! /ate ( wax4 ,! ,bee1 :5 x ent]s ! cup ( ! fl[]1 rolls itself till its :ole body is cov]$ ) ! yell[ f>9a t is !re94 ,x !n bru%es (f ?is p[d]y f>9a ) its h9d legs1 & kneads x into two balls or small pellets1 load$ ) :i* x returns to ! hive4 ,bees p[d]$ all ov] ) f>9a may frequ5tly be se5 ent]+ _! hive3 ! ,bees ?us cov]$ c>ry _! loads ^u _! :ole bodies1 )\t ! lab\r ( pack+ !m ^u _! ?ighs4 ,probably :5 f>9a is collect$ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( _! hives1 ,bees may h ! wisdom 7,i "k n :at else x c be prop]ly call$7 to save !mselves ! lab\r ( bru%+ & mak+ x into pellets4 ,"s au?ors hold t ?is sub/ance is eat5 by degrees1 & be+ dige/$ 9 ! body ( ! ,bee1 t x becomes wax1--or t by "s peculi> process x c]ta9ly is conv]t$ into wax1--& t :5 !re is a sup]flu\s quantity ( ?is undige/$1 or unmanufactur$ matt]1 x is laid up 9 /ore1 & is call$ ,bee-bread4 ,= my "p ,i am ( op9ion t f>9a is /or$ up purely z ,bee-bread & food = ! "y brood1 & t x ent]s n into ! composition ( wax4 ,! mat]ial ( :i* wax is =m$ ,i take to be q di/9ct f f>9a--a mat]ial ( a diff]5t nature4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( a work+ ,bee appe>$ 9 ! ,f>m]s' ,j\rnal "s "t ago1 ,i subjo9 x1 because1 9 "s respects1 x is m p>ticul> ?an t j giv52 b 9 "o ?+ x is defici5t--x makes no m5tion ( ! eyes--! two lum9>ies or lights ( ! body4 ,! eyes ( ,bees are ( an oblong figure1 black l jet1 transp>5t & immoveable4 ,,bee1 says ! ,f>m]s' ,j\rnal1 a small & well-kn[n insect1 fam\s = its indu/ry4 ,?is useful & labori\s insect is divid$ by two ligam5ts into ?ree p>ts or portions1--! head1 ! brea/1 & ! belly4 ,! head is arm$ ) two jaws & a trunk1 ! =m] ( :i* play l two jaws1 op5+ & %utt+ to ! "r & left2 ! trunk is long & tap]+1 & at ! same "t extremely pliant & flexible1 be+ de/9$ by nature = ! insect to probe to ! bottom ( ! fl[]s1 ?r\gh all ! imp$im5ts ( _! *ives & foliage1 & dra9 !m ( _! treasur$ sweets3 b 7 ?is trunk to be always ext5d$1 x w\ld prove incommodi\s1 & be liable to be injur$ by a ?\s& accid5ts2 x is !re=e ( su* a /ructure1 t aft] ! p]=mance ( its necess>y functions1 x may be contract$1 or r fold$ up2 & besides ?is1 x is =tifi$ aga9/ all injuries by f\r /rong scales1 two ( :i* closely %ea? x1 & ! two o!rs1 ^: cavities & dim5sions are l>g]1 encompass ! :ole4 ,f ! middle-"p or brea/ ( ! ,bee gr[ ! legs1 :i* are six 9 numb]2 & at ! extremity ( ! paws are two little hooks1 disc]nible by ! microscope1 :i* appe> l sickles1 ) _! po9ts opposite to ea* o!r4 ,! w+s are f\r1 two great] & two small]1 :i* n only s]ve to transport !m ?r\gh ! air1 b1 by ! noise !y make1 to give notice ( _! dep>ture & arrival1 & to animate !m mutually to _! lab\rs4 ,! hairs1 ) :i* ! :ole body is cov]$1 are ( s+ul> use 9 reta9+ ! small du/ t falls f ! *ives ( ! fl[]s4 ,! belly ( ! ,bee consi/s ( six r+s1 :i* slide ov] "o ano!r1 & may !re=e be l5g!n$ or contract$ at pleasure2 & ! inside ( ?is "p ( ! body conta9s ! inte/9es1--! bag ( honey1--! bag ( poison1--& ! /+4 ,! (fice ( ! inte/9es is ! same z 9 o!r animals4 ,! bag ( honey is transp>5t z cry/al1 conta9+ ! sweet juices extract$ f ! fl[]s1 :i* ! ,bee dis*>ges into ! cells ( ! magaz9e = ! support ( ! community 9 w int]4 ,! bag ( poison hangs at ! root ( ! /+1 ?r\gh ! cavity ( :i*1 z ?r\gh a pipe1 ! ,bee ejects "s drops ( ?is v5om\s liquor into ! w\nd made by ! /+1 & s r5d]s ! pa9 m excessive4 ,! me*anism ( ! /+ is admirable1 be+ compos$ ( two d>ts1 inclos$ )9 a %ea? t tap]s into a f9e po9t1 ne> :i* is an op5+ to let out ! poison2 ! two d>ts are eject$ ?r\gh ano!r ap]ture1 :i* be+ arm$ ) sev]al %>p be>ds1 l ^? ( fi%-hooks1 are n easily drawn back aga9 by ! ,bee2 & inde$ %e nev] dis5gages !m if ! w\nd$ p>ty happ5s to />t & put h] 9 confusion2 b if1 :5 /ung1 "o c h pati5ce to cont9ue calm & unmov$1 ! /++ ,bee cl9*es ^? lat]al po9ts r\nd ! %aft ( ! d>t1 by :i* means %e recov]s h] weapon1 & gives less pa9 to ! p]son /ung4 ,,= ,,! ,,/+ ,,( ,a ,,bee4 ,! poison\s liquor :i* ! /++ ,bee infuses into ! w\nd causes a f]m5tation1 att5d$ ) a swell+1 :i* cont9ues sometimes sev]al days2 b t may be prev5t$ by imm$iately pull+ out ! /+1 & enl>g+ ! puncture1 to let ! v5om\s matt] h room to escape4 ,_m no/rums h be5 recomm5d$ z cures--infallible cures1 ( c\rse--= ! /+ ( a ,bee1 a few ( :i* ,i w j m5tion2 premis+1 h[ev]1 t ,i myself nev] make use ( any ( !m2 =1 if by *ance a ,bee happ5s to /+ me1 :i* is v r>ely inde$ ! case1 ?\gh ,i nev] s mu* z cov] my face1 nor ev5 put on a pair ( gloves1 :5 op]at+ among ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,bees1 ,i extract ! /+ in/ant]1 & nev] aft]w>ds exp]i5ce ! lea/ pa91 nor suff] ! slighte/ inconv5i5ce4 ,b1 if ! /+ be suff]$ to rema9 9 ! fle%1 dur+ a few seconds only1 x is n v easy to /op ! inflammation & to allay ! pa94 ,an onion cut horizontally into ?9 slices1 & press$ closely to ! w\nd$ "p1 & r5ew$ at %ort int]vals1 has be5 acc\nt$ a good application4 ,if ! "p /ung be fir/ well-rubb$ ) "o ( ^? slices1 t w\ld p]haps h a soo?+ effect4 ,! juice ( ! planta9 is also said to be a specific2 olive oil is ano!r2 s is common salt2 s is laudanum2 s is spirits ( h>t%orn2 s is a solution ( sal ammoniac2 & s is *alk or :it5+4 ,! ,,doctor 7& :o s likely to prescribe prop]ly = ! case z ! ,doctor87 says,f common :it5+ proves an effectual rem$y aga9/ ! effects ( ! /+ ( a ,bee or wasp4 ,! :it5+ is to be moi/5$ ) cold wat]1 & imm$iately appli$4 ,x may be wa%$ (f 9 a few m9utes1 :5 nei!r pa9 nor swell+ w ensue4 ,footnote ,f3 ,see ,! ,doctor1 page #ae4 ,9 ,! ,api>ian's ,guide1 by ,j4 ,h4 ,payne1 publi%$ s9ce ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1 ,i f9d ! foll[+ novel mode ( treatm5t recomm5d$ z almo/ a p]fect cure1 & :i* is said to be z imm$iate z x is effectual4 ,! me?od ,i 7,j4 ,h4 ,payne1 ,esq47 h ( late adopt$1 by :i* ! pa9 is in/antly remov$1 & bo? ! swell+ & inflammation prev5t$1 is to pull out ! /+ z soon z possible1 & take a piece ( iron & heat x 9 ! fire1 or = want ( t1 take a live coal1 7if ( wood ! bett]1 because x la/s long]7 & hold x z ne> to ! place z ,i c possibly endure x1 = five m9utes2 if f ?is application a s5sation ( he>t 7qu]e heat7 %\ld be occasion$1 a little oil ( turp5t9e or g\l>d c]ate mu/ be appli$4 ,i h f\nd ! quick] ! application1 ! m effectual ! cure4,g ,footnote ,g3 ,see ! ,api>ian's ,guide1 pp4 #eh1 #ei4 ,pressure ) ! holl[$ end ( a small key1 or ) a p5cil-case1 is practis$ by "s un=tunates1 & is said to *eck ! circulation ( ! poison4 ,?is la/ mode ( treatm5t--i4 e4 pressure ) a small key1 or p5cil-case--! small] ! bett]--is ! simple/1 &1 if imm$iately adopt$1 is ,i believe ! v be/3 b its efficacy dep5ds ^u ! in/ant application ( ! key or p5cil-case to ! "p /ung1 by :i* ! poison\s matt] is n only prev5t$ f be+ absorb$ into ! sy/em1 b ! puncture is laid op51 & ! virus !reby express$ & entirely got rid ( m readily ?an by any o!r means4 ,accid5ts may sometimes happ51 & ! mo/ cauti\s & humane api>ian may occasionally receive a /+2 b g5tle treatm5t does n irritate ,bees2 & :5 n irritat$ !y h no disposition to use _! /+s4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,impregnation ,,( ,,! ,,que5-,,bee4 ,not)/&+ ! mo/ p]sev]+ att5tion ( ,hub] & ( o!r +5i\s api>ians1 & not)/&+ ! exp]im5ts & exp$i5ts _h rec\rse to1 to discov] ! secret1 x is /ill d\btful--x is /ill undiscov]$1 9 :at precise way ! ,que5-,bee becomes impregnat$4 ,no "o has ev] yet witness$ ! fact ( h] copulation ) a drone1 ei!r 9 ! hive or else:]e1--9 all probability no "o ev] w be witness to x2 consequ5tly ! contradictory conclusions api>ians h come to on ?is subject are unsatisfactory1 because unsupport$ by suffici5t & conv9c+ pro(s4 ,hub]1 aft] hav+ made a v>iety ( obs]vations & tri$ numb]less exp]im5ts to get at ! fact1 gives x z 8 op9ion--t ! impregnation ( ! ,que5 is accompli%$ by h] int]c\rse ) ! drone dur+ a flight 9 ! op5 atmosph]e2 b mode/ly /ates t he nev] witness$ ! act ( copulation4 ,on ?is la/ po9t ,i entirely co9cide ) him1 & firmly believe t no man ev] yet has be5 pres5t to confirm ! suppos$ fact2 nei!r c any p]son d5y ! possibility--n to say--! probability ( su* an union4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,mr4 ,hui% is an advocate = ! drones 9 ano!r way1 /at+ !m to be ! male ,bees1 & t !y fecundate--n ! ,que51 b all ! eggs ( ! ,que51 produc$ by h]1 ! ye> 9 :i* ! drones are br\ght into exi/5ce4 ,b ,mr4 ,hui% has n[h]e /at$1 9 8 mu* admir$ treatise on ,bees1 :at fecundates ^? eggs ( ! ,que5 :i* are produc$ by h] 9 ! abs5ce ( ! drones4 ,x is well-kn[n t ^? eggs d well & come to p]fection1 long aft] ! drones h ceas$ to exi/ 9 ! hive4 ,eggs are laid & matur$ into ,bees :5 !re is n "o drone 9 ! hive4 ,?is1 !re=e1 is an argum5t 9 fav\r ( ,mr4 ,hub]'s op9ion--namely--t ! ,que5 once impregnat$ rema9s s dur+ h] life1--& t1 z ! ,que5 lives "s ye>s1 ! drones are call$ into be+ to fecundate ! "y ,que5s1 br\ght into exi/5ce = purposes t w be notic$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,nei!r %\ld we ov]look ! s+ul> s]vices ( ! %ort-liv$ drones 9 o!r circum/ances ( ! colony2 = mo/ ess5tial is _! pres5ce 9 ! hive dur+ ! mon?s ( ,may1 ,june1 & ,july4 ,d we n 9 ^? mon?s behold ! extraord9>y rapidity ) :i* ! work+ ,bees leave _! hive 9 se>* ( mat]ials = _! v>i\s works8 ,s indefatigable are ^! admir$ insects1 aft] enri*+ _! commonweal?1 t 9 ! "t ( honey-dews1 sc>cely a me*anical lab\r] is left 9 ! hive4 ,n[1 7 x n = ! drones--^? l>ge bodi$ ,bees--:at w\ld become ( ! "y l>v !n 9 exi/5ce8 ,x w\ld und\bt$ly p]i%4 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 is ?is busy season at an end1 ?an ! total de/ruction ( ! drones takes place2 b n until ! animal heat :i* ! drones imp>t to ! hive has accel]at$ ! production ( ! "y ,bees1 & add$ ?\s&s ( !m to ! "m hive4 ,x is n possible t ! drones c influ5ce ! impregnation ( ! ,que5's eggs1 p>ticul>ly ^? eggs :i* are produc$ aft] ! total de/ruction ( ! drones1 :i* g5]ally takes place 9 ,augu/1 & sometimes 9 ! latt] end ( ,july4 ,^! lat] eggs are hat*$1 & br\ght to a /ate ( p]fection by ! cr[d$ population ( ! hive at t p]iod3 = a suffici5t numb] ( common ,bees1 t is--a well-populat$ hive1 w always br+ to p]fection ! ,que5's eggs t h be5 deposit$ 9 ! cells1 aft] ! total de/ruction ( ! drones4 ,?is seems to prove1 t !re is "s probable tru? 9 ,hub]'s op9ion respect+ ! ag5cy ( ! drones 9 ! procreation ( ,bees1 by _! sexual union ) ! ,que54 ,?\gh ,i 0 once incl9$ to diff] 9 op9ion ) ,hub] on ?is subject1 & ev5 w5t s f> z to v5ture to say ) ,hui%1 & 9 ,hui%'s own words--t ! ,que5 kn[s n coition1 & t %e is bo? virg9 & "m1,h f :at ,i h se5 9 my obs]vatory-hive ?is summ] 7#ahcb7 ,i am l$ to d\bt ! accuracy ( t rem>k1 & am dispos$ to lean to ,hub]'s doctr9e1 & to ?9k1 t !re may be m tru? 9 8 exp]im5ts ?an has hi!rto be5 aw>d$ to !m3 9 %ort1 ,i see no objection to ,hub]'s !ory1 al?\gh !re is no direct pro( ( ! copulation ( ! ,que5s ) ! drones4 ,all api>ians all[ t !re are male & female 9 a hive or /ock ( ,bees2--all admit--inde$1 x is impossible to d5y---t ,bees d increase & multiply at a prodigi\s rate1 & s fulfil ! ,div9e injunction2 ! only "q to be solv$ is ?is--,h[ is ! ,que5-,bee impregnat$8 ,?is secret 9 nature--if ^? matt]s1 or natural op]ations :i* we _c cle>ly expla91 :i*1 ?\gh 9 !mselves s5sible & gross1 may1 nev]!less1 be too subtile1 too ref9$1 = our obtuse und]/&+s to compreh5d1 & = our dull faculties to inve/igate1--if ^! may be call$ secrets 9 nature1 !re is a secret ( ?is description respect+ ! sexual union ( ,que5 & drone ,bees1 or1 at any rate1 respect+ ! mann] ( ! impregnation ( ! ,que5-,bee4 ,i condemn no man :o diff]s f me on ?is nice subject1 z ,i h no direct pro(1 ei!r t ,hub] is "r1 or t ,hui% is wrong1 9 _! surmises relative to ?is disputable matt]4 ,individually !y are m5 des]v+ ! highe/ respect2 _! lab\rs & p]sev]ance to ?r[ light ^u ?is my/ic bran* ( api>ian sci5ce des]ve ! utmo/ praise2 z also d ! lab\rs ( ! le>n$ & +5i\s ,dr4 ,bevan1 ^: treatise on ,bees ,i h read ) mu* pleasure2 & h occasionally ref]r$ to1 & %all aga9 make use ( x1 9 ?is my humble attempt4 ,we h all ex]t$ our be/ abilities to become ! fav\rites ( our patrons & fri5ds4 ,h[ mu* ea* ( u des]ves ! hon\rs conf]r$ on u1 is be/ kn[n to ^? :o h be5 mo/ b5efit$ by our unceas+ endeav\rs to improve & ext5d api>ian sci5ce4 ,my great object is--n to dispute ) ! naturali/1 ! philosoph]1 or ) ! api>ian1 h[ ! ,que5-,bee becomes impregnat$3 because1 be t z x may1 x is1 no d\bt1 consi/5t ) ! law ( nature1--x is1 no d\bt1 a "p ( t all-prevail+ law2 & ?\gh hi!rto undiscov]$1--hi!rto "o ( nature's gambols ) ! human m9d1 ,i d *]i% /rong hopes t ! obs]vatory-hive ,i h con/ruct$1 w on "s auspici\s1 future day1 disclose su* facts z w set ! matt] at re/ = ev]3 my great object at pres5t is--to endeav\r to improve ! culture ( ,honey-,bees1 & to lay be=e my read]s practical in/ructions = ! m humane1 & m pr(itable managem5t ( ^? int]e/+1 little insects4 ,footnote ,h3 ,see ,hui% on ,bees1 page #ac4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,sup]num]>y ,,que5s4 ,9 ! la/ *apt] we 7 at sea )\t a compass by :i* to /e] our c\rse aright1--) two pilots on bo>d1 'tis true2 "o ( !m a =eign]1 exp]i5c$ beyond mo/ o!r m51 ?\gh ag$1 & infirm1 & defective 9 8 eyesight1 b will+1 nev]!less1 nay--anxi\s to conduct u to our wi%$-= hav52 ! o!r1 ?\gh n inexp]i5c$1 less practis$1 x is ?\ght1 9 voyages ( discov]y1 & m v5turesome ?an 8 s5ior 9 ! (fice1 cont5d+ t ! respectable1 old g5tleman _h put u on a wrong tack1--t we 7 9 a wrong latitude1--t our reckon+ 0 incorrect1 & ev5 mak+ m]ry ) ! old man's infirmities4 ,p]plex$1 & d\bt+ 9 :om x is mo/ reasonable & safe/ to confide1 we seize ! helm ourselves & make to ! ne>e/ %ore1 & luckily l& on t]ra firma--t]ra cognita1 & are n[ approa*+ a field ) e corn] ( :i* we are ?or\ghly acqua9t$4 ,b metaphor ap>t1 le/ we %\ld n prop]ly su/a9 x4 ,!re is b "o reign+ ,que5 9 a colony ( ,bees at "o "t3 b previ\sly to sw>m+1 royal-cells are con/ruct$1 & provision made1 = ensur+ a successor to ! ,que5 t leads ! sw>m & emigrates1 :5 ! too-cr[d$ population1 & ov]-heat$ temp]ature ( ! hive1 r5d] su* emigration necess>y4 ,t x is ! old ,que5 t leaves ! hive ) a sw>m ,i am well conv9c$1 not)/&+ :at "s api>ians ass]t to ! contr>y4 ,to satisfy myself on ?is po9t1 ,i h sometimes 9 ! ev5+ ( ! day on :i* a hive has sw>m$1 at o!r times on ! second1 & at o!rs on ! ?ird day aft] t ev5t1 put ! p>5t-/ock "u1 or r1 ,i may say--ov] fumigation1 dissect$ & exam9$ ! combs & ,que5-cells m9utely1 & ! ,bees also1 & :5ev] ,i did f9d a ,que51 %e 0 inv>iably a "y "o2 b1 in/ead ( a ,que51 ,i h m frequ5tly f\nd a royal-cell j ready to give bir?1 z x 71 to a successor to t t _h left ! hive2 & 9 g5]al !re are sev]al ( ^! royal-cells conta9+ embryo ,que5s1 9 diff]5t /ates ( =w>dness3 s t x seems1 ,bees h an in/9ctive =esight :i* leads !m to provide aga9/ casualties1 = !y are g5]ally provid$ ) ! means ( br++ =? sup]num]>y ,que5s1 t 9 case ! fir/ t comes =? %\ld prove /]il1 %\ld be defective1 or 9 any way un=tunate1 or unfitt$ to assume ! sov]eignty ( ! hive1 !re may be o!rs ready to bur/ into be+1 & rem$y ! mis=tune t w\ld ensue1 7 !re b "o *ance ( a successor1 & 7 t "o *ance to prove abortive4 ,b no soon] is a "y ,que5 en?ron$1 z x 71 & e/abli%$ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! hive ?an ! sup]num]>y ones1 9 :atev] /age ( exi/5ce1 are all disc>d$1 & ca/ out ( ! colony1 ,mr4 ,port]1 ( ,c[bit1 has ?is ye> 7#ahcb7 pick$ up eight ( ^? disc>d$1 virg9 ,que5s1 toge!r ) ! old ,que51 :i* la/ 0 sorely mutilat$1 b n kill$--%e alone 0 ca/ out alive1 ! o!rs _h be5 kill$3 ^! n9e sup]num]>y ,que5s 7 all ca/ out ( "o f9e colony ( ,bees 9 ! c\rse ( two successive days4 ,t colony is a rem>kably prosp]\s "o1 & has n sw>m$4 ,i myself h obs]v$ no few] ?an tw5ty-f\r sup]num]>y1 virg9 ,que5s t 7 ca/ out ( "o ( my /ocks2 & t /ock is fl\ri%+1 & has n sw>m$3 & my respect$ fri5d1 ,mr4 ,salmon1 ( ,/okef]ry1 in=ms me t he once collect$ upw>ds ( ?irty ( ^! "y ,que5s2 :e!r 8 /ock sw>m$ or n ,i am unable to /ate positively1 b presume x did n2 =1 g5]ally speak+1 :5 sup]num]>y1 virg9 ,que5s are ca/ out ( a colony1 x may be consid]$ z an indication t t colony is n only prosp]\s1 b t sw>m+ is n contemplat$--9 fact1 is ab&on$ = t season4 ,! "q !n is--h[ are ,bees to be manag$1 9 ord] t !y may be induc$ to rid !mselves ( ^! sup]num]>ies8 ,! relation ( ! foll[+ practical lesson w bo? answ] ! "q1 & exemplify & confirm ! =ego+ rem>ks4 ,x has already be5 relat$ 79 pages #fb-ff7 t 9 #ahbf ,i =c$ a colony ( ,bees to sw>m1--t ,i return$ t sw>m to its p>5t-/ock1 & manag$ s z to prev5t its sw>m+ 9 future1--& t two royal nymphs 7 ca/ out on t occasion4 ,to prove :e!r ,i c\ld n accompli% ! same object1 & prev5t sw>m+ altoge!r1 ,i _h rec\rse to ! foll[+ exp]im5t4 ,on ! #bf? ( ,june1 #ahbg1 at "o o'clock p4m4 ! !rmomet]1 9 "o ( my colonies ( ,bees1 sudd5ly rose to #if4 ,! progressive rise & con/antly high temp]ature 9 t colony1 dur+ ! ev5+ & night1 toge!r ) ! extraord9>y weight ( ! hive1 induc$ me to suspect t sw>m+1 if n prev5t$1 w\ld %ortly take place4 ,n1 h[ev]1 p]ceiv+ any ( ! symptoms t usually prec$e ! imm$iate act ( sw>m+1 ,i suff]$ matt]s to g on until ! #f? ( ,july1 on :i* day ! !rmomet] /ood at #ajb4 ,! drones came out & sung _! m]ry tune2 & dur+ ! :ole night ! temp]ature ( ! colony cont9u$ to increase4 ,on ! next day unequivocal symptoms ( sw>m+ pres5t$ !mselves4 ,^! urg$ me to pu% my exp]im5t to ! highe/ pit* ( pro(2 ,i !re=e w5t on n>r[ly wat*+ & v5tilat+ ?is /ock1 until ! #aj? ( ,july1 :51 9 spite ( my endeav\rs to keep d[n ! temp]ature by m]ely v5tilat+ ! !rmomet] 0 /&+ at #aab1 consequ5tly ,i conclud$ t x 0 high "t to lay ?is prosp]\s colony "u contribution2 & 9 ! ev5+ ( t day1 ,i took f x a beautifully f9i%$ glass ( honey1 z pure z ! cry/al /ream2 its weight 0 sixte5 p\nds4 ,i cont9u$ v5tilat+ ! side-boxes1 & plac$ an empty bell-glass ^u ! middle "o1 f :i* ,i _h j be=e tak5 ! full "o1 ,i !n )drew ! divid+-slide1 & ! ,bees imm$iately ent]$ ! glass1 & began _! works 9 x1 & 9 f\r days fill$ x ) comb1 & p>tly fill$ ! cells ) honey4 ,on ! six? day aft] ^? op]ations _h be5 p]=m$1 a cont9uance ( ! =m] temp]ature demon/rat$ to me ! necessity ( tak+ away a side-box4 ,i did s1 & f\nd its weight to be no less ?an sixty-five p\nds4 ,on remov+ ! box ( honey1 ,i replac$ x ) an empty "o2 & on draw+ up ! t9-slide1 9 ord] to admit ! ,bees into ! empty box1 to my great gratification ,i f\nd ! !rmomet] /&+ at #hb 9 t box1 & 9 ! space ( five m9utes ! o!r collat]al-box 0 "u ! same agreeable temp]ature4 ,by ?is cont9u$ v5tilation1 )9 ! %ort space ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft]w>ds1 ,i asc]ta9$ ! foll[+ important fact1--viz4--t no soon] did ! ,que5-,bee feel ! agreeable *ange t _h tak5 place 9 ! int]ior ( h] domicil1 ?an ! royal nymph 0 dislodg$ f its cell1 & by ! ,bees br\ght out ( ! pavilion1 & laid lifeless on ! front-bo>d4 ,?is fact taught me by exp]im5t1 t ! reign+ ,que5 w\ld v soon1 f real necessity1 h be5 compell$ to leave ! n[ disc>d$ nymph to take possession ( ! hive4 ,! ,que51 ow+ to ! excessive & daily increas+ heat ( ! hive1 w\ld h left h] weal?y colony--w\ld h be5 compell$ to leave x--_h n ! v5tilation1 & ! enl>gem5t ( h] domicil1 prev5t$ ! pa9ful necessity ( h] s do+4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 proves ! tru? ( ! obs]vation--t x is ! old ,que5 :i* leaves1 :5 ,bees are compell$ to sw>m2 b1 if n1 ! foll[+ exp]im5tal op]ations h demon/rat$ ! fact4 ,i h unit$ _m sw>ms1 & e sov]eign ,bee ,i h be5 "u ! necessity ( mak+ a captive1 has inv>iably be5 an old "o4 ,on ! #be? ( ,june1 #ahbh1 ,i took up a p>5t-/ock1 f\r days aft] x _h ?r[n (f a sw>m1 & !re f\nd only ! royal nymph )9 its cradle--!re 0 no ,que5 left 9 t /ock1 save ! "o 9 embryo--! old ,que5 _h gone ) ! sw>m4 ,?is lesson caus$ me to c>ry my exp]im5ts f>!r4 ,hav+ tak5 up ! p>5t-/ock1 z j /at$1 ,i unit$ all ! work+ ,bees ( t /ock to ^? ( ! sw>m already m5tion$1 & ,i also put ! "y l>v f\nd 9 ! p>5t-/ock1 to ! n[ unit$-/ock2 ,i !n plac$ ! int5d$ royal species--! nymph already m5tion$--) ! rema9d] ( ! "y brood1 9 "o ( ! collat]al-boxes1 & imm$iately let ! od\r ( ! /ock ?r\gh ! communicat+ slide4 ,to my great satisfaction ,i discov]$ ! will+ness ( ! old ,bees to br+ to p]fection ! "y !y _h be5 compell$ to leave 9 _! =m] domicil4 ,! royal nymph1 h[ev]1 0 an exception2 %e alone 0 in/antly dragg$ f h] cell1 & ca/ out ( ! hive4 ,?is confirm$ ! pro( ( ! important fact ga9$ ! prec$+ ye>1--namely--t v5tilation & ! means ( divid+ ! treasures ( ! ,bees1 by tak+ (f a glass or a box ( honey1--or1 if necess>y1 by tak+ (f bo? a glass & a box1 set aside ! necessity = sw>m+4 ,on all occasions1 "u ?is practice1 a prop] temp]ature may be support$ 9 a colony2 & 9 all critical po9ts1 by a j obs]vation ( ! /ate ( ! !rmomet]1 ,bees may be reliev$ & assi/$1 & all ! mis*iefs att5d+ ! old mode ( managem5t may be gu>d$ aga9/ & prev5t$4 ,= :5 adequately reliev$ & prop]ly assi/$1 !y proce$ to rid ! colony ( all embryo ,que5s1 :i* w\ld only become s _m sup]num]>ies 9 a hive :]e ! reign+ ,que5 is f]tile1 & ! necessity = emigration is sup]s$$4 ,b1 unless ,bees c\ld be made to und]/& t accommodation w be ext5d$ to !m at ! prop] "t1 !y1 guid$ by _! s5se ( _! situation--n by ours--naturally & wisely provide _! own means ( reliev+ !mselves2 & 9 s do+ frequ5tly br+ =? :at aft]w>ds become sup]num]>y ,que5s1 :i* are inv>iably de/roy$ & ca/ out ( ! colony1 z soon z ! ,bees are s5sible t !y h no occasion = !m4 ,&1 :5ev] a royal nymph or a virg9 ,que5 is ?us ca/ out1 sw>m+ ne$ n be appreh5d$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,bee-,,fe$+4 ,neglect$ g5]ally1 z is ! managem5t ( ,bees by _! cottage possessors1 !re is no "p ( x less att5d$ to1 nor m slov5ly p]=m$1 :5 p]=m$ at all1 ?an t ( fe$+4 ,! cottag] commonly takes up1 z he t]ms x1 8 be/ hives = ! sake ( ! treasures !y conta91 or are suppos$ to conta94 ,?is is de/roy+ ,bees because !y are ri*6 ,he also takes up ! lighte/ & poore/--( c\rse ! late sw>ms--& ^? t are ! lea/ likely to live ?r\gh ! w9t]2 because if he get f "o ( ^! b two or ?ree p\nds ( honey1 ?\gh he seldom gets s mu*1 & a few ounces ( wax1 he ?9ks t t is all cle> ga93 &1 if he get nei!r honey nor wax1 he1 at any rate1 gets rid ( ! exp5se & tr\ble ( fe$+ 8 good-=-no?+ sw>ms1 :i*1 9 8 op9ion1 h[ev] f$1 w\ld nev] come to any good4 ,a p5nywor? ( brim/one w d ! job at once1 & is m easily paid = ?an a p\nd ( sug>1 & aft] t ano!r1 & p]haps ano!r4 ,su* is ! reason+1 & calculation1 & cruel practice ( ! g5]ality ( cottage ,bee-keep]s6 ,su* is ! de/ruction annually dealt out to hundr$s ( poor sw>ms1 & ?\s&s & millions ( poor ,bees66 ,i d f my he>t pity & deplore ! untimely fate ( ^! suffocat$1 innoc5t1 valuable insects4 ,to de/roy ,bees because !y are ri* is a b>b>\s practice1 & ought by all means to be disc\nt5anc$ & discont9u$2--to de/roy ,bees because !y are poor & may ne$ support1 is cruel---is inhuman--is %ock+1 h[ev] little may be ?\ght ( x by ^? :o /ill adh]e to ?is practice4 ,ev5 ) ! common /raw-hives1 ?is t]rible havoc among poor /ocks & late sw>ms might be prev5t$1 if !y1 :o happ5 to h !m1 w\ld s f> improve !mselves 9 ! practical managem5t ( an api>y1 z to be able to fumigate1 & to take su* ,bees out ( ! hives conta9+ !m1 & to jo9 !m to _! ri*] /ock-hives1 9 ! latt] end ( ,augu/1 or any "t 9 ,septemb]4 ,?is is by f> ! be/ plan t c be adopt$ ) poor hives2 & !re really is no difficulty 9 ! op]ation4 ,?is /r5g!ns ! population ( ri* /ocks1 & causes !m to sw>m e>ly 9 ! ensu+ spr+1 x pres]ves ! ,bees1 :i* is ( itself1 indep5d5tly ( ! advantages accru+ f x aft]w>ds1 a consid]ation t nev] %\ld be lo/ sight (1--x leaves ! cont5ts ( ! fumigat$ hive1 z absolutely 9 ! possession ( ! ,bee-own]1 z if ! ,bees _h be5 suffocat$ & de/roy$1--& 9 mo/ cases x entirely does away ) ! necessity ( fe$+4 ,i confess ,i %\ld rejoice greatly1 & flatt] myself t e fri5d ( humanity w\ld rejoice ) me1 to see ?is mode ( dispos+ ( weak hives univ]sally adopt$2 because1 x may be presum$1 t ! next /ep 9 ! way ( improvem5t w\ld be to take away ! sup]abundant treasure ( ! ,bees & /ill pres]ve !m4 ,not)/&+1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances x w always be necess>y1 & judici\s 9 ,bee-ma/]s1 to h rec\rse to fe$+4 ,if1 = in/ance1 aft] an e>ly sw>m is put into a hive1 or into a box1 two or ?ree or m cold1 ung5ial days %\ld foll[1 & m p>ticul>ly if ^? days %\ld happ5 to be ra9y also1 by fe$+ su* a sw>m y w assi/ y\r impov]i%$ lab\r]s1 n only ) necess>y food1 b ) mat]ials & treasure1 :i*1 un=tunately = !m1 !y _c at su* an unfav\rable juncture get abroad to collect else:]e4 ,diff]5t api>ians h adopt$ & recomm5d$ diff]5t ways ( fe$+ ,bees1 none ( :i*1 9 my op9ion1 possess any great m]it2 9 ord]1 !re=e1 to improve ?is "p ( ,bee-managem5t1 my endeav\rs h be5 direct$ to ! contrivance & con/ruction ( a fe$+ dep>tm5t2 :i* is atta*$ to my collat]al-hives 9 s conv5i5t a mann]1 t ,i c fe$ my ,bees1 at any "t :5 fe$+ is requir$--9 spr+1 9 autumn1 or 9 w9t]1 )\t di/urb+ ! position ( ! hive1 & )\t *ang+ its int]ior temp]ature2 :i* temp]ature _c be kept equable & com=table1 :]e a hive is frequ5tly lift$ up f its /&1 & its int]ior is sudd5ly expos$ to ! action ( p]haps an extremely cold atmosph]e4 ,besides1 a hive _c be lift$ up )\t break+ ! propolis by :i* x has be5 cem5t$ all r\nd & made fa/ to its /ool4 ,9 %>p1 cold wea!r1 disruption ( ! hive f its /ool is a s]i\s mis*ief done to ! ,bees2 because1 h[ev] c>efully x maybe set d[n aga91 !re w h be5 made _m v5ts & crevices betwe5 ! edge ( ! hive & ! /ool1 :i* w occasion v>i\s curr5ts ( air1 cold1 fro/y1 or o!r--prop] or improp]--to be cont9ually pass+ ?r\gh ! l[] "p ( ! hive4 ,& %\ld ,bees be tempt$ by food1 or urg$ by hung]1 to desc5d into ^! curr5ts 9 %>p1 fro/y wea!r1 b few ( !m w get away alive2 ! ke5 air act+ ^u !m :il/ fe$+1 p>alyzes & kills !m4 ,i am an advocate = keep+ ,bees cool 9 w9t]--yes1 cool & /ill also3 let !m n be di/urb$ nor disunit$1--let !m n be =c$ nor tempt$ to 7if ,i may s say7 unclu/] !mselves4 ,i h no objection to a curr5t ( air pass+ ?r\gh ! l[] "p ( a hive 9 w9t]1 provid$ ! ,bees be n di/urb$--be n expos$ s+ly to its nipp+ influ5ce2 b ,i /rongly object to ! fe$+ ( ,bees 9 su* curr5ts1 because1 9 t case1 fe$+ is prejudicial to !m4 ,! cottag] seldom protects 8 hives 9 w9t] ) any o!r cov]+ ?an t :i* a pot1 call$ a pan*eon1 :elm$ ov] ea* hive1 =ms2 capp$ ) ?is unsightly piece ( e>!nw>e1 8 hives are expos$ to all wea!rs2 consequ5tly ! less he di/urbs !m ! bett]4 ,he !re=e %\ld give 8 weak /ocks a copi\s fe$+1 9 ,septemb] at ! late/1--n mole/ !m dur+ ! sev]ity ( w9t]1--b 9 ! spr+1 z soon z ! ,bees beg9 to make _! appe>ance at ! m\? ( 8 hives1 introduce 8 wood5 tr\gh furni%$ ) a little ,bee-sirup1 & !n close up ! entrance1--)draw ! tr\gh 9 ! morn+1 & return x repl5i%$ e ev5+1 z long z fe$+ is necess>y4 ,te>+ (f a hive at ,*ri/mas1 & scatt]+ a few ounces ( br[n sug> ^u ! /&1 & !n sett+ d[n ! hive aga91 des]ves n ! "n ( fe$+2 ?\gh x is all ! b\nty t is be/[$ on "s /ocks2 & is ev5 m ?an o!rs are treat$ )4 ,x ne$ n !n be wond]$ at t s _m /ocks ( ,bees p]i% 9 ! w9t]1 & 9 ! spr+ ( e ye>4 ,by judici\s fe$+1 at prop] seasons1 almo/ any /ock ( ,bees may be pres]v$3 by injudici\s fe$+1 at an improp] season1 ev5 good /ocks--/ocks t w\ld survive1 if n f$ at all1 nor mole/$1 dur+ ! dep? & sev]ity ( w9t]1 may be s]i\sly injur$--may be totally de/roy$4 ,! peasant ,bee-keep]1 h[ev]1 does n (t5 subject himself to ! *>ge complim5tal ( be+ access>y to ! dea? ( 8 ,bees ?r\gh mi/ak5 k9dness4 ,! sum & sub/ance ( my directions1 z respects ,bee-fe$+1 are ^!3-- #a4 ,9 spr+ fe$ sp>+ly4 #b4 ,9 autumn fe$ pl5tifully4 #c4 ,9 w9t] d n fe$ at all4 #d4 ,fe$ sw>ms1 if unseasonable wea!r imm$iately foll[ ! act ( sw>m+4 #e4 ,pres]ve ! ,bees ( weak /ocks1 & prev5t a great deal ( ! necessity = fe$+1 by add+ !m to ^? t are ri* & able to support !m4 ,?is la/ is ! be/ & *eape/1 nay--x is ev5 a pr(itable me?od ( fe$+ ,bees4 ,e>ly sw>m+1 :]e sw>m+ is necess>y z 9 ! /raw-hive colonies1 is ( great advantage to ! wat*ful api>ian1 b n to ! inatt5tive & slo?ful manag]4 ,i h se5 9 a cottag]'s g>d5 a sw>m ( ,bees on ! #aj? ( ,may1 :i* 0 consid]ably weak] 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 ?an 0 a sw>m on ! #aj? ( ,july1 & t solely on acc\nt ( n be+ f$ & prop]ly att5d$ to4 ,if e>ly sw>ms are judici\sly f$1 & support$ by a natural heat )91 !y w be greatly b5efitt$ !reby1 & ev5tually prosp]4 ,b1 not)/&+ :at has be5 already said1 ! cottag] may probably ask--h[ c ,i fe$ my ,bees )\t lift+ up _! hive8 ,i aga9 & aga9 reque/ him to exam9e my collat]al box-hive2 & he w p]ceive t he may easily fe$ ! ,bees 9 8 cottage-hive 9 ! same easy mann]1 if he h b +5uity en\gh to atta* a prop] fe$] to ! /ool or floor ( 8 hive4 ,mr4 ,hui% advises api>ians to make *oice ( a f9e & w>m day 9 :i* to fe$ ,bees1 he says1 ! dang] to be appreh5d$ f ! *ange ( ! temp]ature 9 ! hive w !reby be obviat$4 ,?is1 ,i grant1 is rational & humane1 & 9 "s degree a confirmation ( my already express$ op9ion1 respect+ ! mis*iefs result+ f ! inconsid]ate practice ( expos+ ! int]ior ( a hive to sudd5 & extreme alt]nations ( temp]ature4 ,b x matt]s n :at sort ( wea!r x may be1 if my mode ( fe$+ be adopt$4 ,i fe$ my ,bees 9 _! native temp]ature1 )\t di/urb+ !m or expos+ _! food to ! temptation ( robb]s1 :i* fe$+ 9 ! ord9>y way s frequ5tly enc\rages1 dur+ ! spr+ & autumnal seasons2 & x is at ^! times t ,bees /& 9 mo/ ne$ ( assi/ance4 ,9 ! ye> #ahbh1 ,i pur*as$ a cottage-hive ( a neighb\r1 x 0 a l>ge hive1 & well-/ock$ ) ,bees1 b extremely light2 ,i 0 fe>ful = ! safety ( its inmates1 &1 !re=e1 plac$ x ov] "o ( my fe$]s2 9 ord] to give !m support by fe$+1 ,i plac$ ! sirup int5d$ = _! food b5ea? ! hive2 b to my great surprise ! ,bees refus$ to take ! pr(f]$ b\nty4 ,i p]sev]$ 9 my endeav\rs to induce !m to fe$ = f\r days1 b !y w\ld n t\* ! well-int5d$ boon3 ,i !re=e resolv$ to asc]ta9 ! cause ( _! refusal1 & on turn+ up ! hive ,i discov]$ t ?\s&s ( ! ,bees 7 9 a dy+ /ate1 ,i _h ! curiosity to take ! :ole ( !m out s+ly4 ,aft] sev]al h\rs' p>ticul> att5tion & pati5t se>*1 ,i f\nd ! ,que5 0 dead4 ,i !n unit$ ! weak1 enfeebl$ ,bees to a ri* /ock1 & !y ne>ly all recov]$ _! /r5g?4 ,_! numb]s greatly assi/$ 9 ! lab\r ( ! hive to :i* !y 7 jo9$4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t if any accid5t befal _! ,que5 9 w9t]1 x is total ru9 to t /ock ( ,bees3 :]e su* a dea? is discov]$1 fe$+ w avail no?+1 ! ,bees dw9dle away & p]i%4 ,mr4 ,hui% says--& he is p]fectly correct 9 say+--t !re are "s p]sons :o def] ! fe$+ ( _! ,bees until ! mom5t !y suppose t !y may be 9 actual want4 ,?is is a mo/ repreh5sible plan2 = %\ld fe$+ be too long delay$1 ! ,bees w become s weak & debilitat$1 t !y w be unable to convey ! food into _! cells3 ! food ought to be adm9i/]$ to poor /ocks1 ?ree weeks or a mon? be=e !y may be suppos$ to be 9 actual want2 x w !n be convey$ ) ! greate/ despat* into ! cells1 & ! hive w be sav$ f a dea? ( fam9e4 ,he !n goes on to obs]ve--t "s api>ians conceive t ! fe$+ ( ,bees 9 ! spr+ r5d]s !m lazy & inactive4 ,on :at ?is op9ion is gr\nd$ he is at a loss to conjecture1 z mu/ be e practical api>ian2 = x is 9 direct contradiction1 n only to ,mr4 ,hui%'s exp]i5ce1 b also to t ( _m o!r api>ians4 ,a little food grant$ to a popul\s1 & ev5 well-provision$ box or hive 9 ! spr+1 is att5d$ ) v b5eficial consequ5ces4 ,x diffuses animation & vig\r ?r\gh\t ! :ole community2--x accel]ates ! bre$+ ( ! ,que5--& consequ5tly conduces to ! production ( e>ly sw>ms1 :]e room is n previ\sly giv5 9 ord] to prev5t sw>m+ altoge!r4 ,,bee-,,food4 ,artificial food prop] = ,bees may be made by mix+ co>se1 raw sug>1 & good1 s\nd ale1 9 ! foll[+ proportions3-- ,to a qu>t ( ale add a p\nd & a half ( sug>1 g5tly boil !m1 9 a sweet1 well-t9n$ saucepan1 ov] a fire cle> f smoke1 = five or six m9utes1 or until ! sug> be dissolv$ & ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) ! ale2 &1 dur+ ! process ( boil+1 skim (f ! dross t rises to ! surface4 ,"s p]sons boil ^! +r$i5ts mu* long]1 & until !y become1 :5 cool1 a ?ick1 clammy sirup2 ?is n only dim9i%es ! quantity ( ! mixture1 b r5d]s x r disadvantage\s1 to weak ,bees 9 p>ticul>1 by clogg+ & plagu+ !m1 if1 z !y are almo/ sure to d1 !y get _! legs or w+s daub$ ) x4 ,i pref] sirup 9 a m liquid /ate4 ,= spr+ fe$+1 ,i advise--t n m ?an a p\nd ( sug> be put to a qu>t ( ale1 or sweet wort1 if x c be obta9$1 & t a small quantity ( common salt be add$4 ,by a small quantity ,i mean--a dra*m or two at ! mo/ to a qu>t ( ! sirup4 ,salt1 x has be5 said1 is conducive to ! heal? ( ,bees1 & ! mo/ efficaci\s rem$y = ! dys5t]y1 :i* sometimes affects ,bees 9 ! spr+2 !re=e1 x may n be amiss to put a little salt into _! food1 by way ( prev5tive1 r ?an to h rec\rse to x aft]w>ds z a rem$y4 ,speak+ ( ! sub/ances :i* are prop] = ! fe$+ ( ,bees1 ,mr4 ,hui% says,i--he is p]fectly conv9c$ t honey alone is v injuri\s to ,bees1 z x 9 g5]al gives !m ! dys5t]y4 ,:e!r by ?is extraord9>y passage ,mr4 ,hui% has1 or has n1 subject$ himself to ! la% ( 8 own ridicule1 x w\ld be hyp]critical & unbecom+ 9 me to det]m9e4 ,z an api>ian ,i respect him2 9 no o!r "* am ,i acqua9t$ ) him4 ,8 "w on ! managem5t ( ,bees ,i h read1 & h d]iv$ in=mation & occasionally assi/ance f "s ( its pages4 ,!re are 9 x1 nev]!less1 sev]al unt5able positions1 ( :i* ,i consid] ! above-quot$ passage to be "o3 &1 if :at he has rem>k$ some:at s>ca/ically1 9 a note at ! foot ( page #ca1 be read 9 conjunction ) ?is passage1 x w be = ! c&id read]1 api>ian1 or o!r1 to decide :e!r ,mr4 ,hui% 9 propri p]son does n1 oddly en\gh1 exemplify 8 own rem>k4 ,x is !re said--t !re is no wond] 9 nature :i* an api>ian has n se54 ,pr(ess$ly an api>ian himself1 he mu/ h se5 "s1 at lea/1 ( ! wond]s 9 nature1 o!rwise he nev] c\ld h be5 p]fectly conv9c$--t honey--honey alone--! v sub/ance :i* ,bees1 guid$ by ! in/9ct ( _! nature1 collect ) s mu* indu/ry1 & /ore up ) s mu* c>e1 = _! subsi/5ce1 %\ld be v injuri\s to !m1 & 9 g5]al give !m ! dys5t]y4 ,f ?is x seems t ! sub/ance1 :i* is ! natural food = "o /ock ( ,bees1 is physic = ano!r1 if n poison66 ,i _c b express my a/oni%m5t t a g5tleman1 s acute & exp]i5c$ z ,mr4 ,hui% und\bt$ly is1 %\ld h ass]t$ 9 ! mo/ unqualifi$ mann]--t honey alone is v injuri\s to ,bees4 ,7 ?is ! fact1 ri* /ocks1 & all /ocks t subsi/ ^u honey alone dur+ w9t]1 w\ld 9 g5]al be affect$ ) dys5t]y 9 ! spr+1 :i* c]ta9ly is n ! case4 ,9 g5]al ri* /ocks are heal?y & /rong 9 ! spr+4 ,pov]ty is ! pr$ispos+ cause ( dys5t]y among ,bees3 a regul> supply ( _! natural--_! peculi> food1 does n induce dys5t]y or disease ( any sort4 ,_h ,mr4 ,hui% analyz$ ! honey giv5 to ,bees z food1 & :i* induc$ dys5t]y1 he w\ld1 ,i suspect1 h discov]$ t x 0 n honey alone1 b--m$icat$ honey--honey & brim/one1 or honey /rongly t9ctur$ ei!r ) brim/one or tobacco4 ,t honey1 t9ctur$ ) ! p]nici\s qualities ( ^? sub/ances1 %\ld h a laxative effect ^u impov]i%$1 debilitat$ ,bees1 is no m ?an might be expect$3 b !n x is n ! honey t has ! injuri\s effect1 b ! ess5ce ( ! brim/one or ( ! tobacco t is adm9i/]$ along ) x4 ,:at effect honey1 t has n be5 /ov$ & saturat$ ) brim/one or ) tobacco1 may h ^u weak ,bees1 :5 giv5 to !m = spr+ food1 ,i pret5d n to det]m9e1 because ,i h nev] tri$ ! exp]im5t4 ,b ,i d say t be=e ! arrival ( spr+1 honey1 t has be5 dra9$ or express$ f ! comb1 und]goes f]m5tation1 & t f]m5tation may1 = aught ,i "k1 imp>t to x physical prop]ties1 :i* 9 its pure1 liquid1 un*ang$ /ate1 9 ! w>m hive1 x does n possess4 ,i am n *emi/ en\gh to v5ture to ass]t t x is s1 b ,i ?9k x highly probable t f]m5tation may alt] ! prop]ties ( honey1 & p]haps may r5d] x un:olesome to ,bees4 ,b fre%1 unf]m5t$ honey1 ev5 t 9 ! blacke/ & olde/ combs--! v refuse1 & all su* z ! cottage-h\sewife makes into common mead1 if spread ^u l>ge di%es & plac$ 9 an api>y1 w be banquet$ ^u by ! ,bees 9 ! mo/ eag] mann]1 & is app>5tly mu* enjoy$ by !m4 ,!y soon c>ry into _! hives :at !y d n consume on ! spot1 & suff] no inconv5i5ce :atev] f ! treat4 ,i h fea/$ my ,bees 9 ?is way scores ( times1 & e/eem x ! v be/ mode ( autumnal fe$+1 & ! mo/ pr(itable way ( dispos+ ( brok5 combs & refuse honey4 ,honey alone is ! natural food ( ,bees1 & if giv5 to !m pure & unta9t$1 9 its primitive1 limpid /ate1 s f> f be+ injuri\s1 x is highly b5eficial to !m2 ( ?is ,i h n ! %ad[ ( a d\bt4 ,= autumnal fe$+1 ,i pref] honey to all o!r sub/ances1 & recomm5d x z ! mo/ prop] food t c be giv5 to !m4 ,footnote ,i3 ,hui% on ,bees1 page #bgb4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,catalogue ,,( ,,bee-,,fl[]s1 ,c4 ,f ! acc\nt ( ! mode ( supply+ ,bees ) artificial food1 to ! enum]ation ( su* trees1 plants1 & fl[]s z are mo/ frequ5t$ by ,bees1 = ! purpose ( cull+ f !m ! v>i\s sub/ances1 :i* _! necessities1 _! nature1 or _! in/9ct 7:i* is a "p ( _! nature7 urge !m to seek =1 ! transition is s easy & natural--is s ak9 to ! subject ( ,bee-fe$+1 z to be r a cont9uation !re( ?an a transition to a fre% "o2 ,i !re=e proce$ to give a catalogue ( ^? trees & plants :i* af=d pabulum = ,bees4 ,x is furni%$ pr9cipally f my own ocul> obs]vation1 & is p>tly collect$ f ! obs]vation ( o!rs1 ^: curiosity has l$ !m to pay att5tion to ! subject1 & to make rem>ks ^u x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ald]-tree ,cel]y ,almond-tree ,*]ry-tree ,al!a frutex ,*esnut-tree ,alyssum ,*ickwe$ ,am>an?us ,clov] ,apple-tree ,cole or colese$ ,apricot-tree ,coltsfoot ,arbutus 7alp9e7 ,cori&] ,a%-tree ,crocus ,asp>agus ,cr[foot ,asp9 ,cr[n-imp]ial ,cucumb] ,balm ,currants ,bean ,cypress-tree ,bee*-tree ,betony ,daffodil ,blackb]ry ,d&elion ,black-currant-tree ,dogb]ry-tree ,borage ,box-tree ,eld]-tree ,bramble ,elm-tree ,broom ,endive ,bugloss 7vip]'s7 ,buck:eat ,f5nel ,burnet ,furze ,cabbage ,gold5rod ,caulifl[] ,gooseb]ry-tree ,g\rd 99 99 99 99 99 ,haw?orn ,mall[ 7m>%7 ,hazel-tree ,m>igold 7,fr5*7 ,hea? ,m>igold 7s+le7 ,holly ,maple-tree ,holly-hock 7trumpet7 ,m>joram 7sweet7 ,honey-suckle ,melilot ,honey-wort 7c]9!7 ,melon-tree ,hyac9? ,mez]eon ,hysop ,mignionette ,mu/>d ,ivy ,na/urtium ,jonquil ,nect>9e-tree ,nettle 7:ite7 ,kidney-bean ,oak-tree ,laurel ,onion ,lauru/9us ,orange-tree ,lav5d] ,ozi] ,leek ,lemon-tree ,p>sley ,lily 7wat]7 ,p>snip ,lily 7:ite7 ,pea ,lime-tree ,pea*-tree ,liquidamb] ,pe>-tree ,liriod5drum1 or ,pepp]m9t ,tulip-tree ,plane-tree ,luc]ne ,plum-tree ,popl>-tree ,poppy ,primrose ,privet 99 99 99 99 99 ,radi% ,tacamahac ,ragwe$ ,tansy 7wild7 ,rasb]ry ,t>e ,rosem>y 7wild7 ,teasel ,roses 7s+le7 ,?i/le 7common7 ,rudbe*i ,?i/le 7s[7 ,?yme 7lemon7 ,saffron ,?yme 7wild7 ,sage ,trefoil ,sa9tfo9 ,turnip ,/4 ,john's wort ,savory 7w9t]7 ,vet* ,sn[drop ,sn[b]ry-tree ,violet 7s+le7 ,/ock 7s+le7 ,/rawb]ry ,wallfl[] 7s+le7 ,sunfl[] ,will[-h]b ,sycamore-tree ,will[-tree ,woad ,yell[ weasel-sn\t 99 99 99 99 99 ,( ^! "s are valuable = ! supply ( pabulum !y af=d ,bees e>ly 9 spr+2 z ! :ite alyssum1 broom1 crocus1 furze1 hazel1 lauru/9us1 mez]eon1 ozi]1 plane-tree1 popl>-tree1 sn[drop1 sycamore-tree1 ! will[-tree1 c4 ,o!rs aga9 are valuable on acc\nt ( ! lat5ess ( ! season t ,bees d]ive assi/ance f !m2 z ! gold5-rod1 hea?1 ivy1 lauru/9us1 mignionette1 ragwe$1 c4 ,"s ab\nd ) honey2 z borage1 buck:eat1 burnet1 colese$1 currant & gooseb]ry-trees1 hea?1 leek1 mignionette1 mu/>d1 onion1 ?yme1 ! blossoms ( apple1 apricot1 *]ry1 nect>9e1 pe>1 & plum-trees1 & ! leaves ( ^? trees rem>kable = :at is call$ honey-dew1 z ! asp91 blackb]ry1 laurel1 lauru/9us1 lime1 maple1 oak1 plane1 popl>1 & sycamore-tree4 ,among ^? t are ri* 9 poll51 may be class$--! arbutus1 a%1 blackb]ry1 box1 *esnut1 cypress1 eld]1 laurel1 m>%-mall[1 turnip1 c4 ,! cultivation ( "s ( ! mo/ valuable ( ^! is too-limit$ to be p>ticul>ly advantage\s to ,bees1 z alyssum1 borage1 burnet1 gold5-rod1 lauru/9us1 mez]eon1 mignionette1 c4 ,! mo/ ext5sive & la/+ ,bee-pa/urage 9 ?is c\ntry is clov]1 hea?1 & 9 my own imm$iate neighb\rhood mu/>d4 ,9 %ort1 e "o ( ! fl[]s1 c4 m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+ catalogue1 & o!rs innum]able1 are 9 _! turns resort$ to by ,bees1 & ( c\rse are m or less advantage\s to !m4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,honey-,,comb4 ,to excite our admiration ( ! indu/ry & +5uity ( ,bees1 we ne$ only take into our h&s a piece ( honey-comb1 & exam9e x att5tively4 ,its neatness1 its beauty1 its con/ruction1 ! simil>ity & exact proportion ( its d\ble web ( cells1 = a honey-comb is1 9 fact1 a web ( cell-"w on bo? sides1 are mo/ admirable1 & calculat$ to lead ! contemplative m9d f nature's "w up to nature's ,god4 ,:5 a sw>m ( ,bees is put into a hive1 or into a box1 !y imm$iately set ab\t con/ruct+ combs 9 x1 & proce$ 9 _! build+ "w ) a rapidity t is truly a/oni%+4 ,! cells t are opposite to ea* o!r are advanc$ alike3 ! "w on "o side is j z =w>d & 9 ! same /ate z t on ! o!r side4 ,9 ! cells fir/ f9i%$ ! ,que5 beg9s to deposit h] eggs4 ,9 an incr$ibly %ort space ( "t1 an imm5se numb] ( cells is complet$1 & ! ,bees /ore poll51 f>9a1 or ,bee-bread1 7:i* are s _m names = ! same sub/ance7 9 "s ( ^? n already occupi$ by eggs1 & 9 o!rs honey soon becomes visible3 all is activity1 indu/ry1 & app>5tly happ9ess4 ,b1 to come to p>ticul>s3-- ,z ,dr4 ,bevan1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 ma/]ly *apt] ,on ! ,ar*itecture ( ,bees1 has giv5 an engrav$ repres5tation ( a piece ( honey-comb1--& z ,mr4 ,hui% also has giv5 a some:at simil> repres5tation1 b bett] ?an ,dr4 ,bevan's1 inasmu* z x is m v>i$1 & %[s ! royal-cells 9 _! diff]5t /ages to m advantage1 & ! drone-cells likewise2--,i _c1 p]haps1 d ! honey-comb s mu* ju/ice 9 any way1 z by pres5t+ to my read] a copy ( ,mr4 ,hui%'s piece ( comb1 :i* has be5 greatly improv$ by ! skilful h& ( my engrav]1 & by giv+ along ) x ,dr4 ,bevan's able description4 ,?\gh aft] all1 a piece ( real comb1 to look at & exam9e1 is m beautiful & f> bett] ?an any engrav+ possibly c be1 h[ev] clev]ly x may be execut$3 & !re=e1 not)/&+ ! plate1 ,i w\ld recomm5d x to my read] to procure a piece ( real honey-comb1 & ) x 9 8 h& read ! foll[+ acc\nt1 :i* is *iefly f ,dr4 ,bevan's p54 ,illu/ration ,royal-cells 9 diff]5t /ates ( =w>dness1 common-cells1 & drone-cells1 are int5d$ to be sev]ally repres5t$ 9 ?is plate4 ,! ranges =m+ ! upp] half1 & m>k$--a4 are int5d$ to repres5t common brood-cells & honey-cells--mo/ ( !m 9 an empty /ate4 ,! l[] ranges1 m>k$--b4 are drone-cells1 & are repres5t$ z clos$ up1 & z !y appe> :5 full ( brood4 ,drone-cells1 :5 fill$ ) brood & seal$ up1 pres5t a full] & m convex surface ?an ! cells conta9+ common brood--^!1 t is--! cells conta9+ ! brood t becomes work+ ,bees1 are sometimes flat & ev51 & sometimes r concave4 ,! f\r l>ge cells1 atta*$ p]p5dicul>ly to ! edge ( ! comb1 & m>k$--c4 d4 e4 f4 are royal-cells 9 diff]5t /ates ( =w>dness2 t m>k$--c4 is simil> 9 size & %ape to an acorn-cup1 & is suppos$ to be q empty2 t m>k$--d4 is 9 a m advanc$ /ate1 & is suppos$ to conta9 a royal embryo1 9 its l>va /ate3 ! royal-cell1 m>k$--e4 is consid]ably l5g!n$1 n>r[$1 & ne>ly clos$1 because ! l>va x is suppos$ to conta9 is ab\t to be trans=m$ into a royal nymph1 9 :i* /age ( its exi/5ce1 z x does n require ! assi/ance ( nurses or common ,bees1 x is clos$ up entirely1 z 9 ! royal-cell1 m>k$--f4 ,9 ?is clos$ cell x progresses f nymph to ,bee1 & 9 due "t--t is1 9 ab\t sixte5 days f its be+ deposit$ z an egg1 x em]ges a virg9 ,que54 ,:5 ! temp]ature ( a hive1 or pavilion ( nature1 is at a prop] height--namely1 betwe5 #gj & #hj degrees1 sixte5 days is ! p]iod nature requires = ! production ( a ,que5-,bee1--tw5ty-"o = ! p]fection ( a work+ ,bee1--& tw5ty-six = a drone ,bee4 ,b1 z ,dr4 ,bevan v ju/ly rem>ks1 ! developm5t ( ea* species proce$s m sl[ly :5 ! colonies are weak1 or ! air cool1--& t :5 ! wea!r is v cold x is entirely susp5d$4 ,b to return f ?is %ort1 ?\gh x is hop$1 n un9t]e/+ digression1 into :i* ! explanation ( ! ,que5-cells has l$ u4 ,! combs ( ! ,bee-hive comprise a cong]ies ( hexagonal cells1 =m$ by ! ,bees1 z receptacles = honey or = embryo ,bees4 ,a honey-comb is all[$ to be "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ a*ievem5ts ( insect indu/ry1 & an admirable specim5 ( insect ar*itecture4 ,x has attract$ ! admiration ( ! contemplative philosoph] 9 all ages1 & awak5$ speculation1 n only 9 ! naturali/1 b also 9 ! ma!matician3 s regul>1 s p]fect1 is ! /ructure ( ! cells1 t x satisfies e condition ( a ref9$ problem 9 geometry4 ,/ill a review ( _! proce$+s w lead to ! conclusion1 z ,hub] has obs]v$1 t1 ! geometrical relations1 :i* app>5tly embelli% ! productions ( ,bees1 are r ! necess>y result ( _! mode ( proce$+1 ?an ! pr9ciple by :i* _! lab\r is guid$4 ,we mu/ !re=e conclude1 t ,bees1 al?\gh !y act geometrically1 und]/& nei!r ! rules nor ! pr9ciples ( ! arts :i* !y practise s skilfully1 & t ! geometry is n 9 ! ,bee1 b 9 ! great ,geometrician :o made ! ,bee1 & made all ?+s 9 numb]1 weight1 & measure4 ,be=e ! "t ( ,hub]1 no naturali/ _h se5 ! comm5cem5t ( ! comb1 nor trac$ ! sev]al /eps ( its progress4 ,aft] _m attempts1 he at l5g? succe$$ 9 atta9+ ! desir$ object2 by prev5t+ ! ,bees f =m+ _! usual imp5etrable curta9 by susp5d+ !mselves f ! top ( ! hive2 9 %ort1 he oblig$ !m to build upw>ds1 & 0 !reby enabl$1 by means ( a glass w9d[1 to wat* e v>iation & progressive /ep 9 ! con/ruction ( a comb4 ,ea* comb 9 a hive is compos$ ( two ranges ( cells1 back$ aga9/ ea* o!r3 ^! cells1 look+ at !m z a :ole1 may be said to h "o common base1 ?\gh no "o cell is oppos$ directly to ano!r4 ,?is base or p>tition1 betwe5 ! d\ble r[ ( cells1 is s dispos$ z to =m a pyramidal cavity at ! bottom ( ea*1 z w be expla9$ pres5tly4 ,! m\?s ( ! cells1 ?us rang$ on ea* side ( a comb1 op5 into two p>allel /reets 7!re be+ a cont9u$ s]ies ( combs 9 e well fill$ hive74 ,^! /reets are suffici5tly contract$1 to avoid wa/e ( room1 & to pres]ve a prop] w>m?1 yet wide en\gh to all[ ! passage ( two ,bees abrea/4 ,ap]tures ?r\gh diff]5t p>ts ( ! combs are res]v$ to =m ne> roads1 = cross+ f /reet to /reet1 :]eby mu* "t is sav$ to ! ,bees4 ,^! 9 firm phalanx ply _! tw9kl+ feet1 ,/ret* out ! ductile mass1 & =m ! /reet1 ,) _m a cross-way pa? & po/]n gate1 ,t %ort5 to _! range ! spread+ /ate4 ,evans4 ,bees1 z has be5 already obs]v$1 build _! cells ( an hexangul> =m1 hav+ six equal sides1 ) ! exception ( ! fir/ or upp]mo/ r[1 ! %ape ( :i* is an irregul> p5tagon1 ! ro( ( ! hive =m+ "o ( ! memb]s ( ! p5tagon4 ,!re are only ?ree possible figures ( ! cells1 says ,dr4 ,reid1 :i* c make !m all equal & simil>1 )\t any useless int]/ices4 ,^! are--! equilat]al triangle1 ! squ>e & ! regul> hexagon4 ,x is well-kn[n to ma!maticians1 t !re is n a f\r? way possible1 9 :i* a plane may be cut into little spaces1 t %all be equal1 simil>1 & regul>1 )\t hav+ any int]/ices4 ,( ^! ?ree geometrical figures1 ! hexagon mo/ completely unites ! prime requisites = insect ar*itecture4 ,! tru? ( ?is proposition 0 p]ceiv$ by ,pappus1 an em95t ,greek philosoph] & ma!matician1 :o liv$ at ,alex&ria1 9 ! reign ( ,!odosius ! ,great1 & its adoption by ,bees1 9 ! con/ruction ( honey-comb1 0 notic$ by t anci5t geometrician4 ,^! requisites are3-- ,fir/1 ,oeconomy ( mat]ials4 ,!re are no useless p>titions 9 a honey-comb1 ea* ( ! six lat]al panels ( "o cell =ms also "o ( ! panels ( an adjo9+ cell2 & ( ! ?ree rhombs :i* =m ! pyramidal base ( a cell1 ea* contributes "o ?ird t[>ds ! =mation ( ! bases ( ?ree oppos+ cells1 ! bottom or c5tre ( e cell re/+ aga9/ ! po9t ( union ( ! panels t are at ! back ( x4 ,secondly1 ,oeconomy ( room2 no int]/ices be+ left betwe5 adjo9+ cells4 ,?irdly1 ! greate/ possible capacity or int]nal space1 consi/5t ) ! two =m] desid]ata4 ,f\r?ly1 ,oeconomy ( mat]ials & economy ( room produce economy ( lab\r4 ,& 9 addition to ^! advantages1 ! cells are con/ruct$ 9 ! /ronge/ mann] possible1 consid]+ ! quantity ( mat]ials employ$4 ,bo? ! sides & bases are s exquisitely ?91 t ?ree or f\r plac$ on ea* o!r are n ?ick] ?an a leaf ( common writ+ pap]2 ea* cell1 sep>ately weak1 is /r5g!n$ by its co9cid5ce ) o!r cells1 & ! entrance is =tifi$ ) an additional l$ge or bord] ( wax1 to prev5t its bur/+ f ! /ruggles ( ! ,bee-nymph1 or f ! +ress & egress ( ! lab\r]s4 ,?is entrance bord] is at lea/ ?ree times z ?ick z ! sides ( ! cell1 & ?ick] at ! angles ?an else:]e1 :i* prev5ts ! m\? ( ! cell f be+ regul>ly hexagonal1 ?\gh ! int]ior is p]fectly s4 ,on books deep por+1 ye pale sons ( toil1 ,:o wa/e 9 /udi\s trance ! midnight oil1 ,say1 c y emulate ) all y\r rules1 ,drawn1 or f ,grecian or f ,go?ic s*ools1 ,?is artless frame8 ,in/9ct h] simple guide1 ,a heav5-taught insect baffles all y\r pride4 ,n all y\r m>%all'd orbs t ride s high1 ,proclaim m l\d a pres5t ,deity1 ,?an ! nice symmetry ( ^! small cells1 ,:]e on ea* angle g5u9e sci5ce dwells1 ,& joys to m>k1 ?r\gh wide creation's reign1 ,h[ close ! less5+ l9ks ( h] cont9u$ *a94 ,evans4 ,hav+ j adv]t$ to ! +5uity ( ,bees 9 ?ick5+1 & !reby /r5g!n+ ! m\?s ( ! cells1 x may "h be obs]v$--t additional /r5g? is also d]iv$ f ! ,bees cov]+ ! :ole surface ( ! combs1 b m p>ticul>ly ! edge ( ! cells1 ) a peculi> k9d ( v>ni%1 :i* !y collect = ! purpose4 ,at fir/ ! combs are delicately :ite1 semi-transp>5t1 & exce$+ly fragile1 smoo? b unpoli%$3 9 a %ort "t _! surfaces become /rong]1 & assume m or less ( a yell[ t9t4 ,! deep5+ ( ! col\r ( honey-combs has be5 suppos$1 by "s1 to be ! effect ( age2 & 9 "p x may be3 b x is pr9cipally ow+ to ! coat ( v>ni%1 ) :i* ! ,bees cov] !m4 ,?is v>ni% /rongly resembles propolis1 appe>+ to diff] f x only 9 conta9+ ! col\r+ mat]ial :i* imp>ts to wax its yell[ hue4 ,! s\rce ( ?is col\r+ matt] has n be5 discov]$3 x is insoluble 9 alcohol1 b ! manufacture ( :ite-wax %[s t x is de/ructible by light4 ,b to return to ! con/ruction ( ! cell-"w4 ,! pyramidal basis ( a cell is =m$ by ! junction ( ?ree rhomboidal or loz5ge-%ap$ portions ( wax3 ! apex ( ! pyramid be+ situat$ :]e ! ?ree obtuse angles ( ! loz5ges meet4 ,to ! ext]ior edges & angles are atta*$ ! six panels or sides ( ea* cell4 ,! apex ( ea* pyramidal bottom1 on "o side ( a comb1 =ms ! angles ( ! bases ( ?ree cells on ! opposite side1 ! ?ree loz5ges respectively concurr+ 9 ! =mation ( ! bases ( ! same cells4 ,?is w1 ,i hope1 expla9 :at is meant by ea* cell sep>ately weak1 be+ /r5g!n$ by co9cid5ce ) o!rs4 ,! bottom ( ea* cell re/s ^u ?ree p>titions ( opposite cells1 f :i* x receives a great accession ( /r5g?4 ,z x is desirable t ! read] %\ld ?or\ghly compreh5d ?is subject1 ,i w re-/ate x 9 o!r words4 ,! p>tition :i* sep>ates ! two oppos+ r[s ( cells1 & :i* occupies1 ( c\rse1 ! middle di/ance betwe5 _! two surfaces1 is n a plane b a collection ( rhombs1 !re be+ ?ree at ! bottom ( ea* cell3 ! ?ree toge!r =m 9 %ape1 a flatt5$ pyramid1 ! basis ( :i* is turn$ t[>ds ! m\? ( ! cell2 ea* cell is 9 =m1 !re=e1 a hexagonal prism1 t]m9at$ by a flatt5$ trih$ral pyramid1 ! ?ree sides ( :i* pyramid are rhombs1 t meet at ! apex by _! obtuse angles4 ,! union ( ! loz5ges 9 "o po9t1 9 addition to ! support :i* x is ! means ( af=d+ to ! ?ree p>titions betwe5 oppos+ cells1 is also admirably adapt$ to receive ! little egg & to conc5trate ! heat necess>y = its incubation4 ,ea* obtuse angle ( ! loz5ges or rhombs =ms an angle ( ab\t #aaj degrees1 & ea* acute "o1 an angle ( ab\t #gj degrees4 ,mr4 ,m>aldi f\nd by m5suration t ! angles ( ^! rhombs1 :i* compose ! base ( a cell1 am\nt$ to #aji degrees & #bh seconds1 & #gj degrees & #cb seconds3 & ! fam\s ma!matician ,ko5ig1 pupil ( ! celebrat$ ,b]n\lli1 hav+ be5 employ$ = t purpose by ,m4 ,reaumur1 has cle>ly %[n1 by ! me?od ( inf9itesimals1 t ! quantity ( ^! angles1 us+ ! lea/ possible wax1 9 ! cell ( ! same capacity1 %\ld conta9 #aji degrees & #bf seconds1 & #gj degrees & #cd seconds4 ,?is 0 confirm$ by ! celebrat$ ,mr4 ,mac ,laur91 :o v ju/ly obs]ves1 t ,bees d truly con/ruct _! cells ( ! be/ figure1 & ) ! utmo/ ma!matical exactness4 ,! con/ruction ( sev]al combs is g5]ally go+ on at ! same "t4 ,no soon] is ! f\ndation ( "o laid1 ) a few r[s ( cells atta*$ to x1 ?an a second & a ?ird are f\nd$ on ea* side1 p>allel to ! fir/1 & s on1 7if ! season give enc\ragem5t to ! op]ations ( ! ,bees17 till ! hive is fill$ ) _! works2 ! fir/ con/ruct$ comb or combs be+ always 9 ! mo/ advanc$ /ate1 & !re=e ! fir/ to be complet$4 ,! design ( e comb is sket*$ out1 & ! fir/ rudim5ts are laid by "o s+le ,bee4 ,?is f\nd]-,bee =ms a block1 out ( a r\gh mass ( wax1 drawn p>tly f its own res\rces1 b pr9cipally f ^? ( o!r ,bees1 :i* furni% mat]ials1 9 quick succession1 f ! receptacles "u _! bellies1 tak+ out ! plates ( wax ) _! h9d feet1 & c>ry+ !m to _! m\?s ) _! =e feet1 :]e ! wax is moi/5$ & ma/icat$1 till x becomes s(t & ductile4 ,?us filt]'d ?r\gh yon flutt]]'s fold$ mail1 ,cl+s ! cool'd wax1 & h>d5s to a scale2 ,swift1 at ! well-kn[n call1 ! ready tra9 7,= n a buz boon nature brea!s 9 va97 ,spr+ to ea* fall+ flake1 & be> along ,_! glossy burd5s to ! build] ?rong4 ,evans4 ,! ar*itect-9-*ief1 :o lays1 z x 71 ! fir/ /one ( ?is & ea* successive edifice1 det]m9es ! relative position ( ! combs1 & _! di/ances f ea* o!r3 ^! f\ndations s]ve z guides = ! ult]ior lab\rs ( ! wax-work+ ,bees1 & ( ^? :i* sculpture ! cells1 giv+ !m ! advantage ( ! m>g9 & angles already =m$4 ,! exp$i5ts resort$ to by t +5i\s naturali/1 ,hub]1 unfold$ ! :ole process4 ,he saw ea* ,bee extract ) its h9d feet "o ( ! plates ( wax f "u ! scales :]e !y 7 lodg$1 & c>ry+ x to ! m\? 9 a v]tical position1 turn x r\nd1 s t e "p ( its bord] 0 made to pass 9 succession1 "u ! cutt+ edge ( ! jaws2 x 0 ?us soon divid$ into v small fragm5ts2 & a fro?y liquor 0 p\r$ ^u x f ! tongue1 s z to =m a p]fectly pla/ic mass4 ,?is liquor gave ! wax a :it5ess & opacity :i* x did n possess orig9ally1 & at ! same "t r5d]s x t5aci\s & ductile4 ,! issu+ ( ?is ma/icat$ mass f ! m\? 01 no d\bt1 :at misl$ ,reaumur1 & caus$ him to reg>d wax z no?+ m ?an dige/$ poll54 ,! mass ( wax1 prep>$ by ! assi/ants1 is appli$ by ! ar*itect-,bee to ! ro( or bottom ( ! hive1 z ! case may be2 & ?us a block is rais$ ( a semi-l5ticul> %ape1 ?ick at top & tap]+ t[>ds ! edges4 ,:5 ( a suffici5t size1 a cell is sculptur$ on "o side ( x1 by ! wax-work+ ,bees1 :o relieve "o ano!r 9 succession1 sometimes to ! numb] ( tw5ty1 be=e ! cell is completely fa%ion$4 ,at ! back & on ea* side ( ?is fir/ cell1 two o!rs are sket*$ out & excavat$4 ,by ?is proce$+ ! f\ndations ( two cells are laid1 ! l9e betwixt !m correspond+ ) ! c5tre ( ! opposite cell4 ,z ! combs ext5d1 ! fir/ excavations are r5d]$ deep] & broad]2 & :5 a pyramidal base is f9i%$1 ! ,bees build up walls f its edges1 s z to complete :at may be call$ ! prismatic "p ( ! cell4 ,e succe$+ r[ ( cells is =m$ by precisely simil> /eps1 until !re is a suffici5t scope = ! simultane\s employm5t ( _m work]s4 ,^!1 ) %>p sickle1 or ) %>p] too?1 ,p>e ea* excresc5ce & ea* angle smoo?1 ,till n[1 9 f9i%'d pride1 two radiant r[s ,( sn[-:ite cells1 "o mutual base disclose4 ,six %9+ panels gird ea* poli%'d r\nd1 ,! door's f9e rim1 ) wax5 fillet h\nd1 ,:ile walls s ?91 ) si/]-walls comh9'd1 ,weak 9 !mselves1 a sure dep5d5ce f9d4 ,evans4 ,! pyramidal bases & lat]al plates are successively =m$1 ) surpris+ rapidity2 ! latt] are l5g!n$ z ! comb proce$s1 = ! orig9al semi-l5ticul> =m is pres]v$ till t[>ds ! la/1 :51 if ! hive or box be fill$1 ! sides ( all ! cells receive su* additions z give !m equal dep?4 ,! cells int5d$ = ! drones are consid]ably l>g]1 & m sub/antial1 ?an ^? = ! work+ ,bees1 &1 be+ lat] =m$1 usually appe> ne> ! bottom ( ! combs4 ,la/ ( all1 are built ! royal-cells1 ! cradles ( ! infant ,que5s3 ( ^! !re are usually ?ree or f\r1 & sometimes t5 or twelve1 9 a hive1 atta*$ commonly to ! c5tral "p1 b n unfrequ5tly to ! edge or side ( ! comb4 ,mr4 ,hunt] says t he has se5 z _m z ?irte5 royal-cells 9 a hive1 & t !y h v little wax 9 _! composition1 n "o ?ird1 ! re/ he conceives to be f>9a4 ,su* is ! g5u9e loyalty ( ,bees1 t ! wax :i* !y employ ) s mu* geometric economy1 9 ! con/ruction ( hexagonal cells1 is pr(usely exp5d$ on ! mansion ( ! royal ,bee-nymph1 "o ( ^! exce$+ 9 weight a hundr$ ( ! =m]4 ,!y are n int]wov5 ) !m1 b susp5d$ p]p5dicul>ly1 _! sides be+ ne>ly p>allel to ! m\?s ( ! common-cells1 sev]al ( :i* are sacrific$ to support !m4 ,no m ) w>y ?rift9ess impre/1 ,!y grace ) lavi% pomp _! royal gue/1 ,nor he$ ! wa/$ wax1 nor rifl$ cell1 ,to bid1 ) frett$ r\nd1 ?' imp]ial palace swell4 ,evans4 ,! =m ( ^! royal-cells is an oblong sph]oid1 tap]+ gradually d[nw>ds1 & hav+ ! ext]ior full ( holes1 some:at resembl+ ! ru/ic "w ( /one build+s4 ,! m\? ( ! cell1 :i* is always at its bottom1 rema9s op5 till ! maggot is ready = trans=mation1 & is !n clos$ z ! o!rs are4 ,imm$iately on ! em]g5ce ( a rip5$ ,que51 ! lodge :i* %e inhabit$ is de/roy$1 & its place is suppli$ by a range ( common cells4 ,! site ( ?is range may always be trac$1 by t "p ( ! comb be+ ?ick] ?an ! re/1 & =m+ a k9d ( knot2 sometimes ! upp] portion ( ! cell itself rema9s1 l an inv]t$ acorn-cup1 susp5d$ by its %ort p$uncle4 ,yet no fond dupes to slavi% zeal resign'd1 ,!y l9k ) indu/ry ! loyal m9d1 ,fl[n is ea* vagrant *ief4 ,!y raze ! dome1 ,t b5t oppressive o'er ! frett$ comb1 ,& on its knott$ base fre% g>n]s raise1 ,:]e toil secure h] well e>n'd treasure lays4 ,evans4 ,9 ?is mutilat$ /ate only1 & n 9 ! bre$+-season1 c\ld ,mr4 ,hunt] h se5 ?is cradle ( royalty2 = he describes x z ! half ( an oval1 too wide & %all[ to receive its suppos$ t5ant4 ,i h spok5 ( ! p]fect regul>ity 9 ! cell-"w ( a honey-comb2--p>ticul> circum/ances1 h[ev]1 induce a dep>ture f ?is exactness3 = in/ance1 :]e ,bees h comm5c$ a comb ) small cell-"w1 & aft]w>ds wi% to atta* to x a set ( l>ge cells1 z 9 ! case ( drone-cells be+ requir$ to be app5d$ to work]s'-cells4 ,^! deviations f ! usual regul>ity r5ew our admiration ( ,bee-+5uity1 ?\gh ,reaumur & ,bonnet h reg>d$ !m z examples ( imp]fection4 ,!y effect _! object by int]pos+ ?ree or f\r s]ies (1 :at may be call$1 cells ( transition1 ! bottom or bases ( :i* are compos$ ( two rhombs & two hexagons1 in/ead ( ?ree rhombs2 ! rhombs & hexagons gradually v>y+ 9 =m & relative proportion1 till ! requisite size1 namely1 t ( ! cells :i* !y are approa*+1 has be5 atta9$4 ,! same gradation is obs]v$ :5 return+ to small] cells4 ,e app>5t irregul>ity is !re=e det]m9$ by a suffici5t motive1 & =ms no impea*m5t ( ! sagacity ( ! ,bee4 ,! common bre$+-cells ( drones or work]s are occasionally 7aft] be+ clean$7 made ! depositories ( honey2 b ! cells are nev] made s clean1 z to pres]ve ! honey undet]iorat$4 ,! f9e/ honey is /or$ 9 new cells1 con/ruct$ = ! purpose ( receiv+ x1 _! configuration resembl+ precisely ! common bre$+-cells3 ^! honey-cells v>y 9 size1 be+ made m or less capaci\s1 accord+ to ! productiv5ess ( ! s\rces f :i* ! ,bees are collect+1 & accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>3 ! cells =m$ 9 ,july & ,augu/ v>y 9 _! dim5sions f ^? t are =m$ e>li]2 be+ int5d$ = honey only1 !y are l>g] & deep]1 ! texture ( _! walls is ?9n]1 & !y h m dip or incl9ation2 ?is dip dim9i%es ! risk ( ! honey's runn+ out1 :i*1 f ! heat ( ! wea!r1 & ! consequ5t ?9ness ( ! honey1 at ?is season ( ! ye>1 x might o!rwise be liable to d4 ,:5 ! cells1 int5d$ = hold+ ! w9t]'s provision1 are fill$1 !y are always clos$ ) wax5 lids1 & nev] re-op5$ till ! :ole ( ! honey 9 ! unfill$ cells has be5 exp5d$4 ,! wax5 lids are ?us =m$2--! fir/ ,bees con/ruct a r+ ( wax )9 ! v]ge ( ! cell1 to :i* o!r r+s are successively add$1 till ! ap]ture ( ! cell is f9ally clos$ ) a lid compos$ ( conc5tric circles4 ,! brood-cells1 :5 _! t5ants h atta9$ a c]ta9 age1 are also cov]$ ) wax5 lids1 l ! honey-cells2 ! lids diff] a little1 ! latt] be+ some:at concave1 ! =m] convex4 ,! dep? ( ! brood-cells ( drones & work+ ,bees is ab\t half an in*2 _! diamet] is m exact1 t ( ! drone-cells be+ ?ree l9es,j & "o ?ird1 t ( ! work]s two l9es & ?ree fif?s4 ,^!1 says ,reaumur1 are ! inv>iable dim5sions ( all ! cells1 t ev] 71 or ev] w be made4 ,footnote ,j3 ,a l9e is ! twelf? "p ( an in*4 ,f ?is uni=m1 unv>y+ diamet] ( ! brood-cells1 :5 complet$1 _! use has be5 sugge/$1 z an univ]sal /&>d ( measure1 :i* w\ld be und]/ood1 9 all c\ntries1 to ! end ( "t4 ,:ile heav'n-born in/9ct b\nd _! measur$ view1 ,f age to age1 f ,zembla to ,p]u1 ,_! sn[-:ite cells1 ! ord]'d arti/s frame1 ,9 size1 9 =m1 9 symmetry1 ! same4 ,evans4 ,,bees' ,,wax4 ,,bees' ,,wax1 9 its /ricte/ s5se1 is a secretion f ! body ( ! ,honey-,bee1 & is t peculi> sub/ance or mat]ial ) :i* ,bees pr9cipally con/ruct _! combs2--,i say--pr9cipally1 because ! f\ndation ( e comb is propolis3 x is by ?is t5aci\s sub/ance 7propolis7 t combs are securely atta*$ to1 & susp5d$ f1 ! ro( ( a hive or a box1--& x is by ?is t !y are firmly glu$ to ! sides1 :]ev] !y are made to t\* !m4 ,,bees' ,,wax1 h[ev]1 9 ! common acceptation ( ! t]m1 is t well-kn[n1 valuable article1 obta9$ f honey-comb by ! foll[+ process3-- ,hav+ dra9$ all ! honey f ! combs1 put !m into a clean pot1 toge!r ) z mu* ra9-wat] z w make !m float2 !n simm] ov] a cle> fire until ! combs be completely dissolv$2 & ! wax & ! dross mix$ ) x w swim at ! top ( ! wat]4 ,p\r ! :ole into a /rong & tol]ably f9e canvas bag1 made wide at ! top & tap]+ d[nw>ds to a po9t1 9 ! =m ( a jelly bag4 ,hold ?is ov] a tub or l>ge vessel 9 :i* is a quantity ( cold wat]4 ,! boil+ wat] w1 ( c\rse1 soon dra9 ?r\gh1 & leave 9 ! bag ! great] "p ( ! liquefi$ wax comm+l$ ) dross4 ,h ready !n a piece ( smoo? bo>d ( su* a l5g? t1 :5 "o end ( x is plac$ 9 ! tub ( cold wat]1 ! o!r end may be conv5i5tly re/$ aga9/1 & securely /ay$ by y\r brea/4 ,^u ?is incl9$ plane lay y\r dripp+1 reek+ /ra9]1 & keep x f slipp+ into ! cold wat] by br++ its upp] "p ov] ! top ( ! bo>d s z to be held firmly betwe5 x & y\r brea/4 ,if ! /ra9] be made ) a broad hem r\nd its top1 a piece ( /rong tape or cord pass$ ?r\gh su* hem w draw x close1 & %\ld be long en\gh to =m a /irrup = ! foot1 by :i* an additional p[] w be ga9$ ( keep+ ! scald+-hot /ra9] 9 its prop] place on ! bo>d3 !n by compress+ ! bag1 or r its cont5ts1 ) any conv5i5t roll]1 ! wax w ooze ?r\gh & run d[n ! bo>d into ! cold wat]1 on ! surface ( :i* x w set 9 ?9 flakes4 ,:5 ?is "p ( ! op]ation is f9i%$1 collect ! wax1 put x into a clean saucepan1 9 :i* is a little wat] to keep ! wax f be+ burnt to ! bottom2 melt x c>efully 7=1 %\ld x be neglect$ & suff]$ to boil ov]1 s]i\s mis*ief might ensue1 liquid wax be+ ( a v inflammable nature7 !re=e melt x c>efully ov] a sl[ fire1 & skim (f ! dross z x rises to ! top2 !n p\r x into su* m\lds or %apes z y\r fancy may direct1 hav+ fir/ well r9s$ !m1 9 ord] t y may be able to get ! wax1 :5 cold & solid1 out ( !m )\t break+ ei!r ! m\lds or ! wax3 place !m1 cov]$ ov] ) clo?s or ) pieces ( bo>d1 :]e ! wax w cool sl[ly2 because ! m sl[ly x cools ! m solid x w be & free f flaws & cracks4 ,y w ?us h y\r wax 9 cakes1 :i* may be r5d]$ /ill m pure by a second melt+ & m\ld+4 ,if run into v ?9 cakes1 & aft]w>ds expos$ to ! influ5ce ( ! sun & ! air1 frequ5tly turn$1 & occasionally wett$1 x w lose its yell[ness1 & become beautifully :ite4 ,?is la/ process is call$ blea*+2 &1 ?\gh m simple & practicable ?an t pursu$ 9 e/abli%m5ts :]e l>ge quantities ( wax are blea*$--:]e blea*+ wax is ( itself a regul> bus9ess--x may probably be suffici5t to answ] all ! purposes = :i* :ite-wax is want$ 9 private families4 ,i h by me wax ( my own blea*+ t is equal 9 :it5ess & delicacy to any ,i h ev] met )4 ,good wax is a heavy1 solid sub/ance1 ( a deep yell[ col\r1 has an agreeable1 balsamic od\r1 & possesses sev]al m$ic9al & o!r valuable qualities4 ,combs t h nev] be5 fill$1 & ^? t h be5 fill$ ) honey only1 af=d ! be/ wax4 ,( ! =m] k9d b v little ne$ ev] be tak5 f ,bees 9 collat]al-boxes2 & :5 any su* combs are tak51 !y may be f> m advantage\sly dispos$ ( ?an by be+ melt$ d[n = ! wax !y conta94 ,in/ead ( cru%+ & melt+ all ! combs ( ?ree or f\r hives toge!r1 z is mo/ly done by cottage ,bee-keep]s1 ! f9e1 clean p>ts %\ld be sep>at$ f ^? t are discol\r$1 less pure1 & inf]ior1 by reason ( _! age1--( hav+ be5 brood combs1--or ( conta9+ poll51 & %\ld be melt$ fir/4 ,by ?is v easy mode ( manipulation1 ! quantity ( wax w\ld n be less5$1 & ! sup]ior quality ( ! f9e w\ld comm& a price t w\ld be an ample remun]ation = ! additional tr\ble att5d+ ! managem5t ( x 9 ?is way4 ,%\ld ! prec$+ directions be ?\ght to be t$i\sly or unnecess>ily m9ute1 my apology = mak+ !m s is--an anxi\s wi% on my "p to r5d] e ?+ relat+ to ,bees cle>ly und]/ood--und]/ood s z to be set ab\t & prop]ly manag$ by p]sons :o nev] be=e be/[$ "o ?\ght ^u ! subject4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,i4 ,,w9t] ,,situation ,,= ,,bees4 ,!re is no "p ( ,bee-managem5t m utt]ly disreg>d$ by cottage-hive ,bee-keep]s ?an t :i* relates to a prop] situation = /ore-hives dur+ w9t]4 ,f :atev] cause ?is inatt5tion may proce$1--:e!r f cu/om1 ignorance1 or prejudice1 x is mu* to be regrett$2 because no?+ is s ess5tially conducive to ! future prosp]ity1 & (t5 to ! v pres]vation1 ( a colony1 z due att5tion to its w9t] situation4 ,left1 z /ock-hives commonly are1 9 _! summ] aspect1 & to /& ^u ! v spot !y h occupi$ ev] s9ce ! day ( _! exi/5ce z /ocks1--) _! entrances wide op51 j z !y 7 9 summ]1--expos$ alike to e *ange ( wea!r & to e attack ( pr[l+ enemies2 or1 if cov]$ at all1 x is mo/ly ) a rude coat ( /raw1 or re$1 or su* mat]ial z af=ds to mice1 v]m9e1 & v>i\s sorts ( ,bee-enemies1 %elt] & concealm5t1 &1 9 fact1 enc\ragem5t to attack & de/roy ! hives4 ,?us1 neglect$ & unhe$$1 x is no wond] t s _m /ocks ( ,bees p]i% 9 ! w9t] & spr+ ( e ye>2 ! wond] r is t any %\ld escape4 ,"s api>ian au?ors are oppos$ to ! conf9em5t ( ,bees 9 _! hives1 except :5 sn[ is on ! gr\nd3 !n1 & !n only1 !y recomm5d ! conf9em5t ( ,bees z necess>y = _! safety4 ,n[1 ,i w\ld respectfully ask--if1 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl& & 9 ,scotl&1 sn[ does n lie on ! gr\nd = weeks1 & 9 "s ye>s = mon?s toge!r8 & ,i w\ld ask fur!r--if ,bees c be> ?is conf9em5t ) sn[ on ! gr\nd1 :y !y _c be> x :5 !re is no sn[8 ,!y argue1 h[ev]1 9 ! face ( ?is admission1 t conf9em5t is injuri\s to ,bees1 & t a flight 9 ! op5 air on a f9e day1 if !re %\ld happ5 to be a f9e day1 9 ! dep? ( w9t]1 is b5eficial to ,bees1 o!rwise1 !y say1 ! ,bees w\ld n take x4 ,a mild1 op5 w9t]1 e body kn[s1 r5d]s unconf9$ ,bees poor--& :5 kept 9 a /ate ( p]petual agitation & al>m by ! re/less enemies t surr\nd !m & ne/le 9 _! /raw cov]+1 & tempt$ by ! fa9t1 w9t]y sun-beams t gleam ^u _! floor-bo>d ?r\gh ! unclos$ entrance ( _! hives1 !y w1 no d\bt1 sometimes sally =?4 ,b :at is ! consequ5ce8 ,hundr$s & ?\s&s ( !m become p>alyz$,k & nev] return2 & ^? t d get home aga9 h occasion = food3 ( c\rse1 ! (t5] ^! w9t] flights take place1 ! m ! population ( ! hives !y issue f is dim9i%$1 & ! m paup]iz$ t dim9i%$ population becomes 9 consequ5ce ( su* flights3 :]eas1 if ,bees 7 conf9$1 kept 9 d>kness1 or1 at any rate1 out ( ! influ5ce ( ! sun1 kept dry1 cool1 /ill1 & undi/urb$1 no su* disa/r\s consequ5ces w\ld ensue4 ,footnote ,k3 ,9 ! #ae? page ( 8 ,api>ian's ,guide1 ,j4 ,h4 ,payne1 ,esq4 says--a ,bee becomes torpid at a temp]ature ( ?irty-two degrees--,payne is an exp]i5c$ api>ian4 ,:at cr$it !n is due to ! anonym\s critic1 :o 9 "o ( ! weekly p]iodicals,l has told u t ,bees 9 a glass hive1 expos$ 9 ! op5 air1 :5 its temp]ature 0 tw5ty degrees bel[ freez+1 in/ead ( be+ 9 a /ate ( ( torpor1 cont9u$ v lively866--,be=e yield+ implicit cr$5ce to ?is /atem5t1 x w\ld be exce$+ly satisfactory to be in=m$ h[ long ! ,bees s expos$ cont9u$ v lively4 ,footnote ,l3 ,me*anics' ,magaz9e1 ,no4 #efd1 p4 #aee4 ,! foll[+ detail w %[ my read]s ! results ( "s exp]im5ts1 relative to ! aspect & situation ( ,bee-hives dur+ w9t]2 & :il/ 9 "s degree !y corroborate ! =ego+ obs]vations1 !y may p]haps induce ^?1 :o are anxi\s = ! prosp]ity ( _! ,bees1 to submit to be taught a useful lesson respect+ ! w9t] managem5t ( !m4 ,9 #ahbd ,i _h six cottage-hives1 :i* _h prosp]$ well ) me dur+ ! summ] ( t ye>4 ,9 ! autumn ( ! same ye> ,i resolv$ to weigh ^? six hives1 & to place ?ree ( !m on ! nor? side ( my h\se1 & to let ! o!r ?ree rema9 9 _! summ] situation4 ,! sep>ate weights ( my hives1 9 ,novemb] ( ! ye> #ahbd1 7 z "u1 viz4 ,no4 #a4 #ce lbs4 ,no4 #d4 #db lbs4 #b4 #ch -- #e4 #cb -- #c4 #dj -- #f4 #cg -- --- --- #aac #aaa --- --- ,! fir/ ?ree ( ^! ,nos4 viz4 #a1 #b1 & #c1 weigh+ toge!r #aac lbs4 rema9$ dur+ ! w9t] 9 _! summ] situation3 ,nos4 #d1 #e1 & #f1 weigh+ toge!r #aaa lbs4 7 remov$ to a cold dry place1 on ! nor? side ( my h\se4 ,on ! #bf? ( ,m>*1 #ahbe1 ,i aga9 weigh$ ^? six hives1 & f\nd _! respective weights to be z foll[s1 viz4 ,no4 #a4 #ae lbs4 ,no4 #d4 #cg lbs4 #b4 #af -- #e4 #bg -- #c4 #ai -- #f4 #cb -- -- -- #ej #if -- -- ,s t ! ?ree hives1 rema9+ 9 _! summ] qu>t]s dur+ ! w9t]1 _h decreas$ 9 weight j #fc lbs4 be+ on an av]age #ba lbs4 ea*2 :ile ! ?ree :i* _h w9t]$ on ! nor? side ( my h\se _h decreas$ only #ae lbs4 be+ on an av]age only #e lbs4 ea*4 ,?is gives an av]age diff]5ce ( #af lbs4 a hive1 betwe5 a prop] & an improp] w9t] situation & aspect = ,bees4 ,x is lam5table to ?9k h[ _m p lose _! ,bees1 ei!r f ignorance1 prejudice1 or want ( att5tion to ?is p>ticul> po9t--a prop] w9t] situation4 ,i ne$ sc>cely relate to my read]s1 t ! ,bees :i* 7 plac$ front+1 or op5 to ! nor?1 7 ! fir/ t sw>m$ ! next spr+4 ,!y sw>m$ 9 ! mon? ( ,may2 :ile ^? hives t _h rema9$ front+1 or op5 to ! s\?1 did n sw>m until ,july2 & "o hive 7,no4 #b47 nev] sw>m$ at all dur+ ! season4 ,at ! latt] end ( ,octob]1 #ahbe1 ,i aga9 weigh$ my hives1 & f\nd !m to be z "u3-- ,no4 #a4 #bh lbs4 ,sw>m f ditto #aj lbs4 #b4 #bb -- #c4 #cj -- ,sw>m f ditto #ad -- -- -- #hj #bd -- -- ,no4 #d4 #dd lbs4 ,sw>m f ditto #cb lbs4 #e4 #dc -- ,sw>m f ditto #bh -- #f4 #da -- ,sw>m f ditto #cj -- --- -- #abh #ij --- -- ,h5ce x appe>s t ! ?ree hives 7,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #c7 t _h nev] be5 remov$ f _! summ] /&s1 7 #cc lbs4 light] ?an :5 ,i fir/ weigh$ !m1 t is1 on an av]age1 #aa lbs4 a hive2 & ev5 ) ! weight ( _! two sw>ms add$ to !m1 !re 0 a fall+ (f 9 ! ye> ( #i lbs4 or1 on an av]age1 ( #c lbs1 a hive3 :il/ ,nos4 #d1 #e1 & #f1 _h ga9$ #ag lbs4 or1 on an av]age1 ne>ly #f lbs4 ea*2 & ) ! weight ( _! sw>ms add$ to !m1 !y _h ga9$ #ajg lbs4 or1 on an av]age1 ne>ly #cf lbs4 a hive 9 ! ye>4 ,i c\ld c>ry ?is subject mu* fur!r 9 my explanations1 z ,i did 9 my exp]im5ts1 b x requires no facts 9 addition to ^? j /at$ to expla9 ! diff]5ce ( aspect 9 ! w9t]-season to ,bees4 ,e cottag] mu/ "k t ! ri*] 8 ,bees are 9 spr+1 ! soon] !y w sw>m4 ,!n1 to make !m ri*1 he mu/ n neglect to place 8 hives out ( ! influ5ce ( ! sun dur+ w9t]1--9 a dry1 cold1 & quiet situation4 ,he w f9d by ?is practice1 t n m ?an five or six p\nds ( honey w be consum$ by a good /ock2 b if he suff] 8 ,bees to rema9 front+ ! s\?1 !y w 9 a mild w9t]1 if !y survive x at all1 become paup]s be=e spr+4 ,n[ :at is prop] dur+ ! w9t] = /ocks 9 common hives1 is equally prop] = /ocks 9 collat]al-boxes1 ( :i* ! middle-box is ! w9t]-pavilion or /ock-hive4 ,long be=e w9t] all ! ,bees ( ! mo/ popul\s /ock w draw into ! middle-box & clu/] r\nd _! ,que52 & :5 t is ! case1 ! divid+-t9s %\ld be put d[n1 9 ord] t all ! ,bees may be securely kept 9 ! pavilion2 & previ\sly to remov+ !m f _! summ] situation1 ! entrance %\ld be c>efully clos$ ) a piece ( wire-clo?1 or p]=at$ t92 :i*1 :il/ x admits fre% air into ! box1 w keep ! ,bees )9 & all _! enemies )\t4 ,x is h>dly possible = ! smalle/ enemy to make its way into a box ?us secur$4 ,a p]=at$ t9 may also be put ov] ! way d[n into ! draw]4 ,t[>ds spr+ ?is la/ may be )drawn1 & ! ,bees1 :5 !y beg9 to revive1 w soon rid !mselves ( ^? t may h di$ 9 ! w9t]1 by c>ry+ !m d[n into ! draw]4 ,hav+ made e necess>y prep>ation1 remove y\r /ocks to su* a situation z t h]e9 be=e recomm5d$1 & !re 9 quietude let !m pass ! dre>y mon?s ( w9t]4 ,i d n advise t !y be tak5 too e>ly to1 nor t !y rema9 too long 91 _! hib]nacula3 g5]ally speak+1 !y may be remov$ t[>ds ! latt] end ( ,novemb]1 & aga9 9 ! ?ird or f\r? week ( ,febru>y2 b ! ,bees !mselves1 if duly obs]v$1 w be ! be/ directors4 ,?is is my practice1 & x is also ! practice ( my api>ian fri5d at ,g$ney-,hill1 ?an ^:1 no /ocks 9 ?is neighb\rhood are m heal?y or mu* m prosp]\s4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,api>ian ,,societies4 ,! enc\ragem5t ( any int]nal bran* ( indu/ry1 :i* w sup]s$e ! necessity = ! employm5t ( ,briti% capital 9 speculative adv5tures :]e no equival5t is return$1 is 9 ! m9d ( e patriot a subject wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,& t ! prosecution & enc\ragem5t ( my sy/em ( ,bee-managem5t1 und]tak5 by ^? :o are qualifi$ by _! means1 abilities1 & p[]s ( patronage1 to set ! example1 & !reby influ5ce o!rs1 w effect ?is to a consid]able ext5t1 z f> z ! production ( honey & wax is conc]n$1 w1 ,i ?9k1 be suffici5tly obvi\s to ^? :o h witness$1 or :o h]eaft] may witness1 ! successful results--! almo/ incr$ible quantity ( ^! productions f my api>y alone2 or1 leav+ my api>y entirely out ( ! acc\nt1 ,i w v5ture mode/ly to ass]t1 t f any "o set ( collat]al-boxes1 well-/ock$ & well-manag$1 ! quantity & quality ( honey t may be annually tak51 )\t ei!r de/roy+ or impov]i%+ ! ,bees1 mu/ be se5 to be believ$2 & be+ se51 w n be disput$4 ,! exact am\nt annually paid to o!r c\ntries = ^! two commodities--honey & wax--,i h n ! means ( asc]ta9+ ) accuracy1 b x is probable t x exce$s #cej1jjj4--;a sum lo/ to ?is c\ntry1 because1 n only h we 9 ! vegetable _w a pr(usion ( ^! productions1 t wa/e _! sweetness on ! des]t air1 b we h1 or might h1 if we w\ld b enc\rage !m1 ! lab\r]s necess>y to collect !m1 & ?is too )\t ! det]ioration ( any o!r dep>tm5t ( rural economy4 ,7 ,bee-colonies multipli$ to any ?+ l ! numb] t ! ,bee-pa/urage ( ?is c\ntry w\ld support2 7 !re1 = in/ance1 b "o set ( well-/ock$ collat]al-boxes on e squ>e mile ( ,engl&1 ,wales1 & ,scotl&1--or1 to compute mod]ately1 on e squ>e mile ( e rural di/rict ( ,great ,brita91 t is f]tile 9 ,bee-pa/urage1--& 7 ! price ( ! f9e/ box-honey r$uc$ to a %ill+ a p\nd1 ! annual surplus produce ( ^! colonies w\ld realize a sum f> exce$+ #cej1jjj4 :i* w\ld be put into ! pockets (1 g5]ally speak+1 an indu/ri\s & des]v+ "p ( ! community--! rural population1 & a pr(itable remun]ation giv5 to !m = _! indulg5ce & p]sev]ance 9 a mo/ rational pursuit1 requir+ b trifl+1 & ?is only incid5tal att5tion4 ,i "k ( no "t m prop] = ?r[+ out ^! h9ts ?an ! pres5t1 :5 ! subject ( rural allotm5ts excites1 & t ju/ly1 almo/ univ]sal att5tion among/ ^? desir\s ( secur+ an indu/ri\s1 prosp]\s1 & virtu\s peasantry4 ,i d n presume to imag9e t1 antiquat$ z are ! practices hi!rto s g5]ally adopt$1 & s p]t9aci\sly adh]$ to 9 ,bee-managem5t 9 ?is c\ntry1 & *>act]iz$ z are ^! practices by s _m sup]/iti\s & irrational usages--,i d n presume to imag9e t my sy/em w1 at once1 up-root prejudices1 dispel sup]/itions1 & be imm$iately & he>tily adopt$ by ! cottag]4 ,! g5]ality ( api>ians h yet to be taught t ,bee-managem5t is a sy/em2--t x is some?+ m ?an m]ely /ock+ a hive or box ) a sw>m ( ,bees1 & !n leav+ x to *ance alone to prosp] or to p]i%2 &1 if to prosp]1 x is only until ! "t = its f9al doom--! reckless de/ruction ( e ,bee--arrives4 ,!y h yet to le>n t ! :ole1 or at lea/1 ! great] "p ( ! cont+5cies1 to :i* ,bee-colonies are subject1 may be av]t$2 t ! casualties ( ,bees are analog\s to ^? ( o!r descriptions ( /ock2 & t1 if !y w\ld ensure success1 or expect to d]ive pr(it f !m1 x mu/ be by att5tion to _! domicils1 to _! protection f ! v>iations ( climate & atmosph]e1 & f ext]nal enemies1--9 %ort1 by prop] managem5t4 ,if 9 _m in/ances1 ! success ( my hives has be5 s unqualifi$ & ext5sive1 x has be5 because ! necessity = c>eful managem5t has be5 impress$ & adh]$ to1 & because ,bees1 9 ^: welf>e _! own]s _h be5 previ\sly un9t]e/$1 h be5 look$ ^u ) "s degree ( att5tion1 & _! lab\rs facilitat$ & requit$ by timely adm9i/]+ to _! wants & com=ts4 ,9 ! same way1 ,i believe1 t by att5tion to ! obs]vations conta9$ 9 ^! pages1 ! cottag]s' lab\rs may be m amply repaid1 & t m honey may be obta9$1 ev5 by _! r\gh practices2 :il/ ?is w be prep>+ !m = ! adoption ( my improv$ plans & gradually pave ! way = its g5]al introduction4 ,= ?is ,i m p>ticul>ly ref] to ! prec$+ *apt]1 & to t on ,bee-fe$+1 i4 e4 *apt]s ,,xiv4 & ,,xvii4 ,x has (t5 be5 sugge/$ to me1 to po9t out h[ ! culture ( ,honey-,bees might be m g5]ally ext5d$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & r5d]$ m advantage\s to ! cottag] ?an x has be5 hi!rto4 ,z reg>ds ! ext5sion ( ,bee-cultivation1 ,i w\ld obs]ve1 t if ^? g5tlem51 especially ^? g5tlem5 resid5t 9 ! c\ntry1 :o possess afflu5ce1 influ5ce1 & leisure1 w\ld und]take to promote x--w\ld set ! example & keep ,bees1 _! example alone w\ld g f> to induce ! cottag] to keep !m2 & t1 z o!r c\ntries boa/1 & t s usefully1 _! api>ian societies1 ! =mation ( su* a society1 or societies1 c\ld n fail to be att5d$ ) b5eficial effects4 ,"s feeble attempts1 x is true1 to e/abli% su* a society h be5 made1 b h prov$ abortive1 :il/ premiums on ! subject h be5 (f]$ by o!r societies1,m injudici\sly1 z !y h t5d$ to p]petuate mi/ak5 views1 & to ret>d ! progress ( m correct ones4 ,i am n ins5sible ( ! extreme b5efit :i* has result$ to ! diff]5t bran*es ( indu/ry1 & to agriculture & horticulture 9 p>ticul>1 by well-regulat$ scales ( premiums1 emulat+ to sup]iority & necess>ily promot+ a b5eficial /imulus 9 ! diff]5t bran*es ) :i* !y are connect$4 ,&1 9 my op9ion1 no?+ w\ld m easily t5d to ! inculcation ( s\nd] views ( practice1 ?an1 if g5tlem51 pursu+ my pr9ciples1 w\ld int]e/ !mselves 9 connect+ ) ! objects ( su* associations m g5]ally1 graduat$ scales ( prizes1 regulat$ by ! quantity ( honey obta9$ f /ocks1 ! prosp]ity ( ! hives aft]w>ds1 & ! /ate ( ! api>y g5]ally1 c4 ,7 !y also to c\nt5ance ! plan ( plac+ colonies "u ! c>e ( lab\r+ cottag]s1 giv+ !m premiums z an inducem5t to c>eful managem5t1 !y c\ld n fail ( conf]r+ a b5efit1 by initiat+ !m into ! plans ( ! sy/em1 z well z by m advantage\sly divid+ ! pa/ure ( ! di/rict among ! diff]5t hives1 & !reby r5d]+ ! lab\r ( _! collect+ ! /ores consid]ably less to ! ,bees4 ,?is w\ld1 und\bt$ly1 effect mu*1 b ,i "k ( no means s decid$ly calculat$ to fo/] & enc\rage ! culture ( ,honey-,bees among all classes1 & m p>ticul>ly among ! population ( rural di/ricts1 z api>ian societies1 =m$ = ! express purpose ( ext5d+ & improv+ ! cultivation & managem5t ( ,honey-,bees4 ,footnote ,m3 ,a premium 0 la/ ye> 7#ahcc7 aw>d$ by ! ,cambridge%ire ,horticultural ,society1 to a ,mr4 ,widnal1 = 8 exhibition ( a glass ( honey4 ,b :e!r ! enc\ragem5t ( ,bee-culture be an object ( t v respectable society1--or :e!r ! rew>d giv5 to ,mr4 ,widnal on t occasion 0 a sort ( bye-premium1 be/[$ = ! gratification ( see+ a curiosity1 x did n appe>4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,miscellane\s ,,directions4 ,9 und]tak+ ?is "w1 z ,i orig9ally did1 at ! press+ solicitations ( sev]al ( ^? ,noblem5 & ,g5tlem51 ^: names grac$ ! li/ ( ! subscrib]s = ! fir/ edition1 ,i _h two ma9 objects 9 view2 ( :i* a full & p>ticul> explanation ( ! mode ( manag+ ,honey-,bees1 9 my boxes & ^u my pr9ciples1 0 "o1--& ! o!r1 :i* ,i d ard5tly hope w result f ! adoption & enc\ragem5t ( my long-tri$ plan1 is--! prospective improvem5t1 n only ( ! culture & condition ( ^? +5i\s1 admir$1 & mo/ int]e/+ little creatures1 b also ( honey & wax--! two valuable articles :i* ,bees1 & ,bees alone1 af=d u4 ,to prep>e ! way = ! accompli%m5t ( ! latt] ( ^! objects1 ,i h ex]t$ my be/ endeav\rs--,i h sp>$ nei!r pa9s nor exp5se1 to give m9ute1 &1 ,i tru/1 intelligible descriptions ( all my boxes & hives1 ( my ,bee-ma*9]y1 & ( e ?+ !reto p]ta9+2 :i* descriptions h be5 accompani$ ) su* practical directions & relations ( exp]im5ts1 z w1 if duly att5d$ to1 enable my ,bee-fri5ds to put _! api>ies ^u my humane & pr(itable sy/em ( managem5t4 ,!re=e ,i d n ?9k x is incumb5t ^u me to proce$ f>!r at pres5t4 ,i might easily d\ble ! size ( my book1 by ent]+ into & giv+ l5g?y details ( sev]al matt]s relative to ,bees1 :i* are n "h s mu* z h9t$ at2 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! di/ance t !y sometimes fly f _! hives 9 que/ ( honey1 & ! exp]im5ts t h be5 made to det]m9e t di/ance2--! nature ( honey-dew1 & h[ x is occasion$1--:y x ab\nds on "s trees & plants1 :il/ o!rs are entirely de/itute ( x1--:e!r x be a natural exudation ( ! plants t af=d x1--or :e!r x be produc$ by ! leaf-lice1 call$ aphides2--:y1 if ! impregnation ( a ,virg9-,que5 be ret>d$ beyond a c]ta9 numb] ( days aft] h] com+ into exi/5ce1 all ! eggs %e lays dur+ h] :ole life1 %\ld inv>iably produce drones2--! language ( ,bees1 = ,bees1 x has be5 held1 h _! peculi> language1 ?\gh ,i pr(ess n to und]/& x1 nor ev5 to h /udi$ x1 my bus9ess be+ ) _! habits2--! v>i\s diseases or maladies ) :i* skilful m5 assure u !y are occasionally affect$2--_! s5ses1 _! anatomy1 & _! in/9ct2--_! aff9ity to ! wasp2--exotic ,bees f ^? ( ,lapl& to ^? ( ,*9a2 & f ^? ( ,sib]ia to ^? ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope2--! /+less ,bees ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,hancock1 t f ! luxuriant ev]-bloom+1 tropical plants & fl[]s1 produce black wax2,n :at ,ari/otle ha? rem>k$ on "o subject1--:at ,pl9y ha? said on ano!r1--:at classic ,virgil ha? s delightfully sung ( ! nature1 economy1 & managem5t ( ,bees 9 ,italy1--:at ,gelieu 9 mode/ prose ha? said ( ,bees 9 ,switz]l&1--,hub] & ,reaumur 9 ,france1 & a ho/ ( writ]s 9 ,g]many1 & 9 our own native ,engl&2 :at opposite op9ions h be5 ent]ta9$ respect+ honey2 :e!r plants & fl[]s secrete pure honey1 or :e!r ! sac*>9e matt] cull$ f !m und]goes any p]colat+1 rectify+1 *emical process 9 ! /oma* ( ! ,bee4--,i might obs]ve1 t ! illu/ri\s ,hunt] 0 ( op9ion t x und]goes no *ange2 al?\gh ! no less illu/ri\s naturali/ ,reaumur1 & ! entomologi/s ,kirby & ,sp5ce1 imag9e t "s *ange does take place be=e ! honey is /or$ 9 ! cells1--t1 z ! nect>i\s exudation ( plants is n ( ! same consi/5ce z honey f ! hives1 x is reasonable to suppose t x und]goes "s *ange 9 transitu :il/ 9 ! body ( ! ,bee2 t1 z f> z my exp]i5ce has enabl$ me to make obs]vations on ?is subject1 ,i am dispos$ to lean to ! op9ion ( ,reaumur1 ,kirby1 & ,sp5ce1 & to ascribe ! diff]5ce betwe5 honey 9 ! nect>ium ( a fl[] or on ! leaf ( a tree1 & honey 9 ! cells ( a comb1 to ! absorption ( ! volatile p>ts ( ! sac*>9e ( ! plants & fl[]s :il/ 9 ! honey-bag2 :i* absorption is aid$ & accel]at$ by ! natural heat ( ! ,bee1 & by :i* process honey is r5d]$ ( uni=m consi/5ce1 9 ! graphic language ( my *emical fri5d--,mr4 ,boo?--,i might exclaim1 ,h[ necess>ily d ! lea/ valu$ products 9 ! economy ( nature1 elim9at$ 9 ! mo/ m9iature laboratory ( h] op]ations1 confirm u 9 ! belief ( ! exi/5ce1 wisdom1 & p[] ( nature's ,god--! ,great ,*emi/--:o has n only imbu$ matt] to act ^u its fell[ matt] 9 ! inf9ity ( space1 to produce an inf9ite div]sity ( *anges 9 ! mat]ial _w2 b1 )9 ! small compass ( a ,bee1 has provid$ app>atus = c]ta9 *anges to take place1 :i* are m elaborate1 important1 & complicat$1 ?an are produc$ 9 ! l>ge/ app>atus ( ! manufactur]6 ,9 ?is little insect are p]=m$ all ^? *emical processes ( life1 by :i* nature is kept 9 ! equanimity & beauty ( exi/5ce--"h composition & decomposition1 solution & precipitation1 sublimation1 volatilization1 di/illation1 & absorption1 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( heat & attraction1 take place on ! m9ute/ matt]s1 secret$ by ! plants & collect$ by ! ,bees2 & 9 ! hive1 by ! conc5tration ( _! individual ef=ts1 is elaborat$ t imm5se quantity ( ^? important products1 :i* con/itute su* useful commodities 9 ! arts & economy ( life4 ,footnote ,n3 ,see page #aa1 antea4 ,! discussion ( "s ( ^! topics1 & diss]tations on o!rs1 might be made amus+1 p]haps int]e/+1 & w\ld1 at all ev5ts1 swell ! size ( my book2 b :e!r ,i %\ld !reby enhance its intr9sic m]its 7if intr9sic m]it x possess7 is m ?an ,i d>e v5ture to affirm4 ,9 %ort1 ^! topics come n )9 my plan1--!y are =eign to x1 & ,i gladly leave !m to be treat$ ( by o!rs1 ^: le>n+ is m>e able to cope ) !m1 & ^: ta/e may direct !m to su* subjects4 ,i h )held no?+ t ,i deem to be ess5tially necess>y to ! ?or\gh und]/&+ ( my mode ( ,bee-managem5t2 consequ5tly1 ,i anticipate t my two ma9 objects w ev5tually be atta9$--t ,bee-culture w become a pleas+ & a pr(itable /udy--a s\rce ( in/ructive amusem5t & ( pr(it too1--& t our c\ntry w1 at no great di/ance ( "t1 be ev]y:]e /udd$ & ornam5t$ ) neat1 well-ord]$ api>ies4 ,i w1 !re=e1 n[ close my pres5t lab\rs ) a few miscellane\s directions1 *iefly recapitulatory1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( _! importance1 e api>ian %\ld con/antly be> 9 m9d4 ,h y\r ,bee-boxes well-made1 & ( good sub/antial mat]ials4 ,/r5g? & durability are ( great] consequ5ce ?an neatness1 ?\gh t ne$ n be neglect$--neatness & /r5g? are n incompatible--!y may be comb9$4 ,pa9t y\r boxes annually1 :5 !y are 9 _! w9t] situation4 ,make a cle> gr\nd or floor-way f ! pavilion into ea* ( ! end-boxes1 by cutt+ away ab\t two in*es f ! l[] edge ( ea* ( ! correspond+ ends1 to ! dep? ( half an in*2 & make ?is way or passage z ne> ! front-entrance z x conv5i5tly may be4 ,?is conv5i5ce has be5 sugge/$ to me s9ce ! directions = mak+ collat]al-boxes 7 pr9t$1 & ,i !re=e m5tion x "h z an improvem5t1 because su* a way on ! floor1 & )\t any climb+1 w af=d an additional accommodation to ,bees on _m occasions4 ,boxes w n "w ,bees1 nei!r w ,bees "w boxes to advantage1 unless due att5tion be paid to !m--i4 e4 bo? to boxes & to ,bees4 ,situation is ( prime importance3 = summ] x %\ld be cle> & op5 9 front ( y\r boxes1 & %elt]$ at _! back by a nor?-wall or by a ?ick h$ge4 ,9 summ] let _! aspect be s\?-ea/3--e>ly 9 spr+1 & aga9 9 autumn1 due s\? is ! be/ po9t to be 9 front3 !re=e1 z spr+ advances turn ! front ( y\r boxes ea/w>d1 & z summ] decl9es move !m back aga9 to _! spr+ aspect2 or1 9 o!r words1 :5 !re is n m ?an twelve h\rs' sun1 let ! front ( y\r boxes be due s\?2 & dur+ ! "t t ! sun is m ?an twelve h\rs above ! horizon1 let x be s\?-ea/4 ,always h ! *e]ful rays ( ! morn+ sun fall ^u y\r boxes3 b contrive to ?r[ a %ade ^u _! front = a few h\rs 9 ! middle ( ! day1 :5 ! wea!r is v hot4 ,su* a %ade w be grateful to y\r ,bees4 ,elevate y\r boxes tw5ty in*es or two feet above ! gr\nd3 & always keep ! grass or gr\nd1 "u & ne> !m1 neat & clean1 & entirely free f all nuisances4 ,a con/ant supply ( wat] 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( y\r api>y is highly desirable2 if !re=e y h n a natural supply ( t elem5t1 s necess>y = ,bees1 contrive to let !m h x by artificial means--by plac+ x 9 or ne> y\r api>y1 9 l>ge1 %all[ di%es1 or 9 wood5 tr\ghs1 p>tially cov]+ ! surface ) re$ or moss1 & be c>eful to repl5i% !m1 s t y\r ,bees may always f9d x !re4 ,suff] n ants to burr[ ne> y\r ,bees4 ,ants are enemies to ,bees1 & w annoy !m1 if !y get among !m4 ,spid]s also are ,bee-de/roy]s2 !re=e1 bru% away _! entangl+ webs1 :5ev] & :]ev] y f9d !m ab\t y\r boxes4 ,f[ls %\ld n be p]mitt$ 9 an api>y4 ,e>ly 9 spr+ let ! entrance be n m ?an an in*1 & increase x gradually to its full ext5t1 z y f9d occasion3 contract x aga9 t[>ds ! fall ( ! ye>2 &1 if ! mo?s be tr\blesome 9 summ] ev5+s1 ne>ly close x e ev5+2 b take c>e to op5 x aga9 ei!r e>ly next morn+1 or z soon z ! ev5+ flight ( ! mo?s is ov]4 ,?is att5tion is m p>ticul>ly due to weak /ocks1 & af=ds !m great protection aga9/ ! attacks ( mo?s1 :i* are among ! bolde/1 ! mo/ p]sev]+1 &1 :5 once !y h got into a hive1 mo/ de/ructive enemies to ,bees4 ,de/roy wasps & wasps' ne/s :]ev] y f9d !m 9 ! vic9ity ( y\r api>y4 ,! de/ruction ( que5-wasps 9 spr+ is ! mo/ effectual me?od ( dim9i%+ ! numb] ( ^! =midable ,bee-enemies2 because ! de/ruction ( a que5-wasp 9 spr+ is tantam\nt to ! de/ruction ( a :ole ne/ aft]w>ds4 ,light 9 ! domicil ( ,bees1 if n actually prejudicial to !m1 is1 at any rate1 displeas+ to !m2 !re=e1 be c>eful nev] to expose y\r ,bees unnecess>ily to its gl>e3 nev] leave ! w9d[-doors op51 nor suff] c>eless visitors to d s4 ,my +5i\s fri5d1 ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,cl>k1 ( ,g$ney-,hill1 sugge/s ! propriety ( recomm5d+ t ! w9d[-doors be self-%utt+ doors4 ,?is1 he says1 may be done by fix+ ^u ea* door a light1 easy spr+1 simil> to ^? made use ( to %ut doors 9 good h\ses2 or by a cord atta*$ to ea* door1 & pass$ ?r\gh an eye1 & ov] a small pulley fix$ to ! side ( ea* box2 f ! end ( :i* cord a weight ( two or ?ree ounces mu/ be susp5d$4 ,?is weight1 act+ ^u ! cord1 w draw ! little doors to ! w9d[s1 t is1 x w %ut !m4 ,! cords1 eyes1 & pulleys1 he fur!r says1 may be s arrang$1 t "o small weight w keep all ! hive doors1 9 a set ( collat]al-boxes1 clos$ & safe1 & may be made to hang "u ! floor4 ,i h no hesitation 9 recomm5d+ 8 sugge/ion z +5i\s1 practicable1 & useful4 ,! be/ security1 h[ev]1 aft] all1 is t af=d$ by lock & key1 ! key be+ 9 ! con/ant possession ( ! own]4 ,v5tilate y\r collat]al-boxes & bell-glasses1 :5 ! int]ior temp]ature is at1 or above1 #gj degrees4 ,nev] irritate y\r ,bees1 nor (f] any sort ( viol5ce or opposition to !m2 & %\ld an angry ,bee or two at any "t attack y1 walk quietly away1 & leave !m to settle into peace aga94 ,on no acc\nt drive y\r ,bees2 x is a ru9\s practice4 ,) boxes1 h[ev]1 ,i tru/1 x is impracticable1 & totally sup]s$$4 ,nev] di/urb1 nor 9 any way int]f]e )1 ! middle-box4 ,on no acc\nt de/roy any ( y\r ,bees3 indep5d5tly ( its cruelty1 x is an impolitic practice3 x is l cutt+ d[n a tree to get at its fruit1 :i* may easily be ga!r$ by less labori\s & inde/ructive means4 ,enc\rage y\r ,bees1--accommodate !m1--support !m1--& by all means pres]ve !m2 &1 :5 seasons are fav\rable1 !y w ri*ly rew>d y = y\r att5tion to !m4 ,always keep a cottage-hive1 or s+le box or two1 9 y\r api>y1 = ! purpose ( hav+ sw>ms f !m1 ) :i* to /ock empty boxes1 or to /r5g!n su* /ocks z may /& 9 ne$ ( additional numb]s2 & proce$ ) su* supplem5t>y sw>ms z direct$ 9 pages #db-de4 ,nev] impov]i% y\r ,bees by tak+ f !m m honey ?an !y h to sp>e4 ,always suff] !m to be 9 possession ( a pl5tiful /ore4 ,ov]-deprivation di/resses !m1 & is no ga9 to ! proprietor4 ,among o!r reasons ?is is "o = my repeat$ directions--n to t\* ! middle-box4 ,honey ( ! v f9e/ quality may commonly be obta9$ f collat]al-boxes1 z e>ly 9 ! season z ! mon?s ( ,may & ,june1 )\t injur+ ! p>5t-/ock 9 ! slighte/ degree4 ,! enl>gem5t ( _! domicil by return+ an empty glass1 or an empty box1 to ! place f :i* a full "o has be5 tak51 is at ?is busy p]iod ( _! lab\r an accommodation to ,bees1 & is "o great means ( prev5t+ ! necessity = _! sw>m+1 z x enables !m to cont9ue _! "w at ! "t t !re is ! greate/ abundance ( treasure = !m 9 ! fields1 & :5 ,bees 9 cottage-hives _c pr(it by x1 ow+ to _! want1 n ( incl9ation to ga!r x1 b ( room 9 _! hive to /ore x2 !y !re=e sw>m once1 twice1 p]haps ?ree times4 ,:at !n c be aft]w>ds expect$ f su* exhau/$ /ocks b weakness & pov]ty8 ,! m num]\s ! work+ ,bees are 9 any colony1 ! m honey !y w collect1 provid$ !y h room :]e9 to /ore x4 ,accommodate !m1 !n1 ) conv5i5t /ore-room1 & ! m work]s y h 9 y\r boxes ! bett]4 ,up to ! middle ( ,augu/ y may1 ) safety1 t is1 )\t injury to ! ,bees1 take (f glasses & boxes1 z !y become ready4 ,aft] t "t x is advisable to h1 & to leave1 9 e colony1 honey suffici5t = ! subsi/5ce ( ! ,bees until next spr+2 & %\ld y take (f a full box1 lat] 9 ! season ?an ! middle ( ,augu/1 in/ead ( empty+ x ( all its treasure1 be cont5t ) a "p ( x1--take a "p1 & return a "p--%>e x ) y\r ,bees1 & let _! %>e be a lib]al "o4 ,z has be5 already enjo9$--on no acc\nt impov]i% !m by ov]-deprivation1 at t prec>i\s season especially4 ,!y possibly may collect mu* honey aft] t "t2 if s1 %>e ) !m aga92 if n1 h !m ri* f y\r fir/ b\nty4 ,:5 a box1 well-/or$ ) honey1 is tak5 (f1 x is n an easy matt] to extract ! fir/ comb or two1 )\t break+ !m & spoil+ _! beauty1 besides %$d+ m or less ( ! honey2 !re=e1 be prep>$ ) prop] knives4 ,any common knife t has a blade long en\gh1 may s]ve to sev] ! combs f ! sides ( a box3 b1 to cut !m f ! top1 x is advisable to h an in/rum5t1 :i* may be call$ a ,bee-knife1 ( ! foll[+ con/ruction3--a two-edg$1 lancet-%ap$ blade1 two in*es long & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* broad1 hav+ ! hole1 ?r\gh :i* ! rivet w\ld pass to fix x 9 a haft1 drill$ l>ge en\gh to admit ! end ( a /eel rod1 ^u :i* x is to be well braz$ or rivet$3 ! o!r end ( ?is rod may be f9i%$ ) a neat h&le1 leav+ its cle> l5g? betwe5 ! contrate blade & ! h&le elev5 in*es--t be+ r m ?an ! dep? ( my ,bee-boxes4 ,a knife ( ?is description may easily be pass$ betwe5 ! combs1 & is v conv5i5t = cutt+ !m f ! top ( a box4 ,:5ev] y h occasion to p]=m any op]ation among y\r ,bees1 be provid$ ) e requisite mat]ial1 implem5t1 c4 ,h n any ?+ to seek =1 mu* less to get made1 at ! mom5t x is want$3 t mom5t may p]haps be a critical "o4 ,9 ,septemb] unite ! ,bees ( poor /ocks to ri* ones2 & n[1 or 9 ,m>*1 transf] /ocks f /raw-hives into boxes4 ,previ\sly to )draw+ ! t9-divid]1 = ! purpose ( op5+ ! communication into an end-box1 take (f ! end-box & dress its inside ) a little liquid honey2 ?is w br+ ! ,bees into x1 :51 b = ! honey1 !y w\ld p]haps refuse to ent] x2 & at t "t close ! v5tilation4 ,x is wrong to v5tilate empty boxes1 because x drives ! ,bees into ! pavilion3 & x is a fact1 t !y w sw>m f ! pavilion1 r ?an take possession ( an empty end-box1 if its temp]ature be1 & be kept1 disagreeably cold1 by hav+ ! v5tilation op5 at ! v "t x %\ld be c>efully clos$4 ,?is w bo? expla9 & rem$y ! difficulty1 t "s api>ians compla9 ( hav+ exp]i5c$1 9 gett+ _! ,bees to take possession ( an empty box2 x w also acc\nt = sw>ms sometimes leav+ ! pavilion :5 !re is no want ( room3 ! fact is--t ! temp]ature ( t room is n agreeable to !m3 b x is ow+ to ! mismanagem5t ( ! apiator t x is o!rwise ?an agreeable4 ,:5ev] a box is tak5 (f1 be c>eful to op5 ! p]=ations 9 ! cyl9d]-v5tilator1 _m ( :i* w be f\nd seal$ up ) propolis4 ,^! p]=ations may be cle>$ at any "t1 by introduc+ a piece ( wire ) a %>p5$ po9t1 turn$ s z to pick out ! propolis2 b !y are mo/ effectually op5$ :5 a box is (f4 ,t[>ds ! latt] end ( ,novemb]1 or e>li]1 if ! wea!r be inclem5t & sev]e1 remove y\r ,bee-boxes to _! w9t] situation3 ?is %\ld be dry1 quiet1 cool1 & d>k1 & place y\r boxes 9 x s t !y may front t[>ds ! nor? or nor?-ea/4 ,gu>d & close ! entrance ) a piece ( f9e wire-clo?1 ( ,l>ivi]e's pat5t t91 or ( p]=at$ z9c1 7:i* is ! be/1 on acc\nt ( its n corrod+7 made fa/ to ! box1 ei!r ( :i* w conf9e ! ,bees )9 _! domicil1 admit pl5ty ( fre% air1 & keep out inimical intrud]s4 ,?us prep>$ = w9t]1 hav+ e t9 & block 9 its prop] place1 di/urb y\r ,bees z little z possible1 &1 come w9t] z x may1 !y w pass x 9 t /ate ( semi-ins5sibility1 or torpor1 :i* nature1 or ) rev]5ce let me r say--nature's ,god has appo9t$ = !m4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,febru>y1 or z soon z vegetation beg9s to make its appe>ance1 take y\r boxes f _! w9t] to _! summ] /&s1 & comm5ce ano!r c\rse ( att5tions1 obs]vations1 & humane managem5t1 simil> to t h]e9 direct$ & expla9$4 ,&1 ?\gh cases may arise1 & difficulties occur 9 ! c\rse ( y\r practice1 = ! rem$y+ ( :i* no specific directions are1 or c be1 "h giv51 y\r own exp]i5ce & progressive improvem5t 9 ! pleas+ sci5ce ( ,bee-managem5t1 w lead y to adopt ! prop] mode ( treat+ ! =m]1 & ! prop] means = surm\nt+ ! latt]4 ,,! ,,end4 ,h4 ,,& ,j4 ,,lea*1 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,wisbe*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib] ,note ,m9or typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,hyph5ation /&>diz$ to mo/ utiliz$ =m h]e94