,transcrib]'s ,notes  ,obvi\s           
typographical errors h be5 sil5tly      
correct$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation h be5 
/&>dis$ b all o!r spell+ & punctuation  
rema9s un*ang$4  ,italics are repres5t$ 
?us italic4                             
,,popul> ,,sup]/itions1                 
,,&                       ,,! ,,tru?s   
,,conta9$ ,,!re91                       
,,) ,,an                                
,,acc\nt ,,( ,,mesm]ism4                
,,by                            ,,h]b]t 
,,mayo1 ,m4,d41  ,,=m]ly ,,s5ior        
,,surgeon ,,( ,,middlesex ,,hospital2   
,,pr(essor ,,( ,,anatomy ,,&            
,,physiology ,,9 ,,k+',s ,,college2     
,,pr(essor ,,( ,,comp>ative ,,anatomy   
,,9 ,,! ,,royal ,,college ,,(           
,,surgeons1 ,,london4                   
,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,g4,s41 ,,etc4            
,,f ,,! ,,?ird ,,london ,,edition4      
,,philadelphia3                         
,,l9dsay ,,& ,,blaki/on4                
#aheb4     ,,wm4 ,s4 ,,"y1 ,,pr9t]4     
,,prefatory ,,rem>ks4   ,9 ! foll[+     

,lett]s ,i h endeav\r$ to exhibit 9 _!  
true light ! s+ul> natural ph5om5a ( :i*
 old sup]/ition & mod]n *>latanism 9    
turn avail$ !mselves--to indicate _!    
laws1 & to develop _! !ory4 ,! subject  
is s important t ,i might well h        
approa*$ x 9 a sev]] guise4 ,b1 slight z
 ?is p]=mance may appe>1 ,i pr(ess to h 
employ$ ^u x ! ke5e/ & mo/ pati5t ef=ts 
( reflection ( :i* ,i am capable4 ,& z  
to its tone at ! comm5cem5t1 & !        
prom95ce giv5 to popul> & trivial       
topics1 ,i c&idly av[ t1 )\t "s su*     
artifice1 ,i d\bt :e!r ,i %\ld h f\nd a 
publi%] ( repute to publi%1 or a circle 
( read]s to read1 my lucubrations4      
8,cosi all' egro fanciul porgiamo asp]si
     ,di soave licor gli orli del vaso2 
,suc*i am>i +annato intanto ei beve1    
,e dall' +anno suo vita riceve40  ,x 0 9
 ! w9t] ( #ahdf t ! orig9al sev5 ,lett]s
 7 writt51 ( :i* ! pres5t f\rte5 are !  
?ird & exp&$ repr9t4 ,! h\r _h come =   
successfully assail+ c]ta9 already %ak+ 
prejudices ( ! read+ public4 ,!         

,selb/s*au ( ,zs*okke1 & ! rese>*es (   
,von ,rei*5ba*1 7 9 ! h&s ( ! lit]>y &  
philosophic4 ,! se]-gift ( ! =m] 7see   
,lett] ,,iv47 _h e/abli%$ ! fact t "o   
m9d c ent] into direct ?\gh "o-sid$     
communion ) ano!r4 ,! und5i$ ,od-=ce ( !
 latt] 7see ,lett] ,i47 is evid5tly !   
same influ5ce ) t1 ! fir/ crude         
ann\ncem5t ( :i*1 by ,mesm]1 _h sc>$ !  
_w into disbelief4 ,x _h n[ become      
possible to expla9 gho/ly w>n+s1 &      
popul> prophecies1 ! wond]s ( natural   
trance1 & ( animal magnetism1 )\t hav+  
rec\rse to a s+le unprov5 pr9ciple4 ,i  
!re=e made ! attempt2 o!r m effici5t    
lab\r]s h co-op]at$ 9 ! same object2 &  
public op9ion is no long] ho/ile to ?is 
class ( inquiries4    ,,bad ,,weilba*1  
ne> ,,may5ce1   #a/ ,augu/1 #ahea4      
,,cont5ts4     ,,lett] ,i4 ,,!          
,,div9+-,,rod4--,description (1 & mode  
( us+ ! same--,mr4 ,fairholm's          
/atem5t--,m4 de   ,tri/an's             
/atem5t--,acc\nt ( ,von ,rei*5ba*'s     
,od-=ce--,!   ,au?or's own obs]vations1 

#i    ,,lett] ,,ii4 ,,vampyrism4--,tale 
exemplify+ ! sup]/ition--,!   ,vampyr   
/ate ( ! body 9 ! grave--,v>i\s         
in/ances ( dea?-trance--,! risk (       
premature int]m5t   consid]$--,! ,vampyr
 visit1                                 
#cj    ,,lett] ,,iii4 ,,unreal          
,,gho/s4--,law ( s5sorial               
illusions--,cases   ( ,nicolai1         
,s*w$5borg1 ,joan (                     
,arc--,fet*es--,*ur*y>d   gho/s1        
#ec    ,,lett] ,,iv4 ,,true ,,gho/s4--,!
 app>itions !mselves   always s5sorial  
illusions--,! tru? ( _! communications  
acc\nt$ =--,zs*okke's se]-gift describ$1
   to %[ ! possibility ( direct m5tal   
communication--,second-sight--,! true   
relation ( !   m9d to ! liv+ body1      
#gj    ,,lett] ,v4 ,,trance4--,di/9ction
 ( esoneural & exoneural   m5tal        
ph5om5a--,abnormal relation ( ! m9d   & 
n]v\s sy/em                             
possible--,insanity--,sleep--,ess5tial  
nature ( trance--,its alliance )        
spasmodic seizures--,g5]al   *>act]s (  

trance--,enum]ation (   k9ds1           
#hf    ,,lett] ,,vi4                    
,,trance-,,sleep4--,! ph5om5a ( trance  
divid$ into ^? ( trance-sleep1 & ^? (   
trance-wak+--,trance-sleep   pres5ts    
?ree =ms2 ,trance-wak+   two4 ,! ?ree   
=ms ( trance sleep describ$2   viz41    
dea?-trance1 trance-coma1 simple or     
initiatory   trance1                    
#ih    ,,lett] ,,vii4 ,,half-,,wak+     
,,trance1 ,,or ,,somnambulism4--,!      
same ?+ ) ord9>y sleep-walk+--,its      
*>act]i/ic   feature1 ! act+ ( a        
dream--,cases1 & disquisition1          
#ajf    ,,lett] ,,viii4                 
,,trance-,,wak+4--,in/ances ( its       
spontane\s   occurr5ce 9 ! =m (         
catalepsy--,analysis (   catalepsy--its 
?ree elem5ts3 d\ble consci\sness1 or    
pure wak+-trance2 ! spasmodic seizure2 !
 new   m5tal p[]s display$--,cases      
exemplify+ catalepsy--,o!r   cases      
unatt5d$ ) spasm1 b ( spontane\s        
occurr5ce1 9 :i* new m5tal p[]s 7       
manife/$--,oracles ( antiquity--,animal 

in/9ct--,intuition1         #aaf        
,,lett] ,,ix4 ,,religi\s                
,,delusions4--,! seizures giv+   rise to
 !m %[n to h be5 =ms ( trance br\ght    
on by fanatical excitem5t--,!           
,cev5nes--,sc5es at   ! tomb ( ! ,abb   
,p>is--,revivals 9 ,am]ica--,!          
,ec/atica ( ,cald>o--,?ree =ms ( imput$ 
demoniacal   possession--,wit*craft2 its
 m>vels1 & ! solution1              #acf
    ,,lett] ,x4 ,,mesm]ism4--,use (     
*lor(orm--,hi/ory (   ,mesm]--,! true   
nature & ext5t ( 8 discov]y--,its       
applications to m$ic9e & surg]y--,v>i\s 
effects produc$ by mesm]ic              
manipulations--,hy/]ic   seizures--,/4  
,veitz's dance--,n]v\s                  
p>alysis--,cato*us--,initiatory         
trance--,! ord] 9 :i* ! high]           
trance-ph5om5a are aft]w>ds g5]ally     
drawn out1               #aec    ,,lett]
 ,,xi4 ,,supplem5tal4--,abnormal        
neuro-psy*ical   relation--,cautions    
necess>y 9 receiv+ trance               
communications--,trance-visit+--,mesm]is

+ at a di/ance1   & by ! w--,mesm]ic    
diagnosis & treatm5t   (                
disease--,prevision--,ultra-vital       
vision1                           #age  
,,lett] ,,xii4 ,,! ,,odomet] ,,or       
,,div9+-,,r+4--,h[   come ^u by !       
au?or--,8 fir/ exp]im5ts--,!   ph5om5a  
an objective pro( ( ! reality ( !       
,od-=ce1       #bji    ,,lett] ,,xiii4  
,,! ,,solution4--,exam9ation ( !        
g5u95ess   ( ! ph5om5a--,od-motions     
produc$ by bodies   9 _! mo/ in]t       
/ate--,analysis ( ! =ces :i*   orig9ate 
!m--,od-motions connect$ ) electrical1  
magnetic1 *emical1 cry/all9e1 & vital   
influ5ces--,_!   analysis1              
#bai    ,,po/script4--,fur!r analysis ( 
,od-motions--,pro( ( _!                 
g5u95ess--,explanation ( _! imm$iate    
cause1                  #bdb    ,,lett] 
,,xiv4 ,,hypnotism4                     
,,trance-,,umbra4--,mr4 ,braid's        
discov]y--,trance-faculties manife/$ 9 !
 wak+   /ate--,self-induc$ wak+         
clairvoyance--,conclusion1              

#bdh     ,,on ,,popul> ,,sup]/itions4   
,,lett] ,i4   ,,! ,,div9+               
,,rod4--,description ( & mode ( us+ !   
same--,mr4  ,fairholm's /atem5t--,m4 de 
,tri/an's /atem5t--,acc\nt ( ,von       
,rei*5ba*'s ,od =ce--,! ,au?or's own    
obs]vations4   ,de> ,ar*y1--,z a res\rce
 9 ! solit>y ev5+s ( comm5c+ w9t]1 x    
occurr$ to me to look into !            
long-neglect$ lore ( ! m>vell\s1 !      
my/ical1 ! sup]natural4 ,i rememb]$ !   
deep awe ) :i* ,i _h li/5$1 _m a ye>    
ago1 to tales ( se]s1 gho/s1 vampyrs1 & 
all ! d>k brood ( night4 ,& ,i ?\ght x  
w\ld be inf9itely agreeable to ?rill    
aga9 ) my/]i\s t]rors1 to />t 9 my *air 
at ! clos+ ( a di/ant door1 to raise my 
eyes ) uneasy appreh5sion t[>ds ! mirror
 opposite1 & to feel my sk9 creep ?r\gh 
! s5sible 8afflatus0 ( an invisible     
pres5ce4 ,i ent]$1 accord+ly1 ^u a v    
promis+ c\rse ( appall+ read+4 ,b1      
a-lack & well-a-day6 a *ange _h come ov]
 me s9ce ! good old times :5 fancy1 )   
fe> & sup]/ition beh9d h]1 w\ld creep on

 tiptoe to cat* a %udd]+ glimpse (      
,kobbold1 ,fay1 or incubus4 ,va9 7 all  
my ef=ts to revive ! pleasant horrors ( 
e>li] ye>s3 x 0 z if ,i _h plann$ go+ to
 a play to enjoy aga9 ! full gu/o (     
sc5ic illusion1 &1 ?r\gh abs5ce ( m9d1 0
 att5d+ a morn+ rehe>sal only2 :51      
in/ead ( :at ,i _h anticipat$1          
great-coats1 hats1 umbrellas1 & ord9>y  
m5 & wom51 masks1 t9sel1 trap-doors1    
pulleys1 & a _w ( intricate ma*9]y1 lit 
by a p>tial gleam ( sun%9e1 _h met my   
view4 ,! en*antm5t 0 no long] !re--!    
spell 0 brok54  ,yet1 on second ?\ghts1 
! daylight sc5e 0 wor? contemplat+4 ,a  
new object1 ( /rong] int]e/1 sugge/$    
itself4 ,i might exam9e & le>n !        
me*anism ( ! illusions :i* _h fail$ to  
furni% me ! project$ ent]ta9m5t4 ,9 !   
books ,i _h look$ into1 ,i disc]n$ a    
clue to ! explanation ( _m wond]ful     
/ories1 :i* ,i c\ld hi!rto only s]i\sly 
meet by disbelief4 ,i saw t ph5om5a1 :i*
 be=e _h appe>$ isolat$1 dep5d$ ^u a    
common pr9ciple1 itself alli$ ) a v>iety

 ( o!r s+ul> facts & obs]vations1 :i*   
want$ only to be plac$ 9 philosophical  
juxtaposition to be recognis$ z belong+ 
to sci5ce4 ,s ,i det]m9$ to employ !    
leisure be=e me ^u an inquiry into !    
am\nt ( tru? 9 popul> sup]/itions1 c]ta9
 t1 if ! attempt 7 n premature1 ! lab\r 
w\ld be well repaid4 ,!re mu/ be a real 
f\ndation = ! belief ( ages4 ,!re c be  
no preval5t delusion )\t a correspond+  
tru?4 ,! vision>y promises ( al*emy     
=e%ad[$ ! solid p]=mances ( mod]n       
*emi/ry1 z ! debas$ wor%ip ( !          
,egyptians impli$ ! exi/5ce ( a prop]   
object ( wor%ip4  ,among ! immortal     
productions ( ! ,scotti% ,%akspe>e--y   
smile1 b t phrase conta9s ! true belief1
 n a popul> delusion2 = ! _s ( ! poet   
lives n 9 ! =m ( 8 works1 b 9 8 creative
 p[] & vivid intuitions ( nature2 & ! =m
 ev5 is (t5 ne>] ?an y ?9k3--b ?is      
excursiv5ess w nev] d2 s1 to beg9 aga94 
,among ! novels ( ,scott--,i int5d$ to  
say--!re is n "o m w9s ^u u ?an !       
,antiqu>y4 ,n[h]e has ! great au?or m   

g5tly & indulg5tly1 nev] ) happi] hum\r1
 portray$ ! mix$ web ( /r5g? & infirmity
 9 human "*2 nev]1 besides1 ) m facile  
p[] evok$ pa?os & t]ror1 & disport$     
himself amid ! sublimity & beauty (     
nature4 ,yet1 g5tle z is 8 mood1 he     
misses n ! opportunity--albeit1 9 g5]al1
 he displays an hone/ lean+ t[>ds old   
sup]/itions--m]cilessly to cru% "o ( !  
humble/4 ,d y rememb] ! ,priory ( ,/4   
,ru?1 & ! summ]-p>ty made to visit x1 & 
! prep>ations = ! subsequ5t rogu]ies (  
,d\/]swivel 9 ! tale ( ,m>t9 ,waldeck1 &
 ! discov]y ( a spr+ ( wat] by means ( !
 div9+ rod8  ,i am incl9$1 d y "k1 to   
dispute ! v]dict ( ! noveli/ on ?is     
occasion1 & to take ! "p ( ! *>latan    
aga9/ ! au?or ( 8 be+2 z f>1 at lea/1 z 
reg>ds ! g5u95ess ( ! art ! said *>latan
 !n & !re affect$ to practise4 ,!re     
exi/s1 9 fact1 /rong evid5ce to %[ t1 9 
compet5t h&s1 ! div9+ rod really does   
:at is pret5d$ ( x4 ,?is evid5ce ,i     
propose to put be=e y 9 ! pres5t lett]4 
,b1 z ! subject may be entirely new to  

y1 ,i _h be/ beg9 by describ+ :at is    
meant by a div9+ rod1 & 9 :at ! imput$  
juggl]y consi/s4  ,!n y are to le>n t1 9
 m9+ di/ricts1 a sup]/ition prevails    
among ! p t "s are born gift$ ) an      
occult p[] ( detect+ ! proximity ( ve9s 
( metal1 & ( und]gr\nd curr5ts ( wat]4  
,9 ,cornwall1 !y hold t ab\t "o 9 =ty   
possesses ?is faculty4 ,! mode ( ex]cis+
 x is v simple4 ,!y cut a hazel twig1 j 
bel[ :]e x =ks4 ,hav+ /ripp$ ! leaves   
(f1 !y cut ea* bran* to some?+ m ?an a  
foot 9 l5g?1 leav+ ! /ump ?ree in*es    
long4 ,?is implem5t is ! div9+ rod4 ,!  
hazel is select$ = ! purpose1 because x 
bran*es m symmetrically ?an its         
neighb\rs4 ,! hazel-=k is to be held by 
! bran*es1 "o 9 ei!r h&1 ! /ump or po9t 
project+ /raight =w>ds4 ,! arms ( !     
exp]im5t] hang by 8 sides2 b ! elb[s be+
 b5t at a "r angle1 ! =e-arms are       
advanc$ horizontally2 ! h&s are held    
eight to t5 in*es ap>t2 ! knuckles d[n1 
& ! ?umbs outw>ds4 ,! ends ( ! bran*es (
 ! div9+ =k appe> betwe5 ! roots ( !    

?umbs & =e-f+]s4  ,! op]ator1 ?us arm$1 
walks ov] ! gr\nd he int5ds explor+1 9 !
 full expectation t1 if he possesses !  
my/ic gift1 z soon z he passes ov] a ve9
 ( metal1 or an und]gr\nd spr+1 !       
hazel-=k w beg9 to move spontane\sly 9 8
 h&s1 ris+ or fall+ z ! case may be4  ,y
 are possibly amus$ at my gravely /at+1 
z a fact1 an ev5t s unlikely4 ,x is1    
inde$1 natural t y %\ld suppose ! :ole a
 juggle1 & ?9k ! seem+ly spontane\s     
motion ( ! div9+ =k to be really        
communicat$ to x by ! h&s ( !           
conjur]--by a sleight1 9 fact1 :i* he   
puts 9 practice :5 he believes t he is  
walk+ ov] a hidd5 wat]-c\rse1 or wi%es y
 to believe t !re is a ve9 ( metal ne>4 
,well1 ,i ?\ght z y d ! great] "p ( my  
life2 & probably ! likelie/ way (       
combat+ y\r skepticism1 w be to tell y  
h[ my own conv]sion took place4  ,9 !   
summ] ( #ahdc ,i dwelt "u ! same ro( ) a
 ,scotti% g5tleman1 well in=m$1 ( a     
s]i\s turn ( m9d1 fully end[$ ) !       
national all[ance ( %rewdness & caution4

 ,i saw a good deal ( him2 & "o day1 by 
*ance1 ?is subject ( ! div9+ rod 0      
m5tion$4 ,he told me1 t at "o "t 8      
curiosity hav+ be5 rais$ ^u ! subject1  
he _h tak5 pa9s to asc]ta9 :at !re is 9 
x4 ,) ?is object 9 view he _h obta9$ an 
introduction to ,mrs4 ,r41 si/] ( ,sir  
,g4 ,r41 !n liv+ at ,s\?ampton1 :om he  
_h le>n$ to be "o ( ^? 9 ^: h&s ! div9+ 
rod mov$4 ,he visit$ ! lady1 :o 0 polite
 en\gh to %[ him 9 :at ! p]=mance       
consi/s1 & to answ] all 8 que/ions1 & to
 assi/ him 9 mak+ exp]im5ts calculat$ to
 te/ ! reality ( ! ph5om5on1 & to       
elucidate its cause4  ,mrs4 ,r4 told my 
fri5d t1 be+ at ,*elt5ham 9 #ahjf1 %e   
saw1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! div9+ rod us$ by    
,mrs4 ,colonel ,beaumont1 :o possess$ ! 
p[] ( imp>t+ motion to x 9 a v rem>kable
 degree4 ,mrs4 ,r4 tri$ ! exp]im5t      
h]self at t "t1 b )\t any success4 ,%e  
01 z x happ5$1 v f> f well4 ,aft]w>ds1 9
 ! ye> #ahae1 be+ ask$ by a fri5d h[ !  
div9+ rod is held1 & h[ x is to be us$1 
on %[+ x %e 0 surpris$ to see t !       

in/rum5t n[ mov$ 9 h] h&s4  ,s9ce !n1   
:5ev] %e _h repeat$ ! exp]im5t1 ! p[] _h
 always manife/$ itself1 ?\gh ) v>y+    
degrees ( en]gy4  ,mrs4 ,r4 !n took my  
fri5d to a "p ( ! %rubb]y :]e %e knew1 f
 =m] trials1 ! div9+ rod w\ld move 9 h] 
h&s4 ,x did s1 to my fri5d's extreme    
a/oni%m5t2 & ev5 cont9u$ to move1 :51   
avail+ himself ( ,mrs4 ,r4's p]mission1 
my fri5d grasp$ h] h&s ) suffici5t      
firmness to prev5t1 z he suppos$1 any   
muscul> action ( h] wri/s or f+]s       
influ5c+ ! result4  ,on a subsequ5t day 
my fri5d hav+ ?\ght ov] :at he _h se51  
repeat$ 8 visit to ! lady4 ,he provid$  
himself1 z sub/itutes = ! hazel-=k :i*  
he _h se5 h] employ1 ) portions ( copp] 
& iron wire ab\t a foot & a half long1  
b5t some?+ into ! =m ( ! lett] ,v4 ,he  
_h made1 9 fact1 div9+ =ks ( wire1 want+
 only ! project+ po9t4 ,he f\nd t ^!    
in/rum5ts mov$ q z freely 9 ,mrs4 ,r4's 
h&s z ! hazel-=k _h done4 ,!n he coat$ !
 two h&les ( "o ( !m ) seal+-wax1 leav+1
 h[ev]1 ! extreme ends free & uncov]$4  

,:5 ,mrs4 ,r4 tri$ ! rod s prep>$1 hold+
 ! p>ts alone :i* 7 cov]$ ) seal+-wax1 &
 walk$ on ! same piece ( gr\nd z 9 ! =m]
 exp]im5ts1 ! rod rema9$ p]fectly /ill4 
,z (t51 h[ev]1 z--) no great] *ange ?an 
adju/+ h] h&s s z to t\* ! free ends ( !
 wire ) h] ?umbs--,mrs4 ,r4 r5ew$ direct
 contact ) ! in/rum5t1 x aga9 mov$4 ,!  
motion ceas$ aga9 z (t5 z ! direct      
contact 0 int]rupt$4  ,?is simple       
n>rative1 made to me by ! late ,mr4     
,george ,fairholm1 c>ri$ conviction to  
my m9d ( ! reality ( ! ph5om5on4 ,i ask$
 my fri5d :y he _h n pursu$ ! subject   
fur!r4 ,he said he _h (t5 ?\ght ( do+ s1
 & _h1 he believ$1 ma9ly be5 det]r$ by  
meet+ ) ! "w ( ! ,compte de ,tri/an1    
entitl$ ,re*]*es sur quelques effluves  
t]re/res1 ,p>is1 #ahbi1 9 :i* facts     
simil> to ^? :i* he _h himself v]ifi$ 7 
giv51 & a numb] ( additional curi\s     
exp]im5ts detail$4  ,at ,mr4 ,fairholm's
 in/ance ,i procur$ ! book1 &1 at a lat]
 p]iod1 read x4 ,i may say t x bo?      
satisfi$ & disappo9t$ me4 ,x satisfi$   

me1 inasmu* z x fully confirm$ all t    
,mr4 ,fairholm _h /at$4 ,x disappo9t$   
me1 = x ?rew no additional light ^u !   
ph5om5a4 ,m4 de ,tri/an _h 9 fact br\ght
 too little physical k to !             
inve/igation1 s t a l>ge proportion ( 8 
exp]im5ts are pu]ile4 ,h[ev]1 8 simpl]  
exp]im5ts are valuable & sugge/ive4 ,^! 
,i w pres5tly describe4 ,9 ! mean "t1 y 
%all he> ! ,c\nt's own n>rative ( 8     
initiation into ! my/]ies ( ! div9+ rod4
  8,! hi/ory ( my rese>*es10 says ,m4 de
 ,tri/an1 8is simply ?is4 ,"s tw5ty ye>s
 ago1 a g5tleman :o1 f 8 position 9     
society1 c\ld h no object to ga9 by     
deception1 %[$ to me1 = my amusem5t1 !  
movem5t ( ! div9+ rod4 ,he attribut$ !  
motion to ! influ5ce ( a curr5t ( wat]1 
:i* appe>$ to me a probable supposition4
 ,b my att5tion 0 m engag$ ) ! action   
produc$ by ! influ5ce1 let ! latt] be   
:at x might4 ,my in=mant assur$ me he _h
 met ) _m o!rs 9 :om ! same effects 7   
manife/$4 ,:5 ,i return$ home1 & _h     
opportunities ( mak+ trials "u fav\rable

 circum/ances1 ,i f\nd t ,i myself      
possess$ ! same end[m5t4 ,s9ce !n ,i h  
induc$ _m to make ! exp]im5t1 & ,i h    
f\nd a f\r?1 or c]ta9ly a fif?1 ( !     
numb] capable ( sett+ ! div9+ rod 9     
motion at ! v fir/ attempt4 ,s9ce t "t1 
dur+ ^! tw5ty ye>s1 ,i h (t5 tri$ my h&1
 b = amusem5t only1 & desultorily1 & )\t
 any idea ( mak+ ! ?+ an object (       
sci5tific inve/igation4 ,b at l5g?1 9 ! 
ye> #ahbb1 be+ 9 ! c\ntry1 & remov$ f my
 ord9>y pursuits1 ! subject aga9 came   
across me1 & ,i det]m9$ =?) to try &    
asc]ta9 ! cause ( ?is ph5om5a4          
,accord+ly1 ,i comm5c$ a long s]ies (   
exp]im5ts1 f fifte5 to eighte5 hundr$ 9 
numb]1 :i* occupi$ me ne>ly fifte5      
mon?s4 ,! results ( above twelve hundr$ 
7 writt5 d[n at ! "t ( _! p]=mance40  ,!
 sc5e ( ! ,c\nt's op]ations 0 9 ! valley
 ( ! ,loire1 five leagues f ,v5dme1 9 ! 
p>k ( ! ,*ateau de ,ranac4 ,! surface ( 
gr\nd :i* gave ! desir$ results 0 f     
sev5ty to eighty feet 9 bread?4 ,b !re 0
 ano!r spot equally effici5t at !       

,c\nt's ord9>y resid5ce at ,em]illon1   
ne> ,cl]y1 f\r leagues s\? ( ,orleans1  
t5 leagues s\? ( ! ,loire1 at !         
comm5cem5t ( ! pla9s ( ,solonge4 ,!     
surface ran f nor? to s\?1 & _h ! same  
bread? ) ! o!r4 ,^! 8excit+ tracts0 =m1 
9 g5]al1 b&s or zones ( undet]m9$1 & (t5
 v great l5g?4 ,_! bread? is v v>iable2 
"s are only ?ree or f\r feet across1    
:ile o!rs are "o hundr$ paces4 ,^!      
tracts are sometimes s9u\s2 9 o!r       
in/ances !y ramify4 ,to ! mo/           
susceptible !y are broad] ?an to ^? :o  
are less s4  ,m4 de ,tri/an ?us         
describes :at happ5s :5 a compet5t      
p]son1 arm$ ) a hazel-=k1 walks ov] !   
excit+ di/ricts3--  ,:5 two or ?ree /eps
 h be5 made ^u ! excit+ tract ( gr\nd1 !
 =k1 :i* at />t+ is held horizontally1 )
 ! po9t =w>ds1 beg9s g5tly to asc5d2 x  
gradually atta9s a v]tical position2    
sometimes x passes beyond t1 & l[]+     
itself1 ) its po9t to ! *e/ ( ! op]ator1
 x becomes aga9 horizontal4 ,if ! motion
 cont9ues1 ! rod desc5d+ becomes        

v]tical1 ) ! po9t d[nw>ds4 ,f9ally1 !   
rod may aga9 asc5d & resume its fir/    
position4 ,:5 ! action is v lively1 !   
rod imm$iately comm5ces a second        
revolution2 & s x goes on1 z long z !   
op]ator cont9ues to walk ov] ! excit+   
surface ( gr\nd4  ,a few ( ^? 9 ^: h&s !
 div9+ =k moves exhibit a rem>kable     
peculi>ity4 ,! in/rum5t1 in/ead (       
comm5c+ its motion by asc5d+1 desc5ds2 !
 po9t !n becomes direct$ v]tically      
d[nw>ds2 aft]w>ds x reasc5ds1 &         
completes a revolution 9 a c\rse !      
opposite ( ! usual "o2 & z (t5 & z long 
z its motion is excit$1 x pursues ?is   
abnormal c\rse4  ,( ! num]\s exp]im5ts  
made by ,m4 de ,tri/an1 ! foll[+ are    
among ! simple/ & ! be/3--  ,he cov]$   
bo? h&les ( a div9+ rod ) a ?ick silk   
/uff4 ,! result ( us+ ! in/rum5t s      
prep>$ 0 ! same :i* ,mr4 ,fairholm      
obta9$ by coat+ ! h&les ) seal+-wax4 ,! 
motion ( ! div9+ rod 0 ext+ui%$4  ,he   
cov]$ bo? h&les ) "o lay] ( a ?9 silk4  
,he !n f\nd t ! motion ( ! div9+ rod    

took place1 b x 0 less lively & vigor\s 
?an ord9>y4  ,by cov]+ "o h&le ( ! div9+
 rod1 & t ! "r1 ) a lay] ( ?9 silk1 a v 
s+ul> & in/ructive result 0 obta9$4 ,!  
motion ( ! in/rum5t 0 n[ rev]s$4 ,x     
comm5c$ by desc5d+4  ,aft] cov]+ ! po9t 
( ! div9+ rod ) a ?ick lay] ( silk /uff1
 ! motion 0 s5sibly m brisk ?an x _h be5
 be=e4  ,:5 ! ,c\nt held 9 8 h&s a      
/raight rod ( ! same sub/ance conjo9tly 
) ! ord9>y div9+ rod1 no movem5t ( !    
latt] :atsoev] ensu$4  ,f9ally1 ! ,c\nt 
discov]$ t he c\ld cause ! div9+ rod to 
move :5 he walk$ ov] a non-excit+       
surface--z1 = in/ance1 9 8 own *amb]--by
 v>i\s processes4 ,( ^! ! mo/ int]e/+   
consi/$ 9 t\*+ ! po9t ( ! in/rum5t )    
ei!r pole ( a magnetic ne$le4 ,!        
in/rum5t %ortly began to move1 asc5d+ or
 desc5d+1 accord+ z ! nor?w>d or s\?w>d 
pole ( ! ne$le _h be5 appli$ to x4  ,x  
is unnecess>y to add t ^!1 & all ,m4 de 
,tri/an's exp]im5ts1 7 repeat$ by him _m
 times4 ,! results ( ^? :i* ,i h n>rat$ 
7 con/ant4  ,let me n[ attempt to       

realize some?+ out ( ! prec$+ /atem5ts4 
#a4 ,x is %[n1 by ! te/imony adduc$1 t  
:]eas 9 ! h&s ( mo/ p]sons ! div9+ rod  
rema9s motionless1 9 ! h&s ( "s x moves 
promptly & briskly :5 ! requisite       
conditions are obs]v$4  #b4 ,x is no    
less c]ta9 t ! motion ( ! div9+ rod has 
appe>$1 to v>i\s intellig5t & hone/     
p]sons1 :o h succe$$ 9 produc+ x1 to be 
entirely spontane\s2 or t ! said p]sons 
7 n consci\s ( hav+ excit$ or promot$ ! 
motion by ! slighte/ help ( _! own4  #c4
 ,x appe>s t 9 ! ord9>y use ( ! div9+   
rod by compet5t p]sons1 its motion only 
manife/s itself 9 c]ta9 localities4  #d4
 ,x be+ assum$ t ! op]ator does n1 h[ev]
 unconsci\sly1 by ! muscul> action ( 8  
h&s & wri/s produce ! motion ( ! div9+  
rod1 ! likelie/ way ( acc\nt+ = !       
ph5om5on is to suppose t ! div9+ rod may
 become ! conductor ( "s fluid or =ce1  
emanat+ f or di/urb$ 9 ! body by a      
t]re/rial ag5cy4  ,b "h a difficulty    
arises3 ,h[ c x happ5 t ! hypo!tical =ce
 makes s long & r\nd-ab\t a c\rse8 ,:y1 

communicat$ to ! body ?r\gh ! legs1 does
 n ! suppos$ fluid complete a circuit at
 once 9 ! l[] "p ( ! trunk8  ,su*1 at   
all ev5ts1 w\ld be ! c\rse an electric  
curr5t s circum/anc$ w\ld take4  ,!     
difficulty rais$ admits ( be+ remov$ by 
aid d]iv$ f a novel & unexpect$ s\rce4  
,i allude to ! discov]y1 by ,von        
,rei*5ba*1 ( a new =ce or pr9ciple 9 !  
physical _w1 :i*1 :e!r or n x is        
id5tical ) t :i* gives motion to ! div9+
 rod1 exhibits1 at all ev5ts1 ! v       
prop]ty :i* ! hypo!tical pr9ciple %\ld  
possess to expla9 ! ph5om5a :i* we h be5
 consid]+4  ,no attempts h inde$ be5    
made to id5tify ! two z "o2 & my        
conjecture t !y may prove s1 %\ld x ev5 
appe> plausible1 is s vague1 t ,i %\ld h
 cont5t$ myself ) ref]r+ to ,von        
,rei*5ba*'s new pr9ciple z to an        
e/abli%$ tru?1 & h introduc$ no acc\nt (
 x into ?is ,lett]1 _h ,i n a second    
motive = insur+ y\r cognisance ( !      
curi\s facts :i* ! ,vi5nese philosoph]  
has br\ght to light4 ,x is less ) ! view

 ( furni%+ a leg to ! !ory ( ! div9+    
rod1 ?an 9 ord] to provide ! means (    
elucidat+ m int]e/+ problems1 t ,i n[   
proce$ briefly to sket* ! lead+         
exp]im5ts made by ,von ,rei*5ba*1 & _!  
results4  ,objections h be5 tak5 aga9/  
^! exp]im5ts1 on ! gr\nd t _! effects   
are purely subjective2 t ! results mu/  
be receiv$ on ! te/imony ( ! p>ty       
employ$2 & t ! be/ p>ties = ! purpose   
are p]sons ^: natural s5sibility is     
exalt$ by disord] ( ! n]ves2 a class (  
p]sons always suspect$ ( exagg]ation1 & 
ev51 & 9 "p ) ju/ice1 ( a t5d5cy to     
trick]y & deception4 ,b ?is 0 well kn[n 
to ,von ,rei*5ba*1 :o appe>s to h tak5 e
 precaution necess>y to secure 8        
obs]vations aga9/ error4 ,& :5 ,i add1 t
 _m ( ! results :i* he obta9$ ^u ! mo/  
s5sitive & ! highly n]v\s1 7 likewise   
manife/$ 9 p]sons ( e/abli%$ "* & 9 good
 heal?1 & t ! fidelity ( ! au?or & ( 8  
rese>*es is au!nticat$ by ! publication 
( ! latt] 9 ,woehl] & ,liebig's ,*emical
 ,annals1 7,supplem5t to volume #ec1    

,heidelb]g1 #ahde17 ,i ?9k y w n )hold f
 !m complete reliance4  ,9 g5]al1 p]sons
 9 heal? & ( a /rong con/itution are    
ins5sible to ! influ5ce ( ,von          
,rei*5ba*'s new =ce4 ,b all p]sons1 !   
tone ( ^: heal? has be5 l[]$ by _! mode 
( life--m5 ( s$5t>y habits1 cl]ks1 & !  
l1 & wom5 :o employ _! :ole "t 9        
ne$lework1 ^: pale complexions %[ !     
relax$ & !re=e irritable /ate ( _!      
frames--all su*1 or ne>ly all--ev9ce m  
or less susceptibility to ! influ5ce ,i 
am ab\t to describe4  ,von ,rei*5ba*    
f\nd t p]sons ( ! latt] class1 :5 sl[   
passes are made ) ! poles ( a /rong     
magnet mov$ p>allel to ! surface--d[n ! 
back1 = in/ance1 or d[n ! limbs1 & only 
di/ant en\gh j n to t\* ! clo!s--feel   
s5sations r unpleasant ?an o!rwise1 z ( 
a light draft ( air bl[n ^u !m 9 ! pa? (
 ! magnet4  ,9 ! progress ( 8 rese>*es1 
,von ,rei*5ba* f\nd t ! m s5sitive among
 8 subjects c\ld detect ! pres5ce ( 8   
new ag5t by ano!r s5se4 ,9 ! d>k !y saw 
dim flames ( light issu+ & wav+ f !     

poles ( ! magnet4 ,! exp]im5ts sugge/$  
by ?is discov]y af=d ! mo/ satisfactory 
pro(s ( ! reality ( ! ph5om5a4 ,!y 7 !  
foll[+3--,a horse-%oe magnet hav+ be5   
adju/$ ^u a table1 ) ! poles direct$    
upw>ds1 ! s5sitive subject saw1 at !    
di/ance ( t5 feet1 ! appe>ance ( flames 
issu+ f x4 ,! armature ( ! magnet--a b> 
( s(t iron--0 !n appli$4 ,^u ?is !      
flames disappe>$4 ,!y reappe>$1 %e said1
 z (t5 z ! armature 0 remov$ f ! magnet4
  ,a simil> exp]im5t 0 made ) a yet m   
s5sitive subject4 ,?is p]son saw1 9 !   
fir/ in/ance1 flames z ! fir/ _h done2 b
 :5 ! armature ( ! magnet 0 appli$1 !   
flames did n disappe>3 %e saw flames    
/ill3 only !y 7 fa9t]1 & _! disposition 
0 diff]5t4 ,!y seem$ n[ to issue f e "p 
( ! surface ( ! magnet equally4  ,x is  
h>dly necess>y to add1 t ^! exp]im5ts 7 
made 9 a well-d>k5$ room1 & t none ( !  
by/&]s c\ld disc]n :at ! s5sitive       
subjects saw4  ,!n ! foll[+ exp]im5t 0  
made3--,a p[]ful l5s 0 s plac$ z t x    
%\ld conc5trate ! light ( ! flames 7if  

real light !y 77 ^u a po9t ( ! wall ( ! 
room4 ,! pati5t at once saw ! light ^u !
 wall at ! "r place2 & :5 ! incl9ation (
 ! l5s 0 %ift$1 s z to ?r[ ! focus 9    
succession on diff]5t po9ts1 ! s5sitive 
obs]v] nev] fail$ 9 po9t+ out ! "r spot4
  ,to 8 new =ce1 :i* ,von ,rei*5ba* _h  
n[ f\nd to emanate likewise f ! poles ( 
cry/als & ! wires ( ! voltaic pile1 he  
gave ! arbitr>y b conv5i5t "n ( ,od1 or 
! ,od =ce4  ,8 next /ep 0 to asc]ta9 !  
exi/5ce ( a diff]5ce among ! s5sations  
produc$ by ,od4 ,sometimes ! curr5t (   
air 0 describ$ z w>m1 sometimes z cool4 
,he f\nd ?is diff]5ce to dep5d ^u !     
foll[+ cause3 ,:5ev] ! nor?w>d pole ( a 
magnet1 or "o def9ite pole ( a l>ge     
cry/al1 or ! negative wire ( a voltaic  
batt]y1 is employ$ 9 ! exp]im5t1 !      
s5sation produc$ is t ( a draft ( cool  
air4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! s\?w>d pole ( !   
magnet1 ! opposite pole ( ! cry/al1 !   
positive voltaic wire1 excite ! s5sation
 ( a draft ( w>m air4  ,s ! new =ce     
appe>$ to be a pol> =ce1 & ,von         

,rei*5ba* call$ ! fir/ s]ies ( ! above  
describ$ manife/ations ,od-negative     
effects1 ! second ,od-positive effects4 
,f among 8 num]\s exp]im5ts t[>ds       
e/abli%+ ! pol>ity ( ,od1 ,i select !   
foll[+3--,"o ( ! mo/ s5sitive ( 8       
subjects held1 at 8 desire1 a piece (   
copp] wire1 by ! middle ) ! "r h&--by "o
 end ) ! left4 ,!n ,von ,rei*5ba* t\*$ !
 free end ( ! wire ) "o pole ( a l>ge   
cry/al1 9 ord] to *>ge x ) ,od4 ,!      
pati5t imm$iately felt a s5sation 9 ! "r
 h&1 :i* disappe>$ z quickly1 to be felt
 by ! left h& in/ead1 at ! fur!r end ( !
 piece ( wire4 ,%e !n 0 bidd5 to take   
hold ( ! wire ) bo? h] h&s at ! middle1 
& !n to slide !m away f ea* o!r to !    
opposite ends3 %e obs]v$1 on do+ s1 t   
s5sations 7 produc$ :i* 7 /rong & decid$
 :5 h] h&s held ! two ends ( ! wire1 &  
dim9i%$ 9 int5sity 9 proportion z ! h&s 
7 ne>] its middle4  ,von ,rei*5ba* next 
came ^u ! obs]vation t ! human h& gives 
out ! ,od =ce2 & t ! "r h& displays !   
*>act]s ( negative ,od1 ! left ^? (     

positive ,od4 ,! m s5sitive subjects    
recognis$1 9 ! d>k1 ! appe>ance ( dim   
flames proce$+ f ! tips ( 8 f+]s2 & all 
felt ! correspond+ s5sations ( drafts ( 
cool or ( w>m air4 ,subsequ5tly ! :ole  
body 0 f\nd to %>e ! prop]ties ( ! h&s2 
! entire "r side to manife/ negative    
,od1 ! entire left side positive ,od4   
,s1 9 ref]5ce to ?is new =ce1 ! human   
body exhibits a transv]se pol>ity2 !    
condition is ?us realiz$ :i* is requir$ 
to belong to ! hypo!tical =ce ?r\gh :i* 
! div9+ rod might be suppos$ to move4   
,if any t]re/rial influ5ce 7 capable (  
di/urb+ ! ,od =ce 9 ! body1 h[ev] x     
might affect its int5sity1 a curr5t or  
circuit c\ld only be e/abli%$ ?r\gh !   
arms & h&s2 unless1 inde$1 "s           
extraord9>y means 7 tak51 su* z employ+ 
an artificial conductor1 ar*$ half r\nd 
! body1 to connect ! two sides4  ,!     
s5sations :i* att5d ! e/abli%m5t ( a    
curr5t ( ,od & int]f]5ces ) x1 9        
s5sitive subjects1 are exemplifi$ 9 !   
foll[+ obs]vations3--  ,a b> magnet 0   

laid on ! palm ( ! left h& ( "o ( ! mo/ 
s5sitive subjects1 ) its s\?w>d pole    
re/+ on ! end ( h] middle f+]1 ! nor?w>d
 pole on ! =e-arm above ! wri/4 ,x ?us  
correspond$ ) ! natural pol> arrangem5t 
( ! ,od =ce 9 ! pati5t's h& & arm4      
,accord+ly1 no s5sation 0 excit$4 ,b :5 
! position ( ! magnet 0 rev]s$1 & !     
nor?w>d pole lay on ! end ( ! middle f+]
 ( ! left h&1 an uneasy s5se ( an inw>d 
conflict arose 9 ! h& & wri/1 :i*       
disappe>$ :5 ! magnet 0 remov$ or its   
orig9al direction re/or$4 ,on lay+ !    
magnet rev]s$ on ! =e-arm1 ! s5se ( an  
inw>d /ruggle return$1 :i* 0 height5$ on
 jo9+ ! h&s & e/abli%+ a circuit4  ,:5 !
 pati5t complet$ ! circuit 9 ano!r      
way--namely1 by hold+ a b> magnet by !  
ends1 if ! latt] 7 dispos$ normally1 7t 
is1 if ! nor?w>d pole 0 held 9 ! left   
h&1 ! s\?w>d pole 9 ! "r17 a lively     
consci\sness ( "s inw>d action ensu$4 ,a
 normal circulation ( ,od 0 9 progress4 
,:5 ! direction ( ! magnet 0 rev]s$1 !  
ph5om5on m5tion$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph       

recurr$4 ,! pati5t exp]i5c$ a high      
degree ( uneas9ess1 a feel+ z ( an inw>d
 /ruggle ext5d+ itself to ! *e/1 ) a    
s5se ( :irl+ r\nd1 & confusion 9 ! head4
 ,^! symptoms disappe>$ imm$iately ^u h]
 lett+ g ! magnet4  ,simil> results     
ensu$ :5 ,von ,rei*5ba* sub/itut$       
himself = ! magnet4 ,:5 he took ,miss   
,maix's h&s 9 8 normally--t is to say1  
h] left 9 8 "r1 h] "r 9 8 left--%e felt 
a circulation mov+ up ! "r arm ?r\gh !  
*e/ d[n ! left arm1 att5d$ ) a s5se (   
gidd9ess4 ,:5 he *ang$ h&s1 !           
disagreeabl5ess ( ! s5sation 0 sudd5ly  
height5$1 ! s5se ( inw>d conflict arose1
 att5d$ ) a sort ( undulation up & d[n !
 arms1 & ?r\gh ! *e/1 :i* quickly became
 intol]able4  ,a s+ul> b consi/5t       
diff]5ce 9 ! result ensu$ :5 ,von       
,rei*5ba* repeat$ ! la/ two exp]im5ts ^u
 ,h]r ,s*uh4 ,h]r ,s*uh 0 a /rong man1  
?irty ye>s ( age1 9 full heal?1 b highly
 impressible by ,od4 ,:5 ,von ,rei*5ba* 
took 8 two h&s 9 8 own normally1 ,h]r   
,s*uh felt ! normal e/abli%m5t ( ! ,od  

curr5t 9 8 arms & *e/4 ,9 a few seconds 
heada*e & v]tigo ensu$1 & ! exp]im5t 0  
too disagreeable to be prolong$4 ,b :5  
,von ,rei*5ba* took 8 h&s abnormally1 no
 s5sible effect ensu$4 ,be+ equally     
/rong ) ,von ,rei*5ba*1 ,h]r ,s*uh's    
frame repell$ ! c\nt]-curr5t1 :i* !     
latt] arrangem5t t5d$ to ?r[ into him4  
,9 ! fir/ or normal arrangem5t1 ! ,od   
curr5t _h met ) no resi/ance1 b _h      
simply gone its natural c\rse4 ,!       
di/ress occurr$ f its be+ felt ?r\gh    
,h]r ,s*uh's accid5tal s5sitiv5ess to   
,od2 ( ! freaks ( :i* 9 _! sy/ems p 9   
g5]al are unconsci\s4  ,i h conclud$ my 
case 9 fav\r ( ! pret5sions ( ! div9+   
rod4 ,x seems to me1 at all ev5ts1 /rong
 en\gh to ju/ify any "o :o has leisure1 
9 cutt+ a hazel-=k1 & walk+ ab\t ) x 9  
suitable places1 hold+ x 9 ! mann]      
describ$4 ,i d\bt1 h[ev]1 :e!r ,i %\ld  
recomm5d a fri5d to make ! exp]im5t4    
,if1 by good luck1 ! div9+ rod %\ld     
refuse to move 9 8 h&s1 he might accuse 
himself ( cr$ulity1 & feel silly1 & hope

 nobody _h se5 him1 = ! re/ ( ! day4    
,if1 un=tunately1 ! fir/ trial %\ld     
succe$1 & he %\ld be l$ to pursue !     
inquiry1 ! consequ5ces w\ld be m s]i\s3 
8 probable fate w\ld be to fall at once 
sev]al degrees 9 ! e/imation ( 8 fri5ds1
 & to pass ) ! _w1 all ! re/ ( 8 life1 =
 a crot*ety p]son ( weak intellects4  ,z
 = ! div9+ rod itself1 if my argum5t    
prove s\nd1 x w be a cr$it to ! family (
 sup]/itions2 = )\t any r$uction1 or    
clipp+1 or trimm+1 x may at once assume 
! rank ( a new tru?4 ,b1 alas6 ! trials 
:i* await x 9 t "*6--:at an ordeal is   
be=e x6 ,a new tru? has to enc\nt] ?ree 
normal /ages ( opposition4 ,9 ! fir/1 x 
is d5\nc$ z an impo/ure2 9 ! second--t  
is1 :5 x is beg9n+ to =ce itself into   
notice--x is cursorily exam9$1 &        
plausibly expla9$ away2 9 ! ?ird1 or cui
 bono /age1 x is decri$ z useless1 &    
ho/ile to religion4 ,& :5 x is fully    
admitt$1 x passes only "u a prote/ t x  
has be5 p]fectly kn[n = ages--a proce$+ 
int5d$ to make ! new tru? a%am$ (       

itself1 & wi% x _h nev] be5 born4  ,i   
congratulate ! sea-s]p5t on hav+ arriv$ 
at ! second /age ( belief4 ,s9ce        
,pr(essor ,ow5 7no disrespect to 8 g5u9e
 ability & em95t k7 has expla9$ x into a
 sea-elephant1 its *ance ( be+ itself is
 mu* improv$2 & z x w skip ! ?ird       
/age--= :o w v5ture to "q ! good ( a    
sea-s]p5t8--x is liable n[ any morn+ 8to
 wake & f9d itself fam\s10 & to be      
receiv$ ev5 at ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields1  
:]e its rema9s may commemoratively be   
ticket$ ! ,ex-,great-,seal4             
,,po/script1 7#ahej47--;,x may save     
tr\ble to "s future exp]im5t] to n>rate 
my own exploits ) ! div9+ rod4  ,9 !    
spr+ ( #ahdg1 be+ !n at ,weilba* 9      
,nassau1 a region teem+ ) und]gr\nd     
s\rces ( wat]1 ,i reque/$ ! son ( !     
proprietor ( ! ba?+ e/abli%m5t--a tall1 
?91 pale1 :ite-hair$ y\?1 by "n ,edw>d  
,seebold--to walk 9 my pres5ce up & d[n 
a promis+ spot ( gr\nd1 hold+ a div9+ =k
 ( hazel1 ) ! accessories recomm5d$ by  
,m4 de ,tri/an to beg9n]s--t is to say1 

he held 9 8 "r h& ?ree pieces ( silv]1  
besides "o h&le ( ! rod1 :ile ! h&le :i*
 he held 9 8 left h& 0 cov]$ ) a ?9     
silk4  ,! lad _h n made five /eps :5 !  
po9t ( ! div9+ =k began to asc5d4 ,he   
laugh$ ) a/oni%m5t at ! ev5t1 :i* 0     
totally unexpect$ by him2 & he said t he
 exp]i5c$ a tickl+ or ?rill+ s5sation 9 
8 h&s4 ,he cont9u$ to walk up & d[n be=e
 me4 ,! =k _h soon describ$ a complete  
circle2 !n x describ$ ano!r2 & s x      
cont9u$ to d z long z he walk$ ?us1 & z 
(t5 z1 aft] /opp+1 he resum$ 8 walk4 ,! 
exp]im5t 0 repeat$ by him 9 my pres5ce1 
) l success1 sev]al times dur+ ! ensu+  
mon?4 ,!n ! lad fell into ill heal?1 &  
,i r>ely saw him4 ,h[ev]1 "o day ,i s5t 
= him1 & begg$ him to d me ! fav\r (    
mak+ ano!r trial ) ! div9+ =k4 ,he did  
s1 b ! in/rum5t mov$ sl[ly & sluggi%ly2 
& :51 hav+ complet$ a semicircle1 x     
po9t$ backw>ds t[>ds ! pit ( 8 /oma*1 x 
/opp$1 & w\ld g no f>!r4 ,at ! same "t !
 lad said he felt an uneasy s5sation1   
:i* quickly increas$ to pa91 at ! pit ( 

! /oma*1 & he became al>m$1 :5 ,i bade  
him quit hold ( "o h&le ( ! div9+ rod1 &
 ! pa9 ceas$4 ,t5 m9utes aft]w>ds ,i    
induc$ him to make ano!r trial2 !       
results 7 ! same4 ,a few days lat]1 :5 !
 lad seem$ /ill m out ( heal?1 ,i induc$
 him to repeat ! exp]im5t4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 !
 div9+ =k w\ld n move at all4  ,i       
ent]ta9 little d\bt t ! above p]=mances 
( ,edw>d ,seebold 7 g5u9e4 ,i ?\ght !   
same ( ! p]=mances ( ?ree ,engli%       
g5tlem51 & ( a ,g]man1 9 ^: h&s1 h[ev]1 
! div9+ rod nev] mov$ ?r\gh an entire   
circle4 ,9 ! h&s ( "o ( !m its motion 0 
retrograde1 or abnormal3 t is to say1 x 
began by desc5d+4  ,b ,i met ) o!r      
cases1 :i* 7 less satisfactory1 ?\gh n  
un9/ructive4 ,i %\ld obs]ve t1 9 ! h&s (
 sev]al :o tri$ to use x 9 my pres5ce1 !
 div9+ =k w\ld n move an in*4 ,b !re 7  
two y\ng] bro!rs ( ,edw>d ,seebold1 & a 
ba?-maid1 & my own man1 9 ^: h&s ! rod  
play$ new pranks4 ,:5 ^! p>ties walk$   
=w>ds ! in/rum5t asc5d$1 or mov$        
normally2 b :51 by my desire1 !y walk$  

backw>ds1 ! in/rum5t imm$iately w5t !   
o!r way4 ,i %\ld obs]ve t1 9 ! h&s (    
,edw>d ,seebold1 ! in/rum5t mov$ 9 !    
same direction :e!r he walk$ =w>ds or   
backw>ds2 & ,i h m5tion$ t at fir/ x    
describ$ 9 8 h&s a complete circle4 ,b )
 ! f\r p>ties ,i h j be5 speak+ (1 !    
motion ( ! =k 0 always limit$ 9 ext5t4  
,:5 x mov$ normally at />t+1 x /opp$    
aft] describ+ an arc ( ab\t #bbe2 9 !   
same way1 :5 x mov$ abnormally at />t+1 
x w\ld /op aft] describ+ an arc ( ab\t  
#ace2 t is to say1 !re 0 "o spot ! same 
= ! two cases1 beyond :i* x c\ld n get4 
,!n ,i f\nd t1 9 ! h&s ( my man1 ! div9+
 rod w\ld move ev5 :5 he 0 /&+ /ill1    
al?\gh ) a less lively action2 /ill x   
/opp$ z be=e1 ne>ly at ! same po9t4     
,sometimes x asc5d$1 sometimes desc5d$4 
,!n ,i tri$ "s exp]im5ts1 t\*+ ! po9t ) 
a magnetic ne$le4 ,i f\nd1 9 ! c\rse (  
!m1 t :5 my man knew :i* way ,i expect$ 
! =k to move1 x inv>iably answ]$ my     
expectations2 b :5 ,i _h ! man          
bl9dfold$1 ! results 7 unc]ta9 &        

contradictory4 ,! end ( all ?is 01 t ,i 
became c]ta9 t sev]al ( ^? 9 ^: h&s !   
div9+ rod moves1 set x 9 motion & direct
 its motion by ! pressure ( _! f+]s1 &  
by c>ry+ _! h&s ne>] to1 or f>!r ap>t4  
,9 walk+ =w>ds1 ! h&s are unconsci\sly  
borne t[>ds ea* o!r2 9 walk+ backw>ds1 !
 rev]se is ! case4  ,!re=e1 ,i recomm5d 
no "o to prosecute ^! exp]im5ts unless  
he c execute !m himself1 & unless !     
div9+ rod describes a complete circle 9 
8 h&s2 & ev5 !n he %\ld be on 8 gu>d    
aga9/ self-deception4  ,,po/script      
,,ii4--,i am n[ 7,may1 #ahea7 aga9      
resid+ at ! ba?+ e/abli%m5t ( ,weilba*1 
ne> ,may5ce2 & x 0 ) "s int]e/ &        
curiosity t ! o!r day ,i reque/$ ,mr4   
,edw>d ,seebold1 n[ a well-gr[n "y man1 
9 full heal?1 to try 8 h& aga9 ) !      
div9+-rod4 ,he readily ass5t$ to my     
reque/2 & he ?is "t knew exactly :at    
result ,i expect$4 ,b ! exp]im5t        
entirely fail$4 ,! po9t ( ! div9+ rod   
rose1 z he walk$1 n m ?an two or ?ree   
in*es2 b ?is x does ) e "o :o presses ! 

two h&les t[>ds ea* o!r dur+ ! exp]im5t4
 ,aft]w>ds ! implem5t rema9$ p]fectly   
/ation>y4 ,i ?9k ,i am n at lib]ty to   
)hold ?is result f ! read]1 :om x may   
lead to "q1 ?\gh x _c induce myself to  
d\bt1 ! g5u95ess ( ! =m] p]=mances (    
,mr4 ,e4 ,s4     ,,lett] ,,ii4          
,,vampyrism4--,tale exemplify+ !        
sup]/ition--,! ,vampyr /ate (  ! body 9 
! grave--,v>i\s in/ances (              
dea?-trance--,! risk (  premature       
int]m5t consid]$--,! ,vampyr visit4   ,9
 ackn[l$g+ my =m] lett]1 y express an   
eag] desire to le>n1 z y phrase x1 8all 
ab\t ,vampyrs1 if !re ev] 7 su* ?+s40 ,i
 w n delay satisfy+ y\r curiosity1      
al?\gh by s do+ ,i int]rupt ! logical   
ord] ( my communications4 ,x is1 p]haps1
 all ! bett]4 ,! prop] place ( ?is      
subject falls 9 ! mid/ ( a philosophical
 disquisition2 & x w\ld h be5 a pity n  
to pres5t x to y 9 its pri/9e col\r+4 ,b
 h[ came y\r late tutor1 ,mr4 ,h41 to   
leave y 9 ignorance ^u a po9t on :i*1 9 
my "t1 s*oolboys mu* y\r juniors        

ent]ta9$ decid$ op9ions8  ,7 !re ev] su*
 ?+s z ,vampyrs8 ,tantamne rem tam      
neglig5t]6 ,i turn to ! le>n$ pages (   
,hor/ = a lum9\s & precise def9ition ( !
 de/ructive & my/]i\s be+s ^: exi/5ce y 
h v5tur$ to consid] problematical4  8,a 
,vampyr is a dead body :i* cont9ues to  
live 9 ! grave2 :i* x leaves1 h[ev]1 by 
night1 = ! purpose ( suck+ ! blood ( !  
liv+1 :]eby x is n\ri%$ & pres]v$ 9 good
 condition1 in/ead ( be+ decompos$ l o!r
 dead bodies40  ,^u my ^w1 y really     
des]ve1 s9ce ,mr4 ,george ,combe has    
cle>ly %[n1 9 8 admirable "w on !       
,con/itution ( ,man1 & its adaptation to
 ! surr\nd+ _w1 t ignorance is a        
/atutable crime be=e nature1 & puni%$ by
 ! laws ( ,provid5ce--y des]ve1 ,i say1 
unless y contrive to make ,mr4 ,h4 y\r  
sub/itute1 :i* ,i ?9k w\ld be j1 y\rself
 to be ! subject ( ! nocturnal visit ( a
 ,vampyr4 ,y\r skepticism w abate pretty
 consid]ably :5 y see him /eal?ily ent]+
 y\r room1 yet are p[]less "u !         
fasc9ation ( 8 fix$ & lead5 eye--:5 y   

are consci\s1 z y lie motionless )      
t]ror1 ( 8 ne>] & ne>] approa*--:5 y    
feel 8 face1 fre% ) ! smell ( ! grave1  
b5t ov] y\r ?roat1 :ile 8 ke5 tee? make 
a f9e incision 9 y\r jugul>1 prep>atory 
to 8 comm5c+ 8 pla9 b nutritive repa/4  
,y w\ld look a little pal] ! next morn+1
 b t w\ld be all = ! mom5t2 = ,fis*]    
in=ms u t ! bite ( a ,vampyr leaves 9   
g5]al no m>k ^u ! p]son4 ,b he fe>fully 
adds1 8x 7! bite7 is nev]!less spe$ily  
fatal10 unless ! bitt5 p]son protect    
himself by eat+ "s ( ! e>? f ! grave ( !
 ,vampyr1 & sme>+ himself ) 8 blood4    
,un=tunately1 inde$1 ^! measures are    
seldom1 if ev]1 ( m ?an tempor>y use4   
,fis*] adds1 8if ?r\gh ^! precautions ! 
life ( ! victim be prolong$ = a p]iod1  
soon] or lat] he ends ) becom+ a ,vampyr
 himself2 t is to say1 he dies & is     
buri$1 b cont9ues to lead a ,vampyr life
 9 ! grave1 n\ri%+ himself by infect+   
o!rs1 & promiscu\sly propagat+          
,vampyrism40  ,?is is no romanc]'s      
dream4 ,x is a succ9ct acc\nt ( a       

sup]/ition :i* to ?is day s]vices 9 !   
ea/ ( ,europe1 :]e little m ?an a c5tury
 ago x 0 frightfully preval5t4 ,at t    
p]iod ,vampyrism spread l a pe/il5ce    
?r\gh ,s]via & ,walla*ia1 caus+ num]\s  
dea?s1 & di/urb+ all ! l& ) fe> ( !     
my/]i\s visitation1 aga9/ :i* no "o felt
 himself secure4  ,"h is some?+ l a     
good1 solid1 practical popul> delusion4 
,d ,i believe x8 ,to be sure ,i d4 ,!   
facts are matt] ( hi/ory3 ! p di$ l     
rott$ %eep2 & ! cause & me?od ( _! dy+  
01 9 _! belief1 :at has j be5 /at$4 ,y  
suppose1 !n1 !y di$ fright5$ out ( _!   
lives1 z m5 h di$ ^: p>don has be5      
proclaim$ :5 _! necks 7 already on !    
block1 ( ! belief t !y 7 go+ to die8    
,well1 if t 7 all1 ! subject w\ld /ill  
be wor? exam9+4 ,b !re is m 9 x ?an t1 z
 ! foll[+ o'er true tale w conv9ce y1 ! 
ess5tial po9ts ( :i* are au!nticat$ by  
docum5t>y evid5ce4  ,9 ! spr+ ( #agbg1  
!re return$ f ! ,levant to ! village (  
,m$uegna1 ne> ,belgrade1 "o ,arnod      
,paole1 :o1 9 a few ye>s ( milit>y      

s]vice & v>i$ adv5ture1 _h amass$ en\gh 
to pur*ase a cottage & an acre or two ( 
l& 9 8 native place1 :]e he gave out t  
he meant to pass ! rema9d] ( 8 days4 ,he
 kept 8 ^w4 ,arnod _h yet sc>cely rea*$ 
! prime ( manhood2 & ?\gh he mu/ h      
enc\nt]$ ! r\gh z well z ! smoo? ( life1
 & h m+l$ ) _m a wild & reckless        
companion1 yet 8 naturally good         
disposition & hone/ pr9ciples _h pres]v$
 him unsca!d 9 ! sc5es he _h pass$      
?r\gh4 ,at all ev5ts1 su* 7 ! ?\ghts    
express$ by 8 neighb\rs z !y discuss$ 8 
return & settlem5t among !m 9 ! ,/ube ( 
! village ,h(4 ,nor did ! frank & op5   
c\nt5ance ( ,arnod1 8 oblig+ habits &   
/eady conduct1 argue _! judgm5t         
incorrect4 ,nev]!less1 !re 0 some?+     
occasionally noticeable 9 8 ways--a look
 & tone t betray$ inw>d disquiet4 ,(t5  
w\ld he refuse to jo9 8 fri5ds1 or on "s
 sudd5 plea abruptly quit _! society4 ,&
 he /ill m unacc\ntably1 & z x seem$    
sy/ematically1 avoid$ meet+ 8 pretty    
neighb\r ,n9a1 ^: fa!r occupi$ ! next   

t5em5t to 8 own4 ,at ! age ( sev5te51   
,n9a 0 z *>m+ a picture ( y\?1          
*e]fulness1 innoc5ce1 & confid5ce1 z y  
c\ld h se5 9 all ! _w4 ,y c\ld n look   
into h] limpid eyes1 :i* /eadily return$
 y\r gaze1 )\t see+ to ! bottom ( ! pure
 & transp>5t spr+ ( h] ?\ghts4 ,:y1 !n1 
did ,arnod %r9k f meet+ h]8 ,he 0 "y2 _h
 a little prop]ty2 _h heal? & indu/ry2 &
 he _h told 8 fri5ds he _h =m$ no ties 9
 o!r l&s4 ,:y1 !n1 did he avoid !       
fasc9ation ( ! pretty ,n9a1 :o seem$ a  
be+ made to *ase f any br[ ! cl\ds (    
ga!r+ c>e8 ,b he did s2 yet less & less 
resolutely1 = he felt ! *>m ( h]        
pres5ce4 ,:o c\ld h done o!rwise8 ,& h[ 
c\ld he long resi/--he didn't--! impulse
 ( 8 fondness = ! innoc5t girl :o (t5   
s\ght to *e] 8 fits ( depression8  ,& !y
 7 to be unit$--7 betro!d2 yet /ill an  
anxi\s gloom w\ld fitfully ov]ca/ 8     
c\nt5ance1 ev5 9 ! sun%9e ( ^? h\rs4    
8,:at is x1 de> ,arnod1 t makes y sad8  
,x _c be on my acc\nt1 ,i "k1 = y 7 sad 
be=e y ev] notic$ me2 & t1 ,i ?9k10 7& y

 %\ld h se5 ! deep5+ rose ^u h] *eeks17 
8surely fir/ made me notice y40  8,n9a10
 he answ]$1 8,i h done1 ,i fe>1 a great 
wrong 9 try+ to ga9 y\r affections4     
,n9a1 ,i h a fix$ impression t ,i %all n
 live2 yet1 kn[+ ?is1 ,i h selfi%ly made
 my exi/5ce necess>y to y\r happ9ess40  
8,h[ /rangely y talk1 de> ,arnod6 ,:o 9 
! village is /rong] & heal?i] ?an y8 ,y 
fe>$ no dang] :5 y 7 a soldi]4 ,:at     
dang] d y fe> z a villag] ( ,m$uegna80  
8,x haunts me1 ,n9a40  8,b1 ,arnod1 y 7 
sad be=e y ?\ght ( me4 ,did y !n fe> to 
die80  8,ah1 ,n9a1 x is some?+ worse ?an
 dea?40 ,& 8 vigor\s frame %ook ) agony4
  8,arnod1 ,i conjure y1 tell me40  8,x 
0 9 ,cossova ?is fate befell me4 ,"h y h
 hi!rto escap$ ! t]rible sc\rge4 ,b !re 
!y di$1 & ! dead visit$ ! liv+4 ,i      
exp]i5c$ ! fir/ frightful visitation1 & 
,i fl$2 b n till ,i _h s\ght 8 grave1 & 
exact$ ! dread expiation f ! ,vampyr40  
,n9a's blood ran cold4 ,%e /ood         
horror-/rick54 ,b h] "y he>t soon ma/]$ 
h] fir/ despair4 ,) a t\*+ voice %e     

spoke--  8,fe> n1 de> ,arnod2 fe> n n[4 
,i w be y\r %ield1 or ,i w die ) y60  ,&
 %e encircl$ 8 neck ) h] g5tle arms1 &  
return+ hope %one1 ,iris-l1 amid h]     
fall+ te>s4 ,aft]w>ds !y f\nd a         
reasonable gr\nd = bani%+ or allay+ _!  
appreh5sion 9 ! l5g? ( "t :i* _h elaps$ 
s9ce ,arnod left ,cossova1 dur+ :i* no  
fe>ful visitant _h aga9 approa*$ him2 & 
!y fondly tru/$ t gave !m security4  ,x 
is a /range _w4 ,! ills we fe> are      
commonly n ^? :i* ov]:elm u4 ,! bl[s t  
rea* u are = ! mo/ "p un=ese54 ,"o day1 
ab\t a week aft] ?is conv]sation1 ,arnod
 miss$ 8 foot+ :5 on ! top ( a load$    
hay-wagon1 & fell f x to ! gr\nd4 ,he 0 
pick$ up ins5sible1 & c>ri$ home1 :]e1  
aft] l+]+ a %ort "t1 he di$4 ,8 int]m5t1
 z usual1 foll[$ imm$iately4 ,8 fate 0  
sad & premature4 ,b :at p5cil c\ld pa9t 
,n9a's grief6  ,tw5ty or ?irty days aft]
 8 decease1 says ! p]fectly au!nticat$  
report ( ^! transactions1 sev]al ( !    
neighb\rhood compla9$ t !y 7 haunt$ by !
 deceas$ ,arnod2 &1 :at 0 m to !        

purpose1 f\r ( !m di$4 ,! evil1 look$ at
 skeptically1 0 bad en\gh1 b aggravat$  
by ! sugge/ions ( sup]/ition1 x spread a
 panic ?r\gh ! :ole di/rict4 ,to allay !
 popul> t]ror1 & if possible to get at !
 root ( ! evil1 a det]m9ation 0 come to 
publicly to dis9t] ! body ( ,arnod1 ) ! 
view ( asc]ta9+ :e!r he really 0 a      
,vampyr1 &1 9 t ev5t1 ( treat+ him      
con=mably4 ,! day fix$ = ?is proce$+ 0 !
 =tie? aft] 8 burial4  ,x 0 on a gray   
morn+ 9 e>ly ,augu/ t ! commission      
visit$ ! quiet cemet]y ( ,m$uegna1 :i*1 
surr\nd$ ) a wall ( unhewn /one1 lies   
%elt]$ by ! m\nta9 t1 ris+ 9 undulat+   
gre5 slopes1 irregul>ly plant$ ) fruit  
trees1 ends 9 an abrupt craggy ridge1   
fea!r$ ) und]wood4 ,! graves 71 = ! mo/ 
"p1 neatly kept1 ) bord]s ( box1 or     
some?+ l x1 & fl[]s betwe52 & at ! head 
( mo/ a small wood5 cross1 pa9t$ black1 
be>+ ! "n ( ! t5ant4 ,"h & !re a /one _h
 be5 rais$4 ,"o ( consid]able height1 a 
s+le n>r[ slab1 ornam5t$ ) grotesque    
,go?ic c>v+s1 dom9at$ ov] ! re/4 ,ne>   

?is lay ! grave ( ,arnod ,paole1 t[>ds  
:i* ! p>ty mov$4 ,! "w ( ?r[+ out ! e>? 
0 begun by ! gray1 crook$ old sexton1 :o
 liv$ 9 ! ,lei*5haus1 beyond ! great    
crucifix4 ,he seem$ unconc]n$ en\gh2 no 
,vampyr w\ld ?9k ( extract+ a supp] out 
( him4 ,ne>e/ ! grave /ood two milit>y  
surgeons1 or felds*]]s1 f ,belgrade1 & a
 drumm]-boy1 :o held _! case (          
in/rum5ts4 ,! boy look$ on ) ke5 int]e/2
 & :5 ! c(f9 0 expos$ & r r\ghly drawn  
out ( ! grave1 8 pale face & bright     
int5t eye %[$ h[ ! sc5e mov$ him4 ,!    
sexton lift$ ! lid ( ! c(f93 ! body _h  
become incl9$ to "o side4 ,!n turn+ x   
/raight1 8,ha6 ha60 said he1 po9t+ to   
fre% blood ^u ! lips--8,ha6 ha6 ,:at6   
,y\r m\? n wip$ s9ce la/ night's "w80 ,!
 spectators %udd]$2 ! drumm]-boy sank   
=w>d1 fa9t+1 & upset ! in/rum5t-case1   
scatt]+ its cont5ts2 ! s5ior surgeon1   
infect$ ) ! horror ( ! sc5e1 repress$ a 
ha/y exclamation1 & simply cross$       
himself4 ,!y ?rew wat] on ! drumm]-boy1 
& he recov]$1 b w\ld n leave ! spot4 ,!n

 !y inspect$ ! body ( ,arnod4 ,x look$ z
 if x _h n be5 dead a day4 ,on h&l+ x1 !
 sc>f-sk9 came (f1 b bel[ 7 new sk9 &   
new nails6 ,h[ c\ld !y h come !re b f   
its f\l fe$+6 ,! case 0 cle> en\gh2 !re 
lay be=e !m ! ?+ !y dread$--! ,vampyr4  
,s1 )\t m ado1 !y simply drove a /ake   
?r\gh poor ,arnod's *e/1 :]eupon a      
quantity ( blood gu%$ =?1 & ! corpse    
utt]$ an audible groan4 8,murd]6 oh1    
murd]60 %riek$ ! drumm]-boy1 z he ru%$  
wildly1 ) convuls$ ge/ures1 f ! cemet]y4
  ,! drumm]-boy 0 n f> f ! m>k4 ,b1     
quitt+ ! romanc+ ve91 :i* _h l$ me to   
try & re/ore ! orig9al col\rs ( !       
picture1 let me conf9e myself1 9        
describ+ ! re/ ( ! sc5e & :at foll[$1 to
 ! words ( my au?ority4  ,! body (      
,arnod 0 !n burnt to a%es1 :i* 7 return$
 to ! grave4 ,! au?orities fur!r /ak$ & 
burnt ! bodies ( ! f\r o!rs :i* 7       
suppos$ to h be5 infect$ by ,arnod4 ,no 
m5tion is made ( ! /ate 9 :i* !y 7 f\nd4
 ,! adoption ( ^! decisive measures     
fail$1 h[ev]1 entirely to ext+ui% !     

evil1 :i* cont9u$ /ill to hang ab\t !   
village4 ,ab\t five ye>s aft]w>ds x _h  
aga9 become v rife1 & _m di$ ?r\gh x2   
:]eupon ! au?orities det]m9$ to make    
ano!r & a complete cle>ance ( ! ,vampyrs
 9 ! cemet]y1 & ) t object !y _h all !  
graves1 to :i* pres5t suspicion atta*$1 
op5$1 & _! cont5ts (ficially anatomiz$1 
( :i* proc$ure ! foll[+ is ! m$ical     
report1 "h & !re abridg$ only3--  #a4 ,a
 woman ( ! "n ( ,/ana1 tw5ty ye>s ( age1
 :o _h di$ ?ree mon?s be=e ( a ?ree     
days' illness foll[+ h] conf9em5t4 ,%e  
_h be=e h] dea? av[$ t %e _h ano9t$     
h]self ) ! blood ( a ,vampyr1 to lib]ate
 h]self f 8 p]secution4 ,nev]!less1 %e1 
z well z h] infant1 ^: body ?r\gh       
c>eless int]m5t _h be5 half eat5 by !   
dogs1 _h di$4 ,h] body 0 entirely free f
 decomposition4 ,on op5+ x1 ! *e/ 0 f\nd
 full ( rec5tly effus$ blood1 & ! b[els 
_h exactly ! appe>ances ( s\nd heal?4 ,!
 sk9 & nails ( h] h&s & feet 7 loose &  
came (f1 b und]nea? lay new sk9 & nails4
  #b4 ,a woman ( ! "n ( ,miliza1 :o _h  

di$ at ! end ( a ?ree mon?s' illness4 ,!
 body _h be5 buri$ n9ety & odd days4 ,9 
! *e/ 0 liquid blood4 ,! visc]a 7 z 9 ! 
=m] in/ance4 ,! body 0 decl>$ by a      
heyduk1 :o recognis$ x1 to be 9 bett]   
condition1 & fatt]1 ?an x _h be5 9 !    
woman's legitimate lifetime4  #c4 ,!    
body ( a *ild eight ye>s old1 t _h      
likewise be5 buri$ n9ety days3 x 0 9 !  
,vampyr condition4  #d4 ,! son ( a      
heyduk nam$ ,milloc1 sixte5 ye>s old4 ,!
 body _h la9 9 ! grave n9e weeks4 ,he _h
 di$ aft] ?ree days' indisposition1 & 0 
9 ! condition ( a ,vampyr4  #e4 ,joa*im1
 likewise son ( a heyduk1 sev5te5 ye>s  
old4 ,he _h di$ aft] ?ree days' illness2
 _h be5 buri$ eight weeks & "s days2 0  
f\nd 9 ! ,vampyr /ate4  #f4 ,a woman ( !
 "n ( ,ru%a1 :o _h di$ ( an illness ( t5
 days' duration1 & _h be5 six weeks     
buri$1 9 :om likewise fre% blood 0 f\nd 
9 ! *e/4  7,! read] w und]/&1 t to see  
blood 9 ! *e/1 x is fir/ necess>y to cut
 ! *e/ op547  #g4 ,! body ( a girl ( t5 
ye>s ( age1 :o _h di$ two mon?s be=e4 ,x

 0 likewise 9 ! ,vampyr /ate1 p]fectly  
undecompos$1 ) blood 9 ! *e/4  #h4 ,!   
body ( ! wife ( "o ,hadnuck1 buri$ sev5 
weeks be=e2 & t ( h] infant1 eight weeks
 old1 buri$ only tw5ty-"o days4 ,!y 7   
bo? 9 a /ate ( decomposition1 ?\gh buri$
 9 ! same gr\nd1 & closely adjo9+ !     
o!rs4  #i4 ,a s]vant1 by "n ,rhade1     
tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age2 he _h di$ aft] an
 illness ( ?ree mon?s' duration1 & !    
body _h be5 buri$ five weeks4 ,x 0 9 a  
/ate ( decomposition4  #aj4 ,! body ( ! 
heyduk ,/anco1 sixty ye>s ( age1 :o _h  
di$ six weeks previ\sly4 ,!re 0 mu*     
blood & o!r fluid 9 ! *e/ & abdom51 & ! 
body 0 9 ! ,vampyr condition4  #aa4     
,millac1 a heyduk1 tw5ty-five ye>s old4 
,! body _h be5 9 ! e>? six weeks4 ,x 0  
p]fectly 9 ! ,vampyr condition4  #ab4   
,/anjoika1 ! wife ( a heyduk1 tw5ty ye>s
 old2 _h di$ aft] an illness ( ?ree     
days1 & _h be5 buri$ eighte54 ,!        
c\nt5ance 0 florid4 ,!re 0 blood 9 ! *e/
 & 9 ! he>t4 ,! visc]a 7 p]fectly s\nd2 
! sk9 rem>kably fre%4  ,! docum5t :i*   

gives ! above p>ticul>s is sign$ by ?ree
 regim5tal surgeons1 & =mally c\nt]sign$
 by a lieut5ant-colonel & sub-lieut5ant4
 ,x be>s ! date ( 8,june #g1 #agcb1     
,m$uegna ne> ,belgrade40 ,no d\bt c be  
ent]ta9$ ( its au!nticity1 or ( its     
g5]al fidelity2 ! less t x does n /&    
alone1 b is support$ by a mass ( evid5ce
 to ! same effect4 ,x appe>s to e/abli%1
 beyond "q1 t :]e ! fe> ( ,vampyrism    
prevails1 & !re occur sev]al dea?s1 9 ! 
popul> belief connect$ ) x1 ! bodies1 :5
 dis9t]r$ weeks aft] burial1 pres5t !   
appe>ance ( corpses f :i* life has only 
rec5tly dep>t$4  ,:at inf]5ce %all we   
draw f ?is fact8--t ,vampyrism is true 9
 ! popul> s5se8--& t ^! fre%-look+ &    
well-condition$ corpses _h "s my/]i\s   
s\rce ( pret]natural n\ri%m5t8 ,t w\ld  
be to adopt1 n to solve ! sup]/ition4   
,let u cont5t ourselves ) a notion n s  
mon/r\s1 b /ill />tl+ en\gh3 t ! bodies1
 :i* 7 f\nd 9 ! s-call$ ,vampyr /ate1   
in/ead ( be+ 9 a new or my/ical         
condition1 7 simply alive 9 ! common    

way1 or _h be5 s = "s "t subsequ5t to _!
 int]m5t2 t1 9 %ort1 !y 7 ! bodies (    
p]sons :o _h be5 buri$ alive1 & ^: life1
 :]e x yet l+]$1 0 f9ally ext+ui%$ ?r\gh
 ! ignorance & b>b>ity ( ^? :o dis9t]r$ 
!m4 ,9 ! foll[+ sket* ( a simil> sc5e to
 t above describ$1 ! correctness ( ?is  
inf]5ce comes out ) t]rific =ce4        
,erasmus ,francisci1 9 8 rem>ks ^u !    
description ( ! ,duk$om ( ,kra9 by      
,valvasor1 speaks ( a man ( ! "n (      
,gr&o1 9 ! di/rict ( ,kr+1 :o di$1 0    
buri$1 & became a ,vampyr1 & z su* 0    
exhum$ = ! purpose ( hav+ a /ake ?ru/   
?r\gh him4  8,:5 !y op5$ 8 grave1 aft]  
he _h be5 long buri$1 8 face 0 f\nd ) a 
col\r1 & 8 features made natural sorts (
 movem5ts1 z if ! dead man smil$4 ,he   
ev5 op5$ 8 m\? z if he w\ld inhale fre% 
air4 ,!y held ! crucifix be=e him1 &    
call$ 9 a l\d voice1 #8,see1 ?is is     
,jesus ,*ri/ :o r$eem$ y\r s\l f hell1 &
 di$ = y4' ,aft] ! s\nd _h act$ on 8    
organs ( he>+1 & he _h connect$ p]haps  
"s ideas ) x1 te>s began to fl[ f ! dead

 man's eyes4 ,f9ally1 :5 aft] a %ort    
pray] = 8 poor s\l1 !y proce$$ to hack  
(f 8 head1 ! corpse utt]$ a scree*1 &   
turn$ & roll$ j z if x _h be5 alive--& !
 grave 0 full ( blood40  ,we h ?us      
succe$$ 9 int]pret+ "o ( ! unkn[n t]ms 9
 ! ,vampyr !orem4 ,! suspici\s "*1 :o _h
 "s d>k way ( n\ri%+ himself 9 ! grave1 
turns out to be an un=tunate g5tleman   
7or lady7 :om 8 fri5ds _h buri$ "u a    
mi/ake :ile he 0 /ill alive1 & :o1 if !y
 aft]w>ds m]cifully let him alone1 di$  
soon] or lat] ei!r naturally or ( !     
premature int]m5t--9 ei!r case1 x is to 
be hop$1 ) no int]val ( re/or$          
consci\sness4 ,! /ate :i* ?us pass$ =   
dea? & l$ to su* fatal consequ5ces1 ap>t
 f sup]/ition1 des]ves our s]i\s        
consid]ation2 =1 al?\gh ( v r>e1 x is ( 
cont9ual occurr5ce1 & society is n      
suffici5tly on its gu>d aga9/ a cont+5cy
 s dreadful :5 ov]look$4 ,:5 ! nurse or 
! doctor has ann\nc$ t all is ov]--t !  
valu$ fri5d or relative has brea!d 8    
la/--no d\bt crosses any "o's m9d ( !   

reality ( ! sad ev5t4 ,disease is n[ s  
well und]/ood--e /ep 9 its m>* laid d[n 
& =ese5--! approa* ( dang] accurately   
e/imat$--! liability ( ! pati5t1 accord+
 to 8 p[]s ( resi/+ x1 to succumb e>li] 
or to hold out long]--all is !oretically
 s cle> t a :olesome suspicion ( error 9
 ! v]dict ( ! att5dants seldom sugge/s  
itself4 ,! evil ,i am consid]+ ought n1 
h[ev]1 to be attribut$ to r$undance ( k3
 x arises f its p>tial lack--f a too    
g5]al neglect ( "o v important section 9
 pa?ological sci5ce4 ,! laity1 if n !   
doctors too1 con/antly lose sight ( !   
fact1 t !re exi/s an alt]native to !    
fatal ev5t ( ord9>y disease2 t a pati5t 
is liable at any p]iod ( illness to     
deviate1 or1 z x 71 to slide (f1 f !    
cu/om>y l9e ( disease into ano!r & a    
deceptive r\te--in/ead ( dea?1 to       
enc\nt] app>5t dea?4  ,! ,g]mans express
 ?is condition ( ! liv+ body by ! t]m   
8s*e9tod10 :i* signifies exactly app>5t 
dea?2 & x is p]haps a bett] t]m ?an our 
,engli% equival5t1 8susp5d$ animation40 

,b bo? ^! expressions are g5]ic t]ms1 & 
a specific t]m is /ill want$ to d5ote ! 
pres5t class ( in/ances4 ,to meet ?is   
exig5cy1 ,i propose1 = reasons :i* w    
aft]w>ds appe>1 to employ ! t]m         
8dea?-trance0 to designate ! cases we   
are inve/igat+4  ,dea?-trance is1 !n1 "o
 ( ! =ms ( susp5d$ animation3 !re are   
sev]al o!rs4 ,aft] incomplete poison+1  
aft] suffocation 9 ei!r ( its v>i\s     
ways1 aft] exposure to cold 9 infants   
newly born1 a /ate is occasionally met  
)1 ( :i* 7h[ev] ea* may /ill diff] f !  
re/7 ! common feature is an app>5t      
susp5sion ( ! vital actions4 ,b all ( ^!
 s-cit$ in/ances agree 9 ano!r important
 respect1 :i* second int]-agreem5t      
sep>ates !m z a class f dea?-trance4 ,!y
 repres5t1 ea* & all1 a p]iod ( conflict
 betwe5 ! effects ( c]ta9 delet]i\s     
impressions & ! vital pr9ciple1 ! latt] 
/ruggl+ aga9/ ! weight & =ce ( ! =m]4   
,su* is n ! case 9 dea?-trance4         
,dea?-trance is a positive /atus--a     
p]iod ( repose --! duration ( :i* is    

sometimes def9ite & pr$et]m9$1 ?\gh     
unkn[n4 ,?us ! pati5t1 ! t]m ( !        
dea?-trance hav+ expir$1 occasionally   
sudd5ly wakes1 entirely & at once       
re/or$4 ,(t5]1 h[ev]1 ! ma*9]y :i* has  
be5 /opp$ seems to require to be        
jogg$--!n x goes on aga94  ,! basis (   
dea?-trance is susp5sion ( ! action ( ! 
he>t1 & ( ! brea?+1 & ( volunt>y motion2
 g5]ally likewise feel+ & intellig5ce1 &
 ! vegetative *anges 9 ! body1 are      
susp5d$4 ,) ^! ph5om5a is jo9$ loss (   
ext]nal w>m?2 s t ! usual evid5ce ( life
 is gone4 ,b !re h occurr$ v>ieties (   
?is condition1 9 :i* occasional slight  
manife/ations ( "o or o!r ( ! vital     
actions h be5 obs]v$4  ,dea?-trance may 
occur z a prim>y affection1 sudd5ly or  
gradually4 ,! diseases ! c\rse ( :i* x  
is liable1 z x 71 to bifurcate1 or to   
graft itself ^u1 are fir/ & pr9cipally  
all disord]s ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,b 9 any  
=m ( disease1 :5 ! body is br\ght to a  
c]ta9 degree ( debility1 dea?-trance may
 sup]v5e4 ,age & sex h to d ) its       

occurr5ce2 :i* is m frequ5t 9 ! "y ?an 9
 ! old1 9 wom5 ?an 9 m5--diff]5ces      
evid5tly connect$ ) great] irritability 
( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,accord+ly1 wom5 9     
lab\r are among ! mo/ liable to         
dea?-trance1 & x is f su* a case t ,i w 
give a fir/ in/ance ( ! affection z     
portray$ by a m$ical witness4 7,j\rnal  
des ,savans1 #agdi47  ,m4 ,rigaudeaux1  
surgeon to ! milit>y hospital1 & lic5s$ 
acc\*] at ,d\ai1 0 s5t = on ! #h? (     
,septemb]1 #agde1 to att5d ! wife (     
,francis ,dumont1 resid+ two leagues f !
 t[n4 ,he 0 late 9 gett+ !re2 x 0       
half-pa/ eight1 ,a4 ,m4--too late1 x    
seem$2 ! pati5t 0 decl>$ to h di$ at six
 o'clock1 aft] eighte5 h\rs (           
ineffectual lab\r-pa9s4 ,m4 ,rigaudeaux 
inspect$ ! body2 !re 0 no pulse or      
brea?2 ! m\? 0 full ( fro?1 ! abdom5    
tumid4 ,he br\ght away ! infant1 :i* he 
committ$ to ! c>e ( ! nurses1 :o1 aft]  
try+ to reanimate x = ?ree h\rs1 gave up
 ! attempt1 & prep>$ to lay x out1 :5 x 
op5$ its m\?4 ,!y !n gave x w9e1 & x 0  

spe$ily recov]$4 ,m4 ,rigaudeaux1 :o    
return$ to ! h\se z ?is occurr$1        
inspect$ aga9 ! body ( ! "m4 7,x _h be5 
already nail$ d[n 9 a c(f947 ,he exam9$ 
x ) ! utmo/ c>e2 b he came to !         
conclusion t x 0 c]ta9ly dead4          
,nev]!less1 z ! jo9ts ( ! limbs 7 /ill  
flexible1 al?\gh sev5 h\rs _h elaps$    
s9ce its app>5t dea?1 he left ! /ricte/ 
injunctions to wat* ! body c>efully1 to 
apply /imulants to ! no/rils f "t to "t1
 to slap ! palms ( ! h&s1 & ! l4 ,at    
half-pa/ ?ree o'clock symptoms ( return+
 animation %[$ !mselves1 & ! pati5t     
recov]$4  ,! p]iod dur+ :i* e ord9>y    
sign ( life may be abs5t1 )\t !         
prev5tion ( _! return1 is unkn[n1 b 9   
well-au!nticat$ cases x has mu* exce$$ !
 p]iod obs]v$ 9 ! above in/ance4 ,"h is 
an example borr[$ f ! ,j\rnal des       
,savans1 #agda4  ,!re 0 a ,colonel      
,russell1 ^: wife1 to :om he 0          
affectionately atta*$1 di$1 or appe>$ to
 d s4 ,b he w\ld n all[ ! body to be    
buri$2 & ?reat5$ to %oot any "o :o %\ld 

int]f]e to remove x = t purpose4 ,8     
conduct 0 guid$ by reason z well z by   
affection & in/9ct4 ,he said he w\ld n  
"p f ! body till its decomposition _h   
begun4 ,eight days _h pass$1 dur+ :i* ! 
body ( 8 wife gave no sign ( life3 :51 z
 he sat b$ew+ h] h& ) 8 te>s1 !         
*ur*-bell toll$1 &1 to 8 unspeakable    
amazem5t1 8 wife sat up & said--8,t is !
 la/ bell2 we %all be too late40 ,%e    
recov]$4  ,!re are cases on record (    
p]sons1 :o c\ld spontane\sly fall into  
dea?-trance4 ,monti1 9 a lett] to       
,hall]1 adv]ts to sev]al2 & m5tions1 9  
p>ticul>1 a peasant ^u :om1 :5 he assum$
 ?is /ate1 ! flies w\ld settle2 brea?+1 
! pulse1 & all ord9>y signs ( life      
disappe>$4 ,a prie/ ( ! "n ( ,clius     
,rhodag9us _h ! same faculty4 ,b ! mo/  
celebrat$ in/ance is t ( ,colonel       
,t[n%5d1 m5tion$ 9 ! surgical works (   
,goo*1 by :om & by ,dr4 ,*eyne & ,dr4   
,bayn>d1 & by ,mr4 ,%r9e1 an apo!c>y1 ! 
p]=mance ( ,colonel ,t[n%5d 0 se5 &     
atte/$4 ,!y _h long att5d$ him1 = he 0  

an habitual invalid1 & he _h (t5 invit$ 
!m to witness ! ph5om5on ( 8 dy+ & com+ 
to life aga92 b !y _h hi!rto refus$1 f  
fe> ( ! consequ5ces to himself3 at la/  
!y ass5t$4 ,accord+ly1 9 _! pres5ce1    
,colonel ,t[n%5d laid himself d[n on 8  
back1 & ,dr4 ,*eyne und]took to obs]ve 8
 pulse2 ,dr4 ,bayn>d laid 8 h& on 8     
he>t1 & ,mr4 ,%r9e _h a look+-glass to  
hold to 8 m\?4 ,aft] a few seconds1     
pulse1 brea?+1 & ! action ( ! he>t1 7 no
 long] to be obs]v$4 ,ea* ( ! witnesses 
satisfi$ himself ( ! entire cessation ( 
^! ph5om5a4 ,:5 ! dea?-trance _h la/$   
half-an-h\r1 ! doctors began to fe> t _!
 pati5t _h pu%$ ! exp]im5t too f>1 & 0  
dead 9 e>ne/2 & !y 7 prep>+ to leave !  
h\se1 :5 a slight movem5t ( ! body      
attract$ _! att5tion4 ,!y r5ew$ _! r\t9e
 ( obs]vation2 :5 ! pulse & s5sible     
motion ( ! he>t gradually return$1 &    
brea?+1 & consci\sness4 ,! tale ends    
abruptly4 ,colonel ,t[n%5d1 on recov]+1 
s5t = 8 attorney1 made 8 w1 & di$1 =    
good & all1 six h\rs aft]w>ds4  ,al?\gh 

_m h recov]$ f dea?-trance1 & !re seems 
to be 9 ea* case a def9ite p]iod to its 
duration1 yet its ev5t is n always s    
=tunate4 ,! pati5t sometimes really dies
 dur+ its cont9uance1 ei!r unavoidably1 
or 9 consequ5ce ( adequate measures n   
be+ tak5 to /imulate him to wak51 or to 
support life4 ,! foll[+ v good in/ance  
re/s on ! au?ority ( ,dr4 ,s*midt1 a    
physician ( ! hospital ( ,pad]born1 :]e 
x occurr$1 7,rhe9is*-,we/phlis*]        
,anzeig]1 #ahce1 ,no4 #eg & #eh47  ,a "y
 man ( ! "n ( ,casp> ,kreite1 f ,b]ne1  
di$ 9 ! hospital ( ,pad]born1 b 8 body  
c\ld n be int]r$ = ?ree weeks1 = !      
foll[+ reasons4 ,dur+ ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r  
h\rs aft] draw+ its la/ brea?1 ! corpse 
op5$ its eyes1 & ! pulse c\ld be felt1 =
 a few m9utes1 beat+ feebly &           
irregul>ly4 ,on ! ?ird & f\r? day1 po9ts
 ( ! sk91 :i* _h be5 burn$ to te/ !     
reality ( 8 dea?1 suppurat$4 ,on ! fif? 
day ! corpse *ang$ ! position ( "o h&3  
on ! n9? day a vesicul> eruption appe>$ 
on ! back4 ,= n9e days !re 0 a v]tical  

fold ( ! sk9 ( ! =ehead--a sort (       
fr[n--& ! features _h n ! "* ( dea?4 ,! 
lips rema9$ r$ till ! eighte5? day2 & ! 
jo9ts pres]v$ _! flexibility f fir/ to  
la/4 ,he lay 9 ?is /ate 9 a w>m room =  
n9ete5 days1 )\t any f>!r alt]ation ?an 
a s5sible wa/+ 9 fle%4 ,till aft] !     
n9ete5? day no discoloration ( ! body1  
or od\r ( putrefaction1 0 obs]v$4 ,he _h
 be5 cur$ ( ague1 & lab\r$ "u a slight  
*e/ affection2 b !re _h be5 no adequate 
cause = 8 dea?4 ,x is evid5t t ?is p]son
 0 mu* m alive ?an _m are 9 !           
dea?-trance2 & "o half suspects t       
/imulants & n\ri%m5t1 prop]ly introduc$1
 might h entirely reanimat$ him4  ,i    
might exemplify dea?-trance by _m a well
 au!nticat$ romantic /ory4--,a noise    
he>d 9 a vault2 ! p1 in/ead ( break+ op5
 ! door1 g = ! keys1 & = au?ority to    
act1 & return too late2 ! un=tunate     
p]son is f\nd dead1 hav+ previ\sly gnawn
 h] h& & arm 9 agony4--,a lady is buri$ 
) a jewel ( value on h] f+]2 ?ieves op5 
! vault to possess !mselves ( !         

treasure2 ! r+ _c be drawn f ! f+]1 & ! 
?ieves proce$ to cut ! f+] (f2 ! lady1  
wak5+ f h] trance1 sc>es ! ?ieves away1 
& recov]s4--,a "y m>ri$ lady dies & is  
buri$2 a =m] admir]1 to :om h] p>5ts _h 
refus$ h] h&1 bribes ! sexton to let him
 see once m ! =m he lov$4 ,! body       
opportunely comes to life at ?is mom5t1 
& flies f ,p>is ) its fir/ lov] to      
,engl&1 :]e !y are m>ri$4 ,v5tur+ to    
return to ,france1 ! lady is recognis$1 
& is reclaim$ by h] previ\s husb& ?r\gh 
a suit at law2 h] c\nsel demurs1 on !   
gr\nd ( ! des]tion & burial2 b ! law n  
admitt+ ?is plea1 %e flies aga9 to      
,engl& ) h] pres]v]1 to avoid ! judgm5t 
( ! p>liam5t ( ,p>is1 9 ! acts ( :i* !  
case /&s record$4 ,!re are "o or two o!r
 cases t ,i d>e n cite1 ! p>ticul>s (   
:i* transc5d ! wilde/ flights (         
imag9ation4  ,x may be ?\ght t ^! are   
all tales ( ! old5 "t2 & t ! v case ,i h
 giv5 f ! hospital at ,pad]born %[s t n[
 m$ical m5 are suffici5tly circumspect1 
& ! public really on its gu>d to prev5t 

a liv+ p]son be+ int]r$ z "o dead4 ,& ,i
 grant t 9 ,engl&1 among all b ! poore/ 
class1 ! dang] is practically           
inconsid]able ( be+ buri$ alive4 ,b t x 
/ill exi/s = e class1 & t = ! poor !    
dang] is great & s]i\s1 ,i am afraid !re
 is too mu* reason = believ+4 ,x is /at$
 9 ,froriep's ,notiz51 #ahbi1 ,no4 #ebb1
 t1 agreeably to a !n rec5t ord9ance 9  
,new ,york1 c(f9s pres5t$ = burial 7    
kept above gr\nd eight days1 op5 at !   
head1 & s arrang$1 t ! lea/ movem5t ( ! 
body w\ld r+ a bell1 ?r\gh /r+s atta*$  
to ! h&s & feet4 ,x w h>dly be cr$it$1 t
 out ( twelve hundr$ ^: int]m5t _h be5  
?us po/pon$1 six return$ to life--"o 9 e
 two hundr$6 ,! arrangem5t ?us          
b5efic5tly adopt$ at ,new ,york is1     
h[ev]1 imp]fect1 z x makes "t ! crit]ion
 = int]m5t4 ,! "t is n kn[n dur+ :i* a  
body 9 dea?-trance may rema9 alive4     
,no?+ b "o positive condition ( ! body1 
:i* ,i w pres5tly m5tion1 au!nticates   
dea?4 ,x is frightful to ?9k h[1 9 ! s\?
 ( ,europe1 )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] ! la/

 brea? bodies are %ovell$ into pits     
among heap$ corpses2 & to imag9e :at    
fe>ful agonies ( despair mu/ sometimes  
be enc\nt]$ by unhappy be+s1 :o wake    
amid ! unutt]able horrors ( su* a grave4
 ,b x is en\gh to look at home1 & to    
make no delay 9 provid+ !re = ! c>eful  
wat*+ ( ! bodies ( ! poor1 till life has
 c]ta9ly dep>t$4 ,_m d n dream h[ b>b>\s
 & backw>d ! vaunt$ n9ete5? c5tury w    
appe> to po/]ity6  ,b !re is ano!r dang]
 to :i* society is obnoxi\s ?r\gh n mak+
 suffici5t acc\nt ( ! cont+5cy (        
dea?-trance1 t appe>s to me m urg5t &   
m5ac+ ?an ev5 ! risk ( be+ buri$ alive4 
,! dang] ,i adv]t to is n ?is2 b ?is is 
some?+--  ,! ,c>d9al ,esp9osa1 prime    
m9i/] "u ,philip ! ,second ( ,spa91 di$1
 z x 0 suppos$1 aft] a %ort illness4 ,8 
rank entitl$ him to be embalm$4         
,accord+ly1 ! body 0 op5$ = t purpose4  
,! lungs & he>t _h j be5 br\ght into    
view1 :5 ! latt] 0 se5 to beat4 ,!      
c>d9al awak5+ at ! fatal mom5t1 _h /ill 
/r5g? en\gh left to seize ) 8 h& ! knife

 ( ! anatomi/6  ,b x is ?is--  ,on !    
#bc;d ( ,septemb]1 #agfc1 ! ,abb        
,prevo/1 ! ,fr5* noveli/ & compil] (    
travels1 0 seiz$ ) a fit 9 ! =e/ (      
,*antilly4 ,! body 0 f\nd1 & convey$ to 
! resid5ce ( ! ne>e/ cl]gyman4 ,x 0     
suppos$ t dea? _h tak5 place ?r\gh      
apoplexy4 ,b ! local au?orities1 desir+ 
to be satisfi$ ( ! fact1 ord]$ ! body to
 be exam9$4 ,dur+ ! process1 ! poor abb 
utt]$ a cry ( agony4--,x 0 too late4  ,x
 is to be obs]v$ t cases ( sudd5 &      
unexpla9$ dea? are1 on ! "o h&1 ! cases 
mo/ likely to furni% a l>ge p]c5tage (  
dea?-trance2 &1 on ! o!r1 are j ^? 9 :i*
 ! anxiety ( fri5ds or ! ov]-zeal\sness 
( a coron] is liable to lead to         
premature anatomization4 ,nor does x ev5
 foll[ t1 because ! body happily did n  
wake :ile be+ dissect$1 ! sp>k ( life 0 
!re=e ext9ct4 ,?is view1 h[ev]1 is too  
pa9ful to be foll[$ out 9 ref]5ce to !  
pa/4 ,b x imp]atively sugge/s !         
necessity ( =bidd+ necroscopic          
exam9ations1 be=e !re is p]fect evid5ce 

t life has dep>t$--t is1 ( ext5d+ to ?is
 practice ! rule :i* ought to be made   
absolute 9 ref]5ce to int]m5t4  ,?us    
comes out ! practical importance ( ! "q1
 h[ is x to be kn[n t ! body is no long]
 alive8  ,! entire abs5ce ( ! ord9>y    
signs ( life is insuffici5t to prove !  
abs5ce ( life4 ,! body may be ext]nally 
cold2 ! pulse n be felt2 brea?+ may h   
ceas$2 no bodily motion may occur2 !    
limbs may be /iff 7?r\gh spasm72 !      
sph9ct] muscles relax$2 no blood may fl[
 f an op5$ ve92 ! eyes may h become     
glassy2 !re may be p>tial mortification 
to (f5d ! s5se ) ! smell ( dea?2 & yet !
 body may be alive4  ,! only security we
 at pres5t "k (1 t life has left ! body1
 is ! sup]v5tion ( *emical              
decomposition1 %[n 9 comm5c+ *ange (    
col\r ( ! integum5ts ( ! abdom5 & ?roat 
to blue & gre51 & an att5dant cadav]\s  
fetor4  ,to return f ?is important      
digression to ! =m] subject ( ! ,vampyr 
sup]/ition4 ,! second elem5t :i* we h   
yet to expla9 is ! ,vampyr visit & its  

consequ5ce--! lapse ( ! p>ty visit$ into
 dea?-trance4 ,!re are two ways ( deal+ 
) ?is knot2 "o is to cut x1 ! o!r to    
untie x4  ,x may be cut1 by d5y+ !      
suppos$ connexion betwe5 ! ,vampyr visit
 & ! sup]v5tion ( dea?-trance 9 ! second
 p>ty4 ,nor is ! explanation ?us obta9$ 
devoid ( plausibility4 ,!re is no reason
 :y dea?-trance %\ld n1 9 c]ta9 seasons 
& places1 be epidemic4 ,!n ! p]sons mo/ 
liable to x w\ld be ^? ( weak &         
irritable n]v\s sy/ems4 ,aga91 a fir/   
effect ( ! epidemic might be fur!r to   
%ake ! n]ves ( weak] subjects4 ,^! are  
exactly ! p]sons :o are likely to be    
infect$ ) imag9>y t]rors1 & to dream1 or
 ev5 to fancy1 !y h se5 ,mr4 or ,mrs4   
su* a "o1 ! la/ victims ( ! epidemic4 ,!
 dream or impression ^u ! s5ses might   
aga9 recur1 & ! sick5+ pati5t h already 
talk$ ( x to 8 neighb\rs1 be=e he       
himself 0 seiz$ ) dea?-trance4 ,on ?is  
supposition1 ! ,vampyr visit w\ld s9k   
into ! subord9ate rank ( a m]e          
premonitory symptom4  ,to myself1 ,i mu/

 confess1 ?is explanation1 ! be/ ,i am  
yet 9 a position to (f]1 appe>s b>r5 &  
jejune2 & n at all to d ju/ice to ! =ce 
& frequ5cy1 or1 z tradition repres5ts ! 
matt]1 ! univ]sality ( ! ,vampyr visit z
 a precursor ( ! victim's fate4 ,imag9e 
h[ /rong mu/ h be5 ! conviction ( !     
reality ( ! app>ition1 h[ common a      
feature x mu/ h be51 to h l$ to ! lay+  
d[n ( ! unnatural & repulsive process   
cu/om>ily foll[$ at ! ,vampyr's grave1 z
 ! regul> & prop] prev5tive ( ult]ior   
consequ5ces4  ,i am dispos$1 !re=e1 r to
 try & untie ?is knot1 & ) t object to  
wait1 hop+ t some?+ may turn up 9 !     
progress ( ^! inquiries to assi/ me 9   
its solution4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ,i w\ld beg 
leave to consid] ?is second half ( !    
problem a comp\nd ph5om5on1 ! solutions 
( ! two p>ts ( :i* may n em]ge          
simultane\sly4 ,! ,vampyr visit is "o   
?+2 its presum$ contagi\s effect ano!r4 
,! ,vampyr visit6 ,well1 x is cle> !    
,vampyr c\ld n h left 8 grave           
bodily--or1 at all ev5ts1 if he c\ld1 he

 nev] c\ld h buri$ himself aga94 ,yet 9 
8 grave !y always f\nd him4 ,s ! body   
c\ld n h be5 ! visitant4 ,!n1 9 popul>  
language1 x 0 ! gho/ ( ! ,vampyr t      
haunt$ its future victim4 ,! gho/ly     
nature ( ! visitant c\ld n h be5        
id5tifi$ at a lucki] mom5t4 ,! v subject
 :i* ,i next propose to und]take is !   
analysis ( gho/s4 ,i h1 !re=e1 only to  
?r[ ! ,vampyr gho/ into ! crucible ) !  
re/2 & to-morr[ ,i may p]haps be able to
 report ! rational composition ( ! :ole 
bat*4     ,,lett] ,,iii4   ,,unreal     
,,gho/s--,law ( ,s5sorial               
,illusions--,cases ( ,nicolai1          
,s*w$5borg1 ,joan (                     
,arc--,fet*es--,*ur*y>d gho/s4   ,!     
project$ analysis has be5 cr[n$ )       
success4 ,! fumes ( sup]/ition h be5    
driv5 (f1 & ! gho/s h be5 r$uc$ to      
rational elem5ts4 ,all trace (          
sup]natural ag5cy has vani%$2 & 9 its   
place are f\nd ?ree pr9ciples--"o       
physical1 two psy*ical--by ! help ( :i* 
e conceivable gho/ may 9 future be      

alt]nately decompos$ & recomp\nd$ by !  
m]e/ tyro4  ,! fir/ ( :i* ,i %all       
describe ! nature & op]ation is a       
psy*ical tru?1 already kn[n to mo/      
p]sons ( education4 ,x is ( v g5]al use 
9 gho/-build+2 x =ms ! imm$iate p]sonnel
 ( e gho/2 & is ( s active a nature t   
alone1 or assi/$ by a little cr$ulity1 x
 is en\gh to con/itute ! simple/ k9d--a 
common fet*4 ,mix$ ) a dose ( m5tal     
anxiety1 or z mu* remorse z w lie on !  
po9t ( a dagg]1 x w =m a tr\blesome     
retrospective gho/4 ,! second           
pr9ciple--a physical "o1 less g5]ally   
kn[n--is ! basis ( t /urdy app>ition !  
*ur*y>d gho/1 :i* x w turn out 9 v fair 
/yle aid$ by fancy alone2 b1 to p]fect !
 illusive result1 ! co-op]ation ( ! fir/
 pr9ciple is necess>y4 ,! ?ird1 an      
entirely new "o1 is ! f\ndation ( real  
gho/s--t is1 ( gho/s :i* ann\nce        
unexpect$ ev5ts1 di/ant 9 space or "t2 !
 same pr9ciple is conc]n$ 9 true dreams1
 & 9 second-sight4  ,! fir/ ( ! ?ree    
pr9ciples adv]t$ to is ! physiological  

fact t1 :5 ! blood is heat$1 ! n]v\s    
sy/em ov]/ra9$1 or dige/ion out ( sorts1
 ! !reby directly or sympa!tically      
disord]$ bra9 is liable to project be=e 
u illusory =ms1 :i* are col\r$ & move l 
life1 & are s f> undi/+ui%able f        
reality4 ,sometimes a second s5se is    
drawn into ! phantasmagoria1 & !        
fictiti\s be+s speak z y d4 ,almo/      
always ! illusion /ops !re4 ,b 9 "o or  
two m>vell\s cases1 ! t\* has be5       
involv$ 9 ! halluc9ation1 & ! gho/ has  
be5 tangible4 ,^! ph5om5a are t]m$      
s5sorial illusions4 ,! visual "p ( !m1 !
 fir/ & commone/1 has be5 ! mo/ att5d$  
to4 ,! cause imm$iately produc+ x appe>s
 to be an affection1 n ( ! organ (      
vision1 b ( t "p ( ! bra9 9 :i* ! n]ves 
( see+ take _! orig94 ,?is organ x is   
:i* 9 heal? realizes our s5sations (    
col\r1 & conv]ts !m into visual         
p]ceptions4 ,l o!r p>ts ( ! bra91 x is  
/or$ ) memories ( its pa/ impressions1  
ready to be evok$--ei!r pure & true by  
conception1 or any h[ comb9$ by fancy4  

,9 p]fect heal?1 a *ance mom5t ( w>m    
recollection w call up f ?is s\rce !    
once famili> face transi5tly1 b h[      
di/9ctly6  ,9 its morbid /ate1 ! be+s x 
projects be=e u are = ! mo/ "p /rang]s1 
j z ! p]sonages we meet 9 our dreams are
 exceptionally only our liv+ & pres5t   
acqua9tance4  ,! mo/ in/ructive case (  
s5sorial illusions on record1 z conta9+ 
! l>ge/ illu/ration ( ! ph5om5a1 is t ( 
,nicolai1 ! booksell] ( ,b]l94 ,!       
n>rative 0 read be=e ! ,academy (       
,sci5ces at ,b]l91 9 #agii4 ,its        
sub/ance runs ?us3--,nicolai _h met ) "s
 family tr\bles1 :i* mu* di/urb$ him4   
,!n1 on ! fir/ ( ,janu>y1 #agia1 !re    
/ood be=e him1 at ! di/ance ( t5 paces1 
! gho/ ( 8 elde/ son4 ,he po9t$ at x1   
direct+ 8 wife to look4 ,%e saw x n1 &  
tri$ to conv9ce ,nicolai t x 0 an       
illusion4 ,9 a qu>t] ( an h\r x vani%$4 
,9 ! aft]noon1 at f\r o'clock1 x came   
aga94 ,nicolai 0 alone4 ,he w5t to 8    
wife's room1 ! gho/ foll[$ him4 ,ab\t   
six o!r app>itions jo9$ ! fir/1 & !y    

walk$ ab\t among ea* o!r4 ,aft] "s days 
! app>ition ( 8 son /ay$ away2 b its    
place 0 fill$ ) ! figures ( a numb] (   
p]sons1 "s kn[n1 "s unkn[n to           
,nicolai--"s ( dead1 o!rs ( liv+ p]sons4
 ,! kn[n ones repres5t$ di/ant          
acqua9tances only4 ,! figures ( none (  
,nicolai's habitual fri5ds 7 !re4 ,!    
appe>ances 7 almo/ always human2        
occasionally a man on horseback1 &      
birds1 & dogs1 w\ld pres5t !mselves4 ,! 
app>itions came mo/ly aft] d9n]1 at !   
comm5cem5t ( dige/ion2 !y 7 j l real    
p]sons1 ! col\r+ a ?\ght fa9t]4 ,!      
app>itions 7 equally di/9ct :e!r        
,nicolai 0 alone or 9 society1 9 ! d>k z
 by day2 9 8 own h\se or 9 ^? ( o!rs2 b 
9 ! latt] case !y 7 less frequ5t1 & !y v
 seldom made _! appe>ance 9 ! /reets4   
,dur+ ! fir/ eight days !y seem$ to take
 v little notice ( "o ano!r1 b walk$    
ab\t l p at a fair1 only "h & !re       
commun+ ) ea* o!r4 ,!y took no notice ( 
,nicolai1 or ( ! rem>ks he address$     
reg>d+ !m to 8 wife & physician4 ,no    

ef=t ( 8 w\ld dismiss !m1 or br+ an     
abs5t "o back4 ,:5 he %ut 8 eyes1 !y    
sometimes disappe>$1 sometimes rema9$2  
:5 he op5$ 8 eyes1 !y 7 !re z be=e4     
,aft] a week !y became m num]\s1 & began
 to conv]se4 ,!y conv]s$ ) "o ano!r     
fir/1 & !n address$ him4 ,_! rem>ks 7   
%ort & unconnect$1 b s5sible & civil4 ,8
 acqua9tances inquir$ aft] 8 heal?1 &   
express$ sympa?y ) him1 & spoke 9 t]ms  
com=t+ him4 ,! app>itions 7 mo/         
conv]sable :5 he 0 alone2 nev]!less1 !y 
m+l$ 9 ! conv]sation :5 o!rs 7 by1 & _! 
voices _h ! same s\nd z ^? ( real       
p]sons4 ,! illusion w5t on ?us f ! #bd? 
( ,febru>y to ! #bj? ( ,april2 s t      
,nicolai1 :o 0 9 good bodily heal?1 _h  
"t to become tranquilliz$ ab\t ! nature 
( 8 visit]s1 & to obs]ve !m at 8 ease4  
,at la/ !y r amus$ him2 !n ! doctors    
?\ght ( an effici5t plan ( treatm5t4 ,!y
 prescrib$ lee*es2 & !n foll[$ !        
8d5\em5t0 ( ?is int]e/+ repres5tation4  
,! app>itions became pale1 & vani%$4 ,on
 ! #bj? ( ,april1 at ! "t ( apply+ !    

lee*es1 ,nicolai's room 0 full ( figures
 mov+ ab\t among ea* o!r4 ,!y fir/ began
 to h a less lively motion2 %ortly      
aft]w>ds _! col\rs became pal]1 9 ano!r 
half h\r pal] /ill1 ?\gh ! =ms /ill     
rema9$4 ,ab\t sev5 o'clock 9 ! ev5+ !   
figures _h become col\rless1 & !y mov$  
sc>cely at all2 b _! outl9e 0 /ill      
tol]ably p]fect4 ,gradually t became    
less & less def9$2 at la/ !y disappe>$1 
break+ into air1 fragm5ts only rema9+1  
:i* at la/ all vani%$4 ,by eight o'clock
 all 7 gone1 & ,nicolai subsequ5tly saw 
no m ( !m4  ,9 g5]al1 z 9 ,nicolai's    
case1 ! sight is ! s5se at fir/ & alone 
affect$4 ,illusions ( ! he>+1 if !y     
occur1 foll[ lat]4 ,9 "s mo/ extraord9>y
 cases1 ,i h obs]v$ t ! t\* has likewise
 p>ticipat$ 9 ! affection2 ! foll[+ is  
an in/ance3--  ,h]r von ,baczko1 already
 subject to visual halluc9ations ( a    
diseas$ n]v\s sy/em1 8 "r side weak )   
palsy1 8 "r eye bl9d1 & ! vision ( !    
left imp]fect1 0 engag$ "o ev5+ %ortly  
aft] ! battle ( ,j5a1 z he tells 9 8    

autobiography1 9 translat+ a pamphlet   
into ,poli%1 :5 he felt a poke 9 8 lo9s4
 ,he look$ r\nd1 & f\nd t x proce$$ f a 
,negro or ,egyptian boy1 seem+ly ab\t   
twelve ye>s ( age4 ,al?\gh he 0 p]suad$ 
! :ole 0 an illusion1 he ?\ght x be/ to 
knock ! app>ition d[n1 :5 he felt t x   
(f]$ a s5sible resi/ance4 ,! ,negro !n  
attack$ him on ! o!r side1 & gave 8 left
 arm a p>ticul>ly disagreeable twi/1 :5 
,baczko aga9 pu%$ him (f4 ,! ,negro     
cont9u$ to visit him con/antly dur+ f\r 
mon?s1 pres]v+ ! same appe>ance1 &      
rema9+ tangible2 !n he came seldom]2 &1 
f9ally appe>+ z a br[n-col\r$ app>ition 
) an owl's head1 he took 8 leave4       
,s5sorial illusions1 te*nically speak+1 
are n m5tal delusions2 or !y become s   
only :5 !y are believ$ to be realities4 
,s s5sorial illusions are n insanity1   
nei!r d !y m5ace t disord]3 !y are n its
 cu/om>y precursors4 ,nev]!less1 !y may 
accompany ! fir/ outbreak ( madness2 &  
!y occur mu* m frequ5tly 9 lunatics ?an 
9 p]sons ( s\nd m9d4 ,9 insanity !y are 

firmly believ$ 9 by ! pati5t1 ^:        
delusions !y may ei!r sugge/ or be %ap$ 
by4 ,9 insanity1 illusions ( ! he>+ (t5 
occur alone1 :i* is comp>atively r>e 9  
sane p4  ,! objects ( visual illusions  
are commonly m5 & wom52 b animals1 & ev5
 inanimate objects1 sometimes con/itute 
!m4 ,a lady ^: sight 0 fail+ h] _h long 
visions e day ( r[s ( build+s1 h\ses1 & 
p>ks1 & su* l4 ,! subjects ( visual     
illusions are g5]ally p]fectly trivial1 
l ! ev5ts ( a common dream4 ,b1 ?\gh    
susceptible ( *ange1 _! cu/om is to     
recur ) mu* ! same "* daily4 ,"o pati5t 
c\ld at w summon ! app>ition ( an       
acqua9tance to jo9 ! re/2 b1 once !re1  
he c\ld n get rid ( him4  ,sometimes x  
happ5s t s5sorial illusions are 9       
accordance ) a cong5ial tra9 ( ?\ght--= 
in/ance1 ) peculi> impressions ref]r+ to
 religion4 ,!y are !n v liable to be    
con/ru$ by ! pati5t into realities1 & to
 mat]ially influ5ce 8 conv]sation &     
conduct4 ,he rema9s1 no d\bt1 /rictly   
sane 9 ! mid/ ( ^! delusions4 ,b he is  

apt n to be ?\ght s2 or1 to use a       
figure1 ! _w's op9ion ( su* a p]son     
becomes a pol> =ce1 & society is divid$ 
into 8 admir+ foll[]s & ^? :o ?9k him a 
lunatic4 ,su* 01 & rema9s1 ! fate (     
,s*w$5borg4  ,s*w$5borg1 ! son ( a      
,sw$i% cl]gyman ( ! "n ( ,s*w$b]g1      
ennobl$ z ,s*w$5borg1 0 up to ! ye>     
#agdc1 :i* 0 ! fifty-f\r? ( 8 age1 an   
ord9>y man ( ! _w1 di/+ui%$ only 9      
lit]ature1 hav+ writt5 _m volumes on    
philosophy & sci5ce1 & be+ pr(essor 9 ! 
,m9]alogical ,s*ool1 :]e he 0 mu*       
respect$4 ,on a sudd51 9 ! ye> #agdc1 he
 believ$ himself to h got into a comm]ce
 ) ! _w ( spirits1 :i* s fully took     
possession ( 8 ?\ghts1 t he n only      
publi%$ _! revelations1 b 0 9 ! habit ( 
detail+ _! daily *at ) him4 ,?us he     
says1 8,i _h a conv]sation ! o!r day on 
t v po9t ) ! apo/le ,paul10 or ) ,lu!r1 
or "s o!r dead p]son4 ,s*w$5borg cont9u$
 9 :at he believ$ to be con/ant         
communion ) spirits till 8 dea?1 9      
#aggb4 ,he 01 )\t d\bt1 9 ! fulle/      

degree conv9c$ ( ! reality ( 8 spiritual
 comm]ce4 ,s 9 a lett] to ! ,wurtemburg 
,prelate1 ,oet+]1 dat$ ,novemb] #aa1    
#agff1 he uses ! foll[+ words3 8,if ,i h
 spok5 ) ! apo/les8 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 ,i
 conv]s$ ) ,/4 ,paul dur+ a :ole ye>1   
p>ticul>ly ) ref]5ce to ! text1 ,romans 
iii4 #bh4 ,i h ?ree times conv]s$ ) ,/4 
,john1 once ) ,moses1 & a hundr$ times )
 ,lu!r1 :o all[$ t x 0 aga9/ ! w>n+ ( an
 angel t he pr(ess$ fidem solam1 & t he 
/ood alone ^u ! sep>ation f ! ,pope4 ,) 
angels1 f9ally1 h ,i ^! tw5ty ye>s      
conv]s$1 & conv]se daily40  ,( ! angels1
 he says1 8,!y h human =ms1 ! appe>ance 
( m51 z ,i h a ?\s& times se52 = ,i h   
spok5 ) !m z a man ) o!r m5--(t5 )      
sev]al toge!r--& ,i h se5 no?+ 9 ! lea/ 
to di/+ui% !m f o!r m540 ,!y _h1 9 fact1
 exactly ! same appe>ance z ,nicolai's  
visit]s4 8,le/ any "o %\ld call ?is an  
illusion1 or imag9>y p]ception1 x is to 
be und]/ood t ,i am accu/om$ to see !m  
:5 myself p]fectly wide awake1 & 9 full 
ex]cise ( my obs]vation4 ,! spee* ( an  

angel1 or ( a _s1 s\nds l & z l\d z t ( 
a man2 b x is n he>d by ! by/&]s4 ,!    
reason is1 t ! spee* ( an angel1 or a   
_s1 f9ds entrance fir/ into a man's     
?\ghts1 & rea*es 8 organs ( he>+ f )940 
,a wond]ful in/ance ?is la/ reason h[ x 
is possible cum ratione insanire2 he    
analyzes ! illusion p]fectly1 ev5 :5 he 
is mo/ deceiv$ by x4  8,! angels :o     
conv]se ) m5 speak n 9 _! own language1 
b 9 ! language ( ! c\ntry2 & likewise 9 
o!r languages :i* are kn[n to a man1 n 9
 languages :i* he does n und]/&40       
,s*w$5borg "h int]rupt$ ! angels1 &1 to 
expla9 ! matt]1 obs]v$ t !y mo/ likely  
appe>$ to speak 8 "m tongue1 because1 9 
fact1 x 0 n !y :o spoke1 b himself aft] 
_! sugge/ions4 ,! angels w\ld n all[    
?is1 & w5t away at ! close ( !          
conv]sation unp]suad$4  ,! foll[+       
fiction is v f9e3 8,:5 approa*+1 !      
angels (t5 appe> l a ball ( light2 & !y 
travel 9 companies s gr\p$ toge!r--!y   
are all[$ s to unite by ! ,"l--t !y may 
act z "o be+1 & %>e ea* o!r's ideas & k2

 & 9 ?is =m !y b\nd ?r\gh ! univ]se1 f  
planet to planet40  ,a /ill m int]e/+   
example ( ! influ5ce ( s5sorial         
illusions on human conduct is furni%$ by
 ! t\*+ hi/ory ( ,joan ( ,arc4  8,x is  
n[ sev5 ye>s ago10 s spoke be=e h]      
judges ! simple b high-m9d$ maid5--8x 0 
a summ] day1 t[>ds ! middle h\r1 ,i 0   
ab\t ?irte5 ye>s old1 & 0 9 my fa!r's   
g>d51 t ,i he>d = ! fir/ "t1 on my "r   
h&1 t[>ds ! *ur*1 a voice1 & !re /ood a 
figure 9 a bright radiance be=e my eyes4
 ,x _h ! appe>ance & look ( a "r good & 
virtu\s man1 bore w+s1 0 surr\nd$ )     
light on all sides1 & by ! angels (     
heav54 ,x 0 ! ar*angel ,mi*ael4 ,! voice
 seem$ to me to comm& respect2 b ,i 0   
yet a *ild1 & 0 fright5$ at ! figure1 & 
d\bt$ v mu* :e!r x 7 ! ar*angel4 ,i saw 
him & ! angels z di/9ctly be=e my eyes z
 ,i n[ see y1 my judges40 ,) words (    
enc\ragem5t ! ar*angel ann\nc$ to h] t  
,god _h tak5 pity ^u ,france1 & t %e mu/
 ha/5 to ! assi/ance ( ! ,k+4 ,at ! same
 "t he promis$ h] t ,/4 ,ca?>9e & ,/4   

,m>g>et w\ld %ortly visit h]3 he told h]
 t %e %\ld d :at !y comm&$ h]1 because  
!y 7 s5t by ,god to guide & conduct h]4 
8,^u ?is10 cont9u$ ,joan1 8,/4 ,ca?>9e &
 ,/4 ,m>g>et appe>$ to me1 z ! ar*angel 
_h =etold4 ,!y ord]$ me to get ready to 
g to ,rob]t de ,beaudric\rt1 ! ,k+'s    
capta94 ,he w\ld sev]al times refuse me1
 b at la/ w\ld cons5t1 & give me p :o   
w\ld conduct me to ! ,k+4 ,!n %\ld ,i   
raise ! siege ( ,orleans4 ,i repli$ to  
!m t ,i 0 a poor *ild1 :o und]/ood no?+ 
ab\t rid+ on horseback & mak+ w>4 ,!y   
said ,i %\ld c>ry my bann] ) c\rage2    
,god w\ld help me1 & w9 back = my k+ 8  
entire k+dom4 ,z soon z ,i knew10       
cont9u$ ,joan1 8t ,i 0 to proce$ on ?is 
err&1 ,i avoid$ z mu* z ,i c\ld tak+ "p 
9 ! sports & amusem5ts ( my "y          
companions40 8,s h ! sa9ts conduct$ me  
dur+ sev5 ye>s1 & h giv5 me support &   
assi/ance 9 all my ne$ & lab\rs2 & n[ at
 pres5t10 said %e to h] judges1 8no day 
goes by b !y come to see me40 8,i seldom
 see ! sa9ts t !y are n surr\nd$ ) a    

halo ( light2 !y we> ri* & preci\s      
cr[ns1 z x is reasonable !y %\ld4 ,i see
 !m always "u ! same =ms1 & h nev] f\nd 
9 _! disc\rse any discrepancies4 ,i "k  
h[ to di/+ui% "o f ! o!r1 & di/+ui% !m z
 well by ! s\nd ( _! voices z by _!     
salutation4 ,!y come (t5 )\t my call+ ^u
 !m4 ,b :5 !y d n come1 ,i pray to ! ,"l
 t he w s5d !m to me2 & nev] h ,i ne$$  
!m b !y h visit$ me40  ,su* is "p ( !   
def5ce ( ! h]oic ,joan ( ,arc1 :o 0 tak5
 prison] by ! ,duke ( ,burgundy on !    
#bc;d ( ,may1 #adcj--sold by him = a    
l>ge sum to ! ,engli%1 & by !m put on h]
 trial z a h]etic1 idolatress1 &        
magician--condemn$1 & f9ally burn$ alive
 on ! #cj? ( ,may1 #adca6  ,h] innoc5ce1
 simplicity1 & c\rage inc5se "o sadly   
aga9/ h] judges2 b x is likely !re 7 at 
t "t _m good & s5sible p]sons :o approv$
 ( h] s5t5ce1 & nev] suspect$ its       
cruelty & inju/ice4 ,mak+ all[ance = !  
ignorance & b>b>ity ( ! age1 h] treatm5t
 01 p]haps1 n worse ?an t (             
,abd-el-,kad] n[4 ,h] visions--!y 7     

palpably ! productions ( h] own fancy1 !
 figures ( sa9ts & angels1 :i* %e _h se5
 9 missals1 project$ be=e h] m5tal      
sight2 & _! cause ! in/9ctive work+s1   
unkn[n to h]self1 ( h] "y high-c\rag$ & 
en?usia/ic he>t1 %ap+ its sugge/ions    
into holy prophesy+s--! lead+ facts (   
:i* h] resolute w realiz$1 :ile _!      
actual discrepancies ) subsequ5t ev5ts  
%e p>donably =got4#a  ,footnote #a3 ,i  
_c d5y t ano!r pr9ciple1 aft]w>ds to be 
expla9$1 may h be5 additionally 9       
op]ation 9 ?is int]e/+ case4  ,i w      
pres5t yet ano!r & less pleas+ picture1 
:]e ! subject ( s5sorial illusions 0 (  
infirm m9d1 & !y /ruck ^u ! insane *ord1
 & reason jangl$ h>%ly out ( tune4 ,x   
w\ld be a curi\s "q :e!r su* a s5sorial 
illusion z ov]?rew ! "y se]'s judgm5t 9 
! foll[+ case1 c\ld h occurr$ to a m9d  
previ\sly sane2 :e!r1 = in/ance1 x c\ld 
h occurr$ to ,s*w$5borg1 &1 9 t ev5t1 h[
 he w\ld h dealt ) x4  ,arnold 7a ,g]man
 writ]7 relates1 9 8 hi/ory ( ! *ur* & (
 h]esy1 h[ !re 0 a "y man 9 ,knigsb]g1  

well educat$1 ! natural son ( a prie/1  
:o _h ! impression t he 0 met ne> a     
crucifix on ! wayside by sev5 angels1 :o
 reveal$ to him t he 0 to repres5t ,god 
! ,fa!r on e>?1 to drive all evil out ( 
! _w1 c4 ,! poor fell[1 aft] pond]+ ^u  
?is illusion a long "t1 issu$ a circul>1
 beg9n+ ?us3  8,we ,john1 ,albre*t1     
,adelgreif1 ,syrdos1 ,amata1 ,kanemata1 
,kilkis1 ,mataldis1 ,s*malkilimundis1   
,sabr&is1 ,elioris1 ,hyp]>*-,high-prie/ 
& ,emp]or1 ,pr9ce ( ,peace ( ! :ole _w1 
,hyp]>*-,k+ ( ! holy k+dom ( ,heav51    
,judge ( ! liv+ & ( ! dead1 ,god &      
,fa!r1 9 ^: div9ity ,*ri/ w come on !   
la/ day to judge ! _w1 ,"l ( all lords1 
,k+ ( all k+s10 c4  ,he 0 !reupon ?r[n  
into prison at ,knigsb]g1 :]e e means 7 
us$ by ! cl]gy to reclaim him f ^!      
blasphem\s & h]etical notions4 ,to all  
_! entreaties1 h[ev]1 he li/5$ only ) a 
smile ( pity--8t !y %\ld ?9k ( reclaim+ 
,god ! ,fa!r40 ,he 0 !n put to !        
torture1 & z :at he endur$ made no      
alt]ation 9 8 convictions1 he 0 condemn$

 to h 8 tongue torn out ) r$-hot tongs1 
to be cut 9 f\r qu>t]s1 & !n burn$ "u ! 
gall[s4 ,he wept bitt]ly1 n at 8 own    
fate1 b t !y %\ld pron\nce su* a s5t5ce 
on ! ,deity4 ,! execution] 0 t\*$ )     
pity1 & implor$ him to make a f9al      
recantation4 ,b he p]si/$ t he 0 ,god ! 
,fa!r1 :e!r !y pull$ 8 tongue out by !  
roots or n2 & s he 0 execut$6  ,f !     
prec$+ =cible illu/rations ( ! work+ (  
s5sorial illusions on individual m9ds1 x
 is to desc5d a little 9 int]e/ to trace
 _! m9i/ry 9 giv+ rise to ! rickety =ms 
( popul> sup]/ition4 ,h[ev]1 ! mat]ial  
may be ! same1 :e!r x be ca/ = !        
commemoration ( a /rik+ ev5t or co9$ =  
vulg> curr5cy4 ,& "h is a piece ( !     
latt] description1 ) ! recomm5dation (  
be+ at lea/ fre% f ! m9t1 & spic-&-span 
new--an in/ance ( sup]/ition surviv+ 9  
,engl& 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4   
,a "y g5tleman1 :o has rec5tly left     
,ox=d1 told me t he 0 "o ev5+ at a      
supp]-p>ty 9 college1 :5 !y 7 jo9$ by a 
common fri5d on 8 return f hunt+4 ,!y   

expect$ him1 b 7 /ruck ) 8 appe>ance4   
,he 0 pale & agitat$4 ,on que/ion+ him1 
!y le>n$ ! cause4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( 8  
ride home1 he _h be5 accompani$ by a    
horseman1 :o kept exact pace ) him1 !   
rid] & horse be+ close facsimiles (     
himself & ! /e$ he rode1 ev5 to ! copy (
 a new fangl$ bit :i* he sport$ t day = 
! fir/ "t4 ,he _h1 9 fact1 se5 8 8d\ble0
 or 8,fet*10 & x _h %ak5 8 n]ves pretty 
consid]ably4 ,8 fri5ds advis$ him to    
consult ! college-tutor1 :o fail$ n to  
give him "s good advice1 & hop$ ! w>n+  
w\ld n be ?r[n away4 ,my in=mant1 :o    
?\ght ! :ole matt] v s]i\s1 & 0 incl9$  
to believe ! une>?ly visit to h be5 no  
idle "o1 add$ t x _h made ! gho/-se]1 = 
! "t at lea/1 a wis] & bett] man4  ,su* 
a vision>y duplicate ( "o's-self--"o's  
fet*--is a n unfrequ5t =m ( s5sorial    
illusion4 ,9 m ignorant days ! appe>ance
 ( a fet* excit$ mu* appreh5sion4 ,x 0  
suppos$ to m5ace dea? or s]i\s calamity 
to its orig9al4 ,prop]ly view$1 unless x
 proce$ f h>d "w & ov]/ra9$ ?\ght1 7f   

:i* y c desi/17 x indicates some?+ wrong
 9 y\r physical heal?1 & its w>n+ goes  
no fur!r ?an to consult a doctor1 to    
le>n1 8:at rhub>b1 s5na1 or :at         
purgative drug w drive ! spectre h5ce40 
,! effici5cy ( su* means 0 %[n 9 ! case 
( ,nicolai4 ,yet 9 ?is case1 ,i may     
rem>k1 ! orig9at+ cause ( ! attack _h   
be5 anxiety ab\t ! v son ^: app>ition 0 
! fir/ ( ! ?rong to visit him4 ,_h !    
illusion cont9u$ limit$ to ! figure ( ! 
son1 x w\ld h be5 m que/ionable :at art 
c\ld d t[>ds dismiss+ x4 ,at all ev5ts1 
9 su* a case1 ! fir/ ?+ is to remove !  
p]il\s /uff t weighs ^u ! m9d4 ,s !     
p]sonage ^: words ,i h be5 us+ 0        
d\btless "r1 9 8 own case1 to 8?r[      
physic to ! dogs40  ,9 ! trag$y (       
,macbe?1 s5sorial illusions are made to 
play _! "p ) curi\s physiological       
correctness4 ,! m9d ( ,macbe? is worn by
 ! conflict betwe5 ambition & duty4 ,at 
la/ 8 bett] resolves give way2 & 8      
excit$ fancy projects be=e him ! fet* ( 
8 own dagg]1 :i* m>%als him ! way t he  

%all g4 ,! spectator is ?us arti/ically 
prep>$ = ! fur!r work+ ( ! same         
infirmity 9 ! app>ition ( ,banquo1 :i*1 
unse5 by 8 gue/s1 is visible only to !  
consci5ce-/rick5 murd]]4 ,) a sci5tific 
precision no less admirable1 ! p>tn] ( 8
 guilt--a woman--is made to h attacks ( 
trance1 7to :i* wom5 are m liable ?an   
m517 caus$ by h] di/urb$ m9d2 & 9 h]    
trance ! exact physiological "* ( "o =m 
( t disord] is portray$--%e enacts a    
dream1 :i* is ! ess5ce ( somnambulism4  
,"o almo/ d\bts :e!r ,%akspe>e 0 aw>e ( 
! philosophic tru? display$ 9 ^!        
ma/]-/rokes ( 8 own art4 ,! app>itions  
conjur$ up 9 ! wit* sc5es ( ! same play1
 & ! gho/ 9 ,hamlet1 are m\ld$ on !     
patt]n ( vulg> sup]/ition4 ,he employs  
indiff]5tly ! bas] metal & ! tru?ful    
inspirations ( 8 own g5ius--realiz+     
,%elley's /range figure (               
8a poet hidd5     ,9 ! light ( ?\ght40  
,s !y say ! sun is himself d>k z a      
planet1 & 8 atmosph]e alone ! s\rce (   
light1 ?r\gh ! gaps 9 :i* 8 common e>?  

is se54 ,i am tempt$--b x w\ld be idle1 
& ,i refra9--to quote an expression or  
two1 or a passage1 f ,%akspe>e1         
exemplify+ 8 wond]ful turn = approximat+
 to tru?s ( :i* he mu/ h be5            
ignorant--:]e l9es ( admir$ &           
unacc\ntable beauty h unexpect$ly       
acquir$ lucidity & apposit5ess ?r\gh    
mod]n sci5ce4 ,:ile1 to make a qua9t    
comp>ison1 8 great contempor>y1 ,bacon1 
employ$ ! lamp ( 8 imag9ation to        
illum9ate ! pa?s to ! discov]y ( tru?1  
,%akspe>e w\ld1 ) r&om intuition1 seize 
on ! undiscov]$ tru?s !mselves1 & use !m
 to vivify ! conceptions ( 8 fancy4     
,let me n[ turn to expla9 a gho/ ( a m  
positive description--! *ur*y>d gho/4 ,!
 gho/ w p]haps exclaim aga9/ s trivial a
 title1 & "o s unju/ 9 ref]5ce to old   
sup]/ition2 b x w be se5 he des]ves no  
bett]4 ,9 popul> /ory he _h a high]     
(fice2 8 duty 0 to wat* ! body ov] :i*  
*ur* rites _h n be5 p]=m$1 t _h be5     
rudely ine>!d aft] viol5t dea?4 ,z ?us--
  ,!re 0 a cottage 9 a village ,i c\ld  

"n to :i* a bad report atta*$4 ,m ?an "o
 :o _h slept 9 x _h se51 at midnight1 ! 
radiant app>ition ( a little *ild /&+ on
 ! he>?-/one4 ,at l5g? suspicion 0      
awak5$4 ,! he>?-/one 0 rais$1 & !re 7   
f\nd buri$ b5ea? x ! rema9s ( an infant4
 ,a /ory 0 n[ divulg$ h[ ! la/ t5ant & a
 female ( ! village _h abruptly quitt$ !
 neighb\rhood4 ,! gho/ 0 real &         
significant en\gh4  ,b "h is a /ill     
bett] in/ance f a tru/wor?y ,g]man "w1  
,p4 ,kieff]'s ,ar*ives4 ,! n>rative 0   
communicat$ by ,h]r ,ehrman ( ,/rasburg1
 son-9-law ( ! well-kn[n writ] ,pfeffel1
 f :om he receiv$ x4  ,! gho/-se] 0 a "y
 c&idate = ord]s1 eighte5 ye>s ( age1 ( 
! "n ( ,bill+4 ,he 0 kn[n to h v        
excitable n]ves1 _h already exp]i5c$    
s5sorial illusions1 & 0 p>ticul>ly      
s5sitive to ! pres5ce ( human rema9s1   
:i* made him tremble & %udd] 9 all 8    
limbs4 ,pfeffel1 be+ bl9d1 0 accu/om$ to
 take ! arm ( ?is "y man1 & !y walk$ ?us
 toge!r 9 ,pfeffel's g>d51 ne> ,colm>4  
,at "o spot 9 ! g>d51 ,pfeffel rem>k$ t 

8 companion's arm gave a sudd5 />t1 z if
 he _h receiv$ an electric %ock4 ,be+   
ask$ :at 0 ! matt]1 ,bill+ repli$1      
8,no?+40 ,b on _! go+ ov] ! same spot   
aga91 ! same effect recurr$4 ,! "y man  
be+ press$ to expla9 ! cause ( 8        
di/urbance1 av[$ t x arose f a peculi>  
s5sation :i* he always exp]i5c$ :5 9 !  
vic9ity ( human rema9s2 t x 0 8         
impression a human body mu/ be int]r$   
!re2 b t1 if ,pfeffel w\ld return ) him 
at night1 he %\ld be able to speak )    
great] confid5ce4 ,accord+ly !y w5t     
toge!r to ! g>d5 :5 x 0 d>k1 & z !y     
approa*$ ! spot1 ,bill+ obs]v$ a fa9t   
light ov] x4 ,at t5 paces f x he /opp$1 
& w\ld g no f>!r1 = he saw hov]+ ov] x1 
or self-support$ 9 ! air--its feet only 
a few in*es f ! gr\nd--a lum9\s female  
figure1 ne>ly five feet high1 ) ! "r arm
 fold$ on h] brea/1 ! left hang+ by h]  
side4 ,:5 ,pfeffel himself /epp$ =w>d & 
plac$ himself ab\t :]e ! figure appe>$  
to be1 ,bill+ said x 0 n[ on 8 "r h&1 n[
 on 8 left1 n[ beh9d1 n[ be=e him4 ,:5  

,pfeffel cut ! air ) 8 /ick1 x seem$ z  
if x w5t ?r\gh & divid$ a light flame1  
:i* !n unit$ aga94 ,! visit1 repeat$ !  
next night1 9 company ) "s ( ,pfeffel's 
relatives1 gave ! same result4 ,!y did n
 see any ?+4 ,pfeffel !n1 unkn[n to !   
gho/-se]1 _h ! gr\nd dug up1 :5 !re 0   
f\nd at "s dep?1 b5ea? a lay] (         
quicklime1 a human body 9 progress (    
decomposition4 ,! rema9s 7 remov$1 & !  
e>? c>efully replac$4 ,?ree days        
aft]w>ds1 ,bill+1 f :om ?is :ole proce$+
 _h be5 kept conceal$1 0 aga9 l$ to !   
spot by ,pfeffel4 ,he walk$ ov] x n[ )\t
 exp]i5c+ any unusual impression :atev]4
  ,! explanation ( ?is my/]i\s ph5om5on 
has be5 b rec5tly arriv$ at4 ,!         
discov]ies ( ,von ,rei*5ba*1 ( :i* ,i   
gave a sket* 9 ! fir/ lett]1 ann\nce !  
pr9ciple on :i* x dep5ds4 ,among ^!     
discov]ies is ! fact t ! ,od =ce makes  
itself visible z a dim light or wav+    
flame to highly s5sitive subjects4 ,su* 
p]sons1 9 ! d>k1 see flames issu+ f !   
poles ( magnets & cry/als4 ,von         

,rei*5ba* ev5tually discov]$ t ! ,od =ce
 is di/ribut$ univ]sally1 al?\gh 9 v>y+ 
quantities4 ,b among ! causes :i* excite
 its evolution1 "o ( ! mo/ active is    
*emical decomposition4 ,!n1 happ5+ to   
rememb] ,pfeffel's gho/ /ory1 x occurr$ 
to ,von ,rei*5ba* t :at ,bill+ _h se5 0 
possibly ,od light4 ,to te/ ! s\ndness (
 ?is conjecture1 ,miss ,rei*el1 a v     
s5sitive subject1 0 tak5 at night to an 
ext5sive bury+-gr\nd ne> ,vi5na1 :]e    
int]m5ts take place daily1 & !re are _m 
?\s& graves4 ,! result did n disappo9t  
,von ,rei*5ba*'s expectations4          
,:i!rsoev] ,miss ,rei*el turn$ h] eyes1 
%e saw masses ( flame4 ,?is appe>ance   
manife/$ itself mo/ ab\t rec5t graves4  
,ab\t v old ones x 0 n visible4 ,%e     
describ$ ! appe>ance z resembl+ less    
bright flame ?an fi]y vap\r1 some?+     
betwe5 fog & flame4 ,9 sev]al in/ances !
 light ext5d$ f\r feet 9 height above ! 
gr\nd4 ,:5 ,miss ,rei*el plac$ h] h& on 
x1 x seem$ to h] involv$ 9 a cl\d (     
fire4 ,:5 %e /ood 9 x1 x came up to h]  

?roat4 ,%e express$ no al>m1 be+        
accu/om$ to ! appe>ance4  ,! my/]y has  
?us be5 entirely solv$2 = x is evid5t t 
! spectral "* ( ! lum9\s app>ition1 9 ! 
two in/ances :i* ,i h n>rat$1 _h be5    
suppli$ by ! se]s !mselves4 ,s !        
sup]/ition has vani%$2 b1 z usual1 x    
veil$ a tru?4     ,,lett] ,,iv4   ,,true
 ,,gho/s4--,! app>itions !mselves always
 s5sorial  illusions--,! tru? ( _!      
communications acc\nt$ =--,zs*okke's    
,se]-gift describ$1 to %[ ! possibility 
( direct m5tal                          
communication--,second-sight--,! true   
relation ( ! m9d to ! liv+  body4   ,!  
wor/ ( a true gho/ is1 t1 to be sure ( 8
 g5u95ess--t is1 ( 8 v]acity--"o mu/    
wait ! ev5t4 ,he is di/+ui%$ by no      
s5sible & positive *>act]i/ics f !      
common] h]d4 ,!re is no?+ 9 8 outw>d    
appe>ance to raise him 9 y\r op9ion     
above a fet*4 ,b ev5 ?is fact is n b>r54
 ,8 dress1--x is 9 ! ord9>y mode ( ! "t1
 9 no?+ ov]done4 ,to be dress$ ?us does 
cr$it to 8 ta/e1 z to be dress$ at all  

ev9ces 8 s5se ( propriety2 b alas6 !    
same elem5ts convict him ( objective    
unreality4 ,:5ce come t a]ial coat &    
wai/coat1 :5ce ^? vision>y              
tr\s]s8--alas6 !y c only h issu$ f !    
w>drobe 9 ! se]'s fancy4 ,&1 l 8 dress1 
! we>] is imag9>y1 a m]e s5sorial       
illusion1 )\t a %ad[ ( ext]nality2 he is
 n m sub/antial ?an a dream4  ,b dreams 
h diff]5ces ( quality no less ?an gho/s4
 ,all d n come ?r\gh ! ivory gate4 ,"s  
are true & significant en\gh4 ,see1 !re 
glides "o skulk+ assass9-l into !       
%ade1--he n long s9ce kill$ 8 man2      
8,hilloa1 ill-fav\r$ ,dream6 come hi!r &
 give an acc\nt ( y\rself40 7,ent]      
,dream47  ,a ,scotti% g5tleman & 8 wife 
7 travell+ f\r or five ye>s ago 9       
,switz]l&4 ,!re travell$ ) !m a ?ird    
p>ty1 an intimate fri5d1 a lady1 :o "s  
"t be=e _h be5 ! object ( a deep        
atta*m5t on ! "p ( a =eign]1 a ,fr5*man4
 ,well1 %e w\ld h no?+ to say to him on 
! topic upp]mo/ 9 8 m9d1 b %e gave him a
 good deal ( s]i\s advice1 :i* %e       

probably ?\ght he want$2 & %e ultimately
 promot$1 or 0 a cognizant p>ty to1 8   
union ) a lady :om %e likewise knew4 ,! 
s-m>ri$ c\ple 7 n[ 9 ,am]ica2 & ! lady  
occasionally he>d f !m1 & _h e reason to
 believe !y 7 bo? 9 p]fect heal?4 ,"o   
morn+1 on _! meet+ at breakfa/1 %e told 
h] companions t %e _h _h a v impressive 
dream ! night be=e1 :i* _h recurr$      
twice4 ,! sc5e 0 a room 9 :i* lay a     
c(f92 ne> to x /ood h] ex-lov] 9 a      
lum9\s transfigur$ respl5d5t /ate2 8    
wife 0 by1 look+ mu* z usual4 ,! dream  
_h caus$ ! lady "s misgiv+s1 b h]       
companions exhort$ h] to view x z a     
trick ( h] fancy1 & %e 0 half p]suad$ s 
to d4 ,! dream1 h[ev]1 0 "r1 not)/&+4 ,9
 process ( "t1 lett]s arriv$ ann\nc+ !  
dea?1 aft] a %ort illness1 ( ! ,fr5*    
g5tleman1 )9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 :i* !   
vision appe>$4 7,s5sation--applause1    
foll[$ by cries ( ,%ame2 ! ,dream1      
hurry+ away1 is hurt by ! horn ( !      
gate47  ,x w\ld be difficult to p]suade 
! lady :o dream$ ?is dream t !re 0 no   

connexion betwe5 x & ! ev5t x =e%ad[$ 9 
h] m9d beyond ! accid5tal co9cid5ce (   
"t4 ,nev]!less1 to ?is conclusion an    
indiff]5t auditor w\ld probably come2 & 
^u ! foll[+ reason+3 ,we sometimes dream
 ( ! dea? ( an abs5t fri5d :5 he is     
alive & 9 heal?1 j z we sometimes dream 
t long-lo/ fri5ds are alive4 ,& x is q  
possible--nay1 likely to occur 9 ! *apt]
 ( accid5ts--nay1 c]ta9 to turn up n[ & 
!n among ! dreams ( millions dur+       
c5turies--t a =tuit\s dream1 seem+ly    
ref]r+ to ! fact1 %\ld be co9cid5t 9    
po9t ( "t ) ! dea? ( a di/ant fri5d4 ,to
 expla9 "o su* case1 we ne$ look no     
fur!r ?an to ! op]ation ( *ance4 ,:y1   
!n1 ev] seek ano!r pr9ciple8  ,let u    
exam9e a p>allel gho/-/ory4 ,a g5tleman 
has a relative 9 ,india1 heal?y1 ( good 
con/itution1 9 ! civil s]vice1 prosp]\s3
 he has no cause = anxiety1 & ent]ta9s  
none1 respect+ 8 relative4 ,b "o day he 
sees 8 gho/4 ,9 due c\rse lett]s arrive 
m5tion+ ! occurr5ce ( 8 relative's dea? 
on t day4 ,! case is m rem>kable ?an !  

la/2 = ! gho/-se] nev] 9 8 life b t once
 exp]i5c$ a s5sorial illusion4 ,/ill1 x 
is evid5tly possible t ! two ev5ts 71   
?r\gh *ance alone1 co9cid5t 9 "t4 ,& if 
9 ?is case1 :y n 9 ano!r8  ,!n let me   
adduce a m rem>kable in/ance3 ,a late   
,g5]al ,wyny>d1 & ! late ,g5]al ,sir    
,john ,%]broke1 :5 "y m51 7 s]v+ 9      
,canada4 ,"o day--x 0 daylight--,mr4    
,wyny>d & ,mr4 ,%]broke bo? saw pass    
?r\gh ! room :]e !y sat a figure1 :i*   
,mr4 ,wyny>d recognis$ z a bro!r !n f>  
away4 ,"o ( ! two walk$ to ! door1 &    
look$ out ^u ! l&+-place1 b ! /rang] 0 n
 !re2 & a s]vant :o 0 on ! /airs _h se5 
nobody pass out4 ,9 "t news arriv$ t    
,mr4 ,wyny>d's bro!r _h di$ ab\t ! "t ( 
! visit ( ! app>ition4  ,i h _h         
opportunities ( inquir+ ( two ne>       
relations ( ?is ,g5]al ,wyny>d ^u :at   
evid5ce ! above /ory re/s4 ,!y told me  
!y _h ea* he>d x f 8 own m\?4 ,m        
rec5tly1 a g5tleman1 ^: accuracy (      
recollection exce$s t ( mo/ p1 has told 
me t he _h he>d ! late ,sir ,john       

,%]broke1 ! o!r p>ty 9 ! gho/-/ory1 tell
 x mu* 9 ! same way at a d9n]-table4    
,"o does n feel z com=tably satisfi$ t !
 complicat$ co9cid5ces 9 ?is tale admit 
( be+ ref]r$ to *ance4 ,! odds are      
enorm\s aga9/ two p]sons--"y m5 9 p]fect
 heal?1 nei!r ( :om be=e or aft] ?is    
ev5t exp]i5c$ a s5sorial illusion--be+ !
 subjects at ! same mom5t ( "o1 _!      
common & only "o1 :i* concurr$ 9 po9t ( 
"t ) an ev5t t x =e%ad[$1 unless !re 7  
"s real connexion betwe5 ! ev5t & !     
d\ble app>ition4 ,& we feel a nasc5t    
incl9ation to inquire :e!r--9 case su*  
in/ances z ! pres5t occasionally recur1 
& in/ances l ! two be=e n>rat$ become1  
:5 look$ =1 />tl+ly multipli$--!re exi/s
 any kn[n m5tal or physical pr9ciple1 by
 ! help ( :i* !y may be expla9$ into    
natural ph5om5a4  ,! m we look aft]     
facts ( ! above nature1 ! m urg5t       
becomes ! want ( su* a means (          
explanation4 ,9 e family circle1 9 e    
p>ty ( m5 accid5tally br\ght toge!r1 y w
 be sure to he>1 if ! conv]sation fall  

on gho/s & dreams1 "o or m in/ances--:i*
 ! n>rators repres5t z well             
au!nticat$--( intimations ( ! dea?s (   
abs5t p]sons convey$ to fri5ds ei!r     
?r\gh an app>ition or a dream1 or an    
equival5t unacc\ntable pres5tim5t4 ,a   
g5tleman--himself ( di/+ui%$            
ability--told me t :5 he 0 an           
und]graduate at ,cambridge1 he 0        
secret>y to a gho/ society =m$ 9        
sportive e>ne/ by "s ( ! clev]e/ "y m5 (
 "o ( ! be/ mod]n p]iods ( ! univ]sity4 
,"o ( ! results ( _! lab\rs 0 !         
collection ( ab\t a doz5 /ories ( !     
above description re/+ ^u good evid5ce4 
,!n !re transpire occasionally cases ) m
 curi\s features /ill4 ,n only is !     
g5]al intimation ( an ev5t giv51 b m9ute
 p>ticul>s att5d+ x are figur$ 9 !      
dream1 or communicat$ by ! gho/4 ,su*   
tales h sometimes be5 au!nticat$ 9 c\rts
 ( ju/ice4 ,"h is "o out ( la/ week's   
newspap]3--  8,9 a ,durham pap] ( la/   
week1 !re 0 an acc\nt ( ! disappe>ance (
 ,mr4 ,smi?1 g>d5] to ,sir ,clif=d      

,con/able1 :o1 x 0 suppos$1 _h fall5    
into ! riv] ,tees1 8 hat & /ick hav+ be5
 f\nd ne> ! wat]-side4 ,f t "t up to    
,friday la/ ! riv] _h be5 dragg$ e day2 
b e ef=t s made to f9d ! body prov$     
ineffectual4 ,on ! night ( ,?ursday1    
h[ev]1 a p]son nam$ ,awde1 resid+ at    
little ,new%am1 a small village ab\t f\r
 miles f ,wycliff1 dreamt t ,smi? 0 laid
 "u ! l$ge ( a c]ta9 rock1 ab\t ?ree    
hundr$ y>ds bel[ ,:orlton ,bridge1 & t 8
 "r arm 0 brok54 ,awde got up e>ly on   
,friday1 & 8 dream _h su* an effect ^u  
him t he det]m9$ to g & se>* ! riv]4 ,he
 accord+ly />t$ (f = t purpose1 )\t     
m5tion+ ! matt]1 be+ afraid t he w\ld be
 laugh$ at by 8 neighb\rs4 ,nev]!less1  
on 8 arriv+ at ! boat-h\se1 he disclos$ 
8 object on ! man ask+ him = :at purpose
 he requir$ ! boat4 ,he r[$ to ! spot he
 _h se5 9 8 dream2 & !re1 /range to say1
 ^u ! v fir/ trial t he made ) 8        
boat-hook1 he pull$ up ! body ( !       
un=tunate man1 ) 8 "r arm actually      
brok540--7,h]ald1 ,decemb]1 #ahdh47     

,review+ all t ,i h advanc$1 x appe>s to
 me t !re are two desid]ata :i* press+ly
 require to be n[ suppli$4 ,fir/1 "s "o 
%\ld take ! pa9s ( au!nticat+ at ! "t1 &
 putt+ on p]man5t record1 /ories l !    
above1 to be at ! s]vice ( future       
speculators4 ,b1 secondly1 s num]\s &   
well atte/$ are ^? already curr5t1 t !  
br++ =w>d into light ( "s pr9ciple by   
:i* !y may be %[n to be natural ev5ts is
 n[ p]emptorily call$ =4  ,to lead to ! 
supply ( ! second desid]atum1 ,i proce$ 
to m5tion a physical ph5om5on1 :i* f "t 
to "t occurr$ to ! late hi/orian &      
noveli/1 ,he9ri* ,zs*okke4 ,x is        
describ$ by him 9 a sort (              
autobiography1 entitl$ ,selb/s*au1 :i*  
he publi%$ a few ye>s ago4 ,x 0 only la/
 ye> t ,zs*okke di$1 hav+ atta9$ a good 
old age4 ,e>ly br\ght into public life 9
 ! tr\bles ( ,switz]l&1 & aft]w>ds      
ma9ta9+ 8 place 9 public consid]ation by
 8 num]\s writ+s1 he 0 p]sonally widely 
kn[n3 he 0 univ]sally e/eem$ a man (    
/rict v]acity & integrity4 ,he writes   

?us ( himself3--  8,if ! reception ( s  
_m visit]s 0 sometimes tr\blesome1 x    
repaid itself occasionally ei!r by mak+ 
me acqua9t$ ) rem>kable p]sonages1 or by
 br++ out a wond]ful sort ( se]-gift1   
:i* ,i call$ my inw>d vision1 & :i* has 
always rema9$ an enigma to me4 ,i am    
almo/ afraid to say a ^w ^u ?is subject2
 n = fe> ( ! imputation ( be+           
sup]/iti\s1 b le/ ,i %\ld enc\rage t    
disposition 9 o!rs2 & yet x =ms a       
contribution to psy*ology4 ,s to        
confess4  8,x is ackn[l$g$ t ! judgm5t  
:i* we =m ( /rang]s1 on fir/ meet+ !m1  
is frequ5tly m correct ?an t :i* we     
adopt ^u a long] acqua9tance ) !m4 ,!   
fir/ impression :i*1 ?r\gh an in/9ct ( !
 s\l1 attracts "o t[>ds1 or repels "o f1
 ano!r1 becomes1 aft] a "t1 m dim1 & is 
weak5$1 ei!r ?r\gh 8 appe>+ o!r ?an at  
fir/1 or ?r\gh our becom+ accu/om$ to   
him4 ,p speak1 too1 9 ref]5ce to su*    
cases ( involunt>y sympa?ies & av]sions1
 & atta* a special c]ta9ty to su*       
manife/ations 9 *ildr51 9 :om k ( mank9d

 by exp]i5ce is want+4 ,o!rs1 aga91 are 
incr$ul\s1 & attribute all to           
physiognomical skill4 ,b ( myself4  8,x 
has happ5$ to me occasionally1 at ! fir/
 meet+ ) a total /rang]1 :5 ,i h be5    
li/5+ 9 sil5ce to 8 conv]sation1 t 8 pa/
 life1 up to ! pres5t mom5t1 ) _m m9ute 
circum/ances belong+ to "o or o!r       
p>ticul> sc5e 9 x1 has come across me l 
a dream1 b di/9ctly1 entirely1          
involunt>ily1 & uns\ght1 occupy+ 9      
duration a few m9utes4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod  
,i am usually s plung$ into !           
repres5tation ( ! /rang]'s life1 t at   
la/ ,i nei!r cont9ue to see di/9ctly 8  
face1 on :i* ,i 0 idly speculat+1 nor to
 he> intellig5tly 8 voice1 :i* at fir/  
,i 0 us+ z a comm5t>y to ! text ( 8     
physiognomy4 ,= a long "t ,i 0 dispos$  
to consid] ^! fleet+ visions z a trick (
 ! fancy2 ! m s t my dream-vision       
display$ to me ! dress & movem5ts ( !   
actors1 ! appe>ance ( ! room1 !         
furniture1 & o!r accid5ts ( ! sc5e2     
till1 on "o occasion1 9 a gamesome mood1

 ,i n>rat$ to my family ! secret hi/ory 
( a semp/ress :o _h j be=e quitt$ !     
room4 ,i _h nev] se5 ! p]son be=e4      
,nev]!less ! he>]s 7 a/oni%$1 & laugh$1 
& w\ld n be p]suad$ b t ,i _h a previ\s 
acqua9tance ) ! =m] life ( ! p]son1     
inasmu* z :at ,i _h /at$ 0 p]fectly     
true4 ,i 0 n less a/oni%$ to f9d t my   
dream-vision agre$ ) reality4 ,i !n gave
 m att5tion to ! subject1 &1 z (t5 z    
propriety all[$ ( x1 ,i relat$ to ^? ^: 
lives _h s pass$ be=e me ! sub/ance ( my
 dream-vision1 to obta9 f !m its        
contradiction or confirmation4 ,on e    
occasion its confirmation foll[$1 n )\t 
amazem5t on ! "p ( ^? :o gave x4  8,lea/
 ( all c\ld ,i myself give fai? to ^!   
conjur+ tricks ( my m9d4 ,e "t t ,i     
describ$ to any "o my dream-vision      
respect+ him1 ,i confid5tly expect$ him 
to answ] x 0 n s4 ,a secret ?rill always
 came ov] me :5 ! li/5] repli$1 #8,x    
happ5$ z y say2' or :51 be=e he spoke1 8
 a/oni%m5t betray$ t ,i 0 n wrong4      
,in/ead ( record+ _m in/ances1 ,i w give

 "o :i*1 at ! "t1 made a /rong          
impression ^u me4  8,on a fair day1 ,i  
w5t into ! t[n ( ,wald%ut1 accompani$ by
 two "y =e/]s :o are /ill alive4 ,x 0   
ev5+1 &1 tir$ ) our walk1 we w5t into an
 inn call$ ! ,v9e4 ,we took our supp] ) 
a num]\s company at ! public table2 :5 x
 happ5$ t !y made !mselves m]ry ov] !   
peculi>ities & simplicity ( ! ,swiss1 9 
connexion ) ! belief 9 ,mesm]ism1       
,lavat]'s physiognomical sy/em1 & ! l4  
,"o ( my companions1 ^: national pride 0
 t\*$ by _! raill]y1 begg$ me to make "s
 reply1 p>ticul>ly 9 answ] to a "y man (
 sup]ior appe>ance1 :o sat opposite1 &  
_h indulg$ 9 unre/ra9$ ridicule4 ,x     
happ5$ t ! ev5ts ( ?is v p]son's life _h
 j previ\sly pass$ be=e my m9d4 ,i turn$
 to him ) ! "q1 :e!r he w\ld reply to me
 ) tru? & c&\r1 if ,i n>rat$ to him !   
mo/ secret passages ( 8 hi/ory1 he be+ z
 little kn[n to me z ,i to him8 ,t w\ld1
 ,i sugge/$1 g some?+ beyond ,lavat]'s  
physiognomical skill4 ,he promis$1 if ,i
 told ! tru?1 to admit x op5ly4 ,!n ,i  

n>rat$ ! ev5ts ) :i* my dream-vision _h 
furni%$ me1 & ! table le>nt ! hi/ory ( !
 "y tradesman's life1 ( 8 s*ool ye>s1 8 
peccadilloes1 &1 f9ally1 ( a little act 
( rogu]y committ$ by him on ! /rong box 
( 8 employ]4 ,i describ$ ! un9habit$    
room ) its :ite walls1 :]e1 to ! "r ( ! 
br[n door1 !re _h /ood ^u ! table !     
small black money-*e/1 c4 ,a dead sil5ce
 reign$ 9 ! company dur+ ?is recital1   
int]rupt$ only :5 ,i occasionally ask$  
if ,i spoke ! tru?4 ,! man1 mu* /ruck1  
admitt$ ! correctness ( ea*             
circum/ance--ev51 :i* ,i c\ld n expect1 
( ! la/4 ,t\*$ ) 8 frankness1 ,i rea*$  
my h& to him across ! table1 & clos$ my 
n>rative4 ,he ask$ my "n1 :i* ,i gave   
him4 ,we sat up late 9 ! night conv]s+4 
,he may be alive yet4  8,n[ ,i c well   
imag9e h[ a lively imag9ation c\ld      
picture1 romance-fa%ion1 f ! obvi\s "* (
 a p]son1 h[ he w\ld conduct himself "u 
giv5 circum/ances4 ,b :5ce came to me ! 
involunt>y k ( accessory details1 :i* 7 
)\t any sort ( int]e/1 & respect$ p :o =

 ! mo/ "p 7 utt]ly indiff]5t to me1 )   
:om ,i nei!r _h1 nor wi%$ to h1 !       
slighte/ association8 ,or 0 x 9 ea* case
 m]e co9cid5ce8 ,or _h ! li/5]1 to :om  
,i describ$ 8 hi/ory1 ea* "t o!r images 
9 8 m9d ?an ! accessory ones ( my /ory1 
b1 9 surprise at ! ess5tial resemblance 
( my /ory to ! tru?1 lo/ sight ( ! po9ts
 ( diff]5ce8 ,yet ,i h1 9 consid]ation (
 ?is possible s\rce ( error1 sev]al     
times tak5 pa9s to describe ! mo/       
trivial circum/ances t my dream-vision  
has %[n me4  8,n ano!r ^w ab\t ?is      
/range se]-gift1 :i* ,i c av] 0 ( no use
 to me 9 a s+le in/ance1 :i* manife/$   
itself occasionally only1 & q           
indep5d5tly ( any volition1 & (t5 9     
relation to p]sons 9 ^: hi/ory ,i took n
 ! slighte/ int]e/4 ,nor am ,i ! only "o
 9 possession ( ?is faculty4 ,9 a j\rney
 ) two ( my sons1 ,i fell 9 ) an old    
,tyrolese :o travell$ ab\t1 sell+ lemons
 & oranges1 at ! inn at ,unt]hau]/e9 9  
"o ( ! ,jura passes4 ,he fix$ 8 eyes =  
"s "t ^u me1 jo9$ 9 our conv]sation1    

obs]v$ t ?\gh ,i did n "k him he knew   
me1 & began to describe my acts & de$s1 
to ! no little amusem5t ( ! peasants1 & 
a/oni%m5t ( my *ildr51 :om x int]e/$ to 
le>n t ano!r possess$ ! same gift z _!  
fa!r4 ,h[ ! old lemon-m]*ant acquir$ 8 k
 he 0 n able to expla9 to himself nor to
 me4 ,b he seem$ to atta* great         
importance to 8 hidd5 wisdom40#b        
,footnote #b3 ,zs*okke told a fri5d (   
m9e at ,frank=t1 9 #ahdg1 %ortly be=e 8 
dea?1 :i* took place at an advanc$ age1 
t 9 ! latt] ye>s ( 8 life 8 se]-gift _h 
nev] manife/$ itself4  ,9 ! newness (   
su* k1 x is wor? :ile to note sep>ately 
ea* ( ! p>ticul>s :i* att5d$ !          
manife/ation ( ?is /range m5tal faculty1
 ) 8 acc\nt ( :i* ,zs*okke has enri*$   
psy*ology4  #a4 ,!n1 aft] ! p[] ( look+ 
up ! entire recollections ( ano!r1 ?r\gh
 "s o!r *annel ?an ord9>y inquiry &     
obs]vation--& z x seem$ directly--we may
 note1--  #b4 ,! rapidity1 m9ut5ess1 &  
precision1 :i* *>act]iz$ ! act (        
inspection4  #c4 ,! feel+ att5d+ x (    

becom+ abs5t or lo/ to :at 0 go+ on     
ar\nd4  #d4 ,its involunt>9ess &        
unexpect$ness4  #e4 ,its be+ practicable
 on "s only2 &  #f4 ,^? entire /rang]s1 
& at _! fir/ int]view ) ! se]4  ,at     
pres5t ,i %all avail myself ( ! fir/    
broad fact alone1 rem>k+1 h[ev]1 ( !    
conditions obs]v$ 9 x1 t !y cle>ly      
indicate ! exi/5ce ( a law on :i* !     
ph5om5on dep5d$4 ,& ,i %all assume x to 
be prov$ by ! above crucial in/ance1 t !
 m9d1 or s\l1 ( "o human be+ c be       
br\ght1 9 ! natural c\rse ( ?+s1 & "u   
physiological laws h]eaft] to be        
det]m9$1 into imm$iate relation ) ! m9d 
( ano!r liv+ p]son4  ,if ?is pr9ciple be
 admitt$1 x is adequate to expla9 all ! 
puzzl+ ph5om5a ( real gho/s & ( true    
dreams4 ,= example1 ! gho/ly &          
int]somnial communications1 ) :i* we h z
 yet dealt1 h be5 ann\ncem5ts ( ! dea?s 
( abs5t p>ties4 ,suppose our new        
pr9ciple br\ght into play2 ! s\l ( ! dy+
 p]son is to be suppos$ to h come into  
direct communication ) ! m9d ( 8 fri5d1 

) ! effect ( sugge/+ 8 pres5t condition4
 ,if ! se] be dream+1 ! sugge/ion %apes 
a correspond+ dream2 if he be awake1 x  
orig9ates a s5sorial illusion4 ,to speak
 figuratively1 m]ely figuratively1 9    
ref]5ce to ! circulation ( ?is p>tial   
m5tal obitu>y1 ,i w suppose t ! dea? ( a
 human be+ ?r[s a sort ( gleam ?r\gh !  
spiritual _w1 :i* may n[ & !n t\* )     
light "s fitt+ly dispos$ object2 or ev5 
two simultane\sly1 if *ance h plac$ !m 9
 ! "r relation2--z ! tw9-spires ( a     
ca!dral may be mom5t>ily illum9at$ by "s
 f>-(f fla%1 :i* does n break ! gloom ^u
 ! ro(s bel[4  ,! same pr9ciple is      
applicable to ! explanation ( ! vampyr  
visit4 ,! s\l ( ! buri$ man is to be    
suppos$ to be br\ght into communication 
) 8 fri5d's m9d4 ,!nce foll[s1 z a      
s5sorial illusion1 ! app>ition ( ! buri$
 man4 ,p]haps ! visit may h be5 an      
in/9ctive ef=t to draw ! att5tion ( 8   
fri5d to 8 liv+ grave4 ,i beg to sugge/ 
t x w\ld n be an act ( sup]/ition n[1 b 
( ord9>y humane precaution1 if "o dream$

 p]t9aci\sly ( a rec5tly buri$          
acqua9tance1 or saw 8 gho/1 to take     
imm$iate /eps to h ! /ate ( ! body      
asc]ta9$4  ,x is n my int5tion1 9 !     
pres5t lett]1 to pu% ! application ( ?is
 pr9ciple fur!r4 ,) slight modifications
 x might be br\ght to expla9 sev]al o!r 
wond]ful /ories1 :i* we usually neglect 
j f n see+ h[ to expla9 !m4 ,"o class ( 
^! in/ances is :at 0 t]m$ second-sight4 
,! belief 9 x =m]ly prevail$ 9 ,scotl&1 
& 9 ! :ole ( ! nor? ( ,europe4 ,b !     
faculty1 if x ev] exi/$1 seems to be    
disappe>+ n[4 ,h[ev]1 x is difficult1 "o
 has he>d s _m examples ( ! correctness 
( its w>n+s & anticipations1 n to       
believe t x once really manife/$ itself4
  ,a mu* respect$ ,scotti% lady1 n      
unkn[n 9 lit]ature1 told me v rec5tly h[
 a fri5d ( h] "m1 :om %e p]fectly       
rememb]$1 _h be5 compell$ to believe 9  
second-sight ?r\gh its occurr5ce 9 "o ( 
h] s]vants4 ,%e _h a cook1 :o 0 a       
cont9ual annoyance to h] ?r\gh h]       
possession ( ?is gift4 ,on "o occasion1 

:5 ! lady expect$ "s fri5ds1 %e le>n$1 a
 %ort "t be=e !y 7 to arrive1 t ! cul9>y
 prep>ations %e _h ord]$ to hon\r !m _h 
n be5 made4 ,^u h] remon/rat+ ) ! (f5d+ 
cook1 ! latt] simply b dogg$ly assur$ h]
 t come !y w\ld n2 t %e knew x to a     
c]ta9ty2 &1 true en\gh1 !y did n come4  
,"s accid5t _h occurr$ to prev5t _!     
visit4 ,! same p]son frequ5tly knew     
be=eh& :at h] mi/ress's plans 71 & 0 z  
inconv5i5t 9 h] kit*5 z a calculat+     
prodigy 9 a c\nt+-h\se4 ,?+s w5t        
p]fectly "r1 b ! mann] 0 irregul> &     
provok+2 s h] mi/ress turn$ h] away4    
,suppos+ ?is /ory true1 ! ph5om5a look j
 a modification ( ,zs*okke's se]-gift4  
,a numb] ( incid5ts !re are turn+ up1 = 
! mo/ "p on trivial occasions1 :i* we   
put aside = fe> ( be+ ?\ght sup]/iti\s1 
because z yet a natural solution is n at
 h& = !m4 ,sympa?y 9 g5]al1 ! spread (  
panic fe>s1 ! simultane\s occurr5ce ( ! 
same ?\ghts to two p]sons1 ! intuitive k
 ( mank9d possess$ by "s1 ! magnetic    
fasc9ation ( o!rs1 may ev5tually be f\nd

 to h to d ) a special & unsuspect$     
cause4 ,among anecdotes ( no great      
conclusiv5ess t ,i h he>d n>rat$ ( ?is  
sort1 ,i w cite two ( ,"l ,nelson1 told 
by ! late ,sir ,?omas ,h>dy to ! late   
,admiral ! ,hon4 ,g4 ,dundas1 f :om ,i  
he>d !m4 ,! fir/ 0 m5tion$ to exemplify 
,nelson's quick insight into "*4 ,capta9
 ,h>dy 0 pres5t z ,nelson gave          
directions to ! comm&] ( a frigate to   
make sail ) all spe$--to proce$ to c]ta9
 po9ts1 :]e he 0 likely to fall 9 ) !   
,fr5* fleet--hav+ se5 ! ,fr5*1 to g to a
 c]ta9 h>b\r1 & !re await ,"l ,nelson's 
com+4 ,aft] ! comm&] _h left ! cab91    
,nelson said to ,h>dy1 8,he w g to !    
,we/ ,indies1 he w see ! ,fr5*2 he w g  
to ! h>b\r ,i h direct$ him to2 b he w n
 wait = me--he w sail = ,engl&40 ,!     
comm&] did s4 ,%ortly be=e ! battle (   
,trafalg> an ,engli% frigate 0 9        
advance1 look+ out = ! enemy2 h] place 9
 ! (f+ 0 h>dly disc]nible4 ,( a sudd5   
,nelson said to ,h>dy1 :o 0 at 8 side1  
8,! ,cele/e10 7or :atev] ! frigate's "n 

017 8! ,cele/e sees ! ,fr5*40 ,h>dy _h  
no?+ to say on ! matt]4 8,%e sees !     
,fr5*2 %e'll fire a gun40 ,)9 a little  
"t1 ! boom ( ! signal-gun 0 he>d4#c     
,footnote #c3 ,! foll[+ anecdote has no 
conceivable "r to be introduc$ on !     
pres5t occasion2 b ,i _h x on ! same    
au?ority1 & x is a pity x %\ld be lo/4  
,z our fleet 0 be>+ d[n ^u ! enemies'   
l9e at ,trafalg>1 ,nelson pac$ !        
qu>t]-deck ( ! ,victory ) ,sir ,?omas   
,h>dy4 ,aft] a %ort sil5ce1 t\*+ 8 left 
?igh ) 8 rema9+ h&1 ,nelson said1 8,i'd 
give t1 ,h>dy1 to come out ( ?is40  ,i  
am n sure t my new pr9ciple w be a g5]al
 fav\rite4 ,x w be said t ! cases1 9 :i*
 ,i suppose x manife/$1 are ( too       
trivial a nature to ju/ify s novel a    
hypo!sis4 ,my answ] is1 ! cases are few 
& trivial only because ! subject has n  
be5 att5d$ to4 ,= h[ _m c5turies 7 !    
laws ( electricity pre9dicat$ by ! s+le 
fact t a piece ( amb]1 :5 rubb$1 w\ld   
attract light bodies6 ,aga91 ! s*ool (  
physiological mat]iali/s w ( c\rse be   

oppos$ to x4 ,!y hold t ! m9d is b a    
function or product ( ! bra91 & _c !re=e
 consi/5tly admit its sep>ate action4 ,b
 _! fundam5tal t5et is uns\nd1 ev5 ^u   
consid]+ ! analogies ( matt] alone4     
,:at is meant by a product8--9 :at does 
production consi/8 ,let u look =        
in/ances3 a metal is produc$ f an ore2  
alcohol is produc$ f sac*>9e matt]2 !   
bones & s9ews ( an animal are produc$ f 
its food4 ,production1 9 ! common       
signification ( ! ^w1 means ! conv]sion 
( "o sub/ance into ano!r1 weight =      
weight1 agreeably )1 or "u1 me*anical1  
*emical1 & vital laws4 ,i speak1 (      
c\rse1 ( mat]ial production4 ,b ! case (
 ?\ght is p>allel4 ,! products ( !      
poet's bra9 are b recomb9ations ( =m]   
ideas4 ,production1 ) him1 is b a       
re>rangem5t ( ! elem5ts ( ?\ght4 ,8 food
 may turn into or produce new bra92 b x 
is ! m5tal impressions he has /or$ :i*  
turn into new imag]y4 ,to say t ! bra9  
turns into ?\ght1 is to ass]t t         
consci\sness & ! bra9 are "o & ! same   

?+1 :i* w\ld be an idle abuse (         
language4  ,x is inde$ true t1 ) !      
manife/ation ( ea* ?\ght or feel+1 a    
correspond+ decomposition ( ! bra9 takes
 place4 ,b x is equally true t1 9 a     
voltaic batt]y 9 action1 ea* movem5t (  
electric =ce develop$ !re is att5d$ ) a 
wa/e ( ! metal-plates :i* help to =m x4 
,b t wa/e is n conv]t$ into electric    
fluid4 ,! exact quantity ( pure z9c :i* 
disappe>s may be detect$ 9 ! =m (       
sulphate ( z9c4 ,! electricity 0 n      
produc$1 x 0 only set 9 motion1 by !    
*emical decomposition4 ,"h is ! true    
mat]ial analogy ( ! relation ( ! bra9 to
 ! m9d4 ,m9d1 l electricity1 is an      
impond]able =ce p]vad+ ! univ]se3 & !re 
happ5 to be kn[n to u c]ta9 mat]ial     
arrangem5ts1 ?r\gh :i* ea* may be       
influ5c$4 ,we _c1 inde$1 pursue !       
analogy beyond ?is /ep4 ,consci\sness & 
electricity h no?+ fur!r 9 common4 ,_!  
fur!r relations to ! dissimil> mat]ial  
arrangem5ts1 ?r\gh :i* !y may be excit$ 
or di/urb$1 are subjects ( totally      

di/9ct /udies1 & resolvable into laws   
:i* h no aff9ity1 & admit ( no          
comp>ison4  ,x is s+ul> h[ e>ly 9 !     
hi/ory ( mank9d ! belief 9 ! sep>ate    
exi/5ce ( ! s\l develop$ itself z an    
in/9ct ( our nature4  ,tim>*us1 :o 0    
curi\s on ! subject ( ! demon (         
,socrates1 w5t to ! cave ( ,trophonius  
to consult ! oracle ab\t x4 ,!re1 hav+ =
 a %ort "t inhal$ ! mephitic vap\r1 he  
felt z if he _h receiv$ a sudd5 bl[ on !
 head1 & sank d[n ins5sible4 ,!n 8 head 
appe>$ to him to op51 & to give issue to
 8 s\l into ! o!r _w2 & an imag9>y be+  
seem$ to in=m him t 8! "p ( ! s\l engag$
 9 ! body1 entrammell$ 9 its            
organization1 is ! s\l z ord9>ily       
und]/ood2 b t !re is ano!r "p or prov9ce
 ( ! s\l :i* is ! daimon4 ,?is has a    
c]ta9 control ov] ! bodily s\l1 & among 
o!r (fices con/itutes consci5ce40--8,9  
?ree mon?s10 ! vision add$1 8y w "k m ( 
?is40 ,at ! end ( ?ree mon?s ,tim>*us   
di$4     ,,lett] ,v4                    
,,trance4--,di/9ction ( esoneural &     

exoneural m5tal  ph5om5a--,abnormal     
relation ( ! m9d & n]v\s sy/em          
possible--,insanity--,sleep--,ess5tial  
nature ( ,trance--,its alliance )       
spasmodic seizures--,g5]al *>act]s (    
,trance--,enum]ation ( its  k9ds4   ,!  
"t has n[ arriv$ = exp\nd+ ! ph5om5a (  
,trance2 an acqua9tance ) :i* is        
necess>y to enable y to und]/& ! s\rce &
 nature ( ! delusions ) :i* ,i h yet to 
deal4  ,y h already _h glimpses ( ?is   
condition4 ,arnod ,paole 0 9 a trance 9 
! cemet]y ( ,m$uegna--,tim>*us 0 9 a    
trance 9 ! cave ( ,trophonius4  ,let me 
beg9 by develop+ c]ta9 prelim9>y        
conceptions relat+ to ! subject4  ,i4   
,common obs]vation1 ! spontane\s c\rse (
 our reflections1 our in/9ctive         
int]pretation ( nature1 reveal to u     
matt]1 motion1 & intellig5ce1 z !       
co-exi/+ ph5om5a ( ! univ]se4 ,9 ! f>!/ 
di/ances ( space cognisable to our      
s5ses1 we disc]n matt] & motion1 & _!   
subord9ation to intellig5ce4 ,^u ! e>?'s
 surface we disc]n1 9 ! f9ely design$   

me*anism ( ea* plant1 ! ag5cy ( life2 & 
we recognise 9 ! microcosm ( ea* animal 
a liv+ organization1 fitt$ to be !      
recipi5t ( individual consci\sness1 or (
 p]sonal be+4  ,,ii4 ,! intellig5ce :i* 
is communicat$ to liv+ be+s becomes1 to 
a great ext5t1 dep5d5t ^u ! organization
 ) :i* x is comb9$4 ,?us e m5tal faculty
 is f\nd to h its def9ite seat & habitat
 9 ! bodily frame4 ,! pr9cipal successes
 ( mod]n physiologi/s h be5 a*iev$ 9    
det]m9+ ) :at precise p>ts ( ! n]v\s    
sy/em ea* affection ( consci\sness is   
functionally associat$4 ,diff]5t classes
 ( n]ves are f\nd to be appropriat$ to  
s5sation & volition2 diff]5t p>ts ( !   
sp9al cord are prov$ to m9i/] to diff]5t
 (fices2 & ( ! subdivisions ( ! bra91   
ea* is ?\ght to correspond ) a sep>ate  
faculty1 or s5tim5t1 or appetite4 ,s f> 
! m5tal =ces1 or op]ations ( a liv+     
human be+1 may be conceiv$ to be        
ess5tially esoneural1 7 47 ,ea* appe>s  
to h its prop] & special work%op or     
laboratory 9 ! n]v\s sy/em4  ,,iii4 ,b  

!re are n want+ facts :i* make x        
reasonable to ?9k t our m5tal =ces or   
op]ations transc5d occasionally &       
p>tially ! limits ( our corporeal frame4
 ,! ph5om5a adv]t$ to 9 ! prec$+ lett]1 
9 connexion ) ! n>rative ( ,zs*okke's   
se]-gift1 h>dly seem to admit (         
explanation on any o!r supposition4 ,nor
 is x a v improbable conjecture1 t      
ph5om5a ( ! same class =m1 z x 71 !     
complem5ts ( _m ord9>y esoneural        
op]ations4 ,possibly 9 common p]ception 
! m9d directly rea*es ! object p]ceiv$1 
be+ excit$ !reto by ! antec$5t mat]ial  
impressions on our organs1 & ! s5sations
 :i* foll[4 ,to d5ote m5tal ph5om5a ( ! 
k9d ,i am suppos+1 ,i propose ! t]m     
exoneural1 7 47 ,i v5ture ev51 foll[+   
out ?is idea1 to conjecture fur!r1 t !  
,od =ce may someh[ furni% ! dynamic     
bridge along :i* our exoneural          
appreh5sion travels4  ,,iv4 ,!          
affections ( consci\sness w\ld ?us be 9 
"p esoneural1 9 "p exoneural1 dur+ !    
heal?y & normal /ate ( our be+2 !       

esoneural "p be+ execut$ 9 imm$iate     
connexion ) its appropriate organ1 & e  
manife/ation ( x be+ att5d$ ) a physical
 *ange 9 ! latt]4  ,v4 ,b x is          
conceivable1 on ! assumption ( m9d be+ a
 sep>ate pr9ciple f matt]1 t ! human s\l
 may be capable ( reta9+ its union ) !  
body 9 a new1 unusual1 & abnormal       
relation4 ,! hypo!sis is />tl+ en\gh4 ,i
 adopt x only f see+ no o!r way (       
acc\nt+ = c]ta9 facts :i*1 ) ! evid5ce (
 _! reality1 w pres5tly be br\ght =w>d4 
,i v5ture to suppose t ! m9d ( a liv+   
man may en]gize abnormally 9 two ways3  
fir/1 t a mu* l>g] %>e ( its op]ations  
may be conduct$ exoneurally--t is1 out (
 ! body--?an usual2 secondly1 t !       
esoneural m5tal functions may be        
conduct$ )9 ! body 9 unaccu/om$ organs1 
des]t+ ^? naturally appropriat$ to !m4  
,two or ?ree in/ances h be5 already     
giv51 :i* fav\r1 at all ev5ts1 !        
supposition ( ! possibility ( su* an    
abnormal relation betwe5 ! m9d & ! body 
be+ realiz$4 ,b 9 mo/ ( ! in/ances      

hi!rto adv]t$ to1 ! normal relation may 
be suppos$ to h rema9$4  ,,vi4 ,?us all 
! ord9>y ph5om5a ( s5sorial illusions at
 once are esoneural1 & suppose !        
p]si/5ce ( ! normal relation ( m9d &    
body4 ,! mat]ial organ to :i* ! physical
 ag5cies prec$+ s5sation are propagat$  
be+ irritat$1 is to be suppos$ to excite
 9 ! m9d s5su\s recollections or fancies
 t are s vivid z to appe> realities4    
,,vii4 ,9 m5tal delusions1 aga91 !re is 
no reason = surmis+ ! int]v5tion ( !    
abnormal relation4 ,b :at are m5tal     
delusions8 ,!y are a "p ( insanity4 ,&  
:at is insanity8 ,i w summ>ily /ate its 
features2 = "s ( ! in/ances :i* rema9 = 
explanation are ref]rible to x1 &       
because ,i delight to cru% a volume into
 a p>agraph4  ,! ph5om5a ( insanity may 
be arrang$ "u five heads3 ,! fir/1 !    
insane temp]am5t2 ! next ?ree !         
fundam5tal =ms ( m5tal d]angem5t2 !     
fif?1 ! p>oxysmal /ate4 ,! features ( ! 
insane temp]am5t are v>i\s2 "s ( !m are 
incompatible ) ! simultane\s pres5ce (  

o!rs4 ,:5 a gr\p ( !m is pres5t1 z a    
*ange 9 natural "*1 )\t insanity1       
insanity is ?reat5$3 no =m ( insanity   
manife/s itself )\t ! pres5ce ( "s ( !m4
 ,! features ( ! insane temp]am5t are   
^!3 ,! pati5t )draws 8 sympa?ies f ^?   
ar\nd him1 is %y1 res]v$1 cunn+1        
suspici\s1 ) a tr\bl$ air1 z if he felt 
some?+ to be wrong1 & wond]s if y see x2
 he is caprici\s1 & has flaws ( temp]2  
be+ talkative1 he is flighty &          
extravagant2 he is hurri$ 9 8 ?\ghts1 & 
mode ( speak+1 & ge/ures2 he has fits ( 
abs5ce1 9 :i* he talks al\d to himself2 
he is re/less1 & anxi\s = *ange ( place4
 ,( ! elem5t>y =ms ( insanity1 "o       
consi/s 9 ! ent]ta9m5t ( m5tal          
delusions3 ! pati5t imag9es himself !   
,deity1 or a prophet1 or a mon>*1 or t  
he has become enorm\sly weal?y2 or t he 
is possess$ by ! devil1 or is p]secut$  
by invisible be+s1 or is dead1 or v     
poor1 or t he is ! victim ( public or   
private inju/ice4 ,! second =m is moral 
p]v]sion3 ! pati5t is depress$ 9 spirits

 )\t a cause1 p]haps to ! ext5t (       
m$itat+ suicide2 or he feels an         
unacc\ntable desire to take ! lives (   
o!rs2 or he is impell$ to /eal1 or to d 
gratuit\s mis*ief2 or he is a sot2 or he
 has fits ( ungov]nable & dang]\s rage4 
,! ?ird =m exhibits itself 9 loss (     
connexion ( ideas1 failure ( memory1    
loss ( common intellig5ce1 disreg>d ( ! 
common dec5cies ( life4 ,ea* ( ^! ?ree  
elem5t>y =ms is sometimes met ) alone2  
g5]ally two are comb9$4 ,s5sorial       
illusions are common 9 insanity2        
auditory1 unaccompani$ by visual        
illusions1 are almo/ peculi> to x1 & to 
! cognate affection ( delirium f fev] or
 inflammation ( ! bra94 ,to ! head ( !  
p>oxysmal /ate belongs ! hi/ory (       
exac]bations ( insanity1 ( _! sudd5     
outbur/s 9 p]sons ( ! insane temp]am5t1 
( _! pref]5tial connexion ) ?is or t    
antec$5t condition ( ! pati5t1 ( _!     
occasional p]iodicity4  ,,vii4 ,9       
cong5ital idiotcy & imbecility1 !       
relation ( ! m9d & bra9 is normal4 ,(t5 

! defective organization is app>5t ?r\gh
 :i* ! intellig5ce is repress$4 ,9 _m   
c\ntries a popul> belief prevails t !   
imbecile h occasional glimpses ( high]  
k4 ,!re is no reason evid5t :y _! m9ds  
%\ld n be susceptible ( ! abnormal      
relation4  ,,viii4 ,9 sleep1 ! m9d &    
bra9 are 9 ! normal relation4 ,b :at is 
sleep1 psy*ically consid]$8  ,x is be/  
to beg9 by look+ into ! m5tal con/itu5ts
 ( wak+4 ,!re is !n pass+ be=e u an     
endless curr5t ( images & reflections1  
furni%$ f our recollections1 & sugge/$  
by our hopes & our fe>s1 by pursuits t  
int]e/ u1 or by _! own                  
int]-associations4 ,?is curr5t ( ?\ght  
is cont9ually be+ *ang$ or modifi$1     
?r\gh impressions made ^u our s5ses4 ,x 
is fur!r liable to be /ill m importantly
 & sy/ematically modifi$ by ! ex]cise ( 
! faculty ( ,att5tion4 ,! att5tion      
op]ates 9 a tw(old mann]4 ,x enables u  
to deta9 at pleasure any subject ( ?\ght
 be=e ! m9d2 &1 :5 n on su* urg5t duty1 
x vigilantly inspects e idea :i* pres5ts

 itself1 & reports if x be palpably     
uns\nd or ( que/ionable t5d5cy4 ,to     
speak ) m precision1 x is a p[] we h (  
controll+ our ?\ghts1 :i* we drill to   
w>n u :5ev] ! sugge/$ ideas conflict )  
our exp]i5ce or our pr9ciples4  ,!n (   
sleep4 ,we cat* glimpses ( its nature at
 ! mom5ts ( fall+ asleep & ( wak+4 ,:5 x
 is ! usual "t = sleep1 if our att5tion 
happ5 to be livelily excit$1 x is 9 va9 
we c\rt sleep4 ,:5 we are /riv+ to      
cont5d aga9/ ! s5se ( ov]:elm+ fatigue1 
:at we feel is1 t we c no long] comm&   
our att5tion4 ,!n we are lo/1 or are    
asleep4 ,!n ! head & body drop =w>ds2 we
 h ceas$ to att5d to ! ma9t5ance ( our  
equilibrium4 ,any it]ation ( g5tle1     
impressions1 en\gh to div]t att5tion f  
o!r objects1 )\t ar\s+ x1 promotes      
sleep4  ,?us we recognise z ! psy*ical  
basis ( sleep ! susp5sion ( ! att5tion4 
,are any o!r m5tal faculties susp5d$ 9  
sleep8 ,s5sation & ! influ5ce ( ! w ov] 
! muscul> sy/em are n2 = our dreams are 
liable to be %ap$ by :at we he>4 ,!     

sleep]1 )\t wak+1 w turn 8 head away f a
 bright light1 w )draw 8 arm if y p9* x1
 w utt] l\d words :i* he dreams he is   
employ+4 ,! seem+ ins5sibility 9 sleep1 
! app>5t susp5sion ( ! influ5ce ( ! w1  
are simply consequ5ces ( ! susp5sion (  
att5tion4  ,i h1 on ano!r occasion1 %[n 
t ! organs 9 :i* s5sations are realiz$1 
& volition en]gizes1 are ! segm5ts ( !  
cranio-sp9al cord 9 :i* ! s5ti5t &      
volunt>y n]ves are root$4 ,i ?9k ,i see 
n[ t ! seat ( ! att5tion is ! 8m$ulla   
oblongata40 ,=--alas = ! imp]fect       
conceptions into :i* ! imp]fection (    
language z an in/rum5t ( ?\ght =ces     
u6--:at is ! faculty ( att5tion1 :i* we 
h be5 consid]+ almo/ z a sep>ate elem5t 
( m9d1 b ! individual 8i*0 en]giz+1 n[  
ke5ly notic+ impressions & ?\ghts1 n[   
all[+ !m to pass1 :ile x looks on ) lazy
 indiff]5ce2 n[1 at l5g?1 worn out &    
exhau/$1 & incapable ( fur!r "w8 ,b ?is 
inspect+ & contra/+ op]ation1 :]e %\ld x
 m naturally f9d its bureau ?an at a    
po9t situat$ betwe5 ! organs ( ! und]/&+

 & ^? ( ! w8--t is to say1 some:]e at ! 
junction ( ! sp9al m>r[ & ! bra94 ,well1
 ,mag5die asc]ta9$ t j at t region !re  
is a small portion ( n]v\s matt]1       
pressure ^u :i* causes imm$iately heavy 
sleep or /upor1 :ile its de/ruction--=  
in/ance1 ! lac]ation ( ! little organ ) 
! po9t ( a ne$le--in/antane\sly &       
irrevocably ext+ui%es life4#d ,?is      
preci\s l9k 9 our sy/em is1 reasonably  
en\gh1 /[$ away 9 ! secure/ "p ( our    
frame--t is to say1 )9 ! head1 ^u !     
/rong c5tral bone ( ! base ( ! skull4   
,h[ came ! fancy ( ,%akspe>e by ! happy 
figure :i* seems to adumbrate ,mag5die's
 discov]y ( to-day1 9 poetry writt5 ?ree
 hundr$ ye>s ago8  ,footnote #d3 ,!     
read] :o wi%es to pursue ?is subject    
f>!r1 w f9d x exp\nd$1 9 connexion ) a  
l>ge body ( collat]al facts1 9 my "w    
entitl$ ,! ,n]v\s ,sy/em & its          
,functions4 ,p>k]1 ,we/ ,/r&3 #ahdb4    
8,)9 ! holl[ cr[n1     ,t r\nds ! mortal
 temples ( a k+1     ,keeps ,dea? 8     
c\rt2 & !re ! antic sits     ,mock+ 8   

/ate1 & gr9n+ at 8 pomp2     ,all[+ him 
a brea?1 a little h\r1     ,to mon>*ize1
 be fe>$1 & kill ) looks2     ,infus+   
him ) self & va9 conceits1     ,z if !  
fle% t walls ab\t our life     ,7 brass 
impregnable4 ,till1 hum\r$ ?us1     ,he 
comes at la/1 &1 ) a little p91         
,bores ?r\gh 8 ca/le wall--& f>ewell    
k+60  ,to return to our argum5t1 ,are ! 
s5tim5ts & high] faculties ( ! m9d      
susp5d$ dur+ sleep8 ,c]ta9ly n1 if      
dream+ be a "p ( natural sleep1 z ,i    
hold x to be4 ,= !re are "s :o dream    
always2 o!rs1 :o say !y seldom dream2   
o!rs1 :o disav[ dream+ at all4 ,b !     
simple/ view ( ^! ?ree cases is to      
suppose t 9 sleep all p]sons always     
dream1 b t all d n rememb] _! dreams4   
,?is imput$ =getfulness is n surpris+1  
consid]+ ! importance ( ! att5tion to   
memory1 & t 9 sleep ! att5tion is       
susp5d$4 ,ord9>y dreams pres5t "o       
rem>kable feature2 no?+ 9 !m appe>s     
wond]ful4 ,we meet & conv]se ) fri5ds   
long dead2 ! improbability ( ! ev5t nev]

 crosses our m9ds4 ,"o sees a horse     
gallop+ by1 & calls aft] x z "o's       
fri5d--,mr4 s-&-s4 ,we fly ) agreeable  
facility1 & expla9 to an admir+ circle  
h[ we manage x4 ,e absurdity passes     
un*all5g$4 ,! att5tion is (f duty4 ,x is
 important to rem>k t !re is no?+ 9     
common dreams to int]f]e ) ! purpose (  
sleep1 :i* is repose4 ,! c>es & int]e/s 
( our wak+ life nev] recur to u2 or1 if 
!y d1 are n recognis$ z our own4 ,!     
faculties are n really en]giz+2 _! seem+
 ex]cise is sport2 !y are unh>ness$1 &  
are gamboll+ & roll+ 9 idle relaxation4 
,t is _! refre%m5t4  ,! att5tion alone  
slumb]s2 or1 ?r\gh "s slight organic    
*ange1 x is unl9k$ f ! o!r faculties1 & 
!y are put out ( ge>4 ,?is is ! basis ( 
sleep4 ,! faculties are all 9 _! places2
 b ! att5tion is (f duty2 itself asleep1
 or indol5tly keep+ wat* ( "t alone4  ,9
 contra/ ) ?is picture ( ! sleep+ & wak+
 /ates1 ( ! alt]nation ( :i* our m5tal  
life consi/s1 ,i h n[ to hold up to view
 ano!r conception1 resembl+ x1 b        

diff]5t1 vague1 impos+1 ( gigantic      
proportions1 ! mon/r\s d\ble ( ! fir/--l
 ! mock+ spectre ( ! ,h>tz1 :i* yet is b
 y\r own %ad[ ca/ by ! level sunbeams on
 ! morn+ mi/4  ,to answ] to ?is         
conception1 !re is m ?an ! ideal entity 
made up ( ! diff]5t =ms ( trance4 ,=    
al?\gh trance may occur z a s+le sleep-l
 fit ( mod]ate duration1 yet x m        
frequ5tly recurs--(t5 p]iodically1      
divid+ ! night or day ) common sleep or 
common wak+2 or x may be p]si/5t = days 
& weeks--9 :i* case1 if x g5]ally ma9ta9
 "o "*1 x is yet liable to h wak+s ( its
 own4  ,!n ! fir/ division ( trance is  
into trance-sleep & trance-wak+4 ,9     
extreme cases x is easy to tell         
trance-sleep f common sleep1 trance-wak+
 f common wak+2 b !re are v>ieties )    
less prom95t features1 9 :i* x is       
difficult1 at fir/1 to say :e!r ! pati5t
 is entranc$ at all4  ,!re is1 ^u !     
:ole1 m alliance betwe5 sleep & trance1 
?an betwe5 wak+ & trance4 ,or1 9 a l>ge 
class ( cases1 ! pati5t falls into      

trance :5 asleep4 ,x is a cognate       
ph5om5on to ?is t ! common initiatory   
/age ( trance is a trance-sleep4        
,trance is ( m frequ5t occurr5ce among !
 "y ?an among ! middle-ag$ or old p4 ,x 
occurs m frequ5tly among "y wom5 ?an    
among "y m54 ,9 o!r words1 ! liability  
to trance is 9 proportion to delicacy ( 
organization1 & high] n]v\s             
susceptibility4  ,b :at is trance8 ,! "q
 w be be/ answ]$ by exhibit+ its sev]al 
phases4 ,9 ! mean "t1 x may be laid d[n 
t ! basis ( trance is ! sup]v5tion ( !  
abnormal relation ( ! m9d & n]v\s sy/em4
 ,9 almo/ all its =ms x is easy to %[ t 
"s ( ! m5tal functions are no long]     
locat$ 9 _! pri/9e organs4 ,! mo/ ord9>y
 *ange is ! dep>ture ( common s5sation f
 ! organ ( t\*4 ,next1 sight leaves !   
organs ( vision4 ,to make up = ^!       
des]tions1 if ! pati5t wake 9 trance1   
ei!r ! same s5ses reappe> else:]e1 or "s
 unacc\ntable mode ( g5]al p]ception    
manife/s itself4  ,a /rict alliance     
exi/s betwe5 trance & ! :ole family (   

spasms4 ,mo/ ( !m are exclusively       
develop$ 9 connexion ) x2 all are liable
 to be comb9$ ) x2 !y are all capable ( 
be+ excit$ by ! same influ5ces :i*      
produce trance2 s !y (t5 occur          
vic>i\sly1 or alt]nate ) trance4 ,"o k9d
 is catalepsy2 ! body motionless1       
/atue-l1 b ! tone ( spasm ma9ta9$ l[1 s 
t y may arrange ! /atue 9 :at attitude y
 w1 & x pres]ves x4 ,a second is        
cato*us1 l ! prec$+1 b ) a high] p[] (  
spasm1 s t ! jo9ts are rigidly fix$2 &  
if y ov]come "o = a mom5t ) sup]ior     
/r5g?1 be+ let g1 x flies back to :]e x 
04 ,a ?ird1 p>tial spasm ( equal        
rigidity1 ar*+ ! body =w>ds or backw>ds 
or lat]ally1 or fix+ "o limb or m4 ,!   
f\r?1 clonic spasm1 = in/ance1 !        
contortions & convulsive /ruggles (     
epilepsy4 ,! fif?1 an impulse to rapid &
 v>i$ muscul> actions1 ne>ly equall+    
convulsions 9 viol5ce1 b comb9$ s z to  
trave/y ord9>y volunt>y motion2 ?is is !
 dance ( ,/4 ,veitz1 :i* took its "n f  
an epidemic outbreak 9 ,g]many 9 !      

?irte5? c5tury1 t 0 suppos$ to be cur$  
by ! int]position ( ! sa9t2 !n p]sons ( 
all classes 7 seiz$ 9 gr\ps 9 public ) a
 fury ( kick+1 %uffl+1 danc+ toge!r1    
till !y dropt4 ,n[1 ! same ag5cy is     
manife/$ ei!r 9 a viol5t ru%1 &         
disposition to climb ) inconceivable    
agility & precision2 or alt]nately to   
twi/ ! features1 roll ! neck1 & j]k &   
sw+ ! limbs ev5 to ! ext5t ( dislocat+  
!m4  ,! causes ( trance are mo/ly m5tal4
 ,trance appe>s to be contagi\s4 ,view$ 
m$ically1 x is seldom directly dang]\s4 
,x is a product ( ov]-excitability1 :i* 
"t blunts4 ,! disposition to trance is  
seldom manife/$ beyond a few mon?s1 or1 
at mo/1 two or ?ree ye>s4 ,= epilepsy is
 n a =m ( trance2 x is1 h[ev]1 a mix$   
m5tal & spasmodic seizure1 mu* alli$ to 
trance4 ,^? :o suff] f its attacks are  
f\nd to be among ! mo/ susceptible (    
induc$ trance4  ,b let me aga9 ask1 :at 
!n is trance8  ,trance is a peculi>     
m5tal seizure1 7totally di/9ct f        
insanity1 ) :i* aga91 h[ev]1 x may be   

comb9$17 ! pati5t tak5 ) :i* appe>s     
pr(\ndly absorb$ or rapt1 & z if lo/ m  
or less completely to surr\nd+ objects  
or impressions1 or at all ev5ts to !    
ord9>y mode ( p]ceiv+ !m2 he is likewise
 m or less entirely lo/ to 8 =m]        
recollections4 ,! m5tal seizures may or 
may n occur simultane\sly or alt]nately 
) spasmodic seizures ( any & e "*4  ,?is
 def9ition ( trance conveys1 ,i am      
afraid1 no v exact or di/9ct picture2 b 
x is ! def9ition ( a g5us1 & a g5us is  
necess>ily an ab/raction4 ,h[ev]1 x     
gives ! features ess5tial to all ! =ms (
 trance4 ,a true g5]al notion ( trance  
c1 inde$1 only be realiz$ by /udy+ 9    
detail ea* ( ! =ms x includes4 ,^! are  
sep>at$ by ! broade/ col\rs4 ,9 ! "o    
extreme an entranc$ p]son appe>s dead1 &
 no sign ( life is recognisable 9 him2 9
 ! opposite1 he appe>s to be mu* z      
usual1 & p]fectly impressible by any ?+ 
ar\nd him1 s t x dem&s c>eful obs]vation
 to e/abli% t he is n simply awake4  ,!n
 trance pres5ts no few] ?an five        

specific =ms1 di/+ui%$ ea* f ! o!r by   
cle> *>act]s1 _! ess5tial id5tity be+   
e/abli%$ by ea* at times pass+ into ei!r
 ( ! o!rs4 ,! t]ms by :i* ,i propose to 
designate ! five prim>y =ms ( trance    
are--,dea?-trance1 ,trance-coma1        
,initiatory ,trance1 ,half-wak+-trance1 
,wak+-trance4 ,! five1 h[ev]1 admit1 z  
,i h be=e said1 ( be+ arrang$ 9 two     
gr\ps3 ! fir/ ?ree =ms enum]at$         
con/itut+ v>ieties ( trance-sleep2 ! two
 latt] con/itut+ v>ieties ( wak+-trance4
 ,! next lett] w treat ( ! fir/ gr\p2 ! 
two foll[+ w treat ( ! two v>ieties ( ! 
second4  ,i h obs]v$ t ! causes ( trance
 are = ! mo/ "p m5tal impressions2 b x w
 be f\nd t c]ta9 physical influ5ces may 
produce ! same results4 ,! causes (     
trance1 :e!r m5tal or physical1 des]ve  
aga9 to be reg>d$ 9 ?ree lights4 ,ei!r  
!y h op]at$ bl9dly & =tuit\sly1 or !y h 
be5 resort$ to & us$ z ag5ts to produce 
"s vague & imp]fectly und]/ood result1  
or !y h be5 skilfully & intellig5tly    
direct$ to br+ out ! exact ph5om5a :i* h

 foll[$4 ,x is ) trance sup]v5+ 9 ! two 
=m] ways t ,i alone propose at pres5t to
 deal2 t is to say1 ) trance z x 0      
imp]fectly kn[n z an ag5t 9 sup]/ition1 
or z a r>e & m>vell\s =m ( n]v\s        
disease4 ,( ! ?ird case ( trance1 z x   
may be artificially induc$1 ,i %all     
aft]w>ds & f9ally speak4     ,,lett]    
,,vi4   ,,trance-,,sleep--,! ph5om5a (  
trance divid$ into ^? (  trance-sleep1 &
 ^? ( trance-wak+--,trance-sleep pres5ts
 ?ree  =ms2 trance-wak+ two4 ,! ?ree =ms
 ( trance-sleep describ$3  viz41        
dea?-trance1 trance-coma1 simple or     
initiatory trance4   ,trance1 !n1 x     
appe>s1 is a peculi> m5tal seizure      
liable to sup]v5e 9 p]sons ( an         
irritable n]v\s sy/em1 ei!r aft] m5tal  
excitem5t or 9 d]ang$ bodily heal?4 ,!  
seizure may la/ = a few h\rs1 or a few  
days1 or = weeks1 or ye>s2 & is liable  
to recur at regul> or irregul> int]vals4
  ,trance aga91 x has be5 obs]v$1 has   
phases correspond+ ) ! sleep+ & wak+ (  
our natural /ate4 ,& z natural sleep    

pres5ts ?ree v>ieties--! pr(\nd & heavy 
sleep ( extreme exhau/ion1 ord9>y deep  
sleep1 & ! light slumb] ( ! wakeful & ! 
anxi\s1 s trance-sleep is ?ree-fold     
likewise4 ,b z 9 trance e ?+ is         
magnifi$1 ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! ?ree     
/ates are great]1 & ! ph5om5a ( ea* m   
bold & /rik+4  ,two conditions are      
common1 h[ev]1 to e phase (             
trance-sleep2 ^! are1 ! occurr5ce (     
complete ins5sibility1 & t ( vivid &    
coh]5t dreams4  ,! ins5sibility is s    
absolute t ! mo/ p[]ful /imulants are   
insuffici5t to r\se ! pati5t4 ,an       
electric %ock1 a surgical op]ation1 !   
amputation ev5 ( a limb1 are seem+ly    
unfelt4  ,! dreams ( trance-sleep h a "*
 ( _! own4 ,x is to be rem>k$1 t 9 !    
dreams ( ord9>y sleep ! ideas are       
commonly an incoh]5t jumble2 & t1 if !y 
happ5 to ref] to pass+ ev5ts1 !y        
commonly rev]se _! features4 ,! att5tion
 seems to be slumb]+4 ,?us ,sir ,george 
,back told me1 t 9 ! privations :i* he  
enc\nt]$ 9 ,sir ,john ,frankl9's fir/   

exp$ition1 :5 9 fact he 0 />v+1 he      
uni=mly dream$ ( pl5tiful repa/s4 ,b 9 !
 dreams ( trance-sleep1 on ! contr>y1 ! 
impressions ( ! wak+ ?\ghts1 ! excit+   
ideas !mselves1 :i* h caus$ ! sup]v5tion
 ( trance1 are realiz$ & c>ri$ out 9 a  
consecutive tra9 ( imag9>y action4 ,!y  
are1 accord+ly1 ^u ! pati5t's awak+1    
accurately rememb]$ by him2 & t ) su*   
=ce & di/9ctness1 t if he be a fanatic  
or sup]/iti\sly incl9$1 he v likely     
falls into ! belief t ! occurr5ces he   
dream$ ( actually took place 9 8        
pres5ce4 ,a temp]ate fanatic goes no    
fur!r1 "u su* circum/ances1 ?an to ass]t
 t he has _h a vision4 ,! t]m is s good 
a "o1 t x appe>s to me wor? reta9+1 9 a 
philosophical s5se1 = ! pres5t exig5cy4 
,i propose to re/rict ! t]m vision to ! 
dreams ( p]sons 9 trance-sleep4  ,!n ( !
 ?ree diff]5t =ms ( trance-sleep1  ,i4  
,dea?-trance4--,dea?-trance is ! image (
 dea?4 ,! he>t does n act2 ! brea?+ is  
susp5d$2 ! body is motionless2 n !      
slighte/ outw>d sign ( s5sibility or    

consci\sness c be detect$4 ,! temp]ature
 ( ! body falls4 ,! entranc$ p]son has !
 appe>ance ( a corpse f :i* life has    
rec5tly dep>t$4 ,! jo9ts are commonly   
relax$1 & ! :ole frame pliable2 b x is  
likely t spasmodic rigidity =ms an      
occasional adjunct ( ?is /range         
condition4 ,s ! only means ( kn[+ :e!r  
life be /ill pres5t is to wait ! ev5t4  
,! body is to be kept 9 a w>m room1 = ! 
d\ble purpose ( promot+ decomposition if
 x be dead1 & ( pres]v+ 9 x ! vital sp>k
 if x /ill l+]2 & x %\ld be con/antly   
wat*$4 ,b %\ld e rec5tly dead body be   
made ! subject ( simil> c>e8 x is       
natural to ask4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m   
cases :]e su* c>e is positively         
unnecess>y--su*1 = in/ance1 z dea?      
foll[+ great lesions ( vital organs2 & 9
 ! great majority ( cases ( seem+ dea?1 
! b>e possibility ( ! p]si/5ce ( life   
h>dly rema9s4 ,/ill x is bett] to err on
 ! safe side4 ,& al?\gh 9 ,engl&1 f !   
high] tone ( moral feel+1 & f ! respect 
%[n to ! rema9s ( ! dead1 ! dang] ( be+ 

int]r$ alive is inconsid]able1 /ill !   
dang] c]ta9ly exi/s to a v consid]able  
degree ( be+ op5$ alive by ord] ( a     
zeal\s coron]4 ,b = ! illu/ration ( ?is 
dang]1 & examples ( ! circum/ances "u   
:i* dea?-trance has be5 kn[n to occur1 &
 ( its usual features1 ,i ref] ! read]  
back to ! second ,lett] ( ?is s]ies4    
,let me1 h[ev]1 add1 t x is n improbable
 t1 by means ( p]sons susceptible ( !   
influ5ce ( ,od1 or ( p]sons 9 induc$    
wak+-trance1 ! "q c\ld be at once decid$
 :e!r a seem+ corpse 7 really dead4  ,9 
,engl&1 dur+ ! la/ epidemic visitation (
 *ol]a1 sev]al cases ( dea?-trance      
occurr$1 9 :i* ! pati5t1 :o 0 on ! po9t 
( be+ buri$1 =tunately awoke 9 "t to be 
sav$4 ,dea?-trance1 x is probable1 is   
mu* m frequ5tly produc$ by spasmodic &  
n]v\s illness ?an by m5tal causes3 x has
 foll[$ fev]2 x has frequ5tly att5d$    
p>turition4 ,9 ?is respect x diff]s f   
o!r =ms ( trance-sleep1 :i* mo/ly1 :5   
spontane\s1 sup]v5e ^u m5tal            
impressions4  ,! only feature (         

dea?-trance :i* x rema9s = me to        
exemplify is ! occurr5ce 9 x ( visions4 
,p]haps ! foll[+ may be tak5 z an       
in/ance3--  ,h5ry ,engelbre*t1 z we le>n
 9 a pamphlet publi%$ by him 9 #afci1   
aft] an ascetic life1 dur+ :i* he _h    
exp]i5c$ s5sorial illusions1 fell into !
 deepe/ =m ( trance1 :i* he ?us         
describes3 ,9 ! ye> #afbc1 exhau/$ by   
int5se m5tal excitem5t ( a religi\s k9d1
 & by ab/95ce f food1 aft] he>+ a s]mon 
:i* /rongly affect$ him1 he felt z if he
 c\ld combat no long]2 s he gave 9 &    
took to 8 b$4 ,!re he lay a week1 )\t   
ta/+ any ?+ b ! bread & w9e ( !         
sacram5t4 ,on ! eigh? day1 he ?\ght he  
fell into ! dea?-/ruggle4 ,dea? seem$ to
 invade him f bel[ upw>ds4 ,8 body      
became to 8 feel+s rigid2 8 h&s & feet  
ins5sible2 8 tongue & lips incapable (  
motion2 gradually 8 sight fail$ him4 ,b 
he /ill he>d ! lam5ts & consultations ( 
^? ar\nd him4 ,?is gradual demise la/$ f
 mid-day till elev5 at night1 :5 he he>d
 ! wat*m54 ,!n he :olly lo/ s5sibility  

to outw>d impressions4 ,b an elaborate  
vision ( imm5se detail began2 ! !me (   
:i* 01 t he 0 fir/ c>ri$ d[n to hell1 & 
look$ into ! place ( torm5t2 f :5ce1    
aft] a "t1 quick] ?an an arr[ he 0 borne
 to ,p>adise4 ,9 ^! abodes ( suff]+ &   
happ9ess1 he saw & he>d & smelt ?+s     
unspeakable4 ,^! sc5es1 ?\gh long 9     
appreh5sion1 7 %ort 9 "t2 = he came     
en\gh to himself1 by twelve o'clock1    
aga9 to he> ! wat*m54 ,x took him ano!r 
twelve h\rs to come r\nd entirely4 ,8   
he>+ 0 fir/ re/or$2 !n 8 sight2 feel+ & 
p[] ( motion foll[$2 z soon z he c\ld   
move 8 limbs1 he rose4 ,he felt himself 
/rong] ?an be=e ! trance4  ,,ii4        
,trance-coma4--,! appe>ance ( a p]son 9 
trance-coma is t ( "o 9 pr(\nd sleep4 ,!
 brea?+ is regul>1 b extremely g5tle2 ! 
action ( ! he>t ! same2 ! frame lies    
completely relax$ & flexible1 &1 :5     
rais$1 falls 9 any po/ure1 l ! body ( "o
 j dead1 z its weight det]m9es4 ,!      
bodily temp]ature is natural4 ,!        
condition is di/+ui%able f common sleep 

by ! total ins5sibility ( ! entranc$    
p]son to all ord9>y /imulants3 besides1 
! pupil ( ! eye1 in/ead ( be+ contract$ 
to a m9ute ap]ture1 z x is 9 common     
sleep1 is usually dilat$2 at all ev5ts x
 is n contract$1 & x is fix$4  ,p]haps !
 commone/ cause ( trance-coma is hy/]ia2
 or by hy/]ia is meant a highly         
irritable /ate ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 mo/     
commonly met ) 9 "y unm>ri$ wom54 ,!re  
seems to be pres5t1 z its proximate     
cause1 an excessive n]v\s vitality2 & t 
excess1 9 its simple/ manife/ation1     
breaks out 9 fits ( sobb+ & cry+1       
alt]nat+ (t5 ) laught]--a physical      
excitem5t ( ! sy/em :i* yet fatigues &  
di/resses ! pati5t's m9d1 :o _c resi/ ! 
unacc\ntable impulses4 ,x is at ! close 
( su* a p>oxysm ( hy/]ia t trance-coma (
 a few h\rs' duration n unfrequ5tly     
sup]v5es4 ,x is almo/ a natural repose  
aft] ! prec$+ /age ( excitem5t4 ,hy/]ia1
 besides giv+ orig9 to a peculi> class (
 local ailm5ts1 is fur!r ! fruitful "m (
 mo/ v>ieties ( trance4  ,trance-coma   

sometimes sup]v5es on fev]1 & ! pati5t  
lies = h\rs or days on ! seem+ v]ge (   
dea?4 ,i h kn[n x ensue aft] mesm]ic    
practice c>ri$ to an imprud5t excess4   
,religi\s m5tal excitem5t w br+ x on4 ,9
 ! foll[+ in/ance1 :i* ,i quote f !     
,rev4 ,george ,s&by's s5sible & useful  
"w on ,mesm]ism1 ! /ate ( trance s      
sup]v5+ 0 probably trance-coma3 8,george
 ,fox1 ! celebrat$ fa!r ( ,quak]ism1 at 
"o p]iod lay 9 a trance = f\rte5 days1 &
 p came to />e & wond] at him4 ,he _h ! 
appe>ance ( a dead man2 b 8 sleep 0 full
 ( div9e visions ( beauty & glory40  ,"h
 is ano!r in/ance1 :]e9 ! prevail+ /ate 
mu/ h be5 trance-coma4 ,i quote x f !   
lett] ( an intellig5t fri5d4 ,x w help !
 read] to realize ! g5]al conception ,i 
wi% to raise 9 8 m9d3--  8,i he>d10 says
 my correspond5t1 8?r\gh ! newspap]s1 ( 
a case ( trance t5 miles f ?is place1 & 
imm$iately rode to ! village to v]ify x1
 & ga9 in=mation ab\t x4 ,) "s          
difficulty ,i p]suad$ ! "m to all[ me to
 see ! entranc$ girl4 ,h] "n is ,ann    

,crom]2 %e is daught] ( a mason at      
,f>+don ,g\rnay1 t5 miles f ,bri/ol4 ,%e
 0 ly+ 9 a /ate ( g5]al b n total       
susp5sion ( ! symptoms ( life4 ,h]      
brea?+ 0 p]ceptible by ! heav+ ( ! *e/1 
& at times %e _h utt]$ l[ groans4 ,h]   
jaws are lock$1 & %e is incapable ( !   
slighte/ movem5t1 s z to create no o!r  
wr9kle 9 h] b$-clo!s b su* z a dead     
weight w\ld produce4 ,:5 ,i saw h]1 %e  
_h n be5 mov$ = a week4 ,^u "o occasion1
 :5 ask$ to %[1 by ! pressure ( ! h&1 if
 %e felt any pa91 a slight squeeze 0    
p]ceptible4 ,a v small portion ( fluid  
is adm9i/]$ z food f "t to "t1 b ,i     
neglect$ to discov] h[4 ,h] h&s are w>m1
 & h] "m ?9ks t %e is consci\s4 ,?ree   
days be=e ,i saw h]1 %e spoke           
7incoh]5tly7 = ! fir/ "t s9ce h] trance 
comm5c$4 ,%e repeat$ ! ,"l's pray]1 &   
ask$ = an aunt2 b %e rapidly relaps$1 & 
h] lock$-jaw return$4 ,h] "m consid]$   
?is revival a sign ( approa*+ dea?4 ,!  
mo/ rem>kable feature 9 ! case is ! l5g?
 ( "t t ! girl has rema9$ entranc$4 ,%e 

0 twelve ye>s old :5 ! fit sup]v5$1 & ! 
lock$-jaw foll[$ 9 sixte5 weeks         
aft]w>ds4 ,%e is n[ tw5ty-five ye>s (   
age1 & w ?us1 9 a mon?1 if alive1 h be5 
9 ?is condition = ?irte5 ye>s4 ,9 ! mean
 :ile %e has gr[n f a *ild to a woman1  
?\gh h] c\nt5ance reta9s all ! appe>ance
 ( h] =m] age4 ,%e is little else ?an   
sk9 & bone1 except h] *eeks1 :i* are    
puffy4 ,%e is z pale z a corpse1 & h]   
eyes are sunk deep 9 ! sockets40  ,,iii4
 ,simple or ,initiatory ,trance4--,9 !  
lighte/ =m ( trance-sleep1 ! pati5t1    
?\gh p]fectly ins5sible to ord9>y       
impressions1 is n necess>ily recumb5t4  
,if he is sitt+ :5 tak51 he cont9ues    
sitt+2 if previ\sly ly+1 he w sometimes 
raise himself up :5 entranc$4 ,8 jo9ts  
are nei!r relax$ nor rigid3 if y raise 8
 arm1 or b5d ! elb[1 y exp]i5ce a little
 resi/ance2 & imm$iately aft]1 probably1
 ! limb is re/or$ to its =m] po/ure4    
,su* is ! ord9>y degree ( muscul> tone  
pres5t2 b ei!r cataleptic immobility1 or
 cato*us1 may accid5tally co-exi/ )     

initiatory trance4 ,! pati5t may ev5    
rema9 /&+ rapt 9 8 trance4 ,i quote !   
foll[+ classic in/ance f ! ,ed9burgh    
,review3--8,!re is a wond]ful /ory told 
( ,socrates4 ,be+ 9 milit>y s]vice 9 !  
exp$ition to ,potidea1 he is report$ to 
h /ood = tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e ! camp1    
root$ to ! same spot & absorb$ 9 deep   
?\ght1 8 arms fold$ & 8 eyes fix$ ^u "o 
object1 z if 8 s\l 7 abs5t f 8 body40   
,x is n my int5tion to dwell m on ?is =m
 ( trance at pres5t4 ,v>i\s cases1      
exemplify+ its v>ieties1 w be f\nd 9 !  
lett] on ,religi\s ,delusions4 ,x is !  
commone/ product ( fanatical excitem5t4 
,i h call$ ?is =m initiatory trance1    
because1 9 day-somnambulism1 x always   
prec$es ! half-wak+ :i* con/itutes t    
/ate2 & because x is ! /ate into :i*    
mesm]ic manipulators ord9>ily fir/      
plunge ! pati5t4 ,out ( ?is initiatory  
/ate ,i h se5 ! pati5t ?r[n into        
trance-coma2 b ! ord9>y progress ( !    
exp]im5t is to conduct him 9 ! o!r      
direction--t is1 t[>ds trance-wak+4     

,,lett] ,,vii4   ,,half-,,wak+ ,,trance 
,,or ,,somnambulism4--,! same ?+ )      
ord9>y  sleep-walk+--,its *>act]i/ic    
feature1 ! act+ ( a dream--,cases1  &   
disquisition4   ,a curi\s fate          
somnambulism has _h4 ,:ile o!r =ms (    
trance h be5 ei!r reject$ z fictions1 or
 conv]t$ to ! use ( sup]/ition1         
somnambulism ) all its wond]s1 be+ at   
once und5iable & famili>1 has be5 simply
 tak5 = grant$4 ,:ile h] si/]s h be5    
exalt$ into my/ical ph5om5a1 & play p>ts
 9 hi/ory1 somnambulism has _h no temple
 rais$ to h]1 has _h no fe>-wor%ip1 at !
 highe/ has be5 promot$ to figure 9 an  
op]a4 ,( a quiet & homely nature1 %e has
 mov$ ab\t ! h\se1 n l a visit+ demon1 b
 z a maid ( all "w4 ,to ! public !      
ph5om5on has pres5t$ no m int]e/ ?an a  
soap-bubble1 or ! fall ( an apple4      
,somnambulism1 z ! t]m is us$ 9 ,engl&1 
exactly compreh5ds all ! ph5om5a (      
half-wak+ trance4#e  ,footnote #e3 ,_m  
writ]s employ ! t]m somnambulism to     
d5ote indiscrim9ately sev]al =ms (      

trance1 or trance 9 g5]al4 ,i pref]     
re/rict+ x to ! peculi> class ( cases   
commonly kn[n z sleep-walk+4  ,! seizure
 mo/ly comes on dur+ common sleep4 ,b x 
may sup]v5e 9 ! daytime2 9 :i* case !   
pati5t fir/ falls into ! lighte/ =m (   
trance-sleep4 ,aft] a little1 /ill lo/  
to ?+s ar\nd him1 he manife/s "o or m ( 
?ree impulses3 "o1 to speak1 b coh]5tly 
& to a purpose2 a second1 to dress1     
rise1 & leave 8 room ) an evid5t        
int5tion ( go+ some:i!r2 a ?ird1 to     
practise "s habitual me*anical          
employm5t4 ,9 ea* case he appe>s to be  
pursu+ ! ?read ( a dream4 ,if he speaks1
 x is a connect$ disc\rse to "s end4 ,if
 he goes out to walk1 x is to a spot he 
contemplates visit+2 8 g5]al turn is to 
climb asc5ts1 hills1 or ! ro(s ( h\ses3 
9 ! latt] case he sometimes exam9es if !
 tiles are secure be=e he /eps on !m4   
,if he pursues a cu/om>y occupation1    
:e!r x be clean+ h>ness or writ+ music1 
he f9i%es 8 "w be=e he leaves x4 ,he is 
act+ a dream1 :i* is connect$ & su/a9$4 

,! att5tion is ke5ly awake 9 ?is dream1 
& fav\rs its accompli%m5t to ! utmo/4 ,9
 ! mean "t ! somnambuli/ appe>s to be   
ins5sible to ord9>y impressions1 & to   
take no cognisance ( :at is go+ on ar\nd
 him--a light maybe held s close to 8   
eyes z to s+e 8 eyebr[s )\t 8 notic+    
x--he seems nei!r to he> nor to ta/e--! 
eyelids are g5]ally clos$1 o!rwise !    
eyes are fix$ & vacant4 ,nev]!less he   
possesses "s means ( recognis+ ! objects
 :i* are implicat$ 9 8 dream2 he        
p]ceives _! place1 & walks among !m )   
p]fect precision4 ,let me n>rate "s     
in/ances4 ,! fir/1 "o (                 
day-somnambulism1 exemplifies1 at ! same
 "t1 ! transitions to full wak+1 :i*    
manife/ !mselves occasionally 9 ! talk+ 
=m ( ! trance4 ,! case is f ! ,acta     
,vratisv4 ann4 #agbb4  ,a girl1 sev5te5 
ye>s ( age1 0 us$ to fall into a k9d (  
sleep 9 ! aft]noon1 9 :i* x 0 suppos$1 f
 h] expression ( c\nt5ance & h] ge/ures1
 t %e 0 engag$ 9 dreams t int]e/$ h]4   
7,%e 0 !n 9 light trance-sleep1         

initiatory trance47 ,aft] "s days %e    
began to speak :5 9 ?is /ate4 ,!n if ^? 
pres5t address$ rem>ks to h]1 %e repli$ 
v s5sibly1 b !n fell back into h] dream 
disc\rse1 :i* turn$ pr9cipally ^u       
religi\s & moral topics1 & 0 direct$ to 
w>n h] fri5ds h[ a female %\ld          
live--,*ri/ianly1 well gov]n$1 & s z to 
incur no reproa*4 ,:5 %e sang1 :i* (t5  
happ5$1 %e he>d h]self accompani$ by an 
imag9>y viol9 or piano1 & w\ld take up &
 cont9ue ! accompanim5t ^u an in/rum5t  
h]self4 ,%e sew$1 did knitt+1 & ! l4 ,%e
 imag9$1 on "o occasion1 t %e wrote a   
lett] ^u a napk91 :i* %e fold$ = ! po/4 
,^u wak+1 %e _h n ! slighte/            
recollection ( any ?+ t _h pass$4 ,aft] 
a few mon?s %e recov]$4  ,! foll[+ case 
is f ! ,hamburgh ,zeits*rift fr die     
gesammte ,m$ic91 #ahdh3--  ,a lad (     
elev5 ye>s ( age1 at s*ool at ,t>bes1 0 
surpris$ sev]al morn+s runn+ at f9d+    
himself dress$ 9 b$1 ?\gh he _h undress$
 himself ov]night4 ,!n on ! #c;d ( ,may 
he 0 se5 by a neighb\r1 soon aft] ?ree 9

 ! morn+1 to g out dress$ ) 8 cloak &   
hat on4 ,%e call$ to him1 b he did n    
answ]2 & %e conclud$ t he 0 go+ to      
,bagnres ) 8 fa!r4 ,9 fact t 0 ! road he
 took2 & he 0 aft]w>ds se5 by sev]al    
p]sons ne> ,bagnres1 trudg+ aft] a      
c>riage4 ,x ra9$ h>d2 & !y 7 surpris$ to
 see s "y a lad travell+ at s e>ly an   
h\r2 b !y ?\ght he probably belong$ to !
 p 9 ! c>riage4 ,he rea*$ ,bagnres at   
half pa/ five1 hav+ done ! di/ance (    
five po/ leagues 9 two h\rs & a qu>t]4  
,he w5t to ! hotel ( ,m4 ,laf>gue1 :i*  
he _h on a =m] occasion visit$ ) 8 fa!r1
 & ent]$ ! eat+-room4 ,! p ( ! hotel    
address$ him4 ,he told !m t he _h come )
 8 fa!r 9 a po/-*aise1 & t !y w\ld f9d 8
 fa!r 9 ! y>d busi$ ) ! c>riage4 ,m4    
,laf>gue w5t out to look = him4 ,9 !    
mean "t ! p ( ! h\se obs]v$ t ! boy's   
rem>ks 7 incoh]5t2 s !y took (f 8 cloak 
& cap1 :5 !y f\nd t 8 eyelids 7 clos$1 &
 t he 0 fa/ asleep4 ,!y l$ him t[>ds !  
/ove1 took (f 8 wet ?+s & 8 boots )\t   
awak5+ him2 b be=e !y _h completely     

undress$ him to put him to b$ he awoke4 
,! impressions ( 8 dream did n des]t    
him4 ,he compla9$ ( hav+ _h a bad night2
 & ask$ = 8 fa!r4 ,!y told him 8 fa!r _h
 be5 oblig$ to set (f aga9 imm$iately4  
,!y put him to b$1 & he slept4 ,!y s5t  
intellig5ce to 8 fa!r1 :o came to       
,bagnres4 ,! boy believ$1 & believes    
/ill1 t he came to ,bagnres ) 8 fa!r 9 a
 *aise t 0 driv5 v sl[ly4 ,be+ ask$ :at 
he _h se5 on ! road1 he describ$ hav+   
pass$ a numb] ( monks & prie/s 9        
procession4 ,he said !re 0 "o good-look+
 "y man :o did n leave him1 b 0 always  
say+1 8,good day1 ,joseph2 ,adieu1      
,joseph40 ,he said t :at _h mo/ annoy$  
him 0 ! burn+ heat ( ! sun1 :i* 0 s     
int5se t he _h be5 oblig$ to wrap       
himself up 9 8 cloak2 t he c\ld n be>   
its bright light4  ,! foll[+ case (     
somnambulism1 alli$ ) ,/4 ,vietz's      
dance1 is giv5 by ,"l ,monboddo3--  ,!  
pati5t1 ab\t sixte5 ye>s ( age1 us$ to  
be commonly tak5 9 ! morn+ a few h\rs   
aft] ris+4 ,! approa* ( ! seizure 0     

ann\nc$ by a s5se ( weight 9 ! head &   
dr[s9ess1 :i* quickly t]m9at$ 9 sleep1  
7trance-sleep17 9 :i* h] eyes 7 fa/ %ut4
 ,%e describ$ a feel+ beg9n+ 9 ! feet1  
creep+ l a gradual *ill high] & high]1  
till x rea*$ ! he>t1 :5 consci\sness    
left h]4 ,be+ 9 ?is /ate1 %e sprang f h]
 seat ab\t ! room1 ov] tables & *airs1 )
 a/oni%+ agility4 ,!n1 if %e succe$$ 9  
gett+ out ( ! h\se1 %e ran1 at a pace ) 
:i* h] eld] bro!r c\ld h>dly keep up1 to
 a p>ticul> spot 9 ! neighb\rhood1 tak+ 
! directe/ b ! r\ghe/ pa?4 ,if %e c\ld n
 manage o!rwise1 %e got ov] ! g>d5 wall1
 ) a/oni%+ rapidity & precision (       
movem5t4 ,h] eyelids 7 all ! "t fa/     
clos$4 ,! impulse to visit ?is spot %e 0
 (t5 consci\s ( dur+ ! approa* ( !      
p>oxysm1 & aft]w>ds %e sometimes ?\ght t
 %e _h dream$ ( go+ ?i!r4 ,t[>ds !      
t]m9ation ( h] indisposition1 %e dream$ 
t ! wat] ( a neighb\r+ spr+ w\ld d h]   
good1 & %e drank mu* ( x4 ,"o "t !y tri$
 to *eat h] by giv+ h] wat] f ano!r     
spr+1 b %e imm$iately detect$ !         

diff]5ce4 ,ne> ! end1 %e =etold t %e    
w\ld h ?ree p>oxysms m1 & !n be well2 & 
s x prov$4  ,! next case is f a         
communication by ,m4 ,pigatti1 publi%$ 9
 ! ,july numb] ( ! ,j\rnal              
,encyclop$ique ( ! ye> #affb4 ,! subject
 0 a s]vant ( ! "n ( ,negretti1 9 !     
h\sehold ( ! ,m>quis ,sale4  ,9 ! ev5+  
,negretti w\ld seat himself 9 a *air 9 !
 ante-room1 :5 he commonly fell asleep1 
& w\ld sleep quietly = a qu>t] ( an h\r4
 ,he !n right$ himself 9 8 *air s z to  
sit up4 ,!n he sat "s "t )\t motion1    
look+ z if he saw some?+4 ,!n he rose & 
walk$ ab\t ! room4 ,on "o occasion he   
drew out 8 snuff-box1 & w\ld h tak5 a   
p9*1 b !re 0 little 9 x2 :]eupon he     
walk$ up to an empty *air1 &1 address+  
by "n a cavali]1 :om he suppos$ to be   
sitt+ 9 x1 ask$ him = a p9*4 ,"o ( ^? :o
 7 wat*+ ! sc5e1 "h held t[>ds him an   
op5 box1 f :i* he took snuff4 ,aft]w>d  
he fell into ! po/ure ( a p]son :o      
li/5s2 he seem$ to ?9k t he he>d an     
ord]1 & !reupon ha/5$ ) a wax c&le 9 8  

h& to a spot :]e a light usually /ood4  
,z soon z he imag9$ t he _h lit ! c&le1 
he walk$ ) x 9 ! prop] mann]1 ?r\gh !   
salle1 d[n ! /eps1 turn+ & wait+ f "t to
 "t z if he 7 light+ "s "o d[n4 ,arriv$ 
at ! door he plac$ himself sideways1 9  
ord] to let ! imag9>y p]sons pass2 & he 
b[$ z he let !m out4 ,he !n ext+ui%$ !  
light1 return$ up /airs1 & sat himself  
d[n aga9 9 8 place1 to play ! same f>ce 
once or twice ov] aga9 ! same ev5+4 ,:5 
9 ?is condition he w\ld lay !           
table-clo?1 place ! *airs1 :i* he       
sometimes br\ght f a di/ant room1 op5+ &
 %utt+ ! doors z he w5t ) exactness2    
w\ld take decant]s f ! buffet1 fill !m )
 wat] at ! spr+1 put !m d[n on a wait]1 
& s on4 ,all ! objects t 7 conc]n$ 9 ^! 
op]ations he di/+ui%$1 :5 !y 7 be=e him1
 ) ! same precision & c]ta9ty z if he _h
 be5 9 ! full use ( 8 s5ses4 ,o!rwise he
 seem$ to obs]ve no?+2 s1 on "o occasion
 9 pass+ a table1 he ?rew d[n a wait] ) 
two decant]s ^u x1 :i* fell & broke )\t 
attract+ 8 att5tion4 ,! dom9ant idea _h 

entire possession ( him4 ,he w\ld prep>e
 a salad ) correctness1 & sit d[n & eat 
x4 ,if !y *ang$ x1 ! trick escap$ 8     
notice4 ,9 ?is mann] he w\ld g on eat+  
cabbage1 or ev5 pieces ( cake1 )\t      
obs]v+ ! diff]5ce4 ,! ta/e he enjoy$ 0  
imag9>y1 ! s5se 0 %ut4 ,on ano!r        
occasion1 :5 he ask$ = w9e !y gave him  
wat]1 :i* he drank = w9e1 & rem>k$ t 8  
/oma* felt ! bett] = x4 ,on a           
fell[-s]vant t\*+ 8 legs ) a /ick1 !    
idea arose 9 8 m9d t x 0 a dog1 & he    
scold$ to drive x away2 b ! s]vant      
cont9u+ 8 game1 ,negretti took a :ip to 
beat ! dog4 ,! s]vant drew back1 :5     
,negretti began :i/l+ & coax+ to get !  
dog ne> him2 s !y ?rew a muff aga9/ 8   
legs1 :i* he belab\r$ s\ndly4  ,m4      
,pigatti wat*$ ^! proce$+s ) great      
att5tion1 & conv9c$ himself by _m       
exp]im5ts t ,negretti did n use 8 ord9>y
 s5ses4 ,he did n he> ! l\de/ s\nd :5 x 
lay out ( ! circle ( 8 dream-ideas4 ,if 
a light 0 held close to 8 eyes1 ne>     
en\gh to s+e 8 eyebr[s1 he did n appe>  

to be aw>e ( x4 ,he seem$ to feel no?+  
:5 !y ins]t$ a fea!r into 8 no/rils4    
,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ case (            
somnambulism on record is t ( a "y      
ecclesia/ic1 ! n>rative ( :i*1 f !      
imm$iate communication ( ! ,ar*bi%op (  
,bordeaux1 is giv5 "u ! head (          
,somnambulism1 9 ! ,fr5* ,encyclop$ia4  
,?is "y ecclesia/ic1 :5 ! ar*bi%op 0 at 
! same sem9>y1 us$ to rise e night1 &   
write out ei!r s]mons or pieces ( music4
 ,to /udy 8 condition1 ! ar*bi%op betook
 himself sev]al nights consecutively to 
! *amb] ( ! "y man1 :]e he made ! foll[+
 obs]vations3--  ,! "y man us$ to rise1 
take pap]1 & beg9 to write4 ,be=e writ+ 
music1 he w\ld take a /ick & rule ! l9es
 ) x4 ,he wrote ! notes1 toge!r ) !     
words correspond+ to !m1 ) p]fect       
correctness2 or :5 he _h writt5 ! words 
too wide1 he alt]$ !m4 ,! notes t 7 to  
be black he fill$ 9 aft] he _h writt5 ! 
:ole4 ,aft] complet+ a s]mon1 he w\ld   
read x al\d f beg9n+ to end4 ,if any    
passage displeas$ him1 he eras$ x1 &    

wrote ! am5d$ passage correctly ov] !   
o!r4 ,on "o occasion he _h sub/itut$ !  
^w 8adorable0 = 8div920 b he did n omit 
to alt] ! prec$+ 8ce0 into 8cet10 by    
add+ ! lett] 8t0 ) exact precision to ! 
^w fir/ writt54 ,to asc]ta9 :e!r he us$ 
8 eyes1 ! ar*bi%op int]pos$ a %eet (    
pa/ebo>d betwe5 ! writ+ & 8 face4 ,!    
somnambuli/ took n ! lea/ notice1 b w5t 
on writ+ z be=e4 ,! limitation ( 8      
p]ceptions to :at he 0 ?9k+ ab\t 0 v    
curi\s4 ,a bit ( anise$ cake1 t he _h   
s\ght =1 he ate approv+ly2 b :51 on     
ano!r occasion1 a piece ( ! same cake 0 
put into 8 m\?1 he spat x out )\t       
obs]vation4 ,! foll[+ in/ance ( !       
dep5d5ce ( 8 p]ceptions ^u 8 preconceiv$
 ideas is truly wond]ful4 ,x is to be   
obs]v$ t he always knew :5 8 p5 _h ink 9
 x4 ,likewise1 if !y adroitly *ang$ 8   
pap]s :5 he 0 writ+1 he knew x1 if !    
%eet sub/itut$ 0 ( a diff]5t size f !   
=m]1 & he appe>$ emb>rass$ 9 t case4 ,b 
if ! fre% %eet ( pap]1 :i* 0 sub/itut$ =
 t writt5 on1 0 exactly ( ! same size ) 

x1 he appe>$ n to be aw>e ( ! *ange4 ,& 
he w\ld cont9ue to read (f 8 composition
 f ! blank %eet ( pap]1 z flu5tly z :5 !
 manuscript lay be=e him2 nay m1 he w\ld
 cont9ue 8 corrections1 & introduce an  
am5d$ passage1 writ+ x ^u exactly !     
place 9 ! blank %eet correspond+ ) t :i*
 x w\ld h occupi$ on ! writt5           
page4--,su* are ! feats ( somnambuli/s4 
,at fir/ sight1 ! ph5om5a ?us exemplifi$
 appe> /range & un9telligible en\gh4 ,b 
^u a c>eful consid]ation ( !m1 mu* ( !  
m>vell\s disappe>s4 ,! mo/ curi\s       
features seem1 9 ! end1 to be really !  
lea/ des]v+ ( wond]4 ,! simple/ ( !     
ph5om5a are alone ! inexplicable ones4  
,i h1 h[ev]1 advanc$ ?is gr\p ( cases z 
in/ances ( trance1 9 :i*1 !re=e1 ,i     
assume t an abnormal relation exi/s     
betwe5 ! m9d & body1 9 :i* ! organs (   
s5sation are p>tially or entirely des]t$
 by _! functions1 & 9 :i* new p]ceptive 
p[]s manife/ !mselves4 ,!n an oppon5t   
might argue3--  8,i "k no?+ ab\t y\r    
trance4 ,:at ,i see is fir/ a p]son     

asleep1 !n ! same p]son half or p>tially
 awake1 occupi$ ) a dream or vivid      
conception ( an action2 :i*1 be+        
p>tially awake1 & !re=e hav+ p>tially   
resum$ 8 p[] ( att5tion1 he is capable (
 realiz+4 ,he appe>s to be ins5sible2 b 
?is may be deceptive2 = he is /ill      
asleep1 & !re=e notices n ?+s ar\nd him2
 & 8 att5tion is p>tly /ill susp5d$ z 9 
sleep1 p>tly m useless /ill = g5]al     
purposes ?r\gh int5t preoccupation4     
8,he goes ab\t ! h\se 9 8 rapt /ate1 &  
f9ds 8 way p]fectly2 b ! h\se is famili>
 to him2 e ?+ 9 x is di/9ctly be=e 8    
conception2 he has1 too1 ! advantage (  
p]fect confid5ce2 & besides1 be+        
p>tially awake1 he p>tially1 vaguely    
p]haps1 uses cu/om>y s5sations 9 ref]5ce
 to ! objects :i* 8 dream contemplates 8
 meet+4  8,! ecclesia/ic1 inde$1 seems  
at fir/ to see ?r\gh a %eet ( pa/ebo>d4 
,b ! conclud+ int]e/+ fact 9 8 case %[s 
t he really us$ 8 p]ception only to     
id5tify ! size & place ( ! %eet ( pap]4 
,8 writ+ ^u x 0 ! me*anical transcript (

 an act ( m5tal p5man%ip4 ,! corrections
 fell into ! "r places ^u ! pap]1 ow+ to
 ! fidelity ) :i* he reta9$ ! m5tal     
picture4 ,! cle>ness & vividness ( !    
picture1 aga91 is n s v surpris+1 :5 x  
is consid]$ t ! att5tion 0 :olly &      
exclusively conc5trat$ on t "o          
op]ation40  ,! obs]vations ( my imag9>y 
oppon5t might suffici5tly acc\nt = ! m  
/rik+ ph5om5a 9 ! prec$+ cases1 & are   
d\btless ne> ! tru? z reg>ds ! pr9cipal 
p>ts ( ! "y ecclesia/ic's p]=mance4     
,/ill !re rema9s ! common] in/ance ( !  
lad go+ ab\t ) precision ) 8 eyes %ut4  
,i see no mode ( acc\nt+ = t on common  
pr9ciples4  ,& besides1 x may be presum$
 t1 if m decisive exp]im5ts z to _!     
s5sibility _h be5 made ^u all ^!        
subjects1 !y w\ld h be5 f\nd really )\t 
sight & feel+4 ,=1 9 g5]al "*1 p]sons 9 
somnambulism exactly resemble o!r       
entranc$ p]sons1 :o c]ta9ly feel no?+2 =
 !y h borne ! mo/ pa9ful surgical       
op]ations )\t ! smalle/ indication (    
suff]+4 ,s ,i h little d\bt t !         

ins5sibility1 :i* ! obs]v]s imput$ to ! 
somnambuli/s1 really exi/$1 al?\gh !y   
may h fail$ to e/abli% ! fact by        
positive evid5ce4  ,! "q z to !         
developm5t ( a new p[] ( p]ception1 su* 
z ,i conjecture ! lad us$ 9 8 walk f    
,t>bes to ,bagnres1 w be f\nd to be     
resolv$1 or1 at any rate1 to be att5d$ )
 no !oretical difficulties1 :5 !        
p]=mances ( full-wak+ 9 trance1 :i* ,i  
propose to describe 9 ! next lett]1 %all
 h be5 laid be=e ! read]4     ,,lett]   
,,viii4   ,,trance-,,wak+4--,in/ances ( 
its spontane\s occurr5ce 9 ! =m  (      
catalepsy--,analysis ( catalepsy--,its  
?ree elem5ts3 d\ble  consci\sness1 or   
pure wak+-trance2 ! spasmodic seizure2 !
  new m5tal p[]s display$--,cases       
exemplify+ catalepsy--,o!r  cases       
unatt5d$ ) spasm1 b ( spontane\s        
occurr5ce1 9  :i* new m5tal p[]s 7      
manife/$--,oracles ( antiquity--,animal 
in/9ct--,intuition4   ,"u ?is head are  
conta9$ ! mo/ m>vell\s ph5om5a :i* ev]  
came z a gr\p ( facts 9 natural         

philosophy be=e ! _w2 & !y are rea*+ t  
/age t[>ds g5]al reception :5 _! effect 
is mo/ vivid & /rik+4 ,five-&-tw5ty ye>s
 ago no "o 9 ,engl& dream$ ( believ+ !m1
 al?\gh ! same positive evid5ce ( _!    
g5u95ess !n exi/$ z n[4 ,five-&-tw5ty   
ye>s h5ce ! same facts w be matt]s (    
famili> k4 ,x is j at ! pres5t mom5t 7or
 am ,i anticipat+ ! m>* ( op9ion by half
 a c5tury87 t _! diff]5ce1 & di/9ctness1
 & abhorr5ce ev51 f our previ\s         
conceptions are mo/ int5sely felt2 & t !
 p[]s :i* !y promise ev5tually to place 
)9 human control excite our             
irrepressible wond]4  ,i %all n>rate !  
facts :i* loom s l>ge 9 ! dawn+ light1 v
 simply & briefly1 z !y are manife/$ 9  
catalepsy4  ,an un9=m$ p]son be+ 9 !    
room ) a cataleptic pati5t1 w\ld at fir/
 suppose h]1 putt+ aside ! spasmodic    
affection ( ! body1 to be simply awake 9
 ! ord9>y way4 ,by-&-by h] new p[]s     
might or might n cat* 8 obs]vation4 ,b a
 ?ird po9t w\ld c]ta9ly escape 8 notice4
 ,i ref] to h] m5tal /ate ( wak+ trance1

 :i* gives1 z x 71 ! local col\r+ to !  
:ole p]=mance4  ,to elucidate ?is       
elem5t1 ,i may avail myself ( a sket*   
ready prep>$ by nature1 t9t$ ) ! local  
col\r alone--! case ( simple            
trance-wak+1 unatt5d$ by fits or by any 
m>vell\s p[]s1 z f> z x has be5 yet     
obs]v$1 :i* is kn[n to physicians "u !  
"n ( d\ble consci\sness4  ,a s+le fit ( 
! disord] pres5ts ! foll[+ features3--,!
 "y p]son 7= ! pati5t is mo/ frequ5tly a
 girl7 seems to lose h]self = a mom5t or
 long]1 !n %e recov]s1 & seems to be    
h]self aga94 ,! int]v5+ %ort p]iod1     
long] at fir/1 & by use r5d]$ brief] &  
brief]1 is a p]iod ( common initiatory  
trance4 ,:51 hav+ lo/1 ! pati5t ?us f9ds
 h]self aga91 !re is no?+ 9 h] behavi\r 
:i* w\ld lead a /rang] to suppose h] o!r
 ?an naturally awake4 ,b h] fri5ds      
obs]ve t %e n[ does e ?+ ) m _s & bett] 
?an be=e--s+s bett]1 plays bett]1 has m 
read9ess1 moves ev5 m gracefully1 ?an 9 
h] usual /ate4 ,%e manife/s an innoc5t  
boldness & disreg>d ( little            

conv5tionalisms1 :i* imp>t a peculi> *>m
 to h] behavi\r4 ,h] mode ( speak+ is   
p]haps some?+ alt]$2 a sup]num]>y       
consonant mak+ its undue appe>ance1 b ^u
 a regul> law1 9 c]ta9 syllables4 ,b !  
mo/ /rik+ ?+ is1 t %e has totally =gott5
 all t has pass$ dur+ ! morn+4 ,inquire 
:at h] la/ recollections are1 !y leave  
(f ) ! t]m9ation ( h] la/ fit ( ?is k9d2
 ! int]v5+ p]iod is = ! pres5t lo/ to   
h]4 ,%e 0 9 h] natural /ate ( wak+ :5 ,i
 introduc$ h] to y\r notice2 %e lo/     
h]self = a few seconds1 f\nd h]self     
aga92 b f\nd h]self n 9 h] natural tra9 
( recollections1 b 9 ^? ( ! la/ fit4    
,^! fits occur sometimes at irregul>    
int]vals1 sometimes p]iodically & daily4
 ,9 h] ord9>y wak+ /ate1 %e has h] *a9 (
 wak+ recollections4 ,9 h] trance-wak+  
/ate1 %e has h] *a9 ( trance-wak+       
recollections4 ,! two are kept /rictly  
ap>t4 ,h5ce ! ill-*os5 t]m1             
d\ble-consci\sness4 ,s at ! occurr5ce ( 
h] fir/ fit1 h] m5tal exi/5ce may be    
said to h bifurcat$ into two sep>ate    

r\tes1 9 ei!r ( :i* h] be+ is alt]nately
 pass$4 ,x is curi\s to /udy1 at !      
comm5cem5t ( su* a case1 ) h[ mu* k     
d]iv$ f h] pa/ life ! pati5t emb>ks on  
h] trance-exi/5ce4 ,! numb] ( previ\sly 
realiz$ ideas reta9$ by diff]5t pati5ts 
at ! fir/ fit is v v>i\s4 ,x has happ5$ 
t ! memory ( facts & p]sons has be5 s   
defective t ! pati5t has _h to le>n ev5 
to "k & to love h] p>5ts4 ,to mo/ ( h]  
acqua9tances %e is obs]v$ to give new   
names1 :i* %e uses to !m 9 ! trance-/ate
 alone4 ,b h] habits rema92 h] usual    
propriety ( conduct3 ! m9d is s+ul>ly   
pure 9 trance4 ,& %e v quickly picks up 
=m] ideas1 & re/ores =m] intimacies1 b  
on a suppos$ new foot+4 ,to complete ?is
 curi\s hi/ory1 if ! fits ( trance recur
 frequ5tly1 & ?r\gh "s accid5tal        
circum/ance are m & m prolong$ 9        
duration1 s t mo/ ( h] wak+ exi/5ce is  
pass$ 9 trance1 x w foll[ t !           
trance-developm5t ( h] intellect & "*   
may get ahead ( _! developm5t 9 h]      
natural wak+4 ,be+ told ?is1 %e may     

become anxi\s to cont9ue always 9 h]    
entranc$ /ate1 & to drop ! o!r3 & ,i    
knew a case 9 :i* circum/ances fav\r$   
?is f9al arrangem5t1 & ! pati5t at la/  
reta9$ h] trance-recollections alone1 f 
long cont9uance 9 t /ate hav+ made x1 z 
x 71 h] natural "o4 ,h] only fe> 0--= %e
 _h gradually le>n$ h] own m5tal hi/ory1
 z %e express$ x to me--t "s day %e %\ld
 ( a sudd5 f9d h]self a *ild aga91 ?r[n 
back to ! po9t at :i* %e ceas$ h] fir/  
ord] ( recollections4 ,?is is1 inde$1 a 
v extreme & mon/r\s case4 ,ord9>ily1 !  
recurr5ce ( fits ( simple trance-wak+   
does n ext5d ov] a long] p]iod ?an ?ree 
or f\r mon?s or half a ye>1 aft] :i* !y 
nev] reappe>2 & h] trance acquirem5ts & 
feel+s are lo/ to ! pati5t's            
recollection = good4 ,i w cite a case1 z
 x 0 communicat$ to me by ,dr4 ,g4      
,b>l[1 exemplify+ "s ( ! po9ts ( !      
prec$+ /atem5t4  8,?is "y lady has two  
/ates ( exi/5ce4 ,dur+ ! "t t ! fit is  
on h]1 :i* v>ies f a few h\rs to ?ree   
days1 %e is occasionally m]ry & 9       

spirits2 occasionally %e appe>s 9 pa91 &
 rolls ab\t 9 uneas9ess2 b 9 g5]al %e   
seems s mu* h]self1 t a /rang] ent]+ !  
room w\ld n rem>k any ?+ extraord9>y3 %e
 amuses h]self ) read+ or work+1        
sometimes plays on ! piano--& bett] ?an 
at o!r times--kn[s e body1 & conv]ses   
rationally1 & makes v accurate          
obs]vations on :at %e has se5 & read4 ,!
 fit leaves h] sudd5ly1 & %e !n =gets e 
?+ t has pass$ dur+ x1 & imag9es t %e   
has be5 asleep1 & sometimes t %e has    
dream$ ( any circum/ance t has made a   
vivid impression ^u h]4 ,dur+ "o ( ^!   
fits %e 0 read+ ,miss ,edgewor?'s       
,tales1 & _h 9 ! morn+ be5 read+ a "p ( 
"o ( !m to h] "m1 :5 %e w5t = a few     
m9utes to ! w9d[1 & sudd5ly exclaim$1   
8,mamma1 ,i am q well1 my heada*e is    
gone40 ,return+ to ! table1 %e took up !
 op5 volume1 :i* %e _h be5 read+ five   
m9utes be=e1 & said1 8,:at book is ?is80
 ,%e turn$ ov] ! leaves1 look$ at !     
frontispiece1 & replac$ x on ! table4   
,sev5 or eight h\rs aft]w>ds1 :5 ! fit  

return$1 %e ask$ = ! book1 w5t on at ! v
 p>agraph :]e %e _h left (f1 & rememb]$ 
e circum/ance ( ! n>rative4 ,& s x      
always is2 %e reads "o set ( books dur+ 
"o /ate1 & ano!r dur+ ! o!r4 ,%e seems  
to be consci\s ( h] /ate2 = %e said "o  
day1 8,mamma1 ?is is a novel1 b ,i may  
safely read x2 x w n hurt my morals1 =1 
:5 ,i am well1 ,i %all n rememb] a ^w ( 
x400  ,to =m a j idea ( a case (        
catalepsy1 ! read] has to imag9e su* a  
case z ,i h j in/anc$1 ) ! physical     
feature add$1 t ! pati5t1 :5 entranc$1  
is motionless & fix$ z a /atue2 !       
spasmodic /ate1 h[ev]1 n conf9+ itself  
closely to "o type1 b runn+ into        
cato*us1 or into p>tial rigid spasm1 or 
into convulsive seizures1 7see ,lett]   
,v47 caprici\sly4  ,! psy*ical ph5om5a  
exhibit$ by ! pati5t :5 ?us entranc$1   
are ! foll[+3--  #a4 ,! organs (        
s5sation are des]t$ by _! natural       
s5sibility4 ,! pati5t nei!r feels ) !   
sk91 nor sees ) ! eyes1 nor he>s ) !    
e>s1 nor ta/es ) ! m\?4  #b4 ,all ^!    

s5ses1 h[ev]1 are n lo/4 ,sight & he>+1 
if n smell & ta/e1 reappe> 9 "s o!r     
"p--at ! pit ( ! /oma*1 = in/ance1 or ! 
tips ( ! f+]s4  #c4 ,! pati5t manife/s  
new p]ceptive p[]s4 ,%e disc]ns objects 
all ar\nd h]1 & ?r\gh any ob/ructions1  
p>titions1 walls or h\ses1 & at an      
indef9ite di/ance4 ,%e sees h] own      
inside1 z x 71 illum9at$1 & c tell :at  
is wrong 9 ! heal? ( o!rs4 ,%e reads !  
?\ghts ( o!rs1 :e!r pres5t or at        
indef9ite di/ances4 ,! ord9>y ob/acles (
 space & matt] vani% to h]4 ,s likewise 
t ( "t2 %e =esees future ev5ts4  ,su* & 
m are ! capabilities ( cataleptic       
pati5ts1 mo/ ( :om exhibit !m all--b !re
 is "s caprice 9 _! manife/ation4  ,i   
fir/ resign$ myself to ! belief t su*   
/atem5ts z ! above might be true1 ^u be+
 %[n by ! late ,mr4 ,bulteel lett]s f an
 em95t prov9cial physician 9 ! ye>      
#ahch1 describ+ ph5om5a ( ?is           
description 9 a pati5t ! latt] 0 att5d+4
 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahci1 ,mr4 ,bulteel told  
me t he _h himself 9 ! int]im (t5 se5 ! 

pati5t1 :o _h all[$ him to te/ 9 any way
 he pleas$ ! reality ( ! faculties %e   
possess$ :5 entranc$4 ,z usual1 9 ! h\rs
 :i* %e pass$ daily 9 h] natural /ate1  
%e _h no recollection ( h] extraord9>y  
trance p]=mances4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( !  
facts1 :i* ,mr4 ,bulteel told me he _h  
himself v]ifi$4  ,:5 entranc$1 !        
pati5t's expression ( c\nt5ance 0       
slightly alt]$1 & !re 0 "s peculi>ity 9 
h] mode ( speak+4 ,to ea* ( h] fri5ds %e
 _h giv5 a new "n1 :i* %e us$ only :5 9 
! /ate ( trance4 ,%e c\ld read ) h] sk94
 ,if %e press$ ! palm ( h] h& aga9/ !   
:ole surface ( a pr9t$ or writt5 page   
delib]ately1 z x 71 to take (f an       
impression1 %e became acqua9t$ v]bally )
 its cont5ts1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( criticis+
 ! type or ! h&writ+4 ,"o day1 aft] a   
rem>k made to put h] (f h] gu>d1 a l9e (
 a fold$ note 0 press$ aga9/ ! back ( h]
 neck2 %e _h read x4 ,%e call$ ?is      
s5se-feel+--contact 0 necess>y = its    
manife/ation4 ,b %e _h a g5]al p]ceptive
 p[] besides4 ,%e us$ to tell t p]sons1 

:om %e knew1 7 com+ to ! h\se1 :5 !y 7  
yet at "s di/ance4 ,p]sons sitt+ 9 !    
room ) h] play+ *ess1 to :om h] back 0  
turn$1 if !y made int5tionally false    
moves1 %e w\ld ask !m :at !y possibly   
c\ld d t =4  ,! next ?ree cases :i* ,i  
%all describe are f a memoir on         
catalepsy 7#aghg7 by ,dr4 ,petet91 an   
em95t civil & milit>y physician at      
,lyons4  ,m4 ,petet9 att5d$ a "y m>ri$  
lady 9 a sort ( fit4 ,%e lay seem+ly    
unconsci\s2 :5 he rais$ h] arm1 x rema9$
 9 ! air :]e he plac$ x4 ,be+ put to b$1
 %e comm5c$ s++4 ,to /op h]1 ! doctor   
plac$ h] limbs ea* 9 a diff]5t position4
 ,?is emb>rass$ h] consid]ably1 b %e w5t
 on s++4 ,%e seem$ p]fectly ins5sible4  
,p9*+ ! sk91 %\t+ 9 h] e>1 no?+ ar\s$ h]
 att5tion4 ,!n x happ5$ t1 9 arrang+ h]1
 ! doctor's foot slipp$2 &1 z he recov]$
 himself1 half lean+ ov] h]1 he said1   
8,h[ provok+ we c't make h] leave (f    
s++60 8,ah1 doctor10 %e cri$1 8don't be 
angry6 ,i won't s+ any m10 & %e /opp$4  
,b %ortly %e began aga92 & 9 va9 did !  

doctor implore h]1 by ! l\de/           
entreaties1 address$ to h] e>1 to keep  
h] promise & desi/4 ,x !n occurr$ to him
 to place himself 9 ! same position z :5
 %e he>d him be=e4 ,he rais$ ! b$-clo!s1
 b5t 8 head t[>ds h] /oma*1 & said1 9 a 
l\d voice1 8,d y1 !n1 mean to s+ = ev]80
 8,oh1 :at pa9 y h giv5 me60 %e         
exclaim$2 8,i implore y speak l[]40 ,at 
! same "t %e pass$ h] h& ov] ! pit ( h] 
/oma*4 8,9 :at way1 !n1 d y he>80 said  
,dr4 ,petet94 8,l any "o else10 0 !     
answ]4 8,b ,i am speak+ to y\r /oma*40  
8,is x possible60 %e said4 ,he !n tri$  
aga9 :e!r %e c\ld he> ) h] e>s1 speak+  
ev5 ?r\gh a tube to aggravate 8         
voice--%e he>d no?+4 ,on 8 ask+ h]1 at !
 pit ( h] /oma*1 if %e _h n he>d        
him1--8,no10 said %e1 8,i am inde$      
un=tunate40  ,a cognate ph5om5on to !   
above is ! conv]sion ( ! pati5t's new   
s5se ( vision 9 a direction inw>ds4 ,he 
looks into himself1 & sees 8 own inside 
z x 7 illum9at$ or transfigur$3 t is to 
say1 8 visual p[] is turn$ inw>ds1 & he 

sees 8 organs possibly by ! ,od-light !y
 give out4  ,a few days aft] ! sc5es j  
describ$1 ,dr4 ,petet9's pati5t _h ano!r
 attack ( catalepsy4 ,%e /ill he>d at ! 
pit ( h] /oma*1 b ! mann] ( he>+ 0      
modifi$4 ,9 ! mean "t h] c\nt5ance      
express$ a/oni%m5t4 ,dr4 ,petet9 inquir$
 ! cause4 8,x is n difficult10 %e       
answ]$1 8to expla9 to y :y ,i look      
a/oni%$4 ,i am s++1 doctor1 to div]t my 
att5tion f a sight :i* appals me4 ,i see
 my inside1 & ! /range =ms ( ! organs1  
surr\nd$ ) a network ( light4 ,my       
c\nt5ance mu/ express :at ,i            
feel--a/oni%m5t & fe>4 ,a physician :o  
%\ld h my compla9t = a qu>t] ( an h\r   
w\ld ?9k himself =tunate1 z nature w\ld 
reveal all h] secrets to him4 ,if he 0  
devot$ to 8 pr(ession1 he w\ld n1 z ,i  
d1 desire to be quickly well40 8,d y see
 y\r he>t80 ask$ ,dr4 ,petet94 8,yes1   
!re x is2 x beats at twice1 ! two sides 
9 agreem5t2 :5 ! upp] "p contracts1 !   
l[] "p swells1 & imm$iately aft] t      
contracts4 ,! blood ru%es out all       

lum9\s1 & issues by two great vessels1  
:i* are b a little ap>t40  ,"o morn+ 7to
 quote f ! latt] "p ( ?is case7 ! access
 ( ! fit took place1 accord+ to cu/om1  
at eight o'clock4 ,petet9 arriv$ lat]   
?an usual2 he ann\nc$ himself by speak+ 
to ! f+]s ( ! pati5t1 7by :i* he 0      
he>d47 8,y are a v lazy p]son ?is morn+1
 doctor10 said %e4 8,x is true1 madam2 b
 if y knew ! reason1 y w\ld n reproa*   
me40 8,ah10 said %e1 8,i p]ceive y h _h 
a heada*e = ! la/ f\r h\rs3 x w n leave 
y till six 9 ! ev5+4 ,y are "r to take  
no?+2 no human means c prev5t x runn+   
its c\rse40 8,c y tell me on :i* side is
 ! pa980 said ,petet94 8,on ! "r side2 x
 occupies ! temple1 ! eye1 ! tee?3 ,i   
w>n y t x w invade ! left eye1 & t y w  
suff] consid]ably betwe5 ?ree & f\r     
o'clock2 at six y w be free f pa940 ,!  
pr$iction came out lit]ally true4 8,if y
 wi% me to believe y1 y mu/ tell me :at 
,i hold 9 my h&40 8,i see ?r\gh y\r h&  
an antique m$al40  ,petet9 inquir$ ( 8  
pati5t at :at h\r h] own fit w\ld cease3

 8,at elev540 8,& ! ev5+ accession--:5 w
 x come on80 8,at sev5 o'clock40 8,9 t  
case x w be lat] ?an usual40 8,x is     
true2 ! p]iods ( its recurr5ce are go+  
to *ange to s & s40 ,dur+ ?is           
conv]sation1 ! pati5t's c\nt5ance       
express$ annoyance4 ,%e !n said to ,m4  
,petet91 8,my uncle has j ent]$2 he is  
conv]s+ ) my husb& beh9d ! scre52 8     
visit w fatigue me2 beg him to g away40 
,! uncle1 leav+1 took ) him by mi/ake h]
 husb&'s cloak1 :i* %e p]ceiv$1 & s5t h]
 si/]-9-law to reclaim x4  ,9 ! ev5+ !re
 7 assembl$1 9 ! lady's ap>tm5t1 a good 
numb] ( h] relations & fri5ds4 ,petet9  
_h1 int5tionally1 plac$ a lett] )9 8    
wai/coat1 on 8 he>t4 ,he begg$          
p]mission1 on arriv+1 to we> 8 cloak4   
,sc>cely _h ! lady1 ! access hav+ come  
on1 fall5 into trance1 :5 %e said--8,&  
h[ long1 doctor1 has x come into fa%ion 
to we> lett]s next ! he>t80 ,petet9     
pret5d$ to d5y ! fact3 %e insi/$ on h]  
correctness2 &1 rais+ h] h&s1 designat$ 
! size1 & indicat$ exactly ! place ( !  

lett]4 ,petet9 drew =? ! lett]1 & held  
x1 clos$1 to ! f+]s ( ! pati5t4 8,if ,i 
7 n a discreet p]son10 %e said1 8,i %\ld
 tell ! cont5ts2 b to %[ y t ,i "k !m1  
!y =m exactly two l9es & a-half (       
writ+20 :i*1 on op5+ ! lett]1 0 %[n to  
be ! fact4  ,a fri5d ( ! family1 :o 0   
pres5t1 took out 8 purse1 & put x 9 ,dr4
 ,petet9's bosom1 & fold$ 8 cloak ov] 8 
*e/4 ,z soon z ,petet9 approa*$ 8       
pati5t1 %e told him t he _h ! purse1 &  
nam$ its exact cont5ts4 ,%e !n gave an  
inv5tory ( ! cont5ts ( ! pockets ( all  
pres5t1 add+ "s po9t$ rem>k :5 !        
opportunity (f]$4 ,%e said to h]        
si/]-9-law t ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ 9 h]      
possession 0 a lett]2--mu* to h]        
surprise1 = %e _h receiv$ ! lett] ! same
 ev5+1 & _h m5tion$ x to no "o4  ,!     
pati5t1 9 ! mean "t1 lo/ /r5g? daily1 & 
c\ld take no food4 ,! means employ$     
fail$ ( giv+ h] relief1 & x nev] occurr$
 to ,m4 ,petet9 to inquire ( h] h[ he   
%\ld treat h]4 ,at l5g?1 ) "s vague idea
 t %e suff]$ f too great electric t5sion

 ( ! bra91 he tri$1 fanta/ically en\gh1 
! effect ( mak+ deep inspirations1 /&+  
close 9 front ( ! pati5t4 ,no effect    
foll[$ f ?is absurd proce$+4 ,!n he     
plac$ "o h& on ! =ehead1 ! o!r on ! pit 
( ! /oma* ( ! pati5t1 & cont9u$ 8       
inspirations4 ,! pati5t n[ op5$ h] eyes2
 h] features lo/ _! fix$ look2 %e ralli$
 rapidly f ! fit1 :i* la/$ b a few      
m9utes in/ead ( ! usual p]iod ( two h\rs
 m4 ,9 eight days1 "u a pursuance ( ?is 
treatm5t1 %e entirely recov]$ f h] fits1
 & ) !m ceas$ h] extraord9>y p[]s4 ,b1  
dur+ ^! eight days1 h] p[]s manife/$ a  
/ill great] ext5sion2 %e =etold :at 0   
go+ to happ5 to h]2 %e discuss$ )       
a/oni%+ subtlety1 que/ions ( m5tal      
philosophy & physiology2 %e caught :at  
^? ar\nd h] meant to say be=e !y        
express$ _! wi%es1 & ei!r did :at !y    
desir$1 or begg$ t !y w\ld n ask h] to d
 :at 0 beyond h] /r5g?4  ,a "y lady1    
aft] mu* al>m dur+ a revolution>y riot1 
fell into catalepsy4 ,9 h] fits %e      
appe>$ to he> ) ! pit ( ! /oma*2 & mo/ (

 ! ph5om5a describ$ 9 ! prec$+ case 7   
aga9 manife/$4 ,%e improv$ 9 heal?1 "u !
 c>e ( ,dr4 ,petet91 up to ! #bi? (     
,may1 #agij1 ! memorable day :5 !       
inhabitants ( ,lyons expell$ ! wret*es  
:o 7 mak+ sport ( _! =tunes1 _!         
lib]ties1 & _! lives4 ,at ! report ( !  
fir/ cannon fir$1 ,mdlle4 ---- fell into
 viol5t convulsions1 foll[$ by catalepsy
 & tetanus4 ,:5 9 ?is /ate %e disc]n$   
,petet9 di/+ui%+ himself "u ! fire ( a  
batt]y2 & %e blam$ him ! foll[+ day =   
hav+ s ra%ly expos$ 8 life4 ,9 !        
progress ( ! compla9t1 dur+ ! attacks ( 
catalepsy1 ! occurr5ces ( :i* %e exactly
 =esaw1 %e likewise pr$ict$ ! bloody day
 ( ! #bi? ( ,septemb]1 ! surr5d] ( !    
city on ! #g? ( ,octob]1 ! entrance ( ! 
republican troops on ! #h?1 & ! cruel   
proscriptions issu$ by ! ,committee (   
,public ,safety4  ,! ?ird case giv5 by  
,petet9 is t ( ,madame de ,sa9t ,paul1  
:o 0 attack$ ) catalepsy a few days aft]
 h] m>riage1 9 consequ5ce ( see+ h] fa!r
 fall d[n 9 a fit ( apoplexy at table4  

,! g5]al features ( h] lucidity are !   
same z 9 ! =m] cases4 ,i %all1 !re=e1   
cont5t myself ) quot+ "s obs]vations    
made by ,dr4 ,pro/1 au?or ( ,la ,mdec9e 
claire p> l',obs]vation et l',anatomie  
pa?ologique1 on ! au?ority ( ,dr4       
,foissac1 to :om he communicat$ !m4 ,dr4
 ,pro/ _h /udi$ ?is case assidu\sly dur+
 n9e mon?s4 8,h] intellectual           
faculties10 obs]v$ ,dr4 ,pro/1 8acquir$ 
a great activity1 & ! ri*ness ( h] fancy
 made itself rem>k$ 9 ! picturesque     
images :i* %e ?rew into h] descriptions4
 ,z %e 0 tell+ h] fri5ds ( an approa*+  
attack ( catalepsy1 sudd5ly %e          
exclaim$1--#8,i no long] see or he>     
objects 9 ! same mann]2 e ?+ is         
transp>5t r\nd me1 & my obs]vation      
ext5ds to incalculable di/ances4' ,%e   
designat$1 )\t an error1 ! p :o 7 on !  
public prom5ade1 :e!r ne> ! h\se1 or    
/ill a qu>t] ( an h\r's walk di/ant4 ,%e
 read ! ?\ghts ( e "o :o came ne> h]2 %e
 m>k$ ^? :o 7 false & vici\s2 & repell$ 
! approa* ( /upid p1 :o bor$ h] ) _!    

que/ions & aggravat$ h] malady4 #8,j z  
mu* z _! pates excite my pity1' said %e1
 d ! heads ( m5 ( in=mation &           
intellig5ce1 all ^: ?\ghts ,i look into1
 fill me ) delight4'0  ,! foll[+ facts  
,i cite corroboratively1 f "o ( sev]al  
cases ( hy/]ia communicat$ by ,dr4      
,delpit1 inspect+ physician ( ! wat]s at
 ,b>ges4--7,biblio!que ,mdicale1 t4 lvi4
 p4 #cjh47  ,mdlle4 ,v----1 ag$ ?irte51 
aft] see+ ! cur adm9i/] extreme unction1
 fa9t$ away4 ,!re foll[$ extreme disgu/ 
t[>ds food4 ,dur+ eighte5 days %e nei!r 
ate nor drank2 !re 0 no secretion2 h]   
brea?+ rema9$ tranquil & regul>2 !      
pati5t pres]v$ h] embonpo9t &           
complexion4 ,dur+ ?is complete susp5sion
 ( ! functions ( dige/ion1 ! organs (   
s5sation w\ld be alt]nately p>alyz$4 ,"o
 day ! pati5t became bl9d2 on ! next1 %e
 c\ld see1 b c\ld n he>2 ano!r day %e   
lo/ h] spee*4 ,! mutations 7 notic$     
g5]ally 9 ! night1 ^u h] wak+ out (     
sleep4 8,nev]!less10 says ,m4 ,delpit1  
8h] intellect pres]v$ all its vivacity &

 =ce1 &1 dur+ ! palsy ( ! organs (      
s5sation1 nature suppli$ ! loss 9 ano!r 
way2 :51 ) h] eyes1 ,mdlle4 ,c>ol9e c\ld
 n di/+ui% light1 %e yet read1 & read   
di/9ctly1 by c>ry+ h] f+]s ov] ! lett]s4
 ,i h made h] ?us read1 9 ! daytime & 9 
! pr(\nde/ d>kness1 ei!r pr9t$ pages out
 ( ! fir/ book t came to h&1 or writt5  
passages t ,i _h previ\sly prep>$40 ,9  
?is1 ! alt]nation ( diff]5t /ates (     
recollections is n describ$ z hav+ be5  
obs]v$4 ,b ,i h little d\bt t d\ble     
consci\sness 0 really pres5t4 ,i believe
 t feature to be ess5tial to wak+       
trance4 ,i h little d\bt1 likewise1 t   
d\ble consci\sness is att5d$ by m or    
less trance-p]ception4 ,! co-exi/5ce (  
spasm1 necess>y to con/itute ! case "o (
 catalepsy1 is accid5tal4  ,s5sorial    
illusions occasionally occur 9          
catalepsy1 b n frequ5tly2 !y are common]
 9 ! inf]ior grades ( trance4 ,! daimon 
( ,socrates 01 no d\bt1 a halluc9ation (
 ?is k9d4  ,! trance-daimon1 or s5sorial
 illusion mix+ itself ) trance1 is      

exemplifi$ 9 ! foll[+ case ( catalepsy1 
:i* occurr$ 9 ! p]son ( ! adopt$ daught]
 ( ! ,b>on de ,/rombeck4  ,besides !    
ord9>y features1 on :i* ,i w n aga9     
dwell1 at "o "t x 0 h] cu/om to apply to
 an imag9>y be+ = directions z to !     
treatm5t ( h] own case4 ,subsequ5tly1 %e
 "o day obs]v$--8,x is n a phantom2 ,i 0
 9 error 9 ?9k+ x s2 x is a voice :i*   
speaks )9 me1 & :i* ,i ?9k )\t me4 ,?is 
app>ition comes because my sleep is less
 p]fect4 ,9 t case1 ,i seem to see a    
:ite cl\d rise out ( ! e>?1 f :i* a     
voice issues1 ! e*o ( :i* rev]b]ates )9 
me40  ,?is pati5t _h qu9tuple           
consci\sness1 or f\r morbid /ates1 ea* (
 :i* kept its own recollections to      
itself4  ,a f9al case ,i w quote1 !     
au?ority ( :i* is ! ,b>on de ,=tis4 ,x 0
 treat$ by ,dr4 ,desp9e (               
,aix-les-,ba9s4  ,! pati5t _h _h        
epilepsy1 = ! cure ( :i* %e w5t to ,aix4
 ,!re %e _h all sorts ( fits &          
day-somnambulism1 dur+ :i* %e wait$ at  
table1 ) h] eyes %ut1 p]fectly4 ,%e     

likewise saw alt]nately ) h] f+]s1 !    
palm ( h] h&1 & h] elb[1 & w\ld write ) 
precision ) h] "r h&1 sup]9t5d+ !       
process ) h] left elb[4 ,^! details are 
peculi>ly gratify+ to myself1 = 9 !     
little ,i h se51 ,i yet h se5 a pati5t  
walk ab\t ) h] eyes %ut1 & well bl9d$   
besides1 hold+ ! knuckles ( "o h& be=e  
h] z a see+ lant]n4 ,h[ev]1 ! special   
int]e/ ( ?is case is1 t ! pati5t 0      
diff]5tly affect$ by diff]5t k9ds (     
matt]2 glass appe>$ to burn h]1 porcela9
 0 pleasantly w>m1 e>!nw>e felt cold4   
,:at comm5t c ,i make on ! prec$+       
wondr\s details8 ,^? to :om !y are new  
mu/ h "t to become famili> ) !m2 9 ord]1
 rev]s+ ! process by :i* ! eye gets to  
see 9 ! d>k1 to le>n to di/+ui% objects 
9 ?is flood ( excessive light4 ,^? :o   
are already acqua9t$ ) !m w1 ,i ?9k1    
agree ) me t ! pr9ciple :i* ,i h        
assum$--! possibility ( an abnormal     
relation ( ! m9d & body all[+ ! =m]1    
ei!r to %ift ! place ( its manife/ations
 9 ! n]v\s sy/em1 or p>tially to en]gize

 z free _s--is ! only "o :i* at pres5t  
(f]s any solution ( ! new p[]s display$ 
9 catalepsy4 ,"o regrets t m 0 n made ( 
! opportunities ( obs]vation :i* ,petet9
 enjoy$4 ,b !re are means1 :i* ,i %all  
by-&-by h occasion to specify1 ?r\gh    
:i*1 9 ! practice ( m$ic9e1 & 9 ! prop] 
treatm5t ( v>i\s disord]s1 l in/ances   
may be artificially multipli$ & modifi$ 
s z to meet ! exig5cies ( inductive     
sci5ce4 ,9 ! mean "t1 let me app5d "o or
 two coroll>ies to ! prec$+             
demon/ration4  ,i4 ,x is evid5t t !     
p]=mances ( catalepsy r$uce ! oracles ( 
antiquity to natural ph5om5a4 ,let u    
exam9e ! tradition ( t ( ,delphi4       
,diodorus relates1 t goats fe$+ ne> an  
op5+ 9 ! gr\nd 7 obs]v$ to jump ab\t 9 a
 s+ul> mann]1 & t a goa!rd approa*+ to  
exam9e ! spot 0 tak5 ) a fit &          
prophesi$4 ,!n ! prie/s took possession 
( ! spot & built a temple4 ,plut>* tells
 u t ! prie/ess 0 an un$ucat$           
peasant-girl1 ( good "* & conduct4      
,plac$ ^u ! tripod1 & affect$ by !      

exhalation1 %e /ruggl$ & became         
convuls$1 & foam$ at ! m\?2 & 9 t /ate  
%e deliv]$ ! oracul> answ]4 ,!          
convulsions 7 sometimes s viol5t t !    
,py?ia di$4 ,plut>* adds1 t ! answ]s 7  
nev] 9 error1 & t _! e/abli%$ tru? fill$
 ! temple ) (f]+s f ! :ole ( ,greece1 & 
f b>b>ian nations4 ,)\t suppos+ x to h  
be5 infallible1 we mu/1 ,i ?9k1 inf] t !
 oracle 0 too (t5 "r to h be5 :olly a   
trick4 ,! /ate ( ! ,py?ia 0 probably    
trance ) convulsions1 ! same ) t 9 :i*  
cataleptic pati5ts h =ese5 future ev5ts4
 ,! prie/ess 0 ( blameless life1 :i*    
suits ! production ( trance1 ! f9e      
susceptibility ( :i* is spoilt by       
irregul> liv+4 ,f9ally1 f :at we "k ( ! 
effects ( ! few gases & vap\rs ( :i* !  
inhalation has be5 tri$1 x is any ?+ b  
improbable t "o or o!r gase\s comp\nd   
%\ld directly induce trance 9 pr$ispos$ 
subjects4  ,,ii4 ,! p]=mances ( ,zs*okke
 are poor by ! side ( ^? ( a cataleptic4
 ,b !n he 0 n entranc$4 ,nev]!less1 an  
approa* to t /ate manife/$ itself 9 8   

los+ himself :5 inspect+ 8 visit]'s     
bra9s4 ,s aga91 ^? :o _h ! gift (       
second-sight are repres5t$ to h be5     
subject to fits ( ab/raction1 9 :i* !y  
/ood rapt4 ,! prt]natural gifts (       
,socrates 7 probably ^? ( a ,highl& se]2
 9 :i* "* he is report$ to h =etold !   
dea? ( an (fic]1 if he pursu$ a r\te he 
contemplat$4 ,! (fic] w\ld n *ange 8    
plans1 & 0 met by ! enemy1 & sla9       
accord+ly4 ,9 all ^! cases1 ! m9d seems 
to h gone out to seek its k4 ,two ( ,mr4
 ,williamson's lucid pati5ts1 ( :om m   
aft]w>ds1 told him t _! m9ds w5t out at 
! backs ( _! heads1 9 />t+ on ^!        
occasions4 ,!y po9t$ to ! l[] & back "p 
( ! head1 opposite to ! m$ulla          
oblongata4 ,9 prophetic1 & 9 true       
retrospective dreams1 "o may imag9e !   
ph5om5a tak+ ! same c\rse2 mo/ likely ! 
dream]s h slipt 9 _! sleep into a brief 
lucid somnambulism4 ,9 ! cases ( gho/s &
 ( dreams1 co9cid5t ) ! p]iod ( ! dea? (
 an abs5t p]son1 x seems simpl] to      
suppose ! visit to h come f ! o!r side4 

,s ! ,vampyr-gho/ 0 probably a visit    
made by ! free "p ( ! m9d ( ! pati5t :o 
lay buri$ 9 dea?-trance4 ,! visit 0     
fatal to ! p>ty visit$1 because trance  
is contagi\s4  ,,iii4 ,! wond]ful       
p]=mances attribut$ to in/9ct 9 animals 
appe> less incompreh5sible :5 view$ 9   
juxtaposition ) "s ( ! feats ( lucid    
cataleptics4 ,! t]m in/9ct is a v vague 
"o4 ,x is commonly us$ to d5ote !       
intellig5ce ( animals z oppos$ to human 
reason4 ,in/9ct is1 !re=e1 a comp\nd    
ph5om5on2 & ,i mu/ beg9 by resolv+ x    
into its elem5ts4 ,!y are ?ree 9        
numb]3--  #a4 ,obs]vation & reason+ ( ! 
same k9d ) t ( man1 b limit$ 9 _! scope4
 ,!y are ex]cis$ only 9 imm$iate        
self-pres]vation1 & 9 ! direct supply ( 
! creature's bodily wants or simple     
impulses4 ,a dog w :9e to get admission 
into ! h\se1 w op5 ! lat* ( a gate2 "o  
rook w sit s5try = ! re/2 a plov] w fly 
l[1 & %ort di/ances1 z if hurt1 to wile 
away a dog f h] ne/4 ,b 9 ?is ve9 (     
intellig5ce1 animals make no fur!r      

advance4 ,reflection1 ) ! high]         
faculties & s5tim5ts :i* m9i/] to x1 & )
 x con/itute reason1 is d5i$ !m4 ,s !y  
orig9ate no objects ( pursuit 9 ! way t 
man does1 & h no s\rce (                
self-improvem5t4 ,b1 9 lack ( human     
reflection1 "s animals receive ! help   
(--  #b4 ,special conceptions1 :i* are  
develop$ 9 _! m9ds at fitt+ seasons4 ,( 
?is nature1 to give an in/ance1 is !    
notion ( ne/-build+ 9 birds4 ,x may be  
obs]v$ ( ^! conceptions t !y appe> to u 
arbitr>y1 ?\gh p]fectly suit$ to ! be+ (
 ea* species3 ?us1 9 ! example ref]r$   
to1 we may suppose t ! mat]ial & %ape ( 
! ne/ might be v>i$ )\t its object be+ !
 less p]fectly atta9$1--at lea/1 z f> z 
we c see4 ,! conception spontane\sly    
develop$ 9 ! m9d ( ! bird is !n c>ri$   
out intellig5tly1 ?r\gh ! same quick & j
 obs]vation1 9 a little way1 :i*        
habitually m9i/]s to its appetites1 z ,i
 expla9$ 9 a prec$+ p>agraph4  ,!       
special conception is sometimes         
*>act]iz$ by ! utmo/ p]fectness (       

me*anical design4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 is no?+ to
 surprise u4 ,! supreme wisdom :i*      
preorda9$ ! developm5t ( an idea 9 an   
insect's m9d1 might z easily z n h giv5 
x absolute p]fectness4 ,b--  #c4 ,"s    
animals h ! p[] ( modify+ ! special     
conception1 :5 circum/ances arise :i*   
prev5t its be+ c>ri$ out 9 ! usual way2 
& ( realiz+ x 9 a great _m diff]5t ways1
 on z _m diff]5t occasions4 ,& _! "w1 on
 ea* ( ^! occasions1 is z p]fect z 9 _! 
c>ry+ out ! ord9>y =m ( ! conception4 ,i
 beg leave to call ! pr9ciple1 by :i* !y
 see ?us h[ to %ape _! c\rse s p]fectly 
"u new circum/ances--intuition4 ,to     
in/ance x1 !re is a beetle call$ !      
rhyn*ites betul4 ,its habit is1 t[>ds ! 
end ( ,may1 to cut ! leaves ( ! betula  
alba1 or betula pubesc5s1 into slips1   
:i* x rolls up into funnel-%ap$ *amb]s1 
:i* =m s+ul>ly conv5i5t cradles = its   
eggs4 ,?is is done aft] "o patt]n2 & "o 
may suppose x ! me*anical realization ( 
an inborn idea1 z long z ! leaf is      
p]fect 9 %ape4 ,b if ! leaf is imp]fect1

 intuition /eps ^u ! sc5e to aid !      
insect to cut its coat aft] its clo?4 ,!
 sections made are !n se5 to v>y ) !    
v>y+ %ape ( ! leaf4 ,_m diff]5t sections
 made by ! insect 7 accurately drawn by 
a ,g]man naturali/1 ,dr4 ,debey4 ,he    
submitt$ !m = exam9ation to ,pr(essor   
,heis ( ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,^u c>efully  
/udy+ !m1 ,dr4 ,heis f\nd ^! cutt+s ( ! 
leaves1 9 suitabl5ess to ! end propos$1 
ev5 to ! m9ute/ te*nical detail1 to be 9
 accordance ) calculations compassable  
only ?r\gh ! high] ma!matics1 :i*1 till 
mod]n times1 7 unkn[n to human          
intellig5ce4 ,su* is ! m>vell\s p[] (   
8intuition10 display$ by c]ta9 insects4 
,i "k n h[ to def9e x b z a p[] (       
imm$iate ref]5ce to absolute tru?1 ev9c$
 by ! insect 9 c>ry+ out its little     
plans4 ,x is evid5t t ! insect uses !   
same p[] 9 realiz+ its ord9>y special   
conception1 :5 ! result displays equal  
p]fectness4 ,& ! "q ev5 crosses "o's    
m9d1 ,are ! seem+ly arbitr>y plans      
really arbitr>y8--may !y n equally      

repres5t a highe/ type ( design8 ,b1 be 
t z x may1 ! intuition ( insects1 z we  
n[ appreh5d x1 no long] /&s an isolat$  
ph5om5on4 ,! lucid cataleptic _c less   
directly communicate ) ! s\rce ( tru?1 z
 %e proves by =esee+ future ev5ts4      
,,iv4 ,! speculations ( ,b]keley &      
,boscovi* on ! non-exi/5ce ( matt]2 & ( 
,kant & o!rs on ! arbitr>9ess ( all our 
notions1 are int]e/$ 91 = !y appe> to be
 refut$ by1 ! intuitions ( cataleptics4 
,! cataleptic appreh5ds or p]ceives     
directly ! objects ar\nd h]2 b !y are ! 
same z :5 realiz$ ?r\gh h] s5ses4 ,%e   
notices no diff]5ce2 size1 =m1 col\r1   
di/ance1 are elem5ts z real to h] n[ z  
be=e4 ,9 respect aga9 to ! future1 %e   
sees x1 b n 9 ! s5se ( ! annihilation ( 
"t2 %e =esees x2 x is ! future pres5t to
 h]2 "t %e measures1 pres5t & future1 ) 
/range precision1--/range1 yet an       
approximation1 in/ead ( ?is c]ta9ty1    
w\ld h be5 /ill m puzzl+4  ,s t x appe>s
 t our notions ( matt]1 =ce1 & ! l1 & ( 
! conditions ( space & "t1 ap>t f :i* we

 c conceive no?+1 are n figm5ts to suit 
our human & tempor>y be+1 b elem5ts (   
et]nal tru?4     ,,lett] ,,ix4          
,,religi\s ,,delusions--,! seizures giv+
 rise to !m %[n to  h be5 =ms ( trance  
br\ght on by fanatical excitem5t--,!    
,cev5nes--,sc5es at ! tomb ( ! ,abb     
,p>is--,revivals 9  ,am]ica--,!         
,ec/atica ( ,cald>o--,?ree =ms ( imput$ 
demoniacal  possession--,wit*craft2 its 
m>vels1 & ! solution4   ,!re h be5      
occasions1 :5 mu* excitem5t on ! subject
 ( religion has prevail$1 & :5 /range   
disord]s ( ! n]v\s sy/em h develop$     
!mselves among ! p1 :i* h be5 int]pret$ 
z imm$iate visit+s ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,!    
int]pretation 0 delusive1 ! belief 9 x  
sup]/ition4 ,! effects display$ 7 nei!r 
m nor less ?an ph5om5a ( trance1 !      
physiological consequ5ces ( ! prevail+  
excitem5t4 ,! read] :o has att5tively   
p]us$ ! prec$+ lett]s w h no difficulty 
9 id5tify+ =ms ( ?is affection 9 !      
v>ieties ( religi\s seizures1 :i*1 )\t  
fur!r comm5t1 ,i proce$ to exemplify4   

,e "o w h met ) allusions to "s         
extraord9>y sc5es :i* took place 9 !    
,cev5nes1 at ! close ( ! sev5te5?       
c5tury4  ,x 0 t[>ds ! end ( ! ye> #afhh 
t a report 0 fir/ he>d ( a gift (       
prophecy :i* _h %[n itself among !      
p]secut$ foll[]s ( ! ,re=mation1 :o1 9 !
 s\? ( ,france1 _h betak5 !mselves to ! 
m\nta9s4 ,! fir/ in/ance 0 said to h    
occurr$ 9 ! family ( a glass-deal] ( !  
"n ( ,du ,s]re1 well kn[n z ! mo/ zeal\s
 ,calv9i/ ( ! neighb\rhood1 :i* 0 a     
solit>y spot 9 ,dauph91 ne> ,m\nt       
,peyra4 ,9 ! enl>g+ circle ( en?usia/s1 
,gabriel ,a/i] & ,isabella ,v9c5t made  
!mselves fir/ conspicu\s4 ,isabella1 a  
girl ( sixte5 ye>s ( age1 f ,dauph91 :o 
0 9 ! s]vice ( a peasant1 & t5d$ %eep1  
began 9 h] sleep to prea* & prophesy1 & 
! ,re=m]s came f f> & ne> to he> h]4 ,an
 advocate ( ! "n ( ,g]lan describes !   
foll[+ sc5e1 :i* he _h witness$4 ,at 8  
reque/1 %e _h admitt$ him & a good _m   
o!rs1 aft] nightfall1 to a meet+ at a   
*ateau 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,%e !re dispos$

 h]self ^u a b$1 %ut h] eyes1 & w5t to  
sleep4 ,9 h] sleep %e *ant$1 9 a l[     
tone1 ! ,comm&m5ts & a psalm4 ,aft] a   
%ort respite %e began to prea*1 9 a l\d]
 voice--n 9 h] own dialect1 b 9 good    
,fr5*1 :i* hi!rto %e _h n us$4 ,! !me 0 
an exhortation to obey ,god r ?an man4  
,sometimes %e spoke s quickly z to be   
h>dly intelligible4 ,at c]ta9 ( h]      
pauses %e /opp$ to collect h]self4 ,%e  
accompani$ h] words ) ge/iculations4    
,g]lan f\nd h] pulse quiet1 h] arm n    
rigid1 b relax$1 z natural4 ,aft] an    
int]val1 h] c\nt5ance put on a mock+    
expression1 & %e began anew h]          
exhortation1 :i* 0 n[ mix$ ) ironical   
reflections ^u ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,%e !n  
sudd5ly /opp$1 cont9u+ asleep4 ,x 0 9   
va9 !y /irr$ h]4 ,:5 h] arms 7 lift$ &  
let g1 !y dropp$ unconsci\sly4 ,z sev]al
 n[ w5t away1 :om h] sil5ce r5d]$       
impati5t1 %e said 9 a l[ tone1 b j z if 
%e 0 awake1--8,:y d y g away8--:y d n y 
wait till ,i am ready80 ,& !n %e deliv]$
 ano!r ironical disc\rse aga9/ !        

,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,%e clos$ ! sc5e )      
pray]4  ,:5 ,b\*i]1 ! int5dant ( !      
di/rict1 he>d ( ! p]=mances ( ,isabella 
,v9c5t1 he _h h] br\ght be=e him4 ,%e   
repli$ to 8 int]rogatories1 t p _h (t5  
told h] t %e prea*$ 9 h] sleep1 b t %e  
did n h]self believe a ^w ( x4 ,z !     
slightness ( h] p]son made h] appe>     
y\ng] ?an %e really 01 ! int5dant m]ely 
s5t h] to an hospital at ,gr5oble2 :]e1 
not)/&+ t %e 0 visit$ by p]sons ( !     
,re=m$ p]suasion1 !re 0 an end ( h]     
prea*+--%e became a ,ca?olic6  ,gabriel 
,a/i]1 :o _h be5 a "y lab\r]1 likewise f
 ,dauph91 w5t1 9 ! capacity ( a prea*] &
 prophet1 into ! valley ( ,bressac1 9 ! 
,viv>ais4 ,he _h infect$ 8 family3 8    
fa!r1 "m1 eld] bro!r1 & swee!>t1 foll[$ 
8 example1 & took to prophesy+4         
,gabriel1 be=e he prea*$1 us$ to fall   
into a k9d ( /upor 9 :i* he lay rigid4  
,aft] deliv]+ 8 s]mon1 he w\ld dismiss 8
 auditors ) a kiss1 & ! words--8,my     
bro!r1 or my si/]1 ,i imp>t to y ! ,holy
 ,gho/40 ,_m believ$ t !y _h ?us receiv$

 ! ,holy ,gho/ f ,a/i]1 be+ tak5 ) !    
same seizure4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( !         
disc\rse1 fir/ "o1 !n ano!r1 w\ld fall  
d[n3 "s describ$ !mselves aft]w>ds z    
hav+ felt fir/ a weakness & trembl+     
?r\gh ! :ole frame1 & an impulse to yawn
 & /ret* _! arms2 !n !y fell1 convuls$ &
 foam+ at ! m\?4 ,o!rs c>ri$ ! contagion
 home ) !m1 & fir/ exp]i5c$ its effects1
 days1 weeks1 or mon?s aft]w>ds4 ,!y    
believ$--nor is x wond]ful !y did s--t  
!y _h receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,n less   
curi\s 7 ! seizures ( !                 
,convulsionnaires at ! grave ( ! ,abb   
,p>is1 9 ! ye> #agbg4 ,^! ,jans5i/      
vision>ies us$ to collect 9 ! *ur*y>d ( 
,/4 ,md>d1 r\nd ! grave ( ! depos$ &    
deceas$ deacon2 & be=e long1 !          
reputation ( ! place = work+ miracles   
gett+ ab\t1 !y fell 9 troops into       
convulsions4 ,!y requir$1 to gratify an 
int]nal impulse or feel+1 t ! mo/ viol5t
 bl[s %\ld be inflict$ ^u !m at ! pit ( 
! /oma*4 ,c>r de ,montg]on m5tions t1   
be+ himself an en?usia/ 9 ! matt]1 he _h

 inflict$ ! bl[s requir$ ) an iron      
in/rum5t1 weigh+ f tw5ty to ?irty p\nds1
 ) a r\nd head4 ,& z a convulsion>y lady
 compla9$ t he /ruck too lightly to     
relieve ! feel+ ( depression at h]      
/oma*1 he gave h] sixty bl[s ) all 8    
=ce4 ,x w\ld n d1 & %e begg$ to h !     
in/rum5t us$ by a tall1 /rong man1 :o   
/ood by 9 ! cr[d4 ,! spasmodic t5sion ( 
h] muscles mu/ h be5 enorm\s2 = %e      
receiv$ "o hundr$ bl[s1 deliv]$ ) su*   
=ce t ! wall %ook beh9d h]4 ,%e ?ank$ ! 
man = 8 b5evol5t aid1 & contemptu\sly   
c5sur$ ,de ,montg]on = 8 weakness1 or   
want ( fai?1 & timidity4 ,x 01 inde$1 "t
 = issu+ ! m&ate1 :i*1 z wit read x1    
ran--      8,de p> le roi--,df5se       
,dieu1     ,de faire miracle en ce      
lieu40  ,9 ! revivals ( mod]n times1    
sc5es p>allel to ! above h be5 r5ew$4   
8,i h se510 says ,mr4 ,le ,roi ,sund]l&1
 himself a prea*]1 7,zion's ,wat*man1   
,new ,york1 ,oct4 #b1 #ahdb17 8p]sons   
(t5 #8lose _! /r5g?1' z x is call$1 at  
camp-meet+s & o!r places ( great        

religi\s excitem5t2 & n pi\s p alone1 b 
^?1 also1 :o 7 n pr(essors ( religion4  
,9 ! spr+ ( #ahbd1 :ile p]=m+ pa/oral   
lab\r 9 ,d5nis1 ,massa*usetts1 ,i saw m 
?an tw5ty affect$ 9 ?is way4 ,two "y m51
 ( ! "n ( ,cr[ell1 came "o day to a     
pray]-meet+4 ,!y 7 q indiff]5t4 ,i      
conv]s$ ) !m freely1 b !y %[$ no signs (
 p5it5ce4 ,f ! meet+ !y w5t to _! %op1  
7!y 7 %oemak]s17 to f9i% "s "w be=e go+ 
to ! meet+ 9 ! ev5+4 ,on seat+ !mselves1
 !y 7 bo? /ruck p]fectly /iff4 ,i 0     
imm$iately s5t =1 & f\nd !m sitt+       
p>alyz$0 7he means tak5 ) ! initiatory  
=m ( trance-sleep1 & possibly           
cataleptic7 8on _! b5*es1 ) _! "w 9 _!  
h&s1 unable to get up1 or to move at    
all4 ,i h se5 scores ( p]sons affect$ ! 
same way4 ,i h se5 p]sons lie 9 ?is /ate
 =ty-eight h\rs4 ,at su* times !y are   
unable to conv]se1 & are sometimes      
unconsci\s ( :at is pass+ r\nd !m4 ,at !
 same "t1 !y say !y are 9 a happy /ate (
 m9d40  ,! foll[+ extract f ! same      
j\rnal portrays ano!r k9d ( n]v\s       

seizure1 z x 0 manife/$ at ! great      
revival "s =ty ye>s ago1 at ,k5tucky &  
,t5nessee4  8,! convulsions 7 commonly  
call$ #8! j]ks4' ,a writ]1 7,m',neman7  
quot$ by ,mr4 ,p[]1 7,essay on !        
,influ5ce ( ! ,imag9ation ov] ! ,n]v\s  
,sy/em17 gives ?is acc\nt ( _! c\rse &  
progress3  8,at fir/ appe>ance ^! meet+s
 exhibit$ no?+ to ! spectator b a sc5e (
 confusion t c\ld sc>cely be put into   
language4 ,!y 7 g5]ally op5$ ) a s]mon1 
ne> ! close ( :i* !re w\ld be an unusual
 outcry1 "s bur/+ out into l\d          
ejaculations ( pray]1 c4  8,! roll+     
ex]cise consi/$ 9 be+ ca/ d[n 9 a viol5t
 mann]1 d\bl$ ) ! head & feet toge!r1 or
 /ret*$ 9 a pro/rate mann]1 turn+       
swiftly ov] l a dog4 ,no?+ 9 nature c\ld
 bett] repres5t ! j]ks1 ?an = "o to goad
 ano!r alt]nately on e side ) a piece ( 
r$-hot iron4 ,! ex]cise commonly began 9
 ! head1 :i* w\ld fly backw>ds & =w>ds1 
& f side to side1 ) a quick jolt1 :i* ! 
p]son w\ld naturally lab\r to suppress1 
b 9 va94 ,he mu/ necess>ily g on z he 0 

/imulat$1 :e!r ) a viol5t da% on !      
gr\nd1 & b\nce f place to place1 l a    
foot-ball2 or hopp+ r\nd1 ) head1 limbs1
 & trunk twit*+ & jolt+ 9 e direction1 z
 if !y mu/ inevitably fly asund]1'0 c4  
,! foll[+ sket* is f ,d['s j\rnal4 ,9 ! 
ye> #ahje he prea*$ at ,knoxville1      
,t5nessee1 be=e ! gov]nor1 :5 "s hundr$ 
& fifty p]sons1 among :om 7 a numb] (   
,quak]s1 _h ! j]ks4 8,i h se510 says !  
writ]1 8all d5om9ations ( religion      
ex]cis$ by ! j]ks--g5tleman & lady1     
black & :ite1 "y & old1 )\t exception4  
,i pass$ a meet+-h\se1 :]e ,i obs]v$ !  
und]gr[? _h be5 cut d[n = camp-meet+s1 &
 f fifty to a hundr$ sapl+s 7 left = ! p
 :o 7 j]k$ to hold by4 ,i obs]v$ :]e !y 
_h held on !y _h kick$ up ! e>?1 z a    
horse /amp+ flies40  ,a widely diff]5t  
picture to ! above is giv5 9 a lett] f !
 ,e>l ( ,%rewsbury to ,a4 ,m4 ,phillips1
 ,esq41 publi%$ 9 #ahda1 & describ+ !   
/ate ( two religieuses1 7! ,ec/atica (  
,cald>o1 & ! ,addolorata ( ,capriana17  
:o 7 visit$ by memb]s ( _! own          

communion1 9 ! belief t !y lay 9 a sort 
( heav5ly beatitude4 ,to ?is idea _!    
/illness1 ! devotional attitude ( _! h&s
 & expression ( _! c\nt5ances1 toge!r ) 
_! manife/ation ( miracul\s intuition1  
contribut$4 ,b ,i am afraid t1 to ! eye 
( a physician1 _! condition w\ld h be5  
simple trance4 ,h[ev]1 :ile ! abs5ce (  
reasonable enlight5m5t 9 ! display is to
 be regrett$1 "o agreeably recognises ! 
influ5ce ( ! humanity ( mod]n times4 ,_h
 ^! "y wom5 liv$ two c5turies ago1 !y   
w\ld h be5 ! subjects ( o!r discipl9e1 &
 _! hi/ory1 _h ,i possess$ x to quote1  
mu/ h be5 transf]r$ to ! d>k] section   
:i* ,i h next to ent] on4  ,! belief 9  
possession by devils1 :i* exi/$ 9 !     
middle ages & subsequ5tly1 embrac$      
sev]al dissimil> cases4 ,! fir/ ( !m :i*
 ,i w exemplify w\ld h includ$          
individuals 9 ! /ate ( ! religieuses    
describ$ by ,"l ,%rewsbury4 ,behavi\r & 
p[]s :i* ! p c\ld n und]/&1 ev5 if      
exhibit$ by good & virtu\s p]sons1 &    
only expressive ( or us$ = "r purposes1 

7 con/ru$ into ! op]ation ( unholy      
influ5ces4 ,! times 7 ! reign ( t]ror 9 
religion4 ,i give ! foll[+              
in/ance3--,m>ie ,bucaille1 a native (   
,norm&y1 became1 t[>ds ! ye> #agjj1 !   
subject ( fits1 :i* ord9>ily la/$ ?ree  
or f\r h\rs4 ,x appe>s1 by ! depositions
 ( p]sons ( "* on h] trial1 t ,m>ie _h  
effect$ _m cures seem+ly by h] pray]s2 t
 %e compreh5d$ & execut$ directions giv5
 to h] m5tally2 t %e read ! ?\ghts (    
o!rs4 ,:5 9 ! fit1 ! ,cur ( ,golleville 
plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ,m>ie a fold$ note4 ,)\t
 op5+ ! note1 %e repli$ to ! que/ions   
:i* x conta9$2 &1 )\t kn[+ ! writ]1 %e  
accurately describ$ h] p]son4 ,al?\gh   
,m>ie only employ$ h] p[]s to cure !    
sick & 9 ! s]vice ( religion1 %e 0 n !  
less condemn$ to dea? by ! p>liam5t (   
,valogne4 ,! p>liam5t ( ,r\5 mitigat$ h]
 puni%m5t to :ipp+ & public ignom9y4  ,a
 second class1 :o came ne>] to ! exact  
idea ( be+ possess$ by devils1 7 p]sons 
:o 7 d]ang$1 & ent]ta9$ some?+ ( t      
impression !mselves1 & av[$ x4 ,i am n  

speak+ ( s+le in/ances1 b ( an ext5sive 
popul> delusion1 or fr5zy r1 :i*        
prevail$ 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies 
9 p>ts ( ,europe z an epidemic seizure4 
,x 0 call$ ! wolf-sickness4 ,^? affect$ 
betook !mselves to ! =e/s z wild bea/s4 
,"o ( ^!1 :o 0 br\ght be=e ,de ,lancre1 
at ,bordeaux1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5?    
c5tury1 0 a "y man ( ,besanon4 ,he av[$ 
himself to be huntsman ( ! =e/ "l1 8    
invisible ma/]4 ,he believ$ t1 ?r\gh !  
p[] ( 8 ma/]1 he _h be5 trans=m$ into a 
wolf2 t he hunt$ 9 ! =e/ z su*2 & t he 0
 (t5 accompani$ by a bigg] wolf1 :om he 
suspect$ to be ! ma/] he s]v$2 ) m      
details ( ! same k9d4 ,! p]sons ?us     
affect$ 7 call$ ,wehrwolves4 ,_! common 
fate 0 ! alt]native ( recov]+ f _!      
d]angem5t1 "u ! influ5ce ( exorcism &   
its accessories1 or ( be+ execut$4  ,!  
?ird & prop] type ( possession by devils
 pres5t$ m complicat$ features4 ,!      
pati5t's /ate 0 n uni=m4 ,(t51 or = !   
mo/ "p1 8 appe>ance & behavi\r 7        
natural2 !n p>oxysms w\ld sup]v5e1 9 :i*

 he appe>$ fi]ce1 malignant1 demoniacal1
 9 :i* he believ$ himself to be         
possess$1 & act$ up to ! "*1 & 9 :i*    
p[]s1 seem+ly sup]human1 su* z read+ !  
?\ghts ( o!rs1 7 manife/$ by ! possess$4
 ,! explanation ( ^! features is happily
 giv5 by ,dr4 ,fis*] ( ,basle1 au?or (  
an excell5t "w on ,somnambulism4 ,he    
resolves !m1 ) evid5t ju/ice1 into      
recurr5t fits ( trance--! pati5t1 :5    
entranc$1 be+ at ! same "t d]ang$2 & he 
exemplifies 8 hypo!sis by ! case ( a    
,g]man lady :o _h fits ( trance1 9 :i*  
%e fanci$ h]self a ,fr5* emigre3 x w\ld 
h be5 z easy = h]1 _h x be5 ! mode1 to h
 fanci$ h]self1 & to h play$ ! "p ( be+1
 possess$ by ! fi5d4 ,! case is ?is3    
,gmel91 9 ! fir/ volume ( 8             
,contributions to ,an?ropology1 n>rates 
t1 9 ! ye> #aghi1 a ,g]man lady1 "u 8   
obs]vation1 _h daily p>oxysms1 9 :i* %e 
believ$ h]self to be1 & act$ ! "p (1 a  
,fr5* ,emigrant4 ,%e _h be5 9 di/ress ( 
m9d ?r\gh ! abs5ce ( a p]son %e 0 atta*$
 to1 & he 0 someh[ implicat$ 9 ! sc5es (

 ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,aft] an attack ( 
fev] & delirium1 ! compla9t regulat$    
itself1 & took ! =m ( a daily fit (     
trance-wak+4 ,:5 ! "t = ! fit approa*$1 
%e /opp$ 9 h] conv]sation1 & ceas$ to   
answ] :5 spok5 to2 %e !n rema9$ a few   
m9utes sitt+ p]fectly /ill1 h] eyes fix$
 on ! c>pet be=e h]4 ,!n1 9 evid5t      
uneas9ess1 %e began to move h] head     
backw>ds & =w>ds1 to sigh & to pass h]  
f+]s across h] eyebr[s4 ,?is la/$ a     
m9ute2 !n %e rais$ h] eyes1 look$ once  
or twice r\nd ) timidity & emb>rassm5t1 
!n began to talk 9 ,fr5*1 :5 %e w\ld    
describe all ! p>ticul>s ( h] escape f  
,france1 &1 assum+ ! mann] ( a ,fr5*    
woman1 talk pur] & bett] acc5t$ ,fr5*   
?an %e _h be5 kn[n to be capable ( talk+
 be=e1 correct h] fri5ds :5 !y spoke    
incorrectly1 b delicately1 & ) a comm5t 
on ! ,g]man rud5ess ( laugh+ at ! bad   
pronunciation ( /rang]s3 & if l$ h]self 
to speak or read ,g]man1 %e us$ a ,fr5* 
acc5t1 & spoke x ill2 & ! l4  ,we h by  
?is "t _h int]c\rse en\gh ) spirits &   

demons to prep>e u = ! f9al subject (   
wit*craft4  ,! sup]/ition ( wit*craft   
/ret*es back into remote antiquity1 &   
has _m roots4 ,9 ,europe x is p>tly (   
,druidical orig94 ,! ,druidesses 7 "p   
prie/esses1 "p %rewd old ladies1 :o     
dealt 9 magic & m$ic9e4 ,!y 7 call$     
allrune1 all-kn[+4 ,!re 0 "s t\* (      
classical sup]/ition m+l$ 9 ! /ream :i* 
0 fl[+ d[n to u2 s an edict ( a ,c\ncil 
( ,trves1 9 ! ye> #acaj1 has ?is        
injunction3--8,nulla muli]um se         
nocturnis horis equit>e cum ,dian       
pr(iteatur2 hc enim dmoniaca e/         
illusio40 ,b ! ma9 s\rce f :i* we d]iv$ 
?is sup]/ition is ! ,ea/1 & traditions &
 facts incorporat$ 9 our religion4 ,!re 
7 only want$ ! f]m5t ( ?\ght ( ! fifte5?
 c5tury1 ! en]gy1 ignorance1 en?usiasm1 
& fai? ( ^? days1 & ! papal d5unciation 
( wit*craft by ! ,bull ( ,innoc5t !     
,eigh?1 9 #adei1 to give fury to !      
delusion4 ,& f ?is "t1 = ?ree c5turies1 
! flames at :i* m ?an a hundr$ ?\s&     
victims p]i%$ ca/ a lurid light ov]     

,europe4  ,b ! fires are out--!         
sup]/ition is ext9ct--& its hi/ory is   
trite1 & has lo/ all int]e/2 s ,i w ha/5
 to ! "o po9t 9 x :i* des]ves1 :i* inde$
 requires1 explanation4  ,i d n adv]t to
 ! late duration ( ! belief 9           
wit*craft--s late1 t x is b a c5tury ?is
 v mon? ( ,janu>y s9ce ! la/ wit*1 a    
lady & a sub-prioress1 ^: confession ,i 
w aft]w>ds give1 0 execut$ 9 ,g]many2   
:ile1 at ! same p]iod1 a /rong ef=t 0   
made 9 ,scotl&1 by good & consci5ti\s1 &
 o!rwise s5sible p]sons1 to reanimate ! 
emb]s ( ! delusion1 z is %[n by ! foll[+
 evid5ce4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #agdc1 !         
,associate ,presbyt]y1 mean+ !          
,presbyt]y ( ! ,secession or ,sec$]s1 7f
 ! ,scotti% ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*17 pass$1 &  
soon !reaft] publi%$1 an act = r5ew+ !  
,national ,cov5ant1 9 :i* !re is a      
solemn ackn[l$gm5t ( s9s1 & v[ to r5\nce
 !m2 among :i* s9s is specifi$ 8! repeal
 ( ! p5al /atutes aga9/ wit*craft1      
contr>y to ! express laws ( ,god1 & =   
:i* a holy ,god may be provok$1 9 a way 

( righte\s judgm5t1 to leave ^? :o are  
already ensn>$ to be h>d5$ m & m1 & to  
p]mit ,satan to tempt & s$uce o!rs to ! 
same wick$ & dang]\s sn>e40--7,note1    
,ed9burgh ,review1 ,janu>y1 #ahdg47     
,nor is ! m>vel 9 ! absolute belief ( ! 
p 9 wit*craft only two c5turies ago3 :at
 c\ld !y d b believe1 :5 ! wit*es &     
sorc]]s !mselves1 be=e _! execution1 (t5
 av[$ _! guilt & told h[ !y _h laid     
!mselves out to league ) ! evil _s2 h[  
!y _h gone ?r\gh a regul> process (     
initiation 9 ! black art2 h[ !y _h be5  
rebaptiz$ ) ! support ( regul>          
wit*-sponsors2 h[ !y _h abjur$ ,*ri/1 & 
_h ent]$1 to ! be/ ( _! belief1 into a  
compact ) ! ,devil1 & _h comm5c$        
accord+ly a suitable c\rse ( bad works1 
poison+ & bewit*+ m5 & cattle1 & ! l8   
,nor is ! wond] 9 ! unfairness ) :i* ^? 
accus$ ( wit*craft 7 treat$4 ,s at      
,l9dheim1 ,hor/ reports on "o occasion  
six wom5 7 implicat$ 9 a *>ge ( hav+    
dis9t]r$ ! body ( a *ild to make a      
wit*bro?4 ,z !y happ5$ to be innoc5t ( !

 de$1 !y und]w5t ! mo/ cruel tortures   
be=e !y w\ld confess x4 ,at l5g? !y saw 
_! *eape/ b>ga9 0 to admit ! crime1 & be
 simply burn$ alive1 & h x ov]4 ,!y did 
s4 ,b ! husb& ( "o ( !m procur$ an      
(ficial exam9ation ( ! grave1 :5 !      
*ild's body 0 f\nd 9 its c(f9 safe &    
s\nd4 ,:at said ! ,inquisitor8 8,?is is 
inde$ a prop] piece ( devil's "w3 no1   
no1 ,i am n to be tak5 9 by su* a gross 
& obvi\s impo/ure4 ,luckily ! wom5 h    
already confess$ ! crime1 & burn$ !y mu/
 & %all be1 9 hon\r ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1  
:i* has comm&$ ! extirpation ( sorc]]s &
 wit*es40 ,! six wom5 7 burn$ alive     
accord+ly2 = ! p _h fits ( fr5zi$ t]ror1
 :i* requir$ to be allay$ by ! sacrifice
 ( a victim or two1 & ,ju/ice became    
confus$3 to be sure1 9 ^? days h] head 0
 nev] v cle>1 & ?rew by mi/ake ! odium (
 ! crime into ! accus+ scale2 ! o!r flew
 up significantly ( ! full ext5t to :i* 
m]cy c\ld int]f]e to temp] ! law4 ,a    
curi\s in/ance ( an epidemic attack ( ! 
belief 9 wit*craft occurr$ at ,salzburg 

betwe5 ! ye>s #afbg & #afbi1 orig9at+ 9 
a sickness among ! cattle 9 !           
neighb\rhood4 ,! sickness 0 unluckily   
attribut$ to wit*craft1 & an active     
inquiry 0 set on foot to detect !       
p>ticipators 9 ! crime4 ,x 0 v          
successful2 = we f9d 9 ! li/ ( p]sons   
burn$ alive on ?is occasion1 besides    
*ildr5 ( #ad1 #ab1 #aa1 #aj1 #i ye>s (  
age1 f\rte5 canons1 f\r g5tlem5 ( !     
*oir1 two "y m5 ( rank1 a fat old lady (
 rank1 ! wife ( a burgoma/]1 a          
c\nsellor1 ! fatte/ burgess ( ,wrtzburg1
 toge!r ) 8 wife1 ! h&some/ woman 9 !   
city1 & a midwife ( ! "n ( ,%iekelte1 ) 
:om 7accord+ to a ,n4 ,b4 9 ! orig9al   
report7 ! :ole ( ! mis*ief orig9at$4  ,!
 m>vel 9 wit*craft is ! belief ent]ta9$ 
by ! sorc]]s & wit*es !mselves ( its    
reality4 ,t _m ( ^! p]sons1 %rewd &     
unpr9cipl$1 %\ld h pret5d$ an implicit  
belief 9 _! art1 till !y 7 br\ght to    
ju/ice1 is only :at is /ill occasionally
 done 9 mod]n times4 ,b t !y %\ld1 z x  
is prov$ by "s ( _! confessions previ\s 

to execution1 h be5 _! own dupes1 & h   
ent]ta9$ no d\bt :atsoev] ( ! reality ( 
_! int]c\rse ) ! devil1 is surpris+     
en\gh to des]ve explanation4 ,a s+le    
crucial in/ance w br+ u ^u ! trail ( !  
solution4  ,a little maid1 twelve ye>s (
 age1 us$ to fall into fits ( sleep2 &  
aft]w>ds %e told h] p>5ts & ! judge h[  
an old woman & h] daught]1 rid+ on a    
broom/ick1 _h come & tak5 h] out ) !m4  
,! daught] sat =emo/1 ! old woman beh9d1
 ! little maid betwe54 ,!y w5t away     
?r\gh ! ro( ( ! h\se1 ov] ! adjo9+ h\ses
 & ! t[ngate1 to a village "s way (f4   
,^u arriv+ !re1 ! p>ty w5t d[n ! *imney 
( a cottage into a room1 :]e sat a black
 man & twelve wom54 ,!y eat & drank4 ,! 
black man fill$ _! glasses f a c1 & gave
 ea* ( ! wom5 a h&ful ( gold4 ,%e h]self
 _h receiv$ none1 b %e _h eat5 & drunk )
 !m4  ,see h[ mu* ?is example displays4 
,i mean n t ! sup]/ition 0 imbib$ 9     
*ildhood1 ?\gh t w\ld d mu* to e/abli% !
 belief 9 x1 b t x _h p[] to di/urb !   
m9d suffici5tly to produce trance-sleep2

 = su* 7 evid5tly ! fits ( sleep ?is    
*ild describ$2 & trance-sleep1 ) its    
special "* ( visions1 ( dreams vivid1   
coh]5t1 cont9u\s1 realiz+ ! ideas :i* _h
 driv5 ! m9d into trance4 ,eld] p]sons1 
x is to be presum$1 7 occasionally      
simil>ly wr\ght ^u4 ,& ! wit*es seem$ to
 h kn[n & avail$ !mselves ( ! confid5ce 
9 _! art t c\ld be ?us promot$2 & by    
wit*bro?s1 ( :i* n>cotics =m$ an +r$i5t1
 !y w\ld induce 9 !mselves & 9 _! pupils
 a heavy /upor1 :i* s f> resembles      
trance t vivid & connect$ dreams occur 9
 x4 ,"h 0 ! seem+ reality necess>y =    
absolute belief4 ,x lay 9 n und]/ood    
trance-ph5om5a4 ,o!r evid5ce f ! same   
s\rce came 9 to support ! fir/4 ,"s ( ! 
wit*-pupils 9 _! trances w\ld %[ a      
/range k2 "s ( ! victims1 on ^: fe>s or 
p]sons !y _h wr\ght1 w\ld become        
possess$--prov+ _! art to be n less real
 ?an !y believ$ ?us ! elem5t>y "p to be 
( _! p]sonal communication ) ! fi5d4 ,^!
 rem>ks expla9 collat]ally :y wit*es &  
sorc]esses 7 m num]\s ?an sorc]]s &     

magicians4 ,insuffici5t occupation & o!r
 causes help$ probably to dispose wom5  
to seek a res\rce 9 ! int5se excitem5t (
 ?is crime2 b besides1 trance /ood at _!
 s]vice1 :i* m5 seldom] exp]i5ce4  ,i w 
conclude ) two pictures4 ,"o1 !         
confession--int]e/+1 h[ev]1 f its       
relation to ! *ild's e>ly vision--(     
vulg> & ord9>y wit*es2 ! o!r1 ! sub/ance
 ( ! confession ( a lady-wit*1 :i*1 9   
itself1 tells ! :ole curi\s tale ( ?is  
disease4  ,at ,mora1 9 ,sw$51 9 #affi1 (
 _m :o 7 put to ! torture & execut$1    
sev5ty-two wom5 agre$ 9 ! foll[+ av[al3 
,t !y 7 9 ! habit ( meet+ at a place    
call$ ,blocula4 ,t on _! call+ out      
8,come =?10 ! ,devil us$ to appe> to !m 
9 a gray coat1 r$ bree*es1 gray /ock+s1 
) a r$ be>d1 & a peak$ hat ) p>ti-col\r$
 fea!rs on 8 head4 ,he !n en=c$ ^u !m1 n
 )\t bl[s1 t !y mu/ br+ him1 at nights1 
_! own & o!r p's *ildr51 /ol5 = !       
purpose4 ,!y travel ?r\gh ! air to      
,blocula ei!r on bea/s1 or on spits1 or 
broom/icks4 ,:5 !y h _m *ildr5 ) !m1 !y 

rig on an additional sp> to l5g!n ! back
 ( ! goat or _! broom/ick1 t ! *ildr5   
may h room to sit4 ,at ,blocula !y sign 
_! "n 9 blood1 & are baptiz$4 ,! ,devil 
is a humor\s1 pleasant g5tleman2 b 8    
table is co>se en\gh1 :i* makes ! *ildr5
 (t5 sick on _! way home1 ! product be+ 
! s-call$ wit*-butt] f\nd 9 ! fields4   
,:5 ! ,devil is l>ky1 he solicits !     
wit*es to dance r\nd him on _! brooms1  
:i* he sudd5ly pulls f "u !m1 & uses to 
beat !m )1 till !y are black & blue4 ,he
 laughs at ?is joke till 8 sides %ake   
aga94 ,sometimes he is 9 a m graci\s    
mood1 & plays to !m lovely airs ^u !    
h>p2 & occasionally sons & daught]s are 
born to ! ,devil1 :i* take up _!        
resid5ce at ,blocula4  ,! foll[+ is !   
hi/ory ( ! lady-wit*4 ,%e 01 at ! "t (  
h] dea?1 sev5ty ye>s ( age1 & _h be5 _m 
ye>s sub-prioress ( ! conv5t (          
,unt]zell1 ne> ,wrtzburg4  ,m>ia ,r5ata 
took ! veil at n9ete5 ye>s ( age1 aga9/ 
h] incl9ation1 hav+ previ\sly be5       
initiat$ 9 ! my/]ies ( wit*craft1 :i* %e

 cont9u$ to practise = fifty ye>s1 "u ! 
cloak ( punctual att5dance to discipl9e 
& pret5d$ piety4 ,%e 0 long 9 ! /ation (
 sub-prioress1 & w\ld1 = h] capacity1 h 
be5 promot$ to ! rank ( prioress1 _h %e 
n betray$ a c]ta9 discont5t ) !         
ecclesia/ical life1 a c]ta9 contr>iety  
to h] sup]iors1 some?+ half express$    
only ( inw>d dissatisfaction4 ,r5ata _h 
n v5tur$ to let any "o ab\t ! conv5t    
into h] confid5ce1 & %e rema9$ free f   
suspicion1 not)/&+ t1 f "t to "t1 "s ( !
 nuns1 ei!r f ! h]bs %e mix$ ) _! food1 
or ?r\gh sympa?y1 _h /range seizures1 ( 
:i* "s di$4 ,r5ata became at l5g?       
extravagant & ungu>d$ 9 h]              
wit*-prop5sities1 p>tly f long security1
 p>tly f desire ( /rong] excitem5t--made
 noises 9 ! dormitory1 & utt]$ %rieks 9 
! g>d52 w5t at nights into ! cells ( !  
nuns to p9* & torm5t !m1 to assi/ h] 9  
:i* %e kept a consid]able supply ( cats4
 ,! removal ( ! keys ( ! cells c\nt]act$
 ?is annoyance2 b a /ill m effici5t     
means 0 a det]m9$ bl[1 on ! "p ( a nun1 

/ruck at ! aggressor ) ! p5it5tial      
sc\rge "o night1 on ! morn+ foll[+ :i*  
,r5ata 0 obs]v$ to h a black eye & cut  
face4 ,?is ev5t awak5$ suspicion aga9/  
,r5ata4 ,!n "o ( ! nuns1 :o 0 mu*       
e/eem$1 decl>$1 believ+ h]self ^u h]    
dea?-b$1 t1 8z %e %ortly expect$ to /&  
be=e h] ,mak]1 ,r5ata 0 uncanny2 t %e _h
 (t5 at nights be5 visibly torm5t$ by   
h]1 & t %e w>n$ h] to desi/ f ?is       
c\rse40 ,g5]al al>m arose1 & appreh5sion
 ( ,r5ata's arts2 & "o ( ! nuns1 :o     
previ\sly _h _h fits1 n[ became         
possess$1 &1 9 ! p>oxysms1 told ! wilde/
 tales aga9/ ,r5ata4 ,x is only wond]ful
 h[ ! sub-prioress contriv$ to keep h]  
gr\nd s _m ye>s aga9/ ^! suspicions &   
incrim9ations4 ,%e adroitly put aside ! 
ins9uations ( ! nun z imag9>y1 or (     
calumni\s int5tion1 & treat$ wit*craft &
 possession ( ! ,devil z ?+s :i*        
enlight5$ p no long] believ$ 94 ,z1     
h[ev]1 five m ( ! nuns1 ei!r tak+ !     
infection f ! fir/1 or influ5c$ by !    
arts ( ,r5ata1 became possess$ ( devils1

 & unanim\sly attack$ ,r5ata1 ! sup]iors
 c\ld no long] avoid mak+ a s]i\s       
inve/igation ( ! *>ges4 ,r5ata 0 conf9$ 
to a cell alone1 :]eupon ! six devils   
scree*$ 9 *orus at be+ depriv$ ( _!     
fri5d4 ,%e _h begg$ to be all[$ to take 
h] pap]s ) h]2 b ?is be+ refus$1 & ?9k+ 
h]self detect$1 %e at once av[$ to h]   
confessor & ! sup]iors t %e 0 a wit*1 _h
 le>n$ wit*craft out ( ! conv5t1 & _h   
bewit*$ ! six nuns4 ,!y det]m9$ to keep 
! matt] secret1 & to attempt ! conv]sion
 ( ,r5ata4 ,&1 z ! nuns /ill cont9u$    
possess$1 !y despat*$ h] to a remote    
conv5t4 ,"h1 "u a %[ ( outw>d piety1 %e 
/ill w5t on ) h] attempts to realize    
wit*craft1 & ! nuns rema9$ possess$4 ,x 
0 decid$ at l5g? to give ,r5ata ov] to !
 civil p[]4 ,%e 0 accord+ly condemn$ to 
be burn$ alive2 b 9 mitigation (        
puni%m5t1 h] head 0 fir/ /ruck (f4 ,f\r 
( ! possess$ nuns gradually recov]$1 )  
cl]ical assi/ance--! o!r two rema9$     
d]ang$4 ,r5ata 0 execut$ on ! #ba/      
,janu>y1 #agdi4  ,r5ata /at$1 9 h]      

volunt>y confession1 t %e _h (t51 at    
night1 be5 c>ri$ bodily to wit*-sabba?s1
 9 "o ( :i* %e 0 fir/ pres5t$ to !      
,pr9ce ( ,d>kness1 :5 %e abjur$ ,god & !
 ,virg9 at ! same "t4 ,h] "n1 ) !       
alt]ation ( ,m>ia into ,emma1 0 writt5 9
 a black book1 & %e h]self 0 /amp$ on ! 
back z ! ,devil's prop]ty2 9 return =   
:i* %e receiv$ ! promise ( sev5ty ye>s (
 life1 & ( all %e might wi% =4 ,%e /at$ 
t %e _h (t5 at night gone into ! cell> (
 ! *ateau & drank ! be/ w9e2 9 ! %ape ( 
a s[ _h walk$ on ! conv5t walls2 on !   
bridge _h milk$ ! c[s z !y pass$ ov]2 & 
sev]al times _h m+l$ ) ! actors 9 !     
!atre 9 ,london4     ,,lett] ,x4        
,,mesm]ism4--,use ( *lor(orm--,hi/ory ( 
,mesm]--,! true nature  & ext5t ( 8     
discov]y--,its applications to m$ic9e & 
surg]y--,v>i\s effects produc$ by       
mesm]ic manipulations--,hy/]ic          
seizures--,/4 ,veitz's dance--,n]v\s    
p>alysis--,cato*us--,initiatory         
trance--,! ord] 9 :i* ! high] trance    
ph5om5a are aft]w>ds  g5]ally drawn out4

   ,c no fur!r use be made ( ! facts &  
pr9ciples we h ?us se5 v]ifi$ &         
e/abli%$1 ?an to expla9 a class (       
delusions :i* prevail$ 9 times (        
ignorance8 ,! p[]s :i* we h se5         
successfully employ$ to %ake ! n]ves &  
unsettle ! m9d 9 ! s]vice ( sup]/ition1 
c !y n be skilfully turn$ to "s purpose 
b5eficial to society8  ,a satisfactory  
answ] to ! "q may be f\nd 9 ! inv5tion (
 e!r-inhalation1 & 9 ! hi/ory (         
mesm]ism4 ,! wit* n>cotiz$ h] pupils 9  
ord] to produce 9 !m delusive visions2 !
 surgeon /upefies 8 pati5t to annul !   
pa9 ( an op]ation4 ,! fanatic prea*]    
excites convulsions & trance 9 8        
auditory z evid5ce ( ! work+ ( ! ,holy  
,_s2 ,mesm] produc$ ! same effects 9 8  
pati5ts z a means ( cur+ disease4  ,x   
occurr$ to ,mr4 ,jackson1 a *emi/ ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 t x might be possible    
h>mlessly to /upefy a pati5t ?r\gh !    
inhalation ( ! vap\r ( sulphuric e!r1 to
 su* an ext5t t a surgical op]ation w\ld
 be unfelt by him4 ,he communicat$ !    

idea to ,mr4 ,morton1 a d5ti/1 :o c>ri$ 
x into execution ) ! happie/ results4 ,!
 pati5t became ins5sible2 a too? 0      
extract$2 no pa9 seem$ felt at ! "t1 or 
0 rememb]$ aft]w>ds1 & no ill           
consequ5ces foll[$4 ,l$ by ! report (   
?is success1 9 ! c\rse ( ! autumn (     
#ahdf1 ,messrs4 ,bigel[1 ,w>r51 &       
,heywood1 v5tur$ to employ ! same means 
9 surgical op]ations ( a m s]i\s        
description4 ,! results obta9$ on ^!    
occasions 7 n less satisfactory ?an !   
fir/ _h be54 ,s9ce !n1 9 ,engl&1        
,france1 & ,g]many1 ! same int]e/+      
exp]im5t has be5 repeat$ _m hundr$      
times1 & ! adoption ( ?is1 or ( a       
p>allel me?od1 has become g5]al 9       
surg]y4  ,i )draw f ! pres5t ,lett] a   
sket* :i* ,i _h made f ! 8report0 ( ,dr4
 ,heyfeld]1 ( ! ph5om5a ( e!rization2 = 
a ye> _h b>ely elaps$1 :5 ! n>cotiz+    
ag5t recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,jackson 0       
sup]s$$ by ano!r1 sugge/$ & br\ght into 
use by ,pr(essor ,simpson ( ,ed9burgh4  
,! inhalation ( *lor(orm is f\nd to be m

 rapid1 uni=m1 & c]ta9 9 its effects1 & 
compassable 9 a simpl] mann]1 ?an !     
inhalation ( e!r4 ,its brief ph5om5a are
 w\nd up by ! production ( /upor2 !y are
 remotely comp>able to ^? produc$ by    
alcohol4 ,alas6 ! "t is pass$ :5 ,i     
enjoy$ ! means ( look+ ?r\gh1 & =m+ a   
practical judgm5t ^u discov]ies l !     
pres5t4 ,n ! less1 h[ev]1 d ,i hail !   
adv5t ( ?is z a boon to ! art ( surg]y4 
,! conception 0 orig9al1 bold &         
reasonable2 its execution neat &        
sci5tific2 its success wond]ful4 ,x     
e/abli%$ 9 ! ye> #ahdg1 to !            
satisfaction ( ! public & ( ! m$ical    
pr(ession1 t ! exclusion ( pa9 f        
surgical op]ations is a practicable     
idea1 & ! attempt to realize x a        
legitimate pursuit4  ,!n1 :at is        
,mesm]ism8  ,! object ( ! inv5tor ( !   
art 0 to cure diseases ?r\gh ! influ5ce 
( a new =ce br\ght by him to be> ^u !   
human frame4  ,tal5t1 = philosophy or   
bus9ess1 is ! p[] ( see+ :at is yet     
hidd5 f o!rs4 ,z ! eyes ( "s animals are

 fitt$ to see be/ 9 ! d>k1 s ! m5tal    
vision ( "s orig9al m9ds pref]s ex]cis+ 
itself on obscure & occult subjects4    
,:oev] indulges ?is turn w c]ta9ly pass 
= a *>latan2 mo/ likely he w prove "o4  
,mesm] _h x1 & indulg$ x1 9 a high      
degree4 ,! body ( sci5ce :i* ,i h       
unfold$ 9 ! prec$+ ,lett]s 0 :olly      
unkn[n 9 8 "t1 7he 0 born 9 #agcd27 b he
 0 l$ by 8 wayw>d in/9ct to grope aft] x
 9 ! d>k1 & he seiz$ & br\ght to upp]   
light fragm5t>y elem5ts ( /range        
capabilities1 :i* he /rove to int]pret &
 to use4 ,he _h e>ly display$ a bias    
t[>ds ! my/ical4 ,:5 a /ud5t at ,vi5na1 
7he 0 by bir? a ,swiss17 8 pr9cipal /udy
 0 a/rology4 ,he s\ght 9 ! />s a =ce    
:i*1 ext5d+ ?r\gh\t space1 might        
influ5ce ! be+s liv+ ^u our planet4 ,9 !
 ye> #agff he publi%$ 8 lucubrations4 ,9
 attempt+ to id5tify 8 imag9>y =ce1     
,mesm] fir/ suppos$ x to be electricity4
 ,aft]w>ds1 ab\t ! ye> #aggc1 he adopt$ 
! idea t x mu/ be magnetism4 ,s at      
,vi5na1 f #aggc to #agge1 he employ$ !  

practice ( /rok+ diseas$ p>ts ( ! body )
 magnets4 ,b 9 #aggf1 happ5+ to be ^u a 
t\r1 he fell 9 ) a my/ical monk ( ! "n (
 ,gassn]1 :o 0 !n occupi$ 9 cur+ !      
,pr9ce-,bi%op ( ,ratisbon ( bl9dness1 by
 exorcism4 ,!n ,mesm] obs]v$ t1 )\t     
magnets1 ,gassn] produc$ mu* ! same     
effects on ! liv+ body :i* he _h produc$
 ) !m4 ,! fact 0 n lo/ ^u him3 he ?rew  
aside 8 magnets1 & op]at$ mo/ly aft]w>ds
 ) ! h& alone4 ,x appe>s t he 0 (t5     
successful 9 cur+ disease1 or t 8       
pati5ts n only exp]i5c$ s5sible effects 
f 8 proc$ures1 b frequ5tly recov]$ f _! 
compla9ts4 ,b 9 #aggg1 8 reputation1 :i*
 mu/ h always hung ^u a v sl5d] ?read1  
broke d[n ?r\gh a failure 9 ! case ( !  
musician ,p>adies4 ,s ,mesm] left       
,vi5na1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> betook himself 
to ,p>is4 ,!re he obta9$ a success :i*  
quickly drew ^u him ! indignation1      
p]haps ! jeal\sy1 ( ! ,faculty1 :o fail$
 n to /igmatize him z a *>latan4 ,!y    
exclaim$ aga9/ him = practis+ an art :i*
 he w\ld n divulge2 & :5 he (f]$ to     

display x1 av]r$ t he ?rew difficulties 
9 ! way ( _! inve/igations4 ,p]haps he  
suspect$ !m ( want ( fairness 9 _!      
inquiries2 p]haps he 0 really unwill+ to
 "p ) 8 secret4 ,he refus$ an (f] f !   
,gov]nm5t ( #bj1jjj francs if he w\ld   
disclose x2 b he communicat$ freely to  
individuals1 "u a pl$ge ( secrecy1 all  
he knew = a hundr$ l\is4 ,8 practice    
itself gave mo/ support to ! allegations
 aga9/ him4 ,8 pati5ts 7 receiv$ ) an   
air ( my/]y & /udi$ effect4 ,! ap>tm5t1 
hung ) mirrors1 0 dimly light$4 ,a      
pr(\nd sil5ce 0 obs]v$1 brok5 only by   
/ra9s ( music1 :i* occasionally float$  
?r\gh ! rooms4 ,! pati5ts 7 seat$ r\nd a
 sort ( vat1 :i* conta9$ a het]og5e\s   
mixture ( *emical +r$i5ts4 ,) ?is1 & )  
ea* o!r1 !y 7 plac$ 9 relation by means 
( cords1 or jo9t$ rods1 or by hold+ h&s2
 & among !m sl[ly & my/]i\sly mov$      
,mesm] himself1 affect+ "o by a t\*1    
ano!r by a look1 a ?ird by passes ) 8   
h&1 a f\r? by po9t+ ) a rod4  ,:at      
foll[$ is easily conceivable f ! sc5es  

ref]r$ to 9 my la/ lett] z witness$ at  
religi\s revivals4 ,"o p]son became     
hy/]ical1 !n ano!r2 "o 0 seiz$ )        
catalepsy2 o!rs ) convulsions2 "s )     
palpitations ( ! he>t1 p]spirations1 &  
o!r bodily di/urbances4 ,^! effects1    
h[ev] v>i\s & diff]5t1 w5t all by ! "n (
 8salut>y crisis40 ,! me?od 0 suppos$ to
 provoke 9 ! sick p]son exactly ! k9d ( 
action propiti\s to 8 recov]y4 ,& x may 
easily be imag9$ t _m a pati5t f\nd     
himself ! bett] aft] a c\rse ( ?is rude 
empiricism1 & t ! effect made by ^!     
ev5ts pass+ daily 9 ,p>is mu/ h be5 v   
consid]able4 ,to ! ignorant ! sc5e 0    
full ( wond]m5t4  ,to ourselves1 reg>d+ 
x f our pres5t vantage-gr\nd1 x pres5ts 
no m>vell\s *>act]s4 ,! ph5om5a 7 ! same
 :i* we h be5 rec5tly contemplat+--a    
gr\p ( disord]s ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,!     
causes :i* 7 pres5t are n less famili>  
to u1 nor _! capability ( produc+ su*   
effects2 !y 7--m5tal excitem5t1 "h      
consi/+ 9 rais$ expectation & fe>2 !    
contagi\sness ( hy/]ia1 convulsions1 &  

trance1 its =ce increas$ by ! numb]s &  
close-pack+ ( ! pati5ts2 ! ,od =ce1     
develop$ by ! *emical action 9 ! *>g$   
caldron1 develop$ by ea* ( ! excit$     
bodies ar\nd1 its action fir/ fav\r$ by 
! absolute /illness obs]v$1 !n by !     
increas+ s5sibility ( ! pati5ts z _!    
n]ves became m & m %ak54 ,x is rem>kable
 t ,jussieu--! mo/ compet5t judge 9 !   
commission ( inquiry into ! tru? (      
mesm]ism1 set on foot at ,p>is 9 #aghd1 
( :i* ,frankl9 0 a memb]1 & :i* condemn$
 mesm]ism z an impo/ure--0 s /ruck ) :at
 he saw1 t he /rongly recomm5d$ !       
subject to ! att5tion & /udy (          
physicians4 ,8 objections 7 aga9/ ! !ory
 alone4 ,he laid x d[n 9 ! sep>ate      
report :i* he gave 91 t no physical     
cause _h be5 prov$ to be 9 op]ation     
beyond animal heat6 curi\sly ov]look+ ! 
fact t common heat w\ld n produce !     
effects obs]v$2 &1 !re=e1 t ! latt] mu/ 
h be5 ow+ to t some?+ :i* animal heat1  
or ! radiat+ w>m? ( a liv+ body1        
conta9s1 9 addition to common heat4 ,t  

some?+ we n[ "k1 b only s9ce #ahde1 to  
be ! ,od =ce4  ,! ,od =ce is s new1 s "y
 9 sci5ce1 t ,mesm]'s reputation has n  
yet be5 cr$it$ ) ! hon\r !nce reflect$  
^u x4 ,i w n say t ,mesm]'s a/ral =ce 0 
a di/9ct anticipation ( ,von ,rei*5ba*'s
 discov]y1 :i* 0 n[ays sugge/$ by ! =m]1
 & 0 f fir/ to la/ an ef=t ( inductive  
obs]vation4 ,b ! guess ( ! my/ic _h     
c]ta9ly a mo/ happy p>allelism to !     
tru?1 :i* a diff]5t sort ( m9d track$ 9 
! same field2 = ! ,od =ce rea*es u ev5 f
 ! />s1 & ! sun & ! fix$ />s are        
,od-negative2 & ! planets & ! moon      
,od-positive4 ,x is unnecess>y to foll[ 
,mesm] ?r\gh 8 m9or p]=mances4 ,! relief
 sometimes obta9$ by /rok+ diseas$ p>ts 
) ! h&--t is1 ! effects obta9$ ?r\gh !  
local action ( ,od--_h be5 be=e         
proclaim$ by ,dr4 ,greatrex1 ^:         
pret5sions _h _h no less an advocate ?an
 ! ,hon\rable ,rob]t ,boyle4 ,!         
extraord9>y tales ( ,mesm]'s p]sonal p[]
 ov] individuals are probably "p        
exagg]ation1 "p real results ( 8        

confid5ce & skill 9 ! use ( ! means he  
wield$4 ,mesm] di$ 9 #ahae4  ,among 8   
pupils1 :5 at ! z5i? ( 8 fame1 0 !      
,m>quis de ,puysgur4 ,return+ f s]v+ at 
! siege ( ,gibralt>1 ?is "y (fic] f\nd  
mesm]ism ! mode at ,p>is1 & appe>s to h 
become1 = no o!r reason1 "o ( !         
initiat$4 ,at ! end ( a c\rse (         
in/ruction1 he pr(ess$ himself to be no 
wis] ?an :5 x began2 & he ridicul$ !    
cr$ulity ( 8 bro!rs1 :o 7 /an* adh]5ts (
 ! new doctr9e4 ,h[ev]1 he did n =get 8 
lesson2 & on go+ ! same spr+ to 8 e/ate 
at ,besancy1 ne> ,soissons1 he took     
occasion to mesm]ize ! daught] ( 8 ag5t 
& ano!r "y p]son1 = ! too?a*e1 & !y     
decl>$ !mselves1 9 a few m9utes1 cur$4  
,?is que/ionable success 0 suffici5t to 
lead ,m4 de ,puysgur1 a few days aft]1  
to try 8 h& on a "y peasant ( ! "n (    
,victor1 :o 0 suff]+ ) a sev]e fluxion  
on 8 *e/4 ,:at 0 ,m4 de ,puysgur's      
surprise1 :51 at ! end ( a few m9utes1  
,victor w5t (f into a k9d ( tranquil    
sleep1 )\t crisis or convulsion1 & 9 t  

sleep began to ge/iculate & talk1 & ent]
 into 8 private affairs4 ,!n he became  
sad2 & ,m4 de ,puysgur tri$ m5tally to  
inspire him ) *e]ful ?\ghts2 he humm$ a 
lively tune to himself inaudibly1 &     
imm$iately ,victor began to s+ ! air4   
,victor rema9$ asleep = an h\r1 & awoke 
compos$1 ) 8 symptoms mitigat$4  ,! case
 ( ,victor revolutioniz$ ! art (        
mesm]ism4 ,! l>ge "p ( 8 life1 9 :i* ,m4
 de ,puysgur _h no?+ to d b to foll[ ?is
 ve9 ( inquiry1 0 occupi$ 9 practis+ &  
advocat+ a g5tle manipulation to produce
 sleep1 9 pref]5ce to ! m excit+ means  
:i* l$ to ! viol5t crises 9 ,mesm]'s    
art4 ,i h no plea = tell+ h[ ,m4 de     
,puysgur s]v$ 9 ! fir/ ,fr5*            
revolution>y armies2 h[ he quitt$ !     
s]vice 9 disgu/2 h[ n>r[ly he escap$ !  
guillot9e2 h[ he liv$ 9 retirem5t       
aft]w>ds1 b5evol5tly endeav\r+ to d good
 to 8 sick neighb\rs by means (         
mesm]ism2 h[ he surviv$ ! ,re/oration2 &
 h[1 f9ally1 he di$ ( a cold caught by  
s]v+ 9 ! encampm5t at ,rheims1 at !     

coronation ( ,*>les ,x4  ,= he _h       
fulfill$ 8 mission ! day t he put       
,victor to sleep4 ,he _h made a va/     
/ride 9 advance ( 8 tea*]4 ,n b t ,mesm]
 mu/ frequ5tly h induc$ ! same          
condition2 b he _h pass$ x by unhe$$ z  
"o only ( num]\s equival5t =ms ( salut>y
 crises2 or t ,m4 de ,puysgur himself   
e/imat$1 or _h ! means ( e/imat+1 ! real
 nature & value ( ! /ep :i* he _h made4 
,to himself he appe>$ to be w9n+ a l>g] 
doma9 = mesm]ism1 :5 9 fact he _h em]g$ 
into an indep5d5t field1 into :i*       
mesm]ism happ5$ to h a gate4  ,! /ate   
:i* he _h induc$ 9 ,victor 0 common     
trance1 ! initiatory sleep1 foll[$ by   
half-wak+4 ,he _h obta9$ ?is result by  
us+ ! ,od =ce ) quietness & g5tl5ess1   
leav+ out ! excit+ m5tal ag5cies to :i* 
! mixture ( viol5t seizures 9 ,mesm]'s  
practice is attributable4 ,! g5tl] me?od
 has be5 adopt$ & practis$ by !         
successors ( ,m4 de ,puysgur1 by        
,deleuze1 ,b]tr&1 ,georget1 ,ro/an1     
,foissac1 ,elliotson1 & o!rs4 ,to ,dr4  

,elliotson1 ! mo/ successful probably1  
c]ta9ly ! mo/ sci5tific employ] ( !     
practice ( mesm]ism1 ! cr$it is due (   
hav+ introduc$ its use into ,engl&3 !   
cr$it1--= x requir$ no little moral     
c\rage to enc\nt] ! /orm ( opposition ) 
:i* 8 hone/ zeal 9 ! advocacy ( an      
unpopul> practical tru? 0 met4 ,x is b  
fair to add1 t ?\gh 8 !ory has be5      
sup]s$$1 & 8 me?od *ang$1 to ,mesm]     
belongs ! m]it ( hav+ fir/ track$ out & 
realiz$ ?is pa? ( discov]y4 ,! gold5    
m$al is 84  ,! mod]n practice ( mesm]ism
 contemplates two objects3 "o1 !        
application ( ! ,od =ce to produce local
 effects2 ! o!r1 its employm5t to induce
 trance4 ,9 ! pres5t slight sket* ,i    
%all say no?+ on ! fir/ subject2 b let  
me describe h[ trance is induc$4 ,x is  
to be obs]v$1 t att5tion to c]ta9       
conditions fav\rs v mu* ! success ( !   
exp]im5t4 ,! room %\ld n be too light2 v
 few p]sons %\ld be pres5t2 ! pati5t & !
 op]ator %\ld be quiet1 tranquil1 &     
compos$2 ! pati5t %\ld be fa/+4 ,!      

op]ator has !n only to sit d[n be=e !   
pati5t1 :o is likewise sitt+ ) 8 h&s    
re/+ on 8 knees1 & g5tly clos$1 ) !     
?umbs upw>ds4 ,! op]ator !n lays 8 h&s  
half-op5 ^u ! pati5t's1 press+ ! ?umbs  
aga9/ ^? ( ! pati5t1 z x 7 tak+ ?umbs3  
?is is a m conv5i5t attitude ?an tak+   
h&s 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! op]ator & pati5t 
h !n only to sit /ill4 ,an ,od-curr5t is
 e/abli%$2 & if ! pati5t is susceptible1
 he w soon become dr[sy1 & p]haps be    
entranc$ at ! fir/ sitt+4 ,in/ead ( ?is1
 ! two h&s ( ! op]ator may be held      
horizontally ) ! f+]s po9t$ to !        
pati5t's =ehead1 & ei!r ma9ta9$ 9 ?is   
position1 or br\ght d[nw>ds 9 frequ5t   
passes opposite to ! pati5t's face1     
%\ld]s1 arms2 ! po9ts ( ! f+]s be+ held 
z ne> ! pati5t z possible )\t t\*+4  ,x 
is easy1 !oretically1 to expla9 !       
b5eficial results :i* foll[ f ! daily   
induction ( trance = an h\r or s1 9     
v>i\s =ms ( disord] ( ! n]v\s sy/em1--9 
epilepsy1--9 tic-doloreux1--9 n]v\s     
palsy1 & ! l4 ,z long z ! /ate ( trance 

is ma9ta9$1 s long is ! n]v\s sy/em 9 a 
/ate ( repose4 ,x is m or less          
completely put out ( ge>4 ,x exp]i5ces !
 same relief :i* a spra9$ jo9t feels :5 
y dispose x 9 a relax$ position on a    
pill[4 ,a *ance is ?us giv5 to ! /ra9$  
n]ves ( recov]+ _! tone ( heal?2 & x is 
wond]ful h[ _m cases ( n]v\s disord] get
 well at once ?r\gh ^! simple means4 ,z 
x is c]ta9 t !re is no disease 9 :i* !  
n]v\s sy/em is n prim>ily or second>ily 
implicat$1 x is impossible to =esee :at 
w prove ! limit to ! b5eficial          
application ( mesm]ism 9 m$ical         
practice4  ,9 op]ative surg]y ! art is n
 less available4 ,9 trance ! pati5t is  
ins5sible1 & a limb may be remov$ )\t ! 
op]ation excit+ di/urbance ( any k9d4 ,&
 :at is equally important1 9 all !      
aft]-treatm5t1 at e dress+1 ! process ( 
mesm]iz+ may be resort$ to aga91 ) no   
possible disadvantage1 b be+ r soo?+ &  
useful to ! pati5t1 indep5d5tly ( !     
ext9ction ( ! dread & suff]+ ( pa94 ,!  
fir/ in/ance 9 :i* an op]ation 0 p]=m$  

on a pati5t 9 ?is /ate 0 ! celebrat$    
case ( ,madame ,plant94 ,x occurr$ tw5ty
 ye>s ago4 ,! lady 0 sixty-f\r ye>s (   
age1 & lab\r$ "u scirrhus ( ! brea/4 ,%e
 0 prep>$ = ! op]ation by ,m4 ,*apla91  
:o on sev]al successive days ?rew h]    
into trance by ! ord9>y mesm]ic         
manipulations4 ,%e 0 !n l an ord9>y     
sleep-walk]1 & w\ld conv]se ) indiff]5ce
 ab\t ! contemplat$ op]ation1 ! idea (  
:i*1 :5 %e 0 9 h] natural /ate1 fill$ h]
 ) t]ror4 ,! op]ation ( remov+ ! diseas$
 brea/ 0 p]=m$ at ,p>is on ! #ab? (     
,april1 #ahbi1 by ,m4 ,jules ,cloquet2 x
 la/$ f t5 to twelve m9utes4 ,dur+ !    
:ole ( ?is "t ! pati5t1 9 h] trance1    
conv]s$ calmly ) ,m4 ,cloquet1 &        
exhibit$ n ! slighte/ sign ( suff]+4 ,h]
 expression ( c\nt5ance did n *ange2 nor
 0 ! voice1 ! brea?+1 or ! pulse at all 
affect$4 ,aft] ! w\nd 0 dress$1 ! pati5t
 0 awak5$ f ! trance1 :5 on le>n+ t !   
op]ation 0 ov]1 & see+ h] *ildr5 r\nd   
h]1 ,madame ,plant9 0 affect$ )         
consid]able emotion1 :]eupon ,m4        

,*apla91 to compose h]1 put h] back into
 ! /ate ( trance4  ,i copy ! above      
p>ticul>s f ,dr4 ,foissac's ,rapports et
 ,discussions de l',acadmie ,royale de  
,mdec9e sur le ,magnetism               
,animal4--,p>is1 #ahcc4 ,my fri5d1 ,dr4 
,w>r51 ( ,bo/on1 in=m$ me t1 be+ at     
,p>is1 he _h ask$ ,m4 ,jules ,cloquet if
 ! /ory 7 true4 ,m4 ,cloquet answ]$1    
8,p]fectly40 8,!n :y10 said ,dr4 ,w>r51 
8h y n repeat$ ! practice80 ,m4 ,cloquet
 repli$ 8t he _h n d>$2 t ! prejudice   
aga9/ mesm]ism 0 s /rong at ,p>is t he  
probably w\ld h lo/ 8 reputation & 8    
income by s do+40  ,x has be5 m5tion$ t 
9 ord9>y trance ! m9d appe>s to ga9 new 
p[]s4 ,= a long "t we _h to tru/ to !   
*ance turn+ up ( cases ( spontane\s     
trance1 9 ! exp]i5ce ( physicians (     
obs]vation1 = any light we c\ld hope    
w\ld be ?r[n on ^? extraord9>y ph5om5a2 
n[ we possess ar\nd u1 on e side1       
adequate opportunities = completely     
elucidat+ ^! ev5ts1 if we please to     
employ !m4 ,! philosoph]1 :5 8          

speculations sugge/ a new "q to be put1 
c summon ! att5dance ( a trance z easily
 z ! ,jupit] ( ! ,iliad summon$ a dream2
 or1 look+ out = two or ?ree cases to   
:i* ! induction ( trance may be         
b5eficial1 ! physician may h 9 8 h\se   
subjects = p]petual ref]5ce & daily     
exp]im5t4  ,a g5tleman1 ) :om ,i1 h long
 be5 well acqua9t$1 = _m ye>s *airman ( 
! ,qu>t] ,sessions 9 a nor!rn c\nty1 (  
:i* dur+ a late ye> he 0 high %]iff1    
has1 l ,m4 de ,puysgur1 amus$ "s ( 8    
leisure h\rs1 & b5evol5tly done n a     
little good1 by tak+ ! tr\ble ( mesm]iz+
 invalids1 :om he has ?us re/or$ to     
heal?4 ,9 con/ant correspond5ce )1 &    
occasionally hav+ ! pleasure ( see+ ?is 
g5tleman1 ,i h le>n$ f him ! common     
c\rse 9 :i* ! new p[]s ( ! m9d1 :i*     
belong to trance1 are develop$ "u its   
artificial induction4 ,! sket* :i* ,i   
propose to give ( ?is subject w be tak5 
f 8 descriptions1 :i*1 ,i %\ld obs]ve1  
tally 9 all ess5tial po9ts ) :at ,i meet
 ) 9 ,fr5* & ,g]man au?ors4 ,! little t 

,i h myself se5 ( ! matt]1 ,i w m5tion  
prelim9>ily4  ,9 "s1 in/ead ( trance1 a 
common fit ( hy/]ics is produc$2 9 o!rs1
 slight heada*e1 & a s5se ( weight on ! 
eyebr[s1 & difficulty ( rais+ ! eyelids1
 sup]v5e4  ,9 "o "y woman1 :om ,i saw   
mesm]is$ = ! fir/ "t by ,dupotet1 no?+  
result$ b a s5se ( prick+ & t+l+ :]ev]  
he po9t$ ) 8 h&2 & h] arm1 on "o or two 
occasions1 jump$ 9 ! mo/ natural &      
conclusive mann] :51 h] eyes be+ cov]$1 
he direct$ 8 out/ret*$ f+] to x4  ,a    
g5tleman1 ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age1 :5 !   
mesm]is] held 8 out/ret*$ h&s po9t$ to 8
 head1 exp]i5c$ no disposition to sleep2
 b 9 two or ?ree m9utes he began to %ake
 8 head & twi/ 8 features ab\t2 at la/1 
8 head 0 j]k$ f side to side1 & =w>ds & 
backw>ds1 ) a viol5ce t look$ al>m+4 ,b 
he said1 :5 x 0 ov]1 t ! motion _h n be5
 unpleasant2 t he _h mov$ 9 a sort      
volunt>ily--al?\gh he c\ld n refra9 f x4
 ,if ! h&s ( ! op]ator 7 po9t$ to 8 arm 
in/ead ( 8 head1 ! same viol5t j]ks     
ensu$1 & gradually ext5d$ to ! :ole     

body4 ,i ask$ him to try to resi/ !     
influ5ce1 by hold+ 8 arm out 9 /rong    
muscul> t5sion4 ,?is _h ! effect (      
ret>d+ ! attack ( ! j]ks1 b1 :5 x came  
on1 x 0 m viol5t ?an usual4 ,i h lately 
se5 ano!r simil> case4 ,! seizure is    
evid5tly a =m ( ,/4 ,veitz's dance      
br\ght out by ! op]ation ( ! ,od =ce4 ,9
 nei!r ( ^! two cases c\ld trance be    
induc$4  ,a s]vant ( m9e1 ag$ ab\t      
tw5ty-five1 0 mesm]iz$ by ,lafonta9e1 = 
a full half-h\r1 &1 no effect appe>+ to 
be produc$1 ,i told him he might rise f 
! *air & leave u4 ,on gett+ up he look$ 
uneasy1 & said 8 arms 7 numb4 ,!y 7     
p]fectly p>alyz$ f ! elb[s d[nw>ds1 &   
numb to ! %\ld]s4 ,?is 0 ! m            
satisfactory1 t nei!r ! man himself1 nor
 ,lafonta9e1 nor ! f\r or five          
spectators1 expect$ ?is result4 ,!      
op]ator triumphantly drew a p9 & /uck x 
into ! man's h&1 :i* bl$1 b _h no feel+4
 ,!n he$lessly1 to %[ x gave pa91       
,lafonta9e /uck ! p9 into ! man's ?igh1 
^: fla%+ eye1 & half suppress$ gr[l1    

d5ot$ t ! aggression w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 
return$ by ano!r1 _h ! arm :i* %\ld h   
done x n be5 really p[]less4 ,h[ev]1 ,m4
 ,lafonta9e made peace ) ! man1 by      
re/or+ him ! use & feel+ ( 8 arms4 ,?is 
0 done by du/+ !m1 z x 71 by quick      
transv]se motions ( 8 ext5d$ h&s4 ,9    
five m9utes no?+ rema9$ ( ! palsy b a   
slight /iffness1 :i* gradually wore (f 9
 ! c\rse ( ! ev5+4  ,occasionally p>tial
 tonic spasm 7improp]ly t]m$ catalepsy1 
= x is ( ! nature ( cato*us1 & !        
rigidity att5d+ x is absolute7 sup]v5es 
z ! only consequ5ce ( mesm]is+ a limb4  
,?is result1 :i* is n less al>m+ to !   
pati5t :o has n be5 l$ to expect x ?an !
 prec$+1 may be got rid ( 9 ! same way4 
,if y po9t ) y\r f+]s to ! rigid        
muscles1 or aga91 z x 71 du/ ! limb )   
brisk transv]se passes1 or brea! ^u x1 !
 /iffness is ?aw$ & disappe>s4 ,trance  
is seldom induc$ by mesm]ic passes )\t m
 or less p>tial muscul> rigidity ( ?is  
k9d sup]v5+2 x always yields to ! means 
:i* h be5 m5tion$4  ,g5u9e & ord9>y     

trance ,i h se5 produc$ by ! same       
manipulations 9 f ?ree m9utes to        
half-an-h\r4 ,! pati5t's eyelids h      
dropp$1 he has appe>$ on ! po9t (       
sleep+1 b he has n sunk back ^u 8 *air2 
!n he has cont9u$ to sit                
upright--seem+ly p]fectly ins5sible to !
 l\de/ s\nds1 or ! acute/ & mo/ />tl+   
impressions on ! s5se ( t\*4 ,! pulse is
 commonly a little increas$ 9 frequ5cy2 
! brea?+ is sometimes heavi] ?an usual4 
,occasionally1 z 9 ,victor's case1 !    
pati5t quickly & spontane\sly em]ges f !
 /ate ( trance-sleep into trance        
half-wak+--a rapidity ( developm5t :i*  
,i am p]suad$ occurs mu* m frequ5tly    
among ! ,fr5* ?an ) ! ,engli% or        
,g]mans4 ,engli% pati5ts1 especially1 = 
! mo/ "p require a long c\rse (         
education1 _m sitt+s1 to h ! same p[]s  
drawn out4 ,& ^! are by f> ! mo/ int]e/+
 cases4 ,i w describe1 f ,mr4           
,williamson's acc\nt1 ! c\rse he has    
usually foll[$ 9 develop+ 8 pati5t's    
p[]s1 & ! ord] 9 :i* !y h manife/$      

!mselves4  ,on ! fir/ day1 p]haps1 no?+ 
c be elicit$4 ,b aft] "s m9utes1 ! /upor
 seems1 z x 71 less emb>rass+ to !      
pati5t1 :o appe>s less heavily slumbr\s1
 & brea!s light] aga93 or x may be !    
rev]se1 p>ticul>ly if ! pati5t is       
epileptic2 aft] a little1 ! brea?+ may  
be deep]1 ! /ate "o ( less composure4   
,po9t+ ) ! h&s to ! pit ( ! /oma*1 lay+ 
! h&s ^u ! %\ld]s1 & sl[ly mov+ !m along
 ! arms d[n to ! h&s1 ! :ole ) ! utmo/  
quietude & composure on ! "p ( !        
op]ator1 w dispel ?is oppression4  ,& ! 
int]e/ ( ! fir/ sitt+ is conf9$ to !    
process ( awak5+ ! pati5t1 :i* is "o ( !
 mo/ m>vell\s ph5om5a ( ! :ole4 ,!      
op]ator lays 8 two ?umbs on ! space     
betwe5 ! eyebr[s1 & z x 7 vigor\sly     
smoo?s or irons ! eyebr[s1 rubb+ !m f )9
 outw>ds sev5 or eight times4 ,^u ?is1 !
 pati5t probably raises 8 head & 8      
eyebr[s1 & draws a deep] brea?1 z if he 
w\ld yawn2 he is half awake1 & bl[+ ^u !
 eyelids1 or ! repetition ( ! previ\s   
op]ation1 or du/+ ! =ehead by sm>t      

transv]se wav+s ( ! h&1 or bl[+ ^u x1   
causes ! pati5t's c\nt5ance to become   
animat$2 ! eyelids op51 he looks ab\t   
him1 recognises y1 & beg9s to speak4 ,if
 any feel+ ( heav9ess rema9s1 any weight
 or pa9 ( ! =ehead1 ano!r repetition ( !
 same manipulations sets all "r4 ,& yet 
?is pati5t w\ld n h be5 awak5$ if a gun 
_h be5 fir$ at 8 e>1 or 8 arm _h be5 cut
 (f4  ,at ! next sitt+1 or ! next to t1 
! liv+ /atue beg9s to wake 9 its tranc$ 
life4 ,! op]ator holds "o h& ov] !      
opposite h& ( 8 pati5t1 & makes z if he 
w\ld draw ! pati5t's h& upw>ds1 rais+ 8 
own ) %ort successive j]ks1 yet n too   
abrupt4 ,!n ! pati5t's h& beg9s to foll[
 82 &1 (t5 hav+ asc5d$ "s in*es1 /ops 9 
! air cato*ally4 ,?is fix$ /ate is      
always reliev$ by transv]se bru%+s ) !  
h&1 or by brea?+ 9 addition1 on ! rigid 
limb4 ,& x is mo/ curi\s to see ! :ole  
bodily frame1 ov] :i* spasmodic         
rigidness may h crept1 ?us ?aw$ jo9t by 
jo9t4 ,!n ! fir/ effect %[n commonly is 
?is motion1 ! pati5t's h& foll[+ !      

op]ator's4 ,at ! same sitt+ he beg9s to 
he>1 & !re is intellig5ce 9 8 c\nt5ance 
:5 ! op]ator pron\nces 8 "n3 p]haps 8   
lips move1 & he beg9s to answ] p]t95tly1
 z 9 ord9>y sleep-walk+4 ,b he he>s !   
op]ator alone be/1 & him ev5 9 a :isp]4 
,y\r voice1 if y %\t1 he does n he>3    
unless y take ! op]ator's h&1 & !n he   
he>s y too4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 n[ !       
proximity ( o!rs seems 9 "s way to be   
s5sible to him2 & he appe>s uneasy :5 !y
 cr[d close ^u him4 ,x seems t ! =ce ( !
 relation betwe5 ! op]ator & 8 pati5t   
naturally goes on increas+1 z ! p[]s ( !
 sleep-walk] are develop$2 b t ?is is n 
necess>ily ! case1 & dep5ds ^u its be+  
enc\rag$ by mu* comm]ce betwe5 !m1 & !  
exclusion ( o!rs f jo9+ 9 ?is           
trance-communion4  ,& n[ !              
pati5t--beg9n+ to wake 9 trance1 he>+ & 
answ]+ ! que/ions ( ! op]ator1 mov+ ea* 
limb1 or ris+ ev51 z ! op]ator's h& is  
rais$ to draw him into ob$i5t           
foll[+--ent]s into a new relation ) 8   
mesm]is]4 ,he adopts sympa!tically e    

volunt>y movem5t ( ! o!r4 ,:5 ! latt]   
rises f 8 *air1 he rises2 :5 he sits    
d[n1 he sits d[n3 if he b[s1 he b[s2 if 
he makes a grimace1 he makes ! same4    
,yet 8 eyes are clos$4 ,he c]ta9ly does 
n see4 ,8 m9d has int]p5etrat$ to a     
small ext5t ! n]v\s sy/em ( ! op]ator2 &
 is 9 relation ) 8 volunt>y n]ves & !   
ant]ior half ( 8 cranio-sp9al *ord4 7,^!
 are ! organs by :i* ! impulse to       
volunt>y motion is convey$ & orig9at$47 
,fur!r into ! o!r's be+ he has n yet    
got4 ,s he does n :at ! o!r ?9ks (1 or  
wi%es him to d3 b only :at ! o!r ei!r   
does1 or goes ?r\gh ! m5tal "p ( do+4 ,s
 ,victor sang ! air :i* ,m4 de ,puysgur 
only m5tally humm$4  ,! next /range     
ph5om5on m>ks t ! m9d ( ! entranc$      
pati5t has int]p5etrat$ ! n]v\s sy/em ( 
! o!r a /ep f>!r1 & is 9 relation       
besides ) ! po/]ior half ( !            
cranio-sp9al *ord & its n]ves4 ,= n[ !  
entranc$ p]son1 :o has no feel+1 or     
ta/e1 or smell ( 8 own1 feels1 ta/es1 & 
smells e ?+ t is made to tell on ! s5ses

 ( ! op]ator4 ,if mu/>d or sug> be put 9
 8 own m\?1 he seems n to "k t !y are   
!re2 if mu/>d is plac$ on ! tongue ( !  
op]ator1 ! entranc$ p]son expresses     
great disgu/1 & tries z if to spit x    
out4 ,! same ) bodily pa94 ,if y pluck a
 hair f ! op]ator's head1 ! o!r compla9s
 ( ! pa9 y give him4  ,to /ate 9 !      
close/ way :at has happ5$3 ,! ph5om5a ( 
sympa!tic motion & sympa!tic s5sation   
?us display$ are exactly su* z might be 
expect$ to foll[1 if ! m9d or consci\s  
pr9ciple ( ! entranc$ p]son 7 br\ght    
into relation ) ! cranio-sp9al *ord ( ! 
op]ator & its n]ves1 & ) no f>!r portion
 ( 8 n]v\s sy/em4 ,lat]1 x w be se51 !  
int]p5etration c ext5d f>!r4  ,b1 be=e  
?is happ5s1 a new ph5om5on manife/s     
itself1 n ( a sympa!tic "*4 ,! op]ator  
contrives to wake ! entranc$ p]son to ! 
k t he possesses new faculties4 ,he     
develops 9 him new organs ( s5sation1 or
 r helps to ha/5 8 recognition ( _!     
possession4  ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 
t sev]al :o c be entranc$ _c be br\ght z

 f> z ! pres5t /ep4 ,o!rs make a        
tantaliz+ half-advance t[>ds rea*+ x    
?us1 & !n /op4 ,!y are ask$1--8,d y see 
any ?+80 ,aft] "s days1 at l5g? !y answ]
 8,yes40 8,:at80 8,a light40 8,:]e is ! 
light80 ,!n !y intimate its place to be 
ei!r be=e !m1 or to "o side1 or above or
 beh9d !m4 ,& !y describe ! col\r ( !   
light1 :i* is commonly yell[i%4 ,& ea*  
day x is po9t$ to 9 ! same direction1 & 
is se5 equally :e!r ! room be light or  
d>k4 ,_! eyes 9 ! mean "t are clos$4 ,& 
"h ) _m ! ph5om5on /ops4 ,o!rs 9 ?is    
light n[ beg9 to disc]n objects held 9 !
 direction 9 :i* !y see x4 ,! range (   
?is new visual organ1 & ! conditions "u 
:i* x acts1 are diff]5t 9 diff]5t       
in/ances4 ,sometimes ! object mu/ be    
close1 sometimes x is be/ se5 at a %ort 
di/ance2 b se5 x is4 ,! foll[+ exp]im5t1
 :i* is decisive1 0 made at my          
sugge/ion3 ,a g5tleman /&+ beh9d !      
entranc$ p]son held beh9d him a pack (  
c>ds1 f :i* he drew sev]al 9 succession1
 &1 )\t see+ !m himself1 pres5t$ !m to !

 new visual organ ( ! pati5t4 ,9 ea*    
case %e nam$ ! c>d "r4 ,! degree ( light
 suit$ to ?is new mode ( vision is      
v>iable3 sometimes bright daylight is   
be/2 sometimes !y pref] a mod]ate light4
 ,"s di/+ui% figure & col\r :5 ! room is
 s d>k t ! by/&]s c di/+ui% nei!r4  ,^! 
obs]vations1 :i* are1 h[ev]1 only 9     
con=mity ) simil> evid5ce f _m o!r      
qu>t]s1 ,i give on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,j4
 ,w4 ,williamson ( ,wickham1 ! g5tleman 
to :om ,i h be=e allud$4 ,! foll[+      
accid5tal features1 att5d+ !            
manife/ation ( transpos$ s5ses1 7 fur!r 
obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,williamson3--  ,9 mo/ ( 
! p]sons 9 :om ,mr4 ,williamson has     
br\ght out transpos$ vision1 ! faculty  
has be5 locat$ 9 a small surface ( !    
scalp beh9d ! left e>2 & to see objects 
well1 ! pati5t has held !m at ! di/ance 
( five or six in*es f & opposite to ?is 
spot4 ,"o "y woman1 :o _h be5 tempor>ily
 set aside "u affliction = ! loss ( a   
relative1 on ! exp]im5ts be+ resum$1 saw
 f all p>ts ( ! head1 b confus$ly1 a    

brok5 & incomplete picture4 ,on a       
subsequ5t day1 %e saw ) ! "r side ( h]  
head4 ,aft]w>ds ! visual s5se return$ to
 its fir/ place4  ,9 "o "y p]son1 ! new 
s5ti5t organ 0 on ! top ( h] head1 & to 
see objects %e requir$ !m to be br\ght  
into contact ) x4 ,once t %e _h a       
rheumatic cold & t5d]ness ( ! scalp1 %e 
said1 :5 entranc$1 putt+ h] h& to ! cr[n
 ( h] head1 t ! cold _h made h] eyes    
sore4  ,"o p]son saw objects be/ :5     
plac$ beh9d h] at ! di/ance ( sev5 or   
eight feet4  ,! gov]ness 9 a neighb\r+  
family 0 mesm]is$ = tic-dol\reux4 ,9    
sev5 sitt+s %e 0 cur$4 ,at ! second     
sitt+1 9 h] trance %e exhibit$ displac$ 
s5sation4 ,%e c\ld read ) h] f+]-ends2  
h] way 0 to hold ! book op5 aga9/ h]    
*e/1 ! back ( ! book t[>ds h]1 ) "o h&2 
!n %e pass$ a f+] ( ! o!r h& sl[ly ov]  
ea* ^w1 to read x4  ,! "p-physical "* ( 
^! ph5om5a is %[n by an obs]vation (    
,dr4 ,petet9's on ! fir/ ( 8 cataleptic 
pati5ts4 ,at ! "t t ! pati5t he>d ) !   
pit ( h] /oma*1 he f\nd t if ) ! f+]s ( 

"o1 say ! left h&1 he t\*$ ! pit ( h]   
/oma*1 & :isp]$ to ! f+]s ( 8 "r h&1 !  
pati5t he>d him2 b if ! left h& 0 remov$
 to ! smalle/ possible di/ance f !      
pati5t1 ! contact be+ int]rupt$1 %e no  
long] he>d him4 ,!n he made a *a9 ( sev5
 p]sons1 hold+ ea* o!r's h&s4 ,! ne>e/  
to ! pati5t 0 h] si/]1 :o t\*$ ! pit (  
h] /oma*2 at ! o!r end 0 ,dr4 ,petet91  
:o :isp]$ to 8 f+]s1 & 0 he>d4 ,a cane 0
 !n introduc$ z "p ( ! circuit--! pati5t
 /ill he>d2 b if a /ick ( seal+-wax1 or 
a glass rod1 0 sub/itut$ = x1 or if "o (
 ! p>ty wore silk gloves1 ! pati5t c\ld 
no long] he> ,dr4 ,petet94 ,)\t close   
obs]vation1 :at is physical 9 ! ph5om5a 
:i* h ?us engag$ u is liable to be      
ov]look$2 & ! by/&] may class !m z      
examples ( lucidity1 :i* !y are n4      
,organic co-op]ation may be trac$ 9 !m  
all4 ,?us1 among ,mr4 ,williamson's     
e>li] exp]im5ts1 he tri$1 sitt+ be=e !  
entranc$ p]son1 7:o _h %[n no lucidity17
 by imag+ /rongly to himself a :ite     
horse1 to =ce ! image into h] m9d4 ,:51 

be+ awak5$1 %e _h left ! room1 on h] way
 %e said to h] fell[-s]vant1 8,:at 0 x  
ma/] said to me ab\t a :ite horse8 ,i am
 sure he said some?+40 ,mr4 ,williamson1
 on le>n+ ! maid's rem>k1 suppos$ 8     
m5tal op]ation _h be5 successful4 ,b !  
same exp]im5t1 :5 repeat$1 mo/ly fail$4 
,at la/ he f\nd out :y3 ,x only succe$$ 
:51 9 8 m5tal urg5cy1 he half made 9 8  
own ?roat ! motions ( ! s\nds t express$
 ! m5tal image4 ,!n1 & !n only1 ! pati5t
 caught x4 ,= h] m9d c\ld n read 8      
?\ghts1 b z yet _h p5etrat$ ! inf]ior "p
 ( ! n]v\s sy/em only1 ! cranio-sp9al   
cord2 &1 be+ !re1 _h adopt$             
sympa!tically ! volunt>y impulses t 7   
!re p]=m$2 s %e half-mov$ ! muscles ( h]
 own vocal organs to express ! idea1 & f
 t--its imp]fect expression--receiv$ x  
into h] ?\ghts4 ,no d\bt ! ph5om5on (   
,victor's s++ ! words to ,m4 de         
,puysgur's m5tally humm$ air 0 ! same ) 
! above1 & n "o ( mesm]ic lucidity1 !   
subject :i* we are n[ approa*+4  ,b ,i  
pause2--& g no fur!r4  ,= my object 9 ^!

 ,lett]s1 g5]ally1 has be5 to e/abli%   
pr9ciples4 ,& ! ph5om5a ( lucidity      
develop$ 9 artificial trance h be5 only 
! same z1 & h n be5 z yet made m ( ?an1 
! lucidity ( catalepsy4 ,no fur!r       
pr9ciple has yet em]g$ f _! /udy2 & my  
special object 9 ?is ,lett] has be5 to  
p]suade ! oppon5ts ( mesm]ism to d x    
ju/ice2 & ,i ?9k ,i am mo/ likely to    
atta9 my end by n attempt+ to prove too 
mu*4  ,s t no?+ rema9s = me to d1 b to  
obs]ve ! =m 9 :i* ^! ,lett]s 7 orig9ally
 %ap$1 9 recollection ( ! pleasant h\rs 
:i* ! resid5ce ( y\r family at ,bopp>d1 
dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahdd-e1 caus$ me1 & to   
say f9ally1    ,,de> ,,ar*y1 ,f>ewell4  
,,lett] ,,xi4                           
,,supplem5tal4--,abnormal neuro-psy*ical
 relation---,cautions necess>y  9       
receiv+ trance                          
communications--,trance-visit+--,mesm]is
+ at  a di/ance1 & by ! w--,mesm]ic     
diagnosis & treatm5t (                  
disease--,prevision--,ultra-vital       
vision4   ,! pr9cipal alt]ations made 9 

8! ,lett]s0 = ! pres5t edition comprise 
an expansion ( my acc\nt ( 8trances (   
spontane\s occurr5ce10 & ! introduction 
( great] precision into our elem5t>y    
conceptions ( ! relations ( ! m9d &     
n]v\s sy/em4  ,lett]s ,v41 ,,vi41       
,,vii41 & ,,viii41 e/abli% t ! mo/ />tl+
 ph5om5a 9 popul> sup]/itions1 & ! mo/  
wond]ful p]=mances by mesm]is$ p]sons1  
are b repetitions ( ev5ts1 ! occurr5ce (
 :i*1 z symptoms (1 or z con/itut+1     
c]ta9 r>e =ms ( n]v\s attacks1 h be5    
indep5d5tly au!nticat$ & put on record  
by physicians ( cr$it4 ,lett]s ,,ii4 &  
,,ix4 exemplify ! mode 9 :i* sup]/ition 
has dress$ up trance-ph5om5a2 z lett]s  
,,iii4 & ,,iv4 display ! contributions  
%e has levi$ on s5sorial illusions1 !   
,od =ce1 & normal exoneural psy*ical    
ph5om5a4 ,lett] ,x4 describes ! me?od ( 
induc+ trances artificially1 :]eby !y   
may be reproduc$ at pleasure1 ei!r 9 !  
int]e/s ( philosophical inquiry1 or =   
important practical purposes4  ,i       
d$icate ! pres5t ,lett] to !            

reconsid]ation ( ! mo/ knotty po9ts     
already h&l$1 & to ! inve/igation ( a   
few o!r que/ions1 ! solution ( :i* is n 
less difficult4  ,i4 ,hypo!sis ( an     
,abnormal ,psy*ico-neural ,relation z ! 
ess5ce ( trance4--,i admit t x is a v   
clumsy exp$i5t to assume t ! m9d c1 z x 
71 get loose 9 ! liv+ body1 &1 :ile     
rema9+ !re 9 a p>tially new alliance1   
ex]cise "s ( its faculties 9 unaccu/om$ 
organs--:i* organs lose1 = ! same "t1 _!
 normal p>ticipation 9 consci\sness2 &  
f>!r1 t ! m9d c1 p>tially inde$1 b s    
completely dis5gage itself f ! liv+     
body1 t its p[]s ( appreh5sion may range
 ) :at we are accu/om$ to consid] !     
prop]ties ( free _s1 unlimit$ly z to    
space & "t4 ,i adopt ! hypo!sis ^u      
compulsion--t is to say1 because ,i see 
no o!r way ( acc\nt+ = ! mo/ rem>kable  
trance-ph5om5a4 ,9 due "t1 x is to be   
expect$ t a simple inductive expression 
( ! facts w take ! place ( my hypo!tical
 explanation4 ,b n ! less may ! latt]1  
crude z x is1 prove ( tempor>y use1 by  

br++ toge!r 9 a connect$ view _m new &  
div]sifi$ ph5om5a1 & plant+ ! subject 9 
a position fav\rable = sci5tific        
scrut9y4  ,let me arrange1 9 _! mo/     
p]suasive ord]1 ! facts :i* seem to     
ju/ify ! hypo!sis above enunciat$4  #a4 
,9 _m cases ( wak+-trance1 ! pati5t does
 n see ) 8 eyes1 he> ) 8 e>s1 nor ta/e )
 8 tongue1 & ! s5se ( t\* appe>s to h   
des]t$ ! sk94 ,at ! same "t1 ! pati5t   
sees1 he>s1 & ta/es ?+s appli$ to ! pit 
( ! /oma*1 or sees & he>s ) ! back ( !  
head1 or tips ( ! f+]s4  #b4 ,9 ! fir/  
imp]fect trance-wak+ f initiatory       
trance1 ! pati5t's appreh5sion ( s5su\s 
impressions (t5 appe>s to h entirely    
des]t$ 8 own body1 & to be 9 relation ) 
! s5ti5t app>atus 9 8 mesm]is]'s        
frame--=1 if y pull 8 hair1 or put mu/>d
 9 8 m\?1 he does n feel ei!r2 b he is  
actually alive to ! s5sations :i* ^!    
impressions excite1 if ! hair ( !       
mesm]is] is pull$1 or mu/>d plac$ on !  
mesm]is]'s tongue4 ,! s5sations excit$  
?us 9 ! mesm]is]1 & ^! alone1 ! entranc$

 p]son realizes z 8 own s5sations4  #c4 
,ab\t ! same "t1 ! entranc$ p]son       
displays no w ( 8 own1 b 8 volunt>y     
muscles execute ! ge/ures :i* 8 mesm]is]
 is mak+1 ev5 :5 /&+ beh9d 8 back4 ,8 w 
takes its guidance f sympa?y ) ! ex]t$ w
 ( ! o!r4  #d4 ,pres5tly1 if 8          
trance-faculties cont9ue to be develop$1
 ! entranc$ p]son ent]s into            
communication ) ! entire m9d ( 8        
mesm]is]4 ,8 appreh5sion seems to       
p5etrate ! bra9 ( ! latt]1 & is capable 
( read+ all 8 ?\ghts4  #e4 ,9 ! la/ ?ree
 /eps1 ! appreh5sion ( ! entranc$ p]son 
appe>s to h left 8 own be+ to ! ext5t   
describ$1 & to h ent]$ into relation ) !
 m9d or n]v\s sy/em ( ano!r p]son4 ,n[1 
if ! pati5t become /ill m lucid1 8      
appreh5sion seems to range abroad ?r\gh 
space1 & to id5tify mat]ial objects1 &  
p5etrate ! m9ds ( o!r human be+s1 at    
indef9ite di/ances4  #f4 ,at l5g? !     
entranc$ p]son displays ! p[] ( reveal+ 
future ev5ts--a p[] :i*1 z f> z x       
relates to ?+s sep>ate f 8 own bodily   

organization1 or t ( o!rs1 seems to me  
to %[ t 8 appreh5sion is 9 relation )   
high] spiritual natures1 or ) ! ,f\nta9 
( ,tru? itself4  ,9 ! foll[+ pages ,i h 
giv5 examples ( ^? ( ! p[]s "h attribut$
 to v lucid clairvoyantes1 :i* ,i h n   
previ\sly in/anc$4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,,ii4             
,transposition ( ! ,s5ses4--,no d\bt ^! 
ph5om5a1 irregul> z !y seem at pres5t1  
foll[ a def9ite law1 :i* has to be      
det]m9$ by future obs]vations &         
exp]im5ts4 ,mr4 ,williamson f\nd "s ( 8 
clairvoyantes see ) ! back ( ! head1 "s 
) ! side ( ! head--"s be/ at sev5 in*es1
 o!rs at z _m feet (f4 ,9 ! case :i*    
,mr4 ,bulteel report$ to me1 ! lady read
 ) h] h& & f+]s2 ev5 :5 he press$ a note
 aga9/ ! back ( h] neck1 %e read x      
in/antly3 b 9 ?is case actual contact 0 
necess>y4 ,9 ! case ( a gov]ness1       
artificially br\ght to ! /ate (         
wak+-trance by ,mr4 ,williamson1 ! same 
faculty 0 obs]v$4 ,) "o h& %e us$ to    
hold op5 ! book to be read1 re/+ x aga9/

 h] *e/1 ! pages be+ turn$ away f h]3 ! 
cont5ts ( ^! %e read flu5tly1 t\*+ !    
words ) ! =ef+] ( ! o!r h&4 ,9 "o v     
int]e/+ case1 :i* ,i witness$ "h 9 !    
autumn ( #ahdi1 ! "y lady1 clairvoyant  
?r\gh mesm]ism1 sitt+ 9 ! corn] ( a s(a1
 some?+ recl9$1 w\ld h se51 _h %e peep$ 
?r\gh a l9e> ap]ture betwe5 h] seem+ly  
clos$ eyelids1 ! l[] half ( ?+s only4 ,z
 x 01 ! rev]se 0 ! fact2 & :5 we ask$ h]
 :at %e saw1 %e told u ! cornice & upp] 
"p ( ! room4 ,!n1 )\t say+ any ?+1 ,i   
rais$ my cap ^u my /ick to )9 h] decl>$ 
range ( trance-vision2 %e exclaim$1     
8,ah1 ,guilleaume ,tell60 ,h] "m1 :om %e
 he>d speak1 b _h n hi!rto se51 9 ?is   
trance1 %e recognis$ at once1 :5 %e /ood
 up ^u a *air4 ,to read1 9 ?is trance1  
appe>$ a v pa9ful ef=t to h]2 b %e 0    
c]ta9ly able to make out "s words :5 %e 
press$ a writt5 pap] aga9/ h] =ehead4 ,x
 0 evid5t t %e c\ld n[ visually disc]n  
?+s by "s new faculty ( appreh5sion     
localiz$ !re4 ,to enable h] to see ?+s  
at a few feet di/ance1 !y _h equally to 

be plac$ opposite to h] =ehead4 ,9 ano!r
 case1 9 :i* ! girl1 :5 entranc$1       
c]ta9ly saw ) ! knuckles ( "o h&1 on    
sme>+ ! back ( t h& ) ink1 %e c\ld no   
long] see ) x4  ,! above in/ances %[ h[ 
v>i\s are ! features att5d+ !           
transposition ( "o s5se alone 9 wak+    
trance2 & !y sugge/ a multitude (       
exp]im5ts4 ,i rememb]1 9 #ahch1 on      
communicat+ facts ( ?is k9d to a        
cle>-head$ practical man1 he rais$ ?is  
objection to _! cr$ibility3 8,if we c   
see )\t eyes1 :y has ! ,creator giv5 u  
eyes60 ,! objection is speci\s en\gh1 b 
x admits ( an obvi\s answ]4 ,! /ate (   
trance is "o ( disease1 transi5t &      
tempor>y2 x is dur+ its p]si/5ce only t 
?is new p[] ( appreh5sion is manife/$4  
,9 our natural /ate1 ! m9d is int5d$ to 
op]ate & try exp]i5ces 9 subord9ation to
 matt]1 & ?r\gh def9ite mat]ial organs1 
9 :i* x is1 9 tru?1 imprison$4 ,su* is !
 law ( our normal mortal be+4           
,accord+ly1 :5 ! trance is ov]1 & ! m9d 
has return$ to its normal relations ) ! 

body1 all its trance-appreh5sions are   
=gott5 by x--!y =m no "p ( our moral    
life4         99       99       99      
99       99  ,,iii4 ,s\rces ( ,error 9 !
 communications ( entranc$ p]sons4--,i  
put aside cases ( delib]ate deception2 b
 :5 p]sons are really entranc$1 !y are  
liable1 9 v>i\s ways1 to be deceiv$     
!mselves1 & to deceive o!rs1 z to !     
value ( _! revealm5ts4 ,!re is (t51 9   
wak+ trance1 a great vivacity &         
disposition to be communicative f !     
fir/4 ,^?1 aga91 :o h frequ5tly be5 ?r[n
 into trance1 & h become famili> ) _!   
new condition1 are g5]ally anxi\s to %9e
 9 x1 & make a display4 ,?is disposition
 is fur!r height5$ :5 ! entranc$ p]son  
expects to be rew>d$ = 8 p]=mance4  #a4 
,:5 indulg+ _! lively fancy1 !y are     
liable to h a sort ( wak+ dream1 dur+   
:i* !y describe imag9>y sc5es ) !       
precision & m9ut5ess ( reality1 &       
repres5t !m z actual1 pass+ at "s place 
!y "n4  #b4 ,!y are liable to recall pa/
 impressions1 & to deliv] bits ( old    

conclusions = intuitions4  #c4 ,!y are  
liable to adopt ! ?\ghts ( o!rs :o may  
be ne> !m1 especially ^? ( _! mesm]is]1 
& to deliv] !m z trance-revelations4    
#d4 ,9 "o in/ance :i* came to my k1 a "y
 lady1 previ\sly unacqua9t$ ) ma!matics 
or a/ronomy1 w\ld1 :5 entranc$1 & sitt+ 
) h] "m & si/]1 write flu5tly (f pages (
 an a/ronomical treatise1 calculations1 
diagrams1 & all4 ,%e av]r$ & believ$ 9  
h] entranc$ /ate--=1 :5 awake1 x 0 all a
 my/]y to h]--t ?is p]=mance 0 ! product
 ( an intuition4 ,h] manuscript 0       
aft]w>ds f\nd to run ^w = ^w ) an       
article 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica4 ,t
 book1 h[ev]1 /ood 9 ! libr>y1 9 a      
remote "p ( ! h\se4 ,%e c]ta9ly _h x n )
 h] :5 %e us$ to scribble its cont5ts2  
nor did %e rememb] ev] hav+ look$ into  
x1 awake or asleep4 ,%e said--:5        
entranc$1 & ?is _h be5 f\nd out--t %e   
believ$ %e read ! book z x /ood 9 !     
libr>y4  #e4 ,) "s imp]fectly lucid     
pati5ts1 ! ex]cise ( _! new faculties   
appe>s to be fatigu+1 & to call = great 

ex]tion4 ,s !y are occasionally )       
difficulty l$ to answ] at all2 & !n :5  
inconsid]ately press$1 !y are tempt$ to 
say any ?+1 j to be left tranquil4  ,x  
is difficult to say h[ ! prec$+ s\rces (
 error are to be effectually gu>d$      
aga9/4 ,possibly1 by rigid tra9+ f !    
fir/1 ! pati5t might be br\ght to       
di/+ui% false prompt+s f g5u9e          
intuitions4 ,b ev5 ! latt] v>y 9        
lucidity & c]ta9ty4 ,?is admission 0    
made to a fri5d ( m9e by ,m4 ,alexis1 ! 
celebrat$ ,p>isian clairvoyante4 ,!     
read] _c fail to be int]e/$ by ! foll[+ 
acc\nt1 giv5 by ,m4 ,alexis :5 entranc$1
 ( 8 own p[]s1 & _! mode ( op]ation3--  
8,p\r voir des objets loigns10 obs]v$   
,m4 ,alexis1 8mon me ne se dgage pas de 
mon corps4 ,c'e/ ma volont qui drige mon
 me1 mon esprit1 sans sortir de cette   
*ambre o je suis4 ,si mon me sortit1 je 
s]ais mort2 c'e/ ma volont4 ,ma volont  
suffit p\r anantir p\r quelque tems la  
matire4 ,a9si qu& cette volont e/ en    
jeu1 la boite matrielle de mon individu 

n'e/ plus4 ,les murs1 l'espace1 et mme  
le tems1 n'exi/5t plus4 ,mais ce n'e/   
qu'un rve plus ou mo9s lucide4          
,quelquefois ma vue e/ meilleure qu'    
d'autres4 ,ma vue n'e/ jamais la mme4   
,une fois je suis dispos p\r voir une   
sorte de *oses1 et une autre fois une   
autre sorte4 ,en reg>dant votre *ambre  
dans un qu>ti] loign d'ici1 je ne vois  
pas les rues ni les maisons             
int]mdiaires4 ,la seule *ose 7alors7 qui
 e/ dans la p5se e/ la p]sonne qui me   
p>le4 ,je vois les objets d'une manire  
plus incomplte que p> mes s5s1 mo9s     
sure4 ,il s]ait impossible de fair      
compr5dre comm5t je vois4 ,plus il y a  
de l'attraction--plus j'pr\ve de        
l'attraction aux objets que je veux     
voir1 ou qui me t\*e--plus il y a de    
lumire2 plus j'pr\ve de rpulsion1 plus  
il y a de tnbres40         99       99  
99       99       99  ,,iv4 ,( !        
,diff]5t ,qualities ( ,od 9 diff]5t     
individuals4--,von ,rei*5ba* obs]v$ !   
,od light to h diff]5t col\rs "u diff]5t

 circum/ances1 & t1 :ile ,od-negative   
produces ! s5sation ( a draft ( cool    
air1 ,od positive produces a s5se z ( a 
draft ( w>m air4 ,an easy way to v]ify !
 la/ ph5om5on is to beg "s "o to hold ! 
=ef+] ( ! "r h& po9t$ to y\r left palm1 
at a qu>t] ( an in* di/ance1 & aft]w>ds 
8 left =ef+] to y\r "r palm1 :5 ! two   
s5sations1 & _! diff]5ce1 are           
appreciable by ! majority ( p]sons4     
,p]sons entranc$ by mesm]ic proc$ures   
are (t5 ke5ly alive to ! above          
impressions4 ,!y see light emanat+ f !  
f+]-tips ( ! mesm]is]1 & feel an        
agreeable afflatus f 8 manipulations4   
,o!rs :o approa* !m affect !m 9 diff]5t 
ways--"s n disagreeably1 :ile o!rs      
excite a *illy1 %iv]+ feel+1 & ! pati5t 
begs !y w keep (f f him4  ,a g5tleman   
n>rat$ to me ! foll[+ case4 ,he _h be5 =
 mon?s 9 anxi\s att5dance ^u a bro!r :o 
0 9 v delicate heal?1 & exquisitely     
s5sitive to mesm]ism4 ,my fri5d us$     
himself to mesm]ise 8 bro!r2 b he f\nd x
 necess>y1 9 ord] to soo! & n excite him

 by ! passes1 to cov] ! pati5t ) a fold$
 blanket1 s z to dull ! ag5cy ( 8       
,od-emanation4 ,!re 0 b ano!r p]son1 (  
sev]al :o _h be5 tri$1 ^: h& ! bro!r    
c\ld be> at all2 ?is 0 a maid-s]vant1 :o
 h]self 0 highly susceptible1 & became  
entranc$4 ,%e said t %e p]ceiv$1 :5     
entranc$1 ! suitabl5ess ( h] influ5ce1 &
 t ( ! bro!r1 to ! pati5t2 & %e us$ !   
s+ul> expression1 t !y 7 ne>ly ( a      
col\r4 ,%e said t ! pati5t's            
,od-emanation 0 ( a p9k col\r1 & t !    
bro!r's 0 a brick col\r--a flatt]1      
deep]1 r$2 & %e endeav\r$ to f9d "s "o  
else ) ! same col\r$ ,od to suit h]     
ma/]4  ,9 "s exp]im5ts made at ,dr4     
,leighton's h\se 9 ,g[] ,/reet1 ,i      
rememb] x 0 di/9ctly prov$ t ea* ( !    
exp]im5t]s produc$ diff]5t effects on ! 
same p]son4 ,! pati5t 0 "o ( ! ,okeys1 (
 mesm]ic celebrity4 ,! p>ty consi/$ (   
,dr4 ,elliotson1 ,mr4 ,:eat/one1 ,dr4   
,grant1 ,mr4 ,ki]nan1 & "s o!rs4 ,mr4   
,:eat/one tabulat$ ! results4 ,ea* ( u  
mesm]is$ a sov]eign2 & x 0 f\nd t on ea*

 trial ! trance-coma1 :i* contact ) !   
?us mesm]is$ gold induc$1 _h a          
*>act]i/ic duration = ea* ( u4 ,is x    
possible t ea* liv+ p]son has 8         
di/+ui%able measure ( ,od1 ei!r 9       
int5sity or quality8         99       99
       99       99       99  ,v4 ,!     
,od-,=ce is ! usual *annel ( e/abli%+   
mesm]ic relation4--,i take x = grant$ t 
! ,od-=ce--! exi/5ce & "s ( ! prop]ties 
( :i* h be5 inductively asc]ta9$ by ,von
 ,rei*5ba*--is ! same ag5t ) t :i*      
,mesm] assum$ to be ! in/rum5t 9 8      
op]ations4 ,!n1 9 support ( ! above     
proposition1 ,i cite two in/ances4 ,mr4 
,williamson1 at my reque/1 mesm]is$ &   
entranc$ ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,fox at ,weilba*1 
9 ! autumn ( #ahdg4 ,x 0 ! second sitt+1
 & ,mr4 ,fox 0 beg9n+ to pass f !       
initiatory /age ( trance into trance    
half-wak+4 ,mr4 ,williamson address$    
him1 & he return$ an answ]4 ,o!r p>ties 
9 ! room1 includ+ myself1 !n address$   
,mr4 ,fox1 & he seem$ n to he> "o ( u4  
,!n ,mr4 ,williamson gave me 8 h&1 & ,i 

aga9 spoke to ,mr4 ,fox2 he !n he>d me1 
& spoke 9 answ]4 ,:51 hav+ left g ,mr4  
,williamson's h&1 ,i spoke aga9 to ,mr4 
,fox1 he he>d me n4 ,on my r5ew+ contact
 ) ,mr4 ,williamson1 ,mr4 ,fox he>d me  
aga94 ,he he>d me z long z ,i 0 br\ght  
into relation ) him1 & t relation 0     
cle>ly due to ! e/abli%m5t ( an         
,od-curr5t betwe5 myself & ,mr4         
,williamson1 ) :om ,mr4 ,fox 0 already 9
 trance-relation4 ,e "o :o has se5      
some?+ ( ,mesm]ism w recognise 9 ! above
 /ory "o ( its commone/ ph5om5a4  ,b a m
 conclusive in/ance /ill has be5 already
 m5tion$ 9 ,lett] ,x4 ,m4 ,petet9 made a
 *a9 ( sev5 p]sons hold+ h&s1 ! sev5?   
hold+ ! h& ( a cataleptic pati5t1 :o at 
t "t he>d by h] f+]s only4 ,:5 ,dr4     
,petet9 spoke to ! f+]s ( ! fir/1 i4 e4 
! mo/ remote1 p]son ( ! *a91 !          
cataleptic p]son he>d him z well z if he
 _h spok5 to h] own f+]s4 ,ev5 :5 a /ick
 0 made to =m "p ( ! circuit1 !         
cataleptic /ill he>d ,dr4 ,petet9's     
:isp]1 utt]$ at ! o!r end ( ! *a94 ,n s1

 h[ev]1 if "o ( ! p>ties =m+ ! *a9 wore 
silk gloves4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,,vi4             
,trance-,id5tification ( p]sons at a    
di/ance by means ( mat]ial objects4--,a 
v lucid clairvoyante1 h] eyes be+ b&ag$1
 recognises n ! less1 )\t prep>ation or 
ef=t1 e acqua9tance pres5t 9 ! room2    
describes _! dress1 ! cont5ts ( _!      
purses1 or ( lett]s 9 _! pockets1 &     
reads _! inn]mo/ ?\ghts4 ,an ord9>y     
clairvoyante usually requires ! contact 
( ! p>ty's h& ) :om x is propos$ to br+ 
h] into trance-relation2 !n only does %e
 fir/ "k any ?+ ab\t h] new pati5t4 ,x  
_c be d\bt$ t1 9 ! latt] case1 x is !   
e/abli%m5t ( an ,od-curr5t betwe5 ! two 
t enables ! m9d ( ! clairvoyante to     
p5etrate ! int]ior be+ ( ! visit]1--j z1
 9 ! humble/ effects ( common mesm]ism1 
a relation is s5sibly e/abli%$ betwe5 ! 
p>ty entranc$ & h] mesm]is]1 ?r\gh !    
,od-curr5t :i* he _h previ\sly direct$  
^u h]1 9 ord] to produce ! trance4 ,s   
f>1 all is !oretically cle> en\gh4  ,b  

h[ is ! e/abli%m5t ( ! same relation    
betwe5 ! clairvoyante & a p>ty :olly    
unkn[n to h]1 & resid+ _m miles (f1 to  
be expla9$1 :5 ! only visible m$ium (   
physical connexion employ$ has be5 a    
lock ( hair or a lett] writt5 by !      
di/ant p>ty1 & plac$ 9 ! h&s ( !        
clairvoyante8 ,let me beg9 by giv+ !    
explanation1 & aft]w>ds exemplify !     
ph5om5on out ( my own exp]i5ce4  ,i     
conceive t ! lock ( hair1 or ! lett] on 
:i* 8 h& has re/$1 is *>g$ ) ! ,od-fluid
 emanat+ f ! di/ant p]son2 & t !        
clairvoyante measures exactly ! =ce &   
quality ( ?is dose ( ,od1 &1 z x 71     
individualizes x4 ,!n1 us+ ?is clue1    
di/ance be+ annihilat$ to ! entranc$    
m9d1 x seeks =1 or is drawn t[>ds1      
:atev] !re is m ( ?is same individual   
,od quality any :]e 9 space4 ,:5 t is   
f\nd1 ! p>ty s\ght is id5tifi$1 & br\ght
 into relation ) ! clairvoyante1 :o     
proce$s =?) to tell all ab\t him4  ,n[ =
 an exemplification ( ?is m>vell\s      
ph5om5on4 ,be+ at ,bopp>d1 a lett] ( m9e

 address$ to a fri5d 9 ,p>is 0 by him   
put into ! h&s ( ,m4 ,alexis1 :o 0 ask$ 
to describe me4 ,m4 ,alexis told at once
 my age & /ature1 my disposition1 & my  
illness2 h[ t ,i am entirely crippl$1 & 
at t "t ( ! day1 half-pa/ elev51 ,a4,m4 
0 9 b$4 ,all ?is1 to be sure1 ,m4       
,alexis might h read 9 my fri5d's m9d1  
)\t go+ f>!r4 ,b1 he add$1 ?is g5tleman 
lives on ! sea-coa/4 ,my fri5d d5i$ !   
ass]tion2 b ,m4 ,alexis cont9u$ v       
positive t he 0 "r4 ,n[1 mo/ oddly1 !   
,rh9e1 on ! banks ( :i* ,i resid$ !n1 is
 at ,bopp>d ! b\nd>y ( ,prussia2 & ,i   
nev] cross x1 or visit ,nassau1 b ,i am 
9 ! habit ( sitt+ on ! bank1 li/5+ to ! 
break+ ( ! surge1 :i* ! pass+ /eam]s    
create1 & :i* exactly resembles ! murmur
 ( ! sea4 ,?is v mi/ake ( ,m4 ,alexis   
help$ to conv9ce me t ?is p]=mance ( 8 0
 g5u9e4 ,h[ev]1 be+ /\tly contradict$ by
 my fri5d1 ,m4 ,alexis reconsid]$ !     
matt]1 & said1 8,no2 he does n live on !
 sea-coa/1 b on ! ,rh9e1 tw5ty leagues f
 ,frank=t40 ,?is answ] 0 exact4 ,b !re 0

 ano!r po9t :i* ,m4 ,alexis hit ) curi\s
 felicity4 ,i %\ld obs]ve t ?is fri5d 0 
"o ( a few mon?s' date1 :o _h no means (
 comp>+ :at ,i am ) :at ,i 0 =m]ly4 ,b x
 _h happ5$ t ,i _h writt51 n to him1 b  
to a fri5d resid5t 9 ,engl&1 ab\t ! same
 "t1 t1 ill z ,i 01 my m9d 0 s+ul>ly    
cle> & active1 & t ,i reg>d$ ! fact z a 
sign my end 0 at h&2 t ! m5tal          
brightness probably resembl$ ! fl>+-up (
 a ru%light be=e x goes out4 ,well1 ,m4 
,alexis1 adv]t+ to my condition1 obs]v$ 
t ,i 0 extremely weak1 & _h suff]$ mu* f
 irritation ( ! n]ves2--facts true      
en\gh1 b :i* c]ta9ly w\ld n h l$ him to 
inf] ! exi/5ce ( t cle>ness ( m9d :i* ,i
 _h myself rem>k$4 ,nev]!less1 /rangely 
add$ ,m4 ,alexis1 8,le morale n'en e/   
pas atte9t2 au contraire1 l'esprit e/   
plus dgag et plus vif qu'aup>avant40 ,i 
c !re=e ent]ta9 no d\bt1 t at f\r hundr$
 miles' di/ance1 m]ely by h&l+ a rec5t  
lett] f me1 ,m4 ,alexis _h id5tifi$ me z
 its writ]1 ?r\gh ! ,od-fluid ! lett]   
convey$2 & _h truly p5etrat$ my physical

 & m5tal be+ s completely1 t mo/ t 0    
important 9 my /ory lay di/9ctly reveal$
 be=e him4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,,vii4 ,m5tal ,travell+ by 
clairvoyantes4--,let me beg9 ) an       
in/ance4 ,! foll[+ extract f ! ,zoi/    
conta9s a v int]e/+ n>rative by ,"l     
,ducie1 :i* is exactly to ! po9t3  8,9 !
 highe/ dep>tm5ts or ph5om5a ( mesm]ism1
 he = a long "t 0 a disbeliev]1 & c\ld n
 br+ himself to believe 9 ! p[] ( read+ 
) ! eyes b&ag$1 or ( m5tal travell+2 at 
l5g?1 h[ev]1 he 0 conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( ^? 
p[]s1 & t1 too1 9 s curi\s & unexpect$ a
 way1 t !re c\ld h be5 no possibility ( 
deception4 ,x happ5$ t he _h to call ^u 
a surgeon on bus9ess1 & :5 he 0 !re !   
surgeon said to him1 #8,y h nev] se5 my 
little clairvoyante4' ,he repli$ t he   
nev] _h1 & %\ld l to see h] v mu*4 ,he 0
 invit$ to call ! next day1 b ^u 8      
reply+ t he %\ld be oblig$ to leave t[n 
t ev5+1 he said1 #8,well1 y c come 9 at 
once4 ,i am oblig$ to g out2 b ,i w r+ !
 bell = h]1 & put h] to sleep1 & y c ask

 h] any que/ions y please4' ,he 7,"l    
,ducie7 accord+ly w5t 94 ,he _h nev] be5
 9 ! h\se 9 8 life be=e1 & ! girl c\ld h
 kn[n no?+ ( him4 ,! bell 0 rung2 !     
clairvoyante appe>$3 ! surgeon1 )\t a ^w
 pass+1 put h] to sleep1 & !n he put on 
8 hat & left ! room4 ,he 7,"l ,ducie7 _h
 be=e se5 some?+ ( mesm]ism1 & he sat by
 h]1 took h] h&1 & ask$ h] if %e felt   
able to travel4 ,%e repli$1 #8,yes2' &  
he ask$ h] if %e _h ev] be5 9           
,gl\ce/]%ire1 to :i* %e answ]$ t %e _h  
n1 b %\ld v mu* l to g !re1 z %e _h n   
be5 9 ! c\ntry = six ye>s3 %e 0 a girl (
 ab\t sev5te5 ye>s old4 ,he told h] t %e
 %\ld g ) him1 = he want$ h] to see 8   
f>m4 ,!y travell$ 7m5tally7 by !        
railroad v com=tably toge!r1 & !n 79 8  
imag9ation7 got into a fly & proce$$ to 
8 h\se4 ,he ask$ h] :at %e saw2 & %e    
repli$1 #8,i see an iron gate & a curi\s
 old h\se4' ,he ask$ h]1 #8,h[ d y get  
to x8' %e repli$1 #8,by ?is             
gravel-walk2' :i* 0 q correct4 ,he ask$ 
h] h[ !y w5t into x2 & %e repli$1 ,i see

 a por*--a curi\s old por*4#8 ,x 0      
probably kn[n to _m1 t 8 h\se1 :i* 0 a  
curi\s old ,elizabe?an build+1 0 ent]$  
by a por*1 z %e _h describ$4 ,he ask$ h]
 :at %e saw on ! por*1 & %e repli$1     
truly1 t x 0 cov]$ ) fl[]s4 ,he !n said1
 ,n[1 we w turn 9 at our "r h&2 :at d y 
see 9 t room8' ,%e answ]$ ) great       
accuracy1 #8,i see a book case1 & a     
picture on ea* side ( x4' ,he told h] to
 turn h] back to ! book case1 & say :at 
%e saw on ! o!r side2 & %e said1 #8,i   
see some?+ %9+1 l t :i* soldi]s we>4'   
,%e also describ$ "s old muskets &      
w>like implem5ts :i* 7 hang+ 9 ! hall2 &
 ^u 8 ask+ h] h[ !y 7 fa/5$ up1 7mean+  
by :at means !y 7 secur$17 %e mi/ook 8  
"q1 b repli$1 #8,! muskets are fa/5$ up 
9 ?rees1' :i* 0 ! case4 ,he !n ask$ (   
:at sub/ance ! floors 7 built2 & %e     
said1 #8,( black & :ite squ>es1' :i* 0  
correct4 ,he !n took h] to ano!r        
ap>tm5t1 & %e v m9utely describ$ ! asc5t
 to x z be+ by f\r /eps1 ,he 7,"l       
,ducie7 told h] to ent] by ! "r door1 & 

say :at %e saw !re2 %e said1 #8,!re is a
 pa9t+ on ea* side ( ! fire-place4' ,^u 
8 ask+ h] if %e saw any ?+ p>ticul> 9 ! 
fire-place1 %e repli$1 #8,yes2 x is c>v$
 up to ! ceil+1' :i* 0 q correct1 = x 0 
a curi\s old ,elizabe?an fire-place4    
,!re 0 at ,totwor?-c\rt a s+ul> old     
*e/nut-tree2 & he told h] t he wi%$ h]  
to see a fav\rite tree1 & ask$ h] to    
accompany him4 ,he tri$ to deceive h] by
 say+1 #8,let u walk close up to x2' b  
%e repli$1 #8,we _c1 = !re are rail+s   
r\nd x4' ,he said1 #8,yes1 wood5        
rail+s2' to :i* %e answ]$1 #8,no1 !y are
 ( iron1' :i* 0 ! case4 ,he ask$1 #8,:at
 tree is x8' & %e repli$ t %e _h be5 s  
little 9 ! c\ntry t %e c\ld n tell2 b ^u
 8 ask+ h] to describe ! leaf1 %e said1 
#8,x is a leaf z d>k z ! g]anium-leaf1  
l>ge1 long1 & jagg$ at ! edges4' ,he    
7,"l ,ducie7 appreh5d$ t no "o c\ld     
describe m accurately ?an t ! leaf ( !  
,spani% *e/nut4 ,he !n told h] he w\ld  
take h] to see 8 f>m1 & desir$ h] to    
look ov] a gate into a field :i* he _h 9

 8 m9d1 & tell him :at %e saw gr[+2 %e  
repli$ t ! field 0 all ov] gre51 & ask$ 
if x 0 potatoes1 add+ t %e did n "k mu* 
ab\t ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 n potatoes1 b       
turnips4 ,he !n said1 #8,n[ look ov] ?is
 gate to ! "r1 & tell me :at is gr[+    
!re4' ,%e at once repli$1 #8,!re is no?+
 gr[+ !re2 x is a field ( :eat1 b x has 
be5 cut & c>ri$4' ,?is 0 correct2 b kn[+
 t1 9 a "p ( ! field1 gra9 _h be5 s[n at
 a diff]5t p]iod1 he ask$ h] if %e 0    
sure t ! :ole ( x _h be5 cut4 ,%e       
repli$1 t %e c\ld n see ! end ( ! field1
 z ! l& rose 9 ! middle1 :i* 9 tru? x   
did4 ,he !n said to h]1 #8,n[ we are on 
! br[1 c y tell me if x is cut8' ,%e    
answ]$1 #8,no1 x is /ill gr[+ "h4' ,he  
!n said to h]1 ,n[1 let u come to ?is   
gate--tell me :]e x leads to4#8 ,%e     
repli$1 ,into a lane4' ,%e !n w5t on &  
describ$ e ?+ on 8 f>m ) ! same surpris+
 accuracy2 & ^u 8 subsequ5tly inquir+1  
he f\nd t %e 0 only 9 error 9 "o trifl+ 
matt]1 = :i* error any "o :o _h ev]     
travell$ 7m5tally7 ) a clairvoyante c\ld

 easily acc\nt1 )\t conceiv+ any brea* (
 ! tru?40  ,if ! prec$+ example /ood    
alone1 or if1 9 p>allel cases1 no fur!r 
ph5om5a manife/$ !mselves1 no?+ m w\ld  
be requir$ to expla9 ! facts ?an to     
suppose t ! m5tal fell[-travell] reads  
all y\r ?\ghts1 & adopts y\r own imag]y 
& impressions4 ,b !re are n want+ cases 
9 :i* ! fell[-travell] has se5 :at 0 n 9
 8 companion's m9d1 & 0 at v>iance ) 8  
belief2 :ile subsequ5t inquiry has prov$
 t ! clairvoyante's unexpect$ /ory 0    
true4 ,^! m complicat$ cases prove t !  
clairvoyante actually pays a m5tal visit
 to ! sc5e4 ,b %e c d m2 %e c pass on to
 o!r & remot] sc5es & places1 ( :i* h]  
fell[-travell] has no cognizance4  ,=   
example1 a "y p]son :om ,mr4 ,williamson
 mesm]is$ became clairvoyant4 ,9 ?is    
/ate %e paid me a m5tal visit at        
,bopp>d2 & ,mr4 ,williamson1 :o _h be5 a
 resid5t !re1 0 satisfi$ t %e realiz$ ! 
sc5e4 ,aft]w>ds ,i remov$ to ,weilba*1  
:]e ,mr4 ,williamson _h nev] be54 ,!n he
 propos$ to ! clairvoyante to visit me  

aga94 ,%e rea*$1 accord+ly1 9 m5tal     
travell+1 my =m] room 9 ,bopp>d2 &      
express$ surprise & annoyance at n f9d+ 
me !re1 & at obs]v+ o!rs 9 its          
occupation4 ,mr4 ,williamson propos$ t  
%e %\ld set out1 & try to f9d me4 ,%e   
said1 8,y mu/ help me40 ,!n ,mr4        
,williamson said1 8,we mu/ g up ! riv]  
"s way1 till we come to a great t[n10   
7,ma9z47 ,! clairvoyante said %e _h got 
!re4 8,!n10 said ,mr4 ,williamson1 8we  
mu/ n[ g up ano!r riv]1 7! ,ma9e17 :i*  
jo9s our riv] at ?is t[n1 & try & f9d   
,dr4 ,mayo on its banks some:]e40 ,!n ! 
clairvoyante said1 8,oh1 !re is a l>ge  
h\se2 let u g & see x2 no1 !re are two  
l>ge h\ses--"o :ite1 ! o!r r$40 ,^u ?is1
 ,mr4 ,williamson propos$ t %e %\ld g   
into "o ( ! two h\ses1 & look ab\t2 %e  
quickly recognis$ my s]vant1 w5t m5tally
 into my room1 f\nd me1 & describ$ a    
p>ticul> or two1 :i* 7 by no means      
likely to be guess$ by h]4 ,:5 ,mr4     
,williamson subsequ5tly came to visit me
 at ,weilba*1 he 0 =cibly /ruck ) !     

appe>ance ( ! two h\ses1 :i* talli$ ) ! 
acc\nt giv5 be=eh& by ! m5tal travell]4 
,i h n ! smalle/ d\bt %e m5tally realiz$
 my new abode4 ,!n1 h[ did %e d all ?is8
  ,! fir/ "q is1 h[ does ! clairvoyante 
realize sc5es :i* are famili> to h]     
fell[-travell]8 ,i _c help incl9+ to !  
belief t1 9 ! ord9>y p]ception ( a place
 or p]son1 ! m9d acts exoneurally2 & t  
our appreh5sion 7z ,i h v5tur$ to       
conjecture 9 ,lett] ,v47 comes ?us      
always into a direct relation ) ! place 
or p]son4 ,!re is a peculi> vividness 9 
a fir/ impression1 :i* e "o mu/ h       
obs]v$2 !re is no r5ew+ t =ce (         
impression aga94 ,?is fact helps my     
hypo!sis4 ,x w be rememb]$ aga91 t 9    
,zs*okke's n>rative ( 8 se]-gift1 he    
nev] p5etrat$ ! m9ds ( 8 visit]s unless 
at _! v fir/ visit4 ,x is ! same1 ev5 to
 a c]ta9 ext5t1 ) mesm]ic inspection ( !
 m9d4 ,my fri5d1 :o consult$ ,m4 ,alexis
 = me1 consult$ him likewise = himself m
 ?an once4 ,at ! fir/ visit1 ,m4 ,alexis
 trac$ an aggravation ( 8 illness1 a ye>

 be=e1 to di/ress occasion$ by ! dea? ( 
two y\ng] bro!rs at a %ort int]val4 ,on 
my fri5d's subsequ5t visits1 ,m4 ,alexis
 m>k$ no k at all ( ! latt] occurr5ce4  
,slightly z ^! facts are connect$1 !y   
concurr5tly /r5g!n my notion ( !        
occurr5ce ( an exoneural act ( ! m9d 9  
common p]ception4 ,i suspect1 ,i repeat1
 t1 9 visit+ new places1 ! m9d e/abli%es
 a direct relation ) ! sc5es or p]sons4 
,!n1 9 ! simple/ case ( m5tal visit+1   
:]e ! sc5e visit$ is famili> to ! o!r   
p>ty1 ,i presume t ! clairvoyante's m9d1
 be+ 9 communion ) ! m9d ( ! o!r1       
realizes sc5es :i* ! latt] has previ\sly
 exoneurally realiz$4 ,arriv+ ?us at !  
sc5e itself1 ! clairvoyante obs]ves =   
h]self1 & sees :at may be new 9 x1 &    
unkn[n to h] fell[-travell]2 & 9 ! same 
way may pursue1 z 9 ! m5tal visit made  
to myself at ,weilba*1 sugge/$ features 
( ! locality1 & be ?us help$ to beat    
ab\t 9 space = new objects1 & at l5g? to
 recognise among !m1 & m5tally id5tify1 
p]sons ) :om %e has already arriv$ at a 

m5tal mesm]ic relation4  ,,viii4        
,mesm]is+ at a ,di/ance4 ,mesm]is+ by ! 
,w4--,i h n he>d ( a case 9 :i* a p]son 
has be5 = ! fir/ "t mesm]is$ ) effect by
 "o out ( ! room4  ,g5]ally ! mesm]is]  
is v ne> to 8 pati5t at ! fir/ sitt+1   
(t5 actually hold+ 8 h&--at all ev5ts s 
ne> t ! ,od-emanation ( 8 p]son might be
 expect$ to rea* ! pati5t4 ,& ! pati5t  
is (t5 s5sible ( new s5sations1 :i* he  
is dispos$ to attribute to ! physical   
ag5cy ( ! op]ator on him4 ,9 ,mr4       
,braid's cases1 x seem$ to me cle> t !  
effects 7 ma9ly br\ght ab\t1 z 9 common 
mesm]ism1 by 8 p]sonal influ5ce4        
,aft]w>ds1 :5 a pati5t has by use become
 highly s5sitive to ,od1 & dispos$ to   
fall into trance1 ,i h myself1 by mak+  
passes 9 ! next room1 succe$$ 9 produc+ 
! sleep4 ,& ,i h se51 ) op5 doors1      
mesm]ic effects produc$ by passes at !  
di/ance ( n9ety feet4  ,b ) p]sons r5d]$
 ?r\gh use extremely susceptible (      
mesm]ic impression1 an effect may be    
produc$ by ! habitual mesm]is] ( !      

pati5t at almo/ unlimit$ di/ances4 ,!   
foll[+ in/ance is giv5 by ,dr4 ,foissac 
9 8 valuable "w on mesm]ism1 entitl$    
,rapports et ,discussions sur le        
,magntisme ,animal1 7,p>is1 #ahch47 ,dr4
 ,foissac speaks1 9 ! fir/ p]son1 ( an  
exp]im5t made by himself on a pati5t ( !
 "n ( ,paul ,villagr&1 :om he _h be5 9 !
 habit ( mesm]is+ 9 ! usual way at      
,p>is1 :]e bo? resid$4  8,9 ! c\rse ( ! 
,june ensu+10 says ,dr4 ,foissac1 8,paul
 express$ ! wi% to pass "s days 9 8     
native place1 ,magnac-,laval1 ,haute    
,vi5ne4 ,i provid$ him ) ! means1 &     
propos$ to turn 8 j\rney to sci5tific   
acc\nt by attempt+ to entrance him at ! 
di/ance ( a hundr$ leagues4 ,he 0 n to  
"k my int5tion be=e ! "t came2 b on !   
#b;d ( ,july1 at half-pa/ five ,p4,m41 8
 fa!r 0 to give him a note f me1 :i* ran
 ?us--#8,i am magnetis+ y at ?is mom5t2 
,i w awake y :5 y h _h a qu>t] ( an     
h\r's sleep4' ,m4 ,villagr& made !      
success ( ! exp]im5t ! m decisive by n  
h&+ ov] my lett] to 8 son1 & s disreg>d+

 my in/ructions4 ,nev]!less1 at t5      
m9utes be=e six1 ,paul be+ 9 ! mid/ ( 8 
family1 exp]i5c$ a s5sation ( heat1 &   
consid]able uneas9ess4 ,8 %irt 0 wet    
?r\gh ) p]spiration2 he wi%$ to retire  
to 8 room2 b !y deta9$ him4 ,9 a few    
m9utes he 0 entranc$4 ,9 ?is /ate he    
a/oni%$ ! p]sons pres5t1 by read+ ) 8   
eyes %ut sev]al l9es ( a book tak5 at   
haz>d f ! libr>y1 & by tell+ ! h\r ^u a 
wat* !y held to him4 ,he awoke 9 a qu>t]
 ( an h\r40  ,"o naturally d\bts :e!r ! 
physical influ5ce ( ! ,od =ce c ext5d to
 ?is enorm\s di/ance2 :e!r ! ag5cy ought
 n to be reg>d$ z purely psy*ical2 :e!r1
 9 %ort1 ! w ( ! speak] may n h be5 !   
exclusive ag5t employ$4  ,i ?9k t !re is
 a disposition1 among exp]im5t]s 9      
mesm]ism1 to attribute too mu* to !     
ag5cy ( ! w4 ,!re 0 ) me 9 ! autumn (   
#ahdi a "y lady1 :o 0 extremely         
susceptible ( mesm]ism4 ,a g5tleman :o  
came ) ! family _h be5 9 ! habit (      
entranc+ h] daily1 & at la/ %e 0 s      
s5sitive t a wave ( 8 h& w\ld fix h]    

motionless4 ,8 pres5ce ev5 9 ! room     
affect$ h]2 & if he !n tri$ to mesm]ise 
h] si/]1 %e h]self inv>iably became     
entranc$4 ,! op]ator 0 a p]son (        
rem>kable mesm]ic p[]4 ,!n at my reque/1
 made unkn[n to h]1 he w5t to ! end w9d[
 ( ! room1 &1 look+ out ^u ! ,rh9e1 tri$
 at ! same "t ) ! mo/ =cible m5tal ef=ts
 to w h] into sleep4 ,! attempt fail$   
entirely4 ,ano!r day t he 0 9 my room1  
ab\t fifty feet f ! room 9 :i* ! "y lady
 0 sitt+1 he tri$ aga9 by ! w to        
entrance h]4 ,b x 0 all 9 va94 ,!re=e1  
if ! w ev] acts indep5d5tly ( ,od       
influ5ce1 ,i am dispos$ to ?9k t its    
action 9 produc+ trance mu/ be inf9itely
 feebl] ?an ! direct use ( ,od4  ,h[ev]1
 "s are conv9c$ ( ! positive ag5cy ( ! w
 9 mesm]is+4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t by ,mr4  
,h4 ,s4 ,?ompson ( ,fairfield1 made 9 a 
lett] to ,dr4 ,elliotson1 publi%$ 9 !   
,zoi/1 admits ! inf]iority 9 =ce ( ! w  
to ! mat]ial ag5cy ( ,od1 at ! same "t t
 x goes f> to prove its effici5cy4  8,i 
h succe$$10 says ,mr4 ,?ompson1 89      

arre/+ spasms1 & tak+ away e species (  
pa91 & 9 produc+ int5se heat &          
p]spiration1 by ! w only2 & 9 _m        
in/ances )\t ! k ( ! pati5ts1 :o h be5  
all unconsci\s ( ! p[] ,i h be5 ex]t+1  
until aft] ! results h occurr$4 ,at !   
same "t1 ,i h g5]ally f\nd t ! passes 9 
comb9ation ) ! w1 or att5tion1 mo/      
readily produce ! effects we desire2 & t
 manipulations are mu* less fatigu+ to !
 op]ator ?an ! ex]tion ( ! w40  ,( an   
extremely s5sitive pati5t1 :o 0 suff]+ )
 rheumatic pa9s1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,s4 ,?ompson  
obs]ves1 8,a few passes put h] to sleep1
 ?\gh %e 0 moan+ z 9 great pa91 &       
sc>cely seem$ to notice :at ,i 0 do+4   
,aft] sleep+ = a few m9utes1 h] face    
became compos$1 & %e %[$ no symptoms (  
pa92 b z ,i c\ld n get h] to speak 9 h] 
sleep1 ,i awak5$ h]4 ,%e look$ v mu*    
surpris$1 & said t %e felt v com=table &
 free f pa94 ,i told my fri5d t %e 0 s  
s5sitive t ,i ?\ght t %e might be put to
 sleep by ! w 9 a few m9utes4 ,!        
b$-curta9s 7 drawn1 s t %e c\ld n see or

 "k :at 0 go+ on4 ,i fix$ my att5tion ^u
 h]1 wi%+ h] to g to sleep4 ,:5 we look$
 at h] two m9utes aft]w>ds1 %e 0 fa/    
asleep4 ,x 0 agre$ t ! foll[+ day1 ?\gh 
,i %\ld be ?irty miles (f1 ! exp]im5t   
%\ld be tri$ aga94 ,a lady w5t at ! "t  
fix$ on4 ,i purposely po/pon$ ! "t      
half-an-h\r1 ?9k+ t ! woman might h     
become acqua9t$ ) my int5tion1 & g to   
sleep ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! imag9ation4 ,!    
lady's acc\nt 01 t %e call$ ^u ! woman  
at ! "t agre$ on1 & at fir/ ?\ght t !   
exp]im5t 0 go+ to fail1 z %e saw no     
symptoms ( sleep2 b t 9 half-an-h\r     
aft]w>ds ! pati5t w5t into a deep sleep1
 :i* la/$ "s "t4 ,aft] ?is %e w5t to    
sleep e day = a =tnight at ! same "t1   
?\gh ,i did n w h] to sleep4 ,%e says t 
%e felt 9 a dreamy & happy /ate = "s    
days aft]40  ,i might add _m simil>     
facts to ! above int]e/+ obs]vations4 ,!
 mass ( evid5ce exi/+ on ! subject      
e/abli%es beyond all d\bt t pati5ts h   
be5 ?r[n into trances by p]sons :o h    
previ\sly mesm]is$ !m 9 ! common way1 at

 di/ances :i* seem to preclude ! idea ( 
any physical ag5t hav+ be5 ! m$ium (    
communication betwe5 ! two p>ties4 ,!   
op]ation seems to h be5 9 ^? in/ances   
m5tal4 ,!n h[ is su* a result to be     
expla9$8--or by :at expression c x be   
br\ght to tally ) ! pr9ciples ,i am     
endeav\r+ to sub/antiate8 ,i %ape !     
answ] ?us3--  ,! fir/ /ep is ord9>y     
mesm]is+2 9 o!r words1 ! op]ator directs
 an ,od-curr5t ^u ! pati5t1 ! ,od 9 ^:  
sy/em is !reby di/urb$2 & initiatory    
trance ensues z ! consequ5ce4           
,secondly1 ,! m9d ( ! pati5t ?us        
entranc$ ent]s into relation )1 or is   
attract$ t[>ds1 ! m9d or p]son ( !      
mesm]is]4 ,i rememb] witness+ a mo/     
decisive in/ance 9 :i* ! op]ation ( ?is 
attraction 0 s+ul>ly manife/$4 ,! place 
0 ,dr4 ,elliotson's wait+-room2 !       
pati5t1 a "y man :om ,mr4 ,simpson _h   
entranc$4 ,mr4 ,simpson !n mov$ ab\t !  
room1 /&+ /ill at sev]al po9ts 9 x 9    
succession4 ,! "y man seem$ attract$    
t[>ds ,mr4 ,simpson1 to :om he drew ne> 

ea* "t he /opp$2 !n he press$ aga9/ ,mr4
 ,simpson1 jo/l+ him out ( 8 place1 :i* 
he plant$ himself 9--8 c\nt5ance be>+ an
 expression ( huge delight at :at he _h 
a*iev$4 ,b 9 half a m9ute he began to   
look anxi\s & uneasy2 & aga9--8 eyes be+
 %ut all ! :ile--he set (f 9 se>* ( ,mr4
 ,simpson1 & repeat$ ! same sc5e4 ,!re  
exi/s1 x w\ld appe>1 an attraction      
betwe5 ! 7m9d ( !87 entranc$ p]son & 7t 
(87 8 mesm]is]1 or 7t (87 any o!r p]son 
) :om ! entranc$ p]son has second>ily   
come into relation4  ,!n1 ?irdly1 ,x may
 be presum$ t1 9 ph5om5a :i* are purely 
m5tal1 space & di/ance g = no?+4 ,b if  
?is supposition be admitt$1 x w\ld be z 
easy = a mesm]is] to entrance by a m5tal
 ef=t a s5sitive & habituat$ pati5t at a
 hundr$ miles (f z at ! end ( ! same    
room4 ,! ph5om5on ?us view$ is :olly    
exoneural4 ,! "o m9d is suppos$ to be   
actually s5sitive to ! influ5ce ( ! o!r4
 ,ea* ( ! two m9ds1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t      
degrees1 en]gizes1 x may be imag9$1     
beyond its bodily frame4 ,& ! m9d ( !   

pati5t feels ! =ce ( ! mesm]is]'s w act+
 ^u x1 & slips z x 7 at once1 by !      
accu/om$ track1 out ( ! normal into !   
abnormal psy*ico-neural relation4  ,/ill
 ,i _c get rid ( a lurk+ notion t1 9 !  
ph5om5a la/ consid]$1 ! ,od-=ce         
contributes an elem5t ( physical or     
physico-dynamic influ5ce4 ,=1 putt+ = ! 
mom5t aside ! idea ( m5tal action1 :at  
is to prev5t two liv+ bodies1 t may be 9
 ,od-relation1 or 9 exact ,od-unison1 f 
physically influ5c+ "o ano!r at         
indef9ite di/ances8  ,,ix4              
,trance-,diagnosis4--,f ,bopp>d1 :]e ,i 
0 resid+ 9 ! w9t] ( #ahde-f1 ,i s5t to  
an ,am]ican g5tleman resid+ 9 ,p>is a   
lock ( hair1 :i* ,col4 ,c--1 an invalid 
!n "u my c>e1 _h cut f 8 own head1 &    
wrapp$ 9 writ+-pap] f 8 own writ+-desk4 
,col4 ,c--0 unkn[n ev5 by "n to ?is     
,am]ican g5tleman1 :o _h no clue :atev] 
:]eby to id5tify ! proprietor ( ! hair4 
,& all t he _h to d & did 0 to place !  
pap]1 enclos+ ! lock ( hair1 9 ! h&s ( a
 not$ ,p>isian somnambuli/4 ,%e /at$1 9 

! op9ion %e gave on ! case1 t ,col4     
,c--_h p>tial palsy ( ! hips & legs1 & t
 = ano!r compla9t he 0 9 ! habit ( us+ a
 surgical in/rum5t4 ,! pati5t laugh$    
he>tily at ! idea ( ! di/ant somnambuli/
 hav+ s completely realiz$ him4  ,!     
mesm]ic discrim9ation ( disease involves
 ?ree degrees4  ,fir/1 ! clairvoyante   
plac$ 9 relation ) ! pati5t1 ei!r by    
tak+ 8 h&1 or by h&l+ a lock ( 8 hair1  
or any ?+ impregnat$ ) 8 ,od1 feels all 
8 feel+s1 realizes 8 s5sations1 &       
describes :at he s5sibly lab\rs "u4 ,h] 
acc\nt ( ! case ?us obta9$ w be m or    
less happy1 accord+ to ! ext5t ( h]     
previ\s k respect+ ord9>y disease4      
,secondly1 ! clairvoyante1 if 9 a high] 
/ate ( lucidness1 actually sees &       
inspects ! int]ior bodily con/ruction ( 
! pati5t1 ^: inw>d organs are1 z x w\ld 
seem1 lit ) ,od-light1 = h] exam9ation4 
,or %e sees !m by _! ,od-light1 be+ 9   
mesm]ic relation ) ! int]nal frame ( !  
pati5t4  ,?irdly1 ! clairvoyante1 if    
/ill m lucid1 =esees :at w be ! progress

 ( ! malady2 :at fur!r organic *anges   
are ?reat5$2 :at w be ! pati5t's fate4  
,! fir/ two po9ts require no fur!r      
comm5t4 ,i res]ve my comm5ts ^u ! la/ = 
ano!r head4  ,x4 ,mesm]ic               
,treatm5t4--,let me fir/ adv]t to ! use 
( artificial trance z an an/hetic ag5t 9
 ! s]vice ( surg]y4 ,!re is no d\bt t1  
:5 a pati5t c ?us be depriv$ ( ord9>y   
s5sibility1 ! res\rce is pref]able to ! 
employm5t ( *lor(orm4 ,n only is x      
absolutely free f risk1 b its direct    
effect is to soo! & tranquillize2 :]eas 
*lor(orm is b a p[]ful n>cotic1 !       
effects ( :i* are obta9$ ?r\gh a brief  
/age ( viol5t physical excitem5t4 ,!n1  
at ea* dress+--at any mom5t1 9 %ort1 :5 
advisable--mesm]ism may be aga9 resort$ 
to1 :i* *lor(orm _c4 ,! hon\r ( hav+ be5
 ! fir/ to employ mesm]ism              
sy/ematically1 z an an/hetic ag5t1      
belongs to ,james ,esdale1 ,m4 ,d41     
,presid5cy ,surgeon at ,calcutta4 ,!    
reports ( 8 success1 9 a va/ body (     
cases1 _m ( ! mo/ s]i\s description1 are

 giv5 9 ! ,zoi/4  ,a second po9t is !   
employm5t ( artificial trance z a       
univ]sal s$ative2 z a means f :i*1 9 all
 cases purely n]v\s1 ! mo/ admirable    
results may be expect$ & are realiz$2 & 
f :i*1 9 disease 9 g5]al1 s+ul> &       
b5eficial effects h be5 obta9$4 ,?is    
success 0 confid5tly to be anticipat$1 !
 in/ant t ! real nature ( mesm]ic       
ph5om5a 0 appreciat$4  ,a ?ird po9t is !
 employm5t ( mesm]ic passes1 )\t !      
int5tion or p[] to produce              
trance1--simply z a local means (       
tranquilliz+ ! n]v\s s5sibility ( a     
diseas$ "p1 & allay+ ! morbid ph5om5a   
:i* dep5d ^u local n]v\s irritation4    
,!re is a f\r? po9t "u ?is head :i* w be
 reg>d$ z m que/ionable1 viz4 ! p[]     
attribut$ to clairvoyantes ( prescrib+  
treatm5t = !mselves & o!rs4 ,nev]!less1 
9 _! own cases1 :]e ! prescriptions h   
be5 limit$ to ba?s1 & ble$+1 & mesm]ism 
itself1 ! boldness & precision ( _!     
practice1 & its success1 h be5 su* z to 
excite our wond]1 & almo/ to comm& our  

confid5ce4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 seem t !   
treatm5t prescrib$ by clairvoyantes to  
o!rs is equally c]ta92 & :5 !y recomm5d 
drugs1 x is cle> t1 adopt+ ! fa%ion ( ! 
"t & c\ntry 9 m$ic9e1 !y are only       
prescrib+ by guess1 l o!r doctors4 ,b !y
 sometimes guess v clev]ly4  ,,xi4      
,phr5o-,mesm]ism4--,h[ great is my      
regret t ,i c no long] take an active "p
 9 physiological inquiry6 ,h[ great is  
my regret t1 9 =m] ye>s1 :5 ,i work$ at 
! physiology ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 ,i        
und]valu$ phr5ology6 ,prejudic$ aga9/ x 
by ! writ+s ( ! late ,dr4 ,gordon1 by ! 
au?ority ( my e>ly in/ructors1 by !     
pu]ile mode 9 :i* craniology 0 g5]ally  
advocat$1 by ! sup]ficial quality ( !   
c]ebral anatomy ( ,gall1 ,i conf9$ my   
att5tion to :at ,i consid]$ s\nd]       
objects ( inve/igation4 ,b n[ ,i h no   
d\bt1 n only t ! metaphysical           
speculations ( ,gall 7 9 ! ma9 j1 b1    
likewise1 t a great "p ( 8 craniological
 *>t is accurately laid d[n4 ,to connect
 phr5ology ) sev]e anatomical rese>*1 to

 endeav\r to det]m9e ! organic          
conditions :i* int]f]e ) ! application (
 ! sci5ce to practical purposes1 w\ld be
 a task wor?y ! ef=ts ( ! be/           
physiological lab\r]4 ,!n1 if phr5ology 
be true1 & ! organology 9 ! ma9 correct1
 :at is m likely ?an t direct+ an ,od   
curr5t ^u ! c]ebral seat ( a m5tal      
faculty %\ld br+ x into activity8 ,i h  
myself witness$ ! repetition ( ?is n[   
common exp]im5t1 9 a v unexceptionable  
in/ance2 & ! success 0 p]fect4 ,! organs
 ( v5]ation1 ( combativ5ess1 (          
alim5tiv5ess1 7 successively excit$2 & 9
 ea* case a brilliant piece ( act+      
foll[$4 ,i mu/ confess1 h[ev]1 t ,i c\ld
 n dive/ myself ( ! impression t1 :atev]
 pa9s we took to conceal our plans1 !   
clairvoyant "y lady really knew be=eh&  
:at 0 expect$ ( h]1 & p]=m$ accord+ly4  
,i speak 9 ref]5ce to ! s+le in/ance :i*
 ,i h myself witness$4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1    
refuse to cr$it ! te/imony ( good       
obs]v]s--su* z ,dr4 ,elliotson--to facts
 :i* seem to e/abli% ! g5u95ess (       

phr5o-mesm]ism4 ,9 its d\ble relation to
 phr5ology & mesm]ism1 ?is inquiry well 
m]its att5tion4  ,,xii4 ,rapport4       
,mesm]ic ,relation4 ,psy*ical           
,attraction4--,)\t presum+ to place     
absolute confid5ce 9 ! prec$+           
speculations1 b1 on ! contr>y1 apologiz+
 = _! hypo!tical "*1 on ! plea t any    
!ory is bett] ?an none1 let me n[       
recapitulatorily put 9 array ! facts &  
pr9ciples to :i* ! t]ms at ! head ( ?is 
section ref]3--  #a4 ,i hold t ! m9d ( a
 liv+ p]son1 9 its mo/ normal /ate1 is  
always1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 act+          
exoneurally1 or beyond ! limit ( !      
bodily p]son2 b1 possibly1 always 9     
conjunction ) "s ,od-op]ation4  #b4 ,i  
suppose t !re mu/ be laws (             
neuro-psy*ical attraction1 or t !re are 
def9ite circum/ances :i* det]m9e our    
exoneural appreh5sion to direct itself  
^u ?is or t object or p]son4  ,s1 9     
common p]ception1 ! exoneural           
appreh5sion probably moves back along ! 
l9es ( mat]ial impression1 to rea* !    

object p]ceiv$1 :i* s attracts x4  ,s1 9
 sudd5 lik+ or av]sion at fir/          
sight--or1 m prop]ly1 on all occasions (
 meet+ /rang]s--an exoneural m+l+ (     
reciprocal appreciation takes place2    
diff]5t p]sons be+ diff]5tly gift$ )    
intuitive disc]nm5t1 z o!rs or ! same ) 
p[]s ( pleas+ly affect+ mo/ !y meet4  ,s
 ,zs*okke's se]-gift w\ld h be5 b !     
result ( a great] exoneural mobility ( 8
 m9d1 :]eby he 0 occasionally drawn to  
su* m5tal aff9ity ) a /rang]1 t he knew 
8 :ole life & circum/ances4  ,s 9 panic 
fe>s1 9 all cases :]e impressions seem  
height5$ by ! sympa?y ( _m1 ! p[] (     
psy*ical attraction we may presume to be
 increas$ by its conc5tration on "o     
subject1 & ! p>ticipation ( all 9 "o    
?\ght4 ,! ,rev4 ,h>e ,t[n%5d1 9 8       
int]e/+ "w on mesm]ism1 decl>es t he has
 m ?an once succe$$ 9 ! foll[+ fact (   
sympa!tic m5tal influ5ce4 ,all ! memb]s 
( a p>ty !n pres5t h conspir$ aga9/ an  
expect$ visit]2 & :5 he came--c>efully1 
at ! same "t1 ab/a9+ f allud+ to "s     

special subject agre$ on--!y h /riv5    
sil5tly & m5tally to drive x into 8     
?\ghts2 & 9 a %ort "t he has spok5 ( x4 
#c4 ,= ! mo/ lucid p]sons 9 wak+-trance 
7ei!r ( spontane\s occurr5ce1 z 9       
catelepsy1 or :5 induc$ by mesm]ism7 !  
exoneural appreh5sion seems to ext5d to 
e object & p]son r\nd1 & to be drawn    
into complete intellig5ce ( or ) !m4    
,su* a pati5t is 8en rapport10 or 9     
trance-m5tal relation ) any or e ?+     
ar\nd1 9 succession or simultane\sly4   
#d4 ,9 p]sons sl[ly wak+ 9 ! mo/ measur$
 c\rse ( ?+s out ( artificial initiatory
 trance into somnambulism1 ! m9d is at  
fir/ exoneurally attract$ to ! mesm]is] 
alone4 ,z a next /ep1 ! mesm]is]1 by    
putt+ himself 9 ,od-relation ) a ?ird   
p]son1 c make him p>ticipator 9 ! same  
attraction4  ,i d n "h discuss ,mr4     
,braid's views1 :i* are m fully consid]$
 9 a subsequ5t ,lett]4 ,i h analyz$     
trance 9 its "* ( a spontane\s          
pa?ological ph5om5on4 ,i h exam9$ its   
pr9cipal features z !y pres5t !mselves  

:5 x is induc$ by mesm]ism4 ,b facts h  
be5 br\ght =w>d by ,mr4 ,braid1 :i* seem
 to e/abli% t1 9 "s highly susceptible  
p]sons1 trance may be br\ght on at w 9  
ano!r way1 by _! own indirect ef=ts1    
ap>t f ext]nal influ5ces3--z1 = in/ance1
 by /ra9+ ! eyes upw>ds1 ! att5tion be+ 
kept "s "t conc5trat$ on ! object or !  
ef=t4 ,c]ta9ly1 do+ ?is makes ! head    
feel uncom=table & giddy1 & seems z if x
 w\ld lead to "s k9d ( fit if           
indef9itely prolong$4  ,,xiii4          
,trance-,prevision4--,in/ances (        
trance-prevision are ref]rible to ?ree  
diff]5t heads4  #a4 ,! simple/          
trance-prevision is t ( epileptic       
pati5ts 7artificially entranc$7 :o "n1  
at ! di/ance ( weeks be=eh&1 ! exact    
h\r1 nay1 m9ute1 at :i* ! next fit w    
occur4 ,! case ( ,cazot1 7m5tion$ by    
,dr4 ,foissac17 :o 0 9 ! habit ( pr$ict+
 ! accession ( 8 fits ) un]r+ precision1
 t]m9at$1 h[ev]1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3      
,cazot _h pr$ict$1 z usual1 :5 he %\ld  
be next attack$3 be=e ! "t came r\nd1   

h[ev]1 he 0 ?r[n f a horse & kill$4 ,b  
no d\bt c be ent]ta9$ t1 _h he n met )  
?is accid5t1 ! next fit w\ld h occurr$  
at ! h\r pr$ict$4 ,?is is ! simple/ &   
n>r[e/ =m ( prevision3 ! clairvoyante c 
tell1 9 ref]5ce to himself1 or to any "o
 ) :om he is plac$ 9 relation1 :at w be 
! c\rse ( 8 heal?4 ,he c see =w>d :at ! 
progress ( 8 liv+ economy w be1 o!r ?+s 
cont9u+ ! same4  #b4 ,! next feat is    
great]4 ,dr4 ,te/e1 9 8 mo/ int]e/+     
,manuel de ,magntisme ,animal1 gives !  
case ( a lady1 8 pati5t1 :o1 :5         
entranc$1 =etold ! day & h\r :5 an      
accid5t1 ! nature ( :i* %e c\ld n =esee1
 0 to befall h]1 & f x a long s]ies (   
illness 0 to take its rise4 ,dr4 ,te/e &
 ! lady's husb& 7 /ay+ ) h] :5 ! fatal  
mom5t approa*$4 ,!n %e rose1 &1 mak+ an 
excuse1 left ! room1 foll[$ by h] husb&2
 :51 on op5+ a door1 a great gray rat   
ru%$ out1 & %e sank d[n 9 a fit ( t]ror1
 & ! pr$ict$ illness ensu$4 ,9 ?is mo/  
decisive case1 ! prevision ext5d$ to an 
extrane\s & accid5tal circum/ance1 to   

:i* no calculation or intuition ( h]    
natural bodily *anges c\ld h l$ h]4  #c4
 ,b !re are in/ances :i* rea* yet f>!r4 
,dr4 ,foissac n>rates ! case ( a ,mdlle4
 ,cl9e1 :o1 :5 entranc$1 pr$ict$ t %e   
w\ld be poison$ on a c]ta9 ev5+1 at a   
giv5 h\r4 ,:at w\ld be ! vehicle ( !    
poison %e c\ld n =esee1 ei!r at ! "t :5 
%e fir/ utt]$ ! pr$iction1 or on an     
occasion or two aft]w>ds1 :51 be+ aga9  
entranc$1 %e recurr$ to ! subject4      
,h[ev]1 %ortly be=e ! day %e 0 to be    
poison$1 be+ que/ion$ 9 trance z to !   
possibility ( av]t+ h] fate1 %e said1   
8,?r[ me into ! sleep a little be=e ! "t
 ,i h nam$1 & !n ask me :e!r ,i c disc]n
 :]e ! dang] lies40 ,?is 0 done1 &      
,mdlle4 ,cl9e at once said t ! poison 0 
9 a glass at h] b$-side--!y _h sub/itut$
 = qu99e an excessive dose ( morph9e4   
,?us x appe>s t p]sons 9 wak+ trance c1 
fir/1 calculate :at is naturally to     
foll[ 9 _! own heal?1 or 9 t ( p]sons ) 
:om !y are 9 mesm]ic relation2 c1       
secondly1 =etell ! occurr5ce ( =tuit\s  

ext]nal ev5ts1 )\t see+ h[ to prev5t !m2
 c1 ?irdly1 :5 end[$ ) m lucidity1      
disc]n en\gh to enable !m occasionally  
to c\nt]act ! natural c\rse ( ext]nal   
ev5ts4 ,fate ?us becomes a cont+5cy (   
c]ta9ties4 ,!re is a true s]ies (       
consequ5ces to be d$uc$ f :atev] p>tial 
premises ! clairvoyante may happ5 to be 
acqua9t$ )4 ,:5 %e has m data1 %e makes 
a wid] calculation1 c]ta9 z f> z x goes4
 ,b o!r premises1 influ5c+ ! ultimate   
result1 may /ill h escap$ h]4 ,s ! utmo/
 rea* ( g5u9e trance-prevision is b !   
ann\ncem5t ( a probability1 :i* un=ese5 
ev5ts may c\nt]act4  ,i w conclude ?is  
head by introduc+ ,m4 ,alexis's acc\nt (
 8 own p[]s ( mesm]ic prevision1 9 :i* !
 read] w see t 8 exp]i5ce has l$ him to 
view 8 conclusions z calculations ^u    
c]ta9 positive elem5ts2 yet he admits ! 
possibility ( p[]s great] ?an 8 own3    
8,on peut prvoir l'av5ir10 said ,m4     
,alexis2 8mais lorsque cet av5ir a des  
fondations positives4 ,mais annonc] un  
fait isol1 un accid5t1 une cata/rophe1  

non4 ,cep5dant quelquefois cela e/ arriv
 aux individus1 mais c'tai5t des        
in/rum5ts de la ,div9it3 ces hommes sont
 r>es4 ,etant  une maison de jeu1 je    
saurais d'avance la c\leur gagnante1    
surt\t aux c>tes4 ,mais  la r\lette cela
 me semble trs difficile4 ,cela e/ de   
l'av5ir4 ,les c>tes1 au contraire1 sont 
dans les ma9s d'un homme quelques       
m9utes4 ,cep5dant si l'on v\lait        
appliqu] la clairvoyance  une           
exploitation semblable1 je suis         
mat]iellem5t et moralem5t c]ta9 que la  
vue f]ait faute40   ,,xiv4              
,ultra-t]re/rial ,vision4--,if a        
clairvoyante c disc]n :at is pass+ at ! 
di/ance ( "o hundr$ leagues1 :y %\ld n 8
 p]ception ext5d to mat]ial objects     
beyond our sph]e8  ,mr4 ,williamson tri$
 to conduct "o ( 8 clairvoyantes m5tally
 to ! moon2 b1 hav+ got "s way1 %e      
decl>$ ! moon 0 s intol]ably bright1 t !
 ef=t pa9$ & di/ress$ h]1 & accord+ly   
,mr4 ,williamson rel9qui%$ ! exp]im5t1 &
 happ5$ n to r5ew x4  ,m4 ,alexis1 :5   

entranc$1 9 answ] to my inquiries1      
decl>$ himself cognizant ( ! condition (
 ! planets4 ,he said t !y 7 inhabit$1 ) 
! exception ( ^? :i* are ei!r too ne>   
to1 or too remote f ! sun4 ,he said t ! 
inhabitants ( ! diff]5t planets are v   
div]se2 t ! e>? is ! be/ (f1 = t man has
 d\ble ! intellig5ce ( ! rul+ animals 9 
! o!r planets4 ,x w\ld be ! height (    
cr$ulity to reg>d ?is communication z m 
?an a clev] guess2 yet a plausible guess
 x is1 = if ! o!r planets are compos$ ( 
! same mat]ial elem5ts ) ! e>?1 x is    
evid5t t ! temp]ature ( our planet mu/  
r5d] ^! same mat]ials m g5]ally         
available = life & economic purposes on 
x ?an !y w\ld be 9 ,m]cury or ,saturn4  
,,xv4 ,ultra-vital ,vision4--,! foll[+  
is ,m4 ,alexis's trance-revelation z to 
! /ate ( ! s\l aft] dea?4 ,i presume x  
is no m ?an an +5i\s play ( 8 fancy2 b a
 "y cl]gyman ( "s acum51 to :om ,i      
communicat$ x1 0 half dispos$ to give x 
m cr$it1 & obs]v$1 ) logical precision1 
t1 view+ ! /atem5t z an intuition1 x    

w\ld %[ ! necessity ( ! resurrection ( !
 body4  8,l'me ne *ange jamais4 ,aprs la
 mort elle ret\rne  la ,div9it4 ,dieu a 
v\lu atta*] l'me au corps1 qui e/ un    
prison o ,dieu a v\lu enf]m] l'me p5dant
 qu'elle e/ sur la t]re4 ,l'me ne p]d   
jamais son individualit4 ,aprs la mort1 
nos s\v5irs ne n\s re/5t pas40  ,! la/  
s5t5ce is t to :i* my fri5d's rem>k     
pr9cipally ref]r$4   ,,xvi4 ,nature ( ! 
,supreme ,be+4--,! foll[+ /rik+         
expressions 7 made use ( by ,m4 ,alexis1
 :5 entranc$1 9 answ] to a /r+ (        
que/ions :i* ,i _h s5t to him on ?is    
subject4 ,he decl>$1 at ! same "t1 t he 
_h nev] be=e be5 l$ to consid] x 9 8    
mesm]ic /ate4 ,i presume1 !re=e1 t 9 8  
ord9>y wak+ /ate he is a ,sp9ozi/1 & t1 
9 place ( an intuition1 he simply       
deliv]$ an oracul> ann\ncem5t ( 8       
preconceiv$ notions3--  8,il n'y a pas  
de p>ole huma9e qui peut donn] une ide  
de la ,div9it4 ,dieu c'e/ t\t4 ,il n'a  
pas de p]sonalit4 ,dieu e/ p>t\t et     
nulle "p4 ,dieu e/ le foy] qui allume la

 nature4 ,dieu e/ un foy] univ]sel1 dont
 les hommes ne sont que la vapeur la    
plus loigne1 la plus faible4 ,*aque     
homme e/ l'extremit d'un rayon de       
,lui-mme4 ,il n'exi/e que ,dieu40       
,,lett] ,,xii4   ,,! ,,odomet] ,,or     
,,div9+-,,r+4--,h[ come ^u by !         
au?or--,8 fir/  exp]im5ts--,! ph5om5a an
 objective pro( ( ! reality ( !         
,od-=ce4   8,qualis ab incepto0 %all be 
! motto ( ?is twelf? lett]1 ! mat]ials (
 :i* 7 undreamt ( by me1 :5 "s ?ree     
mon?s ago ,i remitt$ ! new & correct$   
edition ( 8! ,lett]s0 to ,engl&4 ,!     
occasion :i* l$ me to ! k ( ! facts ,i h
 to m5tion1 & _! be>+1 tally curi\sly ) 
:at has gone be=e4  ,= x is aga9 w9t]1 )
 its long1 solit>y ev5+s1 aga9/ ! t$ium 
( :i* ,i _h to seek a res\rce2 & ,i     
be?\ght me1 ?is "t1 ( occupy+ myself )  
look+ into ! high] ma!matics4 ,accord+ly
 ,i s5t to ,h]r ,casp>i1 pr(essor (     
ma!matics 9 ! gymnasium at ,bopp>d1 to  
solicit him to give me ! in/ruction &   
assi/ance :i* ,i ne$$4 ,& he oblig+ly   

came1 9 ! ev5+ ( ! #ca/ ( ,decemb]1 to  
sit by my side & conv]se ) me4 ,& ,i w5t
 ov] prelim9>ily my s*oolboy            
recollections ( ! elem5ts ( ma!matics1 &
 0 pleas$ at f9d+ ! rememb]$            
difficulties vani% be=e ! explanations (
 my well-in=m$ tutor4 ,& ,i le>n$1 to my
 va/ delight1 t ! inability "u :i*      
asymptotes lab\r to t\* hyp]bolas is a  
purely arbitr>y "o1 l ! legislative     
prohibition n to m>ry ) "o's deceas$    
wife's si/]2 b t1 unlike ! latt]1 x c be
 evad$2 inasmu* z an asymptote1 by *ang+
 its "n & =feit+ its prop]ties1 may at  
any "t unite itself ) ! object to :i* x 
_h be=e be5 inf9itely ne>4 ,aga91 ,i    
f\nd my boyi% di/ru/ & disbelief 9 s9es 
& cos9es replac$ by an intellig5t &     
well-satisfi$ acqua9tance ) !m4 ,& ,i   
ev5 obta9$ a glimpse ( ! high] analysis 
itself1 po9t+ ) its un]r+ f+] to ! exact
 height1 else unmeasurable1 at :i* my   
c&le %\ld /& 9 ! c5tre ( my r\nd table1 
to %$ ^u x its maximum ( illum9ation4   
,a lib]al h\r be+ ov]1 & my dolph9-l    

recreation end$1 my new fri5d ent]$ into
 desultory *at1 & ask$ me1 among o!r    
?+s1 if ,i _h n writt5 some?+ on !      
div9+-rod4 ,i repli$ to 8 "q by giv+ him
 ! copy ,i _h ( 8! ,lett]s20 & promis$1 
z a ,new-,ye>'s gift = ! morr[1 to      
pres5t him ) ! implem5t itself4 ,& ,i   
l5t him ,von ,rei*5ba*'s book on ,od1 ) 
:i* he 0 unacqua9t$4 ,!n he told me t   
!re 7 two or ?ree exp]im5ts1 possibly   
ak9 to trials ) ! div9+-rod1 ) :i* he _h
 be5 famili> = ye>s1 & :i* he _h %[n to 
_m )\t receiv+ an explanation ( !m4 ,he 
said t z f> z he knew !y 7 orig9al & 8  
own2 & t he w\ld will+ly %[ !m to me4   
,he want$ only = t purpose a piece (    
silv]1 a gold r+1 & a bit ( silk4 ,^! 7 
easily f\nd4 ,& he atta*$ ! silk to !   
r+1 :i* he !n held susp5d$ by ! silk ov]
 a silv] spoon1 at a di/ance ( half an  
in*4  ,%ortly ! r+ %ap$ its fir/ vague  
movem5ts into regul> oscillations 9 a   
direction to & fro1 or t[>ds & f1 ,h]r  
,casp>i4 ,i w call su* oscillations     
longitud9al4 ,x 0 evid5t to me1 t ?is   

ph5om5on mu/ be ak9 to ! motion ( !     
div9+-rod4  ,!n1 at ,h]r ,casp>i's      
sugge/ion1 ,i summon$ ! maid1 :o 0      
direct$ to place h] h& 9 ,h]r ,casp>i's 
dis5gag$ h&4 ,on h] do+ s1 !            
oscillations ( ! r+ became transv]se4   
,h[ pregnant 0 ?is fact6 ,an ,od-curr5t 
_h be5 e/abli%$ betwe5 ! two exp]im5t]s2
 & ! app>5t influ5ce ( ! two metals on  
ea* o!r _h be5 modifi$4  ,h]r ,casp>i   
told me t1 z f> z he knew1 ^! exp]im5ts 
w\ld only succe$ :5 made ) silv] & gold1
 & a bit ( silk4 ,b he said t he _h /ill
 ano!r exp]im5t to %[ me1 :i* he did !  
foll[+ day4 ,he said he _h a little     
pea-l bit ( some?+1 :i* he _h be5 told 0
 s*wefel-kies1 t exhibit$ ano!r motion3 
:5 held susp5d$ by silk ov] ei!r ( !    
f+]s1 x rotat$ "o way2 :5 held susp5d$  
ov] ! ?umb1 x rotat$ 9 ! contr>y        
direction4  ,h]r ,casp>i left me1 aft]  
agree+ to assi/ me 9 ! fur!r exam9ation 
( ^! ph5om5a2 & ! ,new ,ye> com+ 9 f\nd 
me 9 busy ?\ght h[ to elicit1 ?r\gh     
v>iations ( ,h]r ,casp>i's exp]im5ts1 "s

 important physical evid5ce z to !      
reality & ag5cy ( ,von ,rei*5ba*'s      
,od-=ce4  ,9 t5 days we h succe$$ 9     
dis5tangl+ ! confus$ results :i* att5d$ 
our fir/ exp]im5ts2 & z ,i see no       
likelihood ( ext5d+ !m at pres5t 9 any  
new direction1 ,i pres5t !m to ! read]  
n[1 z complete z ,i c at pres5t r5d] !m4
 ,i h us$ ! t]m 8div9+-r+10 p>tly       
because ,i h a vague idea ( hav+ se5    
,h]r ,casp>i's fir/ facts adv]t$ to 9 "s
 publication "u t "n2 p>tly because x is
 really ?us f> des]v$3--,if y place a   
piece ( silv] on a table1 & lay ov] !   
table & x an unfold$ silk               
pocket-h&k]*ief1 y c discov] :]e ! silv]
 lies by try+ ) ! susp5d$ r+ ea* "p ( ! 
surface4 ,! r+ w only oscillate :5 held 
ov] ! silv]4 ,b n[ ,i h to sub/itute    
ano!r "n = ! sake ( precision4  ,a      
fragm5t ( any ?+1 ( any %ape1 susp5d$   
ei!r by silk or cotton ?read1 ! o!r end 
( :i* is w\nd r\nd ! fir/ jo9t ei!r ( ! 
=ef+] or ( ! ?umb1 ,i w call an         
,odomet]4 ,! l5g? ( ! ?read does n      

matt]4 ,x mu/ be suffici5t to all[ ! r+1
 or :atev] x is1 to rea* to ab\t half an
 in* f ! table1 aga9/ :i* y re/ y\r arm 
or elb[ to /eady y\r h&4 ,if !re be no?+
 on ! table1 ! r+ or its equival5t soon 
becomes /ation>y4 ,!n y te/ ! p[]s ( !  
odomet] by plac+ ^u ! table "u x :at    
sub/ances y please4 ,^! ,i w\ld call    
,od-subjects4  ,to obta9 uni=m results )
 ! ,odomet]1 x is important to atta* !  
su/a9+ ?read always to ! same f+] ( !   
same h&1--be/ to ! =ef+] ( ! "r h&4 ,x  
is evid5t t ?is rule is n to prev5t !   
exp]im5t]1 :5 he has succe$$ 9 ?us      
obta9+ a s]ies ( consi/5t results1 f    
try+ :at w come ( sub/itut+ 8 o!r digits
 = t fir/ employ$4  ,i h arm$ ! odomet] 
) gold1 silv]1 lead1 z9c1 iron1 copp]2 )
 coal1 bone1 horn1 dry wood1 *>coal1    
c9d]1 glass1 soap1 wax1 seal+-wax1      
%ell-lac1 sulphur1 e>!nw>e4 ,z          
,od-subjects ,i h likewise tri$ mo/ ( ! 
sub/ances above enum]at$4 ,all d n g    
equally well1 or p]=m exactly ! same    
feats1 ) ea* odomet]4 ,= example1 an    

odomet] ( dry wood rema9s /ation>y ov]  
gold2 :ile x oscillates ) great vivacity
 ov] glass4 ,! respective habitudes (   
diff]5t odomet]s to diff]5t ,od-subjects
 is "o ( ! simple/ po9ts ( inve/igation 
:i* ! facts ,i am n>rat+ sugge/4  ,a    
gold r+ ) a pla9 /one 9 x 0 ! fir/      
odomet] :i* ,i employ$1 & x is "o ( !   
mo/ l>gely available4 ,& gold =ms 9     
g5]al ! mo/ successful ,od-subject4     
,sulphur likewise displays v lively     
motions 9 ! odomet]4 ,b ! mat]ial :i* ,i
 f9ally employ$ to v]ify ! foll[+       
ph5om5a 0 %ell-lac1 a portion a full in*
 long1 broad] t[>ds ! l[] end1 !n cut to
 be lancet-%ap$4 ,! odomet] moves m     
sluggi%ly ) "s ?an ) o!rs1 & 9 ! same h&
 on diff]5t days2 & d\btless is capable 
( manife/+ a great] v>iety ( effects ?an
 ,i h yet elicit$ f x4 ,i c only pl$ge  
myself to ! c]ta9ty ( my be+ always n[  
able to obta9 ) ! %ell-lac odomet] all !
 results m5tion$ 9 ! ,,xxvii4 exp]im5ts 
:i* fir/ foll[4 ,ov] rock-cry/al1 h[ev]1
 ! %ell-lac odomet] acts v feebly2 b a  

glass odomet] moves ) brilliant         
vivacity4 ,i w\ld besides advise ! read]
 to try a gold-r+ odomet]1 9 pref]5ce1 =
 exp]im5ts ,x41 ,,xi41 ,,xii41 ,,xiii4  
,!n "h are ! results3--  ,i4 ,odomet]   
7we w suppose arm$ ) %ell-lac7 held ov] 
?ree sov]eigns heap$ loosely toge!r to  
=m ! ,od-subject2 ! odomet] susp5d$ f ! 
"r =ef+] ( a compet5t p]son ( ! male    
sex4 ,result--,longitud9al oscillations4
  ,,ii4 ,let ! exp]im5t]1 cont9u+       
exp]im5t ,i41 take ) 8 un5gag$ h& ! h& (
 a p]son ( ! opposite sex4              
,result--,transv]se oscillations ( !    
odomet]4  ,,iii4 ,!n1 ! exp]im5t be+    
cont9u$1 let a p]son ( ! sex ( !        
exp]im5t] take & hold ! un5gag$ h& ( !  
second p>ty4 ,result--,longitud9al      
oscillations ( ! odomet]4  ,,iv4 ,repeat
 exp]im5t ,i41 &1 ! longitud9al         
oscillations be+ e/abli%$1 t\* ! =ef+]  
:i* is engag$ 9 ! odomet] ) ! =ef+] (   
y\r o!r h&4 ,result--,! oscillations    
become transv]se4  ,v4 ,repeat exp]im5t 
,i41 &1 ! longitud9al oscillations be+  

e/abli%$1 br+ ! ?umb ( ! same h& into   
contact ) ! f+] implicat$ 9 ! odomet]4  
,result--,! oscillations become         
transv]se4  ,,vi4 ,!n1 cont9u+ exp]im5t 
,v41 let a p]son ( ! same sex take &    
hold y\r un5gag$ h&4 ,result--,!        
oscillations become aga9 longitud9al4   
,,vii4 ,exp]im5t ,i4 be+ repeat$1 take &
 hold 9 y\r dis5gag$ h& two or ?ree     
sov]eigns4 ,result--,! oscillations     
become transv]se4  ,,viii4 ,cont9u+     
exp]im5t ,,vii41 let a p]son ( ! same   
sex take & hold y\r h& :i* holds !      
sov]eigns4 ,result--,! oscillations     
become longitud9al4  ,,ix4 ,if ! odomet]
 be atta*$ to ! ?umb in/ead ( to !      
=ef+]1 x oscillates longitud9ally2 b on 
approa*+ ! ?umb s z to t\* ! =ef+]1 !   
oscillations become ( c\rse transv]se4  
,x4 ,repeat exp]im5t ,i41 b let !       
,od-subject be a d\ble r[ ( five        
sov]eigns1 ea* dispos$ longitud9ally f  
y1 & hold ! odomet] ov] ! middle ( !    
d\ble r[ ( sov]eigns4                   
,result--,longitud9al oscillations1 b ! 

excursions are inord9ately long4 ,/ill1 
on t\*+ ! =ef+] ) ! ?umb1 ! oscillations
 become ei!r transv]se1 or ! odomet]    
moves 9 an ellipse1 ( :i* ! long axis   
corresponds ) ! axis ( ! d\ble l9e (    
sov]eigns4  ,,xi4 ,dispose t5 sov]eigns 
longitud9ally f y 9 two p>allel r[s1 an 
in* & a half ap>t1 & hold ! odomet] ov] 
! middle ( ! int]val4                   
,result--,longitud9al oscillations4     
,,xii4 ,modify exp]im5t ,,xi4 by hold+ !
 odomet] n midway1 b ne>] "o ( ! r[s (  
sov]eigns4 ,result--,oblique            
oscillations4  ,,xiii4 ,dispose t5      
sov]eigns heap$ 9 a %ort longitud9al    
gr\p1 & hold ! odomet] ov] ! table half 
an in* to "o side ( ! middle ( ! heap4  
,result--,transv]se oscillations4  ,f ! 
latt] exp]im5ts & _! modifications1 x   
became evid5t t ! magnitude & %ape ( !  
,od-subject h ea* a direct influ5ce on !
 result4 ,a great] =ce ( attraction     
evid5tly exi/s t[>ds ! great] mass4     
,,xiv4 ,odomet] held ov] ! nor?w>d pole 
( a magnetic ne$le conta9$ 9 a          

compass-box "u glass4 ,result--,rotatory
 motion 9 ! direction ( ! h&s ( a wat*4 
,,xv4 ,odomet] held ov] ! s\?w>d pole4  
,result--,rotatory motion 9 ! direction 
contr>y to ! motion ( ! h&s ( a wat*4   
,,xvi4 ,repeat exp]im5ts ,,xiv4 & ,,xv41
 ) ! diff]5ce ( t\*+ ! =ef+] implicat$ 9
 ! odomet] ) ! ?umb ( ! same h&4        
,results--,! rotatory motions obs]v$ 9 !
 two exp]im5ts ref]r$ to become exactly 
rev]s$4  ,,xvii4 ,hold ! odomet] ov] !  
c5tre ( ! ne$le4 ,result--,oscillations 
at "r angles1 or transv]se1 to ! axis ( 
! ne$le4  ,,xviii4 ,hold ! odomet] ov]1 
& half an in* to "o side (1 ! c5tre ( ! 
ne$le4 ,result--,oscillations p>allel to
 ! axis ( ! ne$le4  ,,xix4 ,repeat      
exp]im5t ,,xiv4 ,!n1 dur+ its           
cont9uance1 place a pile ( ?ree         
sov]eigns on ! compass-box1 9 front ( ! 
nor?w>d pole ( ! ne$le1 & ab\t an in* f 
x4 ,result--,direction ( orig9al        
rotatory motion rev]s$4  ,!n foll[      
exp]im5ts ) results exactly p>allel to !
 prec$+1 hav+ ! greate/ physiological   

int]e/4  ,,xx4 ,hold ! odomet] ov] ! tip
 ( ! =ef+] ( y\r dis5gag$ h&4           
,result--,rotatory motion 9 ! direction 
( ! h&s ( a wat*4  ,,xxi4 ,hold !       
odomet] ov] ! ?umb ( y\r dis5gag$ h&4   
,result--,rotatory motion aga9/ t ( !   
h&s ( a wat*4  ,,xxii4 ,hold up ! =ef+] 
& ?umb ( ! dis5gag$ h&1 _! po9ts be+ at 
two & a half in*es ap>t4 ,hold ! odomet]
 9 ! c5tre ( a l9e :i* w\ld jo9 ! po9ts 
( ! f+] & ?umb4 ,result--,oscillations  
transv]se to ! l9e indicat$4  ,,xxiii4  
,modify ! prec$+ exp]im5t by hold+ !    
odomet] half an in* to "o side (1 & ov]1
 ! middle ( ! l9e indicat$4             
,result--,oscillations p>allel to ! said
 l9e4  ,,xxiv4 ,modify exp]im5t ,,xxiii4
 by approximat+ ! ends ( ! =ef+] & ?umb 
( ! dis5gag$ h&1 s t !y t\*4 ,result--,!
 odomet] no long] moves4  ,,xxv4 ,=ef+] 
& ?umb ( ! dis5gag$ h& held upw>ds &    
ap>t1 su/a9+ a %ort file longwise betwe5
 !m4 ,odomet] !n held ov] ! la/ jo9t ( !
 f+]4 ,result--,odomet] /ation>y4       
,odomet] !n held ov] ! la/ jo9t ( !     

?umb4 ,result--,odomet] /ation>y4       
,,xxvi4 ,odomet] held ov] ! nor?w>d pole
 ( ! magnetic ne$le1 & its consequ5t    
rotatory motion 9 ! direction ( t ( !   
h&s ( a wat* e/abli%$4 ,!n advance ! f+]
 or ! ?umb ( ! o!r h& t[>ds ! odomet]4  
7,! odomet] %\ld be held 9 ^! exp]im5ts 
half an in* above1 & a little wide (1 or
 be=e1 ! apex ( ! ne$le47 ,! f+]1 or !  
?umb1 is !n to be br\ght z ne> to !     
odomet] z is consi/5t ) n t\*+ x 9 its  
rotation4 ,result--,direction ( !       
rotation rev]s$4 ,!n jo9 ! f+] & ?umb1 &
 hold ! two ?us br\ght into contact 9 ! 
same proximity to ! odomet]4 ,result--,!
 rotation returns to ! =m] direction2 t 
is1 to ! direction ( ! motion ( ! h&s ( 
a wat*4  ,,xxvii4 ,odomet] held ov] !   
radial 7or ?umb7 edge ( ! wri/4         
,result--,! same z :5 held ov] ?umb4    
,odomet] held ov] ! little-f+] edge ( ! 
wri/4 ,result--,! same z :5 held ov]    
ei!r ( ! f+]s4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 result   
ext5ds a ?ird ! l5g? ( ! =e-arm1 ov] !  
middle ( :i* ! odomet] becomes /ation>y4

  ,,xxviii4 ,a portion ( rock-cry/al    
five in*es long1 ab\t two wide & deep1  
plac$ on ! table ) its long axis        
transv]se to ! op]ator4 ,glass odomet]  
held ov] ! middle ( ! upp] pla9 surface4
 ,result--,oscillations p>allel to !    
axis ( ! cry/al4 ,position ( ! cry/al   
%ift$1 s z to make its axis po9t f !    
op]ator4 ,result--,oscillations z be=e  
p>allel to ! axis ( ! cry/al1 b         
longitud9al to ! op]ator4 ,!n ! ?umb    
appli$ to ! =ef+]4 ,result--,transv]se  
oscillations4  ,,xxix4 ,glass odomet]   
held susp5d$ ov] "o apex ( ! cry/al4    
,result--,rotatory motion 9 ! direction 
( ! h&s ( a wat*4 ,odomet] held ov] !   
opposite end4 ,result--,rotation 9 !    
direction contr>y to t ( ! h&s ( a wat*4
  ,,xxx4 ,! la/ exp]im5t repeat$4 ,!    
=ef+] ( ! op]ator's un5gag$ h& br\ght   
ne> to ! odomet] 9 ea* ( its two        
v>ieties4 ,result--,! previ\s rotatory  
motion rev]s$4 ,!n ! po9t ( ! ?umb      
br\ght into contact ) ! odomet] f+]4    
,result--,! orig9al rotatory motion     

re-e/abli%$4  ,i w add 9 ref]5ce to !   
fir/ & simple/ exp]im5ts1 t !           
int]position ( sev]al folds ( silk      
betwe5 ! ,od-subject & ! odomet] r5d]s !
 motions ( ! latt] less brisk4  ,!      
developm5t :i* ,i h ?us giv5 to ! few1  
isolat$1 & long-ho>d$ exp]im5ts ( ,h]r  
,casp>i1 0 n s simple an affair z x may 
seem to be4 ,= sev]al days ,i 0 9 d\bt z
 to ! g5u95ess ( ! results1 s caprici\s 
& contradictory 7 !y4 ,x 0 only :5 ,i _h
 discov]$1 fir/1 ! rev]s+ effect ( t\*+ 
! odomet] f+] ) ! ?umb ( ! same h&1 &1  
secondly1 t approa*+ ! ?umb t[>ds !     
odomet] f+]1 or ev5 all[+ ! o!r f+]s ( !
 odomet] h& to close ^u ! ball ( ! ?umb1
 has ! same effect ) br++ ! po9t ( !    
?umb into contact ) ! odomet] f+]1 t ,i 
succe$$ 9 obta9+ unv>y+ results4 ,!     
int]e/ ( ^! exp]im5ts is unque/ionably v
 consid]able4 ,!y op5 a new ve9 (       
rese>*1 & e/abli% a new bond ( connexion
 betwe5 physical & physiological sci5ce1
 :i* _c fail to promote ! advancem5t (  
bo?4 ,!y contribute a mass ( objective &

 physical evid5ce to give support &     
sub/antiality to ! subjective results ( 
,von ,rei*5ba*'s exp]im5ts4 ,!y t5d to  
prove ! exi/5ce ( "s univ]sal =ce1 su* z
 t to :i* he has giv5 !oretical =m &    
consi/5ce "u ! designation ( ,od4 ,& su*
 a univ]sal =ce1 :at o!r c we deem x to 
be ?an ! long-vilip5d$ influ5ce (       
,mesm]1 r5d]$ bright & transp>5t &      
palatable by pass+ ?r\gh ! filt] (      
sci5ce8     ,,lett] ,,xiii4   ,,!       
,,solution4--,exam9ation ( ! g5u95ess ( 
!  ph5om5a--,od-motions produc$ by      
bodies 9 _! mo/ in]t  /ate--,analysis ( 
! =ces :i* orig9ate !m--,od-motions     
connect$ ) electrical1 magnetic1        
*emical1 cry/all9e1 & vital             
influ5ces--,_! analysis4   ,! pres5t    
lett] might be entitl$ 8,an acc\nt ( "s 
motions rec5tly discov]$1 to !          
manife/ation ( :i* an influ5ce proce$+ f
 ! liv+ human body is necess>y40 ,!     
contrivance by :i* ^! motions are       
elicit$ ,i h call$ an ,odomet]1 f !     
conviction t ! =ce :i* sets x 9 movem5t 

is no o!r ?an ! ,od-=ce ( ,von          
,rei*5ba*4 ,= ! same reason ,i h call$ !
 objects ) :i* x is te/$ ,od-subjects1 &
 ! motions !mselves ,od-motions4  ,!    
odomet] is a p5dulum1 =m$ ( a r+1 or o!r
 small body atta*$ to a ?read1 ! o!r end
 ( :i* is w\nd r\nd a f+] or ! ?umb4 ,! 
odomet] employ$ 9 ! foll[+ exp]im5ts 0 a
 light gold r+1 hav+ a great] mass (    
metal on ! unatta*$ side1 & susp5d$ to !
 la/ jo9t ( ! "r =ef+]1 ! susp5d+ m$ium 
be+ ei!r silk1 or f9e cotton1 or ! hair 
( a horse4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 made by       
myself4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! confusion    
result+ f a multiplicity ( details1 ,i  
%all /ate ! results obta9$ ?r\gh te/+ a 
limit$ numb] only ( ,od-subjects1 s     
select$ z to repres5t ! lead+ divisions 
( ! prov9ces ( nature1 & ( dynamics4 ,) 
"s ( ! pr9cipal ! read] w be already    
acqua9t$ ?r\gh ,lett] ,,xii41 ! cont5ts 
( :i* w h prep>$ him =1 & probably      
sugge/$ to him1 ! foll[+ "q1 z a        
desirable subject ( prelim9>y           
consid]ation4  ,i4 ,are ! motions ref]r$

 to wor? exam9+ at all8 ,are !y m ?an ! 
simple results ( impulses convey$ to !  
p5dulum by movem5ts ( ! h& or wri/1 or  
"s g5]al sway ( ! exp]im5t]'s p]son1    
un9t5tionally go+ ) ! expectation or    
conception ( ?is or t motion ( ! r+8    
,su* a solution ( ! ph5om5a is n want+ 9
 probability4 ,x is metaphysically &    
physically c]ta91 t :5 we ma9ta9 "o & ! 
same bodily po/ure or ge/ure1 z 9 /&+1  
sitt+1 or hold+ out ! h&1 :atev] be !   
seem+ cont9u\sness & unity ( ! ef=t1 !  
po/ure or ge/ure is really ma9ta9$ only 
by a s]ies ( rapidly succe$+ ef=ts4 ,:at
 is m likely ?an t1 9 su* a cont9ual    
r5ew+ ( volunt>y actions1 our fancy1 or 
! sympa?y betwe5 our w & our ?\ghts1    
%\ld give a bias to ! results1 ev5 :5 we
 mo/ try to neutralize its influ5ce8 ,! 
fact :i* ,i propose fir/ to m5tion is 9 
complete agreem5t ) ?is view4 ,i c at w 
cause ! odomet] to move exactly z ,i    
please4 ,al?\gh ,i hold my h& z /eadily 
z possible by lean+ ! arm aga9/ a table1
 & endeav\r to keep my p]son absolutely 

/ill1 yet ,i h only to =m a vivid       
conception ( a new pa? = ! odomet]1 & a 
motion 9 ! s-imag9$ direction is almo/  
imm$iately sub/itut$ = t :i* 0 be=e go+ 
on4 ,9 l mann]1 ,i h only to conceive ! 
cessation ( motion1 & ! odomet]         
gradually /ops4 ,i mu/ f>!r admit t my  
fir/ trials ( ! odomet] 7 made "u ! full
 expectation t ! results :i* ensu$ w\ld 
foll[4 ,& ,i _c say t x is impossible1 t
 :5 o!r & new motions em]g$1 !y 7 n (t5 
ei!r realizations ( a previ\s guess1 or 
repetitions on ! same pr9ciple ( :at    
occurr$ at fir/ z an accid5t4  ,on ! o!r
 h&1 ,i am n unprep>$ ) an array ( facts
 :i* seem to me capable n only (        
neutraliz+ ! =ce ( ! prec$+ argum5t1 b (
 mak+ x appe>1 mo/ likely1 t "s o!r     
influ5ce ?an t ( ! exp]im5t]'s m9d is   
(t5 9 op]ation 9 br++ ab\t ^! results2  
an influ5ce suffici5tly curi\s1 z ,i    
?9k1 to ju/ify me 9 cont9u+ ?is         
inve/igation & ! pres5t lett]4 ,i beg ! 
read]'s c&id con/ruction ( ! foll[+     
/atem5ts4  ,if1 :5 try+ ! odomet]1 ,i h 

caus$ x1 by conceiv+ a diff]5t motion1  
to *ange its pa? & move 9 a wrong       
direction1 ,i n[ endeav\r to div]t my   
m9d f consid]+ its motion at all1 !     
odomet] inv>iably resumes its previ\s "r
 movem5t4 ,x is1 inde$1 difficult to    
obs]ve a /rict m5tal neutrality 9 ?is   
in/ance4 ,= ! odomet] moves imp]fectly &
 unc]ta9ly1 unless ,i frequ5tly look at 
its p]=mance4 ,or1 z ,i int]pret ! fact1
 unless ,i keep my att5tion fix$ to a   
c]ta9 ext5t on :at ,i am do+1 my h&     
loses its /ead9ess1 & communicates all  
sorts ( di/ract+ impulses to ! p5dulum4 
,& ! unc]ta9ty h5ce aris+ admits1 x     
appe>s to me1 ( be+ obviat$ by !        
comp>ison ( num]\s c>eful repetitions ( 
! exp]im5ts4  ,_m ( ! motions :i* ,i at 
fir/ ?\ght 7 g5u9e ,od-results1 ,i      
aft]w>ds f\nd out ,i _h be5 mi/ak5 94 ,&
 ! correction ( ^! errors 0 mo/ly due to
 frequ5t & c>eful repetitions ( !       
exp]im5ts1 unatt5d$ by an expectation ( 
f9d+ ! results rev]s$ or o!rwise        
modifi$1 & in/itut$ simply to secure _! 

g5u95ess & c]ta9ty4  ,!n !re 0 "o result
 :i* at "o "t ,i confid5tly anticipat$2 
b x nev] came up4 ,i _h f\nd ! r+ make  
gyrations 9 ! direction ( ^? ( ! h&s ( a
 wat*1 :5 held ov] ! small end ( a liv+ 
un9cubat$ egg4 ,opposite gyrations 7    
obta9$ ov] ! big end4 ,i ?\ght ?is might
 h to d ) ! sex ( ! embryo4 ,& ,i tri$1 
accord+ly1 a doz5 eggs1 expect+ t 9 "s !
 direction ( ! gyrations at ! two ends  
w\ld be rev]s$4 ,b ?is ev5t nev]        
occurr$1 mu* z ,i laid myself out = x4  
,if my fancy c\ld h decid$ ! matt] 9    
spite ( my c>e to prev5t its int]f]5ce1 
,i am cle> t = a "t1 at lea/1 ,i %\ld h 
obta9$ 9 ^! exp]im5ts ^u ! egg a d\ble  
set ( results4 ,i 0 mu* delight$ two    
mon?s lat] at com+ ^u ! explanation ( ! 
"q1 :y gyration l t ( ! h&s ( a wat* is 
manife/$ at ! little end ( ! egg4 ,i _h 
kn[n f ne>ly ! fir/ t ?is direction ( ! 
rotatory ,od-motion is manife/$ :5 !    
p5dulum is swung ov] ! "r side ( ! human
 body4 ,!n ,i fell ^u an old            
physiological rem9isc5ce1 7& f\nd a     

draw+ ( ! fact 9 my outl9es (           
,physiology17 t ! embryo *ick lies 9 !  
egg transv]sely ^u its face1 ) its "r   
side t[>ds ! little end4  ,!n !re 7 two 
o!r results1 :i* 7 directly at v>iance )
 my anticipations1 b :i* nev] fail$ to  
pres5t !mselves4 ,i made a voltaic      
arrangem5t by means ( two plates1 "o (  
z9c1 ! o!r ( copp]1 fix$ 9 contact 9 a  
solution ( salt 9 wat]4 ,n[1 :5 held    
opposite ! middle ( ! z9c disc1 !       
odomet] always rotat$ l ! h&s ( a wat*2 
:ile ov] ! copp] disc ! ph5om5on 0      
rev]s$4 ,^! results are con/ant4 ,b ,i h
 _h ! satisfaction ( lately discov]+ t1 
if ,i pres5t ! r+ to any "p ( !         
circumf]5ce ( ! two discs1 its motion is
 ! opposite1 & 9 accordance ) !ory4  ,"o
 ( ! te/s on :i* ,i h mu* reli$ 9       
det]m9+ :e!r ! motions ,i obta9$ 7 g5u9e
 ,od-motions1 consi/$ 9 produc+ _!      
rev]sal by alt]+ ! ,od-relations ( my h&
 or ( my p]son4 ,:at gives p>ticul>     
value to ?is te/ is1 t ! v]s$ or        
complim5t>y motion is subject to diff]5t

 laws4 ,"o set ( second>y oscillations  
*anges into oscillations 9 a plane at "r
 angles to ! plane ( ! prim>y           
oscillations4 ,9 ano!r s]ies ! motion   
cont9ues 9 ! same plane2 b ! excursions1
 :i* 7 be=e longe/ 9 "o direction1 are  
n[ longe/ 9 ! opposite1 z if a repell5t 
curr5t _h be5 sub/itut$ = an attract+   
"o4 ,! ,od-oscillations1 x may be       
obs]v$1 are always dep5d5t ^u ! action (
 a con/ant rectil9e> =ce c\nt]act$ by ! 
gravitation ( ! p5dulum4 ,! means ,i    
usually employ to rev]se ! prim>y       
,od-motions is1 br++ ! end ( ! "r ?umb  
into contact ) ! odomet]-f+]1 :]e !     
?read is w\nd r\nd x4 ,b ! exp]im5t] _c 
be too c>eful n to br+ ! ?umb ev5 ne> to
 ! odomet] f+]1 or to all[ 8 o!r f+]s to
 close ^u ! ball ( ! ?umb1 = ! ph5om5a  
are ?us aga9 liable to be rev]s$4  ,!   
o!r means ( rev]s+ ! results ( !        
exp]im5ts are3--   a4 ,to sub/itute a   
hair ( a m>e = ! susp5d+ m$ia           
above-nam$4   b4 ,to hold a sov]eign 9 !
 left h&4   c4 ,to apply ! =ef+] ( !    

left h& to ! odomet] f+]4   d4 ,to h    
ei!r h& ( a p]son ( ! same sex laid on  
y\r  "r h& or "r e>4   e4 ,to h ei!r h& 
( a p]son ( ! opposite sex laid ^u  y\r 
left h& or left e>4  ,! v>i\s sub/ances 
employ$ z ,od-subjects admit ( be+      
divid$ into two great classes2 "o       
consi/+ ( unorganiz$ or organiz$ bodies 
9 :i* a m9imum ( int]nal activity is    
pres5t2 ! o!r1 ( bodies ( bo? classes1 9
 :i* ! m en]getic prop]ties ( matt] are 
at "w4         99       99       99     
99       99  ,i4 ,let me fir/ notice !  
results obta9$ ) ! fir/ class ( bodies4 
,^!1 aga91 are r$ucible to two =ms4 ,!  
,od-subject may ei!r be ( a regul>      
figure & equal ?ickness ?r\gh\t--z a    
piece ( money1 = in/ance2 or x may be ( 
an irregul> figure1 ) an unequal mass ( 
matt] at "o "p--z1 = in/ance1 :5 x      
consi/s ( an aggregate ( sev]al pieces (
 money v>i\sly arrang$4 ,i %all fir/    
treat ( ! fir/ & simpl] case4         99
       99       99       99       99  ,x
 does n matt] h[ y face 9 mak+ ^!       

exp]im5ts4 ,! influ5ce ( y\r p]son makes
 ! v>i\s m]idians ( ! ,od-subject4 ,!   
movem5ts :i* we h fir/ to exam9e are !  
results ( hold+ ! odomet] ov] ! middle (
 v>i\s uni=m discs1 su* z ,i h suppos$4 
,!y consi/ ( two s]ies (                
oscillations--"o direct$ longitud9ally  
to & f ! exp]im5t]2 ! o!r transv]sal1 or
 9 a plane at "r angles to ! plane ( !  
fir/ s]ies ( oscillations4 ,!n x is     
highly conv5i5t to h t]ms d5ot+ ! f\r   
c>d9al po9ts at :i* ^! oscillations cut 
! edge ( ! circul> disc4 ,^! po9ts may  
be t]m$ di/al1 proximal1 dextral1       
s9i/ral4 ,x w likewise be f\nd conv5i5t 
to h t]ms to d5ote ! direction ( !      
motions manife/$4 ,! t]ms di/ad1        
proximad1 dextrad1 s9i/rad1 w s]ve our  
purpose4 ,^! t]ms ref] to ! p]son ( !   
exp]im5t]4 ,two o!r t]ms are /ill want+2
 sometimes rotatory motion sup]v5es1 :i*
 maybe ei!r 9 ! direction ( ! motion ( !
 h&s ( a wat*1 or ! rev]se4 ,i call !   
fir/ ( ^! two motions clock-rotation1 ! 
second v]s$-rotation4  ,! pres5t class (

 ,od-subjects pres5t ! foll[+ rem>kable 
diff]5ces among !mselves3--  ,ov] "o    
class1 includ+ gold1 z9c1 & poli%$      
glass1 a circul> mass ( bic>bonate (    
soda1 ! odomet] prim>ily oscillates     
longitud9ally4  ,) ! o!r class1 :i*     
includes pe>l1 gr\nd glass1 copp]1 a    
circul> mass ( t>t>ic acid1 ! odomet]   
held ov] ! c5tre prim>ily oscillates    
transv]sely4  ,ov] poli%$ glass1 an     
odomet] ( res9 oscillates transv]sely2  
ov] gr\nd glass longitud9ally4  ,ea* (  
^! movem5ts is replac$ by ! o!r1 :5 !   
?umb is br\ght into contact ) !         
odomet]-f+]4 7,see figs4 #a & #b1 9 :i* 
! cont9u\s l9e repres5ts ! prim>y       
motion2 ! dott$ l9e1 ! second>y or      
complem5t>y or rev]s$ motion47          
99       99       99       99       99  
,,ii4 ,analysis ( ! =ces1 or curr5ts    
conduc+ to1 or implicat$ 9 ! movem5ts ( 
! odomet] j describ$4  ,x has be5 said t
 ! above movem5ts manife/ !mselves :5 ! 
odomet] is held ov] ! c5tre ( !         
,od-subject4 ,let u n[ exam9e !         

consequ5ces ( hold+ ! odomet]           
extra-m>g9ally to1 or beyond ! edge (1 !
 ,od-subject4  ,illu/ration3 ,diagram   
%[+ figs4 #a-h  ,illu/ration3 ,diagram  
%[+ figs4 #i-ad   a4 ,let ! odomet] be  
held a qu>t] ( an in* away f1 &  ov] ea*
 c>d9al po9t ( a sov]eign1 or z9c       
circul> disc1  9 succession4            
,result--,held ne> ! di/al po9t1 its    
motion is  proximad4 ,held ne> !        
proximal po9t1 its motion is proximad4  
,held ne> ! dextral po9t1 its motion is 
s9i/rad4 ,held ne> !  s9i/ral po9t1 its 
motion is s9i/rad4 7,see fig4 #c47  ,b !
 fir/ two impulses ?us atta9$ correspond
 ) ! direction ( ! prim>y oscillations (
 ! odomet]1 ! la/ two ) its complem5t>y 
oscillations2 & if ! odomet] be held n[ 
ov] diff]5t po9ts 9 succession ( ! two  
diametral l9es1 susp5d$1 ( c\rse1 by !  
f+] alone ov] ! fir/ s]ies ( po9ts1 & by
 ! f+] t\*$ by ! ?umb ov] ! second1 x w 
be f\nd t ! prim>y oscillations orig9at$
 ov] e po9t ( ! longitud9al diamet] ( ! 
z9c disc are proximad2 & t ^? obta9able 

ov] any "p ( ! transv]se diamet] ( ! z9c
 disc are s9i/rad4  ,!n ! =ces or       
curr5ts are made manife/ by :i* ! two   
sets ( oscillations are produc$2 & !    
m>vel ( ! prompt sub/itution ( "o = !   
o!r is at an end2 = x is evid5t t ^! two
 =ces1 :e!r produc$ or only reveal$ by !
 pres5ce ( ! odomet]1 co-exi/2 & t !    
*ang$ ,od-relations ( ! exp]im5t] to !  
odomet]1 7effect$ by disjo9+ ! ?umb f1  
or jo9+ x to1 ! =ef+]17 simply act by   
giv+ tempor>y pr$om9ance to "o ( ! two  
co-exi/5t curr5ts4  ,if ^! exp]im5ts be 
made at ! edge ( ! copp] disc1 !y elicit
 opposite b p>allel results4 7,see fig4 
#d47 ,!y ev9ce ! exi/5ce ( two curr5ts1 
"o dextrad1 ! o!r s9i/rad1 f :i* ! same 
conclusions may be d$uc$4  ,x is        
important to notice1 t 9 all ?is class (
 ! exp]im5ts1 ! di/ad & dextrad curr5ts 
are manife/$ 9 comb9ation2 & 9 l mann] !
 proximad & s9i/rad4  ,?is comb9ation is
 fur!r exemplifi$ 9 ! next exp]im5t1 :i*
 ,i %all describe4   b4 ,excite ! above 
extra-m>g9al motions ( ! odomet] held   

ne> ! two plates 9 succession2 & !n     
apply ! ?umb to !  f+] 9 ea* exp]im5t4  
,result--,tang5tial motions are manife/$
  p>allel to ! diametral motions be=e   
display$4 7,see figs4 #e &  #f47  ,we   
_c1 h[ev]1 suppose ^! extra-m>g9al      
tang5tial motions to be ! lat]al limits 
( ! f\r great curr5ts1 inasmu* z !y are 
obta9$ by ! v]s$ process to t :i* obta9s
 ! c5tral motion2 & ! "q arises1 :at !n 
are ! limits ( ! c5tral curr5ts8   c4   
,hold ! odomet] ov] ! z9c disc at its   
c5tre2 ( c\rse1  longitud9al            
oscillations det]m9$ by ! proximad      
curr5t manife/  !mselves4 ,!n %ift its  
place on ! transv]se diamet] m &  m to !
 left4 ,fir/ ,result--,= some?+ m ?an a 
qu>t] (  ! :ole diamet]1 ! motion       
cont9ues longitud9al1 prov+ t  ! c5tral 
curr5t has a bread? at lea/ some?+      
exce$+ half  ! diamet]4 ,same result on 
! o!r side ( ! c5tre4 ,second           
,result--,:5 ! odomet] ne>s ! s9i/ral   
c>d9al po9t (  ! z9c disc1 its          
longitud9al proximad motion is replac$  

by !  motion ,i h call$ clock-rotation4 
,:5 x is held ne> ! dextral  c>d9al     
po9t1 v]s$ rotation manife/s itself4    
,?is second result e/abli%es t !        
longitud9al proximad curr5t ext5ds      
lat]ally to ! edges ( ! disc2 b t1 :5   
ne> to !m1 ! =ce ( ! co-exi/+ transv]se 
curr5t ass]ts itself1 driv+ ! odomet]   
7on ! left7 (f 9 a s9i/ro-proximad      
diagonal1 :i* ends 9 ! e/abli%m5t (     
clock-rotation2 on ! "r driv+ ! c5tral  
curr5t (f1 9 a dextro-proximad diagonal1
 result+ 9 v]s$ rotation4 7,see fig4    
#g47  ,p>allel & opposite results are   
obta9$ by ! odomet] :5 ^! exp]im5ts are 
repeat$ ) ! copp] disc2 & necess>ily !  
clock-rotation appe>s ne> ! proximad    
m>g9 ( ! disc1 ! v]s$ rotation ne> !    
di/al edge4  ,!re=e x is evid5t t !     
great longitud9al & transv]se curr5ts   
ext5d ov] ! :ole disc1 b n beyond x4    
,exp]im5t a1 section ,,ii41 & figs4 #c &
 #d1 %[ t1 imm$iately beyond ! c>d9al   
po9ts1 s+le =ces are 9 op]ation4  ,o!r  
int]e/+ results foll[ f try+ ) ! odomet]

 ! extra-m>g9al spaces betwe5 ! c>d9al  
po9ts4   d4 ,fir/ let ! c5tral po9ts    
betwe5 ea* pair ( c>d9al po9ts  be tri$ 
) ! z9c disc4 ,result--7see fig4        
#i17--;a dextro-proximad  curr5t is     
manife/$ betwe5 ! s9i/ral & di/al po9ts1
 &  betwe5 ! proximal & dextral po9ts2 a
 s9i/ro-proximad curr5t  is manife/$    
betwe5 ! dextral & di/al1 & betwe5 !    
proximal  & s9i/ral po9ts--giv+ !       
impression t !re exi/ two  diagonal     
=ces1 comp>able to ! longitud9al &      
transv]se =ces4  ,fig4 #aj gives !      
correspond+1 b opposite1 results obta9$ 
^u ! copp] disc4  ,x is1 h[ev]1 d\btful 
:e!r ^! curr5ts trav]se ! :ole disc4 ,= 
if ! exp]im5t is made ( foll[+ ea* ^u ! 
disc1 _! influ5ce disappe>s at less ?an 
a qu>t] ( ! diamet]1 :]e ! odomet] is   
f\nd to obey on ! z9c disc ! proximad   
curr5t1 on ! copp] disc ! dextrad       
curr5t4 ,or1 probably1 ^! curr5ts are ! 
simple expression ( ! action ( two equal
 =ces mov+ ! body op]at$ on by !m 7at "r
 angles to ea* o!r7 9 ! diagonal4 ,^!   

effects ?us =m a rem>kable contra/ ) !  
results giv5 9 figs4 #g & #h1 :]e9      
rotatory movem5ts are manife/$2 & !y    
seem to %[ t an ess5tial elem5t 9 ^!    
rotatory movem5ts is1 t "o ( ! two      
curr5ts act+ on ! odomet] mu/1 9 ! latt]
 case1 be ( sup]ior =ce to ! o!r4   e4  
,repeat ! la/ exp]im5ts v]s$1 or ) !    
?umb appli$ to  ! =ef+]4 ,results--7see 
figs4 #aa & #ab7--,tang5tial =ces are   
develop$1 ! directions ( :i* are        
opposite1 z obta9$ ov] !  z9c & ov] !   
copp] discs4   f4 ,repeat ! extra-m>g9al
 trials ( ! odomet] 9 all !  halves ( ! 
int]-c>d9al spaces1 bo? ) ! z9c & ) !   
copp] discs4 7,see figs4 #ac & #ad47    
,result--,a complicat$ s]ies (  rotatory
 movem5ts1 eight = ea* disc2 f\r 9 ea*  
case %[+  clock-rotation--f\r v]s$      
rotation--b opposite 9 ! correspond+    
spaces ( ! two discs4 ,on apply+ ! ?umb 
to ! odomet] f+]1  ! rotations become   
exactly inv]t$ s t1 9 t case2 fig4 #ad  
repres5ts :at is n[ manife/$ 9 ! z9c    
disc1 fig4 #ac :at is  n[ manife/$ 9 !  

copp] disc4  ,,iii4 ,motions ( ! odomet]
 obta9$ ov] ! same class ( sub/ances1 :5
 ( irregul> figure & unequal ?ickness4  
a4 ,let ! odomet] be held ov] ! middle (
 a l9e ( f\r  sov]eigns dispos$ ei!r    
longitud9ally1 transv]sely1 or          
obliquely4  ,result--,long oscillations 
ov] ! axis ( ! l9e ( sov]eigns4  ,b !   
oscillations are n ( equal l5g?4 ,at "o 
end ( ! l9e  !y ext5d to ! edge ( ! f\r?
 sov]eign4 ,at ! o!r1 !y  pass an in*   
beyond x4   b4 ,repeat ! exp]im5t1 t\*+ 
! odomet]-f+] ) !  "r ?umb4             
,result--,axial oscillations z be=e1 &  
unequal z  be=e1 b 9 ! contr>y          
direction4   c4 ,dispose f\r sov]eigns 9
 a l9e2 !n place two o!rs ^u any  "o ( !
 f\r1 & hold ! odomet] ov] ! table at   
?ree in*es  to "o side ( ! middle ( !   
l9e4 ,result--,! odomet] sw+s  9 ea*    
in/ance t[>ds t sov]eign on :i* ! two   
additional  are plac$--b unequally4 ,we 
w suppose t x has swung )  suffici5t    
/r5g? to rea* ! disc ( ! load$          
sov]eign1--!  oscillation 9 ! contr>y   

direction is b two in*es 9 l5g?4   d4   
,repeat ! exp]im5t1 ) ! ?umb appli$4    
,results--,oscillations ensue ( ! same  
l5g?1 & !y are aga9  unequal1 b 9 !     
contr>y direction4 ,n[ !y d n rea* !    
pile  ( sov]eigns by an in*1 b !y pass  
?ree in*es 9 ! opposite  direction4     
,illu/ration3 ,diagram %[+ figs4 #ae-bd 
,illu/ration3 ,diagram %[+ fisg #be-bi  
,?us a =ce is br\ght into view hav+ ?is 
new quality3 :5 ! ,od-relations ( !     
exp]im5t] are v]s$1 a *ange ensues1 n   
into motion 9 a plane transv]se to ! =m]
 "o1 b ! direction ( ! new motion is    
simply ! opposite ( ! fir/1 or ! odomet]
 appe>s to be attract$ or repell$ t[>ds 
! ,od-subject alt]nately4   e4 ,try !   
same exp]im5t ) a s+le sov]eign1 or ) ! 
z9c  disc4 ,result--,! odomet] held at  
f\r in*es di/ance is attract$  & repell$
 j z 9 ! prec$+ in/ance4  ,!n an        
irregul> =m ( ! ,od-subject1 or its     
unequal mass at diff]5t p>ts1 h no?+ to 
d ) ?is new motion2 & x is evid5t t !   
relation ( ! latt] to ! =m] class (     

oscillatory motions w be easily         
det]m9able4   f4 ,lay ! prop] disc be=e 
y 7see fig4 #ae17 & hold !  odomet] ov] 
! production 9 ea* direction ( its      
transv]sal l9e  beyond ! limits ( !     
disc4 ,results--,:5 held ne> ! "r edge  
( ! disc1 z be=e m5tion$1 a dextrad     
motion is develop$2 t  is to say1 !     
odomet] moves (f f ! dextral c>d9al po9t
 (  ! disc1 oscillatively4 ,?is movem5t1
 or ^? oscillations outw>d1  are fa9t] &
 fa9t]1 z ! odomet] is held ov] po9ts m 
&  m remote f ! disc4 ,at l5g?1 at !    
di/ance ( an in* & a  half1 ! odomet]   
becomes absolutely /ation>y4 ,:5 mov$1  
h[ev]1  /ill f>!r (f1 motion beg9s aga91
 :i* is v lively at f\r  to five in*es  
di/ance f ! disc1 its direction be+     
s5sibly  t[>d ! disc4 ,mov$ f>!r (f1    
/ill ! same motion cont9ues1  & is      
detectable t5 to twelve in*es (f !      
,od-subject4  ,:5 ! same exp]im5ts are  
made on ! left edge ( ! ,od-subject1    
ph5om5a j ! rev]se are manife/$ = ! same
 di/ance4 ,! extra-m>g9al dextrad motion

 is transv]se = an in* & a half4 ,!n !re
 occurs a po9t ( quiesc5ce2 on ! o!r    
side ( :i* ! odomet] sw+s 9 free & long 
s9i/rad or repell$ oscillations4   g4   
,repeat ^! exp]im5ts 7fig4 #af17 ) !    
?umb appli$4  ,result--,on ! left side !
 ne> extra-m>g9al dextrad motion  is    
replac$ by a tang5tial proximad motion2 
& ! c5trifugal  oscillations beyond !   
po9t ( quiesc5ce are replac$ by         
c5tripetal oscillations4 ,on ! "r side  
aga91 ! ne> dextrad  extra-m>g9al       
oscillations are replac$ by a proximad  
tang5tial  curr5t3 :ile beyond ! po9t ( 
quiesc5ce1 ! remote c5tripetal          
oscillations are rev]s$ into c5trifugal 
ones4  ,effects p>allel to ^! are atta9$
 at ea* ( ! c>d9al & int]-c>d9al po9ts (
 ! :ole circumf]5ce1 ^u ! z9c or copp]  
disc1 b z usual always rev]s$4          
,opposite to ! eight int]v5+ spaces1 !  
"* ( ! remote motion is *ang$4 ,!re x is
 a rotatory motion 9 a direction !      
rev]se ( ! rotatory motion %[n 9 figs4  
#ae & #af4  ,?us1 !re exi/s all r\nd !  

disc1 at a di/ance ( ab\t an in* & a    
half1 a circle ( complete repose4 ,)9   
?is ! prop]1 or ne>1 extra-m>g9al       
movem5ts ( ! odomet] are manife/$3 )\t  
x1 ! motions ( ! second & remote =ce la/
 describ$4  ,b to return to ! facts     
m5tion$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is section4  ,!  
movem5ts ( ! odomet] ov] a l9e (        
sov]eigns1 or f a di/ance t[>ds its     
c5tre ( gravity1 are evid5tly !         
consequ5ces ( ?is remote =ce com+ into  
op]ation2 ! long & =cible oscillations  
caus$ by :i* t[>d or f a remote po9t    
ov]ride ! small] ne> extra-m>g9al1 & !  
sup]-discal =ces ( ! ,od-subject4  ,,iv4
 ,i h next to deal ) ! effects obta9$ by
 try+ ! odomet] ) m9]al bodies1 9 :i*   
electric1 *emical1 or magnetic =ces are 
en]giz+1 or t =ce on :i* cry/all9e      
/ructure dep5ds1 & ) organiz$ bodies 9  
possession ( life4  ,9 ?is section1 ,i  
propose to describe ! simple resultants1
 analog\s to ! two diametral movem5ts1  
obta9$ :5 ! odomet] is held ov] a       
sov]eign4 ,x w be rememb]$ t1 ( ^! two1 

"o only manife/$ itself at a "t2 & t _! 
m]idians 7 det]m9$ by ! p]son ( !       
exp]im5t]4 ,"o movem5t 0 ei!r 9 !       
direction ( ! mesial plane ( 8 p]son1 or
 9 "o p>allel to x--namely1 !           
longitud9al oscillations2 ! o!r 0 9 a   
plane at "r angles to ! fir/4  ,!       
correspond+ movem5ts ( ! odomet] ) !    
class ( bodies n[ to be consid]$ are    
rotatory2 & two1 at lea/1 are always    
simultane\sly manife/$--"o a clock      
rotation1 ! o!r a v]s$ rotation4 ,^!    
opposite rotations are likewise always  
manife/$ on opposite sides or opposite  
ends ( ! ,od-subject1 indicat+ !        
developm5t ( pol>ity4 ,f9ally1 ! =ce (  
?is pol>ity is su* z to r5d] ! influ5ce 
( ! p]son ( ! exp]im5t] nugatory z to ! 
direction ( ! =ces4 ,accord+ly1 if a    
horse-%oe magnet is laid 9 any position 
9 ref]5ce to ! exp]im5t]1 clock-rotation
 is always obta9$ by hold+ ! odomet]    
half an in* above1 & beyond its nor?w>d 
pole2 & v]s$ rotation is inv>iably      
obta9$ 9 l mann] at its s\?w>d pole4 ,! 

effect ( t\*+ ! odomet]-f+] ) ! ?umb is 
exactly to rev]se ! two rotations4  ,i w
 n[ describe ! individual in/ances 9 :i*
 ^! rotations are manife/$2 or ! p>ts ( 
ea* ,od-subject ov] :i* ! odomet]       
rotates 9 opposite directions4          
,,clock-,,rotation4                     
,,v]s$-,,rotation4    a4 ,a /ick (      
seal+-wax excit$       ,a glass tube    
simil>ly excit$4      by friction )     
flannel or silk4      ,a glass tube     
excit$ by rubb+      x ) fur4    b4 ,!  
z9c disc ( an arrangem5t      ,! copp]  
disc ( ! same1 !      ( two z9c & copp] 
discs           odomet] be+ held ov]    
aga9/      moi/5$ ) salt & wat]1 !     !
 surface ( ! copp] disc2      odomet]   
be+ held opposite to !    = aga91 if x  
be held to !      middle ( ! z9c disc2 =
 if x     edge ( ! copp] disc1 !      be
 held beyond ! disc1 half an            
opposite result foll[s1 & !      in* f &
 on ! exact level       rotation is     
clock-rotation4      ( ! z9c disc1      
v]s$-rotation      is manife/$ r\nd !   

:ole      circumf]5ce4    c4 ,a mixture 
( half a dra*m (        ,a mixture (    
half a dra*m (      bic>bonate ( soda & 
five gra9s    t>t>ic ( bic>bonate       
acid & five gra9 ( t>t>ic acid1  ( soda4
      :5 eff]vesc+ ^u a plate aft]      
! addition ( wat]4    d4 ,! nor?w>d pole
 ( a horse-%oe   ,! s\?w>d pole ( !     
same4      magnet1 or ( a magnetic      
ne$le freely susp5d$4    e4 ,"o pole ( a
 l>ge cry/al1 :i*1  ,! opposite pole4   
is to be f\nd out by ?is      exp]im5t4 
f4 ,! root ( a g>d5 we$ fre%ly    ,!    
leaves ( ! same4      tak5 f ! gr\nd4   
g4 ,! /alk end ( an orange1 &      ,!   
opposite po9ts ( ! same4      ( an      
apple1 & ( an orange pip4    h4 ,! small
 end ( an egg4             ,! l>ge end (
 ! same4    i4 ,! tips ( ! f+]s on ei!r 
,! top ( ! ?umb & great      h&1 & ( !  
toes ( ei!r        toe4      foot4    k4
 ,"r side ( ! head ( a          ,left   
side4      sp>r[4  ,! la/ holds likewise
 ) ! great] "p ( ! human body2 b !      
results ( try+ ! odomet] ) ! human frame

 are s complicat$1 t ,i %all res]ve _!  
consid]ation = a sep>ate section4   ,v4 
,! me*anical solution ( ^! ph5om5a is   
simple en\gh4 ,! odomet] mu/ be "u !    
influ5ce ( two con/ant & unequal        
rectil9e> =ces1 op]at+ at "r angles to  
ea* o!r on ! gold r+1 ! effects ( :i*   
are modifi$ by ! c5tripetal =ce ( its   
gravitation4 ,all t is requir$ is1 to   
det]m9e by obs]vation ! place1          
direction1 & limits ( ! two =ces4  ,x w 
r5d] ! description :i* foll[s easi]1 to 
suppose t ! pole ( ! ,od-subject :i*    
causes clock-rotation be turn$ directly 
f ! exp]im5t]2 = example1 t an egg be   
plac$ longways to ! exp]im5t] ) its     
small end f him1 or a b> magnet ) its   
nor?w>d pole f him4 ,9 ! case ( a       
horse-%oe magnet1 bo? poles are !n turn$
 f y4 ,s1 too1 9 ! case ( ! h&1 ! f+]s &
 ?umbs are bo? to be turn$ away4   a4   
,odomet] held imm$iately be=e1 & a qu>t]
 ( an in* f1  ! small end ( an egg4     
,result--,di/ad motion1 or motion 9 !   
direction ( ! long axis ( ! egg1 f !    

egg4   b4 ,odomet] simil>ly held to !   
great end4 ,result--,proximad  motion ( 
! odomet]--t is1 aga91 motion directly f
 ! axis  ( ! egg4   c4 ,hold ! odomet]  
ne> ei!r side ( ! egg1 "o-fif? ( !      
di/ance f ei!r end4 ,results--,transv]se
 s9i/rad oscillations4  ,! same curr5t  
may be detect$ above ! egg on ! same    
p>allels4  ,! effects describ$ are giv5 
9 fig4 #ag4 ,!n "h are1 at ei!r end ( ! 
egg1 two rectil9e> curr5ts act+ at "r   
angles to ea* o!r4 ,fig4 #ah repres5ts !
 complem5t>y motions to ! above1 :i* are
 obta9$ by t\*+ ! odomet] f+] ) ! ?umb4 
,a p>allel comb9ation ( rectil9e>       
motions is produc$1 b 9 ano!r way4  ,!  
next ?ree figures exemplify !           
composition ( =ces necess>y to produce !
 rotatory motion ( ! odomet]4  ,figs4   
#ai & #bj are int5d$ to repres5t ! l>ge 
ends ( two eggs1 s plac$ t ! axial      
curr5ts ( ! two %all cross at "r angles1
 at a po9t equidi/ant1 let u say at half
 an in* exactly1 f ! end ( ea* egg4 ,if 
! r+ be susp5d$ exactly at ! po9t (     

meet+ ( ! two =ces1 x w be driv5 (f 9 ! 
diagonal1 & cont9ue simply to oscillate 
9 ! l9e ,a ,b4 ,b if ei!r ( ! eggs is   
mov$ back to d\ble its =m] di/ance f !  
po9t ( int]section ( ! two =ces1 ! =ces 
w be r5d]$ unequal1 & new results w     
ensue4 ,! two exp]im5ts by :i* ! results
 ( ?is arrangem5t may be tri$ are       
repres5t$ 9 figs4 #ba1 #bb1 & figs4 #bc1
 #bd4 ,! long] curr5t is necess>ily     
!reby ! weak] ( ! two 9 ea* comb9ation4 
,accord+ly1 rotatory motion sup]v5es 9  
ea* case in/ead ( diagonal oscillation2 
& ! direction ( ! rotation is f ! /rong]
 t[>ds ! weak] curr5t4  ,figure #be     
repres5ts ! v>i\s motions :i* may be    
elicit$ by hold+ ! odomet] at ! sides or
 ov] diff]5t p>ts ( a horse-%oe magnet4 
,! cont9u$ l9es 9 all ! diagrams        
repres5t ! prim>y motions1 ! dott$ l9es 
_! complem5t>y motions4  ,figures #bf & 
#bg repres5t1 9 ! same way1 ! prim>y &  
second>y oscillations obta9able ov] !   
c5tre (1 or p>allel to ! ne$le4         
,figures #bh & #bi repres5t ! motions   

display$ by ! odomet]1 :5 x is held     
above v>i\s po9ts 9 ! int]val betwe5 two
 sov]eigns1 plac$ ^u ! table an in* & a 
half asund]4 ,comp\nd effects foll[1    
produc$ by ! jo9t influ5ce ( ! two      
bodies4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,,vi4 ,i w f9ally describe 
! ph5om5a elicit$ by ! odomet] f ! liv+ 
human frame1 includ+ ^? :i* are dep5d5t 
on diff]5ce ( sex4  ,p>ties to exp]im5ts
 ) ! odomet] may be 9 ! position ei!r ( 
,od-subjects1 or ( rev]s]s ( its effects
 9 ! h&s ( o!rs1 or !y may be !mselves  
compon5ts ( ! odomet]4  ,i c discov]    
absolutely no diff]5ce 9 ! results      
obta9$ by ! odomet] on m5 & wom51 :5    
treat$ z ,od-subjects4 ,! foll[+ results
 appe> to me equally obta9able ) p]sons 
( bo? sexes4  ,) ! exception ( ! arms   
bel[ ! elb[s1 ! wri/s & h&s1 & ( ! legs 
bel[ ! knees1 ! ankles & feet1 ! two    
sides ( ! p]son display ! pol> diff]5ces
 already notic$4 ,if ! odomet] be held  
ov] ! "r side ( ! head1 7ei!r front or  
back17 ov] ! "r side ( ! face1 ov] ! "r 

%\ld] or elb[1 or "r knee1 x exhibits   
clock-rotation4 ,held ov] ! same p>ts on
 ! left side1 x exhibits v]s$-rotation4 
,on t\*+ ! odomet]-f+] ) ! ?umb1 ^!     
effects are ( c\rse rev]s$4  ,if !      
odomet] be held ov] ! middle & outside (
 ei!r arm1 or ov] ! middle & back ( ei!r
 =e-arm or h&1 x oscillates             
longitud9ally & t[>ds ! h& or foot4 ,on 
reapply+ ! ?umb1 ^! longitud9al         
oscillations are replac$ by transv]se   
oscillations1 hav+ a direction          
outw>ds--i4 e41 away f ! mesial plane ( 
! frame4  ,! ph5om5a la/ describ$ %[ t !
 prim>y idea ( a transv]se pol>ity = !  
:ole frame is /ill v]ifiable1 ev5 9 !   
extreme p>ts ( ei!r limb4 ,b bel[ !     
elb[s & knees a second pol>ity is       
sup]9duc$ ^u ! =m]4 ,bel[ ! elb[s &     
knees1 "o side ( ea* limb repeats !     
ph5om5a ( ! "r side ( ! body1 ! o!r ^? (
 ! left4 ,! odomet] held ov] ! tips ( ! 
f+]s ( ei!r h& exhibits clock-rotation1 
ov] ! ?umb ( ei!r h& v]s$-rotation2 & ) 
^!1 z ,i h m5tion$1 all ! o!r effects t 

c be elicit$ out ( ! two limbs ( a      
horse-%oe magnet4 ,! same rotatory      
movem5ts may likewise be obta9$ by hold+
 ! odomet] ne> ! two edges ( ! h&1 wri/1
 =e-arm4 ,! latt] s+ul>ity1 :i* contra/s
 ) ! simpl] effects on ! upp] arm1 mu/  
result f ! comb9ation ( ! two           
pol>ities--! sy/emic & ! submembral "o4 
,! odomet]1 held ov] ! back ( ! neck or 
?roat1 oscillates transv]sely4 ,:5 v]s$1
 longitud9ally4  ,x appe>s to me n[ t   
wom5 g5]ally are incapable ( elicit+ !  
movem5ts ( ! odomet] :5 held by         
!mselves1 )\t t\*+ a second p>ty4  ,i h 
already1 9 ! introductory "p ( ?is      
lett]1 giv5 a summ>y ( all ! modes ,i am
 acqua9t$ ) ( rev]s+ ! motions ( !      
odomet]4  ,p]haps ,i h presum$ too mu* 9
 head+ ?is lett] ) ! title ( 8,!        
,solution40 ,b :at is ! solution (      
physical ph5om5a b ! display+ ( ! =ces  
:i* compel _! sequ5ce8 ,z an inquiry    
progresses1 a few g5]al expressions take
 ! place ( ! fir/ imp]fect & complicat$ 
explanation4 ,b ! fir/ /ep made 0 /ill a

 solution2 & ! highe/ solution ev] yet  
obta9$ has probably /ill to be m]g$ 9 "s
 expression yet m g5]al4 ,s ! attraction
 ( gravitation is probably connect$ )1  
or balanc$ by1 a correspond+ repulsive  
=ce1 com+ into op]ation at "s enorm\s   
di/ance f ! c5tre ( ea* planet>y sph]e1 
& ! two may ev5tually prove to =m "o    
law4  ,b ,i _h hop$ t ,i 0 n presum+ 9  
ass]t+ t ! pres5t inquiry has imm$iate  
practical applications1 su* z seldom    
fall to ! lot ( s "y an inve/igation4 ,!
 odomet] may prove a useful te/ ( !     
pres5ce & qualities ( electric1 *emical1
 & magnetic actions2 x w probably help  
to det]m9e ! electro*emical qualities ( 
bodies2 & 9 l>ge or small cry/all9e     
masses--9 ! diamond1 = in/ance--w s]ve  
to %[ ! axes & di/+ui% ! opposite poles4
 ,9 ref]5ce to biology1 x w probably    
furni% ! long-want$ crit]ion betwe5 dea?
 & app>5t dea?2 = ,i obs]ve t1 ) an egg 
long kept1 b /ill alive1 ?\gh no long]  
likely to be v palatable1 ! odomet]     
freely moves 9 ! way describ$ 9 ! f\r?  

section4 ,b x treats ! fre%e/ egg1 :5   
boil$1 z if x 7 a lump ( z9c4           
,nev]!less ,i am n )\t c]ta9 misgiv+s4  
,i suspect t ! div9+-r+ w be f\nd to    
manife/ g5u9e ,od-motions 9 ! h&s ( z   
small a numb] z succe$ ) ! div9+-rod4 ,&
 ,i fe> t ov]ha/y confid5ce 9 results   
only seem+ly s\nd1 may lead _m a/ray    
into a wide field ( self-deception4     
,,po/script4  ,an accid5t has giv5 me ! 
opportunity ( mak+ fur!r additions to   
?is little volume1 ( :i* ,i proce$ to   
avail myself2 &1 fir/1 by communicat+ my
 late/ exp]im5ts ) ! div9+-r+1 ,july    
#bd4  ,i4 ,i h /at$ t1 if a fre% egg be 
plac$ ^u ! table1 ) ! small end direct$ 
f me--or a cry/al1 ) "o def9ite pole s  
turn$ f me--or a b>-magnet1 ) its       
nor?w>d pole s dispos$--& ,i !n susp5d !
 div9+-r+ half an in* above ei!r ( !    
?ree s av]t$ ends1 & half an in* fur!r  
(f f me1 ! r+ exhibits clock-rotation 9 
ea* in/ance4 ,held 9 a p>allel mann] ov]
 ! opposite ends--t is1 half an in* f1 &
 half an in* high] ?an1 ! same--! r+    

exhibits v]s$-rotation4 ,if ! ?ree      
,od-subjects be mov$ r\nd1 s t _! hi!rto
 di/al ends po9t to ! "r1 or if !y be   
fur!r turn$1 s z to br+ ! previ\sly     
di/al ends n[ to po9t directly t[>ds me1
 ! r+ cont9ues to exhibit exactly ! same
 motions z 9 ! fir/ in/ance4  ,if1 ^!   
objects be+ remov$1 ,i lay a horse-%oe  
magnet on ! table be=e me1 ) its poles  
turn$ directly f me1 ! nor?w>d limb be+ 
on my left h&1 ! s\?w>d limb-pole on my 
"r1 & exp]im5ts p>allel to ^? j describ$
 are made1 ! results rema9 ! same4 ,if1 
ne> "o side ( ! horse-%oe magnet1 ,i lay
 my left h& on ! table1 ! palm d[nw>ds1 
! ?umb held wide ( ! f+]s1 ! r+1 if     
susp5d$ half an in* f & above ei!r ( !  
f+]-po9ts1 displays clock-rotation2     
susp5d$ simil>ly be=e & above ! po9t ( !
 ?umb1 v]s$-rotation4 ,or ! f+]s ( !    
left h&1 s dispos$1 may be comp>$1 9    
ref]5ce to ,od1 to ! nor?w>d pole ( a   
horse-%oe magnet1 :ile ! ?umb           
corresponds ) its s\?w>d pole4  ,if1    
remov+ my left h&1 ,i turn ! horse-%oe  

magnet1 )\t alt]+ ! side on :i* x re/s1 
half r\nd1 s t ! poles po9t directly    
t[>ds me1 ! nor?w>d pole be+ n[1 (      
c\rse1 on my "r1 ! s\?w>d pole on my    
left1 ! r+ held z be=e ov] ei!r ( ! two 
poles1 displays ! same results4 ,if ,i  
n[ move ! magnet /ill ne>] to me1 s t   
its two poles are an in* beyond ! edge (
 ! table1 ,i c obta9 results :i* furni% 
a m precise explanation ( ! two rotatory
 movem5ts already describ$1 ?an ,i _h   
be=e arriv$ at4  ,if ,i n[ susp5d ! r+1 
) its l[e/ "p on a level ) ! magnet1 &  
half an in* f its nor?w>d pole--t is1   
half an in* ne>] me--x beg9s to         
oscillate longitud9ally1 ) a bias t[>ds 
me1 z if x 7 repell$ f ! pole ( !       
magnet4 ,if ,i !n susp5d ! r+ an in*    
v]tically above ! fir/ po9t ( susp5sion1
 x beg9s to oscillate transv]sely1 ) a  
bias t[>ds ! "r1 or z if impell$ by a   
dextrad curr5t4 ,if ,i !n l[] ! r+ half 
an in*1 ! fir/ effect obs]v$ is1 t x    
oscillates obliquely1 be+ evid5tly      
impell$ at once to ! "r & t[>ds me--t   

is1 9 ! diagonal ( ! two =ces1 ( ea* (  
:i* ,i _h be=e obta9$ ! sep>ate         
influ5ce4 ,9 ?is ?ird v>iation ( !      
exp]im5ts1 ,i h br\ght ! r+ to ! limit (
 ! two curr5ts1 :]e bo? tell ^u x4 ,?is 
oblique oscillation soon1 h[ev]1        
und]goes a *ange3 x *anges into         
clock-rotation1 %[+ t ! transv]se or    
dextrad curr5t is /rong] ?an !          
longitud9al or proximad curr5t4  ,if    
p>allel exp]im5ts be made at levels bel[
 t ( ! pole ( ! magnet1 correspond+ b   
opposite results ensue4 ,if ! :ole s]ies
 be repeat$ ^u ! s\? pole ( ! magnet1   
opposite b p]fectly correspond+ results 
are aga9 obta9$3 & simil> results may be
 obta9$ ) ! two poles ( an egg4  ,,ii4  
,! mode 9 :i* ,i h latt]ly educ$ !      
rotatory movem5ts dep5d+ ^u galvanism1  
has be5 ?is4 ,i h laid two discs1 "o (  
z9c1 ! o!r ( copp]1 "o on ! o!r1 hav+   
previ\sly moi/5$ _! surfaces ) salt &   
wat]4 ,!n1 z ,i m5tion$1 ! r+ held ov] !
 middle ( ! z9c disc 7t be+ upp]mo/7    
exhibits clock-rotation4 ,held ov] !    

middle ( ! copp] disc1 :5 t is laid     
upp]mo/1 v]s$-rotation4 ,i m5tion$1 too1
 t if held beyond1 b ne> ! circumf]5ce (
 ! same discs1 ! direction ( ! motion ( 
! r+ is rev]s$4  ,! discs :i* ,i employ 
are circul>1 an in* & a half 9 diamet]1 
& ab\t z ?ick z a sov]eign4 ,^u ^! ,i d 
n fail to obta91 :5 dri$ & us$ s+ly1 !  
fir/ s]ies ( ph5om5a describ$ 9 ! prec$+
 lett]4 ,b x occurr$ to me to try :at   
w\ld be ! result ( susp5d+ ! r+ ov] !   
two toge!r1 & alt]nately laid upp]mo/1  
:5 !y _h be5 well clean$ & dri$4 ,?is is
 evid5tly a /ill simpl] voltaic         
arrangem5t ?an :5 ! salt & wat] is      
additionally us$4 ,! result 0 9 ! highe/
 degree int]e/+4 ,:5 ,i susp5d ! r+ half
 an in* above ! c5tre ( ! copp] disc1 7t
 be+ laid upp]mo/17 ! fir/ motion obs]v$
 is transv]se2 b aft] a few oscillations
 x becomes oblique--dextrad & proximad  
comb9$1 9 ! diagonal betwe5 ! prim>y    
influ5ces ( ! z9c & ( ! copp]4 ,?is     
*ange does n la/ long2 ! transv]se =ce  
aga9 c>ries x1 9 ?is in/ance1 &         

clock-rotation is p]man5tly e/abli%$4   
,:5 ! z9c is upp]mo/1 ! correspond+     
opposite ph5om5a manife/ !mselves2 & 9  
ei!r case a rev]s$ movem5t occurs1 if ! 
r+ is held extra-m>g9ally to ! discs4   
,,iii4 ,i may say t ,i h n[ obta9$      
positive evid5ce t ^! motions ( !       
odomet] d n dep5d ^u my own w1 or !     
sympa?y ( my w ) exi/+ conceptions 9 my 
m9d2 = !y succe$ ne>ly equally well :5 !
 discs are cov]$ ) half a %eet (        
writ+-pap]4 ,9 n9e cases out ( t51 :5 ,i
 ?us manage to be 9 p]fect ignorance :i*
 disc1 or :at comb9ation ( ! two1 is    
submitt$ to ! odomet]1 ! "r results     
manife/ !mselves1 & ! cause ( !         
occasional failures is g5]ally obvi\s4  
,let me add ^u ?is topic1 t "o day1 !   
wea!r be+ cold & wet1 & myself suff]+   
sev]ely ) rheumatism1 ! odomet] w\ld n  
move at all 9 my h&4 ,on ano!r day1 late
 9 ! ev5+ x 01 :5 ,i happ5$ to be mu*   
fatigu$ & exhau/$1 ! r+ mov$1 inde$1 b e
 motion 0 exactly rev]s$2 ?us my left h&
 ,i f\nd n[ obta9$ exactly ! results    

:i*1 on o!r occasions1 ,i got ) ! "r4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,,iv4 ,b by :at cause1 !n--?r\gh :at    
me*anism1 s to speak1 are ! movem5ts ( !
 odomet] imm$iately produc$8 ,e>ly 9 !  
inquiry ,i made ?is exp]im5t4 ,in/ead ( 
w9d+ ! free end ( ! silk r\nd my f+]1 ,i
 w\nd x r\nd a c$>-p5cil1 & laid ! latt]
 ^u ! backs ( two books1 :i* 7 made to  
/& on _! edges1 f\r in*es ap>t1 ) !     
,od-subject on ! table betwe5 !m1 ! r+  
be+ susp5d$ half an in* above x4 ,! r+1 
( c\rse1 rema9$ /ation>y4 ,!n ,i took   
hold ( ! p5cil ) my f+] & ?umb1 at !    
po9t :]e ! silk 0 w\nd r\nd x2 my f+] & 
?umb re/$ on ! silk2 b no motion ( !    
odomet] ensu$4 ,h5ce x foll[s1 t !      
odomet] is1 aft] all1 always set 9      
motion by ! play ( my own muscles4 ,i   
v5ture !n to suppose t my s5ti5t n]ves1 
unkn[n to me1 detect on ^! occasions    
c]ta9 relations ( matt]--let me call !m 
curr5ts ( =ce--:i* det]m9e 9 me reflexly
 c]ta9 sympa!tic motions ( ! v lighte/1 
& ev5 ( an unconsci\s "*4 ,?is idea1 :i*

 ,i am sure af=ds ! j solution ( !      
matt]1 is highly consi/5t ) "s          
obs]vations :i* ,i h be=e rec\nt$4 ,x   
expla9s h[ ! prim>y delicate impression 
%\ld yield to ! co>s] influ5ce ( a /rong
 conception 9 ! m9d1 t ?is or t o!r     
motion ( ! r+ is ab\t to foll[1 or ev5  
to t ( a vivid &1 s to say1 ab/ract     
conception ( ano!r motion4 ,x expla9s   
:at ,i h sev]al times v]ifi$1 t on c]ta9
 days a p]son /&+ beh9d me ) 8 h& on my 
e>1 or on my %\ld]1 c1 by an ef=t ( 8 w 
7m9e n resi/+17 make ! odomet] :i* ,i am
 hold+ move :i*ev] way he happ5s /rongly
 to image to himself1 )\t communicat+ ! 
same to me4 ,x expla9s to me on :at !   
diff]5ce consi/s betwe5 ^? :o c set !   
div9+-r+ 9 motion1 )\t a consci\s ef=t1 
& ^? :o _c4 ,! =m]1 x w be f\nd1 are    
p]sons ( s great n]v\s mobility1 t any  
su* motions1 if _! occurr5ce be =cibly  
anticipat$ by !m1 w c]ta9ly be realiz$  
by _! sympa!tic frames4 ,among ?is class
 %\ld be s\ght1 & w\ld /ill rema9 to be 
detect$ by exp]im5t1 ^? ^:              

impressionability by ,od %\ld prove     
comm5surate ) _! n]v\s mobility4        
,f9ally1 ,i _c d\bt t ! view :i* ,i h   
?us arriv$ at respect+ ! me*anism ( !   
motions ( ! odomet]1 is equally         
applicable to ! explanation ( ^? ( !    
div9+-rod4 ,i see t1 ?r\gh its means1 _m
 be=e anomal\s facts1 ) ! n>rative ( :i*
 ,i h n bor$ ! read]1 :i* em]g$ 9 my =m]
 trials ( ! div9+ rod1 made by ! h&s (  
o!rs1 lose _! obscurity &               
contradictor9ess1 & leave ! :ole subject
 9 ! condition ( an intelligible &      
lum9\s conception4  ,n4 ,b4--,x is a    
pity t ( ! inquir]s :o n[ amuse !mselves
 ) inve/igat+ ^! subjects1 v few realize
 9 _! m9ds ! idea ( ,von ,rei*5ba*1 t   
,od1 ?\gh (t5 exhibit+ ! same relations 
) electricity & magnetism1 is yet an    
utt]ly diff]5t pr9ciple4     ,,lett]    
,,xiv4   ,,hypnotism4                   
,,trance-,,umbra4--,mr4 ,braid's        
discov]y--,trance-faculties  manife/$ 9 
! wak+ /ate--,self-induc$ wak+          
clairvoyance--,conclusion4   ,x is an   

advantage att5d+ a long & pati5t        
analysis (1 & cauti\s !oriz+ ^u1 a new  
subject ( inquiry1 t :5 fre% facts &    
pr9ciples em]ge 9 x1 in/ead ( di/urb+   
su* solid "w z ,i h suppos$1 !y b enri* 
& /r5g!n x1 & f9d1 z x 71 prep>$ = !m   
appropriate ni*es4 ,some?+ ( ?is        
satisfaction ,i exp]i5ce1 :5 ,i h to    
r5d] t>dy ju/ice to ,mr4 ,braid's       
discov]y1 & to give an acc\nt ( ! wond]s
 realiz$ by ,dr4 ,d>l+1 ,mr4 ,lewis1 &  
o!rs4  ,or1 ,i h obs]v$1 t trance1      
consid]$ 9 ref]5ce to its production1   
has a tw(old "*4 ,x pres5ts itself ei!r 
z a spontane\s seizure br\ght on        
unexpect$ly by a cont9uance ( m5tal or  
physical excitem5t or exhau/ion2 or z   
int5tionally induc$ ?r\gh ! sy/ematic   
direction by "s second p]son1 m or less 
cognisant :at def9ite effects he c      
produce1 ( c]ta9 moral & physical       
influ5ces ^u ! p>ty int5d$ to be wr\ght 
on4 ,mr4 ,braid has add$ a ?ird causal  
diff]5ce to ! !ory ( trance4 ,he has %[n
 t trance c be induc$ by ! subject ( x  

himself volunt>ily1 by ! use ( c]ta9    
means1 :i* call into op]ation a special 
pr9ciple4 ,! effects :i* he obta9$ by ^!
 means1 b :i* he p]haps /udi$ too mu* to
 sep>ate f ! effects ( mesm]ism--^! & _!
 pr9ciple he d5om9at$ ,hypnotism4       
,aga91 ,i h %[n t all ! =ms ( trance may
 be1 & require to be1 arrang$ "u five   
types--viz41 dea?-trance1 trance-coma1  
initial trance1 half-wak+ trance1       
full-wak+ trance4 ,i m5tion$1 besides1 t
 9 ! manife/ation ( ,zs*okke's se]-gift1
 & 9 ! acc\nts :i* we receive ( !       
p]=mances call$ second-sight1 ! ext5d$  
exoneural p]ception 0 introduc$ by a    
brief p]iod1 9 :i* ! p]=m] 0 9 a degree 
absorb$ & lo/1 yet did n pass on into a 
second & sep>ate phase ( consci\sness4  
,he 0 /ill always himself1 & obs]v$ &   
rememb]$ z p>ts ( 8 natural ord] (      
recollections ! impressions :i* !n      
occurr$ to him4 ,?is same /ate mu/ be t 
:i* ,i h se5 describ$ z "o peculi>ly    
suit$ to ! exhibition ( phr5o-mesm]ism4 
,mr4 ,braid appe>s likewise (t5 to h    

br\ght x on 9 8 curative applications ( 
hypnotism4 ,b n[ x has new importance & 
di/9ctness conf]r$ ^u x1 z be+ ! /ate 9 
:i* ! wond]ful ph5om5a ( 8m5tal         
sugge/ion0 are be/ display$1 & 9 :i*    
consci\s clairvoyance is manife/$4 ,z   
?is /ate does n am\nt to complete       
trance1 b z x is a =e-%ad[+ ( x1 z x 71 
,i v5ture to propose = x ! "n (         
trance-umbra4   ,i4 ,hypnotism4--,mr4   
,braid discov]$ t if c]ta9 s5sitive     
p]sons fix _! sight /eadily ^u a small  
bright object1 held ne> & above !       
=ehead1 or _! sight becom+ fatigu$1 & ! 
eyelids fall1 if !y keep _! att5tion    
/ra9$ z if !y 7 /ill obs]v+ ! same      
object1 bo? 9 ! upw>d direction ( ! eye 
& 9 _! ?\ght1 !y lose !mselves & g (f   
into a /ate :i*1 9 its full developm5t1 
is1 9 fact1 initial trance1 bord]+ (t5  
on trance-coma4 ,! p>ty ?us fix$        
sometimes exhibit$ _m ( ! humbl]        
p]=mances ( ord9>ily mesm]is$ p]sons4 ,b
 ,mr4 ,braid %all speak = himself2 ,i   
quote f 8 ,neurhypnology1 publi%$ 9     

,london 9 #ahdc4 8,i reque/$10 n>rates  
,mr4 ,braid1 8a "y g5tleman pres5t to   
sit d[n1 & ma9ta9 a fix$ />e at ! top ( 
a w9e-bottle1 plac$ s mu* above him z to
 produce a consid]able /ra9 on ! eyes & 
eyelids1 to enable him to ma9ta9 a /eady
 view ( ! object4 ,9 ?ree m9utes 8      
eyelids clos$1 a gu% ( te>s ran d[n 8   
*eeks1 8 head droop$1 8 face 0 slightly 
convuls$1 he gave a groan1 & in/antly   
fell into pr(\nd sleep--! respiration   
becom+ sl[1 deep1 & sibilant1 ! "r h& & 
arm be+ agitat$ by slight convulsive    
movem5ts10 7p4 #ag47 ,aga91 7p4 #ah17   
8,i call$ up10 cont9ues ,mr4 ,braid1 8"o
 ( my m5-s]vants1 :o knew no?+ (        
mesm]ism1 & gave him su* directions z 7 
calculat$ to impress 8 m9d ) ! idea1 t 8
 fix$ att5tion 0 m]ely = ! purpose (    
wat*+ a *emical exp]im5t 9 ! prep>ation 
( "s m$ic9e2 & be+ famili> ) su* he c\ld
 feel no al>m4 ,9 two m9utes & a half 8 
eyelids clos$ sl[ly ) a vibrat+ motion1 
8 *9 fell on 8 brea/1 he gave a deep    
sigh1 & in/antly 0 9 a deep sleep1      

brea?+ l\dly4 ,9 ab\t "o m9ute aft] 8   
pr(\nd sleep1 ,i r\s$ him1 & pret5d$ to 
*ide him = be+ s c>eless1 said he ought 
to be a%am$ ( himself = n be+ able to   
att5d to my in/ructions = ?ree m9utes   
)\t fall+ asleep1 & ord]$ him d[n /airs4
 ,9 a %ort "t ,i recall$ ?is "y man &   
desir$ him to sit d[n once m1 b to be   
c>eful n to fall asleep aga91 z on ! =m]
 occasion4 ,he sat d[n ) ?is int5tion2 b
 at ! expiration ( two m9utes & a half1 
8 eyelids clos$1 & exactly ! same       
ph5om5a z 9 ! =m] exp]im5t ensu$40 ,mr4 
,braid adds1 8,i aga9 tri$ ! exp]im5t ( 
caus+ ! fir/ p]son spok5 ( to gaze on a 
diff]5t object to t us$ 9 ! fir/        
exp]im5t1 b /ill1 z ,i anticipat$1 !    
ph5om5a 7 ! same4 ,i also tri$ on him   
,m4 ,lafonta9e's mode ( mesm]is+ ) !    
?umbs & eyes1 & likewise by gaz+ on my  
eyes )\t contact2 & /ill ! effects 7 !  
same40  ,x is inde$ p]fectly obvi\s t   
,mr4 ,braid succe$$ 9 produc+ a heavy =m
 ( initial trance 9 ^! cases4 ,nor is x 
easy to get rid ( ! impression t !      

effect 0 n p>tly at lea/ ow+ to 8       
p]sonal ,od-influ5ce4 ,b1 rememb]+ :at  
,i witness$ ( 8 p]=mances1 & con/ru+    
c&idly all 8 /atem5ts1 ,i am dispos$ to 
believe t 8 me?od1 adopt$ by ! pati5t :5
 9 a room alone1 ^u himself1 w\ld ?r[   
susceptible p]sons into trance4 ,mr4    
,braid appe>s to me to h ! d\ble m]it1  
fir/ ( hav+ discov]$ ! means (          
self-mesm]is+--( s di/urb+ by v simple &
 h>mless means ! n]v\s sy/em1 t trance  
w\ld appe> )\t ! influ5ce ( a second    
p>ty to aid its sup]v5tion--& secondly1 
( hav+1 at an e>ly p]iod1 :5 prejudice  
ran v high 9 ,engl& aga9/ ^! practices1 
avail$ himself ( ?is disguis$ mesm]ism  
to d mu* good 9 ! treatm5t ( disease4   
,mr4 ,braid does n appe> to h fall5 on  
any in/ances ( clairvoyance1 b he       
n>rates _m obs]vations relat+ to        
phr5o-mesm]ism4   ,,ii4                 
,trance-,umbra4--,?is is ! be/ title ,i 
c hit on to designate ! peculi>         
condition1 ! /udy ( :i* promises to     
exce$ 9 int]e/ t ( any ( ! phases (     

p]fect trance2 inasmu* z 9 ?is /ate !   
same extraord9>y p[]s are manife/$ z 9  
trance1 )\t ! condition ( an ab/ract$   
/ate ( consci\sness1 :i* r5d]$ !        
possession ( ^? p[]s useless1 at lea/1  
directly1 to ! p]son :o manife/$ !m4 ,x 
is true t ?is law c\ld be brok52 !      
mesm]is] c desire an entranc$           
clairvoyante to rememb]1 :5 %e awakes1  
any p>ticul> ev5t or communication made 
by h]4 ,b = ?is exceptional p[] a       
special injunction or p]mit is necess>y4
 ,9 trance-umbra1 on ! contr>y1 !       
subject is ?r\gh\t himself4 ,:5 exhibit+
 ! wilde/ ph5om5a he is consci\s ( :at  
he is do+1 & pres]ves aft]w>ds z        
accurate a recollection ( x z any ( !   
spectators4  ,!n1 h[ is trance-umbra    
induc$8 ,h[ is x kn[n t ! %ad[ ( trance 
has envelop$ ! pati5t1 & t1 ?\gh q      
himself to all appe>ance1 he is 9 a /ate
 to manife/ ! highe/ trance-faculties8  
,! way to induce trance-umbra1 is to    
adm9i/] a little dose ( mesm]ism4 ,"o   
op]ator1 l ,dr4 ,d>l+1 7,i quote f ,dr4 

,gregory's mo/ in/ructive & int]e/+     
,lett]s on ,animal ,magnetism17 directs 
8 pati5t to sit /ill ) 8 eyes fix$1 & 8 
att5tion conc5trat$ on a co9 held 9 8   
h&1 or on a d\ble-convex bit ( z9c ) a  
c5tral portion ( copp] s held4 ,?is is1 
9 tru?1 a g5tle dose ( hypnotism4 ,!    
pati5t looks 9 quiet repose at a small  
object held 9 8 h& or 8 lap1 in/ead (   
fatigu+ 8 s5sations by /ra9+ ! eye-balls
 upw>ds4 ,suppose a gr\p ( a doz5 p]sons
 sitt+ ?us 9 a half-d>k5$1 /ill room1   
pres]v+ a /udi$ quietude1 & conc5trat+  
_! att5tion on "o po9t ( easy vision2 9 
f fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes "o or m is f\nd
 to be 9 ! /ate ( trance-umbra4 ,mr4    
,lewis 7,i quote aga9 ! same au?ority7  
employs a diff]5t process4 ,he eyes 8   
pati5ts int5tly z !y sit 9 a r[ be=e    
him1 /ill & compos$1 ) a conc5trat$ w1 &
 its full outw>d expression by him1 to  
influ5ce _! psy*ical condition4 ,9 five 
m9utes x (t5 happ5s t ! /ate (          
trance-umbra sup]v5es4  ,9 ! mean "t1   
:at has m>k$ its arrival8 ,! ,rev4 ,r4  

,s4 ,f4 writes me1 t he _h be5 ?ree     
times ! subject ( ! fir/ ( ! two me?ods3
 ! op]ator 0 ,mr4 ,/one1 ,lectur] at !  
,m>ylebone ,sci5tific ,in/itution4 ,!   
fir/ two exp]im5ts 7 successful1 ! ?ird 
fail$4 ,!n ,mr4 ,f4 writes1 8,! only    
circum/ance :i* ,i notic$ 7be>+ ^u !    
above "q7 9 myself1 & :i* ,i aft]w>ds   
f\nd talli$ ) ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 0 ?is3 
,on ! two occasions :5 ,i 0 affect$1    
aft] ab\t t5 m9utes ! co9 began to      
disappe> f my sight1 & to reappe> a     
confus$1 brilliant sub/ance1 simil> to  
^? appe>ances :i* rema9 on ! ret9a aft] 
"o has be5 look+ t[>ds ! sun = a few    
m9utes1 & ,i seem$ = ! mom5t to h fall5 
into a half-dreamy /ate2 b 9 ! subsequ5t
 "p ( ! exp]im5ts1 ,i appe>$ to myself  
to be 9 my ord9>y /ate4 ,on ! ?ird      
occasion1 :5 ! exp]im5t fail$ ) myself &
 ) all ! o!rs1 7:i* ,i ?9k might be     
acc\nt$ = by ! accid5tal irregul>ity ( !
 proce$+s17 ,i did n exp]i5ce !         
s5sations m5tion$ above40 ,?is acc\nt   
tallies ) o!r evid5ce ^u ! po9t2 a brief

 p]iod ( di/urb$ s5sation1 or ?reat5+   
confusion1 or loss ( consci\sness1      
passes ov] ! pati5t4 ,! w+ ( ! unse5    
p[]1 to speak figuratively1 has ca/ its 
%ad[ ^u him4 ,x is evid5t t ?is transi5t
 psy*ical di/urbance is ! same ph5om5on 
) t :i* ,zs*okke exp]i5c$ :5ev] 8       
se]-gift 0 manife/$4 ,! ag5cy :i* ?us c 
at pleasure be us$ to call =?           
trance-umbra1 is ! same :i* employ$     
long]1 or m int5sely1 produces p]fect   
trance4 ,! little dose ?rill+ ?r\gh !   
sy/em1 )\t driv+ s5se & appreh5sion f _!
 usual seats1 seems1 z x 71 to remove _!
 fa/5+s2 to ?r[ up1 z x 71 ! sa%es ( !  
body1 s t ! s\l c n[ look =? & see1 n z 
?r\gh a glass1 d>kly1 b free to grasp   
directly ?+s out ( its corporeal t5em5t1
 :e!r ( ! nature ( matt] or m9d4  ,b1 at
 ! same "t1 ?is same loos5+ ( physical  
bonds r5d]s ! m9d correspond+ly d5ud$ to
 aggressions f )\t4 ,we h se5 h[        
/rangely ! entranc$ m9d becomes         
sympa!tically subject to ! w1 & !       
subject ( ! s5sations ( ! p]son ) :om x 

has be5 br\ght into mesm]ic relation4 ,b
 n[ a new feature1 or "o feebly manife/$
 z yet 9 trance1 b p>allel to ! influ5ce
 ( sympa?y1 displays itself4 ,! p]son 9 
trance-umbra is an absolute slave to !  
spok51 or ev5 to ! unexpress$ 8m5tal    
sugge/ions0 ( ! op]ator4 ,s5se1 memory1 
judgm5t1 give way at 8 ^w4 ,! pati5t    
believes :atev] he is told to           
believe1--t an apple is an orange1--t he
 himself is ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1--t !   
op]ator /&+ be=e him is invisible to    
him1--& makes fruitless ef=ts to execute
 any volunt>y movem5t ! mom5t he is told
 he _c4 ,i w quote a passage1 9         
illu/ration ( ! above1 aga9 f ,mr4 ,f4's
 lett]3--8,aft] a qu>t] ( an h\r ,mr4   
,/one came to u1 & look$ 9 our eyes = a 
few seconds1 & desir$ u to close !m4 ,he
 !n plac$ 8 ?umb lightly on my =ehead1 &
 said1 p]emptorily1 #8,y _c op5 y\r     
eyes4' ,i _h great difficulty 9 do+ s1 b
 at la/ succe$$1 ) a viol5t /ruggle4    
,aft] ,mr4 ,/one _h repeat$ ! ord] or   
sugge/ion once or twice m1 ,i 0 q unable

 to op5 my eyes4 ,five out ( ! numb]1   
7ab\t a doz517 :o sat d[n 7 affect$1 all
 m ?an myself4 ,on a succe$+ ev5+1      
h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,/one 0 able to proce$ s f> 
z to make me =get my "n & address1 by ! 
simple ass]tion1 #8,y _c rememb] y\r    
"n1' c41 ?\gh he _h be=e ?is j ask$ =   
!m1 & ! answ] 0 sc>cely out ( my m\? :5 
he made me =get x4 ,i ?9k ,i nev] ex]t$ 
my w m /rongly ?an 9 try+ to op5 my     
eyelids :5 !y _h be5 ?us clos$2 b x     
appe>$ simply impossible to d ?is till !
 op]ator's magic #8,all "r1' imm$iately 
set !m free4 ,on sev]al1 :o 7 highly    
susceptible1 ,mr4 ,/one proce$$ ) o!r   
exp]im5ts4 ,a /ick 0 said to be a       
rattlesnake1 & believ$ to be s4 ,! room 
became a g>d5 at 8 comm&1 ) wild bea/s 9
 x4 ,"o 0 set a-fi%+ & sn[-ball+2 ano!r 
tak5 up 9 a balloon4 ,a /ill m curi\s   
in/ance 0 :5 ! subject 0 told t he 0 9 !
 d>k1 & a c&le 0 pass$ be=e 8 eyes1     
almo/ close en\gh to s+e ! eyebr[s1 )\t 
produc+ any visual impression on ! eye1 
?\gh ! p>ty op]at$ on said he felt !    

w>m? ( x40  ,i h pref]r$ giv+ additional
 & unpubli%$ evid5ce ( ! wond]ful       
control :i* c ?us be 8sugge/ively0      
ex]cis$ ov] ! belief ( a p]son 9        
trance-umbra1 to quot+ ,pr(essor        
,gregory's mo/ int]e/+ cases1 = :i* !   
read] mu/ consult 8 rec5t valuable "w4  
,9 ! six? lett] 9 ! pres5t volume1 7t on
 ,somnambulism17 ,i h exemplifi$ !      
manife/ation ( ! same ph5om5a 9 ! case (
 ! sleep-walk] ,negretti4 ,z a l>ge     
numb] ( p]sons c be ?r[n easily into !  
/ate ( trance-umbra2 & z !n !y are      
totally 9 ! p[] ( ! op]ator1 x is surely
 mo/ desirable t ?is & ! p>allel easily 
induc$ conditions ( ! frame %\ld be made
 subjects ( c>eful obs]vation & /udy by 
_m compet5t p]sons1 9 ord] t !          
conditions necess>y to _! induction may 
be exactly asc]ta9$1 & made public1 = ! 
protection ( society4  ,( equal int]e/  
is ! discov]y t clairvoyance may be     
manife/$ 9 ! /ate ( trance-umbra4 ,major
 ,buckley is spok5 ( by ,pr(essor       
,gregory z a g5tleman possess+ mesm]is+ 

=ce ( a rem>kable quality & degree4 ,x  
appe>s t he _h be5 long 9 ! habit (     
produc+ magnetic sleep1 & clairvoyance 9
 ! sleep1 be=e he discov]$ t1 9 8       
subjects1 ! sleep might be disp5s$ )4   
,dr4 ,gregory gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( 8 
pres5t me?od3--  8,major ,b4 fir/       
asc]ta9s :e!r 8 subjects are            
susceptible1 by mak+1 ) 8 h&1 passes    
above & bel[ _! h&s1 f ! wri/ d[nw>ds4  
,if c]ta9 s5sations1 su* z t+l+1        
numbness1 c41 are /rongly felt1 he kn[s 
t he w be able to produce ! magnetic    
sleep4 ,b to asc]ta9 :e!r he c obta9    
consci\s clairvoyance1 he makes sl[     
passes f 8 own =ehead to 8 own *e/4 ,if 
?is produce a blue light 9 8 face1      
/rongly visible1 ! subject w probably   
acquire consci\s clairvoyance4 ,if n1 or
 if ! light be pale1 ! subject w only   
become clairvoyant 9 ! sleep1 7t is1 :5 
9 p]fect trance47 ,tak+ ^? subjects :o  
see a v deep blue light1 he cont9ues to 
make passes ov] 8 own face1 & also ov] !
 object--a box or a nut1 = in/ance--9   

:i* writt5 or pr9t$ words are enclos$1  
:i* ! clairvoyante is to read4 ,"s      
subjects only require a pass or two to  
be made3 o!rs require _m4 ,!y describe !
 blue light z r5d]+ ! box or nut        
transp>5t1 s t !y c read :at is inside4 
,?is rem9ds u ( ! curi\s fact m5tion$ by
 ,von ,rei*5ba*1 t b>s ( iron or /eel1  
se5 by consci\s s5sitives1 )\t any      
passes1 %9+ 9 ! d>k ) ! ,od gl[1 appe>$ 
to !m transp>5t l glass4 ,if too _m     
passes are made by ,major ,b41 ! blue   
light becomes s deep t !y _c read1 & "s 
rev]se passes mu/ be made to r5d] !     
col\r ( ! light less deep4 ,major       
,buckley has ?us produc$ consci\s       
clairvoyance 9 eighty-n9e p]sons1       
=ty-f\r ( :om h be5 able to read mottoes
 conta9$ 9 nut%ells pur*as$ by o!r      
p>ties = ! exp]im5ts4 ,! longe/ motto   
?us read conta9$ n9ety-eight words40 8,a
 lady1 "o ( ,major ,buckley's wak+      
clairvoyantes1 read "o hundr$ & ?ree    
mottoes conta9$ 9 nuts 9 "o day1 )\t a  
pass be+ made on t occasion4 ,9 ?is & 9 

_m o!r cases1 ! p[] ( read+ ?r\gh nuts1 
boxes1 & envelopes1 rema9$1 :5 once     
induc$1 = ab\t a mon?1 & !n disappe>$4  
,! same lady1 aft] ?ree mon?s1 c\ld no  
long] read )\t passes2 & x took five    
trials fully to re/ore ! p[]4 ,?is may  
be done1 h[ev]1 imm$iately by induc+ !  
mesm]ic sleep & clairvoyance 9 t /ate1  
:5 ! subjects1 9 ! h&s ( ,major         
,buckley1 soon acquire ! p[] ( wak+     
clairvoyance40  ,b /rang] ?+s rema9     
beh9d--coroll>ies1 h[ev]1 ( ! prec$+1   
yet :i* eclipse ^! wond]s1 if possible4 
,= a k ( ^!1 ,i am exclusively indebt$  
to ,pr(essor ,gregory's rec5t           
publication1 & ,i give !m on 8 au?ority4
  ,if ! look+ int5tly ^u a piece ( metal
 w produce trance & trance-umbra1 :y    
%\ld n ! acc\nt ( ! ,egyptian boy-se]s  
be correct8 ,if _! p]=mance be (t5 a    
trick1 may n ! protract$ gaze on ! black
 spot 9 _! h& sometimes r5d] !m wak+    
clairvoyantes8 & :y1 on ! same %[+1     
might n ! gaz+ ^u magic cry/als or      
mirrors ( jet occasionally h ?r[n !     

already awe-/ruck & fitly dispos$ look]s
 on !m into ! /ate 9 :i* ei!r ! magician
 at _! side might compel sugge/ively    
images into _! fancy1 or !y1 act+ =     
!mselves1 h ex]cis$ indep5d5t           
ultravision1 retrovision1 prevision8    
,:y1 aga91 %\ld n simple conc5tration ( 
?\ght ^u "o un9t]e/+ idea conv]t a      
susceptible subject into a soo?say]8 ,!n
 read ! foll[+ facts record$ by ,dr4    
,gregory2 ,i at lea/ d n "q _! fidelity4
  8,mr4 ,lewis possesses at times ! p[] 
( spontane\s clairvoyance1 by simple    
conc5tration ( ?\ght4 ,he f9ds1 h[ev]1 t
 gaz+ into a cry/al sub/ance produces ! 
/ate ( wak+ clairvoyance 9 him mu* soon]
 & m easily4 ,on "o occasion1 be+ 9 a   
h\se 9 ,ed9burgh ) a p>ty1 he look$ into
 a cry/al1 & saw 9 x ! inhabitants (    
ano!r h\se at a consid]able di/ance4    
,along ) !m he saw two /rang]s1 entire  
/rang]s to him4 ,^! he describ$ to !    
company4 ,he !n proce$$ to ! o!r h\se1 &
 !re f\nd ! two /rang]s :om he _h       
describ$40  8,on ano!r occasion he 0    

ask$ to inspect a h\se & family1 q      
unkn[n to him1 9 ,sloane ,/reet1        
,*elsea1 he be+ 9 ,ed9burgh ) a p>ty4   
,he saw 9 ! cry/al ! family 9 ,london2  
describ$ ! h\se1 & also an old g5tleman 
v ill or dy+1 & we>+ a peculi> cap4 ,all
 0 f\nd to be correct1 & ! cap 0 "o :i* 
_h lately be5 s5t to ! old g5tleman4 ,on
 ! same occasion ,mr4 ,lewis told a     
g5tleman pres5t t he _h lo/ or mislaid a
 key ( a v p>ticul> %ape1 :i* he1 ,mr4  
,l41 saw 9 ! cry/al4 ,?is 0 confirm$ by 
! g5tleman1 a total /rang] to ,mr4      
,lewis40    8,si/imus hic t&em40  ,i ?9k
 t ,i h tol]ably succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ !   
!sis ) :i* ^! ,lett]s />t$1 t e         
sup]/ition is bas$ on a tru?2 & ,i am 9 
hopes t ! mass ( evid5ce :i* ,i h       
adduc$--! v v>iety ( ! ph5om5a describ$1
 jo9$ to _! mutual coh]5ce--! !oretical 
consi/5cy ( ! :ole1 z if x 7 truly a va/
 body ( liv+ sci5ce1 & n ! 8disjecta    
membra0 ( a dream--w remove e rema9+    
%ade ( d\bt among c&id read]s1 t ^!     
inquiries are n less s\nd ?an !y are    

curi\s4     ,,conclusion4   ,an         
acqua9tance ) ! facts :i* x has be5 !   
object ( ! =ego+ pages to assemble1 & to
 r5d] into philosophy1 sugge/s "o or two
 s]i\s reflections4  ,we h se5 ! diff]5t
 results :i* h ensu$ :5 ^! facts h em]g$
 into day 9 times ( ignorance & 9 times 
( enlight5m5t4 ,on ! fir/ occasion !y 7 
view$ ) t]ror--became in/rum5ts (       
sup]/ition--7 us$ = bad designs--& ev5  
orig9at$ new =ms ( crime1 be=e :i*      
common s5se fl$1 & ju/ice became bl9d & 
iniquit\s4 ,on ! latt]--,i speak ( !    
reception ( ^! facts t[>ds & 9 ! pres5t 
c5tury--!y 7 recognis$ by "o aft] ano!r 
( ! mo/ sagaci\s obs]v]s ( nature2 by   
,jussieu1 = in/ance1 & by ,cuvi]1 to    
beg9 )2 & gradually by an increas+ ho/ (
 c&id1 well-in=m$1 & able foll[]s1 z =m+
 a "p ( natural sci5ce1 & z susceptible 
( important applications4  ,he is rank$ 
among ! wise/ ( mank9d1 :o ann\nc$ t 8k 
is p[]40 ,div9e ,wisdom goes fur!r1 &   
reveals to u t k is a good & virtu\s ?+1
 :ile ignorance is /amp$ by ! same seal 

z s9ful2 or h[ o!rwise c we int]pret !  
c\rse ( hi/ory & human exp]i5ce1 :i*    
proves t1 by ! v con/itution ( our be+1 
& ! laws impress$ ^u ! moral & physical 
_w1 increase ( k contributes to promote 
g5]al & individual well-do+ & happ9ess1 
:ile ignorance nev] fails to be foll[$  
by ! contr>y p5al consequ5ces8 ,!re=e x 
is t ^? :o unite good int5tions & good  
pr9ciples1 ) s\nd & well-cultivat$      
abilities--9 o!r words ! truly          
wise--humbly deem1 t among ! mo/        
acceptable (f]+s to our common ,mak] mu/
 be dilig5ce 9 explor+ all ! s\rces ( k 
:i* he has plac$ )9 our rea*1 7:i* 7    
hidd5 only t we might seek = !m17 s z to
 unveil m & m ( ! =ces & p[]s ( nature1 
9 publi%+ ! same abroad1 t all may pr(it
 by !m1 & 9 /riv+ to b5d _! ag5cies     
t[>ds good1 & high1 & useful purposes4  
,,! ,,end4