,,!                    ,j\rnal (        
,electricity1 ,p[] & ,gas     ,devot$ to
 ! ,conv]sion1 ,transmission &          
,di/ribution ( ,en]gy4        ,,volume  
,,xx4      ,,san ,,francisco1 ,,cal41   
,,may #b1 #aijh      ,no4 #ah           
,,light+ ,,sy/em ,,( ,,! ,,orcutt ,,oil 
,,fields4  ,by ,,clem ,a4 ,,copel&4     
,consult+ ,eng9e]1 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal4 
,! l>ge & deep-ly+ oil-s& lakes &       
subt]ranean gas works1 comm5c+ ) ! s\!rn
 rim ( ! ,santa ,m>ia ,valley & /ret*+  
away = a doz5 miles s\?w>d t[>d ,santa  
,b>b>a1 contribute "s #ad1fjj1jjj b>rels
 ( high gravity ref9+ & fuel oil to     
,cali=nia's annual production (         
#dj1jjj1jjj b>rels4  ,illu/ration3 ,,we/
 ,,frame ,,( #bfjj ,,ft4 ,,span4        
,,p[]-,,h\se ,,9 ,,backgr\nd4  ,) !     
assi/ance ( two eight-in* pipe l9es #cb 
miles to ,port ,h>=d1 a simil> l9e #dh  
miles across ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama1 & a   
goodly fleet ( vessels1 ! ,union ,oil   
,company scatt]s ?is oil f ,seattle to  
,san ,diego1 & f ,new ,york to ,japan4  

,*ile also has a %>e = ! work+ ( its    
nitre b$s & its railways4  ,! little    
t[ns ( ,santa ,m>ia & ,orcutt receive ) 
op5 pipes a ti! ( ! gas :i* nature has  
"h /or$1 & :i* w\ld o!rwise escape ! _m 
safety valves1 :ile ! /eam rig eng9es h 
(t5 be5 run ) direct gas pressure f !   
wells4  ,?is l& ( gas & gu%]s is        
difficult ( control1 & is always ready  
to pop (f at f #ajj to #djj p\nds       
pressure ?r\gh ! _m #c1jjj-;foot tubes  
:i* puncture its dep?s4 ,:5 a new gu%]  
is br\ght 91 x sprays ! adjac5t hills ) 
a gli/5+ %ad[ ( petroleum & is no       
respect] ( p]sons or prop]ty4 ,"o new & 
frisky fury fl[$ #ab1jjj b>rels p] day1 
& deliv]$ #d1jjj1jjj cubic feet ( gas e 
#bd h\rs = f\r mon?s1 gradually dropp+  
to a production ( #g1jjj b>rels1 :i* x  
ma9ta9$ = ne>ly a ye>1 f9ally dim9i%+ to
 #c1ejj1 & n[1 aft] ?ree & a ?ird ye>s1 
is /ill produc+ #bej b>rels p] day1 hav+
 deliv]$ dur+ ?is "t #c1jjj1jjj b>rels (
 petroleum1 & en\gh gas to la/ ,san     
,francisco = ?ree ye>s4 ,?is is1 )      

p]haps "o exception1 ! mo/ rem>kable    
well 9 ! hi/ory ( oil indu/ry1 & is     
widely kn[n z 8,h>twell ,no4 #a40  ,!   
di/rict conta9s two gr\ps ( wells1 "o   
contigu\s to ,orcutt1 & ! o!r ne>       
,lompoc4 ,dang] f fire due to !         
excessive gas pressure ( ! ,orcutt      
fields is exce$+ly great1 z evid5c$ by !
 burn+ ( f\r 8rigs0 9 ! fir/ two ye>s ( 
its hi/ory1 dur+ :i* "t !re 7 fifte5    
wells br\ght into production4 ,! co/ (  
^! 8rigs0 exce$$ ! co/ ( ! light+ plant1
 :i* is describ$ 9 ^! notes1 & no fires 
h s9ce occurr$ 9 ! sixty wells n[       
produc+4 ,! advisability ( ! plant is   
!re=e q pat5t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,( 
,,orcutt ,,oil ,,fields ,,electrical    
,,di/ribution ,,sy/em4  ,! light+ sy/em 
employ$ 9 ! ,orcutt oil fields is p]haps
 only int]e/+ 9 illu/rat+ h[ ! me?ods   
employ$ 9 l>ge und]tak+s may be us$ to  
great advantage 9 ! small] ent]prises to
 effect a l>ge sav+ & to simplify       
conv5tional me?ods4 ,! small] und]tak+s 
(t5 af=d opportunities ( sav+ a l>g]    

p]c5tage 9 co/ & op]ation 9 connection )
 ! l>g] ones4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance1 an   
economy ( #i1jjj 0 made 9 a sy/em :i*   
w\ld h co/ #cj1jjj if con/ruct$ along   
conv5tional l9es4  ,z may be se5 f "s ( 
! views 9 ^! notes1 ! c\ntry cov]$ by ! 
sy/em is v hilly & /ony1 h>d s&/one be+ 
ev]y:]e prom95t4 ,trees w\ld h int]f]$  
consid]ably ov] p]haps a ?ird ( ! l9e ) 
ord9>y con/ruction1 & be+ oak1 x w\ld h 
co/ heavily to elim9ate !m4 ,al?\gh !   
w9t]s 9 ?is section are v bleak & w9dy1 
no sn[ has ev] fall54 ,! atta*$ map %[s 
! wells1 :i* are unusually f> ap>t &    
scatt]$ ov] "s #e1jjj acres ( l&4       
,illu/ration3 ,,frame ,,betwe5 #aejj ,,&
 #afjj ,,ft4 ,,span4  ,long span "w1    
employ+ copp] cables1 & us+ ! oil-well  
d]ricks = support1 seem$ well to meet ^!
 & all o!r conditions 9 ! mo/ economical
 fa%ion4 ,! adoption ( long span "w     
effect$ a l>ge sav+ 9 ! l5g? ( l9e &    
wire ne$$ to cov] ! t]ritory1 s9ce      
air-l9e r\tes c\ld be cov]$ 9 all cases 
across c\ntry1 )\t any c>e be+ tak5 to  

lay out a pole l9e :i* w\ld con=m to "s 
g5]al inflexible plan4 ,moreov]1 mu*    
v]tical di/ance 0 sav$ 9 n hav+ to foll[
 ! cont\r ( ! c\ntry4 ,incid5tally !    
long span "w makes ! in/allation ( new  
pieces ( l9e v easy & simple1 & no l>ge 
am\nt ( mat]ial ne$ be kept on h& =     
expansion purposes4  ,:]e conditions are
 rapidly *ang+1 z 9 ! pres5t in/ance1   
exi/+ l9es hav+ to be mov$ because ( !  
ab&onm5t ( wells or re-arrangem5t z new 
wells come 9 among/ ! old ones1 are     
easily *ang$1 ) b little loss ( labor & 
mat]ial4 ,! d]ricks1 #hj feet 9 height1 
make ideal supports = long-span         
con/ruction1 & /eel frames1 heavy en\gh 
= ! l>ge/ size ( wire1 ev5tually 7 made 
( 8scrap0 pipe set 9 cem5t4 ,:]e !      
d]ricks 7 n available1 r$wood 8dead-m50 
7 also us$ betwe5 d]ricks :i* 7 ne>     
toge!r1 b on opposite sides ( rises or  
hills4 ,! pres5t sy/em ( di/ribution is 
#gb1eej feet1 or #ac4ge miles1 9 l5g?1 &
 consi/s ( #gj d]ricks1 #i frames1 & #aj
 8dead-m510 mak+ ! av]age span ab\t #hjj

 feet4 ,! sev5-/r& b>e copp] cables us$ 
9 ?is "w 7 furni%$ "u rigid             
specifications previ\sly describ$ 9 !   
8,j\rnal10 by ! ,/&>d ,und]gr\nd ,cable 
,company4 ,"o w obs]ve f ! map & photos 
t !re are _m spans #a1ejj feet 9 l5g?1  
"o span ( #b1jjj feet betwe5 d]ricks &  
"o #b1fjj feet f "o frame to ano!r4 ,!  
sags all[$ correspond to #fj feet on a  
#b1jjj-;foot span1 & ! cables 7 v small 
= su* "w1 ,no4 #f be+ us$ = ! greate/   
l5g?s1 :i* occurs z a neutral on !      
longe/ spans4 ,! sizes us$ are ,nos4 #b1
 #d1 & #f4  ,z ! cables 7 susp5d$ high  
above ! gr\nd & good con/ruction 0 reli$
 ^u = safety f breakage1 !y 7 us$ )\t   
insulation1 & a l>ge sav+ 0 ?us effect$4
 8,goose-egg0 /ra9 insulators1 fir/     
design$ by ! writ] sev]al ye>s ago1 are 
us$ to insulate ! cables4 ,copp] sleeves
 7 us$ to splice ! cables & to loop !m  
to ! insulators4  ,x is ( consid]able   
int]e/ to obs]ve ! action ( ^! light    
cables 9 a high w9d1 = ev5 9 ! mo/ gu/y 
/orms !re is no :ipp+ action4 ,9 ! long]

 spans1 ! cables hang absolutely p>allel
 & sway 9 a mo/ delib]ate mann] f #ab to
 #be feet out ( l9e4  ,illu/ration3     
,,h>twell ,,no4 ,,"o4  ,illu/ration3    
,,detail ,,( ,,d]rick ,,con/ruction4    
,inasmu* z fuel economy is ( little     
importance1 s9ce ei!r wa/e gas or oil c 
be us$1 a l>ge drop 9 ! di/ribut+ sy/em 
is p]missible1 & a radius ( ?ree or f\r 
miles f ! p[]-h\se c be economically    
atta9$ by ! use ( #baj to #bej volt     
lamps on ! ?ree-wire direct-curr5t      
sy/em4 ,at pres5t ! maximum di/ance is  
#bee miles1 & f\r voltages ( lamps are  
employ$4 ,! d]ricks are wir$ on !       
two-wire sy/em ) ,no4 #ad ,t4 ,b4 ,w4   
,p4 m$ium1 h>d-drawn wire1 c>e be+ tak5 
to keep all wires on ! outside ( d]rick 
h\se :]ev] possible4 ,al?\gh ! wires &  
insulators h be5 9 "s cases completely  
spray$ & saturat$ ) oil f ! gu%]s1 no   
tr\bles ( insulation h be5 exp]i5c$4    
,at ! "t ?is "w 0 />t$1 !re 0 a small   
plant on ! ,p9al ,oil ,company's prop]ty
 ne> by1 :]e key$ sockets 7 us$ until "o

 ( ! drill]s 0 injur$ by a gas explosion
 caus$ by turn+ (f "o ( ! lights4 ,?is1 
( c\rse1 sugge/$ ! c>e necess>y to gu>d 
aga9/ su* accid5ts4 ,9 ! pres5t         
in/allation1 d\ble-pole fuses 7         
con/ruct$ = ea* d]rick & tank h\se1 by  
us+ two wea!rpro( sockets & ,edison plug
 fuses1 all inclos$ 9 a gauze cyl9d] l a
 ,davy m9e lamp4 ,swit*es = tank h\se & 
d]ricks 7 also inclos$ 9 gauze4 ,9 wir+ 
! d]ricks1 sleeves 7 us$ = splic+1 s t 9
 ! :ole sy/em no sold] nor tor* 0 us$4  
,specially design$ heavy wire lamp gu>ds
 & portables1 ) wires inclos$ 9         
cotton-cov]$ g>d5 hose1 are o!r features
 ( ! d]rick wir+4 ,:5 drill+ is comm5c$1
 ! d]rick is wir$ = elev5 lights4 ,tank 
h\ses1 "s fifte5 or tw5ty 9 numb]1 are  
wir$ ) a light ov] ea* tank4            
,illu/ration3 ,,p[]-,,h\se4  ,! p[]-h\se
 is ( only pass+ int]e/1 be+ design$ =  
reliability & m9imum fir/ co/1 & ) !    
idea ( transplant+ x to "s new location 
%\ld future conditions dictate4 ,! view 
%[s two #ajaj ,%eph]d eng9es1 clut*$ to 

ei!r end ( a %aft1 f :i* two            
#de-kil[att1 #bej-volt1 direct-curr5t   
,we/+h\se g5]ators are belt$4 ,9 case ( 
accid5t to "o g5]ator1 a swit* on !     
swit*bo>d conv]ts ! #c-wire to a #b-wire
 sy/em1 us+ ! two outside wires z "o1 & 
! neutral z ! return conductor4 ,?ree   
#dhad fire-tube boil]s supply /eam at   
#abe p\nds pressure4 ,! p[]-h\se is 9 a 
p]5nially cool location on a hill cre/1 
s t x c\ld be made small & cozy4  ,!    
sy/em has be5 9 un9t]rupt$ &            
satisfactory op]ation = two ye>s4 ,!    
only tr\ble dur+ ! "t 0 caus$ by "o wire
 ( "o span break+1 due to an imp]fection
 9 splic+4 ,! section has long-cont9u$ &
 sev]e w9ds1 mu* ra9 & cold wea!r1 b two
 w9t]s h develop$ no imp]fections4      
,al?\gh ! lights burn all night1 no     
int]ruption has be5 exp]i5c$4           
,reliability is important1 s9ce1 if !   
lights fail$1 !re w\ld be a temptation  
to light c&les or lant]ns at a critical 
"t4  ,! sy/em 0 design$ & sup]vis$ by   
,mr4 ,copel&1 ( ,messrs4 ,clem4 ,copel& 

& ,f4 ,r4 ,s*anck1 consult+ eng9e]s = ! 
,union ,oil ,company4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4      
,crawley1 :o is at pres5t electrical    
sup]9t5d5t1 0 =eman ( con/ruction4      
,,alcohol vs4 ,,gasol9e ,,= ,,p[]4   ,! 
,te*nologic ,bran* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
,geological ,survey1 "u ! direction (   
,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,holmes1 has rec5tly       
complet$ an elaborate s]ies ( te/s on ! 
relative value ( gasol9e & alcohol z    
produc]s ( p[]4 ,! te/s1 ov] two ?\s& 9 
numb]1 probably repres5t ! mo/ complete 
& exact inve/igation ( ! k9d t has be5  
made1 ei!r 9 ?is c\ntry or abroad1 &    
includes mu* orig9al rese>* "w4         
,correspond+ly well-design$ alcohol &   
gasol9e eng9es :5 runn+ "u ! mo/        
advantage\s conditions = ea*1 w consume 
equal volumes ( ! fuel = :i* !y are     
design$4 ,?is /atem5t is bas$ on !      
results ( _m te/s made "u ! mo/         
favorable practical conditions t c\ld be
 obta9$ = ! size & type ( eng9es & fuel 
us$4 ,an av]age ( ! m9imum fuel         
consumption values ?us obta9$1 gives a l

 figure ( eight-t5?s 74#h7 ( a p9t p]   
h\r p] brake horsep[] = gasol9e &       
alcohol4  ,consid]+ t ! heat value ( a  
gallon ( ! d5atur$ alcohol is only a    
little ov] six-t5?s 74#f7 t ( a gallon (
 ! gasol9e1 ?is result ( equal fuel     
consumption by volume = gasol9e &       
alcohol eng9es probably repres5ts ! be/ 
comp>ative value t c be obta9$ = alcohol
 at ! pres5t "t1 z is also indicat$ by  
cont95tal practice4 ,?\gh ! possibility 
( obta9+ ?is condition 9 practice "h has
 be5 ?or\ghly demon/rat$ at ! ,gov]nm5t 
,fuel-te/+ ,plant1 x yet rema9s ) !     
eng9e manufactur]s to make ! 8equal fuel
 consumption by volume0 a comm]cial     
basis ( comp>ison4  ,! gasol9e eng9es t 
7 us$ 9 ^! te/s are repres5tative ( !   
/&>d ,am]ican /ation>y-eng9e types1 rat+
 at #aj to #ae horsep[]1 at spe$s ( f   
#bej to #cjj revolutions p] m9ute1 :ile 
! alcohol eng9es 7 ( simil> con/ruction 
& id5tical 9 size ) ! gasol9e eng9es4   
,! air 0 n preheat$ = ! above te/s on   
alcohol & gasol9e1 & ! eng9es 7 equipp$ 

) ! ord9>y types ( con/ant level suction
 lift & con/ant level pressure spray    
c>burett]s4 ,_m special te/s ) air      
preheat$ to v>i\s temp]atures up to #bej
 ,fahr5heit1 & te/s ) special c>burett]s
 7 made1 b no b5eficial effects         
traceable to bett] c>buration 7 f\nd :5 
! eng9es 7 h&l$ "u ! special te/        
conditions1 includ+ con/ant spe$ & be/  
load4  ,! comm]cial completely d5atur$  
alcohol ref]r$ to is #ajj p>ts e?yl     
alcohol plus #aj p>ts me?yl alcohol plus
 "o-half ( "o "p b5zol1 & corresponds v 
closely to #id p] c5t by volume or #ia  
p] c5t by weight e?yl alcohol 7gra9     
alcohol74  ,no detrim5tal effects on !  
cyl9d] walls & valves ( ! eng9es 7 f\nd 
f ! use ( ! above d5atur$ alcohol4  ,!  
l[e/ consumption values 7 obta9$ ) !    
highe/ compression t x 0 f\nd practical 
to use2 :i* compression = ! d5atur$     
alcohol rang$ f #aej to #ahj p\nds p]   
squ>e in* above atmosph]e4  ,eighty p]  
c5t alcohol 7alcohol & wat]7 = use 9    
eng9es ( ! pres5t types w\ld h to sell =

 at lea/ #ae p] c5t less p] gallon ?an !
 d5atur$ alcohol1 9 ord] to compete ) x4
 ,! m9imum consumption values 9 gallons 
p] h\r p] brake horsep[] = #hj p] c5t   
alcohol is approximately #ag4e p] c5t   
great] ?an = ! d5atur$ alcohol us$1 or =
 gasol9e4 ,a s]ies ( te/s made ) alcohol
 ( v>i\s p]c5tages by volume rang+ f #id
 p] c5t to #ej p] c5t1 %[$ t ! m9imum   
consumption values 9 gallons p] h\r p]  
brake horsep[] increas$ a little m      
rapidly ?an ! alcohol decreas$ 9        
p]c5tage ( pure alcohol4 ,t is1 ! !rmal 
effici5cy decreas$ ) ! decrease 9       
p]c5tage ( pure alcohol4 ,?is decrease 9
 !rmal effici5cy or increase 9          
consumption ref]r$ to pure alcohol is1  
h[ev]1 comp>atively slight f #ajj p] c5t
 alcohol d[n to ab\t #hj p] c5t alcohol4
 ,)9 ^! limits x may be neglect$ 9 mak+ 
! calculations necess>y to comp>e !     
m9imum consumption values = te/s )      
diff]5t p]c5tages ( alcohol4  ,! ne>] ! 
alcohol is to pure1 ! great] ! maximum  
horsep[] ( ! eng9e4 ,! p] c5t r$uction 9

 maximum horsep[] = #hj p] c5t alcohol z
 comp>$ ) t = d5atur$ alcohol us$1 0    
less ?an "o p] c5t1 b ! />t+ & regulat+ 
difficulties are appreciably increas$4  
,) suitable compression1 mixtures (     
gasol9e & alcohol vapors 7d\ble         
c>burett]s7 gave !rmal effici5cies rang+
 betwe5 t = gasol9e 7maximum #bb4b p]   
c5t7 & t = alcohol 7maximum #cd4f p]    
c5t7 b 9 no case 7 !y high] ?an t =     
alcohol4 ,! above !rmal effici5cies are 
calculat$ f ! brake horsep[] & ! l[     
calorific value ( ! fuel1 :i* = !       
gasol9e 0 #ai1ajj ,briti% !rmal units p]
 p\nd1 & = ! d5atur$ alcohol 0 #aj1ejj  
,briti% !rmal units p] p\nd4  ,z has be5
 previ\sly publi%$1 alcohol c be us$ ) m
 or less satisfaction 9 /ation>y & m>9e 
gasol9e eng9es & ^! gasol9e eng9es w use
 f "o & "o-half to twice z mu* alcohol z
 gasol9e :5 op]at+ "u ! same conditions4
 ,! possibilities1 h[ev]1 ( alt]+ !     
ord9>y gasol9e eng9es z requir$ to obta9
 ! be/ economies ) alcohol are v limit$2
 = ! am\nt t ! compression c be rais$   

)\t entirely r$esign+ ! cyl9d] head &   
valve arrangem5t is ord9>ily n          
suffici5t1 nor are ! gasol9e eng9es     
usually built heavy en\gh to /& !       
maximum explosive pressures1 :i* (t5    
rea* six & sev5 hundr$ p\nds p] squ>e   
in*4 ,) ! increase 9 weight = !         
same-siz$ eng9e design$ to use alcohol  
in/ead ( gasol9e1 comes an increase 9   
maximum horsep[] ( a little ov]         
?irty-five p] c5t 7#ce71 s t its weight 
p] horsep[] ne$ n be great] ?an t ( !   
gasol9e eng9e1 & probably w be less4  ,!
 "w 0 tak5 up to inve/igate ! *>act]i/ic
 action ( fuels us$ 9 int]nal combu/ion 
eng9es ) a detail$ /udy ( ! action ( ea*
 fuel 7gasol9e & alcohol7 z gov]n$ by ! 
_m v>iable conditions ( eng9e           
manipulation1 design & equipm5t4 ,^!    
v>iables 7 isolat$1 s f> z possible2 _! 
sep>ate & comb9$ effects 7 det]m9$2     
work$ out "u practical op]at+           
conditions2 & l$ up to ! conditions     
requir$ = m9imum fuel consumption4 ,!   
results %[ ! sav+ t c be obta9$ ov]     

conditions = maximum consumption1 & also
 e/abli% a def9ite basis ( comp>ison "u 
conditions mo/ favorable to ea* fuel4   
,?is latt] is a po9t ( mu* comm]cial    
int]e/1 & a /udy ( ! comp>ative action (
 gasol9e & alcohol may be ( great s]vice
 9 solv+ "s ( ! g5]al                   
int]nal-combu/ion-eng9e problems :]e o!r
 ?an liquid fuels are us$4  ,a l>ge     
numb] ( fundam5tal te/s 7 necess>y 9    
ord] to cle>ly def9e conditions &       
int]pret results4 ,9 a way !y foll[ ! "w
 conduct$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1
 supplem5t+ to a c]ta9 ext5t1 b n       
duplicat+ bullet9 #aia1 :i* gives mu*   
data ( g5]al value4  ,_m ( ! te/s (     
int]nal-combu/ion eng9es h be5 made1 b  
mo/ ( !m1 especially 9 ?is c\ntry1 7 by 
private conc]ns1 = a specifi$ purpose1 &
 ! results are n g5]ally available4     
,fur!rmore1 z is g5]ally recogniz$ by ^?
 famili> ) gas1 & especially            
gasol9e-eng9e op]ation1 ! conditions    
influ5c+ eng9e p]=mance are s num]\s &  
v>i$ z to make ! value ( (fh& comp>ison 

v limit$ & (t5times mislead+1 exact     
comp>isons only be+ possible "u id5tical
 conditions or ) ref]5ce to ! actual    
kn[n diff]5ces 9 all conditions t       
influ5ce ! results4     ,,electrical    
,,code ,,revisions4   ,at ! rec5t meet+ 
( ! ,und]writ]s' ,national ,electric    
,association x 0 decid$ t ,coop] ,hewitt
 lamps mu/ h a cut-out = ea* lamp or    
s]ies1 except :5 conta9$ 9 a s+le frame 
& light$ by a s+le op]ation1 9 :i* case 
n m ?an five lamps %all be dep5d5t on a 
s+le cut-out4 ,! regulators mu/ be      
enclos$ 9 non-combu/ible cases1 & :]e   
subject to fly+s ( l9t or combu/ible    
mat]ial1 all op5+s ?r\gh ! cas+s mu/ be 
protect$ by a f9e wire gauze4 ,moore    
electric light tubes mu/ be in/all$ s z 
to be free f liability to me*anical     
injury or ( contact ) inflammable       
mat]ial4 ,! high-pot5tial coils &       
regulat+ app>atus mu/ be in/all$ 9 an   
approv$ /eel cab9et1 :i* %all be        
v5tilat$ 9 su* a mann] z to prev5t !    
escape ( flame or sp>ks 9 case (        

burn-out4 ,! app>atus 9 ?is box mu/ be  
m\nt$ on slate1 & ! enclos+ case        
positively gr\nd$4 ,! supply conductors 
mu/ comply ) ! rules gov]n+ l[-pot5tial 
sy/ems :]e su* wires d n c>ry curr5t    
hav+ a pot5tial ( ov] #cjj volts4  ,rule
 #h1 section d1 0 am5d$ to apply to     
auto-/>t]s only1 & a new section 0 add$ 
to rule #fj gov]n+ ! details ( rheo/at  
con/ruction4 ,new rules reg>d+          
l[-pot5tial trans=m]s foll[3 ,oil       
trans=m]s mu/ n be plac$ inside ( any   
build+ except c5tral /ations &          
sub-/ations1 unless by special p]mission
 ( ! inspection dep>tm5t4 ,air-cool$    
trans=m]s mu/ n be plac$ inside ( any   
build+ except+ c5tral /ations &         
sub-/ations1 unless ! highe/ voltage (  
ei!r prim>y or second>y does n exce$    
#eej volts1 & mu/ be s m\nt$ t ! case   
%all be "o foot f combu/ible mat]ial or 
sep>at$ !refrom by non-combu/ible1      
non-absorptive1 insulat+ mat]ial1 su* z 
slate or m>ble4 ,:]e trans=m]s are plac$
 at a less] di/ance1 a slab ( slate or  

m>ble some:at l>g] ?an ! trans=m] mu/ be
 us$1 & :]e ! trans=m] is m\nt$ on a    
side wall1 ! slate or m>ble mu/ be      
secur$ indep5d5t ( ! trans=m] supports1 
! trans=m] be+ support$ by bolts        
c\nt]sunk at lea/ "o-eigh? in* bel[ !   
surface ( ! back ( ! slab & fill$4  ,=  
wir+ electric cranes ! foll[+ rules 7   
adopt$3 ,all wires except b>e collector 
wires1 ^? betwe5 resi/ances & contact   
plates ( rheo/ats & ^? subject$ to sev]e
 ext]nal heat1 mu/ be approv$1          
rubb]-cov]$ & n small] 9 size ?an ,no4  
#ab ,b4  ,s4 ,wires betwe5 resi/ances & 
contact plates ( rheo/ats mu/ con=m to  
,no4 #d-;c1 unless ! wires are expos$ to
 moi/ure1 9 :i* case ! insulation mu/   
also be rubb]4 ,wires subject$ to sev]e 
ext]nal heat mu/ h approv$ sl[-burn+    
insulation4 ,all wires1 except+         
collector wires & ^? run 9 metal conduit
 or armor$ cable1 mu/ be support$ by    
knobs or cleats :i* sep>ate !m at lea/  
"o in* f ! surface wir$ ov]1 b 9 dry    
places :]e space is limit$ & ! di/ance  

betwe5 wires z requir$ by ,rule #bd-;h  
_c be obta9$1 ea* wire mu/ be sep>ately 
encas$ 9 approv$ flexible tub+ securely 
fa/5$ 9 place4 ,collector wires mu/ be  
support$ by approv$ insulators s m\nt$ t
 ev5 ) ! extreme movem5t p]mitt$ ! wires
 w be sep>at$ at all times at lea/ "o & 
"o-half in*es f ! surface wir$ ov]4     
,collector wires mu/ be held at ! ends  
by approv$ /ra9 insulators4  ,:]e !     
wires are arrang$ 9 a horizontal plane  
above ! crane1 !y mu/ be support$ at    
lea/ e tw5ty feet if practicable1 &     
sep>at$ at lea/ six in*es1 b if long]   
spans are necess>y1 ! di/ance betwe5    
wires mu/ be increas$ proportionately1 !
 span 9 no case to exce$ =ty feet4 ,if n
 arrang$ 9 a horizontal plane1 !y mu/ be
 c>ri$ along ! runways & mu/ be rigidly 
& securely atta*$ to _! insulat+        
supports at lea/ e tw5ty feet1 & if n   
arrang$ 9 a v]tical plane1 mu/ be       
sep>at$ at lea/ eight in*es4  ,:]e      
bridge collector wires are ov] eighty   
feet long1 insulat+ supports on :i* !   

wires may loosely lie mu/ be provid$ at 
lea/ e fifty feet4 ,bridge collector    
wires mu/ be kept at lea/ two & "o-half 
in*es ap>t1 b a great] spac+ %\ld be us$
 :5ev] x may be obta9$4 ,collector wires
 mu/ n be small] 9 size ?an specifi$ 9 !
 foll[+ table = ! v>i\s spans3          
,di/ance betwe5     ,size wire          
rigid supports4     requir$4            
,feet4           ,b4  ,s4          #j to
 #cj             #f         #ca to #fj  
#d          ,ov] #fj             #b     
,collectors mu/ be s design$ t sp>k+ w  
be r$uc$ to a m9imum betwe5 !m &        
collector wires4 ,! ma9 collector wires 
mu/ be protect$ by a cut-out & ! circuit
 controll$ by a swit*1 cut-out & swit*  
to be s locat$ z to be easy ( access f !
 floor4 ,cranes op]at$ f cabs mu/ h a   
cut-out & swit* connect$ into ! leads f 
! ma9 collector wires & s locat$ 9 ! cab
 z to be readily accessible to !        
op]ator4 ,:]e !re is m ?an "o motor on a
 s+le crane1 ea* motor lead mu/ be      
protect$ by a cut-out locat$ 9 ! cab if 

!re is "o4  ,controll]s mu/ be in/all$  
accord+ to ,no4 #d1 except t if ! crane 
is locat$ outdoors ! wires betwe5       
resi/ances & contact plates ( rheo/ats  
may be rubb]-cov]$ or b>e or sl[-burn+  
if prop]ly support$4 ,if ! crane op]ates
 ov] readily combu/ible mat]ial1 !      
resi/ances mu/ be plac$ 9 a fire-resi/+ 
enclosure2 or1 if locat$ 9 a cab1 ! cab 
mu/ be con/ruct$ ( non-combu/ible       
mat]ial & sides provid$ :i* enclose !   
cab f its floor to a height at lea/ six 
in*es above ! top ( ! resi/ance4  ,!    
motor frames1 ! entire frame ( ! crane &
 ! tracks mu/ be p]man5tly & effectively
 gr\nd$4  ,a numb] ( recomm5dations 7   
made call+ = conductive coat+s on       
cables1 outlet boxes & fitt+s 9 ord] to 
secure bett] electrical contact at all  
po9ts ?r\gh\t sy/ems 9 :i* !y are us$4  
,! foll[+ sugge/$ *anges 9 ! rules 7    
adopt$3 ,! f9e pr9t note "u rule #b1    
section a1 0 am5d$ to read z foll[s3    
8,wires f g5]ator to swit*bo>d may1     
h[ev]1 be plac$ 9 conduit1 provid$ t    

prop] precautions are tak5 to protect !m
 aga9/ moi/ure & me*anical injury4 ,if  
lead-cov]$ cable is us$ no fur!r        
protection aga9/ moi/ure w be requir$1  
etc40 ,section c ( ! same rule 0 am5d$  
by ins]t+ ! words1 8:]e n 9 conduit10   
aft] ! fir/ ^w4 ,! la/ s5t5ce ( ! f9e   
pr9t note 9 rule #ab1 section g1 0 am5d$
 to read3 8,! out] or wea!r end (       
conduit is to be provid$ ) approv$      
devices hav+ wires sep>at$ & bu%$ ?r\gh 
porcela940  ,a numb] ( *anges 7 made 9  
rule #bd4 ,section a1 ) f9e-pr9t note1 0
 /rick5 f ! ,code2 section o 0 am5d$ by 
mak+ ! fir/ recomm5dation 8a turn ( #ij 
deg41 etc402 section p 0 am5d$ s z to   
re/rict ! numb] ( diff]5t circuits 9 !  
same conduit to f\r two-wire or ?ree    
?ree-wire2 section x 0 *ang$ by         
sub/itut+ ! ^w or aft] ! ^w fa/5+s = (4 
,rule #bd;,a 0 also *ang$ some:at4      
,section d 0 am5d$ s z n to prohibit !  
in/allation ( armor$ cable )\t ! lead   
cov]+ 9 build+s ( firepro( con/ruction 9
 locations free f moi/ure2 ! ^w         

8und]gr\nd0 0 omitt$ f ! fir/ l9e ( !   
f9e-pr9t note "u section a4 ,a new      
section 0 add$ z foll[s3 8,all b5ds mu/ 
be s made t ! armor ( ! cable w n be    
injur$4 ,! radius ( ! curve ( ! inn]    
edge ( any b5d n to be less ?an "o &    
"o-half in*es40  ,rule #bh1 section e1 0
 am5d$ s z to exclude flexible cord f %[
 cases z well z %[ w9d[s2 ! f9e-pr9t    
note "u section g 0 omitt$4 ,a numb] (  
m9or *anges 7 made 9 ! rules gov]n+ !   
wir+ ( !at]s1 pr9cipally 9 ins]t+ !     
words1 8or armor$ cable10 s z to p]mit !
 use ( ! latt] z an alt]native to rigid 
conduit4 ,! o!r *anges h to d ) !       
details ( con/ruction1 fitt+1 etc4      
,among ! miscellane\s sugge/ions adopt$ 
7 ! foll[+3 ,all self-fa/5+ knobs1      
cleats & supports mu/ be secur$ by      
suitable screws2 wires 9 mold+ mu/ be 9 
cont9u\s l5g?s f outlet to outlet or f  
fitt+ to fitt+2 sockets or rosettes _c  
be us$ to dead-end a circuit2 soap-/one 
c be us$ z an alt]native = slate or     
m>ble2 & ends ( flexible wire ne$ n be  

sold]$ be=e ins]tion "u b9d+ po/s1 z    
call$ = 9 rule #ad1 section c4          
,approv$ ,electrical ,devices      ,?is 
dep>tm5t f "t to "t w conta9 an         
illu/rat$     description ( all fitt+s  
approv$ by ! ,und]writ]s'     ,national 
,electric ,association4   ,,conduit     
,,box1 ,,floor ,,outlet4  ,iron box1    
brass floor plate & nozzle4 ,cat4 ,no4  
#ajj4 ,approv$ ,m>* #bj1 #aijh4         
,manufactur$ by  ,ar?ur ,frantz5 ,co41  
#ib ,w4 ,van ,bur5 ,/41 ,*icago1 ,ill4  
,,gr\nd ,,clamps4  8,neco0 & 8,griptite0
 clamps = rigid conduit1 9 sizes = -in* 
to #c-;in* pipe4 0,flexclamp0 =         
,gre5field flexible /eel conduits or    
armor$ cable1 sizes ,a to ,e1 inclusive4
 ,approv$ ,m>* #bj1 #aijh4 ,manufactur$ 
by  ,novelty ,electric ,co41 #ej-ed     
,nor? ,f\r? ,/41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4    
,,panelbo>ds4  ,cu?b]t ,panelbo>ds1     
#abe1 #abe-bej1 & #bej ,v41 two & ?ree  
wire1 ) d\ble pole knife or snap swit*es
 & l9k1 ,edison plug or c>tridge inclos$
 fuses4 ,approv$ ,m>* #bj1 #aijh4       

,manufactur$ by  ,cu?b]t ,electrical    
,manufactur+ ,co41 #aje-aji ,s4 ,cl9ton 
,/41 ,*icago1 ,ill4   ,,receptacles ,,= 
,,atta*m5t ,,plugs4  ,surface           
receptacles ) pull-(f atta*m5t plugs4   
,two-wire1 ,cat4 ,no4 #de1cie1 #be ,a1  
#abe ,v2 ?ree-wire1 ,cat4 ,no4 #de1dij1 
#be ,a1 #abe-bej ,v4 7,= use ) approv$  
sub-base only47 ,approv$ ,m>* #bj1      
#aijh4 ,manufactur$ by  ,g5]al ,electric
 ,co41 ,s*5ectady1 ,n4 ,y4   ,,swit*es1 
,,knife4  ,cu?b]t ,panelbo>d ,swit*es1  
#ae ,a1 #abe ,v1 & #be ,a1 #bej ,v4     
,approv$ ,m>* #bj1 #aijh4 ,manufactur$  
by  ,cu?b]t ,electrical ,manufactur+    
,co41 #aje-aji ,s4 ,cl9ton ,/41 ,*icago1
 ,ill4   ,,conduit ,,boxes4  8,unilets0 
ca/-iron outlet boxes ) ?read$ op5+s =  
to #c-;in* rigid conduit4 ,) cov]s (    
/amp$ /eel or porcela91 or ) porcela9   
bu%+s4 ,types #a-ab & #ad4 ,approv$     
,april #ac1 #aijh1 = expos$ "w only4    
,manufactur$ by  ,appleton ,electric    
,co41 #bbd ,wa%+ton ,/41 ,*icago1 ,ill4 
,,fixtures4  8,oamco0 %[ w9d[ reflector4

 ,cat4 ,nos4 #fee1 #fee;,a1 #fee;,b1    
#fee;,c4 ,a metal tr\gh l9$ ) glass     
reflectors & fitt$ ) approv$ lamp       
sockets c>ri$ on ca/-iron arms bolt$ to 
iron pipe conta9+ wir+4 ,approv$ ,april 
#ac1 #aijh4 ,manufactur$ by  ,ov]baugh  
,ayres ,mfg4 ,co41 #bcb ,s\? ,cl9ton    
,/41 ,*icago1 ,ill4   ,,lamp ,,adju/]s4 
8,gem0 lamp ,adju/]s1 /yles ,a & ,b4 ,a 
pulley-:eel m\nt$ 9 iron bracket1 :eel  
controll$ by lock+ me*anism s z to p]mit
 ! adju/m5t ( a p5dant lamp hung f a    
porcela9 knob secur$ to device4         
,suitable = use ) flexible p5dant cord4 
,approv$ ,april #ac1 #aijh4 ,manufactur$
 by  ,gem ,mfg4 ,co41 #dfg ,elev5?      
,ave41 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4                
,,miscellane\s4  ,m]cury ,arc ,rectifi]s
 = conv]t+ alt]nat+ to direct curr5ts2  
outfits suppli$ = ,a4 ,c4 circuits (    
#aaj-bbj & #ccj volts ) ,d4 ,c4 curr5t  
capacities up to & includ+ #ej ,amps4   
7,= ,telephone ,batt]y ,s]vice ?is      
app>atus may include ,g4 ,e4 ,type ,a   
,trans=m] ( unit ratio1 to be ins]t$ z  

insulation betwe5 ,a4 ,c4 circuit gr\nd$
 neutral & gr\nd return ( ! telephone   
sy/em47 ,comp5sat+ reactance case mu/ be
 m\nt$ on base ( slate or ov]           
non-combu/ible insulat+ mat]ial :5      
in/all$ on floor or wall ( combu/ible   
mat]ial4 ,approv$ ,april #ac1 #aijh4    
,manufactur$ by  ,g5]al ,electric ,co41 
,s*5ectady1 ,n4 ,y4  ,m4 ,s4 ,cord      
,grip4 ,a fibre disc = use 9 socket &   
atta*m5t plug caps1 rosettes & simil>   
devices1 replac+ knot 9 flexible p5dant 
cord4 ,approv$ ,april #ac1 #aijh4       
,manufactur$ by  ,m>%all ,electric ,mfg4
 ,co41 #cja ,congress ,/41 ,bo/on1      
,mass4   ,,receptacles ,,= ,,atta*m5t   
,,plug4  ,surface receptacles1 ) pull-(f
 atta*m5t plug4 ,?ree-wire1 ,cat4 ,no4  
#de1dij1 #be ,a41 #abe-bej ,v41 = use   
only ) approv$ sub-base4 ,two-wire1     
,cat4 ,no4 #de1cie1 #be ,a41 #abe ,v4   
,approv$ ,april #f1 #aijh4 ,manufactur$ 
by  ,g5]al ,electric ,co41 ,s*5ectady1  
,n4 ,y4  ,surface ,receptacles1 #bj ,a41
 #be ,v4 ,cleat conceal$ & m\ld+ types1 

,cat4 ,nos4 #e1efg to #e1efi1 inclusive4
 ,flu% ,receptacle1 #bj ,a41 #bej ,v41  
,cat4 ,no4 #e1eea4 ,approv$ ,april #ac1 
#aijh4 ,manufactur$ by  ,h>vey ,hubbell1
 ,inc41 #ce ,organ ,/41 ,bridgeport1    
,conn4  ,lang /age receptacle & plug1   
#abe & #bej ,v4 ,base ( s+le piece ( h>d
 porcela9 or alb]5e /one4 ,h>dwood plug 
= /age cable4 ,= use 9 suitable iron or 
/eel box4 ,approv$ ,april #ac1 #aijh4   
,manufactur$ by  ,j4 ,lang ,electric    
,co41 #aaf ,n4 ,l9coln ,/41 ,*icago1    
,ill4  ,russell /age pocket & plug1     
,cat4 ,no4 #ac1 #ej ,a41 #abe ,v4       
,receptacle ) porcela9 base m\nt$ 9     
suitable ca/-iron box4 ,plug ( r$ fibre 
provid$ ) fibre clamp replac+ knot 9    
cord4 ,approv$ ,april #ac1 #aijh4       
,manufactur$ by  ,russell  ,/oll ,co41  
#dh ,cliff ,/41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4     
,,receptacles1 ,,/&>d4  ,bryant         
,receptacles1 #c ,a41 #bej ,v41 ,sign1  
,cat4 ,nos4 #a1gjj & #df1gdi4 ,cleat    
,cat4 ,nos4 #i1djb1 #i1djc1 #iba1       
#a1jaa1 #a1abc1 #ej1gae1 #aa1bba1       

#bh1gie1 #eh1idi1 #eh1cjj1 #eh1cja4     
,conceal$1 ,cat4 ,nos4 #ej1gdd1 also    
#i1ddg1 fusible #b ,a41 #abe ,v4 ,m\ld+1
 ,cat4 ,nos4 #db1dec1 #eh1cjb & #eh1iej4
 ,conduit box4 ,cat4 ,nos4 #i1ead &     
#i1cig4 ,rosette receptacles1 cleat &   
conceal$ types1 fusible1 #b ,a41 #abe   
,v41 ,cat4 ,nos4 #i1dcd1 #i1dcf1 #i1dch1
 #i1djd1 #i1dje & #i1djf4 ,approv$      
,april #b1 #aijh4 ,manufactur$ by       
,bryant ,electric ,co41 ,bridgeport1    
,conn4  ,porcela9 %ell1 keyless1 #c ,a41
 #bej ,v4 ,cleat type1 ,cat4 ,nos4      
#bh1gid1 #bh1gie & #aa1bba4 ,conceal$   
type1 ,nos4 #ej1gdd & #ej1gag4 ,conduit 
boxes1 ,nos4 #i1cig1 #dj1ecg1 #di1ced & 
#i1ead4 ,sign receptacle1 ,no4 #df1fbg4 
,wall sockets1 brass %ell1 key1 #ej ,c4 
,p41 keyless4 #c ,a41 #bej ,v4 ,conceal$
 base1 ,nos4 #i1ahd1 #bg1gdc1 #bi1djd1  
#i1ahe1 #bg1gdc & #bi1dje4 ,angle base1 
,nos4 #ej1gec1 #bh1gba1 #bi1djf1        
#ej1gee4 #bh1gbb & #bi1djg4 ,approv$    
,april #ac1 #aijh4 ,manufactur$ by      
,g5]al ,electric ,co41 ,s*5ectady1 ,n4  

,y4         ,,! ,,j\rnal ,,(            
,,electricity1     ,,p[] ,,& ,,gas      
,publi%$ ,weekly by     ,,! ,,te*nical  
,,publi%+ ,,company     #aaa ,new       
,montgom]y ,/41 ,san ,francisco1        
,cali=nia      ,e4 ,b4 ,,/rong1         
,presid5t & ,g5'l ,manag]     ,a4 ,h4   
,,halloran1 ,secy4 & ,manag+ ,editor    
,directors3      ,r4 ,j4 ,,davis     ,a4
 ,m4 ,,hunt     ,e4 ,m4 ,,scribn]       
,c4 ,l4 ,,cory     ,e4 ,b4 ,,/rong      
,ye>ly subscription1 #b4ej4 ,s+le       
copies1 #aj cts4 ,back numb]s     prior 
to ! curr5t mon?1 #be cts4 ,canadian    
subscription #c4ej4      ,=eign         
subscription1 #d4jj4      ,subscriptions
 _c be begun ) back numb]s4             
,manuscripts submitt$ mu/ be accompani$ 
by po/age to insure     return4         
,address all communications & make all  
remittances payable to     ,! ,te*nical 
,publi%+ ,company4      ,ent]$ z        
second-class matt] at ! ,san ,francisco 
,po/ ,(fice     z 8,! ,electrical       
,j\rnal10 ,july1 #ahie4      ,entry     

*ang$ to 8,! ,j\rnal ( ,electricity10   
,septemb]1 #ahie4      ,entry *ang$ to  
8,! ,j\rnal ( ,electricity1 ,p[] &      
,gas10     ,augu/ #ae1 #ahii4           
,entry *ang$ ,may #a1 #aijf1 to 8,!     
,j\rnal ( ,electricity1     ,p[] &      
,gas10 ,weekly4      ,,vol4 ,,xx        
,,may #b1 #aijh      ,no4 #ah           
,,editorial4   ,sid5ote3 ,,manufactur+  
,,opportunity4  ,! fir/ half c5tury (   
,we/]n developm5t 0 accompli%$ )\t ! aid
 ( *eap fuel4 ,?is lack 0 really a      
bless+ 9 disguise1 = x appli$ ! ne$$    
spur t f9ally =c$ ! utilization ( its   
protean wat] p[]s4 ,b ) ! developm5t (  
its lat5t oil res\rces !re became       
available a fuel ^: *eapness & conv5i5ce
 %\ld enable ! ,we/ to compete 9 !      
manufactur+ field4  ,!re has be5 no     
factor ( great] use & ) less            
recognition1 9 ?is atta9m5t1 ?an ! aid  
giv5 by ! eng9e]4 ,! fir/ & mo/ press+  
problem 0 ! tam+ ( ! furi\s =ce ( newly 
tapp$ gu%]s1 s z to regulate & control  
_! fl[ ) ref]5ce to res]voir capacity4  

,b s irresi/ible 7 "s t !y c\ld no m be 
re/ra9$ ?an c ! waves ( ! ocean4        
,millions ( b>rels fl[$ to wanton wa/e4 
,e>!n b>ricades 7 ha/ily built ar\nd op5
 pools1 & consid]able oil 0 ?us pres]v$1
 only to be flood$ into an unready      
m>ket1 ^: dem& 0 n suffici5t to absorb !
 sudd5 oil supply4 ,nor 7 ! exi/+ means 
( transportation suitable4  ,"h1 inde$1 
0 "w to be done4 ,h[ quickly a m>ket 0  
creat$ is indicat$ by ! fact t 9 #aijf !
 local consumption 0 great] ?an !       
production4 ,?is 0 due to an            
accumulation caus$ by l[ prices1 !      
av]age be+ less ?an tw5ty-five c5ts1 & !
 m9imum t5 c5ts4 ,a fleet ( tank /eam]s 
& a pipe l9e across ! ,i/hmus ( ,panama 
soon gave access to ! ,atlantic1 &      
,pacific possibilities 7 vigor\sly      
develop$1 s t ! dem& has already d\bl$  
?is price4  ,) reg>d to ! crude oil1    
boil]s & furnaces h be5 recon/ruct$ s z 
to effici5tly use ! new fuel4 ,radical  
*anges 7 necess>y 9 ord] to provide     
increas$ air capacity & new means ( air 

di/ribution4 ,! v be/ ( our eng9e]+     
tal5t h be5 s successfully conc]n$ ) ?is
 problem t fuel oil is n[ us$ 9 ne>ly e 
/eam plant on l& & sea1 = bo? /ation>y &
 locomotive use4 ,petroleum-enri*$ wat] 
gas is mu* sup]ior 9 co/ & quality to ! 
illum9ant x is displac+1 & n[ requires  
consid]able oil4 ,smelt+ ) oil w soon be
 an accompli%$ fact 9 spite ( _m        
difficulties1 & oil eng9es su* z !      
,diesel also utilize ! crude4  ,foll[+  
its utilization z fuel1 !re came its    
v>i$ applications z a ref9$ product4    
,gasol9e & eng9e oils 7 sep>at$ = use 9 
! v>i\s types ( explosive eng9es1       
lubricat+ oils 7 di/ill$ to make ! runn+
 easi]1 & f ! residue1 asphalt 0 tak5 to
 meet ! good roads movem5t4 ,_m o!r v>i$
 uses h be5 develop$ = ?is product1     
includ+ its application to ro(+ &       
wea!rpro(+4 ,*emi/s h f\nd t mo/ ( !    
,cali=nia oil1 z well z t f ! ,texas    
fields1 conta9s an asphaltum r ?an a    
p>aff9e base1 :i* ?us di/+ui%es !m f mo/
 ( ! ,ea/]n oils4  ,co9cid5t ) ?is      

increas+ use ( oil dur+ ! pa/ decade h  
be5 ! improvem5ts 9 ! me?od ( c>ry+ x4  
,! great exp5se ( rea*+ ?is eng9e]-made 
m>ket dem&$ t *eap transportation be    
provid$4 ,long pipe l9es h be5 built1   
:i* p\r ! oil directly into ! ref9]y or 
into %ips t take x to a =eign m>ket4 ,"o
 ne>ly ?ree hundr$ miles long 0         
con/ruct$1 b prov$ inop]ative on acc\nt 
( ! great viscosity ( ! oil4 ,b ev5 ?is 
difficulty has be5 met & ov]come by an  
entirely new pr9ciple t promises to     
solve ! problem1 & =ms "o ( ! int]e/+   
/ories ! 8,j\rnal0 has yet to tell4  ,n 
less important ?an ! eng9e]+ problems   
already outl9$ is t detail$ 9 ?is issue 
by our fri5d1 ,mr4 ,clem4 ,a4 ,copel&4  
,disa/r\s fires h consum$ millions (    
gallons1 & any means t less5s ?is       
ne$less wa/e is welcom$4 ,incid5tally x 
illu/rates ! importance ( /udy+ o!r jobs
 9 relation to _! possible application  
to new problems4 ,! adoption ( long-span
 "w requir$ c\rage1 :i* has be5 ju/ifi$ 
by ! results4 ,x is n our prov9ce to    

discuss ! e?ics ( competitive /ruggles  
:i* h *>act]iz$ ! hi/ory ( oil :]ev]    
develop$ 9 l>ge quantities 9 ?is c\ntry4
 ,b1 z long z competition endures1      
/agnation is prev5t$1 & x is und\bt$ly  
due to ?is /ress t s mu* eng9e]+ +5uity 
has result$4     ,,comm]cial ,,day ,,at 
,,! ,,national ,,electric ,,light       
,,association   ,mr4 ,geo4 ,w4          
,williams1 :o is "o ( ! be/ kn[n        
comm]cial m5 9 ! c\ntry1 & ,mr4 ,frank  
,b4 ,rae1 ( ,sell+ ,electricity1 are    
jo9t editors on :at w probably be "o ( !
 v int]e/+ features ( t p>ticul> "p ( ! 
conv5tion1 namely3 8,an illu/rat$ talk  
on ! me?ods ( creat+ dem& =             
electricity40 ,?is w include /]eoptican 
views %[+ 9 detail ! progress ( ! outl9e
 & sign light+ 9 l>ge & small cities4   
,,p]sonal4   ,c4 ,k4 ,k+1 vice-presid5t 
( ! ,ohio ,brass ,company1 is expect$ 9 
,san ,francisco ?is week4  ,p4 ,h4      
,coolidge has come f ,*icago to take !  
managem5t ( ! ,we/]n ,electric ,co4 (   
,san ,francisco4  ,w4 ,a4 ,blair succe$s

 ,mr4 ,r4 ,l4 ,van ,valk5b]g z assi/ant 
treasur] ( ! ,we/]n ,electric ,co4 ,mr4 
,van ,valk5b]g w g ,ea/ on ,may #ae?4   
,alonzo ,g>tley1 ,g5]al ,mgr4 ,hawaiian 
,electric ,co41 ,honolulu1 is 9 ,san    
,francisco z a memb] ( ! ,hawaiian      
,gov]nor's /aff1 on ! way ,ea/ to att5d 
! ,roosevelt conf]5ce4  ,w4 ,i4 ,otis1  
:o has be5 associat$ ) ! ,we/]n         
,electric ,co4 = ! pa/ five ye>s1 sev]s 
8 connection ) ! company on ,may to op5 
an (fice at #aaa ,new ,montgom]y ,/41 is
 ! repres5tative ( sev]al responsible   
,ea/]n manufactur]s4  ,tracy ,e4        
,bibb9s1 ,san ,francisco manag] ,supply 
,dep>tm5t ,g5]al ,electric ,co41 has    
recov]$ f ! %ock & m9or injuries receiv$
 9 ! rec5t wreck ( ! 8,owl10 & is       
receiv+ ! congratulations ( 8 fri5ds on 
hav+ escap$ )\t s]i\s injury4  ,james   
,d4 ,s*uyl]1 hydraulic eng9e]1 ( ,los   
,angeles1 ,cal41 has be5 appo9t$ memb] (
 a bo>d ( eng9e]s to inve/igate & report
 on a p[] plant 9 ,japan = an ,engli%   
syndicate to op]ate ! /reet railways 9  

,tokio & ,yokohama1 & to furni% curr5t =
 light+ & p[] ( ^? cities4     ,,obitu>y
   ,mr4 ,samuel ,b4 ,rawson1 presid5t ( 
! ,dean ,electric ,co41 di$ ,?ursday1   
,april #i1 #aijh1 at ,elyria1 ,ohio4    
,,trade ,,catalogues4   ,holophane      
,reflectors = ,gem1 ,m]idian1 ,tantalum 
& ,tung/5 lamps are illu/rat$ & describ$
 9 ,bullet9 ,no4 #f f ! ,holophane      
,company ( ,new ,york ,city4  ,bullet9  
,no4 #ba f ,h4 ,krantz ,mfg4 ,co41      
#afj-aff ,sev5? ,/41 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41
 illu/rates & describes ,/&>d &         
,wat]-,tight ,boxes = all electrical    
in/allation purposes4 ,?is l9e includes 
floor1 wall1 ceil+1 elevator1           
receptacle1 swit*1 conduit & junction   
boxes1 z well z boxes ) plugs &         
receptacles = ei!r wood1 concrete or    
p>quet floors or m>9e in/allations4  ,! 
,g5]al ,electric ,company1 ,s*5ectady1  
,n4 ,y41 9 ,bullet9 ,no4 #d1egf1        
describes ! ,type ,f1 ,=m ,k-#c l9e (   
oil swit*es = panel in/allation & remote
 control1 on sy/ems ( #d1ejj volts or   

less4 ,! object ( ,bullet9 ,no4 #d1egh  
is to describe ! ess5tials ( ! v>i\s    
/&>d controll]s t are manufactur$ =     
railway s]vice1 ) special ref]5ce to !  
op]at+ conditions = :i* ea* type is     
suit$4 ,among ! controll]s describ$ are 
,type ,b1 :i* include ! necess>y        
contacts & connections = electric brak+1
 ,type ,k = s]ies p>allel op]ation ( !  
motors1 ,type ,l1 also 9 ! s]ies p>allel
 class1 b :i* completely op5 ! p[]      
circuit :5 *ang+ f s]ies to p>allel2    
,type ,r1 :i* are design$ to control !  
motor spe$s by means ( resi/ance only1 &
 a brief outl9e ( ! ,sprague-,g5]al     
,electric ,type ,m control sy/em4 ,!    
,g5]al ,electric ,,cq motor is describ$ 
9 detail 9 a #af-page bullet94 ,?is     
motor is = direct-curr5t circuits1 & is 
made up to #bj-;horsep[] 9 size1 & =    
voltages1 ( #aae1 #bcj & #eej4 ,!       
application ( ! motor to l9otype        
equipm5ts1 v5tilat+ outfits1 ma*9e      
tools1 etc41 is also outl9$4 ,! ext5sive
 tables ( dim5sions1 capacities1 etc41 9

 ! bullet91 w be f\nd v useful 9 prep>+ 
specifications4     ,,civil ,,s]vice    
,,exam9ations4  ,swit*bo>d ,att5dant    
7,male74   ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,civil      
,s]vice ,commission ann\nces an         
exam9ation on ,may #f1 #aijh1 to secure 
eligibles f :i* to make c]tification to 
fill a vacancy 9 ! position ( swit*bo>d 
att5dant 7male71 #ijj p] annum1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,milit>y ,academy1 ,we/ ,po9t1   
,n4 ,y41 & vacancies requir+ simil>     
qualifications z !y may occur 9 any     
bran* ( ! s]vice4 ,! exam9ation w consi/
 ( lett]-writ+1 practical que/ions1 &   
exp]i5ce4 ,applicants = ?is exam9ation  
%\ld be practical electricians4 ,!y %\ld
 /ate accurately 9 _! applications :at  
exp]i5ce !y h _h 9 ! h&l+ ( bo?         
alt]nat+- & direct-curr5t swit*bo>ds &  
alt]nat+- & direct-curr5t g5]ators2 also
 exp]i5ce ) v>i\s met]s us$ 9 measur+   
high-voltage curr5ts1 rheo/ats1         
trans=m]s1 & o!r app>atus us$ 9 a p[]   
h\se4  ,an exam9ation w be held on ,may 
#f1 #aijh1 to fill a vacancy 9 !        

position ( assi/ant eng9e]1 #ijj p]     
annum1 (fice ( ! ,attorney-,g5]al1      
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 a vacancy 9 !        
position ( eng9e]1 #a1jbj p] annum1     
,fre$m5's ,hospital1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c42 
& vacancies requir+ simil>              
qualifications z !y may occur4          
,applicants :o h _h exp]i5ce 9 plumb+   
%\ld s /ate 9 _! applications1 z su*    
exp]i5ce is requir$ = ! position 9      
,fre$m5's ,hospital4 ,! exam9ation w    
consi/ ( lett]-writ+1 practical que/ions
 9 me*anical & electrical eng9e]+       
7compris+ ! con/ruction & op]ation ( !  
heat+ plant & electric light+ & elevator
 ma*9]y 9 fir/-class public build+s71 & 
exp]i5ce 9 me*anical & electrical       
eng9e]+ "w4     ,,gas ,,eng9e]+4   ,9   
ord] to meet ! con/antly increas+ dem& =
 tra9+ 9 gas eng9e]+1 f\r c\rses h be5  
e/abli%$ at ,cornell ,univ]sity4 ,fir/1 
a c\rse ( lectures on ! g5]al !ory ( gas
 eng9es2 second1 a c\rse ( lectures on  
gas eng9e design2 ?ird1 a draft+ room   
c\rse 9 gas eng9e design2 & f\r?1 a     

lecture c\rse :i* treats ( ! eng9e]+    
problems involv$ 9 ! conv]sion ( v>i\s  
solid & liquid fuels into gas fuels1 & 9
 ! transmission ( gas fuels4 ,?is c\rse 
discusses ! diff]5t gas mak+ processes &
 gives descriptions & /udies ( designs (
 app>atus us$4 ,! object ( ^! f\r c\rses
 is to give to ! /ud5t tak+ !m !        
fundam5tal ideas ( mod]n gas eng9e]+4   
,! gas eng9e laboratory1 :i* 0 mov$ into
 "o ( ! small build+s 9 ! c\rt aft] !   
build+ _h be5 r5d]$ firepro( by concrete
 walls & floor1 has prov$ a v           
satisfactory addition to ! laboratory & 
w d\btless produce mu* valuable         
sci5tific in=mation4 ,x is n[ equipp$ ) 
examples ( e important type ( gas eng9e 
:i* has be5 produc$ s9ce ! "t (         
,brayton4 ,a produc] gas plant is be+   
in/all$ & w soon be 9 practical         
op]ation4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,john      
,wilk9son1 ,m4 ,e41 ,cornell #ahhi1 *ief
 eng9e] ( ! ,frankl9 ,co41 a f\r-cyl9d] 
,frankl9 automobile eng9e has be5       
pres5t$4     ,,pat5ts   ,,cut-,,out4    

#hhd1igh4 ,john ,h4 ,boo?1 ,frank ,e4   
,blausey1 & ,ar?ur ,m4 ,smi?1 ,san      
,p$ro1 ,cal4  ,illu/ration  ,a cut-out  
compris+ a base hav+ a l9e t]m9al & an  
in/rum5t t]m9al1 a drop lev] pivotally  
m\nt$ on ! base1 l9e t]m9al be+ connect$
 ) ! pivotally m\nt$ drop lev]1 lev]    
hav+ its free end provid$ ) a =k1 a     
bracket to :i* ! in/rum5t t]m9al is     
connect$1 bracket be+ also provid$ ) a  
=k1 a fuse re/+ 9 ! =ks1 & support+ !   
drop lev]1 & a c>bon block hav+ a gr\nd 
connection connect$ ) ! cut-out adjac5t 
to ! end ( ! fuse :i* re/s 9 ! =k ( !   
bracket4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,,process ,,( ,,mak+ ,,gas4
 #hhd1fee4 ,alex&] ,m4 ,g[1 ,edgewood   
,p>k1 ,pa41 assignor1 by mesne          
assignm5ts1 to ! ,we/+h\se ,ma*9e       
,company4  ,illu/ration  ,! process (   
mak+ gas1 :i* consi/s 9 bl[+ to         
inc&esc5ce ! ext]ior portion ( a body ( 
fuel1 =c+ fre% fuel into ! int]ior ( !  
body1 utiliz+ ! s5sible heat ( !        
inc&esc5t fuel 9 ! de/ructive           

di/illation ( ! fre% fuel1 introduc+    
/eam into ! int]ior portion ( ! body (  
fuel & caus+ x to pass1 fir/ ?r\gh !    
fre% fuel & !n ?r\gh ! heat$ ext]ior    
portion ( ! fuel b$4         99       99
       99       99       99  ,,electric 
,,heat]4 #hhd1edj4 ,elihu ,?omson1      
,swampscott1 ,mass41 assignor to ,g5]al 
,electric ,company4  ,illu/ration  ,an  
electric heat] compris+ a receptacle1   
conta9+ oil hav+ a high fla%+ po9t &    
means = circulat+ ! same1 a resi/ance   
conductor imm]s$ 9 ! oil & adapt$ to    
heat ! same1 & a heat+ sy/em p>tially )9
 ! conta9] & arrang$ to receive its heat
 f ! circulat+ oil4         99       99 
99       99       99  ,,impact          
,,wat]-,,:eel4 #hhd1ijg4 ,william ,a4   
,doble & ,fr$]ick ,gfell]1 ,san         
,francisco1 ,cal4  ,illu/ration  ,!     
comb9ation ) ! body ( an impact :eel1 ( 
buckets ea* hav+ at sep>at$ po9ts1 "o 9 
advance ( ! o!r1 a c5tral & two p>allel 
p]=at$ e>s1 ! p]=ations ( ! c5tral e> ( 
ea* bucket axially 9 l9e ) ^? ( !       

p>allel e>s ( ! contigu\s bucket1 &     
bolts pass+ transv]sely ?r\gh p]=ations 
& ?r\gh ! body4         99       99     
99       99       99  ,,sy/em ,,(       
,,control ,,= ,,electric ,,motors4      
#hhd1eda4 ,leon>d ,a4 ,tirrill1 ,lynn1  
,mass41 assignor to ,g5]al ,electric    
,company4  ,illu/ration  ,! me?od (     
op]at+ a comp\nd-w\nd motor1 :i* consi/s
 9 supply+ curr5t to ! armature & field 
w9d+s1 cutt+ out ! armature & connect+ !
 s]ies field w9d+ to ! s\rce ( curr5t   
supply1 connect+ ! armature 9 rev]se    
relation to ! s]ies field w9d+1 & !n    
ins]t+ a high resi/ance 9 s]ies ) ! %unt
 field w9d+4     ,,! ,,pass+ ,,( ,a     
,,pione]4   ,9 our adv]tis+ columns ?is 
week1 ann\ncem5t is made ( ! retirem5t f
 active bus9ess ( ! ,cali=nia           
,electrical ,works ( ,san ,francisco & !
 cont9uance ( t bus9ess "u ! "n ( !     
,we/]n ,electric ,company1 :i* has      
direct$ its op]ation s9ce x assum$      
control 9 #aija4  ,) ?is *ange !re      
passes into hi/ory a "n s closely       

id5tifi$ ) ! pione] days t to write !   
hi/ory ( ! ,cali=nia ,electrical ,works 
is to write ! hi/ory ( ! electrical     
bus9ess ( ! e>ly days ( ,cali=nia4  ,!  
ye> #ahga witness$ ! incorporation ( !  
,electrical ,con/ruction & ,ma9t5ance   
,company1 aft]w>d ! ,cali=nia           
,electrical ,works4 ,! (fic]s 7 ,george 
,s4 ,ladd1 presid5t1 ,john ,g4 ,ayres1  
bus9ess manag]1 & ,s4 ,b4 ,field1       
electrician & secret>y4 ,_! location 0  
on ! top floor ( a small frame build+ at
 ! corn] ( ,montgom]y & ,jackson        
,/reets1 ,san ,francisco4  ,?is company 
absorb$ all ! bus9ess =m]ly h&l$ by     
outside electrical ent]prise & acquir$  
by pur*ase ! int]e/s ( ,lundb]g         
,m>w$ell1 :o _h be5 c>ry+ on a limit$   
bus9ess 9 ! manufacture ( telephone     
app>atus & supplies1 includ+ !          
manufacture ( all telegraph in/rum5ts   
us$ by ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph       
,company on ! ,pacific ,coa/4  ,previ\s 
to ! incorporation ( ! ,electrical      
,con/ruction & ,ma9t5ance ,company1     

electrical developm5t on ! ,pacific     
,coa/ _h be5 entirely conf9$ to !       
op]ations ( ! ,cali=nia ,/ate ,telegraph
 ,company4  ,9 ! ye> #ahfc1 ?ree        
telegraph circuits ent]$ ! city ( ,san  
,francisco1 ^! be+ compos$ ( ,no4 #i    
iron wire support$ on r$wood poles &    
insulat$ ) hook insulators2 b two ( ^!  
circuits c\ld be work$ at ! same "t1 !  
8cross fire0 betwe5 conductors r5d]+ a  
sep>ate pole l9e = ea* conductor a      
necessity4 ,9 ^? days e tr\ble on ! l9e 
0 attribut$ to ! fogs :i* 7 !n z n[ v   
d5se at c]ta9 p]iods ( ! ye>4  ,9 ! ye> 
#ahfe ! fire al>m telegraph 0 introduc$ 
9 ,san ,francisco1 & ,mr4 ,field 0 "o ( 
! op]ators ( ?is sy/em4 ,! foll[+ ye>1  
#ahff1 ! fir/ private telegraph l9e 0   
con/ruct$ betwe5 ! (fices ( ,kelly1     
,hew/on  ,company & _! ref9]y ab\t a    
mile away4 ,?is circuit 0 made ( bal+   
wire--ab\t ,no4 #ad pla9 iron--) a jo9t 
e #aej feet4 ,! in/rum5ts1 batt]y & dial
 78,a4 ,b4 ,c407 7 f ,a4 ,t4  ,j4 ,n4   
,*e/]  ,company ( ,new ,york4 ,! success

 ( ?is l9e 0 s imm$iate t q a dem&      
sprang up = su* in/allations1 numb]s (  
:i* 7 con/ruct$ & in/all$ by !          
,electrical ,con/ruction & ,ma9t5ance   
,company "u ! sup]vision ( ,mr4 ,field4 
,x may be ( int]e/ to "k t ^! in/rum5ts 
co/ #abe ea* 9 gre5backs1 :i* 7 !n rat$ 
at ab\t #ej to #hj c5ts on ! doll>1 & 7 
sold 9 ,san ,francisco = #bej ea* 9     
gold4  ,h\setop l9e con/ruction co/ #abe
 p] mile & pole l9e con/ruction ab\t    
#bej p] mile4  ,ab\t #ahgd1 ! ,am]ican  
,di/rict ,telegraph ,sy/em 0 introduc$ 9
 ,san ,francisco1 ! promot]s be+ ! v>i\s
 /ockhold]s ( ! ,electrical ,con/ruction
 & ,ma9t5ance ,company1 al?\gh ! bus9ess
 0 c>ri$ on "u a sep>ate incorporation4 
,on ,june #ad1 #ahgf1 ! company         
consolidat$ ) ,mr4 ,paul ,seil] & ,dr4  
,hirs* & incorporat$ "u ! "n ( !        
,cali=nia ,electrical ,works1 *ang+ _!  
location to ! ?ird floor ( a brick      
build+ on ,sutt] ,/reet4  ,9 ! ye> #ahgg
 ! telephone 0 introduc$ on ! ,pacific  
,coa/1 ! fir/ ex*ange be+ op5$ 9 !      

,di/rict ,telegraph (fice on ,sansome   
,/reet1 ,san ,francisco4 ,9 ! summ] (   
#ahgh ! fir/ long-di/ance telephone l9e 
0 con/ruct$ = ! ,nor? ,bloomfield       
,gravel ,m9+ ,company & v>i\s o!r       
adjac5t claims comm5c$ at ,fr5* ,corrall
 9 ,yuba ,c\nty4 ,x ext5d$ to ne>ly !   
summit ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada ,m\nta9s1 !   
total l5g? ( ! l9e be+ ab\t sixty miles 
) tw5ty-f\r /ations4 ,?is l9e 0 in/all$ 
by ! ,cali=nia ,electrical ,works1 !    
pr9cipal "w be+ done by ,mr4 ,john      
,o',neil4 ,9 ?is connection x w no d\bt 
be ( int]e/ to "k t he is /ill 9 !      
employ ( ! company & we are indebt$ to  
him = mu* ( ! in=mation conta9$ 9 ?is   
article4  ,dur+ ^! e>ly ye>s ! ,cali=nia
 ,electrical ,works wir$ mo/ ( !        
pr9cipal build+s & resid5ces 9 ,san     
,francisco1 includ+ ! old ,palace       
,hotel1 ! ,james ,b4 ,hagg9 resid5ce1 ! 
,goad resid5ce1 ! ,concordia ,club1     
,g5]al ,colgan's resid5ce1 ! ,m>k       
,hopk9s' ,in/itute1 ! ,lel& ,/an=d      
resid5ce1 ! ,*as4 ,crock] resid5ce & _m 

o!rs4 ,^! names repres5t _m ( ! mo/     
prom95t e>ly pione]s 9 ,cali=nia4 ,mo/ (
 ! wir+ 0 = call bells & ! wire us$ on !
 fir/ in/allations 0 insulat$ ) cotton  
braid & aft]w>ds v>ni%$1 ! "w be+ done 9
 ! %op ( ! ,cali=nia ,electrical ,works4
  ,! fir/ drop annunciator on ! ,pacific
 ,coa/ 0 in/all$ by ! ,cali=nia         
,electrical ,works 9 ! (fice ( ! ,gr&   
,hotel :i* 0 directly across ! /reet f !
 old ,palace ,hotel4 ,?is annunciator   
rema9$ 9 s]vice until ! e>?quake & fire 
( #aijf4  ,9 #ahgg ! company in/all$ !  
fir/ electric light p[] /ation on !     
,coa/4 ,! old ,cali=nia ,!at] & ,auction
 ,h\se1 once s fam\s1 0 nightly         
illum9at$ ) 8,j>blok(f0 c&les4 ,dur+ !  
ye> #ahgh ! company obta9$ f ,mr4 ,?os4 
,a4 ,edison ! fir/ g5]ator = inc&esc5t  
lights se5 9 ! ,we/1 ?is ma*9e be+ "o ( 
! hi/orical bi-pol>s ) a capacity ( ab\t
 #afj lights4 ,x 0 in/all$ 9 ! ,h4 ,s4  
,crock] build+ on ,bu% ,/reet1 z an     
exhibit1 & attract$ a great deal (      
att5tion4 ,! sockets = ! lamps 7 v      

cumb]some & _h no keys & !re 0 only "o  
swit* on ! l9e1 ?is be+ plac$ on ! frame
 ( ! g5]ator4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 ?is     
ma*9e 0 in/all$ z a p]man5t exhibit 9 ! 
old ,me*anics' ,pavilion on ,l>k9       
,/reet1 & z a result ! ,cali=nia        
,electrical ,works in/all$ q a numb] (  
!m dur+ ! next two ye>s4  ,9 #ahhf !    
bus9ess 0 mov$ to #ce ,m>ket ,/reet1 :]e
 bett] accommodations & increas$ floor  
space 7 obta9$4 ,9 #ahij !y aga9 mov$ to
 #dji ,m>ket ,/reet1 :]e1 ow+ to !      
increas$ volume ( ! bus9ess1 !y occupi$ 
?ree floors4 ,on ,decemb] #af1 #aija1 ! 
,we/]n ,electric ,company acquir$ !     
controll+ int]e/ 9 ! company & locat$ at
 #edg ,mission ,/reet1 :]e ?ree floors &
 a basem5t 7 occupi$ = (fices & /ock4   
,!y rema9$ 9 ^! qu>t]s until !          
completion ( _! pres5t build+ at #fdb   
,folsom ,/reet1 :]e !y mov$ 9 ,janu>y1  
#aijf1 ?ree mon?s be=e ! cata/rophe :i* 
visit$ ,san ,francisco4  ,f>ewell to !  
,cali=nia ,electrical ,works4 ,welcome  
to ! ,we/]n ,electric ,company4         

,,brooks-,,follis ,,at ,,home4   ,!     
accompany+ illu/rations %[ ! new home ( 
! ,brooks-,follis ,electric             
,corporation1 #dd-df ,second ,/reet1    
,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,mr4 ,frank      
,f[d51 ,presid5t ( ! company1 has cle>ly
 demon/rat$ :at c be accompli%$ ?r\gh   
p]sev]ance1 w & optimism 9 ,san         
,francisco's future4  ,illu/ration3     
,,ext]ior4  ,at ! "t ( ! fire 9 #aijf1  
?is firm 0 locat$ on ,mission ,/reet4 ,!
 bus9ess 0 app>5tly demoli%$1 b ,april  
#bd? f\nd ! ,brooks-,follis ,electric   
,corporation bobb+ up s]5ely at #efc    
,?irte5? ,/reet1 ,oakl&1 :]e %ipm5ts 7  
made z rapidly z mat]ial c\ld be obta9$4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior4  ,9 ,july1   
#aijf1 a corrugat$ iron build+ at       
#bab-bad ,fir/ ,/reet1 became ! tempor>y
 ,san ,francisco home ( ! firm1 :]e all 
ord]s 7 h&l$ to ! be/ possible advantage
 "u ! conditions exi/+ at t "t4 ,^!     
qu>t]s 7 acceptable :ile ,san ,francisco
 0 be+ settl$ & ! bus9ess gr[+4  ,at !  
pres5t c5tral location all ! electrical 

m5 f ! int]ior c take a ,m>ket ,/reet c>
 & drop 9 at #dd-df ,second ,/reet1 take
 a seat 9 ,mr4 ,f[d5's (fice1 read !    
8,electrical ,j\rnals10 use ! telephone 
& make !mselves q at home4     ,,turb9e 
,,activities ,,9 ,,! ,,f> ,,ea/4   ,no  
less ?an t5 ma*9es1 aggregat+ #be1jjj   
horsep[]1 are includ$ 9 a l>ge %ipm5t ( 
,we/+h\se turbo-electric p[] equipm5t f 
,ea/ ,pittsburg to ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,mo/ ( ^!
 ma*9es w g to ,japan = ! equipm5t (    
railway1 light+1 & manufactur+ plants4  
,"o ( ! fir/ ma*9es to be put 9 s]vice w
 be a #a1ejj-kil[att turb9e unit =      
,manila1 to be in/all$ 9 a /ation ) f\r 
o!r ma*9es ( l con/ruction put into     
s]vice sev]al ye>s ago4 ,pa/ exp]i5ce ) 
^! ma*9es has result$ 9 ! rec5t         
ext5sion4 ,x w be recall$ t ?is railway 
sy/em 0 eng9e]$ & con/ruct$ by !        
,am]ican eng9e]+ firm ( ,j4 ,g4 ,:ite   
,co4  ,h>dly second 9 importance is !   
l>ge turb9e /ation ( ! ,osaka ,electric 
,company1 ,osaka1 ,japan1 n[ build+4    
,?is w be "o ( ! l>ge/ p[] /ations 9    

,japanese t]ritory1 & w conta91 = !     
pres5t1 #ae1jjj kil[atts 9 five units4  
,?ree ( ^! ma*9es are n[ be+ %ipp$ f    
,ea/ ,pittsburg4 ,! rema9d] w foll[ z   
fa/ z !y c be built & te/$4 ,! ,osaka   
in/allation is "u direct *>ge ( ,messrs4
 ,takata  ,co41 ( ,new ,york & ,tokio4  
,9 ! /rictly manufactur+ field1 !re are 
two in/allations 9 process ( erection1 =
 ! ,imp]ial ,/eel ,works ( ! ,japanese  
gov]nm5t & ! %ip y>ds ( ! ,hakkaido     
,tanko ,/eam%ip ,company4 ,two          
#ejj-kil[att ,we/+h\se-,p>sons turbo    
units w comprise an initial in/allation 
9 ea* ( ^! plants4 ,?is gratify+        
reception ( ,am]ican motive-p[] ma*9]y 9
 ! ,f> ,ea/1 especially ,japan1 may be  
reg>d$ z an index ( future op]ations :]e
 gov]nm5t inspection is exce$+ly rigid &
 is ex]cis$ along l9es mu* m detail$ ?an
 9 ?is c\ntry4     ,! ,g5]al ,electric  
,company has obta9$ v satisfactory      
results ) ! tung/5 lamp4 ,!y h %ipp$ ov]
 #ge1jjj to all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & !    
breakage 9 %ipm5t is bel[ "o & "o-half  

p] c5t4 ,!y /ate t !y are issu+ a new   
bullet9 cov]+ tung/5 lamps1 bo? s]ies & 
multiple1 & h a l>ge production1 good   
/ocks1 & are 9 position to make prompt  
%ipm5t1 p>ticul>ly ( ! #ajj-watt & all  
types ( tung/5 lamps :i* !y h /&>diz$4  
,,trade ,,notes   ,! ,am]ican ,automatic
 ,telephone ,co41 =m]ly ( ,ro*e/]1 ,n4  
,y41 & ! ,select ,telephone ,mfg4 ,co41 
=m]ly ( ,spr+field1 ,ohio1 are n[ locat$
 9 _! new plant at ,urbania1 ,ohio1 "u !
 "n ( ! ,am]ican ,automatic ,telephone  
,co4     ,,news ,,notes   ,,p[] ,,&     
,,light4  ,mead[ ,lake1 ,wa%4--,!       
,wa%+ton ,wat] ,p[] ,company w build a  
p[]-h\se4  ,eug5e1 ,ore4--,x is report$ 
t ! ,willamette ,valley company :i*     
supplies ,eug5e ) electric light & p[]  
is soon to in/all an entirely new       
equipm5t ( eng9es & dynamos 9 ! g5]at+  
plant at ?is place4  ,republic1         
,wa%4--,! c\nty commission]s grant$ to  
,ar?ur ,phillips & ,h4 ,d4 ,m]ritt      
fran*ises1 ea* = a p]iod ( ?irty-five   
ye>s1 to lay wat] ma9s f ,de] ,creek to 

! t[n ( ,ori5t1 wat] pipes ?r\gh\t !    
t[n1 & = a pole l9e & wir+ light+ ! t[n 
& furni%+ heat & p[]4  ,tw9 ,bridges1   
,mont4--,h5ry ,pankey1 sup]9t5d5t ( !   
,ea/on & ,pacific m9es1 above ,virg9ia  
,city1 has return$ f ,cali=nia & w at   
once pu% matt]s connect$ ) ! erection ( 
an electric p[] plant at ,bla9e ,spr+s1 
:i* is int5d$ to furni% electric p[] = !
 light+ ( ! c\nty seat4  ,new ,we/m9/]1 
,b4 ,c4--,manag+ ,director ,buntz51 ( ! 
,briti% ,columbia ,electric ,railway1   
held a conf]5ce ) ! city c\ncil rec5tly 
to discuss ! necessity ( erect+ a new   
dam at ,lake ,coquitlam4 ,mr4 ,buntz5   
agre$ t x 0 necess>y1 ! pres5t "o be+ b 
a tempor>y affair4 ,he w recomm5d !     
erection ( a dam ( ! be/ con/ruction to 
be put up ?is ye>4  ,cranbrook1 ,b4     
,c4--,! m9+ & g5]al indu/ries ( s\!a/   
,koot5ai w be vigor\sly /imulat$ by !   
fact t ,wiscons9 capital has n[ be5     
secur$ to put ?r\gh & fully equip !     
und]tak+ ( ! ,bull ,riv] ,p[] & ,light  
,company on ,bull ,riv]1 ne> ,=t ,/eele4

 ,! ent]prise involves ! production (   
ov] #aj1jjj horsep[] ( electrical en]gy 
f ! riv]4  ,lewi/on1 ,ida4--,developm5t 
( p[] on ! ,cle>wat] ,riv] at ,lewi/on  
is at la/ to become a reality4 ,"w has  
begun on a p[] plant )9 ! city limits ( 
,lewi/on1 :i* w ev5tually develop m ?an 
#ej1jjj horsep[]4 ,! ,nor? ,coa/ ,p[]   
,company1 repres5t$ 9 ?is field by      
,eng9e] ,frank ,mc,kean & ,george ,w4   
,tannahill1 is ! conc]n und]tak+ ! "w1 &
 x is und]/ood t ! p[] s develop$ is to 
be us$ = an ext5sive sy/em ( int]urban  
l9es connect+ ,lewi/on & vic9ity )      
,cl>k/on1 ,asot91 ,anatone1 ,clov]l&1 & 
,pom]oy1 & ext5d+ into ! ,craig ,m\nta9 
timb] belt & to ! cem5t1 lime1 & coal   
deposits on ! ,snake ,riv] above        
,lewi/on4  ,tacoma1 ,wa%4--,) ! grant+ (
 a fran*ise by ! c\nty commission]s to  
,donald ,flet*]1 ! electric p[] plant to
 be e/abli%$ on ! ,teanaway ,riv]1 at   
,cle ,elum1 9 ,kittitas ,c\nty1 is      
expect$ to be a reality4 ,! fran*ise    
calls = ! beg9n+ ( "w )9 two ye>s1 a    

completion ( "o-f\r? ( x 9 five ye>s1 & 
op]ation 9 t5 ye>s4 ,by ! fran*ise1     
p]mission is grant$ to ,mr4 ,flet*] to  
/r+ 8 electric cable along all ( ! roads
 9 ,pi]ce ,c\nty4 ,! l9e w also h to    
pass ?r\gh ,k+ & ,kittitas ,c\nties4    
,mr4 ,flet*]'s plan is to build 8 p[]   
plant bel[ ! gov]nm5t dam on ! ,teanaway
 ,riv]1 :]e he believes t at lea/       
#aaj1jjj horsep[] c be develop$4 ,!     
curr5t br\ght f ! riv] w be us$ 9       
supply+ light & p[] 9 ,buckley1         
,puyallup1 ,sumn]1 & ,tacoma1 & o!r     
cities 9 ,pi]ce & ,k+ ,c\nties1 accord+ 
to pres5t plans4   ,,electric           
,,railroads4  ,columbus1 ,mont4--,!re w 
be an electric railroad built betwe5    
,columbus & ,cooke ,city1 a di/ance (   
sixty miles1 & "w on ! proposition w    
comm5ce )9 ! next two mon?s4  ,hel5a1   
,mont4--,x is possible t ! ,hel5a ,light
 & ,railway ,company w exp5d #gj1jjj 9  
con/ruct+ a new c> l9e to ! fair gr\nds 
?is summ]1 & 9 pur*as+ c>s & equipm5t = 
h&l+ ! cr[ds :i* att5d ! annual ,/ate   

fair4  ,turn]1 ,ore4--,! ,oregon        
,electric has j f9i%$ its survey f      
,salem to ?is place1 & ,turn] p         
confid5tly expect an electric railroad 9
 a %ort "t4 ,!re is an impression t !   
road w cont9ue on s\? to ,albany or t a 
bran* l9e w be built ea/ into ! ,/ayton 
neighborhood4  ,okanogan1 ,wa%4--,!     
f9ancial aid ( ,engli% capitali/s1 :o w 
take ov] an issue ( #c1jjj1jjj 9 bonds  
at #he c5ts net1 practically has assur$ 
! con/ruction ( ! ,okanogan electric    
railway1 a road #ge miles long1 :i* w   
pass directly ?r\gh ! ,okanogan c\ntry1 
accord+ to ,a4 ,m4 ,dewey1 :o has (fices
 9 ! ,empire ,/ate ,build+1 ,spokane4   
,woodburn1 ,ore4--,a /&>d-gauge electric
 railroad w be built by ! ,valley       
,railway ,company f ,we/ ,woodburn to   
,woodburn1 ?ree miles1 & !nce ?r\gh     
,monitor to ,scotts ,mills1 & on up into
 ! foo?ills to ,wilhoit ,spr+s1 a heal? 
resort 9 ! ,cascades4 ,a bran* w be     
ext5d$ f ,monitor to ,silv]ton4         
,con/ruction "w w be comm5c$ ,may #ae4  

,portl&1 ,ore4--,an electric railway    
company organiz$ by ,portl& & ,seattle  
m5 w build a l9e f ,condon to ,b5d1     
cross+ ! ,john ,day ,riv] & secur+ p[] f
 t /ream1 also erect+ a dam #bjj feet   
high 9 ! ,des*utes ,riv] & develop+ p[] 
!re4 ,among ^? :o are eng9e]+ ! deal are
 ,dr4 ,h4 ,i4 ,ke5ey1 ,george ,c4       
,mason1 & ,m>k ,w4 ,gill4  ,p5dleton1   
,ore4--,an electric l9e f ,p5dleton to  
,irrigon1 t\*+ at ,e*o1 ,fo/]s1         
,h]mi/on1 & ,umatilla1 & tapp+ all t va/
 section ( c\ntry n[ be+ reclaim$ by !  
gov]nm5t & o!r private irrigation       
conc]ns1 is "o ( ! plans ( ,dr4 ,h4 ,w4 
,coe1 ( ,portl&1 :o is promot+ l&s "u ! 
,furni% project4 ,a prelim9>y survey has
 already be5 made4 ,! propos$ road w be 
a little m ?an #ej miles long4 ,x w also
 ev5tually be connect$ ) !              
,milton-,walla ,walla electric l9e4     
,,incorporation4  ,santa ,b>b>a4--,!    
,mont]ey ,oil & ,developm5t ,company has
 be5 incorporat$ ) a capital /ock (     
#ajj1jjj by ,santa ,m>ia p4             

,bak]sfield4--,! ,gold5 ,gate ,oil      
,company has be5 incorporat$ ) a        
capitalization ( #ejj1jjj4 ,! directors 
are ,e4 ,d4 ,gillette1 ,g4 ,r4 ,neill1  
,w4 ,h4 ,p4 ,mc,donald1 ,h4 ,lucas1 &   
,m4 ,s4 ,platz4  ,santa ,ana4--,articles
 ( incorporation h be5 fil$ by !        
,consolidat$ ,petroleum ,corporation4 ,!
 incorporators are ,a4 ,w4 ,casey1 ,k4  
,a4 ,snyd]1 ,james ,mc,donald1 & o!rs1  
all ( ,los ,angeles4 ,! corporation is  
capitaliz$ at #a1jjj1jjj4               
,mode/o4--,articles ( incorporation h   
be5 fil$ by ! ,tuolumne ,wat] & ,p[]    
,company4 ,! capital /ock is #a1jjj1jjj4
 ,! incorporators are ,w>r5 ,gregory &  
,h4 ,h4 ,rolfe1 ( ,san ,francisco2 ,geo4
 ,:ipple1 ( ,alam$a2 ,w9field ,dorn1 (  
,oakl&2 & ,j4 ,l4 ,lamson1 ( ,b]keley4  
,,transportation4  ,d\glas1             
,ariz4--,d\glas & ,bisbee are to be     
connect$ by an int]urban traction l9e1  
:i* is be+ project$ by ,co*ise ,c\nty   
capitali/s "u ! "n ( ! ,co*ise ,c\nty   
,electric ,railroad ,company4 ,! m5     

int]e/$ 9 ! project are ,james ,s4      
,d\glas1 ,w4 ,h4 ,brophy1 & ,george ,h4 
,neale4 ,! capital /ock is #ejj1jjj4    
,walla ,walla1 ,wa%4--,! ,c\nty         
,commission]s h grant$ a fran*ise to !  
,mt4 ,hood ,electric ,railway ,company  
to con/ruct & op]ate an electric railway
 along ! edge ( ! cemet]y4 ,! only      
condition atta*$ is t ! company />t     
con/ruction by ! fir/ ( ! ye> & h ! road
 complet$ by ,janu>y #a1 #aiaj4  ,los   
,angeles4--,! ,city ,c\ncil has pass$   
ord9ance #af1cbj1 grant+ ! ,los ,angeles
 ,railway ,company ! "r to con/ruct &1 =
 a p]iod ( #ba ye>s1 to op]ate & ma9ta9 
a d\ble-track electric /reet railroad1  
comm5c+ at ! int]section ( ,san ,p$ro & 
,?irtie? ,/reets1 !nce s\!rly along ,san
 ,p$ro ,/reet to its int]section ) ,s\? 
,p>k ,av5ue4  ,pasad5a4--,! ,city       
,c\ncil has agre$ to turn d[n ! reque/ (
 ! ,pacific ,electric ,company = a      
fran*ise f ,lake ,av5ue to ea/ city     
limits on ,cali=nia ,/reet & to turn d[n
 ! proposition ( ! company to vacate    

rights to build on sev]al /reets 9      
,pasad5a1 b vot$ to grant a fran*ise on 
,ea/ ,cali=nia ,/reet = a %ort /rip (   
railway betwe5 ,m5tor ,av5ue & ,t\rnam5t
 ,p>k1 :]e ! company has no fran*ise4   
,klama? ,falls1 ,ore4--,! ,klama? ,falls
 ,electric ,railway ,company is mak+    
arrangem5ts = ! ext5sion ( its /reet c> 
l9e ?is summ]4 ,c4 ,n4 ,hawk9s & ,w4 ,k4
 ,br[n1 directors ( ! company1 w        
sup]9t5d ! "w4 ,e4 ,r4 ,reames1 local   
manag]1 /ates t ! ,belt ,l9e w likely be
 complet$1 z negotiations are n[ "u way 
= en\gh /eel = ! entire circuit4 ,! old 
horse c> w be replac$ by "s k9d ( motor4
  ,portl&1 ,ore4--,! ann\ncem5t has be5 
made simultane\sly ) ! increase ( !     
capital /ock ( ! ,oregon ,electric      
,company f #b1jjj1jjj to #aj1jjj1jjj t !
 company w\ld beg9 actual con/ruction on
 ! fir/ ( #bhc miles ( ext5sion bran*es 
& lat]als to ! ,portl&-,salem electric  
l9e1 :i* 0 plac$ 9 op]ation )9 ! la/ few
 weeks4 ,! roads mapp$ out are f ,portl&
 to ,tillamook via ,hillsboro2 ,portl&  

to ,eug5e via ,corvallis2 ,salem to     
,mill ,city1 ,salem to ,dallas1 ,salem  
to ,albany1 & ,albany to ,cascadia4     
,woodl&4--,t4 ,c4 ,gregory1 presid5t ( !
 ,vallejo  ,nor!rn ,railroad1 /ates t he
 has tak5 up ! condemnation proce$+s    
aga9/ ! ,re$ ,or*>d ,company = ! l>ge   
tract ( l& :i* ! company wi%es to       
acquire opposite ,sacram5to4 ,! promot]s
 ( ! road say t !y n[ h all ! /rategic  
positions1 & a reque/ has be5 fil$ ) !  
attorney-g5]al = p]mission to br+ suit 9
 ! "n ( ! ,/ate aga9/ ! city (          
,sacram5to1 9 ord] to obta9 ! freight   
fran*ise 9 t city1 reg>d+ :i* "s tr\ble 
has be5 exp]i5c$4  ,portl&1 ,ore4--,an  
electric railway company has be5        
organiz$ by ,portl& & ,seattle          
capitali/s1 among !m be+ ,dr4 ,h4 ,i4   
,ke5y1 ,geo4 ,c4 ,mason1 & ,m>k ,w4     
,gill1 ) ,ea/]n capital also beh9d !m1 =
 ! purpose ( build+ an electric railway 
f ,condon to ,b5d1 cross+ ! ,john ,day  
,riv]4 ,a dam #bjj feet high w be erect$
 9 ! ,des*utes ,riv] & p[] develop$ !re4

 ,x is propos$ to tap ! coal field ne>  
,madras & s]ve ! ,oregon ,k+ gold m9e1  
controll$ by ,jack ,edw>ds1 ne> ,a%wood4
 ,! conc]n w be kn[n z ! ,portl&        
,con/ruction ,company4   ,,transmission4
  ,oroville4--,! new ,humbug ,valley p[]
 plant is b "o ( a numb] ( plants t !   
,oro ,wat]1 ,light & ,p[] ,company is   
prep>+ to con/ruct4                     
,plac]ville4--,james ,o',bri5 & ,rob]t  
,duncan h fil$ notice ( ! location &    
appropriation ( #e1jjj in*es ( wat] ( ! 
ma9 =k ( ! ,cosumnes ,riv]1 = p[]1 m9+1 
& irrigation4  ,lewi/on1                
,idaho4--,commission]s ,salsb]g & ,mill]
 h report$ favorably on ! application ( 
! ,nor? ,coa/ ,p[] ,company = a tract ( 
gr\nd ne> ! wat] plant = a p]iod ( ?ree 
ye>s1 to be us$ z a site = a p[] plant4 
,*ihuahua1 ,mex4--,! ,aguila ,amalgamat$
 ,m9+ ,company1 :i* has tak5 ov] eight  
prop]ties 9 ! ,ho/otipaquilla di/rict 9 
,jalisco1 is plann+ to erect an electric
 p[] plant on ,santiago ,riv]4 ,j4      
,burpee ,melly1 ( ,bo/on1 ,mass41 is    

presid5t ( ! company4  ,plac]ville4--,r4
 ,h4 ,/]l+1 manag] ( ! ,am]ican ,riv]   
,electric ,company1 is at ! company's   
p[]-h\se ne> ?is place to inspect !     
rec5t "w ( repairs :i* has be5 go+ on at
 ! p[]-h\se = ! pa/ two mon?s4 ,f\r     
,pelton wat] :eels h be5 in/all$ at a   
co/1 includ+ sett+1 ( #aj1jjj4 ,! new   
:eels h a capacity ( #f1jjj horsep[] &  
take ! place ( ^? plac$ five ye>s ago4  
,! l>ge swit*bo>d has also be5 receiv$ &
 o!r improvem5ts made4 ,assi/ant        
,sup]9t5d5t ,h4 ,mc,guirk & tw5ty-five  
m5 h be5 employ$ on ! job4  ,san        
,francisco4--,ag5ts ( ,e4 ,h4 ,h>riman h
 secur$ valuable wat] rights 9 ! ,si]ra 
,nevada & ,siskiy\ ,m\nta9s ( ,cali=nia 
at f\r /rategic po9ts4 ,h>riman is      
plann+ = ! future1 by means ( ^! wat]   
rights1 to g5]ate electric p[] = !      
movem5t ( ,s\!rn ,pacific tra9s on v>i\s
 sections ( its l9es4 ,! rights are     
locat$ 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,k]n ,c\nty1 ea/ ( 
,bak]sfield2 9 ,fresno ,c\nty1 ea/ (    
,fresno2 9 ,el ,dorado ,c\nty1 on !     

,rubicon ,riv]1 & on ! ,klama? ,riv]1 9 
,siskiy\ ,c\nty4 ,x is /at$ t fully     
#ae1jjj1jjj ultimately w be sp5t 9      
develop+ p[] at ^! po9ts4 ,! p[] g5]at$ 
on ! ,rubicon ,riv] w op]ate ,s\!rn     
,pacific tra9s betwe5 ,sacram5to & ,r5o1
 ,nevada4 ,:5 ?is electric p[] plant is 
complet$1 ,h>riman w h f9i%$ 8 propos$  
#ce1jjj-;foot tunnel 9 ! ,si]ra ,nevada 
,m\nta9s4   ,,illum9ation4              
,port]ville4--,z4 ,g4 ,peck1 repres5t+ !
 firm ( ,b5nison  ,bruntion1 ,los       
,angeles contractors1 has ask$ = a      
fran*ise to lay gas pipes & ma9s4       
,portl&1 ,ore4--,! ,c\nty ,commission]s 
h grant$ a fran*ise to ,c4 ,l4 ,prit*>d 
= an electric light sy/em complete = !  
t[n ( ,wa%\gal4  ,ea/ ,newport4--,te/ "w
 has comm5c$ on ! natural gas locations 
9 ! big asphaltum b$s j across ! bay f  
?is po9t1 :i* 7 fil$ on rec5tly by ,w4  
,w4 ,wilson1 ,p4 ,t4 ,evans1 & ,ar*ie   
,%>pe1 ( ,riv]side1 & ,lew ,w4 ,wallace1
 ( ,newport4 ,if ! supply ( natural gas 
is f\nd to be suffici5tly l>ge to w>rant

 x1 a plant w be e/abli%$ & pipe l9es w 
be run to ,newport & ,ea/ ,newport =    
light+ & cook+ purposes4