by ,cornell ,university ,digital ,collections7 ,,double ,,number4 ,,see ,,fourth ,,page ,,cover4 ,illustration3 ,volume ,,xxxvi4 ,,december1 #ahhb4 ,,no4 #ab4 ,the ,american ,missionary 8,,they ,,are ,,rising ,,all ,,are ,,rising1 ,,the ,,black ,,and ,,white ,,together0 ,,new ,,york3 ,published by the ,american ,missionary ,association1 ,rooms1 #ef ,reade ,street4 ,price1 #ej ,cents a ,year1 in ,advance4 ,entered at the ,post-,office at ,new ,york1 ,n4,y41 as second-class matter4 ,,contents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,page4 ,,editorials4 ,,paragraph--,financial ,outlook4 #cec ,,abstract ,,of ,,proceedings ,,at ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting4 #ced ,,summary ,,of ,,the ,,annual ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,treasurer4 #ceg ,,general ,,survey4 #cei ,,freedmen4 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,educational ,,work4 #cfi ,,higher ,,education ,,of ,,the ,,negro4 ,pres4 ,e4 ,m4 ,cravath4 #cgj ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,church ,,work4 #cgb ,,remarks ,,of ,,rev4 ,c4 ,o4 ,,brown4 #cgd ,,africa4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 #cge ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee ,,on ,,proposed ,,exchange ,,of ,,missions4 #cgf ,,the ,,indians4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 #cgg ,,work ,,and ,,duty ,,in ,,the ,,east4 ,gen4 ,s4 ,c4 ,armstrong4 #cgh ,,the ,,chinese4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 #chj ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,,james ,,brand1 ,d4,d4 #cha ,,miscellaneous4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee ,,on ,,finance4 #chc ,,petition ,,of ,,president ,,ware ,,and ,,others4 #chd ,,exchange ,,of ,,missions4 ,by ,secretary ,strieby4 #che ,,addresses ,,at ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting4 ,,president ,,hays' ,,address4 #cia ,,address ,,of ,,president ,a4 ,d4 ,,white4 #cie ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,a4 ,g4 ,,haygood1 ,d4,d4 #cii ,,from ,,address ,,of ,,gen4 ,c4 ,b4 ,,fisk4 #djf ,,from ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,a4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,behrends4 #djg ,,relation ,,of ,,the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 ,,to ,,civilization1 ,by ,rev4 ,f4 ,l4 ,kenyon4 #dji ,,dedication ,,of ,,livingstone ,,missionary ,,hall4 #daj ,,receipts4 #daa 99 99 99 99 99 ,american ,missionary ,association1 #ef ,,reade ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,president1 ,,hon4 ,,wm4 ,b4 ,,washburn1 ,mass4 ,,corresponding ,,secretary4 ,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,,strieby4 ,d4,d41 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,n4,y4 ,,treasurer4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,esq41 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,n4,y4 ,,district ,,secretaries4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,woodworth1 ,boston4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,pike1 ,d4,d41 ,new ,york4 ,rev4 ,james ,powell1 ,chicago4 ,,communications relating ,to the work of the ,association may be addressed to the ,corresponding ,secretary2 those ,relating ,to the collecting fields1 to the ,district ,secretaries2 letters for the ,editor of the 8,american ,missionary10 to ,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,pike1 ,d4,d41 at the ,new ,york ,office4 ,,donations ,,and ,,subscriptions may be sent to ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,treasurer1 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,new ,york1 or1 when more convenient1 to either of the ,branch ,offices1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,woodworth1 ,dist4 ,sec41 #ba ,congregational ,house1 ,boston1 ,mass41 or ,rev4 ,james ,powell1 ,dist4 ,sec41 #aab ,west ,washington ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,a payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a ,life ,member4 ,letters relating to boxes and barrels of clothing may be addressed to the persons above named4 ,,form ,,of ,a ,,bequest4 8,i ,,bequeath to my executor 7or executors7 the sum of ------ dollars1 in trust1 to pay the same in ------ days after my decease to the person who1 when the same is payable1 shall act as ,treasurer of the #8,american ,missionary ,association' of ,new ,york ,city1 to be applied1 under the direction of the ,executive ,committee of the ,association1 to its charitable uses and purposes40 ,the ,will should be attested by three witnesses4 ,the ,annual ,report of the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 contains the ,constitution of the ,association and ,by-,laws of the ,executive ,committee4 ,a copy will be sent free on application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,,american ,,missionary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vol4 ,,xxxvi4 ,,december1 #ahhb4 ,no4 #ab4 99 99 99 99 99 ,american ,missionary ,association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the annual meeting of this ,association was held in ,plymouth ,church1 ,cleveland1 ,o41 ,oct4 #bd-bf1 and was one of great interest4 ,in this number of the ,,missionary we have endeavored to give a glimpse of what was said and done4 ,for want of space1 almost nothing is published entire except the reports of the committees4 ,for ,dr4 ,goodell's sermon on 8,more ,power from ,christ for the ,world's ,larger ,needs10 ,dr4 ,ward's paper on 8,caste in ,education10 ,dr4 ,noble's on 8,god's ,way of ,vindicating ,brotherhood0 and ,dr4 ,roy's on 8,the ,new ,south10 we must for the present refer our readers to ,the ,advance of ,november #b;d4 ,the papers read before the ,women's ,meeting by ,mrs4 ,andrews1 ,miss ,cahill and ,miss ,hamilton are reserved for mention in the ,january ,,missionary4 ,the addresses given by ,dr4 ,gregory1 ,dr4 ,rust and ,mr4 ,beard1 representing the ,baptist1 the ,methodist and the ,society of ,friends may be used in compiling a pamphlet relating to the work done among the freedmen4 ,other addresses or papers may also be given in pamphlet form4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,financial ,,outlook4 ,that part of the report of the ,committee on ,finances at our ,annual ,meeting which says3 8,more ample facilities for church and educational work bring with them larger demands for funds1 so that simply to preserve its efficiency in fields already occupied1 the ,association requires an annual increase in contributions10 will be readily appreciated by all who are accustomed to study the laws of growth4 ,every new building either for school or church purposes2 every additional scholar1 whether among the ,negroes1 ,indians or ,chinese2 every church and school organized1 calls for enlarged expenditures4 ,the recommendation at ,cleveland that #ej1jjj be added to the current income of the ,association for general uses during the next fiscal year is based on sound business principles4 ,it is not one dollar more than will be required to give the greatest efficiency to our operations4 ,as in the past1 so in the future we must have1 if we do what is pressing to be done1 money for special purposes4 #a4 ,the church work1 that has grown so steadily under our care1 requires #aj1jjj for enlargement the coming year4 #b4 ,the work contemplated among the ,indians1 in addition to that carried on by us during the past year1 will also require at least #bj1jjj4 #c4 ,we have purchased fourteen acres of land at ,little ,rock1 ,ark41 for a site for the ,edward ,smith college1 and need #be1jjj in addition to the amount pledged to provide the buildings needful4 #d4 ,we need a new dormitory at ,austin1 ,tex4 ,allen ,hall was crowded to its utmost the day the present school year was opened1 and among the first duties of the teachers was the painful one of turning needy students away4 ,the committee at ,cleveland1 in urging that #cge1jjj be raised for the coming year1 observes that1 8,while the receipts for the past two years have been more than #ajj1jjj larger than in the two years next preceding them1 the expense of raising and disbursing these funds and managing the affairs of the ,association has increased less than #djj per annum1 thus showing that the ,association is fully equipped for a much larger work without additional cost for the machinery of administration40 ,we never were in such good condition to do the work we have in hand so economically1 wisely and successfully as at present1 and there never was a time when the welfare of the nation and the cause of ,christ were more fruitful with promise4 ,the voice of the whole people1 ,north1 ,south1 ,east and ,west1 is calling upon us to go forward with renewed strength4 ,shall we have the means needful8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,abstract ,,of ,,proceedings ,,at ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting4 ,the thirty-sixth ,annual ,meeting of the ,american ,missionary ,association was held in ,plymouth ,church1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 on ,tuesday1 ,wednesday and ,thursday1 ,october #bdth to #bfth1 #ahhb4 ,promptly at three o'clock ,tuesday afternoon1 the meeting of the ,association was called to order by the ,president1 ,hon4 ,william ,b4 ,washburn1 of ,massachusetts4 ,devotional services were conducted by ,prof4 ,john ,morgan1 of ,oberlin1 after which ,gov4 ,washburn1 on assuming the chair for the first time1 said3 8,i appear before you on this occasion with feelings of a mixed character2 partly painful1 partly pleasing--painful when ,i reflect that your expectations in regard to the presiding officer whom you have lately selected probably never will be realized2 pleasing--doubly pleasing--to remember that ,i have received the support of so distinguished an organization as has invited me to preside over its deliberations4 8,let me1 then1 first of all1 thank you for the honor conferred1 and assure you that no effort of mine shall be wanting to meet the demands of the occasion4 8,i know full well the many trials and difficulties which this ,society has been called upon to pass through in the past4 ,your labors have been for the most part among the neglected and despised races of our country4 ,society rests upon selfish principles4 ,men respect the honored and the elevated1 not the despised and the down-trodden4 ,hence a great portion of the labors of this organization has been unknown and uncared-for by the great majority of mankind2 and yet it is in the midst of such degradation that we get the brightest glimpses of ,christianity1 the widest and broadest views of humanity4 ,the aspect to-day which we witness of endeavoring to raise even the lowest masses of mankind into intellectual1 moral and spiritual dignity1 never was broader than at the present hour4 ,take courage1 then1 and feel that your labors have not been in vain4 ,the success which has attended your efforts during the past year1 the wonderful increase of the means which have been provided this organization by an enlarged constituency1 the bright aspect of the future1 ought to strengthen the hands and encourage the hearts of all who are interested in this organization to make greater sacrifices1 if need be1 in the future than have ever been made in the past4 8,every true citizen1 every real patriot ought to feel to-day a special interest in the prosperity and the success of this ,society4 8,it has been well said that essential to the perpetuity of our republican institutions are two conditions3 ,popular intelligence and popular morality4 ,in other words1 in order that free institutions may be preserved1 there must be general intelligence and sound morals4 ,hence1 two institutions are essential--schools and ,christian churches4 ,free institutions without intelligence can exist only in name4 ,it is moral1 not physical ills which we have to fear4 ,while the people themselves remain pure no human force can prevail against them4 8,when four millions of slaves were suddenly set free the great problem to solve was1 what shall we do with them8 ,to-day each vote of those individuals counts as much in the ballot-box as the vote of the most distinguished and intelligent citizen in the land4 ,would we preserve1 therefore1 and hand down to our children those institutions which were entrusted to our charge by our fathers1 and which have been shedding on us blessings to which all other nations are perfect strangers1 then we must educate and ,christianize these millions of new-born citizens4 ,i honor this organization especially to-day because it has done more than all other instrumentalities1 perhaps1 combined to bring about this grand result4 ,let no one1 then1 be discouraged or falter at the magnitude of the work2 for1 if we rise to the level of our opportunity1 if we are true to ourselves1 victory will sooner or later be ours40 ,rev4 ,george ,r4 ,merrill1 of ,ohio1 was then elected ,secretary1 and ,rev4 ,s4 ,m4 ,newman1 of ,wisconsin1 ,assistant ,secretary4 ,the ,treasurer1 ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,esq41 then read his report1 which was referred to the ,committee on ,finance4 ,the annual report of the ,executive ,committee of the ,association was presented by ,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,strieby1 ,d4,d41 ,corresponding ,secretary of the ,society1 and its several portions were referred to appropriate committees4 ,after the appointment of the various committees1 the remainder of the session was devoted to prayer and conference1 led by ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,woodworth1 ,district ,secretary of the ,association4 ,this season of prayer derived special interest from the fact that the same hour was observed by the workers throughout the field4 ,tuesday evening1 after devotional services1 led by ,rev4 ,arthur ,little1 ,d4,d41 of ,chicago1 the annual sermon was preached by ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,goodell1 ,d4,d41 of ,st4 ,louis1 from the text1 ,matthew #bh3ah1 the theme being 8,more ,power from ,christ for the ,world's ,larger ,needs40 ,after the sermon1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,twichell1 ,d4,d41 presented an address of welcome in behalf of the churches and people of ,cleveland4 ,the observance of the ,lord's ,supper followed1 at which ,rev4 ,t4 ,m4 ,post1 ,d4,d41 of ,st4 ,louis1 and ,president ,j4 ,h4 ,fairchild1 ,d4,d41 of ,oberlin1 presided4 ,wednesday morning the prayer meeting was conducted by ,rev4 ,h4 ,l4 ,hubbell1 of ,new ,york4 ,at the opening of the regular session at nine o'clock1 the report of the ,committee on the ,revision of the ,constitution of the ,association was presented by ,rev4 ,george ,m4 ,boynton1 of ,massachusetts4 ,a general discussion followed1 in which the speakers were limited to ten minutes each1 and which was closed promptly at half-past ten o'clock4 ,on motion1 the report was made the order for two o'clock in the afternoon4 ,rev4 ,f4 ,l4 ,kenyon1 of ,iowa1 read a paper on 8,the ,relation of the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 to ,civilization40 ,gen4 ,s4 ,c4 ,armstrong1 of ,hampton1 ,va41 read a paper on 8,the ,indian ,problem10 which was followed by a few remarks from ,father ,potter1 of ,ohio1 formerly for about twenty years a missionary among the ,cherokee ,indians4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,ward1 ,d4,d41 of ,new ,york1 read a paper on 8,caste in ,education40 ,after the opening of the ,wednesday afternoon session with prayer1 the order of the day was taken up and the report of the ,committee on the ,constitution was referred to a special committee of thirteen1 to reconsider the whole subject1 and report at the next ,annual ,meeting1 after having obtained an expression of opinion from each of the ,state ,congregational organizations4 ,an invitation was presented to the ,association from ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,d4 ,p4 ,eells to visit ,oakwood on ,friday morning1 which was received with an expression of thanks4 ,rev4 ,f4 ,a4 ,noble1 ,d4,d41 of ,illinois1 read a paper on 8,god's way of vindicating ,brotherhood40 ,the report of the ,committee on ,african ,missions was presented by ,rev4 ,m4 ,mc,g4 ,dana1 ,d4,d41 of ,minnesota4 ,rev4 ,henry ,m4 ,ladd1 ,d4,d41 of ,new ,york1 using a large map1 gave an account of his recent extended missionary explorations on the ,upper ,nile4 ,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,strieby1 ,d4,d41 ,secretary of the ,association1 read a ,paper in regard to the proposed exchange of ,missions with the ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,f4 ,m41 and a special committee was appointed to which the paper was referred4 ,rev4 ,james ,brand1 ,d4,d41 of ,ohio1 presented the report of the ,committee on ,chinese ,missions4 ,wednesday evening1 after opening with devotional exercises1 ,rev4 ,a4 ,g4 ,haygood1 ,d4,d41 of ,georgia1 delivered an interesting address1 followed by addresses from ,gen4 ,clinton ,b4 ,fisk1 of ,new ,york1 and ,rev4 ,a4 ,j4 ,f4 ,behrends1 ,d4,d41 of ,rhode ,island4 ,thursday morning the prayer-meeting was led by ,rev4 ,moses ,smith1 of ,michigan4 ,the business session was opened with prayer by ,prof4 ,a4 ,h4 ,currier1 of ,oberlin1 after which ,rev4 ,w4 ,e4 ,brooks1 ,president of ,tillotson ,institute1 ,texas1 presented the claims of the work there4 ,the report on ,indian ,missions was presented by ,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,ross1 ,d4,d41 of ,michigan4 ,prof4 ,g4 ,f4 ,wright1 of ,ohio1 next presented the report on the ,educational ,work at the ,south1 and was followed by ,mr4 ,b4 ,f4 ,ousley1 a graduate of ,fisk ,university1 who spoke upon the report1 and also by ,prof4 ,a4 ,salisbury1 the recently appointed superintendent of the educational work of the ,association4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,m4 ,cravath1 ,president of ,fisk ,university1 read a paper on 8,higher ,education40 ,rev4 ,arthur ,little1 ,d4,d41 of ,chicago1 presented the report of the ,committee on ,church ,work1 which was followed by addresses from ,rev4 ,c4 ,o4 ,brown and ,mr4 ,geo4 ,w4 ,moore1 a graduate of ,fisk ,university4 ,the ,woman's ,missionary ,meeting was held at nine o'clock ,thursday morning in the chapel of the church1 when papers were read by ,mrs4 ,g4 ,w4 ,andrews1 of ,talladega1 ,ala41 ,miss ,annie ,cahill1 of ,nashville1 ,tenn41 and ,miss ,hamilton1 of ,memphis1 ,tenn4 ,thursday afternoon the session was opened with devotional exercises4 ,the ,committee on the proposed transfer of missions reported1 through ,rev4 ,m4 ,mc,g4 ,dana1 ,d4,d41 of ,minnesota1 favoring the general plan1 but making it a condition that the interests of the work already in hand be not sacrificed1 and with this condition referring the whole subject to the ,executive ,committee of the ,association1 with power4 ,the report was accepted and adopted4 ,a petition was presented by ,president ,ware1 of ,atlanta ,university1 requesting the appointment of a committee to define the policy of the ,association with reference to its work among the different races1 which was referred to the ,executive ,committee4 ,the officers of the ,association were re-elected for the ensuing year4 ,addresses were then made by ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,gregory1 ,d4,d41 of ,washington1 ,d4,c41 representing the work of the ,baptists at the ,south1 and by ,rev4 ,r4 ,s4 ,rust1 ,d4,d41 of ,ohio1 representing the ,methodists1 and by ,elkanah ,beard1 representing the ,friends in the same field4 ,these brethren were received in a spirit of cordial fellowship and co-operation4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,roy1 ,d4,d41 ,field ,superintendent of the ,association1 read a paper on 8,the ,new ,south40 ,the concluding address of the session was made by ,secretary ,strieby1 representing the work of the ,congregational churches at the ,south4 ,the report of the ,finance ,committee was presented by ,j4 ,g4 ,w4 ,cowles1 ,esq4 ,thursday evening a mass meeting was held in the ,tabernacle4 ,the music was furnished by a choir of seventy-five voices from ,oberlin1 under the leadership of ,prof4 ,f4 ,b4 ,rice4 ,after devotional exercises1 addresses were made upon 8,the ,national ,problem of ,southern ,education10 by ex-,president ,r4 ,b4 ,hayes1 of ,ohio3 ,president ,a4 ,d4 ,white1 of ,cornell ,university1 and by ,hon4 ,j4 ,l4 ,m4 ,curry1 of ,virginia4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,pike1 ,d4,d41 in behalf of the ,association1 tendered a resolution of thanks to the churches and people of ,cleveland for their hospitality1 and to the committees1 pastors1 choir and railroads for their kindness in contributing to the success of the meetings4 ,it was the prevailing feeling that the meeting at ,cleveland was1 on the whole1 a great success4 ,although there were other attractions which drew many away1 yet the attendance was large1 and at the closing session there were over three thousand present4 ,the weather was fine1 the papers presented of a high order1 and the interest from beginning to end unabated4 ,nothing was lacking in the way of preparation1 and with the impetus of this meeting resting upon it1 the ,association takes courage and looks forward to another year of work with renewed faith and hope4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,summary ,,of ,,the ,,annual ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,treasurer ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,missionary ,,association ,,for ,,the ,,year ,,ending ,,sept4 #cjth1 #ahhb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,receipts4 ,from ,churches1 ,sabbath-schools1 ,missionary ,societies and ,individuals #ahf1aff4fb ,from ,estates and ,legacies #gh1fab4dg ,from ,income4 ,sundry ,funds #g1gja4jd ,from ,tuition and ,public ,funds #bd1djj4bb ,from ,rents1 ,southern ,property #gjd4aj ----------------------#big1ehd4de ,balance on hand ,sept4 #cjth1 #ahha #eah4hj ---------------------- #bih1ajc4be ,,expenditures4 ,the ,south4 ,for ,church and ,educational ,work1 ,lands1 ,buildings1 etc4 #bcj1gcc4jg ,the ,chinese4 ,for ,superintendent1 ,teachers1 ,rent1 etc4 #ab1ded4de ,the ,indians4 ,for ,missionaries and ,student ,aid #b1jbj4jj ,foreign ,missions4 ,mendi ,mission3 ,for ,superintendent1 ,missionaries1 ,supplies1 etc4 #i1edh4gj ,for ,john ,brown ,steamer1 amt4 transferred #g1jjb4dc ,jamaica ,mission3 ,for support of aged ,missionary #bej4jj ,publication ,account4 ,for ,american ,missionary 7#bb1jjj ,monthly71 ,annual ,reports 7#a1ejj71 ,circulars1 ,clerk ,hire1 ,postage1 etc4 #i1jdc4ch ,cost of ,collecting ,funds4 ,,boston ,,office4 ,for ,salary ,rev4 ,g4 ,l4 ,woodworth1 ,dist4 ,sec4 #b1ejj4jj ,for ,salary ,rev4 ,lewis ,grout1 ,agent #ijj4jj ,for ,traveling ,expenses of ,dist4 ,sec4 and ,agent #fac4ba ,for ,clerk ,hire1 ,rent1 ,printing1 ,postage1 etc4 #a1fbh4bg ---------------- #e1fda4dh ,,chicago ,,office4 ,for ,salary ,rev4 ,james ,powell1 ,dist4 ,sec4 #b1ejj4jj ,for ,traveling ,expenses #edj4af ,for ,clerk ,hire1 ,postage1 ,stationery1 etc4 #gjj4bj ---------------- #c1gdj4cf ,,middle ,,district4 ,for ,salary ,rev4 ,o4 ,d4 ,pike1 ,d4,d41 ,dist4 ,sec4 #b1ejj4jj ,for ,salary ,rev4 ,o4 ,h4 ,white1 ,d4,d41 ,special ,work #cee4jj ,for ,trav4 ,expenses1 ,printing1 ,postage1 etc4 #agh4gj ---------------- #c1jcc4gj ,cost of ,administration4 ,for ,salary ,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,strieby1 ,d4,d41 ,cor4 ,sec4 #c1ejj4jj ,for ,clerk ,hire for ,cor4 ,sec4 #a1gbj4jj ,for ,salary of ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,treas4 #b1ejj4jj ,for ,clerk ,hire #a1bjj4jj ,for ,rent1 ,stationery1 ,printing1 ,furniture1 ,janitor1 ,expressage1 ,postage1 ,trav4 ,ex41 etc4 #c1ccf4ii ---------------- #ab1bef4ii ,miscellaneous4 ,for ,expenses in settlement of ,legacies #aeg4be ,for ,expenses of ,annual ,meeting #eae4ia ,for ,amounts paid ,annuitants1 balance #hej4hf ,for ,amounts refunded1 sent ,treas4 by mistake #fd4hd #a1ehh4hf ---------------------- #big1cac4db ,balance in hand ,sept4 #cjth1 #ahhb #ghi4hc ----------------------#bih1ajc4be ,endowment ,funds received1 #ahha-hb4 ,president's ,chair4 ,talladega ,college #ae1jjj4jj ,graves' ,theo4 ,scholarships1 for ,talladega ,college #e1jjj4jj ,belden ,scholarship1 ,bond of ,oregon ,short-,line ,railway ,co41 for ,talladega ,college #a1jjj4jj ,fisk ,university ,scholarship1 ,note of ,gen4 ,c4 ,b4 ,fisk #ejj4jj ,statement of ,arthington ,mission ,fund1 for ,africa4 ,balance in hand ,sept4 #cjth1 #ahha #be1dgg4ec ,received from ,oct4 #a1 #ahha1 to ,sept4 #cj1 #ahhb #e1agb4ib ------------------ #cj1fej4de ,amount expended #i1bhj4ec ,balance in hand ,sept4 #cj1 #ahha #ba1cfi4ib ------------------ #cj1fej4de ,statement of ,stone ,fund4 ,balance in hand ,sept4 #cj1 #ahha #gb1hfh4jc ,income in part #fee4dg ------------------ #gc1ebc4ej ,expended as follows3 ,fisk ,university1 ,livingstone ,missionary ,hall1 balance #cg1ebc4ej ,atlanta ,university1 ,stone ,hall1 in part #be1jha4cj ------------------ #fb1fjd4hj ,balance in hand #aj1iah4gj ------------------ #gc1ebc4ej ,,recapitulation4 ,american ,missionary ,association1 ,current ,fund #big1ehd4de ,endowments for ,talladega ,college #ba1jjj4jj ,endowment for ,fisk ,university #ejj4jj ,arthington ,fund1 appropriated and used during the year #i1bhj4ec ,stone ,fund1 appropriated and used during the year #fb1fjd4hj -------------------- #cij1ifi4gh ,the receipts of ,berea ,college1 ,hampton ,n4 and ,a4 ,institute1 and ,state appropriation of ,georgia to ,atlanta ,university1 are added below1 as presenting at one view the contributions of the same constituency for the general work in which the ,association is engaged3 ,american ,missionary ,association #cij1ifi4gh ,berea ,college #bc1agi4jj ,hampton ,n4 and ,a4 ,institute 7beside amount through ,a4 ,m4 ,a47 #hg1hfe4af ,atlanta ,university #h1jjj4jj -------------------- #eaj1aac4id 99 99 99 99 99 ,,general ,,survey4 ,,freedmen4 ,these our fellow-citizens are proving the wisdom of the ,government in putting upon them the responsibilities of the elective franchise as at once their defense and their process of education4 ,taking into account their own aspiration and the force put beneath them by the scheme of ,christian schools1 we should expect1 as we find1 a tremendous uplift among them4 ,in this we have assurance as to the future1 provided the appliances be worked with increasing vigor4 ,there is in this matter no halting place for the nation4 ,we must lift them up1 or they will drag us down4 ,as one of these helping forces1 we come to our own ,educational ,work4 ,our system of schools during the year has been working with its full force1 and its appliances have been materially extended4 ,the large additions made to our accommodations provided the year before were at once taxed to their utmost1 thus proving that our appreciation of the necessity was correct1 and that our appeal for the extension had not been made too soon nor too strong4 ,and the enlargement secured during this closing year is now met with the response1 8we1 too1 are full to overflowing40 ,of the buildings put up the year before1 the two dormitories at ,hampton1 one for ,indian and one for colored youth1 have had no empty rooms2 at the ,atlanta ,university1 the wing built to the ,girls' ,hall by the ,stone ,fund did not have capacity enough for the overflow of the main structure2 the ,strieby ,hall at ,tougaloo1 brought to completion and dedicated since the opening of the year1 had to be supplemented in an extempore way2 the ,stone ,hall at ,talladega for boys was filled2 the ,stone ,hall at ,new ,orleans for girls1 and for the family of teachers1 was only opened to find the need of a boys' hall2 and the ,tillotson ,institute at ,austin1 turning the ends of halls into apartments1 calls loudly for another building4 ,during this year1 at the ,fisk ,university1 the ,livingstone ,missionary ,hall has been brought to completion and furnished1 providing dormitories for #aba male students1 also a chapel1 library and recitation rooms4 ,the total cost1 #fj1jjj1 came from the ,stone ,fund4 ,this structure1 which1 in its name1 embraces the highest idea of the greatest ,african explorer1 is next ,monday to come to its dedication1 and some of our friends are to go hence to participate in that service--the address to be delivered by ,professor ,northrop1 of ,yale ,college4 ,at the ,atlanta ,university1 the ,stone ,hall1 as the central building of the group1 has been erected at an expense of #dj1jjj1 and will soon be ready for occupancy4 ,greatly commodious1 and comely enough to relieve the plainness of the halls on either side1 it will furnish a chapel1 library1 reading room and recitation rooms4 ,this structure1 as well as the ,stone ,halls at ,nashville1 ,talladega and ,new ,orleans1 has had the wise supervision of ,prof4 ,t4 ,n4 ,chase1 who has occupied1 meantime1 his favorite chair of ,greek1 and who1 as a builder1 has shown the rare gift of always keeping within his appropriations4 ,at ,macon1 ,ga41 to the ,lewis ,high ,school we have built a two-room 8annex10 to which also was added a wing for the library which is there growing up4 ,at ,athens1 ,ga41 our ,knox ,institute has been renovated1 and in it a chapel fitted up for the new church4 ,at ,mobile1 ,ala41 our ,emerson ,institute1 that had been burned the second time1 has been rebuilt upon an enlarged scale1 and at an expense not far beyond the insurance money4 ,at ,talladega1 the ,president's house has been finished1 and two cottages on land adjoining our premises have been bought for the use of two of our mission families1 one of them being named after ,mr4 ,seth ,wadhams1 of ,chicago1 who gave the #a1ejj for the purchase4 ,at ,marion1 a house was built for a parish school4 ,at ,athens1 the ,trinity ,school ,building to accommodate #aej scholars and the family of teachers1 has been completed at a cost to the ,association of #h1jjj4 ,for this the colored people themselves made the needed two hundred thousand brick1 mixing the clay by the tramp of their one small steer1 and they have their proportionate interest in the property4 ,at the laying of the corner stone1 the local editor1 the ,postmaster and the ,principal of the ,ladies' ,seminary of the place1 made appreciative addresses1 and ,miss ,wells had her ,jubilee4 ,in ,little ,rock1 ,ark41 at a cost of #e1ejj1 we have bought and fenced a tract of #ad acres1 overlooking that city1 as a site for the ,edward ,smith ,college1 which has been chartered by the ,state1 being so named from a gentleman in ,massachusetts who gave the money to buy the land1 and who to a surplus now in hand intends to add enough to make his donation #ai1jjj4 ,this institution is greatly needed in that grandly opening ,state1 where there is1 as yet1 no provision for the higher education of the colored people4 ,this last planting will about complete our circle of ,state institutions4 ,at ,fayetteville1 ,ark41 our ,howard ,school ,building has been overhauled1 and in it we have re-opened our own school4 ,so at ,lexington1 ,ky41 we have refitted our ,high ,school ,building1 and have resumed our own school1 the city for the last six years having had the use of the house4 ,at ,camp ,nelson1 the trustees of the ,academy are erecting a new three-story building under the lead of the ,rev4 ,john ,g4 ,fee4 ,at the ,south we count #h chartered institutions1 #aa high and normal schools1 and #ch common schools--in all #eg4 ,during the year we have employed #bda teachers1 an increase over the last year of #aa4 ,of these1 #ac have performed the duties of matrons and #ae have been engaged in the business departments4 ,the number of students has been #i1fjh1 a gain of #ejj over last year4 ,of these1 #gb have been in the theological department1 #bh in the law1 #ajd in the collegiate1 #aci in the preparatory1 #b1edb in the normal1 #a1ajc in the grammar1 #b1ahe in the intermediate1 and #c1dha in the primary4 ,the theological departments at ,howard1 ,talladega and ,straight have been doing their good work in training upon the ground just the sort of men who are needed for the peculiar work to be done4 ,fisk ,university has three of its graduates in the study of theology at ,oberlin1 and one in a divinity school at ,yale4 ,the law department of the ,straight1 with a faculty made up of five of the best lawyers in ,new ,orleans1 has had #bj students1 who are of both races1 and who1 upon their diplomas1 by the statute1 are admitted to the bar of all the courts of the ,state4 ,we are pushing more and more the lines of industrial training4 ,the two farms at ,talladega and ,tougaloo have this year been put into better shape than ever before4 ,tougaloo raises fine fruits for the ,chicago market and fine stock for the surrounding country4 ,both raise much of the beef and pork and vegetables for their own use4 ,atlanta ,university is pushing fine gardening1 teaching the girls of the senior class cookery1 and is planning to go into a school of carpentry4 ,the ,fisk1 this year1 under a trained hospital nurse1 introduces hygienics and cookery4 ,the ,le ,moyne1 at ,memphis1 teaches cooking1 nursing and sewing4 ,all of our boarding-schools require a certain amount of work4 ,the ,storrs school1 in ,atlanta1 has opened this fall a genuine kindergarten under an expert teacher4 ,the ,avery ,institute1 at ,charleston1 is going into the same1 with training also in the use of tools4 ,but to all intellectual and secular training there needs to be added moral and religious cultivation4 ,this is kept as our steady aim4 ,no teacher is sent out who is not in fellowship with some church1 and who does not profess to be actuated in going by a missionary spirit4 ,the large number of conversions1 the frequent revivals in these institutions1 and the developed fruit of good living1 attest the fidelity of these missionary teachers4 ,the judgment day alone can reveal the influence of these consecrated workers1 the most of whom are women1 upon the life and character of the multitude of youth who have been under their care4 ,the pupils are watched over in the class-room1 in the place of religious assembly1 and out of school hours4 ,they are invited to private conferences for the correction of habits and views1 and there the concerns of the soul are considered2 scholars are prayerfully followed up even into vacation by correspondence1 until not a few in these ways are led to ,christ and into ,his church4 ,the most of our young men1 who are examined for entering the ministry1 in giving their religious history1 trace it back to the time when they were led to the ,saviour by some of their teachers1 whose richest reward it must be to see these young men coming into the ministry with ample equipment largely through their own influence4 ,women's work for women is the modern discovery of missions4 ,of those who go abroad1 their work is largely that of teaching4 ,our lady workers1 of whom we have #bjj1 besides the #dj in ,howard1 ,hampton and ,berea1 who are reckoned as teachers1 are usually missionaries as really as those who go abroad1 or go ,south under that title4 ,of this last class of workers1 of whom we have twelve1 there are some who are very apostles in the garb of womanly delicacy4 ,they teach mothers and daughters things which belong to their sex2 they lead to the tidiness and comfort of home2 they gather the maternal meetings and lead in the same2 they labor in revivals2 they become assistant pastors1 being often1 as the young pastors testify1 their own best teachers and guides4 ,the soldiers of the ,union are worthy of all the praise and the gratitude they have received1 but here has been a small army of heroines1 who1 forgetful of the best chances1 came after the pomp of war1 to serve not for three years1 but for ten1 twelve1 fifteen1 seventeen years1 growing gray by work and by the anxieties and privations of the field1 breaking down in health and wearing out their lives1 ostracised and despised by those about them1 who ought to have given sympathy and succor1 and not sustained as they should have been at home1 of whom the world is not worthy1 but who must have a large place in the heart of ,him1 who1 in their isolation1 has been the companion of each one1 and who1 at the last1 shall say1 8,she hath done what she could1 she hath chosen the good part40 ,before the war and since1 the wealthy people at the ,south had a full supply of colleges and seminaries1 besides the free use of the best institutions in the ,north1 so that their children were well educated4 ,but there was a class of white people who could avail themselves of no such advantages and for whom there were no free public schools4 ,as a consequence they fell into a distressing state of ignorance and poverty2 they lost aspiration2 they felt themselves in a hopeless class2 and they are just there now4 ,from the beginning our institutions have been open to pupils of all races4 ,as yet the colored youth have been almost alone in entering them4 ,but it is thought that1 as they shall be seen shooting ahead1 as prejudice shall wear away1 many of these worthy white young people will go where they can get an education1 a better one1 and at a less cost1 than anywhere else4 ,a ,confederate ,colonel says that this will come about in ten years4 ,already in the medical department of the ,howard ,university1 of the #ic students two-thirds are white1 while some of the ,professors are colored1 though accomplished in their profession4 ,in the law department of the ,straight at ,new ,orleans there are more white than colored students4 ,some of the best teachers in the white public schools of ,atlanta have visited the class-rooms of our ,university there1 with the purpose frankly avowed of making improvement in the art of teaching4 ,in the country white teachers have gone to those who had been trained at ,atlanta to learn their normal methods of instruction and of management4 ,may not such yet say we will go to that training school for ourselves1 and get those improvements at first hand8 ,we have one notable illustration of what may be done1 and that is at ,berea1 ,ky4 ,this college1 planted before the war by the ,association1 upon being opened after the war1 allowed colored scholars to come4 ,after some effervescence the institution settled into its color-blind method1 until it has become a great power in the ,state with the colors in about equal proportion among the students and at the grand commencement convocations4 ,some of the young folks coming down from the mountains to ,berea say they would rather go there than to endure the manners of the aristocratic colleges4 ,the citizens of ,cabin ,creek1 ,ky41 our old ante-bellum battle ground1 are just now erecting an ,academy with the money subscribed upon the condition of no caste4 ,the influence of ,berea ,college is felt up in all the mountain country4 ,white youth come down there to get stores of knowledge to carry back4 ,the ,professors have gone through that region lecturing on education1 holding teachers' institutes and preaching4 ,at ,clover ,bottom1 #bj miles out1 they have gotten up such a mixed school1 which is a success1 and is now under the patronage of this ,association4 ,the ,committee have decided to offer those mountain people the aid of our system1 if they will only allow the very few colored scholars to enter the schools4 ,up there the colored children in a whole county are scarcely numerous enough to call for more than one school1 and so the law forbidding such mixed public schools is a virtual closing of the doors of knowledge to this class4 ,the ,committee have made an appropriation for this work and have already had their ,field ,superintendent upon a tour of exploration--his report being favorable to kind1 patient1 persevering endeavor to get the school-master abroad through a region wherein whole counties the few school-houses are cabins with scarcely a glass window in them4 ,in the growth of the educational department and in the purpose of the ,committee to do the very best work in our institutions1 it has been found needful to secure the service of an expert in school processes who should help to the most approved methods of organization1 discipline1 instruction and unification4 ,accordingly ,mr4 ,albert ,salisbury1 who had been a ,professor in the ,state ,normal1 at ,whitewater1 ,wis41 and a conductor of teachers' institutes1 has been appointed ,superintendent of ,education1 and has already entered upon service1 giving promise of great effectiveness in his line4 ,doctor ,roy will continue in his position as ,field ,superintendent4 ,church ,work4 ,at the first some of our best friends thought that the ,association was too slow in its church work2 but all now1 we think1 agree that the wisdom of experience justifies the process which mainly through our schools grows its own timber1 out of which to build its churches1 taking the young people thus trained and the adults who are converted to the standard of ,christian living and away from the superstitions and immoralities of the old time4 ,at first view this would seem to be a tedious process4 ,but it is surprising how soon the youth run up to maturity and to become the leaders of churches1 the best of which have come on by this nurture4 ,then there are some adult people1 noble natures1 of a childlike spirit1 who gain by absorption and take on the ideas of the younger folks4 ,in this way1 through these seventeen years since the war1 our churches have come on from two or three to number #hc1 which is an average of five a year4 ,nor are these merely skeleton churches4 ,every one of these #hc has a pastor1 except one whose minister died a short time ago4 ,of the #gc ministers who serve these #hc churches1 #bb are from the ,north1 and #ea are native preachers4 ,every one of these churches except seven has its own house of worship1 or chapel1 and there are only four of these that depend upon the college chapels for their places of religious assembly4 ,some of these are rude in structure2 the most are plain but comely2 four or five are of brick and of commanding appearance2 all are blessed sanctuaries4 ,many friends1 in going through the ,south1 are pleasantly disappointed in finding these churches so well housed4 ,nor1 for young churches1 are these deficient in encouraging numbers4 ,they have a total of #e1fda members1 an average of #fh1 while the average membership of the ,congregational churches west of the ,mississippi ,river is only #de1 and of all west of ,pennsylvania1 #fc4 ,the additions on profession were #gji2 the ,sunday-school scholars numbered #a1hce2 the amount raised for church purposes #i1cjf1 and the benevolent contributions reached #a1dif4ej4 ,it is beautiful to see how readily these plain people take up the ,new ,testament idea of church government1 and how this natural process tends to their education and discipline of character4 ,herein we find confirmation that the ,apostle made no mistake in setting up such churches among the ,christians of his day who had not been trained in ,new ,england4 ,these churches in the ,south are known everywhere as insisting upon a high standard of ethics4 ,their example1 their methods1 their influence1 are greatly stimulating to the churches round about them1 so that by quality they make up in part for want of quantity4 ,these churches are organized into seven conferences4 ,many persons have smiled upon reading the reports of these convocations1 and have wondered how such an ecclesiastical body would seem1 whether its members were not simply playing at an ecclesiastical parliament4 ,our suggestion is1 come and see4 ,if you were to come1 you would find a fulfillment of the ,saviour's words1 8,all ye are brethren10 the white and the colored being members of the same body4 ,you would find a rigidity of parliamentary usage4 ,you would find literary exercises1 discussions1 reports1 ,sunday-school assemblies1 devotional services going on after the manner of those with which you are familiar4 ,some of our brethren testify that these meetings seemed to afford as much intellectual and spiritual stimulus as those which they were accustomed to attend before going ,south4 ,an additional feature of these gatherings is the presence and participation of the lady missionaries and teachers1 whose reports are greatly interesting4 ,in ,alabama the conference has associated with it a ,ladies' ,missionary ,society with auxiliaries in different parts of the ,state4 ,the exercises of these women's meetings are not only to cultivate the missionary spirit1 but to help the wives1 mothers and daughters of this people to be missionaries of sweetness and light1 of order and comfort1 in their own homes4 ,these ecclesiastical assemblies become not only a representative of our work in its spirit and extent1 but they become occasions for drawing out the fellowship of the pastors and churches1 white and colored1 where they meet4 ,at first these bodies were ignored4 ,now it is a common thing for the local pastors to drop in upon them1 to participate in the exercises and to offer their pulpits for supply4 ,this has been done at ,wilmington1 ,macon1 ,mobile1 ,marion and ,selma4 ,during the last year1 six new churches have been organized1 those at ,williamsburg1 ,ky42 ,cedar ,cliff1 ,n4,c42 ,athens1 ,ga42 ,meridian1 ,miss42 ,eureka and ,topeka1 ,kan4 ,all of these are supplied with pastors4 ,athens uses the assembly-room of our ,knox ,institute2 ,meridian for the present rents rooms for the church and school2 ,eureka and ,topeka have both built houses of worship4 ,new meeting-houses have also been built at ,caledonia1 ,miss42 ,fausse ,point1 ,la41 and ,luling1 ,tex4 ,paris1 ,tex41 has replaced its big shanty by a fine church edifice4 ,childersburg1 ,ala41 burnt out1 has rebuilt with great self-denial on the part of the people4 ,mobile1 burnt out1 is to be accommodated for a time in the assembly-room of the ,emerson ,institute1 rebuilt since the fire4 ,the church at ,east ,savannah1 blown down1 has been rebuilt4 ,the suburban church at ,louisville1 ,ga41 also blown down1 is still in its ruins4 ,at ,five ,mile1 out from the city1 a mission house has been built4 ,by the wonderful enterprise of their pastor1 ,rev4 ,a4 ,a4 ,myers1 the people have put up a commodious house at ,williamsburg1 ,ky41 in the mountain country4 ,the town is sixty years old1 and this is the first church brought to completion1 three others having rotted down during the process of building4 ,the church at ,clover ,bottom1 ,ky41 has been supplied with a school-house sanctuary through the aid secured by ,president ,fairchild1 of ,berea4 ,the great church at ,midway1 ,ga41 has been finished up4 ,the church at ,anniston1 ,ala41 has been enlarged4 ,so during the year ten churches have been erected4 ,the closing year has not been without its comforting measure of spiritual influence4 ,the dew has been in the fleece of most of our churches and schools4 ,in some of them individual cases of conversion have been the reward of large faith and zeal4 ,in others1 clusters of souls have been won to ,christ4 ,distinctive revivals have been enjoyed at ,chattanooga and ,memphis1 ,tenn42 ,mc,intosh and ,macon1 ,ga42 ,marion1 ,ala42 ,new ,orleans1 ,talladega ,college1 and in the ,fisk1 ,atlanta and ,tougaloo ,universities4 ,the total number of additions to our ,southern churches on profession is #gji4 ,those who in our missions have been led to ,christ but who have gone to other churches would nearly double that number4 ,the total number of members in all our ,southern churches is #e1fda4 ,,africa4 ,when our last annual meeting was in session we had two parties upon the ocean on their way to ,africa4 ,mr4 ,i4 ,j4 ,st4 ,john and ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,hall were going to reinforce the ,mendi ,mission1 and ,superintendent ,ladd and ,dr4 ,snow were going to explore the ,upper ,nile with reference to locating the ,arthington ,mission if the project should prove feasible4 ,mr4 ,st4 ,john was to be the business manager and to have charge of the ,john ,brown steamer which was to be built4 ,mr4 ,hall1 from the theological department of the ,howard ,university1 was to take charge of the ,good ,hope ,station4 ,he readily got hold of the work and proved himself an acceptable and successful missionary4 ,he has the church1 and a native teacher has the school under his supervision4 ,mr4 ,hall1 being of the sturdy mountain stock of ,east ,tennessee1 has endured the climate well1 and we can but hope that an extended career of usefulness is before him4 ,mr4 ,st4 ,john1 by his own unavoidable exposure on his voyages between ,freetown and ,mendi1 and up the rivers to our stations1 was himself made sick1 and so was confirmed in the judgment that called for the steamer as a means of preserving the health of our missionaries4 ,the ,english ,governor-,general of the ,west ,coast agreed with ,mr4 ,st4 ,john to give the steamer the carrying of the mail and of all ,government freight between ,freetown and ,mendi1 which is an ,english dependency4 ,the transportation of supplies for the ,mission and the marketing of the lumber of our mill1 the only one on the ,west ,coast1 call for this steam craft4 ,all views conspire to put down the 8,john ,brown0 as one of the most effective missionaries to be introduced to that region1 where there are no roads nor beasts of burden and where the water highway is the main reliance4 ,it was thought best that ,mr4 ,st4 ,john should not take the risk of the first wet season at the ,mission1 and so he returned to this country1 coming over by a sailing vessel to save expense4 ,he makes the gratifying report that in his intercourse along the coast he found many evidences of the good influence of the ,mendi ,mission in its training of men who have gone out into the ways of business1 and who retain their integrity of character4 ,he named the noble chief of a tribe where is located the vigorous ,shengay ,mission1 who1 with his son1 had been educated at our ,good ,hope ,station4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,e4 ,jackson has continued in charge of the ,avery ,station and boarding-school4 ,during the year the ,mission was afflicted in the death of ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,williams1 of the ,kaw ,mendi ,station1 who1 after having endured fifteen years of service in ,africa1 succumbed to the disease of diabetes4 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,jowett1 one of the native preachers1 is acceptably supplying ,mr4 ,williams' place at ,kaw ,mendi4 ,mr4 ,jowett has a son now in the ,fisk ,university1 who gives promise of making himself a useful man in his native land4 ,the other three lads from the ,mendi ,mission at school at ,hampton and at ,atlanta1 are doing well4 ,the ,debia ,station is under the care of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,goodman4 ,dr4 ,ladd and ,dr4 ,snow1 having made their long and perilous tour1 which took them up the ,nile #b1ejj miles1 have returned4 ,they report no sufficiently inviting location for a mission in the region of the ,sobat4 ,they recommend that ,khartoum be occupied as a base of operations1 and that a school be established on the east bank of the river opposite the city1 which lies in the junction of the ,blue and ,white ,niles4 ,that site is quite healthy4 ,they would have a steamer by which to communicate with the ,arthington district of the ,upper ,nile4 ,the ,executive ,committee1 of course1 had to submit to the inevitable1 as indicated by the double revolt1 and voted to put the mission into complete abeyance for the time4 ,,the ,,indians4 ,though the ,indian once had the continent to himself1 he yet seems to be 8the man without a country40 ,and the ,christian missions which have sought to identify him with his native land have with him been driven along before the advancing tide of the white man's migration4 ,so has it been from the days of ,jonathan ,edwards1 ,john ,eliot and ,david ,brainard down to these times of the ,riggses and ,williamsons4 ,the ,indian missions of this ,association have fared in the same way1 those at ,northfield1 ,mich41 and those at ,cass ,lake and ,red ,lake1 ,minn41 which were served by some fifteen missionaries1 among them ,revs4 ,s4 ,g4 ,wright1 ,j4 ,b4 ,bardwell and ,a4 ,barnard4 ,of these the venerable ,mr4 ,wright still abides in the service1 being now at ,leech ,lake4 ,returning this year to his field1 he writes3 8,we were very happy to find the little company of earnest1 devoted ,christians1 whom we left two years before1 still faithfully pursuing their work for ,god4 ,they are truly the salt of the earth1 burning lights in this great darkness1 the spiritual power in the place40 ,again he says3 8,i wish ,i could attend the annual meeting4 ,i should love to give the friends a short history of the conversion and rich ,christian experience of numbers of those around us40 ,our church at ,s',kokomish1 ,washington ,territory1 ,rev4 ,myron ,eells1 pastor1 during the year has swarmed1 seven of its members having taken letters to unite with four other ,christians of the ,clallam ,indians to form a ,congregational ,church at ,jamestown4 ,one infant was baptized4 ,a half-dozen white neighbors came in and communed with them4 ,mr4 ,eells says that the services were held in ,chinook1 ,clallam1 ,english1 ,chinook translated into ,clallam1 and ,english translated into ,clallam1 a ,pentecostal gift of tongues4 ,the work of the mother church has been more encouraging this year than the last4 ,five have united with the church on profession of faith4 ,the service of the agents at the ,s',kokomish1 ,fort ,berthold and ,sisseton agencies has been about as usual in routine and outcome4 ,the work that is now going on at the ,hampton ,institute in the educational and industrial training of #hi young ,indians of both sexes is truly encouraging2 not only as to its immediate accomplishment1 but as to its future bearings upon the welfare of the ,indians1 and upon the ,indian question itself4 ,at the last commencement1 the ,indian classes claimed their full share of attention1 and showed an improvement in the general character of the pupils over last year4 ,one noted speech was made by an ,indian youth4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,bartend1 referring to that speech in his address1 said3 8,two hundred and fifty years ago there came floating into this beautiful harbor vessels from the old country4 ,what was their object8 ,what was their hope8 ,the prayer that arose from their decks was this3 #8,god give us strength that we may educate and ,christianize the ,indian4' ,william and ,mary ,college1 now almost ready to perish1 is the monument of their endeavor4 ,they did not see the answer to their prayer4 ,god works in ,his own way1 in ,his own time1 with ,his own men4 ,could they see what we to-day behold1 they would say1 as do we1 ,speed on4 ,god speed this glorious school40 ,although the ,association1 which founded and developed the ,hampton1 has surrendered its control to a ,board1 yet besides aiding in the support of the pastor1 who cares for the three races1 associated in the one church of the place1 it also makes a special appropriation toward the ,indian department of the ,institute4 ,the ,association will be ready to co-operate with the ,government under its new appropriation1 using some of its own institutions for the instruction and training of ,indian youth4 ,it has been proposed that the ,association take up a new mission among a neglected tribe in the deep ,northwest4 ,gen4 ,armstrong1 by his recent tour among the several ,indian tribes of that region1 has been able to make judicious suggestions which will be duly considered4 ,,the ,,chinese4 ,but a little while ago we were praying ,god to open the door of ,china2 and now the ,chinese are pressing in at our own back door1 having a steam ferry between our shore and theirs4 ,even the building of our ,chinese wall1 while ,china has been tearing down hers1 has had the immediate effect of hastening #be1jjj of these people in at our ,golden ,gate before the law should go into effect1 and this influx has been felt already in our schools1 which for the last few months have had a total larger than that of any former months4 ,mr4 ,pond certifies that even the enforcement of the law will not for some time occasion any let up in the pressure upon our school accommodations4 ,we have as stock on hand1 as raw material1 these #abe1jjj people whom we should work up in the ,christianizing way1 so that they may be prepared1 some for their own mission work at home1 and some to receive the masses who may come by-and-by when the embargo is lifted4 ,so that while our government stands at the ,golden ,gate to warn off any ,mayflower immigrants1 it may be that this enforced quiet and isolation will become a mighty factor in the scheme for ,christianizing ,china4 ,but none the less is it a ludicrous object lesson that the nation which stands with its front door wide open to receive #ij1jjj ,europeans a month1 should yet shudder over the #abe1jjj ,mongolians who in many years have sought admission at the back door4 ,it is a humiliating confession that #ej1jjj1jjj of ,christian people1 compacted as a nation1 should shrink from having their system come into contact with the effete superstitions of #abe1jjj sojourners4 ,but the politicians' law is only for ten years4 ,the principle1 the conscience of the nation will be at work4 ,the law may become a dead letter or be repealed4 ,before we are aware of it1 the flood-gates may be raised and a great tide may set in4 ,so1 in any event1 we have herein a grand opportunity1 a mighty obligation4 ,our last ,annual ,report mentioned a desire on the part of the converted ,chinamen in ,california and their friends1 that a mission be located at some well-chosen point in ,southern ,china1 from which their ,christian brethren going back to fatherland might go forth to carry the ,gospel to their countrymen4 ,further consideration has settled it that ,hong ,kong1 the centre of the district from which most of our ,california ,chinamen come1 is the proper location4 ,such a mission would give a ,christian greeting to the returning ,christian ,chinamen1 would furnish an atmosphere and an instrumentality for keeping up their spiritual life1 would be a training-school for those who should become missionaries1 would be a rallying centre there1 and would be the point of juncture between our work on the coast and that heathen empire4 ,but1 as it is the purpose of this ,association not to extend its operations abroad1 we made a distinctive proposition to the ,american ,board that it take up the proposed mission at ,hong ,kong1 and so work in harmony with us on this side the ,pacific4 ,we are glad to report that this overture has been cordially acceded to1 and that that venerable missionary body accepts this 8sacred trust40 ,our brethren of the ,chinese ,christian ,association out there have in hand already a fund of #gjj1 which they intend to put into that mission as an offering of the first fruits4 ,in its work on the ,pacific ,coast1 the ,association is represented by its auxiliary1 the ,california ,chinese ,mission1 whose ,president is ,rev4 ,dr4 ,john ,k4 ,mc,lean1 and whose ,secretary is ,rev4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,pond1 who1 in addition to the care of his city parish1 has the supervision of our operations there4 ,taking up the work into his own mind and heart1 he gives to it an amount of study1 watch-care and service that is marvellous4 ,with a ,pauline spirit1 he goes the round of the missions1 cheering and directing the workers1 healing divisions and laying new plans4 ,our fifteen schools are located at ,berkeley1 ,marysville1 ,oakland1 ,oroville1 ,petaluma1 ,point ,pedro1 ,sacramento1 ,santa ,barbara1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,stockton1 and at ,san ,francisco1 where are the five missions1 ,no4 #a1 ,no4 #b1 ,barnes1 ,bethany1 and ,west4 ,the work of the year has been greatly encouraging4 ,these schools have been taught by thirty-one teachers1 of whom eleven are ,christianized ,chinamen4 ,the total number of scholars enrolled during the year was #b1efg1 a gain over the previous year of #ice1 while that year had a gain over the former one of #gf4 ,of these during the past year #aef have ceased from idolatry and #ajf have given evidence of conversion4 ,nor do these figures give the full number of those who are brought to the light in our schools1 for many are scattered and cannot attend them4 ,the whole number of those of whom we have hope that they are born of ,god in connection with our work from the first1 ,mr4 ,pond thinks cannot be less than #dca1 and wisely does he add3 8,the figures will cease to look dry and the statistical table will glow with even a celestial light1 if we but reflect that every unit in these numbers stands for an undying soul1 and every unit in some of them for such a soul brought out from the dark bondage of ,chinese paganism into the glorious liberty of the sons of ,god40 ,it is proposed now to re-establish our mission at ,los ,angeles1 which1 as the original1 gave way for a time to another that came in but has turned out a failure4 ,chico1 where there are many ,chinese1 and no one to care for them1 is another place where the ,superintendent could start a mission4 ,so also the door seems to be opening for yet another school in ,san ,francisco at the great ,pioneer ,wooden ,mills1 where #fjj ,chinese are employed4 ,and so the expanding work demands the additional appropriation which the ,committee have already voted1 making a total of #ac1jjj to be used4 ,,finances4 ,at our last annual meeting we reported a total of #bdc1gie4bc1 which was a gain of #ef1cae4ab1 or #bj percent1 over that of the previous year4 ,one year ago the ,committee felt constrained to ask that this sum should be carried up to #cjj1jjj for the support and enlargement of the varied work in charge4 ,we started out well4 ,then in the spring our chariot came to dragging heavily with a debt of #be1jjj upon it4 ,then there was a rally1 and the fiscal year came to its close1 ,sept4 #cj1 with #big1ehd4de1 which is a gain of #ec1ghi4bb over the last year1 or #bb per cent4 ,besides the current receipts we have received toward the endowment of the ,president's chair in ,talladega ,college1 #ae1jjj2 and for scholarships in the same1 #f1jjj2 also a ,scholarship note for #ejj1 in behalf of ,fisk ,university1 which makes a total of #cai1ehd4de received into our treasury during the year4 ,this leaves the treasury out of debt1 with a balance in hand of #ghi4hc1 and an increase of endowment fund of #ba1ejj4 ,for this accomplishment we offer devout thanks to ,almighty ,god4 ,the exigencies of the work1 the enlargement of the expenditure made almost inevitable by the new buildings and increased facilities1 will scarcely be met by #cjj1jjj the coming year4 ,an increase of that amount by #bj per cent1 could be most economically and wisely expended without any attempt at undue enlargement4 ,the legitimate and almost irresistible progress of the work demands that4 ,but we are the servants of our constituents1 and assume not to decide4 ,we can most efficiently use the increase1 but will faithfully work as best we can with the means entrusted to us4 ,we can only add that the work will suffer if less than the #cjj1jjj be secured4 ,as boys run backward that they may jump the further forward1 so we may profitably compare the receipts of this ,association in its earlier years with those of this last year4 ,the nearly #cjj1jjj just announced is equal to the total of contributions for the first ten years4 ,and the total for the year1 as given by the ,treasurer1 of the contributions from the same constituency for the general work in which the ,association is engaged1 more than #ejj1jjj1 is equal to the receipts into our treasury for the first fourteen years4 99 99 99 99 99 ,never have the affairs of this ,association seemed more prosperous2 never have its labors on the field yielded a more abundant and precious fruitage2 never has it seemed more firmly established in the confidence of the people1 both at the ,north and the ,south2 never has it shared more fully the favor of ,god6 ,may we have grace to walk so humbly before ,god1 and so honestly and faithfully before men1 in the administration of our trust1 that ,his favor and their confidence may abide upon us6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,freedmen4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,educational ,,work4 ,the ,committee to whom has been referred the subject of the educational work of this ,association1 beg leave to report that we heartily approve the policy of the ,association by which it has put its main efforts upon the ,christian education of teachers for the colored people4 ,our ,congregational churches1 while it is important to plant them1 are not the first need4 ,they can enter but slowly4 ,the people do not appreciate them nor ask for them4 ,education they beseech us for4 ,the lower common-school education we can supply only here and there4 ,we thank ,god1 and we recognize it as a blessed evidence of the growth of healthy public sentiment1 that every year more and more attention is paid in the ,states of the ,south to free public education1 and that in this the colored people are having their part1 and that the expense of supporting their schools is more and more cheerfully borne4 ,but the ,states which are willing to educate children are not all ready as yet to educate their teachers4 ,whether the common schools of the ,south are good1 depends on whether the schools for teachers are good4 ,we believe there is no other agency which is doing so much to secure teachers for the colored youth of the ,south as the ,american ,missionary ,association4 ,this is a task which does not carry with it ecclesiastical profit2 but it carries the blessing of the ,great ,head of the ,church1 as it has the good will of good men in every communion4 ,apprehending the paramount importance of this work1 we would impress upon the officers of this ,association1 what they doubtless feel1 the importance of raising their chartered institutions and normal schools to the very highest possible grade4 ,bricks and mortar are necessary1 good buildings are noble1 but the first demand is for good teaching1 for the very best instruction which ,northern culture can secure4 ,a few extra hundreds paid to a competent principal may be of more real use than many thousands paid for a building4 ,our consecrated wealth will provide the buildings4 ,that we do not fear for2 but it needs great and rare executive wisdom to see that these buildings shall be put to their best use for the best instruction4 ,now is the molding time for the colored people1 and they need to be molded aright4 ,good education in barracks is better than poor education in a palace4 ,it has been the boast of our constituency that they have known how to educate4 ,they have supported the best colleges in the ,north4 ,they are now supporting the best schools in the ,south4 ,we are glad that1 apprehending these duties1 the ,association has just appointed a competent ,superintendent of ,education1 whose special business it will be to see to it that the standard of education shall be raised to the highest possible grade4 ,we would especially recommend that all our institutions be carefully examined1 that we call nothing college or university whose course of instruction falls below the grade which belongs to the name1 and that1 if it be necessary in any case1 inferior teachers be weeded out and their places supplied by such as are competent and earnest4 ,this we urge1 while knowing that our institutions1 as a rule1 are models in all the ,south1 because we would not have the ,association satisfied with that to which we have already attained1 and because we believe that our schools can and should be made so superior to other institutions that they shall attract white pupils as well as black1 or break down the walls of caste4 ,we see with satisfaction the progress made in ,howard and ,talladega in theological education1 which has been followed by the organization of numerous prosperous churches4 ,we would urge that1 as soon as possible1 ,fisk and ,straight universities be supplied with similar active departments of theological instruction4 ,industrial departments have been made very useful in ,hampton and ,tougaloo4 ,these institutions are models in these as in other respects4 ,the explanation rests in part in the great enthusiasm or ability of the gentlemen whom we are so fortunate as to have in charge of those institutions1 and who have a special gift in developing these departments1 and in part in the fortunate locality in which these institutes are placed4 ,while we would be glad to have similar instruction given in ,fisk1 ,atlanta1 and elsewhere1 we recognize the great difficulty of doing similar work in cities4 ,domestic labor should be encouraged1 to relieve the expense of board2 but experiments in establishing schools of carpentry1 blacksmithing1 nursing1 etc41 while excellent1 need to be made with the greatest care1 and under the supervision of such teachers as possess the requisite enthusiasm and faith4 ,we would especially urge1 in this connection1 on those who manage our institutions1 that they impress on the pupils the virtues of thrift and self-support4 ,the students who have come to us are no longer ex-slaves4 ,they have all been reared in freedom4 ,they should be required to pay a reasonable amount for tuition4 ,this should be imposed as an educating influence4 ,they should be made to understand that when education is given it represents a money value as well as does the food that goes into the stomach4 ,more and more should they be required to pay their tuition1 if it be but a dollar a month1 that they may understand its value4 ,the aggregate of this will be of considerable help1 as it will elevate the educational notions of the people4 ,we are glad to see that our chartered institutions are making progress toward independence of the ,association4 ,for this they should work by the increase of their endowments for instruction4 ,we express our great thanks to the generous friends who have so nobly given for these purposes1 and especially to the wise and generous benevolence of ,mrs4 ,stone1 which has made this a marked year in the history of our institutions4 ,may the ,lord reward her1 and may her example stir up many more4 ,our work would not be complete without a more formal and a most cordial recognition of the thanks we owe to the self-denying teachers of our institutions4 ,they are men and women of most admirable culture2 they have made the greatest sacrifices2 they have entered with the warmest enthusiasm into their work4 ,we have been greatly pleased with the professional enthusiasm of those at the head of some of our excellent normal schools1 to whom no words of praise can be extravagant4 ,the progress in nearly all our institutions has been such as to merit our heartiest appreciation4 ,we commend this1 our great work1 to the generous hearts of our ,christian constituency4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,wright1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,higher ,,education ,,of ,,the ,,negro4 ,,by ,,pres4 ,e4 ,m4 ,,cravath1 ,,fisk ,,university4 #a4 ,the negroes are citizens1 and vested with all the rights1 duties and responsibilities of ,american citizenship4 ,the ballot is in their hands1 and as a necessary consequence they will share the offices of trust and responsibility4 ,there must and will be political leaders among them4 ,it might be better for the country if the colored people would use the ballot purely1 with an eye single to the best interests of society2 if they should always vote for the wisest1 most honest and most capable men1 uninfluenced by personal prejudices1 race distinction1 or the popular excitement of heated political campaigns1 and with no aspiration for political distinction or the honors and spoils of office4 ,it might be better for the country if the citizens of other races would do this4 ,but how unlike the ,anglo-,saxon or the ,celt would be the ,african if he should do it4 ,but1 fortunately1 or unfortunately1 there is about as much genuine human nature in the ,american citizen of ,african descent as there is in those of ,european2 and we must expect essentially the same results under like conditions4 ,it will not prevent colored men from having political aspirations1 and from being elected to offices of trust and responsibility1 to confine education among them to public1 normal and industrial schools4 ,the safer and better way is to give to the young men who have aspirations for a higher education the opportunities and advantages they seek1 just as they are provided for the youth of other races4 #b4 ,the six millions of colored people in the ,south are organized into distinct and separate churches1 which are ministered to by persons of their own race4 ,this is the result both of choice and necessity4 ,the white churches are not open to them1 and as a general thing they prefer to have their separate organizations4 ,the influence and power of the minister among the colored people are exceedingly great4 ,no people stand more in need of an intelligent1 wise and educated ministry1 and among no people can such a ministry do such a noble work for the proper training of the young men who are to constitute the religious teachers and guides of these six millions of colored ,american citizens just delivered from bondage1 and now making trial before the world of freedom and citizenship4 ,i urge the necessity of institutions for higher education4 ,the public schools of the ,south for colored children are in general taught by colored teachers4 ,this is usually demanded by the parents4 ,in these public schools there are hundreds of positions such as are filled in white schools by men who have had their training in the best colleges and universities of the ,south1 and why should not colored young men be given the same training for the same responsibilities and duties8 ,the same principles and necessities hold in the departments of law and medicine4 ,is there any reason1 in the nature of the case1 why a young colored man does not need to have as good an education to fit him for these professions as a young white man does8 ,in all enlightened countries1 institutions of higher education are regarded as indispensible2 they accomplish a work in the interests of society1 the ,church and the ,state1 which cannot be left out with safety to any race or any country4 ,but there are weighty reasons why the colored youth of the ,south need the advantages of a higher education4 ,they have received less by inheritance4 ,education1 discipline1 culture1 the habits and surroundings of life through generations1 to some extent1 at least1 determine the inherited intellectual and moral qualities of individuals1 families and races4 ,the colored youth begins life without the inherited qualities which can come only through generations of civilization4 ,then1 too1 he has not had the advantages 7and these are among the greatest children can possess7 of a cultured home1 refined and intellectual associations1 a purified and stimulating social life1 and the instruction of an educated ministry4 ,these have largely been denied him in his earlier years4 ,thus1 when young colored men or women set out to secure an education that shall put them on a high plane of intellectual life and give them a fair chance to work a career which shall entitle them to be honestly ranked among the educated and cultured of the white race in the higher departments of the world's work1 they find themselves at a great disadvantage4 ,how shall this be overcome1 except by patient1 long-continued and wisely-directed study8 ,aspiration must mature into purpose and purpose ripen and harden into character4 ,intellectual labor must be encouraged and even exacted until it becomes comparatively easy and pleasurable4 ,habits of study and investigation must be formed and the judgment must be matured4 ,where shall the young men of the ,south get these advantages except in schools for higher education8 ,but there is one more consideration which ,i wish to urge4 ,these six millions are the representatives of a race #bjj1jjj1jjj strong and of a continent4 ,no equal body of ,africans was ever before placed in a condition so favorable for the development of whatever possibilities there are in the race4 ,under slavery they have been disciplined to toil and have learned the lessons of work2 they have come to like the ways of civilized life and have acquired a desire and taste for its comforts and luxuries4 ,pagan worship and heathen superstitions have been largely destroyed1 and the people have accepted the ,christian religion4 ,they are widely scattered among their fellow citizens of other races1 and they have intrusted to them the full duties1 and have resting upon them all the responsibilities of citizenship4 ,whatever possibilities are in the race can here be developed in a shorter time and by a more direct way than in the case of any section of ,africa4 ,so the race is on trial1 and every aid should be given in order that the best possible result may be reached4 ,who can properly estimate the power for good which colleges and universities1 founded in the right spirit1 strongly administered and wisely adapted to the wants and necessities of the people1 can exert in determining the future of the negro in this country and the future of the great ,african race8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,church ,,work4 ,the church work of the ,association during the year has been steady1 growthful1 and encouraging4 ,quite the average of progress has been attained4 ,this will readily appear by reference to a few statistics4 ,six new churches have been added to the list1 making in all eighty-three4 ,ten houses of worship have been erected4 ,it is a remarkable fact that every one of the eighty-three churches1 except one whose minister died a short time ago1 has a pastor4 ,and equally remarkable that fifty-one of these pastors are native preachers4 ,as showing the value of theological seminaries established by the ,association1 and the ability and usefulness of trained colored men1 the average membership of sixty-eight in each church exceeds the average of all the ,congregational churches west of ,pennsylvania4 ,the addition of #gji on profession1 and the conversion of about an equal number who have found other church homes1 make an average of seventeen conversions to each church1 an increase of #bj per cent4 ,where else can an equally good exhibition be made8 ,only about one to a church throughout the country4 ,there are seven churches which have added from twenty-five to forty-five to their membership4 ,there are only six that report no additions4 ,so far as reported all but eleven churches contribute money for church purposes4 ,thirty-seven report benevolent contributions4 ,one church reports #cej1 another church reports #aeh1 another church reports #hf1 another church reports #hc1 another church reports #fj1 another church reports #ej4 ,seventy-four ,sunday-schools are reported4 ,one ,sunday-school has over #ejj members1 another #djj members1 ten schools #bjj members1 and seven schools #ajj members4 ,these figures indicate vitality in the churches1 for ,sunday-schools do not thrive very well1 excepting where there is activity in the churches with which they are associated4 ,in nine localities precious revivals have been enjoyed4 ,the local associations indicate growth in fellowship and power4 ,when we remember that these results have been reached amid manifold hindrances and discouragements arising from ignorance1 prejudice1 superstition and vice1 we may well exclaim1 8,what hath ,god wrought80 8,thank the ,lord and take courage40 ,but the best results of the year do not admit of tabulation4 ,the unwritten history of these churches are the tears1 the struggles1 the sacrifices1 the prayers1 the burdens silently1 uncomplainingly borne4 ,this is their real history4 ,god knows it all1 and those who have been the patient workers in its making will be remembered in that day when he counts up his jewels4 ,then it must not be forgotten that these churches represent almost infinitely more in the ,south than their small number would indicate4 ,they are tonic in their influence upon all the other churches around them4 ,their simple ,new ,testament polity1 which encourages self-government and self-development1 their high standard of ethics1 which is a constant rebuke to an emotional religion apart from morality1 make them peculiarly lights shining in dark places1 and invest them with that quiet1 but inscrutable transforming power that belongs to good leaven4 ,in this has been vindicated the wisdom of the policy which has preferred quality to quantity1 good character to great numbers1 intelligent piety to ignorant devotion1 a pure life to a noisy profession4 ,without doubt the ,association might have doubled its present number of churches during these seventeen years4 ,it has cost something to move slowly in this matter4 ,we have said that the past year has witnessed the average growth4 ,the rate of progress during the last seventeen years has been uniformly very constant1 about five churches a year4 ,ten years ago six new churches and ten houses of worship were reported4 ,the question now comes whether it is not quite time to change the rate by doubling it1 at least to quicken the pace4 ,the church work is initial and fundamental4 ,it underlies all else4 ,the ,association is in the ,south for no other purpose than to make ,christian manhood and womanhood4 ,for this glorious work the church of ,god is the divinely appointed agency4 ,others are auxiliary4 ,there is but one opinion as to the sore need of more churches4 ,the ,macedonian cry is heard in many directions4 ,it has been demonstrated that ,congregational churches can exist and thrive west of the ,hudson and south of ,mason and ,dixon's line4 ,the polity and faith of the ,pilgrim ,fathers is not for the elect few but the unsaved many4 ,and if the methods1 influence1 and example of our churches in the ,south are greatly stimulating to the churches round about them1 that is an additional argument for their multiplication4 ,it can hardly be doubted that the schools and universities1 by their direct and indirect influence1 have prepared sufficient material for more churches4 ,what are eighty-three among the millions who sit in darkness8 ,it must be kept distinctly in mind that educational facilities are multiplying in the ,south1 and that to educate without ,christianizing is possibly to augment the perils instead of the defenses of the ,republic4 ,the sanctifying and consecrating forces must be held in close contact with the secular1 so that education may be hallowed1 or it will end in defeat4 ,we must hold steadfastly to our fundamental principle that nothing but the gospel of ,christ will uplift and save the ,south4 ,and while our educational institutions are thoroughly ,christian1 yet the church must be the energizing and radiating centre of ,christian influence and power4 ,brethren1 does not the church work need and deserve a fresh impulse8 ,ought not the momentum gathered during the seventeen years to accelerate its progress very greatly now8 ,would not all hearts be gladdened1 if the next annual report should bring tidings of twelve instead of six churches organized under the favoring auspices of this society8 ,opportunities are 7,i was about to say waiting1 but they don't wait7 passing4 ,much has been irrevocably lost4 ,much yet remains4 ,ideas are changing rapidly4 ,we had feared that crystallization would occur earlier than this1 and society become so incrusted with prejudice and hardened by vice that the helpful activities of this and kindred societies would be hindered or defeated4 ,but ,god is mercifully holding the elements still in solution that churches and schools1 like ours1 may become the dominating centres of the new civilization4 ,let these blessed centres of light1 healing1 influence1 be multiplied1 surcharged with transforming energy1 with assimilating power4 ,the multiplicand already exists2 men and money must furnish1 under ,god1 the multiplier4 ,,arthur ,,little1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remarks ,,of ,,rev4 ,c4 ,o4 ,,brown4 ,within the past two years it has been my privilege to look in upon three or four of the churches contemplated in this report4 ,one year ago last ,august ,i found myself on the ,sabbath day in the city of ,chattanooga1 and ,i started out at an early hour to find the ,congregational church4 ,i made several inquiries of the white people whom ,i met1 but none of them seemed to know4 ,i sauntered along until ,i was in front of the white ,baptist church of the place1 and found an aged colored gentleman ringing the bell preparatory to service4 ,i asked him if he knew where the ,congregational church was4 8,oh yes10 he said1 8,i'se a member of dat church myself40 ,then1 having an opportunity1 ,i chatted with him a few minutes1 and asked him why they wanted to sustain a ,congregational church in ,chattanooga4 8,oh10 he said among many other things1 8we doesn't believe in dese yer incitements dat de old churches has40 ,and then ,i asked him what they proposed to do in the future4 8,look a heah1 brudder10 he said1 8we's come heah to stay40 ,presently ,i found myself in that ,congregational church4 ,i found an ordinarily good little structure1 comfortably furnished for church purposes4 ,when the congregation came in ,i saw decently clad people with hymn books and ,bibles in their hands4 ,presently from the study door came the pastor1 and with all dignity and order1 took his place in the pulpit1 and he preached a sermon in which1 if my eyes had been closed1 ,i should have found no evidence that he was a colored man4 ,he was a graduate of ,atlanta ,university4 ,there was every evidence of order and system1 of calm and deliberative religion1 which we should find in this church on the next ,sabbath day4 ,in the evening of that same day ,i had an opportunity for comparisons and contrasts4 ,i went over to one of the old colored churches which stands diagonally across an open square or common4 ,the scene was that of one billowy sea of emotion and excitement1 of hallooing and amen-ing4 ,now1 ,i said to myself1 here is this pure church established in this community as a standing testimony against that sort of thing4 ,i said1 as ,i sat beneath the spell of emotions which found vent in tears1 here in this ,congregational church and on this ground are both prophecy and fulfillment4 ,the ,congregational church stands not more than six rods from where my tent was at one time pitched when ,i was a soldier2 where the shells from ,lookout mountain used to drop in the days of ,thomas and ,hood4 ,here1 ,i said1 in this scarred ground1 is a prophecy which was uttered eighteen years ago1 in the thunder of artillery and the clash of battle4 ,it was a prophecy of liberty2 and this church for colored people1 for free colored people1 our brothers and sisters1 is the fulfillment of that prophecy4 ,it was my privilege1 only a few days later1 to be present in the ,storrs ,congregational church of ,atlanta4 ,and it was a pleasure to be permitted to speak to those people4 ,i saw there the same evidence of ,christian order and propriety2 everything which bore testimony to a high type of ,christian life4 ,i attended two of its prayer meetings4 ,there was the calm1 subdued temper which bore witness to the suppression of the animal nature and the development of the spiritual4 ,and ,i want to say here1 brethren1 that if ,god in his providence should send me to ,atlanta1 ,i should cast in my lot with the ,storrs ,congregational church4 ,i wish to second what was said by ,doctor ,little with regard to the enlargement of our church work in the ,south4 ,we feel that the time has come for broadening the boundaries of this distinctively religious work4 ,our churches are1 and are to be1 the conservators of the other work done in our educational institutions4 ,none of our young people should be allowed1 for want of a church home of our own polity1 to escape from holy and pure influences4 ,nor should they be allowed to expend in other directions power and influence acquired in our schools which might be conserved in our churches4 ,let us not make the mistake south of the ,ohio ,river which1 thirty or forty years ago1 was made west of the ,hudson2 but let us rather from this annual meeting look to the enlargement of this blessed part of our work1 concerning which such glad harbingers are before us in the general survey presented by the ,secretary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,africa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,the ,committee to whom was referred the general report on ,africa would submit the following3 ,little that is new or very noteworthy has occurred during the year past4 ,the ,mendi ,mission1 which has been so long1 and at such sacrificial cost1 maintained by the ,association1 was reinforced by a graduate of the theological department of ,howard ,university1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,hall1 who took charge of the church at ,good ,hope station1 and has brought to his work such qualifications as promise to make him a valuable worker in this growingly hopeful field4 ,mr4 ,st4 ,john1 who went out to become the business manager of the missionary steamer ,john ,brown1 though obliged temporarily to return to this country1 has accomplished some useful exploration1 and demonstrated that the proposed steamer will become a most timely and invaluable assistant to the missionaries in the way of facilitating transportation and intercommunication4 ,there are encouraging signs that the influence of the workers at this mission is extending to the interior1 and that the representatives of its schools and churches who are engaged in secular callings are a credit to the same1 and are advertising the value of ,christian training and character to those who are as yet strangers to both4 ,one faithful laborer has1 during the last twelvemonth1 fallen at his post1 after a service of fifteen years1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,williams4 ,his name will go to swell that ever-increasing list of heroic workers1 who sacrificed their lives for ,africa's redemption4 ,a native preacher has taken the vacated place1 and so the holy work goes on1 though the brave workers here and there are summoned to leave their toil and go up to their exceeding great reward4 ,it is a token at once significant and prophetic1 that this successor of ,mr4 ,williams1 at the ,kaw ,mendi station1 has a son now in ,fisk ,university who will keep up the succession of workers in ,africa1 by in due time returning to the land of his fathers as a herald of the gospel of ,christ4 ,three other youthful representatives of the ,mendi ,mission are at school at ,hampton and ,atlanta1 their very presence here being fraught with good to fellow students from the colored people of this country and to the land from which they came as the first fruits in the way of missionary consecration4 ,at the last ,annual ,meeting1 great interest was excited by the expedition of ,superintendent ,ladd and ,dr4 ,snow1 which had just been entered upon1 to find on the upper ,nile a suitable place for the proposed ,arthington ,mission4 ,much was hoped for from this resolute attempt to locate a new station in the region of the ,sobat4 ,these pioneers have safely returned1 and bring their mature recommendations as to what is expedient to be done in the district1 where that generous patron of ,african missions1 ,mr4 ,arthington1 was so urgent something should be done4 ,on the whole1 this ,association has made a noble record1 in concert with other missionary societies in the dark continent4 ,the chapter of what has been endured and achieved by its representatives will be one of imperishable glory in the annals of this body4 ,whatever changes the future may bring1 for the good brave work of the past1 we and all lovers of ,africa will praise ,god4 ,never was its mission work in the far-away land more promiseful1 and we can but believe that days of large ingathering and of immediate advance are before it1 so that past sacrifices and toils will not have been in vain1 and the speedier successes of coming days will justify a missionary policy of the boldest and broadest character4 ,m4 ,,mcg4 ,,dana1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,the ,,proposed ,,exchange ,,of ,,missions4 ,the ,committee to whom was referred ,secretary ,strieby's report1 on recommending the simplification of the work of the ,american ,missionary ,association1 by withdrawing from the foreign field1 and assuming more fully the work among the ,indians to which it is now providentially invited1 approve in general of its proposals1 but beg to recommend to the ,executive ,committee of the ,american ,missionary ,association1 in considering and settling the questions involved1 the following points which they suggest as conditions in effecting the changes contemplated3 #a4 ,that the entire ,mendi ,mission1 with its long and checkered history1 representing such heroic sufferings and achievements1 and in the sustenance of which our ,british friends have so generously aided us1 be continued by transferring it to the ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,f4 ,m4 or to the ,united ,brethren1 who have a mission near by and who will entertain overtures for the same1 and that to this end the churches1 schools1 and other property be made over to either party1 with the interest of the ,avery fund1 in the one case at once and in the other for a limited time1 as the ,committee may arrange4 ,that the steamer ,john ,brown1 to which the ,sabbath-schools of our churches have contributed some #g1jjj1 be built1 and be given over to such parties as will use it for the purposes originally contemplated4 #b4 ,that the interest in1 and funds for1 the ,arthington ,mission be1 so far as may be1 transferred to the ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,f4 ,m41 and that failing1 to the ,united ,presbyterians who are doing such excellent work in the ,nile ,valley4 #c4 ,that this ,association will assume the ,indian ,mission in ,dakota offered it by the ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,f4 ,m41 and will withdraw from the foreign fields1 and arrange ultimately for the transference of the interest of the ,avery fund to the ,american ,board4 ,and your ,committee propose for your adoption the following resolution1 covering the adjudication of this question4 ,resolved1 ,that the matter of accepting the ,dakota ,mission from the ,american ,board1 and of transferring our ,african ,mission to that ,board or some other organization1 be referred to the ,executive ,committee with power1 provided that it be made certain that the ,mendi ,mission1 so dear to the hearts of many of the ,association1 be in some way sustained hereafter4 ,m4 ,,mcg4 ,,dana1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,indians4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,the ,committee on ,indian ,missions would report3 ,first4 ,that the work of this ,association among the ,indians--a work so small that the expenditure for it is only about one-fifth that for the ,chinese in ,america--has been prospered during the last year4 ,the blessing of the ,master rests upon it1 and our thanksgiving and prayers should be stimulated thereby4 ,second4 ,we heartily approve of its plan to combine an industrial with a literary education1 that the boys and girls may take the lead in ,christian arts as in ,christian culture4 ,yet the experiment of training them in schools far from home should be carefully watched1 lest there be formed a gulf of separation between the tribe and its educated youth1 a gulf so deep that those returning from ,hampton shall1 through social longings1 lapse into the customs of their fathers1 or else shall stand aloof from their people in cultured isolation4 ,we should subordinate individual advancement to tribal advantage2 the benefit of the few to that of the many2 and for this purpose schools are being established nearer home4 ,hence we recommend the careful study of the results of the experiment4 ,third4 ,we would earnestly press the evangelistic work among the ,indians4 ,they are to stay with us4 ,they are soon to be of us1 citizens with us of this ,republic4 ,so much is written in the providence of ,god4 ,to educate them is not enough4 ,the federal government is increasingly engaged in this4 ,but its ,commissioner of ,indian ,affairs1 the ,hon4 ,h4 ,price1 in his forthcoming report says3 8,civilization is a plant of exceeding slow growth unless supplemented by ,christian teaching and influence40 8,in no other manner and by no other means1 in my judgment1 can our ,indian population be so speedily and permanently reclaimed from barbarism1 idolatry1 and savage life as by the educational and missionary operations of the ,christian people of our country40 ,christianized education is the watchword1 the vitalizing of all the truth of ,god with the love and spirit of ,god4 ,this means more than schools2 it means ,christian schools and ,christian churches4 ,for this very work this ,association has been ordained of ,god1 and it should enlarge its work to the demands of the hour4 ,the proposed exchange with the ,american ,board means1 for this society1 enlargement4 ,the rapid progress of the ,indian towards citizenship demands enlargement4 ,god calls this ,association to enlarge its ,indian missions that it may prepare both the negro and the ,indian for citizenship and ,god4 ,fourth4 ,we believe that the welfare of the ,indian demands the abolition of both tribal and reservation relations1 the allotment of their lands in severalty1 their amenability to ,state and federal laws and courts4 ,and while we recognize with gratitude the past attempts of our national government in these directions1 we need to press upon ,congress the duty of renewing its endeavors and enlarging its appropriations for schools1 that it may speedily turn these wards into industrious citizens4 ,and for this end we would recommend that a committee of nine be appointed by this ,association to memorialize ,congress to place the ,indian by the side of the negro and other citizens in the right to buy1 own1 and sell property1 real and personal1 to work at what he pleases1 and live where he pleases1 to have the same standing before the law1 to vote and hold office1 in short to possess all the rights and obligations of citizens of the ,republic4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,ross1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,work ,,and ,,duty ,,in ,,the ,,east4 ,,by ,,gen4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,armstrong4 ,at ,hampton there are ninety1 and at ,carlisle there are nearly three hundred ,indians--boys and girls--who are learning civilization as an object lesson1 and are themselves an object lesson to the centres of intelligence and wealth1 where is the sentiment that inspires and the means that provide for the combined practical and spiritual teaching of the red man4 ,they suffice1 perhaps1 for a tangible proof of the ,indian's capacity1 of which the need was great2 their effect upon public sentiment has been marked4 ,the result with these ,indians has1 so far1 proved satisfactory4 ,scattering these pupils among the farmers of ,massachusetts and of ,pennsylvania for a portion of the year1 has had such a good effect mutually1 that five hundred more might well be so placed in various ,states1 under the care of special agents1 with proper rendezvous where the sick or unsatisfactory might be kept with a view to returning home1 say ten per cent1 of the entire number4 ,the ,negro institutions at ,nashville1 ,tenn41 at ,talladega1 ,alabama1 and elsewhere1 could do excellent work for them4 ,the aims and methods of most white schools render them unfit for ,indians4 ,we have found the weak point of the race to be physical1 not mental or moral4 ,they can endure the hardships peculiar to the plains1 but not steady work from day to day4 ,they are tainted with inherited disease2 the lungs are their weak point4 ,they are sinewy but not muscular2 however1 as a race they hold their own with favorable surroundings1 are not decreasing seriously1 if at all1 and will not settle the problem by dying out4 ,mechanically they have proved apt to learn1 but slow to execute4 ,our ,hampton ,indian work-shops have this year supplied the ,indian ,department with two thousand pairs of men's brogan shoes1 five hundred dozen articles of tinware1 and seventy-five sets of double plow harness1 which were pronounced by the inspectors well-made and satisfactory4 ,carlisle has done more4 ,both girls and boys take quickly and kindly to neatness and to industrial pursuits1 as well as to books4 ,they are as eager as the ,negroes for knowledge1 and become more and more so as they advance4 ,want of ambition is the least of their troubles4 ,teaching them is hard work1 but interesting and stimulating in the highest degree4 ,they resent injury1 but are not revengeful2 not a sign of treachery in nearly five years4 ,religiously1 they are1 ,i believe1 the most hopeful of the heathen races4 ,the vastness and the grandeur of the ,west has affected them as desert life has the ,arabs2 they are remarkably ,oriental in customs and ideas4 ,they worship no fetish1 there are no idols to break1 but they have a crude faith to be cleared1 dim eyes to be opened4 ,christian efforts1 under the care of ,archdeacon ,kirby of the ,episcopal ,church1 have evangelized ten thousand ,indians of ,british ,america1 in their simple natural life4 ,the mixed1 harassed condition of our own1 makes the work far more difficult4 ,the mingling of races at ,hampton has worked well2 they are mutually helpful and stimulating4 ,an ,indian classmate is kindly1 thoughtfully treated by his colored compeers4 ,a race that has been led is leading another4 ,the 8,house-,father10 chief of our sixty ,sioux boys1 is a negro4 ,with perhaps finer mental and moral texture1 the red race does not produce half enough to feed itself2 the rougher1 stronger blacks have not thrown a pauper upon the country1 and raise raw material for the mills of ,christendom4 ,with benevolent intentions we have diminished and weakened the one2 using the other only for selfish purposes1 it has multiplied and grown stronger4 ,bringing both races under the care of the ,american ,missionary ,association is most fitting and wise4 ,both are peculiarly the concern of the ,american people1 are providentially committed to our care1 and are a part of us4 ,in doing for them we are doing for ourselves1 our children1 and our country4 ,on the ,indian girl rests most heavily the weight of past and present influences4 ,when1 in ,october1 #ahha1 ,i took #be ,indian boys and five girls back to their ,dakota homes1 after three years' training at ,hampton1 the former were readily placed in rooms by themselves1 away from the camp1 employed in agency work-shops at the trades they had learned1 and thus helped on greatly4 ,the girls could not be so isolated2 they had no trades1 and though they could make their own garments and do housework1 there were not suitable situations for them2 they returned to their mothers and grandmothers1 who might sell them to the brave who would pay the highest price in ponies for them4 ,one of the five1 an earnest ,christian1 wrote3 8,hard to be good woman out here40 ,she finally married a white man of good repute4 ,another is reported as a most satisfactory house servant in the family of a missionary2 another keeps her father's store and books4 ,he is one of the best and most thrifty of ,indians2 but the family live in one room in a log house4 ,two others1 younger1 are waiting an opportunity to return to ,hampton for two years' more training1 with a view to becoming teachers4 ,teaching is the career for ,indian girls1 as it has been the one way for colored girls of the ,south to be more than drudges2 there it is the only field for a womanly ambition4 ,the increase of educational work for ,indians creates some hope for their girls1 on whom rests the future of their race4 ,there is a tendency to increase our ,indians' course of study to longer than three years4 ,one set having returned1 the ,indians1 whose parental feelings are tender and strong1 are more trustful of us1 and readily consent to a longer absence of their children4 ,one boy has already returned at his own expense1 and another is saving his money for the purpose1 both to learn more and to perfect themselves in their trade of shoemaking4 ,the sooner the ,indian can stand without government aid1 the better4 ,any boy can return who will pay his way back4 ,this gives a motive to work1 and creates appreciation of his opportunities4 ,for the practical necessities of ,indian life their training should be practical4 ,we give half the day to study and half to labor4 ,an education which does not fit them to take care of themselves may do them more harm than good4 ,i think that when charity and the government are linked together for ,indian work1 the former should erect the buildings and maintain the teachers1 the latter supply the wants of the body4 ,united ,states beef and flour and shoes are as good as any body's1 but government employs1 as our civil service stands1 are not the men to elevate the ,indian4 ,the telling factor in all work for men is the person who does it4 ,unless that shall be supplied from the pure fountains of our ,christian civilization it will not1 as a rule1 be supplied at all4 ,i refer to the educational work at the agencies2 there the government day and boarding schools should be strictly responsible to the controlling power1 and their moral value will be that of the agent in charge4 ,missionary institutions should stimulate these1 and should be conducted by superior men and women directly responsible to their ,eastern supporters4 ,i call it sham missionary work to send out ,christian teachers to be supported on public pay4 ,the churches who do that1 and some do1 are doing nothing4 ,let us first send our own teachers for the ,indians1 and then fit them to become their own teachers2 to make the teachers is to make the people4 ,the free ,negro schools in the ,south are vitalized by a number of strong central institutions under ,northern men that train the picked growth of the race as teachers4 ,this is1 ,i think1 the true relation of ,eastern charity to the ,indian4 ,there should be an excellent boarding and industrial school at each important agency for this purpose4 ,getting fifteen dollars a month of government for food and clothing for each pupil need not in the least weaken the independence or morals of teachers4 ,the friends of the ,indian will do the rest4 ,the situation is critical1 the opportunity is great2 the rising tide of public sentiment1 the movement at ,washington1 the eagerness as well as the exigency of the red man mean much4 ,but this work needs a leader2 it will drag if thrown on an overloaded man4 ,the man is as much as the money2 the one will bring the other1 both by wise appeals and good work that will commend itself to the country4 ,for more than a century ,indians rejected our civilization2 now their thinking men1 for they are a race of thinkers1 forecast the future and wish their children taught the white man's way as their only hope4 ,they do not choose this2 they are compelled to it4 ,hundreds1 thousands1 are waiting for an education4 ,they beg for what they once refused4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,chinese4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,your ,committee on the ,chinese ,mission of the ,association have agreed upon the following report3 ,there are three points which demand special thanksgiving to ,god4 ,first4 ,the manifestly wise policy of the ,association on the whole question of ,christianizing the ,chinese4 ,this appears 7#a7 in the noble stand it has taken and the work it is doing for education and ,christianity on our ,pacific coast1 thus uttering a perpetual rebuke to the intolerable selfishness and barbarism of political parties in the passage of the anti-,chinese bill2 7#b7 in the admirable disposition made of the proposed mission in ,china itself4 ,the desire of earnest ,christian ,chinamen in ,california that a mission be started in ,southern ,china1 which might be a 8rallying centre0 of ,christian influence for converted men on their return home1 and from which they could 8go forth to carry the gospel to their countrymen10 is a desire which must commend itself to reason2 and the readiness of these ,christian ,chinamen to aid such a movement with contributions of their own is worthy of the highest commendation4 ,moreover1 that ,hong ,kong1 that great gateway of ,chinese emigration1 that district wrenched away from the ,chinese by ,english selfishness and rapacity forty years ago1 in the ignominious struggle of the opium war1 should be the place agreed upon for that mission1 seemed peculiarly fitting4 ,but that this ,association should be the body to establish the mission there1 thus distracting attention from its great peculiar work at home1 and dividing the contributions of ,american ,congregational churches between two foreign ,congregational boards in ,china1 could hardly seem wise to any4 ,how gratifying then to learn that this ,association1 holding to the purpose of no more missions abroad1 has successfully arranged with the ,american ,board to accept and carry forward this movement at ,hong ,kong4 ,the principle of simplicity of arrangement and economical division of labor among our great benevolent societies is thus endorsed once for all4 ,second4 ,the second point calling for thanksgiving is the marked success of the work among the ,chinese on the ,pacific coast4 ,there is no more promising work for ,china1 as a whole1 in all the world1 than that now being done by the ,california ,chinese ,mission4 ,its fifteen schools1 with thirty-one teachers1 eleven of whom are converted ,chinamen1 twenty-five hundred scholars--an increase of almost a thousand over last year1 and a hundred and six conversions to ,christ1 all show that it is no longer a mere experiment4 ,the efficient ,christian organization known as the ,congregational ,association of ,christian ,chinese1 with its missionary spirit and liberal contributions1 demonstrate the fact on our own soil that the ,chinamen1 like others1 when touched by the spirit of ,christ1 are a power for righteousness4 ,third4 ,the recent influx of #be1jjj ,chinamen1 hastening to reach our shores before the pagan bill of ,congress should go into effect1 has suddenly increased the demand for laborers and money4 ,the work on the ,pacific coast ought not to receive less than #ac1jjj the coming year1 that the #abe1jjj ,chinese already in the country may1 during the ten years of national disgrace1 be quietly fitted to become a great ,christian power for the elevation of their countrymen4 ,while the anti-,chinese outcry from ,california has filled the ears of the nation1 your ,committee wishes to recognize with thanksgiving the noble work which many of the ,christians of that ,state have done and are doing for ,china and for ,christ4 ,the ,chinese missions of the ,association are at present restricted to the ,state of ,california4 ,but your ,committee are impressed with the importance to the ,association1 in this part of its work1 of full and exact information as to the condition of the ,chinese population throughout the country1 and as to the work done in their behalf by various ,christian agencies1 and especially by the local churches of various denominations4 ,and we recommend that a systematic inquiry be instituted on this subject1 the result of which shall be reported at the next annual meeting4 ,,james ,,brand1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,,james ,,brand1 ,d4,d4 ,,mr4 ,,president3 ,at one of the former meetings of this ,association1 one speaker1 in pleading for ,china1 proposed that the audience go with him1 in imagination1 to the ,chinese quarter in ,san ,francisco1 in order that from a personal inspection of the thrift1 economy and order manifested there he might get an argument for ,christian sympathy and support in ,chinese education4 ,they did so and the argument was good4 ,at the same meeting1 another speaker1 pleading the same cause1 proposed to the audience to go with him to a more sacred place than the ,chinese quarter1 namely1 the battle-fields of the war1 that he might gather from the memory and suggestions of those hallowed places an argument for the maintenance of the national and ,christian principles contended for in that war1 and hence an argument for the ,christian treatment of the ,chinese4 ,now1 in getting the purchase for another argument for the same unhappy people1 ,i propose that you go for a few moments with me to a more sacred place still than either the ,chinese quarter or the battle-fields of the war4 ,i mean that upper room where1 eighteen centuries ago1 occurred that last1 long interview between ,christ and his disciples1 before the crucifixion4 ,let us reverently step in there and stand behind that little circle of the eleven4 ,let us catch the spirit and the suggestions of that tender and holy scene4 ,the ,divine ,one is speaking his last words to those men who are soon to go forth and undertake the conversion of the world4 ,what is his most weighty thought8 ,it is that which was expressed in his closing prayer3 8,as thou hast sent me into the world even so have ,i sent them into the world20 that is1 the mission of ,christian men in the world was to be the same as ,his own4 ,it was to be a mission of vicarious suffering and service for all the world4 ,men were dying in their sins in all countries4 ,the nations were sitting in the shadow of death4 ,generations were tramping on1 each in the track of the others1 to hopeless doom4 ,they did not know ,god's redeeming love4 ,it is this spectacle of humanity rushing on to a hopeless eternity1 that puts that solemn and intense tone into the ,saviour's voice as ,he talks and prays4 ,they were to be men like ,christ4 ,they were to go into all the world1 bearing the love of ,god4 ,this is what the world needs4 ,this world of faith in force1 and faith in diplomacy1 and faith in partisan politics2 this world of faith in intellectual skill2 this world of brain power1 elaborating expedients2 this world of self-seeking refinement2 these nations that are under the shadow of death are all sending up through the gloom of their moral miseries the inarticulate cry to ,god for just this ,christlike mission of loving men1 to the world4 ,this1 then1 is the warrant2 this is the groundwork of my plea for ,china4 ,it is not that the ,chinese are very worthy1 or that our nation ought to be very consistent with its fundamental principles1 but it is that #djj1jjj1jjj souls need a ,saviour from sin1 and we1 whose mission is identical with ,christ's1 have something to do in the case4 ,this applies1 of course1 to all nations as well as the ,chinese1 but ,i plead for a special application of the principle to ,china on two grounds3 ,i4 ,because of the vastness and need of ,china and the peculiar relation it now sustains to ourselves4 ,what have we done for her people8 ,we have shut our door in their face4 ,we have said no poor laboring man of ,china shall feed his children on our shore for ten years to come4 ,three hundred and thirty thousand of them will have gone into eternity before these ten black years shall have expired6 ,do we not hear the echo of that tender voice from that upper room1 8,inasmuch as ye did it unto these1 ye have done it unto me08 ,,ii4 ,i plead for ,china because of the wrongs she has suffered at nominally ,christian hands1 and especially at the hands of the ,united ,states ,government4 ,the anti-,chinese bill is a violation of treaty1 a violation of the spirit of impartial justice to foreigners1 a violation of our own interest1 because opposed to the spirit of ,christ1 which when resisted always reacts4 ,it was carried through1 like the opium trade1 for present personal advantage on a small scale4 ,it is the child of partisan politics1 born out of a fear lest other foreign laborers1 finding themselves underbidden by the more economical ,chinese1 might raise an outcry1 and disturb the equilibrium of party power4 ,hence1 to gain votes1 one party will sacrifice national policy and ,christian principle1 and the other will do the same rather than lose votes4 ,thus ,china must be affronted1 and ,christianity dishonored before the world4 ,it is not1 however1 the ,american people as such who have done this thing--thank ,god for that6 ,whenever the national conscience has spoken at all on the subject1 it has spoken against it4 ,this anti-,chinese legislation is the adoption1 in ,america1 of the old barbaric cast-off policy of exclusion1 which ,china herself has pursued for centuries toward other nations4 ,china is going forward3 we have gone back4 ,now what is to be the result in this case8 ,it must be reaction4 ,there must come reaction against ,american commerce1 losing more than it gains1 reaction against ,american integrity as to treaty stipulations1 awakening ,chinese distrust and hate1 casting a blight upon ,western civilization and1 worst of all1 defeating ,american ,christianity4 ,the great ,american nation has divided at the ,chinese quarter4 ,say what you will1 that ,chinese quarter in ,san ,francisco has become the great moral divortium or water-shed of ,america where ,christian and anti-,christian sentiment divide4 ,on one side the ,chinese workman is mobbed1 excluded2 on the other he is educated and led to ,christ4 ,on the one side men act for party ends and call the ,chinaman a 8heathen dog20 on the other they recognize him with all his infirmities as a man for whom ,christ died1 and call him brother4 ,this is a tremendous responsibility we assume when we thus prejudice a fifth part of the human family against the religion of ,christ4 ,now1 then1 if we make special pleas for the ,indian because we have manifestly wronged him and ought to make amends2 if we are under special obligation to the freedman because we have sinned against him1 or because he may become an important link between our ,christianity and perishing ,africa1 why is not the same argument good for the ,chinese on the ,pacific coast8 ,surely1 in ,god's sight1 these ten black years ought to be ten very bright years for the ,christian schools for ,chinamen in ,california4 ,china ought to have at the end of that time a larger force of native missionaries trained up on the ,pacific slope than all the ,christian workers employed in that great empire to-day4 ,the truth is1 we are all taking one side or the other of this question4 ,in deciding which it shall be let us keep in mind the noble sentiment of ,henry ,richard4 ,speaking on the opium question in the ,house of ,commons1 he said1 8,i am not ashamed to say that ,i am one of those who believe that there is a ,god who ruleth in the kingdom of men1 and that it is not safe for a community1 any more than an individual1 recklessly and habitually to affront those great principles of truth and justice and humanity1 on which1 ,i believe1 ,he governs the world4 ,and we may be quite sure of this1 that1 in spite of our pride of place and power1 in spite of our vast possessions and enormous resources1 in spite of our boasted force by land and sea1 if we come into conflict with that ,power we shall be crushed like an egg-shell against the granite rock40 ,better still1 let us listen again for the serious tone of the ,divine prayer in that upper room4 8,i pray for them2 ,i pray not for the world1 but for them which thou hast given me1 for they are thine4 ,and now ,i am no more in the world but these are in the world4 ,holy ,father1 keep them60 ,while the shadow of to-morrow's cross was already darkening his path1 his thought was not for himself but for them4 8,these are in the world10 and to be in it1 to work1 to choose1 to suffer in it--8in the world10 and so are tempted to use the world's tactics1 tempted to lose sight of their great commission and to become callous to the world's needs--8in the world10 and so they have to settle momentous questions--8in the world10 having to meet its pains1 its storms1 its falsehood1 its curse1 its fascinations1 and so1 may lose sight of the claims of thy kingdom of love3 ,holy ,father1 keep them6 ,keep them6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,finance4 ,your ,committee on ,finance beg leave to report that they have examined the ,treasurer's statements of receipts and expenditures and find them properly certified as correct by the auditors4 ,also the trial balance1 and the list of trust funds1 and the books of accounts are so certified4 ,the trust funds appear to be securely invested and wisely administered for the purposes for which they were created4 ,we find that the accounts of the ,treasurer are carefully kept and that the control and disbursement of the current funds of the ,association are conducted in a thoroughly systematic and business-like manner1 with ample safeguards against error and loss4 ,your ,committee take pleasure in commending the wisdom1 fidelity and economy of the officers and ,executive ,committee in the financial administration of the great trusts confided to their care4 ,it is gratifying to find that the expenditures of the ,association have been so carefully guarded and distributed that for six consecutive years last past they have not exceeded the annual income4 ,during this period a large indebtedness previously incurred has been wholly paid and no new indebtedness created in any department of its work4 ,the balance in the treasury is #ghi4hc1 after paying all bills due to ,september #cj4 ,there is every reason to expect that this satisfactory condition of things will be continued through the generosity of the churches to this cause4 ,at the last annual meeting1 your ,committee on ,finance recommended that the churches increase their contributions from #bdc1jjj to #cjj1jjj for the then current year2 and the reports submitted at this meeting show that this was done within #c1jjj4 ,this additional sum of #ed1jjj has been used partly in completing the college buildings at ,talladega1 ,ala41 and ,strieby ,hall1 at ,tougaloo1 ,miss4 ,it has also greatly helped in the support of needy students1 besides materially increasing the working force and general church and school efficiency4 ,it is worthy of remark that almost every dollar of this increased contribution has done effective work in the mission fields1 since1 while the receipts for the past two years have been more than #ajj1jjj larger than in the two years next preceding them1 the expense of raising and disbursing these funds and managing the affairs of the ,association has increased less than #djj per annum1 thus showing that the ,association is fully equipped for a much larger work without additional cost for the machinery of administration4 ,this fact constitutes a strong appeal to the benevolent who wish their gifts applied without waste or diminution to the good ends for which they are bestowed4 ,these more ample facilities for church and educational work bring with them larger demands for funds1 so that simply to preserve its efficiency in fields already occupied the ,association requires an annual increase in contributions4 ,besides1 new demands are continually made for new foundations in different places4 ,from the reports and papers submitted at this meeting1 we gather that #e1jjj more than last year will be needed to increase the work among the ,chinese in ,california2 #bj1jjj more for the enlargement of the work among the ,indians2 #be1jjj more for the support of schools and churches among the ,freedmen1 and #be1jjj more towards the building of ,smith ,college at ,little ,rock1 ,ark4 ,in view of all these facts and reasons1 the urgency of which all friends of the ,association will readily appreciate1 your ,committee recommend that at least #ej1jjj be added to the current income of the ,association for general uses during the next fiscal year1 and express the earnest hope that the further sum of #be1jjj may be obtained for special purposes1 making a grand total for #ahhb-c of #cge1jjj4 ,j4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,cowles1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,petition ,,of ,,president ,e4 ,a4 ,,ware ,,and ,,others4 ,,referred ,,to ,,the ,,executive ,,committee4 ,we1 the undersigned ministers and teachers1 representing the work of the ,american ,missionary ,association1 mainly in the ,state of ,georgia1 respectfully petition the annual meeting of the ,association about to assemble at ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 that they appoint a committee of five1 more or less1 who shall report at the annual meeting in #ahhc with reference to the policy that should govern the ,association and its representatives in matters suggested by the following questions3 ,first4 ,is it the mission of the ,association to work solely among the three despised races1 so called1 or through its work for these races to labor for the upbuilding of other people without distinction of race as rapidly as they can be brought within the sphere of its influence8 ,second4 ,should it or should it not be the policy of the ,association to establish separate churches or schools for different races8 ,third4 ,what should be the relations of comity between the ,association and our other benevolent societies when undertaking to do missionary work of the same nature in the same field8 ,fourth4 ,what light1 if any1 is shed upon the foregoing questions by the history of the foundation and early work of the ,association8 ,we would suggest that the committee be instructed to invite correspondence from the officers of the ,association1 from the officers of our other missionary societies1 from all workers in the field1 and from others interested1 and that the report be published in the religious press at least two months before the annual meeting of #ahhc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,exchange ,,of ,,missions4 ,,by ,,secretary ,,strieby4 ,at the regular meeting of the ,executive ,committee of the ,american ,missionary ,association1 held ,sept4 #aa1 #ahhb1 the following resolution was adopted3 ,resolved1 ,that a committee of three be appointed to invite a conference with the ,am4 ,board respecting the advisability of transferring our ,african work to the ,board1 and assuming the work among the ,indians now carried on by the ,board4 ,in accordance with this vote a delegation from our ,executive ,committee1 consisting of ,drs4 ,ward and ,roy1 ,mr4 ,mead and ,secretary ,strieby held an interview with the ,prudential ,committee of the ,american ,board in ,boston1 ,sept4 #ad1 at which the proposed exchange was fully and fraternally considered4 ,the ,prudential ,committee of the ,board subsequently passed a resolution recommending to the ,board the approval of the transfer1 if all legal and other difficulties could be obviated4 ,in response1 the ,board1 at its late meeting in ,portland1 ,oct4 #c1 passed the following resolution3 ,resolved1 ,that further arrangements for the ,dakota ,mission be referred to the ,prudential ,committee with power1 but with the earnest recommendation that the whole mission be transferred to the care of the ,american ,missionary ,association1 unless the practical difficulties shall prove to be insuperable4 ,on the #acth of ,october1 a meeting was held in ,new ,york1 of a special committee of the ,prudential ,committee of the ,board1 and of a special committee of the ,ex4 ,com4 of the ,a4 ,m4 ,a41 in which the principles and methods1 as well as the difficulties in the way of the transfer1 were again considered4 ,the spirit of that meeting was not that of sharp bargaining in commercial values1 but of an earnest desire on the part of ,christian brethren1 representing affiliated missionary societies to consummate an arrangement that would facilitate the upbuilding of the ,redeemer's ,kingdom4 ,yet commercial values were canvassed4 ,the ,board has in its ,indian missions1 buildings for churches and schools1 and other property1 estimated at #cf1jjj4 ,the value of the properly of the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 at the ,mendi ,mission can be stated with less definiteness1 but the buildings for churches1 schools1 and industrial work can hardly be worth as much as that of the ,board in the ,dakota ,mission4 ,but in addition to this property there is the fund from the estate of ,rev4 ,charles ,avery1 for ,african missions4 ,the points of difficulty suggested and discussed were3 the legal authority of the ,association to transfer this ,avery fund2 the continuance of the ,mendi ,mission by the ,board2 and its assumption of the ,arthington ,mission4 ,on the first point--the transfer of the ,avery fund--a legal opinion1 very clear1 and so far as could be judged1 satisfactory1 was obtained1 of which the following is the decisive portion4 8,under the bequest thus given to the ,american ,missionary ,association1 it cannot lawfully delegate to another the discretion which the testator has intrusted specifically to it4 ,but it may delegate to others the execution of purposes which are approved by its discretion1 and which are within the objects defined by the testator4 ,it may employ the agency of its own officers and servants in the application of the income1 or it may employ the agency of other organizations1 as in its discretion may be most fit1 useful and efficient in accomplishing the testator's purposes40 ,in regard to the second point1 the ,committee of the ,american ,missionary ,association expressed the wish that the ,mendi ,mission should be continued1 while the representatives of the ,board deemed it unadvisable1 on account of the great enlargement of its ,african work recently entered upon2 and on the third point1 in like manner and for the same reasons1 they thought the ,board would be indisposed to assume the responsibilities of the ,arthington ,mission4 ,no final settlement of these points was attempted1 it being deemed necessary to wait until this annual meeting of the ,association should1 if it thought best1 approve of the exchange of the missions1 and1 as the ,board had done1 remit to the ,committee the authority to arrange details4 ,with a view to securing such approval1 ,i shall now proceed in behalf of the ,executive ,committee to give the reasons for the exchange of missions4 #a4 ,it is believed that the churches desire the exchange4 ,a living missionary society must have a vital connection with the churches4 ,thence mainly come its funds1 and funds are as essential to it as to a bank or factory2 yet if it get from them nothing but funds1 it is no better than a bank or factory4 ,it needs to be grounded in the confidence of the churches1 and to be permeated in every branch and fibre by their piety and prayers4 ,the wishes1 therefore1 of the churches as to methods as well as aims should be sought and heeded4 ,do the churches desire this change8 ,that they do1 ,i offer in evidence the effort made to that end in the ,national ,council at ,new ,haven4 ,that effort was no sudden impulse originating in the mind of a single individual1 and as suddenly laid aside by the ,council4 ,an elaborate report on the subject was presented and discussed at great length4 ,it is true that the movement was not successful1 yet it was full of significance1 mainly from the character of those who pressed it4 ,they were among the strongest and most influential men in the denomination4 ,they were at the time outvoted1 but their convictions were not changed1 nor in so far as they were representative men is the weight of their testimony to be disregarded4 ,passing down to the present time1 we come to the respectful resolution adopted by the ,congregational ,association of ,ohio1 asking for substantially this exchange4 ,this resolution is not the work of foes1 but of warmest friends1 as our cordial invitation and reception here abundantly testify4 ,but the most convincing fact of all is the reception which has been given to the announcement of the proposed change4 ,almost unanimously comes to us the assurance that the exchange is heartily approved by the churches4 ,i have said 8almost0 unanimously1 for there have come to us1 from a few old and tried friends1 words of regret that we should abandon our work in ,africa1 so cherished in precious memories4 ,there may be more of sentiment than of sound judgment in this plea1 but ,i beg the privilege of expressing my personal sympathy with the feelings of these old friends4 ,when ,i think of the toils and sufferings of the workers in the ,mendi ,mission1 of the buried dead there1 and of the survivors now in this country1 with shattered health1 and when ,i think of the friends in this country and across the ocean who have sustained this mission by their prayers and offerings1 ,i am frank to admit that it has cost me sleepless hours and a sore heart to yield my consent to part with it--unimportant as that consent may be4 ,but in spite of all these sympathies and of old associations1 the reasons for the exchange seem to me so conclusive as to leave no room for hesitation2 and one of these strong reasons is the one ,i have just presented--the wishes of the churches4 #b4 ,the division will simplify the appeals in behalf of the two ,boards4 ,it is a surprise that so many people know so little about ,missionary and ,benevolent ,societies4 ,this is sometimes simply amusing1 as when at the recent meeting of the ,american ,board in ,portland1 it is said that an agent of a railroad centering in ,portland asked if the ,am4 ,board was an 8,odd ,fellows' ,society02 and an intelligent looking man was overheard instructing his friend that they were 8,freethinkers40 ,but the matter becomes serious when it results in the improper designation of bequests in wills and legacies4 ,people that leave legacies to missionary societies are certainly interested in them1 and might be supposed to know about them1 but mistakes are constantly made that invalidate legacies and cause perplexity to heirs and loss to missionary treasuries4 ,but it must be admitted that the present distribution of work and the appeals in its behalf foster the mistakes into which so many fall4 ,sec4 ,humphrey1 for example1 appears before a ,western conference and in eloquent and earnest words presents the broad claim of the ,american ,board1 dwelling with emphasis on the remarkable openings in ,africa1 an almost newly discovered continent1 and then calls for sympathy for the ,indians now lifting up their hands to welcome the white man's ,bible instead of his whisky4 ,then follows ,sec4 ,powell in his vigorous and breezy way1 telling not only of the colored man in the ,south but of the wonderful land of his fathers1 and follows this with a stirring appeal for the ,indians6 ,is it not too much to expect of the average ,christian that he should be able to separate these tangled branches and make each tree stand out before him in its own proper individuality8 ,but now1 if the ,am4 ,board1 with its history of nearly three-quarters of a century and its noble work in all parts of the foreign field1 is recognized as the sole agency of the ,congregational churches for foreign missions2 if the ,am4 ,home ,miss4 ,society1 with its record of more than half a century1 and with its field stretching from ,maine to ,california1 dotted all over with the monuments of its beneficial labors and filled with a vast and ever-expanding population1 shall be the channel for distinctively home mission work2 and if the ,american ,missionary ,association1 with its peculiar and diversified educational and religious methods1 shall be set apart to the work among the colored people of the ,south and among the whites as far and as fast as the vanishing of caste prejudice will permit1 and also among the ,indians and the ,chinamen on the ,pacific ,slope1 then will the distinction between the several societies be made clear1 and ,benevolence1 which1 like commercial capital1 is cautious1 will see before it open and distinct channels1 through which it may pour its benefactions4 #c4 ,providential indications point to the change4 ,missionary ,societies1 if vital and effective1 are born of the ,spirit1 but developed in outer form and methods of work by providential events1 and if their usefulness continues1 they must not remain stagnant1 but be obedient to the call of providential changes4 ,the ,american ,board once wisely embraced three denominations of ,christians1 ,congregationalists1 ,presbyterians and ,dutch ,reformed4 ,but the growth of those denominations and of the missionary zeal in them1 made it clear that each would do more good if working separately1 calling out the individual responsibility of the several denominations1 and the result has abundantly verified the anticipation4 ,so1 too1 has the ,board modified its work4 ,the changes in its ,indian missions1 once reaching far ,south and now confined to ,dakota1 may be cited as an illustration1 not of the ,board's fickleness1 but of its wisdom4 ,the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 has been guided to marked changes4 ,its original aim was to do mission work free from all possible complications with slavery4 ,it did not1 as ,i understand the matter1 assume that all other ,boards were in favor of slavery1 while it alone was opposed to it1 but its founders felt that the time had come when their consciences could be no longer satisfied unless their missionary contributions and labors constituted an active and public protest against slavery4 ,the breadth of this principle included all forms of missionary efforts1 and hence the constitution of the ,association provided for both home and foreign work1 and in its greatest enlargement on this basis1 it had about #aaj home missionaries in the field1 and its foreign missions extended to ,west ,africa1 ,jamaica1 the ,sandwich ,islands1 ,siam1 the ,copts in ,egypt1 the ,indians in the ,united ,states1 and the refugees in ,canada4 ,but the war changed the whole aspect of affairs for the ,association4 ,it set free the millions of slaves and gave the opportunity for reaching them directly with schools and the ,gospel4 ,the ,association at once concentrated its efforts upon these people1 having shortly before or soon after the war abandoned or transferred all its missions--home and foreign--except the ,mendi1 and this was retailed as cognate to its work among the ,freedmen in this country4 ,but now as we look back on the history of that mission1 so useful up to the date when we surrendered our other foreign missions1 and so comparatively unsuccessful since1 we are constrained to ask if it1 too1 should not then have been relinquished4 ,let me detail the facts3 ,at the annual meeting in #ahfa1 the ,mendi ,mission reported four stations1 three outstations and seven preaching places2 thirteen white missionaries on the ground1 two who had just returned to ,america1 and one under appointment--sixteen in all4 ,up to that date its schools and churches were prosperous1 converts were added1 a theological class was formed and one young man licensed to preach4 ,and in addition to this more direct evangelical work1 it has exerted a marked and happy influence in averting war among the natives1 in checking the slave trade and in developing industry and commerce among the people4 ,i find this testimony concerning a single station of the mission1 that on the ,boom ,river3 8,the whole trade of this river has been developed within the last ten years4 ,it is now worth more than #dj1jjj a year4 ,the coast1 or slave trade to the ,north1 has been stopped4 ,natives1 in their own canoes1 carry their produce to market1 which only four years ago was bartered away for half its value4 ,the credit for this change is due to the mission4 ,the industry of the people has increased ten-fold through that influence40 ,the mission at that date was the most conspicuous work of the ,association1 and the account of it stands at the head of the ,annual ,report1 and occupies seven pages4 ,but at the close of the war1 only four years later1 this mission took its place at the close of the ,report1 occupied only a page and a half1 and the sadly significant lines on that page and a half were3 8,the increased expense 7owing to the very high rate of exchange7 combined with the great demand for missionary labors among the freedmen and the absorption of young and middle-aged men in the armies of the country1 has deprived the committee of the ability to reinforce the mission as it needs4 ,for no inconsiderable portion of the year1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,hinman and wife have been the only white missionaries at the mission40 ,for more than ten years the mission remained inadequately recruited4 ,in #ahgf we sent the loved and lamented ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,smith to explore the field with the view to enlargement1 but1 alas6 he never returned to tell us the story1 and his bones hallow the soil of ,west ,africa4 ,in #ahgg we inaugurated the effort to supply the mission with the educated sons and daughters of the freedmen4 ,from #ahgg to #ahha we sent thither fourteen missionaries with five children--nineteen in all4 ,to-day there is but one of these at the mission4 ,finally an effort was made to recruit the ,mendi mission with well-trained colored men1 but our efforts thus far have been unsuccessful4 ,if twenty-one years ago we could have foreseen these results1 could we have felt justified in going forward with the mission2 and with the results now before us as history1 can we hesitate to surrender it to another ,board8 ,does not the ,lord of missions seem to say to the ,association3 ,i have other work for you8 ,before passing from this subject it should be stated that our experiment has been favorable as to the health of colored ,americans in ,africa4 ,of the nineteen colored missionaries sent thither since the year #ahgg1 only three have died1 one man and two women1 and in none of these cases did death result directly from the effects of the climate4 ,the retirement has in many cases been due to the ill-health of the wives4 ,the result emphasizes the necessity of very close medical examination1 especially of the women1 and of maturity of judgment and character in the missionaries and of adequate preparation in study4 ,in #ahgi ,mr4 ,robert ,arthington made to the ,association the generous offer of #ae1jjj1 on condition that it would establish a mission within an area designated by him on the ,upper ,nile in tropical ,africa4 ,the ,committee expressed gratitude to ,mr4 ,arthington1 yet feeling the responsibility of so great an undertaking1 took suitable time for deliberation4 ,estimates were made as to the probable cost1 and with all the light available1 it was judged that #ej1jjj would equip and found the mission4 ,the ,committee then proposed to undertake the mission if our ,british friends would supplement ,mr4 ,arthington's gift with a like amount4 ,by the efforts of the ,freedmen's ,missions ,aid ,society this additional sum was secured1 and in #ahha ,rev4 ,mr4 ,ladd and ,dr4 ,snow made a preliminary exploration1 extending their trip #b1ejj miles up the ,nile1 only to find1 however1 the rebellion of the fanatical ,achmet in full career on the upper ,nile1 and barely escaping with their lives1 descended the river to find the rebellion of ,arabi ,pasha just ready to break forth4 ,the exploration was heroically and carefully made1 and yet it showed clearly that nothing could then be done towards establishing the mission1 nor can anything yet be attempted in the present disturbed condition of the ,nile basin4 ,in the meantime the experience of the ,british missions1 lately established in tropical ,africa1 shows us that a much larger sum than #ej1jjj would probably be needed to plant the mission2 and1 moreover1 it has become more clear that the sud--a collection of soil and weeds--so impedes the navigation of the ,nile above the mouth of the ,sobat as to render access to the site specially designated for the ,arthington ,mission extremely difficult1 uncertain1 and1 at times1 impossible4 ,under all circumstances it has become manifest that the farther prosecution of the effort to plant the ,arthington ,mission will involve the expenditure of greater sums of money1 and the encountering of much more formidable difficulties than we had anticipated at the outset--and raises the question as to the wisdom of transferring the fund1 with the possibilities of the mission1 to another ,board with larger resources and more experience1 or of returning the money to the generous donors4 ,turning now from this foreign work which the ,committee are disposed to transfer1 let me invite attention to the work which will be left to us1 and which1 in consequence of the exchange1 if made1 we can enlarge and prosecute with more vigor4 ,i begin with the work among the ,freedmen4 ,that work has been remarkably1 continuously and increasingly successful4 ,it has gone beyond the stage of experiment4 ,it is planted firmly on lands and in permanent buildings1 and still more firmly in the confidence of the colored people and in the respect of the white citizens4 ,it has been among the most important levers for the elevation of the colored people1 one of the strong influences in the settlement of our national problem1 and a most effective instrument in the spread of the pure ,gospel in the ,south4 ,it has reached a point where it ought to be greatly enlarged4 ,if ,congress shall pass the bill appropriating ten millions of dollars annually among the ,states on the basis of illiteracy1 it will give such a stimulus to common-school education in the ,south as to make a demand for teachers by the thousand where we and all other agencies supply only hundreds2 it will do the preliminary work in the education of a population that will call for a much larger number of educated ministers2 and it will give an uplift to the masses that will render leaders in business and professional life a necessity to their further progress and security4 ,the munificent gift of a million of dollars by ,mr4 ,slater will impart a grand impulse to the education of the colored people4 ,it will doubtless render important help to many societies2 it will come far short of meeting the full wants of any2 and it would be a sad mistake1 deprecated by no one more than ,mr4 ,slater himself1 if this great gift should weaken the sense of responsibility in others4 ,its greatest ultimate value will probably be in awakening other generous hearts to the fact that the work needs millions as well as hundreds and thousands4 ,this people are generations behind the ,anglo-,saxons in preparation for the duties of life1 and they and their children need not only as great1 but for the time being greater facilities to enable them to catch up in the race and then to march forward at even pace in the responsibilities and privileges of citizens and ,christians4 ,the time has come to push this great undertaking4 ,the nation is aroused to it1 and the ,american ,missionary ,association1 so well prepared for it1 needs only to be stripped of outer and foreign garments1 and to enter with disencumbered hands and redoubled energy and means into the great work to which it has been so plainly called4 ,nor by this concentration will the ,association lose sight of ,africa4 ,it believes as much as ever that ,god means that the ,freedmen have not only a great duty and destiny here1 but that they have also a special call and fitness to bear the ,gospel to the land of their fathers4 ,in its schools and churches it will direct their attention to this field1 and endeavor to inspire them with the missionary spirit4 ,the only change will be in the hands that shall lead them to ,africa and guide and cheer them on in the work there4 ,the ,association and the ,board will work harmoniously and more efficiently to this great end1 the one on this continent1 the other on that4 ,the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 is prepared to do an enlarged work among the ,indians4 ,popular consent in the churches supporting the ,association has assigned to it especially the care of the colored races in ,america4 ,there is a fitness in putting these together2 they are alike alien to ,european blood3 they are alike the victims of caste prejudice1 and they alike need schools as well as churches4 ,the ,association has been the strenuous opponent of race oppression and caste prejudice1 and has devoted itself to the varied modes of industrial1 educational and church work needed by these races4 ,they should no longer be regarded as the subject of foreign mission efforts4 ,the ,indians1 for example1 are the original inhabitants of the land1 and the strenuous efforts of those most interested in their welfare are to induce the government to make no treaties with them as foreigners1 but to bring them as rapidly as possible into the ranks of citizens1 sharing the protection of law and holding lands in severalty4 ,it is a hindrance to this desirable consummation if the ,indians are treated ecclesiastically and religiously as foreigners4 ,if the ,state makes them citizens the church ought certainly to regard them as 8no more strangers and foreigners1 but fellow citizens40 ,on the other hand1 no home mission board with its simple plan for aiding in the formation of churches and the support of ministers can adequately meet their wants4 ,they need the school and the industrial training as well as the church1 and these the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 is prepared to furnish and to carry forward under the light of its ample experience in the ,south4 ,the ,association is no stranger to the ,indian work4 ,at one time it had twenty-one missionaries among them4 ,it is true that its missions were abandoned in large measure and the efforts of the ,association concentrated upon the ,south4 ,but precious fruits are yet gathered from that neglected planting4 ,the ,association gave its hearty co-operation to the peace policy of ,gen4 ,grant1 rendering useful service to the ,government and the ,indians by the appointment of some good agents1 a few of whom1 notwithstanding all detractions and temptations1 are alive and remain unto this present4 ,it has aided in the education of ,indian youth at ,hampton1 and the ,committee had voted for the current year a much larger appropriation for ,indian work4 ,if the ,board shall transfer to it the ,dakota ,mission1 the responsibility and the call for funds may be larger than was anticipated1 but if it be the call of ,providence there will be no shrinking from duty4 ,caste-prejudice is the curse of most of the nations yet unconverted to ,christ1 and a great hindrance to the ,gospel4 ,in this country it is the bitterest force left by ,slavery--bitter in him who cherishes it1 and in him who suffers from it4 ,christianity must conquer it as it did slavery--for the world4 ,it can do this2 its love can subdue the pride of the ,caucasian1 and its light and power uplift the negro1 the ,chinaman and the ,indian4 ,to the practical preaching of this love and light must the ,american ,missionary ,association devote its concentrated efforts1 till all the people of this land shall come into the fellowship of the ,gospel and into the glorious liberty of the children of ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,addresses ,,at ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,president ,,hayes' ,,address4 ,mr4 ,president1 ,ladies and ,gentlemen4--,without preface ,i proceed at once to state the proposition to which ,i ask your considerate attention4 ,the friends of popular education believe that the time has fully come when national aid should be given wherever such aid is needed1 and to the extent that it is needed1 for the free education of all the citizens of the ,united ,states4 ,the grave necessity for national aid for education is in the ,southern ,states1 and especially for the colored people4 ,but the white people of the ,south also need it4 ,the people of ,new ,mexico and the other ,territories need it4 ,it is not improbable that by reason of immigration from countries where popular education is neglected1 some of the new ,states and some of the large cities may need it4 ,the ,indians did need it1 but happily the large appropriations recently made for their education--amounting to almost half a million of dollars for the next fiscal year1 and the action of the government during the last few years in behalf of their education at ,hampton1 at ,carlisle1 in ,oregon1 at the ,indian agencies1 and at tribal schools1 have at last fully committed the nation to the wise and beneficent policy of fitting the ,indians1 as far as practicable1 and as fast as practicable1 for the duties and privileges of ,american citizenship4 ,the bills pending in ,congress on the subject of national aid for education are of two classes4 ,one class seeks to establish a permanent fund by devoting to the purpose the receipts of the sales of the public lands1 or from the taxes on spirituous liquors1 or from other specified sources4 ,by the other class of measures the money required is appropriated directly from the public treasury4 ,the measure which perhaps meets with most favor is the latter class4 ,it requires that ten or fifteen millions of dollars a year shall be distributed among the ,states--each ,state to have that proportion of this sum which its illiteracy bears to the total illiteracy of the whole country4 ,this appropriation1 it is contemplated1 will be continued long enough to test the value of the measure1 or until the ,states themselves shall become able to provide for the free education of all citizens4 ,and now1 my friends1 what are the grounds upon which these measures are supported8 ,this question opens a wide field of discussion--a field so large that ,i do not hope to make even a hasty survey of the whole of it in the time limited by the proprieties of this occasion4 ,fortunately1 it is not at all important that ,i should attempt it4 ,the facts1 the figures and the arguments bearing on the subject are all familiar4 ,the embarrassment is that they have been repeated so often and presented so ably that one hesitates to spread them again before such an audience as this4 ,but if the question is asked1 why repeat what is already so familiar1 the reply is cogent and near at hand4 ,the evil we deplore and wish to remove still remains4 ,in spite of the work of the religious denominations1 and of benevolent associations and individuals1 the number of ignorant men armed with ballots which control the ,nation's destiny grows larger and larger4 ,congress hesitates to act1 has adopted no remedy1 and has not even reached a test vote on the question4 ,this leaves to the friends of free and universal education at the ,south no recourse1 except further agitation4 ,this is the ,american way to obtain from the government needed reforms4 ,senators and ,representatives have made reports and speeches1 which cover the whole ground4 ,voluminous and valuable writings leave nothing to be desired by the citizen who would conscientiously investigate this question4 ,there is another testimony in behalf of the right side of this important subject which must not be overlooked4 ,more than seventeen years have passed since the close of the great war which consolidated the ,union1 gave liberty to the slaves and opened the way for free education at the ,south4 ,during all of that time a stream of benevolent enterprises and efforts has been poured into the ,south in aid of this work by the various religious denominations and by missionary and charitable associations4 ,rich men have been glad to contribute to it generously out of their abundance4 ,many men and women from humble homes have nobly given their best years--their very lives--in the face of privations1 hardships and unparalleled discouragements to uplift an obscure and injured people just released from the house of bondage4 ,the history of these voluntary organizations and voluntary individual efforts is radiant with examples of self-sacrificing devotion in doing the work of the ,divine ,master1 which are at once touching and sublime4 ,if one could enumerate all that has been done1 contributed1 sacrificed and suffered by associations and individuals for the regeneration of the ,south1 it would go far toward demonstrating to the satisfaction of all fair-minded people that ,god has given to this generation of the prosperous citizens of the ,united ,states a duty and a privilege with respect to their countrymen of both races in the ,south of unexampled interest to the ,nation and to the cause of human freedom throughout the world4 ,but admirable as their work has been1 if we wisely consider the magnitude of the task that remains1 we shall begin to apprehend that we have only picked up here and there a few pebbles on the shore1 while the great ocean of ignorance stretches vast and untouched before us4 ,the following statistical tables are only too familiar3 ,number of ,males in the late ,slave-holding ,states twenty-one ,years of age and upward who could not ,read and ,write in #ahgj and #ahhj3 ------------#ahgj4------------ ------------#ahhj4------------ ,white4 ,colored4 ,white4 ,colored4 ,total #bag1cga #hej1jcb #daj1eej #idd1dbd ,total number of illiterates of voting age in the late slave-holding ,states in #ahgj #a1afg1cjc ,in #ahhj #a1ced1igd ,increase of illiterate voters in the ,south from #ahgj to #ahhj #ahg1fga ,increase of illiterate whites of voting age from #ahgj to #ahhj #ic1bgi ,increase of illiterate colored people of voting age from #ahgj to #ahhj #id1cib ,total number of males of voting age in the ,south in #ahhj #d1aed1abe ,total number of illiterate males of voting age in the ,south in #ahhj #a1ced1igd #cb4c per cent of the voters in the ,south are illiterate4 ,of the illiterates #fi4g per cent are colored and #cj4c are whites4 ,from these tables it appears that the illiterate voters in each one of the eight ,southern ,states having the largest proportion of emancipated slaves exceed in number the majority of votes ever cast even at the most important elections4 ,in one of these ,states the ignorant voters constitute an absolute majority of the total voting population of the ,state4 ,in more than one-third of the ,union the ignorant voters are almost one-third of the total number of voters4 ,most seriously important of all1 these tables show that the illiterate voters of the ,south have increased in the last ten years1 from #ahgj to #ahhj1 almost two hundred thousand4 ,this increase of ignorant voters in the last decade exceeds the number of votes cast in any one of more than twenty of the ,states of the ,union at the last ,presidential election4 ,adopting a phraseology that was very familiar in the political debates of a generation ago1 it may be truly said that ignorance at the ballot box has increased1 is increasing1 and ought to be diminished4 ,in the electoral colleges which choose the ,president1 in both ,houses of ,congress1 in all the departments of the national government1 ignorance at the ,south is as efficient for evil--as mischievous and dangerous--as if it was in ,new ,england or ,new ,york1 or here in the ,western ,reserve4 ,it was settled by the war for the ,union beyond recall that the ,united ,states constitute one people and have one national life1 one interest and one destiny4 ,recognizing this to be one of the legitimate results of the war1 the people of the ,nation by constitutional amendments entered into every ,state and defined and regulated those vital elements of free government--citizenship and suffrage4 ,in pursuance of these amendments the lately-emancipated slaves by the most solemn expression of the national will became citizens and voters4 ,in the presence of these facts1 how can a statesman say that under this ,constitution there is no duty and no power to give national aid to fit by education these freedmen for the responsible positions in which the ,nation has placed them8 ,under the ,constitution as it was before these vital amendments were made1 ,washington1 ,adams1 ,jefferson and other great men of the early days of the ,republic1 whom we are accustomed to call the 8,fathers10 by significant and solemn enactments and recommendations fully affirmed the principle that the general government could and ought to give encouragement and aid to the education of the people4 ,they placed in the ordinance of #aghg for the government of the ,northwest ,territory1 as the corner stone of the institutions they wished to build1 this article3 8,religion1 morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind1 schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged40 ,under every administration from the origin of the government to the present time1 appropriations of money or land for education in the ,states and ,territories have been made by the general government1 and it is now too late to question the constitutional power of ,congress to make such grants4 ,the exercise of this authority by ,congress is in strict accordance with the distribution of the governmental powers1 which is one of the distinguishing features of our ,american institutions4 ,whatever in civilized communities individual citizens can do better than any public authority is wisely left to individuals4 ,whatever local organizations1 such as counties1 towns and cities1 can more efficiently accomplish than individuals1 or the ,state1 or national government1 belongs to the local authorities4 ,the extensive range of powers which ,state governments can most beneficially exercise should be confided to the ,states4 ,the aim of the framers of the national ,constitution1 and of the people who have amended the original instrument1 has been to confer on the national government those supreme powers which would enable it to secure to the people of the ,united ,states1 8union10 8justice10 8tranquillity10 8the common defense10 8the general welfare10 and 8the blessings of liberty to themselves and their posterity40 ,the history of education in this country and in ,europe abundantly proves that individuals and communities never have and never can provide universal education4 ,government alone is adequate to the task4 ,in the free ,states1 in many cases1 after a long and doubtful struggle1 it has been settled that the ,state can and ought to provide free instruction for all its people4 ,in almost all of the late slave-holding ,states1 however1 especially in those ,states in which the number of colored people is large1 the efforts made since their reconstruction have conclusively shown that to establish and support an efficient system of free education without aid from the national government1 in the existing condition of the ,south1 is simply impossible4 ,the situation of the ,south is so manifestly exceptional that it is needless to dwell upon it4 ,slavery and free schools would not dwell together4 ,slavery did not1 could not1 tolerate universal education4 ,i do not pause to debate the question1 who was responsible for slavery4 ,it is perhaps enough to say that the ,union and the ,constitution breathed into this ,nation the breath of life1 and gave to it that glorious history of which we are so proud4 ,to the ,union and to the ,constitution we are indebted for our present prosperity1 power and prestige1 and the still more inspiring future which lies before us4 ,the ,union and the ,constitution1 to which we owe all that we are1 and have been1 and shall be1 contained and recognized slavery4 ,all who took part in forming the ,union or in framing the ,constitution1 all who maintained them down to the war which brought emancipation1 are in some degree and in some sense responsible for slavery4 ,the only ,american citizens who are in no way responsible for slavery are the sons of ,africa4 8,they are here by the crimes of our ancestors and the misfortunes of theirs40 ,and it is especially these colored people who now eagerly and with uplifted hands implore the ,nation for that light which education alone can give1 and without which they cannot discharge the duties which the ,constitution requires by making them citizens and voters4 ,the slaveholders of the ,south had their full share of educational facilities4 ,but when the war ended1 their impoverishment was more complete and disastrous than ever before befell a wealthy and civilized community4 ,without capital1 without credit1 without a labor system1 and burdened with debt1 they were in no condition to establish free schools4 ,want of means was not the only difficulty4 ,neither white nor colored people at the ,south had any knowledge or experience which would help them in establishing popular education4 ,the colored people were eager to learn4 ,to them education was a badge of freedom4 ,but encumbered with we know not how many centuries of barbarism behind them1 and certainly with two or three centuries of bondage1 they were utterly helpless to do anything which presupposes knowledge and experience in relation to the complex methods and organizations of social life in highly civilized communities4 ,we need not dwell on this aspect of the subject4 ,it has plainly come to pass that the whole question of popular education at the ,south must be considered and dealt with by the great body of the whole people of the ,nation4 ,the appeal must be made to the popular judgment1 conscience and patriotism4 ,war measures and political measures are no longer required to settle the controversies of the past1 or for reconstruction in the ,south4 ,to finish the work of uplifting the slave1 and to fuse into one harmonious whole our lately divided people1 we must rely upon the healing influences of time1 and upon the forces which religion1 business and education can furnish4 ,of these forces1 the government can usefully employ only one4 ,the stream of time will flow on1 8,the designs of ,providence to fulfill40 ,religion1 depending under ,god1 upon individual conscience and sense of duty1 unaided by government1 wins its way by the voluntary contributions and efforts of ,christian men and women4 ,business1 an agency of vast and unmeasured power in promoting the peaceful progress of mankind1 results from a deeply seated and universal principle of human nature--self interest--and will most efficiently do its work when government wisely lets it alone4 ,to complete reconstruction and regeneration in the ,south1 the only force now left to the government is popular education4 ,let national aid to this good cause be withheld no longer4 ,let it be given by wise measures based on sound principles1 and carefully guarded4 ,but let it be given promptly1 generously and without stint1 to the end that the whole ,american people may be reared up to the full stature of mental and moral manhood required for intelligent self-government under our ,american institutions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,address ,,of ,,president ,a4 ,d4 ,,white4 ,,fellow ,,citizens3 ,at that period to which our distinguished chairman has just referred at the close of the late civil war there were presented to this nation a number of great questions1 appalling by their magnitude and by the dangers of a wrong decision4 ,among these ,i think one was in the hearts of all thinking men foremost3 ,what shall be done with these millions formerly chattels1 now citizens1 the wards of the nation1 the wards of humanity8 ,two answers were given to that question4 ,two paths were open to the triumphant nation4 ,the first path laid out before us by many was simply confiscation4 ,it was said3 ,don't in ,heaven's name give to this country a great class of agricultural laborers divorced from the soil1 with no property in the land upon which they stand1 for if you do this you will but have escaped from the black sea of bondage into the red sea of pauperism and of socialism4 ,we were told that right favored such a course4 ,it was declared that these freedmen had a right to the soil which for ages had obtained its only value from the unpaid labor of themselves and of their forefathers for many generations4 ,we were also told that experience favored such a course4 ,we were pointed to ,russia1 where by the ukase of the despot a vast body of serfs had been set free1 and had been endowed from the lands of their former masters4 ,but1 thank ,god1 nobler counsels prevailed4 ,the better instincts of the ,anglo-,saxon race predominated4 ,may ,i not say that the rising1 the reviving spirit of brotherhood between ,north and ,south averted such a catastrophe4 ,nay1 may ,i not go farther and still more truthfully say that that same hand of the ,almighty1 which every reverent and thoughtful student of history sees displayed so clearly in the history of our nation from first to last1 was never more evident than when we avoided this path to new and deeper wells of bitterness4 ,but on the other hand there was pointed out another path--a path chosen by devoted women1 by earnest men1 and that path was simply education4 ,it led us at first1 no doubt1 through thickets of dislike2 it led over chasms of hatred2 nay1 still worse1 it led through vast deserts of indifference--but at last it became better and broader4 ,it became better footing2 it became more and more paved with the noble deeds of self-sacrificing men and women4 ,it became more and more shaded by noble growths of human self-sacrifice until all could see it as the appointed highway and a better and nobler future for the whole nation4 ,my distinguished friend who has preceded me has looked at this question from a lofty point of view--the point of view of a statesman--the point of view of one who has been able to survey this and the other questions which naturally connect themselves with it over this entire nation from the highest seat which any loyal son of this ,republic recognizes--the ,chief ,magistracy of the ,united ,states4 ,may ,i be permitted to survey it from a much humbler elevation--from that of a simple instructor of young men1 whose duty for years has been to show to young men1 and1 indeed1 ,i am happy now to say1 young women also--to show to them the indications in human history of the great hand of ,god leading humanity on through all that blooms and decays1 through all that struggles and suffers1 through all that falters or stands fast1 to the great goal which ,divine ,providence has appointed4 ,and in that view and from that point ,i do not hesitate to reiterate the assertion that in all our history there is no greater proof of a ,divine intelligence which takes an interest in the affairs of this world than in that ,heaven-inspired choice of the path of education rather than the path of confiscation4 ,you will remember1 doubtless1 fellow citizens1 that prophecy of ,thomas ,jefferson--the greatest political genius whom our country has yet seen--that prophecy which used to ring in the hearts of some of us before the civil war1 even into the watches of the night--that famous prophecy which seems to have come from ,divine inspiration1 beginning with those terrible words3 8,i tremble when ,i remember that ,god is just40 ,had ,thomas ,jefferson foreseen the fulfillment of his prophecy he would have been blasted with horror at the sight of the wrath of the ,almighty poured forth over this land1 ,north and ,south1 for1 as has so well been observed1 whatever sin there was1 rested at the doors of the ,north as at the doors of the ,south4 ,but had that great political genius looked over and beyond this out-pouring of ,god's wrath1 he would have seen an out-pouring of mercy which would have led him to kneel humbly in adoration at the blessings lavished upon the future nation4 ,he would have seen the nation welded together into one homogeneous whole as never before4 ,he would have seen prosperity revived as it had never been dreamed of by the most sanguine4 ,he would have seen an enlightenment and civilization taking their roots1 which he1 with all his optimism1 never dared dream of4 ,but1 fellow-citizens1 what is the especial question which confronts us at this moment8 ,it has been most ably presented by the eminent gentleman who has just spoken1 but you will permit a few words more upon some aspects of it which especially strike me4 ,the question simply is1 how shall this path which heaven has indicated to us1 how shall this path of education be broadened into a great highway worthy of the nation1 sure to bring it to a worthy future8 ,now1 there are various agencies which will co-operate in this great work4 ,the first to which ,i will allude is the munificence of public-spirited and devoted men and women4 ,there seems to be no limit to that4 ,the scene which some of us witnessed this morning1 the giving over of an immense sum to the endowment of a college in this city1 is but the token of a vast outpouring of munificence for advanced education such as this world never saw before4 ,there is to be--mark the prophecy1 fellow-citizens--great as has been the outpouring of wealth heretofore1 and the statistics show in ten years1 gifts to the amount of #fj1jjj1jjj1 we are told2 there is to be in this time of revived prosperity an outpouring of wealth far greater1 to which all this which we have seen is as nothing4 ,that will go to build up the high schools and academies1 the technical schools1 the colleges1 the universities1 perhaps4 ,we can rely on that4 ,but there is another agency4 ,all this mass of education must be permeated1 must be informed by the spirit of morality1 which is bedded in religion4 ,that can only come from the great ,christian sentiment of this country as voiced in the ,christian ,church1 and if the ,christian ,church shall rise to the height of the great argument1 if she shall recognize her great mission1 and there are plentiful signs--many of them have been vouchsafed here within the last three days--there are plentiful signs that she is to do this2 if she shall stand forth in the panoply of her ,master1 if she shall catch the spirit of the sermon on the mount1 of the first great commandment and the second which is like unto it1 of that definition of pure religion and undefiled1 as given by ,st4 ,james1 all this mass of education can be permeated1 can be informed by morality based upon religion4 ,we hear alarm expressed in various quarters at new phases of thought1 at what many1 not understanding1 have called the dangers of infidelity4 ,fellow citizens1 there is never any danger of infidelity in any land where the ,christian ,church puts herself at the head of the great forces for right and justice and enlightenment acting upon the civilization of that country4 ,danger comes as it came in ,france1 when the church forgot its mission and sided with despotism4 ,danger comes as it came in ,england two centuries ago and less when the church sided with a besotted monarchy and aristocracy4 ,danger comes as it came not so many years ago in our own country when the church was led1 in some places at least1 to make apologies for human slavery2 but when she arrays herself at the head of great movements like this1 and insists on doing works of self-sacrifice1 of mercy1 of justice1 of right1 tell me not of any fears of infidelity4 ,then ,i am sure will come the noblest and the grandest triumphs of ,christianity4 ,but is this sufficient8 ,my friend has already shown you that it is not4 ,great as this outpouring of munificence has been and is to be1 it requires even more than that for the great base part1 the fundamental part of the work1 and that is the work of bringing about a state of things under which every child1 white and black1 shall be educated suitably to his or her duties4 ,how shall this be done8 ,can it be done by private munificence1 great as it is8 ,i say no4 ,the ,state of ,new ,york alone pays for primary education1 common school education1 every year1 more than ten millions of dollars4 ,we cannot expect this steady outpouring for this fundamental part of the system4 ,as my friend has so ably shown1 that can only be undertaken by humanity organized by ,states1 and by the ,nation4 ,can the ,states do it alone8 ,again ,i say no4 ,it must be done by the ,nation acting in concert with the ,states4 ,the ,nation must plant in every ,state which has not an educational system now1 or which has not an adequate educational system1 a nucleus of a system around which ,state endeavors may crystallize1 which shall encourage these ,southern ,states which have been so discouraged1 which have been1 as my distinguished friend has shown1 so trodden down--so broken down ,i will say1 not trodden down--so broken down by the events of the last twenty years4 ,now1 how shall this be accomplished8 ,there are two ways4 ,the first is by direct appropriation4 ,that has already been discussed before you4 ,fellow citizens1 if it were to take twice or thrice the sum named it would not be felt by any tax-payer in this land4 ,it would deprive not one man1 woman or child in all this national domain of one single comfort4 ,but suppose we cannot get ,congress up to the mark of making an appropriation in money4 ,there is another method4 ,it was a method advocated perhaps more than fifty years ago1 by that sainted friend of right and humanity1 ,william ,ellery ,channing4 ,that was the consecration--that was his word1 and it was a most happy word--the consecration of the national domain1 all of it that has not been given since by the homestead act and by various other acts for the promotion of various commercial enterprises1 the consecration of the proceeds of the sales of the national domain1 sacredly1 to a fund for the education of the whole people to their great duties and their great destiny4 ,it seems to me that this movement can still be pressed4 ,congress can still be made to see that something must be done by the ,government of the ,united ,states to open up this great path of education in the interest of the entire nation2 but1 fellow citizens1 ,i am aware that some objections are made4 ,let me refer to them very briefly4 ,the first is what may be called a political objection4 ,it is said1 leave this matter to time1 leave it to the people1 leave it to take care of itself4 ,i have always noticed that when a political man wants to evade a question1 wants to evade any trouble in the matter1 he always says leave it to time1 leave it to the natural forces1 leave it to itself4 ,now1 in addition to the argument that has already been so ably presented to you1 let me say that the greatest apostle of the 8laissez faire0 system1 the system under which everything is to be left to the natural course1 ,john ,stuart ,mill1 has expressly and in terms made an exception as regards popular education4 ,this1 he says1 must be dealt with by organized humanity4 ,this must be planned and carried out by the comparatively small number of men who see at the first the importance of it1 and by that vast force which government alone can exercise4 ,my friends1 if it is left to time and chance1 what is likely to follow8 ,you can see as well as ,i4 ,there comes first indifference4 ,the great population concerned sinks back first into indifference and then into a sort of complacency1 and finally into self-congratulation that somehow they are better than communities that are educated4 ,there is nobody after all quite so conceited1 ,i think you will find that the world over1 as the man who is ignorant4 ,he sees that educated men make certain mistakes4 ,he makes no such4 ,therefore1 he at last arrives at the point1 he very often does1 and especially when his ignorance is shared by a great population1 that somehow he is superior to those who are educated4 ,then comes the greatest of all dangers4 ,then comes the danger of despotism1 the despotism of an unenlightened mob of millions2 and of all despotisms1 fellow citizens1 this1 all history proves1 is the very worst4 ,give me an autocrat1 give me a despot the worst in history1 and ,i will take him cheerfully rather than that many-headed despot1 an unenlightened1 uneducated democracy4 ,ah6 my friends1 you can make one despot see that his interest lies in the interest of his country4 ,you can bring home to a single despot a sense of shame1 a sense of honor1 a sense of responsibility4 ,you can never bring that home to a mob4 ,it was said that the old ,bourbon despotism of ,france was a despotism tempered by epigrams2 but what wit1 what wisdom shall temper a mob of uneducated millions1 extending over thousands and thousands of square miles of territory4 ,there is also a not often stated1 generally unavowed1 but none the less strong on that account1 there is what may be called a social objection4 ,it is freely avowed in ,europe2 ,i have often heard it4 ,it is sometimes sneakingly avowed in our own country1 and that is this3 ,is it not after all better that this lower class should not know much8 ,is it not much better to keep it so that it will feel its dependence on the upper class8 ,my friends1 of all mistakes all history proves that is the most fatal1 for when you pursue that policy which seems so easy at first you find that you have at last divided a nation into two strata--the upper a thin stratum of pride and arrogance sustained by terrorism1 the lower a thick stratum of class ignorance which may at any moment be inflamed by fanaticism or exploded by unrest4 ,no1 fellow citizens1 the only course is so to educate the whole mass that it will see that its interest is on the side of law and order1 so that it will be able to understand the simple presentation of rudimentary political truths4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,address ,,of ,,the ,,rev4 ,a4 ,g4 ,,haygood1 ,d4,d4 ,president of ,emory ,college1 ,oxford1 ,,ga4 ,mr4 ,president3 ,i never saw the day since ,christ converted me that my heart did not warm toward any good cause that1 in its plans and efforts1 took in the whole human race4 ,this ,american ,missionary ,association represents such a cause1 and ,i am grateful for the privilege of taking some small part in this anniversary meeting4 ,and ,i am the more glad because this meeting is held in the city where ,garfield1 our ,president1 awaits the resurrection of the just4 ,president ,hayes did good work for the ,south1 for which history will give him due credit4 ,it was this3 he let the ,south alone that the storm-rocked sea might calm itself4 ,president ,garfield--living1 dying1 and dead--awoke within the hearts of the masses of the ,southern people the throbs of a profounder national sentiment than they had felt in twenty years4 ,it is becoming that ,i speak this evening of that part of your work which ,i understand best1 your work in the ,southern ,states2 and of that part of it which ,i know best1 your work for the negroes4 ,any work of importance1 as to its extent1 methods1 or designs1 done among the negroes must arouse interest in all thinking minds4 ,the negro has been in ,america #bfj years2 there are not far from #g1jjj1jjj of them here to-day2 nearly all of them are in the ,southern ,states4 ,at the close of our war for independence there were in the ,united ,states about #gjj1jjj negroes4 ,within a century they have multiplied ten times4 ,how many will they be by #aihb8 ,to speak in round numbers1 the increase of the total population of this country from #ahgj to #ahhj1 as the last census shows was #cj per cent2 the increase of the white population1 aided largely as it was by immigration1 was #bh per cent42 the increase of the negro population1 unaided by immigration1 was #cd per cent4 ,it is only very foolish people who can be indifferent to such facts2 thoughtful men will consider them4 ,visionaries and cranks may dream and declaim of solving the problem of our future and theirs by getting them somehow out of this country4 ,but1 if it were desirable or practicable to transport them1 they are born faster than whole navies can move them1 and it is as undesirable as it is impracticable4 ,they are here to stay1 and so far as men can see1 for the most part where they now are1 in the ,southern ,states of this ,union4 ,they are now nearly one-seventh of our population1 and by the providence of ,god they are free men and voters4 ,the time has about passed1 ,mr4 ,president1 for the ,north to please itself with eloquent speech concerning their emancipation and for the ,south to fret itself with fervent denunciation concerning their enfranchisement4 ,it were wiser and more profitable for the people of both sections to accept the facts of a difficult question1 to discuss the issues of #ahhb1 and in a business like way1 to do our best to make the most of them4 ,as to the now dominant sentiment in the ,south1 nobody who has good sense wants them back in slavery1 and the ,south1 you may depend upon it1 will never consent for the ballot to be taken from them4 ,everybody knows that when they received the ballot en masse they were utterly unprepared for it4 ,as a class they had just three ideas concerning the ballot when it was given to them4 ,first4 ,they looked upon it as a symbol of their freedom2 this1 ,i believe did them good4 ,second4 ,they received it as a special mark of the love borne to them by the people of the ,north2 this made them vain of it1 and alienated them from their white neighbors4 ,third4 ,their predominant notion was that it was given them to 8keep the old rebels down20 this spoiled them for fair-minded politics4 ,but as a class they lacked conscience in the use of it4 ,you will pardon a single illustration of their capacity for enlightened politics4 ,for nearly eight years ,i have had in my employment a colored man1 ,daniel ,martin by name4 ,he is about my own age4 ,i trust him fully in all matters for which he has capacity4 ,we are much attached to each other1 and1 the truth is1 we have been taking care of each other for a good while4 ,he gets better wages than ordinary colored men in our community1 and is much above the average of his race in character and common sense4 ,he can read 8coarse print10 and can sign his name imperfectly4 ,you will miss the point of my illustration unless you bear in mind that he had steadily voted the ,republican ticket from the beginning of his citizenship to the date of my story4 ,and he so votes till this day4 ,the day before the ,hayes and ,tilden election he was plowing in a little field near my house4 ,one of our students quizzed him about his views and intentions3 8,how are you going to vote to-morrow1 ,uncle ,daniel80 ,it is a peculiarity of the ,southern negro that he never delivers a solemn judgment on any subject without coming to a full halt in whatever engages him4 ,one consequence is1 he comes to a great many halts in his work4 ,another peculiarity of at least the ,southern negro is1 that he thinks in metaphor and speaks in parables4 ,so ,daniel1 stopping his horse and sticking his plow deeper into the ground1 delivered himself as follows3 8,now1 ,mr4 ,longstreet1 you see ,i is plowin dis furrow4 ,if ,i only plow dis furrow ,i makes dis furrow too deep and ,i don't plow de balance of de patch40 ,mr4 ,longstreet admitted the force of the statement4 ,daniel continued in answer to the young man's question3 8,i think things is ben gwine on in one way long enough2 ,i think dere ought to be a change4 ,wherefore ,i is gwine to vote for ,mr4 ,hayes to-morrow--git up1 ,bill40 ,next day he and ,i went to our county town2 he voted for ,hayes that there might be a change2 ,i voted for ,tilden that there might be a change2 he killed my vote--or possibly one of yours--and we were 8equal before the law40 ,but few of them are now prepared to vote intelligently1 and ballots1 whether cast by fair or dark hands1 in the hands of ignorance are dangerous to free institutions4 ,are not you of the ,north nearly as much concerned in the quality of the negro's ballot as we of the ,south are8 ,till recently1 they voted 8solid0 for the ,republican ticket4 ,a few weeks ago1 in ,georgia1 the majority of them voted for an ex-,confederate ,brigadier ,general1 who fought bravely at the first ,manassas1 and who ran for ,governor as an ,independent ,democrat1 receiving1 however1 the whole ,republican vote2 and thousands of them voted for the nominee of the ,democratic party1 the ex-,vice-,president of the ,confederacy4 ,no white man running for any office in the ,south will refuse their votes1 and1 so far as ,i know1 their votes are always sought when there is any chance to get them4 ,i am not sure but that his ignorance makes him more dangerous as a voter when both parties seek his vote than when it is given solid to one4 ,in your work in the ,south1 ,mr4 ,president1 ,i rejoice1 for many reasons4 ,the reason ,i now mention is this3 ,that work is helping to prepare the negro for his duties as a citizen4 ,i can well understand how the best and wisest people in the ,north feel most deeply and solemnly their obligation to do this work4 ,for you gave him the ballot1 and history will not justify that gift unless you do all that you can do to prepare him for its intelligent use4 ,not now1 nor during the next generation1 can the ,south do this work alone4 ,unless you continue to help1 and to help mightily1 it cannot be done4 ,as to primary education1 many in the ,south--and ,i1 for one1 agree with them--believe with our ,senator ,brown1 of ,georgia1 that the national government should come to the rescue and help the ,states in this work--distributing its aid on the basis of illiteracy4 ,this would give the ,south a large share of 8appropriations under the old flag40 ,what if it does8 ,the ,south is part of you1 and you are part of the ,south--if this is a ,union and a ,nation4 ,slowly but surely1 as it seems to me1 we are beginning to understand our relations to each other4 ,some day we will1 it is to be hoped1 understand one another so well and agree so amicably that the phrases 8the ,north0 and 8the ,south0 shall have only geographical meaning4 ,president ,arthur1 many thanks to him for this1 made no allusion to 8the ,south0 in his first message to ,congress4 ,if the general government gives this needed help1 it will be in the interest of the whole country1 although the ,southern ,states may get1 for once1 the lion's share4 ,for we are a large part of this country2 we are in the ,union and intend to stay there--if we have to whip somebody in order to do it4 ,but1 in the nature of things1 this sort of help must be temporary1 and1 as ,i suppose1 should1 like the educational work of the ,state governments1 be carried on1 for the most part1 in the common schools4 ,the thing that must be done1 if our work is to stand1 is to train up among the negroes1 as well as among the whites1 men and women who can teach the children of their race--teach them in homes1 in school-houses and in churches4 ,this cannot be done by the ,state as it should be done4 ,for if1 as one has said1 the 8negroes need educated ,christianity10 it is also true that they must have ,christianized education in order to get it4 ,this the ,state does not and cannot give4 ,to achieve this most desirable and necessary result the school-house and the church must work together4 ,there must be ,bibles in the schools that are to train teachers among this people1 and there must be ,christian men and women in them who both teach and practice religion4 ,this1 as it appears to me1 is what you and others like you are trying to do for the negroes4 ,your annual reports show that your ,association is doing successfully1 and on a very broad scale1 this most necessary work4 ,i do not particularize2 your ,secretaries have covered all that ground4 ,you are raising up in these schools men and women who1 in the years to come1 can1 will and must teach the children of their people4 ,hundreds of them are doing it now4 ,i say must2 for ,christianized education must1 by its instinctive and divine impulses1 perpetuate itself and diffuse itself4 ,christian education1 whether in ,christian or heathen lands1 is the most aggressive and formative influence that is now shaping the destiny of the human race4 ,when you send out from ,nashville1 from ,berea1 from ,atlanta and ,new ,orleans young men and women who are both educated and religious1 you send into the very masses of these untaught millions those who must teach what they have learned both from books and from ,christ4 ,again ,i say must1 for the spirit that is in an educated ,christian man or woman is1 as the old ,methodist preacher used to say1 8a fire in the bones10 and it will blaze out4 ,the author of the ,declaration of ,independence wrote1 it is said1 in #aghb1 this prediction3 8,nothing is more certainly written in the book of fate than that these people are to be free2 nor is it less certain that the two races1 equally free1 cannot live in the same government40 ,it does not surprise me that ,mr4 ,jefferson made both of these predictions4 ,as to the first1 there was at that time in ,virginia and other ,southern ,states a strong party that favored the emancipation of the slaves4 ,as to the second prediction1 he had studied ,french philosophy more than he had studied ,christianity4 ,if this country were pagan ,rome1 or infidel ,france1 the first prediction would have failed--they would not have been set free by the will of men4 ,had they been set free1 the second prediction would have been fulfilled1 for in a pagan or infidel country1 the two races could not be equally free 8and live in the same government40 ,they would not have been set free had this not been a ,christian country2 as it is a ,christian country1 the two races1 equally free before the law1 can live in the same government and the problem of their citizenship can be solved4 ,but this problem cannot be solved by legislation alone4 ,time has proved the truth of the weighty words delivered at your anniversary in #ahge1 by that venerable and great man who was taken to heaven last winter4 ,at that time the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,leonard ,bacon wrote these words3 8,i come to this conclusion1 legislation on the part of the national government is no longer to be invoked in aid of fundamental reconstruction4 ,attempts by ,congress to employ force for the abolition of prejudices and antipathies in social intercourse do not help the cause in which the ,american ,missionary ,association is at work4 ,i used the word force1 because law enforced is force1 and law not enforced is not law4 ,the more completely our cause can be henceforth disentangled from all connection with political parties and agitators1 the better for its progress4 ,doubtless there will be more legislation by the several ,states1 especially in behalf of the great interest of public schools for all1 before the consummation that we hope for shall have been attained2 but the legislation1 must be the effect and not the cause of that fundamental reconstruction which we desire to work for4 ,it will exhibit and record1 more than it can inspire or control1 the progress of reformed opinions and better sentiments among the people40 ,when the law gives equal opportunity and guarantees equal rights to all 7and this it must do to be worthy of respect71 it has done all it can do4 ,foundation work means character-building1 and this goes on in individuals4 ,law has its educative force2 but to lift up a race whether white1 yellow1 black1 or red1 there must be character-building in individual men and women1 and to do this work right we must have the church and the school-house4 ,and these two must work together and not against each other4 ,this sort of foundation work you are trying to do and others are trying to do4 ,it has not failed2 it cannot fail2 it has life in itself4 ,mr4 ,jefferson's second prediction will fail--it is failing now4 ,these two races are both equally free1 and they are living together in the same government with less and less difficulty and misunderstanding each year4 ,disturbances here and there1 conflicts1 acts of violence there have been1 there are1 and there will be for a time4 ,the wonder is not that there was a period of disorder in the ,southern ,states after the war4 ,the true wonder is that there is now so little of it1 and that between #ahfe and #ahgj the ,south did not rush into final and utter chaos4 ,there was never in any country such a state of things--so provocative of universal and remediless anarchy4 ,what is it that saved us8 ,not the troops2 not acts of ,congress4 ,christian schools and the church of ,god4 ,it was the ,protestant religion that dominated the majority--both of the negroes and the ,southern white people4 ,i grant you that the conservative influences that the churches in the ,south brought out of the war have been greatly aided by the work done by your society and others like it2 but it is also true that1 but for the work the church in the ,south did before your coming1 you could have done next to nothing1 by this time1 in the experiment4 ,as to this whole subject1 full of difficulties as those know best who have personal relations to it1 there is just one platform on which ,christian people can stand4 ,our problem with these millions of negroes in our midst can be happily solved--not by force of any sort from without the ,states where they live2 no more can it be solved by repression within those ,states4 ,it can be worked out only on the basis of the ,ten ,commandments and of the ,sermon on the ,mount4 ,on this platform we can work out any problem whatsoever--whether personal1 social1 political1 national or ethnical--that ,providence brings before us4 ,on any lower or narrower platform we will fail1 and always fail4 ,we have learned--you of the ,north and we of the ,south--many things in the last ten years4 ,among other valuable discoveries1 we have learned that the people of neither section are either all good or bad4 ,as to this race question1 we of the ,south have learned1 and we are learning1 that we can't manage our problem by any mere repressive system2 you have learned1 and are learning1 that it can't be solved by any sort of force from without1 whether force of law1 force of troops1 or force of denunciation4 ,such knowledge is precious2 alas6 that it cost us so much4 ,may ,i quote at this place one other paragraph from the words of ,dr4 ,leonard ,bacon8 ,it is at the close of a letter dated 8,new ,haven1 ,october #bb1 #ahge10 and is in these words3 8,may ,i be allowed to say one word concerning the future of this society8 ,that word is conciliation--conciliation by meekness1 by love1 by patient continuance in well-doing4 ,the field is wide open for schools and for the preaching of the ,gospel1 two great forces operating as one for fundamental reconstruction4 ,in both these lines of effort the work of the society must be more and more a work of conciliation--conciliation of the ,south to the ,north and to the restored and beneficent ,union2 conciliation of races to each other1 white to black and black to white2 conciliation of contending sects oppressed with traditional bigotries to the simplicity of the truth as it is in ,jesus40 ,thomas ,jefferson was not a prophet3 ,leonard ,bacon was4 ,and1 thank ,god6 so much has been done by this ,association to incarnate the truth that was in his great thoughts and to fulfill his hopes and predictions as to its own future4 ,but this work of 8fundamental reconstruction0 is a slow process1 suggests the impatient one4 ,that is true2 character-building1 whether in a man or in a nation or in a race1 is always a slow process4 ,and it must be slower in a nation or in a race than in a man4 ,there was never any great work done in the uplifting or training of a race in a day or in a year4 ,it takes generations4 ,how slowly our own race has risen out of its original savagery2 how unfit we still are to fulfill our mission to the world4 ,we have small cause for boasting when white men's votes--sometimes enough of them to turn the scale in great elections--can be bought cheap in the open streets4 ,lifting up a nation or a race is a slow process2 wherefore the greatest necessity for zeal1 for wisdom1 and for patience in our work4 ,whenever a great and necessary work that requires a long time and much labor is to be done1 we should begin at once and do our best4 ,you find more sympathy and more of the spirit of co-operation among ,southern people than you found ten years ago4 ,i rejoice in this change of feeling in the ,south1 and it is easy to understand it4 ,time1 the healer1 has done his blessed work4 ,grace has overcome1 and the grave has buried much of bitter feeling on both sides4 ,you have learned your work better1 and we have learned more perfectly its value4 ,a good deal of your work ,i have seen2 ,i believe it is good4 ,i have looked into your school methods2 they are yielding happy results4 ,i have considered 8examination papers0 from some of your schools2 they would have done credit to any school for any race4 ,i have listened to speeches and essays from colored youth at your commencements2 there was the evidence of sound culture and true religion in them4 ,when ,i heard them ,i 8thanked ,god and took courage40 ,it is often asked1 8,why don't the ,south do more in this work of educating and lifting up the negroes80 ,sometimes the question has been asked angrily--perhaps because ignorantly4 ,i believe the ,south can do more than it is doing--certainly more than it has done4 ,but ,i think it likely that we have done as much as any other people in like circumstances would have done4 ,history does not record of any people such vast1 rapid and radical changes of opinion and sentiment on subjects that had been fiercely fought over on hundreds of bloody fields1 as has taken place in the ,south during the last fifteen years on the questions that grow out of the negro's emancipation and enfranchisement4 ,but the ,southern ,states have done more than most people suppose4 ,there are nearly one million negro children in our public schools in the ,south4 ,in speaking of what the ,south has done and has not done in the work of educating the negroes1 let it be remembered that the white people of the ,south have not been on beds of roses since #ahfe4 ,the war and its consequences made the ,south poor beyond conception by those who have not had our experience4 ,it left the ,north rich4 ,the majority of our people have had a sharp struggle to live2 most of them have been unable to educate their own children4 ,let me tell you of a man ,i talked with last summer4 ,i went with my family and a little party on what we might call a camp-fishing expedition4 ,as we approached the place where we proposed to spend a few days in recreation1 my attention was attracted by a white woman pulling fodder in a little field near a cabin4 ,that night her husband came to our camp1 offering such welcome as he could4 ,we had a long talk together4 ,he had been a ,confederate soldier1 and he had on his body the marks of seven bullet wounds4 ,he never owned a slave1 he had fought for what he had been taught to believe were the rights of the ,states4 ,he is a laborer on the farm of the man who owned the land where he lived4 ,he gets #adj a year1 cabin rent1 a few acres tended by his wife and little girls1 and the privilege of his winter wood4 ,he said his employer is one of the kindest of men1 and does for him all he can do4 ,the landlord himself has small margins of profit4 ,the poor fellow has five children1 the eldest a bright girl1 aged fourteen4 ,she looked dwarfed and older than her years2 she had been nurse and drudge for the little ones4 ,these children came to our camp by invitation1 and the oldest promised to come one afternoon and show my own children how to fish4 ,i had my heart set on her coming2 ,i wanted my children to know more about such people4 ,she did not come at the time appointed1 but that night she came to tell us why4 ,her cotton dress was wet with the dew and her little hands were fodder-stained4 ,she said to me3 8,i am sorry ,i could not come2 mother and ,i had so much fodder to take up that we have just got through40 ,this child and ,i had much talk together4 ,i asked her3 8,daughter1 can you read80 ,her face brightened as she said3 8,yes1 sir2 a little40 8,can you write80 ,the brown eyes sought the ground as she answered3 8,no1 sir40 8,if ,i will send you some books1 will you try to teach your little sisters to read80 ,the glad look in her eyes ,i shall never forget1 as she answered3 8,yes1 sir2 ,i will try40 ,we sent her a good supply and it made them all glad4 ,they are not beggars2 the father would not take money for a fine bunch of fish he sent1 with his compliments1 to my wife1 and when he found that we had left some money for little services by the children he flushed and could hardly be persuaded to let them keep it4 ,some people call these 8white trash40 ,i declare to you ,i never heard a ,southern white man or woman use the expression in speaking of such persons4 ,mr4 ,president1 there are tens of thousands of white people in the ,south as poor as my friend of the fishing camp4 ,if you can help them1 in ,christ's name do it4 ,as to our higher schools1 some of our best colleges have died since #ahfe2 others are dying now4 ,such a death is a loss1 not to the ,south only1 but to the whole country4 ,yours have grown rich4 ,i do not envy you2 ,i rejoice in your strong and well-furnished institutions4 ,but you should be patient toward us1 and1 ,i am not ashamed to say1 you should help us as ,god gives you opportunity4 ,men and brethren1 it is time to have done with #ahfj-fe4 ,said a ,brooklyn man to me last year who1 unsolicited1 had helped two ,southern schools3 8,i think my friends here approve what ,i have done2 but if any should ask1 #8,why did you not give this money to your own people8' my answer is3 #8,they also are my people--we are one people4'0 ,on that platform we can become a ,christian nation strong enough to bless the world4 ,northern money has done much to 8develop the ,south0 during the last decade in pushing railroads and other great industrial enterprises4 ,it is all welcome1 and ten times as much4 ,but ,i do not question that each #ajj invested in ,christian education in the ,south since the war has done more to develop it in every best sense than each #a1jjj placed in railroads and factories4 ,but enough on these lines of thought4 ,i must say a word or two as to the relations of your work to ,africa4 ,the first atlas ,i ever saw made a desert of sand cover all the wonderful lands that ,livingstone1 ,stanley1 and others have discovered1 and they printed across the map of ,africa #bh1jjj1jjj1 with an interrogation point to indicate a guess as to the population4 ,now we are studying the maps of interior ,africa1 and they tell us of great nations and a population that may reach #bjj1jjj1jjj6 ,can any man who believes in the ,bible1 or in ,god1 doubt for one moment that ,providence is in the history of the negroes in the ,united ,states8 ,can we doubt that these millions of negroes1 now committed to us as the wards of the ,christian church1 must1 some day1 attempt and accomplish the evangelization of ,africa8 ,i rejoice that your ,association has its eye and heart upon ,africa4 ,i saw two photographs in the chapel of ,fisk ,university last ,may that stirred my soul2 they were the faces of two missionaries who had gone from that great ,christian school to ,africa4 ,one ,sunday evening ,i preached in the chapel4 ,a youth from your ,mendi ,mission1 a native of ,africa1 getting ready to be a missionary1 sang for us in his home language a familiar ,sunday-school song1 8,i ,have a ,father in the ,promised ,land40 ,some day they will be singing ,christian songs in every village of the ,dark ,continent4 ,how the thought of the ,divine fatherhood and of the brotherhood of the eternal ,son has changed ,europe and made ,america4 ,some day these thoughts will change ,africa4 ,what we call civilization can't do it2 the gospel of ,jesus ,christ can4 ,the ,christian negroes are getting ready for their work1 and you and others working in the same fields1 are helping them to get ready4 ,the missionary fire is beginning to burn in their hearts4 ,when they go forth1 bearing the sacred symbol of our ,lord's love to men1 every ,christian man and woman in our land should help them4 ,that movement--and it is coming--will1 at no distant day give your colonization and missionary societies all they can do4 ,was there ever a greater need or a more hopeful field1 a greater duty or a brighter promise of success8 ,mr4 ,president1 you may be sure that from thousands of ,christian hearts all over the ,south the prayer goes up1 8,god bless the work of the ,american ,missionary ,association1 with all others who are preaching the gospel to the poor40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,address ,,of ,,general ,,clinton ,b4 ,,fisk4 ,the ,american ,missionary ,association is one of those societies that has long been near my heart1 having a large place in it4 ,from its very beginning ,i watched its growth1 but had no idea in the years before that ,i should ever have such intimate relations with it4 ,being in the ,south at the close of the war with the care of two or three millions of colored people thrown on my hands1 ,i naturally looked about to see what was being done for schools and what for ,christian culture4 ,i found the ,american ,missionary ,association on the skirmish line4 ,they were gathering up the broken fetters of the slaves1 selling them for old iron and putting the money into spelling-books and ,bibles1 building school-houses and sending self-sacrificing1 earnest ,christian men and women to the ,south to teach these people2 and ,i naturally fell very much in love with them4 ,i got a letter a day or two since4 ,it was written by the ,mayor of one of the chief cities of the ,south to myself4 ,i picked this out of a large bundle of correspondence of the same sort4 ,he addresses me and says3 8,you will doubtless be surprised at receiving a letter from me4 ,in #ahfe ,i was ,mayor of this city1 which position ,i now occupy4 ,in that memorable year #ahfe1 through your instrumentality and by order of ,major-,general ,george ,h4 ,thomas1 ,i was suspended from office4 ,but that is a matter of the past1 and for one ,i favor letting #8bygones be bygones4' ,the charge against me was using my official position for the oppression of the colored people and opposing their education4 ,however true that might have been at the time1 certainly such a charge cannot be made against me now4 ,immediately after the close of the war and upon the restoration of civil law1 ,i was chosen one of the ,school ,commissioners of this district1 and gave active aid1 amidst much opposition1 in the establishment of ,public ,schools4 ,i have labored earnestly in the cause ever since1 and ,i am proud to inform you that my efforts have in a measure been crowned with success4 ,we have now a splendid school system and a magnificent school building for the whites4 ,we wish now to do as much for the colored people4 ,there is much opposition in every locality in the city to the establishment of a colored school in their midst4 ,yet1 notwithstanding this opposition1 ,i have proffered to sell a lot of my own for the purpose on very reasonable terms40 ,now1 that is a great change to come about in seventeen years4 ,so ,i simply sat down and wrote him a letter which he could use as 8substance of doctrine40 ,i said3 8,my dear ,mr4 ,mayor1 go on to perfection4 ,do the same thing for the colored people you do for the white people1 and blot #8colored' and #8white' out of your memory4 ,make a school for the children4 ,it is not easy to send them to the same school2 ,i know all about that40 ,the colored boy is perhaps more opposed to associating with the white boy in the school than the white boy is to associating with the colored boy4 ,it takes a long time to overcome those strong prejudices on the part of the colored people4 ,just after the establishment of ,fisk school1 which commenced in such a halo of glory under the auspices of this ,association1 there came into my headquarters in ,nashville an old ,irish woman1 bringing her two little boys with her1 and she said1 8,misther ,gineral ,fisk1 'ave you heny hobjection to my sinding these little chaps to your nigger school80 ,i said1 8,not at all1 if the #8niggers' haven't any objection40 ,but it will take a long time before they will drift into one school4 ,i am glad that all of ours are open4 ,how singular it would look to write over the portals of all our schools in the ,south1 8,white children admitted here60 ,let us do all we can for the education of both races4 ,that particular class to which my friend ,haygood made such admirable reference1 those poor white people of the ,south1 appeals to us as scarcely any other interest in the ,south does to-day4 ,let us remember them4 ,i am glad1 sir addressing ,dr4 ,haygood1 that you are going to be in a position to help a great many colored young men and women to become teachers4 ,now1 my friend ,dr4 ,haygood is a wonderfully modest sort of a man4 ,they chose him only a few weeks ago to be a bishop in his church4 ,and they did a good thing4 ,nearly all that great conference of ,southern ,methodists voted for this man to take the highest place in their church1 notwithstanding all his grand utterances1 his earnest words1 on many a ,northern platform4 ,they indorsed him and said1 8,come up higher60 ,he took over night to think about it1 and wrote them a letter declining to take such place as that4 ,he said1 8,god has called me to be an educator1 and an educator ,i will be40 ,to a man who turns his back upon a bishopric of the church and then accepts the ,secretaryship of a fund to promote the education of the colored people1 we can all give the right hand of fellowship4 ,now1 let us all go out of this meeting with a new covenant of love and service for the ,master4 ,it has well been said that the world itself is a musical instrument not yet fully strung2 but when every coast shall be peopled by the lovers of our ,lord ,jesus ,christ2 when every mountain barrier shall be overcome2 when every abyss shall be spanned1 for the uninterrupted progress of the ,king's highway of holiness1 and the people of the earth shall flock together1 as in the prophetic vision1 to the mountain of the ,lord's house2 then this world shall give its sound in harmony with the infinite intelligence1 and angels and men shall shout together1 8,hallelujah1 the ,lord ,god ,omnipotent reigneth40 ,between that glad day and us there are years of toil and travail4 ,but there shall come the triumph4 ,truth is marching on1 steadily--slowly1 sometimes1 through the centuries1 but ever marching on1 as resistless as the tides1 whose each succeeding billow washes further up the sands4 ,it may be 8 444 weary watching1 wave on wave2 ,and yet the tide heaves onward4 ,we climb like corals1 grave on grave1 ,but pave a path that's sunward4 ,we're beaten back in many a fray2 ,yet newer strength we borrow2 ,and where the vanguard rests to-day1 ,the rear shall camp to-morrow40 ,let us go forth1 with our faces to the stars1 and do something each day of our lives to bring the world nearer to ,christ1 who died for it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,a4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,behrends1 ,d4,d4 ,there are a few themes so great1 so charged with living importance1 that an earnest man never wearies of their study4 ,like the rays of the sun1 they are invested with perpetual freshness and force4 ,of these themes1 the very greatest is the conquest of the world to ,christ by the preaching of the ,gospel and by the power of the ,holy ,ghost4 ,but foreign missionary societies1 whose special aim it is to carry the ,gospel of ,christ to the millions of heathenism1 are not the exclusive guardians of this great trust4 ,they are the advance guard of the army of conquest1 clearing the way and widening the field1 but their very presence as the scouts and scattered outposts of ,christianity proclaims the presence of a greater army of occupation1 pressing close upon their leadership4 ,back of your foreign work is that of home missions1 the religious care of the ignorant1 vicious1 and neglected within our own borders2 back of home missions is the manly culture of our professedly ,christian constituency1 the care and compact handling of our local churches2 back of your local church life and work are those of your separate homes--influences secret1 subtle1 but all-pervasive1 for in the ,christian homes are the primary historic sources of all great inspirations and achievements1 both for personal character and for social improvement4 ,far out on the world's great battle-field1 separated from each other by many a league1 are the pickets of the army of the ,lord2 its great and growing supports are in the ,christian nations1 the ,christian churches1 the ,christian homes4 ,reinforcements at any point of the long line must increase the efficiency of the entire body4 ,but the law of solid progress must be from the home1 as the training school of personal devotion1 through the church and the nation1 to the broad world4 ,i am afraid that we have not fairly estimated the importance of the third factor in the solution of the complicated problem of the world's ,christianization4 ,we are not lacking in an appreciation of the value of domestic piety4 ,we are not blind to the evangelistic vocation of the church1 though the energetic revival of this conviction may be said to date from the close of the last century1 and it has as yet only partially leavened the great body of nominal ,christendom4 ,but we are even farther from having mastered the thought that nations are born of a divine purpose1 and summoned to missionary service4 ,god is marching on1 not simply for the salvation of individual souls1 and their preparation for a future heaven1 but for the moral regeneration of nations1 and the conversion of the world into a kingdom of righteousness and love4 ,in this great task nations will yet be called to take an active part4 ,having ceased to be obstructive1 having passed beyond the line of moral indifference1 they are yet to prove themselves to be among the mightiest of positive forces for the world's regeneration4 ,and ,i confess that ,i have wholly misread the signs of the times if the ,anglo-,saxon nationalities are not summoned and destined to bear a conspicuous part in the future of the world's moral history4 ,for you and for me there can be no call of greater urgency than that this youngest of the nations of the world1 in which we are proud to claim our citizenship1 whose birth is the marvel of history1 whose development is the amazement of our time1 whose guidance and discipline seem as clearly providential as were those of ancient ,israel1 shall be ,christian1 in order to the assimilation of all the heterogeneous elements of our population1 and the consequent use of our united forces for the good of the race4 ,no duty crowds us more closely than that we prove ourselves worthy of our ancestry1 equal to our opportunities1 building up on this new continent a compact commonwealth1 whose glory it shall be that its streams of beneficence gladden all lands and enrich all peoples4 ,we cannot render the most effective ,christian service to the world until we ourselves have become thoroughly leavened with the spirit of the ,gospel1 and any plan involving the ,christianization of the ,american people must provide for the solution of that great problem with which this ,association deals4 ,you have not succeeded in making the white man the ,christian he ought to be until he and the black man can clasp hands in the brotherhood of ,christ4 ,national unity must remain incomplete until all antagonisms have vanished1 and the reconciliation is complete2 and our moral influence on the world cannot be what it may be and ought to be until we have amicably and finally settled our domestic difficulties4 ,american patriotism and ,christian philanthropy--these are the two great considerations by which the work of the ,american ,missionary ,association appeals to the prayerful and practical sympathies of the ,christian public4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,relation ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,missionary ,,association ,,to ,,civilization4 ,,by ,,rev4 ,f4 ,l4 ,,kenyon4 ,there are two civilizations in this nineteenth century that are striving for the mastery4 ,they differ in their source2 the one is from heaven1 the other from earth4 ,they differ in their objects4 ,the one has for its object the elevation of the animal in man to the supreme place4 ,the other has for its object the elevation of the intellectual and moral and spiritual in man to the dominant place4 ,they differ also in their supports and instrumentalities4 ,the superstructure of the one rests upon ignorance and vice4 ,the other rests upon and is built up by and through the school1 the church1 and the home4 ,thus it will be seen that the higher civilization has a triangular foundation1 and when we remember that the triangle represents the highest perfection1 we may get a hint at least that this must be the final civilization4 ,the school1 where the mighty power of a true education dispels and destroys the threatening illiteracy of the world4 ,the church1 where the wonderful transforming power of the gospel of ,jesus ,christ incarnates itself in true manhood and womanhood4 ,the home1 where the love principle is dominant and all controlling4 ,the higher civilization1 which is to be the ultimate civilization for humanity1 must include within its bounds1 as constituent factors1 every portion of the human race4 ,the defect of previous civilizations was in their omitting one or more of these great and necessary factors4 ,the first of these is the idea of ,god4 ,and this1 first1 as a personal ,god4 ,this is necessary so as to make ,god accessible to us4 ,in the second place1 the true idea of ,god must include righteousness4 ,he must be a righteous ,god4 ,this involves the ideas of justice and law1 without which no civilization can be perfect4 ,eliminate these qualities from civilization and in the place of government will come anarchy1 which always and naturally produces destruction4 ,in the third place1 the true idea of ,god includes the fact that he is a loving ,god4 ,the ,johannean conception on this line is the ultimate of all conceptions1 viz43 ,god is love4 ,it is very clear that the final civilization must have this idea of ,god in all the breadth which ,i have simply outlined4 ,the second great idea is the 8equality of man10 an equality not of conditions but of rights4 ,equality before ,god's law and love1 before human law and institutions4 ,from this equality of man comes the great doctrine of freedom for all4 ,slavery cannot exist in a final civilization1 because this final civilization is built up in part on the idea of equality of man4 ,from this equality of man comes that other great social doctrine of the brotherhood of man4 ,any civilization which ignores the equality of man1 and these great included ideas1 freedom and brotherhood of man1 cannot1 in the very nature of things1 be the higher and the final civilization4 ,all former civilizations failed to recognize this great fact1 and this is one of the reasons why they became effete and passed away4 ,i believe ,god has chosen this land1 and has raised up this ,association for the purpose of working out this problem4 ,the physical view is a low one1 and really belongs to the lower civilization4 ,in comparison with the intellectual1 and moral1 and spiritual1 the physical sinks into insignificance4 ,the third great idea of the permanent civilization is 8the true idea of woman40 ,in the earlier civilizations woman was held as inferior to man1 because perhaps she could not endure the fatigues of the chase or engage in wars1 and such brutalizing pursuits4 ,the very signs of her superiority were read as evidences of her inferiority4 ,in some her position was hardly anything but that of a slave or a toy4 ,in that civilization which had the highest culture of any of the old civilizations1 an educated woman was classed in the common thought of the people as an impure woman4 ,thank ,god such a civilization as that was not the final one4 ,in the final civilization woman has her place alongside of man--co-equal and co-ordinate4 ,the fourth great idea necessary to a permanent and final civilization1 is the true idea of childhood--its worth and place in the elevating forces of humanity4 ,that civilization which holds in cheap esteem the life of a child1 is a low and vanishing one4 ,there is probably among the secondary tests of nobility no truer one than man's regard for children4 ,all the ancient civilizations were very low in this respect4 ,think of such a thing occurring in this nineteenth century1 of any ruler commanding the slaughter of the innocents4 ,no1 the final civilization holds1 must hold1 to the sacredness of child-life4 ,jesus is bringing that about4 ,he brought heaven to earth through the auroral gates of childhood4 ,bethlehem's manger gave to the world a new and potent civilizing idea in the sacredness of child-life4 ,these four constitute the elemental ideas1 the living1 molding1 working forces of the higher civilization4 ,the relation of the ,american ,missionary ,association to this higher civilization is now to be noticed1 and so transparent is this relation that only a few words are necessary to set it forth4 ,first4 ,it is related in its work1 in a similar way1 be it spoken reverently1 in which ,jesus1 the ,son of ,god1 is related to the children of men4 ,he came down into humanity to its very lowest4 ,so the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 goes down with its thousand tender hands and its five hundred beating hearts to the very bottom of the lower civilization4 ,this is both human and divine wisdom4 ,it is related to the higher civilization in the second place because it carries into and permeates the lower civilization with these great ideas of the higher4 8,no fleet can outsail its slowest vessel40 ,so no civilization can advance higher than the lowest elements or parts of it advance4 ,these people to whom this ,association carries these ideas are elemental factors in our civilization1 and ,i know of no other royal road by which they can be brought into the higher civilization2 and unless so brought they will drag higher civilization down1 and give the victory to the lower civilization1 and this nation will fall into the long procession of nations that1 failing to rise to their great opportunities1 have gone down in dishonor and disgrace to eternal death4 ,to prevent this dire catastrophe1 ,i believe ,god1 whose favors have been manifold to our land1 has raised up and commissioned this great ,association4 ,it is virtually related1 therefore1 to the higher civilization as its saviour1 and also as the purifier and perfector of the higher by bringing the lower up to its proper place in it on these high idea lines4 ,incarnate these great ideas of the higher civilization into the lower1 which1 as ,i understand it1 is the work of the ,a4 ,m4 ,a41 and you have given the victory to the higher civilization in this the leading nation of the world2 moreover1 you have hastened the coming of the day of the ,son of ,man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dedication ,,of ,,livingstone ,,missionary ,,hall4 ,as a fitting sequel to the earnest and efficient annual meeting exercises in ,cleveland1 some of the officers of this ,association and other friends proceeded to ,nashville1 ,tenn41 to attend the dedication of ,livingstone ,hall1 ,oct4 #cj4 ,as we published in our last issue a cut of the ,hall and a statement of its history1 dimensions and uses1 we refer the reader to the ,november ,,missionary for information relating to such matters4 ,the dedicatory address was delivered by ,professor ,cyrus ,northrop1 of ,yale ,college4 ,bishop ,mc,tyeire1 ,president of the ,vanderbilt ,university at ,nashville1 and ,dr4 ,a4 ,g4 ,haygood1 ,president of ,emory ,college1 ,georgia1 and ,gen4 ,c4 ,b4 ,fisk1 of ,new ,york1 also made addresses4 ,the dedicatory prayer was offered by ,secretary ,strieby1 and music furnished by the ,mozart ,society and by ,miss ,sheppard and ,miss ,mabel ,lewis1 well-known members of the original ,jubilee ,singers ,company4 ,the address of ,professor ,northrop was masterly1 timely and suggestive4 ,it was welcomed and approved by the very respectable representation of ,southern men on the platform1 and published in full in the ,nashville ,daily ,american4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,receipts ,,for ,,october1 #ahhb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,maine1 #ded4fa4 ,bangor4 ,hammond ,st4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #abf2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #ah4id #add4id ,belfast4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bj4jj ,biddeford4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4eb ,brownville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 by ,hon4 ,a4 ,h4 ,merrill4 #ajj4jj ,brunswick4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,j4 ,f4 ,hammond1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #be4jj ,fryeburgh4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ad2 8,the ,young ,pioneers10 #aj4 #bd4jj ,gorham4 8,friends10 for ,library1 ,talladega ,c4 #dc4jj ,hampden4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,north ,anson4 ,mrs4 ,eunice ,s4 ,brown #aj4jj ,south ,berwick4 ,mrs4 ,hodgdon's ,s4 ,s4 ,class1 for ,student ,aid1 ,talladega ,c4 #be4jj ,south ,paris4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #h4jf ,wells4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bg4ji ,winterport4 8,m40 #b4jj ,,new ,,hampshire1 #bdb4cc4 ,amherst4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ag4cg ,colebrook4 8,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,w40 #b4jj ,greenville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ae4jj ,haverhill4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ac4bh ,henniker4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer4 #e4jj ,lyme4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer4 #aj4jj ,marlborough4 ,freedmen's ,aid ,soc41 two ,bbls4 of ,c41 value #de1 for ,mc,intosh1 ,ga4 ,new ,boston4 8,l4 ,h410 for ,chinese ,m4 #be4jj ,new ,ipswich4 ,children's #bjth ,annual ,fair #bc4ej ,newmarket4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #aj4ah2 ,thomas ,h4 ,wiswall1 #aj4 #bj4ah ,pelham4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc #ed4jj ,pembroke4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7ad'l47 #c4jj ,tilton and ,northfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc #bj4jj ,wilton4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch #cd4jj ,,vermont1 #cjd4hj4 ,barton ,landing4 ,horace ,jones #b4jj ,brandon4 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,g4 ,case #e4jj ,brattleborough4 ,center ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ea4ah2 ,center ,ch41 8,a4 ,s40 #aj #fa4ah ,cambridge4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,wheelock #e4jj ,cornwall4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #fg4ej1 and ,,mrs4 ,p4 ,p4 ,,hurd1 #cj1 to const4 herself ,l4 ,m4 #ig4ej ,coventry4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ai4bj ,craftsbury4 ,ladies' ,miss'y ,soc4 of ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,freight1 for ,atlanta ,u4 #c4jj ,enosburgh4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 7ad'l74 #e4jj ,grafton4 8,a ,friend0 #aj4jj ,grand ,isle4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4jj ,montgomery ,center4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #h4jj ,newport4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #i4ge ,putney4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4hg ,south ,hero4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4jj ,weybridge4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ch4cj ,windham4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #d4jj ,windsor4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 7ad'l7 #f4jj ,,massachusetts1 #c1ejc4aj4 ,amesbury4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aa4ca ,andover4 ,mrs4 ,rebecca ,mills #ej4jj ,agawam4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #h4ee ,ashby4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #df4dc2 ,willing ,hands ,soc41 #cd4eg2 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,jos4 ,foster1 #b1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #hc4jj ,ashland4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,talladega ,c4 #bg4ge ,barre4 ,c4 ,b4 ,r4 #a4jj ,berlin4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #h4jj ,boston4 ,shawmut ,branch ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,pekin1 ,n4,c41 and to const4 ,,dea4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,wilkins and ,,dea4 ,n4 ,s4 ,,lovett1 ,l4 ,ms4 #gf4jj ,boston4 ,misses ,m4 ,a4 and ,h4 ,n4 ,kirk1 #bj2 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,a4 ,bartholomew1 #e #be4jj ,boxborough4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4jj ,brookline4 ,harvard ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ge4fd ,cambridgeport4 ,pilgrim ,ch4 ,mon4 ,con4 #i4jf ,centreville4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #e4jj ,charlton4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #ae4jj ,charlestown4 ,winthrop ,ch4 and ,soc4 #gc4gc ,chelsea4 ,ladies' ,union ,home ,mission ,band1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,chattanooga1 ,tenn4 #fj4jj ,chicopee4 ,third ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bj4fi ,danvers4 ,g4 ,w4 ,fisk1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #c4be ,easthampton4 ,first ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #ej4jj ,fitchburgh4 ,rollston ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ej4jj ,gilbertville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #be4jj ,holliston4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aja4ce ,holyoke4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ad4fg2 ,first ,cong ,ch4 and ,soc41 #f #bj4fg ,lanesborough4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,lawrence4 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,e4 ,g4 #j4ej ,lawrence4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,carter1 ,package ,books1 for ,mc,intosh1 ,ga4 ,lexington4 ,hancock ,ch4 and ,soc4 #be4jj ,lincoln4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #bb4jj ,littleton4 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,c4 ,houghton and ,s4 ,s4 ,class1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #d4jj ,milford4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #e4jj ,millbury4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #agj4eg ,monson4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ej4jj ,natick4 ,rev4 ,daniel ,wight #aj4jj ,newburyport4 ,freedmen's ,aid ,soc41 for ,student ,aid1 ,talladega ,c4 #ge4jj ,newton ,center4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #cc4ic ,newton ,highlands4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #ab4jj ,newton ,upper ,falls4 ,s4 ,d4 ,h4 #a4jj ,newtonville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #fj4ch ,northampton4 8,h4 ,n40 #a1jjj2 ,first ,ch41 #ajj4fb2 8,a ,friend10 #hg4ej #a1ahh4ab ,northfield4 ,m4 ,e4 ,hilliard #e4jj ,north ,hadley4 8,friend01 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #j4ge ,norwood4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ee4jj ,oxford4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #bj2 ,woman's ,mission ,soc41 for ,freight1 #b #bb4jj ,orange4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,m4 #a4jj ,palmer4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bj4id ,royalston4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #abe4jj ,rutland4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4ja ,salem4 ,sab4 ,sch4 of ,tabernacle ,ch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #ej4jj ,salem4 ,geo4 ,driver1 #b2 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,h4 ,w41 #ej;c #b4ej ,sandwich4 ,silas ,fish1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #e4jj ,scotland4 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,n4 ,leonard1 ,bbl4 of ,books and ,papers1 for ,macon1 ,ga41 and #a for ,freight #a4jj ,sherborn4 ,cong4 ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #cd4be ,somerset4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,south ,barre4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #aj4jj ,south ,hadley4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #cd2 ,teachers and ,pupils ,mount ,holyoke ,fem4 ,sem41 #ca #fe4jj ,springfield4 ,south ,ch4 and ,soc41 #dh4jg2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #cj4bh #gh4ce ,sudbury4 ,ladies' ,miss'y ,soc41 #c1 and ,bbl4 of ,c41 for ,atlanta ,u4 #c4jj ,sunderland4 ,mary ,warner's ,s4 ,s4 ,class1 ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,mobile1 ,ala4 #f4jj ,taunton4 ,union ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aj4jj ,templeton4 8,three ,ladies10 ,box of ,c41 val4 #ah1 and #a1 for ,freight #a4jj ,upton4 ,miss ,lydia ,chamberlain1 #e2 ,miss ,lizzie ,wheeler1 #b2 ,emma ,leland1 #b4be1 for ,mobile1 ,ala4 #i4be ,uxbridge4 ,evan4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bd4jj ,wakefield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ej4jj ,walpole4 ,orthodox ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 to const4 ,,dea4 ,,samuel ,e4 ,,guild ,l4 ,m4 #eg4fb ,west ,boxford4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aj4aj ,westfield4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bc4ij ,west ,granville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4jj ,west ,granville4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #a4jj ,westhampton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #bg4jj ,westhampton4 8,friend10 for ,pekin ,n4,c4 #a4jj ,west ,somerville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #f4jj ,west ,springfield4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #bh2 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #e4fb #cc4fb ,winchendon4 ,rev4 ,m4 ,h4 ,hitchcock1 #e2 ,g4 ,h4 ,w41 #ej;c4 #e4ej ,worcester4 ,central ,ch4 and ,soc4 7#cj of which from ,,mrs4 ,,alphonso ,,wood1 for ,tillotson ,c4 ,n4 ,inst4 and to const4 herself ,l4 ,m47 #ahf4bi ,worcester4 8,a ,friend10 #e2 8,fannie1 ,etta1 ,charlie and ,mary10 #a4ae1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #f4ae ,worcester4 ,old ,south ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ec4gg2 ,union ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch42 #ah4aj2 ,salem ,st4 ,ch41 #c4ej2 ,e4 ,j4 ,rice1 #b2 ,w4 ,j4 ,white1 #b #gi4cg ------ ,box and ,bbl4 of ,c41 for ,marion1 ,ala4 ,,rhode ,,island1 #aha4dd4 ,east ,providence4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #bi4ge ,peace ,dale4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aa4fi ,providence4 ,pilgrim ,cong4 ,ch and ,soc4 #abj4jj ,providence4 ,beneficent ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #bj4jj ,providence4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,a4 ,kendall1 ,bbl4 of ,c41 for ,mc,intosh1 ,ga4 ,,connecticut1 #a1hid4ei4 ,ansonia4 ,william ,paul1 #aj2 ,geo4 ,p4 ,cowles1 #e2 ,thomas ,wallace1 #e1 for ,building1 ,tillotson ,c4 ,n4 ,inst4 #bj4jj ,berlin4 8,a ,friend10 for ,tillotson ,c4 ,n4 ,ins4 #bj4jj ,berlin4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #g4hi ,birmingham4 ,j4 ,tomlinson1 #e2 ,henry ,somers1 #c2 ,j4 ,s41 #a1 for ,building1 ,tillotson ,c4 ,n4 ,inst4 #i4jj ,bridgeport4 ,l4 ,b4 ,eaton1 for ,land1 ,tillotson ,c4 ,n4 ,inst4 #bj4jj ,canaan4 ------ #a4jj ,chester4 ,c4 ,n4 ,s4 #a4jj ,derby4 ,edwin ,hallock1 #aj2 ,n4 ,j4 ,bailey1 #e2 ,w4 ,n4 ,s41 #a1 for ,building2 ,l4 ,de ,f41 #a1 for ,land1 ,tillotson ,c4 ,n4 ,inst4 #ag4jj ,ellington4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ha4ee ,elliott4 ,wm4 ,osgood #b4jj ,fair ,haven4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #ei4be ,farmington4 ,cong4 ,ch41 ,quar4 ,coll4 #dg4jd ,hartford4 ,dr4 ,john ,k4 ,lee1 #ejj2 ,j4 ,e4 ,cushman1 #bjj #gjj4jj ,kensington4 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,hotchkiss #e4jj ,meriden4 ,s4 ,b4 ,little1 #aj2 ,w4 ,h4 ,catlin1 #e2 8,a ,friend10 #a2 ,miss ,l4 ,t41 #a1 for ,land1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #ag4jj ,meriden4 ,e4 ,k4 ,breckenridge #e4jj ,middletown4 ,first ,ch41 #bf2 ,dea4 ,selah ,goodrich1 #bj #df4jj ,milford4 ,plymouth ,cong4 ,ch41 #dj2 ,rev4 ,g4 ,h4 ,griffin1 #bj #fj4jj ,milford4 ,g4 ,a4 ,r41 for ,land1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #a4jj ,mount ,carmel4 8,a ,friend10 for ,chinese ,m4 #e4jj ,new ,britain4 ,south ,cong ,ch41 to const4 ,d4 ,o4 ,,rogers ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,new ,britain4 ,mrs4 ,louisa ,nichols1 #ae2 ,mrs4 ,loomis1 #b2 ,mr4 ,case1 #b2 8,cash10 #a2 ,rev4 ,e4 ,h4 ,r41 #a1 for ,land2 ,mrs4 ,helen ,s4 ,north1 #aj2 ,john ,a4 ,williams1 #b2 ,i4 ,h4 ,allis1 #b1 for ,building1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #ce4jj ,new ,haven4 ,third ,cong4 ,ch4 #be4jj ,new ,haven4 ,dr4 ,wm4 ,b4 ,de ,forest1 for ,president's ,house1 ,talladega ,c4 #be4jj ,new ,haven4 ,mrs4 ,g4 ,w4 ,curtis1 #e2 ,mrs4 ,n4 ,w4 ,beers1 #b2 ,l4 ,w4 ,c41 #a2 ,w4 ,b4 ,l41 #a2 ,mrs ,a4 ,t41 #a2 ,g4 ,s41 #ej;c41 for ,student ,aid2 8,a ,friend10 #be2 ,capt4 ,s4 ,b4 ,c41 #a1 for ,land1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #cf4ej ,north ,haven4 ,s4 ,b4 ,t41 for ,land1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #a4jj ,north ,woodstock4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ab4ij ,norwich4 ,florence and ,jenny ,bill1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #ej4jj ,old ,lyme4 8,a ,friend0 7#a of which for ,john ,brown ,steamer7 #e4jj ,old ,saybrook4 ,r4 ,e4 ,i41 for ,land1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #a4jj ,plainfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ce4jj ,plainfield4 ,sab4 ,sch4 of ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,plainville4 8,a ,friend0 #ajj4jj ,plainville4 ,dea4 ,a4 ,n4 ,clark1 for ,land1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #aj4jj ,seymour4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #af4jj ,south ,windsor4 ,sab4 ,sch4 of ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4ah ,stamford4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #db4jj ,talcottville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ajf4gf ,unionville4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #bi4eb ,wallingford4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ge4jj ,wapping4 ,miss ,florence ,preston1 for ,student ,aid1 ,emerson ,inst4 #e4jj ,washington4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #ce1 for ,indian ,student ,aid1 ,hampton ,inst41 and #aj for ,john ,brown ,steamer #de4jj ,wauregan4 ,union ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #be4jj ,west ,hartland4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #h4jj ,west ,haven4 ,mrs4 ,emiline ,smith1 for ,land1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #aj4jj ,willimantic4 8,friends10 for ,needmore ,chapel1 ,talladega1 ,ala4 #ae4jj ------4 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,a4 ,wakefield1 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #aj4jj ,,new ,,york1 #dja4jf4 ,albany4 8,m40 #bj4jj ,amsterdam4 ,sab4 ,sch4 ,class4 ,presb4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,antwerp4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,brooklyn4 ,bedford ,cong4 ,ch4 #bc4ej ,brooklyn4 ,e4 ,d4 ,new ,england ,cong4 ,ch4 #af4ag ,buffalo4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #ae4jj ,clifton ,springs4 ,mrs4 ,andrew ,pierce1 #be2 ,rev4 ,s4 ,r4 ,butler1 #aj #ce4jj ,clifton ,springs4 ,mrs4 ,henry ,l4 ,chase1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #e4jj ,deansville4 8,l40 #e4jj ,fredonia4 ,miss ,martha ,l4 ,stevens #e4jj ,gaines4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 to const4 ,,miss ,,clara ,,warren ,l4 ,m4 #dd4ji ,gainesville4 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,f4 ,b4 #a4jj ,hamilton4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #bj4jj ,malone4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ec4ge ,new ,york4 ,e4 ,l4 ,h41 for ,land1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #a4jj ,new ,york4 ,w4 ,s4 ,d4 #j4ej ,oswego4 ,cong4 ,ch41 ,theo4 ,irwin1 #be2 ,a4 ,h4 ,failing1 #e2 ,j4 ,b4 ,hubbard1 #b2 ,h4 ,l4 ,hart1 #b #cd4jj ,pompey4 ,mrs4 ,lucy ,child #e4jj ,rensselaerville4 ,b4 ,f4 ,e4 #a4jj ,richfield ,springs4 ,cong4 ,ch41 to const4 ,,david ,,bonfoy ,l4 ,m4 #ca4jj ,rochester4 ,plymouth ,cong4 ,ch4 #bi4jj ,watertown4 ,george ,cook #e4jj ,wellsville4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #bc4ee ,woodhaven4 ,cong4 ,ch4 ,miss'y ,soc4 #g4ej ,,new ,,jersey1 #ejj4ej4 ,jersey ,city4 ,m4 ,w4 #j4ej ,morristown4 ,e4 ,a4 ,graves1 for ,talladega ,c4 #ejj4jj ,,pennsylvania1 #be4 ,clark4 ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,dickson #aj4jj ,meadville4 ,miss ,eliza ,dickson #ae4jj ,,ohio1 #cjj4ba4 ,austinburgh4 ,young ,ladies' ,miss'y ,soc41 for ,emerson ,inst4 #g4ej ,bellevue4 ,elvira ,boise1 #be2 ,s4 ,w4 ,boise1 #bj #de4jj ,chardon4 ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,ind'l ,dept41 ,tougaloo ,u4 #c4fd ,chatham ,center4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch4 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,claridon4 ,children's ,miss'y ,soc41 for ,student ,aid1 ,tougaloo ,u4 #aj4jj ,claridon4 ,mrs4 ,n4 ,s4 ,kellogg1 #e2 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #b4ej #g4ej ,cleveland4 ,sab4 ,sch4 of ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #ac4bf ,cleveland4 ,j4 ,j4 ,low1 #aj2 ,m4 ,h4 ,b41 #ej;c4 #aj4ej ,cleveland4 ,rogers ,son1 ,furniture1 val4 #be1 for ,tougaloo ,u4 ,dover4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #be4jj ,huntsburgh4 ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,ind'l ,dept41 ,tougaloo ,u4 #f4ah ,jefferson4 ,ladies' ,miss'y ,soc41 for ,student ,aid1 ,tougaloo ,u4 #ci4jj ,kent4 ,s4 ,b4 ,hall1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,madison4 ,ladies' ,benev4 ,soc41 #e4ej1 for ,student ,aid2 ,h4 ,h4 ,roe ,co41 ,cheese ,apparatus1 val4 #aaj4da1 for ,tougaloo ,u4 #e4ej ,mallett ,creek4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,bingham #e4jj ,mansfield4 ,sab4 ,sch4 of ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #be4jj ,marietta4 ,j4 ,w4 ,s4 and ,h4 ,r41 #ej;c4 each #a4jj ,nelson4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4jj ,newark4 ,welsh ,cong4 ,ch4 #i4bh ,oberlin4 8,a ,friend10 for ,chinese ,m4 #b4jj ,oberlin4 ,farrer ,neighborhood ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #b4jj ,oberlin4 ,maria ,l4 ,root1 #b2 ,l4 ,f41 #a #c4jj ,rochester4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #i4aj ,saybrook4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,d4 ,barber #bb4ej ,warren4 ,miss ,ella ,estabrook's ,s4 ,s4 ,class in ,presb4 ,ch41 for ,reading ,room1 ,emerson ,inst4 #h4jj ,wayne4 ,ellen ,jones #e4jj ,weymouth4 ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,ind'l4 ,dept41 ,tougaloo ,u4 #i4be ,,indiana1 #b4jj4 ,michigan ,city4 ,girls' ,juv4 ,soc4 of ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #b4jj ,,illinois1 #a1jhj4jb4 ,aurora4 ,sab4 ,sch4 of ,n4 ,e4 ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #be4jj ,cambridge4 ,y4 ,p4 ,miss'y ,circle1 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #be4jj ,chenoa4 ,woman's ,miss'y ,soc4 #c4gj ,chicago4 ,n4 ,e4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7#if of which special gift71 #bjb4bj2 ,n4 ,e4 ,cong4 ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #gd4fd2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #adh4ef2 ,ladies' ,miss4 ,soc4 of ,lincoln ,park ,ch41 #be2 ,theo4 ,sem41 #c4gg #ded4ag ,chicago4 ,c4 ,b4 ,bouton1 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #ej4jj ,englewood4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4jj ,forrest4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #be4gd ,galesburgh4 ,sab4 ,sch4 of ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #ej2 ,sab4 ,sch4 ,first ,church of ,christ1 #de4be1 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #ie4be ,galva4 ,cong4 ,ch41 7ad'l7 #e4jj ,geneseo4 ,sab4 ,sch4 of ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #db4bj ,kewanee4 ,women's ,miss'y ,soc41 for ,student ,aid1 ,tougaloo ,u4 #bj4jj ,lee ,center4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4ej ,lyndon4 8,a ,friend0 #b4jj ,mendon4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,moline4 ,ladies' ,miss'y ,soc41 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #be4jj ,northampton4 ,r4 ,w4 ,gilliam #e4jj ,oak ,park4 ,cong ,ch41 #b4ch2 ,w4 ,e4 ,b41 #ej;c #b4hh ,port ,byron4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4gj ,rockford4 ,first ,cong ,ch41 #eh4ib2 ,second ,cong4 ,ch41 #aa #fi4ib ,saint ,charles4 ,abbie ,c4 ,ward1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #c4jj ,springfield4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #cc4ae ,sterling4 ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,topeka1 ,kan4 #ej4ha ,sycamore4 ,j4 ,h4 ,rogers1 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #ajd4jj ,thomasborough4 8,r40 #e4jj ,,michigan1 #bhj4eh4 ,adrian4 ,a4 ,j4 ,hood 7#a of which for ,john ,brown ,steamer7 #aj4jj ,ann ,arbor4 8,a ,friend40 #bj4jj ,benzonia4 ,amasa ,waters #aj4jj ,benzonia4 ,first ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #ae4jj ,chelsea4 ,john ,c4 ,winans #ajj4jj ,detroit4 8,two ,friends of the ,indians10 for ,indian ,m4 #be4jj ,detroit4 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,d4 ,t4 #a4jj ,grand ,blanc4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #aa4cg2 ,sab4 ,sch4 ,concert1 #f4jc #ag4dj ,grand ,rapids4 ,park ,cong4 ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,h4 ,sengstacke #dj4jj ,homestead4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #b4de ,mattawan4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #b4be ,middleville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #d4df ,oliver4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #i4bh2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #g4gd #ag4jb ,saint ,john's4 ,rev4 ,s4 ,s4 #a4jj ,wheatland4 8,c4 ,m40 7#aj of which for ,john ,brown ,steamer7 #ae4jj ,,iowa1 #abj4bi4 ,atlantic4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #g4dg2 ,mrs4 ,milo ,whiting1 #e #ab4dg ,anamosa4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,e4 ,b4 and ,mrs4 ,d4 ,mc,c41 #ej;c4 each #a4jj ,cherokee4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #b4ej ,chester ,center4 ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #aj4jj ,danville4 ,mrs4 ,harriet ,huntington #f4jj ,davenport4 ,j4 ,a4 ,reed 7#aj of which for ,talladega ,c47 #bj4jj ,humboldt4 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,a4 ,w41 #a2 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,a4 ,l41 #a #b4jj ,keokuk4 ,woman's ,miss'y ,soc4 #ac4cj ,le ,grand4 ,t4 ,p4 and ,clarinda ,craig #e4jj ,mc,gregor4 ,y4 ,l4 ,mission ,band1 #aj2 ,woman's ,miss'y ,soc41 #i4ih #ai4ih ,seneca4 ,rev4 ,o4 ,littlefield and ,wife #ae4jj ,toledo4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ac4jd ,,wisconsin1 #cji4fh4 ,clinton4 ,john ,h4 ,cooper #e4jj ,durand4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,kidder1 #e2 ,miss ,a4 ,e4 ,kidder1 #e2 ,y4 ,l4 ,miss'y ,soc41 #b #ab4jj ,footville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4af ,kenosha4 ,first ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,montgomery1 ,ala4 #aj4jj ,menomonee4 8,a ,friend10 #ajj2 ,cong4 ,ch41 #bb4fd #abb4fd ,milwaukee4 ,hon4 ,e4 ,d4 ,holton1 #ajj2 ,grand ,av4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #eb4hh #aeb4hh ,racine4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7ad'l71 #a2 ,rev4 ,c4 ,n41 #a #b4jj ,,missouri1 #ai4ah4 ,saint ,joseph4 ,tabernacle ,cong4 ,ch4 #ai4ah ,,minnesota1 #gh4hg4 ,clearwater4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,w4 #j4ej ,granite ,falls4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4jj ,minneapolis4 ,plymouth ,cong4 ,ch4 #ej4gg ,minneapolis4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,m4 ,williams1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #ae4jj ,saint ,paul4 ,anna ,baker #b4jj ,waseca4 ,cong4 ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #h4fj ,,kansas1 #b4jj4 ,paola4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4jj ,,nebraska1 #be4jj4 ,lincoln4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #be4jj ,,dakota1 #e4jj4 ,kibby4 8,h4 ,r4 ,p40 #e4jj ,,colorado1 #a4ej4 ,denver4 ,j4 ,l4 ,peabody #a4ej ,,california1 #bbj4ae4 ,san ,francisco4 ,receipts of ,the ,california ,chinese ,mission 7ad'l7 #bbj4ae ,,district ,,of ,,columbia4 ,washington4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,chickering1 ,bundle of ,c41 for ,chattanooga1 ,tenn4 ,,maryland1 #ade4ee4 ,baltimore4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #ade4ee ,,tennessee1 #ace4ij4 ,nashville4 ,fisk ,university1 ,tuition #ace4ij ,,north ,,carolina1 #be;c4 ,wilmington4 ,tuition #j4be ,,south ,,carolina1 #aj4jj4 ,charleston4 ,plymouth ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4jj ,,georgia1 #cfi4cj4 ,atlanta4 ,storrs ,sch41 ,tuition1 #bdd4be2 ,rent1 #i #bec4be ,atlanta4 ,friends in ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #fj4bj ,atlanta4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #ae2 ,rev4 ,e4 ,k41 #a #af4jj ,macon4 ,lewis ,high ,sch41 ,tuition1 #g4ce2 ,rent1 #b4ej #i4he ,savannah4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #cj4jj ,,alabama1 #aaa4gg4 ,mobile4 ,through ,a4 ,m4 #a2 ,through ,p4 ,w41 #ge;c42 ,e4 ,s41 #a2 ,m4 ,m41 #ej;c41 for rebuilding ,emerson ,inst4 #c4be ,mobile4 ,emerson ,inst41 ,tuition #a4jj ,montgomery4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #cj4jj ,selma4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4cj ,talladega4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,s4 ,de ,forest1 for ,president's ,house1 ,talladega ,c4 #fa4bb ------4 8,a ,friend0 #aj4jj ,,mississippi1 #dd4ed4 ,rodney4 ,j4 ,d4 ,b4 #j4ed ,tougaloo4 ,rent #dd4jj ,,income1 #abj4ej4 ,avery ,fund1 for ,mendi ,m4 #abj4ej ------------------ ,total #aj1hhi4gb 99 99 99 99 99 ,,receipts ,,of ,,the ,,california ,,chinese ,,mission1 ,e4 ,palache1 ,treas41 additional for year ending ,aug4 #cast1 #ahhb3 ,,from ,,auxiliary ,,missions3 ,petaluma1 ,col41 at ,anniversary1 #f4ej2 ,annual ,members1 #bf4--,sacramento1 ,annual ,members1 #f4--,santa ,barbara1 ,mrs4 ,n4 ,p4 ,austin1 #a2 ,miss ,annie ,dennis1 #a4--,stockton1 ,annual ,members1 #h #dh4ej ,,from ,,churches3 ,los ,angeles1 ,cong4 ,ch41 ,annual ,members1 #d4--,oakland1 ,plym4 ,av4 ,ch4 7#e of which from ,rev4 ,h4 ,e4 ,jewett71 #f4--,rio ,vista1 ,cong4 ,ch41 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,l4 ,merritt1 #e4--,san ,bernadino1 ,cong4 ,ch41 ,coll41 #ab4ce--,san ,francisco1 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 ,coll41 #af2 ,annual ,members1 #d4--;,bethany1 ,ch41 ,annual ,members1 #ad #fa4ce ,,from ,,eastern ,,friends3 ,bangor1 ,me41 ,hon4 ,e4 ,r4 ,burpee1 #ajj4--;,boston1 ,mass41 ,miss ,harriette ,carter1 #aj4--;,glyndon1 ,minn41 ,mrs4 ,n4 ,m4 ,willard1 #cj;c #aaj4cj ------------ ,total #bbj4ae 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for ,,arthington ,,mission4 ,income ,fund #age4jj ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,treas41 #ef ,reade ,st41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,brain ,,and ,,nerve ,,food4 ,,vitalized ,,phos-,,phites4 ,it restores the energy lost by ,nervousness or ,indigestion2 relieves ,lassitude and ,neuralgia2 refreshes the ,nerves tired by ,worry1 ,excitement or ,excessive ,brain ,fatigue2 strengthens a ,failing ,memory1 and gives ,renewed ,vigor in all ,diseases of ,nervous ,exhaustion or ,debility4 ,it is the only ,,preventive of ,consumption4 ,it gives ,vitality to the ,insufficient ,bodily or ,mental ,growth of ,children2 gives ,quiet1 ,rest and ,sleep1 as it promotes ,good ,health to ,brain and ,body4 ,composed of the ,nerve-,giving ,principles of the ,ox-,brain and ,wheat-,germ4 ,physicians have ,prescribed #ejj1jjj ,packages4 ,for sale by ,druggists1 or by ,mail1 #a4 ,f4 ,,crosby ,,co41 #ffd and #fff ,sixth ,avenue1 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j4 ,b4 ,,williams ,,co41 ,,glastonbury1 ,,conn41 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,shaving and ,toilet ,soaps4 ,for over #cj years this firm has made the manufacture of ,,shaving ,,soaps a specialty1 and their ,yankee ,barber's ,bar1 and other soaps1 enjoy a reputation among ,barbers1 as well as those who shave themselves1 unequalled by any other4 ,to all of our readers who are seeking for the ,,very ,,best ,,shaving ,,soap1 we would say1 be sure and get some of the following 7carefully avoiding counterfeits73 ,,genuine ,,yankee ,,soap1 ,,barber',s ,,favorite ,,soap1 ,,clipper ,,shaving ,,soap1 ,,verbena ,,cream ,,tablet1 ,,pocket ,,shaving ,,soap1 ,,tonsorial ,,soap1 ,,barber',s ,,bar ,,soap1 ,,mug ,,shaving ,,soap4 ,these ,soaps can be found in every ,state and nearly every town in the ,united ,states4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,count ,,rumford4 ,,horsford',s ,,acid ,,phosphate4 7,,liquid47 ,,for ,,dyspepsia1 ,,mental ,,and ,,physical ,,exhaustion1 ,,nervousness1 ,,diminished ,,vitality1 ,,urinary ,,difficulties1 ,,etc4 ,,prepared ,,according ,,to ,,the ,,direction ,,of ,prof4 ,e4 ,n4 ,horsford1 of ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,there seems to be no difference of opinion in high medical authority of the value of phosphoric acid1 and no preparation has ever been offered to the public which seems to so happily meet the general want as this4 ,it is not nauseous1 but agreeable to the taste4 ,no danger can attend its use4 ,its action will harmonize with such stimulants as are necessary to take4 ,it makes a delicious drink with water and sugar only4 ,prices reasonable4 ,pamphlet giving further particulars mailed free on application4 ,,manufactured ,,by ,,the ,,rumford ,,chemical ,,works1 ,providence1 ,r4,i41 ,,and ,,for ,,sale ,,by ,,all ,,druggists4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,established ,,thirty ,,years4 ,illustration3 ,smith ,,american ,,organs ,,are ,,the ,,best4 99 99 99 99 99 ,catalogues ,free on ,application4 ,address the ,company either at ,,boston1 ,,mass41 #eca ,tremont ,street2 ,,london1 ,,eng41 #eg ,holborn ,viaduct2 ,,kansas ,,city1 ,mo41 #hag ,main ,street2 ,,atlanta1 ,,ga41 #bg ,whitehall ,street2 ,or1 ,,defiance1 ,o4 ,,over #ie1jjj ,,sold4 99 99 99 99 99 #g ,,per ,,cent4 ,,to #h ,,per ,,cent4 ,interest ,net to ,investors ,in ,first ,mortgage ,bonds ,,on ,,improved ,,farms ,in ,iowa1 ,minnesota and ,dakota1 ,,secured ,,by ,,ormsby ,,bros4 ,,co41 ,,bankers1 ,,loan ,,and ,,land ,,brokers1 ,,emmetsburg1 ,,iowa4 ,references and ,circulars forwarded on ,application4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,the ,rising sun ,,stove ,,polish ,for beauty of gloss1 for saving of toil1 ,for freeness from dust and slowness to soil1 ,and also for cheapness 'tis yet unsurpassed1 ,and thousands of merchants are selling it fast4 ,of all imitations 'tis well to beware2 ,the half risen sun every package should bear2 ,for this is the 8trade mark0 the ,,morse ,,bros4 use1 ,and none are permitted the mark to abuse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,payson',s ,,indelible ,,ink1 ,,for ,,marking ,,any ,,fabric ,,with ,a ,,common ,,pen1 ,,without ,a ,,preparation4 ,it still stands unrivaled after #ej years' test4 ,,the ,,simplest ,,and ,,best4 ,sales now greater than ever before4 ,this ,ink received the ,diploma and ,medal at ,centennial over all rivals4 ,report of ,judges3 8,for simplicity of application and indelibility40 ,,inquire ,,for ,,payson',s ,,combination666 ,sold by all ,druggists1 ,stationers and ,news ,agents1 and by many ,fancy ,goods and ,furnishing ,houses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,circulation ,now #hj1jjj1 and ,increasing4 ,advocating ,evangelical ,religion and ,temperance4 ,liberty1 ,education and ,equal ,rights for all4 ,,new ,,york ,,witness ,,publications for #ahhb ,new ,york ,weekly ,witness4--,now in its #aath year2 circulation1 #hj1jjj2 ,,one ,,dollar a year4 ,gratis copy for club of #aj1 with #aj4 ,on trial three months1 #be;c4 ,sabbath ,reading4--,a very handsome1 small eight-page weekly1 containing in each number an excellent sermon and a choice selection of interesting matter for reading on the ,lord's ,day4 ,,fifty ,,cents a year2 club of ten1 #d4 ,on trial three months1 #ae;c4 ,gems of ,poetry4--,a beautiful1 sixteen page monthly1 on fine paper1 and with an excellent portrait of some eminent poet in each number4 ,the contents are two serials1 the neid of ,virgil and ,aurora ,leigh by ,mrs4 ,browning2 a fine assortment of selected poetry1 and a great variety of original poetry--the latter competing for two prizes each quarter4 ,,forty ,,cents a year2 club of three1 #a4 ,on trial for three months1 #aj;c4 ,specimens of the above publications sent free on application4 ,all stop when subscription expires4 ,,witness1 ,,sabbath ,,reading and ,,gems ,,of ,,poetry1 three months on trial for fifty cents4 ,,john ,,dougall ,,co4 ,,witness ,,office3 #ba ,,vandewater ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 ,we demand the ,prohibition of the ,liquor ,traffic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,estey ,,organ ,j4 ,estey ,co ,brattleboro ,vt4 ,as musical culture increases it demands in musical instruments for home1 church1 or school1 excellence in tone1 tasteful workmanship1 and durability4 ,,send ,,for ,,illustrated ,,catalogue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,carpets ,rugs1 ,mattings1 etc41 ,,for ,,cash4 #c4ej--;,,elegant ,,styles1 ,,light ,,and ,,dark ,,patterns1 ,,axminster1 ,,moquette ,,and ,,hearth ,,rugs1 #bg #fd in4 ,these goods are very serviceable and are suitable for parlor or drawing room1 and are sold elsewhere for #e to #g each4 ,,reversible1 ,,smyrna ,,and ,,velvet ,,rugs ,,and ,,mats1 large assortment4 ,,reversible ,,mats1 #ge;c41 #ij;c41 #a2 ,,extra ,,quality1 #a4ej2 ,,reversible ,,rugs1 #a4fj1 #b4ej1 #c1 #c4ge1 #d4ej2 ,,extra ,,large1 #f1 #f4ej1 #i and #aj4 ,,india ,,body ,,brussels ,,carpets1 #de and #ee;c4 per yard4 ,,tapestry ,,brussels1 #fj;c41 #fe;c41 #ge;c4 and upwards4 ,,velvet ,,carpets 7fine quality71 #a4be1 #a4ce per yard4 ,,mattings1 ,,oil ,,cloths1 ,,druggets1 ,in numerous designs and worthy the attention of consumers and dealers4 ,mail orders will receive prompt attention4 ,,andrew ,,lester ,,co41 #eaa ,broadway1 ,st4 ,nicholas ,hotel ,block4 ,,new ,,york1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 #fj1jjj ,,tons ,,used ,,in #ahha4 ,one ton will build two miles of staunch three-strand ,barb ,fence4 ,one strand will make an old wooden fence impassable to large cattle4 ,one strand at bottom will keep out hogs4 ,washburn ,moen ,man'f'g ,co41 ,,worcester1 ,,mass41 ,manufacturers of ,patent ,steel ,barb ,fencing4 ,illustration ,a ,,steel ,thorn ,hedge4 ,no other ,fencing so cheap or put up so quickly4 ,never rusts1 stains1 decays1 shrinks nor warps4 ,unaffected by fire1 wind or flood4 ,a complete barrier to the most unruly stock4 ,impassable by man or beast4 ,no other ,fence ,material so easily handled by small proprietors and tenants1 or large planters in the ,south4 ,shipped on spools containing #ajj pounds1 or eighty rods of ,fencing4 ,can be kept on the ,reel for transient uses4 ,,cheapest1 ,,best ,,and ,,most ,,effective ,,of ,,fences4 ,send for ,illustrative ,pamphlets and ,circulars1 as above4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,american ,,missionary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we send this number of the ,,american ,,missionary to some persons whose names are not among our subscribers1 with the hope that they will read it1 and that their interest in the work which it represents will be deepened1 and we take occasion to repeat what we have set forth and urged frequently during the year1 to wit3 ,that we are keenly alive to the necessity of keeping this magazine abreast with the very best publications of other missionary societies1 at home and abroad4 ,we shall seek to make its appearance attractive by pictures and illustrations4 ,the ,children's ,page will contain original stories and suggestive incidents4 ,the ,general ,notes on ,africa1 the ,chinese and ,indians will be continued4 ,the fullest information will be given about our work in the ,south1 now recognized as so important to the welfare of the nation4 ,we shall also make ample reports of our methods and work among the ,indians and ,chinese in ,america1 and following the ,annual ,meeting publish a double number like the present issue1 giving a full account of the proceedings of that occasion4 ,no ,christian family can afford to be without missionary intelligence1 and no missionary society can afford to be without readers of its publications2 it had better give them to the readers without pay than to have no readers4 ,missionary zeal will die in the churches without missionary intelligence4 ,but it would be far better for both the societies and the readers if missionary news were paid for4 ,this would give the magazine attentive perusal and the society relief from the reproach of a large expense for publication4 ,missionary publications should be put on a paying basis4 ,aside from a free list to life members1 ministers1 etc41 the cost of publication should be made up by paying subscribers and advertisements4 ,we are anxious to put the ,,american ,,missionary on this basis4 ,we intend to make it worth its price1 and we ask our patrons to aid us3 #a4 ,more of our readers can take pains to send us either the moderate subscription price 7#ej cents71 or #a4jj1 naming a friend to whom we may send a second copy4 #b4 ,a special friend in each church can secure subscribers at club-rates 7#ab copies for #e or #be copies for #aj74 #c4 ,business men can benefit themselves by advertising in a periodical that has a circulation of over #bj1jjj copies monthly and that goes to many of the best men and families in the land4 ,will not our friends aid us to make this plan a success8 ,subscriptions and advertisements should be sent to ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,treasurer1 #ef ,reade st41 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes ,obvious printer's punctuation errors and omissions corrected4 ,inconsistent hyphenation retained due to the multiplicity of authors4 ,period spellings 7e4g4indispensible1 incrusted7 retained4 8,steet0 changed to 8,street0 on the inside cover in the ,,corresponding ,,secretary listing4 8accustumed0 changed to 8accustomed0 on page #cfc4 7they were accustomed to attend7 8ist0 changed to 8list0 on page #chc4 7the list of trust funds7