,hathi,trust ,digital ,libr>y47 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics71 & text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold 7bold74 ,additional ,transcrib]'s ,notes are at ! end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,hi/ory ,tea*]'s ,magaz9e ,volume ,i4 ,numb] #e4 ,,philadelphia1 ,,janu>y1 #aiaj4 #a4jj a ye> #ae c5ts a copy ,,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,,introductory ,,c\rse ,,9 ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,h>v>d ,,college1 by ,pr(4 ,*>les ,h4 ,hask9s #ie ,,impressions ,,( ,,am]ican ,,hi/ory ,,tea*+1 by ,s>a ,a4 ,bur/all #if 8,,! ,,old ,,s\? ,,leaflets0 ,,classifi$1 by ,rex ,w4 ,wells #ih ,,municipal ,,civics1 by ,dr4 ,james ,j4 ,%epp>d #ii ,,has ,,hi/ory ,a ,,practical ,,value8 by ,pr(4 ,j4 ,n4 ,b[man #ajc ,,caldwell ,,& ,,p]s+]',s 8,a ,,s\rce ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates0 #aje ,,editorial #ajf ,,am]ican ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,second>y ,,s*ool1 by ,ar?ur ,m4 ,wolfson1 ,ph4,d4 #ajg ,,a%ley',s 8,,am]ican ,,hi/ory10 review$ by ,h4 ,r4 ,tuck] #ajh ,,anci5t ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,second>y ,,s*ool1 by ,william ,fairley1 ,ph4,d4 #aji ,,european ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,second>y ,,s*ool1 by ,d4 ,c4 ,kn[lton1 ,ph4,d4 #aaj ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,grades1 by ,arm& ,j4 ,g]son #aab ,,reports ,,f ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,field1 by ,walt] ,h4 ,cu%+3 ,! ,engli% ,hi/orical ,association2 ,cali=nia ,association2 ,new ,york ,city ,conf]5ce2 ,miss\ri ,society2 ,bibliography ( ,hi/ory = ,s*ools #aac ,,correspond5ce3 ,s\rce ,me?ods2 ,s*ool ,libr>ies #aad 99 99 99 99 99 ,publi%$ mon?ly1 except ,july & ,augu/1 by ,mc,kinley ,publi%+ ,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,copyright1 #aiji1 ,mc,kinley ,publi%+ ,co4 ,ent]$ z second-class matt]1 ,octob] #bf1 #aiji1 at ! ,po/-(fice at ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 "u ,act ( ,m>* #c1 #ahgi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,w4 ,a4 ,k4 ,john/on's ,maps & ,globes are not$ ! _w ov] = _! geographical accuracy4 ,li?ograph$1 n pr9t$--colors d n fade4 ,l>g] & bett] maps = ! price ?an any competitor c furni%4 ,,s5t ,,on ,,approval ,our ,maps & ,globes %[ _! sup]iority4 ,we %ip on approval4 ,exam9e1 comp>e ) o!rs & return any or all at our exp5se if n satisfactory4 ,illu/ration ,,five ,,complete ,,s]ies 7#ace diff]5t maps71 also ,,five sizes ( ,,globes 9 ,,all /yles ( m\nt+4 ,! l>ge/ v>iety publi%$1 includ+ ev]y?+ f ! *eape/ t are accurate to ! be/ t are made4 ,! exp]i5ce ( f\r score ye>s ( p]fection 9 map mak+ is back ( our publications4 ,s5d = f9e #hh-page ,catalog ,a4 ,j4 ,ny/rom ,co4 ,sole ,u4 ,s4 ,ag5ts #hf-hh ,lake ,/reet - - ,,*icago 99 99 99 99 99 ,h>d+'s ,ess5tials 9 ,m$iaeval ,hi/ory ,by ,,samuel ,,banni/] ,,h>d+1 ,ph4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,european ,hi/ory1 ,indiana ,univ]sity1 9 consultation ) ,,alb]t ,,bu%nell ,,h>t1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,price1 #a4jj ,?is text-book is design$ = elem5t>y college classes1 hav+ already prov$ successful z a basis ( ,fre%man in/ruction 9 ,indiana ,univ]sity4 ,x gives a g5]al survey ( m$iaeval hi/ory f ,*>lemagne to ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x economizes "t )\t sacrific+ any?+ ( real importance4 ,! facts to be taught h be5 select$ ) great c>e4 ,! cont9uity ( ! hi/ory has be5 pres]v$ f beg9n+ to end1 & ! fundam5tal features ( m$iaeval life & in/itutions are cle>ly br\ght out4 ,! book af=ds a cle>1 s*ol>ly1 compact outl9e1 :i* c be fill$ 9 9 v>i\s ways4 ,at ! end ( ea* *apt] are sugge/ive topics & se>* topics1 & num]\s specific ref]5ces to ! be/ books = collat]al read+4 ,! aim ( ! book is to be accurate 9 sub/ance & def9ite 9 /atem5t1 to seize ! vital & int]e/+ facts1 & z f> z possible to give t concret5ess ( treatm5t :i* is necess>y 9 deal+ ) matt]s s remote & ali5 z ^? :i* fill ! hi/ory ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,complete ,catalogue ( ,text-,books 9 ,hi/ory s5t on reque/ ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,c9c9nati ,,*icago ,,bo/on 99 99 99 99 99 ,we/]n ,hi/ory 9 ,its ,_m ,aspects ,,mississippi ,,valley ,,& ,,local ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,p>ticul> ,,! ,,am]ican ,,indians ,books on ! above subjects suppli$ promptly by ,! ,tor* ,press ,book ,%op1 ,c$> ,rapids1 ,i[a ,catalogs on ,application 99 99 99 99 99 ,books = ! ,hi/ory ,libr>y ,! ,w>s ( ,religion 9 ,france 7#aeei-aegf71 ,! ,hugu5ots1 ,ca!r9e de ,m$ici1 & ,philip ,,ii4 ,by ,,james ,,we/fall ,,?ompson4 #fdh pages1 #hvo1 clo?1 net #d4ej2 po/paid1 #d4hd4 ,an au?oritative1 p[]ful1 & orig9al "w bas$ on mu* newly-discov]$ mat]ial & treat+ ! great epo* aft] ,h5ry ,,ii--! "t ( ,vassy & ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ) new light on ! und]ly+ social & economic causes ( ! religi\s conflict4 8,9 describ+ t bitt] turmoil ( int]e/s & ideals ,mr4 ,?ompson is scrupul\sly imp>tial40--,am]ican ,hi/orical ,review4 ,russia & ,its ,crisis4 ,by ,,paul ,,mily\kov4 xiv #ehi pages1 cr[n #hvo1 net #c4jj2 po/paid1 #c4bj4 ,broad1 lib]al1 reasonable1 & ?or\ghly in=m$1 ,pr(essor ,mily\kov is "o ( ! =emo/ ?9k]s ( 8 nation4 ,8 book is ( ine/imable value to e /ud5t ( pres5t-day ,russia4 ,important *apt]s are ^? deal+ ) 8,! ,nationali/ic ,idea10 8,! ,religi\s & ,political ,traditions10 8,! ,lib]al & ,sociali/ic ,ideas10 & 8,! ,urg5cy ( ,re=m40 8,x is beyond d\bt ! be/1 mo/ in/ructive1 & mo/ au?oritative "w on ,russia ev] publi%$ 9 ,engli%40--,political ,sci5ce ,qu>t]ly4 ,dramatic ,traditions ( ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,by ,,joseph ,s4 ,,tunison4 #cfh pages1 #abmo1 clo?1 net #a4be2 po/paid1 #a4cf4 8,! book is a m9e ( int]e/+ facts ab\t social1 religions1 & lit]>y life1 z connect$ ) or influ5c+ ! /age dur+ ! c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,mr4 ,tunison has ! skill & ! livel9ess ( me?od :i* enable him to m>%al ?is wond]ful array ( facts40--,new ,york ,times ,saturday ,review ( ,books4 ,! ,legislative ,hi/ory ( ,naturalization 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,by ,,frank ,,george ,,frankl94 x #cjh pages1 #abmo1 clo?1 net #a4ej2 po/paid1 #a4fc4 8,x is writt5 n to def5d or attack any !ory ( ali5's rights1 b x gives cle>ly & imp>tially ! v>i\s acts :i* h be5 pass$ by ,congress1 toge!r ) ! causes lead+ to _! adoption & ! results foll[+40--,! ,int]ior4 ,! ,developm5t ( ,we/]n ,civilization4 ,a ,/udy 9 ,e?ical1 ,economic1 & ,political ,evolution4 ,by ,j4 ,,dorsey ,,=re/4 #dbj pages1 #hvo1 clo?1 net #b4jj2 po/paid1 #b4ag4 8,a helpful exposition ( ! e?ical1 political1 & economic facts ( hi/ory 9 _! relation to social evolution40--,! ,outlook4 ,address ,dep>tm5t #fh ,! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,press ,,*icago ,,new ,,york 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,hi/ory ,tea*]'s ,magaz9e ,volume ,i4 ,numb] #e4 ,,philadelphia1 ,,janu>y1 #aiaj4 #a4jj a ye> #ae c5ts a copy ,introductory ,c\rse 9 ,hi/ory#a ,9 ,h>v>d ,college ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,*>les ,h4 ,,hask9s4 ,p]haps ! mo/ difficult "q :i* n[ confronts ! college tea*] ( hi/ory is ! "w ( ! fir/ ye> ( ! college c\rse4 ,! problem is comp>atively new1 & becomes ea* ye> m s]i\s4 ,tw5ty-five or ?irty ye>s ago ! small am\nt ( hi/ory taught 9 ,am]ican colleges came 9 ! junior or s5ior ye>1 & 0 n organiz$ into any regul> curriculum4 ,) ! rec5t developm5t ( hi/orical c\rses1 h[ev]1 ! tea*+ ( hi/ory has work$ d[n into ! sophomore & (t5 into ! fre%man ye>1 s t ! tea*] ( ! fir/ c\rse 9 hi/ory is n only *>g$ ) introduc+ /ud5ts to college "w 9 hi/ory1 b mu/ also take 8 %>e ( ! task ( introduc+ !m to college "w 9 g5]al4 ,at ! same "t ! enl>gem5t ( ! curriculum & ! improvem5t ( in/ruction 9 hi/ory 9 _m ( our second>y s*ools result 9 s5d+ to ! colleges a body ( /ud5ts :o h already "s famili>ity ) hi/ory & _c be treat$ 9 ! same way z ! great mass ( fre%m54 ,moreov]1 ! fir/ college c\rse 9 hi/ory 9 all our l>g] in/itutions attracts a consid]able numb] ( /ud5ts1 9 "s cases z _m z f\r hundr$1 s t ! managem5t ( a l>ge class adds ano!r elem5t to ! problem2 & matt]s are fur!r complicat$ by ! fact t :ile "s ( ^! w cont9ue _! hi/orical /udies 9 lat] ye>s1 o!rs mu/ get f ?is c\rse all ! hi/orical tra9+ :i* !y w receive 9 college4 ,i take x t no "o pret5ds to h f\nd ! solution ( ^! difficulties1 & t :at is at pres5t likely to prove helpful is n dogmatic discussion s mu* z a comp>ison ( ! exp]i5ce ( diff]5t in/itutions4 ,! introductory c\rse at ,h>v>d1 ,hi/ory #a1 is design$ to be useful to ^? ^: hi/orical /udies are to /op at ?is po9t1 z well z to s]ve z a basis = fur!r /udy4 ,a p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory is *os5 :i* is suffici5tly l>ge to give an idea ( ! gr[? ( in/itutions & ! nature ( hi/orical evolution1 yet n s ext5sive z to r5d] impossible an acqua9tance at close range ) "s ( ! *>act]i/ic p]sonalities & conditions ( ! age2 & an ef=t is made to /imulate int]e/ 9 hi/ory & to give "s idea ( ! nature & purposes ( hi/orical /udy4 ,! field cov]$ is ! hi/ory ( ,europe1 includ+ ,engl&1 f ! f\r? to ! fifte5? c5turies4 ,?is p]iod has g5]ally receiv$ little or no att5tion 9 s*ool1 s t /ud5ts come to x ) a fre%ness :i* !y c\ld n br+ to anci5t hi/ory or ,am]ican hi/ory1 & are introduc$ to a new _w ( action & movem5t & color :i* easily r\ses _! int]e/4 ,! ye> devot$ to ! ,middle ,ages bridges ! gap betwe5 _! anci5t & mod]n /udies1 & n only gives a feel+ ( hi/orical cont9uity1 b by %[+ ! remote orig9 ( mod]n in/itutions & culture x deep5s ! s5se ( indebt$ness to ! pa/ & furni%es some?+ ( ! backgr\nd s mu* ne$$ 9 our ,am]ican life4 ,mo/ introductory c\rses n[ give consid]able att5tion to ! ,middle ,ages2 ! po9t ( diff]5ce is :e!r ! attempt %\ld be made to cov] some?+ ( ! mod]n p]iod z well4 ,:]e a long] p]iod has be5 *os51 x has be5 q g5]ally f\nd impracticable 9 a s+le ye> to br+ ! c\rse d[n to ! pres5t "t1 & su* c\rses h ord9>ily /opp$ some:]e 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 leav+ to a subsequ5t ye> ! /udy ( ! m rec5t p]iod4 ,?us ! c\rse :i* 0 giv5 at ,h>v>d until #aijc /opp$ at ! ,treaty ( ,utre*t4 ,assum+ t two ye>s are necess>y = ! satisfactory treatm5t ( m$ival & mod]n hi/ory = ! purposes ( ! g5]al /ud5t1 ! "q !n becomes "o z to ! po9t :]e ! break %all come1 & we believe t exp]i5ce is 9 favor ( plac+ ?is po9t fairly e>ly4 ,! pace %\ld be sl[] 9 ! fir/ ye> ?an 9 ! second1 s t /ud5ts may n be confus$ & hurri$ :ile !y are le>n+ new me?ods ( "w & be+ emancipat$ f habits ( close dep5d5ce on ! text-book4 ,!re %\ld be "t = read+ & assimilation1 z well z = ?or\gh drill1 9 a way t is n possible :5 too mu* gr\nd is gone ov]4 ,good tra9+ 9 ! fir/ ye> makes x easi] to cov] a consid]able p]iod 9 ! second4 ,su* at lea/ has be5 ! exp]i5ce at ,h>v>d1 :]e ab\t half ( ! /ud5ts 9 ,hi/ory #a g on to ! survey ( mod]n hi/ory giv5 9 ,hi/ory #b 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 :ile mo/ ( ! o!rs g directly to mod]n ,engli% hi/ory or ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,x ought to be add$ t :ile ab\t n9e-t5?s ( ! class ( ?ree hundr$ :o elect ,hi/ory #a are fre%m51 /ud5ts :o h giv5 a good deal ( att5tion to hi/ory 9 s*ool are p]mitt$ to g on imm$iately to m advanc$ c\rses2 & = ^? :o take only ,am]ican hi/ory 9 _! lat] ye>s1 ! introductory c\rse 9 gov]nm5t is accept$ z suffici5t prep>ation4 ,! class meets ?ree times a week1 twice 9 a body = lectures1 & ! ?ird h\r 9 sections ( ab\t tw5ty4 ,! lectures d n attempt to give a n>rative1 b seek to b9d toge!r ! /ud5ts' read+1 comm5t ^u x1 cl>ify x1 ren=ce ! significant po9ts1 & discuss special aspects ( ! subject4 ,! processes ( hi/orical int]pretation & criticism are illu/rat$ by a few simple examples1 & f "t to "t ! "w is vivifi$ by ! use ( lant]n slides4 ,! read+ is divid$ into two p>ts1 prescrib$ & collat]al1 & indicat$ on a pr9t$ 8,li/ ( ,ref]5ces0 :i* ea* memb] ( ! class is requir$ to buy4 ,! prescrib$ read+1 f sev5ty-five to "o hundr$ pages a week1 is made1 z f> z possible1 ! c5tral "p ( ! /ud5t's "w4 ,at fir/ ?is is select$ l>gely f text-books & illu/rative s\rces2 lat] 9 ! ye> text-books drop into ! backgr\nd1 & n>rative & descriptive works are tak5 up1 al?\gh ! /ud5t is urg$ to h at h& a manual = consultation & = secur+ a connect$ view ( ev5ts4 ,! ef=t is made to break away f high s*ool me?ods ( /udy & to tea* /ud5ts to use intellig5tly l>g] hi/orical books4 ,/ubb's 8,e>ly ,plantag5ets10 ,jessopp's 8,com+ ( ! ,fri>s10 ,bryce's 8,holy ,roman ,empire10 ,br[n's 8,v5etian ,republic10 ,day's 8,hi/ory ( ,comm]ce10 ,re9a*'s 8,apollo10 & ,rob9son & ,rolfe's 8,petr>*10 are examples ( ! k9d ( books f :i* ! requir$ read+ is *os54 ,"s s\rces are giv5 9 _! entirety1 su* z ! 8,g]mania10 ! 8,life ( ,/4 ,columban10 & ,e9h>d's 8,*>lemagne02 b reliance is plac$ ma9ly ^u ! extracts giv5 9 ,ogg's 8,s\rce ,book0 & ,rob9son's 8,read+s40 ,x is f\nd t ! prop] use & appreciation ( s\rces is "o ( ! h>de/ ?+s = beg9n]s to le>n1 & c>eful & explicit tea*+ is requir$ bo? at ! lectures & at ! meet+s ( ! sections4 ,ea* /ud5t is requir$ to provide himself ) two or ?ree texts1 a s\rce book1 & an hi/orical atlas1 & _m buy a numb] ( ! o!r books us$ 9 ! c\rse4 ,! books 9 :i* ! read+ is assign$ are kept 9 a special read+-room1 :]e ! supply is suffici5t to provide "o copy ( ea* = e t5 m5 9 ! c\rse4 ,duplicates ( ! works recomm5d$ = collat]al read+ are also furni%$4 ,at ! weekly section meet+s ! /ud5ts are held responsible = ! requir$ read+ & ! lectures = ! week4 ,!re is always a %ort writt5 pap] ab\t tw5ty m9utes 9 l5g?1 includ+ usually an ex]cise on ! outl9e map1 & ! re/ ( ! h\r is sp5t 9 explanation1 review & discussion4 ,no attempt is made at sy/ematic quizz+1 z ! "w ( ! week is mu* m effectively te/$ by ! writt5 pap]4 ,^! sections are held by ! assi/ants1 f\r 9 numb]1 :o are *os5 f m5 :o h _h two or ?ree ye>s ( graduate /udy & g5]ally "s exp]i5ce 9 tea*+4 ,= ! collat]al read+ c]ta9 topics are sugge/$ ea* week1 & e mon? ea* memb] ( ! class is requir$ to read ! ref]5ces "u at lea/ "o ( ! assign$ topics4 ,^! topics h consid]able range1 & /ud5ts are enc\rag$ to select ^? :i* h special int]e/ = !m & to read freely ^u !m4 ,?us if a /ud5t takes ! ,nor?m5 z 8 topic1 he w read ! great] "p ( ,ke>y's 8,vik+s10 & translat$ extracts f ,norse poetry or sagas2 if he *ooses ,h5ry ,,ii1 he w h ,mrs4 ,gre5's biography & ,/ubb's *>act]ization 9 ! introduction to ,b5$ict ( ,pet]bor\gh2 if he reads on mona/icism1 he w comp>e diff]5t views ( ! subject z f\nd 9 specifi$ *apt]s ( ,montalemb]t1 ,lecky1 ,taylor's 8,classical ,h]itage ( ! ,middle ,ages10 & 9 ,h>nack's 8,mona/icism02 on ca/les & ca/le life he w read portions ( ,miss ,bateson's 8,m$ival ,engl&10 & ,viollet-le-,duc's 8,annals ( a ,=tress10 & exam9e ! illu/rations 9 ,enl>t's 8,manuel0 & ,s*ultz's 8,hfis*es ,leb502 on ,/4 ,l\is he w h ,jo9ville1 c]ta9 pages ( ,langlois1 & ,william ,/e>ns ,davis's novel1 8,falaise ( ! ,bless$ ,voices40 ,a c]ta9 fix$ m9imum ( su* read+ is set = ea* "o 9 ! c\rse1 & a high] m9imum = ^? :o expect di/9ction1 & ambiti\s /ud5ts w read f #a1ejj to #b1jjj pages 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>4 ,! ef=t is con/antly made to develop individual aptitudes & /imulate ! bett] m54 ,e /ud5t has at lea/ eight individual conf]5ces ) ! assi/ant dur+ ! ye>4 ,! conf]5ce is devot$ ma9ly to a discussion ( ! collat]al read+1 b x also s]ves z an opportunity = exam9+ note books1 talk+ ov] difficulties1 & 9 g5]al = clos] p]sonal acqua9tance betwe5 assi/ant & /ud5t4 ,sometimes small volunt>y gr\ps ( m5 h be5 =m$ :i* meet ! assi/ant weekly at 8 room = ! read+ & discussion ( %ort hi/orical pap]s writt5 by /ud5ts4 ,consid]able att5tion is giv5 to well-reason$ note-tak+ ^u bo? lectures & requir$ read+1 a matt] respect+ :i* ! fre%man is at fir/ likely to be q helpless4 ,"h ! p]sonal sup]vision ( ! assi/ant is ( ! greate/ value1 & is (t5 ex]cis$ weekly4 ,special emphasis is put ^u hi/orical geography1 n only by con/ant ref]5ce to wall maps & by special ex]cises involv+ ! use ( ! pr9cipal hi/orical atlases1 b also by means ( ! regul> use ( blank outl9e maps4 ,memb]s ( ! class are requir$ to br+ su* a map to all meet+s ( ! sections1 & to be able to locate ^u x important places & b\nd>ies4 ,! mid-ye> & f9al exam9ations also include a regul> te/ ( su* geographical k4 ,m "t ?an %\ld be necess>y is devot$ to ?is "w1 b exp]i5ce has %[n t college /ud5ts h at ! outset only ! vague/ ideas ( ,european geography1 & 9 ?is & 9 "s o!r respects x is necess>y to d 9 college1 "w t ought to h be5 done 9 ! second>y or gramm> s*ool4 ,if ! ord9>y fre%man br\ght ) him an elem5t>y k ( geography & ! ability to read intellig5tly1 ! task ( ! college tea*] ( hi/ory w\ld be greatly light5$4 ,no attempt is made to require !ses or =mal writt5 reports1 z su* "w is useful r = ^? :o are to cont9ue _! hi/orical /udies1 & z regul> tra9+ ( ?is sort is giv5 9 ! second-ye> c\rses4 ,"s attempts h1 h[ev]1 be5 made to cord9ate ! /ud5t's "w 9 hi/ory & 9 ,engli% composition by hav+ ! results ( read+ ^u an hi/orical topic embodi$ 9 a brief essay :i* is read & grad$ bo? by ! in/ructor 9 hi/ory & ! in/ructor 9 ,engli%4 ,su* cop]ative ef=ts are /ill 9 ! exp]im5tal /age1 b !y are reg>d$ favorably by ^? :o believe t ! occasion = writ+ good ,engli% is n conf9$ to c\rses 9 ,engli% composition1 & t a broad] policy ) reg>d to ! /ud5t's "w is necess>y if ! ,am]ican college is to give an education z well z to tea* p>ticul> subjects4 ,,footnote3 #a ,"s use has "h be5 made ( mat]ial conta9$ 9 a pap] on 8,! ,hi/orical ,curriculum 9 ,colleges10 9 ! ,m9utes ( ! ,association ( ,hi/ory ,tea*]s ( ! ,middle ,/ates & ,m>yl& = #aijd2 & 9 ! ,report ( ! ,conf]5ce on ! ,fir/ ,ye> ( ,college ,"w 9 ,hi/ory1 9 ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association = #aije1 ,i1 pp4 #adg-agd4 ,impressions ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory ,tea*+#b ,,extracts ,,f ,,miss ,,bur/all',s ,,rec5t ,,"w1 8,,impressions ,,( ,,am]ican ,,education40 ,miss ,s>a ,a4 ,bur/all1 head mi/ress ( ! ,man*e/] 7,engl&7 ,high ,s*ool = ,girls1 travel$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! ye> #aijh1 /udy+ & inspect+ ,am]ican educational sy/ems4 ,miss ,bur/all has writt5 out h] exp]i5ces 9 ,am]ica 9 a book entitl$ 8,impressions ( ,am]ican ,education 9 #aijh40 ,! au?or 0 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 ! tea*+ ( hi/ory 9 ,am]ican s*ools4 ,! foll[+ extracts are pr9t$ 9 ! belief t ,am]ican tea*]s w\ld desire 8to see !mselves z o!rs see !m40 ,9 ! *apt] on 8,me?od0 occur ! foll[+ /atem5ts3 8,recitation is inde$ an accurate description ( :at "o he>s1 sitt+ 9 an ,am]ican class-room2 ! pupil /&s up & recites :at he has le>nt1 :e!r f ! /&>d text-book or f o!r s\rces4 ,! tea*] may "q "s /atem5t 9 ord] to make sure t ! pupil und]/&s :at he has said1 o!r pupils w also "q x4 ,a girl w put up h] h& & 7! tea*] giv+ p]mission by look+ 9 h] direction7 w say1 #8,b ,i ?\ght t ,i read 9----' & w proce$ to give "s o!r view ( ! subject4 ,a g5]al discussion w foll[ :i* ! tea*] w n au?oritatively close by giv+ h] correct op9ion2 %e w pass on to ano!r "p ( ! subject & ask ano!r pupil to recite :at he or %e has le>nt ab\t x4 ,if ! recit] makes an error ! tea*] w call ^u ano!r pupil to correct x2 v r>ely does ! tea*] make a correction h]self1 & /ill m r>ely does %e express h] op9ion4 ,we 7 n /ruck by ! good ,engli% or excell5ce ( oral composition :i* we he>d4 ,! ,am]ican boys & girls did n d any bett] 9 ?is respect ?an ! ,engli% girls we "k4 ,"o c h>dly expect flu5t1 elegant oral descriptions & acc\nts except f practic$ speak]s4 ,) a class ( ?irty or =ty & a lesson p]iod ( =ty-five m9utes obvi\sly n all 9 ! class recite2 q half may take no %>e except z li/5]s4 ,! presumption is t !y h le>nt up _! "w1 t !y are int]e/$ 9 li/5+ to :at o!rs say ab\t x2 _! turn w come next day1 & 9 any case x is to _! int]e/ to foll[ c>efully :at goes on4 8,?ree criticisms mu/ occur to ev5 a sympa!tic ,engli% tea*]3 fir/1 ! possibility ( :at 9 ,engl& w\ld be a probable wa/e ( "t to ! li/5]s4 ,am]icans say t ^!1 ?\gh !y (t5 look indiff]5t & inatt5tive1 are really att5d+2 !y are us$ to ! me?od & !y play ! game1 s to speak1 by li/5+ att5tively z well z by recit+ readily :5 _! turn comes4 ,second1 ! :ole ?+ is v dull & sl[2 ea* pupil speaks v sl[ly1 ) v little grace ( deliv]y or beauty ( language1 su* z might be expect$ f ! tea*]1 & no?+ l ! same am\nt ( gr\nd is cov]$ z is ! case 9 a lesson on ! oral me?od4 ,) ! recitation me?od 9 ,engl& we %\ld n ar\se suffici5t int]e/ to get ! be/ out ( our pupils2 we c\ld n get ?r\gh ! "w we h to d 9 ! "t1 nor w\ld ,engli% boys & girls be suffici5tly quick & clev] to und]/& ! difficulties 9 geometry1 = example1 or 9 ,lat9 or ,fr5* gramm>1 unless !y _h cle> & skilful explanations f ! tea*]1 :o presumably und]/&s ! art ( mak+ ?+s cle>4 ,am]icans w\ld probably say t _! /ud5ts are quick en\gh & e>ne/ en\gh to make progress )\t ?is c>eful exposition & )\t ?is atmosph]e ( int]e/ & intellectual /imulus1 & !re is probably "s tru? 9 ! reply4 ,our pupils too (t5 d n want to "w1 & _! m9ds d move m sl[ly4 ,we h be5 oblig$ to f9d ways ( mak+ class-"w attractive1 ei!r by intellectual /imulus & int]e/1 or by rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 s9ce we h n t /rong outside belief 9 education :i* makes ! task ( ! ,am]ican tea*] mu* m easy4 ,x is also true t ! exam9ation dem& has =c$ u to expla9 cle>ly to ! dull] pupils 9 ! class difficulties :i* ! clev]] ones c\ld see ?r\gh = !mselves4 ,probably "h ,am]icans are "r & we are wrong2 we make ! "w too easy by1 z x 71 peptoniz+ ! lesson mat]ial1 be=e giv+ x to ! hungry %eep :o look up to u to be f$4 ,our aim has be5 to help !m to assimilate ! k requir$1 n to develop 9 !m ! p[] to grapple ) new mat]ial4 ,?is aim ! ,am]ican recitation sy/em und\bt$ly develops1 & ?is is "o ( its great m]its4 8,our ?ird criticism is t ! tea*] appe>s to d too little2 h] %>e 9 ! lesson is at a m9imum2 ! new ideas d n come f h]1 h] influ5ce is indirect4 ,"h1 aga91 ! ,am]ican w\ld say1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,! democratic ideal is und\bt$ly "o cause = ! exi/5ce & ! popul>ity ( ! recitation me?od4 ,! tea*] & ! pupils are v mu* on a level4 ,%e is n tea*+ !m2 %e acts r z *airman ( ! meet+1 ! object ( :i* is to asc]ta9 :e!r !y h /udi$ = !mselves 9 a text-book1 & :at !y ?9k ab\t ! mat]ial !y h be5 /udy+4 ,cle>ly1 !n1 ! ma/] is ! text-book1 & "h we /rike on a vital peculi>ity ( ,am]ican education4 ,its aim has be5 intellectually ! ma/]y ( books2 ) u education has always be5 v mu* m1 always & ev]y:]e1 a p]sonal relation4 ,! *ildr5 le>n f ! ma/] or mi/ress ) or )\t ! aid ( a book40 8,! rise ( ! me?od c be expla9$ f hi/orical causes2 9 ! old ungrad$ rural s*ool ( ,am]ica1 meet+ p]haps only = a few mon?s 9 ! ye>1 taught1 x may be1 by a woman 9 ! summ]1 & a man 9 ! w9t]1 !re c\ld be no classification or organization4 ,ea* pupil work$ ?r\gh an au?oriz$ text-book1 mu* z 9 ! old ,scotti% rural s*ool1 :5 a pl[man might come back = a c\ple ( mon?s to rub up 8 ari?metic or ,engli% 9 ! book if he did n f9i% be=e leav+ s*ool4 ,! tea*] w5t ar\nd & help$ individual pupils ov] difficulties1 or he>d !m #8recite' ! lesson !y _h ea* le>nt1 :ile ! o!rs w5t on ) _! own tasks4 ,!n :5 ! s*ools came to be grad$1 a numb] ( pupils at ab\t ! same /age c\ld recite toge!r out ( ! book1 & s ! recitation me?od develop$1 evolv$ by ! ,am]ican g5ius = inv5tion to fit ! necessities ( ! position4 ,among ^! conditions 0 ! abs5ce ( a body ( exp]i5c$ & skill$ tea*]s2 mu* ( ! "w 0 done by all sorts ( p1 _m ) v scanty qualifications1 :o w\ld #8tea* s*ool' = a few mon?s to e>n en\gh to g on ) "s o!r occupation4 ,su* p c\ld n be 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w tea*]s2 !y c\ld #8conduct recitations' & engage 9 ! fri5dly que/ion+ & discussion z an equal1 :i* ! ,am]ican me?od implies4 ,:5 fir/-rate1 highly qualifi$1 skill$ tea*]s come to play on ?is in/rum5t !y br+ =? f x a wond]ful result4 8,! writ] 0 =tunate en\gh to see "s v f9e "w by a woman tea*]1 brilliant1 sy/ematiz$1 full ( int]e/ & fire1 ! pupils really tak+ "p & br++ _! mat]ial :i* ! tea*] skillfully p]cuss$ s t x k9dl$4 ,inde$1 ! recitation me?od at its be/ & our own oral me?od are almo/ id5tical 9 effect2 & f> excel z educational in/rum5ts any?+ t c be atta9$ by lectures4 ,b h[ r>ely is x se5 at its be/8 ,at its wor/1 ( c\rse1 x becomes m]e memorit] repetition out ( ! text-book ) v little intellig5ce any:]e2 any tea*] w\ld d ?is :o c\ld keep ord]4 8,x is hop$ t ?is imp]fect sket* may at lea/ af=d "s idea ( :at is to be se5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by a tea*] ( hi/ory1 & ( :at we c le>n f !m4 ,probably !re is m to be le>nt 9 ?is subject by ,engli% /ud5ts ( ,am]ican education ?an 9 any o!r1 & ! /udy is ! m int]e/+ & pr(itable s9ce ! evolution ( ! pres5t condition ( hi/ory tea*+ !re is s rec5t4 ,! pres5t writ] c only say t %e has he>d f9] hi/ory tea*+ 9 m ?an "o ,am]ican in/itution ?an %e ev] he>d 9 ,engl&1 ?\gh h] exp]i5ces "h h be5 =tunate1 & t su* tea*+ has set = h] an ideal /&>d ( pr(essional skill 9 our difficult art4 ,engl& might le>n1 too1 f ! life & vigor ( ! subject 9 ! common s*ools1 ! bread? & ?\ghtfulness & ! self-reliance 9 ! hi/ory classes ( second>y s*ools1 & ! volume & p[] ( ! hi/orical "w 9 ! colleges & te*nological in/itutes4 8,! equipm5t is well wor? our imitation if only we c\ld get ! money = x4 ,e good high s*ool has a room or rooms = ! hi/ory lessons2 cases ( maps to be drawn d[n :5 requir$--a product ( ! ,am]ican skill 9 me*anical appliances--are univ]sal1 & an av]age high s*ool has a bett] supply ( ^! maps ?an "s ( our colleges4 ,pictures ( e sort ab\nd4 8,x is ! op9ion ( "o ( ! lead+ ,am]ican au?orities on ! tea*+ ( hi/ory1 h]self a di/+ui%$ tea*]1 t !re is a v real increase ( intellectual int]e/2 "s ( x may be sup]ficial1 b x is at lea/ widespread4 ,a nidus has be5 =m$ & !re is a real advance 9 ! subject4 8,9 ,engl& we h1 z ?+s are1 ! tradition ( public s]vice & ! inn] in/9ct ( patriotism2 =mal tea*+ ( civic duty is n s mu* ne$$ among ! weal?i] & m cultivat$ classes1 ?\gh m ought to be done ?an is done 9 ! public elem5t>y s*ools1 & 9 "s ( ! new second>y s*ools4 ,9 ,am]ica ?is sociological tea*+ giv5 9 connection ) hi/ory is ! "o ?+ !y h to tra9 citiz5s = citiz5%ip2 religi\s in/ruction has be5 exclud$ f _! s*ool sy/em1 p]sonal influ5ce & corporate life play b little "p comp>$ ) ! p[]ful "o !y play "h4 ,!re is no univ]sal milit>y s]vice z 9 ,g]many & ,france to tea* by h>d exp]i5ce ! duty & ! ne$ ( patriotism2 ! tradition ( unpaid public "w s /rong 9 ,engl& is n kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! tea*+ ( hi/ory & ( patriotism ?r\gh hi/ory is ! "o =ce :i* ,am]ica has 9 h] s*ools & colleges to /imulate & tra9 ! s5se ( civic duty4 ,"o _c b conclude t to a half-consci\s conviction ( ?is tru? is due ! sy/em1 ! e>ne/ness1 ! conc5tration1 & ! excell5ce t ,am]ica a*ieves 9 ! tea*+ ( hi/ory ?r\gh\t e grade ( h] education40 ,,footnote3 #b ,impressions ( ,am]ican ,education 9 #aijh1 by ,s>a ,a4 ,bur/all1 pp4 xii1 #hbi1 ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 8,! ,old ,s\? ,leaflets0 ,classifi$ ,,by ,,rex ,w4 ,,wells1 ,,tea*] ,,( ,,hi/ory1 ,,ea/ ,,high ,,s*ool1 ,,tol$o1 ,,ohio4 ,engli% ,hi/ory4 ,vol4 ,no4 ,augu/9e 9 ,engl& ,v #aac ,k+ ,alfr$'s ,description ( ,europe ,v #aab ,magna ,*>ta 7#abae7 ,i #e ,passages f ,wyclif's ,bible 7#achb7 ,v #abe ,passages f ,m's 8,utopia0 7#aeaf7 ,v #abd ,lett]s ( ,hoop] to ,bull+] 78,! ,fir/ ,puritan07 ,,iii #eh ,! ,inv5tion ( ,%ips1 ,raleigh ,,vii #aff ,! ,petition ( ,"r 7#afbh7 ,i #bc ,sir ,john ,eliot's 8,apologie = ,socrates0 ,,iii #ei ,%ip ,money ,pap]s ,,iii #fj ,! ,scotti% ,national ,cov5ant 7#afch7 ,i #be ,pym's ,spee* aga9/ ,/raf=d 7#afda7 ,,iii #fa ,! ,gr& ,remon/rance 7#afda7 ,i #bd ,! ,agreem5t ( ! ,p 7#afdh-i7 ,,ii #bf ,cromwell's ,fir/ ,spee* to 8 ,p>liam5t 7#afec7 ,,ii #bh ,! ,in/rum5t ( ,gov]nm5t 7#afec7 ,,ii #bg ,vane's 8,heal+ ,"q0 7#afef7 ,i #f ,milton's 8,free ,commonweal?0 7#affj7 ,,iii #fc ,sir ,h5ry ,vane's ,def5se 7#affb7 ,,iii #fd ,! ,bill ( ,rights 7#afhi7 ,i #ah ,old ,j]sey 7,isl& (7 ,,vi #aej ,miscellane\s ,subjects4 ,/rabo's ,introduction to ,geography 7#aj ,b4 ,c47 ,,ii #cj ,dante's 8,de ,mon>*ia0 ,v #abc ,grotius's 8,! ,rights ( ,w> & ,peace0 7#afbe7 ,v #aja ,m>co ,polo's ,acc\nt ( ,japan & ,java ,,ii #cb ,p5n's ,plan = ! ,peace ( ,europe ,,iii #ge ,! ,law ( ,nature 9 ,gov]nm5t1 ,john ,wise 7#agag7 ,,vii #afe ,! ,swiss ,con/itution 7#ahgd7 ,i #ah ,! ,hague ,arbitration ,treaty 7#ahii7 ,v #aad ,am]ica--7,unclassifi$74 ,bo/on 9 #aghh1 ,brissot ,,vi #abf ,bo/on at ! ,beg9n+ ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury ,,vi #acf ,wa%+ton's ,address to ! ,*ur*es 7#aghi7 ,,iii #fe ,wa%+ton's ,words on a ,national ,univ]sity ,,iv #gf ,kossu?'s ,fir/ ,spee* 9 ,faneuil ,hall ,v #aaa ,monroe's ,message on ,florida 7#ahah7 ,,vi #abi ,samuel ,ho>'s ,acc\nt ( ,8 ,expulsion f ,*>le/on ,,vi #adj ,am]ica--7,discov]y & ,exploration74 ,,nor?m53 ,voyages to ,v9l&1 #ajjj ,,ii #ca ,,spani%--,columbus 7,g5oese73 ,columbus's ,lett] ,conc]n+ ,8 ,fir/ ,voyage ,,ii #cc ,! ,discov]y ( ,am]ica1 ,acc\nt by ,columbus's ,son ,,ii #bi ,columbus's ,acc\nt ( ,cuba ,v #ajb ,columbus's ,memorial to ! ,k+ & ,que5 on ,8 ,second ,voyage ,,iii #ga ,am]igo ,vespucci 7,flor5t9e71 ,fir/ ,voyage ,,ii #cd ,8 ,acc\nt ( ,8 ,?ird ,voyage 7= ,portugal7 ,,iv #ij ,explor]s--,de ,vaca's ,acc\nt ( ,8 ,j\rney to ,new ,mexico ,,ii #ci ,cortez's ,acc\nt ( ! ,city ( ,mexico 7#aeai7 ,,ii #ce ,coronado's ,lett] to ,m5doza 7#aedj7 ,i #bj ,! ,dea? ( ,de ,soto 7#aedb7 ,,ii #cf ,! ,f\nd+ ( ,/4 ,augu/9e 7#aefe7 ,,iv #hi ,,engli%3 ,voyages ( ! ,cabots 7,v5etian7 ,,ii #cf ,john ,cabot's ,discov]y ( ,am]ica 7#adig7 ,v #aae ,frobi%]'s ,fir/ ,voyage 7#aegf7 ,v #aag ,drake on ! ,cali=nia ,coa/ 7#aegi7 ,v #aaf ,gilb]t's ,newf\ndl& ,exp$ition 7#aehc7 ,v #aah ,! ,fir/ ,voyage to ,roanoke 7#aehd7 ,,iv #ib ,raleigh's ,fir/ ,roanoke ,colony 7#aehe7 ,v #aai ,hakluyt1 8,engl&'s ,title to ,nor? ,am]ica0 ,v #abb ,gosnold's ,settlem5t at ,cuttyhunk 7#afjb7 ,v #abj ,! ,discov]y ( ! ,hudson ,riv] 7#afji7 ,,iv #id ,capta9 ,john ,smi?'s 8,new ,engl&0 7#afad7 ,v #aba ,,fr5*3 ,voyage ( ,v]razzano 7,flor5t9e71 7#aebd7 ,i #ag ,*ampla91 8,! ,f\nd+ ( ,quebec0 7#afjh7 ,,iv #ba ,fa!r ,m>quette at ,*icago 7#afgc7 ,,ii #df ,am]ica--7,! ,colonies74 ,,s\!rn3 ,capt4 ,john ,smi?'s ,acc\nt ( ! ,settlem5t ( ,jame/[n 7#afjg7 ,,vii #afg ,"l ,baltimore's ,plantation 9 ,m>yl& 7#afcd7 ,,vii #agj ,! ,fundam5tal ,con/itutions ( ,c>ol9a 7#affi7 ,,vii #agb ,,middle3 ,old ,j]sey ,,vi #aej ,! ,f\nd+ ( ,new ,sw$5 7#afcg-h7 ,,iv #if ,de ,vries1 ,new ,ne!rl&s 9 #afdj ,,vii #afh ,van d] ,donck1 ,new ,ne!rl&s 7#afee7 ,,iii #fi ,william ,p5n's ,description ( ,p5nsylvania 7#afhc7 ,,vii #aga ,pa/orius's ,description ( ,p5nsylvania 7#agjj7 ,,iv #ie ,frankl9's ,plan ( ,union 7#aged7 ,i #i ,,new ,,engl&3 ,rufus ,*oate1 8,! ,romance ( ,new ,engl& ,hi/ory0 ,v #aaj 8,re=mation )\t ,t>ry+ = ,any0 79 ,holl&7 ,,iv #ajj ,! ,words ( ,john ,rob9son 79 ,holl&7 ,,vi #adb ,brad=d's 8,voyage ( ! ,mayfl[]0 ,,vii #aec ,! ,massa*usetts ,bay ,*>t] 7#afbi7 ,i #g ,w9?rop's 8,conclusions = ! ,plantation 9 ,new ,engl&0 ,,ii #ej 8,god's ,promise to ,8 ,plantations0 7,s]mon1 #afcj7 ,,iii #ec ,lett]s ( ,rog] ,williams to ,w9?rop ,,iii #ed ,! ,fundam5tal ,ord]s ( ,connecticut 7#afch7 ,i #h ,! ,massa*usetts ,body ( ,lib]ties 7#afda7 ,,vii #afd ,:ite1 8,! ,plant+ ( ,colonies 9 ,new ,engl&0 ,,vii #aed ,brad=d's 8,memoirs ( ,eld] ,brew/]0 ,,ii #dh ,brad=d's 8,fir/ ,dialogue0 ,,ii #di 8,! ,way ( ! ,*ur*es 9 ,new ,engl&0 ,,iii #ee ,w9?rop's 8,little ,spee* on ,lib]ty0 ,,iii #ff ,cotton ,ma!r's 8,bo/onian ,eb5ez]0 ,,iii #fg ,! ,new ,engl& ,conf$]ation 7#afdc7 ,,vii #afi ,cotton ,ma!r's 8,lives ( ,brad=d & ,w9?rop0 ,,iv #gg ,! ,settlem5t ( ,londond]ry1 ,n4 ,h4 7#agai7 ,,iv #ic ,! ,battle ( ,quebec 7#agei7 ,,iii #gc ,am]ica--7,! ,indians74 ,morton1 8,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,indians0 ,,iv #hg ,eliot's 8,daybreak ( ! ,gospel among ! ,indians0 ,,vi #adc ,eliot's 8,indian ,gramm> ,begun0 7#afff7 ,,iii #eb ,eliot's 8,n>rative ( ! ,gospel among ! ,indians0 ,i #ba ,k+ ,philip's ,w> 7#afge7 ,,iv #hh ,fight ) ! ,indians at ,brookfield 7#afge7 ,,vii #aee ,:eelock's 8,n>rative0 7#agfb7 ,i #bb ,am]ica--7,! ,revolution74 ,lex+ton ,t[n ,meet+s 7#agfe-agge7 ,,vii #aed ,samuel ,adams1 8,rights ( ! ,coloni/s0 7#aggb7 ,,vii #agc ,gov]nor ,hut*9son's ,acc\nt ( ! ,bo/on ,tea ,p>ty 7#aggc7 ,,iii #fh ,paul ,jones's ,acc\nt ( ! ,bonhomme ,ri*>d & ! ,s]apis 7#agge7 ,,vii #aeb ,wa%+ton's ,acc\nt ( ! ,army at ,cambridge 7#agge7 ,,ii #dg ,! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 7#aggf7 ,i #c ,wa%+ton's ,capture ( ,bo/on 7#aggf7 ,,iv #hf ,lafayette 9 ! ,am]ican ,revolution ,,iv #ig ,lett]s ( ,wa%+ton & ,lafayette ,,iv #ih ,wa%+ton's ,circul> ,lett] to ! ,gov]nors 7#aghc7 ,i #ae ,am]ica--7,unit$ ,/ates7--,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation ,i #b ,debate 9 ! ,conv5tion on ! ,suffrage 9 ,congress ,,iii #gj ,numb]s 7#a7 & 7#b7 ( 8,! ,f$]ali/0 ,i #ab ,wa%+ton's ,lett]s on ! ,con/itution ,,iv #ii ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,i #a ,wa%+ton's ,inaugurals ,i #aj ,wa%+ton's ,f>ewell ,address ,i #d ,hamilton's ,report on ! ,co9age ,,iii #gd ,john ,adams's ,inaugural ,v #ajc ,jeff]son's ,inaugurals ,v #ajd ,! ,monroe ,doctr9e ,,iii #ef ,am]ica--7,unit$ ,/ates7--,t]ritorial ,expansion4 ,! ,cession ( ,l\isiana1 ,(ficial ,pap]s ,,vi #abh ,(ficial ,acc\nt ( ,l\isiana 9 #ahjc ,v #aje ,jeff]son's ,life ( ,capta9 ,m]iwe!r ,lewis ,,ii #dd ,frankl9's ,plan = ! ,we/]n ,colonies 7#aged7 ,,vii #afc ,gray's ,discov]y ( ! ,columbia ,riv] 7#agib7 ,,vi #aca ,pike's ,discov]y ( ,pike's ,peak 7#ahjf7 ,,vii #agd ,! ,fall ( ! ,alamo 7#ahcf7 ,,vi #acj ,fremont's ,asc5t ( ,fremont's ,peak 7#ahdb7 ,,ii #de ,p]ry 9 ,japan 7#ahec7 ,,vii #aea ,sumn]'s ,report on ! ,w> ) ,mexico ,,vi #acb ,sew>d's ,address at ,sitka1 ,alaska 7#ahfi7 ,,vi #acc ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory4 ,wa%+ton's ,j\rnal ( ,8 ,t\r 9 ,ohio 7#aggj7 ,,ii #da ,cl>ke's ,acc\nt ( ! ,capture ( ,v9c5nes 7#aggi7 ,,ii #dc ,! ,nor?we/ ,ord9ance 7#aghg7 ,i #ac ,wa%+ton's ,lett] to ,b5jam9 ,h>rison ,i #af ,! ,ord9ance ( #aghd ,,vi #abg ,cutl]'s ,description ( ,ohio 7#aghg7 ,,ii #dj ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,/ate ( ,ohio 7#ahed7 ,i #ad ,g>field's ,address on ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory 7#ahgc7 ,,ii #db ,am]ica--7,unit$ ,/ates7--,slav]y & ,secession4 ,! ,fir/ ,numb] ( 8,! ,lib]ator0 7#ahca7 ,,iv #gh ,! ,anti-,slav]y ,conv5tion ( #ahcc ,,iv #ha ,samuel ,ho>'s ,acc\nt ( ,8 ,expulsion f ,*>le/on ,,vi #adj ,dang]s f ,slav]y1 ,!odore ,p>k] 7#ahej7 ,,iv #hj ,sumn]1 8,! ,crime aga9/ ,kansas0 7#ahef7 ,,iv #hc ,/[e1 8,! ,/ory ( #8,uncle ,tom's ,cab9'0 ,,iv #hb ,! ,fir/ ,l9coln-,d\glas ,debate 7#aheh7 ,,iv #he ,words ( ,john ,br[n ,,iv #hd ,calh\n on ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,v #ajf ,l9coln's ,coop] ,in/itute ,address ,v #ajg ,l9coln's ,inaugurals & ,emancipation ,proclamation ,i #aa ,gov]nor ,&]son's ,address to ! ,massa*usetts ,legislature ,,vii #aeh ,w5dell ,phillips's ,oration on ,g>rison ,,iv #gi ,am]ica--7,lit]ature & ,education74 ,h>v>d ,college 7#afdc7 ,,iii #ea ,fir/ ,graduates ( ,h>v>d1 ,class ( #afdb ,,vii #afj ,poems ( ,anne ,brad/reet 7,selections7 ,,vii #aei ,selections f ,v>i\s ,v]sions ( ! ,engli% ,bible ,,iii #eg ,frankl9 on ,w> & ,peace ,,vii #afb ,frankl9's ,autobiography 7,boyhood7 ,,vii #afa ,william ,em]son's ,f\r? ( ,july ,oration 7#ahjb7 ,,vi #acd ,massa*usetts ,s*ools 9 #ahbd ,,vi #ace ,! ,fir/ ,numb] ( 8,! ,dial0 7#ahdj7 ,,vi #acg ,horace ,mann's ,address on 8,! ,gr\nd ( a ,free ,s*ool ,sy/em0 ,v #aji ,horace ,mann's 8,education & ,prosp]ity0 7#ahdh7 ,,vi #add ,*ann+'s 8,essay on a ,national ,lit]ature0 ,,vi #ada ,irel&'s 8,recollections ( ,em]son0 ,,vi #ach ,prospectus ( ,m\nt ,holyoke ,female ,sem9>y ,,vi #ade ,elihu ,burritt's 8,congress ( ,nations0 ,,vi #adf ,autobiography ( ,pet] ,coop] 7#agia-ahhc7 ,,vi #adg ,doro!a ,dix1 8,crim9al & ,defective ,classes 9 ,massa*usetts0 ,,vi #adh ,! ,l[ell ,(f]+ 7#ahde7 ,,vii #aeg ,f\nd+ ( ,hampton ,in/itute = ,negroes ,,vi #adi ,! ,longfell[ ,memorial 7#ahhb7 ,,vii #age ,municipal ,civics 9 ,elem5t>y & ,high ,s*ools#c ,,by ,,james ,j4 ,,%epp>d1 ,,pr9cipal ,,( ,,high ,,s*ool ,,( ,,comm]ce1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,9 an address at ! d$ication ( an educational build+ at ,albany a few days ago1 ,gov]nor ,hughes said3 8,i want to ref] to ! importance 9 ?is day ( giv+ our tea*]s & ( hav+ !m communicate to _! pupils ! prop] s5se ( ! responsibility ( citiz5%ip 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is n en\gh to h patriotic songs sung4 ,x is a f9e ?+ to h ! flag fly+ & to h x cont9u\sly be=e ! y\?ful m9d z a symbol ( ?is great indep5d5t nation1 ( ! l& ( ! free & ! home ( ! brave4 ,b z a di/+ui%$ man once said1 x is a v d\btful advantage to g5]ate emotion :i* has no practical use1 & ! emotions ( patriotism ought to be /imulat$ ) reg>d to c]ta9 important & practical ends4 ,/udy ( civics1 ! k ( ! actual op]ation ( our gov]nm5t is mo/ important40 ,9 ?is /atem5t ! gov]nor puts ! case admirably4 ,civics %\ld be taught 9 ! s*ools1 & x %\ld be taught 9 a practical way4 ,:5 y\r committee made its inve/igations "s half doz5 ye>s ago into ! matt] ( in/ruction 9 municipal gov]nm5t 9 elem5t>y & high s*ools1 x discov]$ two ?+s3 ,fir/1 a lam5table lack ( prop] in/ruction 9 ! subject 9 ! s*ools ( ! c\ntry1 & second1 an e>ne/ desire on ! "p ( ^? 9 au?ority to rem$y ?is lack4 ,advice & assi/ance 7 ask$ = by _m :o repli$ to our que/ionnaire4 ,we 7 impress$ ) ! importance ( pres5t+ some?+ def9ite & concrete 9 ! way ( recomm5dations4 ,x 0 easy en\gh ( c\rse to say t ! subject %\ld be taught 9 bo? elem5t>y & high s*ools1 t x %\ld be s plac$ 9 ! curriculum1 z to rea* all ! pupils1 & t x %\ld be1 z ,gov]nor ,hughes puts x1 a /udy ( ! actual op]ations ( our gov]nm5t4 ,b ! s*ools want$ some?+ m directly helpful ?an ?is4 ,few1 if any1 text-books suitable = ! purpose 7 available4 ,practically all ( !m 7 writt5 along ! conv5tional l9es ( a sci5tific treatm5t ( ! framework ( gov]nm5t ) b slight & ineffective attempts to make ! /udy o!r ?an "o ( broad g5]alizations ( little direct & concrete mean+ to ! y\?ful /ud5t4 ,happily !re has be5 "s endeavor s9ce ! committee's fir/ report to make texts :i* really meet ! ne$1 & !re are n[ on ! m>ket a few books :i* are g5u9ely helpful4 ,!re is e reason to believe t ! production ( ?is class ( books is greatly to increase4 ,h[ev] ! committee believes t suitable texts c only help to solve ! problem4 ,gov]nor ,hughes is q "r 9 emphasiz+ 8! importance ( giv+ our tea*]s & ( hav+ !m communicate to _! pupils ! prop] s5se ( responsibility ( citiz5%ip 9 ?is c\ntry40 ,t s5se ( responsibility w h>dly be /rong & effective if x is to come f purely academic /udy ( gov]nm5t4 ,x w be p[]ful & helpful if x comes f an e>ne/ & sympa!tic /udy ( gov]nm5t 9 op]ation1 a /udy ( :at ! gov]nm5t is actually do+ = ! /ud5t1 :at x ought to d & :at he himself c d to improve x4 ,a /udy ( ?is k9d c h>dly fail to give ! future citiz5 a feel+ ( pride 9 8 own city1 & a prop] s5se ( 8 own responsibility 9 mak+ its gov]nm5t hone/ & effici5t4 ,! municipal campaign rec5tly conclud$ 9 ,new ,york seems to h be5 conduct$ l>gely on ! idea t ! av]age vot] is m int]e/$ 9 p]sonalities ?an policies4 ,su* a campaign w\ld be impossible be=e an electorate hav+ ev5 an elem5t>y appreciation ( ! direct be>+ ^u its own p]sonal int]e/s ( an hone/ & effici5t adm9i/ration ( ! city's affairs4 ,x is pla9ly ! bus9ess ( ! s*ools to use _! extraord9>y opportunity & extraord9>y p[] to equip ! vot]s ( to-morr[ ) a tra9+ 9 ^! vital affairs ( gov]nm5t t %all make !m intellig5t critics ( :at _! s]vants 9 (fice h done or :at claimants = _! ballots propose to d4 ,h]et(ore ! s*ools h be5 g5]ally cont5t to give in/ruction on matt]s ( /ate & national gov]nm5t1 ) b scantie/ ref]5ce to municipal affairs1 9 spite ( ! fact t municipal gov]nm5t is ( mo/ direct & vital importance to ! citiz51 t\*+ him 9 8 daily life at e turn4 ,if ! s*ools c\ld only e/abli% firmly 9 ! m9ds ( ! /ud5ts j ! "o fact t p>ty labels are ( no importance 9 municipal matt]s1 t hone/ & effici5t adm9i/rators %\ld be *os5 reg>dless ( p>ty connection or endorsem5t t alone w\ld be a trem5d\s ga94 ,we h be5 go+ on ! assumption t a k ( /ate & f$]al gov]nm5t w furni% en\gh insight into matt]s ( adm9i/ration to guide ! vot] 9 matt]s ( municipal gov]nm5t4 ,x w\ld be f> bett] if ! *oice 7 necess>y to rely ^u a prop] k & appreciation ( municipal int]e/s to guide ! vot] 9 ! broad] fields ( gov]nm5t4 ,! *oice is ( c\rse n necess>y4 ,/ate & national gov]nm5t %\ld /ill be /udi$1 b 9 a m rational way4 ,mu* ! same me?od may well be employ$ z 9 ! /udy ( municipal gov]nm5t4 ,z has already be5 /at$1 y\r committee believes t in/ruction 9 municipal gov]nm5t %\ld rea* e pupil 9 ! s*ools4 ,t means t x %\ld n be delay$ 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool till ! la/ ye> ( ! c\rse1 or 9 ! high s*ool until ! s5ior ye>1 z is /ill g5]ally ! rule4 ,a l>ge p]c5tage ( elem5t>y s*ool pupils drop out be=e !y h complet$ ev5 ! sev5? ye> ( ! c\rse1 & a /ill l>g] p]c5tage ( high s*ool enrollm5t is lo/ long be=e ! graduation /age4 ,! committee believes t !re %\ld be cont9u\s in/ruction 9 civics dur+ ! la/ f\r ye>s ( ! elem5t>y c\rse1 mov+ along 9 easy & progressive fa%ion f a v simple /udy ( municipal h\sekeep+ to a fairly compreh5sive notion ( ! city's gov]nm5t activities4 ,! c\rse z outl9$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,city program ( /udies = elem5t>y s*ools has "s admirable features4 ,! c\rse 9 its pres5t =m is due 9 no small measure to ! "w ( y\r committee "u ! orig9al *airman%ip ( ,sup]9t5d5t ,maxwell4 ,x provides 9 ! fif? ye> = "s /udy ( ! duties ( citiz5s & public (ficials1 & also ( civic in/itutions4 ,! /udy beg9s v logically ) ! mo/ obvi\s =m ( municipal activity1 ! s*ool itself1 & goes on to o!r dep>tm5ts1 su* z *>ities1 t5em5t h\se1 & p>ks1 9 ea* in/ance emphasiz+ :at good citiz5%ip involves 9 ! pupil's relation to ! dep>tm5t4 ,9 o!r words1 ! /udy is n m]ely descriptive1 x is p]sonal z well4 ,9 ! six? ye> ! outl9e calls = in/ruction conc]n+ ! *ief adm9i/rative (fice ( ! city4 ,9 ! sev5? ye> & ! fir/ half ( ! eigh? ye> !re is no def9ite provision = municipal civics1 ! "t be+ devot$ to national gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! la/ half ( ! eigh? ye> !re is a return to ! city gov]nm5t ) 8increas+ emphasis ^u ! duties & responsibilities ( a citiz51 or z a memb] ( a family1 z pupil1 z employ] or employ$1 z vot] or z (fice-hold]40 ,! c\rse w\ld be greatly improv$ by mak+ a /udy ( ! city's municipal activities cont9u\s ?r\gh\t ! f\r ye>s4 ,at pres5t !re is a break 9 ! "w f ! end ( ! six? ye> to ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ half ( ! eigh? ye>4 ,! difficulty is ( c\rse t ( a cr[d$ curriculum1 b ! v great importance ( ! /udy ought to w9 = x a def9ite place 9 ! curriculum ev5 at ! exp5se ( "s o!r /udy4 ,j h[ well ! elem5t>y c\rse 9 municipal civics is adm9i/]$ 9 ,new ,york ,city or 9 o!r cities :]e x is prescrib$ x is impossible = ! committee to say4 ,a rec5t writ] 9 ! 8,survey0 seems r skeptical ( ! results obta9$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,f h] own %[+1 h[ev]1 ,i ?9k ! situation is n s bad z %e seems to imag9e x4 ,we :o tea* "k ! difficulty ( gett+ pupils to d !mselves ju/ice 9 exam9ations or te/s4 ,!y really "k m ?an _! answ]s indicate4 ,pati5t1 skillful1 sympa!tic que/ion+ w (t5 reveal intellig5ce :]e only ignorance seem$ to exi/4 ,x w\ld be a matt] = surprise1 h[ev]1 if our civics tea*+ 0 at pres5t all t x ought to be4 ,x is a new ?+ 9 ! curriculum4 ,bo? its cont5t & its prop] pres5tation mu/ be work$ out by exp]im5t4 ,x c only be well h&l$ by tea*]s ) a ke5 love = ! subject1 a g5u9e appreciation ( its value & "s ta/e = fir/ h& inve/igation4 ,sup]visory (fic]s mu/ give x cordial support & helpful direction4 ,= ! imm$iate future we mu/ look to ! high s*ools1 ,i ?9k1 to %[ ! mo/ m>k$ developm5t 9 ! /udy ( municipal activities4 ,! conditions ( tea*+ are m favorable & ! tea*+ =ce bett] qualifi$ to meet ! problem4 ,hi/ory & economics are bo? m g5]ally taught & c]ta9ly mu* bett] taught ?an !y 7 a decade ago1 & x w n be difficult1 ,i ?9k1 to int]e/ in/ructors 9 ^! subjects 9 ! new field ( municipal gov]nm5t4 ,( prime importance is ! place ( ! new /udy 9 ! curriculum4 ,! g5]al cu/om hi!rto has be5 to po/pone all tea*+ ( civics 9 second>y s*ools until ! f\r? ye>1 :5 ,am]ican hi/ory is tak5 up4 ,?is is a s]i\s error1 z x means no in/ruction :atev] 9 ! subject = ! va/ majority ( high s*ool /ud5ts1 a relatively small proportion ( :om complete ! full c\rse4 ,x %\ld n be po/pon$ till ev5 ! second ye>1 b %\ld be tak5 up at once by ! /ud5t ^u entrance into ! high s*ool z a s]i\s & important /udy4 ,confess$ly pupils ( #ad or #ae are n well prep>$ to receive in/ruction 9 civics1 z x is g5]ally taught z a sci5tific /udy ( /ate & national gov]nm5t1 ) a hi/orical backgr\nd4 ,! latt] may well cont9ue to be a "p ( a well-r\nd$ high s*ool c\rse1 modifi$ only by ! inclusion ( mu* m "w on ! municipal side & greatly improv$ by m rational me?ods ( tea*+4 ,b y\r committee e>ne/ly insi/s ^u place be+ made 9 ! v fir/ ye> ( ! high s*ool c\rse = ?is new "w4 ,at pres5t !re is only "o high s*ool 9 ,new ,york :i* is do+ ?is1 b x is int]e/+ to note t no less ?an ?ree committees are n[ at "w 9 t city ^u plans = a program ( /udy 9 ?is subject4 ,&1 moreov]1 two ( ^! committees h be5 appo9t$ by bodies ( a public "* :o are ask+ & secur+ ! coop]ation ( progressive tea*]s 9 ! task ( br++ ab\t ! desir$ *ange4 ,x is a v reasonable hope t 9 a comp>atively %ort "t all ! high s*ools 9 ! ,great] ,new ,york w be giv+ ! civics in/ruction s urg5tly ne$$ to all ! boys & girls :o ent] _! doors4 ,once ,new ,york or any o!r important educational c5t] %[s ! way1 we may confid5tly expect ! movem5t to spread rapidly4 ,judg+ f ! num]\s communications ! *airman ( y\r committee has receiv$ !re is already widespread int]e/ 9 ! subject4 ,! "t is !re=e ripe1 app>5tly1 = u to (f] def9ite recomm5dations 9 ! make-up ( a prop] c\rse ( /udy 9 ! new subject1 ^: value z a "p ( ! curriculum w dep5d *iefly ^u ! mann] 9 :i* x is pres5t$4 ,on ! :ole1 x is =tunate t a text-book is h>dly possible except z a supplem5t>y aid1 = !re is grave dang] t a /udy ( municipal activities bas$ ^u a text-book w\ld take too mu* ( an academic "* & int]f]e ) or m9imize ! fir/-h& obs]vation & inve/igation on ! "p ( bo? pupil & tea*]1 :i* are ( prim>y importance 9 realiz+ ! aims ( ! "w4 ,h[ev]1 !re are "s books ) :i* ! tea*] %\ld famili>ize himself1 among !m su* works z ,bak]'s 8,municipal ,eng9e]+ & ,sanitation10 ,eaton's 8,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,municipalities10 ,fairlie's 8,municipal ,adm9i/ration10 ,wilcox's 8,! ,am]ican ,city10 ,zuebl9's 8,am]ican ,municipal ,progress0 & ,%aw's excell5t books4 ,^! are useful 9 a broad1 g5]al way4 ,! tea*] %\ld make copi\s use ( ! city *>t] & reports ( ! v>i\s city dep>tm5ts1 su* z heal?1 t5em5t h\se1 p>ks1 s*ools1 etc4 ,! pupil's *ief reliance w be on ! city *>t] ap>t f ! tea*]'s in/ruction & 8 own obs]vation & inve/igation4 ,! c\rse might well be outl9$ 9 ! foll[+ g5]al way3 ,i4 ,a brief consid]ation ( ! way 9 :i* gov]nm5t 9 g5]al arises1 ) a discussion ( ! rise ( a village & its developm5t into ! city4 ,! pupil w be l$ to note ! ext5sion ( ! cop]ative idea f its simple manife/ation 9 ! primitive community to ! compreh5sive und]tak+s ( a mod]n metropolis4 ,! relation ( ! city to ! ,/ate w be made cle> 9 ?is discussion1 & a prop] und]/&+ ( :at a city *>t] is be giv54 ,,ii4 ,foll[+ imm$iately ^u ?is brief introductory /udy1 :i* w take on add$ mean+ z ! c\rse progresses1 %\ld come a /udy ( :at may prop]ly be consid]$ ! c5tral elem5t ( city life--! /reet4 ,"h we c appeal directly to ! pupil's own exp]i5ce & obs]vation 9 a m>k$ degree1 & we are sure ( 8 int]e/ :5 ! "w is relat$ s closely to 8 daily life4 ,x is probably wor? :ile to give a pretty full outl9e ( ! topics to be tak5 up 9 a /udy ( ! city /reet4 ,! "o :i* foll[s has be5 9 successful use = sev]al ye>s 9 ! ,high ,s*ool ( ,comm]ce 9 ,new ,york1 & naturally cov]s "s po9ts ( slight importance 9 o!r cities4 ,! ,/reet ! ,c5tral ,elem5t ( ,city ,life4 7a7 ,h[ /reets are made4 7b7 ,to :om !y belong4 7c7 ,:o pays = _! improvem5t8 7d7 ,:at !y are us$ = & :at !y conta94 #a4 ,roadways = traffic4 #b4 ,sidewalks4 #c4 ,gutt]s4 #d4 ,sew]s4 #e4 ,wat] pipes4 #f4 ,telegraph1 telephone & electric light wires4 #g4 ,c> tracks4 #h4 ,subways4 #i4 ,gas pipes4 #aj4 ,conduits4 ,a4 ,:i* ( ^! belong to ! city gov]nm5t8 ,b4 ,:o controls ea* ( ^!8 7,exact (ficials z f\nd 9 city *>t]47 ,c4 ,h[ ^! public utilities came to be 9 ! /reets4 ,d4 ,fran*ises2 :at are !y8 ,! ,/reet4 7a7 ,! prop] arrangem5t ( /reets4 7b7 ,! defects ( ! local sy/em z comp>$ ) t ( o!r cities4 7c7 ,:y our /reet sy/em 0 laid out z x is4 7d7 ,! surface ( ! /reet4 #a4 ,pav+4 a4 ,! v>i\s k9ds1 comp>ative advantages & co/s4 b4 ,! importance ( good pav+ to ! bus9ess int]e/s1 z %[n 9 transportation *>ges4 c4 ,:y ! surface ( ! /reets is n bett]1 & :o suff]s f x4 7#a7 ,poor pav+ at ! beg9n+1 & ! reason = x4 7#b7 ,con/ant te>+ up ( ! /reets & failure to replace prop]ly4 7#c7 ,rem$y = ^! evils4 ,a4 ,! conduit or subway4 #a4 ,:y we d n h x4 #b4 ,additional evils result+ f its abs5ce4 a4 ,wa/e ( gas4 b4 ,wa/e ( wat]4 c4 ,difficulty ( mak+ repairs4 d4 ,injury to heal? & vegetation4 ,poison\s gases4 ,uncleanl9ess4 #b4 ,! clean+ ( ! /reets4 a4 ,:o has *>ge ( x4 b4 ,:at x co/s4 c4 ,:y necess>y4 d4 ,h[ ! dep>tm5t is run4 e4 ,:at is done ) ! refuse & :at %\ld be done4 f4 ,duties ( ! h\sehold]4 g4 ,h[ we may keep ! /reets clean]4 h4 ,! spr9kl+ ( ! /reets4 #a4 ,by :om done4 #c4 ,! regulation ( traffic4 a4 ,:o makes ! regulations 7ord9ances1 rules78 b4 ,:o en=ces !m1 su* z ! direction & spe$ ( traffic8 c4 ,! encumb]+ ( sidewalks & /reets4 d4 ,! re/riction ( c]ta9 /reets4 e4 ,rem$ies = ! conge/ion ( traffic1 z tunnels1 belt l9es1 etc41 = freight4 f4 ,! gr[? ( bus9ess limit$ by traffic4 #d4 ,sidewalks4 a4 ,regulations z to lay+1 repair+4 b4 ,:o has jurisdiction ov] !m4 c4 ,! /oop l9e4 d4 ,"r ( ! citiz5 to dem& good sidewalks4 e4 ,block+ ! sidewalk4 #e4 ,gutt]s4 a4 ,^: bus9ess to keep cle> ( ice1 sn[ or dirt4 b4 ,^: bus9ess to en=ce ! law & :o makes ! law8 #f4 ,! sew] sy/em4 a4 ,h[ & by :om sew]s are put 94 b4 ,:o pays = !m4 c4 ,:o has *>ge ( !m4 d4 ,h[ connect$ ) ! h\ses4 e4 ,h[ ! sewage is dispos$ (4 f4 ,:at is done 9 o!r cities & :at %\ld be done "h8 g4 ,! importance ( a good sew] sy/em to ! heal? ( ! community4 #g4 ,! wat] supply4 a4 ,:y ! city & n ! individual furni%es ! supply ( wat] 9 a great city4 b4 ,:y ! wat] supply conditions ! gr[? ( ! city4 c4 ,:]e we obta9 our pres5t wat] supply & h[ x rea*es u4 d4 ,:o has *>ge ( ! wat] supply4 e4 ,! total & p] capita supply ( wat] 9 ! city4 f4 ,h[ wat] is paid =4 g4 ,! dang] ( a wat] fam9e4 #a4 ,h[ x c be av]t$4 7a7 ,sav+ ! wat] by ! repair+ ( leaks1 us+ met]s1 etc41 salt wat] = fires & clean+ /reets4 7b7 ,new s\rces ( supply4 ,! difficulties4 h4 ,! advantages ( city own]%ip ov] private company4 i4 ,co/ ( wat] supply4 #h4 ,light+ ! /reets4 a4 ,h[ x is done4 b4 ,:at x co/s4 c4 ,:o has *>ge ( x4 d4 ,%\ld x be done by ! city or a private company8 e4 ,! use ( ! /reets = c>ry+ pipes & wires4 f4 ,:o controls ?is use8 g4 ,! control ov] ^! companies by ! city or /ate4 h4 ,ought ! city furni% light to citiz5s = _! private purposes8 i4 ,h[ ! furni%+ ( light & fuel diff]s f furni%+ meat & groc]ies4 j4 ,:o gives ! "r to place telegraph & telephone wires8 k4 ,:y %\ld !y be und]gr\nd8 7a7 ,appe>ance1 7b7 ,light1 7c7 ,fire4 #i4 ,transportation by c>s on ! /reets4 a4 ,! giv+ ( fran*ises1 :y8 b4 ,:at is paid = a fran*ise8 c4 ,:o has jurisdiction ov] /reet railways & to :at ext5t8 d4 ,%\ld ! city own !m8 e4 ,importance ( /reet pass5g] transportation 9 ! life ( ! city4 f4 ,:at *eap] f>es c\ld d = ! city4 #aj4 ,! rights ( citiz5s on ! /reets4 a4 ,laws & ord9ances :i* secure ^!1 z ^? aga9/ disord]ly conduct1 cr[d+1 ball play+1 excessive spe$+ & ^? regulat+ processions1 bann]s1 etc4 #aa4 ,lic5ses to use /reets4 a4 ,:at bus9esses require to be lic5s$ & :y8 b4 ,h[ lic5ses are secur$4 ,,iii4 ,"p ,,iii ( ! c\rse takes up ! matt] ( protection to life & prop]ty by ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( ! city gov]nm5t1 z foll[s3 ,protection to life & prop]ty by #a4 ,! ,police ,dep>tm5t4 #b4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education4 #c4 ,fire ,dep>tm5t4 #d4 ,! ,c\rts & ,dep>tm5t ( ,correction4 #e4 ,! ,heal? ,dep>tm5t4 #f4 ,! ,t5em5t ,h\se ,dep>tm5t4 #g4 ,! ,bureau ( ,build+s4 #h4 ,! ,p>k ,dep>tm5t4 #i4 ,! ,*>ities ,dep>tm5t4 #a4 ,police4 ,polic+ ! ,/reets4--,! organization & managem5t ( ! police dep>tm5t4 ,! duties ( policem54 ,! importance ( an hone/ & effici5t police dep>tm5t4 ,:y ?is dep>tm5t is s (t5 criticiz$4 ,! evils ( graft & :y x exi/s4 ,/ate or c\nty control ( police4 ,%\ld ! head arise f ! ranks8 ,%\ld 8 position be p]man5t8 ,! rights ( citiz5s z aga9/ ! police4 ,h[ to make compla9ts4 ,s]v+ w>rants4 ,! police control ov] /reet traffic1 /reet cr[ds1 pu% c>ts1 etc4 #b4 ,education4 ,! educational law & :y x exi/s4 ,:y ! city furni%es free education4 ,! organization ( ! dep>tm5t ( education4 ,! me?od ( appo9tm5t ( (ficials & ! tea*+ =ce4 ,! advantages ( ! sy/em ( appo9tm5ts4 ,k9ds ( day s*ools4 ,! total co/ ( education 9 ! city4 ,! co/ p] pupil 9 ea* class ( s*ools4 ,! co/ 9 ! high s*ool4 ,! co/ ( books & supplies4 ,is x wor? :ile8 ,special s*ools & colleges3 ,ev5+ s*ools1 corporate s*ools4 ,! lecture sy/em4 ,! vacation playgr\nd4 ,aims & advantages ( ea*4 ,:y !y exi/4 ,:at !y accompli%4 ,! excell5ces & defects ( our sy/em ( education z comp>$ ) t ( o!r cities & c\ntries4 ,supplem5t>y education4 #a4 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum4 #b4 ,! ,botanical ,g>d5s4 #c4 ,! ,zoological ,g>d54 #d4 ,! ,art ,museum4 #c4 ,! ,fire ,dep>tm5t4 ,protection aga9/ fire dep5ds ^u 7#a7 ! build+ laws1 7#b7 ! wat] supply1 & 7#c7 ! effici5cy ( ! fire dep>tm5t4 ,h[ "o becomes a fireman4 ,! organization ( ! dep>tm5t4 7a7 ,! influ5ce ( ! insurance companies4 7b7 ,! poor con/ruction ( build+s4 7c7 ,! esprit de corps4 ,sal>ies & p5sions4 #d4 ,! ,c\rts & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,correction4 #a4 ,civil ,c\rts4 ,a4 ,municipal ,c\rts4 ,_! jurisdiction1 (fic]s & di/rict4 ,b4 ,! ,city ,c\rt 7c\nty74 ,c4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt4 #b4 ,crim9al ,c\rts4 ,"u ! /udy ( c\rts comes ! "w ( ! c\rt (fic]s & ! processes connect$ ) ! trial4 ,! t]m ( ! (fice1 selection & sal>y ( ! v>i\s (ficials4 ,! mean+ ( ! v>i\s t]ms us$4 ,probation sy/em4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,correction4--,its managem5t & duties4 ,prison labor4 ,! indet]m9ate s5t5ce sy/em4 #e4 ,! ,heal? ,dep>tm5t4 7a7 ,9 relation to ! ord9>y resid5t4 7b7 ,9 relation to ! l&lord4 7c7 ,9 relation to ! bus9ess man4 ,a /udy ( ! actual regulations ( ?is dep>tm5t z f\nd 9 ! code1 & a description ( its activities1 toge!r ) comp>ison ) ! "w done 9 o!r cities4 #f4 ,! ,t5em5t ,h\se ,dep>tm5t4 ,:5 & :y =m$8 ,:o is subject to x8 ,h[ organiz$8 ,:at x has accompli%$4 ,:y x ne$s a /rong head4 ,illu/rations f report ( ! ,t5em5t ,h\se ,dep>tm5t4 ,dictation ( mo/ important provisions ( law4 #g4 ,build+ ,bureau4 ,h[ x diff]s 9 organization f o!r dep>tm5ts4 ,! build+s subject to its jurisdiction4 ,:y its ineffici5t managem5t is s disa/r\s4 ,! temptation to graft & :at x co/s4 #h4 ,! ,p>k ,dep>tm5t4 ,h[ x protects heal?4 ,h[ our p>k sy/em arose & :at x has co/4 ,h[ ! p>ks are manag$4 ,! ne$ ( small p>ks4 ,:at p>ks h accompli%$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,b\lev>ds z p>ks4 ,! ne$ & b5efit ( playgr\nds z conducive to heal?1 educative & prev5tive ( crime4 ,! desirability ( s*ool playgr\nds4 ,dang]s ?reat5+ p>ks4 #i4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,*>ities4 ,! hospital & ambulance s]vice4 ,out-door relief4 ,asylums4 ,h[ ! de/itute may be aid$4 ,! city's aid to private *>itable in/itutions4 ,9 ?is connection x is bo? desirable & feasible = ! pupils to visit ! m important dep>tm5ts & get "s fir/-h& impressions ( _! "w4 ,our exp]i5ce has be5 t ! city (ficials will+ly & helpfully cop]ate ) ! s*ool4 ,n only h !y furni%$ u mu* valuable mat]ial1 b !y h also facilitat$ ! inspection ( _! dep>tm5ts1 & h n infrequ5tly !mselves giv5 helpful talks to ! boys4 ,,iv4 ,foll[+ close ^u ! /udy ( ! dep>tm5ts comes a consid]ation ( ! co/ to ! city4 ,! pupil has not$ ! ext5sive activities ( ! municipality & ! important "q ( h[ !y are all paid = looms up be=e him4 ,! budget mu/ be /udi$1 & ! mann] ( levy+ & collect+ taxes mu/ be und]/ood1 z well z ! rais+ ( money by loans4 ,"u prop] guidance he w come to realize h[ extravagant & ineffici5t gov]nm5t affects him p]sonally1 h[ hone/ & economic gov]nm5t has a money value to e citiz54 ,he w want to "k :at city (fic]s det]m9e ! am\nt ( money to be sp5t1 & j :at (fic]s sp5d ! money4 ,new ,york ,city has _h a ,bo>d ( ,e/imate & ,apportionm5t 9 control ( its f9ances = a decade1 yet x rema9$ = ! rec5t ?ree-corn]$ fight = ! mayoralty1 ) its result+ *oice ( a ,democratic mayor & a ,fusion ,bo>d ( ,e/imate1 to br+ home to ! av]age citiz5 :at ! pr(essional politician _h long und]/ood1 t ?is ,bo>d h really mu* m to d ) ! gov]nm5t ( ! city ?an ! mayor1 t 9 reality ,new ,york has a sort ( gov]nm5t by commission4 ,v4 ,we come f9ally 9 our /udy to a consid]ation ( ! citiz5's "p 9 ! adm9i/ration ( municipal affairs4 ,topics su* z ! foll[+ %\ld be tak5 up3 ,becom+ a citiz54 ,becom+ a vot]4 ,regi/ration4 ,vot+4 ,vot+ b a "p4 ,! p>ty organization4 ,! cause ( good or bad gov]nm5t4 ,h[ ! citiz5 may gov]n ! city ?r\gh ! p>ty organization4 ,enrollm5t4 ,! di/rict capta94 ,! di/rict committee4 ,! di/rict lead]4 ,! g5]al committee4 ,! lead] ( ! organization4 ,h[ ! lead] rea*es 8 place4 ,organization ! key to success 9 politics4 ,c&idates = (fice1 h[ select$1 =mally1 actually4 ,:y ! high s*ool graduate %\ld "w ?r\gh an organization = an hone/1 bus9ess-l gov]nm5t4 ,! prec$+ "p ( ! c\rse w h fail$ ( its purpose if x hasn't e/abli%$ 9 ! pupil's m9d c]ta9 elem5t>y ideas & ideals conc]n+ ! purpose ( gov]nm5t & a s5se ( ! duty & responsibility :i* e citiz5 owes to ! community 9 :i* he works & lives4 ,he w be an intellig5t read] ( ! num]\s items 9 ! daily press be>+ ^u ! adm9i/ration ( city affairs1 & he w "k h[ z a vot] he may take an active & effective "p 9 t adm9i/ration alike = 8 own be/ int]e/s & t ( ! community4 ,! c\rse outl9$ is n an artificial affair bas$ ^u pure !ory4 ,x has be5 successfully c>ri$ on 9 "o high s*ool = half a decade1 w9n+ ! en?usia/ic int]e/ ( fir/-ye> pupils z well z ( ! tea*]s *>g$ ) its conduct4 ,x c be adapt$ to ! high s*ool ( any community1 & w fail ( its purpose only if x is manag$ 9 a p]functory fa%ion by in/ructors :o h n a pr(essional int]e/ 9 _! "w1 or a high s5se ( _! great responsibility & _! great opportunity4 ,x w\ld be a spl5did ?+ if we c\ld require ( all tea*]s 9 ! public s*ools a k ( ! gov]nm5tal activities ( ! municipality !y are call$ ^u to s]ve1 = surely !y ( all citiz5s1 ought to be famili> ) ! purpose & practice ( gov]nm5t4 ,,footnote3 #c ,report at ! ,c9c9nati ,meet+ 7,novemb] #af1 #aiji7 ( ! ,national ,municipal ,league by ,j4 ,j4 ,%epp>d1 ,pr9cipal ,new ,york ,high ,s*ool ( ,comm]ce1 ,*airman ( ! ,committee on ,in/ruction 9 ,municipal ,gov]nm5t 9 ,elem5t>y & ,high ,s*ools4 ,has ,hi/ory a ,practical ,value8#d ,,by ,,pr(essor ,j4 ,n4 ,,b[man1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia1 ,,b]keley4 ,?is "q ( ! practical value ( hi/ory rises n out ( a !ory b out ( exi/+ social & educational conditions4 ,9 a practical age :]e 8do+ ?+s0 receives su* g5]\s applause1 & 8ends0 are held 9 high e/imation2 :5 8results10 & v frequ5tly mat]ial 8results10 are ! norms ( success1 & 8effici5cy0 wid5s its mean+ beyond ! physical _w1--!n hi/ory1 z well z o!r subjects is call$ into "q to r5d] an acc\nt ( itself be=e ! judgm5t b> ( ! pres5t4 ,life looms up great beyond all ! p>ts ( ! s*ool sy/em4 ,! eigh? grade has its graduation into life z well z ! high s*ool & college4 ,! grades feel _! responsibility to ! great majority ( _! pupils :o g directly into life4 ,9 ! ,ea/ ! high s*ools are break+ f ! 8prep>atory /atus0 to ! college1 & are look+ to ! good !y c d = _! pupils :o get no m s*ool+4 ,trade s*ools are gr[+ up )9 & beside ! high s*ools1 z ! pr(essional s*ools grew up )9 & beside ! colleges4 ,! college itself is 9 "q by labor union committees & inaugural addresses4 ,! univ]sity is becom+ pr(essional2 ev5 ,arts & ,lett]s 9 prep>+ tea*]s & g5]al practition]s ( arts & lett]s4 ,! indu/rial movem5t has n[ ! economic int]pretation ( hi/ory4 ,! 8,m>ket ,reports0#e ( ! univ]sity h br\ght ! 8tick]0 )9 ! college walls4 ,/ud5ts & p>5ts are ask+ m & m insi/5tly1 8,:at is ! use80 & 8,:at is ! practical value80 ,! "q is n new2 ! que/ion]s are n new2 ! ?+s que/ion$ are new4 ,9 old5 days :5 s*ools exi/$ prim>ily = ! ,lat9 pr(essions1 ! "q 0 answ]$3 ^! ?+s prep>e = law1 m$ic9e1 & ! m9i/ry4 ,s*ools n[ prep>e = o!r pr(essions & also = ! trades2 b ! "q is n yet answ]$ )\t condition1 am5dm5t or diss5t4 ,9 ^? old days ! memb]s ( ! ,lat9 pr(essions 7 ! be>]s ( ! highe/ culture2 b n[ ) our ideas ( democracy & opportunity1 & ! g5]al diffusion ( k1 ^! memb]s are b a small fraction ( ! be>]s ( ! highe/ culture4 ,! s*ool sy/em has gr[n f ! s*ool ( ! pr(essions into ! s*ool ( ! p2 b d ! s*ools prep>e = ! p z ! old] s*ools prep>$ = ! pr(essions8 ,a heal?y1 gr[+ in/itution--l ,web/]'s m>9]--mu/ con/antly take its be>+s relative to life to "k h[ f> ! elem5ts ( fads1 specialization1 & s*ol>ly isolation are driv+ x f its true c\rse4 ,practical relates to action1 use1 practice2 x ref]s to ends or means to ends2 x is oppos$ to !oretical1 speculation or ideal4 ,b !re is no?+ 9 ! ^w to deb> its use 9 m5tal z well z physical fields4 ,x may be us$ z ! ,g]man uses bung 9 8 univ]sity c\rses4 ,value is ! quality t makes some?+ suitable = ends or purposes4 ,x p]mits ! wilde/ limit ( 8art = art's sake02 & equally p]mits "o "p ( ! 8art0 to be suitable to ! ends & purposes ( ano!r "p or ( ano!r 8art40 ,practical value1 !n1 is ! quality t r5d]s a ?+ useful or desirable 9 meet+ ends4 ,x does n by any means alone imply 8= rev5ue only40 ,has hi/ory a practical value8 ,x dep5ds on ! ends4 ,! n>r[e/ speciali/ z well z ! broade/ humanit>ian w bo? agree ^u ! usefulness & desirability ( hi/ory to meet _! respective ends1 b !y disagree ^u :at ! ends are4 ,! speciali/ is int]e/$ 9 hi/ory = its own sake2 to him ! elem5t ( hi/ory is ! fact2 ! tradition ( ! sev5te5? to ! n9ete5? c5turies has =c$ him to select 8 facts 9 ! fields ( politics1 w> & diplomacy2 ! me?od he uses is r a "o-sid$ use ( ! natural-sci5tific me?od4 ,he is int]e/$ 9 ! facts = _! own sake3 he is (t5 too little int]e/$ 9 _! value1 importance & int]-relations4 ,he has p]=m$ a great s]vice 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury 9 correct+ old facts & 9 f9d+ new ones4 ,b n[ he has su* m\nta9s ( facts t he is ov]aw$ by _! mass1 & long practice 9 8 me?od prev5ts him f us+ !m4 ,s a great ,h>v>d pr(essor is report$ z say+1 8,keep on pil+ up facts1 _! weight w squeeze out "s k9d ( ord]40 ,9 8 attempt to be sci5tific ! speciali/ has us$ only "o side ( ! sci5ti/'s me?od2 he has =gott5 t ! sci5ti/ works n only ) matt]1 b ) ! activities & relations ( matt]4 ,he loves to bru% ! mold (f ! dry bones ( ! pa/4 ,p]haps he ev5 has a dream ( articulat+ a few ( ! bones into a cross section ( ! skeleton ( ! political pa/4 ,?is is a rightful "p ( ! "w 9 ! univ]sity & graduate s*ool1 un=tunately (t5 ! all-dom9at+ "p4 ,i h spok5 at l5g? ( ?is "w = ! reason t 9 ?is /ate !re is requir$ ( all high s*ool tea*]s a ye> ( graduate "w 9 "s univ]sity ( ! ,am]ican ,association4 ,! speciali/'s me?od receiv$ !re is all too (t5 tak51 )\t adaptation into ! high s*ool & occasionally ev5 into ! grades4 ,s 8art = art's sake0 is p]petuat$4 ,! boy is prep>$ = c>ry+ on rese>* :5 he expects to c>ry on bus9ess1 & ! girl is drill$ 9 turn+ out monographs :5 %e expects to turn out biscuits4 ,"h is :]e ! p>5ts1 & o!rs1 raise ! "q1 :at is ! use8 ,! answ] & ! re=m mu/ come f ! top d[nw>ds4 ,on ! o!r h& ! humanit>ian is (t5 s broad t 8 "w conta9s b little ( hi/ory2 x is s ?9 & transp>5t t x may ju/ly be call$ cultur9e4 ,8 pupils le>n answ]s1 b n ! /eps to ! answ]s2 or !y le>n ! fa%ion phrase ( ! 8example10 b n ! /eps ( solution4 ,at e po9t 9 _! j\rney ?r\gh ! pa/ !y are dep5d5t on _! ,bdeck]4 ,"h aga9 is :]e ! "q is rais$1 :at is ! use8 ,x is n necess>y to make a *oice ( ei!r ( ^! = ! hi/ory "w 9 ! s*ools4 ,:]e ! fact-hunt] ends 8 "w ! hi/orian may beg9 84 ,m important ?an ei!r fact or g5]alization is ! me?od ( gett+ at ea* s t ! pupil may become self-active4 ,if he le>ns ^! me?ods he c use ! facts 9 f9d+ o!r facts1 9 expla9+ & int]pret+ o!r facts1 or 9 und]/&+ o!r dep>tm5ts ( life4 ,he c use facts inductively & ?r\gh a process ( analysis & classification rea* g5]alization2 or l ,kepl]1 ,newton & ,f>aday he c "w on ! facts d$uctively4 ,he c foll[ l9es ( int]e/1 ?reads ( activity2 he c view !m f "o view po9t or f diff]5t view po9ts4 ,on ! o!r h& he c le>n & use ! me?od ( work+ a fact aft] ! ,seignobosian 8rules ( ! game40 ,s ev5 )9 ! n>r[] & pr(essional field !re is ! practical value4 ,b ! end is /ill 9 "q4 ,! pupil goes f ! grades1 high s*ool & college into life to take 8 "p z a workman "s eight h\rs ( ! day & z a citiz5 all tw5ty-f\r2 z an active1 creative work] ?r\gh ! prime ( 8 life1 & z a memb] ( society to 8 grave4 ,! p>5ts & ! p out 9 life ask ! "q ( ! practical value1 & !y answ] x f ! /&po9t ( life & social effici5cy4 ,does hi/ory /& ! te/8 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! speciali/ fails2 ! /oreh\se ( facts is /atic1 effici5cy is active2 ! me?od ( facts results only 9 ano!r /atic fact4 ,! cultur9e tea*] f>es some:at bett]2 he is active1 b un=tunately ) empty symbols4 ,he deals ) answ]s & n ) problems1 ) 8 ,bdeck] & n ) ! ?+ itself4 ,x is ! long /ret* betwe5 ! two t is want+--! process1 ! use4 ,! hi/ory "w mu/ be adapt$ to ! life ne$s ( ! pupils z memb]s ( society3 ^? facts1 ^? g5]alizations1 & especially ^? processes ( rea*+ f "o to ! o!r1 t c make him an effici5t memb] ( society4 ,isolat$ facts w be soon =gott51 g5]alizations w p]haps /ick long]1 b me?ods ( g5]alization c be us$ ?r\gh\t life on new facts to rea* new g5]alizations4 ,:at are "s ( ! ?+s 9 life & society = :i* hi/ory may be us$1--! ends to :i* x may be adapt$ 9 /udy & tea*+8 ,someone has po9t$ out f\r ends1 b ,i %\ld l to add ano!r1 fully consci\s ( ! except+ & v>y+ relations betwe5 !m3 read+1 /udy+1 tea*+1 writ+1 & ,i %\ld l to add liv+4 ,writ+ is ju/ly ! "w ( ! pr(essional1 i4 e41 ! graduate s*ool2 yet if hi/ory ev] becomes a sci5ce x is n at all impossible t liv+ may n usurp ?is position 9 graduate "w4 ,tea*+1 9 ?is /ate1 is also ! "w ( ! graduate s*ool & ! la/ ye>s ( ! college4 ,?is leaves1 !n1 read+1 /udy+ & liv+ t t\* ! hi/ory "w f ! grades to ! college2 ^! also und]lie ! o!r two4 ,! basis on :i* all ^! re/ is life itself1 & ! int]e/ "o takes 9 life4 ,s9ce "o is "h 9 ?is _w he is int]e/$ 9 x1 to get z mu* out ( & put z mu* into x z he c2 if he has no int]e/ he at lea/ ex]ts himself ei!r to be a p>asite or to %uffle (f its weight4 ,?is int]e/ is ! />t+ po9t ( ! int]e/ 9 ! pa/ ( ?is life2 ! basis ( ! asc5d+ scale f read+ onw>d4 ,read+ runs ?r\gh all hi/ory "w f ! /ories--told & read--9 ! grades to ! read+ aft] d9n] by ! ev5+ fireside4 ,int]e/ 9 life z x 01 is1 & is becom+3 ! problems & policies1 ! activity & /ruggle1 ! peaceful life ( ! cott] or ! demon life ( ! battlefield1 ! gr[? ( trade & ! sail+ ( ,columbus1 or ! "w ( ,ba* or ,p>acelsus4 ,f "s life int]e/ n[ "o travels back to *os5 places & times1 & "u ! lead ( "s ,virgil & ,beatrice does m ?an ,dante 9 tak+ up tempor>y habitation !n & !re4 ,f a purely comm]cial po9t ( view1 also1 ! hi/orian c "h b5efit himself--& 8 publi%]--9 prep>+ a public to dem& 8 books4 ,/udy+ is a /ep beyond read+2 ,virgil & ,beatrice are "h dismiss$4 ,x explores "s field ( int]e/ & foll[s "s ?read2 x reads pages & *apt]s & n volumes or s]ies4 ,! books may be /ories1 texts or docum5ts--! /ory mu/ be piec$ toge!r f _m s\rces4 ,9 read+1 ! books lead ! read]2 9 /udy+1 ! /ud5t leads ! books4 ,x is ! transitory inquisitiv5ess ( ! *ild become some:at con/ant 9 ! lat] grades & high s*ool1 & fix$ 9 ! univ]sity 9 ! pr(essional /udy ( 8ut clauses40 ,reflection & /udy g h& 9 h&1--! latt] to answ] ! que/ions ( ! =m]4 ,= ! v great majority ( p ?is is ! ne>e/ !y ev] get to pr(essional hi/ory "w4 ,x is ( ! greate/ practical value to ^? :o use hi/ory = o!r ?an ! pleasant h\r's read+4 ,9 liv+1 life & hi/ory unite4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 t\*es ! live "q ( :at is hi/ory4 ,! speciali/ & 8 me?ods are adaptable practically alone to a pa/ n com+ )9 eighty to tw5ty ye>s ( ! pres5t4 ,b ! p>5t & ! man 9 life deal on ! "o h& ) human be+s1 in/itutions1 matt]1 etc41 & on ! o!r ) life =ces & en]gies4 ,all ^! exi/ 9 diff]5t & modifi$ =ms 9 ! speciali/'s pa/4 ,if ?is brea* betwe5 ! pa/ & pres5t _c be bridg$1 !n ! labor+ man is "r 9 ask+ t hi/ory be displac$ by ?+s t c bridge x4 ,! man 9 life is busy ) ! art ( liv+--c hi/ory help him 9 ?is8 ,if hi/ory is ev] to be a sci5ce & be sci5tific1 x mu/ consid]1 z d ! sci5ces1 ! consequ5t "q ( be+ an art--( rea*+ desir$ effects ) kn[n causes4 ,^? :o ask ! "q1 has hi/ory a practical value1 g f ! pres5t life into hi/ory4 ,f t viewpo9t !y see its work+s1 & f life & society !y draw _! norm by :i* !y judge x1 accept x 9 ! curriculum & pay taxes = ! hi/ory tea*]'s sal>y4 ,= su* a purely selfi% note z ?is hi/ory %\ld n wait2 b %\ld se>* out 9 society & life h[ x may be ( s]vice "s way & someh[1 & ?r\gh its tea*+ supply ^! ne$s4 ,x c !n make itself indisp5sable & =e/all all "q ( its practical value4 ,! practical value ( hi/ory to life dep5ds on a complex ( race1 age1 c\ntry1 locality & ! individual4 ,"s phases ( ?is value might be /at$ ?us3 an ease 9 obs]v+1 analyz+ & classify+ ! life activities ( to-day4 ,no o!r subject taught 9 ! s*ools t\*es life at s _m po9ts & 9 s _m ( its activities4 ,?r\gh see+ 9 hi/ory ! close int]relation ( activities 9 ! pa/ ! /ud5t c be l$ to see ! close int]relation ( ! activities ( 8 own day4 ,aga91 he le>ns to see life z a hi/oric :ole--8 contemporane\s life 9 connection ) ! life ( ! race4 ,he ?us le>ns valuations & norms = judg+ "*4 ,he le>ns t ,jeffries & ,johnson are less valuable 9 life ?an ,pa/eur & ,euck52 t ev5 9 ! hi/ory ( pugilism !y p]haps are less notewor?y ?an ei!r ,sullivan or ,corbett4 ,aga91 hi/ory c help him to save exp]i5ce4 ,he c le>n to apply ) due modification to pres5t problems n ! answ]s ( ! pa/ to pa/ problems1 b ! ways ( solv+ ^? problems4 ,mat]ial & social environm5ts exi/ n[ z !y exi/$ 9 ! days ( ! ,greeks2 hung] & socialization1 love & ambition1 ! desire to "k & to feel1 are z effective n[ z 9 ! days ( ,socrates4 ,! comb9ation & ! emphasis *ange4 ,! pa/ _c answ] ! problem ( ! pres5t1 b c help him to answ] x4 ,aga91 hi/ory c help him to be tol]ant1 s9ce our day dem&s tol]ance4 ,9 /udy+ "s /ruggle ( ! pa/ he le>ns to see t "q f two or m sides2 ?is practice helps1 ) ! practice 9 o!r subjects taught 9 ! s*ools1 to consid] a pres5t "q f its _m sides4 ,hi/orical imp>tiality is frequ5tly misus$3 imp>tiality plays its "p 9 ! consid]ation ( que/ions1 b %\ld n be all[$ to m> decisions :5 once made4 ,! speciali/ & 8 pupils c easily /& (f f & out ( pres5t1 active life l m5 f ,m>s4 ,tol]ance1 !n1 is desirable 9 ! consid]ation ( que/ions1 & ( ! activities ackn[l$g$ by society2 = tol]ance1 l lib]ty1 does n mean lic5se4 ,aga91 hi/ory has a practical value 9 connect+ ! pres5t almo/ z intimately ) ! pa/ z hope does ! pres5t ) ! future4 ,x gives two or m po9ts toge!r ) ! pres5t f :i* direction & t5d5cy may be se54 ,x c ?us help to break d[n ! lonel9ess ( ! pres5t4 ,! life ( ea* succe$+ pres5t mu/ dictate its own norms ( effici5cy3 :e!r citiz5%ip or patriotism1 "* or individuality1 socialization or socialism1 etc4 ,! practical value ( hi/ory is l ! practical value ( all o!r subjects--x mu/ adapt itself to life ne$s1 & by its lead]%ip make itself indisp5sable to life & society4 ,also x mu/ be ( practical value to ! individual = 8 pleasure1 8 use1 & 8 bus9ess2 by its adaptability to ^! ends x makes itself indisp5sable to him4 ,x has ?is practical value = ! pupils 9 ! grades1 high s*ool1 & college1 9 contribut+ some?+ = !mselves & = _! p>ts 9 life4 ,an ,idaho c[-pun*] la/ summ] def9$ life z 8j "o d---- ?+ aft] ano!r40 ,x has also be5 po9t$ out t ?is is ! be/ def9ition ( hi/ory1 z all too (t5 taught & writt54 ,! 8c[-pun*]0 =ms a small class1 & is rapidly disappe>+2 hi/ory w soon be =c$ to adapt itself to ano!r class & to a life o!rwise def9$4 ,9 do+ s x is hop$ t x w n be by ?is *ance & unconsci\s adaptation1 b t x w consci\sly & delib]ately adapt itself to ! new class & its life4 ,i believe hi/ory has a practical value 9 life1 & a place 9 ! s*ool sy/em2 & also t x c prove ?is value s effici5tly t its critics w n wi% to relegate hi/ory to ! position ( ,greek & ,lat94 ,,footnotes3 #d ,sub/ance ( a talk be=e a gr\p ( hi/ory tea*]s1 9 ,san ,francisco1 ,septemb] #ah?1 #aiji4 #e ,a weekly report 9 ! ,alumni ,weekly ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 on ! fluctuat+ quotations 9 tea*]s1 eng9e]s1 m9]s1 etc4 8,a ,s\rce ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates0 ,,by ,,pr(essors ,,caldwell ,,& ,,p]s+]4 ,_m ( ! lit]>y hi/ories writt5 9 ! la/ half c5tury h c>efully avoid$ quotations or repr9ts ( docum5ts4 ,9 ! e>ly hi/orical lit]ature ( ,am]ica docum5ts 7 ins]t$ or app5d$ to almo/ e hi/ory2 b ?is /yle gave way to ! lit]>y ideal ( express+ ! ?\ght ( ! docum5ts 9 ! hi/orian's own words4 ,!re are _m volum$ hi/ories writt5 t[>d ! close ( ! n9ete5? c5tury :i* make no pret5ce ( reproduc+ ! =m or words ( ! s\rce-mat]ial4 ,x 0 b natural1 !re=e1 :5 ! /udy ( hi/ory came to be tak5 up s]i\sly 9 colleges & s*ools1 t tea*]s & s*ol>s %\ld desire to get away f ! insipid lit]>y g5]alizations1 & ta/e ! fre%ness ( ! orig9al s\rces4 ,x 0 ?is insi/5ce ^u a c]ta9 lit]>y /yle :i* creat$ ! s\rce-book2 & to-day we h !re=e ! lit]>y hi/ory & ! s\rce-collection side by side4 ,e>ly s\rce-books conta9$ simply highly significant docum5ts1 or docum5ts :i* might be treat$ z types4 ,we h advanc$ f> f ?is1 & n[ our editor aims to give ! n>rative ( hi/ory 9 ! language ( ! orig9al docum5ts4 ,ca/+ aside all rev]5ce = ! docum5t z a complet$ :ole1 ,pr(essors ,caldwell & ,p]s+] h cut & trimm$ out e unnecess>y phrase & s5t5ce1 tak+ a few words f "o docum5t1 a few p>agraphs f ano!r1 a few pages1 p]haps1 f ano!r4 ,by ?is process1 ! volume is made to approa* ne>ly to ! consecutive developm5t ( ?\ght & arrangem5t %[n 9 ! n>rative hi/ories4 ,! language & spell+ ( ! orig9als are 9 all cases pres]v$1 & all omissions are indicat$ by ! usual typographical means4 ,! "w is divid$ into f\r *apt]s2 ! fir/ on 8,! ,mak+ ( ,colonial ,am]ica10 occupies #afe pages2 ! second1 8,revolution & ,indep5d5ce1 #agfd-aghf10 fills #ajj pages2 ! ?ird1 8,! ,mak+ ( a ,democratic ,nation10 #aca pages2 & ! f\r?1 8,slav]y & ! ,sectional ,/ruggle1 #ahda-ahgg10 #hf pages4 ,or1 to put x 9 o!r words1 ! p]iod be=e #aghi is allott$ #bhd pages1 :ile t "u ! con/itution to #ahgg is giv5 #bjj pages4 ,ea* *apt] is subdivid$ into sections1 & ^! into small] gr\ps ( s\rces4 ,tak+ = grant$ t ! plan ( ! editors is a practical "o1 ! te/ z to :e!r !y h done x well is to be f\nd 9 ! proportions assign$ to ! sev]al topics1 & 9 ! "* ( ! extracts giv5 or exclud$4 ,! fir/ ?\ght :i* comes to m9d is t too mu* space has be5 giv5 to ! colonial & revolution>y p]iods1 & too little to ! con/itutional p]iod4 ,an inspection ( ! sev]al sections %[s t ! colonial p]iod l5ds itself be/ to ! =m ( treatm5t adopt$ by ! au?ors1 & naturally !y h emphasiz$ t p]iod4 ,! docum5ts ^u rec5t hi/ory1 p>ticul>ly ! civil w> & recon/ruction1 h n fitt$ s readily into ! n>rative4 ,yet x mu/ be admitt$ t ! editors h resolutely c>ri$ on _! me?od to ! close2 !y give extracts f ,l9coln's public pap]s & lett]s respect+ slav]y & recon/ruction1 & arrange !m 9 ! same analytical =m adopt$ = ! extracts be>+ ^u ! ,/amp ,act or on ,bacon's ,rebellion4 ,"o _c b wi%1 h[ev]1 t ! editors _h be5 z g5]\s 9 _! exc]pts = ! lat] p]iod z !y 7 = ! e>li]2 p]haps five pages ( quotations is n too mu* = ! 8,effects ( ! ,engli% ,revolution ( #afhh0 ^u ,am]ica1 b surely two pages is too %ort = ,l9coln's attitude t[>d slav]y2 we welcome ! t5 pages ( extracts f ,wa%+ton's lett]s be>+ ^u ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 b we wi% = m ?an two v %ort quotations treat+ ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,! me?od ( ! editors c be/ be %[n by not+ ! "* ( ! illu/rative mat]ial ga!r$ by !m ^u sev]al topics4 ,= in/ance 9 ,*apt] ,i !re is ! sub-topic1 8,colonial ,con/itutional ,developm5t1 #afhi-agfc10 occupy+ #ag pages4 ,)9 ?is space we h quotations f ! ord9ance ( #afif creat+ ! ,bo>d ( ,lords ( ,trade & ,plantations1 & f ! additional in/ructions ( #ageb respect+ ! bo>d4 ,!re are z _m z f\rte5 extracts %[+ ! increas$ p>liam5t>y regulation ( colonial affairs 9 ! p]iod #afif to #agea4 ,^! include p>ts ( ! navigation act ( #afif1 ,edmund ,burke's acc\nt ( ! sug> act ( #agcc1 extracts f ! wool5s act ( #afii1 ! hat act ( #agcb1 & ! iron act ( #agej2 exc]pts %[+ ! b\nties on naval /ores1 rice & indigo2 & quotations f ! act regulat+ colonial co9age 7#agjg71 ! po/-(fice act ( #agaj1 ! debt recov]y act ( #agcb1 ! naturalization act ( #agdj1 ! l&-bank act ( #agda1 & ! pap] money act ( #agea4 ,next !re are f\r quotations %[+ ! desire ( ! ,engli% au?orities to r$uce all ! colonies to "o =m ( gov]nm5t2 & ! same numb] ( extracts f plans = colonial union4 ,!n foll[ ?ree extracts %[+ ! desire to e/abli% an ,anglican episcopate 9 ! colonies1 & ! section closes ) pap]s illu/rat+ ! 8gr[+ ass]tion ( colonial rights40 ,"u ! latt] head+ we h f\r extracts relat+ to conflicts betwe5 ! gov]nors & ! assemblies2 an acc\nt ( ! trial & acquittal ( ,john ,pet] ,z5g]2 ,john ,adams' acc\nt ( ,james ,otis' spee* aga9/ writs ( assi/ance2 & a report ( ,patrick ,h5ry's spee* 9 ! ,p>son's ,cause4 ,su* an array ( quotations %[s n only wide read+ & int5sive k ( ! docum5ts1 b x also implies a ke5 judgm5t z to _! p$agogical value1 & an ability to arrange ! extracts into a work+ analysis4 ,9 su* a "w "o w\ld naturally look = ! treatm5t ( ,culturges*i*te1 & inde$ ! editors h n neglect$ ?is side ( _! /ory4 ,an int]e/+ section is t describ+ ! indu/rial1 social1 & religi\s condition ( ! c\ntry 9 #ahdj4 ,! subject is analyz$ m9utely1--l all o!r p>ts ( ! "w1--into su* topics z 8bus9ess *>act]i/ics10 8means ( communication10 8! /&>d ( liv+10 8democracy10 8! ,s\?10 & 8,am]ican ,morals40 ,! s\rces = quotation are almo/ exclusively ! acc\nts ( ,european--ma9ly ,engli%--travel]s 9 ! c\ntry at ! p]iod4 ,^! acc\nts are well kn[n to /ud5ts ( ! p]iod1 b x has be5 difficult h]et(ore = tea*]s to br+ ! flavor ( ^! criticisms to ! s*ol>s ( high s*ool or ev5 college classes4 ,! editors ( ! 8,s\rce-hi/ory0 h select$ & arrang$ a s]ies ( acc\nts f ,buck+ham1 ,m>t9eau1 ,*amb]s1 ,dick5s1 ,grund1 ,lyell1 de ,tocqueville & o!rs :i* w be ( s]vice 9 bo? college & second>y s*ool classes4 ,! two sections "h m5tion$ %[ ! me?od ( ! editors4 ,n only h !y select$ _! mat]ial ) skill1 b !y h also arrang$ x "u su* a s*eme ( topics t x may be us$ by ! tyro 9 ! /udy ( hi/ory4 ,he does n ne$ to dig ! hi/orical jewels out f ! mid/ ( docum5t>y rubbi%2 t has be5 done = him4 ,9 addition ! editors h plac$ ext5d$ s]ies ( que/ions ^u ! text at ! close ( ea* section1 & ref]5ces to ! /&>d text-books4 ,!re is an analytical table ( cont5ts1 b no index4 ,!re are "s typographical errors 9 ! book :i* %\ld be correct$ 9 a lat] edition4 ,x is also to be hop$ if we are to h any m ( su* collections1 t a simpl] typographical device may be inv5t$ to m>k omitt$ matt]4 ,! "w is a valuable p$agogical device2 x m>ks ! climax ( ! s\rce-me?od4 ,x %\ld v widely ext5d ! k ( s\rces 9 our high s*ools & colleges4 ,we %all wat* its use ) int]e/4 ,a ,s\rce ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ,discov]y 7#adib7 to ,end ( ,recon/ruction 7#ahgg71 by ,h[>d ,walt] ,caldwell & ,cl>k ,edmund ,p]s+]1 pp4 xvi1 #dhd4 ,*icago1 ,a9swor? ,co41 price #a4be4 ,a4 ,e4 ,m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,hi/ory ,tea*]'s ,magaz9e ,publi%$ mon?ly1 except ,july & ,augu/1 at #ehje ,g]mant[n ,av5ue1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 by ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y ,,publi%+ ,,co4 ,a4 ,e4 ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y1 ,proprietor4 ,,subscription ,,price4 ,"o doll> a ye>2 s+le copies1 #ae c5ts ea*4 ,,po/age ,,prepaid 9 ,unit$ ,/ates & ,mexico2 = ,canada1 #bj c5ts additional %\ld be add$ to ! subscription price1 & to o!r =eign c\ntries 9 ! ,po/al ,union1 #cj c5ts additional4 ,,*ange ,,( ,,address4 ,bo? ! old & ! new address mu/ be giv5 :5 a *ange ( address is ord]$4 ,,adv]tis+ ,,rates furni%$ ^u application4 ,,editors ,manag+ ,editor1 ,,alb]t ,e4 ,,mck9ley1 ,ph4,d4 ,hi/ory 9 ! ,college & ! ,s*ool1 ,,ar?ur ,c4 ,,h[l&1 ,ph4,d41 ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,european ,hi/ory1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! ,tra9+ ( ! ,hi/ory ,tea*]1 ,,norman ,m4 ,,tr5holme1 ,pr(essor ( ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory1 ,s*ool ( ,education1 ,univ]sity ( ,miss\ri4 ,s\rce ,me?ods ( ,tea*+ ,hi/ory1 ,,fr$ ,,morr[ ,,fl+1 ,pr(essor ( ,european ,hi/ory1 ,univ]sity ( ,nebraska4 ,reports f ! ,hi/ory ,field1 ,,walt] ,h4 ,,cu%+1 ,secret>y1 ,new ,engl& ,hi/ory ,tea*]s' ,association1 ,s\? ,fram+ham1 ,mass4 ,curr5t ,hi/ory1 ,,john ,,haynes1 ,dor*e/] ,high ,s*ool1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 ,am]ican ,hi/ory 9 ,second>y ,s*ools1 ,,ar?ur ,m4 ,,wolfson1 ,ph4,d41 ,de,witt ,cl9ton ,high ,s*ool1 ,new ,york4 ,! ,tea*+ ( ,civics 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ool1 ,,alb]t ,h4 ,,san=d1 ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool1 ,la ,crosse1 ,wis4 ,european ,hi/ory 9 ,second>y ,s*ools1 ,,daniel ,c4 ,,kn[lton1 ,ph4,d41 ,b>r+] ,high ,s*ool1 ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 ,engli% ,hi/ory 9 ,second>y ,s*ools1 ,c4 ,b4 ,,newton1 ,lawr5ceville ,s*ool1 ,lawr5ceville1 ,n4 ,j4 ,anci5t ,hi/ory 9 ,second>y ,s*ools1 ,,william ,,fairley1 ,ph4,d41 ,comm]cial ,high ,s*ool1 ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,hi/ory 9 ! ,grades1 ,,arm& ,j4 ,,g]son1 ,sup]vis+ ,pr9cipal1 ,rob]t ,morris ,public ,s*ool1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,correspond5ts4 ,,h5ry ,,johnson1 ,tea*]s' ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york4 ,,mabel ,,hill1 ,high ,s*ool1 ,l[ell1 ,mass4 ,,george ,h4 ,,ga/on1 ,w5dell ,phillips ,high ,s*ool1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,,james ,f4 ,,will>d1 ,univ]sity ( ,colorado1 ,b\ld]1 ,col4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,edw>ds1 ,high ,s*ool1 ,b]keley1 ,cal4 ,,walt] ,l4 ,,flem+1 ,l\isiana ,/ate ,univ]sity1 ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la4 ,,m>y ,,%annon ,,smi?1 ,m]$i? ,college1 ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,editorial ,,conf]5ce4 ,a meet+ ( ! editors & correspond5ts ( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e w be held 9 ,tea*]s' ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york1 on ,tuesday1 ,decemb] #bh1 at #c4cj o'clock4 ,! meet+ w be an op5 "o1 & ! att5dance is reque/$ n only ( ! editorial /aff1 b also ( contributors & o!rs int]e/$ 9 ext5d+ ! usefulness ( ! ,magaz9e4 ,su* a conf]5ce1 giv+ opportunity = comp>ison ( views1 %\ld /r5g!n ! policy ( ! pap]4 ,x is plann$ to make ! editorial conf]5ce an annual matt]1 meet+ at ! same "t & place z ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,tea*] ,,& ,,! ,,community4 ,! tea*] ( hi/ory 9 second>y s*ool or college has a bett] opportunity to influ5ce ! community 9 :i* he lives ?an ! tea*] ( almo/ any o!r subject2 & if to hi/ory x be 8 or h] lot to add economics & gov]nm5t z well1 ! field ( influ5ce %\ld be correspond+ly wid5$4 ,ma!matics1 =mal ,engli%1 exact sci5ce1 ! =eign languages1 "o & all1 mu/ give way 9 human int]e/ to t ( biography & hi/ory4 ,at ! beck & call ( ! hi/orian !re are all our records ( :at man has ?\ght & said & done4 ,%all ! hi/ory tea*] leave ^? fields unt\*$8 ,%all he keep 8 k to himself alone8 ,%all he limit himself to text-book "w 9 ! class-room1 & d no?+ to ext5d ! int]e/ 9 8 subject ?r\gh\t ! community8 ,if ?is is 8 practice1 no wond] 8 subject is treat$ ) disda9 by s*ool directors1 no wond] t he _c get a libr>y ( books ^u 8 subject1 no wond] t he becomes an irresponsive fossil4 ,9 _m ways ! hi/ory tea*] may influ5ce ! community4 ,he may advise & co-op]ate ) ! local libr>ians 9 ! pur*ase & loan ( books2 he may give public lectures ^u hi/orical topics2 he may write hi/orical articles = pap]s or = publication 9 book =m2 he may f\nd or jo9 societies = ! /udy ( local hi/ory2 he may use means to keep alive ! local int]e/ 9 hi/ory4 ,^! activities w w9 respect = ! tea*] & ! subject1 & develop 9 our ,am]ican communities a simil> respect = local hi/ory & tradition4 ,=?com+ numb]s ( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e w discuss 9 detail c]ta9 ( ^! activities1 su* z ! relation ( ! hi/ory tea*] to ! public libr>ian1 & to local hi/orical societies2 = ! pres5t1 m5tion w be made simply ( ^? miscellane\s means ! tea*] may use to keep alive int]e/ 9 local hi/ory4 ,a receptive attitude ) ref]5ce to local tradition & hi/ory %\ld always be tak5 by ! hi/ory tea*]4 ,he %\ld "k some?+ ( ! local hi/ory )9 a few weeks aft] he has ent]$ a new community1 if he has n be5 able to /udy x 9 advance4 ,a "y graduate /ud5t ent]+ a small we/]n college z in/ructor1 f\nd 9 ! libr>y no volumes ^u ! subject ( 8 doctor's !sis4 ,he did n wait = ! summ] vacation to cont9ue 8 /udies 9 ,europe1 b />t$ at once to make c]ta9 local /udies1 :i* 7 s successful t !y ga9$ = him a national z well z a local reputation1 & /imulat$ o!rs to a sci5tific /udy ( ! ,/ate's hi/ory4 ,9 a simil> way ! in/ructor 9 any high s*ool or college %\ld famili>ize himself ) local hi/ory1 & aim1 if possible1 to make "s def9ite contribution to its lit]ature4 ,ano!r subject 9 :i* ! hi/ory tea*] %\ld be int]e/$ is t ( local names4 ,! t5d5cy ( ,am]ican legislators is to oblit]ate local names1 p>ticul>ly if !y h n :at is deem$ a prop] connotation1 & sub/itute = !m ! names ( petty politicians or1 :at is ev5 worse1 "s sy/em ( num]als4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ! sy/em ( numb]+ public s*ools 9 ,new ,york ,city ) t ( nam+ !m 9 use 9 "s o!r cities2 or t ( numb]+ all /reets & av5ues & w>ds ) ! cu/om ( keep+ ! old hi/oric names4 ,mu* ( ! s5tim5t = u to-day w\ld be tak5 f ,london1 or ,p>is1 or ev5 our own ,bo/on1 if a numb]+ sy/em1 indep5d5t ( local traditions1 _h be5 adopt$ two hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,! prop] m>k+ ( hi/oric spots is a matt] ( int]e/ to any community1 & ! hi/ory tea*] %\ld be a lead] 9 su* an und]tak+4 ,mu* is be+ done 9 ?is direction by individuals & societies1 b mu* m ne$s to be done4 ,9 awak5+ public int]e/1 ev5 by %[+ ! au?orities t x is economically wise to m>k su* spots = ! enc\ragem5t & conv5i5ce ( visitors1 ! hi/ory tea*] w w9 respect f ! community4 ,hi/orical pageants h be5 held 9 p>ts ( ,europe = c5turies1 b rec5tly !y h be5 reviv$ ^u a l>ge scale1 & already ,am]ica has se5 sev]al :i* w\ld rank high ) ^? ( ,europe4 ,! pageants at ,quebec1 ,pittsburgh & ,philadelphia 9 #aijh1 at ,lake ,*ampla9 9 #aiji1 & ! ,hudson-,fulton celebration 9 ,new ,york all furni% excell5t opportunities = education 9 hi/orical facts & developm5t4 ,su* lessons w gr[ 9 numb] ) increas+ respect = ! pa/1 & ) ! gr[+ desire = mean+ 9 pageantry1 r ?an noise & s\nd 9 p>ades4 ,"h also ! hi/ory tea*] w f9d wide opportunity = all 8 k & exp]i5ce4 ,surely x is ! fault ( ! tea*] & n ( hi/ory itself if ! community ignores him & 8 subject4 ,am]ican ,hi/ory 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ool ,,ar?ur ,m4 ,,wolfson1 ,,ph4,d41 ,editor4 ,,f\ndations ,,= ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,=eign ,,relations ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,! ratification ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates m>ks ! end ( "o p]iod ( ,am]ican hi/ory & ! beg9n+ ( ano!r4 ,at t po9t ! tea*] %\ld pause & ga!r up ) 8 class all ! ?reads :i* he has ?us f> be5 foll[+4 ,! problems h5ce=? to be pres5t$ are ^? ( a well-e/abli%$1 entirely indep5d5t nation4 ,fir/ ( all1 x %\ld be not$ t ! hi/ory ( ! nation dur+ its "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s ( exi/5ce divides itself into five m or less di/9ct p]iods4 ,^! p]iods are 7#a7 ! ?irty odd ye>s f #aghi to #ahbc1 dur+ :i* "t ! nation 0 settl+ ! f\ndations ( its political life1 int]nal & ext]nal2 7#b7 ! ?irty ye>s f #ahbj to #ahej1 dur+ :i* ! nation 0 mov+ =w>d1 "u two diametrically oppos$ p>ties 7^? 9 favor ( ! ext5sion ( slav]y & ^? oppos$ to its ext5sion71 9 ! occupation ( ! va/ tracts ( l& beyond ! ,mississippi2 7#c7 ! tw5ty-five or tw5ty-six ye>s f #ahej to #ahgf1 dur+ :i* ^! two p>ties f9ally came to bl[s & settl$ ! con/itutional que/ions involv$ 9 secession2 7#d7 ! tw5ty odd ye>s f #ahgf to #ahih1 dur+ :i* ! nation is =c$ to deal ) new & unaccu/om$ economic que/ions2 7#e7 ! t5 ye>s or m s9ce ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>1 ! p]iod ( pres5t-day practical politics4 ,su* an outl9e z ?is ( ! entire c\rse ( ,am]ican hi/ory may seem to _m tea*]s to be a little =eh&$1 yet x is our firm conviction t only t tea*] :o sees 9 ! beg9n+ ! entire "w ( ! t]m c deal ) ea* lesson z x arises prop]ly4 ,( ?is outl9e1 ev5 ! class %\ld n be entirely ignorant4 ,z to ! fir/ p]iod--! p]iod ( ! e/abli%m5t ( our national policy--9 x ! class w be confront$ by two m or less di/9ct problems3 fir/1 ! que/ions ( int]nal policy1 ! solution ( :i* c be f\nd 9 ! /udy ( ! activities ( ,alex&] ,hamilton z ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 & ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,^! problems1 important z !y are1 space requires t we leave = ! pres5t = ! tea*] himself to analyze & pres5t to 8 pupils4 ,9 pass+1 we may say1 h[ev]1 t bo? tea*] & pupils w f9d !mselves amply repaid by a c>eful /udy ( ! reports ( ,hamilton & ,jeff]son :i* are to be f\nd 9 ,macdonald's 8,docum5ts40 ,f> m complex1 & f> m difficult1 are ! problems :i* are pres5t$ by ! relations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to its =eign fri5ds & enemies4 ,! m]e /udy ( ! text-book1 we h f\nd1 leaves ! pupils hopelessly confus$ & bewild]$4 ,z ! result ( a numb] ( ye>s ( exp]i5ce we h come to believe t x pays1 at ! beg9n+1 be=e "o attempts to say a ^w ab\t ,wa%+ton's ,proclamation ( ,neutrality1 ab\t ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! /ruggles ) ,france & ,engl&1 ab\t ! treaties ) ,spa9 & ! pur*ase ( ,l\isiana1 to devote at lea/ "o or two lessons to a c>eful analysis ( all ! elem5ts involv$ 9 our relations ) =eign nations4 ,9 do+ ?is we %all f9d t all que/ions ( =eign policy fall "u "o ( f\r head+s3 7#a7 comm]ce1 7#b7 citiz5%ip1 7#c7 t]ritory1 7#d7 ! position :i* ! nation w take 9 case ( disagreem5ts betwe5 two or m =eign nations4 ,any class1 skilfully l$1 w be able to furni% ! tea*] ) ^! f\r head+s4 ,!n "o may g on to fur!r analysis4 ,= in/ance1 ! class w see at once t comm]ce 9 times ( peace & 9 times ( w> mu/ be conduct$ ^u a diff]5t basis4 ,"u ! fir/ condition1 comm]cial relations are usually settl$ by comm]cial treaties1 ?\gh "u special conditions !y may involve que/ions l ! "r ( ! nation to trade ) ! colonies ( a =eign nation1 & ! "q ( ! 8op5 door0 ( :i* we h he>d s mu* 9 ! la/ two or ?ree decades4 ,9 times ( w>1 ! rights ( neutral trade are mu* m complicat$4 ,"h !y involve1 especially 9 ! e>lie/ p]iod ( ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 at lea/ f\r diff]5t que/ions3 7#a7 :at con/itutes an effici5t blockade1 7#b7 :at articles may rightly be consid]$ z contrab&1 7#c7 h[ f> d 8free %ips make free goods10 7#d7 is trade ) ports ( "o ( ! bellig]5ts1 clos$ 9 times ( peace1 op5 to ! neutral 9 times ( w> 7,rule ( #agef78 ,ea* ( ^! que/ions1 we h f\nd1 w (f] opportunity = spirit$ class room discussion4 ,none ( !m is simple1 & ! tea*] %\ld !re=e be sure t he has 8 own answ]s ready be=e he attempts to op5 ! discussion to ! class4 ,! "q ( citiz5%ip is easi]4 ,to beg9 )1 we all agree t x is ! duty ( ! nation to protect its citiz5s aga9/ unju/ oppression4 ,b n all nations at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 or ev5 to-day1 are agre$ z to :at con/itutes citiz5%ip4 ,does naturalization1 = in/ance1 de/roy ! obligations :i* ! individual ow$ to ! c\ntry ( 8 orig9al allegiance8 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 ! s+le vital "q involv$ 9 ! dispute betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,engl& ov] impressm5t1 ?\gh !re is a subsidi>y "q1 ! "r ( entrance & se>* 9 times ( w> :i* ! tea*] %\ld n neglect 9 pres5t+ ! subject4 ,! "q ( ! acquisition ( t]ritory is aga9 comp>atively easy ( analysis4 ,all t x requires is = ! tea*] to %[ to 8 class t x 0 ! 8manife/ de/9y0 ( ! nation to acquire1 /ep by /ep1 all ! l& ly+ s\? & we/ ( ! orig9al limits ( ! c\ntry z f> we/ z ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,:e!r ! nation 0 wise 9 go+ beyond ! conf9es ( ! cont95t 9 ! acquisition ( t]ritory may be left till a lat] p]iod = discussion4 ,f9ally1 !re is ! "q z to ! position :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld take 9 cases ( dispute betwe5 ! ,european nations4 ,"h aga9 ! tea*] %\ld be prep>$ to %[ t self-pres]vation requir$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld assume a position ( absolute neutrality1 t x 0 equally necess>y1 on ! o!r h&1 at lea/ 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 t we dem& t ! ,european nations refra9 f int]f]+ 9 ! affairs ( ,am]ica4 ,com+ n[ to ! /udy ( ! specific ev5ts :i* illu/rate ^! pr9ciples1 ! tea*] w be ready to develop & ! class w be ready to appreciate ! s]ies ( ev5ts :i* beg9 ) ,wa%+ton's ,proclamation ( ,neutrality1 :i* are involv$ 9 ! disputes ) ,engl& :i* 7 settl$ tempor>ily by ! ,jay ,treaty & lat] by ! ,w> ( #ahab & ! ,treaty ( ,gh5t4 ,next ! negotiations ) ,spa9 conc]n+ ! "r ( entry & deposit at ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi & ! lat] negotiations ) ,france conc]n+ ! pur*ase ( ,l\isiana may be develop$4 ,f9ally 9 ?is analysis ! class w f9d ! key to t s]ies ( proclamations & messages :i* beg9 ) ,wa%+ton's ,f>ewell ,address1 :i* proce$ ?r\gh ! messages ( ,adams & ,jeff]son1 :i* end ) ,monroe's message ( ,decemb]1 #ahbc1 commonly kn[n z ! ,monroe ,doctr9e4 ,:5 all ?is is done1 ! well-equipp$ tea*] w be ready to discuss briefly ) 8 class ! lat] diplomatic hi/ory ( ! c\ntry1 ! gradual modification ( ! pr9ciples = :i* ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son1 ,john ,qu9cy ,adams & ,monroe cont5d$1 b he w f9d to 8 surprise t until ! v la/ ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury little *ange 0 made 9 ! :ole sy/em4 ,9 ! /udy ( ?is p]iod ! tea*] is e>ne/ly recomm5d$ to h frequ5t rec\rse ) 8 class to ! docum5ts :i* illu/rate ! hi/ory4 ,mo/ ( !m c be f\nd 9 conv5i5t =m 9 ,mac,donald's 8,docum5ts10 9 ! 8,am]ican ,hi/ory ,leaflets10 9 ! 8,old ,s\? ,leaflets10 & 9 ,hill's 8,lib]ty ,docum5ts10 a comp>atively rec5t publication4 ,= fur!r read+1 ! tea*] is recomm5d$ n only to ! /&>d hi/ories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates l ,s*\l]'s1 & ,mc,master's1 b also to ! exhau/ive "w ( ,h5ry ,adams1 8,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! ,adm9i/rations ( ,jeff]son & ,madison40 ,f9ally1 !re are ! ?ree or f\r diplomatic hi/ories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( :i* ! be/ are ,john ,b4 ,moore's 8,am]ican ,=eign ,policy10 ,h>t's 8,f\ndations ( ! ,am]ican ,=eign ,policy0 & ,john ,w4 ,fo/]'s 8,a ,c5tury ( ,am]ican ,diplomacy40 ,9 ea* ( ^! works ! tea*] w f9d a ?or\gh analysis ( ! ,monroe ,doctr9e1 its hi/ory & its application2 %\ld he desire to exam9e ! ,doctr9e fur!r1 he w f9d mat]ial 9 two special /udies3 ,george ,f4 ,tuck]'s 8,monroe ,doctr9e10 & ,william ,f4 ,r$daway's 8,monroe ,doctr9e40 ,! fir/ is an ,am]ican pres5tation ( ! subject2 ! second t ( an ,engli%man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,additional ,ref]5ces4 7#a7 ,lalor's ,cyclopdia "u su* head+s z 8,blockade10 8,contrab&10 8,naturalisation10 8,neutrality10 etc4 7#b7 ,john ,we/lake1 8,int]national ,law10 ,"p ,i1 *apt] x1 on 8,citiz5%ip02 ,"p ,,ii1 *apt] vii1 on 8,blockades02 *apt]s ix & x on 8,contrab&40 7#c7 ,william ,hall1 8,int]national ,law10 ,"p ,,ii1 *apt] v1 on 8,citiz5%ip02 ,"p ,,iv1 *apt]s v & vi1 on 8,contrab&02 *apt] vii1 on ! privileges ( 8,free ,%ips02 *apt] viii1 on 8,blockades40 7#d7 ,!odore ,d4 ,woolsey1 8,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,int]national ,law0 7! /&>d ,am]ican au?ority72 ,"p ,i1 *apt] iii1 on 8,citiz5%ip02 ,"p ,,ii1 *apt] ii1 on 8,neutral ,trade40 ,a%ley's 8,am]ican ,hi/ory0 ,,review$ ,,by ,h4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,mc,k,i,n,l,e,y ,,high ,,s*ool1 ,,/4 ,,l\is1 ,,mo4 ,mr4 ,a%ley has add$ ano!r excell5t text on ,am]ican hi/ory to ! num]\s rec5t ones = second>y s*ools4 ,! c\rse ( ev5ts is c>ri$ d[n to #aijg4 8,! subjects h be5 gr\p$ "u topical heads4 ,! au?or has hop$ to indicate by ?is means ! relation ( ea* hi/orical *ange to ! movem5t ( ! times & ! relation ( ?is small] movem5t to ! l>g] phases ( our developm5t :i* are giv5 9 ! *apt]s0 7preface74 ,! att5tion giv5 to w>s is agreeably less ?an 9 texts ( "s ye>s ago1--only #ajj pages out ( #eej4 ,indu/rial & social developm5t1 & economic phases are giv5 #ajj pages4 ,^! *apt]s are aft] ! v>i\s epo*al p]iods2 !y are complete & attractive4 ,ov] #ajj pages are giv5 to ! p]iod s9ce ! ,civil ,w>4 ,all ^! proportions are 9 agreem5t ) ! g5]al tr5d 9 hi/orical in/ruction to-day4 ,! relation ( gov]nm5tal in/itutions to hi/orical developm5t is especially cle>4 ,! op5+ *apt] is on geographic influ5ces ( ,am]ica & ! e>ly ,european backgr\nd4 ,su* sections 9 ! book z foll[s are illu/rative ( ! cle>ness ( topics usually difficult = high s*ool pupils3--#dj1 8,engli% ,puritans02 #hg1 8,engli% ,coloni/s & ,_! ,gov]nors10 :]e ! temp]am5t ( gov]nor is consid]$ an important factor2 #bfe1 di/9ction betwe5 ,jeff]sonian & ,jacksonian democracy2 #ccj1 8,fundam5tal causes ( ,secession02 #cca1 8,slav]y & /ate sov]eignty vs4 nationality02 #ccg-cde1 8,conditions affect+ ,union ,success40 ,x is a pleasure to note ! comp>ative brief description ( su* complicat$ milit>y or naval movem5ts z ! naval episodes ( ! ,w> ( #ahab1 ! ,%5&oah ,valley campaign ( ! ,civil ,w> 7#ahfd71 ! ,vicksburg campaign1 c4 ,! au?or is q fair 9 t p]iod 9 :i* e ,am]ican hi/orian is mo/ op5 to ! *>ge ( be+ prejudic$1--! ,civil ,w>4 ,he %[s an imp>tial attitude2 he gives cr$it to bo? sides4 ,! acc\nt is writt5 9 true hi/orical p]spective )\t discr$it+ ! value ( ! f9al result4 ,! be>+ ( l9es ( communication ^u ! c\rse ( w>s are indicat$4 ,_m w appreciate ! omission ( ! names ( ! assass9s ( ! m>tyr$ ,presid5t1 probably ! fir/ s*ool text to d ?is4 ,!re are a few defects3 ,x is n evid5t f ! acc\nt ( ! ,battle ( ,bunk] ,hill :y x 0 call$ su*1 ?\gh f\ght on ,bre$'s ,hill4 ,c]ta9ly ,j4 ,q4 ,adams' "n %\ld be giv5 9 connection ) ! 8gag resolution0 ( #ahce4 ,! sections ( ! copy ( ! national con/itution %\ld be subdivid$ into clauses = conv5i5t ref]5ce4 ,all ( ^! po9ts1 h[ev]1 are ( m9or importance & h>dly detract f ! g5]al high s*ol>%ip ( ! text4 ,!re are _m illu/rations1 maps & diagrams :i* be> on ! text4 ,^! are ( a g5]al high ord]1 b "s improvem5ts might be made3 ,map1 p4 #eh1 ( ! ,new ,engl& colonies %\ld be l>g]2 also "o on page #ig ( ! int]colonial w>4 ,no map ( ! important #afji ,virg9ia grant is giv54 ,n en\gh z to p>allels & coa/ po9ts is indicat$ on ! map ( ! ,virg9ia1 #afjf1 grant1 p4 #dj4 ,on ! map ( ! ,l\isiana pur*ase1 p4 #bee1 ! ,sab9e ,riv] %\ld be not$4 ,a map accompany+ ! description ( ! e>ly ,virg9ia campaign 7,civil ,w>7 w\ld be helpful4 ,! map on page #djj is n cle>2 x w\ld be improv$ by designat+ riv]s & railroads diff]5tly4 ,n all ! necess>y riv]s on map1 p4 #djf1 are nam$4 ,"s ( ! maps are )\t scale ( miles1 i4 e41 p4 #djc1 p4 #djf1 c4 ,all ^! po9ts are non-ess5tials1 yet !y are to be consid]$ 9 ! tea*+ ( ! subject4 ,! bibliographical aids are ( sev]al k9ds4 ,!re are m>g9al ref]5ces ?r\gh\t ! n>rative1 be>+ directly ^u x4 ,at ! close ( ea* *apt] !re are two classes ( ref]5ces1 8topics10 & 8/udies10 !re be+ sev]al 7exact pages giv57 to ! =m]1 & "o to ea* ( ! latt]4 ,!re are f two to f\r topics2 & ! numb] ( /udies av]ages ab\t t54 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! text is arrang$ 9 su* a way t mu* or little ref]5ce read+ ne$ be done1 z ! v>y+ conditions p]mit4 ,sugge/ive libr>y li/s are giv54 ,h[ev]1 !y w\ld be m helpful to ! busy1 8small s*ool0 tea*] if publi%] & price 7 not$4 ,!re is a summ>y at ! close ( ea* *apt]2 also que/ions1 :i* are n s mu* to te/ "o's memory ( ! subject z to lead him to indep5d5t ?9k+4 ,! m>g9al analysis ( ! text is always helpful4 ,! app5dix includes ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & tables ( ,presid5t & ,presid5tial elections1 & /ati/ics ( /ates4 ,! book is sub/antially b\nd & attractive f ! bookmak]'s /&po9t4 ,! index is v full4 ,! phraseology is cle> & simple1 & ! book is entirely adapt$ to any ye> ( ! high s*ool1 or to m advanc$ classes1 9 view ( ! ext5sive ref]5ces4 ,mr4 ,a%ley has pick$ out ! sali5t po9ts 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,f ! /&po9t ( s*ol>%ip & p$agogical requirem5ts1 ?is text w take high rank4 8,am]ican ,hi/ory40 ,by ,roscoe ,lewis ,a%ley4 pp4 xlvii1 #eeg4 ,! ,macmillan ,co41 ,new ,york2 #a4dj1 net4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,j]sey ,,hi/ory ,,syllabus4 ,! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,in/ruction has 9 press ano!r section ( its syllabus = second>y s*ools1 cov]+ ! high s*ool "w 9 hi/ory1 & divid$ into ! f\r topics ( ,anci5t1 ,m$ival & ,mod]n1 ,engli% & ,am]ican4 ,! committee :i* compil$ ! syllabus 0 compos$ (3 ,ar?ur ,arnold1 *airman2 ,s4 ,p4 ,h[e1 ,jr41 ,lydia ,lavell1 ,s>a ,a4 ,dynes1 ,daniel ,c4 ,kn[lton4 ,! portion ( ! syllabus deal+ ) ,anci5t ,hi/ory is ! "w ( ,dr4 ,kn[lton2 ,miss ,lavell has arrang$ ! ,european matt]2 ,mr4 ,h[e ! ,engli%1 & ,miss ,dynes ! ,am]ican4 ,anci5t ,hi/ory 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ool ,,william ,,fairley1 ,ph4,d41 ,editor4 ,a ,,review4#f ,n a review ( ! "w we tea*]s h be5 do+ ) our fri5ds1 ! anci5t ,greeks2 b a digression :i* w be 9 "s sort a review ( a notable book w occupy u = a little4 ,!re has rec5tly appe>$ ,! ,l[ell ,lectures = #aijh-i by ,pr(essor ,john ,p4 ,mahaffy1 ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 on 8,:at ,h ! ,greeks ,done = ,mod]n ,civilization40 ,! book is altoge!r helpful to ! lov] ( ! ,greek _w4 ,& to him n only2 b to ! read] :o ?r\gh e>ly limitations ( culture may h b slight ideas ( ! importance ( ! ,greeks1 a read+ ( ?is book %\ld be :at to "o br\ght up 9 ! dim light ( a cave or 9 ! d5se %ad[s ( "s va/ =e/ w\ld be a fir/ glimpse ( ! glori\s orb ( day1 ! s\rce ( all ! %ad$ light & all ! w>m? t _h hi!rto be5 8 to enjoy )\t suspicion ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ma/] light4 ,pr(essor ,mahaffy's gladsome task is to impress ! primacy ( ,greece 9 all our be/ ?9k+ & true/ liv+4 ,he is inde$ an en?usia/4 ,occasionally ! judici\s read] w "q "s ( ! results ( 8 en?usiasm4 ,b ! au?or is ! ,ne/or ( ! ,greek s*ol>s ( ! ,engli%-speak+ _w4 ,he says ( himself at ! close ( 8 lectures3 8,s n[1 :5 my "p 9 ! race is ne>ly run1 !re rema9s to me no high] e>?ly satisfaction ?an ?is1 t ,i h c>ri$ ! tor* ( ,greek fire alight ?r\gh a long life--no high] e>?ly hope ?an ?is1 t ,i may pass t tor* to o!rs1 :o 9 _! turn may keep x aflame ) great] brilliancy p]haps1 b n ) m e>ne/ devotion #89 ! ,p>liam5t ( m5 ! ,f$]ation ( ! _w4'0 ,he bitt]ly decries ! mod]n displacem5t ( ! /udy ( ! ,greek tongue & ! k ( ,greek life at fir/ h&2 b at ! same "t s]ves z an int]pret] ( :at 0 be/ 9 ,greece to ^? ( u :o are n q at home 9 ?is language ( que] type & involv$ syntax4 ,s 9 ?is close ( our /udy ( ,greece = ! curr5t s*ool ye>1 let me e>ne/ly recomm5d ! p]usal ( ?is book to all tea*]s ( our dep>tm5t4 ,we _c give a hundr$? "p ( x to our pupils1 n[1 or 9 lat] c\rses2 b x w s]ve to imbue ourselves deeply ) ! ,greek _s1 & help u to en=ce ! true value ( our h]itage f ! ,greeks1 ! ma/] m9ds ( all our ?9k+4 ,"s ( u w n h opportunity to read ! book4 ,= !m let me try to give a few glimpses ( its wor?4 ,!re are eight lectures3 ,introductory2 ,greek ,poetry2 ,greek ,prose2 ,greek ,art--,i3 ,poetry & ,sculpture2 ,,ii3 ,pa9t+ & ,music2 ,sci5ce2 ,gramm>1 ,logic1 ,ma!matics1 ,m$ic9e2 ,politics1 ,sociology1 ,law2 ,high] ,?9k+1 ,philosophy1 ,speculative & ,practical ,!ology4 ,! !sis ( ! :ole is t ! be/ 9 life is wr\ght out elaborately & ) pa9s by m5 ( deep ?\ght & long reflection4 ,x is a glorify+ ( ! ideal z ov] aga9/ ! mod]n ru% ( practicality4 ,9 8 introductory lecture ,pr(essor ,mahaffy seeks n to acc\nt = ! ,greek prem95ce--t _c be done2 b to ass]t x1 z "o might extol ! sporadic g5ius ( a ,moz>t4 ,he !n %[s h[ ! ,romans & ! m5 ( m$ieval ,europe fail$ to grasp1 z our mod]n _w s9ce ! ,r5aissance has be5 grasp+1 ! real mean+ ( ,greece4 ,& "h comes 9 8 plea = ! /udy ( ,greek4 ,he writes3 8,! dang] ,i see be=e ?is g5]ation is t :i* came ^u ! ,roman _w ins5sibly & :i* result$ 9 a decad5ce n arre/$ till x sunk into ! night ( ! d>k ages4 ,! lat] empire 0 cont5t to take ,greek art & ,greek lett]s at second h&1 & to sub/itute ,lat9 culture = ! models :i* _h educat$ _! greate/ ma/]s4 ,b 444 ! copy _h n ! life ( ! orig9al4 ,s we1 too1 ) all our sci5ce1 ) our increase ( mat]ial k & our joyless runn+ to & fro may s9k into an ugly1 tame1 joyless conglom]ation ( societies1 = :om new discov]ies supply ho/s ( new conv5i5ces1 b no return to ! happ9ess & cont5tm5t ( a simpl] age4444 ,happ9ess does n lie "h1 no1 nor 9 motors1 nor 9 turb9es1 nor 9 wireless messages across ! globe1 nor 9 daily newspap]s full ( inextricable fact & falsehood40 ,9 ! *apt]s devot$ to lit]ature ) weal? ( argum5t & illu/ration is po9t$ out our well-kn[n debt = rhy?m & met]1 p]iod & cad5ce4 ,9 specific cases3 8,!re c be no "q t 9 ! oratory ( debate ! ,greeks taught ! ,romans1 !n ?r\gh !m m$ival ,europe1 !n1 aft] ! ,r5aissance1 mod]n ,europe directly1 s t ev5 n[ !y are ! ackn[l$g$ ma/]s 9 ?is spl5did art40 ,&3 8,! laws ( prose composition1 z devis$ & p]fect$ by ,isocrates1 are ! mo/ subtle & complete ev] put into practice by any liv+ man40 ,^! supreme exempl>s ( prose & v]se1 he decl>es1 h no lesson = u ( un/udi$ eloqu5ce & unprem$itat$ art4 ,ev]y?+ 0 poli%$ to ! pit* ( p]fection ) unremitt+ toil4 ,ar*itecture & sculpture reveal ! highe/ glories ( ,greek art4 ,! ref9em5ts ( l9e by :i* optical delusion 0 correct$ 9 ! ,p>!non are po9t$ out ) admiration4 ,speak+ ( ! frieze ( ! same temple1 he rem>ks3 8,!re is ev5 ?is subtlety 9 ! detail ( ! "w--t1 z ?is b& ( figures 0 int5d$ to be se5 high above ! spectator1 c>e 0 tak5 to c>ve ! l[] limbs 9 slightly flatt] relief ?an ! upp]1 & ! limbs ( ! horses 7 ev5 made a little light] ?an 9 nature1 9 ord] to c\nt]balance ! pr$om9ance :i* ! "p ne>] to ! spectator's vision might assume40 ,glimpses ( g5ius--pa9s & skill--su* z t are ( high arti/ic1 yes1 & moral value to our y\?4 ,att5tion is call$ to :at s _m ( u ignore1 t color 0 freely us$ 9 bo? build+ & sculpture4 ,our flat :ites w\ld h be5 unbe>able to ^! ma/]s4 ,_! p]fection 9 /atu>y is ! lov+ despair ( ! _w to-day4 ,9 ! *apt] on sci5ce are a ho/ ( facts :i* are n unfamili> to ! s*ol>1 b :i* s]ve to hu% "s ( our mod]n boa/fulness4 ,"s ?+s w be new to _m read]s4 ,su* are ! sy/em ( num]ical notation1 almo/ z simple z our ,arabic digits4 ,! ext5t ( ,greek ma!matical inve/igation is bett] kn[n4 ,( great int]e/ is ! acc\nt ( ,greek m$ic9e1 :i* got s f> beyond ! no/rums1 ! philtres & sup]/itions to :i* m$ieval quack]y return$4 ,9 politics is f\nd ! weak po9t ( ,greece2 yet ev5 "h we mu/ use ! hi/orical p]spective4 ,& ?us1 by contra/1 ?is anci5t advance ov] ,ori5tal ?raldoms & tyrannies is all ! m wond]ful4 ,9 matt]s ( private law x is almo/ />tl+ to come across a w l ?is1 tak5 f a papyrus ( ,grcis$ ,egypt3 8,?is is ! w ( ,peisias ! ,lycian1 son ( ,x41 ( s\nd m9d & delib]ate int5tion4 ,may x be my lot to live on 9 heal? & manage m9e own prop]ty1 b %\ld any?+ human happ5 to me1 ,i bequea? to my *ildr5 s mu*1 to my wife su* & su* ?+s1 ,i set free c]ta9 slaves2 ,i set ap>t money = religi\s purposes4 ,& ,i appo9t z executors su* & su* p40 ,a w l ?is w\ld be admitt$ to probate 9 any surrogate's c\rt to-day4 ,! *apt]s on philosophy & !ology are necess>ily deep1 b ( supreme importance4 ,= 9 !m we are rem9d$ ( h[ by pure ?9k+ ! ,greeks anticipat$ ! be/ & late/ ( our mod]n ?\ght4 ,! atomic !ory1 ! unity ( ! univ]se1 ! on5ess ( ,god1 ! et]nal sanctions ( ! "r1 ! high behe/s ( ! moral law1 7 all work$ out ov] two ?\s& ye>s ago4 8,if ! "t %\ld ev] come :5 m5 w no long] be l$ by revelation1 :5 !y w reject miracle & prophecy1 & det]m9e to be l$ by ! m]e light ( reason 444 !re w /ill rema9 ! e?ical types :i* ,z5o & ,epicurus h cry/alliz$ 9 _! sy/ems--!re w always rema9 ! man ( duty & ! man ( pleasure1 ! man :o lives = o!rs & he :o lives = himself1 9 t]ms ( mod]n philosophic j>gon1 ! ,altrui/ & ! ,egoi/1 ! ,spirituali/ & ! ,mat]iali/40 ,x 7 well = our y\? & _! tea*]s to b[ be=e a race :o 9 t dim & e>ly age c\ld ?9k ! ?\ghts & set 9 motion ! influ5ces :i* are mo/ vital among u ( ! lat] "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,fall ( ! ,curta94 ,a =mal pres5tation ( ! clos+ sc5es ( purely ,greek hi/ory is preclud$ by ! =ego+ notice ( ,pr(essor ,mahaffy's "w4 ,x may suffice to po9t out ! ?ree subjects mo/ wor?y ( emphasis4 ,^! may well be3 #a1 ! failure ( ! ,greek f$]ations be=e & aft] ,alex&]1 ow+ to jeal\sies2 #b1 ! ext5t & ! political failure ( ! "w ( ,alex&]1 & #c1 ! ,hell5iz+ ( ! ,m$it]ranean bas9 & ! la/+ b5efits accru+ !refrom4 ,,footnote3 #f ,:at ,h ! ,greeks ,done = ,mod]n ,civilization8 ,! ,l[ell ,lectures = #aijh-i by ,john ,p4 ,mahaffy1 ,c4 ,v4 ,o41 ,d4 ,c4 ,l41 7,oxon471 ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 ,pp41 ix1 #bfc4 ,new ,york1 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons4 ,price1 #b4ej4 ,european ,hi/ory 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ool ,d4 ,c4 ,,kn[lton1 ,,ph4,d41 ,editor4 ,,! ,,religi\s ,,w>s4 ,"s ,g5]al ,consid]ations4 ,! long p]iod ( /ruggle :i* foll[$ ! re=m movem5t ( ! sixte5? c5tury seems ( comp>atively little importance beside ! revolt itself2 & yet x (f]s possibilities ( treatm5t :i* ! second>y tea*] _c well af=d to neglect4 ,! mod]n t5d5cy 9 text-book writ+ has be5 to suppress ! details ( w>s 9 ord] to all[ = a full] treatm5t ( o!r phases ( developm5t4 ,assum+ t ! tea*]s ( ! pa/ g5]ation1 & n a few ( ! pres5t day1 h be5 lay+ too mu* emphasis on details ( ?is "*1 ! p5dulum has seem$ at times to sw+ too f> 9 ! direction ( elim9ation & cond5sation 9 ! treatm5t ( great epo* mak+ w>s4 ,_m an opportunity has !reby be5 neglect$ ( inculcat+ great tru?s :i* c\ld m easily be exemplifi$ by /ories drawn f ! battlefield ?an f less /irr+ episodes4 ,w>s are (t5 pres5t$ 9 s cursory a fa%ion z to convey little idea ( _! real "* & significance4 ,!y become little less ?an dry summ>ies ( causes & effects & are /ripp$ altoge!r ( t p]sonal elem5t :i* is s necess>y to ! atta9m5t ( ! be/ results 9 hi/ory tea*+4 ,! possibility ( utiliz+ ^! /ruggles z a correlat+ elem5t has usually be5 f>!/ f ! ?\ght ( ! tea*]1 or at be/ be5 b imp]fectly realiz$4 ,! religi\s w>s af=d ! tea*] n only ! possibility ( vivid biographic treatm5t1 b may s]ve to b9d ! clos] c]ta9 common l9es ( developm5t peculi> to ! ,europe ( ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury & ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,lu!r & ! ,beg9n+s ( ! ,prote/ant ,revolt4 ,!re c be b v little *oice ( me?od 9 ! pres5tation ( ! facts connect$ ) ! beg9n+s ( ! ,prote/ant revolt4 ,lu!r's life mu/ be tak5 up 9 m or less detail & ! att5tion direct$ to ! v>i\s influ5ces ) :i* he came 9 contact4 ,to secure a prop] und]/&+ ( ! effects ( 8 tea*+s1 ! political z well z ! religi\s backgr\nd ( 8 endeavors mu/ be c>efully sket*$4 ,little difficulty w probably be exp]i5c$ 9 %[+ h[ ! ,r5aissance movem5t became intimately associat$ ) *ur* re=m z x pass$ ! b>ri]s ( ! ,alps & took hold ( ! m s]i\s-m9d$ ,g]mans4 ,?is connection is mu* easi] to e/abli% f ! fact t ! att5tion ( ! class has already be5 drawn to ! "p tak5 by ,erasmus 9 ! ,r5aissance prop]4 ,! "q w probably arise z to h[ f> ! tea*] %\ld delve into ! m di/ant pa/ to resurrect ! v>i\s ef=ts at re=m :i* m>k$ ! e>li] c5turies4 ,any opportunity = a rsum ( ?is "* %\ld be he>tily welcom$1 z x s]ves bett] ?an any =mal review to te/ ! grasp by ! /ud5t ( ! facts already cov]$4 ,:5 ! tea*] is ready to take up ! revolt itself1 !re is app>5tly b "o logical me?od ( secur+ results1 & t is to pres5t ,lu!r's life 9 z mu* detail z "t w p]mit1 %[+ h[ he felt himself driv5 by ! =ce ( 8 own logic into a position entirely antagoni/ic to ! ,*ur* z x 0 !n e/abli%$4 ,! p>t+ ( ! ways is rea*$ ) ! great sc5e at ,worms4 ,contr>y to 8 expectations1 8 prote/ )9 ! ,*ur* _h made him n only its av[$ enemy1 b ! f\nd] ( a new sect4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ,p]iod f #aeba to #afdh4 ,x is a comp>atively easy matt] to dispose ( ! rema9+ ev5ts 9 ?is drama 9 :i* ,lu!r1 ! ,emp]or & ! ,pope are ! ma9 actors2 b 9 :at connection1 & 9 h[ mu* detail1 %all ! tea*] pres5t ! beg9n+s ( ! re=m movem5t 9 o!r c\ntries1 ! c\nt] movem5t 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & ! /ruggles :i* arose ov] que/ions ( religion 9 e l& :]e ,prote/antism secur$ a foo?old8 ,! fact t soon] or lat] ! /ruggle betwe5 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants resolv$ itself into a civil w> ( consid]able proportions makes x possible to utilize ^! /ruggles z ! pr9cipal unify+ elem5t 9 ! treatm5t ( ! entire p]iod f #aeba to #afdh4 ,?is plan diff]s f ! ord9>y arrangem5t ( mat]ial to be f\nd 9 ! text-book 9 t x places less /ress ^u ! beg9n+s ( ! re=m movem5t outside ( ,g]many1 subord9at+ ^! details to ! w>s z ! c5tral !me & direct+ ! att5tion ( ! /ud5t only to su* ev5ts z help to expla9 ! "* ( ^! /ruggles4 ,! tea*] mu/1 h[ev]1 be> 9 m9d ?r\gh\t t 8! /ory ( no ,european c\ntry or gr\p ( c\ntries 9 ?is tr\bl$ p]iod admits ( be+ told z deta*$ f ! contempor>y hi/ory ( its neighbors1 allies1 or adv]s>ies40#g ,beyond emphasiz+ ! fact t ! revolt spread to o!r l&s1 x is a "q :e!r ! "t is wisely sp5t 9 treat+ 9 detail ! ,calv9i/ic movem5t emanat+ f ,g5eva1 or ! beg9n+s ( ,presbyt]ianism 9 ,scotl&1 or ! ov]?r[ ( ,ca?olicism 9 ,engl&4 ,! "o c5tral idea :i* ! /ud5t %\ld grasp z a result ( 8 /udy ( ! p]iod--an idea :i* is decid$ly )9 ! range ( 8 compreh5sion & appreciation--is t religion1 :i* _h long be5 a dom9ant factor 9 ,european politics1 n[ lo/ its p[] to sway ! political de/9ies ( ?rones & empires4 ,9 fact a new era _h dawn$ 9 :i* ! ,*ur* f\nd itself remov$ f politics & ! _w giv5 ov] to int]e/s ( q a diff]5t "*4 ,?is *ange may be illu/rat$ fur!r along by ! insignificant "p tak5 by ! repres5tatives ( ! ,pope 9 ! delib]ations conc]n+ ! ,treaties ( ,we/phalia4 ,! gr[? ( tol]ation %\ld also be not$ z an important *>act]i/ic ( ?is new p]iod4 ,f9ally ! /ud5t's att5tion may ) pr(it be direct$ to ! g5]al t5d5cy 9 ^! /ruggles t[>d ! subord9ation ( ! high] int]e/s ( religion to selfi% & dyna/ic int]e/s4 ,"t & aga9 religion s]ves m]ely z a cloak = ! concealm5t ( ambitions ( ! mo/ secul> "*4 ,! ideals ( true religion 7 p]haps nev] m p]v]t$ f _! true ends & made to s]ve ! base/ & l[e/ uses4 ,outl9e ( ,plan ( ,pres5tation4 ,aft] call+ att5tion briefly to ! fact t ?is _s ( revolt manife/$ itself 9 o!r c\ntries1 a logical plan ( pres5tation w\ld be fir/ to discuss ! ineffectual ef=ts ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v & ,pope ,leo ,x to *eck ! movem5t z x spread ?r\gh ,g]many1 ) an explanation ( _! failures2 !n to describe ! m successful ef=ts 9 ?is direction tak5 )9 ! *ur* itself & kn[n z ! ,c\nt] ,re=mation2 & f9ally to introduce ,philip ,,ii z ! great *ampion ( or?odoxy1 devot+ 8 entire en]gies & ! res\rces ( a great empire to ! sup]human task ( re/or+ ! *ur* to its =m] position ( p[] & influ5ce4 ,8 c>e] calls up ,alva's ef=ts to subdue ! ,ne!rl&s1 & t h]oic figure1 ,william ! ,sil5t2 & ! sail+ ( ! ,great ,armada4 ,"o semi-religi\s w>1 if n two1 h already be5 "u discussion 9 connection ) ^! ef=ts to suppress ! revolt1 ! ,dut* ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce & ! ,spani% ,armada4 ,"h is app>5tly ! prop] place to introduce ! o!r /ruggles1 beg9n+ ) ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> 9 ,g]many1 !n tak+ up 9 turn ! ,hugu5ot w>s 9 ,france & ! ,puritan ,revolution 9 ,engl&1 & clos+ ! p]iod ) ! sequel to ?is la/ /ruggle1 ,! ,glori\s ,revolution ( #afhh4 ,! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,x is natural to turn to ,g]many fir/ 9 pres5t+ ! religi\s w>s because ( ! great] famili>ity ( ! /ud5t ) conditions !re4 ,! ord] becomes !reby /rictly *ronological1 z ! ,s*malkaldic ,w> broke out 9 #aedf2 or1 9 o!r words1 e>li] by sev]al ye>s ?an ei!r ( ! o!r /ruggles4 ,?is w> gave rise to ! ,peace ( ,augsburg1 :i* 0 a s\rce ( s mu* discont5t t x has be5 c\nt$ z "o ( ! great factors 9 br++ on ! ma9 /ruggle4 ,among ! po9ts :i* seem to call = special emphasis are ! mixture ( religi\s & political causes und]ly+ ! /ruggle1 & ! g5]al p>ticipation ( _m ( ! great p[]s ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,?is fact s]v$ to prolong ! w> & to give x a m ,european "* & a wid] significance4 ,x 0 n m]ely a "q ( cujus regio1 ejus religio1 b ( important dyna/ic & t]ritorial int]e/s4 ,! ef=ts direct$ t[>d ! ov]?r[ ( ! p[] ( ! ,hapsburgs & ! peculi> int]e/s ( ,d5m>k1 ,sw$5 & ,engl& 9 ! conte/ call = special emphasis4 ,! p[] ( ! ,hapsburgs 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,v & lat] c be %[n to good advantage by ! use ( outl9e maps4 ,at lea/ ?ree great p]sonalities dom9ate ! sc5e1 ,wall5/e91 ,ri*elieu & ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 all ( :om furni% ri* mat]ial = biographical /udy4 ,al?\gh x is possible to foll[ ! campaigns ) an atlas l ,putzg]1 ?is /udy is comp>atively b>r5 ( results except z x ?r[s light ^u ! milit>y g5ius ( a ,wall5/e9 or on ! pr[ess ( 8,! ,lion ( ! ,nor?40 ,! effects ( ! w> 7 to be se5 9 ,g]many 9 ! weakness ( ! c5tral gov]nm5t & 9 ! wret*$ness & mis]y consequ5t ^u ?irty ye>s ( m>*+ & c\nt]m>*+ on ! "p ( ho/ile armies4 ,! picture sket*$ by ,g>d9] 9 8 ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> is well nigh incr$ible4 ,! t]ritorial *anges :i* foll[$ ! w> c be/ be %[n by ! prep>ation ( a map4 ,!y are mu* m readily appreciat$ if !y appe> by !mselves4 7,see1 = example1 ! map 9 ,h>d+1 8,ess5tials10 p4 #cci1 or ,wakeman 8,asc5dancy ( ,france1 #aeih-agae10 p4 #abd47 ,! ,fr5* ,w>s ( ,religion4 ,! treatm5t ( ! religi\s w>s 9 ,france w diff] slightly f t ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 z x becomes necess>y 9 ?is connection to introduce a few facts ab\t ,calv9ism4 ,?is ne$ n involve mu* m ?an ! briefe/ possible /atem5t ( :at ,calv9 taught1 po9t+ out h[ 8 tea*+s appeal$ to ! intellect & ! und]/&+ r ?an to ! emotions1 z did ^? ( ,lu!r4 ,z a result ! ,hugu5ots c\nt$ among _! numb]s "s ( ! be/ families ( ,france4 ,! p]sonal elem5t c be made v prom95t 9 ^! /ruggles1 z x 0 l>gely ! intrigues ( two families1 ! ,guises & ! ,b\rbons1 aid$ & abett$ by ! ,que5 ,"m1 ,ca!r9e de ,m$ici1 :i* kept ,france embroil$ = all ^! ye>s4 ,"h1 too1 is to be not$ ! same situation :i* prevail$ 9 ,g]many1 namely1 ! app>5t p[]lessness ( ! ,fr5* p to solve _! own religi\s & dyna/ic tr\bles alone )\t ! int]f]5ce ( outside nations1 notably ,engl& & ,spa94 ,selfi% & dyna/ic int]e/s seem to h decid$ly ! upp] h& "h z contra/$ ) ,g]many4 ,mu* c be made ( su* dramatic episodes z ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew & ! conv]sion ( ! ,hugu5ot lead]1 ,h5ry ( ,nav>re4 ,! edict ( ,nantes & its effect ^u ,france %\ld be contra/$ ) ! religi\s clauses 9 ! ,treaties ( ,we/phalia4 ,! great problem :i* ?is settlem5t rais$ ( a /ate )9 a /ate1 made necess>y ! "w ( ,ri*elieu1 ^: c>e] c n[ be r\nd$ out by %[+ h[ he 0 labor+ = "o & ! same end 9 8 treatm5t ( ! ,hugu5ots at home & 8 support ( ! ,prote/ants abroad4 ,fr5* hi/ory is ?us br\ght d[n to ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! ,puritan ,revolution4 ,! ,engli% /ruggle c be discuss$ along mu* ! same l9es z ! w>s 9 ,france & ,g]many4 ,m "t %\ld p]haps be giv5 to po9t+ out ! effects ( ! ,r5aissance on ,engl& & ! great intellectual1 economic1 social1 & religi\s *anges :i* _h come to pass 9 ! "t ( ! ,tudors4 ,_! reigns m>k ! great p]iod 9 ,engli% hi/ory4 ,! dom9ant *>act]i/ic ( ,engli% developm5t1 ! gr[? ( lib]ty1 :i* _h (t5 plac$ ,engl& 9 %>p contra/ ) ! cont95t 0 nev] m prom95tly display$ ?an dur+ ! p]iod "u consid]ation4 ,! ,great ,civil ,w> p>takes ( ! tw(old "* ( ! cont95tal w>s4 ,x m>ks on ! "o h& a /ruggle betwe5 two religi\s sects2 on ! o!r a conte/ betwe5 ! k+ & ! repres5tatives ( ! p4 ,! prom95ce ( ?is second phase1 ! fact t x 0 a /ruggle betwe5 two ,prote/ant sects in/ead ( betwe5 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants1 & t x took place s long aft] ! g5]al upheaval foll[+ ! break ) ,rome1 h s]v$ to isolate x m or less f ! /ruggles on ! cont95t4 ,! ga9s = fre$om1 :i* 7 ! f9al outcome ( ?is /ruggle1 diff]5tiate x f ^? 9 ,france & ,g]many4 ,h5ry ,,iv & ,ri*elieu prep>$ ! way = ! absolutism ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,9 ,g]many ! disorganization & demoralization ( ! c5tral gov]nm5t plac$ ! de/9ies ( ! ,g]man p 9 ! h&s ( rival pr9ces1 ^: political cre$ may be summ$ up 9 ! words ( ,fr$]ick ,william ,i ( ,prussia1 8,salvation belongs to ! ,"l2 ev]y?+ else is my bus9ess40 ,! rul]s ( ,engl&1 on ! contr>y1 7 =c$ to recognize ! p[] ( p>liam5t to control _! m9i/]s1 & m important /ill1 to ackn[l$ge ! sov]eign p z ! ultimate s\rce ( _! p[] & au?ority4 ,! admission ( ?is pr9ciple ( gov]nm5t 0 n entirely ! "w ( ! ,puritan ,revolution1 b ne$$ ! additional lesson ( ! tyranny & ov]?r[ ( ,james ,,ii4 ,n ! lea/ important among ! b5efits :i* ! movem5t ( #afhh conf]r$ ^u ,engl& 0 ! g5]al recognition ( ! pr9ciple ( tol]ation4 ,! opportunity :i* ?is me?od af=ds ! tea*] ( contra/+ ,engli% conditions ) ^? on ! cont95t %\ld lead to a bett] und]/&+ & appreciation ( ,engl&'s relation to & "p 9 g5]al ,european progress4 ,h] int]nal hi/ory furni%es ano!r illu/ration ( ! great *>act]i/ic ( ?is p]iod1 ! pass+ ( religi\s que/ions f ! sph]e ( politics & ! appe>ance ( issues ( an entirely diff]5t "*4 ,bibliography4 ,! text-book w probably be f\nd to furni% all ! mat]ial ne$$ = ! pres5tation ( ?is p]iod1 ) ! possible exception ( details ( a biographical "*4 8,! ,h]oes ( ! ,nations0 s]ies conta9s good biographies ( ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 by ,c4 ,r4 ,l4 ,flet*]2 ( ,h5ry ,,iv1 by ,p4 ,f4 ,will]t1 & ( ,cromwell1 by ,*>les ,fir?4 ,^! may be supplem5t$ by ! volumes 9 ! 8,=eign ,/atesm5 ,s]ies10 on ,ri*elieu1 by ,r4 ,lodge2 on ,william ! ,sil5t1 by ,fr$]ic ,h>rison1 & on ,philip ,,ii1 by ,m>t9 ,hume4 ,! volumes 9 ! 8,epo*s ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory ,s]ies10 :i* cov] ?is p]iod1 ,! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w> & ! ,puritan ,revolution1 by ,s4 ,r4 ,g>d9]1 furni% consid]able supplem5t>y in=mation 9 a conv5i5t & compact =m4 ,! be/ atlases are probably ,putzg]1 & ,g>d9] 78,atlas ( ,engli% ,hi/ory074 ,,footnote3 #g ,cambridge ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,preface4 ,hi/ory 9 ! ,grades ,,arm& ,j4 ,,g]son1 ,editor4 ,,! ,,admission ,,( ,,miss\ri4 ,a ,type ,lesson4 ,happily our pupils n[adays are no long] compell$ to commit to memory li/s ( ! /ates admitt$ dur+ ea* adm9i/ration4 ,:ile we are all agre$ z to ! futility ( ?is antiquat$ practice we mu/ at ! same "t recognize t no pupil %\ld leave our s*ools )\t a fairly def9ite idea ( ! process by :i* new /ates are creat$4 ,?is k is ess5tial to a compreh5sion ( ! pres5t condition ( ! nation & ( its developm5t 9 ! future4 ,x is ! purpose ( ! pres5t article to %[ h[ a grasp ( ! process ( admitt+ /ates may be develop$ by means ( ! /ory ( ! admission ( "s "o typical /ate4 ,v]mont & ,k5tucky at once sugge/ !mselves because ( ! v e>ly date ( _! =mation4 ,to ^! /ates1 h[ev]1 z to o!rs admitt$ 9 ! fir/ few adm9i/rations1 !re is ! objection t _! admission 0 n typical ( ! process4 ,?is is due to _! previ\s dep5d5ce ^u or relation to "s ( ! orig9al /ates4 ,miss\ri1 on ! o!r h&1 ly+ we/ ( ! ,mississippi1 may be said to typify mo/ ( ! /ates subsequ5tly admitt$4 ,ano!r reason = ! *oice ( ,miss\ri lies 9 ! fact t our c\rses ( /udy require u to pres5t ! subject ( ! ,miss\ri ,compromise1 ?us furni%+ ! be/ excuse 9 ! _w = develop+ 9 t connection our type-lesson on ! admission ( new /ates4 ,! fir/ po9t t %\ld be develop$ is ! relation betwe5 ! national gov]nm5t & ! t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,only "o def9ite ref]5ce to ?is relation occurs 9 ! f$]al con/itution4 ,9 ,art4 ,,iv1 section #c1 we f9d ?is /atem5t3 8,! ,congress %all h p[] to dispose ( & make all ne$ful rules & regulations respect+ ! t]ritory or o!r prop]ty belong+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates40 ,we %\ld impress our pupils ) ! significance ( ?is clause :i* places 9 ! h&s ( ! national legislature complete control ov] ,unit$ ,/ates t]ritory4 ,! wide ext5t ( l& :i* _h come into our possession by ! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase c\ld be dispos$ ( by ,congress 9 any way t x might see fit4 ,9 ?is l& lay ! future /ate ( ,miss\ri4 ,hav+ ?us giv5 due consid]ation to ! g5]al relation betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t & ! t]ritory :i* x owns1 we %\ld pass next to ! "q ( ! creation ( new /ates4 ,our pupils are presumably acqua9t$ ) ! necessity ( ref]r+ to ! ,con/itution = any ref]5ce to a matt] ( fundam5tal national law4 ,x might be wor? :ile to h ! *ildr5 !mselves f9d ! ,con/itutional provision :i* relates to ! admission ( /ates4 ,! fir/ "p ( ,art4 ,,iv1 section #c1 provides t 8new /ates may be admitt$ by ! ,congress into ?is ,union10--! re/ ( ! clause1 z f> z our pres5t purpose is conc]n$1 may be disp5s$ )4 ,att5tion %\ld be call$ to ! extreme indef9it5ess ( ?is provision & to ! g5]al fact t :ile ! ,con/itution gives ,congress full control ( ,unit$ ,/ates t]ritory & fur!r delegates to x ! p[] to admit new /ates1 ! actual mode ( proc$ure has be5 left to ,congress itself to "w out4 ,! ord9ance ( #aghg next calls = ref]5ce & rapid review4 ,= ! purposes ( ?is lesson ! ord9ance is important z hav+ furni%$ ! type ( t]ritory de/9$ to become an integral "p ( our political organization4 ,fur!r1 x _h made def9ite provision = ! future admission ( /ates to be c>v$ out ( ! ,nor?we/ t]ritory4 ,to be sure1 ?is ord9ance 0 ! "w ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress1 b x _h be5 re-enact$ by ! fir/ ,congress "u ! ,con/itution z e>ly z #aghi4 ,! process mapp$ out 9 ?is fam\s ord9ance _h already furni%$ ! model = ! creation ( t]ritories & ! admission ( /ates 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! t]ritory ( ,miss\ri1 orig9ally z we h said a "p ( ! ,l\isiana ,pur*ase1 0 organiz$ by act ( ,congress ,june #d1 #ahab4 ,! class mu/ be br\ght to see ! significance ( ?is organization4 ,z a t]ritory ,miss\ri _h def9ite b\nd>ies & an organiz$ gov]nm5t4 ,x _h a gov]nor appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & a t]ritorial legislature4 ,x ( c\rse _h no voice 9 national affairs1 & 0 9 la/ resort subject to ! w ( ,congress4 ,a flood ( immigration f ! ea/]n /ates rapidly increas$ ! population ( ! new t]ritory4 ,x may be well1 because ( ! subsequ5t significance ( ! fact1 to po9t out t a l>ge pro-slav]y elem5t _h made repeat$ unsuccessful attempts to secure = slav]y ! /ates :i* s f> _h be5 made f ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory4 ,! anti-slav]y provision ( ! ,nor?we/ ,ord9ance1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ to hold good1 & slave hold]s began to look across ! ,mississippi = ! ext5sion ( _! dom9ion4 ,s rapid 0 ! increase ( population 9 ,miss\ri t 9 less ?an six ye>s aft] its organization z a t]ritory we f9d x seek+ admission z a /ate4 ,9 ! e>ly mon?s ( #ahah sev]al memorials 7 pres5t$ 9 ! ,h\se petition+ = /atehood1 & on ,april #c ( t ye> an enabl+ act 0 introduc$4 ,! discussion ( ! enabl+ act con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ important 8type elem5ts0 ( our lesson4 ,normally ! pass+ ( su* an act by ,congress mu/ be reg>d$ z ! fir/ /ep 9 ! transition ( a t]ritory to a /ate4 ,!re are1 to be sure1 "s /rik+ in/ances :]e /ates h be5 admitt$ )\t ! previ\s passage ( an enabl+ act by ,congress--,texas & ,cali=nia are cases 9 po9t--b 9 our type lesson we are conc]n$ ) ! normal practice only4 ,we mu/ develop 9 our pupils ! idea ( an enabl+ act z ! au?orization ( a t]ritory by ,congress to adopt a /ate con/itution & pres5t itself = admission into ! ,union on equal t]ms ) ! o!r /ates2 ! act fur!r fixes ! b\nd>ies ( ! prospective /ate4 ,z we h already m5tion$1 an enabl+ act = ! admission ( ,miss\ri _h be5 introduc$ into ! ,h\se z e>ly z ,april #c1 #ahah4 ,! passage ( ! f9al ,miss\ri ,enabl+ ,act1 h[ev]1 did n take place until ,m>* #f1 #ahbj4 ,! fact t ?is delay 0 caus$ by ! bitt] fight ov] slav]y ext5sion mu/ by all means be emphasiz$1 b ! hi/ory ( ! /ruggle 9 ,congress1--( ! am5dm5ts1 ref]5ces1 committee reports1 etc41 is f> too complex to =m a "p ( any elem5t>y lesson4 ,x w be suffici5t if our pupils und]/& t !re 0 a con/ant /ruggle to pres]ve ! balance ( slave & free /ates1 & grasp ! significance ( ! admission ( ,alabama 9 #ahai & ( ! application ( ,ma9e 9 t same ye>4 ,! ,enabl+ ,act ( #ahbj1 z typical ( enabl+ acts 9 g5]al1 %\ld receive c>eful att5tion4 ,section #a au?orizes ! p ( ! t]ritory ( ,miss\ri 8to =m = !mselves a con/itution & /ate gov]nm5t1 & to assume su* "n z !y %all deem prop]40 ,section #b consi/s ( an exact /atem5t ( ! b\nd>ies ( ! new /ate4 ,! phras+ ( ^! sections is significant1 typical1 & int]e/+1 & %\ld be pres5t$ to ! class 9 full4#h ,section #g /ates t ! new con/itution1 :5 draft$1 %all be transmitt$ to ,congress4 ,?is provision = approval by ,f$]al au?ority is important & *>act]i/ic ( enabl+ acts 9 g5]al1 :i* regul>ly require ! applicant /ate to submit its con/itution = approval to ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t1 usually to ,congress4 ,section #h ( ! ,enabl+ ,act embodies ! ,miss\ri ,compromise1 & is ( great importance on t acc\nt4 ,z f>1 h[ev]1 z ! m]e "q ( ! admission ( new /ates is conc]n$1 ?is section _c be consid]$ p]t95t4 ,if ! tea*]'s aim is to pres5t ! admission ( ,miss\ri & ! ,miss\ri ,compromise z "o g5]al topic1 full consid]ation ( ?is section mu/ "h be giv54 ,o!rwise pass+ ref]5ce w suffice4 ,! p ( ,miss\ri act+ "u au?ority ( _! enabl+ act1 at once proce$$ to frame a /ate con/itution4 ,beyond ! fact t /ate con/itutions are fram$ by conv5tions *os5 by ! p1 & are usually submitt$ to ! p !mselves = ratification1 ! intimate details ( ! process w s]ve r to confuse ?an to cl>ify ! idea we are seek+ to develop4 ,suffice x to say t a pro-slav]y con/itution 0 f9ally adopt$ 9 ,july1 #ahbj1 & transmitt$ to ,congress lat] 9 t ye>4 ,let me repeat at ?is po9t t x is ( ! utmo/ importance 9 all our hi/ory "w t we %all emphasize ess5tials & omit entirely ! discussion ( intricate po9ts :i*1 :ile ( "s con/itutional importance1 & frequ5tly ( great int]e/ to ! mature /ud5t1 c only "w h>m if introduc$ into ! "w ( ! grades4 ,x is 9 accordance ) ?is pr9ciple t ,i w\ld advocate r$uc+ to a m9imum any discussion ( ! conte/ :i* occurr$ 9 ,congress ov] ! "q ( ! ,miss\ri con/itution4 ,! class %\ld ( c\rse und]/& t !re 0 su* a conte/1 & t ,h5ry ,clay did m ?an any o!r "o man to br+ x to an amicable conclusion4 ,on ,m>* #b1 #ahba1 ! resolution to admit ,miss\ri z a /ate 0 approv$1 & on ,augu/ #aj? a proclamation ann\nc$ ! addition ( ano!r /> to ! flag4 ,,footnote3 #h ,! text ( sections #a1 #b1 & #h ( ! ,miss\ri ,enabl+ ,act c be f\nd 9 ,mac,donald's 8,select ,docum5ts10 pp4 #bbc-bbd4 ,reports f ! ,hi/orical ,field ,,walt] ,h4 ,,cu%+1 ,editor4 ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,association 7,,engli%74#i ,engli% tea*]s ( hi/ory organiz$ an association ab\t ?ree ye>s ago1 9 ,may1 #aijf4 ,at a prelim9>y meet+ held at ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london1 x 0 resolv$ to =m an ,hi/orical ,association4 ,on ,june #cj? ( ! same ye> a con/itution & by-laws 7 adopt$ & (fic]s ( ! ,association 7 elect$4 ,all p]sons are eligible = memb]%ip :o are engag$ or int]e/$ 9 ! tea*+ ( hi/ory4 ,! annual subscription to ! ,association is five %ill+s1 payable on ,july #a/4 ,! presid5t is ,pr(essor ,c4 ,h4 ,fir?1 ,ox=d4 ,! treasur] is ,j4 ,e4 ,morris1 & ! secret>y ,miss ,m4 ,b4 ,curran1 #f ,s\? ,squ>e1 ,gray's ,inn1 ,london1 ,w4 ,c4 ,!re are #ae vice-presid5ts1 includ+ m5 & wom5 connect$ ) college & s*ool life ( ! k+dom1 _m ( :om are well-kn[n 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 addition to ^! (fic]s !re is a c\ncil ( #bi p]sons4 ,! association has e/abli%$ a numb] ( local bran*es :i* 9 ,m>*1 #aiji1 numb]$ #ac4 ,! activities ( ! ,association are ! hold+ ( annual meet+s1 ! enc\ragem5t ( local c5t]s & ! /udy ( local hi/ory1 & ! publication ( a s]ies ( leaflets4 ,up to ,june1 #aiji1 ^! leaflets numb]$ #ag4 ,! topics treat$ are z foll[s3 ,no4 #a4 ,s\rce-books4 ,no4 #b4 ,"s ,books on ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory 9 ,s*ools4 ,no4 #c4 ,a ,summ>y ( ,hi/orical ,exam9ations1 includ+ ,matriculation ,exam9ations & ,entrance ,s*ol>%ips4 ,no4 #d4 ,address by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,james ,bryce1 on ! 8,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory 9 ,s*ools40 ,no4 #e4 ,a ,brief ,bibliography ( ,briti% ,hi/ory = ! use ( tea*]s4 ,no4 #f4 ,books ^u ,g5]al ,hi/ory1 ,anci5t ,hi/ory & ,european ,hi/ory4 ,no4 #g4 ,supplem5t>y ,read+4 ,no4 #h4 ,books on ,colonial ,hi/ory & ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,no4 #i4 ,bibliography ( ,exet]4 ,no4 #aj4 ,address by ,?omas ,hodgk91 ,esq41 on ! 8,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory 9 ,s*ools40 ,no4 #aa4 ,! ,tea*+ ( ,local ,hi/ory4 ,no4 #ab4 ,illu/rations1 ,portraits & ,lant]n ,slides ,*iefly = ,briti% & ,mod]n ,hi/ory4 ,no4 #ac4 ,hi/orical ,maps & ,atlases4 ,no4 #ad4 ,bibliography ( ,london4 ,no4 #ae4 ,! ,tea*+ ( ,civics 9 ,public ,s*ools4 ,no4 #af4 ,! ,revolution>y & ,napoleonic ,era4 ,no4 #ag4 ,an ,exp]im5t 9 ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory4 ,,cali=nia ,,association4 ,! program = ! ,hi/ory ,section ( ! ,cali=nia ,tea*]s' ,association is3 ,,w$nesday1 ,,decemb] #bi,,?1 #aiji4 ,topic3 8,! ,correlation ( ,grade & ,high ,s*ool ,hi/ory ,tea*+40 ,pap]s3 ,i4 ,d4 ,/eele1 ,san ,jose ,high ,s*ool2 ,miss ,m9nie ,mah]1 ,girls' ,high ,s*ool1 ,san ,francisco4 ,discussion op5$ by ,miss ,lucy ,r4 ,watk9s1 ,watsonville ,high ,s*ool2 ,r4 ,d4 ,faulkn]1 ,horace ,mann ,gramm> ,s*ool1 ,san ,francisco4 ,topic3 8,! ,correlation ( ,hi/ory ) ,o!r ,subjects 9 ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory 9 ! ,high ,s*ool40 ,pap]s3 ,e4 ,d4 ,adams1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity2 ,t4 ,m4 ,m>%all1 ,alam$a ,high ,s*ool4 ,discussion op5$ by ,miss ,eleanor ,johnson1 ,oakl& ,high ,s*ool2 ,f4 ,h4 ,cl>k1 ,l[ell ,high ,s*ool1 ,san ,francisco4 ,(fic]s3 ,presid5t1 ,j4 ,n4 ,b[man2 secret>y1 ,h4 ,w4 ,edw>ds4 ,on ! pr9ciple ( hi/ory be+ a cont9u\s subject f grade to univ]sity1 grade & high s*ool tea*]s 7 unit$ 9 ! same section4 ,?is plan has be5 adopt$ by ! ,engli% section also1 & o!rs are ?9k+ ( x4 ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,conf]5ce4 ,! ,new ,york ,conf]5ce ( ,hi/ory ,tea*]s held its meet+ on ,saturday1 ,decemb] #aa1 #aiji1 at ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 ,aft] ! op5+ address1 ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,johnson1 ( ,tea*]s' ,college ( ,columbia ,univ]sity1 gave ! pr9cipal pap] ^u 8,special ,aids to ,visualization 9 ! ,tea*+ ( ,hi/ory40 ,?is 0 foll[$ by a discussion ^u 8,! ,solution ( ,"s ,practical ,difficulties40 ,miss ,francis ,e4 ,*apman1 ( ! ,flu%+ ,high ,s*ool1 spoke ^u 8,lack ( ,judgm5t02 ,miss ,cl>a ,byrnes1 ( ! ,normal ,college1 on ! 8,lack ( ,vocabul>y02 ,miss ,edi? ,m4 ,tufts1 ( ! ,spey] ,s*ool1 ^u ! 8,failure to ,und]/& ,ali5 ,morals10 & ,mr4 ,james ,g4 ,croswell1 ( ! ,bre>ley ,s*ool1 ^u 8,lack ( ,imag9ation40 ,at ! close ( ! meet+ a lun*eon 0 held 9 a neighbor+ hotel4 ,! report ( ! committee on nom9ation = (fic]s = #aiji-aj 0 adopt$ z foll[s3 ,= *airman1 ,liv+/on ,r[e ,s*uyl]2 secret>y1 ,daniel ,c4 ,kn[lton2 treasur]1 ,w4 ,frankl9 ,bru%4 ,= memb]s ( ! executive committee3 ,miss ,cl>a ,byrnes1 ,ar?ur ,p4 ,butl]1 ,william ,fairley1 ,james ,g4 ,croswell4 ,?is ,new ,york ,conf]5ce 0 organiz$ 9 response to an unanim\s vote ( ! ?ird annual conv5tion ( ! ,association ( ,hi/ory ,tea*]s ( ! ,middle ,/ates & ,m>yl&1 :i* au?oriz$ ! =mation ( local conf]5ces ( hi/ory tea*]s4 ,! ann\ncem5t ( ! conf]5ce meet+ /ates t 8,! prim>y purpose ( ! conf]5ce is ! same z t ( ! association--#8to advance ! /udy & tea*+ ( hi/ory & gov]nm5t ?r\gh discussion1' & #8to promote p]sonal acqua9tance among tea*]s & /ud5ts ( hi/ory4' ,9 ^! meet+s a l>ge numb] ( tea*]s c be rea*$ ^: duties & location prev5t !m f att5d+ conv5tions at a di/ance4 ,su* conf]5ces also af=d opportunities = wid] discussion ?an is possible at ! meet+s ( ! association4 ,free /atem5t ( op9ion indicates l9es ( "w ( great wor? & int]e/4 ,! con/itution & organization are ( ! simple/ type1 & ! fee a nom9al "o ( "o doll> a ye>40 ,,miss\ri ,,society4 ,! ,miss\ri ,society ( ,tea*]s ( ,hi/ory & ,gov]nm5t w meet on ,decemb] #bh? & #bi? 9 ! ,c5tral ,high ,s*ool ,build+1 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,! foll[+ program has be5 arrang$3 ,,tuesday ,,aft]noon1 ,,decemb] #bh,,?4 #a4de--;,address3 8,! ,et]nity ( ,rome10 ,william ,s*uyl]1 ,mc,kinley ,high ,s*ool1 ,/4 ,l\is4 8,:at ,topics 9 ,anci5t & ,m$ival ,hi/ory ,ne$ ,special ,emphasis to ,prep>e ! ,pupil = ! ,mod]n ,p]iod80 ,miss ,ell5 ,b4 ,atwat]1 ,c5tral ,high ,s*ool1 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,discussion4 8,rec5t ,books10 ,pr(essor ,n4 ,m4 ,tr5holme1 ,columbia4 ,,w$nesday ,,aft]noon1 ,,decemb] #bi,,?4 #a4de--;,hi/ory 9 ! ,grades3 8,geographic ,influ5ces 9 ,am]ican ,hi/ory10 ,miss ,grace ,graves1 ,hannibal2 8,victories ( ,w> vs4 ,victories ( ,peace10 ,miss ,fannie ,b5nett1 ,eigh? ,grade1 ,siegel ,s*ool1 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,discussion4 8,! ,future ,citiz5 & ,civics ,in/ruction 9 ! ,high ,s*ool10 ,pr9cipal ,s4 ,a4 ,bak]1 ,jopl94 ,discussion4 ,collection ( pap]s = ,g5]al ,secret>y & = ,society ,secret>y4 ,bus9ess meet+4 ,prelim9>y reports ( committees3 #a4 8,on ,hi/ory ,in/ruction 9 ! ,high ,s*ools ( ,miss\ri10 ,e4 ,m4 ,violette1 ,/ate ,normal1 ,kirksville4 #b4 8,on ,hi/ory ,in/ruction 9 ! ,grades40 ,a cordial invitation is ext5d$ to all to visit ! valuable collection ( ! ,miss\ri ,hi/orical ,society1 #afjj ,locu/ ,/reet1 h\rs #i a4m4 to #e p4m4 ,! (fic]s are3 ,presid5t1 ,h4 ,r4 ,tuck]1 ,/4 ,l\is2 vice-presid5t1 ,jesse ,lewis1 ,m>yville2 secret>y & treasur]1 ,eug5e ,fair1 ,kirksville2 editor1 ,n4 ,m4 ,tr5holme1 ,columbia4 ,a ,,bibliography ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,= ,,s*ools4 ,! bibliography ( hi/ory = s*ools :i* 0 publi%$ s]ially la/ ye> 9 ! 8,atlantic ,educational ,qu>t]ly10 is ab\t to be issu$ 9 m elaborate =m by ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 ,! "w seems to meet a ne$ among tea*]s :o f9d x difficult to keep abrea/ ( available hi/orical lit]ature 9 ,engli%1 & :o are (t5 9 d\bt z to ! relative m]its ( v>i\s /&>d works4 ,! bibliography1 z enl>g$ & revis$1 w conta9 select$ li/s ( ! mo/ approv$ hi/orical works 9 ,engli%1 cov]+ ! :ole field ( hi/ory1 ) sep>ate sections devot$ to hi/orical read+ = *ildr54 ,! portions relat+ to ,am]ican hi/ory w be work$ out ) unusual fullness & c>e4 ,works on aids to hi/ory1 me?od1 univ]sal hi/ory1 biography1 ecclesia/ical1 con/itutional & economic hi/ory w also be includ$1 & a specially prep>$ li/ ( books on ,am]ican gov]nm5t w be giv54 ,e "w m5tion$ :e!r 9 "o volume or _m volumes1 w be c>efully annotat$ 9 a criticism ( f two to tw5ty l9es1 & 9 ! case ( l>g] works at ev5 great] l5g?4 ,ea* entry w conta9 ! "n ( ! au?or1 ! title ( ! "w 9 full1 ye> ( publication1 price & "n ( ! publi%]4 ,! bibliography has be5 prep>$ by a committee ( ! ,m>yl& ,hi/ory ,tea*]s' ,association1 consi/+ ( ,pr(essor ,*>les ,m4 ,&rews1 ( ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity2 ,mr4 ,j4 ,montgom]y ,gambrill1 head ( ! dep>tm5t ( hi/ory & civics ( ! ,baltimore ,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 & ,miss ,lida ,lee ,tall1 sup]visor ( gramm> grades1 ,baltimore c\nty1 ,m>yl&4 ,x w be issu$ "u ! auspices ( ! ,association ( ,hi/ory ,tea*]s ( ! ,middle ,/ates & ,m>yl&4 ,,footnote3 #i ,editor's ,note4--,! li/ ( hi/ory tea*]s' associations1 publi%$ 9 ! ,decemb] numb]1 w be repr9t$ 9 ! ,febru>y issue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,new f ,cov] to ,cov] ,,web/]',s ,,new ,,int]national ,,diction>y ,,j ,,issu$4 ,ed4 9 ,*ief1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,h>ris1 =m] ,u4 ,s4 ,com4 ( ,education4 ,! ,web/] ,tradition ,develop$ by ,mod]n ,sci5tific ,lexicography4 ,key to ,lit]ature ( ,sev5 ,c5turies4 ,g5]al ,in=mation ,practically ,d\bl$4 #bgjj ,pages4 #fjjj ,illu/rations4 #djj1jjj ,words & ,phrases4 ,,get ,,! ,,be/ 9 ,s*ol>%ip1 ,conv5i5ce1 ,au?ority1 ,utility4 ,illu/ration ,ask y\r booksell] = ! ,,new ,,int]national or write = ,specim5 ,pages to ,g4 ,c4 ,,m]riam ,,co41 ,,spr+field1 ,,mass4 ,y w d u a favor to m5tion ?is magaz9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,translations & ,repr9ts ,orig9al s\rce mat]ial = anci5t1 m$ieval & mod]n hi/ory 9 pamphlet or b\nd =m4 ,pamphlets co/ f #aj to #be c5ts4 ,,syllabuses ,h4 ,v4 ,,ames3 ,am]ican ,colonial ,hi/ory4 7,revis$ & enl>g$ edition1 #aijh7 #a4jj ,d4 ,c4 ,,munro & ,g4 ,,sell]y3 ,syllabus ( ,m$ieval ,hi/ory1 #cie to #aejj 7#aiji7 #a4jj ,9 two p>ts3 ,pt4 ,i1 by ,pr(4 ,munro1 ,syllabus ( ,m$ieval ,hi/ory1 #cie to #acjj4 ,pt4 ,,ii1 by ,pr(4 ,sell]y1 ,syllabus ( ,lat] ,m$ieval ,hi/ory1 #acjj to #aejj4 ,p>ts publi%$ sep>ately4 ,w4 ,e4 ,,l+elba*3 ,syllabus ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury #fj c5ts ,comb9$ ,s\rce ,book ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,m4 ,,:itcomb #a4ej ,/ate ,docum5ts on ,f$]al ,relations4 ,h4 ,v4 ,,ames #a4ge ,publi%$ by ,dep>tm5t ( ,hi/ory1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,philadelphia1 & by ,longmans1 ,gre5 ,co4 ,correspond5ce ,,use ,,( ,,s\rces4 ,sa9t ,l\is1 ,nov4 #bi1 #aiji4 ,editor ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e3 ,k9dly p]mit me to write a ^w 9 reg>d to ,pr(essor ,fay's criticism ( ,pr(essor ,fl+'s article 9 ! ,septemb] numb] ( y\r excell5t magaz9e4 ,pr(essor ,fl+ "s ye>s ago blaz$ ! trail = a re=m 9 hi/ory in/ruction ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,l e p$agogical re=m]1 he advanc$ a !ory :i* _m--p]haps1 only few--7 will+ to c>ry out 9 its entirety4 ,b :at man :o is a re=m] does h 8 :ole s*eme adopt$8 ,pr(essor ,fl+ did c]ta9ly ar\se hi/ory tea*]s f _! le?>gy & f ! 8"o-book0 me?od ( tea*+2 at lea/1 he contribut$ 9 no small "p to ?is result4 ,i c f9d no?+ 9 ,pr(essor ,fl+'s article at v>iance ) mod]n educational ?\ght4 ,x does n argue1 ,i take x1 t we %all make tra9$ hi/orical s*ol>s out ( our high s*ool pupils2 b x does argue--& rightly s1 x seems to me--t we give !m a glimpse ( ! mat]ial out ( :i* hi/ory is writt54 ,:at bett] way to get !m to practice ! critical attitude t[>ds ! pr9t$ page8 ,pr(essor ,fay says t ! s\rces %\ld n be 9 ! h&s ( ! pupils1 8be+ unsuit$ to _! m5tal capacity40 ,i h us$ !m ) fir/ ye> & ) f\r? ye> pupils1 & 9 all p]iods ( hi/ory4 ,! use ( !m requires m "w by ! tea*]4 ,!y %\ld g5]ally be accompani$ by que/ions or topics2 or !y c pr(itably be made a s\rce ( class /udy4 ,:at an excell5t opportunity ( tea*+ ! pupils h[ to /udy1--a ?+ 9 :i* b few high s*ool /ud5ts are entirely pr(ici5t4 ,i w admit t ,i am n prep>$ to g ! ext5t t ,pr(essor ,fl+ advocates1 & apply 8int]nal0 & 8ext]nal0 criticism to ref]5ces twice a week4 ,b because we _c endorse 8 me?od entirely1 %\ld we reject x entirely8 ,!re are _m ideas :i* he advances 9 ! 8,salamis0 /udy :i* c easily be foll[$ 9 _m o!r p]iods4 ,! use ( s\rces w be v imp]fectly h&l$ 9 ! h&s ( an unskill$ tea*]1 b t is no criticism on ! use ( !m4 ,:at bett] ref]5ce = #aghi 9 ,france ?an ! s\rce1 ,ar?ur ,"y's 8,travels40 ,9 us+ su* an attractive "w1 mu/ we n raise ! v que/ions :i* ,pr(essor ,fl+ sugge/s 9 ! 8,salamis0 /udy8 ,a /udy ( "o page ( ! exp5se acc\nt ( ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,legislature dur+ recon/ruction days w mean m ?an a :ole *apt] ( second>y au?ority on recon/ruction exp5ses4 ,by ! way1 c\ld civics be taught )\t ! s\rces8 ,hi/ory in/ruction is to furni% in=mation2 b x is also to develop discrim9at+ judgm5t4 ,9 ! use ( ! s\rces--to :at ext5t1 w dep5d on ! tea*]1--^! results w be atta9$1 & ! subject vitaliz$1 m ?an 9 any o!r way4 ,! fact t we _c af=d two recitations a week :5 only f\r are giv5 to hi/ory is no argum5t aga9/ ! me?od4 ,pr(essor ,fl+'s /atem5ts z to allotm5t ( "t 7 made ) ref]5ce to five h\rs a week = hi/ory4 ,&1 anyway1 x is immat]ial :e!r we c foll[ ,pr(essor ,fl+'s me?od accord+ to ! lett]2 we c]ta9ly1 9 our high s*ool in/ruction1 ne$ to foll[ ! _s ( 8 me?od4 ,9 fact1 f "o p>agraph ( ,pr(essor ,fay's article1 :]e he says he w\ld ar\se ! pupils' int]e/ 89 sc5es & c\ntries remov$ by "t & space f !mselves10 x w\ld seem t he w\ld use ! s\rce4 ,! diff]5ce is "o ( degree1 n ( k9d2 "o ( h[ to use !m1 n :e!r to use !m or no4 ,h4 ,r4 ,,tuck]1 ,wm4 ,mc,kinley ,h4 ,s41 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,,s*ool ,,libr>ies4 ,editor ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e3 ,! "q rais$ by ,mr4 ,p>ham1 ,libr>ian ( ! ,little ,rock ,high ,s*ool 9 ! ,novemb] numb]1 conc]n+ ! supply ( ref]5ce books 9 hi/ory1 is a v vital "o4 ,i %\ld l to make "o or two rem>ks by way ( relat+ "s ?+s conc]n+ ! mak+ ( ! libr>y 9 ! ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool ) :i* ,i am connect$4 ,our libr>y has be5 creat$ practically )9 ! la/ six ye>s4 ,prior to t "t x consi/$ ( a few hundr$ volumes1 indiff]5tly select$ & poorly adapt$ to class-room ne$s4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( its reorganization e in/ructor :o has _h any?+ to d ) ! ord]+ ( books has s\ght fir/ to pur*ase duplicate copies ( ^? books :i* 8 classes w use 9 _! class "w f day to day4 ,! aim has be5 to make x possible = e memb] ( ! class to read ! same ref]5ces1 h5ce duplicates rang+ f ?ree to tw5ty h be5 pur*as$4 ,! g5]al plan has be5 to h "o copy = ab\t e ?ree memb]s 9 ! class4 ,z a result we h num]\s duplicates ( ^? titles t are us$ z ref]5ces = g5]al class "w4 ,( c\rse ^! books w we> out pretty rapidly--"s are already well worn out--& 9 a %ort "t !y w all h to be replac$4 ,b ?is w give u an opportunity to put o!r books t h be5 m rec5tly writt5 9 _! place1 & ?us keep abrea/ ( ! times4 ,b all our pur*ases h n be5 made 9 ?is mann]4 ,we h be5 ord]+ _m o!r books 9 s+le copies :i* are us$ *iefly = !me or !sis "w1 ?\gh !re are occasions :5 an entire class w be s5t to sev]al diff]5t books = a giv5 subject4 ,s successful has ?is plan ( buy+ duplicate copies 9 l>ge numb]s be51 t we are con/antly advis+ ^? :o consult u to d ! same ?+4 ,j ! o!r day a ,high ,s*ool tea*] wrote me %e _h #ce to sp5d = libr>y books on ,anci5t ,hi/ory = a class ( #gj4 ,i imm$iately wrote h]1 recomm5d+ t %e put practically all ( t preci\s #ce 9 j two titles1 ,tuck]'s 8,life ( ! ,anci5t ,greeks0 & ,john/one's 8,private ,life ( ! ,romans40 ,i e/imat$ t %e c\ld get ab\t t5 copies ( ea* ( ^! titles1 & p]haps h en\gh left to buy ,oman's or ,bury's 8,hi/ory ( ,greece10 & ,h[ & ,leigh's or ,pelham's 8,hi/ory ( ,rome40 ,i am sure t ! results %e w get f ?is s*eme w be f> m satisfactory ?an !y w\ld be if %e sp5t all ( h] money = s+le copies ( a great _m m titles4 ,!re may be objections to giv+ ! same assignm5t ( read+ to ! entire class1 b ,i h f\nd 9 my own "w "h t ! /ud5ts 9 ! hi/ory c\rses ( high s*ool rank & ^? also ( college rank d bett] "w & get bett] results if !y are1 mo/ ( ! "t1 giv5 id5tically ! same assignm5ts ( read+4 ,i believe mo/ firmly 9 ! def9ite assignm5t ( pages 9 a book = ! day-aft]-day "w4 ,! /ud5t may be left to 8 own devices 9 "s in/ances1 b n 9 _m4 ,& ! only way to make ?is plan "w is to buy num]\s duplicate titles ( at lea/ a few books1 & to keep ?is up until all ! books = g5]al class "w h be5 pur*as$4 ,:5 t is done1 !n att5tion c be giv5 to /ock+ up ! libr>y ) ^? books t w be ne$$ 9 s+le copies only4 ,if !re is any?+ fundam5tally wrong ) ?is me?od ( do+ ?+s ,i %\ld l to h x po9t$ out4 ,s f> x has be5 ! way ( salvation to u "h & to _m o!rs ar\nd u4 ,e4 ,m4 ,,violette4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,hi/ory1 ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool1 ,kirksville1 ,mo4 ,editor ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e4 ,we h rec5tly plac$ 9 our hi/ory & o!r classes a s]ies ( ,und]wood & ,und]wood /]eographs4 ,w y k9dly publi% 9 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e "s sugge/ions z to h[ !y may be us$ ) pr(it8 ,among o!rs we h plac$ "o ( ! complete ,italian t\rs4 ,we %all h ab\t #fj 9 ,roman hi/ory next seme/]4 ,any sugge/ions y may see fit to publi% w be highly appreciat$4 ,i _c /op )\t tell+ y h[ mu* ,i enjoy ! ,,magaz9e4 ,x gr[s bett] ea* mon?4 ,! sugge/ions are v helpful4 ,i h work$ a numb] ( !m out1 & f9d !m exce$+ly practical4 ,x is always ) consid]able pleasure t ,i look =w>d to ! deliv]y ( ! ,,magaz9e4 ,x is a timely publication1 & w d mu* = ! hi/ory tea*+ ?r\gh\t ! nation4 ,c4 ,r4 ,g4 ,h our read]s any sugge/ions to (f] = su* "w8 ,,pacific ,,coa/ ,,bran*4 ,! ,pacific ,coa/ ,bran* ( ! ,am]ican ,hi/orical ,association held its annual meet+ at ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 ,novemb] #ai-bj4 ,! aft]noon session ( ,saturday1 ! #bj?1 0 devot$ to ,hi/ory 9 ! ,second>y ,s*ools1 ! topic be+ 8,anci5t ,hi/ory 9 ! ,fir/ ,ye> ( ! ,high ,s*ool40 ,a v practical pap] 0 read by ,w4 ,c4 ,we/]ga>d1 ( ! ,alam$a ,high ,s*ool1 on ! subject1 8,po9ts ( ,contact betwe5 ,anci5t ,hi/ory & ! ,pres5t40 ,! discussion t foll[$ br\ght out sev]al po9ts4 ,anci5t ,hi/ory has be5 ! object ( attack by sev]al critics ( ! high s*ools1 & if x is to reta9 its place x mu/ ju/ify itself4 ,x is ! weak po9t 9 our second>y hi/ory "w1 *iefly = two reasons3 #a4 ,x is ! mo/ remote ( ! f\r 8fields10 & yet is put be=e beg9n]s1 ^: m5tal p[] is undevelop$4 #b4 ,x is usually plac$ 9 *>ge ( less exp]i5c$ tea*]s ?an are ! o!r c\rses4 ,! me?od set =? 9 ! essay is well calculat$ to ov]come ! fir/ ( ^! conditions4 ,*ildr5 enjoy discuss+ hi/orical 8problems0 ( a simple sort3 e4 g41 ! conduct ( ! ,romans aft] ,caud9e ,=ks2 ! wisdom ( ,cs>'s clem5cy4 ,any?+ t w make ! m5 ( ! pa/ real is useful2 value ( lett]s 7,pl9y's1 etc474 ,aft] ! discussion 0 clos$1 ! election ( (fic]s result$ 9 ! *oice ( ,pr(essor ,e4 ,d4 ,adams1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 presid5t2 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,n4 ,b[man1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 secret>y-treasur]4 ,h4 ,w4 ,e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,some?+ ,besides ,p$agogy = ,tea*]s' ,read+ ,circles ,!y w f9d cultural & inspirational value 9 ! ,*autauqua ,home ,read+ ,c\rse4 ,oppos$ to ! uns*ol>ly & ov] 8popul>0 on ! "o h&1 & to ! deadly pr(essional gr9d & regr9d on ! o!r1 x is calculat$ to lead ^? :o foll[ x 8out into a l>ge place40 ,an ord]ly1 well-balanc$1 & prop]ly-v>i$ s*eme ( "w = circles or individuals4 ,f\r ye>s1 cov]+ ,classical1 ,briti%1 ,am]ican1 & mod]n ,european 7cont95tal7 subjects1 respectively2 b ea* ye> sep>ate & indep5d5t ( ! o!rs4 ,au?oritative4 ,bas$ on ! exp]i5ce ( ?irty ye>s4 ,approv$ by ! te/imony ( scores ( ?\s&s :o h 8graduat$40 ,f\r books & twelve mon?ly numb]s ( ,,! ,,*autauqua ,,magaz9e1 #e4 ,address ,*autauqua ,in/itution1 ,*autauqua1 ,new ,york4 ,,get ,,! ,,*autauqua ,,idea 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,great ,opportunity ,,= ,,hi/ory ,,tea*]',s ,,magaz9e ,,read]s ,a ,few ,rubb$ ,sets at #dj ,disc\nt ,illu/ration ,,! ,,new ,,imp]ial ,,encyclop$ia #dj ,vols4 #bh1jjj ,pages #g1jjj ,illus4 ,,made ,,= ,,use6 ,! di/+ui%+ feature ( ! ,imp]ial ,encyclop$ia is its usefulness4 ,x is ! result ( ! close/ /udy ( ! entire encyclop$ia field to asc]ta9 :at %\ld con/itute a "w t w\ld be at once ! mo/ useful & useable1 z well z ! mo/ complete & au?oritative ref]5ce libr>y possible to make 9 a s+le publication4 ,cov]+ z x does completely ! l>ge field occupi$ by all o!r ,encyclop$ias1 x introduces _m new features n f\nd 9 any o!r4 ,x is ! only encyclop$ia issu$ 9 conv5i5t-siz$ volumes4 ,n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! encyclop$ias 9 ! homes to-day are r>ely us$2 ! great weight & cumb]some size ( ! volumes are responsible = _! lack ( use4 8,al?\gh possess+ ?ree o!r encyclop$ias ( great ,m]it1 ,,! ,,imp]ial is ref]r$ to (t5] ?an any o!r4 ,to me x is a necessity40--,,rev4 ,,john ,,mill]1 ,roselle1 ,n4 ,j4 ,x is ! only "o t includes all diction>y words1 ) _! def9itions1 pronunciations1 d]ivations1 & synonyms1 all "u a s+le alphabetical arrangem5t4 ,x pron\nces e title1 hi/orical1 biographical1 geographical1 & sci5tific4 ,x is ! only pron\nc+ encyclop$ia4 8,i possess five o!rs1 b x is to ,,! ,,imp]ial t ,i ref] (t5] ?an to all ! re/40--,i4 ,t4 ,,cotton1 ,m4 ,d41 ,*>le/on1 ,w4 ,va4 ,x cov]s a wid] range ( topics by hundr$s ?an does ! l>ge/ ( all o!r encyclop$ias4 ,x has _h ! mo/ c>eful editorial sup]vision4 ,incomp>able = in=mation ab\t any ^w1 ?+1 p]son1 place1 or ev5t4 8,meets m fully my idea ( a p]fect encyclop$ia ?an any o!r40--,,f]ris ,s4 ,,fit*1 ,ex-,supt4 ,public ,in/ruction1 ,mi*igan4 ,up to date4 ,hav+ b rec5tly be5 complet$1 x conta9s mu* in=mation n f\nd else:]e4 8,9 all respects answ]s my expectations--compreh5sive1 accurate & compact40--,,pr(essor ,,day1 ( ,yale4 ,^! features belong to ,,! ,,imp]ial exclusively2 !y di/+ui% x f all o!rs2 !y m>k x z an exceptional production4 ,slightly ,rubb$ b o!rwise ,p]fectly ,s\nd ,we propose to s5d ?is magnific5t ,new ,ref]5ce ,libr>y entirely at our own exp5se = inspection4 ,we ask y to give x ! mo/ se>*+ exam9ation1 & comp>e x ) any simil> "w publi%$ at any price4 ,we believe y w pref] x to ! be/ ( !m2 t is :y we propose to place x on trial 9 y\r home4 ,! volumes are h&somely & durably b\nd 9 heavy ,engli% clo?2 also 9 beautiful half ,morocco at a small advance ov] ! clo? price4 ,! pr9t l>ge & cle>4 ,,no ,,paym5t ,,requir$ until y h exam9$ ! "w 9 y\r home4 ,,bookcase ,,free6 ,we h a limit$ numb] ( ?ree-%elf solid oak1 made to hold ?is set4 ,we propose to (f] !m z a premium to prompt pur*as]s4 ,all ord]s s5t 9 ?is mon? w include "o ( ^! h&some cases4 ,act ,quickly4 ,hy ,g4 ,all5 ,co4 #ajda ,brunswick ,build+1 ,new ,york ,,sign1 ,,cut ,,& ,,mail ,,?is ,,c\pon ,,to-,,day ,h ,t4 ,m ,jan4 #aiaj ,hy ,g4 ,all5 ,co4 #ajda ,brunswick ,build+1 ,new ,york ,s5d me1 prepaid1 "o slightly rubb$ set ,imp]ial ,encyclop$ia 9 heavy ,engli% clo? b9d+ ) bookcase4 ,if satisfi$1 ,i w s5d y #a )9 #aj days aft] receipt & #b p] mon? !reaft] = #ai mon?s1 title to rema9 ) y until paid 9 full4 ,if n satisfi$1 ,i w notify y )9 #aj days & hold subject to y\r ord]4 ,"n 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,/reet 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,city 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,/ate 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ea* article & relabel$ consecutively ?r\gh ! docum5t4 ,adv]tisem5ts h be5 mov$ to ! end ( ! article :]e !y appe> 9 ! orig9al text4 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication1 except t obvi\s typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,! foll[+ *anges 7 made3 p4 #ajb3 ,collection *ang$ to ,correction 7( ,correction4--,its7 p4 #aac3 ,footnote an*or add$ 7,,hi/orical ,,association 7,,engli%74#i7