from the ,google ,books project47       
,the ,royal ,exchange  ,,and  ,,the     
,,palace ,,of ,,industry4               
,the ,royal ,exchange                   
,,and                          ,,the    
,,palace ,,of ,,industry2               
,,or1                            ,,the  
,,possible ,,future                     
,,of                           ,,europe 
,,and ,,the ,,world4                    
,in ,three ,parts4                      
,,by ,,the                              
,,rev4 ,,thomas ,,binney4               
8,,the ,,earth ,,is ,,the ,,lord',s1    
,,and ,,all ,,that ,,therein ,,is3      
,,the ,,compass ,,of ,,the ,,world1     
,,and ,,they ,,that ,,dwell ,,therein40 
,,london3                       ,,the   
,,religious ,,tract ,,society1          
,,depository1 #ef1 ,,paternoster-,,row1 
,,and #fe1 ,,st4 ,,paul',s ,,churchyard4
                                        
#ahea4     ,,psalm ,,xxiv4  ,a ,,psalm  
,,of ,,david4     #a ,,the ,,earth ,,is 
,,the ,,lord',s1 ,,and ,,the ,,fulness  

,,thereof2     ,,the ,,world1 ,,and     
,,they ,,that ,,dwell ,,therein4   #b   
,,for ,,he ,,hath ,,founded ,,it ,,upon 
,,the ,,seas1     ,,and ,,established   
,,it ,,upon ,,the ,,floods4    #c ,,who 
,,shall ,,ascend ,,into ,,the ,,hill    
,,of ,,the ,,lord8     ,,or ,,who       
,,shall ,,stand ,,in ,,his ,,holy       
,,place8   #d ,,he ,,that ,,hath ,,clean
 ,,hands1 ,,and ,a ,,pure ,,heart2      
,,who ,,hath ,,not ,,lifted ,,up ,,his  
,,soul ,,unto ,,vanity1 ,,nor ,,sworn   
,,deceitfully4   #e ,,he ,,shall        
,,receive ,,the ,,blessing ,,from ,,the 
,,lord1     ,,and ,,righteousness ,,from
 ,,the ,,god ,,of ,,his ,,salvation4    
#f ,,this ,,is ,,the ,,generation ,,of  
,,them ,,that ,,seek ,,him1     ,,that  
,,seek ,,thy ,,face1 ,o ,,jacob4        
,,selah4    #g ,,lift ,,up ,,your       
,,heads1 ,o ,,ye ,,gates2     ,,and ,,be
 ,,ye ,,lift ,,up1 ,,ye ,,everlasting   
,,doors2     ,,and ,,the ,,king ,,of    
,,glory ,,shall ,,come ,,in4    #h ,,who
 ,,is ,,this ,,king ,,of ,,glory8       

,,the ,,lord ,,strong ,,and ,,mighty1   
,,the ,,lord ,,mighty ,,in ,,battle4    
#i ,,lift ,,up ,,your ,,heads1 ,o ,,ye  
,,gates2     ,,even ,,lift ,,them ,,up1 
,,ye ,,everlasting ,,doors2     ,,and   
,,the ,,king ,,of ,,glory ,,shall ,,come
 ,,in4    #aj ,,who ,,is ,,this ,,king  
,,of ,,glory8     ,,the ,,lord ,,of     
,,hosts1 ,,he ,,is ,,the ,,king ,,of    
,,glory4 ,,selah4     ,,contents4       
,,page                                  
,,part ,i4                              
,,expository4      ,,historical         
,,introduction                          
#c      ,,the ,,divine ,,existence ,,and
 ,,personality                          
#i      ,,creation                      
#ae      ,,providence                   
#bd                                     
,,part ,,ii4                            
,,inferential4      ,,worship           
#dd      ,,character                    
#eb      ,,christ                       
#fj                                     
,,part ,,iii4                           

,,prophetic4      ,,the ,,argument      
,,recapitulated--,,the ,,religious      
,,anticipation ,,of ,,the     ,,future  
,,illustrated ,,and ,,justified ,,by    
,,the ,,hopes ,,of ,,social ,,and       
,,political ,,philanthropy              
#hh      ,,universal ,,theism           
#aja      ,,universality ,,of           
,,christian ,,worship                   
#ajd      ,,the ,,scriptures ,,will     
,,purify ,,and ,,restore ,,the ,,church 
#aab      ,,universal ,,virtue          
#aag      ,,nationalities               
#abc      ,,practical ,,suggestions     
#abh                                    
,,postscript4      ,,the ,,exhibition   
,,opened                                
#adi     ,,part ,i4  ,,expository4      
,,part ,i4  ,,expository4               
,,historical ,,introduction1 ,,and      
,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,work4   ,on the     
night of the #ajth of ,january1 in the  
year #ahch1 the inhabitants of          
,london--those especially residing in   
the heart of the city--were alarmed by a

 cry expressive or prophetic of calamity
 or peril4--,,the ,,royal ,,exchange was
 in flames6 ,feelings and sentiments    
were excited by the occurrence different
 from those produced by an ordinary     
conflagration4 ,the ,royal ,exchange was
 one of the great public buildings of   
the metropolis2 it was the third too    
which1 within a very short period1 had  
met with a similar fate4 ,it was not    
only the monument of individual         
munificence1 the gift to the city which 
he had adorned and served1 of an eminent
 merchant1--a man of talents1 goodness1 
learning1 and largeness of heart2 it was
 the central point in the ,british      
empire for the meeting of the men of all
 nations2 the palace of trade2 the place
 of commercial congress2 the hall in    
which assembled from day to day the     
8merchant princes0 of ,england1 and the 
representatives of the traffic and the  
wealth of the world4 ,the flames spread2
 the devouring element secured to itself
 the entire edifice2 it fed upon and    

consumed floor and roof1 picture and    
statue1 destroying or defacing          
everything it touched1 till the whole   
building was reduced to ashes1 and      
nothing remained of it but smouldering  
ruins4  ,in a little time a new edifice 
was projected1 larger and more          
magnificent than the former1 and thus   
better fitted to meet the wants of the  
age1 and to indicate the progress and   
advancement of society4 ,the first stone
 was laid by the youthful husband of our
 young queen1--one might almost say the 
young bridegroom of a royal bride1--and 
the building rose with comparative      
rapidity1 unfolding and embodying its   
great idea4 ,as it approached           
completion1 and its front was to be     
adorned by some significant figures or  
allegorical device1 questions arose as  
to whether an inscription should be     
placed there with them1 and as to what  
that inscription should be4 ,the        
illustrious individual who had laid the 
first stone of the structure suggested  

for that inscription a simple text from 
the ,english ,bible1 8,,the ,,earth ,,is
 ,,the ,,lord',s1 ,,and ,,the ,,fulness 
,,thereof40 ,the suggestion was adopted2
 it was carried into effect2 and hence  
there may be read1 on the front of our  
,royal ,exchange1 and read in our land's
 language1--but addressed to all men2   
for they are addressed not only to the  
,british merchant1 but to the           
representatives of every nation under   
heaven1--the few plain words which have 
just been repeated1--  ,,the ,,earth    
,,is ,,the ,,lord',s1 ,,and ,,the       
,,fulness ,,thereof4  ,words1 however1  
these1 which1 while simple in           
appearance1 are pregnant and suggestive 
in the highest degree2 for they are full
 to overflowing1 of great practical     
divine thoughts4  ,the suggestion of    
this inscription for the ,royal         
,exchange was the suggestion not only of
 sound judgment and good sense1 but of  
piety1 humility1 and religious faith4   
,it attributes nothing to any           

individual2 it proclaims no national or 
municipal greatness2 it breathes no     
flattery to monarch1 merchant1 class1 or
 kingdom3--it is simply a devout        
recognition of ,almighty ,god1 8from    
whom1 and by whom1 and for whom are all 
things30--who created the world1 and    
adorned and beautified it2 who covered  
it with verdure1 made it fruitful1 fills
 it with its various products1 and      
sustains it for the service of man4 ,it 
is a great thing to have this public    
recognition of the ,most ,high made1 as 
it were1 every hour of every day1 from  
the very centre of all mundane and      
secular activities2--it is a stirring   
recollection1 that that very building1  
thought by many to be the temple of     
,mammon1 should stand forth as a        
preacher and teacher on behalf of ,god2 
and1 still more so1 that its ,english   
voice should be distinctly heard above  
the din and discord of its many         
languages1 perpetually proclaiming to   
its busy multitudes1 and the busy       

multitudes of the whole city1 what1 if  
practically pondered1 would cool        
avarice1 prevent fraud1 moderate        
ambition1 inspire truth1 dictate        
justice1 make every man feel as a       
brother to his fellow1 and all nations1 
ranks1 and conditions of men1 as the    
members of one vast and undivided       
confraternity4  ,it is interesting to   
think that the same illustrious ,prince 
who suggested the inscription for the   
,royal ,exchange1 originated the idea of
 the ,exhibition of the industry of all 
nations4 ,it is to the honour of        
,england1 that the first time that the  
whole world1 so to speak1 comes together
 for a peaceful purpose1 the meeting    
takes place in the ,british metropolis2 
and it is to the honour of the husband  
of ,england's ,queen1 not only that he  
should have been the father of this     
thought1 but that by a previous one he  
should have attempted1 as it were1 to   
sanctify industry1 and trade1 and       
commerce1 and manufactures1 by an open  

recognition of the providence of ,god as
 the source of them all4 ,it is worth   
living for1 to be1 first1 the occasion  
of a great central commercial edifice1  
in one of the greatest cities of the    
world1 bearing on its front the record  
of the central truth of religion2 and   
then1 secondly1 to be the cause of the  
congregating together1 in that city1 of 
men of all lands and of all languages1  
to look1 among other things1 upon that  
edifice1 and to observe the truth which 
the people it represents have there     
publicly enthroned6  ,the writer of the 
following pages proposes1 then1 to unite
 in his reflections the two things      
which1 through the agency of the same   
mind1 are thus already united in        
fact--the ,,inscription on the ,royal   
,exchange1 and ,,the ,,exhibition ,,of  
,,the ,,industry ,,of ,,all ,,nations4  
,he intends1 in the first part1 to point
 out and illustrate the great primary   
religious truths which are involved in  
the announcement of the inscription     

itself4 ,as it1 however1 is the first   
verse of a psalm1 he purposes1 in the   
second part1 to look at it in connexion 
with the whole of the psalm1 and at the 
psalm in connexion with the whole of    
,revelation1 and thus to bring out and  
associate with the inscription          
additional ideas of both truth and duty4
 ,then1 supposing the whole series of   
these truths and duties to be earnestly 
adopted and practically exemplified by  
all nations--by ,england herself1 and by
 those to whom they will be virtually   
presented on their meeting together in  
the ,british metropolis--it is proposed1
 in the last part1 to describe what1 on 
such a supposition1 would be the coming 
future of ,europe and of the world4     
,i4  ,the ,divine ,existence and        
,personality4   ,the first idea         
suggested by the words of the           
inscription is the existence of ,god3   
8,the earth is the ,lord's40 ,it is here
 assumed that there is a ,god2 and it is
 further assumed that ,god is a person4 

,he is the possessor and proprietor of  
the world3 he has an existence distinct 
from it3 he is capable of looking upon  
it1 and of regarding it as his own3     
8,the earth is the ,lord's1 and the     
fulness thereof2 the world1 and they    
that dwell therein40 ,not only is the   
material structure his1 but the living  
inhabitants2 and not only those of      
inferior rank1 but the ,lord and ,master
 of them all4 ,the same being that      
claims 8the fowls of the mountains1 the 
wild beasts of the field and the forest1
 and the cattle upon a thousand hills10 
claims also to be the proprietor of man1
 the source and sovereign of the        
intelligent universe2--8all souls are   
mine40 ,god is not nature1 nor nature   
,god4 ,god and the universe are not one 
and the same thing4 ,he is not a force1 
a power1 a law2 he is not attraction1   
electricity1 or any of the great active 
material agents1 or all of them put     
together3 he is not necessity1 chance1  
fate3 he is not a thing1 nor the sum of 

things1 but a person3 he is a mind1 with
 faculties1 affections1 character1 and  
is as distinct from the 8earth0 and the 
8world0 as a man is distinct from a     
house or a clock1 or anything whatever  
that he can call his4  ,the personality 
of ,god--his existence as an intelligent
 agent distinct from the universe1--is  
destructive of all theories of atheism  
and pantheism2 of the philosophy which  
teaches that there is no ,god at all1   
and of that which teaches that all      
things are ,god4 ,the two systems1      
indeed1 are essentially one2 they are   
alike opposed to the existence of       
religion1 and render faith and piety    
impossible4 ,a principle is proclaimed  
in the words before us1--words          
ceaselessly uttered1 and uttered to all 
men1 from the commercial centre of this 
great city1--which repels and repudiates
 a godless philosophy1 in whatever form 
it may be held or taught--by whatever   
name it may be indicated or concealed4  
,the truth thus referred to1 the        

foundation truth of all religion1 is    
taught and illustrated in the ,holy     
,scriptures in the most remarkable      
manner4 ,the ,bible1 indeed1 seldom or  
never attempts to prove that there is a 
,god2 it rather assumes his existence1  
takes it for granted1 proceeds upon it  
as a necessary intuitional truth1 and   
regards any one who would pretend to    
deny it1 either as 8a fool0 who is      
prompted to the denial by his corrupt   
8heart20 or as a philosopher who has    
become 8vain in his reasonings10 and    
whose 8understanding is darkened40      
,while1 however1 the ,bible starts with 
the acknowledgment of ,god1 and proceeds
 throughout on the recognition of his   
existence1 it occasionally illustrates  
his personality1 supremacy1 distinctness
 from the universe and correlative      
truths1 in a way which is at once       
adapted to confirm these views where    
they are admitted1--to demonstrate them 
to those that doubt1--and to cover with 
contempt idolaters or sophists by whom  

they may be denied4  ,two or three      
scriptural passages may be quoted here1 
in support or illustration of this      
statement4 ,let it be remembered then1  
that the ,scriptures always ascribe to  
,god personal attributes4 ,he is 8a ,god
 of knowledge40 ,his 8understanding is  
infinite40 ,he acts 8according to the   
council of his will40 ,he is 8holy10    
8just10 8good10 8pure20 ,he loves and   
hates1 observes and remembers1 approves 
and condemns1 punishes and rewards4 ,his
 personal omniscience1 and consequent   
independence of all other beings1 is    
powerfully asserted by ,isaiah3--8,who  
hath directed the ,spirit of the ,lord1 
or being his counsellor hath taught him8
 ,with whom took he counsel1 and who    
instructed him1 and taught him in the   
path of judgment1 and taught him        
knowledge1 and showed to him the way of 
understanding80 ,but the personality of 
,god1 and his distinct existence from   
the universe1 are sometimes united      
together in a very striking way4 ,he is 

referred to as the ,creator--the source 
whence all things have proceeded2 and   
then1 on the principle that what there  
is in the effect there must first have  
been in the cause1 and must continue to 
be in an existing cause1 his personal   
properties are argued from the fact that
 such properties actually exist1--exist1
 that is1 in men1--beings whom he has   
made3 8,he that planted the ear1 shall  
not he hear8 he that formed the eye1    
shall not he see8 ''' he that teacheth  
man knowledge1 shall not he know80 ,the 
same argument1 in another form1 is used 
by the apostle ,paul1 when reasoning    
with the philosophers of ,athens4       
,having referred to ,god as the ,creator
 of the world2 as giving 8to all life1  
and breath1 and all things20 and as     
8having made all nations of men that    
dwell on the face of the earth20--having
 illustrated his position by the saying 
of one of their own poets1--8we are also
 his offspring10--he proceeds to argue  
thus3--8forasmuch then1 as we are the   

offspring of ,god1 we ought not to think
 that the ,godhead is like unto gold1 or
 silver1 or stone1 graven by art and    
man's device30 in other words1 8seeing  
that we have thought1 intelligence1 and 
will1--that we have affections1         
consciousness1 personality1--and seeing 
that we are the creatures of ,god1 and  
must have derived from him whatsoever we
 possess1 it is absurd to think of him  
as impersonal1 material1 unintelligent1 
since he must certainly have in himself 
what he has been able to confer40 ,there
 is great force in this form of putting 
the truth as it is put both by the      
prophet and the apostle4 ,to ordinary   
common sense1 it would seem to be       
demonstrative4 ,it appears so natural to
 infer that the great parent of persons 
must be a person2--that the source of   
thought must be able to think2--that the
 fountain whence flows to the           
intelligent universe1 faculty and       
affection1 reason and will1 must possess
 these in infinite plenitude in         

itself2--it would appear so natural to  
reason thus1 and so obvious1 as almost  
to render reference to it superfluous1  
were it not that it is now fashionable  
to think of the universe as a mere      
machine1 and ,god as the central and    
pervading force1 and that this machine1 
in the course of its ceaseless and      
everlasting action1 and in the process  
of its varied movements from eternity1  
has happened1 or contrived1 to grind out
 thought along with other things1 and to
 fill worlds with persons 7or what seem 
to be such7 as well as with form and    
colour1 and the different objects of    
material existence6 ,in reference to    
such a theory1 we may appropriately     
adopt the words of the psalmist1 which  
stand in immediate connexion with those 
already quoted4 8,understand1 ye brutish
 among the people3 and ye fools1 when   
will ye be wise8--,the ,lord knoweth the
 thoughts of man1 that they are vanity40
     ,,ii4  ,creation4   ,but the words 
of the ,inscription1 read in connexion  

with the second verse of the psalm from 
which it is taken1 further illustrate   
the ideas adverted to--,god's existence1
 personality1 and distinction from the  
universe--by placing the fact of his    
ownership of the earth1 on the previous 
fact of his having created it4 8,the    
earth is the ,lord's1 and the fulness   
thereof2 the world1 and they that dwell 
therein4 ,for he hath founded it upon   
the seas1 and established it upon the   
floods40  ,god is thus distinctly       
recognised as the ,creator of all       
things1 and as hence becoming1 or being1
 their proprietor1 by necessary         
consequence4 ,that the universe is a    
creation1 in the most strict and literal
 sense of the word1 is the teaching of  
the ,bible2--a truth which1 while       
leading to that of his universal        
proprietorship of the earth and the     
world1 as necessarily implies and       
strikingly illustrates his own distinct 
independence and personality3 8,through 
faith we understand that the worlds were

 framed by the word of ,god1 so that    
things which are seen were not made of  
things which do appear40 ,the meaning of
 this statement is1 that visible        
objects--that is1 the whole visible     
universe--did not originally spring out 
of visible materials4 ,however long     
might be the periods1 during which the  
substance of the earth was undergoing   
preparatory processes1 previous to the  
appearance of its destined inhabitant1  
there was a time when that substance was
 not4 ,there was a period when the      
,eternal lived alone1--when space was   
literally infinite1 except as filled and
 pervaded by him1--when nothing material
 anywhere existed1 by which any portion 
of space could be inclosed or limited4  
,in that mysterious solitude1 ,god was  
as much a personality1--as much a mind  
with thought and will1--as he is now4   
,he could not then be confounded with   
his works1 for his works were not2 and  
he ought not now to be confounded with  
them because they are4 ,it is possible  

to conceive of all the suns and systems 
that exist1 as being swept away into    
utter nothingness1 and yet to understand
 that ,god might continue in all the    
fulness of his being and perfections4   
8,in the beginning10--at some period in 
the immeasurable depths of the abyss of 
that eternity which is the              
dwelling-place of ,deity1 ,god exerted  
the act of creation1 and gave birth to  
what we call matter1 which1 in the      
revolutions of ages1 he framed and      
fashioned into separate worlds4 ,the    
,lord was1 8before his works of old40   
,he was 8from everlasting1 or ever the  
earth was40 8,when there were no        
depths10 he existed2--8before the       
mountains and hills1--while as yet he   
hath not made the earth1 nor the fields1
 nor 7even7 the dust 7or matter7 of the 
world40 ,this is the sublime and awful  
truth which the ,scriptures teach as to 
the primary relation of ,god to the     
universe1 and on the ground of which    
they ascribe to him successive acts of  

formative power1--often in language     
highly figurative1 but always meant to  
convey the idea of the exercise of the  
wisdom1 goodness1 foresight1 and similar
 attributes of a personal agent in the  
,maker of the world4  8,before the      
mountains were brought forth1 or ever   
thou hadst formed the earth and the     
world1 even from everlasting to         
everlasting1 thou art ,god40 8,he       
prepared the heavens1 he set a compass  
upon the face of the depth4 ,he         
established the clouds above1 he        
strengthened the foundations of the     
deep4 ,he gave to the sea his decree1   
that the waters should not pass his     
commandment40 8,he stretcheth out the   
north over the empty place1 and hangeth 
the earth upon nothing40 ,he is 8the    
great ,god that formed all things40 8,o 
,lord1 how manifold are thy works6 in   
wisdom hast thou made them all40 8,the  
,lord by wisdom hath founded the earth1 
by understanding hath he established the
 heavens4 ,by his knowledge the depths  

are broken up1 and the clouds drop down 
dew40 8,of old thou hast laid the       
foundation of the earth2 and the heavens
 are the work of thy hands0 8,the sea is
 his1--he made it2 and his hands formed 
the dry land40 8,mine hand hath laid the
 foundation of the earth1 and my right  
hand hath spanned the heavens40 8,lift  
up your eyes on high1 and behold who    
hath created these things1 that bringeth
 out their host by number3 he calleth   
them all by names by the greatness of   
his might1 for that he is strong in     
power2 not one faileth40 8,who hath     
measured the waters in the hollow of his
 hand1 and meted out heaven with the    
span1 and comprehended the dust of the  
earth in a measure1 and weighed the     
mountains in scales1 and the hills in a 
balance80 8,i have made the earth--the  
man and the beast that are upon the     
ground1 by my great power and by my     
out-stretched arm40 8,where wast thou   
when ,i laid the foundations of the     
earth8 ,declare1 if thou hast           

understanding4 ,whereupon are the       
foundations thereof fastened8 or who    
laid the corner-stone thereof8 ,hast    
thou commanded the morning since thy    
days2 and caused the day-spring to know 
his place8 ,hast thou entered into the  
springs of the sea8 ,hast thou perceived
 the breadth of the earth8 ,where is the
 way where light dwelleth8 ,and as for  
darkness1 where is the place thereof8   
,canst thou bind the sweet influence of 
,pleiades1 or loose the bands of ,orion8
 ,canst thou bring forth ,mazzaroth in  
his season1 or guide ,arcturus with his 
sons8 ,who hath put wisdom into the     
inward parts8 or who hath given         
understanding to the heart80 8,there is 
a spirit in man3 and the inspiration of 
the ,almighty giveth them               
understanding40 ,god made 8man in his   
own image40 ,he is 8the ,father of      
spirits40 8,the heavens declare his     
glory1 and the firmament showeth his    
handiwork40 8,that which may be known of
 ,god is manifest0 to men1 8for ,god    

hath showed it unto them4 ,for the      
invisible things of him from the        
creation of the world are clearly seen1 
being understood by the things that are 
made1 even his eternal power and        
,godhead20 so that men are 8without     
excuse10 if1 knowing ,god1 or not liking
 8to retain ,god in their knowledge10   
they 8worship him not as ,god10 but1    
8professing themselves to be wise1      
become fools10 changing 8the truth of   
,god into a lie40  ,such are some of the
 statements of ,scripture respecting the
 creation of the world and man4 ,to     
admit these1 it is not necessary to deny
 the revelations of science as to the   
physical antiquity of the globe1 and the
 successive phenomena that distinguished
 the history of the pre-adamite earth4  
,there might have been then a wonderful 
series of gradual developments1 and     
various material and animal             
formations2--the point to be kept in    
view is1 that all these were            
intelligently presided over by the      

,author of nature2 and that they all    
followed in obedience to laws1 which he 
not only ordained1 but administered4    
,the 8,crystal ,palace0 is the          
embodiment of an idea conceived and     
perfected in a personal intelligence4   
,it has been constructed and reared by  
rule and compass1 measure and weight1   
and according to the suggestions of     
wisdom and skill4 ,all the variety of   
its extraordinary contents bear the     
impress of thought and purpose1 design  
and contrivance1 faculty and power2 but 
no one confounds the work with the      
workmen1 or imagines that the skill     
impressed on the productions is         
something inherent in the productions   
themselves1 or that they have sprung1 by
 necessity1 from the impulse or         
operation of unintelligent force6 ,any  
one who saw the apparently confused and 
chaotic jumble of coarse packages and   
unarranged materials1 as they lay about 
the building1 previous to being put into
 harmonious order1 could never have     

imagined that they had in themselves any
 tendency to take the places and assume 
the appearances to which they were      
destined1 independently of the mind1 the
 thought1 plan1 reason1 and ability of  
the person or persons by whom all was to
 be effected4 ,even if it had been      
possible to conceive such a thing1--to  
conceive1 namely1 that they should1     
without the immediate agency of hands1  
have gradually arranged themselves into 
beautiful groups1 and that thus         
confusion was to be succeeded by        
order1--this would only have been       
regarded as the result of processes to  
which they had been subjected by human  
sagacity1 and as the proof of profounder
 and more wonderful contrivance on the  
part of the presiding genius of the     
scene4 ,instead of tempting a thoughtful
 observer to confound and identify the  
thing done with the actual doer1--or to 
lose sight of him1 and to attribute all 
to necessity or chance1 or to some      
mysterious appetencies in the things    

themselves1--it would only have carried 
the idea of personality further back1   
and have augmented his admiration of the
 attributes that distinguished it4 ,in  
the same way1 adhering to the truth that
 the heavens and the earth are an actual
 creation1 then1 whatever may have been 
the processes through which they        
gradually passed till the whole fabric  
was developed and perfected1 all was the
 work of a personal agent distinct from 
the actual universe itself1 and all that
 was done was accomplished through the  
action of those laws which he           
framed1--to which he subjected          
them1--which he administered1--which the
 things did not originate1--which they  
could not understand1 and from which    
they could not escape4 ,he--the living1 
spiritual1 personal ,god--was the ,mover
 and ,maker1 the ,designer and ,doer    
from first to last4 ,in the same way1   
just as nothing can be more completely a
 man's own than that which is the       
product of his own skill1 when acting   

independently1 and operating on his     
justly obtained material1 so nothing can
 be such a proof of the proprietorship  
of ,god in the universe and its         
inhabitants1 as that by him they were   
all alike 8created and made40 8,the     
earth is the ,lord's1 and the fulness   
thereof2 the world1 and they that dwell 
therein4 ,for he hath founded it upon   
the seas1 and hath established it upon  
the floods40     ,,iii4  ,providence4   
,the idea suggested by the words of the 
inscription1 of the 8,,fulness0 of the  
earth belonging to ,god1 deserves a     
distinct and specific consideration4    
,by the 8fulness0 of the earth1 we      
understand all that it contains of raw  
material capable of being subjected to  
human skill1 and all that it produces1  
of whatever sort1 animal or vegetable1  
for the service of men1--for the        
sustenance of sentient nature1--for     
happiness1 or glory and beauty4 ,by all 
this being ,god's1 by this 8fulness of  
the earth0 belonging to him1 we         

understand that it is to be attributed  
to him as its ,author2 that he          
originally deposited1 in the depths of  
the mountains and the womb of the world1
 their mineral wealth2 that he covered  
the earth with verdure and fruitfulness1
 and filled the air1 the sea1 and the   
field with their numerous inhabitants2  
that he established the laws by which   
there should be a constant succession in
 all the varieties of animal and        
vegetable nature2 and that he so        
superintends the whole arrangement1 and 
personally administers these laws1 that 
all that they produce may be properly   
regarded as the immediate product of his
 power and skill4 8,fulness10 so        
produced1 is his1 8from whom and by     
whom0 it comes1 with scarcely less      
emphasis than if it was to be spoken    
into being in the 8twinkling of an      
eye10--at the utterance of a single     
word1 or by a sudden act of omnipotent  
volition4  ,the inhabitants1 then1 of   
this great city are reminded every day1 

as they look up at the front of their   
,royal ,exchange1 not only of the       
existence and personality of ,god1 and  
of his being the proprietor of all      
things1 but of his being this1 by his   
continued providence and government of  
the world1 as well as by his having     
created it at first4 ,it was ,god that  
for ages wrought in secret1 constructing
 the rocks and consolidating the        
mountains1 depositing the useful and    
precious metals1 spreading the          
coal-field1 and preparing materials of  
every sort for future society4 ,it was  
he who commanded 8the dry land to       
appear10 and the waters to be gathered  
into seas3 who covered the earth 8with  
the grass of the field1 and with the    
herb yielding seed1 and the fruit tree  
yielding fruit20 who fixed the sun in   
the heavens1 and gave him to the world  
for cheerful light and genial warmth2   
who 8spread abroad the clouds10 and     
8caused rain10 and established the laws 
of vegetable production3 it was ,god who

 caused the waters to be filled 8with   
the moving creature that hath life20    
that caused 8the fowl to fly above the  
earth in the open firmament of heaven20 
and that made 8the beast of the earth   
after his kind1 and cattle1 and         
everything that creepeth upon the       
earth20--it was ,god that gave to them  
the law 8to increase and multiply1 and  
to fill the earth20 and then gave the   
earth to the children of men1 and       
commanded them1 too1 not only 8to       
increase and multiply and to replenish  
the earth10 but 8to have dominion over  
the fish of the sea1 and over the fowl  
of the air1 and over the cattle1 and    
over all the earth1 and over every      
creeping thing that creepeth upon the   
earth40 ,it was ,god who 8made of one   
blood all nations of men for to dwell on
 all the face of the earth10 and who1 as
 8the ,most ,high1 who ruleth over the  
children of men1 and doeth as he will   
with the inhabitants of the earth10     
8separated the sons of ,adam1 and       

divided to the nations their            
inheritance10 and 8determined their     
appointed times1 and the bounds of their
 habitation40 ,it was ,god who          
appropriated to different climes their  
diversified productions2--who hid       
beneath the surface of various peoples  
mineral varieties2--who conferred on the
 nations different talents and different
 tastes2--who made exchange of          
productions a mutual want1 necessity1 or
 convenience2--and who thus established 
the law of commercial intercourse4 ,it  
was ,god that gave to man improvable    
reason1 so that he was not bound down to
 unintelligent instinct in constructing 
his habitation or providing for his     
necessities1 but was empowered and      
intrusted with the inventive head and   
the skilful hand2 could become the      
accomplished and cunning artificer1 so  
that out of the raw material of the     
world he could call forth new           
appearances and forms of things1 and    
thus cover the earth with another       

creation6 ,it was ,god who appointed    
wood to swim1 and water to flow1 and    
fixed the poles1 and fashioned the      
loadstone1 and gave the compass1 and    
bound the breast of the first mariners  
as with triple brass1 that all the      
wonders of navigation might ensue1 and  
enterprise and discovery1 and the       
peaceful and profitable intercourse of  
nations4 ,and it is ,god that still     
presides over and governs all things2   
that gives spring and summer1 and winter
 and harvest2 it is he who distils the  
influences of the heavens1 and          
perpetuates the fertility of the earth2 
it is he who gives annual abundance1 and
 causes all nations1 the world over1 to 
rejoice in what comes to them as if it  
were a new and instant creation1--a gift
 and gratuity dropped from the sky6 ,it 
is ,god 8that gives to man power to get 
wealth10 and that confers on the nations
 their respective tastes and distinctive
 genius1--their capacity for labour1 or 
their love of the beautiful1 or their   

skilful handicraft1 or their omnipotent 
enterprise1 or their gigantic           
achievements6 ,it is ,god that thus     
makes them useful to each other2--that  
binds them together from the very       
circumstance of their separate gifts and
 their mutual necessities2--and that    
imparts to them an interest in each     
other's industry1 from the different    
forms and uses that it takes2--and it is
 he1 we trust1 who is bringing them     
together to the ,,great ,,exhibition1 so
 that1 while they wonder at the result1 
the vastness and the variety of their   
own doings1 they may acknowledge ,him1  
to whom they are indebted for material  
and skill1 time and capacity1 life and  
all things2--whose they themselves      
are2--from whom cometh every good and   
every perfect gift2 and1 as whose       
property1 all that they possess should  
be held and used4 8,the earth is the    
,lord's1 and the fulness thereof2 the   
world1 and they that dwell therein40    
,the propriety of thus attributing      

everything to ,god1 and of recognising  
his providence in the laws of the world1
 the productions of the seasons1 the    
results of industry1 the instruments of 
commerce1 and even in the adornments of 
civilization1 and the allowable luxuries
 of elegance and refinement1 and also in
 the gifts of invention1 subtlety1 and  
mechanical skill1--all this is so       
frequently taught or referred to in     
,scripture1 that a few appropriate      
illustrative passages may with great    
propriety be inserted here4  ,the       
attentive reader will notice that the   
several quotations that follow          
illustrate the most of the ideas that   
have been advanced1 and that they do    
this very much in the order in which    
they have been given4 ,the first        
passage1 from the ,book of ,job1 we give
 in the language of ,mr4 ,goode's       
translation1 as it expresses the sense  
of the original1 with some approach to  
scientific exactness4  8,surely there is
 a vein for the silver1 and a bed for   

the gold which men refine4 ,iron is dug 
up from the earth1 and the rock poureth 
forth copper4 ,man delveth into the     
region of darkness1 and examineth to the
 utmost limit the stones of darkness and
 death-shade3 he breaketh up the veins  
from the matrice1 which1 though nothing 
thought of under the foot1 are drawn    
forth1 are brandished among mankind4    
,the earth of itself poureth forth      
bread1 but below it windeth a fiery     
region4 ,sapphires are its stones1 and  
gold is its ground40  ,the following    
sentences1 while forming part of an     
argument respecting moral and spiritual 
wisdom1--the fear of ,god and departure 
from evil1--are remarkable as an        
enumeration of valuable substances1 and 
are here quoted simply as such4  8,but  
where shall wisdom be found1 and where  
is the place of understanding8 ,it      
cannot be 8gotten for gold10 nor        
8silver20 it cannot be valued with 8the 
gold of ,ophir10 8the precious onyx10 or
 8the sapphire20 8gold0 and 8crystal0   

cannot equal it2 nor 8coral10 nor       
8pearls20 nor 8the topaz of ,ethiopia20 
for 8the price of wisdom is above       
rubies40  ,when we rise from the cavern 
and the mine1 from noticing the precious
 metals and precious stones1 and look   
abroad on the surface of the earth1 or  
upwards to the sky1 or over the great   
and wide sea1 the ,scripture meets us   
with innumerable utterances of what1 if 
we are wise1 we shall see there of the  
ever present1 active1 and beneficent    
,god4 8,he causeth the grass to grow for
 the cattle1 and herb for the service of
 man3 that he may bring forth food out  
of the earth2 and wine that maketh glad 
the heart of man1 and oil to make his   
face to shine1 and bread that           
strengtheneth man's heart40 8,he sendeth
 the springs into the valleys1 which run
 among the hills4 ,they give drink to   
every beast of the field3 the wild asses
 quench their thirst4 ,by them shall the
 fowls of the heaven have their         
habitation1 that sing among the         

branches4 ,he watereth the hills from   
his chambers3 the earth is filled with  
the fruit of his works40 8,the trees of 
the ,lord are full of sap2 the cedars of
 ,lebanon which he hath planted40 8,thou
 makest darkness and it is night1       
wherein all the beasts of the forest do 
creep forth4 ,the young lions roar after
 their prey1 and seek their meat from   
,god40 8,the earth is full of thy       
riches3 so is this great and wide sea1  
wherein are things creeping innumerable1
 both small and great beasts4 ,these    
wait all upon thee1 that thou mayest    
give them their meat in due season4     
,that thou givest them they gather3 thou
 openest thine hand1 they are filled    
with good4 ,thou hidest thy face1 they  
are troubled3 thou takest away their    
breath1 they die1 and return to their   
dust4 ,thou sendest forth thy spirit1   
they are created3 and thou renewest the 
face of the earth4 ,the glory of the    
,lord shall endure for ever2 the ,lord  
shall rejoice in his works40 ,he is 8the

 confidence of all the ends of the      
earth1 and of them that are afar off    
upon the sea40 ,he 8by his strength     
setteth fast the mountains1 being girded
 with power30 ,he 8stilleth the noise of
 the waves1 and the tumult of the       
people40 8,thou makest the outgoings of 
the morning and of the evening to       
rejoice4 ,thou visitest the earth and   
waterest it3 thou greatly enrichest it  
with the river of ,god1 which is full of
 water3 thou preparest them corn1 when  
thou hast so provided for it4 ,thou     
waterest the ridges thereof abundantly3 
thou settlest the furrows thereof3 thou 
makest it soft with showers3 thou       
blessest the springing thereof4 ,thou   
crownest the year with thy goodness2 and
 thy paths drop fatness4 ,they drop upon
 the pastures of the wilderness3 and the
 little hills rejoice on every side4    
,the pastures are clothed with flocks2  
the valleys also are covered over with  
corn2 they shout for joy1 they also     
sing40  ,in the following passages1 the 

various powers and capacities of        
humanity1 as displayed in agriculture   
and art1 are represented as ,divine     
gifts4 ,the farmer and mechanic1 the    
designer and manufacturer1 the engraver 
and draftsman1 the worker in metals1 in 
wood1 stone1 and in every sort of raw   
material1 all accomplish their several  
operations in virtue of ability which   
,god confers4 8,give ye ear1 and hear my
 voice2 hearken1 and hear my speech4    
,doth the ploughman plough all day to   
sow8 ,doth he open and break the clods  
of his ground8 ,when he hath made plain 
the face thereof1 doth he not cast      
abroad the fitches1 and scatter the     
cummin1 and cast in the principal wheat 
and the appointed barley and the rye in 
their place8 ,for ,,god doth instruct   
him to discretion1 and doth teach him4  
,this also cometh forth from the ,lord  
of hosts1 which is wonderful in council1
 and excellent in working40 8,and the   
,lord spake unto ,moses1 saying1 ,see1  
,i have called by name ,bezaleel1 the   

son of ,uri2--and ,i have filled him    
with the ,spirit of ,god1 in wisdom1 and
 in understanding1 and in knowledge1 and
 in all manner of workmanship1 to devise
 cunning works1 to work in gold1 and in 
silver1 and in brass1 and in cutting of 
stones1 and to set them1 and in carving 
of timber1 to work in all manner of     
workmanship4 ,and ,i1 behold1 ,i have   
given with him ,aholiab1 the son of     
,ahisamach2--and1 in the hearts of all  
that are wise-hearted ,i have put       
wisdom1 that they may make all that ,i  
have commanded thee40 ,and ,hiram1 king 
of ,tyre1 sent also to ,solomon 8a      
cunning man1 endued with prudence and   
understanding1--skilful to work in gold1
 and silver1 in brass1 in iron1 in      
stone1 in timber1 in purple1 in blue1   
and in fine linen1 and in crimson2 also 
to grave any manner of engraving1 and to
 find out every device that might be put
 to him40  ,the next quotations         
illustrate commercial intercourse1 the  
dependence of nation on nation1 trade by

 sea1 and the importation of natural    
curiosities1 as well as of valuable     
products and useful material1 with other
 kindred matters4 8,the ,lord gave      
,solomon wisdom1--and there was peace   
between ,hiram and ,solomon2 and they   
two made a league together30 and        
,solomon wrote to ,hiram1 8,thou knowest
 that there is not among us any that can
 skill to hew timber like the           
,sidonians4 ,now1 therefore1 let thy    
servants hew me cedar-trees out of      
,lebanon1 and unto thee will ,i give    
hire for thy servants1 according to all 
that thou shalt appoint40 ,and ,hiram   
sent to ,solomon1 saying1 8,i have      
considered the things which thou sentest
 to me for3 and ,i will do all thy      
desire1 concerning timber of cedar1 and 
concerning timber of fir4 ,my servants  
shall bring them down from ,lebanon to  
the sea2 and ,i will convey them by sea 
in floats1 to the place that thou shalt 
appoint me1 and will cause them to be   
discharged there1 and thou shalt receive

 them3 and thou shalt accomplish my     
desire in giving food for my household4 
,so ,hiram gave ,solomon cedar-trees and
 fir-trees2 and ,solomon gave ,hiram    
twenty thousand measures of wheat for   
food to his household1 and twenty       
measures of pure oil40  ,and ,solomon   
8went to ,ezion-geber1 and to ,eloth1 at
 the sea-side1 in the land of ,edom4    
,and ,hiram sent him by the hands of his
 servants ships1 and servants that had  
knowledge of the sea2 and they went with
 the servants of ,solomon to ,ophir1 and
 took thence four hundred and fifty     
talents of gold and brought it to king  
,solomon30 8and once every three years  
came the ships of ,tarshish bringing    
gold1 and silver1 and ivory1 and apes1  
and peacocks40 ,the #bgth chapter of    
,ezekiel is one of the most             
extraordinary descriptions that is      
anywhere to be met with1 of the exchange
 of commodities and the intercourse of  
nations by means of commerce4 ,the      
different productions of various peoples

 and climes are enumerated2 the         
8fulness0 of all lands is represented as
 flowing into the markets of            
,tyre1--brought there by the ships and  
sailors of every maritime nation2--while
 ,tyre itself is spoken of as the nurse 
of mariners and the mistress of the     
sea1--her beauty and abundance radiant  
and wonderful1--and her merchant princes
 as the lords of the world4 ,all this   
may breed luxury1 foster pride1 promote 
corruption1 and lead ultimately to      
national degradation and decay3 but this
 is not the necessary effect of         
abundance1 nor does it forbid us to     
refer riches1 prosperity1 commerce1     
manufactures1 and everything else that  
adorns life1 to the beneficence of ,god4
 8,the earth is the ,lord's1 and the    
fulness thereof40 ,,he pours down1 year 
by year1 the riches of the skies1--calls
 up the treasures of the earth1 spreads 
abroad the abundance of the seas1--adds 
to the value of many of his gifts what  
they derive from the labour1 skill1 and 

ingenuity of man1--and excites the      
nations to exchange and trade1 that each
 country may share in the joy and the   
productions of all4 ,in this way it     
comes to pass1 that the whole race1 in  
relation to the entire world1 might be  
addressed in the language of ,moses to  
the chosen people when he described the 
land promised to their fathers4 8,the   
,lord thy ,god bringeth thee into a good
 land2 a land of brooks of water1 of    
fountains and depths that spring out of 
valleys and hills3 a land of wheat1 and 
barley1 and vines1 and fig-trees1 and   
pomegranates2 a land of olive-oil and   
honey2 a land wherein thou shalt eat    
bread without scarceness1 thou shalt not
 lack anything in it2 a land whose      
stones are iron1 and out of whose hills 
thou mayest dig brass40 8,blessed of the
 ,lord be his land1 for the precious    
things of heaven1 for the dew1 and for  
the deep that coucheth beneath1 and for 
the precious fruits brought forth by the
 sun1 and for the precious things put   

forth by the moon1 and for the chief    
things of the ancient mountains1 and for
 the precious things of the lasting     
hills1 and for the precious things of   
the earth ,,and ,,fulness ,,thereof1 and
 for the good will of ,him that dwelt in
 the bush40 8,he made ,jacob to ride on 
the high places of the earth1 that he   
might eat the increase of the fields2   
and he made him to suck honey out of the
 rock1 and oil out of the flinty rock2  
butter of kine and milk of sheep1 with  
fat of lambs1 and rams of the breed of  
,bashan1 and goats1 with the fat of     
kidneys of wheat2 and he drank the pure 
blood of the grape40  ,unusual as some  
of these expressions are1 especially    
those of a figurative character1 they   
may be taken to indicate the intention  
of ,providence to bless the obedient in 
8the life that now is10 as well as in   
relation to that 8which is to come40    
8,god giveth us all things richly to    
enjoy20 if faith and piety1 love and    
obedience1 pervaded the race1 everything

 that adorns and beautifies existence   
might be delighted in and used without  
injury4 ,by free and universal          
commercial intercourse1 the abundance   
and blessings of favoured regions may   
become the common property of all4      
,there may thus be established          
throughout all nations1 an equality of  
privilege1 each sharing in the          
productions of the rest4 ,with such     
views1 we may appropriately conclude the
 present chapter by the following       
passages1 weaving them into a song for  
the entire race3      8,the earth is the
 ,lord's1 and the fulness thereof2      
,the world1 and they that dwell         
therein40     8,the ,lord is good to    
all3     ,and his tender mercies are    
over all his works4     ,the eyes of all
 wait upon him2     ,and he giveth them 
their meat in due season4     ,he       
openeth his hand1     ,and satisfieth   
the desire of every living thing4       
,my mouth shall speak the praise of the 
,lord3     ,,and ,,let ,,all ,,flesh    

,,bless ,,his ,,holy ,,name1 ,,for      
,,ever ,,and ,,ever40     ,,part ,,ii4  
,,inferential4     ,,part ,,ii4         
,,inferential4   ,so far we have been   
employed in elucidating the principles  
which are involved in the terms of the  
inscription--which is enthroned in the  
front of the ,royal ,exchange1--,,the   
,,earth ,,is ,,the ,,lord',s1 ,,and     
,,the ,,fulness ,,thereof4 ,these words1
 taken alone1 distinctly recognise the  
existence of ,god1 ,creation1 and       
,providence4 ,they express1 or imply1   
through their own inherent and          
independent force1 the acknowledgment of
 these great primary truths4 ,in the    
course of our remarks1 we have glanced  
at one or two of the clauses of the     
psalm immediately succeeding the words  
of the inscription2 rather1 however1 as 
illustrative of the extent of its       
significance1 than as bringing to it any
 additional thought4 ,we now propose to 
take the acknowledgment1 8,the earth is 
the ,lord's1 and the fulness thereof10  

in connexion with the whole psalm of    
which it is the commencement1 and the   
psalm itself in connexion with the whole
 revelation of which it is a part2 and  
thus to bring out those additional forms
 of both truth and duty1 which the      
scriptural recognition of ,god's        
existence and government1 and his       
general relations to the world and man1 
may come to suggest to a devout and     
reflective ,christian observer4     ,i4 
,worship4   ,immediately after the      
assertion of ,god's proprietorship of   
the world and man1 the psalmist         
inquires1 8,who shall ascend into the   
hill of the ,lord8 or who shall stand in
 his holy place80 ,language this1 which 
refers to the locality and the uses of  
the temple1 as the appointed place of   
,divine service4 ,the existence of ,god 
and the obligation to worship him1 would
 seem to be associated by an            
indissoluble necessity4 ,the two ideas1 
indeed1 mutually involve and illustrate 
each other4 ,admit the ,divine          

existence2 it is felt to extend         
downwards into the domain of human duty1
 and to suggest and enforce the         
obligation of worship3 admit the reality
 of the religious instinct1 and mark its
 universal and irrepressible force1--it 
swells upwards and amounts to a proof of
 the existence of ,god4 ,the ,divine    
,being has not only set his glory above 
the heavens1 and spoken of himself by   
the myriads of voices that are          
perpetually issuing from the earth and  
the sky2 he has not only stamped his    
image and superscription on the personal
 and intellectual attributes of the     
race2 but he has provided an            
unimpeachable witness for himself1 in   
the religious constitution of human     
nature4 ,if there is one thing more than
 another which forms the peculiar       
distinction of man1 and which places him
 in secluded and solitary grandeur apart
 from all the tribes of sentient        
existence by which he is surrounded1 it 
is his possession and consciousness of a

 religious capacity4 ,it may show itself
 in grotesque or disgusting forms1--it  
may blunder in its search1 and babble in
 its utterances1--it may even become    
ferocious and malignant in its          
character2 but there it is1 in man1 and 
in him alone1 manifested everywhere1    
active always1 forming a palpable and   
impassable distinction between his      
nature and that of all other creatures4 
,the lower animals have senses and      
appetites similar to his2 they can see  
and hear--they hunger and thirst2 in    
many of them1 indeed1 some of the things
 that he and they possess in common1    
exist in greater acuteness and          
perfection in them than they do in him2 
while others make approaches to thought 
and reason1 memory and will1 affection  
and passion2 but none of them share with
 him the capacity to adore1--none of    
them can pray1--none but he can         
entertain the conception of an invisible
 power1--engage in individual1 or unite 
in acts of social1 devotion4 ,it is the 

prerogative of man to be able to say    
either1 8,our ,father10 or 8,i believe40
 ,even if it were admitted that         
specimens of humanity have been found1  
or could be produced1 utterly destitute 
of the religious capacity1 and with     
nothing about them1 when they gaze on   
the universe1 beyond the vacant stare of
 unintelligent natures2 and even if it  
were further asserted and acknowledged1 
that it was utterly impossible to awaken
 in them a sense or perception of       
anything ,divine1--yet it would be found
 that their children could be taught to 
comprehend and feel religious           
ideas1--that they had within them the   
spiritual capacity1--from which it would
 be evident that their fathers had      
originally possessed it too4 ,the       
religious instinct1 then1 or            
susceptibility1 or faculty1 or whatever 
it may be called1 is inherent in human  
nature--divides and distinguishes it    
from all else in the wide world1 though 
it may express itself in the grossnesses

 of superstition and idolatry1 or may   
have sunk into dormancy in extraordinary
 cases2 but neither old1 nor young1 of  
all the tribes of the inferior          
races1--the most sagacious or the most  
domesticated1--can be found to display1 
or be taught to comprehend1 religion at 
all6  ,it is a simple fact1 then1 beyond
 all question1 that humanity possesses  
this distinguishing attribute4 ,all     
things beneath and around him seem to be
 made for man2 but he is the subject of 
a strong1 active1 predominating impulse1
 that appears like a consciousness1 on  
his own part1 that he is made for       
something else4 ,this impulse finds     
utterance and embodiment in religious   
ideas and religious service4 ,now1 it   
would be a strange anomaly in a world   
like this1 in which every faculty of    
every creature finds its corresponding  
and appropriate object1--in which wing  
and hoof1 scent and speed1 eye and ear1 
hand and horn1 powers and passions1     
appetites and attributes of all sorts1  

are fitted exactly to something that    
seems to be made for them1 or for which 
they are made1--it would be a strange   
thing1 that the only exception to this  
law1 should be in the ,lord and ,master 
of the world himself6--and that it      
should occur1 too1 just in that one     
faculty that at once distinguishes and  
dignifies him more than any other6 ,the 
existence and actings of the religious  
instinct in man thus constitute a proof 
of the existence of ,god1 just as the   
admitted existence of ,god involves the 
obligation to religion in man4 ,the     
tendency in humanity 8to feel after ,god
 if haply it may find him10--and to have
 something it may call ,god1--whether it
 succeed in finding him or not1--is     
demonstrative of a ,divine objective    
reality answerable to itself1 in the    
same way as the half-formed wings of a  
bird in the shell are proof of the      
existence of an external atmosphere1 and
 of the ultimate destiny of the bird    
itself4  ,it is worth observing1 too1   

that this duty of worship1 which results
 from the truth professed in the        
acknowledgment that 8the earth is the   
,lord's1 and the fulness thereof10 like 
the other things already mentioned1     
involves or illustrates the ,divine     
personality4 ,worship1 at the very      
least1 is adoration and gratitude1--the 
utterance1 generally in words1 of       
thought and affection towards the       
,supreme ,nature1 as the subject of high
 attributes and the source of universal 
good2--exercises these1 that can have no
 meaning1 if that nature has no         
consciousness of its own perfections1   
and no knowledge of the language        
addressed to it4 ,for man 8to ascend    
into the hill of the ,lord1 and to stand
 and worship in his holy place10 ,he1 to
 whom he approaches1 must be a personal 
intelligence4 ,worship is the communion 
of mind with mind1--not only the        
sympathy of worshipper with worshipper1 
but the communion of each and of all    
with the worshipped4 ,there can be no   

communion or sympathy with a force2--no 
intelligent adoration of a law2 no      
affections can be warmed and excited1   
and drawn forth in psalm and song1      
towards a mere senseless physical       
power1--an unintelligent1 mechanical    
necessity6 ,without a personal ,god1    
everything like worship is a mockery and
 a lie2 the whole service is nothing but
 a masquerade4 ,if worship could be     
conceived to be honestly attempted in   
connexion with the denial of ,god's     
personal existence1 it would be an      
attempt on the part of the worshippers  
to produce subjective states of mind by 
the conscious temporary assumption of a 
falsehood1 and the employment upon      
themselves of a system of direct        
deception and imposture4 ,the thing is  
impossible1--or impossible to be        
continued4 ,there must either be the    
admission of a personal ,god as the     
object of worship1 or worship itself    
will soon cease4 ,our belief and        
persuasion as a people are recorded in  

the front of our ,royal ,exchange4 ,we  
may adapt to the fact the beautiful     
words of the ,book of ,proverbs3        
8,wisdom crieth without2 she uttereth   
her voice in the streets4 ,she crieth in
 the chief place of concourse2 in the   
,,city she uttereth her words1 saying1  
#8,,the ,,earth ,,is ,,the ,,lord',s1   
,,and ,,the ,,fulness ,,thereof4'0 ,and 
this publicly recorded persuasion1--this
 proclamation of our faith in the ears  
of all men1 and our meaning it for the  
proclamation of the common and universal
 faith of humanity1--this involves in it
 the corresponding duty1--the duty of   
worshipping ,him who is acknowledged as 
,god1--the ,god of the whole earth1--and
 the duty of 8all that dwell therein40  
8,o thou that hearest prayer1 unto thee 
shall all flesh come40 8,the ,lord      
reigneth1 let the earth rejoice2 let the
 multitude of isles be glad thereof40   
8,sing unto the ,lord a new song1 sing  
unto the ,lord1 all the earth40 8,make a
 joyful noise unto the ,lord1 all ye    

lands4 ,serve the ,lord with gladness3  
come before his presence with singing4  
,enter into his gates with thanksgiving1
 and into his courts with praise3 be    
thankful unto him1 and bless his name40 
8,oh that men would praise the ,lord for
 his goodness1 and for his wonderful    
works to the children of men40 8,praise 
the ,lord1 all ye nations2 praise him1  
all ye people4 ,for his merciful        
kindness is great toward us3 and the    
truth of the ,lord endureth for ever4   
,,praise ,,ye ,,the ,,lord40     ,,ii4  
,character4   ,what stands next to the  
idea of worship1 is a description of the
 moral character of the worshippers4    
8,who shall ascend into the hill of the 
,lord8 or who shall stand in his holy   
place80 8,he that hath clean hands and a
 pure heart3 who hath not lifted up his 
soul unto vanity1 nor sworn             
deceitfully40 ,this description is very 
brief1 but it is very comprehensive4    
,each clause may be considered as       
representing a distinct and large       

department of duty2 and the whole1 taken
 together1 as demanding or enforcing    
universal virtue4 8,clean hands0 stand  
as a figure for all outward and visible 
excellence4 ,every thing that the man   
does1 is done in consistency with the   
rule of rectitude4 ,he is a just1       
equitable1 fair-dealing man4 ,confidence
 may be placed in his honour and        
uprightness1 his incorruptible          
integrity1 his contempt of meanness1 and
 intolerance of wrong4 ,everything that 
belongs to a sound1 solid1 practical    
worth1--a pure1 and even a fastidious1  
virtue1--a virtue beyond doubt or       
suspicion1--may be supposed to attach to
 the man who is said1 by emphasis1 to   
have 8clean hands40 8,not to swear      
deceitfully10--whatever may be its      
precise shade of meaning in the         
psalm1--may fairly be interpreted1 in a 
discussion like this1 as standing for   
honest and sincere speech1 and as the   
type of the virtuous use of the tongue4 
,it excludes from the idea of the       

character1 deceit and falsehood1        
concealment and equivocation1 with      
everything approaching to the designed  
conveyance of a wrong impression by word
 or look4 ,in buying and selling1 in    
barter or bargain1 in converse or       
correspondence1--in respect to whatever 
business he transacts1 and in relation  
to every medium for thought--there is   
supposed to be1 in the man before us1   
scrupulous propriety of language1--the  
utmost transparency of meaning and      
purpose4 ,he is simple1 straightforward1
 without the shadow of deceit or guile4 
,then1 8a pure heart10 in addition to   
habitual 8cleanness of hands10 and the  
maintenance of entire integrity of      
tongue1 is intended to express1 the     
co-existence of an upright inward life1 
with the outward appearances of         
practical goodness4 ,it would not only  
imply1 however1 the harmony of a man's  
thoughts with his words1--and the       
correctness of the motives of his       
visible acts1--it would include in it1  

in its scriptural import1 the government
 of the passions1--the control of the   
imagination1--sincerity and depth of    
religious feeling2--every thing not only
 chaste but devout1 the whole soul      
liberated from gross and corrupting     
affections1--free from the drag and     
degradation of the flesh1--and fairly   
detached from the adhesions of earth1 in
 all senses in which they would imply   
bondage to the sensual or the secular4  
8,not to lift up the soul unto vanity10 
is intended to express the freedom of   
the man from idol-worship4 ,the         
8vanities0 of the heathen were the idols
 or deities whom the heathen adored2 to 
whom they 8lifted up their souls10--or1 
in other words1 to whom they rendered   
religious reverence1 and before whom    
they appeared in worship4 8,cleanness of
 hands10 then1 8sincerity of speech10   
8purity of heart10 with all that they   
include1 in their seminal               
comprehensiveness1 of outward and inward
 practical virtue1 are thus connected   

with regard to the true ,god4 ,the man  
has not only both morality and religion1
 but his religion is of the right kind4 
,it is as proper as to its object1 as it
 is sincere in itself4 ,the man neither 
worships idols as ,gods1--nor idols with
 ,god1--nor ,god through idols4 8,he has
 not lifted up his soul unto vanity40   
,he has not been seduced by the sun in  
his splendour1 nor by the moon in her   
brightness2 he has not 8kissed his      
hand10 nor 8offered sacrifices10 to 8the
 queen of heaven30 he has not 8bowed his
 knee to the image of ,baal10 nor       
8fallen down to the stock of a tree40   
,the language descriptive of his feeling
 and practice would be that of ,david in
 relation to himself1--8,unto ,,thee1 ,o
 ,lord1 do ,i lift up my soul40  ,it is 
easy to see1 how this demand of         
character in his worshippers adds to the
 proof of the personality of ,god4      
,worship of any kind1 to have any       
meaning1 implies personality2--but the  
demand for worshippers of a certain     

sort1 implies1 along with this1 the     
possession1 by ,him whom they are to    
approach and please1 of personal        
properties the same in kind with those  
of the worshippers4 ,where there is     
virtue1 there must be thought2--where   
there are moral attributes1 there must  
be personal intelligence2 and where     
there is the necessity for these1 as a  
pre-requisite for worship1--the ,being  
worshipped must be supposed to be       
distinguished by moral attributes as    
well as by intelligence1 as thus1 only1 
could he properly appreciate1 or        
consistently demand1 them4 ,a ,god may  
be imagined to be better than his       
worshippers1--he cannot rationally be   
supposed to be worse4 ,to have a        
perception of goodness1 and a sympathy  
with the good1 and to permit none but   
the latter to stand before him1 or to   
come into his presence1 ,god must not   
only be a person1 but one whose own     
character1 must itself be pre-eminently 
distinguished by goodness4 ,it may be   

worth observing1 that moral ideas       
associated with worship1 operate in more
 ways than one4 ,they take a direction  
both upwards and downwards1 each action 
illustrating the other4 ,the character  
regarded with complacency in the        
worshippers1 indicates that of the ,god 
they worship2--the character associated 
with the ,god they worship1 moulds and  
fashions that of the worshippers4 ,the  
deities of a people will naturally      
influence their moral notions and their 
moral behaviour4 ,the object of worship 
becomes the standard of virtue2--men    
will imitate what they are taught to    
adore4 ,if there be no ,god1 there need 
be no worship2--if worship is rendered  
to unintelligent force1 it can be of no 
consequence1 so far as it is concerned1 
what the moral character of the         
worshippers is2--if the ,god be         
conceived of as sensual or malignant1   
lascivious or bloody1 his image may be  
expected to be mirrored in his          
worshippers2--but if in all that        

approach him1 he peremptorily demands   
8clean hands0 and 8a pure heart10--with 
all that these include of universal     
virtue1--he must of necessity be        
considered to be holy ,himself1 while   
the habitual worship of such a being    
must be regarded as conducive to        
holiness in his servants4 ,these latter 
ideas are precisely those which the     
,biblical idea of ,deity illustrates4   
,he is always described1 in the loftiest
 terms1 as invested with every attribute
 of excellence2 as infinitely removed   
from evil2 as looking on the good with  
delight2 as permitting such only to     
approach him2 as bidding the bad far    
from his presence2 as detecting and     
denouncing hypocrisy and formality2 and 
as exposing the uselessness of ritual   
acts and external observances taken by  
themselves1 and insisting on an inward  
and earnest sympathy with his own love  
of the holy and the pure4  ,in          
consistency with the course which more  
than once we have already followed1 we  

shall here introduce a series of        
passages from the ,holy ,scriptures     
illustrative of the statements which    
have just been made4  8,the holy one of 
,israel40 8,he is the ,rock1 his work is
 perfect2--a ,god of truth1 and without 
iniquity2 just and right is he40 8,the  
,lord is in his holy temple20--8worship 
him in the beauty of holiness40 8,for   
the righteous ,lord loveth              
righteousness2 his countenance doth     
behold the upright40 8,unto the wicked  
,god saith1 ,what hast thou to do to    
declare my statutes1 or that thou       
shouldest take my covenant in thy       
mouth8--,thou thoughtest that ,i was    
altogether such an one as thyself3 but  
,i will reprove thee and set them 7thy  
doings7 in order before thine eyes40    
8,thou art not a ,god that hast pleasure
 in wickedness2 neither shall evil dwell
 with thee40 8,confounded be all they   
that serve graven images1 that boast    
themselves of idols4 ,for thou ,lord art
 high above all the earth2 thou art     

exalted far above all gods4 ,ye that    
love the ,lord1 hate evil4 ,rejoice in  
the ,lord ye righteous1 and give thanks 
at the remembrance of his holiness40    
8,this people draweth nigh unto me with 
their mouth1--but their heart is far    
from me20 8,thus saith the ,lord ,god of
 ,israel1 seek ye me1 and ye shall      
live2--seek good and not evil1 that ye  
may live40 8,hate the evil and love the 
good1 and establish judgment in the gate
 that ye may live40 8,to what purpose is
 the multitude of your sacrifices unto  
me80 8,when ye come to appear before me1
 who hath required this at your hand1 to
 tread my courts8 ,bring no more vain   
oblations2 incense is an abomination    
unto me2 the new moons and sabbaths1 the
 calling of assemblies1 ,i cannot away  
with2 it is iniquity1 even the solemn   
meeting40 8,when ye spread forth your   
hands1 ,i will hide mine eyes from you3 
yea1 when ye make many prayers1 ,i will 
not hear3 your hands are full of blood4 
,wash you1 make you clean2 put away the 

evil of your doings from before mine    
eyes2 cease to do evil2 learn to do     
well40 8,judge me1 ,o ,lord1 for ,i have
 walked in mine integrity4 ,examine me1 
prove me1 try my reins and my heart4 ,i 
have not sat with vain persons1 neither 
will ,i go in with dissemblers4 ,i have 
hated the congregation of evil doers2   
and will not sit with the wicked4 ,i    
will wash mine hands in innocency1 and  
so will ,i compass thine altar1 ,o      
,lord40 8,lord1 who shall abide in thy  
tabernacle8 who shall dwell in thy holy 
hill8 ,he that walketh uprightly1 and   
worketh righteousness1 and speaketh the 
truth in his heart4 ,he that backbiteth 
not with his tongue1 nor doeth evil to  
his neighbour1 nor taketh up a reproach 
against his neighbour4 ,in whose eyes a 
vile person is contemned1 but he        
honoureth them that fear the ,lord4 ,he 
that sweareth to his own hurt and       
changeth not4 ,he that putteth not out  
his money to usury1 nor taketh reward   
against the innocent4 ,he that doeth    

these things shall never be moved40     
,,iii4  ,christ4   ,these               
representations lead to the             
consideration of a third and last thing1
 which is essential to the complete     
illustration of the subject4  8,,the    
,,earth ,,is ,,the ,,lord',s1 ,,and     
,,the ,,fulness ,,thereof40 ,there is a 
,god2 ,god is to be worshipped2 none but
 the good can acceptably worship him4   
,so far all is plain4 ,but men are not  
good4 ,throughout the race there is a   
consciousness to the contrary4 ,in spite
 of the operation of many amiable       
instincts1 and in spite of a large      
amount of passable virtue1 it is quite  
understood that there is a terrible mass
 of iniquity in the world2--that there  
are the grossnesses of brutal lust1 and 
the refinements of a fastidious         
licentiousness2--that there are         
falsehood1 and fraud1 and lying1 and    
theft1--all the modes of open or secret 
dishonesty by which men attempt1 or     
contrive1 to overreach each other2--that

 there is the stupid animalism of rural 
ignorance1 and the arts1 and appliances1
 and accomplishments of crime1 that     
abound in the recesses of great         
cities2--it is well known that          
corruption and depravity1 in all these  
forms1 have made terrible havoc in all  
lands2 and1 what is still more to the   
purpose1 that among the classes the     
freest from crime1 there is so much     
moral defect1 and so many things having 
the character of sin1--so much1         
especially1 of the want of religious    
faith1 and of indifference to ,god1 if  
not of conscious and positive enmity    
against him1--so much1 in fact1 of what 
constitutes the opposite of all that    
must be meant by the term 8holiness10   
and of what is demanded in those who can
 calmly 8ascend into the hill of the    
,lord10 and acceptably 8stand in his    
holy place20 that it would almost seem1 
on the admission of the statements and  
principles advanced1 as if the worship  
of ,god must be given up as hopeless1 in

 a world like this1 from the utter      
impossibility of finding a sufficient   
number to make up for him an assembly of
 fitting worshippers4  ,there is a      
difference between worship considered as
 the habitual service of the good1--the 
appearing before ,god of those of 8clean
 hands0 and 8pure hearts10 who are      
living in moral sympathy with him1--and 
the approach to his footstool1 in shame 
and tears1 of the guilty and the        
penitent4 ,it is the worship and        
character of the former class that are  
contemplated in the description of the  
psalm before us2 which description1 with
 the demand involved in it1 to be fully 
and theologically understood1 must be   
looked at in connexion with the entire  
service of the ,hebrew ,institute1 and  
the whole teaching of the sacred volume4
 ,if a holy ,god can only be approached 
by holy worshippers1--and that1 too1 in 
a world of which holiness is not the    
natural and characteristic              
attribute1--it is very obvious1 that he 

must either remain without ever being   
worshipped at all1 or some mode must    
exist by which the inhabitants of such a
 world may be made holy4 ,now this is   
just the thing which the ,jewish        
dispensation illustrated by a figure1   
and which the ,christian redemption is  
given to the world to realize in fact4  
,the ,jewish dispensation approached    
men1 in the first instance1 as sinful   
and polluted1 and it established a      
system adapted to their necessities4 ,it
 set up its altar1--prescribed its      
sacrifices1--appointed its              
institutions1--consecrated its          
priesthood2--had its days of atonement1 
and its ark of propitiation1--its       
paschal lamb1 and its burnt offering1   
and its scape-goat1 and its sprinkling  
of blood2--with everything else that    
could either significantly presuppose   
sin1 or point to the necessity and the  
mode of its removal4 ,the ,hebrew       
worshipper1 in appearing before ,god1   
was first required to come into contact 

with the sacrifice and the priest2--he  
confessed offence1 acknowledged his just
 exposure to punishment1 brought his    
propitiation1 and then1 being purified  
from his ceremonial transgressions and  
the consequent disqualifications he had 
contracted1 by this appointed method of 
approach to ,god1 he was regarded as in 
a state of fitness for his worship1 and 
could thus draw nigh as an accepted     
worshipper4  ,now1 there was a moral    
meaning in this ritual arrangement4 ,it 
was intended to teach that1 as          
ceremonial impurity needed to be removed
 in order to acceptable outward         
service1--so1 spiritual guilt needed to 
be removed in order to acceptable       
spiritual worship4 ,when the psalm      
before us1 therefore1 or any other1     
expatiates on the virtues and           
excellences of the man who is permitted 
8to ascend into the hill of the ,lord10 
or allowed 8to stand in his holy place10
 it is always implied1 that he has come 
to the attainment of the character      

described1 by a process of pardon and of
 purification through the previous      
exercise of the ,divine mercy4  ,but1 it
 is to be remarked1 that the ,levitical 
,institute1 while so fully set forth and
 impressively taught the two great      
truths of the sinfulness of man1 and the
 necessity for some ,divinely appointed 
mode both for his reconciliation with   
,god and the renewal or sanctification  
of his nature1 did not reveal1          
completely and explicitly1 what that    
mode was1 or what it was to be4 ,it     
dimly foreshadowed it2--it indicated the
 principle on which it would proceed1   
and the parts of which it would         
consist2--but it did this by type and   
symbol1--anticipating1 in a picture1 the
 substance and reality that were one day
 to be revealed4 ,it was very evident1  
from the ,hebrew ,institute1 considered 
as a ,divine and intelligible           
appointment1 that men were to learn from
 it that their approach to ,god was to  
be marked by solemn and affecting       

peculiarities4 ,they were distinctly    
taught that they needed to be redeemed1 
reconciled1 pardoned1 purified1 in order
 that they might be able to rejoice at  
the remembrance of ,god's holiness1 or  
to appear before him as acceptable      
worshippers2 and they were further      
taught1 that in order to this1--that is1
 to their attainment of pardon and its  
attendant advantages1--it was incumbent 
that atonement should be made by        
sacrifice1 and that the priest should   
pass into the ,divine presence with the 
blood of the victim1 to bring thence1   
and through it1 the blessings needed by 
sinful humanity4  ,st4 ,paul tells us1  
in the ,epistle to the ,hebrews1 that   
the ,levitical ,institute taught this1  
and that it was intended to teach it2   
that is1 that it taught what it was that
 humanity needed4 ,but he tells us more 
than that2 he tells us that it also     
taught that this thing that was so      
needed1 and so wished for1 was not yet  
revealed1 that it was not provided by   

the ,institute itself1 in its own altar1
 victim1 or priesthood1--and would not  
be manifested so long as itself stood2  
or1 at least1 that the coming of it1 as 
it would be the fulfilment of what the  
,institute foreshadowed or foretold1    
would be the signal and means of its    
dissolution and departure4 ,by the fact 
of sacrifice1 and the sprinkling of     
blood1 and the washings and             
purifications of their own ceremonial1  
the apostle says it was evidently       
taught1 that there existed a necessity  
for the removal of sin and the cleansing
 of the conscience2 but then1 by the    
repetition of the sacrifices1 the annual
 return of the day of atonement1 and the
 mysterious darkness of the holy of     
holies1--excluded from sight by the     
awful veil1 and permitted to be         
approached only once a year1 and that   
only by one individual1--by all this1 he
 says1 it was equally taught1 that      
,judaism did not accomplish for man1    
what it informed him needed to be done4 

,the first covenant had ordinances of   
divine service1--a sanctuary--a         
veil--the tabernacle which is the       
holiest of all4 ,now1 into this1 the    
high priest alone went1 8once every     
year1 not without blood1 which he       
offered for himself and for the errors  
of the people4 ,,the ,,holy ,,ghost     
,,this ,,signifying1 that the way into  
the holiest of all was not made         
manifest1 while the first tabernacle was
 yet standing3 which was a figure for   
the time then present1 in which were    
offered both gifts and sacrifices1 that 
could not make him that did the service 
perfect as pertaining to the conscience3
 which stood only in meats and drinks1  
and divers washings1 and carnal         
ordinances1 imposed on them until the   
time of reformation40  ,now1 this       
typical and temporary character         
sustained by the ,jewish                
,institute1--this parabolic and         
preparatory office which it had to      
fulfil1--this suggesting merely1 or     

setting forth in a figure1 of the wants 
of humanity and of the principle which  
must pervade1 underlie1 and distinguish 
the provision that must meet them1--this
 prophetic announcement that priest and 
sacrifice were yet future1 but were     
certain to come1--all this1 while it    
shows the importance of attending to the
 connexion between the ,old and the ,new
 ,testaments1 and of mutually           
interpreting each by the other1 gives1  
of necessity1 to the more spiritual     
portions of the ,hebrew records a       
far-stretching and comprehensive        
meaning1 which can only be understood by
 looking at it in the light of the      
,christian revelation4 8,coming events  
cast their shadows before40 ,the whole  
of the fabric and furniture of the      
tabernacle were constructed and arranged
 upon this principle4 ,this principle   
was recognised and embodied in the      
utterances of the prophets2--it often   
pervaded the entire texture1 or appeared
 in parts1 of one or other of the psalms

 and songs of the ancient church4 ,in   
looking at the intention and            
significancy of ,judaism1 we should     
imagine ourselves gazing on the floor of
 the temple and the front of the        
veil1--observing them covered with      
flickering shadows falling from objects 
which are unseen4 ,there they lie1--the 
distinct outlines of thing and          
person1--the shadows of substances which
 are existing somewhere1 but which only1
 as yet1 give notice that they are1 by  
this insubstantial intimation of        
themselves4 ,in the holy of holies1     
there is the mysterious light of the    
glory of ,god seated between the        
cherubims2--between that and the hanging
 veil and the sacred floor1 some one    
must be standing1 whom1 as yet1 we see  
not1--for his shadow can be discerned on
 the veil itself1 and even on the floor1
 as we mark minutely the appearances    
before us of light and shade4 ,some one 
is preparing to appear1 and to be       
revealed1 and manifested1 in whose hands

 will be found the substance of those   
other objects whose shadows seem to be  
lying around us6--,the approaching      
events are thus prophetically announced 
by these dim outlines2 and1 while they  
are being so1 voices are heard from the 
great congregation1 uttering an equally 
prophetic song1--celebrating the glories
 of what they see1 but doing it in      
language which only finds its intended  
significance when applied to and        
associated with what they see not4  ,on 
this principle it is1 then1 that we have
 prophetic psalms2--psalms that are     
termed ,messianic1 from their referring 
to the ,messiah1 and anticipating his   
appearance1 his sufferings and death1   
his resurrection and ascension1 his     
kingdom and glory4 ,some of these refer1
 in their primary application1 to other 
individuals and to mundane events2--they
 express the feelings and anticipations 
of the writers in relation to           
themselves1 and they describe matters of
 immediate concern or recent occurrence2

 but they do this in language that      
admits of a deeper meaning and a larger 
range2--the import of which they that   
employed it might not know1 and which we
 only learn from the ,new ,testament    
expositors of the ,hebrew text4 ,when   
,jesus 8opened the understandings of the
 apostles1 that they might understand   
the ,scriptures20 and when he           
condescended to show them the true      
meaning of their ancient books1 he      
expounded to them1 it is said1 8,what   
was written in the law1 in the prophets1
 and in ,,the ,,psalms concerning       
himself40 ,the evangelists and the      
apostles1 in their future writings for  
the instruction and use of the          
,christian church1 used this knowledge1 
or similar knowledge from the same      
source2 and thus it is1 that we find    
quotations from so many of the          
psalms1--some in the ,gospels1 some in  
the ,acts1 others in the ,epistles of   
,peter and ,paul4 ,from one psalm the   
apostle takes the expression of man     

being made 8a little lower than the     
angels10 to express the fact of         
,christ's coming in the flesh1 with the 
objects and results of it2--that 8he was
 made a little lower than the angels for
 the suffering of death1 that he might  
taste death for every man40 ,from       
another psalm1 he applies language still
 stronger1 to the same purpose4         
8,sacrifice and offering thou wouldest  
not1 but a body hast thou prepared me3  
lo6 ,i come to do thy will1 ,o ,god40   
,the apostle's comment upon this is very
 remarkable4 ,having quoted the passage1
 he proceeds to reason upon it after    
this manner3--,when he says1 8,sacrifice
 and offering1 which are offered by the 
law1 thou wouldest not1 neither hadst   
pleasure therein1 and then says1 #8,lo6 
,i come to do thy will2' he takes away  
the first that he may establish the     
second40 ,that is1 he removes and puts  
aside the mere symbols of the           
preparatory dispensation1 which were    
inefficient and typical1 and reveals the

 reality1 which they were meant to      
announce1 and which they prophetically  
foreshadowed4 ,that reality was the     
,divine 8will0 in its ultimate object1  
namely1 8,the offering of the body of   
,christ0 8once for all10 8through the   
eternal ,spirit10 8without spot20 by the
 which offering1 we are saved and       
sanctified2--for it can do that for the 
heart and conscience which the others   
only showed to be necessary by what they
 did 8for the purifying of the flesh40  
,from another psalm may be collected the
 physical circumstances of the          
crucifixion1--the 8cruel mockings10 the 
8piercing of the hands and the feet10   
the 8parting of the garments and casting
 lots20 together with the anticipated   
mysterious utterances of the great      
sufferer1 in his 8bloody sweat10 and his
 mighty anguish6 ,in another psalm1 we  
find the resurrection2--the soul of     
,messiah is 8not left in ,hades10 the   
place of the dead1 nor does 8his body0  
in the grave1 8see corruption20 and in  

other psalms1 we find the foreshadowing 
of subsequent events3--his ascension    
into heaven2 his official position1 and 
mediatorial glories and functions1      
there2 with much that relates to the    
corresponding effect of all this on     
earth3--8,thou art my ,son1 this day    
have ,i begotten thee03--8,the ,lord    
said unto my ,lord1 ,sit thou at my     
right hand until ,i make thine enemies  
thy footstool40 8,the ,lord hath sworn1 
and will not repent1 ,thou art a priest 
for ever1 after the order of            
,melchisedek40 8,the kings of the earth 
set themselves1 and the rulers take     
counsel together1 against the ,lord1 and
 against his anointed3--,yet have ,i set
 my king upon my holy hill of ,zion40   
8,,thou ,,hast ,,ascended ,,on ,,high1  
thou hast led captivity captive3 thou   
hast received gifts for men2 yea1 for   
the rebellious also1 that the ,lord ,god
 might dwell among them40 ,now1 this    
latter passage is to be particularly    
observed4 ,it is a passage taken from   

one of the psalms1--a psalm sung at the 
removal of the ark1 like the            
twenty-fourth1 and which1 like it1 is   
taken up in the celebration of battle   
and war1 victory and conquest4 ,it is to
 be noticed1 then1 that the passage just
 quoted1 is applied by the apostle      
,paul1 in the ,epistle to the           
,ephesians1 to the ascension of ,christ1
 and is connected by him with the work  
which he came from heaven to accomplish1
 and the blessings which he returned to 
heaven to dispense4 8,unto every one of 
us is given grace according to the      
measure of the gift of ,christ4         
,wherefore he saith1 ,when he ascended  
up on high1 he led captivity captive1   
and gave gifts unto men4 7,now that he  
ascended1 what is it but that he        
descended first into the lower parts of 
the earth8 ,he that descended1 is the   
same also as he that ascended up far    
above all heavens1 that he might fill   
all things74 ,and he gave some1         
apostles2 and some1 prophets2 and some1 

evangelists2 and some1 pastors and      
teachers2 for the perfecting of the     
saints1 for the work of the ministry1   
for the edifying of the body of ,christ3
 till we all come1 in the unity of the  
faith1 and of the knowledge of the ,son 
of ,god1 unto a perfect man1 unto the   
measure of the stature of the fulness of
 ,christ40  ,these last remarks will    
have revealed the drift of this long    
discussion1 and will enable us now      
rapidly to bring it to a close4 ,by     
8reasoning out of the ,scriptures10 we  
have shown how the ,levitical           
dispensation was1 in its rites and      
usages1 preparatory and prophetic of    
something to come2--by distinct passages
 from the ,book of ,psalms1 as quoted   
and explained in the ,new ,testament1 we
 have shown how the hymns of the ancient
 church anticipated1 by their recondite 
and profounder meaning1 the same things 
that were foreshadowed in the           
ritual2--and1 in the concluding remarks 
on this point1 we have shown1 how the   

apostle illustrates the ascension of    
,messiah1 after successful battle and   
war--returning from conquest and crowned
 with victory--by referring to the words
 of a ,hebrew ,psalm4 ,in the same way1 
then1 we think ourselves entitled to    
connect the #bdth ,psalm with the       
mission of the ,messiah1 and to consider
 that the close of it1 if not an        
intended prophecy of his ascension1 is  
yet capable of being regarded as        
illustrative of it2 and that it should  
suggest therefore the propriety of      
adding to whatever truths of a general  
nature the first verses of the psalm may
 embody1 the specific peculiarities of  
the ,christian revelation1--that        
revelation to which all previous        
discoveries were preparatory1 and       
without which they cannot be complete4  
,there is an emphatic sense1 in which   
,,christ is 8the ,king of glory20 in    
which he is to be regarded as having    
being engaged in mortal                 
combat1--contending with the enemy of   

,god and man1--overcoming him in a way  
as mysterious as it was successful--by  
yielding himself to be 8bruised for our 
iniquities10 and 8stricken for our      
sins20 and that1 8after having by       
himself purged our sins10--after having1
 in the nature he had assumed1          
8presented himself an offering and a    
sacrifice10 that we might obtain        
8eternal redemption through his         
blood10--he rose again from the dead1   
proclaiming his triumph over sin and    
,satan1 by showing that it was 8not     
possible for him to be holden0 of       
,death2 and further1 that 8he ascended  
up on high10--entered into heaven1 whose
 8everlasting gates0 opened to receive  
him1 as one who was 8leading captivity  
captive10 and who came to ask and 8to   
receive gifts for men40 ,all this we are
 warranted in connecting with the ideas 
which have already passed before us1 of 
the supremacy of ,god1 the duty of      
worship and the character of his        
worshippers1 and of finding in it the   

evangelical element in which such ideas 
need to be baptized4 ,god is2 ,god is to
 be worshipped2 ,god is holy2 they must 
be holy who habitually approach         
him2--but 8all have sinned and come     
short of the glory of ,god30 8every     
mouth must be stopped1 for the whole    
world is guilty before ,him40 8,,who1   
then1 shall ascend into the hill of the 
,lord1 or who shall stand in his holy   
place80--,they1 certainly1 who have     
8clean hands0 and 8a pure heart10       
but--who have first 8made a covenant    
with ,god by sacrifice20--who have      
accepted ,him1 whom he hath 8set forth  
as a propitiation10 and 8whose blood    
cleanseth from all sin20--who1 as       
sinners1 draw nigh in his name1 who is  
8the ,way1 the ,truth1 and the ,life10  
and without whom 8no man cometh unto the
 ,father20--they who1 believing in ,him 
8who died1 rose again1 and continues to 
live10 and 8who hath ascended up on high
 that he might fill all things10 have   
8received out of his fulness even grace 

for grace02--have obtained the pardon of
 actual sin1 and have received the gift 
of the sanctifying ,spirit which the    
,redeemer is emphatically exalted to    
bestow2--they who1 by the subjective    
operation of the truth1 are 8washed1 and
 justified1 and sanctified1 in the name 
of the ,lord ,jesus and by the spirit of
 our ,god20 and who know1 by experience1
 that 8the grace of ,god which bringeth 
salvation1 teaching them1 that1 denying 
ungodliness and worldly lusts1 they     
should live soberly1 righteously1 and   
godly in the world40 8,this is the      
generation of them that seek him1 that  
seek thy face ,o ,god of ,jacob40       
8,these receive the blessing from the   
,lord1 and righteousness from the ,god  
of their salvation40 8,they that do     
these things1 shall never be moved40    
,in this way1 then1 by taking the first 
verse of the psalm before us1 which     
constitutes the inscription on the      
,royal ,exchange1 and looking at it in  
connexion with the whole composition of 

which it is a part1 and by looking at   
that1 also1 in connexion with the       
religious institution it belonged to1   
and the entire revelation of both       
,testaments1 as gradually developing the
 great system of mercy and              
mediation1--in this way1 we are taught  
to associate with the general truths of 
an elementary ,theism1--which is all    
that at first appear to be              
proclaimed1--the specific truths of an  
,evangelical ,christianity4 8,the earth 
is the ,lord's1 and the fulness         
thereof20--this simple declaration of   
the primary principle of all religion1  
when placed in the light emanating from 
the whole constellation of discoveries  
which surround it in the ,jewish and    
,christian ,scriptures1 is seen to      
involve in it1 not only the existence1  
the government1 and the worship1 of a   
personal ,god1 but the reality and the  
functions1 the work and the presidency1 
of a personal ,redeemer4 ,they that     
8ascend into the hill of the ,lord1 and 

that stand with acceptance in his holy  
place10 must be holy because ,god is    
holy2 but it were terrible to make this 
demand upon humanity1 which is          
altogether deformed and dislocated1 and 
that manifests everywhere1 when it      
thinks of ,god1 that its next thought is
 that ,god is against it1--it were      
terrible1 we say1 to make this demand1  
if there came not along with it1 the    
proclamation of the offer1 and the      
announcement of the ,divine method1 of  
forgiveness1--the 8reconciliation0      
effected by him who triumphed over sin  
by the death of the cross1 and who      
ascended up on high in the might of his 
achievement1 to be at once the medium of
 our access to ,god1 and the ,divine    
,distributor of the blessings of his    
salvation4 ,men1 as men--that is1 as    
sinners--are to believe the gospel1 and 
to accept of ,christ1 that1 by faith and
 repentance1 spiritually 8entering into 
the holiest of all1 through the way he  
has consecrated for them by his blood10 

they may be constituted the church2 and 
then1 being the church1--that is1 sinful
 men justified and sanctified through   
him1--they are 8to bring forth the      
fruits of the spirit0 in their lives1   
and habitually to worship 8in the beauty
 of holiness40 ,the virtue that we      
demand in the worshippers of ,god1 under
 the rule of the ,christian             
dispensation1 is the virtue that flows  
from religious faith2 that faith being1 
the exercise of trust in the redemption 
of the gospel4 ,to have 8clean hands0   
and 8a pure heart10--to be sincere and  
upright in lip and life--we exact of all
 men as their daily duty2 but in order  
to possess these in a proper manner1 so 
that they shall be vital1 ,christian    
holiness1 and not a superficial and     
secular virtue1 there is a previous duty
 which behoves to be attended to1--the  
submission of the mind to the faith of  
,christ1--penitent approach to an       
offended ,god through the one           
divinely-appointed ,mediator1 8in whom  

we have redemption1 through his blood1  
the forgiveness of sins according to the
 riches of his grace40 ,being 8made     
partakers of the ,divine nature10       
through the influence of the quickening 
and sanctifying ,spirit1 they will then 
not only have 8their fruit unto         
holiness10 and cultivate1 from the force
 of a necessary law1 and as impelled by 
a regal and irrepressible instinct1     
8whatsoever things are just1 and        
whatsoever things are pure1 and         
whatsoever things are true1 and         
whatsoever things are lovely and of good
 report10 but they will be a part of    
8the priesthood of ,god10 endowed and   
consecrated by an unction from himself1 
that1 in the various acts and exercises 
of the ,church1 they may constantly     
offer up 8spiritual sacrifices          
acceptable to him by ,jesus ,christ40   
,these engagements1 again1 will re-act  
on their personal character1 and have a 
constant tendency to advance and elevate
 it1 and help their attainment of a     

practical perfection4 ,in this way1 men1
 first 8having obtained like precious   
faith0 with the ,apostles1 8in the      
righteousness of ,god1 and of our ,lord 
and ,saviour ,jesus ,christ20 will be   
divinely taught the secret of a real and
 accumulative excellence4 8,having      
escaped from the corruption that is in  
the world through lust10 they will 8give
 all diligence to add to their faith    
virtue1 and to virtue knowledge1 and to 
knowledge temperance1 and to temperance 
patience1 and to patience godliness1 and
 to godliness brotherly kindness1 and to
 brotherly kindness charity40  ,an      
intelligent adherent of the ,scriptural1
 ,protestant1 and ,evangelical faith of 
the living ,christianity of this realm  
of ,england1 associates all we have     
endeavoured to illustrate in the whole  
of our discussion with the simple       
inscription on the ,royal ,exchange4 ,it
 is a text from the ,bible4 ,it         
recognises the ,divine authority of the 
book2 and the recognition of that       

authority in one of its sayings1 carries
 with it the admission of the whole of  
its utterances4 8,the earth is the      
,lord's and the fulness thereof40 ,the  
association of this1 in a devout mind1  
is easy and natural with the exaltation 
and glory of the ,redeemer of the world1
 whose last words when he left it were1 
8,all power is given unto me in heaven  
and in earth10 and who1 upon this1 based
 the command which he gave to the       
,apostles1 8,go ye1 therefore1 into all 
the world1 and preach the ,gospel to    
every creature40 ,the government of the 
earth is in the hands of ,christ2 it is 
mediatorial2 it is not only that of     
goodness and beneficence1 but it is that
 also of revealed mercy4 ,god 8will have
 all men to be saved1 and to come unto  
the knowledge of the truth10 for his son
 8gave himself a ransom for all1 to be  
testified in due time40 ,there is       
another 8fulness10 besides that of the  
teeming earth1 and the annual redundance
 and prodigality of nature4 ,there is   

8,the fulness of ,christ1--the fulness  
of him who filleth all in all20 the     
complete development of 8his body the   
,church20 and the full-orbed display of 
his perfections and glory1 when 8to him 
every knee shall bow of things in heaven
 and things in earth2 and every tongue  
shall confess that he is ,lord1 to the  
glory of ,god the ,father40 ,all this1  
the thoughtful observer associates with 
the sentence that daily meets the eyes  
of the citizens of this great           
metropolis4 ,all this is being          
ceaselessly uttered in the hearing of   
the assembled congress of nations2--it  
is held up in the sight of the many and 
multitudinous representatives of the    
various tribes and peoples of the earth6
 ,what would be the future of ,europe   
and the world1--moral1 political1       
social1 and religious1--if ,england and 
its visitors alike learnt1 and fully    
carried out1 all that is involved in    
what the one is proclaiming in the ears 
of the others8  ,in the succeeding pages

 of this book1 we shall endeavour to    
reply to this question4     ,,part      
,,iii4  ,,prophetic4     ,,part ,,iii4  
,,prophetic4     ,,the ,,argument       
,,recapitulated--,,the ,,religious      
,,anticipation ,,of ,,the ,,future      
,,illustrated ,,and ,,justified ,,by    
,,the ,,hopes ,,of ,,social ,,and       
,,political ,,philanthropy4   ,we began 
this book by referring to the           
circumstance1 that the same illustrious 
individual who originated the idea of   
8the ,great ,exhibition10 and who has   
done so much to extend and realize it1  
suggested as an inscription for the     
,royal ,exchange1 a single sentence from
 our ,english ,bible--8,the earth is the
 ,lord's and the fulness thereof40 ,it  
is the first verse of the #bdth ,psalm4 
,the suggestion was adopted2--and hence1
 on the front of the building referred  
to1--in very plain letters1--rather rude
 if any thing1--without adornment1--or  
figure or flourish of any sort--but     
conspicuous and legible1 in our own     

homely1 honest1 ,saxon tongue1 stands1  
open to all the world1 the public       
proclamation of our faith as a          
people--8,the earth is the ,lord's and  
the fulness thereof40 ,it stands there1 
on the front of the edifice1 which is   
the commercial centre of this great     
city1--the place of meeting for the men 
of different lands and of many          
languages1 who1 as the representatives  
of every clime and country upon earth1  
constitute1 daily1 a sort of typical    
gathering of all nations1--men connected
 with the 8industry10 by being connected
 with the trade and traffic1 of the     
world4  ,we proposed to put the two     
things together1--the inscription on the
 ,exchange1 with the anticipated        
gathering in the ,palace of             
,industry1--and to consider the first as
 announcing to the second certain great 
truths1 and these again as involving    
universal duties2 and we further        
proposed to consider1 in conclusion1    
what would be the result1 to ,europe and

 the world1 if1 by ourselves and our    
many visitors1 with the aggregate of    
nationalities whom they will represent1 
these truths were all to be             
acknowledged1 and the duties resulting  
from them were all to be done4  ,we then
 proceeded--taking in connexion with the
 first verse of the psalm1 which        
constitutes the inscription on the      
,exchange1 the entire sacred composition
 of which it is a part1--and viewing    
that1 too1 in connexion with the whole  
volume of ,divine ,revelation to which  
it belongs--we proceeded1 on this       
principle1 to develope and illustrate   
the truths and the duties to which we   
referred4 ,thus expounded1 we found the 
confession1 that 8the earth is the      
,lord's and the fulness thereof10 to    
include the following things4 ,it       
involved1 in the first place1 the       
existence of ,god2--the acknowledgment  
of this1--and the acknowledgment of it  
in connexion with the idea of           
personality4 ,in the second place1 it   

involved ,god's proprietorship of the   
world and man1 and the recognition of   
this as carrying with it the            
acknowledgment of his being the         
,creator1 since1 immediately after the  
statement that 8the earth is the ,lord's
 and the fulness thereof10 the ,psalm   
goes on to say1 8the world1 and they    
that dwell therein2--for he hath founded
 it upon the seas and established it    
upon the floods40 ,in the third place1  
we educed from the confession that the  
8fulness0 of the earth is ,god's1 the   
doctrine of ,providence1 including in   
that1 the original disposition of       
materials for the service of man in the 
construction of the globe1--the whole   
arrangement of things1 animate and      
inanimate1 on its surface1--the         
establishment of all the laws of        
production1--the continual              
administration of these laws1 by ,god's 
personal supremacy and presidency over  
nature1--the gifts which he confers1 on 
nations and individuals1 of contrivance 

and skill1 taste and genius1--with      
whatever else belongs to the constant   
communication of good1 and the          
progressive advance and improvement of  
society4 ,all these ideas were largely  
illustrated by various striking passages
 of ,scripture2 and the acknowledgment  
of the truths of ,creation and          
,providence1 were both shown to involve 
in them further evidence of the previous
 truth of the ,divine personality4  ,we 
next advanced to some additional ideas  
of both truth and duty1 which the       
acknowledgment of all this              
involved1--especially as this           
acknowledgment was illustrated by the   
whole psalm that was supposed to be     
before us1 and as that was illustrated  
by the whole scheme of ,divine discovery
 developed in the ,bible1 and the       
connexion between the ,jewish and       
,christian revelations4 ,we found the   
following things to be thus brought out4
 ,in the first place1 the duty of       
worship3--this was suggested by the     

question1 which immediately follows the 
acknowledgment of ,god1 of creation1    
providence1 and the ,divine             
proprietorship of the earth and the     
world1--8,who shall ascend into the hill
 of the ,lord1 who shall stand in his   
holy place80 ,next1 there was the answer
 to this question1 which involved the   
obligation of universal virtue in ,god's
 worshippers--that is1 upon all men1    
since all men are alike bound to worship
 him3 8,he that hath clean hands and a  
pure heart2 who hath not lifted up his  
soul unto vanity1 nor sworn             
deceitfully40 ,this was expounded as a  
demand for inward and outward           
purity--purity of soul1 lip1 and        
life--in all who habitually approached  
,god in the solemnities of worship4 ,but
 this demand for universal virtue in    
each worshipper1--associated with the   
obligation of all men to                
worship1--viewed in connexion with the  
general consciousness of defect and sin1
 and the proof and prevalence of        

ungodliness in the world1--led1 in the  
third place1 to the discussion of the   
great question--how humanity was to come
 to the attainment of that character1   
which was essential to the fulfilment of
 its religious obligations8 ,to be in a 
proper moral and spiritual state for the
 discharge of habitual1 acceptable      
worship1 considered as a duty1 we found1
 by a process of scriptural reasoning1  
to involve another and a previous duty2 
that1 namely1 of accepting the gospel as
 a system of mercy1 and of submitting to
 ,christ as the ,redeemer of the world4 
,we argued this1 from looking at the    
lessons taught by the principle that    
pervaded the appointments of the ,jewish
 ritual1 and the prophetic bearing on   
the promised ,messiah1 of some of the   
hymns used by the people in the ,hebrew 
worship4 ,we showed how the whole of the
 ancient ,institute taught the necessity
 of atonement and sacrifice1--pardon    
through a propitiation1 and purity and  
holiness as divine effects2 we saw how  

it intimated that it did not itself     
provide these1 but1 by typical rites1   
significant ceremonies1 and prophetic   
songs1 anticipated their coming in 8the 
fulness of time10 when they should be   
procured and dispensed by one who was   
regarded as the hope and 8the desire of 
all nations40 ,without positively saying
 that the latter part of the            
twenty-fourth psalm was a distinct and  
intended prophecy of ,christ1 we showed1
 from the language of those psalms that 
are so1 as quoted and expounded in the  
,new ,testament1 that it might          
consistently be regarded as illustrative
 of ,christ--of his return in triumph to
 the heavenly world1 when1 after having 
8overcome the sharpness of death10 8he  
ascended up on high1 to receive gifts   
for men1 even for the rebellious1 that  
the ,lord ,god might dwell among them10 
and that they might become the holy and 
spiritual 8priesthood0 of ,god4 ,in this
 way1 we endeavoured to show how an     
intelligent ,christian might associate  

with the first verse of the             
twenty-fourth psalm1 all the scriptural 
revelations respecting ,,him1 who1 in   
the ,te ,deum1--one of the noblest of   
ancient ,christian hymns1--is invoked in
 language borrowed from the close of it3
 8,thou art ,,the ,,king ,,of ,,glory1  
,o ,christ60 and that thus1 the simple  
words on our ,exchange1 which at first  
sight appear to announce only the       
general principles of ,theism1 would    
come to utter in the ear of instructed  
reason and enlarged faith1 the specific 
truths of an ,evangelical ,christianity4
 ,it thus comes to pass1 that we are    
taught ourselves1 by the inscription    
referred to1 and shall teach the nations
 to whom we exhibit it1 that1 for men   
8to ascend into the hill of the ,lord1  
and habitually to worship in his holy   
place20 appearing there in 8the beauty  
of holiness10 and everywhere            
exemplifying universal virtue2 they must
 first come to him as sinners1 through  
,christ1 and that1 then1 being cleansed 

from their sins1 by being 8washed1      
justified1 and sanctified1 in the name  
of the ,lord ,jesus and by the spirit of
 our ,god10 they can constitute a holy1 
worshipping ,church2 and with 8clean    
hands10 and 8pure hearts10 offer up     
8spiritual sacrifices10 fragrant and    
acceptable to ,him whom they            
approach1--such approach1 again1 ever   
re-acting on their further attainment of
 personal righteousness4  ,it now only  
remains for us to conclude and complete 
our originally projected course of      
observation1 by setting forth what would
 be the future condition of the nations1
 supposing that all the world learned   
and practised the truths and duties     
which have thus been enumerated4  ,it is
 not unnatural to look at the subject in
 this way4 ,philosophers1 and           
politicians1 and social economists1 are 
all regarding the great event which is  
just at hand1#a as constituting the     
beginning of a new era and of better    
times2 and as embodying in itself       

something like a prophecy of a          
brightened and improved future for the  
nations4 ,for the first time in the     
history of the world1 there is to be a  
flowing of the peoples of all lands to  
one spot4 ,they are not summoned        
together by blast of trumpet2 they come 
not inflamed by mutual animosities1 nor 
with souls bent on conquest and carnage4
 ,nor do they come for the purpose of   
witnessing games and tourneys1--feats of
 strength or speed1--the rude contests  
of muscular athlet1--the skill of       
charioteers1--the sanguinary spectacle  
of gladiatorial shows1--or the combat of
 plumed knights1 with their glittering  
armour and gallant bearing1 their       
caparisoned steeds and gay attendants1  
making war look like a holiday          
entertainment4 ,the gathering of the    
nations about to be held is to be       
altogether of another sort4 ,the crowds 
that move to it1 are not to move as a   
thunderbolt or a whirlwind1 carrying in 
their course havock and desolation2 they

 are to bring with them1 in their       
tranquil march1 the useful products of  
their respective countries1 and the     
bloodless trophies of their industry and
 their skill4 ,these are to be all      
collected and arranged in one great and 
extraordinary edifice1 where they are to
 enter into a sort of peaceful contest  
and amicable rivalry1 while the people  
themselves of every region are to mingle
 together1 and to look on1 and to       
observe1 and compare1 and wonder1 and   
rejoice3--and it is expected to come to 
pass1 that however unable the most of   
them may be to understand the spoken    
languages of the rest1 all will be able 
to read and to interpret what will be   
written everywhere on the whole scene1  
and to comprehend the import of the     
common voice that shall seem to be      
issuing from the objects around them4   
,the products of the different regions  
of the earth will recognise each other  
as belonging to one and the same world2 
the multitudes of things that will      

illustrate the achievements of skill and
 industry1 though constructed or        
fabricated by the hands of men of many  
languages1 will have among themselves a 
common dialect--a language of their     
own--but which all the different        
national workers shall alike understand4
 ,everything will speak of oneness1     
brotherhood1--the same nature1 the same 
faculties1 the same ,father1--the folly 
and wickedness of men not 8living       
together in unity10--of their degrading 
powers that are so wonderful1 and so    
prolific of wonders1 and desolating a   
world which they have such vast ability 
to beautify and adorn6 ,from such a     
lesson it is hoped and expected that the
 crowds will disperse wiser and         
better1--more loving and more fraternal2
 and that a basis will be laid for such 
future peaceful and profitable          
intercourse1 as shall render war an     
utter impossibility4 ,it may be         
supposed1 also1 that the approaching    
event will only prove the first of a    

long series of similar exhibitions1     
which shall successively occur in all   
coming time1 and which shall take place 
in different cities of ,europe and      
,america1 till at length they may be    
fixed in some distant region of those   
lands that witnessed the birth or were  
honoured by being the cradle of the     
race1 or in those which are at present  
the nurseries of nations as yet without 
a name4 ,the whole thing1 to some minds1
 is thus shaping itself into a prophetic
 type of a new aspect of the civilized  
world4 ,but it is easy to see1 that this
 prophecy is one which includes many    
others2 for it could not be fulfilled1  
to the extent of its grand and          
comprehensive meaning1 without a variety
 and number of important social and     
political changes being supposed as the 
necessary conditions of such a spectacle
 in other lands1 as that which is       
possible and prepared for in our own4   
,we are merely adding then1 to the      
calculations of philosophy1 the higher  

thoughts suggested by the principles of 
our national faith1 when we take the    
truths included in that faith1 and1     
supposing them to be received by the    
nations of the earth1 as we have drawn  
them out from the words that are        
enthroned in the midst of our city and  
in the sight of all men1 proceed to     
inquire what would be the result of     
their being universally learned and     
embraced1 and the duties they impose    
being universally obeyed4 ,the          
inscription on the ,exchange1 if        
appropriate for it1 is appropriate for  
the ,palace of ,industry too4#b ,it is a
 glorious thing to think that we are    
living at such a time as this1 and are  
about to witness such a festival as that
 projected by the ,consort of our       
,sovereign2--not the banquet of a vain  
and idolatrous voluptuary1 making 8a    
feast for a thousand of his lords10     
ready to desecrate what is sacred to    
religion1 and to pour out libations of  
wine and strong drink1 that 8he and his 

princes1 his wives1 and his concubines1 
may lift up themselves against the ,god 
of heaven10 blaspheming his name and    
abusing his gifts1 and 8praising the    
gods of gold and of silver1 of brass and
 of iron1 of wood and of stone20--it is 
not this1 or we might expect the        
appearance of a mysterious hand1 once   
more1 with its 8,,mene1 ,,mene1 ,,tekel1
 ,,upharsin10 to pronounce the doom of a
 voluptuous court and a devoted         
country2--it is not this1 but a vast    
banquet for the eye and the intellect1  
the heart and the reason2--and one1 too1
 projected on such a principle of       
recognising in all things the dominion  
of ,him 8who liveth for ever and        
ever10--and 8who ruleth alike over the  
hosts of heaven and the inhabitants of  
the earth10--8in whose hand our breath  
is1 and whose are all our ways10--and   
8from whom cometh the gold and the      
silver1 the brass1 the iron1 the wood   
and the stone20 the fruits of the earth 
and the abundance of the seas2--with    

every power and faculty of man--ability 
to accomplish and capacity to           
enjoy2--the whole thing so proceeds1 we 
trust1 on the acknowledgment of         
,him1--that1 instead of a vision to     
strike terror and to scatter in         
confusion1 we should rather imagine that
 we see written1--in radiant letters1 by
 the hand of love and not of vengeance1 
to kindle devotion and strengthen       
faith1--on the crystal walls of the     
,palace of ,industry1 giving a glory to 
all its contents--8,,the ,,earth ,,is   
,,the ,,lord',s1 ,,and ,,the ,,fulness  
,,thereof2--,,the ,,world1 ,,and ,,they 
,,that ,,dwell ,,therein40  ,supposing  
this1 then1 to become the creed of the  
world1 enlarged and illustrated by      
,christian associations1 and for all its
 personal and practical lessons to be   
fully carried out1 let us see what would
 be the condition of human society4  #a 
,these pages were written previous to   
the opening of the 8,exhibition10 and   
refer to it as approaching4 ,they do not

 appear quite so soon as it was once    
hoped they would have done1 but it has  
been thought best to retain their       
original form of expression4  #b ,since 
this was written1 the ,author has been  
gratified by learning that ,prince      
,albert has selected the words1 with the
 addition of the second clause of the   
verse1 for the ,english motto on the    
cover of the ,catalogue of the          
,exhibition4 ,it is taken1 however1 from
 the ,prayer-book translation of the    
,psalms1 instead of from that of the    
authorized version4 ,the sense is the   
same1 although the phraseology is       
slightly varied4 ,the words are1 8,the  
earth is the ,lord's1 and all that      
therein is3 the compass of the world1   
and they that dwell therein40     ,i4   
,universal ,theism4   ,in the first     
place1 there would be1 everywhere1--in  
all lands and in all hearts1--the belief
 and acknowledgment of the one living   
and true ,god4 ,all doubt1 denial1 and  
error1 respecting this cardinal and     

central truth1 would have passed away4  
,there would be no ,atheism1--the       
rejection and repudiation of a personal 
,god2 no ,pantheism1--which is only     
,atheism under another name2 no         
,scepticism1--professed uncertainty as  
to whether there is really a ,god or    
not2 and no ,polytheism--the belief of a
 mere rabble of divinities4 ,all these  
forms of thought would cease and        
determine1 and give place to the        
universal admission of the great fact of
 the ,divine existence4 ,no human being 
would be to be found1 who could look    
over the earth with all its wonders1 and
 survey the heaven with its sun and     
stars1--and see no proof or probability 
in either1 of the existence anywhere of 
a being or a personality greater than   
himself6 ,this is the amount of the     
,atheistic creed1--if creed it can be   
called1 that consists only in denials   
and negations4 ,the universe is a       
thing1--wonderful indeed1 but nothing   
more1--having no consciousness1 no      

capacity for voluntary action1 nothing  
about it of personal properties2 and1 if
 there be no independent personal ,god1 
then1 the greatest being that is known  
to exist in the whole universe1--the    
only one that can be spoken of as a     
person1 is man himself6--a somewhat lame
 and impotent conclusion6--a poor summit
 to the infinitude of things6 ,there are
 those who say that they believe        
this2--there will be none to say it1    
when it comes to be a universally       
admitted truth1 that 8the earth is the  
,lord's1 and the fulness thereof40 ,in  
the same way1 there will be no thinkers1
 or professed thinkers1 whose minds1    
repelled by the gross darkness of       
positive denial1 but not drawn into the 
light of positive belief1 wander in the 
fogs and mists of uncertainty1 and      
8reason downwards till they doubt of    
,god40 ,and in the same way1 the myriads
 of gods1 which the ,asiatic nations    
conceive to be filling the heavens and  
the earth1--large and small1--great and 

little1 but most of them debased1--will 
all disappear1 like the more elegant    
system of the ,greeks1 that once divided
 the domain of nature1 and parcelled it 
out among its subordinate divinities4   
,cleared and cleansed from all these    
various forms of error1 the large heart 
of universal humanity will be open to   
the air and the sunlight of true        
thought1 and will reflect1 as from a    
mirror1 the image of ,him1 who has 8set 
his glory above the heavens10 and of    
whom it is said1 that 8the knowledge of 
him0 is abroad 8in all the earth10      
since1 8from the creation of the world10
 he hath made manifest1 8by the works of
 his hands10 8even his eternal power and
 ,godhead40     ,,ii4  ,universality of 
,christian ,worship4   ,in the second   
place1 there will be added to this      
universal acknowledgment of ,god1 as the
 object of belief1 a further recognition
 of him as the object of worship4 ,all  
men would be worshippers of ,god1 if1   
throughout the world1 there should be   

not only the prevalence of the belief of
 that ,god is1 but the working out of   
the results of that belief1--that       
because he is1 he is 8the hearer of     
prayer10 and that 8to him10 therefore1  
8all flesh should come40 ,taking this   
subject1 however1 in connexion with all 
the explanatory illustrations which we  
have already advanced1 it is easy to see
 that it is of wide compass1 and will   
include far more than might at first be 
apparent4  ,the ,god1 whom we suppose to
 be acknowledged1 is the ,god of the    
,bible1 and the worship by which we     
suppose him to be approached1 would be  
worship conducted on the principle which
 pervades it1 and regulated by all that 
its spirit and precepts concur to       
prescribe4 ,the ,being referred to in   
the ,scriptural expression1--8,the earth
 is the ,lord's10--is not one whose     
existence and character are demonstrated
 by philosophy1 and who may thus be     
considered as a sort of hypothesis2--it 
is1 as we have said1 the ,god of the    

,bible1--the ,god who has made himself  
known by supernatural facts and verbal  
revelation1 and whose discovery of      
himself in the works of his power1 and  
in the constant displays of his wisdom  
and beneficence1 is to be supplemented  
and enlarged by the whole of the        
utterances of his grace and mercy4 ,on  
this principle it was1 that we took the 
expression1 8,the earth is the ,lord's1 
and the fulness thereof20 not as an     
independent and isolated sentence1--not 
as a thing to be looked at by           
itself1--but in connexion with the      
contents of the entire volume of which  
it is a part3 and we saw1 when we did   
so1 that it brought out1 into great     
prominence1 such a view of the teaching 
of ,scripture in respect to the         
relations of ,god and man1 as           
necessarily affected1 very materially1  
the whole theory and practice of        
worship4 ,but it is this view of the    
meaning of the passage1 that we are     
supposing to be learned and acknowledged

 by the nations1 and therefore the      
worship1 in which we are further        
supposing them to unite1 would of course
 be that which the whole of our         
exposition would inculcate or explain4  
,it is remarkable1 too1 that            
philosophical ,deism never leads to     
worship in its disciples1--at least not 
to anything in the form of regular      
social or public acts4 ,it is possible  
for a simple ,theist consistently to    
pray1 or to extol and adore the ,deity  
he acknowledges2 and it may be1 that    
some ,theists privately do so1--though  
all probabilities1--it may by no means  
uncandidly1 be said1--are rather against
 it4 ,what would be possible and        
consistent1 however1 in a ,deist by     
himself1 would be equally so in a       
company of such4 ,on the principle of   
their believing in a personal ,god1 they
 might meet together for public worship4
 ,but they never do4 ,the mere admission
 of the one principle that ,god is1     
would seem not to be sufficient to lead 

men to worship2--it needs to be         
connected with another principle--that  
which affirms that 8,god has spoken10 or
 that1 by some means1 he has            
supernaturally made himself known1      
revealed his interest in human nature1  
and drawn near1--or draws near1--to the 
human race4 ,all religions1 always and  
everywhere1 have pre-supposed something 
of supernatural intercourse between ,god
 and man2--they have had1 or have1 their
 traditionary belief of divine          
appearances1--their notions of a        
priesthood peculiarly favoured or filled
 by the divinity1 through which1 and    
through whose acts1 the people could    
acceptably approach and pray4 ,the      
believers in the ,bible believe1 of     
course1 in supernatural manifestations  
of the ,divine ,being1 made to them in  
the records1 and embodied in many of the
 facts1 of the book2 and it is this     
belief that makes them worshippers4 ,for
 the habit of worship1 then1 facts      
everywhere and abundantly demonstrate1  

you must have a religion2 and for the   
existence of religion1 you must have the
 belief of supernatural discoveries of  
,god to man1 in addition to the display 
of himself in his works4 ,deism is not a
 religion1 but a philosophy2 it has a   
,god1 but it does not worship2 and it   
does not worship1 because ,god1         
according to its conception of him1 has 
never broken the silence of nature1 or  
narrowed the distance between him and   
his creatures by passing over the limits
 of fixed law4 ,all men who worship1    
whether their worship be pure or        
corrupt1 do so1 we repeat1 because they 
have a religion1 and they have a        
religion1 because they believe in       
something supernatural as to their      
knowledge of ,god2 something which makes
 their belief of him faith in what is   
demonstrated by miraculous fact or      
divine statement2 and not merely        
opinion1 as the logical conclusion of a 
speculative philosophy4  ,these         
principles and reasonings being         

apprehended1 will clear the way to the  
intelligent perception of the variety of
 things that must be understood as      
included in the idea of all the world   
becoming worshippers of ,god1 as the    
result of their perception of what we1  
as a nation1 are supposed to teach4 ,for
 men to be worshippers1 their knowledge 
of ,god must be religious1 not          
philosophic2 for it to be religious1 it 
must be founded on belief in a          
supernatural revelation2 it will be     
this1 when they acknowledge that 8the   
earth is the ,lord's1 and the fulness   
thereof10 in words taken from the       
,jewish ,scriptures1 and regarded as an 
utterance of1 the ,divine voice4 ,by    
such an acknowledgment they will        
recognise the whole of those            
,scriptures1 as 8given by inspiration of
 ,god10 or1 as written by men who wrote 
8as they were moved by the ,holy        
,ghost40 ,but the admission of this1    
will draw with it the admission of the  
second series of writings1 and the      

acknowledgment of their intimate        
connexion with the first1 as the perfect
 development of what the first          
foreshadowed1 and the record of the     
fulfilment of what they foretold4 ,the  
faith of the men1 therefore1 who begin  
with the confession that 8the earth is  
the ,lord's10 and who profess it in the 
words of a ,divine saying1 and as such1 
must go on till it takes in what the    
,hebrew institute taught in type1 and   
the ,hebrew prophets uttered in words1  
when they 8spake beforehand of the      
sufferings of ,christ1 and of the glory 
that should follow20 and it must still  
go on1 and can only be rationally and   
consistently complete1 when it receives 
the whole of the evangelical discoveries
 of the ,new ,testament respecting the  
redemption of the ,christ of ,god4      
,this1 then1 would be the faith of      
future society1 the world over2 and by  
this faith its worship would be         
regulated1 if1 as we are supposing1 the 
nations should learn from us our        

religious belief in all its extent1 and 
should follow it out in all its         
obligations4  ,the worship of the world1
 then1 would be ,christian worship4 ,men
 would be worshippers1 because they     
would be religious2 they would be       
religious1 because they would have a    
religion1 not a philosophy2 and that    
religion1 would be the one taught in the
 ,christian ,scriptures1 and founded on 
the facts of the ,christian revelation4 
,all that we shall say of the           
consequence of this1 at present1 is1    
that1 just as the admission of a        
personal ,god puts aside all forms of   
denial or error upon that point1 so1 the
 admission of a particular form of      
,divine discovery1 and the establishment
 of worship according to the principles 
of a specific revelation1 will put aside
 all other systems of worship1 and      
overturn the pretensions of all other   
supernatural beliefs4 ,mohammedanism and
 idolatry would alike die under the     
predominance of the ,christian          

sentiment2--the one as including too    
little1 in not adding to the knowledge  
of ,god the knowledge of the redemptive 
act of the ,christ2 and the other as    
including too much1 in having 8gods many
 and lords many10 and worshipping these 
through visible objects1 or regarding   
the visible objects as ,divine2 thus    
8falling down to the work of their      
hands10 and 8turning the truth of ,god  
into a lie40 ,when ,christian worship   
shall be universal in the earth1 the    
gods1 and priests1 and altars and       
temples of all other religions will have
 departed2 everything gross1 cruel1 and 
obscene will have passed away1 and have 
given place to the practical knowledge  
of the one living and true ,god1--to    
,him1 8who is of purer eyes than to     
behold iniquity10 and who requires to be
 worshipped by men of 8clean hands0 and 
of 8pure hearts40 ,then will be brought 
to pass many of the sayings that are    
written in ,,the ,,book which often     
portrays1 in prophetic song1 visions of 

the triumph of religion and             
righteousness1 and of that ,,future1    
which it sees1 and celebrates1 and it is
 to make for humanity4 8,the ,lord will 
famish all the gods of the earth40 8,the
 idols he will utterly abolish40 8,it   
shall come to pass1 that the gods which 
have not made the heavens and the earth1
 even they shall perish from the earth1 
and from underneath these heavens40 8,so
 men shall fear the name of the ,lord   
from the west1 and his glory from the   
rising of the sun40 8,for1 from the     
rising of the sun even to the going down
 of the same1 his name shall be great   
among the ,gentiles2 and1 in every place
 incense shall be offered unto him1 and 
a pure offering40 8,behold the days     
come1 saith the ,lord1 when they shall  
not teach every man his neighbour1 and  
every man his brother1 saying1 ,know the
 ,lord1 for all shall know me from the  
least even unto the greatest40 8,in that
 day1 shall there be one ,lord and his  
name one40 ,for 8the kingdoms of the    

world shall become the kingdoms of our  
,lord1 and of his ,christ2 and he shall 
reign for ever and ever40     ,,iii4    
,the ,scriptures will purify and restore
 the ,church4   ,but in the third place1
 as we are supposing the nations of the 
world to be intelligently led from the  
simple sentence1--8the earth is the     
,lord's1 and the fulness thereof10 to   
the admission of the contents of the    
entire book1 and the full understanding 
of the whole system of mercy and        
mediation1 as developed in shadow1 in   
the ,hebrew ritual1 and given1 in       
substance1 in the work of ,christ2 and  
as we are supposing1 that1 because of   
the fact of their knowledge1 their      
worship will be ,christian2--we wish it 
further to be observed1 that1 because of
 the mode of their acquiring that       
knowledge1 and on account of the        
accuracy and extent of it1 their worship
 will not only be ,christian as to its  
general character1 but it will come to  
be of a kind distinguished by certain   

specific peculiarities4  ,that is to    
say1 learning their faith from a certain
 book1 and from being taught to         
comprehend the entire contents of       
it1--and finding in that book1 that     
though there are 8some things in it hard
 to be understood10 it is yet in its    
entireness the property of the people2  
it will come to pass1 that all the      
people will claim to possess it1--will  
stand to their claim1--and will enforce 
and carry it1 until there shall be none 
that shall dare to deny or to resist4   
,then1 again1 a whole world of          
intelligent and earnest men1 with the   
,bible in their hands1 as ,divine       
thought1--studying the book 8till the   
word of ,christ dwells in them richly1  
in all wisdom and spiritual             
understanding10--8having the form of    
knowledge and of truth0 there2--marking 
and comprehending 8the things that      
differ10 and spiritually taught to      
distinguish between that1 which1 however
 glorious when in its proper place1     

came1 at last1 to have 8no glory1       
because of the glory that               
excelleth20--8waxed old and vanished    
away as a thing that was done with10 in 
consequence of that coming in its stead1
 which was never to be moved--never to  
be surpassed1 and never supplanted by   
any further or superior                 
dispensation2--men1 understanding all   
this1 and understanding1 too1 that1 in  
consequence of it all1 they have the    
knowledge of a sacrifice which could    
never be repeated1--and 8a great ,high  
,priest of their profession1 who has    
entered into heaven1 and appears in the 
presence of ,god for them10--and that   
themselves are 8a holy priesthood10 and 
that spiritual acts1 affections1 and    
duties1 are the incense and sacrifices  
of the ,christian church1 8with which   
#8alone' ,god is well pleased20--such   
men--and we are supposing the whole     
world to be such--would cleanse         
,christendom of the corruptions of the  
faith1 just as ,christianity1 generally 

considered1 would1 by its active and    
universal diffusion1 subvert and        
extinguish the idolatries of            
,heathenism4--,human priesthood1 visible
 altars1 the sacrifice of the mass1     
literal incense1 the 8lifting-up of the 
soul unto vanity10 in the sense of the  
adoration of saints and martyrs1 the    
worship of a woman1 of pictures1 images1
 and relics of the dead1--ecclesiastical
 tyrannies1 popular superstitions1 and  
popular serfdom1--with everything else  
that is incompatible with a vital and   
diffused ,christian intelligence1--all  
these would pass away2--the one offering
 of the one ,priest--and the exclusive  
intercession of the 8one ,mediator      
between ,god and men10--would be the    
only things before the mind of the      
churches2--while they would meet        
habitually1 and meet everywhere1 to     
worship in simplicity1--8in spirit and  
in truth10--undeceived by empty         
ritualisms1--regaled and refreshed by 8a
 rational service10 and edified and     

established by a ministry of            
instruction4 ,christ will be understood 
to be 8a priest upon a throne20 to be   
the ,head of the church1 and the        
superior and 8,prince of the kings of   
the earth10 and to hold in his hands    
8the keys of death and of the invisible 
world10--8to open so that no man can    
shut1 and to shut that no man can       
open20--and when all this is apprehended
 by the nations1 it will not be endured 
that there shall be a sort of           
blasphemous mimicry of it all in the    
pretensions and claims of the ,man of   
,sin4 8,the earth is the ,lord's1 and   
the fulness thereof2 the world1 and they
 that dwell therein20--when this is     
understood1 in its ,christian           
acceptation1 and all men are aware that 
for all equally 8,christ died10--that   
they are his property1 and that none are
 to interfere between him and his1--that
 ,he alone is 8,lord0 alike1 8of the    
dead and of the living10 and that by    
8setting his love0 on all1 he makes each

 individual spiritually 8great10 and    
stamps a dignity on the nature he       
redeemed1--when these things are known  
and felt1 there will be none who will   
8lord it over ,god's heritage10 or none 
to submit to the attempted usurpation4  
,,iv4  ,universal ,virtue4   ,in the    
next place1--in consistency with the    
principles previously expounded1 of the 
character that ,god demands in his      
worshippers1--the necessity to their    
acceptance1 in divine service1 of their 
possession and culture of universal     
virtue1--and the manner by which1 in    
,christian worshippers1 virtue expands  
and developes into holiness2--in        
consistency with this1 we have next to  
remark1 that when men have become what  
we have sketched as to religion1 there  
will be the prevalence among them of an 
elevated morality4 ,it is not denied    
that there may be virtue and morals     
without faith2--and that the honourable1
 and the true1 and the lovely1 and the  
beautiful1 in habit and behaviour1 may  

exist in the man who is destitute of    
religion4 ,it is quite possible that an 
individual who denies that 8the earth is
 the ,lord's1 and the fulness thereof10 
by denying that there is any ,lord to   
whom it can belong2--who1 therefore1 has
 no sense of religious reverence1--no   
idea of ,divine authority1--no thought  
of a future account1--who never         
worships1 never acts from spiritual     
motives1 or as 8seeing ,him who is      
invisible10--it is quite possible for   
such a man to find reasons in the       
present1 visible constitution of things1
 for making the best of the life that   
now is1 by living purely1 uprightly1 and
 honestly in the world4 ,we admit this4 
,but we are now supposing that all men  
have risen into a higher sphere1 through
 the reception and power of religious   
faith1--and that their virtue1 instead  
of being a thing that has its roots in  
the earth1 and is nourished by mere     
mundane influences1 is a thing which    
flows down upon them from heaven1 and is

 quickened and invigorated by           
intercourse with ,god4 ,the religious   
man1 if he be true to his privileges and
 profession1 will have all the virtues  
of the man of the world1 besides some   
others which the latter has not2--and   
still further1 as those that they have  
in common1 are1 in him1 fed and         
sustained from a far higher and diviner 
source than what nourishes those of the 
man of the world1 they ought to be seen 
to be both more pure and more elevated  
than his1 in simple correspondence with 
that circumstance4 ,future society1     
then1 being supposed to have come under 
the influence of religious truth1--to be
 reconciled to ,god through the death of
 his son1 and to be regenerated and     
renewed by the sanctifying ,spirit1 and1
 as such1 habitually 8to ascend into the
 hill of the ,lord10 and to worship     
acceptably 8in his holy place10 it is to
 be expected1 as the result of this1    
that it will 8increase and abound in all
 holy conversation and godliness40 ,now1

 there is no personal or social virtue  
that the ,new ,testament does not       
inculcate1 or that the spirit of the    
gospel is not adapted to nourish and    
expand4 ,if the nations of the world    
were each to possess a national religion
 in the sense of the whole nation being 
religious1 then1 every individual would 
be chaste and temperate1 upright and    
truthful1 fortified by the strength and 
softened and adorned by the beauties of 
holiness4 ,every family would be loving 
and harmonious2 parents wise and worthy 
of respect2 children obedient2 brethren 
living 8together in unity40 ,all        
business would be conducted justly2     
commercial transactions would be all    
clean1 and capable of being touched with
 8clean hands20 trade and handicrafts   
would be noble and dignified1 by being  
pervaded by the great idea of 8duty10   
and attended to on principles which     
would be the very same as those that    
control the doings of an angel1 or      
direct and inspire a seraph in his      

songs6 ,nowhere would be seen           
drunkenness1 or seduction2--robbery and 
murder would be things of the past4     
,there would be no oppression on the    
part of the rich2 no pride or tyranny in
 the powerful2 no injustice between     
class and class2 no envy in the less    
favoured of ,god's children1 prompting  
them to harsh or petulant judgments of  
their more distinguished or opulent     
brothers4 ,there never can be literal   
and absolute equality of station or     
circumstance2--there never can be a     
uniformity of rank or possessions4 ,in  
the most perfect condition of the world 
and man1 there must still of necessity  
be master and servant1 the employer and 
the employed2--the head of one1 the hand
 of another1 the capital of a third1 the
 back for a burden1 and the feet for    
toil2 all these will always be required1
 and must be furnished1 and must act1 in
 any improved state of society4 ,but    
they may act harmoniously4 ,there need  
be no fraud1 oppression1 or injustice4  

,there may be everywhere given 8the fair
 day's wages for the fair day's         
work20--and there may be everywhere     
rendered 8the fair day's work for the   
fair day's wages40 ,society1 like the   
church1 is a body with its members4 ,it 
has its head and feet1 its ear and eye1 
its mouth and hands2--the health of the 
body1 or its physical perfection1 does  
not consist in every member having the  
same office2 but in all fulfilling their
 respective functions1 without          
disturbance1--each being thus in unity  
with the rest4 ,the perfect and         
healthful development of society        
consists in a condition analogous to    
this4 ,christian communism1 and         
,christian socialism1 if anything of the
 sort shall hereafter be1 will be found 
to consist1 not in society's ceasing to 
be a body by becoming entirely but one  
member--a huge head1 or a gigantic foot1
 or a great1 swinging1 muscular         
arm1--but in all the members acting     
healthily in their own place2 and1 while

 doing so1 each having the same care of 
the other4 ,in this way1 and in this way
 alone1 can society be preserved from   
opposite dangers2--from becoming a      
monster without parts1 that must of     
necessity perish from the want of       
organic or functional vitality--or being
 torn by intestine schisms and          
dissensions that must tear it to pieces 
or make it explode6  ,it is not possible
 to enlarge on these and kindred        
matters1 that might be introduced under 
the present illustration4 ,enough has   
been said to make manifest the general  
principle1 that1 on the supposition of  
the diffusion in the world of an        
intelligent1 vital1 and uncorrupted     
,christianity1 there would result from  
it the fruits of a universal            
righteousness4 ,every family would be 8a
 church in the house20 children would be
 trained in the way they should go2 and 
conversion from outward1 practical      
wickedness1 would be seldom needed in   
adult age4 ,education would be          

universal4 ,learning and knowledge would
 be 8the stability of these times0--with
 the fear of ,god1 and the hope of      
salvation4 ,science would be devout1 and
 literature pure4 ,the universe would be
 explored with reverence and humility2  
discoveries announced without boasting2 
and improvements and inventions received
 with gratitude4 ,no books would be     
written to demoralize and corrupt1--nor 
the arts be allowed to minister to      
licentiousness4 ,industry would be      
cheerful1 and labour honoured2 the      
fruits of the earth would be taken and  
used as a ,divine gift2 and the         
productions of skill would be connected 
with thoughts of the ,maker of the mind4
 ,in that day1 there would be on every  
object 8holiness to the ,lord10 for all 
men would act in consistency with the   
belief1 that 8the earth is ,his1 and the
 fulness thereof40     ,v4              
,nationalities4   ,in the last place3 it
 only remains to be remarked1 that this 
universality of religion and            

righteousness1 in each nation of the    
earth respectively1 would come to have  
an effect on the relations and          
intercourse of each with the rest1 and  
on its own internal constitution and    
action4 ,if all nations were really to  
believe that 8the earth is the ,lord's1 
and the fulness thereof10 and especially
 to connect with this the next          
clause1--8the world1 and they that dwell
 therein20--and if they were honestly to
 carry such a creed fairly out1 into all
 its great practical results1--it would 
be found to be the charter of peace and 
freedom1 order and liberty1 in all      
lands4 ,let men get the idea that the   
earth is ,god's1 not theirs1--and that  
all the race are alike his1--his1 at    
once1 as created by his goodness and    
redeemed by his mercy2--and especially  
let it be imagined1 that all habitually 
mingled in his worship1 and that all    
felt inspired by a desire to live in    
constant1 practical harmony with his    
will2--why1 there could be neither war1 

nor slavery1 nor anarchy1 nor           
despotisms2--men could not be brought1  
on the supposition suggested1 to be     
trained and taught to slaughter one     
another6--or to steal one another6--or  
to buy1 and sell1 and fetter1 and lash  
those who were the exclusive property of
 ,god1 and who1 whatever their colour1  
were each of them as much a man as      
themselves6 ,no monarch could be seduced
 into the belief that a whole people was
 made for him2--or that power was not a 
trust2--or that it could be used for any
 purpose but the good of the nation1 and
 according to the eternal principles of 
right on which ,god himself governs his 
own4 ,nor would a people imagine that   
any new institutions would benefit them1
 or any change or revolution be an      
improvement1 if they were not each of   
them a king over himself4--,we do not   
mean to say that one form of political  
government may not be intrinsically     
better than another2--but we do mean to 
say that the ,future of the world will  

no more be distinguished by the same    
form of political government being      
universal1 than by the universal        
prevalence of one mode of ecclesiastical
 polity2--and we further mean to say1   
that the diffusion of an intelligent and
 instructed ,christianity would carry   
into the bosoms of all men the          
,scriptural principles1 that government 
is the institution of ,god2--that ,god1 
in this respect1 is the ,god of         
order2--and that reverence for authority
 and submission to law are as much      
,christian duties as anything           
else4--,authority may be abused1 and law
 may be unjust2 but he who acts in the  
fear of ,god1 will suffer much1 and     
think more1 before he will be persuaded 
that political rebellion and            
disobedience are virtues4 ,we do not say
 that there are not occasions when the  
one may be patriotic and the other      
right2--but there is a time coming when 
none in the places of trust and power   
will so act as for this to be the       

case1--and when none in those of        
submission and obedience will feel that 
a dignified and manly loyalty has become
 either an impossibility or a burden4   
,governors1 nowhere1 will fear          
discussion2 or fetter the press2 or     
refuse reforms2 or cripple              
independence2--and people1 nowhere1 will
 abuse their rights2 or desire1 or      
demand1 the unreasonable or unjust4 ,the
 aggregate of families1 which make up a 
nation1 living in unity1 like each of   
the families that constitute or compose 
it1 the aggregate of nations will dwell 
together in the same spirit1 and with   
the same results4 ,commerce will bring1 
more and more1 the whole earth into     
friendly intercourse2--the sea that     
would seem to divide the nations1 shall 
be as a chain to bind people to people1 
and land to land4 ,instead of meeting   
for hostile purposes1 there will be the 
interchange of visits to promote        
science1 to perfect literature1 to      
spread art1 to cultivate religion--or to

 honour ,god in the results of industry1
 by the circulation round the world of  
an ,exhibition like that which is just  
at hand4 ,if1 in all these ways to which
 we have adverted1 the lessons of our   
,royal ,exchange were to be learned1 and
 we ourselves1 and our expected         
visitors1 to carry them out1 in the full
 development of individual1 social1 and 
national life1--many of the pictures of 
the prophets would be realized2 the     
kingdom of heaven would be established  
on the earth2 and the tabernacle of ,god
 would be universally with man4 ,evils  
might remain1 but everything would tend 
to mitigate or diminish them4 ,the world
 would be a temple1--the nations a      
church2--all work would be a daily      
worship1 while daily worship1 strictly  
so called1 would hallow and sanctify all
 work4 ,the day of rest would be        
welcomed as it came1--but welcomed for  
its devotion1 as well as its repose4    
,from all hearts1 from all hands1 from  
palace and cottage--from the mine and   

the market-place--from the field and the
 factory--the forge and the loom--the   
city and the sea1 from all nations and  
from all men1--there would be going up  
constantly to heaven1 that which is     
required when ,christians are exhorted  
in language like this--8,dearly beloved1
 ,i beseech you1 by the mercies of ,god1
 that ye present your bodies as living  
sacrifices1 holy and acceptable to ,god1
 which is your reasonable service40     
,were this ever to be universally       
realized1 the final cause of the        
creation of the world1 might1 without a 
figure1 be said to be attained4 ,god's  
great idea would be seen to be complete2
 and ,he himself1 if we might so speak1 
after being grieved by the wickedness of
 the race1 would return again to the    
unruffled1 deep1 and ineffable          
satisfaction with which he was filled   
before the world was1 when1 anticipating
 the results of his creative energy1 8he
 rejoiced in the habitable parts of the 
earth1 ,,and ,,his ,,delights ,,were    

,,with ,,the ,,sons ,,of ,,men40        
,,practical ,,suggestions4   ,having    
thus filled up our originally projected 
outline of thought1 we shall rapidly    
conclude and consummate the argument by 
two or three practical suggestions4  #a4
 ,in the first place1 a few hints may   
not be inappropriate as to the spirit   
with which ,christians should           
contemplate the ,exhibition4 ,there are 
some prophets1 of these our times1 whose
 8scrolls0 in relation to the great     
event1 are filled with 8lamentation1    
mourning1 and woe40 ,they can see       
nothing1 in the thing itself1 but a     
gigantic display of pride and vain      
glory1--and they apprehend nothing1 from
 the meeting of the nations1 but mutual 
corruption1 prolonged riot1 and perhaps 
blood4 ,their favourite analogies are   
the ,tower of ,babel1 ,nebuchadnezzar's 
golden image1 or the ,devil tempting    
,christ by revealing on the mount 8all  
the kingdoms of the world and the glory 
of them10 or some such human or         

diabolical atrocities6 ,now it is a pity
 to give way to these dark              
imaginings2--to see nothing in our      
fellow-man but what is bad1 and to      
expect nothing from the hand of ,god but
 the thunderbolt of vengeance1 or the   
8vials of wrath60 ,it is far better1 far
 more becoming1 especially in those that
 believe that 8the earth is the ,lord's1
 and the fulness thereof2 the world1 and
 they that dwell therein10 to take      
healthy1 cheerful1 and hopeful views1 of
 the great event1--whose origin1 it is  
at least possible1 may have been good1  
and whose influence and results may be  
useful4 ,it ought by no means to be     
thought a self-evident thing1 that there
 is nothing in the multitude of minds   
and hearts1 which have all been engaged 
in perfecting the ,exhibition1 but      
selfish vanity and godless pride4 ,in   
many there may have been frequent and   
great thoughts of ,god1 devout humility1
 and earnest prayer for that blessing   
without which nothing can be successful4

 ,supplications may have gone up1 in    
various languages and from many lands1  
that ,god would direct and crown the    
work1 and cause it to promote his       
kingdom and glory2 and1 though the      
numbers may have been small1 who have   
thus sought to hallow and sanctify the  
project by prayer1 in comparison with   
those who are interested in it without  
devotion and without reference to the   
,divine blessing1 ,christians should    
remember1 that1 in a world like ours1   
living under mercy1 the very principle  
of the ,divine government is1 to bless  
one man through the medium of another1  
and even to bless the many for the sake 
of the few2--just as ten men of         
righteousness and of faith might have   
saved the cities of ,sodom and          
,gomorrah1 and as those that were saved1
 were saved on account of one such      
man1--for 8when the ,lord destroyed the 
cities of the plain1 he ,,remembered    
,,abraham1 and--sent ,lot out from the  
midst of the overthrow40 ,let           

,christians1 therefore1 have faith in   
one another4 ,let them believe that many
 as good as themselves are engaged in   
the ,exhibition1 and have devoutly      
sought for it the blessing of the ,most 
,high4 ,let others learn to do likewise4
 ,instead of indulging in forebodings   
and prophecies which1 being uttered1    
might fulfil themselves1 they should    
rather exercise trust in ,providence1   
indulge hope for the church and the     
world1 and earnestly endeavour to serve 
both1 by hearty1 honest1 and sincere    
intercession for all nations1 and for   
all men1--that that ,god1 who can make  
even 8the wrath of man to praise him10  
would educe praise and glory to         
,himself1 and much that shall be        
productive of happiness to men1 from    
what brings them together in peaceful   
intercourse1 and reminds them of their  
common relation to himself4 ,the        
8crisis0 of the world occurred when     
there was a gathering of strangers and  
foreigners in one place2--they were     

brought together at the time of the     
crucifixion1--they were assembled again 
at the wonders of ,pentecost1--and there
 can be no doubt that there was a       
designed coincidence on both occasions4 
,god has sanctified the meeting of      
numbers1 of 8men of every nation under  
heaven10--8,parthians and ,medes1 and   
,elamites1 and the dwellers in          
,mesopotamia1 and in ,juda1 and         
,cappadocia1 in ,pontus1 and ,asia1     
,phrygia and ,pamphylia1 in ,egypt1 and 
in the parts of ,libya1 about ,cyrene1  
and strangers of ,rome1 ,jews and       
proselytes1 ,cretes1 and                
,arabians10--,god has sanctified a      
gathering like this to his own          
purposes1--to the establishment of his  
kingdom and the spread of his truth2 and
 what he has done before he may do      
again2 and he will do it1 if ,christians
 devoutly and earnestly seek it1 by such
 a spirit of prayer1 as1 8loving all    
things1 and believing all things1 and   
hoping all things10 will crave at his   

hand a blessing for their brothers1 and 
crave it so that it cannot be denied4   
#bnd4 ,in visiting the ,exhibition1     
there are many sentiments which         
,christians might indulge as means of   
impression or improvement to themselves4
 ,it is hardly necessary1 after having  
gone through the foregoing argument1 to 
press upon the reader the duty of seeing
 and remembering ,god in all that will  
be displayed of the riches of nature and
 the products of art4 ,it is true1      
indeed1 that it is to be the ,exhibition
 of the ,industry of the ,nations1--that
 is1 it is1 in a manner1 to reveal and  
magnify ,,man by accumulating and       
displaying his wonderful works4 ,but    
there is a way of doing this1 that may  
be humble and religious1 and there is a 
way of regarding and of looking upon it1
 which may minister much to the health  
and nourishment of the divine life4 ,to 
think highly of what man is1 and to     
strengthen such thoughts by becoming    
familiar with what he has done1 may only

 make us think more wisely and          
wonderfully of ,god1 and more justly of 
the worth of the soul1 and of the       
importance of salvation to that nature  
whose capacities would seem to be so    
mysterious and so vast6 ,to think of man
 lying like a wreck on the outside of   
,eden1 naked and ignorant1 without a    
teacher and without tools1--his mind    
darkened1 his spirit depressed1--with   
understanding1 indeed1 and impulses and 
instincts to help him in his first      
efforts at labour1--a whole world of raw
 material under his foot1 the compass of
 the earth for the sphere of his        
achievements1 his head and hand the     
instruments of action1 but the one as   
yet without knowledge1 and the other    
equally without skill6 ,and then to     
think of what he has done6 ,how that    
poor1 solitary1 naked man1 beginning    
with some rude attempt at the           
cultivation of the earth and the        
collection of flocks1--seeking for      
himself and his dependent companion1 the

 mere supply of their animal wants1     
clothing of the coarsest1 unwoven and   
undressed1--with food unprepared and    
unpalatable1--and shelter that might be 
furnished by a few trees or a hole in a 
rock6 ,to think what he has become since
 then6 ,how one generation has improved 
upon another1 and how discovery and     
invention1 and labour and skill1 and    
industry and genius1 have covered the   
earth with a succession of wonders2 and 
then to think1 how a sort of            
representative epitome of these is to   
stand before us in the marvellous       
contents of the last and greatest wonder
 of the world6 ,that wonder will include
 specimen and proof of what man has done
 for himself and his dwelling-place1    
since he lay helpless on the margin of  
the earth1 like a ship-wrecked mariner  
that had got to shore1 but with the loss
 of all things4 ,guided and helped by   
the ,divine power1 but in a manner      
consistent with his intelligent nature1 
his free thought and personal agency1   

the mind of man was developed and       
enlarged1 society formed1 and arts and  
handicrafts1 science and letters1 rose  
and realized what history records1 and  
what modern civilization so wonderfully 
represents4 ,rock and forest1 earth and 
ocean1 animated nature in all its forms1
 everything placed around and beneath   
him1 supplied materials which he learned
 to employ for his convenience and use4 
,he covered the earth with towns and    
cities1 erected temples1 palaces1 and   
pyramids1--subdued the most stubborn of 
the beasts of the field1 tamed the most 
ferocious1 outstripped the swiftest1 and
 reduced the strongest to obedience and 
servitude4 ,he clothed himself in skins1
 in fur1 in flax1 in silk and           
wool1--gradually improving as he went   
on1 till fineness of fabric and elegance
 of design have become the property of  
the people at large4 ,he decorated and  
adorned his private abode1 and filled   
public buildings and public places with 
the creations of beauty and the triumphs

 of art4 ,he has crossed the ocean and  
sounded its depths2 he has penetrated   
the earth and drawn thence her concealed
 treasure2 he has interrogated nature1  
and obtained1 or forced from her1 the   
most astonishing replies2 he has soared 
into the heavens1 has counted1 weighed1 
and measured the stars2 he can foretell 
events with certainty and precision--the
 appearance of a comet1 or the          
occurrence of an eclipse2 he has made   
fire and water1 lightning and steam1 to 
do his bidding1--to transmit his        
messages1 transport his property1 carry 
himself1 lighten his labour1 and perform
 his work4 ,he has given to sound       
sentiment and eloquence1 and has made   
instruments of music that can subdue    
multitudes4 ,of all these achievements1 
and of a vast variety of other forms of 
skilfulness and power1 the ,great       
,exhibition will present the proofs1 and
 exhibit them in their latest and most  
perfect development4 ,and yet it is to  
be remarked1 that with all it will do1  

it will leave the greatest and the most 
wonderful of the works of man           
uncollected and unseen4 ,mechanical     
industry has its many marvels1--art and 
science their miraculous results2 but   
the highest form of the greatness of    
humanity is to be met with in books1--in
 the art that has given visibility to   
speech1 and permanent endurance to      
thought and emotion1--and in the        
thoughts and emotions of gifted minds1  
which1 in every age1 and in all lands1  
have adorned the race by the researches 
of the intellect1 the conflagrations of 
eloquence1 and the sublimities of song4 
,these things cannot be represented in  
the ,palace of ,industry2 and yet these 
are the things that belong to the       
highest regions of the mind2--to powers 
and faculties that more than anything   
else illustrate the inherent greatness  
of man2--that lead him to the           
contemplation of the right1 the divine1 
the beautiful and the good in action and
 character2--that render him capable of 

religious faith2--and that might make   
him a happy and virtuous intelligence if
 he were called to exist separate from  
the body1--without the feeling of       
physical necessities1 without a         
surrounding material world1 and without 
members to mould and fabricate1 and work
 up anything whatever in the way of mere
 mechanical dexterity4  ,now these      
thoughts1 and a thousand others of a    
kindred sort1 may all be indulged by a  
reflective man in visiting the          
,exhibition1--indulged devoutly1 and    
turned to eminent spiritual advantage4  
,every thing that man is seen to have   
achieved1--every proof of his sagacity  
and power1 his skill and                
performance--will only enhance1 in a    
thoughtful soul1 the impression of the  
wonderfulness of that nature which ,god 
originally made for himself1 which sin  
has degraded1 and which ,christ has     
redeemed4 ,the number of such proofs    
increasing the conception of the        
wonderfulness of the nature they so     

marvellously manifest1 will render the  
fact of redemption credible1--increasing
 the probability that ,god should       
interpose to recover and restore it4    
,and the great fact1 that1 after all    
that the grand pageant can do1 and in   
spite of the splendour and magnificence 
of its contents1 it will actually leave 
the most wonderful portion of the human 
mind unillustrated1 and incapable of    
illustration1--why1 this may well lead  
to the solemn remembrance of some of the
 most impressive of ,scriptural truths4 
8,what is a man profited1 if he shall   
gain the whole world and lose his own   
soul8 or what shall a man give in       
exchange for his soul80 8,all flesh is  
as grass1 and all the glory of man as   
the flower of grass2 the grass          
withereth1 the flower fadeth1 but the   
word of the ,lord endureth for ever2 and
 this is the word which by the gospel is
 preached unto you40 8,all these things 
shall be dissolved20 8the earth and all 
things that are therein shall be burned 

up1--but we1 according to his promise1  
look for new heavens and a new earth in 
which dwelleth righteousness40 ,and     
still further1 the fact of the          
exhibition of the half1 merely1 of the  
greatness of man by the works of his    
hands1 7and that the lesser and lower   
portion17 may suggest the analogy that  
there is in this1 with the manner of    
,god's discovery of himself4 ,he1 in his
 works1 has revealed and illustrated his
 wisdom and power1 goodness and         
beneficence1 and1 to the eye of reason1 
these are largely reflected there2--but 
the manifestation of his moral          
attributes1 his justice and love1       
compassion and mercy1 is made to faith  
in the gospel of his ,son2 and however  
most men may be alive to the first1 and 
blind or insensible to the second of    
these discoveries1 there are beings in  
the universe who are intent on the      
higher exhibitions of ,god1--just as    
there are devout and meditative men who 
will gaze on the wonders of the ,palace 

of ,industry only to be reminded of the 
spiritual and immortal of human nature1 
which the edifice with its marvels will 
do little to illustrate6 ,heaven has its
 8fulness0 as well as earth4 ,that      
fulness is 8the fulness of              
,christ20--his sufferings on earth and  
the glory that is to follow4 ,this is   
called 8the unsearchable riches40 ,in   
the mystery of redemption are 8hid10 or 
lie embodied1 8all the treasures of     
wisdom and knowledge10--the higher forms
 of ,god's manifestation of himself to  
his creatures4 8,into ,,these ,,things  
the angels desire to look40 ,and they do
 this in exact conformity with the      
,divine purpose in the revelation of    
himself in this the greatest of his     
works1 for it was set forth1 8,,to ,,the
 ,,intent that unto the principalities  
and powers in heavenly places1 might be 
made known by the church the manifold   
wisdom of ,god40  #crd4 ,but ,british   
,christians have a great and solemn     
lesson to learn from the view that we   

have taken1 in this discussion1 of their
 language to the world4 ,if it be so1   
that we profess as a nation1 and utter  
openly in the hearing of all men1 the   
truths that have been illustrated1 then1
 also1 ought it to be felt1 that we lie 
under the most binding and imperative   
obligations to exemplify the duties     
which have been explained and enforced4 
,it becomes us to cultivate the devout  
and practical recognition of ,god2 to   
keep his ,sabbaths2 to wait upon him in 
worship2 to approach him through        
,christ1 that we may do so acceptably2  
to 8live in the spirit10 that 8we may   
not fulfil the lusts of the flesh20 8to 
walk in the spirit10 that our daily     
virtue may be divine holiness4 ,it is   
well 8to hold forth the word of truth10 
and to witness for ,god1 for the gospel1
 and for righteousness1 in the sight of 
the nations2 but it must be done        
practically as well as by               
profession1--by conduct in harmony with 
the articles of our creed1--or our      

testimony will expose us to ridicule and
 rebuke1 and may provoke by its mockery 
the vengeance of the ,most ,high4 ,let  
,england beware1 that it do not itself1 
amidst the blaze and glory of the ,great
 ,exhibition1 forget the truth and the  
lessons taught by it1 that 8the earth is
 the ,lord's1 and the fulness thereof40 
,let it beware1 8lest1 being lifted up  
with pride1 it fall into the            
condemnation of the devil40 ,it is a    
terrible thing not to give ,god the     
glory of our achievements2--8to         
sacrifice to our own net1 and to burn   
incense to our own drag40 ,it was when  
the king's heart was lifted up with     
pride1 and when he said to himself1 8,is
 not this ,great ,babylon that ,i have  
built10--it was then that ,god smote him
 from on high1 seared his intellect1 and
 sent him to herd with unintelligent    
natures6 ,england is first in the       
commerce of the world2 her 8merchant    
princes0 are the nobles of civilization2
 her markets and manufactures have      

decked her with beauty and made her     
great2--but it would be well for her to 
remember1 that it was just such a       
country that1 in ancient times1 had her 
magnificence described with the greatest
 minuteness by ,god's prophets1 but     
described to illustrate the extent of   
her ingratitude1 the aggravations of her
 sin1 and the certainty and completeness
 of her predicted destruction4 ,it was  
fearfully realized4 ,the glory of ,tyre 
was swept away1 and her place became    
bare as the top of a rock1 on which the 
fisherman might spread out his net to   
the sun6 ,it might be well1 too1 to     
remember1 that the prophetic description
 in the book of the ,apocalypse1 of the 
,babylon that is to fall in some yet    
future judgment of ,god1 is the         
description of a commercial and maritime
 city1 over which the merchants of the  
earth mourn and lament 8because her     
judgment hath come1 and no man buyeth   
her merchandise any more40 ,that these  
instances should neither be type nor    

prophecy of ,britain1 she must take care
 to walk by the light of her own        
creed--that 8the earth is the ,lord's1  
and the fulness thereof10--and according
 to all the devotion and humility and   
practical righteousness that this would 
inculcate4 ,it is well with a people    
when their garners are full and their   
flocks prolific2--when their sons are as
 plants grown up in their youth1 and    
their daughters as polished marble      
columns2 when there is no political     
convulsion in the land1 and no          
complaining of poverty in their streets4
 8,happy is the people that is in such a
 case20 but happier they 8,,whose ,,god 
,,is ,,the ,,lord40  #dth4 ,trusting    
that1 as a people1 we are not altogether
 inattentive to what has been described1
 let us learn1 in conclusion1 the value 
we should attach to the blessing of our 
characteristic and national             
,christianity4 ,we do not mean1 the     
forms or peculiarities of any           
church2--the secondary distinctions1    

that may have their importance1 as the  
separate testimonies to a particular    
truth prominently held by different     
members of the ,protestant family4 ,we  
refer to our ,,evangelical              
,,protestantism itself1 which is        
substantially the same throughout our   
many sects1 and which is held and       
taught1 with more or less clearness1 by 
all the influential ,denominations in   
the land4 ,to this1 under ,god1 we owe  
our free political constitution1 our    
civil rights1 and our religious liberty2
 to this we are indebted for the power  
we are at present exercising and using  
in the face of the world1--the power of 
throwing our metropolis open to the     
nations1--receiving them all1 without   
passports1 and with hardly a precaution1
 to our streets and squares1 our court  
and senate1 our families and our homes4 
,we have no fear that our soldiers will 
be corrupted1 or our population         
seduced2--we apprehend nothing of injury
 to our faith1 or of temptation to our  

loyalty4 ,our press will be as free1 our
 minds as unfettered1 our comments on   
men and measures as outspoken1 as if    
none were our daily audience but        
ourselves4 ,to impress the moral of all 
this on the mind of the reader1 and on  
our own1 we might do it1 perhaps1 most  
effectively1 by putting it in the form  
of a friendly address to a reflective   
foreigner1 who might be looking with    
wonder on the phenomena around him4     
8,stranger10 we might say1 8you have    
looked with surprise on our industry and
 commerce1 our trade and manufactures2  
you have seen in our equipages the signs
 of our wealth2 and1 in other ways1 how 
opulence and comfort are diffused among 
our people2 you have been impressed with
 the many proofs of our intelligence1   
and have wondered1 perhaps1 most of all1
 at the liberty we enjoy and the loyalty
 we cherish4 ,you have seen ,a ,,queen  
honoured and beloved2--and her ,royal   
,consort taking the lead1 not in reviews
 of military pomp1 or only in the parade

 of magnificent hospitalities2 but in   
presiding over the displays of peaceful 
industry1 and welcoming the             
representatives of science and art4 ,you
 have seen the multitudes that crowd to 
our churches1 and wondered at the       
comparative quiet of our sabbaths4      
,know1 therefore1 that for all this1 and
 for far more that is unseen1 we are    
indebted to the glorious inheritance of 
our faith2--our ,,open ,,bible1 our     
conscientious inquiry1 our habits of    
worship1 and our religious instructors4 
,we have much amongst us of which it    
becomes us to think with shame2--much of
 which it is impossible to speak but in 
moderated phrase1 and even with         
tears2--but if there is anything that   
has raised thy admiration1 or inflamed  
thy curiosity1--anything in our general 
reverence for law1 in our political     
moderation1 our civil order1--our       
respect for rank1 combined with our     
individual consciousness of personal    
manhood2 if there is anything that shows

 that our morals are not debased1 or our
 manners frivolous1 or our habits       
sordid1 or our minds enslaved by the    
gross and the voluptuous1--carry away   
with thee the certainty and conviction1 
that everything that may be good about  
us as a people1 we owe to our possession
 of that ,,one ,,book1--to our mode of  
interpreting1 and our constancy in      
teaching it1--which tells us to         
acknowledge1--and1 by ,god's blessing1  
helps us to act1 however imperfectly1 on
 the practical belief1--that despotism  
and priestcraft1 anarchy and disorder1  
pride and oppression1 vanity and        
selfishness1 lawlessness and wrong1 are 
all alike disobedience to ,god and      
injurious to his creatures1 ,,for       
#8,,the ,,earth ,,is ,,the ,,lord',s1   
,,and ,,the ,,fulness ,,thereof2 ,,the  
,,world1 ,,and ,,they ,,that ,,dwell    
,,therein4'0     ,,postscript4          
,postscript4  ,,the ,,exhibition        
,,opened4   ,the first of ,may1 eighteen
 hundred and fifty-one1 was a day to be 

remembered to all time6 ,on it the      
nations of the earth combined together  
to 8make history10 in a manner they had 
never done before2--in one also1 which1 
in its prominent peculiarity1 can never 
be repeated4 ,there may be similar      
,exhibitions in future periods of the   
world's progress1 but the first can     
never be again4 ,even respecting those  
which may be imagined to occur1 although
 they may be distinguished by new       
features and characteristics of their   
own1 and though these may1 in some      
respects1 surpass those of the one now  
opened1 they cannot be anticipated with 
that depth of interest1 nor excite by   
their inauguration those profound       
emotions1 which preceded and            
distinguished the sublime event which   
has just taken place4 ,the preceding    
pages were written in the prospect of   
that event1 and were intended to appear 
before its occurrence4 ,the author      
cannot regret1 however1 that            
circumstances interfered with the       

fulfilment of his purpose1 since to this
 he is indebted for the opportunity of  
adding a supplementary section to his   
little work1 commemorative of the grand 
and magnificent ceremonial of which he  
was privileged to be a spectator4  ,it  
is not the writer's intention to attempt
 to describe the opening of the         
,exhibition1 with all that minuteness of
 detail in respect to what occurred in  
the interior of the structure1--or with 
those stirring delineations of the      
bustle and excitement1 the lines of     
carriages and congregated crowds1 that  
imparted animation to the scene         
without1--which have already been       
furnished by the public prints4 ,he     
merely wishes to note a few things which
 were interesting or suggestive to his  
own mind1 and especially such as were   
felt to be in harmony with the spirit   
and object of the present volume4  ,it  
was his good fortune to obtain          
admittance into the ,palace of          
,industry1 on the memorable morning of  

the first of ,may1 before the gates were
 opened to the public4 ,he had traversed
 it frequently during the previous      
weeks1 and had seen it in various stages
 of its progress4 ,one morning1 in      
,march1 he was there so early1 that     
while walking along its galleries he    
observed that he was the only visitor   
upon them at that moment4 ,few of the   
counters were then erected1 hardly any  
of the articles unpacked2--the wide     
spaces and vast dimensions of the       
wonderful structure spread before him in
 clear and unobstructed                 
perspective2--there was something1 too1 
of solitariness in his position1 though 
multitudes of workmen were occupied     
below1 above1 and around him2--the whole
 scene1 from its simple magnitude1 was  
inexpressibly sublime2 it stirred within
 him thoughts and feelings which were   
not1 indeed1 8too deep for tears10 but  
which could only find utterance and     
relief in their indulgence2 while1 as he
 passed on1 and for the first time saw  

the compartments of the different       
countries1 and read the names of the    
various nations that were preparing to  
stand1 side by side1 in peaceful        
rivalry1--his emotions deepened to an   
intensity which it was difficult to     
bear1 and which cannot be described6 ,he
 was in the building1 also1 for some    
time1 three days before the opening1 and
 could then form some idea of what would
 be the number and variety of its       
contents2 though so much1 even at that  
late period1 remained to be done1 that  
he wondered how it would be possible for
 the preparations to be finished by the 
time appointed4 ,as1 however1 he walked 
into the transept1 when that time had   
come1--approached the centre1--and      
looked along the naves stretching to    
such an extent on either side1--it was  
not without a feeling of admiration and 
surprise1 mingled with something of     
solemnity and awe1 that he looked on the
 splendid and gorgeous spectacle that   
stood revealed in all its completeness6 

,the mere material scene was sublime    
when beheld by itself1--empty1 and      
comparatively still2 but much more      
impressive and affecting was it1 when   
filled with its immense multitude of    
spectators4 ,there was much that was    
stirring in the sight of the rush and   
inundation of the crowd1 as it kept     
flowing in1 in vast waves1 at every     
opening2 and much that was impressive   
when the noise and murmur of its        
movements had subsided1--when all had   
found or had been forced into their     
places1--and when floor and gallery1 and
 every part that the eye could reach1   
was seen to be occupied by human        
beings1--by an assembly larger than any 
that had ever1 in ,england1 been        
congregated before under one roof1--and 
by one that had met for an object1 and  
under circumstances1 unparalleled in the
 annals of the world6  ,men see in all  
external events and objects1 what the   
light that is in them reveals4 ,things  
are1 to us1 what we are to them4 ,he    

that visits foreign countries1 brings   
back according to what he takes4 ,the   
same sight may be a very different thing
 to two different persons1 in proportion
 as they may differ in knowledge1 in    
opinion1 in taste1 in sympathies4 ,the  
eye of a clown may look on a prospect   
that in some souls would produce rapture
 or occasion tears1 with hardly more    
intelligence than that of the ox that he
 drives before him4 ,the outside of     
things is open to all2 their inner      
significance is revealed only to those  
who have an inner eye to read it2 and   
even such significance may be           
differently interpreted according as the
 eye is influenced and affected by the  
degree of intelligence1 the tendencies1 
and the tastes of the inward man to whom
 it belongs4 ,it is quite possible that 
some may see nothing in the great       
,exhibition but an ordinary1 though     
enormous1 fancy bazaar2 and that others 
saw nothing in the ceremonial of the    
opening but a state pageant1 court      

dresses1 and an immense crowd of men and
 women6 ,it is quite possible1 too1 that
 some of the incidents of the day1 which
 appeared to us touching in themselves1 
or pregnant with meaning1 were indebted 
for this to the capricious activity of  
our own fancy1 as well as to their      
inherent beauty or significance4 ,but1  
however this may have been1 there       
certainly were some things that we felt 
to be deeply interesting as they        
occurred1 and remarkably suggestive as  
illustrating the character and          
tendencies of the event4 ,we shall not  
attempt to recall all that struck us at 
the time2 but a few words may not be    
amiss on what immediately bore1 or      
appeared to us to bear1 on some of the  
topics of this book4  ,on getting a     
sight of the catalogue of the           
,exhibition1--which we did before       
entering the interior of the            
building1--we were gratified to find on 
the cover and the title-page3           
8,,the ,,earth ,,is ,,the ,,lord',s1    

,,and ,,all ,,that ,,therein ,,is2      
,,the ,,compass ,,of ,,the ,,world1     
,,and ,,they ,,that ,,dwell ,,therein40 
,we were aware that this was to be the  
,english motto1 and that two ,latin ones
 had also been selected4 ,we were glad  
to find the ,divine sentence placed     
where it was1 and placed by itself2 that
 it stood1 as it were1 in front of the  
,nations as they joined one another1 and
 moved towards the great point of       
attraction2 that it faced them1 and     
spoke as with the voice of an oracle2   
that while the words of men occupied    
their proper subordinate position behind
 those of the book of ,god--out of      
sight--needing1 as it were1 to be sought
 for1 and found1 and solicited to       
announce themselves1--these stood in    
their solitary majesty1 revealing       
themselves by their own light1 claiming 
to speak as having a right to be heard1 
and authoritatively announcing to the   
diversified tribes and peoples of the   
earth1 and to every visitant of the     

palace of wonders1 ,whose they          
themselves were1 and to whom belonged   
all they saw4  ,this volume was written 
and in the press before we were aware   
that the inscription on the ,exchange   
was to be the motto of the ,exhibition2 
otherwise1 the natural course would have
 been1 to have taken the words in their 
latter use rather than the former1 and  
thus to have expounded and illustrated  
what ,england actually does say to      
herself and the nations through the     
medium of the event which is bringing   
them together4 ,when we first heard of  
what was to be the ,english motto of the
 catalogue1 we were exceedingly disposed
 to wish it could be given in the words 
of the authorized version 7those on the 
,exchange7 8,the earth is the ,lord's1  
and the fulness thereof10 instead of    
those of the translation in the         
,prayer-book1 8,the earth is the        
,lord's1 and all that therein is40 ,on  
further reflection1 however1 we are     
willing to think1 that while the two    

expressions are substantially the same1 
there is just that shade of difference  
between them that fits each for its     
respective position2 8the fulness of the
 earth0 being most appropriate to a     
commercial edifice1--8all that therein  
is0 to an industrial exhibition4        
,however this may be1 it was to us1 as  
may be supposed1 a gratifying           
circumstance that the first sight that  
met our eye1 on the very threshold1 or  
in the porch of the ,palace of          
,industry1 while making our way to the  
opening ceremonial1 was that which      
assured us1 that the words whose import 
we had been endeavouring to illustrate  
in 8a book for the ,exhibition10 were to
 lie beneath the eye1 and to address    
themselves to the reason and the        
religious consciousness1 of every       
individual by whom it would be visited4 
,the recognition of ,god1 in connexion  
with the ,exhibition1 has always marked 
the references to it of its most        
distinguished promoter4 ,the religious  

services on the day of the opening were 
solemn and appropriate1 and seemed at   
once to crown and sanctify the work4 8,i
 confidently hope10--said his ,royal    
,highness1 ,prince ,albert1 at the      
banquet at the ,mansion-house1 in honour
 of the undertaking1--8,i confidently   
hope1 that the first impression which   
the view of this vast collection will   
produce upon the spectator1 will be that
 of deep thankfulness to the ,almighty  
for the blessings which he has bestowed 
upon us here below40 ,it was a most     
impressive sight1 on the opening of the 
splendid spectacle thus anticipated1 to 
see some twenty-five or thirty thousand 
people1 all under the influence of a    
sentiment of reverence1 deeply calm1    
serious1 and still1 uniting in an act of
 solemn devotion1 while the highest     
ecclesiastical dignitary in the land1   
standing by the side of our august      
sovereign1 who seemed to bow in humility
 before the footstool of ,him who is    
8the ,king of kings10 expressed in a    

manner the most appropriate1 the 8deep  
thankfulness0 of the vast assembly 8for 
the blessings which the ,almighty has   
bestowed upon us10 and acknowledged ,him
 in the riches of nature and the wonders
 of art with which the edifice was      
filled6 ,every reader will probably have
 seen the prayer to which we thus refer4
 ,it seems1 however1 not inappropriate  
to give it a place in these pages2 the  
more so as its sentiments are so in     
harmony with many of those we have been 
attempting to express4 ,it was as       
follows3  8,almighty and everlasting    
,god1 who dost govern all things both in
 heaven and in earth1 without whom      
nothing is strong1 nothing is holy1     
accept1 we beseech ,thee1 the sacrifice 
of praise and thanksgiving1 and receive 
these our prayers which we offer up unto
 ,thee this day on behalf of the kingdom
 and people of this land4 ,we           
acknowledge1 ,o ,lord1 that ,thou hast  
multiplied on us blessings which ,thou  
mightest most justly have withheld4 ,we 

acknowledge that it is not because of   
works of righteousness which we have    
done1 but of ,thy great mercy1 that we  
are permitted to come before ,thee with 
the voice of thanksgiving1 and that     
instead of humbling us for our offences1
 ,thou hast given us cause to thank     
,thee for ,thine abundant goodness4 ,and
 now1 ,o ,lord1 we beseech ,thee to     
bless the work which ,thou hast enabled 
us to begin1 and to regard with ,thy    
favour our purpose of knitting together 
in the bonds of peace and concord the   
different nations of the earth2 for with
 ,thee1 ,o ,lord1 is the preparation of 
the heart in man4 ,of ,thee it cometh   
that violence is not heard in our land1 
wasting nor destruction within its      
borders4 ,it is of ,thee1 ,o ,lord1 that
 nations do not lift up the sword       
against each other nor learn war any    
more2 it is of ,thee that peace is      
within our walls and plenteousness      
within our palaces2 it is of ,thee that 
knowledge is increased throughout the   

world1 for the spirit of man is from    
,thee1 and the inspiration of the       
,almighty giveth him understanding4     
,therefore1 ,o ,lord1 not unto us1 not  
unto us1 but unto ,thy name be all the  
praise4 ,while we survey the works of   
art and industry which surround us1 let 
not our hearts be lifted up that we     
forget the ,lord our ,god1 as if our own
 power and the might of our hands had   
gotten in this wealth4 ,teach us ever to
 remember that all this store which we  
have prepared cometh of ,thine hand and 
is all ,thine own4 ,both riches and     
honour come of ,thee1 and thou reignest 
over all4 ,in ,thine hand it is to make 
great and to give strength unto all4    
,now1 therefore1 ,o ,god1 we thank      
,thee2 we praise ,thee and intreat ,thee
 so to overrule this assembly of many   
nations1 that it may tend to the        
advancement of ,thy glory1 to the       
diffusion of ,thy ,holy ,word1 to the   
increase of general prosperity1 by      
promoting peace and goodwill among the  

different races of mankind4 ,let the    
many mercies which we receive from ,thee
 dispose our hearts to serve ,thee more 
faithfully1 who art the ,author and     
,giver of them all4 ,and finally1 ,o    
,lord1 teach us so to use those earthly 
blessings which ,thou givest us richly  
to enjoy1 that they may not withdraw our
 affections from those heavenly things  
which ,thou hast prepared for those that
 love and serve ,thee1 through the      
merits and mediation of ,thy ,son ,jesus
 ,christ our ,lord1 to whom1 with ,thee 
and the ,holy ,ghost1 be all honour and 
glory40  ,prince ,albert1 after having1 
in the words above quoted1 expressed his
 hope respecting the religious          
impression to be produced by the        
,exhibition1 proceeded to say that he   
trusted its second lesson would be1 8the
 conviction0 that the full enjoyment of 
the blessings of ,providence 8could be  
realized only in proportion to the help 
we are prepared to render to each other2
 therefore only by peace1 love1 and     

ready assistance1 not only between      
individuals1 but between the ,nations of
 the earth40 ,the opening ceremonial of 
the first of ,may1 was an impressive    
commentary on this sentiment4 ,within   
the same building were congregated the  
representatives of many nations1 and    
people from every quarter of the globe4 
,all met and mingled together in perfect
 harmony1 and seemed at once disposed to
 regard each other with fraternal       
cordiality1 and to be pervaded and      
possessed by those sentiments which are 
nourished and developed by the sunlight 
of love4 ,everybody seemed bright2      
good-humoured2 happy2 willing to please 
and to be pleased6 ,it was as if all the
 world had met to celebrate the arrival 
or reign of universal concord4 ,the     
,palace of ,industry was the ,temple of 
,peace4 ,there were some military       
uniforms1 and a few soldiers here and   
there1 but no one thought of fighting6  
,it was not a battle1--it was not even a
 review4 ,it was not ,war when merely   

making a holiday2 showing himself off in
 his fine clothes to a gaping multitude1
 and startling or amusing them by his   
gigantic sport4 ,a little boy--a child  
of some five or six years old--while we 
were all waiting for the coming of the  
,queen1 got away from his mother1 or    
sister1 ran into the midst of the       
central crowd of dignitaries and        
diplomatists1 walked up the steps of the
 platform on which was the chair of     
state1 turned round and stood looking   
about happy and delighted1 and then went
 back again to the cover of the wing    
from which he had escaped6 ,the whole   
thing showed such a sense of            
security1--such a feeling in the boy    
that there was nothing to frighten him  
or to hurt him there1--that he appeared 
like an impersonation of the spirit of  
the place4 ,he could not have done or   
felt as he did in any assembly of thirty
 thousand people that ever met in the   
world before within the same walls4     
,such assemblages there have been1 and  

larger1--but they met for purposes of   
cruelty and blood1--to see men fight    
with beasts or with each other4 ,in the 
,crystal ,palace is mirrored1 we trust1 
the dawn at least of the predicted day1 
when 8the wolf shall dwell with the     
lamb1 and the leopard shall lie down    
with the kid2 and the calf and the young
 lion and the fatling together2 ,,and ,a
 ,,little ,,child ,,shall ,,lead        
,,them40  ,then there was to be seen for
 some time in apparently friendly       
conversation1 the ,iron ,duke and the   
,lancashire cotton-spinner2--,wellington
 and ,cobden2--the man of war and the   
apostle of peace6 ,it was a suggestive  
sight4 ,the old soldier did a great and 
necessary work in his day4 ,by his      
decisive stroke at the battle of        
,waterloo1 he terminated the protracted 
contentions of ,europe1 and gave to us1 
as a nation1 a peace that has continued 
for thirty-five years4 ,to that         
prolonged peace1 we are in a great      
measure indebted for the ,exhibition of 

,industry4 ,it would not have been      
improper1 therefore1 if1 while looking  
on the scene he had lived to witness1--a
 scene that glorified his own           
eighty-second birthday1 and which was so
 different from all that he had been    
familiar with in his youth1--it would   
not have been improper if the military  
veteran had felt that there was a       
connexion between what he saw and what  
he had done4 ,than he1 we believe1 there
 is no one more aware of the horrors of 
war1 or who would more bitterly lament  
its necessity2--and though he can hardly
 be expected to think ,peace ,societies 
the sole or best defence of a nation1 it
 is not to be doubted that he would     
welcome 8permanent and universal peace10
 and that he rejoices in an enterprise  
that may help to secure it4 ,there they 
were1 then1--two representative and     
typical men2--side by side2--talking    
like brothers6 ,there they were2--the   
one the monument of a past age1--the    
other the personal prophecy of a coming 

one4 ,the one the chronicle of bygone   
times1 when nations thought themselves  
8natural enemies10 and men knew of no   
arbiter but the sword2--the other the   
advocate of another arbitration1 and the
 apostle of the industrial intercourse  
of the world4 ,the one was old1--the    
other young4 ,let us hope that this1    
too1 was a type of the principles they  
respectively represented2--that that of 
appealing and trusting to the sword1 is 
past its vigour and is falling into     
decay1--while that of uniting by mutual 
benefits1 and of superseding the        
arguments of brute force by those of    
reason and love1 is in its prime and    
manhood1 and has before it a long period
 of service4 ,there are a few specimens 
of cannon in the ,exhibition1 but there 
are far more of agricultural            
instruments4 ,the time will come when   
none of the former will find their place
 in any collection of the works of      
8,industry10--except1 it may be1 some   
that shall be preserved as curious1     

though sad and humiliating1 relics of a 
former age4 8,weapons of war0 are       
destined to disappear1 and to give place
 to the engine and the compass1--the    
press and the tool-chest1--the plough   
and the pruning-hook6  ,the incidents   
thus referred to1 were felt to be       
suggestive of many thoughts in harmony  
with the sentiment last quoted from the 
speech of ,prince ,albert4 ,that        
sentiment1 however1 received ampler     
illustration by what was seen on the    
reading of the address of the           
,commissioners to her ,majesty1--by the 
closing language of that address        
itself1--and by her ,majesty's reply4   
,the procession that approached the     
throne for the presentation of the      
address1 consisted not only of          
,englishmen headed by the ,consort of   
the ,sovereign1 but of the foreign      
representatives of twenty-six different 
nations1 states1 or kingdoms4 ,these1   
for the time1 were all ,,one2--one      
body1--filled with one sentiment1       

pervaded1 as it were1 by one soul2--and 
they all united in uttering through     
their common head1 in the name of their 
several countries1 and in the presence  
of a multitude almost as mixed and      
multifarious as themselves1 the         
following words3--  8,it is our         
heartfelt prayer that this undertaking1 
which has for its end the promotion of  
all branches of human industry1 and the 
strengthening of the bonds of peace and 
friendship ,,among ,,all ,,nations ,,of 
,,the ,,earth1 may1 by the blessing of  
,divine ,providence1 conduce to the     
welfare of your ,majesty's people1 and  
be long remembered among the brightest  
circumstances of your ,majesty's        
peaceful and happy reign40  ,it was a   
great thing to see the representatives  
of ,austria and ,denmark1 ,france and   
,belgium1 ,prussia and ,germany1 ,russia
 and ,rome1 ,spain and ,portugal1       
,turkey and ,tuscany1 the ,united       
,states1 ,tunis1 ,sardinia1 ,greece1 and
 of many other lands1 joining together  

in the expression of a common hope1 and 
the utterance of a united prayer1 that  
what they were doing might 8strengthen  
the bonds of peace and friendship among 
all the nations of the earth20 and to   
think1 too1 that they did this1 not only
 in their own names1 and in those of    
their respective countries1 but in the  
name of all lands and peoples in the    
world that might have any contribution  
in the ,exhibition1 whether they had    
personal representatives among the      
,commissioners or not4 ,the closing     
paragraph of her ,majesty's reply echoed
 the closing sentiment of the           
address1--a sentiment that came to her  
like an utterance from the heart of     
universal humanity6 ,it was an          
over-powering sight1 by the way1--that  
of one so young1 elevated in the midst  
of so vast a multitude1 and virtually   
receiving the homage of so many nations3
      8,a wondrous sceptre 'tis to bear2
       ,strange mystery of ,god which   
set       ,upon her brow yon coronet1-- 

,the foremost crown     ,of all the     
earth on one so fair6       ,that chose 
her to it from her birth1       ,and    
bade the sons of all the earth          
,to her bow down40  ,although the       
closing passage in her ,majesty's speech
 is that to which we confine our        
attention1 as the speech itself is very 
brief1 we give it entire3  8,i receive  
with the greatest satisfaction the      
address which you have presented to me  
on the opening of this ,exhibition4  8,i
 have observed with a warm and          
increasing interest the progress of your
 proceedings in the execution of the    
duties intrusted to you by the ,royal   
,commission2 and it affords me sincere  
gratification to witness the successful 
result of your judicious and unremitting
 exertions in ,,the ,,splendid          
,,spectacle by which ,i am this day     
surrounded4  8,i cordially concur with  
you in the prayer1 that by ,god's       
blessing this undertaking may conduce to
 the welfare of my people1 and to the   

common interests of the human race1 by  
encouraging the arts of peace and       
industry1 strengthening the bonds of    
union among the nations of the earth1   
and promoting a friendly and honourable 
rivalry in the useful exercise of those 
faculties which have been conferred by a
 beneficent ,providence for the good and
 the happiness of mankind40  ,but we    
must draw to a close4 ,there were many  
other incidents on which we could       
willingly linger1 as illustrative of the
 views we had always indulged of the    
character and tendencies of the great   
experiment4 ,the union in one edifice of
 such an unprecedented number of human  
beings1 was itself a most imposing and  
magnificent spectacle4 ,the ,queen      
appeared to feel this4 ,as she stood in 
a position to command a view of the vast
 spaces of the building1 all of which   
were densely filled1 she seemed         
impressed with a sense of awe at the    
sublime spectacle1 and could not help1  
even during the reading of the address  

of the ,commissioners1 partially        
withdrawing her attention from them1 to 
steal a glance at 8the splendid         
spectacle by which she was surrounded40 
,that spectacle1 however1 partook of the
 tender1 the beautiful1 and the domestic
 even1 as well as the sublime4 ,into it1
 the ,queen and her illustrious ,consort
 came1 each leading by the hand one of  
their children6 ,up and down1 through   
and amongst that mass of people1 they   
moved together in the same manner4 ,pomp
 and state were in some degree laid     
aside1 and the sovereign1 for the time1 
seemed to have become one with the      
people4 ,she was received with          
affection1 as well as loyalty2 and      
appeared to enjoy and to acknowledge her
 reception1 not so much as a crowned    
,queen1 as a happy woman1 an elated     
wife1 and a loving mother6 ,it must have
 been the most wonderful hour in the    
whole life of ,prince ,albert1--that    
hour of the opening of the              
,exhibition6--intense must have been the

 feelings with which he looked on the   
realization of his great idea2 the end  
of so much anxiety2 the commencement of 
the harvest of so much hope6 ,everything
 was propitious4 ,the sun in the heavens
 shone down upon the scene with unwonted
 brightness1 as if ,he who 8sits in the 
centre0 thereof1 approved the           
undertaking and blessed it from on high4
 ,there was not an accident of any      
sort1--nothing for one moment to excite 
alarm1 to produce panic1 or occasion    
apprehension in the mind of the         
assembly4 ,in spite of the tens of      
thousands that filled it1 in no part of 
the edifice was there crack or strain1  
the indication of weakness1 or any sign 
of insecurity4 ,the outdoor crowds1     
instead of being disposed to rudeness or
 riot1 or capable of being excited to   
tumult and rebellion 7671 would seem to 
have been more than usually pacific2 a  
sort of restraint appears to have been  
upon the worst even of those who        
congregate on such occasions2 for1 on   

the following day1 there were no cases  
of either quarrels or robberies such as 
ordinarily attend state pageants and    
civic processions4 ,the royal ,patrons  
of peace and industry retired from the  
scene in which they had developed a new 
phase of royalty1 and read a new lesson 
to kings1 amid the benedictions and     
prayers of the multitude with whom they 
had met and mingled4 ,they could not but
 retire happy and glad2 grateful to ,god
 for what they had witnessed1 and what  
they had done2 and1 in the fulness of   
their emotions of devout thankfulness1  
like ,david1 perhaps1 8returned home to 
bless their household40 ,as it is not   
likely that anything will occasion a    
greater gathering of the populace in the
 parks1 in connexion with the           
,exhibition1 and as the ceremony of the 
opening has given such a glow of        
cheerfulness and confidence to the      
public mind1 it is to be hoped that the 
many prophecies and prognostications of 
evil1 which some have indulged in1 will 

now cease1 and that all will unite1 by  
cordial sympathy with the great object1 
and fervent prayer to ,almighty ,god1 to
 seek the realization of those peaceful1
 patriotic1 and world-wide results1     
which many of the wise and good hope    
that 8the ,great ,exhibition0 may be an 
instrument in the hand of ,providence to
 secure1 and which as ,englishmen1      
,christians1 and lovers of our kind1 we 
ought all constantly and earnestly to   
pursue4 ,in this way1 every devout man  
may help to hasten that anticipated     
,,future1 some of the general           
characteristics of which we have        
endeavoured to deduce from the          
,scriptural motto on the books of the   
,exhibition4 ,of that period a pregnant 
and impressive type was presented in the
 opening ceremonial1 when1 in the       
bearing of all the nations of the earth1
 representatively present in the        
spacious edifice1 there rose up1--to the
 praise and glory of that ,god1 8whose  
is the earth and the fulness thereof1   

the world and they that dwell therein10 
and to whom we are indebted not only for
 8all the blessings of this life10 but  
for 8the means of grace1 and the hope of
 glory10--the grand1 solemn1 prophetic  
song1--      8,hallelujah6 for the ,lord
 ,god omnipotent reigneth4     ,the     
kingdoms of this world are become the   
kingdoms of our ,lord and       of his  
,christ2 and ,he shall reign for ever   
and ever4     ,king of kings1 and ,lord 
of lords4 ,hallelujah60  ,with the      
following stanzas1 descriptive of the   
different parts of the scene thus       
reviewed1 we here close our pleasant    
labour3  ,,the ,,gathering ,,of ,,the   
,,nations4      8,a peaceful place it   
was but now1       ,and lo6 within its  
shining streets       ,a multitude of   
nations meets3                     ,a   
countless throng      ,i see beneath the
 crystal bow1       ,and ,gaul and      
,german1 ,russ and ,turk1       ,each   
with his native handiwork               
,and busy tongue4      ,i felt a thrill 

of love and awe       ,to mark the      
different garb of each1       ,the      
changing tongue1 the various speech     
,together blent4     ,a thrill1         
methinks1 like ,his who saw       8,all 
people dwelling upon earth              
,praising our ,god with solemn mirth    
,and one consent40  ,,the ,,prayer4     
8,high ,sovereign in your ,royal state6 
,captains and ,chiefs and ,councillors1 
,before the lofty palace doors          
,are open set1     ,hush6 ere you pass  
the shining gate2       ,hush6 ere the  
heaving curtain draws1       ,and let   
the ,royal pageant pause                
,a moment yet4      ,people and ,prince 
a silence keep6       ,bow coronet and  
kingly crown1       ,helmet and plume   
bow lowly down2                     ,the
 while the priest      ,before the      
splendid portal step1       ,while still
 the wondrous banquet stays1       ,from
 ,heaven supreme a blessing prays       
,upon the feast60      '''      8,behold
 her in her ,royal place3       ,a      

gentle lady--and the hand       ,that   
sways the sceptre of this land          
,how frail and weak6     ,soft is the   
voice1 and fair the face2       ,she    
breathes ,amen to prayer and hymn1      
,no wonder that her eyes are dim1       
,and pale her cheek40  ,,peace ,,and    
,,concord4      8,the representatives of
 man       ,here from the far           
,antipodes1       ,and from the subject 
,indian seas1                     ,in   
congress meet2     ,from ,afric and from
 ,hindostan1       ,from western        
continent and isle1       ,the envoys of
 her empire pile                        
,gifts at her feet4      ,our brethren  
cross the ,atlantic tides1              
,loading the gallant decks which once   
,roar'd a defiance to our guns1         
,with peaceful store2      ,symbol of   
peace1 their vessel rides6       ,o'er  
,english waves float ,star and ,stripe1 
,and firm their friendly anchors gripe  
,the father shore60      '''      8,look
 yonder1 where the engines toil2        

,these ,england's arms of conquest are--
       ,the trophies of her bloodless   
war3                     ,brave weapons 
these6     ,victorious over wave and    
soil1       ,with these she sails1 she  
weaves1 she tills1       ,pierces the   
everlasting hills1                      
,and spans the seas6      ,the engine   
roars upon its race1       ,the shuttle 
whirrs along the woof1       ,the people
 hum from floor to roof1                
,with ,babel tongue4     ,the fountain  
in the basin plays1       ,the chanting 
organ echoes clear1       ,an awful     
chorus 'tis to hear1--                  
,a wondrous song6      ,swell1          
organ1--swell your trumpet blast6       
,march1 ,queen and ,royal pageant1 march
       ,by splendid aisle and springing 
arch                     ,of this fair  
,hall4     ,and see6 above the fabric   
vast1       ,god's boundless ,heaven is 
bending blue1       ,god's peaceful ,sun
 is beaming through1                    
,and shining over all60  ,london3       

,printed by ,william ,tyler1            
,bolt-,court4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,in the ,press1   
and shortly will be published4  ,,french
 ,,and ,,german ,,editions ,,of ,,the   
,,royal ,,exchange ,,and ,,the ,,palace 
,,of ,,industry4  ,,uniform ,,with ,,the
 ,,present ,,volume4  ,just published4  
,,the ,,palace ,,of ,,glass ,,and ,,the 
,,gathering ,,of ,,the ,,people4  ,a    
,,book ,,for ,,the ,,exhibition4        
,foolscap #hvo4 #bs4 extra cloth boards4
  ,,the ,,industrial ,,exhibition4      
,books and ,tracts suited for           
distribution at the present season in   
the following languages3  ,,english4    
,,french4 ,,dutch4 ,,spanish4 ,,swedish4
 ,,german4 ,,italian4 ,,portuguese4     
,,danish4 ,,russian4 ,,modern ,,greek4  
,may be obtained at #ef1 ,paternoster   
,row1 and #afd1 ,piccadilly2 also of    
,,nisbet ,,and ,,co41 #ba1 ,berners     
,street1 ,oxford ,street4      ,,soho   
,,bazaar1 ,soho ,square1 ,counters ,nos4
 #ecf  #ecg4      ,,hanbury ,,and ,,co41

 #gj1 ,edgware ,road4      ,j4 ,,groom1 
,soho ,bazaar4      ,j4 ,f4 ,,shaw1 #bg1
 ,southampton ,row4      ,b4 ,,seeley   
,,and ,,co41 #b4 ,hanover ,street1      
,regent ,street4      ,c4 ,,haselden1   
#ba1 ,wigmore ,street4      ,s4 ,j4     
,,ladd1 #aj1 ,jonson's ,place1 ,harrow  
,road4      ,h4 ,,fase1 #a1 ,edwardes'  
,terrace1 ,kensington4      ,p4 ,,hance1
 #ad1 ,upper ,gloucester ,place1 ,king's
 ,road1 ,chelsea4      ,j4 ,l4 ,,porter1
 #dc1 ,sloane ,street4      ,w4 ,f4     
,,ramsay1 #aa1 ,brompton ,row4          
,,miller ,,and ,,field1 #f1 ,bridge     
,road1 ,lambeth4      ,j4 ,,roberts1 #b1
 ,arabella ,row1 ,pimlico4      ,w4 ,h4 
,,dalton1 #bh1 ,cockspur ,street1       
,charing ,cross4      ,t4 ,,varty1 #ha1 
,strand4      ,,mrs4 ,,press1           
,depository1 ,church ,street1 ,hackney4 
,w4 ,,hands1 ,clapham4      ,g4 ,w4     
,,medes1 ,camberwell4      ,j4 ,h4      
,,jackson1 ,islington ,green4      ,w4  
,d4 ,,thomson1 #ach1 ,upper ,street1    
,islington4      ,t4 ,k4 ,,gorbell1 #af1

 ,hereford ,place1 ,commercial ,road    
,east4