,transcriber's notes3 ,the spelling1 punctuation and hyphenation are as the original except for apparent typographical errors1 which have been corrected4 ,italic text is denoted thus4 ,bold text is denoted thus4 ,,war ,,department ,,technical ,,manual ,,tm #e-cfb ,,engineer ,,port ,,repair ,,ship ,illustration3 ,united ,states of ,america ,war ,office logo ,,war ,,department 4 ,,october #aidd ,,restricted4 ,,dissemination ,,of ,,restricted ,,matter4--,the information contained in restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted material may be given to any person known to be in the service of the ,united ,states and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion who are cooperating in ,government work1 but will not be communicated to the public or to the press except by authorized military public relations agencies4 7,see also par4 #bc;b1 ,,ar #chj-e1 #ae ,mar #aidd47 ,united ,states ,government ,printing ,office ,washington3 #aidd ,,war ,,department1 ,,washington #be1 ,d4 ,c41 #ca ,october #aidd4 ,,tm #e-cfb1 ,engineer ,port ,repair ,ship1 is published for the information and guidance of all concerned4 ,a4,g4 #cjj4g 7#ac ,sep #dd74 ,,by ,,order ,,of ,,the ,,secretary ,,of ,,war3 ,g4 ,c4 ,,marshall1 ,chief of ,staff4 ,,official3 ,j4 ,a4 ,,ulio1 ,major ,general1 ,the ,adjutant ,general4 ,,distribution3 ,as prescribed in paragraph #i;a1 ,,fm #ba-f3 ,armies 7#aj72 ,corps 7#aj72 ,sv,c 7#aj72 ,depts 7#aj72 ,,ib #e 7#aj72 ,i,bn #e 7#e72 ,,ic #e 7#bj7 7#aj71 #ee 7#b72 ,t of ,opn 7,,cg7 7#aj72 ,t of ,opn 7,engr7 7#be74 ,,ib #e3 ,t_/,o #e-eaj,s4 ,i,bn #e3 ,t_/,o #e-ece,s4 ,,ic #e 7#bj73 ,t_/,o #e-ejj1 ,engr ,sv ,orgn--,engr ,port ,rep ,ship ,crew ,,nc2 ,engr ,port ,rep ,ship ,crew ,,nf4 ,,ic #e 7#aj73 ,t_/,o #e-eb4 ,,ic #ee3 ,t_/,o #ee-dg2 #ee-aaj-a2 #ee-aaf2 #ee-aag2 #ee-agg4 ,distribution to ,european ,theater of ,operation will not be made4 ,for explanation of symbols1 see ,,fm #ba-f4 ,,contents ,paragraph ,page ,,section ,i4 ,,general4 ,purpose and scope #a #a ,mission #b #a ,relationship to other units #c #a ,,ii4 ,,organization ,,and ,,duties ,,of ,,personnel4 ,organization #d #d ,duties of personnel #e #d ,ship maintenance and repair #f #d ,,iii4 ,,ship ,,specifications1 ,,equipment1 ,,and ,,supplies4 ,ship specifications #g #f ,equipment for ship operation #h #h ,supplies for ship operation #i #ai ,equipment for performing mission #aj #ai ,supplies for performing mission #aa #cb ,,iv4 ,,training ,,of ,,ship',s ,,crew4 ,individual training #ab #cd ,shipboard training #ac #ch ,v4 ,,operations4 ,condition of captured ports #ad #dj ,operations of port repair ship in a captured port #ae #da ,,restricted ,,section ,i ,,general #a4 ,,purpose ,,and ,,scope4 ,this manual is a general reference on engineer port repair ship crew units4 ,it covers their mission1 organization1 equipment1 training1 and operations4 ,it stresses the use of the ships and describes their equipment4 #b4 ,,mission4 a4 ,engineer port repair ship crews are military units organized to assist in the opening and rehabilitation of captured ports4 ,they operate from engineer port repair ships which are ocean-going steam or ,diesel-powered vessels4 7,see fig4 #a and sec4 ,,iii for the ships' specifications47 b4 ,in performing this mission1 a port repair ship crew might be required to assist in removing obstructions and debris from harbor entrances1 harbors1 docks1 and areas alongside wharves1 quays1 and piers2 repair underwater structures2 make and repair parts for damaged port facilities and equipment2 and salvage cargos and small craft4 ,large salvage operations are a naval function and are handled by the ,navy's salvage ships4 #c4 ,,relationship ,,to ,,other ,,units4 a4 ,port construction and repair groups4 ,the engineer port repair ship operates as the offshore arm of the port construction and repair group 7,,fm #e-e7 and is under the group commander's authority4 7#a7 ,the group's mission is to return captured ports to operating condition4 ,it repairs such port facilities as power and water-supply plants1 communications1 wharves1 docks1 warehouses1 and cargo-handling equipment4 7,see fig4 #b47 ,illustration3 ,figure #a4 ,general view of an engineer port repair ship4 ,illustration3 ,symbols3 ,s engineer port repair ship4 ,g port construction and repair group4 ,figure #b4 ,schematic view of a typical captured port showing jobs done by the port construction and repair group and those done by the engineer port repair ship4 7#b7 ,usually1 the engineer port repair ship is the first large vessel to enter the port2 it carries in supplies and equipment to help the port group start its work4 ,some of this equipment such as portable generators1 pneumatic drills1 paving breakers1 hammers1 and saws1 may be put ashore and used by the group's personnel4 ,in addition1 the facilities of the various shops on the ship are used for making or repairing parts for damaged port machinery and equipment4 b4 ,transportation ,corps4 ,after the harbor has been cleared1 the engineer port repair ship may be called on to assist harbor craft units of the ,transportation ,corps in heavy towing or cargo-handling operations4 c4 ,navy4 ,naval minesweepers precede the engineer port repair ship into the harbor1 clear the harbor of mines1 and report dangerous areas to the engineer port repair ship4 ,,section ,,ii ,,organization ,,and ,,duties ,,of ,,personnel #d4 ,,organization4 ,the engineer port repair ship crew is composed of specialists4 ,the classifications include master mechanic1 electrician1 boatswain1 diver1 radio operator1 ,diesel mechanic1 welder1 blacksmith1 cook1 and able-bodied seaman4 ,the crew consists of commissioned officers1 warrant officers1 and enlisted men4 7,see fig4 #c47 #e4 ,,duties ,,of ,,personnel4 a4 ,general4 ,members of the crew are assigned to one of four sections3 deck1 engine1 operating1 or headquarters4 ,however1 all personnel must be trained to assist in performing tasks besides those specifically assigned4 ,for instance1 additional deckhands may be needed in bad weather or in making fast to a wharf1 or extra riggers may be required to move heavy materials or load or unload equipment or supplies4 b4 ,ship's master4 ,the ship's master is responsible for everything done by his ship and crew4 ,he must be a technical specialist as well as a military leader4 ,his principal responsibilities are3 7#a7 ,safe navigation and efficient handling of his ship at all times4 7#b7 ,direction of operations in carrying out the ship's mission4 7#c7 ,the condition and appearance of his ship4 7#d7 ,administrative duties and the discipline and morale of his crew4 c4 ,deck section4 ,crew members of the deck section are primarily responsible for3 7#a7 ,sea-detail duties specified by the deck officer4 7#b7 ,outward appearance of the ship4 ,this includes painting1 rust prevention1 and general ship-shape condition4 7#c7 ,handling lines in mooring and docking4 7#d7 ,navigation of the ship4 7#e7 ,weighing or dropping anchor4 d4 ,engine section4 ,the engine section operates1 maintains1 and repairs the ship's main and auxiliary engines1 compressors1 pumps1 generators1 motors1 and electrical systems4 e4 ,operating section4 ,the personnel of the operating section are under the supervision of the salvage officer and are responsible for3 7#a7 ,all diving operations1 including underwater inspections1 construction1 repairs1 and demolitions4 7#b7 ,operation and maintenance of machine1 welding1 blacksmith1 pipe1 and carpenter shops4 7#c7 ,clearing harbor areas of debris and obstructions and restoring navigational aids4 f4 ,headquarters section4 ,this section is responsible for general administrative1 housekeeping1 and radio-communication duties aboard ship4 ,these duties include operation and supply of the ship's galley and cold-storage compartments1 and supply and storage of all food1 silverware1 clothing1 and linens4 g4 ,attached armed guard4 ,a ,navy gun crew operates and maintains the ship's antiaircraft 7,,aa7 armament4 7,see par #g;e47 ,each member of the gun crew takes his turn at standing watch4 #f4 ,,ship ,,maintenance ,,and ,,repair4 ,the ship's crew is responsible for maintenance of the vessel1 its engines1 and all machinery1 within the limits of the vessel's tools and spare parts and the ability of the crew4 ,higher echelons of maintenance1 including routine overhauls1 are requested through higher authority4 ,as a guide to maintenance required of the ship's crew1 all personnel will familiarize themselves with chapter #d1 8,keeping ,shipshape10 ,,fm #ee-acj4 ,illustration3 ,,organization ,,of ,,engineer ,,port ,,repair ,,ship ,,crew#a #a ,see ,t_/,o ,e #e-ejj ----------------- ---------------- ,,commanding ,,attached ,,naval ,,officer - ,,armed ,,guard#b 7,,ship',s ,,master7 ,,ensign ---------------- ,,gunners ,,signalmen ---------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------ ,,deck ,,section ,,engine ,,section ,,first ,,mate ,,chief ,,engineer ,,second ,,mate ,,first ,,ass',t ,,engineer ,,third ,,mate ,,sec',,nd ,,ass',t ,,engineer ,,boatswain ,,third ,,ass',t ,,engineer ,,ship',s ,,carpenter ,,marine ,,firemen ,,quartermaster 7,,steam ,,vessel7 ,,seamen ,,marine ,,oilers ------------------------- 7,,diesel ,,vessel7 ------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------ ,,operating ,,section ,h',,dq',t',,rs ,,section ,,salvage ,,officer ,,administration ,,chief ,,diver ,,first ,,sergeant ,,master ,,mechanic ,,clerk ,,foreman1 ,,machine ,,shop ,,orderly ,,divers ,,radio ,,operators ,,divers' ,,tenders ,,medical ,,blacksmith ,,sergeant ,,electric ,,motor ,,mess ,,supply ,,repairman ,,mess ,,sergeant ,,mechanics ,,cooks ,,diesel ,,mechanic ,,baker ,,rigger ,,cook',s ,,helper ,,pipefitter ,,assistant ,,stewards ,,machinists ------------------------- ,,welders ,,toolroom ,,keeper ,,demolition ,,specialist ------------------------- #b ,the naval armed guard is attached only when the ship is in convoy or in an extremely active theater of operations ,figure #c4 ,organization chart of engineer port repair ship crew showing functional setup of ship's personnel4 ,,section ,,iii ,,ship ,,specifications1 ,,equipment1 ,,and ,,supplies #g4 ,,ship ,,specifications4 a4 ,general external characteristics4 ,an engineer port repair ship is similar in external appearance to the average sea-going commercial cargo carrier4 ,two ready means of identification are the cathead on the ship's prow and the number and arrangement of the cargo booms4 ,these features are discussed in detail in paragraph #aj4 7,see figs4 #d and #e47 ,the ship's superstructure begins at the mainmast and continues aft to the stern4 ,forward of the superstructure are the two masts1 the three hatches1 and the forecastle deck4 b4 ,principal dimensions and capacities4 7#a7 ,for principal dimensions and capacities see table ,i and figure #f4 7#b7 ,for location and capacities of fuel-oil1 fresh-water1 and salt-water tanks1 see table ,,ii and figure #g4 ,illustration3 ,figure #d4 ,cathead welded on ship's prow4 ,illustration3 ,figure #e4 ,view looking aft from forecastle deck showing masts and cargo booms4 ,table ,i4 ,principal dimensions of engineer port repair ship ,principal ,dimensions ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,length over-all #bia feet1 #a inch4 ,length between perpendiculars #bee feet1 #j inches4 ,breadth1 molded #db feet1 #f inches4 ,depth1 molded #be feet1 #c inches4 ,gross tonnage #b1dhc4gj ,net tonnage#c #a1egg4ae ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,weights and ,volumes ,used ---------------------------------------- ------------ #a ton #b1bdj pounds4 #a ton fresh water #cf cubic feet4 #a ton salt water #ce cubic feet4 #a ton ,diesel oil #da4ih cubic feet4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #c ,net tonnage is gross tonnage less deductions for space occupied by main engines1 crew's quarters1 etc4 ,it indicates approximate cargo capacity of the ship4 ,table ,,ii4 ,capacities of ,diesel-oil1 fresh-water1 and salt-water tanks ,capacities of ,tanks ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,tons ,compartments ,frames ,cubic------------------- feet ,diesel ,fresh ,salt oil water water ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,double-bottomed tank ,no #a1 ,p#d #gi-ajf #b1gih #ff4f ,double-bottomed tank ,no #a1 ,s#d #gi-ajf #b1geb #fe4f ,double-bottomed tank ,no #b1 ,p and ,s #eg-ga #d1bhhajb4b ,double-bottomed tank ,no #c1 ,p and ,s #bc-ea #e1gfjacg4b ,deep-wing tank ,no #d1 ,p and ,s #i-bc #e1fceacd4b ,forepeak tank1 single #aae-stem#d1ejj #abf4d ,deep tank ,no #a1 ,p and ,s #aae-aae #e1dje #aej4a ,deep tank ,no #b1 ,p and ,s #ajg-aa #g1bif #bjb4g ,deep-wing tank ,no #e1 ,p and ,s #b-h #ijj #be4j ,afterpeak tank1 single #b-stem#a1ada #ca4g ,forepeak tank1 single #aae-stem#d1eej #acj ,deep-wing tank ,no #c1 ,p and ,s #gi-ajg #f1bgf #agi4d ------------------- ,total #eje4h #ece4iecji4d ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #d ,p stands for port2 ,s1 for starboard4 #e #bdi1ejj gallons4 c4 ,displacement4 7#a7 ,the dead-weight scale 7fig4 #aj71 shows the ship's capacity for carrying dead weight1 the difference between light and loaded displacement4 7#b7 ,figure #aj also shows the ship's load-line marks#f and their relation to the decks4 ,these marks establish the safe load line for the ship in different waters1 allowing a measure of reserve buoyancy4 ,load lines are established and assigned by the ,american ,bureau of ,shipping4 ,the center of the circle is located exactly amidships on the vessel's load waterline1 and the horizontal line through the circle corresponds to the summer load line4 ,the letters ,,ab1 used where the horizontal line cuts the circle1 indicate the ,american ,bureau of ,shipping4 ,the letter ,f to the left of the vertical line is the fresh-water marking1 and ,s to the right of the vertical line is the salt-water marking4 #f ,sometimes called ,plimsoll mark2 ,plimsoll mark indicates maximum allowable draft4 d4 ,power4 ,the ship is propelled by a high-power1 low-speed ,diesel engine4 ,other engines may be substituted as required4 e4 ,armament4 ,for ,,aa protection1 the ship carries six #bj-mm ,,aa machine guns4 ,mounted on the after end of the poop deck is a ,navy #c_/ej 7#c-;inch bore1 #aej inches long7 dual-purpose ,,aa gun4 #h4 ,,equipment ,,for ,,ship ,,operation4 a4 ,general4 ,this paragraph describes briefly the major items of equipment required for the operation of the ship4 b4 ,navigation equipment4 7#a7 ,compasses4 7a7 ,the ship is equipped with magnetic and gyrocompasses4 ,the master gyrocompass is located below decks in the gyro-room4 ,the readings of this compass are transmitted to repeaters1 which are similar in appearance to magnetic compasses and are placed in the pilot house and at other points where knowledge of the ship's heading is required4 ,gyrocompass equipment includes the master compass and its supports1 batteries1 a motor-generator set for supplying power in case of failure of the ship's supply1 instrument panel1 and a panel for fuses and switches for the repeaters4 7b7 ,the magnetic compass is in the pilot house4 ,it is mounted in a compensating binnacle that neutralizes or compensates for errors introduced into the compass by the magnetic materials on the ship4 7,see figs4 #h and #i47 7#b7 ,pelorus4 ,a pelorus is mounted on each wing of the navigating bridge4 ,the pelorus is a graduated circle mounted in gimbals with an alidade pivoted over its center4 ,it is used to measure directions to some distant point like another ship or an object on land4 ,it gives the bearing relative to the ship's heading or1 if set to the ship's true course1 the true bearing to the object4 ,illustration3 ,,inboard ,,profile ,figure #f4 ,inboard profile of engineer port repair ship showing location of main installations4 ,illustration3 ,,inner ,,bottom ,,plan ,figure #g4 ,inner-bottom plan showing location of ,diesel-oil1 fresh-water1 and salt-water tanks4 ,illustration3 #a4 ,wheel4 #b4 ,compensating binnacle4 #c4 ,magnetic compass4 #d4 ,telephone4 #e4 ,speaking tube4 #f4 ,gyrocompass mounted on binnacle4 #g4 ,engine room control4 ,figure #h4 ,view of pilot house4 ,illustration3 ,figure #i4 ,drawing of navigating bridge showing location of equipment in pilot house1 chart room and radio room4 ,illustration3 ,,light ,,ship ,,with #dah ,,tons ,,ballast--#bbjd ,,tons ,figure #aj4 ,dead-weight scale and load-line marks4 7#c7 ,radio direction finder4 ,located on the navigating bridge is the ship's radio direction finder4 ,this instrument receives radio signals and establishes the bearing of the sending station4 ,it consists essentially of a loop antenna for receiving the signals connected to a radio receiver that makes the signals audible4 ,the position of the ship may be determined from radio bearings by taking cross bearings on two or more stations1 by two bearings on the same station and the distance run between bearings1 and by a bearing and a sounding4 7#d7 ,fathometer4 7a7 ,a fathometer is installed on the navigating bridge to determine the depth of water under the ship4 ,this instrument works on the echo depth-finding process4 ,briefly1 it consists of a submarine oscillator in the bottom of the ship that produces a sound of sufficient intensity to travel to the ocean floor and reflect back to a sensitive receiver also located in the ship's bottom4 ,the difference between the time of sending the sound and receiving the echo is measured by the fathometer1 translated into depth1 and flashed on the dial as a red light opposite a numeral corresponding to the depth in fathoms4 7b7 ,near the fathometer is a fathometer recorder that records on a paper chart the depths indicated by the fathometer4 ,this gives a continuous depth profile of the ocean bottom along the ship's course4 7#e7 ,chartroom equipment4 ,in the chartroom are sextants1 protractors1 dividers1 parallel rules1 chronometer1 hydrographic charts1 and a chart table4 c4 ,communications4 7#a7 ,radio4 ,the radio equipment consists of a main receiver and transmitter with emergency sets and a short-wave receiver and transmitter4 ,the radio sets presently used are shown in figures #i and #aa4 ,the manuals describing this equipment are listed in ,,asf ,catalog ,sig #aj-a4 7#b7 ,radio telephone4 ,radio telephone communication is handled by the short-wave transmitter and receiver4 7,see fig4 #aa47 ,they operate on frequencies between #b and #c million cycles per second with separate channels designated for specific purposes4 ,for ship-to-shore communication1 frequencies range between #b1ajj and #b1bjj kilocycles4 ,direct ship-to-ship communication is on #b1gch kilocycles4 ,the sets thus send and receive on different frequencies4 7#c7 ,visual signal equipment4 7a7 ,flashing light signals4 ,flashing light signals are made with a dot-and-dash blinker light4 ,the light is on top of the pilot house for greater visibility and is mounted so it can be shone in any direction4 7b7 ,flag signaling4 ,the ship carries complete sets of ,international flags and pennants and hand flags for signaling by semaphore4 d4 ,main engine4 7#a7 ,the main engine is an #h-;cylinder1 supercharged #d-;cycle ,diesel capable of developing #a1cjj hp4 7,see fig4 #ab47 7#b7 ,the engine has an air starting system2 pressure lubrication for all running parts except the pistons1 which are lubricated by oil thrown into the cylinder walls by the cranks2 and an indirect cooling system in which clean soft water is circulated in a closed circuit and cooled by sea water in the heat exchangers4 ,the fuel system uses a manifold in which fuel is maintained at constant pressure but in which there is no pressure on the injection valves except during the actual time of injection4 e4 ,auxiliary engines4 ,diesel and gasoline auxiliary engines furnish power for the ship's generators1 compressors1 and pumps4 ,typical of the auxiliary engine installations are the #abj-;hp ,diesels used to drive the fire pumps4 7,see fig4 #ac47 f4 ,electrical systems and generators4 ,electricity for the ship's lighting system and for the electrically operated equipment are furnished by ,diesel or gasoline-driven generators4 ,in case the main generator fails1 an emergency generator starts automatically4 ,if all generators should fail1 batteries supply the power4 7,see fig4 #ad47 g4 ,lifeboats4 ,the ship carries two #bf-;foot power whaleboats1 two oar-propelled lifeboats1 life rafts1 and a number of small rubber floats4 7,see figs4 #a1 #ae and #af47 ,the two life rafts 7figs4 #a and #af7 are mounted on skids at an angle of about #de4 ,each skid has a releasing device that permits quick release of the raft into the water or will let it float free if the ship sinks4 h4 ,mooring and towing4 7#a7 ,installed on the main deck at the ship's stern is a combination towing machine and anchor windlass4 ,it hoists and lowers the two #c1jjj-pound ,danforth anchors4 ,when used for towing1 it carries the towline on a reel and pays it out and hauls it in automatically to keep towing tension constant4 7#b7 ,for handling the two bow anchors1 a windlass is installed on the forecastle deck4 7,see fig4 #ag47 ,illustration3 #a4 ,mackay #aef4d short-wave transmitter4 #b4 ,federal #abe;,,ay emergency receiver4 #c4 ,scott ,,slr-#g main receiver4 #d4 ,,scbc #ggi-;,a short-wave receiver4 #e4 ,federal #adi-;,a emergency transmitter4 #f4 ,radiomarine ,,et #hjaj;,c main transmitter4 ,figure #aa4 ,radio transmitting and receiving sets in radio room4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ab4 ,high-power1 low-speed1 supercharged ,diesel engine4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ac4 ,one of the #abj-;hp ,diesels to run the ship's fire pumps4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ad4 ,view of generator room showing the three electrical generators that can be run singly or in series and are driven by three #ij-;hp #b-;cycle ,diesel engines4 i4 ,fire fighting4 7#a7 ,the principal fire-fighting equipment consists of four motor-driven pumps1 each with a capacity of #c1jjj gallons per minute 7gpm7 and capable of #abe pounds pressure4 7,see fig4 #ac47 ,they are connected to an #h-;inch fire main arranged on a loop circuit around the main deck4 ,spaced equally along this circuit are eight #b-a_/b-;inch hydrants equipped with fog or spray nozzles4 ,throughout the ship are twenty-eight #a-a_/b-;inch connections4 7#b7 ,there are two #a1jjj-;gpm fire monitors4 ,one is located forward on the forecastle head and the other is abaft the stack4 7,see figs4 #a1 #ah1 and #ai47 7#c7 ,a fixed carbon-dioxide smothering system is used in engine and tank compartments1 bilges1 and galley4 ,hand-operated extinguishers are located in all parts of the vessel4 j4 ,crew's quarters4 7#a7 ,quarters for most of the enlisted members of the crew are located on the first platform deck4 ,also on this deck are the laundry room1 linen lockers1 and the ship's post exchange4 7#b7 ,on the main deck1 the rest of the enlisted men and the ,navy gun crew are quartered4 ,also on this deck are the ship's galley and pantry1 mess rooms 7fig4 #bj71 shower rooms1 and diving-gear compartment4 7#c7 ,on the boat deck are officers' quarters1 the ship's company office1 dispensary 7fig4 #ba7 and a four-bed hospital4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ae4 ,view of two of the ship's lifeboats swung on two different types of davits4 ,the davit ,a in the foreground is the quadrantal davit and is rapidly replacing the round bar or radial davit ,b1 because fewer men are required to work it4 7#d7 ,on the bridge deck are the staterooms and offices of the ship's master1 salvage officer1 chief engineer1 and the naval gunnery officer4 k4 ,refrigerators4 ,located on the second platform deck are the fruit and vegetable1 meat1 and dairy refrigerators4 ,these refrigerators hold a #cj-;day supply of perishable foods4 #i4 ,,supplies ,,for ,,ship ,,operation4 a4 ,diesel oil4 ,the ,diesel oil tanks hold #ejf tons of fuel4 7,see table ,,ii47 ,normal consumption is figured at one-half pound per #a hp per hour4 ,there is enough oil for approximately a #fj-;day cruise4 b4 ,fresh water4 ,the ship's tanks hold #ecf tons 7#bdi1ejj gallons7 of fresh water4 ,this supply is maintained by the evaporator which is capable of supplying #c1jjj gallons of fresh water every #bd hours4 c4 ,food4 ,the ship usually carries enough food for a #cj-;day period4 ,dry stores1 such as canned goods1 flour1 sugar1 etc41 are stowed in storage bins on the second platform deck4 d4 ,linens4 ,the ship's laundry facilities are adequate only for the ship's personnel4 ,the linen lockers hold a #cj-;day supply of linens4 #aj4 ,,equipment ,,for ,,performing ,,mission4 a4 ,general4 ,this paragraph describes the more important items of this equipment and tells how it is used4 ,to perform its mission of starting port repairs1 the ship contains completely equipped machine1 carpenter1 blacksmith1 pipe1 and welding shops in addition to a large assortment of miscellaneous equipment for various jobs4 ,illustration3 ,figure #af4 ,one of the life rafts mounted on skids4 ,each can accommodate #bj persons1 and carries rations1 water1 and signaling devices4 7,see ,,fm #ba-bb47 b4 ,machine shop4 ,the machine shop is located below the number #b hatch 7fig4 #f7 and contains lathes1 drills1 milling machine1 shaper1 punch and shear machine1 cutters1 and grinders4 7,see fig4 #bb47 ,all this equipment has complete sets of accessories and tools4 ,the ,i-beams athwartship at number #b hatch are removable1 permitting portable equipment to be hoisted from or lowered to the machine shop4 ,here are brief descriptions of the more important items of the machine-shop's equipment4 7#a7 ,the ,,doall machine4 ,this machine 7fig4 #bc7 is used for contour metal sawing1 filing1 and polishing4 ,it is a highly adaptable machine tool for jig work and for making dies4 ,it does the work of a shaper or milling machine and replaces such operations as nibbling1 drilling holes to make a cut1 and torch cutting4 ,twenty assorted saws1 #c_/cb to #a_/b inches wide2 three flat filebands1 #a_/d-;inch1 #c_/h-;inch1 and #a_/b-;inch2 and three file guides are standard equipment4 ,the machine is equipped with a #c_/d-;hp1 #bjh-volt1 #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle motor4 7#b7 ,toolroom lathe4 ,the #aj-;inch toolroom lathe 7fig4 #bd7 has a #d-a_/b-;foot bed and #a-;inch collet capacity4 ,it is driven by an underneath1 #c_/d-;hp1 #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle motor4 ,it is equipped with collet1 milling and keyway-cutting1 and telescopic-taper attachments1 boring and turning cutters1 fine and coarse diamond knurls1 tool holders1 and a large and small face plate4 7#c7 ,extension-bed gap lathe4 7a7 ,this #bj-;by #dj-;inch gap lathe has a #ad-;foot bed and a special1 large face plate4 ,with the gap closed1 it is used as a regular engine lathe4 7,see fig4 #be47 7b7 ,the tools and accessories for the lathe include telescoping taper attachment1 boring and cutting bars1 end caps1 bits1 chucks1 and centers4 ,also1 there is a set of metric thread-cutting gears for use where the metric system is standard4 ,the lathe is driven by a #g-a_/b hp1 #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle motor4 7#d7 ,engine lathe4 ,the #af-;by #ed-;inch engine lathe 7fig4 #bf7 also can be equipped with special threads including metric1 by using special gearing in the endworks4 ,it is driven by a #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle1 #bjh-volt motor and is equipped with telescoping taper attachments1 boring bars1 cutters1 bits1 chucks1 tool holders1 and metric thread-cutting gears4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ag4 ,windlass for handling bow anchors4 7#e7 ,shaper4 7a7 ,this #bd-;inch universal shaper is used for facing surfaces1 notching1 keyseating1 and the production of flat surfaces on small parts4 7,see fig4 #bg47 7b7 ,the shaper is equipped with bits1 holders1 table1 vise1 and wrench set1 and is driven by a #bjh-volt1 #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle motor4 7#f7 ,radial drill4 7a7 ,the radial drill has a #d-;foot arm1 #aa-;inch column1 and #ab spindle speeds4 7,see fig4 #bh47 ,it has a range of #ae to #a1bjj rpm and is driven by a #e-;hp1 #bjh-volt1 #c-phase motor4 7b7 ,the drilling capacity of this machine is approximately #b-;inches diameter in cast iron and #a-a_/b-;inches diameter in steel4 ,its tapping capacity is a #b-;inch tap in cast iron and #a-a_/b-;inch tap in steel4 7c7 ,its accessories include a coolant attachment1 universal drill table1 drill vise1 chuck1 and taper shank4 7#g7 ,milling machine4 ,the milling machine is used for gear cutting and jig and die work4 ,the work is done with cutters instead of by sawing as the ,,doall machine does4 ,it is equipped with a #bjh-volt1 #c-phase1 #fj-phase motor and has slotting and milling attachments1 chucks1 vise1 arbors and adapters1 and a complete set of cutters4 7,see fig4 #bi47 7#h7 ,punch and shear machine4 7a7 ,this combination punch and shear machine has a punch capacity #a-;by #a_/b-;inch or #g_/h-;by #e_/h-;inch4 ,its shear capacity is #a_/b-;inch plates1 #f-;by #e_/h-;inch flats1 #a-e_/h-;inch rounds1 and #a-a_/b-;inch squares4 7,see fig4 #cj47 7b7 ,it is driven by a #c-;hp1 #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle1 #bjh-volt motor1 and its accessories include punches1 dies1 shear blades for plates and flats1 and bar-cutter blades for rounds1 squares1 angles1 and tees4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ah4 ,fire monitor showing the power nozzle and hose connections4 ,the monitor rotates and the power nozzle tilts at any desired degree4 7#i7 ,drill4 ,this column-type drill 7fig4 #ca7 has a #a-;inch capacity in steel and is driven by a #b-;hp1 #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle1 #bjh-volt motor4 ,its accessories include a ,jacobs three-jaw ball-bearing chuck1 reducing sleeves1 and a combination drill and countersink set4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ai4 ,view showing the fire monitor in operation4 ,the water is being forced through the power nozzle at #ajj-pound pressure4 ,illustration3 ,figure #bj4 ,view of enlisted men's mess room4 ,the tables accommodate #cb men4 7#aj7 ,combination tool and cutter grinder4 7a7 ,this grinder has a #aj-;inch-diameter swing and #bd inches between head and footstock4 ,it is driven by a #c_/d-;hp1 #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle1 #bjh-volt motor and has attachments for all forms of milling cutters1 taps1 and reamers4 7,see fig4 #cb47 7b7 ,for grinding1 this machine is run by a #a_/h-;hp1 #a-phase1 #fj-;cycle1 #aaj-volt motor1 and has #c-;inch to #h-;inch wheels for dressing and grinding4 7#aa7 ,pedestal grinder4 ,this grinder for tool sharpening operates at #a1gej rpm and is driven by a #c-phase1 #bjh-volt1 #fj-;cycle motor4 ,the grinding wheels are #ad inches in diameter and #b-a_/d inches in thickness4 7,see fig4 #cc47 7#ab7 ,power hacksaw4 ,this power hacksaw is used for metal sawing and has a blade-cooling system for high-speed cutting4 ,its capacity is #i by #i inches1 it has #c speeds1 and is driven by a #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle1 #bjh-volt motor4 ,it comes equipped with #bd molybdenum steel blades4 7,see fig4 #cd47 7#ac7 ,miscellaneous machine-shop equipment4 ,miscellaneous machine-shop equipment includes small hand and electric drills1 bench lathe1 portable grinders1 electric soldering sets1 hydraulic press1 chain-saw sharpener1 mechanic and master mechanic tool sets1 jacks1 vises1 and tap and die sets4 c4 ,blacksmith shop4 7#a7 ,the blacksmith shop is adjacent to the machine shop and is equipped to handle all smithing operations4 ,these operations include heating for forging1 annealing1 hardening1 and tempering metals4 7,see fig4 #ce47 7#b7 ,the forge has an electric blower1 and the hood mounted over it has an exhaust fan to expel fumes and smoke from the forge4 7#c7 ,for working metal1 there is a pneumatic1 #bjj-pound forging hammer4 7,see fig4 #cf47 ,this hammer is of the self-contained type and the blacksmith can operate it and manipulate the work between the dies at the same time4 7#d7 ,other blacksmith equipment in the shop include engineer blacksmith equipment set ,no4 #a1 sledges1 tongs1 and swages4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ba4 ,ship's dispensary showing portable operating table1 operating lights1 and shelves and cabinets for medical supplies4 d4 ,carpenter shop4 7#a7 ,the carpenter shop is on the first platform deck on the starboard side of number #b hatch4 7,see fig4 #f47 ,the main equipment of this shop consists of a universal woodworking machine1 a #cb-;inch band saw1 and a portable electric saw4 7#b7 ,the universal woodworking machine 7fig4 #cg71 is powered by a #e-;hp1 #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle1 #bjh-volt motor1 developing #c1dbe rpm and is equipped with #ad-;and #af-;inch blades4 7#c7 ,the #cb-;inch band saw 7fig4 #ch7 is powered by a #c-;hp1 #c-phase1 #fj-;cycle1 #bjh-volt motor1 developing #fjj rpm4 ,it is supplied with general-purpose blades1 a ripping fence1 and a resaw guide4 7#d7 ,the portable circular saw is run by a #aaj-volt universal motor4 7,see fig4 #ci47 ,it is equipped with two combination blades for sawing wood2 when abrasive discs are used1 it will cut brick1 stone1 concrete1 steel1 and cast iron4 e4 ,pipe shop4 7#a7 ,the pipe shop adjoins the machine shop and its main equipment consists of a portable pipe bender and a pipe and bolt threading machine4 7,see fig4 #dj47 7#b7 ,the hydraulic portable pipe bender has a maximum piston pressure of #ej1jjj pounds and will bend up to #c-;inch pipe4 7#c7 ,the pipe-and bolt-threading machine will handle #a_/h-to #b-;inch pipe and #c_/h-to #a-a_/b-;inch bolts4 f4 ,welding shop4 7#a7 ,the welding shop is on the first platform deck on the port side of number #b hatch4 7,see fig4 #f47 ,the welding shop contains equipment for electric-arc and oxyacetylene welding and cutting4 ,illustration3 #a4 ,extension-bed lathe4 #b4 ,engine lathe4 #c4 ,toolroom lathe4 #d4 ,universal milling machine4 #e4 ,radial drill4 ,figure #bb4 ,view of machine shop showing a part of the equipment and overhead monorail system capable of handling #e tons4 ,illustration3 ,figure #bc4 ,this ,,doall machine is used for contour metal sawing and jig work4 7#b7 ,for electric-arc welding there are two stationary and four portable sets4 ,all of the sets are driven by gasoline engines and have complete sets of accessories4 7#c7 ,the portable sets are mounted on four-wheel dollies and have a welding range of #ej to #djj amperes and a generator rating of #cjj amperes at #dj volts4 ,the accessories include a welding-rod assortment1 #ej-;foot electrode and ground cables1 gloves1 helmets1 lenses1 and mittens4 7#d7 ,for oxyacetylene work1 there are three oxyacetylene welding and cutting sets and three portable acetylene generators4 ,the sets include cutting and welding torches and tips1 #ej-;foot lengths of hose1 tip cleaners1 oxygen and acetylene regulators1 spark lighters1 gloves1 and goggles4 7#e7 ,there is also a portable1 preheating torch of the atomizing type operated by compressed air4 7#f7 ,miscellaneous equipment in the welding shop includes a brazing and soldering set1 ten #bbe-;cubic-foot acetylene cylinders1 and fifty #bbj-;cubic-foot oxygen cylinders4 g4 ,diving gear and equipment4 7#a7 ,the diving equipment room is located on the main deck just aft the number #c hatch4 7,see fig4 #f47 ,in this room are lockers for diving gear1 the recompression chamber1 hangers for holding the diving suits1 and a work table for repairing suits4 ,illustration3 ,figure #bd4 ,ten-inch toolroom lathe with #d-a_/b-;foot bed4 7#b7 ,the recompression chamber 7fig4 #db7 is used for testing divers' ability to withstand pressure before diving and to decompress divers if they develop compressed-air illness 7bends74 ,illustration3 ,figure #be4 ,extension-bed gap lathe1 #bj-;by #dj-;inch with #ad-;foot bed4 ,illustration3 ,figure #bf4 ,engine lathe1 #af-;by #ed-;inch4 ,illustration3 ,figure #bg4 ,twenty-four inch universal shaper for facing1 notching1 keyseating1 and die making4 ,illustration3 ,figure #bh4 ,radial drill with #d-;foot arm and #aa-;inch column4 7#c7 ,for deep-sea diving1 there are two ,no4 #a diving outfit sets4 7,see fig4 #da47 7#d7 ,other equipment in the ,no4 #a set includes an air compressor1 descending and stage lines1 decompression stage1 telephone1 diving lamp1 air and telephone hose1 and diving weights4 7#e7 ,for shallow-water diving in depths up to #cf feet1 there are four ,no4 #b diving outfit sets4 7,see figs4 #dc and #dd47 7#f7 ,the rest of the diving equipment includes a canvas workers set ,no4 #a1 carpenter equipment set ,no4 #b1 gasoline-engine-driven1 skid-mounted air compressor with a capacity of #fj cubic feet of air per minute1 electrodes for underwater cutting1 a pneumatic tugger hoist for the diving stage1 and a portable air lock4 ,illustration3 ,figure #bi4 ,universal milling machine ,no4 #b1 horizontal4 h4 ,compressed-air equipment4 7#a7 ,an assortment of compressed-air equipment is carried for doing jobs both on and off the ship4 ,this equipment includes rock drills for drilling in rock or concrete2 paving breakers used in breaking out concrete1 breaking up rock1 and in general demolition work2 rivet busters for cutting out rivets2 woodboring drills for boring various-sized holes in timbers2 rotary drills for drilling holes in steel plates and beams2 grinders for general grinding2 pneumatic hammers for cleaning castings1 beveling seams on ships1 and chipping holes in concrete2 riveting hammers for driving rivets2 pneumatic wrenches for tightening and loosening nuts and bolts2 nail drivers2 chain saws adapted for cutting pilings underwater2 and circular saws4 ,illustration3 ,figure #cj4 ,combination punch and shear machine4 7#b7 ,for operating this equipment1 there is a #cae cfm1 ,diesel-driven1 skid-mounted air compressor and a #bhj cfm1 electric-driven air compressor4 i4 ,beach gear4 7#a7 ,the beach gear carried on the ship is used primarily to salvage stranded vessels4 ,this type of salvage differs from raising sunken wrecks1 where all the work in preparing the vessel for raising is done by divers4 ,for beach salvage work1 divers ordinarily are needed only for examining the stranded vessel's hull and the nature of the underwater terrain1 and beach gear and the towing power of other craft are used to refloat the ship4 7#b7 ,the main items of the beach gear are two #h1jjj-pound anchors1 blocks of various types1 hooks1 clips1 chains1 manila and wire rope1 shackles1 cable stoppers1 and rope thimbles4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ca4 ,column-type drill4 ,this drill has a #a-;inch capacity in steel4 j4 ,portable salvage pumping equipment4 ,the portable salvage pumping equipment consists of one #aj-;inch1 two #f-;inch1 and two #c-;inch salvage pumps1 complete with spare parts1 hose1 metal suctions1 and adapters4 ,illustration3 ,figure #cb4 ,combination tool and cutter grinder4 ,illustration3 ,figure #cc4 ,pedestal grinder for tool sharpening4 k4 ,portable fire-pumping equipment4 ,the portable fire-pumping equipment consists of a two-wheeled trailer pumper with a capacity of #ejj gpm and four #ej-;foot lengths of #b-a_/b-;inch hose4 l4 ,hoisting equipment4 7#a7 ,the hoisting equipment consists of the #dj-ton cathead mounted on the prow1 one #ej-ton and four #aj-ton booms on the foremast1 and two #e-ton booms on the mainmast1 together with the winches for operating them4 7,see fig4 #de47 7#b7 ,the cathead 7fig4 #df7 is used to raise debris and sunken small craft that are hazards to navigation or prevent vessels from coming alongside wharves or piers4 ,it is operated by a two-speed winch installed in the forecastle peak on the shelter deck4 7#c7 ,the #ej-ton boom is operated by a two-speed winch and the four #aj-ton and the two #e-ton booms are run by single-speed winches4 7,see fig4 #dg47 ,illustration3 ,figure #cd4 ,power hacksaw for metal cutting4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ce4 ,view of blacksmith shop showing #dh-;inch forge and #bjj-pound anvil4 m4 ,floating equipment4 ,in addition to the life-boats and rafts1 the ship carries a steel pontoon barge1 a plane-rearming boat1 and a utility boat4 7#a7 ,the barge is made up of #ba sections 7fig4 #dh7 and has a capacity of #ej tons4 ,it is propelled by a #aae-;hp outboard engine and carries a #e-ton crawler crane for diving and salvage operations4 ,the sections of the barge are stowed in the number #a hold of the ship4 7#b7 ,the plane-rearming boat is #cc feet long and is powered by a #ajj-;hp inboard1 ,diesel engine4 ,it is used for diving1 general utility work1 and light towing4 ,illustration3 ,figure #cf4 ,pneumatic1 #bjj-pound forging hammer4 ,illustration3 ,figure #cg4 ,universal woodworking machine with steel table and two extension roller tables4 7#c7 ,the utility boat is #bf feet long and is propelled by a #ie-;hp gasoline or ,diesel engine4 ,it is used to tow the barge and floats and for general errand work4 n4 ,miscellaneous equipment4 ,miscellaneous equipment includes3 ,clamshell bucket1 #c_/d-;cubic-yard4 ,jacks1 including a #ej-ton hydraulic jack4 ,cargo nets4 ,demolition1 rigging1 and tinsmith equipment4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ch4 ,woodworking #cb-;inch band saw4 #aa4 ,,supplies ,,for ,,performing ,,mission4 ,the ship's cargo capacity does not permit carrying large quantities of supplies4 ,limited amounts of the most essential items are carried4 ,they are listed by types as follows3 a4 ,machine-shop stock4 ,supplies for the machine shop include #ac-;inch bronze-alloy round bars of various diameters1 #aa-;foot cold-rolled steel bars of different sizes1 square-and round-tool-steel bars1 and #e-;foot lengths of keystock steel from #a_/h to #c_/d inches wide4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ci4 ,portable electric saw4 ,illustration3 ,figure #dj4 ,view of pipe shop showing supply of pipe in racks4 b4 ,carpenter shop supplies4 7#a7 ,lumber for the carpenter shop is structural-grade fir in #af-;foot lengths and varying in size from #b-;by #a-;inch to #ab-;by #ab-;inch4 7#b7 ,there are #hjj pounds of nails that range in size from #b;d to #fj;d1 and a supply of wood screws4 c4 ,pipe stock4 ,the pipe varies in size from #a_/d inch to #f inches and comes in #ab-;foot lengths4 ,there is a supply of nipples1 elbows1 tees1 valves1 and unions for the different sizes of pipe4 d4 ,ammunition4 ,the ship's magazines hold #cb1djj rounds of #bj-mm and #cab rounds of #c_/ej cal4 ammunition4 ,illustration3 ,figure #da4 ,diver in ,no4 #a diving dress ready to go down4 e4 ,miscellaneous supplies4 ,miscellaneous supplies include gasoline1 lubricating oils and greases1 cement1 canvas1 roofing1 chicken wire1 hardware1 plugs1 and structural steel4 ,,section ,,iv ,,training ,,of ,,ship',s ,,crew #ab4 ,,individual ,,training4 a4 ,general4 ,most of a port repair ship's crew will have had training and experience in civilian life to qualify them for the highly specialized jobs they are assigned in this military unit4 ,before receiving further technical instruction1 all personnel are given basic military training4 ,illustration3 ,figure #db4 ,view of interior of recompression chamber4 ,if divers must be brought up in a hurry they are rushed into this chamber for decompression to prevent their getting the 8bends40 b4 ,diving and salvage training4 ,the diving and salvage training is given officers and enlisted men with particular emphasis on operations performed in and around docks1 quays1 and other waterfront structures1 harbors1 inland waterways4 ,diving and salvage operations are essential to the rehabilitation of ports4 ,the training should include the following3 7#a7 ,diving-team problems with timber and steel construction2 underwater concrete construction2 underwater demolition of docks1 piers1 and ships2 and actual salvage operations4 7#b7 ,individual diving problems including underwater reconnaissance1 pipefitting1 patching1 welding1 cutting with hydrogen torch and oxyelectric machine2 survey of underwater conditions in mud1 swift currents1 and various tide actions2 use of jetting nozzle and siphon4 7#c7 ,use of hand tools1 air tools1 machine tools1 pumps1 winches1 and blacksmithing4 7#d7 ,rigging1 beach gear1 and hi-lines4 7#e7 ,elementary instruction and training in-- 7a7 ,diving-gear nomenclature4 7b7 ,diving-gear maintenance4 7c7 ,hazards of diving4 7d7 ,physics of diving4 7e7 ,skin diving4 7f7 ,recompression tanks and tables4 7g7 ,air compressors1 air flasks1 field expedients4 7h7 ,signals and communications4 7i7 ,ship construction4 7j7 ,mooring and maneuvering4 7k7 ,sketching4 7l7 ,tactical military instruction4 ,illustration3 #a4 ,hand pump4 #b4 ,rubber sneakers4 #c4 ,air hose4 #d4 ,diver's underwear4 #e4 ,expansion tank4 #f4 ,face mask4 #g4 ,weighted belt4 ,figure #dc4 ,no4 #b diving outfit set4 ,illustration3 ,figure #dd4 ,diver in ,no4 #b diving outfit set4 c4 ,diesel engineer training4 ,this is advanced training for those men having previous ,diesel experience4 ,the operation1 maintenance1 and repair of ,diesel engines are studied4 d4 ,seaman training4 ,the apprentice seaman is given a basic course in seamanship4 ,it includes instruction in-- 7#a7 ,nautical terms4 ,all nautical terms and what they mean1 including the parts of a ship and construction terms4 7#b7 ,ground tackle and its use4 ,the various kinds of anchors and how they are used2 rules for anchoring4 7#c7 ,lifeboat seamanship4 ,lifeboats and their handling1 surf seamanship1 the sea anchor1 use of oil1 helmsmanship4 7#d7 ,safety at sea4 ,avoiding accidents1 keeping equipment shipshape1 safeguarding against fire1 fire-fighting and life-saving equipment1 first aid4 7#e7 ,marlinespike seamanship4 ,the common knots1 how to make fast to a cleat1 whipping1 splicing1 the care of rope1 handling and use of lines4 7#f7 ,the compass4 ,types of compasses1 installation and care1 boxing the compass1 points and degrees1 variation and deviation1 compensating the compass4 7#g7 ,general4 ,general seaman duties and seaman watches4 e4 ,visual signal instruction4 ,the visual signal training should include3 7#a7 ,international code flags4 7#b7 ,semaphore4 7#c7 ,flashing light signals4 7#d7 ,the signal code4 7#e7 ,typical signals4 7#f7 ,special ,navy signals4 7#g7 ,signaling ,navy and ,coast ,guard vessels4 7#h7 ,special flags and pennants4 7#i7 ,pyrotechnics4 f4 ,degaussing school4 ,at the ,navy degaussing school1 complete degaussing of a ship is taught1 including what equipment is required and how it is used4 g4 ,wartime radio procedure4 ,the wartime radio procedure is that procedure practiced by the ,navy4 ,it includes3 7#a7 ,ship-to-ship1 ship-to-shore1 and ship-to-plane radio instruction4 7#b7 ,call numbers and identification4 7#c7 ,codes4 7#d7 ,radio discipline4 7#e7 ,operation and maintenance of marine radio equipment4 7#f7 ,operation of radio direction finder4 ,illustration3 ,figure #de4 ,outboard profile showing cathead and cargo booms4 ,illustration3 ,figure #df4 ,forty-ton cathead mounted on bow of ship4 h4 ,gyrocompass instruction4 ,the ,navy gyrocompass school teaches3 7#a7 ,basic principles of the action and operation of the gyrocompass4 7#b7 ,cause of gyrocompass errors and how to correct or compensate them4 7#c7 ,maintenance and care of the compass and its equipment4 i4 ,convoy communication4 ,the ,navy convoy communication school teaches the various types of signaling used between ships in a convoy4 ,the instruction includes3 7#a7 ,naval signal codes and calls4 7#b7 ,procedure signs4 j4 ,machine-shop training4 ,the machine-shop training includes the operation of drill presses1 grinders1 lathes1 cutters1 punch and shear machines1 shapers1 forging hammers1 and milling machines4 ,the men work with different types of metals1 receive practical experience in various kinds of machine-shop jobs1 and learn how to maintain the equipment and tools4 k4 ,demolition training4 ,training in explosives and demolitions includes the following3 7#a7 ,theory of explosives4 7#b7 ,calculation of charges4 7#c7 ,capping and priming4 7#d7 ,field expedients4 7#e7 ,cutting1 cratering1 and flattening charges4 7#f7 ,booby traps4 #ac4 ,,shipboard ,,training4 ,training aboard ship involves molding the crew into an efficient1 smooth-running organization4 ,this requires constant drill1 practice1 and working out of operational team problems4 ,illustration3 ,figure #dg4 ,single-speed winch for operating #aj-ton cargo boom4 ,illustration3 ,figure #dh4 ,fifty-ton barge made up of #ba sections and propelled by #aae-;hp outboard engine4 ,,section ,v ,,operations #ad4 ,,conditions ,,of ,,captured ,,ports4 a4 ,general4 ,enemy destruction of a port's facilities generally may be divided into two classifications4 7#a7 ,channels and harbors4 ,offshore obstructions in the waters of the harbor include booms and torpedo nets1 debris1 prepared sunken obstacles1 destruction of navigation aids and moorings1 and damage to underwater pilings and foundations4 ,it is the engineer port repair ship's job to remove or destroy these obstacles and to make the underwater repairs4 7#b7 ,damage to shore installations4 ,the destruction of shore installations includes damage to utilities1 shops1 warehouses1 railway spurs and yards1 roads1 bridges1 locked basins1 cargo-handling equipment1 piers1 wharves1 and quays4 ,it is the mission of the port construction and repair groups to repair and put these facilities back in operation4 ,illustration3 ,figure #di4 ,naples harbor cluttered with wreckage4 ,wrecked and capsized merchant vessels line the quays4 ,note the damaged warehouses4 ,all cargo-handling equipment has been destroyed4 b4 ,enemy damage to captured ports4 ,although the conditions outlined below will not hold true in all cases1 they were found in captured ports4 7#a7 ,warehouses and shops4 ,all warehouses and shops were destroyed by demolition and fire4 7#b7 ,utilities4 ,electric1 water1 gas1 and communications systems were put out of commission by demolition and removal of parts4 7#c7 ,locked basins and docks4 ,all locked basins and closures were destroyed2 walls of basins were collapsed by explosives4 7#d7 ,wharves and quays4 ,demolitions destroyed the inshore #ajj feet of quay full width to a depth of #cj feet4 ,mines destroyed all cranes and blew out the face of the quay in sections about #dj feet long1 #cj feet back1 and #bj feet deep4 ,cranes usually are spaced about #ge feet apart4 7#e7 ,miscellaneous4 ,delayed-action mines and booby traps were placed at strategic places1 even in sunken boats and ships4 7#f7 ,channels and harbors4 7a7 ,ships were sunk to block entrances to harbors4 7b7 ,all mooring buoys and channel markers were removed4 7c7 ,all boats and lighters available to the enemy were sunk adjacent to quays1 wharves1 and piers4 7d7 ,wharf cranes and debris were blown into channels alongside wharves and quays4 7,see figs4 #di through #ec47 #ae4 ,,operations ,,of ,,port ,,repair ,,ship ,,in ,a ,,captured ,,port4 a4 ,general4 ,the port commander is responsible for the restoration of the port's facilities4 ,he orders surveys made of the extent and nature of the damage and from them determines what work is to be done and who is to do it1 sets priorities1 and estimates time1 personnel1 materials1 and equipment required4 ,before actual repairs can be started1 the following preparatory work usually has to be done by ,army and ,navy units3 7#a7 ,extinguish fires and demolish unsafe structures4 7#b7 ,sweep mines4 7#c7 ,remove blockships4 7#d7 ,remove booms and torpedo nets4 7#e7 ,neutralize land mines and booby traps4 7#f7 ,install ,,aa and other protective works4 7#g7 ,remove debris in water and on quays4 7#h7 ,remove obstructions from exits to wharf areas4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ej4 ,masts of sunken freighter in harbor4 ,the enemy did a systematic job of sinking ships to block the harbor as much as possible4 ,illustration3 ,figure #ea4 ,sunken ships and bomb-wrecked quays give some idea of the huge task of repair and construction in restoring the port to usefulness4 ,illustration3 ,figure #eb4 ,temporary bridge built on a keeled-over freighter4 ,trucks are using it to unload a ,liberty ship4 7#i7 ,install navigation aids and moorings4 b4 ,following are some of the jobs the port repair ship might be required to do3 7#a7 ,install navigation aids in entrance channel4 ,after the harbor area has been swept of mines by the ,navy1 the port repair ship marks the entrance channel with buoys4 ,this is done by soundings and by using hydrographic charts of the harbor4 ,soundings are made by the ship's fathometer1 by lead lines1 and by a portable depth finder4 ,the portable depth finder works on the same principle as the ship's fathometer 7par4 #h7 and is installed on one of the two powerboats4 ,the powerboat operates ahead of the port repair ship1 takes continual soundings1 and marks the boundaries of the channel4 ,the crew of the powerboat is constantly on the alert for underwater obstructions and signals the ship if any are found and whether the ship must change her course or stop4 7#b7 ,blockships4 7a7 ,a blockship is a prepared underwater obstacle sunk to prevent ships from following navigable channels4 ,one or more blockships may be found in an entrance channel4 ,these ships are often filled with rock or concrete to make them more difficult to remove4 7b7 ,when soundings1 intelligence reports1 or information received from the minesweepers indicate the location of a blockship1 a diver is sent down for reconnaissance4 ,the information required to determine the course of action is-- #a4 ,position blockship is in4 ,that is1 is it on its side1 at an angle1 or resting on its keel4 #b4 ,approximate size and type of vessel4 #c4 ,nature and extent of its superstructure4 #d4 ,would the removal or destruction of the superstructure leave enough water between the hull and the surface for large vessels to use the channel8 ,illustration3 ,figure #ec4 ,two half-sunken ships and the bomb crater in harbor's seawall and quay show the results of well-planned destruction4 #e4 ,nature of bottom and effect of currents4 #f4 ,is ship filled with rock or concrete8 #g4 ,indications of mines and booby traps4 7c7 ,this information determines whether the superstructure can be cut through or flattened with explosives or if the hull has to be broken up before the channel is cleared4 ,destroying the hull is a long1 difficult task and should not be attempted if the removal of the superstructure affords enough clearance4 7#c7 ,harbor4 7a7 ,general4 ,when the port repair ship enters the harbor1 her master reports to the port commander for instructions4 ,these instructions include-- #a4 ,what jobs the ship is to do and what priorities have been set on them4 #b4 ,what materials1 equipment1 power1 tools1 and personnel the ship is to furnish the port construction and repair group4 #c4 ,whether temporary construction or repairs are to be made or permanent repairs made4 #d4 ,surveys to be made of underwater damage and obstructions in harbor area4 7b7 ,removal of small sunken craft and debris4 ,small boats usually are sunk alongside wharves and quays to prevent ships from approaching close enough to unload4 ,also1 cranes and sections of the wharves blown into the water have to be removed4 ,divers examine the debris and determine whether it can be pulled out of the way into deeper water or if it first must be broken up4 ,since the use of large quantities of explosives may further damage adjacent quays and piers1 debris too heavy and bulky to hoist and drag is cut into smaller sections by underwater cutting4 ,then these sections are raised by the cathead and pulled out of the way by the ship4 ,small1 sunken craft often can be salvaged by sealing up the hulls and pumping out the water with salvage pumps4 ,this type of salvage work can be done from the #ej-ton barge which leaves the repair ship free for other jobs4 7c7 ,furnishing materials1 power1 and equipment4 #a4 ,materials4 ,materials required by the port group to start its work can be furnished in limited quantities by the repair ship4 ,however until cargo ships can unload at the port1 the group must get locally the bulk of the materials it needs4 ,the small amount of cement1 timbers1 and structural steel that the ship carries can be put ashore on the ship's barge4 #b4 ,power4 ,until local sources of power are restored or floating power plants are available1 power for lighting and for operating equipment is supplied by the ship's stationary and portable generators and compressors4 #c4 ,equipment4 ,such portable equipment as the clamshell bucket1 welding and cutting outfits1 trailer-mounted fire pumper1 and pneumatic tools1 is turned over to the group as it is needed4 ,if necessary1 equipment operators are furnished from the ship's personnel4 7d7 ,use of the ship's shops4 ,the ship's shops are used to make parts for and to repair port machinery and equipment4 ,typical jobs are to repair engines and motors and to construct or repair cargo-handling equipment4 7e7 ,underwater construction and repairs4 ,the ship's divers may be required to repair the underwater structures of damaged piers and quays4 ,broken or weakened pilings or timbers may have to be cut and removed so new ones can be placed4 ,also1 the foundations of harbor breakwaters or sea walls may require strengthening or repairs4 c4 ,safety of ship4 ,while operating in the close waters of the harbor1 especially while threatened with the additional hazards of debris1 mines1 underwater obstacles1 and enemy air attack1 the safety of the ship is of paramount importance4 ,the master of the ship is responsible for her safety4 ,he sees that the gun crews are at their stations and that enough deckhands are available for the extra work required in mooring and maneuvering4 d4 ,summary4 ,speed is essential in port repair work to eliminate the necessity of landing troops1 stores1 and equipment over beaches for any length of time4 ,the engineer port repair ship has an important part in getting this work started by opening the harbor to navigation and by furnishing power1 equipment1 and supplies to the port construction and repair groups4 ,the shops on the ship help prevent stoppages caused by breakdown of machinery and equipment because they can repair or manufacture essential parts that may be needed4 ,in short1 the port repair ship is the spearhead in getting port reconstruction work under way and1 by its ability to do many different tasks1 helps to speed up this work and keep it going4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,government ,,printing ,,office3 #aide--fbhaca--,,tm #ajde