available by ! ,digital ,libr>y ( !     
,falvey ,memorial ,libr>y1 ,villanova   
,univ]sity                              
7https3_/_/digital4libr>y4villanova4edu7
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illu/rations4       ,see #eghid-;h4htm  
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orig9al pages are available ?r\gh !     
,digital ,libr>y ( ! ,falvey ,memorial  
,libr>y1       ,villanova ,univ]sity4   
,see                                    
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,item_/vudl3#ejdjij   ,transcrib]'s     
,note3        ,text enclos$ by          
und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74      
,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold  
face 7bold74        ,an additional      
,transcrib]'s ,note is at ! end4        
,illu/ration3 ,h[ ,to ,d ,,me*anical    
,,tricks   ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,me*anical    
,,tricks4  ,conta9+ ,complete           

,in/ruction = ,p]=m+ ,ov] ,sixty ,+5i\s 
,me*anical ,tricks4  by  ,a4 ,,&]son4   
,fully ,illu/rat$4       ,new ,york3    
,frank ,t\sey1 ,publi%]1 #bd ,union     
,squ>e4  ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act (       
,congress1 9 ! ye> #aijb1 by ,frank     
,t\sey1 9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian (      
,congress at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,,cont5ts     ,! ,pile ( ,draughtsm54   
,! ,decant]1 ,c>d1 & ,co94    ,a ,clev] 
,bl[4    ,! ,ob$i5t ,co94    ,to ,cut a 
,/r+ ,) ,y\r ,h&s4    ,! ,reb\nd4    ,a 
,fi]y ,catapult4    ,to ,make an ,exact 
,balance4    ,! ,recomposition ( ,light4
    ,! ,my/]i\s ,apple4    ,economical  
,lett]-,scales4    ,trac+ a ,spiral4    
,! ,incl9$ ,plane4    ,to ,cut a ,bottle
 ,) a ,/r+4    ,equilibrium ( a ,knife 9
 ,mid-,air4    ,a ,trick ,) ,f\r        
,mat*es4    ,! ,di/ance ( an            
,inaccessible ,po9t4    ,practical      
,trac+ ( a ,m]idian ,l9e4    ,to        
,measure ! ,height ( a ,m\nta94    ,to  
,take ,up ,f\r ,knives ) ,"o4    ,!     

,tack 9 ! ,ceil+4    ,! ,jump+ ,pea4    
,to ,acquire a ,true ,eye4    ,!        
,air-,tight ,/opp]4    ,! ,fusee        
,rocket4    ,a ,novel ,table ,mat4      
,geometrical ,pap] ,b&4    ,photographic
 ,cam]a4    ,! ,phantom ,ne$le4         
,amphitrite4    ,optical ,illusions4    
,! ,ins5sible ,co94    ,! ,asses'       
,bridge4    ,ano!r ,way to ,prove !     
,prec$+ ,!orem4    ,ind5t$ ,angles4     
,a ,*eap ,%oot+ ,gall]y4    ,! ,co9 9   
,equilibrium4    ,! ,subm]g$ ,co94    ,!
 ,smoke ,r+s4    ,! ,walk+ ,cork4    ,! 
,ob/9ate ,cork4    ,petroleum ,pulv]iz]4
    ,electric ,attraction & ,repulsion4 
,! ,bu/ ( ! ,sage4    ,! ,wit*]y ( !    
,h&4    ,! ,p]spectograph4    ,camphor 9
 ,wat]4    ,a ,simple ,multipli]4    ,! 
,draw+ ,room ,mirror4    ,elem5t>y      
,gas-,burn]4    ,rapid ,vegetation4     
,m9iature ,volcanoes4     ,,h[ ,,to ,,d 
,,me*anical ,,tricks4     ,! ,pile (    
,draughtsm54   8,matt] is in]t40 ,t is  
:at y read 9 e treatise on physics--:at 
does x mean8 ,"h is a v simple exp]im5t 

t w prove ?is tru? to anyone4  ,pile up 
t5 draughtsm51 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,be=e  
?is pile place ano!r piece on edge1 &   
press+ its circumf]5ce ) ! =ef+]1 let x 
glide f und]nea? s t x /rikes ! pile )  
consid]able =ce4 ,! piece s ?r[n mu/1 y 
w ?9k1 upset ! :ole pile ( draughts2 b  
no3 ! piece ?us %>ply s5t =w>d w /rike  
only "o piece ( ! pile1 & ?is alone w be
 dislodg$ )\t putt+ ! o!rs out ( _!     
equilibrium1 & ! :ole column above w    
settle d[n toge!r on ! bottom piece4    
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4  ,9 effect1 !   
=ce ( ! impulse1 mak+ itself felt on !  
piece t is t\*$1 ! latt] leaves ! pile  
)\t transmitt+ its movem5t to ! o!r     
pieces1 :i*1 foll[+ ano!r physical law1 
t ( gravity1 desc5d v]tically to fill ! 
place left vacant4  ,! exp]im5t may be  
v>i$ by us+ a knife & /rik+ ) x a %>p   
horizontal bl[ on "o ( ! pieces4 ,!     
piece /ruck w fall out ( ! pile )\t     
di/urb+ ! symmetry ( ! o!rs4     ,!     
,decant]1 ,c>d1 & ,co94   ,?is law (    
8,in]tia0 w provide u ) a few m         

exp]im5ts z curi\s z !y are conclusive4 
,place a play+ or an ord9>y visit+ c>d  
on a decant]2 ^u ! c>d & j 9 ! c5t]1 ov]
 ! ap]ture ( ! decant]1 put a small co9 
7a dime74 ,n[1 if ) a %>p fillip1 giv5  
horizontally on ! edge ( ! c>d1 y succe$
 9 :isk+ x (f 7:i* is v easy71 ! co9 w  
fall to ! bottom ( ! decant]4 ,! foll[+ 
ph5om5on has tak5 place3 ! movem5t 0 too
 rapid to be transmitt$ to ! co91 & !   
c>d alone 0 :isk$ (f4  ,illu/ration  ,! 
co9 be+ no long] su/a9$ by ! c>d falls1 
( c\rse1 v]tically1 )\t hav+ 9 ! lea/   
come out ( position4  ,a %>p horizontal 
knock giv5 ) a p5hold] or small /ick on 
! edge ( ! c>d1 w produce ! same result1
 b ! fillip is m effective4     ,a      
,clev] ,bl[4   ,take a ?9 /ick ab\t a   
y>d long1 & ?ru/ a p9 firmly 9 ea* ( its
 extremities4 ,?is done1 place ! /ick on
 ! b[ls ( two pipes1 :i* a c\ple (      
p]sons hold by ! /ems1 9 su* a mann] t !
 p9s only re/ on ! pipes4 ,a ?ird p]son 
!n /rikes ! /ick %>ply 9 ! middle1 & x w
 break )\t injur+ ! pipes4  ,ord9>y clay

 pipes w d v well1 z ! m brittle ! pipes
 are1 ! m /rik+ is ! exp]im5t4 ,h[ is   
?is expla9$8  ,illu/ration  ,! me*anical
 effect ( ! %ock has n "t to rea* ! b[ls
 ( ! pipes 7in]tia71 & is only manife/$ 
at ! v po9t on :i* ! bl[ falls1 h5ce !  
/ick unable to resi/ ! =ce ( ! bl[ at ! 
"o po9t breaks 9 two pieces4     ,!     
,ob$i5t ,co94   ,take an ord9>y wood5   
mat*box1 & remove ! draw] hold+ !       
mat*es4 ,9 ! c5t] place a small co91 a  
c5t w be ! be/ = ! exp]im5t1 ! object ( 
:i* is to make ! co9 fall into ! int]ior
 )\t t\*+ x4 ,tap lightly on t side ( ! 
box to :i* y desire ! co9 to come1 until
 x re/s ^u ! edge4  ,illu/ration  ,!n   
slightly raise ! end ( ! box :]eon ! co9
 re/s1 & lightly tap ) ! f+] once m4 ,at
 once ! co9 w fall into ! box4 ,! secret
 ( ! exp]im5t is ?is3 ! taps on ! box   
only move ! box1 :ile ! co9 reta9s its  
position by reason ( its own in]tia1    
until ! edge ( ! box rea*es x4 ,! la/   
tap knocks away ! support1 & ! co91     
ob$i5t to ! law ( gravity1 falls        

v]tically into ! int]ior ( ! box4 ,?is  
little exp]im5t is easily p]=m$1 &      
extremely int]e/+ :5 done neatly4       
,to ,cut a ,/r+ ,) ,y\r ,h&s4   ,) a    
little practice1 & "s briskness (       
movem5t1 y may be able to break a /r+ ( 
consid]able ?ickness by proce$+ z       
foll[s3  ,w9d ! /r+ r\nd y\r left h&1 s 
z to make a loop1 z %[n 9 ! figure4     
,pass x ?ree or f\r times r\nd ! f+]s to
 insure ! solidity ( ! loop4 ,seize     
firmly ! o!r end ( ! /r+ ) y\r "r h&1   
ar\nd :i* y w9d x ?ree or f\r times1 !n 
give a brisk pull4 ,! /r+ w be clean cut
 at ! junction ( ! loop 9 ! left h&4    
,illu/ration  ,:5 ! knack is well       
acquir$1 "o may break ! /r+ on two f+]s 
only1 by foll[+ always ! same !ory z    
above4     ,! ,reb\nd4   ,on ! neck ( a 
bottle place a cork 9 an upright        
position4 ,! cork mu/ be l>ge en\gh to  
re/ on ! neck )\t fall+ 94  ,n[ give a  
%>p fillip on ! neck ( ! bottle1 & y w  
see ! cork fall1 n on ! o!r side ( !    
bottle z mo/ p expect1 b =w>d 9 !       

direction ( ! h& giv+ ! bl[4 ,?is1 aga91
 is an illu/ration ( ! pr9ciple (       
in]tia4 ,a rapid bl[ t5ds to pu% !      
bottle f ! cork be=e ! movem5t is       
transmitt$ to ! latt]4  ,few p w execute
 ?is exp]im5t prop]ly ! fir/ "t1 = !    
in/9ctive fe> to break ! bottle & cut _!
 f+]s1 w prev5t !m giv+ a bl[ %>p en\gh 
to make ?is exp]im5t successfully at !  
fir/ attempt2 b ) a little p]sev]ance1 !
 necess>y degree ( =ce w be gaug$ to a  
nicety4  ,illu/ration     ,a ,fi]y      
,catapult4   ,take a mat*-box & place x 
upright edge-wise & place two mat*es 9  
ea* side betwe5 ! inn] & out] box1 heads
 up4 ,!y mu/ be ins]t$ deeply en\gh to  
/ick firmly4  ,place a ?ird mat*        
cross-wise betwe5 !m & x w /ay !re by ! 
pressure ! latt] ex]cises on !m4  ,n[   
light ! middle ( ! horizontal mat* &    
wait4 ,:at d y ?9k w happ58 ,ask !      
by/&]s :i* w fir/ cat* fire8  ,! natural
 conclusion !y w draw w be ! foll[+4  ,f
 ! middle ! frame w spread ( c\rse to ! 
two extremities & light ! o!r two       

mat*es1 probably ?is side fir/ :]e ! two
 phosphor\s heads meet4  ,illu/ration   
,well1 no?+ ( ! sort happ5s4 ,:5 !      
volume ( ! burn+ mat* has dim9i%$1 &    
consequ5tly its rigidity also1 ! =ce (  
its resi/ance gr[s weak] z ! combu/ion  
proce$s4  ,a mom5t comes :5 ! two       
v]tical mat*es1 try+ to assume aga9 _!  
orig9al position1 ?r[ (f1 ) a sway1 !   
burn+ horizontal mat*4  ,! burn+ mat* 0 
r5d]$ flexible 9 ! middle1 & is n at all
 burn$ at ! ends1 & ! two mat*es rema9  
/&+ z be=e4     ,to ,make an ,exact     
,balance4   ,to con/ruct by y\rselves1 )
 ! help ( simple mat]ials a balance (   
great precision may seem impossible4    
,nev]!less x c be done4  ,a rul]1 a t9  
box1 79 :i* black+ 0 conta9$1 = example7
 ?ree blocks ( wood1 two p9s1 ?read1 f\r
 nails1 a small piece ( glass1 & c>dbo>d
 are all ! necess>y mat]ials1 & n[ to   
"w4  ,at a %ort di/ance f ! c5t] ( !    
rul]1 & on a cross l9e ) "o ano!r1 /ick 
two p9s s t !y come out a little on !   
o!r side4 ,at "o end ( ! rul]1 9 ,c1    

nail a small piece ( y\r box4           
,illu/ration  ,at ! spot1 :]e ! hook to 
:i* ! scale is susp5d$1 is to hang1 make
 an ind5tation ) ! po9t ( a nail1 s t ! 
hook does n %ift at ! o!r extremity1 9  
,a1 fa/5 a flat piece ( t91 :i* w =m "o 
( ! scales ( y\r balance4  ,at ! end (  
?is pan sold] a p9 po9t d[nw>ds4 ,y\r   
second scale1 ,b1 de/9$ to conta9 !     
object or sub/ances to be weigh$1 w be  
=m$ by ! lid ( ! black+-t94  ,on its rim
 at ne>ly equal di/ances pi]ce f\r      
holes1 on :i* ! susp5sion-/r+s w be ti$1
 ! latt] at _! upp] end be+ unit$ toge!r
 9 "o /r+1 :i* is ti$ to a hook 7a b5t  
p9 or fi%+ hook w d47  ,n[ ! po9t (     
support rema9s to be con/ruct$4 ,on a   
wood5 squ>e1 r ?ick1 ,e1 fix ano!r      
block1 ,g1 on :i* gum a piece ( glass4  
,9 ! l>ge/ block knock f\r nails to     
prev5t ! %aft ( ! balance sw]v+ f "r to 
left4  ,! small truncat$ pyramid1 ,d1   
:i* y p]ceive on ! left ( ! design1 &   
:i* is graduat$1 s]ves z b5*-m>k4  ,9   
ord] to weigh y use ! me?od due to      

,borda1 call$ ! me?od ( d\ble weights4  
,place 9 ! scale ,a a weight :i* y ?9k  
is slightly ov] ! "o ( ! sub/ance or    
object to be weigh$4 ,!n ! scale ,b be+ 
occupi$1 get equilibrium by %ift+ m or  
less t[>ds ! rul]1 ! weight on ! scale  
,a4  ,!n note ! division indicat$ by !  
p9 po9t1 & take f scale ,b ! article    
plac$ !re1 & put !re9 weights until !   
po9t ( scale ,a tells y t ! equilibrium 
is ! same z :5 ! sub/ance 0 9 ! scale4  
,x is n necess>y t ?is balance be exact1
 provid$ x answ]s ! v small diff]5ces 9 
! pans4  ,! "o we h indicat$ w weigh d[n
 to a fifty-?\s&? "p ( a p\nd4     ,!   
,recomposition ( ,light4   ,x is a great
 pity t exquisitely beautiful facts &   
my/]ies are wrapp$ up 9 ! crack-jaw t]ms
 ( =eign languages1 & s made to appe>   
ugly4  ,!re is no bran* ( k m fasc9at+  
?an light4 ,to foll[ up its /udy is l   
walk+ along a %ady lane1 :]e at c]ta9   
di/ances ap>t ! wayf>] lights ^u jewels 
( great brilliance4  ,x has be5 said    
above t :ite light is =m$ by ! union or 

comb9ation ( sev5 colors4 ,:5 a ray (   
light passes ?r\gh a prism x is split up
 into ! p>ts ( :i* x is compos$1 & sev5 
colors z 9 ! ra9b[ appe>4  ,^! colors   
%ade (f into "o ano!r ) e v>iety ( t9t1 
l a b& ( ra9b[-color$ ribbon4 ,?is b& is
 call$ a spectrum4  ,n[1 :]e sci5ce     
classes are held !re may be se5 a       
complicat$ in/rum5t1 :i* is us$ to %[ h[
 ! sev5 colors unite to =m :ite light4  
,x is a disc on :i* ! colors ( !        
spectrum are pa9t$1 & x is made to sp9  
r\nd ) great rapidity4  ,! impression   
receiv$ by ! eye1 :5 look+ at ! revolv+ 
disc is total ab/95ce ( color4 ,9 o!r   
words x is :ite light4  ,=tunately1 y c 
satisfy y\rselves on ?is po9t )\t any   
o!r mat]ials ?an a c>dbo>d disc & a     
piece ( /r+4 ,on ?is disc pa9t 9 small  
sections ! colors ( ! spectrum1 repeat+ 
!m f\r or five times 9 ! foll[+ ord]3   
r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo1  
violet4  ,illu/ration  ,t ! exp]im5t may
 be entirely successful1 ! sections mu/ 
be m>k$ (f accord+ to ! foll[+ scale (  

wid? ( section4 ,let orange1 next to !  
circumf]5ce repres5t #b3 !n    ,r$ w be 
repres5t$ by #e   ,orange     8    8    
8     #b   ,yell[     8    8    8     #e
   ,gre5      8    8    8     #d   ,blue
       8    8    8     #e   ,indigo     
8    8    8     #c   ,violet     8    8 
8     #e  ,n[1 9 any diamet] ( ! disc   
bore two holes n too ne> ! edge4 ,?r\gh 
!m pass a piece ( /r+1 & knot ! two ends
 toge!r4 ,take hold ( ! /r+ ) bo? h&s1 &
 make ! disc sp9 r\nd4  ,!n ext5d &     
approa* ! h&s alt]nately to give a v    
rapid movem5t to ! disc4 ,:5 revolv+    
rapidly en\gh y w n be able to di/+ui% !
 sep>ate colors4 ,!y all become bl5d$   
into :ite light4     ,! ,my/]i\s ,apple4
   ,pi]ce an apple 9 su* a mann] z to   
obta9 two holes t5d+ t[>d ! middle1 &   
=m+ a pretty l>ge angle z %[n 9 !       
figure4 ,two quills or t9 tubes %\ld be 
ins]t$ to make ! inside passages smoo?4 
,pass a /r+ ?r\gh ! hole & y\r apple is 
prep>$ = a little trick1 :i*1 y may be  
sure w a/oni% all p]sons be=e :om y     

practice x1 & :o ( c\rse are n yet      
initiat$4  ,y fa/5 "o extremity ( ! /r+ 
to y\r foot1 & take ! o!r 9 y\r h& s z  
to produce at w ! rigidity ( ! /r+4 ,y c
 !n comm& ! apple to g d[n1 or to /op1 &
 x w obey y\r ord] imm$iately4 ,inde$1  
:5 y /raight5 ! /r+1 ! "p :i* ent]s !   
apple pu%es aga9/ ! angle =m$ by ! two  
passages1 & by ! pressure1 holds !      
apple4 ,:5 on ! contr>y y let g a       
little1 y take away ! rigidity & ! apple
 glides d[n4  ,illu/ration  ,y c !re=e  
alt]nately let ! apple g d[n or /op its 
c\rse1 & we repeat x1 p]sons n 9 !      
secret _c imag9e by :at means y get ?is 
curi\s result4  ,if1 in/ead ( an apple  
"o takes a wood5 ball1 ! exp]im5t w be m
 int]e/+ & ! article w la/ long]4       
,economical ,lett]-,scales4   ,take a   
wat* or small clock spr+1 & fix x by !  
c5t] on a /ick4 ,at ! o!r end atta* a   
small brass hook to hold lett]s1 etc41 z
 %[n 9 ! figure4  ,at ! top ( ! hook fix
 horizontally a small b&1 runn+ ov] a   
/rip ( c>dbo>d1 likewise hang+ on !     

/ick4  ,n[ graduate ! c>dbo>d /rip )    
real weights1 or _! exact equival5ts1 & 
aft] ?is any small articles may be      
weigh$ ) suffici5t accuracy4 ,! spr+1   
be+ ( /eel1 always turns to its orig9al 
position :5 ! scale is empty4           
,illu/ration     ,trac+ a ,spiral4   ,9 
geometry ! process = trac+ a spiral by !
 help ( compasses is pretty long &      
t$i\s4 ,! foll[+ me?od w enable y to d x
 f> m quickly & z accurately4           
,illu/ration  ,take a wood5 or c>dbo>d  
cyl9d]1 ) a diamet] equal to a f\r? "p (
 ! di/ance y require betwe5 ! spires 7or
 trelices7 to be trac$4 ,on ?is cyl9d]  
fa/5 "o end ( a /r+1 ,b1 & w9d x up1 &  
atta* to ! o!r end a p5cil1 ,c1 or a    
po9t1 accord+ to :at y want to d4  ,n[ y
 h only to turn to "r or left accord+ to
 ! direction 9 :i* ! /r+ 0 w\nd up1 by  
hold+ ! p5cil d[n & keep+ ! /r+ tight1 &
 a spiral ( p]fect regul>ity w be trac$4
  ,! above figure cle>ly %[s ! process4 
,! cyl9d] ,a has a diamet] equal to !   
di/ance ,r ,s divid$ by #d4     ,!      

,incl9$ ,plane4   ,take a piece ( pap]1 
roll x up into a tube l>ge en\gh to hold
 a m>ble1 & gum x l5g?wise4 ,!n         
introduce a m>ble & close ! extremities 
) a /rip ( pap] z %[n bel[4             
,illu/ration  ,:5 y ?9k t x is well dri$
 y place x upright on ! upp] end ( an   
incl9$ bo>d1 or flat rul]1 lean+ on a   
pile ( books = example4 ,y w !n see !   
pap] cyl9d] lie d[n1 get up & s on till 
x rea*es ! bottom ( its c\rse4  ,!      
effect is v curi\s & w be m s if y are  
some:at ( an arti/1 & able to draw or   
pa9t a figure on ! cyl9d]4     ,to ,cut 
a ,bottle ,) a ,/r+4   ,gum fir/ two    
circul> pads ( pap] on ea* side ( ! spot
 :]e y int5d to cut y\r bottle4 ,^! pads
 are obta9$ by gumm+ sev]al /rips ( pap]
 "o ov] ! o!r1 s z to leave betwe5 !m a 
groove on :i* y w9d ! /r+ r\nd once4    
,cat* hold ( ! extremities ( ! /r+1 &   
draw x to & fro1 see-saw fa%ion1 by :i* 
friction ! "p ( ! glass op]at$ on w be  
heat$4  ,illu/ration  ,z soon z y ?9k t 
! glass is hot en\gh1 plunge ! bottle 9 

cold wat]1 :i* y w h plac$ h&y be=e1 &  
at ! spot :]e ! friction 0 ex]cis$ !    
glass w be clean cut4 ,accord+ to !     
?ickness ( ! glass1 m or less heat mu/  
be produc$4 ,?is process is infallible4 
,! same result c also be produc$ 9 ano!r
 way4 ,x is1 :5 once ! heat is suffici5t
 to let glide a few drops ( wat] along !
 /r+4 ,! /r+ mu/ be well wett$4 ,! cut w
 be z clean z by ! o!r process4         
,equilibrium ( a ,knife 9 ,mid-,air4    
,be reassur$ de> read]s1 we are n go+ to
 ask y to make a balance 9 mid air1 t   
w\ld be too mu* = our weak capabilities4
 ,! "q is simply to sw+ a knife         
horizontally 9 ! space :i* surr\nds u4  
,! exp]im5t is curi\s & easily execut$4 
,illu/ration  ,take ! cork ( a *ampagne 
bottle4 ,pi]ce x l5g?wise ) a %>p knife1
 & let ! knife /ick out a ?ird ( its    
l5g? f ! ?9 end ( ! cork4 ,!n ins]t into
 ea* side ( ! cork ! prongs ( two =ks1 s
 t !y are p]p5dicul> ) ! blade ( ! knife
 z %[n 9 figure4  ,?is op]ation         
accompli%$1 y h only to susp5d ! po9t ( 

! blade on ! loop ( a /r+1 & ! knife w  
hang horizontally4 ,y may !n sw+ x if y 
*oose1 & ! movem5t w n de/roy !         
equilibrium4     ,a ,trick ,) ,f\r      
,mat*es4   ,speak+ ( mat*es1 !re is yet 
"o m trick to be play$ ) f\r ( !m4  ,at 
! non-phosphoric ends ( two mat*es cut a
 small not* s t !y fit into ea* o!r4    
,/ret* ! mat*es ap>t s z to =m an angle1
 & place !m v]tically ^u ! table4 ,!n   
lean a ?ird mat* aga9/ !m s z to =m a   
tripod1 /&+ by itself4  ,! "q n[ is to  
take up ?is trivet ) a f\r? mat* & c>ry 
x to ano!r place )\t di/urb+ ! h>mony ( 
! little con/ruction4  ,illu/ration  ,at
 fir/ sight ?is seems impossible2 x is1 
h[ev]1 easily done4 ,y h only to slide !
 f\r? mat* betwe5 ! two /uck toge!r1 & !
 "o s]v+ z support4  ,by lightly press+ 
aga9/ ! two fir/ ones ! ?ird "o w slide1
 & its upp] extremity w come betwe5 !   
angle =m$ by ! two o!rs4 ,by tak+ x up  
briskly1 ?is extremity w be ma9ta9$1 & y
 are !n enabl$ to c>ry ! little tripod  
to ano!r place4     ,! ,di/ance ( an    

,inaccessible ,po9t4   ,ev]yone kn[s :at
 an angle is1 & y say at once x is !    
incl9ation ( two l9es t meet ea* o!r4   
,^! l9es by _! bran*+ (f =m an op5+ m or
 less wide4 ,?is op5+ is measur$ by !   
aid ( an in/rum5t call$ a protractor    
made ( brass or horn1 :i* f9ds its place
 9 ne>ly e box ( ma!matical in/rum5ts4  
,x repres5ts a semi-circumf]5ce1 divid$ 
into #ahj equal p>ts1 call$ degrees1    
writt5 ?us3 #ahj4 ,ea* degree is divid$ 
into #fj m9utes1 express$ ?us3 #fj m942 
& f9ally ! m9utes are divid$ aga9 9 #fj 
p>ts1 call$ seconds1 indicat$ ?us3 #fj  
sec4 ,!re are !re=e 9 a :ole            
circumf]5ce1 #cfj deg41 #b1afj m941 &   
#ab1ifj sec4  ,"o degree1 !re=e1 is !   
#cfj? "p ( a circumf]5ce1 & ?us we h a  
measure indep5d5t ( all dim5sions4 ,=   
example1 on a r\nd table ( #cf y>ds 9   
circumf]5ce1 "o degree w be m>k$ by "o  
t5? ( a y>d2 on a pond ( #cfj y>ds 9    
circumf]5ce1 "o degree w be equal to "o 
y>d4  ,! degree1 !re=e1 may be m or     
less1 b x is always ! #cfj? "p ( !      

circumf]5ce ( a circle4 ,let x be q     
und]/ood t1 :e!r an angle is to be on a 
%eet ( pap]1 or 9 ! skies1 ! divisions d
 n *ange4  ,illu/ration  ,?is mu/ be    
well grasp$1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance =
 ! explanations :i* foll[4 ,x is !re=e  
settl$3 ! measure ( ! angles has no?+ to
 d :atev] ) a measure ( l5g?4  ,we h %[n
 h[ to measure an angle4 ,let u exam9e  
n[ :at is a triangle1 )\t pond]+ too mu*
 ov] ?is geometrical figure1 :i* e "o   
kn[s4 ,! ess5tial prop]ty ( ?is         
?ree-corn]$ figure is t ! sum ( its ?ree
 angles is always equal to #ahj degrees4
  ,9 o!r words1 ! protractor plac$      
successively at ea* angle w give ?ree   
numb]s1 :i*1 add$1 make up #ahj degrees4
 ,keep ?is prop]ty well 9 m9d1 z x w    
s]ve u h]eaft]4  ,n[1 to :at di/ance    
does a degree correspond8 ,= example1   
take a y>d/ick1 & ) ! graphomet] 7an    
in/rum5t by :i* angles are measur$71 9  
read9ess1 c>ry x f ! latt] in/rum5t to a
 c]ta9 di/ance1 till ! two extremities (
 ! y>d/ick measure "o degree2 ?is y>d is

 !n said to subt5d an angle ( "o degree4
  ,n[1 measure ! di/ance :i* divides !  
y>d/ick f ! in/rum5t1 & y w f9d x to be 
#eg y>ds4 ,!re=e1 "o degree corresponds 
to an object be+ at a di/ance ( #eg     
times its height4 ,a man two y>ds high  
at a di/ance ( #eg times 8 height1 or   
#aad y>ds w measure "o degree4  ,"o     
m9ute w be repres5t$ by a piece (       
c>dbo>d ( a hundre? "p ( a y>d long se5 
f a di/ance ( #cd y>ds2 & f9ally1 a     
second w be giv5 by a c>d a hundre? "p (
 a y>d se5 f a di/ance ( #bjfb y>ds4  ,a
 hair se5 at #bj y>ds ab\t repres5ts a  
second4 ,?is p]haps1 y ?9k to be too    
small to be se5 by ! nak$ eye4  ,suppose
 t y to measure ! di/ance ( a *ur*      
situat$ on a height1 & f :i* y are      
sep>at$ by a riv] 7see fig47 ,*oose on !
 riv]'s bank two spots f :i* ! /eeple ,c
 c be se51 say ,a & ,b4 ,at ,b plant a  
survey+-/aff1 & ) ! graphomet]1 g to ,a 
& f9d ! angle =m$ by ,b ,a ,c4  ,suppose
 = example1 x reads #hd degrees4        
,repeat+ ! op]ation at ,b = ! measure ( 

! angle ,c ,b ,a1 suppose x to be #ie   
degrees4 ,measure ! di/ance f ,a to ,b &
 let x be #hj y>ds4  ,n[ "h is ! /atem5t
 ( our problem3  ,h[ to resolve a       
triangle ( :i* ! base is kn[n to be #aj 
y>ds1 & two ( its angles4 ,well1 we h   
said above t ! sum ( ! ?ree angles is   
always ! same1 equal to #ahj degrees1   
hav+ on "o side #hd1 & on ! o!r #ie1 t  
makes toge!r #hd by #ie1 equal to #agi  
degrees4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is numb] & 
#ahj is #a degree1 !re=e ! angle ,,abc  
measures "o degree4  ,we "k t an angle (
 "o degree corresponds to a di/ance (   
#eg y>ds4 ,multiply ! base ( our        
triangle by #eg y>ds & y obta9 a di/ance
 ( ! *ur* f ! po9ts ,a & ,b1 #aj by #eg1
 equal to #egj y>ds4 ,no?+ is m simple  
?an ?is4  ,illu/ration  ,! small] !     
measur$ angle ! fur!r (f ! object w be4 
,z se5 9 our figure1 ! upright l9es1 m  
o1 m' o'1 m1 o11 d n v>y1 b accord+ to  
_! di/ances f po9t ,c1 !y =m v>i\s      
angles1 ac1 a'c'1 a1c11 becom+ small] & 
small]4  ,a graphomet] is n always to be

 _h4 ,:5 approximate di/ances only are  
requir$1 ! foll[+ contrivance may be    
us$4 ,trace on a c>dbo>d ( l>ge size a  
semi-circumf]5ce :i* "o divides fir/    
into #ahj equal p>ts1 !n ea* ( ^! is    
divid$ aga9 9 #b1 #c1 #d divisions1     
etc41 accord+ to ! size giv5 to !       
circumf]5ce1 :i* con/itutes a l>ge      
protractor4  ,to measure an angle place 
! c>dbo>d upright 9 an horizontal       
position1 support+ x by ! c5t] ( !      
semi-circumf]5ce by means ( a screw fix$
 on a /ick4 ,!n proce$ z /at$ above4  ,f
 a p9 /uck 9 ! c5t] m>k ! spot :]e !    
visual ray passes1 g to ,a & to ,b1 & y 
get approximately ! desir$ result4      
,practical ,trac+ ( a ,m]idian ,l9e4    
,! m]idian l9e ( a place is an imag9>y  
l9e pass+ ?r\gh ?is place & ! c5t] ( !  
sun1 :5 ! latt] is at ! highe/ po9t ( ! 
arc ( ! circle1 :i* x daily describes4  
,at t v mom5t x is noonday exactly at ! 
place 9 "q4  ,z ! position ( ! e>?      
*anges f day to day1 ! sun does n e day 
t\* ! m]idian l9e at noon2 sometimes x  

is 9 advance1 sometimes beh9d4  ,v>i\s  
in/rum5ts h be5 inv5t$ to indicate 9 a  
practical mann] ! m]idian ( a place4 ,we
 owe ! foll[+ con/ruction to ,mr4 ,e4   
,brunn] ( ! longitud9al (fice4          
,illu/ration  ,on a w9d[-sill 9 a s\!rly
 position1 fix 9 a solid1 p]man5t mann]1
 a small cupful ( quicksilv]2 cov] x ) a
 lid made ( v>ni%$ metal1 & pi]c$ 9 its 
c5t] by a small r\nd hole ab\t a qu>t] (
 an in* 9 diamet]4 ,?is lid mu/ fit     
well1 b n too tightly1 s z to p]mit its 
be+ l[]$ 9 close proximity to ! surface 
( ! quicksilv]4  ,:5 ! w9d[ is op5 !    
solit>y ray reflect$ on ! m]cury w be   
project$ on ! ceil+ ( ! room4 ,at !     
exact noonday ! c5t] ( ! mirror & ! c5t]
 ( ! reflect$ image are 9 ! m]idian     
plane4 ,x rema9s only to be trac$4  ,at 
! mom5t ( its passage "o m>ks 9 ,b1 =   
example1 a spot correspond+ to ! c5t] ( 
! reflect$ image2 "o knocks a small nail
 !re1 & ) a /r+ connect ?is po9t ) ano!r
 outside ! w9d[1 s t ! /r+ passes ?r\gh 
! c5t] ( ! diaphragm1 ,m4 ,! l9e1 ,b ,m1

 is ! m]idian plane4 ,f ,a1 susp5d a    
lead-l9e :i* meets ! /r+1 ,b ,m4  ,all y
 h to d n[ is to jo9 on ! ceil+ ! po9ts1
 ,a ,b1 & cont9ue !m to ,d4 ,a black    
?read may be /ret*$ to s]ve z ! l9e1 &  
?is is ! m]idian requir$4  ,to get !    
mean "t "o has only to note ! exact     
passage1 & d$uct ! corrections giv5 9   
v>i\s a/ronomical pap]s4     ,to        
,measure ! ,height ( a ,m\nta94   ,"o c1
 )\t in/rum5ts1 take ! height ( a build+
 or a m\nta91 provid$ y are able to     
measure _! base4 ,a y>d/ick & two ord9>y
 /icks are en\gh4 ,suppose ! height ( ! 
t[]1 ,e ,f1 is to be tak54  ,illu/ration
  ,"s di/ance (f plant a /ick1 a y>d    
high1 ,a ,b2 "o y>d f ?is we plant ano!r
 & long] "o1 ,c ,d4 ,measure exactly !  
di/ance1 ,b ,f1 & apply+ ! eye at ,a1 we
 aim at ! summit ( ! t[]1 ,e2 m>k on !  
/ick1 ,c ,d1 ! po9t :]e ! visual ray    
meets ! /ick1 i4e41 po9t ,g4  ,!n1 by   
measur+ ! di/ance1 ,d ,g1 & subtract+ "o
 y>d y get ,g ,i1 & may be express$ 9 ! 
foll[+ /atem5t3    ,a ,h 3 ,a ,i 33 ,e  

,h 3 ,g ,i  ,9 ! giv5 example let u     
suppose t ,a ,h  #aej y>ds1 ,a ,i w1 (  
c\rse1 be equal to "o y>d2 ,g ,i 1 say  
f\r fif?s ( a y>d2 ! problem w be3 #aej 
y>ds 3 #a y>d 33 x 3 f\r fif?s ( a y>d4 
,"w ! sum out1 & ! value ( x is #abj    
y>ds4  ,hav+ tak5 our lease1 ,a ,h1 at  
"o y>d f ! gr\nd1 we mu/ add "o y>d to  
#abj1 mak+ #aba y>ds1 :i* is ! height ( 
! t[] want$4     ,to ,take ,up ,f\r     
,knives ) ,"o4   ,"h is "o m trick (    
equilibrium1 :i* appe>s to be int]e/+   
en\gh to f9d a place among ^! exp]im5ts4
  ,we ne$ n give any long explanations1 
= our figure fully illu/rates ! way 9   
:i* x has to be execut$4  ,illu/ration  
,fir/ place a knife /raight be=e y1 !n  
two o!rs :i* y place1 blade ^u blade1   
ov] ! fir/4 ,f9ally1 ! two la/ ones are 
arrang$ transv]sely1 _! blades pass+ ov]
 ^? ( ! two knives put d[n 9 ! second   
in/ance1 & bel[ ! blade ( ! fir/ knife4 
,by tak+ hold ( ! h&le ( ! fir/ knife1 y
 c lift !m up all at once )\t break+ !  
equilibrium4     ,! ,tack 9 ! ,ceil+4   

,to nail a tack 9 ! ceil+ )\t hamm]1 us+
 a ladd] or *air to rea* x1 seems z     
impossible z pull+ ! moon d[n f ! sky4  
,yet1 ) a little clev]ness1 x is q an   
easy ?+ to d4  ,place a tack1 head      
d[nw>ds1 on a half doll>1 !n place a    
small piece ( tissue pap] ov] x1 s t !  
po9t ( ! tack passes ?r\gh4             
,illu/ration  ,!n turn ! sides ( ! pap] 
d[n r\nd ! co94 ,?r[ ! :ole1 po9t       
upw>ds1 viol5tly aga9/ ! ceil+1 try+ to 
keep ?is projectile ( a new description 
f turn+ ov] on its c\rse4  ,) a little  
practice ! knack is soon acquir$4 ,!    
tack ent]s ! ceil+1 ! viol5ce ( ! %ock  
te>s ! pap]1 :i*1 c>ri$ away by ! co91  
falls to ! gr\nd4  ,suppose y h a light 
object to susp5d on ! ceil+2 y may d x 9
 ?is mann] )\t mu* tr\ble4 ,simply tie a
 ?read to ! tack1 ! object be+ atta*$ to
 ! o!r end4  ,if ! projectile is well   
?r[n ! tack w g "r 91 & /ick v firmly4  
,! ,jump+ ,pea4   ,take an unbrok5 /raw1
 f\r or five in*es long1 n clos$ by     
knots1 b =m+ a tube1 & ab\t "o tw5tie? (

 an in* 9 diamet]4  ,divide "o ( its    
extremities to a l5g? ( ab\t half an in*
 9 f\r1 five or six p>ts1 :i* sep>ate   
slightly1 s z to =m a truncat$ cone4    
,aft] hav+ ?us prep>$ ! /raw1 take a dry
 pea1 ) a l>g] diamet] ?an t ( ! tube1 &
 place x 9 ! cone4 ,hold ! tube upw>ds1 
& bl[ into x at ! opposite end4         
,illu/ration  ,! pea w be =c$ upw>d by !
 air column :i* y bl[ into ! tube4 ,x w 
rema9 susp5d$ 9 ! air z long z ! int]ior
 pressure cont9ues1 !n fall back into ! 
arms ( ! cone4  ,to v>y t exp]im5t pass 
a long p9 ?r\gh ! pea1 ! po9t ( :i* is  
turn$ into ! tube4 ,:5 well ?r[n up1 !  
pea c be ma9ta9$ at a di/ance ( two or  
?ree in*es f ! m\? ( ! /raw4 ,accord+ to
 ! /rong] or weak] bla/ ( brea?1 ! pea w
 g up or d[n4     ,to ,acquire a ,true  
,eye4   ,"h is a peculi> & clev]        
recreation1 easily p]=m$1 ?\gh at fir/  
sight x may appe> difficult4  ,put a    
tumbl] upside d[n4 ,by means ( bread    
crumbs1 fix a mat* v]tically on ! top4  
,on ! edge ( ! table place ano!r mat*1  

p>tly rais$ on a piece ( cork or wood4  
,/oop d[n & aim at ! v]tical mat* on !  
glass1 s t ! "o on ! table is 9 ! exact 
l9e ( fire4  ,:5 y ?9k x is aim$        
/raight1 give x a fillip on ! l[] end1 x
 w %oot up & t\* ! "o plac$ on ! glass  
if ! aim be good4  ,illu/ration  ,if y  
succe$1 y may congratulate y\rself on   
hav+ good eyes--a v desirable gift if y 
%\ld h to h&le a gun1 z a soldi] or a   
sportsman4     ,! ,air-,tight ,/opp]4   
,h[ _m times has x happ5$ to y1 :5 want+
 to cork a bottle1 t ! int5d$ cork 0 too
 l>ge to ent] ! neck8  ,:at h y done8   
,cut ! cork all r\nd1 & obta9$1 b       
imp]fectly1 ! desir$ end4  ,illu/ration 
,next "t :5 ! same occasion arises1 turn
 ! difficulty 9 ?is way3 ,in/ead (      
attack+ ! sides1 cut f\r not*es1        
bevel-%ap$1 into ! cork z %[n 9 !       
figure4  ,treat$ 9 ?is mann] y\r cork w 
fit1 & close ! bottle h]metically4      
,! ,fusee ,rocket4   ,= ?is y only want 
a simple mat* box4 ,take out a mat*1 &  
hold+ x on to ! box z %[n 9 figure1     

i4e41 hold ! box a little slant+1 betwe5
 ! ?umb & =ef+]1 & place ! mat* head    
d[nw>ds on ! side ( ! em]y pap]1 :]e !  
mat* ignites :5 rubb$ aga9/4  ,) m$ium  
=ce press on ! mat* & ) ! o!r h& give x 
a fillip 9 ! direction indicat$ by !    
arr[4  ,! little missile w fly into !   
air all ablaze1 & fall d[n at a di/ance 
( f\r1 five1 or ev5 six y>ds4  ,) a     
little practice y w succe$ ea* "t4 ,x   
looks l a small rocket1 especially :5   
done 9 complete d>kness4  ,illu/ration  
,be c>eful to make ! exp]im5t only :]e  
!re is no dang] ( sett+ any?+ on fire4  
,a ,novel ,table ,mat4   ,to con/ruct   
?is orig9al table mat #f objects1 always
 at h& :5 table is laid = a meal1 are   
requir$2 #c knives & ?ree tumbl]s (     
equal size & arrange ! tumbl]s upside   
d[n1 9 ! =m ( a triangle1 & on ea* ( !m 
re/ ! h&le ( a knife4 ,cross ! blades s 
t ! fir/ laid passes ov] ! second & !   
second ov] ! ?ird1 ?is latt] pass+ ov] !
 fir/ ,x4  ,illu/ration  ,! blades su/a9
 !mselves & y may place on !m a di% or  

any o!r heavy object1 )\t be+ afraid ( a
 collapse4  ,! arrangem5t is suffici5tly
 %[n 9 ! design ) out requir+ m detail$ 
explanation4     ,geometrical ,pap] ,b&4
   ,take a b& ( pap]1 say a po/al       
wrapp]2 y obs]ve t x has two l9es & two 
surfaces 7int]ior surface & ext]ior     
surface47 ,! problem is to arrange x s t
 x pres5ts only "o l9e & "o surface4 ,x 
may seem improbable1 yet x is possible z
 y w see4 ,cut ! b& & gum toge!r aga9 ! 
two pieces ?us sep>at$1 aft] hav+ turn$ 
ov] "o ( !m z %[n 9 figure z above4     
,arrang$ 9 ?is mann] ! pap] has b "o l9e
 & "o surface1 = x has ! aspect ( a     
screw )\t end4  ,illu/ration            
,photographic ,cam]a4   ,"h is a simple 
way to con/ruct a cam]a = a pocket      
photographic app>atus4  ,illu/ration3   
,fig4 #a4  ,cut out ( /rong c>dbo>d a   
piece ( ab\t #b to #b-a_/d in*es squ>e4 
,9 ! middle cut out a circle a little   
small] ?an ! l5s ) :i* y cov] x1 s t ?is
 l5s holds on ! edge ( ! hole4  ,cut out
 also two triangles ( c>dbo>d1 hav+ "o  

side equal to ! squ>e1 & a l5g? 9       
proportion to ! focus ( ! l5s2 say = a  
simple l5s ( #c in* focus1 & "o in*     
diamet]1 a l5g? ( "o & a half in*es4    
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4  ,pa/e ! two    
triangles on ! squ>e at ,a & ,b1 _! base
 ,c mu/ hold a rectangul> mirror ( !    
same dim5sions z ! side ,c ( ! squ>e & !
 side ( ! triangles4 ,on side ,d fix a  
r\gh5$ glass pane1 or in/ead1 a ?9      
transp>5t %eet ( pap]2 tissue pap] =    
example4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4  ,cut 
a black piece ( c>dbo>d z indicat$ 9    
,fig4 #c ,c2 ! dott$ l9es indicate !    
sides to be turn$ d[n4 ,?is %ade is fix$
 on to ! cam]a4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4
  ,pass ?r\gh ! holes1 ,s ,s1 an iron   
rod or a long ne$le1 :i* mu/ pass       
likewise ?r\gh ! upp] angle ( !         
triangles1 =m+ ! sides1 7,fig4 #a74 ,:5 
y\r l5s has be5 fix$ on ! r\nd hole ( ! 
squ>e y\r cam]a is complete4  ,! %ade   
produces complete obscurity s t !       
op]ator c see 9 ! middle ( ! cam]a !    
object or p]son he wi%es to photograph4 

,9 ord] to fix x on ! photographic      
app>atus1 "o may fa/5 a wire1 9 ! =m (  
an elongat$ ,u1 j bel[ ! mirror at ,e4  
,! ,phantom ,ne$le4   ,y "k t :5 y sit  
at a w9d[ ) a look+-glass 9 y\r h&1 y c 
cat* a beam ( sunlight on ! glass & ?r[ 
x into ! eyes ( a p]son on ! o!r side ( 
! /reet4  ,illu/ration  ,:at h y done 9 
?is case8 ,y answ] at once t y h b5t !  
sunlight out ( its c\rse & turn$ x 9    
ano!r direction4 ,if ! glass 7 n !re x  
w\ld fall 9 a /raight l9e on ! w9d[     
seat4 ,?is b5d+ out ( ! /raight l9e is  
call$ reflection4  ,n[ = an exp]im5t2   
cut a small r\nd piece ( cork1 n q half 
an in* ?ick4 ,run a ne$le into its c5t] 
& place x 9 a tumbl] two-?irds full (   
wat]1 ne$le d[nw>ds4  ,look+ d[n on !   
cork y _c see ! ne$le4 ,n[ alt] y\r     
position1 & /oop d[n s t y\r eye is on  
level ) ! table on :i* ! glass /&s4 ,!n 
y w p]ceive ! ne$le to be on ! top ( !  
cork4  ,?is app>5t topsy-turveydom is   
call$ total reflection4 ,! ne$le is     
reflect$ on ! top ( ! wat]1 & z ! ray f 

y\r eye meets ! top ( ! wat]1 y see !   
ne$le1 z x 71 on ! top ( ! cork4        
,amphitrite4   ,at fairs1 & 9 halls (   
my/]ies a v>iety ( optical illusions are
 pres5t$4 ,"u ! "n ( ,amphitrite1 !     
spectacle is sometimes ( a woman :o     
seems to rise f ! deep1 moves ab\t 9 !  
empty space1 app>5tly )\t be+ su/a9$ by 
any?+ or anybody4  ,%e seems completely 
isolat$ 9 mid-air4 ,%e turns ab\t1      
sometimes 9 a circle1 mov+ n[ ! legs1 !n
 ! arms4 ,!n aft] sev]al graceful       
evolutions 9 all directions1 %e /&s     
/raight & desc5ds rapidly1 seem+ly      
precipitat$ into a decorat$ sc5]y       
repres5t+ ! ocean4  ,illu/ration  ,!    
illusion is produc$ 9 ?is way3 ,beh9d a 
well-/ret*$ musl9 curta91 ,m ,m1 is     
pa9t$ ,d ,d1 ) ! sky & cl\ds1 bel[ a    
canvas repres5t+ ! sea4 ,9 front1 9 !   
direction ( ,g ,g1 is a mirror1 )\t     
quicksilv] back1 incl9$ at an angle (   
=ty-five degrees4  ,bel[ ! mirror is a  
r\nd table mov+ on a pivot1 & on ?is !  
actress1 :o takes ! "p ( ! ,amphitrite1 

lays d[n4  ,9 execut+ v>i\s movem5ts1 ! 
table 9 turn+1 reflects 9 ! glass !     
image ( ! p]son on :om a vivid light is 
?r[n4 ,! spectators plac$ at ,s see !   
image on ! canvas at ! back1 ,d ,d4 ,:5 
! "t comes = mak+ ! lady disappe>       
altoge!r1 ! table1 :i* glides on rails1 
is drawn (f ! /age1 & ,amphitrite seems 
to plunge into ! wat]s4 ,x is by ?is    
process t ! spect]s & gho/s at ! !at]s  
are produc$4  ,y c p]=m ?is illusion1   
bas$ on ! reflection ( ! light at home1 
9 r$uc+ its con/ruction to ! simple     
proportions ( a small !at] ( m>ionettes4
     ,optical ,illusions4   ,illusions (
 ! eye are numb]less1 & af=d a wide     
field = exp]im5t4 ,= example1 if y ask  
any "o we>+ a silk high hat1 to :at     
height he ?9ks 8 hat w\ld rea* if plac$ 
on ! gr\nd aga9/ ! wall or door4 ,n9e   
times out ( t5 ! m>k ( ! height guess$ w
 be half z mu* aga91 at lea/ a ?ird ov] 
! real height ( ! hat4  ,illu/ration    
,aga91 repres5ts two triangles4 ,ask :i*
 is ! "o ^: c5t] is ! bett] indicat$4 ,e

 "o w say1 8triangle ,a40 ,well1 e "o w 
be wrong1 x is ,b4 ,take a pair (       
compasses & y w easily prove x4         
,illu/ration  ,! same occurs ) ! above  
figure4 ,! two p>allelograms1 ,a ,b1 are
 absolutely equal1 & yet ,a appe>s to be
 l>g] ?an ,b4 ,! two l9es1 ,a & ,b are  
bo? ( equal l5g?2 yet ,b seems a ?ird   
long] ?an ,a4  ,! sides1 ,,ab1 ,,cd1    
,,bd ( ! middle figure1 ,,be1 ,,am1     
,,em1 etc41 are equal1 yet x seems to ! 
eye t ! surface1 ,a ,b ,e ,m1 is long]  
?an ! squ>e ,a ,b ,c ,d4  ,!re is ano!r 
deception ! eye is liable to4 ,on a %eet
 ( pap] trace sev]al circles1 hav+ !    
same c5t]4 ,place ! %eet on y\r ?umb &  
turn x horizontally1 x w !n seem to y z 
if ! r\nds turn$1 ?\gh y wat* ) ! utmo/ 
att5tion1 ! illusion w be complete4     
,illu/ration  ,9 ord] to t]m9ate ?is    
s]ies1 :i* c be v>i$ inf9itely1 we w1 9 
our turn1 ask y ?is "q3 ,:i* is ! talle/
 man ( ! ?ree p]sonages appe>+ 9 !      
adjo9+ figure8 ,is x ! fir/1 ! la/1 or !
 middle "o8  ,try to f9d out )\t any    

in/rum5t ( c\rse1 simply by ! aid ( y\r 
eyes :i* y suppose exact & true4 ,x w   
appe> to y at fir/ sight t ! arti/ has  
made a mi/ake1 & has made a bad draw+4  
,! la/ seems ! talle/1 :]eas ! fir/     
seems %ort5$4  ,illu/ration  ,h[ev]1    
measure ) a pair ( compasses1 & !       
illusion w at once disappe>4 ,!         
draughtsman 0 n mi/ak52 ! fir/ is !     
talle/1 & ! two o!rs g dim9i%+ 9 height4
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,?is t]m9ates our exp]im5ts on      
optical illusions & y w n[ ent] ^u ano!r
 field ( k altoge!r4     ,! ,ins5sible  
,co94   ,cut a piece ( c>dbo>d ab\t six 
in*es long1 & by /ick+ ! extremities    
toge!r ) a p91 or ) gum1 =m a circle or 
r+4 ,balance x c>efully on ! neck ( a   
w9e bottle or decant]1 & on ! top ( ! r+
 place a dime1 exactly ov] ! neck ( !   
bottle4 ,n[ ! trick to be p]=m$ is to   
take (f ! r+ s t1 )\t t\*+ x1 ! co9     
falls into ! bottle4 ,on ! inn] side ( !
 r+ give a %>p knock ) ! f+]1 or1 bett] 
/ill1 ) ! ?umb & =ef+]1 z 9 %oot+ a     

m>ble1 z %[n 9 figure4 ,! r+ w come (f1 
& ! co9 :i* on acc\nt ( its in]tia1 does
 n p>ticipate 9 ! movem5t1 w infallibly 
fall into ! bottle4 ,x is absolutely    
necess>y to /rike ! int]ior ( ! circle1 
because 9 /rik+ x f ! outside "o w\ld n 
get any result at all1 on acc\nt ( !    
ela/icity ( ! c>dbo>d4  ,illu/ration    
,! ,asses' ,bridge4   ,e s*oolboy kn[s  
:i* is ! fam\s geometrical !orem1       
commonly call$ ! ,asses' ,bridge1 & :i* 
is prop\nd$ z foll[s3  ,illu/ration  ,! 
squ>e con/ruct$ on ! hypot5use ( a "r   
angl$ triangle is equival5t to ! sum ( !
 squ>es con/ruct$ on ! two o!r sides4   
,if we _h only to prop\nd ?is t]rible   
!orem1 x w\ld be an easy matt]1 b ! "q  
is to prove x by ,a & ,b1 & by means ( !
 triangles1 simil> angles1 equival5ts1  
etc4 ,well1 in/ead ( all ?is1 we give "h
 a v simple way to prove ! tru?2 if n q 
p$agogic1 x is none ! less real4  ,trace
 on a piece ( c>dbo>d or ?ick pap] a    
squ>e1 & divide into #di p>ts4 ,?is     
done1 cut x out 9 foll[+ ! big l9es4    

,take out on ! c5t] "o division1 :i* add
 to ! small squ>e1 & !n con/ruct !      
figure #b4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4  ,! 
"r-angl$ triangle ,a ,c ,d w be f\nd by 
! sides ( ! ?ree squ>es1 & ! sum ( ! two
 small squ>es con/ruct$ on ! two sides (
 ! triangle w be equival5t to ! great   
squ>e con/ruct$ on ! hypot5use4         
,effectively3    ,squ>e ,no4 #a has  #i 
divisions4   ,squ>e ,no4 #b has #af     
divisions4                    --        
,toge!r    #be                      ,& !
 squ>e ,no4 #c has also #be divisions4  
,!re=e ! !orem is prov$4     ,ano!r ,way
 to ,prove ! ,prec$+ ,!orem4   ,9 a     
squ>e ,a ,b ,d ,c1 trace f\r simil> &   
equal triangles2 cut !m out & dispose !m
 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,y w h 9 ! middle an 
empty space =m+ a great squ>e1 :i* j has
 "o ( ! sides ( ! hypot5use ( ! "r-angl$
 triangle ,a ,e ,b4  ,illu/ration       
,trace ! outl9es ( ?is squ>e & rem\nt ! 
triangles "o aga9/ ! o!r1 ,h ,c ,e1     
aga9/ ,a ,e ,b1 & ,c ,d ,g1 aga9/ ,b ,f 
,g1 y w get ! ,fig4 bel[4  ,illu/ration3

 ,fig4 #a4  ,! successively cov]$ &     
uncov]$ p>ts ( ! two squ>es h n *ang$ 9 
ext5t4 ,b ?is "t ! uncov]$ "p is =m$ ( !
 two squ>es #b & #c :i* correspond to ^?
 con/ruct$ on ! two o!r sides ( !       
triangle1 ,a ,e ,b4  ,?is v simple      
demon/ration has ! advantage ( be+      
applicable to any rectangle4     ,ind5t$
 ,angles4   ,giv5 two %eets ( pap] ( !  
same size & =m ( a rectangle1 fold !m   
bo? 9 f\r equal p>ts1 "o l5g?wise & !   
o!r sideways1 z %[n bel[4  ,illu/ration3
 ,fig4 #a4  ,:5 s fold$ take a f\r? "p  
(f ea*4 ,"p ,a 9 ! figures4 ,! "q is n[ 
to cov] q exactly "o ( ! rema9+ surfaces
 ) ! o!r1 9 cutt+ ! latt] 9 two p]fectly
 equal p>ts4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4   
,to resolve ?is "q take ! surface 7p>ts 
,a hav+ be5 deta*$71 ) :i* x is int5d$  
to cov] ! o!r1 fold x aga9 into equal   
p>ts1 b ?is "t 9 ! opposite way to ! "o 
9 :i* x 0 fold$ fir/1 z indicat$ 9 ,fig4
 #d3 cut x out !n 9 foll[+ ! dott$ l9e1 
,f ,l1 =m$ by ! m>ks ( ! fold2 ?is done 
"o w obta9 two p>ts absolutely equal1 ,f

 ,l4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4  ,9 ord]  
to cov] ! o!r surface1 ,fig4 #c1 all t  
is n[ necess>y is to l[] ! angles1 viz43
 angle ,a'1 mu/ be 9 front ( angle ,a1  
angle ,b' 9 front ( angle ,b1 & angle   
,c' 9 front ( angle ,c4 ,:5 ! angles are
 l[]$ 9 ?is way1 ! two surfaces w be q  
simil>1 & c be cov]$ "o by ! o!r4       
,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4  ,?is exp]im5t c
 be made ei!r ) "o or ! o!r %eet1 9 l[]+
 or rais+ ! angles4  ,9 ! example %[n "h
 x is ! f\r? ,figure :i* is de/9$ to    
cov] ! o!r "o4  ,:5 ! op]ation is       
t]m9at$ z indicat$ above1 "p ,m1 ( ,fig4
 #d1 w be at ,m' ( ,fig4 #c1 & "p ,o at 
,o' ( ! cov]t figure4     ,a ,*eap      
,%oot+ ,gall]y4   ,) a :alebone /ay     
busk1 make a b[ & draw a t>get on a c>d4
 ,= ! arr[s1 divide l5g?wise a /eel nib1
 *oos+ long %ap$ ones 9 ! =m ( a lance &
 fix ea* "p at ! end ( a mat*4 ,y n[ h  
complete a saloon %oot+ gall]y1         
in(f5sive & suffici5tly recreative at   
lea/ = y\r small] fri5ds4  ,illu/ration 
,! ,co9 9 ,equilibrium4   ,"h is a      

curi\s demon/ration ( ! balanc+ ( bodies
 hav+ _! c5t] ( gravity displac$ by a   
c\nt]poise4  ,we propose to keep a co9  
horizontally 9 equilibrium on ! rim ( a 
tumbl]1 & x mu/ re/ on ! glass only by  
its extreme edge1 z %[n by ! figure :i* 
gives ! complete demon/ration4          
,illu/ration  ,take a silv] doll> &     
place x betwe5 ! prongs ( two =ks cov]+ 
ea* o!r1 !n place ! edge ( ! co9 ^u !   
glass & draw ! h&les ( ! =ks toge!r1 or 
di/5d !m till ! :ole are balanc$4 ,!    
c5t] ( gravity w !n be at ! po9t (      
contact1 & y may give a slight sw+ )\t !
 risk ( break+ ! equilibrium ?us obta9$4
     ,! ,subm]g$ ,co94   ,9 ord] to make
 ! previ\s exp]im5t m significant1 y may
 pres5t x also 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,9 a   
s\p plate place a co92 beside ! latt] an
 inv]t$ glass1 !n p\r wat] into ! plate 
j to cov] ! co94 ,y !n in=m ! spectators
 t y w )draw ! co9 f ! plate )\t wett+  
y\r f+]s4 ,y w meet ) a great deal (    
disbelief f _m ( y\r fri5ds look+ on4   
,leave !m 9 d\bt z to ! success ( y\r   

op]ation4  ,cut a r\nd piece (f a cork1 
on ! top ( :i* place "s pieces ( pap] & 
mat*es1 pu% ! :ole und]nea? ! glass1    
light ! mat*es & wait4 ,z soon z !      
combu/ion is ov]1 y w see ! wat] leave !
 plate & ent] ! glass1 :]e9 x rises1    
leav+ ! piece absolutely dry at ! bottom
 ( ! plate4 ,y c !n execute :at y (f]$  
at fir/--take out ! co9 )\t wett+ y\r   
f+]s4  ,illu/ration  ,z a v>iation ( !  
prec$+ exp]im5t1 obta9 a flat-bottom$   
tumbl] or glass goblet 7b ! bottom mu/  
be flat71 a pocket h&k]*ief & a co94 ,^!
 are to be se5 by ev]ybody pres5t4      
,procure a wat* glass1 or a r\nd piece (
 glass l an eye-glass4 ,?is is n to be  
%[n4  ,n[ %[ to ! by/&]s t y place ! co9
 7say a fifty-c5t piece1 = example7 9 ! 
middle ( ! h&k]*ief1 &1 ?r[+ back two   
sides ( ! latt]1 po9t out aga9 t ! co9  
is /ill 9 its place4  ,to %[ t !re is no
 deception ask someone to hold ! co9 9 !
 h&k]*ief4  ,!n place und]nea? x a glass
 conta9+ a little wat] & call out1      
8,hey1 ,pre/o6 ,fly60  ,! p]son lets g (

 ! co9 & ! noise ( its fall+ to ! bottom
 ( ! glass is pla9ly he>d4  ,y take up !
 h&k]*ief1 & e "o is a/oni%$ at !       
disappe>ance ( ! co91 :i* y c produce f 
ano!r p]son's hat4  ,really ! trick is v
 simple4 ,= ! co9 suppos$ to be held 9 !
 h&k]*ief y mu/ dext]\sly sub/itute !   
wat* glass or eye glass4 ,! p]son hold+ 
x1 ( c\rse1 decl>es he has ! co9 fa/4   
,:5 he drops ! eye glass x makes ! same 
noise aga9/ ! tumbl] z w\ld ! co91 ?\gh1
 ( c\rse1 x _c be se5 9 ! wat]4  ,x is a
 capital trick if smoo?ly p]=m$4     ,! 
,smoke ,r+s4   ,:5 ! air ( a room is v  
calm1 h y ev] notic$ t tobacco smoke    
rises sl[ly & 9 a ne>ly v]tical         
direction8 ,h y nev] wat*$ ) int]e/ !   
grayi% or blui% /reaks ( smoke issu+ f !
 smoke ( a cig> or pipe8 ,& 9 see+ !    
smoke rise 9 su* a caprici\s fa%ion1 h y
 ev] asc]ta9$ t x is due to ! calm ( !  
surr\nd+ air8  ,"o may get "s amusem5t  
out ( ! agitation ( ! atmosph]e4 ,= !   
mat]ials y only require a squ>e or r\nd 
c>dbo>d box1 9 ! lid ( :i* cut a r\nd   

hole ( ab\t two in*es 9 diamet]4 ,9 !   
int]ior ( ! box place two %eets ( blott+
 pap]1 ! "o impregnat$ ) muriatic acid1 
! o!r ) ammoniac1 9 equal quantities4   
,imm$iately a :iti% smoke w escape ?r\gh
 ! hole & rise /raight to ! ceil+4 ,if )
 bo? h&s y give a s]ies ( simultane\s   
taps on ! sides ( ! box1 y w see ! smoke
 issue 9 well def9$ r+s1 :i* w disp]se  
rapidly 9 ! air1 & succe$ ea* o!r z long
 z y cont9ue ! pressure4 ,^! r+s are !  
result ( ! concussion ( ! air :i* y     
occasion 9 ! box4 ,! exp]im5ts c be made
 also ) ord9>y tobacco smoke1 b x w la/ 
long] 9 ! way we h indicat$4            
,illu/ration     ,! ,walk+ ,cork4       
,/ick two knives 9 a cork1 on ! same    
level1 & opposite ea* o!r1 s z to =m a  
balance4 ,9 ! bottom ( ! cork1 at an    
equal di/ance1 ins]t two p9s1           
suffici5tly deep n to b5d "u ! weight   
:i* !y w h to c>ry4 ,re/ ! p9s on a flat
 rul]1 slightly incl9$1 & give !m a     
slight balanc+ movem5t4 ,! weight ( !   
app>atus w fall on ! p91 ,a1 on :i* !   

:ole turns ! knife plac$ at ! side1 ,b1 
w knock aga9/ ! support1 & w t5d to br+ 
! app>atus aga9 into its orig9al        
position z ! oscillat+ movem5t cont9ues1
 p91 ,b1 w1 9 its turn1 support ! :ole  
weight1 & p91 ,a1 w %ift on to ! o!r    
po9t1 ,a1 indicat$ 9 ! figure4 ,! walk+ 
cork w ?us cont9ue its movem5t till x   
has gone ov] ! c\rse assign$ to x4 ,?is 
recreation is int]e/+1 = x demon/rates  
once m t all bodies are attract$ by !   
e>?1 & t1 z soon z !y are ?r[n (f _!    
balance !y obey ! =ce :i* con/antly     
draws !m d[n4  ,illu/ration     ,!      
,ob/9ate ,cork4   ,take a glass or metal
 tube1 clos$ at "o end1 & cut a /opp] 9 
cork or india-rubb] to its size s t x   
closes ! tube h]metically1 & take c>e t 
x glides 9 ! tube )\t difficulty1 &     
pi]ce x ) a hole4 ,on ! top ( ?is hole  
adapt a small piece ( lea!r1 r l>g] ?an 
! hole1 :i* y mu/ take c>e to wet be=e  
proce$+ ) ! foll[+ exp]im5t4 ,9 ord] to 
be able to )draw ! cork :5 9 ! tube1 y  
take ! precaution to fa/5 9 x bo? ends (

 a piece ( /r+1 z indicat$ 9 ! figure4  
,illu/ration  ,^! v>i\s objects be+     
prep>$1 w s]ve to demon/rate once m !   
atmosph]ic pressure4  ,lift ! valve up1 
=ce ! cork into ! tube t[>ds ! middle1 &
 :5 !re1 put ! valve 9 its place aga91 &
 pull quickly on ! /r+ z if try+ to pull
 ! cork out4 ,! latt] w n come out1 = ! 
reason t produc+ a vacuum be=e itself1 !
 atmosph]ic prep>e w prev5t x f com+    
out4 ,b if in/ead y draw x g5tly t[>ds  
y1 x w (f] mu* less resi/ance1 because !
 out] air w ent] ?r\gh ! smalle/ int]val
 betwe5 ! cork & ! glass1 & p>tly de/roy
 ! ext]ior pressure4     ,petroleum     
,pulv]iz]4   ,) ! aid ( ! compress$ air 
res]voir y are able to conduct v>i\s    
sold]+ op]ations1 requir+ (t5 great     
heat4  ,let u con/ruct ! foll[+         
pulv]iz]3  ,into a bottle ( ! %ape %[n 9
 ! figure1 put "s petroleum1 & introduce
 a glass tube t does n q rea* ! bottom4 
,close ) wax t no air c ent]1 & at !    
upp] extremity ( ! tube let a fitt+ be  
emb$d$1 a section ( :i* is %[n 9 !      

engrav+4 ,?is fitt+ has ?ree op5+s1 two 
horizontals & "o correspond+ ) ! tube t 
is plugg$ into ! petroleum4             
,illu/ration  ,adju/ ! india-rubb] tube 
to ! res]voir1 & :5 ! pressure is       
ex]cis$ on ! surface ( ! liquid x w =ce 
! petroleum upw>ds ?r\gh ! tube1 & !nce 
x w be bl[n 9 a f9e spray1 :i* burns z  
if com+ out ( an ord9>y burn]4 ,!       
p>ticles ( oil are mix$ ) air1 &        
consequ5tly ! atoms ( air are heat$ to a
 high degree4 ,?is jet develops a heat (
 great int5sity4  ,?is pulv]iz] may s]ve
 also to dis9fect rooms4 ,y h only to   
replace ! petroleum ) an antiseptic     
liquid4     ,electric ,attraction &     
,repulsion4   ,! poles ( ! same sign    
repel1 & ! contr>y poles attract ea*    
o!r1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! negative1 or !  
positive electricity attracts !         
electricity ( a contr>y sign1 :]eas !   
electricities ( ! same signs repel ea*  
o!r4  ,9 ord] to demon/rate ?is pr9ciple
 we w contrive a little play?+ :i* w be 
z int]e/+ z amus+ to see 9 op]ation4    

,illu/ration  ,= a pivot take a ne$le   
/uck 9 a cork1 &1 z magnetic ne$les1 two
 old corset /eels w d v well4 ,if ^! _c 
be _h a clock spr+ may d in/ead4        
,magnetize ^! two /eel rods by rubb+ !m 
) a magnet4 ,9 ! middle ( "o ( ! rods   
pun* a small holl[ s t x may freely move
 on ! ne$le 9 ! cork )\t fe> ( fall+ (f4
 ,y h ?us manufactur$ a r\gh compass4   
,!n cut out f\r dolls 9 pap]1 two       
g5tlem5 & two ladies1 & /ick !m 9 !     
extremities ( ! two magnetiz$ ne$les4   
,rememb] to put at ea* end a figure ( ! 
opposite sex4  ,n[1 ea* "t y pres5t a   
man to ! o!r man1 :i* is plac$ on !     
magnetiz$ ne$le1 !y w repel ea* o!r2 if 
to a lady1 ! dolls are attract$4  ,!    
explanation is easy4 ,y w h tak5 c>e to 
put ! puppets on contr>y poles3 a man on
 ! positive pole1 a lady on ! negative  
pole4 ,9 ?is way ! pr9ciple enunciat$   
above is ?or\ghly prov$ & easily grasp$4
  ,"o may easily v>y ?is exp]im5t by    
replac+ ! g5tlem5 & ladies by p]sonages 
( actual notoriety1 or ( ! company1 9   

plac+ !m 9 gr\ps :i* h a mutual dislike 
to ea* o!r1 su* z ! s*oolma/] & pupil1  
etc4     ,! ,bu/ ( ! ,sage4   ,e p]son  
wond]s h[ ! s5sational decapitation sc5e
 is produc$4  ,to all appe>ance a head  
is ?ru/ ?r\gh ! neck op5+ ( a guillot9e1
 ! knife desc5ds & ! head is cut (f4    
,h[ev]1 9 ord] t none ( ! fair sex may  
be al>m$1 x may be v>i$ z foll[s3  ,9 a 
cab9et a mirror is set across1 slop+ f !
 top at ! back to ! front4 ,x reflects !
 ceil+1 :i* is cov]$ ) ! same mat]ial z 
t :i* is se5 ( ! floor 9 front ( !      
mirror4 ,9 ! c5t] ( ! glass is cut a    
hole :i* admits ( ! pass+ ?r\gh ( a     
man's head4 ,he sits or /&s 9 "u ! glass
 at 8 ease4 ,! front edge ( ! mirror is 
conceal$ by a few a/ronomical &         
geographical in/rum5ts1 old folio books1
 skulls1 etc4  ,! head & %\ld]s are made
 up & drap$ l "o ( ! sev5 wise m5 (     
,greece1 & he answ]s que/ions 9 a grave1
 port5t\s voice4     ,! ,wit*]y ( ! ,h&4
   ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! exi/5ce ( animal
 magnetism ! foll[+ app>atus1 v simple1 

& n at all difficult to con/ruct1 answ]s
 p]fectly4  ,/ick a p9 9 a cork1 po9t   
upw>ds4 ,on t pivot place horizontally a
 %eet ( pap] s t x rema9s 9 p]fect      
equilibrium4  ,illu/ration  ,if y n[ put
 y\r h& ov] ! %eet ( pap]1 a rot>y      
movem5t w manife/ itself1 ! %eet sw]v+ f
 "r to left4 ,?is movem5t is caus$ by ! 
influ5ce ( ! h&'s magnetism4     ,!     
,p]spectograph4   ,?is simple in/rum5t1 
inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,j>lot1 r5d]s ! trac+ ( a
 sket* extremely easy1 besides avoid+   
absolutely faults ( p]spective1 :i* is1 
)\t d\bt1 ! pr9cipal advantage ( ?is    
in/rum5t4 ,?anks to x1 "o obta9s an easy
 reproduction on "o plane ( objects     
plac$ on diff]5t planes4  ,"h is a      
description ( ?is v simple in/rum5t4 ,a 
wood5 frame ,a ,b ,c ,d1 ) a slot 9 !   
side1 ,a ,b1 9 :i* a pane ( glass c     
slide s z to cov] ! :ole space ( !      
frame1 a1 b1 c1 d1 is fix$ on a /&4     
,illu/ration  ,! frame is ma9ta9$ 9 a   
p]fectly horizontal position by means ( 
a wat] level n n'1 plac$ on ! l[] side (

 ! frame4 ,at ,e is a small rule mov+ on
 a h+e at ,e1 all[+ ! angle to be v>i$  
at ! plane ,a ,b ,c ,d1 by re/+ x on two
 supports ,e ,e'4  ,! supports !mselves 
move r\nd on an axle fix$ on ! rule4 ,at
 ! extremity ,e' ( ?is rule is fix$ a   
copp] blade curv$ 9 ,e'1 ,c'1 & pi]c$ by
 a small hole ( ab\t an eigh? ( an in* 9
 circumf]5ce1 ! edges are made ?9n] z   
repres5t$ 9 ! diagram plac$ above2 !    
wid5$ "p is turn$ t[>d ! frame4  ,s mu* 
= ! body ( ! in/rum5t1 n[ = !           
accessories4 ,9 ! slot left 9 side1 ,a  
,b ,c ,d1 l[] a glass pane cov]+ !      
space1 a1 b1 c1 d1 :i* is n1 h[ev]1 a   
necess>y condition1 x dep5ds on ! size (
 ! design y desire to take4  ,?is pane  
requires a little prep>ation4 ,x is done
 9 ?is way3 ,"o *ooses a pane ( ! desir$
 glass1 z free z possible f defects4    
,cov] "o side only ) turp5t9e1 & :i* y  
"k is a natural v>ni%4  ,see t ?is coat+
 is z ?9 z possible1 & to ensure ?is1 g 
ov] ! surface ) a v s(t bru% /eep$ 9 !  
liquid4 ,:5 y see t ! latt] does n run  

any m1 leave (f bru%+4 ,let x dry = two 
days if necess>y2 take c>e1 mean:ile1 to
 protect ! v>ni%$ side f du/4  ,n[ x    
rema9s only to %[ ! use ( ! in/rum5t4   
,put y\rself 9 front ( ! object y wi% to
 repres5t4 ,put ! frame 9 a p]fectly    
horizontal position1 slide ! pane 9 x1 &
 dispose ! rule1 ,e ,e' 7,fig4 #b71 9   
su* a mann] t1 :5 look+ ?r\gh ! little  
hole1 ,o1 y are able to see ! object y  
want to draw4  ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4  
,!n1 ) a blue or o!r color$ p5cil1 trace
 ! outl9es ( ! object on ! glass coat$ )
 turp5t9e1 ! use ( ! latt] be+ to all[ !
 p5cil m>ks to fix itself on ! surface4 
,"o sees t ! outl9es ?us obta9$ w be ^? 
( ! real object z cle>ly z possible     
because !y are trac$ z se51 s to speak4 
,b ! pr9cipal object ( ! in/rum5t is n s
 mu* exactness ( outl9e z to get ! exact
 proportion exi/+ betwe5 ! diff]5t sizes
 ( ! objects plac$ 9 diff]5t planes4 ,we
 w try to %[ ?is la/ result by means (  
ano!r figure4  ,suppose ,a ,b to be an  
object situat$ at a c]ta9 di/ance f !   

eye po/$ at o1 ! rays f ! eye1 ,o ,a ,o 
,b1 meets ! in/rum5t at a & b1 & ! image
 ( ?is object is giv5 by ! l9e1 a b4    
,n[1 suppose ,a' ,b' to be ano!r object 
situat$ beyond ,a ,b2 ! eye has n *ang$ 
position1 x _c d s1 ) ref]5ce to !      
glass1 on acc\nt ( ! small rule :i* is  
fix$2 ! image ( ! object ,a' ,b'1 w be  
a' b'2 ?us1 "o has ! true dim5sions (   
,a' ,b'1 9 respect to ,a ,b4  ,x is     
precisely ?is proportion :i* mu/ exi/   
betwe5 ! sizes ( ! objects plac$ 9      
diff]5t planes1 :i* con/itute           
p]spective4 ,! in/rum5t1 !re=e1 well    
des]ves its "n ( ,p]spectograph4  ,x w  
be obs]v$ t ?is app>atus obviates two   
difficulties3 #a1 t ( ! exactness ( !   
sket*1 9 copy+ nature z x is pres5t$ to 
! eye2 #b1 t ( p]spective4 ,hav+ ! sket*
 on glass x is easy to transf] x on     
pap]4 ,lift up ! rule1 ,e ,e'1 s z n to 
be 9 ! way1 place oil$ or transp>5t pap]
 on ! glass1 & c\nt]-draw ! sket* on x4 
,y c !n /ick ?is pap] on a c>dbo>d1 &1  
if ! op]ator is a design]1 he may       

reproduce 9 crayon a v f9e draw+4 ,= !  
%ad+ he mu/ use 8 own tal5t1 ! aim ( !  
in/rum5t n be+ to give a f9i%$ draw+1 b 
only a sket*1 vigor\sly exact1 & 9      
unexceptionable p]spective4  ,?is       
in/rum5t is (t5 v conv5i5t4 ,:5 wi%+ to 
h a true sket*1 y trace x on ! glass2 y 
!n transf] x to an oil-pap]1 & aga9 on  
draw+ pap] if ! =m] is n to be us$4     
,besides1 if "o has an exact sket* on   
:atev] pap]1 y may reproduce x 9 freeh&1
 if y are bless$ ) any idea ( draw+4    
,if ! v>ni%$ plane has to s]ve aga91 wa%
 x ) w>m wat]1 & let x get dry2 !n !    
v>ni%+ c be done ov] aga94     ,camphor 
9 ,wat]4   ,if y put v small pieces (   
camphor on ! wat]1 y w see !m turn r\nd 
ea* o!r ) great velocity4 ,^! movem5ts  
are due to ! dim9ution ( ! sup]ficial   
t5sion ( ! liquid 9 ! vic9ity ( ! pieces
 ( camphor4  ,9 ord] to /op !m ?r[ a    
drop ( oil 9 ! wat]1 & y w produce a    
p]fect calm4 ,"o may utilize ! camphor =
 an amus+ recreation4  ,con/ruct a small
 pap] or c>dbo>d boat & fa/5 und]nea? on

 ! h9d "p or /]n a piece ( camphor4 ,y\r
 boat w maneuv] on ! wat]4 ,p]sons n    
initiat$ w be mu* puzzl$1 & be long to  
f9d out by :at contrivance ?is small    
craft is propell$4     ,a ,simple       
,multipli]4   ,write on a c>d or /rong  
pap] ! lett]s1 figures1 etc41 :i* y want
 to reproduce4 ,!n all along ! l9es or  
trac+1 ) a ne$le1 prick holes 9 close   
proximity at equal di/ances4  ,place !  
%eet s prep>$ on a pad made ( sev]al    
%eets ( blott+ pap]1 sme>$ ) blue anal9e
 ink1 or a mixture ( lamp-black & oil4  
,fix ! corn]s ) tacks or draw+ p9s1 &   
draw y\r copies by simply plac+ ! blank 
%eets ov] ! prick$ "o1 & press !m d[n4  
,! words1 figures or designs w be       
reproduc$ 9 dott$ l9es if ! holes h be5 
well prick$4 ,9 ?is way a good numb] (  
copies c be drawn4     ,! ,draw+ ,room  
,mirror4   ,on "o ( ! faces ( a pane (  
glass sme> "s lamp-black mix$ ) oil4 ,if
 y place ?is glass1 ?us prep>$1         
v]tically on an engrav+ repres5t+ fl[]s1
 fruits1 birds1 etc41 y w obta9 an      

inf9ity ( =ms1 "s ( :i* w be v /rik+4   
,illu/ration  ,if y want to reproduce   
^!1 to fix _! outl9es1 y h only to      
int]pose a transp>5t pap]1 to draw along
 ! glass pane a l9e 9 p5cil & to trace  
ov] ! "p ( ! picture :i* t]m9ates at !  
foot ( ! pane4  ,fold ! transp>5t pap]  
along ?is p5cil l9e1 & to get ! :ole    
reproduc$ y h only to copy ov] ! designs
 j trac$4 ,! glass1 :i* does ! duty ( a 
mirror1 d\bles ! =ms 9 a symmetrical    
way1 & z x is mov$ new =ms come to view4
     ,elem5t>y ,gas-,burn]4   ,fill an  
old r\nd t9 box1 at lea/ two in*es high1
 ) sawdu/ & pieces ( blott+ pap]4 ,close
 x z well z possible1 & introduce a     
small metal1 or glass1 tube 9 ! lid to a
 dep? ( ab\t "o-?ird ( ! box4  ,make !  
jo9t tight ) putty4 ,put ?is box on any 
two supports & place ! flame ( a lamp or
 c&le und]nea? x4  ,illu/ration  ,soon !
 ov]heat$ sawdu/ & blott+ pap] w evolve 
vapors ( alcohol & combu/ible gases4    
,approa* a light$ mat* to ! upp] end ( !
 tube & y w see ! gas ignite & cont9ue  

to burn4     ,rapid ,vegetation4   ,a   
*eap sponge c be conv]t$ into a hang+   
bun* ( gre5]y = room decoration4 ,plunge
 x into hot wat]1 press x dry1 !n put 9 
its holes or pores se$s ( millet1 r$    
clov]1 b>ley1 l9se$1 grasses1 etc41 9   
fact any species ( plants :i* g]m9ate   
easily & produce1 z f> z possible1      
leaves or blades ( diff]5t %ades4 ,place
 ! sponge ?us prep>$ on a vase or 9 a   
sauc]1 or bett] /ill1 susp5d x 9 !      
recess ( a w9d[1 :]e x may get z mu*    
sun%9e z possible4 ,e morn+1 = a week1  
spr9kle its surface lightly ) wat]4     
,soon ! se$s w g]m9ate & gr[4 ,9 a %ort 
"t !y w =m a ball ( gre5]y1 mak+ a *>m+ 
decoration = a room4  ,illu/ration      
,m9iature ,volcanoes4   ,9 a r l>ge     
porcela9 or glaz$ e>!nw>e bas9 place a  
small quantity ( nitrate ( lead4 ,?is   
may be obta9$ = a few c5ts f any pa9t]s'
 supplies /ore4 ,!n ^u x ?r[ "s flakes (
 sal ammoniac4 ,imm$iately a numb] (    
conical elevations w be =m$1 :i* give (f
 vapors & bur/ ) a popp+ noise4         

,illu/ration  ,altoge!r ! exp]im5t      
repres5ts v exactly1 volcanoes 9 a /ate 
( eruption4 ,:5 ! eruption ceases1 !    
r\gh1 brok5 /ate ( ! rema9+ mats1       
repres5ts z ne>ly z a ?+ on ?is e>? (   
ours c1 ! appe>ance ( ! moon ?r\gh a    
p[]ful telescope4  ,inde$ ! moon at "o  
"t ( its hi/ory 0 und\bt$ly 9 ! s(t     
lava-l /ate t y w obs]ve 9 ! bas91 dur+ 
! fir/ /age ( ?is elegant & in/ructive  
exp]im5t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,end4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,useful ,,& ,,in/ructive ,,books4  ,,h[
 ,,to ,,d ,,! ,,black ,,art--,conta9+ a 
complete description ( ! my/]ies (      
,magic & ,sleight-(-,h&1 toge!r ) _m    
wond]ful exp]im5ts4 ,by ,a4 ,&]son4     
,illu/rat$4 ,price #aj c5ts4 ,address   
,frank ,t\sey1 publi%]1 ,n4 ,y4  ,,h[   
,,to ,,be ,a ,,detective--,by ,old ,k+  
,brady1 ! _w kn[n detective4 ,9 :i* he  
lays d[n "s valuable & s5sible rules =  
beg9n]s1 & also relates "s adv5tures &  
exp]i5ces ( well-kn[n detectives4 ,price
 #aj c5ts4 ,= sale by all newsdeal]s 9 !

 ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 or s5t to y\r 
address1 po/-paid1 on receipt ( price4  
,address ,frank ,t\sey1 publi%]1 ,new   
,york4  ,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a           
,,conjur]--,conta9+ tricks ) ,dom9oes1  
,dice1 ,cups & ,balls1 ,hats1 etc4      
,embrac+ #cf illu/rations4 ,by ,a4      
,&]son4 ,price #aj c5ts4 ,address ,frank
 ,t\sey1 publi%]1 ,new ,york4  ,,h[ ,,to
 ,,d ,,me*anical ,,tricks--,conta9+     
complete in/ructions = p]=m+ ov] sixty  
,me*anical ,tricks4 ,by ,a4 ,&]son4     
,fully illu/rat$4 ,price #aj c5ts4 ,=   
sale by all newsdeal]s1 or we w s5d x by
 mail1 po/age free1 ^u receipt ( price4 
,address ,frank ,t\sey1 ,publi%]1 ,n4   
,y4  ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,sixty ,,tricks ,,) 
,,c>ds--,embrac+ all ( ! late/ & mo/    
deceptive c>d tricks ) illu/rations4 ,by
 ,a4 ,&]son4 ,price #aj c5ts4 ,= sale by
 all newsdeal]s1 or we w s5d x to y by  
mail1 po/age free1 ^u receipt ( price4  
,address ,frank ,t\sey1 ,publi%]1 ,n4   
,y4  ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,electrical      
,,ma*9es--,conta9+ full directions =    

mak+ electrical ma*9es1 induction coils1
 dynamos1 & _m novel toys to be work$ by
 electricity4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,r4 ,b5nett4  
,fully illu/rat$4 ,price #aj c5ts4 ,=   
sale by all newsdeal]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 & ,canada1 or w be s5t to y\r address1 
po/-paid1 on receipt ( price4 ,address  
,frank ,t\sey1 publi%]1 ,new ,york4     
,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,a ,,b[l]--,a        
complete manual ( b[l+4 ,conta9+ full   
in/ructions = play+ all ! /&>d ,am]ican 
& ,g]man games1 toge!r ) rules & sy/ems 
( sport+ 9 use by ! pr9cipal b[l+ clubs 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,by ,b>?olomew       
,batt]son4 ,price #aj c5ts4 ,= sale by  
all newsdeal]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates &      
,canada1 or s5t to y\r address1 po/age  
free1 on receipt ( ! price4 ,address    
,frank ,t\sey1 publi%]1 ,new ,york4     
,,h[ ,,to ,,keep ,,& ,,manage           
,,pets--,giv+ complete in=mation z to ! 
mann] & me?od ( rais+1 keep+1 tam+1     
bre$+1 & manag+ all k9ds ( pets2 also   
giv+ full in/ructions = mak+ cages1 etc4
 ,fully expla9$ by #bh illu/rations1    

mak+ x ! mo/ complete book ( ! k9d ev]  
publi%$4 ,price #aj c5ts4 ,address      
,frank ,t\sey1 publi%]1 ,new ,york4     
,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,electrical              
,,tricks--,conta9+ a l>ge collection (  
in/ructive & highly amus+ electrical    
tricks1 toge!r ) illu/rations4 ,by ,a4  
,&]son4 ,price #aj c5ts4 ,= sale by all 
newsdeal]s1 or s5t1 po/-paid1 ^u receipt
 ( ! price4 ,address ,frank ,t\sey1     
publi%]1 ,new ,york4  ,,h[ ,,to ,,write 
,,lett]s--,a wond]ful little book1 tell+
 y h[ to write to y\r swee!>t1 y\r fa!r1
 "m1 si/]1 bro!r1 employ]2 &1 9 fact1   
ev]ybody & anybody y wi% to write to4 ,e
 "y man & e "y lady 9 ! l& %\ld h ?is   
book4 ,x is = sale by all newsdeal]s4   
,price #aj c5ts1 or s5t f ?is (fice on  
receipt ( price4 ,address ,frank ,t\sey1
 publi%]1 ,new ,york4  ,,h[ ,,to ,,d    
,,puzzles--,conta9+ ov] #cjj int]e/+    
puzzles & conundrums ) key to same4 ,a  
complete book4 ,fully illu/rat$4 ,by ,a4
 ,&]son4 ,price #aj c5ts4 ,= sale by all
 newsdeal]s1 or s5t1 po/-paid1 ^u       

receipt ( ! price4 ,address ,frank      
,t\sey1 ,publi%]1 ,new ,york4  ,,h[ ,,to
 ,,d #dj ,,tricks ,,) ,,c>ds--,conta9+  
deceptive ,c>d ,tricks z p]=m$ by lead+ 
conjur]s & magicians4 ,arrang$ = home   
amusem5t4 ,fully illu/rat$4 ,price #aj  
c5ts4 ,address ,frank ,t\sey1 publi%]1  
,new ,york4  ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,magic
 ,,lant]n--,conta9+ a description ( !   
lant]n1 toge!r ) its hi/ory & inv5tion4 
,also full directions = its use & =     
pa9t+ slides4 ,h&somely illu/rat$1 by   
,john ,all54 ,price #aj c5ts4 ,= sale by
 all newsdeal]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates &     
,canada1 or w be s5t to y\r address1    
po/-paid1 on receipt ( price4 ,address  
,frank ,t\sey1 publi%]1 ,new ,york4     
,,h[ ,,to ,,become ,,an                 
,,actor--,conta9+ complete in/ructions  
h[ to make up = v>i\s *>act]s on ! /age2
 toge!r ) ! duties ( ! ,/age ,manag]1   
,prompt]1 ,sc5ic ,arti/ & ,prop]ty ,man4
 ,by a prom95t ,/age ,manag]4 ,price #aj
 c5ts4 ,address ,frank ,t\sey1 publi%]1 
,n4 ,y4         99       99       99    

99       99  ,,our ,,t5 ,,c5t ,,h&      
,,books4  ,,useful1 ,,in/ructive ,,&    
,,amus+4  ,conta9+ valuable in=mation on
 almo/ e subject1 su* z ,writ+1 ,speak+1
 ,danc+1 ,cook+2 also ,rules (          
,etiquette1 ,! ,art ( ,v5triloquism1    
,gymna/ic ,ex]cises1 & ,! ,sci5ce (     
,self-,def5se1 etc41 etc4     #a        
,napoleon's ,oraculum & ,dream ,book4   
#b ,h[ to ,d ,tricks4    #c ,h[ to      
,flirt4    #d ,h[ to ,dance4    #e ,h[  
to ,make ,love4    #f ,h[ to ,become an 
,a?lete4    #g ,h[ to ,keep ,birds4     
#h ,h[ to ,become a ,sci5ti/4    #i ,h[ 
to ,become a ,v5triloqui/4   #aj ,h[ to 
,box4   #aa ,h[ to ,write ,love ,lett]s4
   #ab ,h[ to ,write ,lett]s to ,ladies4
   #ac ,h[ to ,d ,x2 or1 ,book (        
,etiquette4   #ad ,h[ to ,make ,c&y4    
#ae ,h[ to ,become ,ri*4   #af ,h[ to   
,keep a ,w9d[ ,g>d54   #ag ,h[ to       
,dress4   #ah ,h[ to ,become ,beautiful4
   #ai ,frank ,t\sey's ,u4 ,s4 ,di/ance 
,tables1 ,pocket ,companion & ,guide4   
#bj ,h[ to ,ent]ta9 an ,ev5+ ,p>ty4     

#ba ,h[ to ,hunt & ,fi%4   #bb ,h[ to ,d
 ,second ,sight4   #bc ,h[ to ,expla9   
,dreams4   #bd ,h[ to ,write ,lett]s to 
,g5tlem54   #be ,h[ to ,become a        
,gymna/4   #bf ,h[ to ,r[1 ,sail &      
,build a ,boat4   #bg ,h[ to ,recite &  
,book ( ,recitations4   #bh ,h[ to ,tell
 ,=tunes4   #bi ,h[ to ,become an       
,inv5tor4   #cj ,h[ to ,cook4   #ca ,h[ 
to ,become a ,speak]4   #cb ,h[ to ,ride
 a ,bicycle4   #cc ,h[ to ,behave4   #cd
 ,h[ to ,f5ce4   #ce ,h[ to ,play       
,games4   #cf ,h[ to ,solve ,conundrums4
   #cg ,h[ to ,keep ,h\se4   #ch ,h[ to 
,become ,y\r ,own ,doctor4   #ci ,h[ to 
,raise ,dogs1 ,p\ltry1 ,pigeons &       
,rabbits4   #dj ,h[ to ,make & ,set     
,traps4   #da ,! ,boys ( ,new ,york ,end
 ,m5's ,joke ,book4   #db ,! ,boys (    
,new ,york ,/ump ,speak]4   #dc ,h[ to  
,become a ,magician4   #dd ,h[ to ,write
 9 an ,album4   #de ,! ,boys ( ,new     
,york ,m9/rel ,guide & ,joke ,book4     
#df ,h[ to ,make & ,use ,electricity4   
#dg ,h[ to ,break1 ,ride & ,drive a     

,horse4   #dh ,h[ to ,build & ,sail     
,canoes4   #di ,h[ to ,debate4   #ej ,h[
 to ,/uff ,birds & ,animals4   #ea ,h[  
to ,d ,tricks ) ,c>ds4   #eb ,h[ to     
,play ,c>ds4   #ec ,h[ to ,write        
,lett]s4   #ed ,h[ to ,keep & ,manage   
,pets4   #ee ,h[ to ,collect ,/amps &   
,co9s4   #ef ,h[ to ,become an ,eng9e]4 
#eg ,h[ to ,make ,musical ,in/rum5ts4   
#eh ,h[ to ,become a ,detective4   #ei  
,h[ to ,make a ,magic ,lant]n4   #fj ,h[
 to ,become a ,photograph]4   #fa ,h[ to
 ,become a ,b[l]4   #fb ,h[ to ,become a
 ,we/ ,po9t ,milit>y ,cadet4   #fc ,h[  
to ,become a ,naval ,cadet4   #fd ,h[ to
 ,make ,electrical ,ma*9es4   #fe       
,muldoon's ,jokes4   #ff ,h[ to ,d      
,puzzles4   #fg ,h[ to ,d ,electrical   
,tricks4   #fh ,h[ to ,d ,*emical       
,tricks4   #fi ,h[ to ,d ,sleight ( ,h&4
   #gj ,h[ to ,make ,magic ,toys4   #ga 
,h[ to ,d ,me*anical ,tricks4   #gb ,h[ 
to ,d ,sixty ,tricks ) ,c>ds4   #gc ,h[ 
to ,d ,tricks ) ,numb]s4   #gd ,h[ to   
,write ,lett]s ,correctly4   #ge ,h[ to 

,become a ,conjuror4   #gf ,h[ to ,tell 
,=tunes by ! ,h&4   #gg ,h[ to ,d ,=ty  
,tricks ) ,c>ds4   #gh ,h[ to ,d !      
,black ,art4   #gi ,h[ to ,become an    
,actor4   #hj ,gus ,williams' ,joke     
,book4  ,all ! above books are = sale by
 newsdeal]s ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates &   
,canada1 or !y w be s5t1 po/-paid1 to   
y\r address1 on receipt ( #aj;c4 ea*4   
,s5d ,y\r ,"n & ,address = ,our ,late/  
,illu/rat$ ,catalogue4  ,,frank ,,t\sey1
 ,publi%]1 #bd ,,union ,,squ>e1 ,,new   
,,york4            99       99       99 
99       99     ,transcrib]'s note3  ,! 
,table ( ,cont5ts 0 creat$ by !         
transcrib]4  ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ to
 p>agraph breaks ne> :]e !y are m5tion$4
  ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4   
,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7      
reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al           
publication1 except t obvi\s typos h be5
 correct$4  ,*anges h be5 made z foll[s3
  p4 #c3 ,caption add$ to figure 7,fig4 
#a47  p4 #dj3 ,caption add$ to figure   
7,fig4 #b47  p4 #da3 ,caption add$ to   

figure 7,fig4 #a47  p4 #ef3 ,caption    
add$ to figure 7,fig4 #b47