,,works ,,by ,,walt] ,,crane ,,! ,,bases ,,( ,,design4 ,) #bjj ,illu/rations1 _m drawn by ! au?or4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #fs4 net4 ,,l9e ,,& ,,=m4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,lectures deliv]$ at ! ,municipal ,s*ool ( ,art1 ,man*e/]4 ,) #aeg ,illu/rations4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #fs4 net4 ,,! ,,decorative ,,illu/ration ,,( ,,books1 ,,old ,,& ,,new4 ,) #afe ,illu/rations4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #fs4 net4 ,,london3 ,,george ,,bell ,,& ,,sons ,,ideals ,,9 ,,art ,,ideals,,9,,art3 ,,pap]s,,!oretical,,practical,,critical ,,by,,walt],,crane,au?or(8,l9e,=m04,et ,illu/ration ,,london3,,george,,bell,,sons3#aije ,,*iswick ,,press3 ,,*>les ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,co4 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,,london4 ,,preface ,! collect$ pap]s :i* =m ?is book h be5 writt5 at diff]5t times1 & 9 ! int]vals ( o!r "w4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 specially address$ to1 & read be=e ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild1 z contributions to ! discussion ( ! v>i\s subjects !y deal )2 s t !y may be describ$ z ! pap]s ( a work] 9 design address$ ma9ly to art work]s4 ,!y are n1 h[ev]1 :olly or n>r[ly te*nical1 & ! po9t ( view frequ5tly be>s ^u ! g5]al relation ( art to life4 ,"s ( ! pap]s 7 deliv]$ z lectures to l>g] audi5ces1 & o!rs h appe>$ z articles1 mo/ly 9 j\rnals devot$ to art4 ,( ! =m]1 ! "o ^u ! ,arts & ,crafts movem5t 0 prep>$ = & read z "o ( a s]ies ( lectures giv5 dur+ a rec5t exhibition ( ! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society1 & is n[ = ! fir/ "t pr9t$ 9 its entirety4 ,! 8,?\ghts on ,h\se-,decoration0 0 read be=e ! conv5tion ( ! ,national ,association ( ,ma/] ,pa9t]s & ,decorators rec5tly held at ,leice/]4 8,! ,influ5ce ( ,mod]n ,social & ,economic ,conditions on ! ,s5se ( ,beauty0 0 ! sub/ance ( an address at ! op5+ ( a debate on t "q at a meet+ ( ! ,pione] ,club4 ,! pap] on 8,! ,progress ( ,ta/e 9 ,dress0 0 writt5 = 8,! ,heal?y & ,arti/ic ,dress ,union10 & appe>$ 9 _! j\rnal 8,aglaia40 ,! article on ,mr4 ,*e/]ton's book appe>$ 9 8,! ,speak]02 t on 8,! ,tea*+ ( ,art0 9 8,! ,art ,j\rnal40 ,! notes on 8,gesso0 "w appe>$ 9 an e>ly numb] ( 8,! ,/udio10 & ,i h to ?ank ! editor1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,holme1 = k9dly all[+ me to repr9t x "h1 & also = ! loan ( ! blocks us$ = ! illu/rations1 bo? = ?is & o!rs ( ! pap]s4 ,my be/ ?anks are also due to ,mr4 ,erne/ ,gimson = ! loan ( photographs ( 8 cottage at ,/oneywell2 to ! ,e>l ( ,pembroke = enabl+ me to obta9 ^? ( ! d\ble cube room at ,wilton2 to ,mr4 ,*>les ,r[ley1 & ,mr4 ,*>les ,w4 ,gamble ( ! ,municipal ,s*ool ( ,te*nology1 ,man*e/]1 = photographs ( ! ,madox ,br[n frescoes2 to ,mr4 ,augu/us ,sp5s] & ,mr4 ,fitz,roy1 ! ,pr9cipal & ! ,regi/r> ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,art1 = _! help 9 obta9+ = me ! examples ( ! "w ( ! /ud5ts giv52 & to ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,p4 ,mong] = ! c>e he took 9 photograph+ !m2 also to ,mr4 ,krug] ( ! ,royal ,college1 = ! use ( 8 admirable draw+ ( ! decorations ( ,we/m9/] ,bridge1 :i* appe>$ 9 8,! ,magaz9e ( ,art10 & is n[ reproduc$ by p]mission ( ,mr4 ,m4 ,h4 ,spielmann & ,messrs4 ,cassell4 ,i %\ld l to add a note or two on "s ( ! illu/rations1 on o!r po9ts n comm5t$ ^u 9 ! pap]s4 ,! sket* plan & elevation ( a collective dwell+ 7at page #aaf71 = :i* ,i am indebt$ to my ar*itect-son1 is (f]$ z a sugge/ion ( :at c\ld be done 9 ?is way on v simple l9es4 ,ea* t5ant 9 su* a collective dwell+ w\ld h 8 private h\se or cottage1 ) ! advantage ( ! use ( ! common d9+-hall1 & ! s]vice ( a collective kit*52 also a g5]al read+-room1 & to ^! rooms a vault$ way ) an op5 arcade on ! side next ! quadrangle w\ld enable ea* t5ant to rea* ?is "p ( ! build+ "u cov] f 8 own dwell+1 :i* comprises a private g>d51 z well z ! use ( ! common quadrangle4 ,f ! ar*itectural po9t ( view gr\p$ dwell+s1 ^u "s su* pr9ciple z "h sugge/$1 w\ld und\bt$ly l5d !mselves to arti/ic & pleasant treatm5t1 & w\ld mitigate ! depress+ effect ( ! monoton\s r[s ( squat dwell+s int5d$ = our work]s' homes1 & ! mean sam5ess ( ! /reets1 :i* are spread+ ar\nd our great t[ns 9 e direction1 only1 x is to be fe>$1 to =m slums 9 ! future4 ,9 reg>d to ,man*e/]1 spok5 ( on page #aai1 ano!r practical /ep has be5 tak5 9 ! mu*-ne$$ direction ( s*ool-decoration4 ,?r\gh ! public _s ( ,mr4 ,grant1 "o ( h] citiz5s1 :o has f\nd money en\gh to />t ! "w1 /ud5ts ( ! ,municipal ,s*ool ( ,art are enabl$ to c>ry out on a l>ge scale mural pa9t+s ^u ! upp] walls ( ! class-rooms 9 "o ( ! pr9cipal prim>y s*ools4 ,! subjects h be5 enl>g$ f "s ( my col\r$ book designs su* z 8,flora's ,fea/40 ,su* "w might n only be made to be> mo/ helpfully on ! g5]al "w ( education1 b 9 itself be an important side ( s*ool influ5ce1 s9ce by means ( l>ge simple typical mural designs great hi/orical ev5ts & p]sonages1 z well z natural =m1 might be made famili> to ! eyes ( *ildr5 at ! same "t t _! s5se ( beauty & imag9ative faculties 7 appeal$ to4 ,local hi/ory might 9 ?is way be pres]v$ also4 ,9 ?is connection "o 0 glad to see ! o!r day at ,hoxne 7! anci5t ,eagles-dune7 9 ,suffolk ! s*ool-h\se connect$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! place by hav+ a figure ( ,/4 ,edmund c>v$ z a f9ial ( ! *ief gable1 ) a relief 9 /one let into ! wall b5ea?1 illu/rat+ ! incid5t ( ! sa9tly k+ be+ tak5 by ! ,danes at ! bridge1 :ile an inscription m5tions t ! build+ m>ks ! spot1 & ! date ( 8 dea? 9 #hgj4 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,yew ,,tree ,,f>m1 ,septemb]1 #aije4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,movem5t3 ,,its ,,g5]al ,,t5d5cy ,,& ,,possible ,,outcome #a ,,( ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,art #ce ,,( ,,me?ods ,,( ,,art ,,tea*+ #eh ,,note ,,on ,,tol/oi',s 8,,:at ,,is ,,art80 #fi ,,( ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,mod]n ,,social ,,& ,,economic ,,conditions ,,on ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,beauty #gf ,,( ,,! ,,social ,,& ,,e?ical ,,be>+s ,,( ,,art #hh ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,& ,,its ,,mean+ #ajb ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,h\se-,,decoration #aaj ,,( ,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,ta/e ,,9 ,,dress ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,art ,,education #aga ,,( ,,tempor>y ,,/reet ,,decorations #aib ,,( ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,animal ,,=ms ,,9 ,,decoration ,,& ,,h]aldry #bjc ,,( ,,! ,,design+ ,,( ,,book-,,cov]s #bbe ,,( ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,gild+ ,,9 ,,decoration #bcg ,,( ,,rais$ ,,"w ,,9 ,,gesso #bdg ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,! ,,easel ,,picture ,,to ,,decorative ,,art #bfe ,a ,,great ,,arti/ ,,9 ,a ,,lit]>y ,,se>*light #bgc ,,index #bhc ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page ,page f ,blake's 8,songs ( ,exp]i5ce0 #e ,page f ,blake's 8,songs ( ,innoc5ce0 #f ,wood engrav+s by ,edw>d ,calv]t #g1 #h ,illu/rations to ,t5nyson3 ,! ,ballad ( ,oriana1 by ,holman ,hunt #i ,! ,palace ( ,art1 by ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti #aj ,! ,bride 7f 8,! ,talk+ ,oak071 by ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,millais #aa ,manoli1 by ,fr$]ick ,s&ys #ac ,royal ,college ( ,art1 ,/ud5ts' ,designs3 ,figure ,composition1 ,fr$]igo ,b>b>ossa1 by ,lancelot ,crane #cg ,"t ,/udies1 by ,h4 ,p>r #ch1 #ci ,"t ,/udies ( ,figures 9 ,action #da ,design & ,plan ( a ,dom$ ,*ur*1 by ,a4 ,e4 ,m>t9 #db ,design = ,tape/ry1 by ,e4 ,w4 ,tri/ram #dc ,design = ,embroid]y1 by ,miss ,e4 ,m4 ,dunkley #de ,museum ,/udies 9 ,embroid]y1 by ,miss ,e4 ,m4 ,dunkley #df ,%eet ( ,h]aldic ,/udies1 by ,miss ,c4 ,m4 ,lacey #dg ,/udies 9 ,c\nt]*ange1 by ,w4 ,g4 ,spoon] #di ,/udies ( ,scroll ,=ms1 by ,w4 ,g4 ,spoon] #ea ,/udies ( ,plant ,=ms1 by ,w4 ,g4 ,spoon] #ec ,p5 ,draw+s1 by ,h4 ,a4 ,rigby #ee1 #eg ,cab9et1 design$ & decorat$ 9 ,gesso1 by ,j4 ,r4 ,%ea #ei ,gr\p ( ,pott]y1 design$ & execut$ by ! ,/ud5ts #fj ,wood ,c>v+1 by ,j4 ,r4 ,%ea #fa ,/a9$ ,glass ,panel1 design$ & execut$ by ,a4 ,kidd4 #fb ,frieze1 by ,james ,a4 ,/ev5son4 #fc ,page ( ,text1 writt5 by ,j4 ,p4 ,bl& #fe ,panel by ,v9c5t ,hill #fg ,w5twor? ,/reet1 ,:ite*apel #gi ,egyptian ,hi]oglyphics z a ,wall ,decoration 7,temple ( ,seti1 ,abydos7 #hi ,greek ,cylix 7,peleus & ,!tis7 #aje ,sket* = ,collective ,dwell+1 by ,lionel ,f4 ,crane #aaf ,plan ( ,collective ,dwell+1 by ,lionel ,f4 ,crane #aaf ,frescoes by ,=d ,madox ,br[n 9 ! ,t[n ,hall1 ,man*e/] #aah1 #aai ,view 9 ,b\rnville #abc ,cottages at ,b\rnville1 design$ by ,alex4 ,w4 ,h>vey #abc ,int]ior1 #a;a1 ,holl& ,p>k1 design$ by ,philip ,webb #aca ,ranwor? ,rood ,scre51 ,norfolk 7f ,draw+s by ,w4 ,t4 ,cleobury7 #acc1 #acd1 #ace1 #acg1 #ach1 #aci1 #ada1 #adc ,lucas van ,leyd51 8,! ,annunciation0 #ade ,c>paccio1 8,! ,dream ( ,/4 ,ursula0 #adg ,cottage 9 ! ,g>d5 ,city1 ,let*wor?1 ,h]ts1 design$ by ,lionel ,f4 ,crane #adi1 #aej1 #aea ,/oneywell ,cottage1 design$ by ,erne/ ,w4 ,gimson #aec1 #aee ,old ,engli% ,f>mh\se ,int]ior 7f a ,sket* by ,walt] ,crane7 #aeg ,combe ,bank1 ,sev5oaks1 ! ,saloon1 decorat$ by ,walt] ,crane #aei ,pr9t$ ,cretonne ,hang+s1 design$ by ,walt] ,crane #afj1 #afa ,wall-pap]s1 design$ by ,walt] ,crane #afc1 #afd1 #afe1 #afg1 #afh1 #afi ,greek ,drap]y 7,temple ( ,nike ,apt]os1 ,a!ns7 #agc ,types ( ,arti/ic ,dress #agg ,types ( ,*ildr5's ,dress #agi ,types ( ,work+ ,dress #aha ,hung>ian ,peasant ,co/umes #ahb1 #ahc ,a ,contra/4 ,mod]n & ,m$iaeval ,simplicity #ahg ,decoration ( ,we/m9/] ,bridge1 by ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,art 7f a ,col\r$ ,draw+ by ,g4 ,e4 ,krug]7 #aie ,sugge/ion = a ,tempor>y ,gateh\se at ,temple ,b>1 by ,walt] ,crane #aig ,tempor>y ,/reet ,decoration #aii1 #bja ,royal ,mantle f ! ,treasury ( ,bamb]g #bje ,*asuble f ! ,ca!dral ( ,anagni #bjf ,sicilian ,silk ,patt]ns 7,x,i,vth c5tury7 #bjg1 #bjh1 #bji1 #baj1 #baa1 #bab1 #bac1 #bad ,embroid]$ ,tab>d 9 ! ,ar*aeological ,museum at ,gh5t #bae ,details f ! ,embroid]$ ,tab>d #baf1 #bag1 #bah ,robe ( ,ri*>d ,,ii 7f ! picture at ,wilton ,h\se7 #bai ,! ,lions ( ,engl&1 design$ by ,walt] ,crane #bbj ,h]aldic ,lion1 design$ by ,walt] ,crane #bba ,! ,lions ( ,engl& 7f ! ,tomb ( ,william de ,val5ce1 ,e>l ( ,pembroke1 ,we/m9/] ,abbey7 #bbb ,eque/rian ,figure ) ,h]aldic ,trapp+s 7f ! ,tomb ( ,edmund ,cr\*back1 ,e>l ( ,lanca/]1 ,we/m9/] ,abbey7 #bbc ,b9d+ 9 black morocco1 ) ,m$allions & ,coat ( ,arms1 by ,?omas ,b]!let #bbg ,b9d+ 9 black morocco1 ) ,arms ( ,edw>d ,,vi1 by ,?omas ,b]!let #bbi ,b9d+ 9 /amp$ calf1 ) emblematical designs #bca ,b9d+ ( oak bo>ds cov]$ ) /amp$ calf1 by ,john ,reynes #bcc ,b9d+ 9 br[n calf1 inlaid1 by ! ,wotton ,b9d] #bce ,app>tam5ti ,borgia1 ,vatican1 %[+ ,p9turic*io's 8,salutation10 etc4 #bch ,detail f ,p9turic*io's 8,salutation10 ) enri*m5ts 9 ,gesso #bci ,pal]mo1 ,cappella ,reale 7f a ,wat]-col\r ,sket* by ,walt] ,crane7 #bda ,! ,d\ble ,cube ,room1 ,wilton ,h\se #bdc1 #bde ,me?od ( ,work+ ) ! ,bru% 9 ,gesso #bdi ,fill+ = ,picture ,frame 9 ,gesso ,duro1 design$ by ,walt] ,crane #bej ,design = a ,bell-pull1 modell$ 9 ,gesso1 by ,walt] ,crane #bea ,gesso ,panel1 design = ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild1 by ,walt] ,crane #bec ,! ,dance 7,frieze ,panel 9 ,gesso71 design$ by ,walt] ,crane #bed ,picture ,frame 9 ,oak ) ,gesso fill+1 design$ by ,walt] ,crane #bee ,treatm5t ( ,=m 9 ,gesso ,decoration1 by ,walt] ,crane #bef ,sy/em ( ,modell+ ) ! ,bru% 9 ,gesso #beg ,gesso ,decoration at #a;a1 ,holl& ,p>k1 by ,walt] ,crane1 ! woodwork by ,philip ,webb #beh1 #bei1 #bfj1 #bfa ,panel 9 ,gesso1 t9t$ ) lacqu]s & lu/re pa9t1 design$ by ,walt] ,crane #bfb ,panel 9 ,gesso1 t9t$ ) lacqu]1 design$ by ,walt] ,crane #bfc ,pictorial ,decoration 7,ducal ,palace1 ,v5ice7 #bga 8,love & ,dea?10 by ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 ,r4,a4 #bge 8,sir ,galahad10 by ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 ,r4,a4 #bgg 8,hope10 by ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 ,r4,a4 #bgi ,,ideals ,,9 ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,movem5t3 ,,its ,,g5]al ,,t5d5cy ,,& ,,possible ,,outcome ,x seems a /range ?+ t ! la/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5?--or :at ,i 0 go+ to call our ma*9e-made--c5tury %\ld be *>act]iz$ by a revival ( ! h&icrafts2 yet ( ! reality ( t revival !re c n[ be no mann] ( d\bt1 f :atev] po9t we date its beg9n+s1 or to :omsoev] we may trace its initiation4 ,inde$1 x seems to me t ! m we consid] ! *>act]i/ics ( diff]5t epo*s 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 or ( ! _w1 ! less we are able to isolate !m1 or to deal ) !m z ph5om5a by !mselves1 s relat$ !y seem to :at has gone be=e !m1 & to :at succe$s !m1 j z are ! p]sonalities associat$ ) !m2 & ,i d n ?9k ?is movem5t ( ours w prove any exception to ?is rule4 ,/&+ z we d on ! ?re%old ( a new c5tury--:i* s (t5 means a new epo* 9 hi/ory1 if n 9 art--x may1 p]haps1 be all[able to look back a bit1 z well z =w>d1 9 attempt+ a g5]al survey ( ! movem5t4 ,l a travell] :o has rea*$ a c]ta9 /age ( 8 j\rney1 we look back ov] ! region trav]s$1 los+ sight1 9 su* a wide prospect1 & 9 ! mi/s ( su* a f> di/ance1 ( _m turns 9 ! road1 & places by ! way1 :i* at "o "t seem$ important1 & only not+ "h & !re c]ta9 significant l&m>ks :i* decl>e ! way by :i* we h come4 ,to take a v rapid glance at ! phases ( decorative art ( ! pa/ c5tury1 we see mu* ( ! old life & traditions 9 art c>ri$ on f ! eighte5? c5tury into ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5?1 :5 ! h&icrafts 7 /ill ! *ief means 9 ! production ( ?+s ( use or beauty4 ,! luxuri\s excess ( ! lat] r5asc5ce =ms 9 decoration1 le>n$ f ,france & ,italy 7?\gh adopt$ 9 ?is c\ntry ) a c]ta9 res]ve71 correct$ by a mixture ( ,dut* homel9ess1 & lat] by ,fr5* empire translations ( ,greek & ,roman fa%ions 9 ornam5t1 (t5 atta9$ a c]ta9 elegance & *>m 9 ! gild$ /ucco mirror frames & pa9t$ furniture ( our ,reg5cy p]iod1 :i* replac$ ! m ref9$ jo9]y1 v5e]1 & inlaid "w ( ,*ipp5dale & 8 k9ds4 ,classical ta/e dom9at$ our ar*itecture1 /riv+ h>d to become dome/icat$1 b look+ *illy & col\rless 9 our ,engli% gray climate1 z if consci\s ( inadequate clo?+4 ,?is ,greco-,roman empire elegance gradually wore (f1 & turn$ to frigid pla9ness 9 dome/ic ar*itecture1 & to corpul5cy 9 furniture1 z ! middle ( ! c5tury 0 approa*$1 :5 ! old classical tradition 9 furniture1 h&$ on f ,*ipp5dale1 ,%]aton1 & ,hepple:ite1 seem$ to be sudd5ly brok5 into by wild fancies & fanta/ic attempts at naturalism 9 c>v+1 comb9$ ) a reckless curvature ( arms & legs support+ 7or support$ by7 spr+s & padd+4 ,draw+-rooms revell$ 9 ormolu & ,fr5* clocks1 va/ look+-glasses1 & ! heavy artill]y ( poli%$ mahogany pianos1 :ile ,b]l9-wool-"w & anti-macass>s 9 cro*et took possession ( any gr\nd n occupi$ by artificial fl[]s1 & o!r wond]s1 "u glass %ades4 ,! '#ea ,exhibition 0 ! apo!osis ( mid-n9ete5? c5tury ta/e1 or abs5ce ( ta/e1 p]haps4 ,! display ( indu/rial art & furniture !n1 to judge f illu/rat$ catalogues & j\rnals ( ! p]iod1 seem$ to indicate t ideas ( design & craftsman%ip 7 9 a /range /ate4 ,! new naturalism 0 beg9n+ to ass]t itself1 b g5]ally 9 ! wrong place1 & 9 all sorts ( unsuitable mat]ials4 ,^? 7 ! days :5 p m>vell$ at ! skill ( a sculptor :o repres5t$ a veil$ figure 9 m>ble s t y c\ld almo/ see ?r\gh ! veil6--b t 0 8,f9e ,art40 ,indu/rial art 0 9 a v diff]5t category1 yet x 0 influ5c$ by f9e art1 &1 g5]ally1 greatly to its disadvantage4 ,we _h vignett$ l&scapes ^u *9a & coalboxes1 = in/ance1 & ,l&se] pictures on he>?-rugs--& our p lov$ to h x s4 ,^! ?+s 7 done1 & m also1 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( trade1 :i* fl\ri%$ exce$+ly1 & no "o bo!r$ ab\t design4 ,if furniture & fitt+s 7 want$1 ! uphol/]] & ironmong] did ! re/4 ,yet 0 x n 9 ! 8fifties0 t ,alfr$ ,/ev5s made designs = iron grates8 s t !re mu/ h be5 "o arti/1 at any rate1 n above giv+ ?\ght to common ?+s4 ,design]s l ,alfr$ ,/ev5s1 & 8 foll[]s ,godfrey ,sykes & ,moody1 c]ta9ly repres5t$ 9 _! day a movem5t inspir$ *iefly by a /udy ( ! e>li] r5asc5ce1 & an hone/ desire to adapt its =ms to mod]n decoration4 ,_! "w1 ?\gh suff]+--l all orig9al "w--det]ioration at ! h&s ( imitators1 %[$ a se>* = /yle & boldness ( cont\r & l9e1 t\*$ ) a c]ta9 ref9$ naturalism :i* gives ! "w ( ,alfr$ ,/ev5s & 8 s*ool a v di/9ct place4 ,x 0 ma9ly a sculptor's & modell]'s movem5t1 & repres5t$ a r5asc5ce revival 9 mod]n ,engli% decorative art2 & ?r\gh ! "w ( ,godfrey ,sykes & ,moody1 9 association ) ! gov]nm5t s*ools ( art1 x _h a consid]able effect ^u ! art ( ! c\ntry4 ,b ,i ?9k _m & mix$ elem5ts contribut$ to ! *ange ( feel+ & fa%ion :i* came ab\t r lat]1 9 :i* p]haps may be trac$ ! influ5ce ( modes ( ?\ght express+ !mselves also 9 lit]ature & poetry1 z well z ! /udy ( diff]5t models 9 design4 ,illu/ration3 ,page f ,blake's 8,songs ( ,exp]i5ce0 ,illu/ration3 ,page f ,blake's 8,songs ( ,innoc5ce0 ,illu/ration3 ,wood ,engrav+s by ,edw>d ,calv]t ,! ,return ,home ,illu/ration3 ,ideal ,pa/oral ,life ,illu/ration3 ,! ,*amb] ,idyll ,illu/ration3 ,wood ,engrav+s by ,edw>d ,calv]t ,! ,flood ,illu/ration3 ,! ,lady & ! ,rooks ,illu/ration3 ,! ,brook ,"o _c =get t ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 7 illum9at$ by ! inspiration & cle>ness ( inn] vision 7 express$ 9 s individual a =m ) su* f]v\r ( poetic feel+ & social aspiration1 bo? 9 v]se & design1 9 ! books engrav$ & pr9t$ by himself :i* rema9 ! rem>kable monum5t ( 8 neglect$ g5ius4 ,illu/ration3 ,illu/rations to ,t5nyson 8,! ,ballad ( ,oriana40 ,by ,holman ,hunt ,! gr\p ( arti/s associat$ ) him1 too1 su* z ,edw>d ,calv]t & ,samuel ,palm]1 m>k$ an epo* 9 ,engli% poetic illu/ration1 associat$ ) wood engrav+ & pr9t+1 ( v di/9ct "* & beauty1 ! influ5ce ( :i* may be se5 at ! pres5t day 9 "s ( ! woodcuts ( ,mr4 ,/urge ,moore4 ,! m consci\s classical designs ( ,flaxman & ,/o?>d 7 cold]1 b graceful1 & m>k a p]iod f :i* we seem m widely sep>at$ ?an f o!rs m remote1 yet seem+ly ne>] 9 s5tim5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,illu/rations to ,t5nyson 8,! ,palace ( ,art40 ,by ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti ,q a diff]5t k9d ( s5tim5t 0 fo/]$ by ! writ+s ( ,scott ^u :i* s _m g5]ations h be5 f$1 b !y _h _! effect 9 keep+ alive ! s5se ( romance & int]e/ 9 ! life ( pa/ days1 /ill fur!r enlight5$ by ! rese>*es ( antiqu>ians1 & ! increas$ /udy ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & above all ( ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,all ^! mu/ be consid]$ z s _m tribut>y /reams to swell ! ma9 curr5t ( ?\ght & feel+ :i* c>ri$ u on to ! arti/ic revival ( our own times4 ,illu/ration3 ,illu/rations to ,t5nyson ,! ,bride 7f 8,! ,talk+ ,oak074 ,by ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,millais ,! poetry ( ,t5nyson1 ) its s5se ( col\r1 sympa?y ) art & nature1 & ! romance ( ! hi/oric pa/1 its ?or\ghly ,engli% feel+1 & its revival ( ! ,ar?urian ,leg5d1 & its association 79 ! ,moxon edition ( #aheg7 ) ! designs ( "s ( ! lead+ pre-,raphaelite pa9t]s mu/ be c\nt$ if n z a v /rong influ5ce ^u1 at lea/ z an evid5ce & an accompanim5t ( t movem5t4 ,! names ( ,=d ,madox ,br[n1 ( ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti1 ( ,william ,holman ,hunt1 at once sugge/ arti/s ( extraord9>y individuality1 rem>kable decorative in/9ct1 & c>efulness =1 & s*ol>ly k (1 beautiful & significant accessories ( life1 ( :i* all h n only giv5 evid5ce 9 _! own craft ( pa9t+1 b also z practical design]s4 ,! "n ( ano!r rem>kable arti/ mu/ be m5tion$1 t ( ,fr$]ick ,s&ys1 contempor>y ) ! pre-,raphaelites1 imbu$ ) _! _s1 & foll[+ _! me?ods ( "w4 ,a wond]ful draughtsman & p[]ful design]1 :o 9 all 8 "w %[s himself fully alive to beauty ( decorative design 9 ! complet5ess1 c>e1 & ta/e ) :i* ! accessories ( 8 pictures & designs are r5d]$4 ,8 p[]s ( design & draughtsman%ip are p]haps be/ %[n 9 ! illu/rations engrav$ on wood :i* appe>$ 9 8,once a ,week10 8,! ,cornhill ,magaz9e10 & else:]e1 :i* 7 %[n ) ! collections ( ! arti/'s "w at ! ,int]national ,society's la/ exhibition at ! ,new ,gall]y1 & at ! ,w9t] ,exhibition at ,burl+ton ,h\se 9 ! pres5t ye> 7#aije74 ,illu/ration3 ,manoli4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,s&ys ,f 8,! ,cornhill ,magaz9e0 ,9 "s qu>t]s x appe>s to be suppos$ t ! pre-,raphaelite movem5t consi/$ entirely ( ,rossetti1 & t to expla9 its developm5t y h only to add wat]--or c>icature4 ,x is extraord9>y to ?9k 9 :at uncritical positions pr(essional critics occasionally l& !mselves4 ,i _c und]/& h[ any c&id & fairly well-in=m$ p]son c fail to p]ceive t ! pre-,raphaelite movem5t 0 really a v complex movem5t1 conta9+ _m diff]5t elem5ts & ! g]ms ( diff]5t k9ds ( developm5t 9 art4 ,if x 0 primitive & ar*aic on "o side1 x 0 mod]n & reali/ic on ano!r1 & aga91 on ano!r1 romantic1 poetic1 & my/ic2 or aga91 :olly devot$ to ideals ( decorative beauty4 ,! v names ( ! orig9al memb]s ( ! bro!rhood1 to say no?+ ( lat] adh]5ts1 sugge/ v m>k$ diff]5ces ( temp]am5t & "*1 & ^! diff]5ces 7 reflect$ 9 _! art4 ,! /imulat+ writ+s ( ,rusk9 mu/ also be c\nt$ a factor 9 ! movem5t1 9 8 recognition ( ! fundam5tal importance ( beautiful & s9c]e ar*itecture & its relation to ! si/] arts3 9 8 en?usiasm = tru] ideals bo? 9 art & life3 9 ! ard5t love ( & /udy ( nature s con/antly1 s eloqu5tly express$ ?r\gh\t 8 works4 ,despite all controv]sial po9ts1 despite all contradictions--mi/akes ev5--,i ?9k t e "o :o has at any "t ( 8 life come "u ! influ5ce ( ,rusk9's writ+s mu/ ackn[l$ge ! nobility ( purpose & s9c]ity ( _s :i* animates !m ?r\gh\t4 ,x is ! fa%ion n[ 9 "s qu>t]s to und]value 8 influ5ce1 b at all ev5ts x 0 at its be/ a :olesome & /imulat+ influ5ce1 provocative ( ?\ght1 & no man mu/ be held acc\ntable = ! mi/akes or misapplications ( 8 foll[]s--! inevitable ,nemesis ( g5ius4 ,x 0 an influ5ce :i* c]ta9ly _h practical results 9 _m ways1 & n lea/ mu/ be c\nt$ its influ5ce ^u ! life1 op9ions & "w ( ! man to ^: work%op is commonly trac$ ! practical revival ( s9c]e design & h&icraft 9 mod]n ,engl&--,i ne$ h>dly say ,i mean ,william ,morris4 ,x is notable t at ! outset ! initiation ( t practical revival 0 due to a gr\p ( arti/s1 includ+ ! names already m5tion$1 & al?\gh 9 lat] days ! practical direction ( ! "w fell into ! h&s ( ,william ,morris1 ! fact t ! ent]prise _h ! sympa?y & support ( ! lead+ arti/s ( ! pre-,raphaelite ,s*ool mu/ n be =gott54 ,inde$1 x is said t ! initiative or fir/ practical proposal 9 ! matt] came f ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti1 & x mu/ be rememb]$ t orig9ally ! ma9 object ( ! firm 0 to supply _! own circle ) furniture & h\se decorations to suit _! own ta/es1 ?\gh ! op]ations 7 aft]w>ds ext5d$ to ! public ) extraord9>y success4 ,! "w1 too1 ( ! gr\p 0 /r5g!n$ on ! ar*itectural side by su* excell5t design]s z ,mr4 ,philip ,webb1 :o1 9 addition to ar*itectural & con/ructive "w ( all k9ds is rem>kable = ! =ce & feel+ ( 8 designs ( animals us$ 9 decorative s*emes1 bo? 9 ! flat & 9 relief4 ,! h>e & h\nd 9 ! frieze ( ! d9+-room at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum are e>ly works ( 81 z well z ! woodwork ( ! room4 ,! /udy ( m$iaeval art _h1 h[ev]1 be5 go+ on = _m ye>s be=e1 & books ( ! ta/e & complet5ess ( ^? ( ,h5ry ,%aw1 = in/ance1 _h be5 publi%$1 deal+ ) _m diff]5t prov9ces ( decorative art1 f alphabets to ar*itecture4 ,! well engrav$ & pr9t$ illu/rations ( ^! works af=d$ glimpses ev5 to ! un9itiat$ ( ! wond]ful ri*ness1 inv5tion & v>iety ( ! art ( ! ,middle ,ages--s long neglect$ & misund]/ood--:ile ! treasures ( ! ,briti% ,museum 9 ! priceless illum9at$ manuscripts ( ^? ages 7 op5 to ^? :o w\ld really "k :at m$iaeval book-craft 0 l4 ,!n1 too1 ! =mation ( ! unrivall$ collections at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 & ! opportunities !re giv5 = ! /udy ( v *oice & beautiful examples ( decorative art ( all k9ds1 especially ( m$iaeval ,italy & ( ! e>li] r5asc5ce1 play$ a v important "p bo? 9 ! education ( arti/s & ! public1 & help$ ) o!r causes to prep>e ! way = new or reviv$ ideas 9 design & craftsman%ip4 ,! movem5t w5t quietly on at fir/1 conf9$ almo/ exclusively to a limit$ circle ( arti/s or arti/ically-m9d$ p4 ,x grew "u ! %ad[ ( ! atroci\s ,franco-,briti% fa%ions ( ! sixties1 n[ 7or rec5tly7 s mu* admir$1 cr9ol9es & all1 9 "s qu>t]s1 because ,i suppose !y are s old-fa%ion$4 ,indep5d5t signs ( dissatisfaction ) curr5t modes1 h[ev]1 7 disc]nible "h & !re4 ,x 01 ,i ?9k1 ab\t ?is "t t ,mr4 ,*>les ,l4 ,ea/lake 7late ,keep] ( ! ,national ,gall]y7 :o 0 tra9$ z an ar*itect1 publi%$ a book call$ 8,h9ts on ,h\sehold ,ta/e10 9 :i* he says some:]e3 8,lo/ 9 ! contemplation ( palaces we h =gott5 to look ab\t u = a *air40 ,?is seem$ to indicate a reaction aga9/ ! exclusive att5tion !n giv5 to :at 7 call$ 8! ,f9e ,arts40 ,associations 7 =m$ = ! discussion ( arti/ic que/ions ( all k9ds1 & ,i m9d me ( a c]ta9 society ( art /ud5ts :i* us$ to meet 9 ! well-kn[n room at ,no4 #i1 ,conduit ,/reet1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* indicat$ t !re 7 ?\ght & movem5t 9 ! air among ! y\ng] g5]ation & new ideas 7 on ! w+1 _m ( !m c>ry+ ! g]ms ( important future developm5ts4 ,ev5 outside ,que5 ,squ>e !re 7 c]ta9 design]s ( furniture & surface decorations n :olly absorb$ by trade ideals1 :o ma9ta9$ a prec>i\s exi/5ce z decorative arti/s4 ,!re 7 ar*itects1 too1 ( su* di/9ction & "* z ,pug91 ,william ,burges1 & ,butt]field1 :o 7 fully alive to ! value ( m$iaeval art1 & 7 bold exp]im5t]s z well z s*ol>s & en?usia/s 9 _! revival ( ! use ( mural decoration 9 col\r4 ,mr4 ,norman ,%aw's "w1 :i* has s mu* influ5c$ ! new] ar*itectural aspects ( ,london1 comes lat]1 & is m di/9ctly & intimately relat$ to our movem5t1 :i* x may "h be said has ow$ mu* ( its /r5g? to its l>ge ar*itectural elem5t4 ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 build]s & decorators 9 ^? days1 b ! g5us 8decorative arti/0 0 a new species z di/9ct f ! pa9t] & pap]-hang]4 ,:ile ^!1 & ! hi/oric1 ! l&scape1 ! animal1 & g5re pa9t] _h _! exhibitions1 7 recogniz$1 & "s ( !m duly hon\r$ at times1 decorative arti/s & design]s may be said to h _h n[h]e to lay _! heads--9 ! arti/ic s5se--s !y laid _! heads toge!r6 ,! imm$iate outcome ( ?is sympa!tic c\nsel took ! =m ( fireside discussions by memb]s ( a society ( decorative arti/s f\nd$ by ,mr4 ,lewis ,f4 ,day1 /rictly limit$ 9 numb]1 call$ 8! ,fifte540 ,?is small society 0 9 c\rse ( "t sup]s$$1 or r absorb$1 by a l>g] body kn[n z ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild1 :i* conta9$ ar*itects1 pa9t]s1 design]s1 sculptors1 & craftsm5 ( all k9ds1 & grew & increas$ mightily2 x has s9ce ?r[n out a y\ng] bran* 9 ! ,junior ,art ,work]s' ,guild4 ,guilds1 or gr\ps ( associat$ work]s 7 also =m$ = ! practice & supply ( c]ta9 h&icrafts1 & societies l t ( ! ,home ,arts & ,indu/ries ,association organiz$ village classes 9 wood-c>v+1 pott]y1 metal-"w1 basket-mak+1 turn+1 sp9n+1 & weav+ l951 embroid]y1 & o!r crafts4 ,^! ef=ts1 mo/ly due to a b& ( en?usia/ic amateurs1 mu/ all be c\nt$1 if n always satisfactory 9 _! results1 yet z educational 9 _! effects1 & z creat+ a wid] public int]e/$ 9 ! h&icraft movem5t1 & !re=e z add+ impetus to t movem5t1 :i* 9 #ahhh--! ye> ( our own society's f\ndation--ev5 rose to ! height (--or ext5d$ to ! l5g? (--a 8,national ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,art 9 ,relation to ,indu/ry0 7su* 0 its title7 :i* actually held congresses 9 successive ye>s 9 ,liv]pool1 ,ed9burgh1 & ,birm+ham--z if !y 7 sci5ti/s or sect>ians4 ,memb]s ( our society 7 m or less connect$ ) ^! developm5ts4 ,all ?is "t we _h1 z we /ill h1 a ,royal ,academy ( ,arts4 ,b some:]e 9 ! e>ly eighties arose c]ta9 bold1 bad m5 :o--n satisfi$ ) an annual picture-%[ ( "s two ?\s& works or s1 always fre%--desir$ to see a national exhibition ( art :i* %\ld comprise n only pa9t+s1 sculpture1 & ar*itectural wat]-col\rs1 b "s repres5tation ( ! arts & h&icrafts ( design4 ,ano!r plank 9 ?is arti/ic plat=m 0 ! annual election ( a selection & hang+ committee out ( & by ! :ole body ( arti/s 9 ! k+dom4 ,?is movem5t attract$ a consid]able numb] ( adh]5ts1 l>gely among ! ris+ s*ool ( pa9t+1 until x 0 discov]$ t sev]al ( ! lead]s desir$ to belong to ! g>rison ( ! =tress !y propos$ to attack4 ,! ,arts & ,crafts section ( ?is movem5t1 mo/ly memb]s ( ! ,guild a=esaid1 see+ _! vision look hopeless 9 t direction1 !n )drew1 & =m$ !mselves into ! pres5t ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society1 ) p[] to add to _! numb]4 ,& ,i ?9k !y ga!r$ to !mselves all ! arti/s & craftsm5 ( /&+ :o 7 sympa!tic & will+ to subscribe to _! aims4 ,we may note "h t s9ce ! directors ( ! ,grosv5or ,gall]y 9 its ,w9t] ,exhibition ( #ahha arrang$ a collection ( designs = decoration1 includ+ c>toons = mosaic1 tape/ry1 & glass1 no attempt to %[ contempor>y "w ( ! k9d _h be5 made4 ,we 71 h[ev]1 b few at fir/1 & b few ( u widely kn[n1 & ) limit$ influ5ce4 ,william ,morris & ,burne-,jones did n jo9 u until we _h fairly organiz$ ourselves & def9$ our programme1 ?\gh _! works f ! fir/ h enri*$ our exhibitions4 ,! initial /eps 7 labori\s & difficult & ! process ( organization sl[1 ea* /ep be+ c>efully debat$4 ,suitable premises seem$ at "o "t impossible to procure1 ! dem&s ( an ord9>y picture-gall]y be+ by no means suit$ to ! mix$ displays ( an arts & crafts exhibition1 s little s1 inde$1 t x 0 propos$ to hire a l>ge old-fa%ion$ ,london mansion 9 ord] to gr\p our exhibits 9 bett] relation4 ,"t1 h[ev]1 seem$ to help u some:at1 z1 dur+ ! p]iod ( our =mation ! ,new ,gall]y 0 op5$--em]g+ 9 m>ble & gild+ f its :ilom du/y *rysalis z an ab&on$ meat m>ket--& "h1 9 ! autumn ( #ahhh1 z may be rememb]$1 support$ by a c\rage\s li/ ( gu>antors we op5$ our fir/ exhibition4 ,i ?9k we 7 fully consci\s t an exhibition is at ! be/ necess>ily a v imp]fect ?+1 & %\ld probably ev5 agree t x 0 a necess>y evil4 ,an exhibition ( su* v>i\s elem5ts z an arts & crafts %[ br+s toge!r has its own p>ticul> difficulties4 ,"o _c place fragm5t>y pieces ( decorative art 9 _! prop] relation1 & relation is ( ! ess5ce ( good decorative art4 ,we are driv5 to a sort ( compromise1 f9d+ practical difficulties 9 ! way ( logical sy/ems--su* z ! gr\p+ accord+ to k9d1 or ! gr\p+ accord+ to au?or%ip--& h resort$ to a mix$ me?od ) a view to ! be/ decorative ensemble ) ! mat]ials at h&--) ! result1 ,i fe>1 ( hurt+ ! feel+s ( ne>ly ev]ybody conc]n$--b t is ! common fate ( exhibition committees4 ,hav+ _h ! hon\r ( be+ presid5t dur+ ! fir/ ?ree ye>s ( ! society's exi/5ce ,i _h occasion to /ate its objects & pr9ciples z f> z ,i und]/ood !m1 & z ^! are set =? 9 our ,book ( ,essays x does n seem necess>y to repeat :at is !re writt51 b a %ort re-/atem5t ( ! *ief po9ts may n be out ( place "h4 ,we desir$ fir/ ( all to give opportunity to ! design] & craftsman to exhibit _! "w to ! public = its arti/ic int]e/ & ?us to ass]t ! claims ( decorative art & h&icraft to att5tion equally ) ! pa9t] ( easel pictures1 hi!rto almo/ exclusively associat$ ) ! t]m art 9 ! public m9d4 ,ignor+ ! artificial di/9ction betwe5 ,f9e & ,decorative art1 we felt t ! real di/9ction 0 :at we conceiv$ to be betwe5 good & bad art1 or false & true ta/e & me?ods 9 h&icraft1 consid]+ x ( little value to endeav\r to classify art accord+ to its comm]cial value or social importance1 :ile ev]y?+ dep5d$ ^u ! _s z well z ! skill & fidelity ) :i* ! conception 0 express$1 9 :atev] mat]ial1 see+ t a work] e>n$ ! title ( arti/ by ! sympa?y ) & treatm5t ( 8 mat]ial1 by due recognition ( its capacity1 & its natural limitations1 z well z ( ! relation ( ! "w to use & life4 ,we s\ght to trace back ornam5t to its organic s\rce 9 con/ructive necessity4 ,we ass]t$ ! pr9ciple t ! ,design] & ,craftsman %\ld be h& 9 h&1 & "w head ) h& 9 bo? cases1 s t m]e r$undancy ( +5i\s surface ornam5t on ! "o h&1 or me*anical +5uity 9 executive skill on ! o!r1 %\ld n be consid]$ z ends 9 !mselves1 b only z means to ends1 nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r be+ tol]able )\t controll+ ta/e4 ,b h[ assign arti/ic cr$it to nameless work]s8 ,"o c h>dly expect arti/ic judgem5t & di/9ction )\t arti/ic responsibility1 &1 accord+ to ! usual me?ods ( indu/rial exhibitions1 individual design]s & craftsm5 7 conceal$ "u ! g5]al designation ( a firm4 ,we !re=e ask$ = names ( responsible executants--^? :o _h contribut$ 9 any way to ! arti/ic "* ( ! "w4 ,?is seem$ a simple & obvi\s reque/1 b !re has probably be5 m difficulty ov] ?is "o po9t ?an ov] any o!r ( our programme4 ,b "h we enc\nt] ! %>p corn] ( an economic "q1 z is s (t5 ! case 9 pursu+ a "q ( pr9ciple 9 art--a "q t\*+ ! position & arti/ic fre$om ( ! workman4 ,a workman1 "o p]haps ( _m :o contribute to ! production ( a piece ( mod]n craftsman%ip1 is 9 ! h&s ( ! firm t exhibits ! "w4 ,x is to ! comm]cial int]e/ ( ! firm to be kn[n z ! produc] ( ! "w1 & x mu/ be !re=e out ( good nature or s5se ( fairness1 or desire to con=m to our conditions1 :5 ! "n ( ! actual workman is giv51 :o s long z he is 9 ! employ ( a firm is suppos$ to "w exclusively 9 t firm's int]e/4 ,compla9ts h be5 made t ! workman ^: "n is giv5 on an exhibit$ "w may be tempt$ away to "w = a rival firm1--an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ! work+ ( our sy/em ( comm]cial competition4 ,yet1 if a workman is wor?y ( 8 hire1 ! good craftsman is surely wor?y ( due p]sonal cr$it = 8 skill1 & if sup]ior skill has a t5d5cy to increase 9 m>ket value1 we ne$ n be surpris$1 ei!r z employ]s or private arti/s1 see+ t 9 ei!r case we %\ld consid] x fair to avail ourselves ( su* increase4 ,i ?9k ! "q mu/ be hone/ly fac$4 ,z x is1 ow+ to accid5ts1 int5tional omissions1 or inadv]t5cies1 our catalogu+ 9 ?is respect has n be5 s complete z "o c\ld wi%1 & we are necess>ily dep5d5t 9 respect to ^! p>ticul>s ^u our exhibitors4 ,our exhibition = ! fir/ ?ree ye>s 0 annual4 ,) ! election ( ,william ,morris z ,presid5t a *ange ( policy came 91 & x 0 consid]$ advisable to limit ourselves to tri5nial exhibitions4 ,?is 0 p>tly because ! organization ( a ye>ly exhibition put a consid]able /ra9 & responsibility ^u a volunt>y executive1 & consum$ a consid]able am\nt ( ! ?\ght & "t ( work+ arti/s2 p>tly also f ! consid]ation t m int]e/+ %[s w\ld result if held aft] a ?ree ye>s' int]val1 giv+ "t = ! production ( important "w4 ,x mu/ be said1 h[ev]1 t arti/ic production ( con/ructive & decorative "w 0 !n 9 few] h&s1 & x 0 impossible to =esee ! increase ( activity 9 ! arts & crafts1 or ! /eady support ( an int]e/$1 if comp>atively limit$1 public :i* we h enjoy$4 ,look+ back at ! g5]al "* ( our exhibitions1 x is int]e/+ to note c]ta9 l9es ( evolution 9 ! developm5t ( design & ! p]si/5ce ( c]ta9 types ( design4 ,n[ ev5 9 ! "w ( a s+le arti/1 ! "* ( 8 design is se5 to und]go _m *anges 9 ! c\rse ( 8 c>e]1 z he comes "u v>i\s diff]5t influ5ces4 ,"s are m1 "s are less v>iable1 b a man's y\?ful "w diff]s consid]ably f 8 mature "w1 z 8 lat] "w w aga9 diff] f 8 mature "w4 ,:ile !re is life !re mu/ be movem5t1 gr[?1 & *ange1 let u tie ourselves d[n z n>r[ly z we w4 ,b ev5 ap>t f ?is1 ! process ( evolution may be se5 & felt 9 ! conception & con/ruction ( a design be=e x f9ally leaves our h&s4 ,we get ! g]m ( an idea1 & 9 adapt+ x to its mat]ial & purpose x is necess>ily modifi$4 ,ev5 9 ! "* & quality ( its l9e & mass x is add$ to or tak5 away f 9 ob$i5ce to our s5se ( :at is fit & h>moni\s4 ,if1 !n1 ?is process takes place ) ! individual1 h[ mu* m ) _m individuals develop+ ei!r on "o l9e or _m8 ,h[ mu* m %all we disc]n ?is tr5d ( evolution 9 ! sum & mass ( "w aft] ! passage ( ye>s8 ,to ! sup]ficial obs]v] ! "w ( a gr\p ( m5 m or less 9 sympa?y 9 g5]al aim is apt to be labell$ all alike1 :]eas among t v gr\p we may disc]n t5d5cies & sympa?ies 9 reality mo/ div]se4 ,n[ x seems z reg>ds g5]al t5d5cies 9 design 9 our movem5t t1 aft] a p]iod ( a ri* & luxuriant developm5t ( ornam5t1 a c]ta9 reaction has tak5 place 9 fav\r ( simplicity & res]ve4 ,x is probably a p]fectly natural desire = repose aft] a p]iod ( excitem5t4 ,& ev5 :]e patt]n is us$ ! "* ( ! =m is mu* m re/rict$ & =mal z a rule4 ,!re is a t5d5cy to build ^u rectangul> or v]tical l9es & to all[ l>g] int]m$i>y spaces4 ,! same desire = sev]ity & simplicity 9 a m m>k$ degree is to be obs]v$ 9 furniture design & con/ruction4 ,9 fact1 ?r\gh\t all ! rec5t "w 9 ! l>g] k9ds ( decoration & craftsman%ip1 ?is aim at simplicity & sev]ity ( l9e & g5]al treatm5t is pron\nc$4 ,?is probably reflects ! same feel+ obs]vable 9 rec5t dome/ic ar*itecture1 :]e9 a se>* = proportion & /yle1 ) simplicity ( l9e & mass seem to influ5ce ! design]1 & an appropriate use ( mat]ials r ?an ornam5tal detail4 ,b 9 "o direction ri*ness & arti/ic fancy seems to h f\nd a new field1 & x is a prov9ce :i* 9 our e>li] exhibitions _h h>dly any repres5tation at all1 ,i mean jewell]y & gold & silv]smi?'s "w & ! art ( enamell+1 :i* %[ an extraord9>y developm5t1 & may be claim$ z a di/9ct & direct result ( ! new arti/ic impulse 9 ! h&icrafts4 ,9 ^! arts !re is obvi\sly v great scope = individuality ( treatm5t1 = inv5tion1 = fancy1 & ta/e4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #ahhg t1 at ! invitation ( ,mr4 ,arm/rong 7! !n ,director = ,art at ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t7 a ,fr5* arti/-craftsman 7! late ,m4 ,l\is ,dalpeyrat ( ,limoges#a7 gave a s]ies ( demon/rations 9 enamell+ at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton s*ools4 ,among ! b& ( int]e/$ /ud5ts 0 ,mr4 ,alex&] ,fi%]1 :o took up ! "w s]i\sly2 8 accompli%m5t is s well kn[n & s _m work]s 9 enamell+ owe _! fir/ in/ruction to him t he has be5 call$ ! fa!r ( ! rec5t ,engli% revival 9 ?is beautiful craft4 #a ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,arm/rong = "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s z to ?is4 ,x appe>s t ,m4 ,l\is ,dalpeyrat 0 employ$ to make copies ( "s ( ! pieces ( enamel 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 :i* he did v skilfully1 & ^! copies 7 us$ = circulation among prov9cial museums & s*ools ( art4 ,mr4 ,arm/rong obta9$ sanction = ,m4 ,dalpeyrat to give a s]ies ( demon/rations 9 enamell+ to a class ( twelve /ud5ts f ! ,national ,art ,tra9+ ,s*ool 7n[ ! ,royal ,college ( ,art71 & ^! 7 giv5 9 ! metallurgical laboratory 9 ! ,college ( ,sci5ce1 :]e ! plaques 7 fir$1 ,pr(4 ,rob]ts ,au/5 hav+ giv5 p]mission4 ,!re 0 no grant at t "t = te*nical in/ruction4 ,i v5tur$ to say on "s occasion 9 ! e>ly days ( our movem5t t 8,we mu/ turn our arti/s into craftsm51 & our craftsm5 into arti/s40 ,well1 c]ta9ly ! fir/ "p ( ! s5t5ce has be5 fulfill$ 9 a rem>kable way1 s9ce ! movem5t is *iefly notable = ! numb] ( arti/s :o h become craftsm5 9 a v>iety ( diff]5t mat]ials4 ,9 ! second1 trans=mation has n tak5 place to ! same ext5t1 :i* may1 p]haps1 be m or less acc\nt$ = by ! consid]ation ( ^? economic que/ions be=e spok5 (1 9 s f> z !y apply to ! workman4 ,z a rule ! workman has be5 specializ$ = a p>ticul> bran* ( "w1 or a p>ticul> subdivision ( a bran* ( workman%ip2 he seldom c acquire an all-r\nd k ( a craft1 & is seldom able to take a complete or arti/ic view ( 8 "w1 z a :ole1 z he nev] produces a complete :ole "u ! conditions ( ! mod]n work%op or factory4 ,!n1 too1 ,engli% workm5 h be5 tra9$ to look ^u me*anical p]fection & me*anical f9i% z ! ideal1 & x is impossible to set up a diff]5t ideal 9 a %ort "t4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 also1 t1 z a class1 ! mod]n workman is engag$ 9 a great economic /ruggle--an indu/rial w>1 q z real1 & (t5 z t]rible 9 its results z a milit>y "o--to raise 8 /&>d ( life1 or ev5 to ma9ta9 x amid ! fluctuations ( trade1 &1 z a rule1 he is n 9 a position to cultivate 8 ta/e 9 art4 ,let u hope t ! new s*ools ( design "u ! ,te*nical ,education ,bo>d w h _! effect1 z !y und\bt$ly (f] new & bett] practical opportunities to "y craftsm5 ?an h be5 available be=e4 ,su* s*ools z ! ,c5tral ,s*ool ( ,arts & ,crafts1 "u ! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil1 may be reg>d$ z a direct outcome ( ! movem5t1 & x is a rem>kable fact t its tea*]s are compos$ pr9cipally ( memb]s ( our society & committee1 to :om ! organization ( ! classes 0 due4 ,besides1 if ! arti/ has le>n$ ( ! craftsman1 !re mu/ be a good deal ( education go+ on quietly 9 ! /udios & work%ops ( ^? a=esaid arti/-craftsm51 :]e9 ! craftsman le>ns 9 8 turn ( ! arti/1 & "h aga9 mu/ spr+ good results4 ,s\nd traditions ( design & workman%ip %\ld be ( enorm\s help 9 />t+ /ud5ts on safe pa?s1 & prev5t+ t pa9ful process ( unle>n+ f :i* s _m e>ne/ /ud5ts & arti/s h suff]$ 9 our days4 ,su* traditions1 h[ev]1 %\ld nev] be all[$ to cry/allize or h9d] new ?\ght & fre$om ( inv5tion )9 ! limits ( ! mat]ial 9 :i* ! design] works1 = liv+ art exhibits a con/ant gr[? & evolution2 & ?\gh 9 "s cases ! process ( evolution 9 an arti/ic life may appe> to take r ! =m ( deg5]ation1 ! important ?+ is to pres]ve life ) its pr9ciple ( gr[?1 )\t los+ balance1 & above all1 s5se ( fitness & beauty4 ,if beauty & utility are our guides 9 all design & h&icraft1 we c h>dly g wrong4 ,if our design is organic bo? 9 itself & 9 its incorporation ) con/ructive necessity--if x1 spr++ out ( t necessity1 expresses ! joy ( ! arti/1 & is truly ! cr[n ( ! "w1 mak+ ! dumb mat]ial vocal ) expressive l9e & =m1 or col\r1 x mu/ at lea/ be a ?+ hav+ life1 "*1 s9c]ity1 & ^! are important elem5ts 9 ! expression ( new beauty4 ,along ) ! =mation ( discussion clubs & societies ( design]s & craftsm51 ! t5d5cy to =m ,guilds ( ,h&icraft1 :e!r !y are a new =m ( comm]cial ent]prise1 or consi/1 z !y frequ5tly d1 9 ! fir/ place1 ( a gr\p ( arti/s & craftsm5 9 g5u9e sympa?y work+ toge!r ) assi/ants1 mu/ be not$ z ano!r sign ( ! influ5ce ( ! movem5t2 z also ! influ5ce ( c]ta9 types ( design ^u ord9>y trade production4 ,x is ev5 ass]t$ t--,i quote f a trade j\rnal on a rec5t ,arts & ,crafts exhibition--8! arts & crafts movem5t has be5 ! be/ influ5ce ^u ma*9e indu/ry dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s0--t 8:ile we h s\ght to develop h&icrafts beside x on s\nd & indep5d5t l9es1 we h succe$$ 9 imp>t+ some?+ ( ! _s ( craftsman%ip to ! be/ k9d ( ma*9e-"w bridg+ ov] ! =m] gulf betwe5 ma*9]y & tools1 & quick5+ ma*9e-indu/ry ) a new s5se ( ! arti/ic possibilities t lie )9 its own prop] sph]e40 ,let u hope s1 inde$4 ,c]ta9ly we _c hope t ! _w1 j yet1 w beat its swords into pl\gh%>es1 or its spe>s into prun+-hooks1 /ill less t x w return to local indu/ry & h&icraft = all ! wants ( life1 or look solely to ! indep5d5t arti/ & craftsman to make its h\se beautiful4 ,! organiz$ factory & ! great ma*9e indu/ries w cont9ue to "w = ! million1 z well z = ! millionaire1 "u ! pres5t sy/em ( production2 b1 at any rate1 !y c be influ5c$ by ideas ( design1 & x mu/ be said t "s manufactur]s h %[n !mselves fully alive to ! value ( ! co-op]ation ( arti/s 9 ?is direction4 ,^? :o desire & c comm& ! p]sonal "w ( arti/s 9 design & h&icraft are n[ able to enli/ x1 & ?is dem& is likely to increase1 & !re=e indu/rial gr\ps or guilds ( ?is k9d may increase4 ,if su* gr\ps ( work]s1 or work]s 9 ! diff]5t h&icrafts c\ld by comb9ation 9 "s way /ill fur!r c\nt]act or control purely comm]cial production1 by rais+ c]ta9 /&>ds ( workman%ip & ta/e1 & 9 ! special bran*es ( h&icraft look aft] ! arti/ic int]e/s ( _! memb]s g5]ally1 _! p[] & influ5ce might be mu* ext5d$1 especially if su* guilds c\ld be 9 "s sort ( fri5dly relation1 s t !y c\ld on occasion act toge!r1 comb9+ _! =ces & res\rces1 = in/ance1 = special exhibitions1 or repres5tations1 su* z masques & pageants1 ( ! k9d rec5tly pres5t$ by ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild at ! ,guildhall ( ! ,city ( ,london4 ,su* %[s1 unit+ z !y d all k9ds ( design & craftsman%ip 9 ! embodim5t ( a lead+ idea1 are a =m ( arti/ic expression :i* may be reg>d$ z ! late/ outcome ( ! movem5t1 & may h a future be=e x4 ,i ?9k t by su* means1 at all ev5ts1 arti/ic life w\ld be greatly /imulat$1 & arti/ic aims & ideals bett] und]/ood--especially 9 _! relation to social life4 ,&1 surely1 art has a great social function1 ev5 ?\gh x may h no consci\s aim b its own p]fect+4 ,ev5 9 its mo/ individual =m x is a product ( ! community--( its age1 & x is always impossible to say h[ _m remote & mix$ elem5ts are comb9$ to =m t complex organism--an arti/ic temp]am5t4 ,e age looks eag]ly 9 ! glass :i* art & craftsman%ip hold up1 ev5 if x is only to f9d itself reflect$ !re4 ,b x n only seeks reflection1 x seeks expression--! expression ( its ?\ght & fancy1 z well z its s5se ( beauty1 & ! successful arti/ is he :o satisfies ?is se>*4 ,x seems1 too1 t e age1 probably ev5 ea* g5]ation1 has a diff]5t ideal ( beauty1 or t1 p]ceiv+ a diff]5t side ( beauty1 ea* successively ev] seeks "s new =m = its expression4 ,?is is ! movem5t ( gr[? & life1 ! sap ( ! new idea ris+ 9 ! spr+-"t ( y\? ?r\gh ! p>5t /em1 bur/+ into new bran*es & putt+ =? leaves2 ! gre5 h]b spr++ f ! dead leaves--! new ev] /riv+ ) ! old4 ,x is always possible = a society to n>r[ d[n1 or to wid54 ,x may consid] its true "w lies 9 ! exposition *iefly ( ! "w ( "o s*ool1 & w\ld be p]fectly ju/ifi$ 9 s ?9k+1 s long z t s*ool ma9ta9$ its vitality & p[] ( gr[?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x might det]m9e to h no prejudices on ! subject ( s*ool or /yle1 b welcome all good "w aft] its k9d4 ,su* po9ts are l>gely controll$ by consid]ations ( available space & det]m9ation ( scope1 & are usually settl$ by ! effective /r5g? ( ! view :i* has ! majority4 ,!re might ev5 be some?+ to be said1 giv5 unlimit$ space1 & security aga9/ f9ancial loss1 = plac+ e "w s5t 9 to su* exhibitions1 b keep+ ! select$ "w 9 a di/9ct section4 8,"h10 we might say1 8is ! mat]ial we _h to deal )1 & "h is our selection10 & s make ! exhibition an op5 c\rt ( appeal4 ,^! are que/ions = ! future4 ,we h1 z a society1 ev5 9 our comp>atively %ort life1 liv$ long en\gh to see great gaps 9 ! ranks ( ,engli% design4 ,great names1 great lead]s h pass$ f ! roll ( our memb]%ip1 b n _! memory1 or ! effect & value ( _! "w4 ,we are left to c>ry on ! tw9-lamp ( ,design & ,h&icraft z be/ we may4 ,if we be> t lamp ) /eady h&s1 fully alive to ! necessity ( cont9ual life & fre$om ( movem5t 9 art1 :ile consci\s ( ! value ( pres]v+ c]ta9 hi/oric traditions1 f\nd$ ^u real arti/ic exp]i5ces1 & ! necessities ( mat]ial & use1 we may yet1 ,i hope1 be ( s]vice 9 our exhibition & o!r "w1 if we succe$ 9 compreh5d+ )9 our memb]%ip ! be/ elem5ts ( bo? new & old1 9 ma9ta9+ ! highe/ /&>d ( ta/e & workman%ip1 & 9 plac+1 s f> z we are able1 ! be/ aft] its k9d1 9 our hone/ op9ion1 be=e ! public4 ,,( ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,art ,! tea*+ ( ,art6 ,well1 to beg9 )1 y _c tea* x4 ,y c tea* c]ta9 me?ods ( draw+ & pa9t+1 c>v+1 modell+1 con/ruction1 :at n--y c tea* ! words1 y c tea* ! logic & pr9ciples1 b y _c give ! p[] ( orig9al ?\ght & expression 9 !m4 ,( c\rse a man's ideas on ! subject ( tea*+ necess>ily dep5d ^u 8 g5]al views ( ! purport & scope ( art4 ,is ,art 7#a7 a m]e imitative impulse--a record ( ! sup]ficial facts & phases ( nature 9 a p>ticul> m$ium8 or1 is x 7#b7 ! mo/ subtle & expressive ( languages1 tak+ all mann] ( ri* & v>i$ =ms 9 all sorts ( mat]ials1 "u ! p>am\nt impulse ( ! selective se>* = beauty8 ,naturally1 our answ] to ! "q :at %\ld be taught1 & h[ to tea* x dep5ds ^u our answ] to ^! que/ions4 ,b ! great] includes ! less1 &1 ?\gh "o may be biass$ by ! second def9ition giv5 above1 x does n foll[ t ! fir/ may n h its due place 9 a c\rse ( /udy4 ,! "q1 !n1 really is1 :at is ! mo/ helpful c\rse ( /udy t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( t desirable facility ( workman%ip1 t cultivation ( ! natural p]ception1 feel+1 & judgem5t 9 ! use ( ^? elem5ts & mat]ials 9 _! ultimate expression & realization ( beauty8 ,& "h we h to /op aga9 on our road1 & ask :at is ?is quality ( beauty1 & :5ce does x come8 ,)\t exactly attempt+ a f9al or philosophical acc\nt ( x1 we may call x an outcome & effloresc5ce ( ! delight 9 life "u happy conditions4 ,! hi/ory ( art & nature %[s its evolution 9 ev] v>y+ degree & =m1 con/antly affect$ by ext]nal conditions1 & modifi$ by place & circum/ance1 foll[+1 9 ! developm5t ( ! s5sibility to ideas & impressions ( beauty1 ?r\gh ! ref9em5t ( ! s5ses & ! intellect1 mu* ! same c\rse z ! developm5t ( man himself z a social & reflective animal4 ,z we _c see col\r )\t light1 nei!r c we expect s5sibility to beauty to gr[ up naturally amid sordid & depress+ surr\nd+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,pa9t+ ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,g]ald ,moira ,sket* = ,figure ,composition4 8,fr$]igo ,b>b>ossa40 ,by ,lancelot ,crane1 ,a4,r4,c4,a4 ,to beg9 )1 !n1 be=e we c h art we mu/ h s5sibility to beauty1 & be=e we c h ei!r we mu/ h conditions :i* fav\r _! exi/5ce & gr[?4 ,we mu/ h an atmosph]e4 ,a condition ( life :]e !y come naturally1 ) ! col\rs ( ! dawn & ! sunset2 :]e ! common occupations are n too burd5some1 & ! anxiety = a liv+ n too great to leave any surplus en]gy or leisure = ?\ght & creative impulse2 :]e ! c>es ( an empty life1 & ! deceitfulness ( ri*es d n *oke !m2 :]e art has n to /ruggle1 z = v life1 = e brea? x draws1 & ask itself ! :y & :]e=e ( its exi/5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,pa9t+ & ,life ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,moira ,"t ,/udy4 ,by ,h4 ,p>r ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,pa9t+ & ,life ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,moira ,"t ,/udies ( ,figures 9 ,action4 ,by ,h4 ,p>r ,= art is n an indep5d5t accid5tal unrelat$ ph5om5on1 b is ! result1 z we f9d x 9 its v>i\s manife/ations1 ( long ages ( gr[?1 & co-op]ative tradition & sympa?y4 ,seek+ beautiful art1 organic & relat$ 9 all its p>ts1 we turn naturally to places & p]iods ( hi/ory :i* are ! culm9at+ po9ts 9 su* a gr[?4 ,to ,a!ns 9 ! ,phidian age1 = in/ance2 to almo/ any ,european city 9 ! ,middle ,ages2 to "o ( our own village *ur*es1 ev51 :]e ! n9ete5?-c5tury re/or] has n be52 to ,v5ice or ,flor5ce 9 ! e>ly r5asc5ce1 r ?an to mod]n ,london or ,p>is4 ,b ev5 limit+ ourselves to our own day we h got to expect f> m f ! man :o has work$ f 8 y\? up 9 :at we call 8an atmosph]e ( art10 ev5 if x is only t ( ! mod]n pa9t]'s /udio1 ?an f a mill h&1 say1 tra9$ to "s "o special function1 p]haps1 9 "s process ( ma*9e indu/ry1 ^: life is sp5t 9 monoton\s toil & ^: daily vision is b\nd$ by *imney-pots & back-y>ds4 ,a p9* ( ! salt ( art & culture at measur$ int]vals1 w nev] c\nt]act ! adv]se & m prom95t influ5ce ( ! daily1 h\rly surr\nd+s on ! eye & m9d4 ,x is hopeless if "o h\r ( life's day says 8yes10 if all ! o!r tw5ty-?ree say 8no0 cont9ually4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,pa9t+ & ,life ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,moira ,"t ,/udies ( ,figures 9 ,action ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,ar*itectural ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,b]es=d ,pite ,,design ,,= ,a ,,*ur* ,,^u ,a ,,deta*$ ,,site ,illu/ration3 ,design & ,plan ( a ,dom$ ,*ur*4 ,by ,a4 ,e4 ,m>t9 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,le?aby ,design = ,tape/ry4 ,by ,e4 ,w4 ,tri/ram ,our fundam5tal requirem5ts !n1 are a sympa!tic atmosph]e1 a fav\rable soil & climate = ! rais+ ( ! se$ ( art 9 its fulle/ s5se2 :i* means1 practically1 a reasonable human life1 ) fair play = ! ideas & s5ses1 & good = ! drama ( ! eye4 ,to h[ _m is ?is n[ possible8 ,grant+ ?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld g a long way t[>ds solv+ ! next problem--,:at to tea*8 = we %\ld !n f9d t art 0 n sep>able f life4 ,*ildr5 are nev] at a loss :at to le>n1 or :at to tea* !mselves1 :5 !y see any mann] ( int]e/+ "w go+ on & h access to tools & mat]ials4 ,!y ga!r at ! door ( ! village blacksmi?1 or at ! easel ( ! wayside pa9t]4 ,demon/ration is ! "o ?+ ne$$--demon/ration1 demon/ration1 always demon/ration4 ,?is is1 p]haps1 at ! bottom ( ! pres5t /rong det]m9ation to ,fr5* modes on ! "p ( our y\ng] pa9t]s4 ,y c le>n ?is "p ( ! pa9t+ bus9ess because y c see x done4 ,y c\ld le>n any craft if y saw x done1 & _h ord9>y aptitude4 ,b x does n foll[ t !re is no art b pa9t+1 & t impressionism is its prophet4 ,x might be said almo/ t ! mod]n cab9et or competitive gall]y picture1 unrelat$ to any?+ b itself1 & n always t1 has de/roy$ pa9t+ z an art ( design4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,le?aby ,design = ,embroid]y4 ,by ,miss ,l4 ,m4 ,dunkley ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,le?aby ,museum ,/udies 9 ,embroid]y4 ,by ,miss ,l4 ,m4 ,dunkley ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,le?aby ,%eet ( ,h]aldic ,/udies4 ,by ,miss ,c4 ,m4 ,lacey ,i w\ld1 !re=e1 r beg9 ) ! con/ructive1 & adaptive1 side ( art4 ,let a /ud5t beg9 by "s k ( ar*itectural con/ruction & =m4 ,let him ?or\ghly und]/& ! connection1 bo? hi/oric & arti/ic1 betwe5 art & ar*itecture4 ,let him become ?or\ghly imbu$ ) a s5se ( ! ess5tial unity ( art1 & n1 z is n[ s (t5 ! case1 be taught to practise "s p>ticul> te*nical trick1 or mean+less elaboration2 or be l$ to suppose t ! :ole object ( 8 /udies is to draw or pa9t any or e object f ! pictorial po9t ( view exclusively4 ,let ! two sides ( art be cle>ly & emphatically put be=e him1 :i* may be di/+ui%$ broadly z3 7#a7 ,aspect1 or ! imitative2 7#b7 ,adaptation1 or ! imag9ative4 ,let ! /ud5t see t x is "o ?+ to be able to make an accurate pres5tm5t ( a figure1 or any object1 9 its prop] light & %ade & relief 9 relation to its backgr\nd & surr\nd+s2 & q ano!r to express !m 9 outl9e1 or to make !m into organic pieces ( decoration to fit a giv5 space4 ,!n1 aga91 he %\ld p]ceive h[ ! v>i\s m$ia & mat]ials ( workman%ip naturally det]m9e ! "* & treatm5t ( 8 design1 :ile leav+ ample range = individual *oice & treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,le?aby ,/udies 9 ,c\nt]*ange4 ,by ,w4 ,g4 ,spoon] ,! con/ructive & creative capacity may exi/ 9 a high degree )\t any correspond+ p[] ( draw+ 9 ! pictorial s5se1 & consid]able pr(ici5cy 9 "s ( ! simpl] =ms ( v>i\s h&icrafts1 su* z ornam5tal modell+ 9 relief1 wood-c>v+1 & rep\ss "w1 is q possible ( atta9m5t by q "y p2 :]eas ! p]ception ( c]ta9 subtleties 9 pictorial me?ods ( repres5tation1 su* z p]spective1 planes1 & values1 & ! highly selective s5se :i* deals ) !m are matt]s ( matur$ m5tal p]ception1 z well z te*nical exp]i5ce & practical skill4 ,! same is true z to p[] ( design4 ,x is a "q ( gr[?4 ,s t !re are natural reasons = a prim>y tra9+ 9 "s =ms ( h&icraft1 :i*1 :ile af=d+ ! same scope = arti/ic feel+1 pres5t simpl] problems 9 design & workman%ip1 & give a tangible & sub/antial f\ndation to />t )4 ,9 ?us giv+ ! fir/ places 9 a c\rse ( /udy 9 art to ar*itecture1 decorative design1 & h&icraft we are only foll[+ ! hi/oric ord] ( _! progress & developm5t4 ,:5 ! arts ( ! ,middle ,ages culm9at$ 9 ! "w ( ! great pa9t]s ( ! e>li] ,r5asc5ce1 _! "w %[$ h[ mu* m ?an mak]s ( easel pictures !y 71 s t a picture1 ap>t f its c5tral int]e/ & purpose 0 (t5 a ri*ly illu/rat$ hi/ory ( contempor>y design 9 su* ?+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,le?aby ,/udies ( ,scroll ,=ms4 ,by ,w4 ,g4 ,spoon] ,n[1 my cont5tion is1 t :]eas a purely pictorial tra9+1 or su* a tra9+ z is n[ giv5 ) t view1 :ile x (t5 fails to be ( mu* s]vice 9 enabl+ a /ud5t to pa9t a picture1 unfits him = o!r fields ( art q z important1 & leaves him be=e ! simple/ problem ( design helpless & ignorant2 :ile a tra9+ 9 appli$ design1 ) all ! =e?\ght1 s5se ( beauty & fitness1 +5uity & inv5tion x w\ld t5d to call =?1 w\ld n only be a good practical education 9 itself1 b w\ld enorm\sly /r5g!n ! /ud5t = pictorial "w1 especially z reg>ds design & ! value ( l9e1 :ile he w\ld get a cle> appreh5sion ( ! limitations ( diff]5t k9ds ( art1 & _! analogies4 ,9 /udy+ =m1 if we model z well z draw1 we enorm\sly increase our grasp & und]/&+ ( x1 & s x is z reg>ds art g5]ally t /udies 9 e direction w be f\nd to be> ^u & /r5g!n u 9 our ma9 direction4 ,i %\ld1 !re=e1 endeav\r to tea* relatively--to tea* ev]y?+ 9 relation n only to itself1 b to its surr\nd+s & conditions2 design 9 relation to its mat]ials & purpose2 ! draw+ ( =m 9 relation to o!r =ms2 ! logic ( l9e2 pictorial col\r & values 9 relation to nature b controll$ by pictorial fitness4 ,! ord9>y practice ( draw+ & /udy f ! human figure--! ,alpha & ,omega ( all /udy 9 art--does n seem suffici5tly alive to ! help t may be ga9$ by comp>ative anatomy4 ,we %\ld /udy ! figure1 n only 9 itself & = itself1 b 9 relation to ! =ms ( o!r animals1 & draw ! analog\s p>ts & /ructures1 side by side1 n f ! anatomi/'s po9t ( view b ! arti/'s4 ,we %\ld /udy !m 9 life & action no less4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,le?aby ,/udies ( ,plant ,=m4 ,by ,w4 ,g4 ,spoon] ,n[ a ^w z reg>ds action4 ,we h be5 rec5tly told t arti/s h be5 fools s9ce ! _w began 9 _! mann] ( depict+ ! action ( animals1 or r animals 9 action1 b x 0 by a g5tleman :o 7?\gh ,i fully ackn[l$ge ! value & int]e/ ( ,mr4 ,muybridge's /udies & discov]ies7 did n appe> to h di/+ui%$ betwe5 mom5ts ( arre/$ action1 & ! action repres5t$1 :i* is ! sum ( ^? mom5ts4 ,in/antane\s photographs ( animals 9 action w tell y :]eab\ts _! legs are f\nd at a giv5 mom5t1 b x is only :5 !y are put 9 a consecutive s]ies1 & turn$ on ! inside ( a horizontal :eel be=e ! eye t !y repres5t action1 & !n x is illusion1 n art4 ,n[ ! arti/ has to repres5t or to sugge/ action )\t actual movem5t ( any k9d1 & he has g5]ally succe$$ n by arre/+ ! lit]al action ( ! mom5t1 b by giv+ ! sum ( consecutive mom5ts1 mu* z ! :eel does1 b )\t ! illusory trick4 ,8 bus9ess is to repres5t1 n to imitate4 ,art aft] all is n sci5ce or analysis1 or we might expect fidelity to ! microscope on ! "p ( our pa9t]s & draughtsm54 ,until we all g ab\t ) photographic l5ses 9 our heads in/ead ( eyes1 ) dry plates or films in/ead ( ret9as1 we %all1 ,i fancy1 /ill be int]e/$ 9 :at arti/s h to say to u ab\t nature & _! own m9ds1 :e!r in/antane\s impressions1 or ! long result ( ye>s4 ,?is is only "o ( ! _m que/ions :i* rise up at e /ep 9 ! /udy ( art1 & ,i "k ( no sy/em ( tea*+ :i* adequately deals ) !m4 ,no d\bt our sy/ems ( tea*+ or attempt+ to tea* art want con/ant ov]haul+1 l mo/ o!r sy/ems4 ,:5 we are ov]haul+ ! sy/em ( life itself1 x is n wond]ful4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,le?aby ,p5 ,draw+4 ,by ,h4 ,a4 ,rigby ,i d n1 ( c\rse1 believe 9 any ca/-iron sy/em ( education f any po9t ( view4 ,x mu/ be v>i$ accord+ to individual wants & capacities4 ,x mu/ be made p]sonal & int]e/+ or x is ( little good2 & no sy/em1 h[ev] effici5t1 w manufacture arti/s 9 any?+3 any m ?an ! mo/ brilliant tal5ts w d away ) ! necessity ( passionate devotion to "w1 c>eful ?\ght1 close obs]vation & con/ant practice :i* produce t rapid & intimate sympa?y ( eye & h&1 & make !m ! responsive & delicate int]pret]s ( t selective & imag9ative impulse :i* results 9 ,art4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,le?aby ,p5 ,draw+4 ,by ,h4 ,a4 ,rigby ,,( ,,me?ods ,,( ,,art ,,tea*+ ,me?ods ( tea*+ 9 art are1 ,i take x1 l mo/ o!r human me?ods1 ( /rictly relative value1 dep5d+ at all times l>gely ^u ! curr5t conception ( ! aims1 purpose1 & prov9ce ( art4 ,z ?is conception necess>ily alt]s f "t to "t1 influ5c$ by all sorts ( subtle *anges 9 ! social organism 7manife/+ !mselves 9 :at we call ,ta/e71 z well z by fundam5tal economic conditions1 s ! ideas ( :at are ! true me?ods 9 art tea*+ *ange also4 ,naturally 9 a "t :5 scepticism is s pr(\nd z to rea* ! tem]ity ( ask+ su* a "q z 8,:at is art80 !re ne$ be no p]ceptible %ock :5 inquiries are in/itut$ z to ! be/ me?ods ( art tea*+4 ,z important witnesses 9 ! great case ( ! position ( art 9 g5]al education1 or comm]cial int]e/s v4 ! expansion ( ! human m9d & ! pleasure ( life--me?ods ( art tea*+ h to be put 9 ! box4 ,:at d !y say8 ,well1 h we n ! good old 7s-call$7 ,academic me?ods always ) u8 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool ,craft ,classes1 ,gesso1 "u ,mr4 ,g4 ,jack ,cab9et design$ & decorat$ 9 ,gesso4 ,by ,j4 ,r4 ,%ea ,! /udy ( ! antique by means ( %ad$ draw+s1 /ump$ or /ippl$ 8up to ! n9es0 7if n fur!r71 lead+ on to equally elaborate life-/udies1 :i* someh[ are expect$ to roll ! impressions ( eight1 t51 or m sitt+s into "o entirety--& wond]fully x is done1 too1 sometimes4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool ,craft ,classes1 ,pott]y "u ,mr4 ,lunn ,gr\p ( ,pott]y design$ & execut$ by ! ,/ud5ts ,are we n l$ to ^! triumphs ?r\gh ! w9some defiles ( freeh& & %ad$ draw+ f ! ca/1 p]haps accompani$ by *e]ful model draw+1 p]spective puzzles1 & anatomical dissections1 & draw+s ( ! human skeleton se5 ?r\gh antique figures1 :i* seem to anticipate ! ,rntg5 rays8 8,! prop] /udy ( mank9d is man10 b accord+ to ! ,academic sy/em x is practically ! only /udy--/udy ( ! human frame & =m isolat$ f ev]y?+ else4 ,no d\bt su* isolation1 !oretically at lea/1 conc5trates ! att5tion ^u ! mo/ difficult & subtle ( all liv+ organisms2 b ! practical "q is1 d ^! elaborate & m or less artificial /udies really give ! /ud5t a true grasp ( =m & con/ruction8 ,are !y n too mu* practically tak5 z /ill-life /udies1 & approa*$ r 9 ! imitative _s8 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool ,craft ,classes1 ,wood-,c>v+1 "u ,mr4 ,g4 ,jack ,wood-,c>v+ by ,j4 ,r4 ,%ea ,!n1 aga91 su* /udies are set & pursu$ r ) ! view to equipp+ ! /ud5t ) ! necess>y k ( a figure pa9t]4 ,!y are int5d$ to prep>e him = pa9t+ any?+ or ev]y?+ 7& g5]ally1 n[1 any?+ b some?+ classical7 t c be compreh5d$ or classifi$ z 8an easel picture0--t is to say1 a "w ( art n necess>ily relat$ to any?+ else4 ,x is some?+ to be exhibit$ 7:ile fre%7 9 ! op5 m>ket ) o!rs ( a l 7or dis-l7 nature1 &1 if possible1 to be pur*as$ & hung 9 a gall]y1 or 9 ! m or less d>kness ( ! private dwell+--8to give light unto !m t are 9 ! h\se40 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool ,craft ,classes1 ,/a9$ ,glass1 "u ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,:all ,panel design$ & execut$ by ,a4 ,kidd ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,modell+ ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,lant]i4 ,frieze by ,j4 ,a4 ,/ev5son ,works ( sculpture 7or modell+ z %e is g5]ally practis$7 may n f>e any bett] 7privately7 9 ! end1 :5 "o rememb]s ! bu/s plac$ back to ! w9d[s1 or ! m>ble /atue =c$ to an unnatural :it5ess by purple velvet hang+s--b1 c]ta9ly1 ! me?ods ( tea*+ seem m 9 relation to ! results4 ,to beg9 )1 a sculptor's or modell]'s figure 7unless a decorative gr\p or an ar*itectural ornam5t7 is isolat$ & has no backgr\nd2 & x is und\bt$ly a sev]e te/ ( skill & k to model a figure 9 clay 9 ! r\nd f ! life4 ,"s are ( ! op9ion t x is m difficult to model p]fectly a basso-relievo1 b !re is no end to ! "w 9 ! r\nd4 ,i am really incl9$ to ?9k t ev] s9ce ! ,italian ,r5asc5ce ! sculptor's & modell]'s art & aims h dom9at$ me?ods ( art tea*+ g5]ally1 & h be5 *iefly responsible = :at ,i h t]m$ ! ,academic me?od1 :i* seems ma9ly address$ to ! imitation ( solid bodies 9 full relief1 or projection 9 light & %ade on a plane surface1 :i* me?od inde$ 9 pa9t+1 at lea/1 is q oppos$ to ! :ole feel+ & aim ( ,decorative art4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,design ,s*ool1 ,in/ructor 9 ,lett]+ ,mr4 ,johnson ,page ( ,text1 writt5 by ,j4 ,p4 ,bl& ,9 ar*itecture1 on ! classical & ,academic me?od1 ! "y /ud5t is put ?r\gh ! five ord]s1 & is expect$ to ma/] _! subtle proportions be=e he c appreciate _! arti/ic value1 & ) b a remote *ance ( mak+ su* k ( practical value1 9 a c\ntry & climate to :i* su* ar*itectural features are g5]ally unsuitable4 ,our me?ods ( art tea*+ h sail$ along 9 ?is /ately way f "t immemorial4 ,does n ,burl+ton ,h\se /& :]e x did8 ,at all ev5ts a new _s is abroad1 s9ce ! arts & h&icrafts ( design h ass]t$ !mselves4 ,me?ods ( art tea*+ 9 relation to ^! mu/ at any rate be def9ite en\gh4 ,ea* craft pres5ts its own conditions & !y mu/ be sign$1 seal$1 & deliv]$ at ! gate1 be=e any triumph or fe/ival is celebrat$ )94 ,su* conditions c be at lea/ compreh5d$ & demon/rat$2 mat]ials c be practis$ ) & und]/ood1 & ev5 if inv5tion 9 design c nev] be taught1 on ! negative side !re are c]ta9 guides & f+]-po/s t may at lea/ prev5t lapses ( ta/e1 & loss ( "t4 ,! design] may le>n :at diff]5t means are at 8 disposal = ! expression ( l9e & =m2 = ! col\r & beauty ( nature1 recreat$ 9 ! transluc5t glass or preci\s enamel1 or speak+ ?r\gh ! graphic pr9t$ l9e or col\r ( ! wood-block--eloqu5t 9 a ?\s& ways by means ( foll[+ ! laws ( c]ta9 mat]ials 9 z _m diff]5t arts4 ,:at are ! qualities dem&$ ( a design] 9 su* arts8 quickness ( inv5tion & h&1 p[] ( direct def9ition ( =m4 ,! expressive use ( firm l9es2 s5sitive appreciation ( ! value ( silh\ett$ =m1 & ! relief & effect ( col\rs "o ^u ano!r2 p]ception ( life & movem5t2 k ( ! gr[? & /ructure ( plants2 s5se ( ! relation ( ! human =m to geometric spaces1 & p[] ov] its ab/ract treatm5t1 z well z ov] ! =ms ( ! f[ls ( ! air & bea/s ( ! field4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,college ( ,art3 ,modell+ ,s*ool "u ,pr(4 ,lant]i ,panel by ,v9c5t ,hill ,?is is a glimpse ( ! vi/a ( ! possibilities ( tea*+ me?ods op5$ up by ! arts ( design1 & 9 s f> z ^? arts are und]/ood & practis$ & s\ght aft] z important & necess>y to ! completion ( a h>moni\s & ref9$ life1 s w our me?ods ( art in/ruction h to adapt !mselves to meet ^? new old dem&s4 ,,note ,,on ,,tol/oi',s 8,,:at ,,is ,,art80 ,c\nt ,tol/oi's book is1 = ! mo/ "p1 a v fi]ce & tr5*ant attack ^u mod]n1 z well z "s anci5t art1 f ! po9t ( view ( a social re=m] & an ascetic & iconocla/ic zealot4 ,9 a true ,*ri/ian _s he d5\nces ne>ly ev]ybody & ev]y?+1 & inde$1 metaphorically speak+1 & to 8 own satisfaction at lea/1 fir/ sacks & burns ! h\ses ( ! ae/hetic philosoph]s f ,baumg>t5 to ,grant ,all51 fl++ _! v>i\s def9itions ( beauty to ! w9ds2 & he proce$s to make a bonfire ( ! mo/ em95t names & works1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 & includ+ ,sophocles1 ,euripides1 s*ylus1 ,ari/ophanes1 ,dante1 ,tasso1 ,milton1 ,%akespe>e2 ,raphael1 ,mi*ael ,angelo's 8,la/ ,judgem5t10 p>ts ( ,ba* & ,bee?ov52 ,ibs51 ,maet]l9ck1 ,v]la9e1 ,mall>m1 ,puvis de ,*avannes1 ,kl+]1 ,bckl91 ,/ck1 ,s*neid]1 ,wagn]1 ,liszt1 ,b]lioz1 ,brahms1 & ,ri*>d ,/rauss2--no ,engli% ne$ apply1 ,i 0 ab\t to say1 b he includes ,burne-,jones4 ,& !n1 wav+ 8 tor*1 he po9ts to ! reg5]ation ( art 9 ! re-organization ( ,society1 temp]$ by ! op9ion ( ! pla9 man &--leaves ! "q /ill burn+4 ,( an ideal ( beauty 9 art he w h none4 ,beauty appe>s to 8 ascetic m9d 7or mood7 z some?+ synonym\s ) pleasure1 & !re=e m or less s9ful & to be avoid$3 yet1 reali/ z he appe>s to be at times1 he is q z vague & ideali/ic z ! ideali/s he scorns :5 he speaks ( a 8,*ri/ian art0 :i* is to take ! place ( mod]n corruptions4 ,tol/oi's view ( art1 too1 is practically limit$ to lit]ature1 ! drama1 music1 pa9t+1 & sculpture4 7,i am afraid he did n "k ( ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild :5 he wrote 8 book1 & seems ignorant ( ,william ,morris & ! ,engli% movem5t47 ,only t[>ds ! end ( ! "w 7p4 #aga7 does he m5tion 8ornam5tal0 art1 or r he speaks ( 8ornam5ts0 7includ+ 8,*9a dolls07 & rem>ks t su* z ^! 8= in/ance1 ornam5ts ( all k9ds are ei!r n consid]$ to be art1 or consid]$ to be art ( a l[ quality4 ,9 reality0 7h[ev]1 he says71 8all su* objects1 if only !y transmit a true feel+ exp]i5c$ by ! arti/ & compreh5sible to ev]yone 7h[ev] insignificant x may seem to u to be7 are works ( real good ,*ri/ian art40 ,he !n becomes aw>e1 recall+ 8 d5ial ( 8! conception ( beauty0 z supply+ 8a /&>d = works ( art0 t he is 9 an inconsi/5t position1 & turns r\nd & says t 8! subject-matt] ( all0 k9ds ( ornam5tation consi/s n 9 ! beauty1 b 9 ! feel+ 7( admiration (1 & delight 91 ! comb9ation ( l9es & col\rs7 :i* ! arti/ has exp]i5c$ & ) :i* he infects ! spectator4 ,?is seems to be a cumbr\s & r\ndab\t way ( say+ t ! ?+ is admir$ because x is beautiful4 ,tol/oi1 h[ev]1 seems to h a root$ idea t !re is some?+ ess5tially selfi% & n>r[ ab\t ! conception & ideal ( ,beauty & t x mu/ be some?+ necess>ily exclusive1 appeal+ only to a privileg$ or cultur$ class4 ,he condemns ! beauty :i* only appeals to a few1 b admits t :i* appeals to _m1 ?\gh n because ( its beauty1 b because x unites s _m 9 a common feel+ ( admiration4 ,! horrible ^w 8infection0 is con/antly us$4 ,i d n "k h[ f> ?is may be ! fault ( ! translation1 & :e!r x is ! exact equival5t = ! ,russian phrase1 b someh[ x has n a pleasant association z appli$ to ! reception ( ideas ( art4 ,tol/oi says3 8,art rema9s :at x 0 & :at x mu/ be--no?+ b ! infection by "o man ( ano!r1 or ( o!rs1 ) ! feel+s exp]i5c$ by ! infector40 ,?is is 8 ma9 po9t ?r\gh\t--! communicable p[] ( art1 & he values x1 app>5tly1 solely = ?is p[]4 ,b ?is p[] ( infection1 z he calls x1 is n ! exclusive possession or di/9ctive *>act]i/ic ( art4 ,a man ) a disease may 8infect0 ano!r1 b y don't call x art4 ,a fire may communicate "s ( its w>m? to ^? :o are cold1 b we don't call x art4 ,an angry man may pun* y & infect y ) 8 ang]1 s t y pun* him 9 return1 b we don't call x art--unless ! art ( self-def5ce is all[$ to be an art4 ,x is true "o is aw>e ( ! sort ( physical te/ ( good poetry--t x causes a %iv] d[n ! sp9al column2 & x is g5]ally a true "o1 b :e!r x repres5ts ! %iv] felt by ! poet 9 writ+ "o is n q c]ta94 ,besides1 surely a "w ( art may communicate or sugge/ some?+ m ?an 0 actually 9 ! m9d or emotions ( ! arti/ at ! "t1 z by ! p[] ( association x may awak5 diff]5t ?\ghts & feel+s 9 _m diff]5t m9ds4 ,to limit f9e art only to ^? =ms :i* are capable ( appeal+ to ev]ybody1 & :i* communicate feel+s & ideas :i* c be %>$ by humanity at l>ge1 mu/ necess>ily limit x to few & simple =ms & types4 ,no d\bt ,tol/oi fully realizes ?is1 & he ev5 recognizes t ! art ( ! mo/ univ]sal appeal at ! pres5t day is apt to be r trivial 9 =m1 su* z 8a song1 or an amus+ je/1 intelligible to e "o1 or a t\*+ /ory1 or a draw+1 or a little doll0 7p4 #afe71 & he else:]e says t ! produc] ( su* ?+s is do+ f> m good ?an ! elaboration ( a "w to be appreciat$ only by a few4 ,hi/oric1 romantic1 or poetic art seems to h no attractions = ,tol/oi4 ,9 fact1 he jumps ^u :at he t]ms poetic art ) imm5se vig\r1 & res]ves 8 greate/ vials ( scorn = "s ( its mod]n expon5ts4 ,he seems to h little p]ception ( ! law ( evolution ei!r 9 life or 9 art1 :i* acc\nts = its v v>i$ =ms1 & diff]5t _s 9 diff]5t ages1 & among diff]5t races & social conditions4 ,nor does he seem to recognize t e age dem&s a fre% int]pretation ( life 9 art4 ,=m1 _s1 & me?ods 9 art all *ange ) ! diff]5t temp] ( ! times4 ,tol/oi plays havoc ) ! critics1 & 8 exposure ( ! %ams1 imitations1 & pret5ti\sness 9 _m =ms ( mod]n art is unsp>+ & (t5 too true2 & "o feels 9 he>ty sympa?y ) 8 desire = spontaneity & s9c]ity 9 art1 z well z = a social /ate1 a true co-op]ative commonweal? 9 :i* aga9 might be realiz$ t unity ( purpose & s5tim5t ^u :i* all =ms ( art dep5d = _! wide/ appeal4 ,tol/oi's ideal ( a /ate 9 :i* all contribute to ! useful lab\r ( ! community is a f9e "o1 &1 ( c\rse1 ?is w\ld condemn none to a life ( monoton\s toil or drudg]y2 b w\ld af=d leisure = ?\ght & cultivation ( ! arts by ^? :o _h ! real capacity 9 !m2 no "o be+ attract$ by comm]cial advantage or mat]ial pr(its1 s9ce1 "u ^! conditions1 arts w\ld be ! spontane\s outcome ( life1 & freely (f]$ = ! good ( ! community 9 ! joy ( produc+ x4 ,tol/oi's real /r5g? lies 9 8 zeal = & advocacy ( su* a simple communal life1 & ?is gives ! real =ce to 8 argum5ts = a correspond+ simple & univ]sal art2 &1 inde$1 "o feels t x is ?is conception & 8 religi\s views t are always dom9ant 9 8 m9d1 & exi/+ =ms ( art are frankly condemn$ or approv$ s f> z _! influ5ce is unfav\rable or fav\rable to su* views ( life4 ,9 a rem>kable footnote on p4 #agj1 h[ev]1 he all[s t he is 8insuffici5tly in=m$0 9 all bran*es ( art1 & t he belongs to ! class ( p ^: ta/e is 8p]v]t$10 t 8old inur$ habits0 may cause him to 8err10 & he goes on to consign c]ta9 works ( 8 own to ! category ( 8bad art40 ,8 deeply root$ idea t all good art mu/ convey a def9ite message :i* c be univ]sally und]/ood gives ! impression t he only values art 9 s f> z ?is def9ite message c be read 9 x2 &1 by 8 d5ial ( ! validity ( beauty z an ideal & object 9 art1 he removes himself1 curi\sly en\gh1 f :]e 8 sympa?ies lie really1 f ! ackn[l$gm5t & appreciation ( ! f>-rea*+ influ5ce ( beauty 9 ! commone/ ?+s ( daily life--?+s ( use :i* ! t\* ( art makes vocal--?+s )\t :i* ev5 ! ,tol/oian ideal ( simple useful life w\ld be impossible1 to :i* ! spontane\s & traditional h&icraft art ( ! peasant 9 primitive c\ntries has s l>gely contribut$1 & :i* reveal m def9itely ! "* & arti/ic capacity & feel+ ( a p ?an :ole gall]ies ( self-consci\s pa9t+ & sculpture4 ,,( ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,mod]n ,,social ,,& ,,economic ,,conditions ,,on ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,beauty ,t mod]n conditions ( life are de/ructive to ! s5se ( beauty ,i d n d\bt1 yet ,i am by no means sure t s5sitiv5ess to beauty--or to its abs5ce--9 our daily surr\nd+s is s v common 7or ev5 t !re is a common und]/&+ z to ! idea ( beauty71 t su* a proposition w\ld obta9 g5]al ass5t )\t fur!r explanation1 &1 z ,i h und]tak5 to op5 ! case = ! prosecution1 if ,i may s t]m x1 ,i w try to make cle> my reasons & conclusions on ! matt]4 ,my fir/ witness %all be ,london1 z ,london is typical & focuses mo/ ( ! effects ( mod]n1 social1 & economic conditions4 ,n[ we he> a great deal ( ! beauty ( ,london1 b probably ^? :o talk ( h] beauty are really only ?9k+ ( c]ta9 beauty-spots4 ,va/ z ,london is1 mo/ ( u really live = ! mo/ "p 9 a comp>atively small ,london4 ,outside our usual haunts lies a va/ unkn[n region1 ( :i*1 inde$1 we obta9 occasional glimpses on be+ oblig$ to travel across or ?r\gh ! multi-c\nty city4 ,^? ^: ,london is b\nd$ on ! we/ by ,k5s+ton ,g>d5s & on ! ea/ by ,mayfair1 d n figure to !mselves ,cl]k5well or ,ratcliff ,highway1 ,be?nal ,gre5 or ,b[1 & w\ld n c>e to embrace ! va/ new suburbs spread+ ov] ! gre5 fields 9 e direction1 or ev5 ! comp>atively select slums 9 ! %ad[ ( ,belgravian mansions4 ,suppos+ we approa*$ our metropolis by any "o ( ! great railway l9es--!re is no?+ to indicate we are ent]+ ! greate/ & weal?ie/ city 9 ! _w4 ,we pass r[s & r[s ( mean dwell+s--yell[ brick boxes ) blue slate lids--cr[d$ close to ! railway 9 _m places1 ) squalid little backy>ds4 ,we fly ov] n>r[ /reets1 & complex webs & net-works ( railway l9es1 telegraph & telephone wires1 myriad smok+ *imney-pots1 /eam+1 ?robb+ works ( all k9ds1 sky-signs & ! wond]s ( ! p>ti-col\r$ po/]-ho>d+s1 :i* pursue "o into ! /ation itself1 fl>+ on ! reluctant & jad$ sight ) ev]-increas+ importunity & it]ation1 until "o recalls ! philosoph] :o rem>k$3 8,/range t ! _w ne$s s mu* press+ to accept su* app>5tly obvi\s--& sometimes />tl+ly obvi\s--advantages40 ,all s5se ( ar*itectural proportion inside ! /ation1 h[ev] l>ge1 is lo/ by ! /rid5t labels ( all sorts & sizes2 & images ( all sorts ( scales & col\rs1 /ick1 l huge po/age /amps1 :]ev] likely to cat* ! eye4 ,! same ?+ meets u 9 ! /reets2 9 ! busi] comm]cial qu>t]s1 too1 x is a common device to hang ! "n ( ! firm 9 gigantic gilt lett]s all ov] ! w9d[s & ! upp] /ories ( ! %ops2 :ile ! %ops !mselves become huge w>eh\ses ( goods1 protect$ by walls ( plate-glass1 ^u ! edges ( :i* app>5tly re/ va/ sup]/ructures ( flats & (fices1 playfully p9n$ toge!r by telegraph poles1 & hung ) a black spid]'s web ( wires z if to cat* any so>+ ideas ( bett] ?+s t might escape ! mle ( ! /reets4 ,9 ! /reets !mselves a va/ cr[d ( all sorts1 sizes1 & conditions is p]petually hurry+ to & fro1 pres5t+ ! %>pe/ contra/s 9 _! appe>ance & be>+4 ,"h ! spruce & prosp]\s bus9ess man1 !re ! ragg$ cadg]1 ! club idl] & ! out-o'-"w4 ,"h ! lady 9 h] luxuri\s c>riage 9 purple & f9e l951 & !re ! wret*$ sell] ( mat*es4 ,mod]n /reet traffic1 too1 is ( ! mo/ mix$ & bewild]+ k9d1 & ! already p]il\s ,london /reets h be5 made mu* m s by ! motor 9 its v>i\s =ms ( van & bus1 bus9ess or private c>4 ,! aspect ( a ,london /reet dur+ "o ( ! frequ5t blocks is c]ta9ly extraord9>y1 s v>i\sly sort$ & siz$ are ! vehicles w$g$ 9 an app>5tly inextricable jumble2 :ile ! railways & tubes burr[$ und]gr\nd only add fre% /reams ( humanity to ! traffic in/ead ( reliev+ x4 ,yet x has be5 pr9cipally to relieve ! conge/$ traffic ( ,london t ! great *anges h be5 made :i* h practically trans=m$ ! t[n1 sweep+ away _m hi/oric build+s & relics ( ! pa/1 & giv+ a g5]al impression ( rapid sc5e-%ift+ to our /reets4 ,illu/ration3 ,w5twor? ,/reet1 ,:ite*apel ,f a ,photograph by ,f4 ,fri? & ,co4 ,! mo/ co/ly & tempt+ w>es are display$ 9 ! %ops 9 clo?+1 food1 & all ! necessities ( life1 z well z fanta/ic luxuries & sup]fluities 9 ! greate/ pr(usion--8?+s t nobody wants made to give to p :o h no use = !m0--yet1 necessities or n1 remov$ only by ! ?ickness ( ! plate glass f ! fami%$ eyes ( p5ury & want4 ,! %ops1 too1 are n "w-%ops4 ,! goods appe> 9 ! w9d[s z if by magic4 ,_! produc]s are hidd5 away 9 di/ant factories1 work+ l p>ts ( a ma*9e ^u p>ts ( :oles :i* p]haps !y nev] see complete4 ,turn+ to ! resid5tial qu>t]s we see o/5tation & luxury on ! "o h& & *eap imitation1 pret5ti\sness1 or meanness & squalor on ! o!r4 ,we see ! a=esaid brick boxes :i* h ru9$ ! aspect ( mo/ ( our t[ns2 we h ! pret5ti\s villa ) its visitors' & s]vants' bells2 we h ! /ucco-portico$ t[n 8mansion10 ) its squeezy hall & umbrella /&2 or we h ! desirable flat1 ne>] to heav51 l ! cell ( a cliff-dwell]1 :]e ! mod]n citiz5 seeks seclusion 9 popul\s c>avans>ies :i* ?r[ e /reet out ( scale :]e !y re> _! ,babel-l /ructures4 ,i h n spok5 ( ! gloom ( old]-fa%ion$ resid5tial qu>t]s1 frigid 9 _! respectability1 :i*1 :atev] c5tres ( light & lead+ !y may conceal1 seem outw>dly to turn ! cold %\ld] to ord9>y humanity1 or peep di/ru/fully at a wick$ _w ?r\gh _! fanlights4 ,_m ( ! features ,i h describ$ are f\nd also 9 mo/ mod]n cities 9 diff]5t degrees1 & are /ill m evid5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e !re is no?+ anci5t to /em ! tide ( mod]n--%all we say progress8 ,9 ju/ice to ,new ,york1 h[ev]1 "o mu/ note t !re is an important movem5t !re among arti/s & ar*itects & p int]e/$ 9 municipal affairs 9 ! direction ( *eck+ ! excesses ( comm]cialism & 9 fav\r ( dignity & beauty 9 ! /reets & public places4 ,su* publications z 8,! ,municipal ,j\rnal0 be> witness to ?is1 s t !re is hope = ! future4 ,s may x be "h4 ,turn+ f ! aspects ( h\ses to humans--take mod]n dress--9 our se>* = ! beautiful6 ,well ,national if n di/9ctive co/ume--except ( ! work+ & sport+ sort1 c\rt dress1 collegiate robes & uni=ms--has practically disappe>$1 &1 ap>t f work+ dress 9 work+ h\rs1 "o type ( c]emonial1 or full dress1 is common to ! p at l>ge1 & t ( ! pla9e/ k9d1 ) :atev] diff]5ces ( cut & ta/e 9 detail4 ,i mean = m51 ( c\rse4 ,among ! undisput$ rights ( woman ! lib]ty to dress z %e pleases1 ev5 "u recogniz$ types = set occasions1 & ) con/ant v>iety & *ange ( /yle1 is n a little important1 & "o t has v /rik+ effects ^u ! aspects ( mod]n life we are consid]+4 ,x is true ?is lib]ty may be *eck$ by ! decrees ( em95t modi/es & limit$ by ! op9ion ( ,mrs4 ,grundy1 or ! frank criticism ( ! boy-9-!-/reet2 & x is m ?an probable t ! exig5cies ( trade h some?+ to d ) x also4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 too important an elem5t 9 ! ensemble ( life to be ignor$ or "u-valu$ 9 any way1 z wom5's dress af=ds "o ( ! few opportunities ( indulg+ 9 ! joy ( col\r4 ,m5 suff] ! tyranny ( ! tall hat1 z ! outw>d & visible sign ( respectability--surely f> m s ?an ,c>lyle's gig4 ,in/ead ( 8gigmanity10 x has become tophatmanity4 ,! 8/ove-pipe0 is ! cr[n ( ! mod]n k+1 ! f9anci]--! bus9ess man--he :o mu/ be obey$4 7,i und]/& x is z mu* z a city cl]k's place is wor? = him to appe> 9 any o!r head ge>47 ,ladies1 too1 enc\rage x--) ! black frock coat & ! re/ ( ! fun]eally fe/ive attire ( mod]n correct man4 ,i suppose ! g>b is consid]$ to act z an effective foil to ! fea/ ( col\r indulg$ 9 by ! ladies--z black frames to fair pictures--black commas1 semi-colons1 or full-/ops agreeably punctuat+ passages ( delicate col\r6 ,! wor/ ( x is t ! beauty ( wom5's dress :5 x happ5s to be beautiful 9 mod]n times--z at pres5t--seems to be a matt] ( accid5t & entirely at ! m]cy ( fa%ion 7or comm]ce67 "h to-day & gone to-morr[1 &1 alas--tell x n among ! pione]s6--lovely woman1 our only hope = v>iety 9 col\r & =m 9 mod]n life1 9 h] det]m9ation to desc5d into ! indu/rial & pr(essional ar5a & comm]cially compete ) m51 n unfrequ5tly %[s a t5d5cy to take a leaf out ( 8 tailor's patt]n-book1 & to adopt or adapt m or less ( ! features ( mod]n man's prosaic1 possibly conv5i5t & durable1 b c]ta9ly summ>y & unromantic attire4 ,well1 ,i ?9k1 on ! :ole1 ! pictures :i* mod]n life 9 ,london1 or any great capital displays1 may be /rik+ 9 _! contra/s1 weird 9 _! sugge/ions1 dramatic 9 _! aspects--any?+ or ev]y?+ 9 fact1 except beautiful4 ,! ess5tial qualities ( beauty be+ h>mony1 proportion1 balance1 simplicity1 *>m ( =m & col\r1 c we expect to f9d mu* ( x "u conditions :i* make life a m]e scramble = exi/5ce = ! great] "p ( mank9d8 ,bellamy1 9 8 8,look+ ,backw>d10 gives a /rik+ & succ9ct image ( mod]n1 social1 & economic conditions 9 8 illu/ration ( a coa* & horses4 ,! coa* is capitalism2 x c>ries a m9ority2 b ev5 ^! /ruggle = a seat & to ma9ta9 _! position1 frequ5tly fall+ (f1 :5 !y ei!r g "u1 or mu/ help to pull ! coa* ) ! majority1 toil+ 9 ! traces ( comm]cial competition4 ,h[ev] ^! conditions may1 among individuals1 be s(t5$ by human k9dness1 or "s ( its aspects modifi$ by arti/ic ef=t1 x does n *ange ! cruelty & inju/ice ( ! sy/em or its brutal & ugly aspects 9 ! ma94 ,b1 if mod]n civilization is only tol]able 9 proportion to ! numb] & facility ( ! means ( escape f x1 we may f9d1 at lea/1 ! beauty ( ! c\ntry1 & ( wild nature unimpair$8 ,d we8 ,we may escape ! t[n by tra91 or motor--runn+ ! risk1 9 ei!r case1 ( a sma%--b we _c escape comm]cial ent]prise4 ,! v trees & h\ses spr\t ) bus9ess-c>ds1 & ! l&scape along "s ( our pr9cipal railways seems own$ by v5dors ( drugs4 ,turn+ away our eyes f su* annoyances1 comm]cial competition aga9 has u1 9 allur+ u by all sorts & sizes 9 pap]s & magaz9es1 :i*1 l pap] kites1 c only ma9ta9 _! position by an ext5sive tail4 ,! tail--t is1 ! adv]tisem5ts--keeps ! kites fly+1 & ! s]ial tale keeps ! adv]tisem5ts go+ p]haps1 & ! read] is oblig$ to take 8 news & views1 social or political1 s&wi*$ or flav\r$ ) v v>i\s & uns\ght & unwant$ condim5ts1 pictorial or o!rwise1 :i* c]ta9ly ru9 arti/ic effect4 ,?us public att5tion is div]t$ &--nobody m9ds6 ,b x is 9 ^! ways t ! mat]ials ( life--:]e( ! s5se ( beauty & its gratification is no unimportant "p--are de/roy$1 z x 71 9 gett+ our liv+--well1 p]haps x w\ld be tru] to say1 9 "s cases1 a sub/antial p]c5tage on our inve/m5ts4 ,9 ob$i5ce to ! rule ( ! great ,god ,trade1 too1 :ole di/ricts ( our fair c\ntry are blight$ & black5$1 & :ole populations are condemn$ to me*anical & monoton\s toil to support ! int]national race = ! prec>i\s _w-m>ket4 ,"u ! same desp]ate compulsion ( comm]cial competition1 agriculture decl9es & ! c\ntry-side is des]t$4 ,! old c\ntry life ) its fe/ivals & picturesque cu/oms has disappe>$4 ,old h\ses1 *ur*es1 & cottages h tumbl$ into ru91 or h suff]$ worse de/ruction by a process ( sm>t5+-up call$ 8re/oration40 ,! p h cr[d$ into ! ov]cr[d$ t[ns1 increas+ ! competition = employm5t1 ! *ances ( :i* are less5$ by ! v indu/ry ( ! work+-classes !mselves1 & s our great cities become bl9dly hug]1 dang]\s1 & g5]ally unlovely1 los+1 too1 by degrees1 ! relics ( hi/oric int]e/ & romance !y once possess$4 ,ev5 9 ! arts & among ! v cultivators ( beauty we detect ! cank] ( comm]cialism4 ,! compulsion ( ! m>ket rules supply & dem&4 ,! idea ( ! %op dom9ates picture %[s1 & pa9t]s become z specializ$ z m5 ( sci5ce1 & g5ius requires z mu* puff+ z a pat5t m$ic9e4 ,e "o mu/ h 8 trade label1 & woe to ! arti/ :o exp]im5ts1 or discov]s capacities = o!r ?+s ?an 8 label cov]s4 ,e new & promis+ movem5t 9 art has be5 9 direct prote/ & conflict ) ! prevail+ conditions1 & has measur$ its success by its degree ( success 9 c\nt]act+ !m1 &1 9 "s s5se1 produc+ new conditions4 ,! rem>kable revival ( ! h&icrafts ( late ye>s may be quot$ z an in/ance4 ,b x is a _w )9 a _w2 a m9ority produc+ = a m9ority1 al?\gh x has done valuable "w ev5 z a prote/1 & has rais$ ! bann] ( h&work & its beauty 9 an age ( ma*9e indu/ry4 ,o!r notable movem5ts ( a prote/+ or protective or mitigat+ nature are at "w 9 ! =m ( societies = ! protection ( anci5t build+s--= ! pres]vation ( ! beauty ( natural sc5]y1 = ! abolition ( smoke1 = *eck+ ! abuse ( adv]tis+1 = ! increase ( p>ks & g>d5s & op5 spaces4 ,inde$1 x w\ld seem z if ! welf>e ( humanity & ! prospects ( a tol]able life "u mod]n conditions 7 h&$ ov] to su* societies1 s9ce x does n seem to be anybody's bus9ess to att5d to :at is ev]ybody's bus9ess1 & we h n ev5 a m9i/] to look aft] su* int]e/s4 ,! v exi/5ce ( su* societies1 h[ev]1 is a pro( ( ! dang] & de/ruction to :i* beauty is expos$ "u mod]n conditions4 ,social conditions are ! outcome ( economic conditions4 ,9 all ages x has be5 ma9ly ! sy/em "u :i* prop]ty is held--! own]%ip ( ! means ( production & ex*ange--:i* has decid$ ! =ms ( social life4 ,! expansion ( capital & ! p[] ( ! f9anci] are ess5tially mod]n developm5ts1 & unre/rict$ comm]cial competition seems to lead direct to monopoly--a hi!rto unexpect$ climax4 ,mod]n life becomes an unequal race1 or scramble = money1 place1 p[]1 or m]e employm5t4 ,! social 7or r1 unsocial7 pressure :i* results1 really causes ^? sordid aspects1 pret5ces1 & brutal contra/s we deplore4 ,private own]%ip is con/antly oppos$ to public int]e/1 & ! n>r[ po9t ( view ( imm$iate individual pr(it z ! det]m9+ factor 9 all transactions obscures l>g] issues & /ultifies collective action = ! public good4 ,ladies & g5tlem5 ( ! jury1 p]haps ,i h said en\gh to support ! case ( ,beauty aga9/ mod]n1 social1 & economic conditions4 ,i d n ask = damages--!y are incalculable4 ,%e /&s be=e y1 a pa!tic figure1 obscur$ 9 %r$s & pat*es1 driv5 f pill> to po/1 dis9h]it$1 a casual1 & oblig$ to beg h] bread1 :o %\ld be a welcome & hon\r$ gue/ 9 e city1 9 e h\se1 be>+ ! lamp ( art1 & br++ com=t & joy to all4 ,,( ,,! ,,social ,,& ,,e?ical ,,be>+s ,,( ,,art ,! v exi/5ce ( art 9 any =m among a p is itself evid5ce ( "s k9d ( social life2 &1 inde$1 z reg>ds pre-hi/oric or anci5t life1 is (t5 ! only record left ( life at all4 ,f its e>lie/ dawn 9 ! pre-hi/oric et*+s ( ! cave-dwell]1 to ! hi]oglyphics ( ! ,egyptian2 ! sculptur$ slabs ( ! ,n9evite & ! ,p]sian2 f ! treasury ( ,a!ns1 & ! spoils ( ,troy1 to ! ref9em5t & monum5tal beauty ( ! ,p>!non m>bles--ev]y:]e art 7at fir/ id5tical ) language1 or picture-writ+7 is eloqu5t ( ! mode ( life2 ! ideas & ideals :i* h held sway 9 ! human m9d1 until !y h become precipitat$1 or cry/alliz$1 = u 9 antique ar*itecture & sculpture1 & pa9t+1 & ! si/] arts ( design4 ,until e fragm5t ( wov5 /uff1 e bead & jewel1 e fragm5t ( brok5 pott]y /ill speaks to u out ( ! pa/ ) its 8half-oblit]at$ tongue0 ( ! life & ?\ght :i* h gone away1 ( buri$ hopes & fe>s1 ( ! loves & /rife1 ( ! pride & p[]1 :i* h left b ^! frail relics to tell _! tale4 ,illu/ration3 ,egyptian ,hi]oglyphics on a ,wall ,decoration ,abydos3 ,temple ( ,seti ,! ke51 obs]vant eye ( ! primitive hunt] not$ d[n un]r+ly ! outl9es ( ! fi]ce animals he /alk$ & slew4 ,! same un]r+ p]ception ( typical =m reappe>s =maliz$1 & m & m ab/ract$1 9 ! hi]oglyphic1 :i*1 us+ ! famili> animals & objects ( ,ea/]n life z symbols1 becomes f9ally ca/1 by use & wont1 9 ! c\rse ( evolution1 into ! rigid ab/ractions ( ! alphabet4 ,?is1 ?\gh 9 calligraphic & typographic art ent]+ ano!r c\rse ( developm5t1 has become q di/9ct f ! graphic & depict+ p[] :i* appe>s to h be5 its orig92 b !y are /ill closely & con/antly associat$ toge!r 9 our books & newspap]s1 :i* =m s l>ge a "p (1 & s intimately reflect1 our social life1 & :i* h c>ri$ picture-writ+ into ano!r & m complex /age4 ,! e>ly ,assyrian reliefs1 too1 9 ano!r way may (t5 be consid]$ z a s]ies ( emphatic hi/oric /atem5ts--a grav5 writ+ on ! wall4 ,_! object1 to record ! conque/s ( k+s or _! pr[ess z lion-hunt]s1 _! battles & sieges1 _! prison]s tak51 _! weapons & munitions ( w>1 ! attributes ( _! symbolic deities4 ,_! value 0 p]haps z mu* _! descriptive & record+ p[] z _! decorative effect4 ,! ar*aic ,greek pass$ ?r\gh ! same /age1 only gradually evolv+ t exquisite arti/ic s5se1 until ! monum5tal beauty & h]oic ideality ( ! ,phidian "w is rea*$ to pass away aga9 ) ! _s & ! life :i* gave x bir?4 ,! wave ( ,greek civilization rises to ! cre/ ( its p]fection1 & breaks & falls1 yet spreads its influ5ce1 & leaves its impress ^u all l&s2 unext+ui%$ by ! p[] & pomp ( ! ,roman :i* succe$$1 ov] :i*1 inde$1 9 ! arti/ic s5se x triumphs1 spr++ to new life 9 ,italy1 until x is f\nd w&]+ among ! ru9s & trivialities ( ,pompeii1 :]e ! la/ /age ( anci5t life has be5 pres]v$1 z x 71 9 amb]4 ,we may drop "s natural te>s ov] ! dea? ( paganism1 feel+ t at all ev5ts1 ) all its corruptions1 x has plac$ on record = u 9 art t joy ( life1 & ! frank ackn[l$gem5t ( man's animal nature 7:i* no religion or philosophy c af=d to leave out ( acc\nt7 & has reconcil$ !m 9 =ms ( endur+ ref9em5t & beauty4 ,a great deal mu/ be set d[n to p]si/5ce ( sun%9e1 b anyone glanc+ at :at has be5 left u 9 v>i\s beautiful =ms ( art f ! classical times & c\ntries mu/ feel h[ mu* l>g] an ext]nal "p art mu/ h play$ 9 t life2 h[ con/ant & intimate mu/ h be5 its appeal--f ! /ori$ p$im5t & frieze ( ! temple1 to ! gild$ /atues & bronze f\nta9s 9 ! public /reets & squ>es--walls :]eon ! pa9t]'s fancy is let loose--ev]y:]e col\r1 & ov]head ! blue sky ( ,italy or ,greece4 ,!re 0 at any rate no room = monopoly 9 ! pleasure ( su* an ext]nal life4 ,! eye ( ! slave 01 at lea/1 z free z t ( 8 ma/]1 & ! m]e common possession ( ! spectacul> pleasure ( life is some?+4 ,we feel too t ! anci5t weal? ( beautiful art 0 ! direct effloresc5ce ( ! life ( ! "t4 ,ev]y:]e ! arti/'s & craftsman's eye mu/ h be5 /imulat$1 ! =ms ( man & woman mov+ )\t ! re/ra9t ( =mally cut co/ume1 b freely drap$ accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! individual or ! dem&s ( ! season1 or circum/ance4 ,he c\ld see ! a?lete 9 ! ar5a1 ! beauty on h] t]race1 ! philosoph] 9 8 grove1 ! col\r & glitt] ( ! m>ket-place1 ! slave at 8 toil1 ! w>riors clang+ out to battle1 & all ^! 9 ! broad & full light ( a s\!rn sky4 ,:at wond] t 8 art took beautiful =ms4 ,ev5 ! grave 0 robb$ ( its gloom by ! ,greek arti/1 & dea? 0 figur$ z a g5tle & pa9less leave-tak+ betwe5 fri5ds4 ,x is impossible to d\bt t impressions ( ext]nal beauty & h>mony h a s(t5+ & humaniz+ effect ^u ! m9d4 ,i believe t we are unconsci\sly affect$ by su* influ5ces--t we are unconsci\sly happi] :5 we live 9 pleasantly proportion$ rooms1 = in/ance1 ) h>moni\sly col\r$ & patt]n$ walls & furniture4 ,! n]ves are soo!d ?r\gh ! g5tle /imulus ( ! eye dwell+ on happy & ref9$ =ms & col\rs4 ,) ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 ) ! spiritual eye fix$ ^u ano!r _w1 ! =m1 ) ! _s1 ( art naturally *ang$1 & ?\gh ! ma9 curr5t ( ! new tea*+ 0 to make man indiff]5t to ext]nals1 aft] its fir/ timid falt]+s 9 ! dy+ traditions ( classical design1 we "k t ,*ri/ian art became "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful expon5ts ( its cre$s1 & by ! awe-inspir+ influ5ce ( ! solemn & my/ic spl5d\r ( ! ,byzant9e & e>ly ,go?ic *ur*es s impress$ ! imag9ation ( m5's m9ds t1 o!r causes contribut+1 ! ,*ur* became ! great depository ( arti/ic skill & inspiration1 & us$ its p[] ( emotional appeal to ! utmo/1 by means ( noble & impressive ar*itectural =m & proportion1 aft]w>ds height5$ by e decorative means at ! comm& ( ! ,go?ic craftsman 9 pa9t$ glass1 c>v+1 mosaic1 pa9t+ & "w ( gold & silv] & preci\s /ones4 ,a great *ur* 0 inscrib$ )9 & )\t ) ,bible hi/ory1 & ! lives ( sa9ts 7 en%r9$ = an ensample to all 9 ! liv+ language ( ! pa9t] or ! c>v]4 ,! evil-do] 0 t]roriz$ by pres5tm5ts ( ! torm5ts ( a v reali/ic hell1 :ile ! sa9t 0 lift$ by ec/atic visions ( angelic *oirs & fl[]-/>r$ meads ( ,p>adise4 ,art 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 0 inde$ a prea*] & tea*] ( unp>allel$ eloqu5ce & moral =ce4 ,! unlett]$ c\ld read its op5 book1 ! poor & ! lame & ! halt--& ev5 ! bl9d might be mov$ by ! 8full-voic$ *oir0 & 8peal+ organ40 ,! spl5d\r & beauty ( a m$iaeval ca!dral mu/ h _h :at we %\ld n[ call q an incalculable educational effect ^u ! p f ! ae/hetic & emotional side4 ,besides ?is1 ! ord9>y aspect ( ! t[ns mu/ h be5 full ( romance & int]e/3 ! v>iety1 & qua9t ri*ness ( ! citiz5s' h\ses2 ! col\r & fanta/ic inv5tion 9 co/ume & h]aldry2 ! con/ant %[s & processions1 su* z ^? organiz$ by ! crafts' guilds1 full ( qua9t allegory & symbolic mean+4 ,a /reet might be solemn ) ! black & :ite g[ns ( monks & prie/s1 or gay ) flaunt+ bann]s & ! fla%+ arm\r ( knights1 or ! panoply ( k+s & que5s4 ,great gild$ wagons1 bright ) brave h]aldry--in/ead ( our black1 v>ni%$1 respectable c>riages1 ) a mode/ loz5ge on _! panels--?\gh ^! h ( late be5 r put out ( c\nt5ance by ! m d>+ & dang]\s motor c> ) its my/]i\sly veil$ & mask$ occupants1 a vehicle lately describ$ by a wit z 8a cross betwe5 a br\gham & a battle%ip40 ,well1 betwe5 ! ord9>y wond]s ( its mix$ & p]petual traffic1 we 9 ,london h n[ no?+ left z a free popul> spectacle b ! ,"l ,mayor's ,%[1 or ! ,ox=d & ,cambridge boat-race4 ,!re is ! po/]1 x is true--t *eap & g5]ally na/y 8popul> educator40 ,n always s *eap1 ei!r1 s9ce "o he>s ( ,royal ,academicians be+ secur$ = ! s]vice ( pu%+ comm]ce at ! price ( a ?\s& p\nds or s--?\gh ! result is g5]ally n a good po/]1 b only an oil picture spoil$4 ,human life1 h[ev] disguis$ or uglifi$ ) unnatural & inh>moni\s surr\nd+s1 mu/1 ( c\rse1 always rema9 int5sely int]e/+4 ,if we all took to we>+ s&wi* bo>ds to ann\nce our p]sonal ta/es or wants to save tr\ble1 ,i suppose a c]ta9 am\nt ( drama w\ld /ill be possible1 & ,i h no d\bt we %\ld soon h ae/hetic p]sons decl>+ t x 0 z f9e a co/ume z a m$iaeval h]ald's or ,joseph's coat ( _m col\rs4 ,x does n seem z if we c\ld take art & beauty naturally 9 ?is c\ntry1 s9ce ! puritan fro/ came ov] u4 ,we h suff]$ f /iffness 9 our ae/hetic limbs ev] s9ce4 ,a c]ta9 p$antry & affectation :i* h atta*$ !mselves to "s p>ts ( ! "q ( art1 seem to h creat$ mi/ru/ 9 ! ord9>y m9d4 ,! ord9>y m9d has be5 too mu* inur$ to ugl9ess1 p]haps--& habit is de> to all ( u4 ,consci\s ef=ts to produce ?+s ( beauty are n always conv9c+1 & ev5 a ?+ ( beauty does n look com=table )\t h>moni\s environm5t4 ,if ,v5us 7 to sudd5ly rise f ! ,s]p5t9e 7or f ,new ,york ,h>b\r7 %e might be misund]/ood4 ,if we are ev] to h beauty 9 our common life aga91 beauty mu/ spr+ naturally f its ord9>y conditions1 j z beautiful art always is insep>able f its mat]ial4 ,n[1 x is (t5 said t art has always be5 ! m9i/] to weal? & p[]1 t x has be5 ! private possession ( ! ri*1 & its dwell+-place ! prec9cts ( c\rts & ! %elt] ( great h\ses4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! results ( art 7s f> z ! art :i* appeals to ! eye c ev] be monopoliz$7 h (t5 become =ms ( private prop]ty1 ?is is only s 9 a limit$ degree1 & is only p>tially true2 & 9 reg>d to ! lat] deta*$ or pictorial =ms ( art1 or 9 ! case ( antique bric--brac4 ,art1 9 its nobl] monum5tal =ms1 by ! necessity ( its exi/5ce1 has appeal$ to ! :ole p ( a city or /ate f a ,greek temple to a ,go?ic ca!dral ) all ! arts ( design 9 ret9ue4 ,if1 9 lat] days1 arti/s 7 press$ into ! s]vice ( k+s1 great nobles1 m]*ant pr9ces or millionaires1 & art became l>gely tribut>y to _! pomp & magnific5ce1 x 0 at lea/ at ! exp5se ( ! :ole p4 ,& z1 by degrees1 p>tly ow+ to comm]cial & me*anical evolution1 & p>tly to ! inducem5t ( great] p]sonal cr$it1 social di/9ction & sympa?y 7:i*1 aft] all1 are p>ts ( comm]cial evolution or r1 p]haps1 "s ( its effects7 ! arti/ic faculty 0 drawn m & m into purely pictorial *annels1 & p>took m & m ( ! nature ( portable & private prop]ty1 its actual possession became a matt]1 m or less1 = ! ri*4 ,ev5 9 ?is /age1 h[ev]1 x has made possible spl5did public & national collections--z our own ,national ,gall]y1 = in/ance1 :]e ! v *oice/ works ( ! greate/ pa9t]s ( all "t are ! actual possession ( ea* & all ( u4 ,:]e !re has be5 monopoly ( art1 & l>ge masses ( ! p 7! work]s ^: 8surplus value0 really pays = x7 h be5 exclud$ f1 or depriv$ (1 its enjoym5t & socializ+ influ5ce1 is x wond]ful t monopoly 9 art %\ld foll[ monopoly ( l& & ! means ( subsi/5ce8 or t ^? :o refuse to recognize1 or to respect1 common rights 9 l&1 & common p>ticipation 9 ! pleasures & ref9em5ts ( life1 %\ld refuse to recognize common rights 9 art also8 ,! gr[+ enlight5m5t & dem& = ju/ice on ! "p ( ! work]s1 & _! gr[+ p[] & capacity = comb9ation "u democratic in/itutions1 w insi/ ^u ! abolition ( su* monopolies2 & ! spread ( ! feel+ ( fell[%ip & ! int]-dep5d5ce ( all work]s w create a s\nd] public s5tim5t & morality 9 ! matt] ( ! uses ( weal? & ! social value ( art4 ,i hope t we %all n be cont5t z a p to rema9 satisfi$ ) s little ( ! ref9+ influ5ce ( art & beauty 9 our daily lives4 ,we are beg9n+ to realize ! imm5se loss & deprivation _! abs5ce causes1 & :]e !y are n felt at all1 :]e _! w>m rays1 l ! sun's1 nev] p5etrate1 !re is co>s5ess1 brutality1 & degradation4 ,x is a noticeable fact1 t h>%ness & r\ghness ( mann] & want ( sympa?y are usually f\nd ) an abs5ce ( s5sibility to art 9 individuals4 ,! ae/hetic s5se1 inde$1 is l a six? s5se add$ to ! o!r five1 or r evolv$ f !m4 ,yet we h1 until rec5tly1 be5 9 ! habit ( %utt+ up our national museums & picture gall]ies on ,sundays z if !y 7 haunts ( vice1 in/ead ( ref9+1 intellectual & moral influ5ces1 & s\rces ( unselfi% pleasure4 ,we all[ ! walls ( our s*ool rooms1 = ! mo/ "p1 to be gaunt & b>e1 & give no great] /imulus to ! *ildr5's & "y p's imag9ative reason ?an is to be glean$ f v>ni%$1 unillu/rat$ maps & tame li?ographs ( wild animals4 ,b x is h>dly surpris+ t ! m9ds & imag9ative faculties %\ld be />v$1 :5 we "k t ! bodies s frequ5tly are1 z "u our compulsory sy/em ( education x has be5 discov]$ poor *ildr5 frequ5tly g foodless to s*ool4 ,yet if common life 0 ?\ght wor? enri*+ by sugge/ions ( h]oism1 poetry1 & romance2 if education 0 consid]$ m z a means ( develop+ ! :ole nature1 ?an m]ely z a prep>ation = a n>r[ competitive comm]cial exi/5ce1 might we n1 f ! /oreh\ses ( hi/ory & folk-lore1 picture our s*ool & college walls ) great & typical figures ( h]oes1 & f\nd]s & fight]s = our lib]ties & ! commonweal?1 & make !m gl[ ) col\r & sugge/ion8 & ,i believe we %\ld see its aft] results 9 a m ref9$ & m spirit$1 m sympa!tic1 m unit$ & self-respect+ p4 ,:e!r su* *anges c come be=e c]ta9 great] economic *anges1 compreh5d$ by socialism1 is ano!r matt] 7,i d n believe !y c 9 _! fulness71 & ,i h no wi% to put ! ae/hetic c>t be=e ! economic horse1 al?\gh conviction sometimes comes f attempt+ ! impossible--or ! "r ?+ at ! wrong /age4 ,! social "* ( ! appeal to ! eye is br\ght home to u by ! involunt>y impulse :i*1 ) a f9e "w ( art be=e u1 or "s lovely natural sc5e1 provokes su* common exclamations z 8,look at t60 8,oh6 d look !re60 8,did y ev] see any?+ s beautiful60 & ! l4 ,?is seems to %[ t p are n cont5t1 z a rule1 to enjoy ! pleasures ( vision alone4 ,!y _c look at a beautiful "w )\t want+ o!rs to see x also1 & p>ticipate 9 ! same emotional excitem5t & appreciative delight4 ,appreciation & sympa?y are also1 ( c\rse1 enorm\sly /imulat+ to arti/s4 ,!y are l ! answ]+ r+ to ! co9 ( 8 ?\ght :5 he ca/s x =? to ! _w1 :i* tells him x is ( true gold4 ,works ( art are l que/ions or problems put by _! inv5tor to ! public at l>ge4 ,if !y are und]/ood at once !n ! arti/ kn[s he is 9 t\* ) 8 que/ion]1 & t he speaks 9 a tongue t is compreh5d$3 b ?is is n always ! case4 ,! conditions ( ! practice ( art itself h und]gone *anges analog\s to ! evolutions ( society1 ! s5tim5t ( :i* x always reflects4 ,f its e>li] collective /ages & typical =ms1 :5 all ! arts ( design 7 unit$ 9 ar*itecture ) su* beautiful results1 to its m individual & p]sonal "* 9 mod]n days1 m especially 9 pa9t+1 we c trace an entire *ange ( _s4 ,! focus ( arti/ic feel+ & expression is no long] c5traliz$ on religi\s ideals1 my/]ies1 or my?ologies1 b is turn$ ev]y:]e on ! p>ti-col\r$ aspects ( human life1 & ! *anges ( ! face ( nature4 ,its me?ods are no long] traditional b exp]im5tal1 & its po9t ( view p]sonal1 s t ! position ( a mod]n pa9t] is n s mu* t ( a musician tak+ 8 place 9 a great or*e/ra1 & contribut+ 8 "p to a great & h>moni\s :ole1 b r t ( a soloi/1 :o claims our entire att5tion to 8 p]=mance on a p>ticul> in/rum5t--x may be only a t9 :i/le1 or x may be1 ( c\rse1 ! viol9 9 ! h&s ( a ma/]4 ,?is condition ( ?+s 9 art has _h its effect on ! individual practition]1 & ! t5d5cy is to set up individual codes ( arti/ic morality1 s t ea* c only be judg$ ) ref]5ce to 8 own /&>d1 & accord+ to ! dictates ( 8 own ae/hetic consci5ce or consci\sness1 & ?is p]haps may be q ! rev]se ( t ( 8 bre?r54 ,9 e direction1 h[ev]1 ! practice ( art tea*es ! value ( c]ta9 virtues z means t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( its high] aims & ideals3 consci5ti\sness 9 workman%ip--do+ all t is fitt+ & ne$ful to obta9 c]ta9 results3 ! necessity ( mak+ c]ta9 sacrifices ( less] beauty1 = in/ance1 or m9or tru?s1 to express ! high] beauty & ! m significant tru?2 = x is no m possible to 8eat y\r cake & h x0 9 art1 ?an x is 9 ! affairs ( life g5]ally4 ,judgem5t & temp]ance h important p>ts to play 9 ! mak+ ( ! _w ( art2 & t fai?fulness to an ideal1 & p]sev]ance ?r\gh all mann] ( te*nical & o!r difficulties & adv]se circum/ances1 :i* c>ry a man ?r\gh1 & oblige him to ex]cise a c]ta9 self-re/ra9t1 to rea* ! goal he has set be=e himself4 ,s t ! practice ( art _c be said to be )\t its e?ical side1 any m ?an its manife/ations c be d5i$ _! social be>+ & significance4 ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,& ,,its ,,mean+ ,! decorative s5se z express$ 9 ! ri* & v>i$ field ( surface ornam5t is n[ s mu* tak5 z a matt] ( c\rse1 & s associat$ ) c]ta9 hi/oric /yles1 racial types & climatic *>act]i/ics1 t few c>e to look fur!r into orig9s ?an su* well-def9$ & compreh5sive s\rces seem to conta91 & d\btless did we "k all ab\t our hi/oric /yles 7a k ( :i* e art /ud5t is expect$ to h at 8 f+]s' ends7 & c\ld we ?or\ghly analyze ! racial types & climatic influ5ces ( ! _w1 we %\ld "k z mu* z c\ld be kn[n ab\t ornam5t4 ,ornam5t 9 its develop$1 or sophi/icat$ & consci\s1 /age seems to me to h a close analogy to music ( c]ta9 types1 9 :i* ! s5su\s delight 9 rhy?m & melody1 z well z ! te*nical skill & inv5tion ( ! musician1 con/itute ! pr9cipal *>m4 ,i imag9e1 h[ev]1 t ! pleasure a design] may feel 9 foll[+ out a g]m ( :at ,i might call ornam5tal ?\ght to its natural or logical developm5t1 & ! pleasure d]iv$ by ! behold] f "s h>moni\s or rhy?mical arrangem5t ( =m & l9e are !mselves developm5ts f a primitive g]m4 ,x is ! pleasure1 or se>* = pleasure1 ( ! ae/hetic s5se1 :i*1 f ! fir/ discov]y ( ! fasc9ation aris+ f a repeat$ =m1 or a recurr+ l9e1 has be5 ev] eag] to extract f su* simple elem5ts fre% delight by great] complexity & new dispositions ( ! old elem5ts1 until ! ornam5tali/1 or ! /ud5t ( patt]n1 f9ds himself 9 a va/ =e/ ( inv5tion1 complex & v>i$ 9 its floral gr[? almo/ z ,nature h]self--an en*ant$ g>d5 ( decorative =m1 l9e1 & col\r--9 :i*1 nev]!less1 ! /ruggle = survival1 or p]haps asc5dancy1 takes place1 cont9ually controll$ by ! /]n s*ool+ ( necessity & utility--! g>d5]s ) _! prun+ knives4 ,yet ,i imag9e1 long be=e ?is consci\s pleasure !re 0 wond]--! wond] z ( a *ild :o gazes at ! daily wond] ( ! sun1 & cov]s pap] ) attempts at mak+ circul> =ms4 ,among ! e>lie/ scrat*+s ( primitive man we get sun-symbols1 we f9d me&]+ l9es = wat]1 acute po9ts = fire1 & zigzags = lightn+4 ,^! signs1 too1 seem at fir/ us$ 9 a deta*$ way1 z if to convey to ! m9d ! idea ( ! ?+ z words or signs & n ) any ornam5tal int5tion4 ,! ,egyptians1 z we "k1 aft]w>ds develop$ ?is k9d ( sign-language 9 _! sy/em ( hi]oglyphics1 & 9 ! necessity1 p]haps1 ( mak+ ! =ms repres5t$ extremely ab/ract & suitable = incision1 :ile convey+ z mu* "* z possible1 !y also made !m ornam5tal4 ,! necessity1 too1 ( compression1 ord]$ scale1 & control ( space or b\nd>y w\ld naturally help ! decorative effect4 7,see illu/ration1 p4 #hi47 ,b ap>t f ?is consci\sly ord]$ & sy/ematic language ( hi]oglyphic1 we may see ! sun symbols & ! me&]s & zigzags =m+ 9 repetition simple bord]+s & types ( ornam5t 9 ! e>ly art ( mo/ peoples on pott]y1 textiles1 or c>v$ 9 /one4 ,! sign kn[n z ! ,fylfot also1 orig9ally suppos$ to indicate ! rotation ( ! heav5s1 & hav+ a c]ta9 my/]i\s significance1 p]haps1 to o!rs n fully aw>e ( its orig9al mean+1 0 us$ z a m>k or sign ( good =tune1 & ?is1 too1 7be+ capable ( repetition & pleas+ recurr5ce7 9 c\rse ( "t became incorporat$ into sy/ems ( ornam5t4 ,x is f\nd widely scatt]$ & associat$ ) _m diff]5t types1 be+ f\nd 9 ! art ( bo? ea/]n & we/]n peoples1 & con/antly reappe>+4 ,! ,greek fret1 a type ( bord] ornam5t frequ5tly associat$ ) ! =ego+1 & app>5tly surviv+ by %e] logical p]si/5ce1 z well1 p]haps1 z its p]fect adaptability to simple textile conditions1 may h orig9ally _h ! significance atta*$ to int]lock$ h&s4 ,we "k t bord]s ( jo9$ h&s or f+]s are /ill f\nd ^u ori5tal copp] di%es1 & 9 association ) ! m>g9 ( ! di% h an obvi\s significance1 ei!r z ! lav+ ( h&s be=e or aft] meat1 or z 9 ! s5se ( ! text 8he t dippe? ) me 9 ! di%40 ,illu/ration3 ,greek ,cylix ,peleus & ,!tis ,9 reg>d to ! fret1 h[ev]1 !re is a well-kn[n c5tre ( a ,greek cylix pa9t$ ) a design repres5t+ ! wre/l+ ( ,peleus & ,!tis1 :]e ! int]lock$ h&s take precisely ! =m1 se5 9 pr(ile1 ( ! fret bord] :i* encloses ! 7circul>7 design1 ! unit ( :i* may be discov]$ by anyone :o w int]lock "r & left h& & note ! =m express$ by ! ov]lapp$ f+]s4 ,aga91 z ,i h else:]e po9t$ out1 ! g>l& or swag s de> to ! he>t ( ! classical ar*itect & design]1 0 orig9ally ! fe/ive g>l& ( leaves & fl[]s hung ar\nd ! h\se or temple1 z may be se5 9 ! beautiful ,romano-,greek relief ( ! visit ( ,bac*us to ,ic>ius 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,!re appe> to me to be two s\rces ( d]ivation or mean+ 9 ornam5t2 ! ,symbolic1 :i* ,i h t\*$ ^u1 & ! ,con/ructive4 ,to ! latt] may be trac$ _m ( ! =ms 9 use z enri*m5ts 9 ! v>i\s ord]s ( classical ar*itecture1 :i* owe _! orig9 to primitive wood5 /ructures1 su* z ! d5til1 ! egg & tongue1 ! guillo*e1 etc4 ,! volute & me&]+ bord]s s frequ5t 9 ,greek pott]y are traceable 9 _! ma9 l9es to ! primitive /ructural art ( wattl+4 ,:ile ! b&$ patt]ns ^u weapons 9 ! bronze age are1 l en\gh1 rem9isc5ces ( ! ty+ & ?ong+1 by means ( :i* primitive man disp5s$ ) nails4 ,t univ]sal & indisp5sable patt]n-motive & patt]n-basis1 ! *equ]1 seems obvi\sly to h be5 sugge/$ by ru% platt+1 or primitive weav+2 & ! knott$ & spread+ /r&s ( ! primitive mat1 z x lay on ! gr\nd1 may h1 be5 ! g]m f :i* a :ole family ( bord] patt]ns 0 develop$ :i* come to u f ! anci5t ,asiatic civilizations ( ! ,ea/2 b ! type rea*$ its ri*e/ & mo/ graceful =m 9 ! h&s ( ! ,greeks 9 _! an!mion or honeysuckle bord]+s4 ,! an!mion itself1 tak5 s+ly1 z sculptur$ ornam5t or f9ial ^u a /ele1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k _h a symbolic int5tion1 & 0 int5d$ to sugge/ ! flames ( ! fun]al pyre4 ,9 g5]al =m x is almo/ id5tical ) ! gild$ metal flame haloes plac$ beh9d ! images ( ,indian & ,burmese deities1 & recalls also ! ray$ fl[] s univ]sal 9 ,p]sian ornam5t1 sometimes enclos+ a fruit ( ! pomegranate type4 ,"h aga9 !re is symbolic int5tion--life & ! flame ( life1 ) its fl[] & fruit4 ,religi\s symbolism has1 ( c\rse1 play$ an important "p 9 ! hi/ory ( ornam5t1 & especially enri*es ! ornam5t ( ! middle ages1 toge!r ) h]aldic symbolism1 :i* may be said to h be5 almo/ exclusively ! ornam5t ( ! e>li] middle ages--& v spl5did ornam5t x 04 ,:at w\ld h be5 ^? beautiful ,sicilian silks1 & ! spl5did ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5tury textiles1 )\t ^? 8/range bea/s & birds0 :i* =m su* valuable ornam5tal units1 & mu/ h be5 reassur+ & com=t+ ^u ! hang+ or ! robe1 fill+ ! own] or ! we>] ) ! pride ( ance/ry1 & ! _s ( 8 fa!rs1 z he recogniz$ ! family totem1 or ! badge & motto t _h s]v$ well 9 s _m a fight4 ,ap>t1 h[ev]1 f bo? symbolic & /ructural orig9 & mean+1 an important elem5t 9 ornam5t is l9e1 & l9e1 ow+ to c]ta9 insep>able association ( ideas accord+ to its quality1 /ructure1 or direction1 mu/ always c>ry def9ite mean+ to ! eye & ! m9d3 ! association ( re/fulness ) horizontal l9es1 & ornam5t con/ruct$ ^u su* l9es2 ! sugge/ion ( fixity & solidity by ! use ( horizontals ) v]ticals2 ! /]n & logical "* giv5 to a design 9 :i* only angul> =ms are us$2 ! expression ( movem5t by ! wav$ or me&]+ l9e--! l9e actually describ$ by human action 7ev5 by simply walk+1 z we may note by m>k+ ! recurr+ position ( ! head ( a figure s mov+ along72 ! l9es ( en]gy & resi/ance by ! %>p irregul> zig-zag2 ! l9es ( grace & rhy?mic sweetness by g5tly fl[+ & recurr+ curves2 or ! l9es ( vig\r1 ( /ructural =ce1 ( life itself 9 ! radiat+ gr\p1 or ! upw>d spiral ( aspiration4 ,"o _c attempt to foll[ out all ! sugge/ions1 9 a %ort pap]1 :i* ! ?\ght ( ! mean+ ( ornam5t ar\ses1 b x appe>s to me1 reg>d$ z a :ole1 t we h 9 ! _w ( ornam5t a language n only ( extraord9>y beauty1 b ( deep symbolical1 hi/orical1 con/ructive1 & racial mean+1 & c\ld we foll[ x fully to its s\rces1 we %\ld probably get z complete a hi/ory ( ! races :i* h us$ x z a means ( expression1 z we c\ld d f any o!r k9d ( human record4 ,to ! mod]n design]1 accu/om$ z he is to play ) :at 7 once words & syllables ( p]haps vital import1 mean+1 9 ! ornam5t he may be call$ ^u to fa%ion1 ap>t f its own =m or te*nical purpose1 seems1 p]haps1 a va9 or an iness5tial ?+4 ,b1 :ile by no means confus+ ! purpose ( art ) t ( poetry or lit]ature1 & fully all[+ t to atta9 beauty & fitness is z mu* virtue z we ought to expect ( any design] ( ornam5t1 or any o!r arti/--if x gr[s1 z x 71 naturally out ( ! /ructure & necessities ( ! build+1 or ( :atev] x is ! f9al expression & fl[]+--,i /ill ?9k t !re are "s ?\ghts1 "s sugge/ions1 prop] to design z a language ( l9e & =m1 & t an ultimate symbolical mean+1 h[ev] veil$1 gives an int]e/ & a dignity to any piece ( ornam5t1 z well z a c]ta9 vitality :i* x c\ld n o!rwise possess4 ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,h\se-,,decoration ,h\se-decoration1 x w\ld seem1 is almo/ synonym\s ) civilization1 & c]ta9ly has be5 co-ext5sive ) its developm5t 9 ! _w4 ,! dome/ic int]ior1 s f> z we are able to realize x1 & all t x implies1 af=ds ! be/ visible evid5ce ( ! /&>d ( liv+ & ref9em5t1 & s5se ( beauty exi/+ among a race or p ( any age or c\ntry4 ,9 proportion z ! conditions ( human life become m & m artificial1 & remov$ f nature1 man seems to require ! aid ( art4 ,decoration1 inde$1 might be reg>d$ z a sort ( ae/hetic comp5sation = ! increas$ artificiality1 complexity1 & re/ra9t ( civiliz$ life4 ,%elt]$ f ! /orm 9 a ra9-pro(1 well-dra9$ h\se1 by a com=table fireside1 ! com=t ( a citiz5 :o sits at home at ease is p]haps increas$ by ! contemplation ( pictures ( wild l&scape1 p]il\s coa/s1 & ev5 %ipwrecks1 ^u 8 draw+-room wall2 b :5 ! sun smiles & ! long days come1 some?+ ( ! in/9ct ( primitive man moves him1 & he wants to be (f to ! woods & moors1 seek+ nature r ?an art4 ,?oreau1 9 8 delightful book1 8,wald510 describes 8 endeav\rs to return to nature & r$uce 8 life to ! simple/ conditions2 he f\nd ! woods ( ,wald5 & its d5iz5s1 & ! pond ) its wild f[l1 & ! contemplation ( ! *angeful drama ( nature q suffici5t1 beyond a little r\gh wood5 %anty1 ) a b$1 a *air1 & a writ+-desk 9 x4 ,! only attempt at decoration he seems to h made 0 :5 he introduc$ "s curi\s /ones1 by way ( ornam5t1 b quickly got rid ( !m aga91 z !y ne$$ du/+ & arrang+4 ,"h he seems to h rea*$ ! z]o ( h\se-decoration4 ,decoration ) primitive & pre-hi/oric man may be consid]$ *iefly p]sonal & possible4 ,! ta/e = decorative patt]n 0 gratifi$ ^u 8 own sk9 9 ! =m ( tattoo or w>-pa9t1 or 9 /r+s ( beads1 fea!r head-dresses1 & ! c>v$ h&les ( 8 weapons4 ,n t mod]n man--/ill less mod]n woman--has giv5 up p]sonal decoration1 9 fact1 ,i suppose fea!rs & beads 7 nev] s mu* 9 dem&1 b x seems t mod]n pa9t]s & decorators hav+ provid$ s mu* m elaborate & becom+ backgr\nds !y h to be 8liv$ up to40 ,"o has he>d ( ! man 79 8,pun*07 :o 0 look+ = a wife 8to suit 8 furniture40 ,well1 ! backgr\nd is an important elem5t ( a picture1 aft] all4 ,cave-walls1 ?\gh n neglect$ 9 primitive times1 no d\bt _h r sev]e limitations1 reg>d$ z fields = decoration1 & until ! art ( con/ruct+ dwell+s _h be5 develop$ to a c]ta9 ext5t1 x is obvi\s t mural decoration c\ld h>dly exi/ 9 any ord]$ =m4 ,t5t-dwell]s1 l ! ,t>t>s & ! ,arabs1 develop$ ! mat & rug1 ! c>pet & cov]1 & ?us1 on ! textile side1 made _! hi/oric contribution to an important elem5t 9 mod]n h\se-decoration1 z well z to c]ta9 typical =ms ( patt]n well kn[n to decorators2 b ! anci5t ,egyptian1 ) 8 pla/]$ surface ov] ! sun-bak$ bricks :i* =m$ ! wall ( 8 dwell+ 01 s f> z we "k1 ! initiator ( pa9t$ mural decoration4 ,! def9ite b ab/ract =ms1 ! prim>y col\rs cle>$ by black outl9es1 & ! result+ flat decorative effect ( e>ly ,egyptian art1 h set ! ab/ract type = mural pa9t+ = all ages4 ,) ! ,egyptians1 h[ev]1 z ) ! anci5ts g5]ally1 ! build+s mo/ reg>d$ = decorative purposes1 ow+1 ( c\rse to _! social & religi\s cu/oms1 7 ! temple1 ! palace1 & ! tomb4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans1 & ! nations ( m$iaeval ,europe1 broadly speak+1 foll[$ ! same ord]1 inspir$ by v diff]5t ideas1 & "u ! influ5ce ( v diff]5t habits ( life & climatic diff]5ces4 ,! classic temple & ! m$iaeval ca!dral became alike ! depositories ( ! mo/ beautiful decorative art4 ,!y are ! great repres5tative monum5ts ( ! art ( ! age & ( ! races t produc$ !m1 truly collective & typical4 ,! individual citiz5 "u ,greek1 ,roman1 & especially ,*ri/ian ideas1 & ! developm5t ( comm]ce becom+ ( m & m importance1 we f9d ! private h\se consid]$ m & m z a field = ! decorator's art1 & = ! expression ( individual feel+ & ta/e4 ,z reg>ds walls1 fresco & temp]a pa9t+ appe> to h be5 ! *ief & mo/ g5]al me?ods ( decoration f classical times to ! middle ages1 & x is /ill to ^? me?ods we look = ! high] =ms ( mural "w4 ,! rema9s ( ,pompeii1 disclos$ f b5ea? _! pall ( volcanic a%es1 h furni%$ a m9e ( examples to ! mural pa9t]1 &1 inde$1 ! influ5ce ( ! ,roman & ,pompeian ta/e & me?ods ( treatm5t seems to h rema9$ almo/ traditional ) ! ,italian decorator1 :o has nev] lo/ 8 skill z a workman 9 temp]a pa9t+1 ?\gh "o may n always be able to admire 8 ta/e4 ,yet1 9 reg>d to su* a m>k$ & di/9ct type ( decoration z ! ,pompeian1 "o _c b feel t 9 ! endeav\r 7:i* has (t5 be5 made7 to adapt su* types ( decoration to mod]n dome/ic int]iors !re is an uncom=table feel+ ( ana*ronism & incongruity4 ,! /yle1 ! fancy1 ! col\r1 ! treatm5t1 ! motives1 all belong s ess5tially to ano!r race1 & to a diff]5t climate4 ,to live surr\nd$ by su* import$ decorations w\ld be l masqu]ad+ 9 classical co/ume1 &1 inde$1 to be consi/5t1 ! dwell]s 9 a ,pompeian room ought to pose 9 classical drap]ies1 & endeav\r to emulate an ,alma-,tadema picture 9 ! aspects ( _! ev]yday life4 ,e race & e age1 h[ev]1 act$ ^u by all sorts ( influ5ces1 climatic1 social1 economic1 comm]cial1 political1 hi/oric1 evolves its own ideas ( home & com=t--& appropriate decorative surr\nd+s z a necess>y "p ( home & com=t4 ,^!1 9 ! long run1 are ! fitte/ to ! circum/ances & conditions1 b by no means always ideally ! be/1 9 fact1 b r>ely s1 be+ ! result1 z a rule1 ( c]ta9 compromises2 b ! =ces :i* fa%ion our lives & *>act]s1 :i* det]m9e our habits & pursuits1 also det]m9e ! "* ( our surr\nd+s4 ,! v ideas ( home & com=t :i* "o might consid] m fix$ & p]man5t--m traditional--?an mo/ human notions1 seem1 ) ! increas$ complexity ( mod]n life1 especially on ! l9es ( ! pres5t developm5t ( l>ge cities1 or comm]cial c5tres1 liable to *ange4 ,! practice ( liv+ 9 flats & resid5tial hotels mu/ surely t5d to displace or modify 9 ! m9d ( ! ord9>y citiz5 ! old] ideas ( :at con/itutes ! complet5ess & organic relation prop] to an indep5d5tly con/ruct$ dwell+4 ,! contraction ( space1 & sometimes ( light1 commonly associat$ ) flats1 _c h a fav\rable physical effect1 & ! impossibility ( any g>d5 sett+--beyond a w9d[ box--mu/ aga91 "o w\ld ?9k1 affect bo? ! g5]al heal? z well z a heal?y s5se ( decoration4 ,! decorative design] c]ta9ly dep5ds l>gely = fre%ness ( inspiration & sugge/ion 9 design & col\r ^u gr[+ plants & fl[]s1 ^u ! sight ( birds & animals1 ( ! ev]-*ang+ sea & sky1 & ! col\rs ( ! l&scape4 ,if ! s5se f :i* is produc$ ! v elem5ts ( decoration ?us requires to be kept alive & 9 heal?1 surely ! s5se :i* appreciates ! product1 :i* selects & uses1 ne$s also simil> access to nature to pres]ve a heal?y tone4 ,b hav+ provid$ small brick boxes ) slate lids z homes = our p1 & pack$ !m toge!r 9 /raight r[s all alike on ! eligible build+ l& ( our t[ns1 we next proce$ to economize space 7& secure m une>n$ increm5t to ! squ>e foot7 by pack+ su* boxes "o on ! top ( ! o!r & call+ !m 8mansions0 or 8resid5tial flats40 ,illu/ration3 ,sket* = ,collective ,dwell+ conta9+ ,sixte5 ,cottages ) ,common ,d9+-hall1 ,kit*51 etc4 #a_/cb ,scale ,by ,lionel ,f4 ,crane ,illu/ration3 ,sket* = ,collective ,dwell+ conta9+ ,sixte5 ,cottages ) ,common ,d9+-hall1 ,kit*51 etc4 #a_/cb ,scale ,on ! o!r h& ! collective dwell+1 ( :i* p]haps we see ! g]m 9 ! bett] type ( mod]n flats1 ) a common kit*5 & d9+-hall1 may h an important future1 & !re is no reason :y1 giv5 fav\rable conditions1 good sites1 & ample gr\nd & c>eful plann+ ) due reg>d to light1 air1 & aspect1 dwell+s on ! plan ( collective liv+1 or collective homes1 %\ld n h dignity & beauty1 z well z ! com=ts ( a home comb9+ provision = ! necessity ( privacy1 ) ! social advantages ( a common room1 & ! economic & cont9u\s advantages ( a common kit*54 ,x %\ld mean t ! adm9i/ration1 ! h\sework1 & ! cook+ w\ld be done by tra9$ h&s1 & "o w\ld suppose t ! load ( c>e to devise ! recurr+ s*eme ( ! daily d9n]1 etc41 n[ s g5]ally press+ on ! poor h\sewife1 might ?us be lift$1 & a great wa/e ( individual ef=t sav$4 ,! old plan ( ! quadrangle w\ld be an excell5t "o = a co-op]ative dwell+3 "o side ( ! squ>e or w+ opposite ! entrance gate might be occupi$ by ! d9+-hall & public rooms1 ! o!r sides might conta9 ! private rooms or be divid$ into sep>ate dwell+s ) sep>ate private entrances on ! out] sides3 on ! inn] side connect$ by a cloi/] :i* w\ld enable ! occupants ( ! private rooms or sep>ate dwell+s to pass to ! public rooms at ! head ( ! quad4 ,a =mal g>d5 might occupy ! c5tre ( ! quadrangle ) a f\nta9 9 ! c5tre4 ,su* a s*eme has1 ,i believe1 already be5 propos$ to be tri$ 9 "o ( ! ,london suburbs4 ,illu/ration3 ,frescoes by ,=d ,madox ,br[n ,t[n ,hall1 ,man*e/] ,illu/ration3 ,frescoes by ,=d ,madox ,br[n ,t[n ,hall1 ,man*e/] ,f ! decorator's po9t ( view ! plan & scale ( su* collective dwell+s might af=d f9e scope = art3 ! l>ge public rooms su* z ! hall & ! common d9+-room1 might be simple & dignifi$ ) panell$ walls1 leav+ space above = a cont9u\s frieze ( figures1 or divid$ into sep>ate subjects illu/rat+ local hi/ory or leg5d1 poetry1 romance1 or symbolism ( life & nature4 ,! true place1 h[ev]1 = ! decorative p]petuation ( local hi/ory & leg5d is ! ,t[n ,hall1 & x is satisfactory to "k t ?is pr9ciple has be5 ?or\ghly recogniz$ 9 at lea/ "o important city ( ,engl& & 9 a mod]n ,t[n ,hall4 ,i allude to ! frescoes ( ,=d ,madox ,br[n :i* vividly & dramatically illu/rate ! hi/ory ( ,man*e/] & h] wor?ies1 & appropriately decorate ! walls ( ! ,city ,hall4 ,9 ,birm+ham1 also1 ,i believe a s*eme ( pa9t$ panels has be5 devis$ to illu/rate local hi/ory1 & /ud5ts ( ! ,municipal ,s*ool ( ,art h compet$ = ! design ( ^!4 ,?is seems an excell5t idea :i* might be g5]ally adopt$4 ,e t[n :i* has municipal build+s & a municipal s*ool ( art might d mu* n only to /imulate public _s & local feel+1 b also mat]ially to help "y /ud5ts & design]s by giv+ !m an opportunity ( do+ public "w & ?us gett+ practice 9 ! highe/ k9d ( decorative art--mural pa9t+4 ,surely if we h any pride ( place1 if we reg>d our t[ns & cities z some?+ m ?an m]e mills = money-mak+ we mu/ feel h[ greatly _! int]e/ & beauty might be add$ to 9 su* ways z ^!1 z well z public p>ks & g>d5s1 f\nta9s1 trees along ! /reets1 & seats & %elt]s4 ,inde$1 hav+ reg>d to ! future ( our race1 & ! importance ( space & op5 air & surr\nd+s ( "s beauty to ! heal?y gr[? & uprais+ ( *ildr51 x becomes a public "q ( press+ importance1 ?is ( ! conditions ( life 9 our cities1 h\s+1 & h\se & s*ool build+ & decoration4 ,"o rem>kable demon/ration or object lesson has be5 giv51 ow+ to ! initiative en]gy & philan?ropy ( ,mr4 ,george ,cadbury at ,b\rnville ne> ,birm+ham1 :i* ,i 0 af=d$ ! opportunity ( see+ ! o!r day4 ,he has prov$1 at lea/ 7ev5 z ,william ,morris did71 t factory "w may be c>ri$ on amid pleasant surr\nd+s & means ( recreation = body & m9d1 & t a work+ population c be h\s$ 9 close proximity to _! "w 9 picturesque & *eap heal?y dwell+s1 surr\nd$ ) ample g>d5s & pleasant trees4 ,! ,g>d5 ,city ,association is also 9 ! field ) ,mr4 ,eb5ez] ,h[>d's s*eme = unit+ agriculture1 horticulture & manufactures1 ) beautiful & heal?y dwell+s 9 g>d5 cities :i* w1 x is hop$1 relieve ! ov]cr[d+ ( our great t[ns1 & br+ back ! p to ! c\ntry ) all ! conv5i5ces & advantages ( well-organiz$ city life1 & moreov] enable ! inhabitants to become ! collective own]s !re(4 ,! rapid means ( escape f t[ns :i* mod]n inv5tion & comm]cial int]e/ & ent]prise h plac$ )9 rea* ( ! t[n dwell]--:ile !y sugge/ t mod]n cities are n meant to dwell 9--by ^? :o c get out ( !m--may to "s ext5t c\nt]act ! ill effects ( an artificial exi/5ce1 at lea/ among "s classes ( ! population1 b ,i ?9k a c]ta9 re/lessness is induc$ :i* has its effects--ev5 ^u decorative art4 ,! mod]n m9d seems m easily fatigu$1 & to require m con/ant & rapid *ange4 ,?is re/lessness1 no d\bt accel]at$ by ! effects ( grime & smoke1 leads to ! desire = m frequ5t *ange ( col\r & patt]n 9 ! liv+ rooms1 ?an =m]ly4 ,?is1 x may be said1 is heal?y1 because x is 8good = trade0--= ! pa9t]s' & decorators' trade1 t is4 ,"o ( ! drawbacks ( mod]n life1 h[ev]1 is ! exi/5ce ( trade organizations t are prep>$ to supply 7on ! %orte/ notice7 any atrocity :i* may be 9 dem&--inde$1 ,i am n sure t supply does n 9 "s cases create dem&1 & ,i suppose he is b a poor salesman :o _c p]suade p to buy :at !y d n want--x may be "s pass+ :im or phase ( public ta/e1 or want ( ta/e2 b ! circum/ances :i* are good = su* trade _c be expect$ to evoke mu* arti/ic en?usiasm4 ,:at is 8good = trade0 is n always good = human be+s1 ei!r 9 ! mak+ or ! us+1 ( :i* we h (t5 _h evid5ce1 b trade1 or pr(it1 is ! mod]n feti% to :i*1 app>5tly1 all o!r consid]ations are expect$ to b[4 ,illu/ration3 ,view 9 ,b\rnville ,illu/ration3 ,cottages at ,b\rnville ,design$ by ,alex4 ,w4 ,h>vey ,n[1 ,i take x1 a pa9t] or a decorator mu/ be prim>ily conc]n$ ) produc+ some?+ ( beauty1 ev5 if1 ow+ to circum/ances ov] :i* he has no control1 x _c be 8a joy = ev]40 ,let 8 problem be ( ! simple/--! *oice ( a flat t9t = a wall1 = in/ance--! important elem5t ( individual ta/e comes 94 ,?is1 aga91 mu/ be *eck$ by consid]ations ( adaptability & utility1 su* z aspect & conditions ( light+ 9 ! room1 ! k9d ( room1 its proportions & purpose4 ,we all "k :at a diff]5t effect ! same t9t has 9 full or 9 half-light1 9 sunlight or 9 %ad[1 & :at trans=mations are effect$ 9 rooms by simply *ang+ ! t9t or ! wall-pap]4 ,! effect1 too1 ( ! same t9t ^u diff]5t surfaces %\ld be not$4 ,any texture or granulation ( surface improves ! quality ( a flat t9t1 & = ?is reason wall cov]+s ) a texture 9 !m2 su* z are kn[n "u ! "n ( ,burlaps1 are excell5t1 provid+ a v>iety ( pla9 t9ts ( pleasant texture = wall cov]+s1 or admirable gr\nds = ! decorator to "w ^u4 ,a good s5se ( col\r1 !re=e1 is ( ! fir/ importance4 ,a k ( h[ to produce c]ta9 t9ts2 ! effect ( "o t9t ^u1 or 9 juxtaposition to1 ano!r2 ! effect ( "o t9t & ( diff]5t t9ts 9 ! same light2 ! be/ gr\nds = diff]5t t9ts2 all ^! ?+s1 9 addition to ! workman's skill ( h& 9 lay+ on pa9t ev5ly1 are ess5tial p>ts ( a pa9t]'s & decorator's tra9+ & equipm5t4 ,! complex elem5ts out ( :i* h be5 evolv$ our ideas ( h>moni\s decoration are n m complex ?an ^? out ( :i* ! v>ieties ( ! mod]n h\se h be5 produc$4 ,true ta/e1 z well z common s5se1 w\ld say1 8cut y\r coat accord+ to y\r clo?0--build y\r h\se & decorate x accord+ to :at y c sp5d ^u x3 let x repres5t y\r own ideas ( ta/e & com=t1 aft] due ?\ght1 & n be an imitation ( ano!r's1 or ( some?+ 9 ! mode :i* y ?9k y ought to l1 nei!r some?+ co/ly because ( ! co/1 or a *eap imitation ( some?+ co/ly4 ,h[ few h\ses seem to be built or decorat$ ^u ^! pr9ciples4 ,h[ few1 inde$1 build _! h\ses at all1 or h mu* *oice 9 ! matt]--except p]haps t ( ,hobson1 :o mu/ also h be5 a j]ry build]4 ,!re is an old say+ t fools build h\ses & wise m5 live 9 !m4 ,h[ev] t may be1 c]ta9ly t[n-dwell]s are (t5 l h]mit-crabs1 glad to creep into m or less inconv5i5t empty %ells erect$ by =m] g5]ations1 happy if !y succe$ 9 adapt+ !m to _! own requirem5ts m or less4 ,9 a book on ar*itecture ( ab\t ! date #ahcf1 elevations & plans are giv5 ( 8a ,fir/-rate ,h\se10 8a ,second-rate ,h\se10 8a ,?ird-rate ,h\se10 & ev5 8a ,f\r?-rate0--q on ! pr9ciple ( railway c>riages1 b go+ "o bett]1 or "o worse4 ,!y all pres5t mode/ /reet frontages ( ab\t tw5ty feet1 duly cem5t$ & pa9t$4 ,!y diff] *iefly 9 ! numb] ( _! /ories1 & consequ5tly w9d[s1 b ! plans & elevations are all ( ! same type1 slightly v>i$ 9 ! details4 ,! 8fir/-rate0 h\se1 ?\gh a little m ornate & classic 9 "s ways is by no means a palace1 & ! f\r?-rate h\se is n exactly a cottage2 ! second-rate is only a *eap] edition ( ! fir/-rate1 & ! ?ird-rate tries to look l ! second-rate1 b is consci\s ( hav+ only "o w9d[ to ! d9+-room4 ,all sport balconies to ! fir/-floor front w9d[s & iron rail+s1 gu>d+ ! gr\nd-floor & basem5t1 only ! f\r?-rate has no basem5t4 ,x is z if ! ar*itect />t$ ) "o elevation & lit]ally cut x d[n to meet ! exig5cies ( second1 ?ird1 & f\r?-rate t5ants--,i _h almo/ said pass5g]s--& 9 /rict accordance ) ! !n build+ acts4 ,^? build+ acts1 p]haps1 are responsible = ! monotony ( our mod]n /reets4 ,al?\gh !y h 9 "s respects be5 modifi$ ( late1 h\ses 9 a /reet or road are oblig$ to dress up to a /raight build+ l9e1 toe+ ! m>k l a file ( soldi]s4 ,or1 p]haps1 m sugge/ive ( a tra9 ( railway c>riages1 :i* only ne$s a locomotive atta*$ to ! end ( ! r[ to pull !m along1 & "o might hope1 out ( sight1 also4 ,!re are miles ( h\ses ( ?is type /ill exi/+ 9 our t[ns1 notably ,london1 = :i* 9 fact ! designs ,i speak ( 7 int5d$1 b ,i h se5 _! l 9 ,liv]pool1 ,dubl91 & else:]e4 ,?\gh c>efully grad$ 9 classes & adju/$ to c]ta9 r5tals1 ! aim ( ! build] has be5 to make ea* pres5t1 on ! outside1 an equally neat & respectable appe>ance4 ,?is is ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( mid-n9ete5? c5tury ideas1 & ! love ( neatness has always be5 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,engli%4 ,! compromise1 also1 betwe5 mode/ requirem5ts1 or %all we say1 betwe5 #e p] c5t4 & a respect = ! ,five ,ord]s1 :i* ! /reet frontages ( ?is p]iod exhibit1 is equally *>act]i/ic4 ,we see ! la/ results ( ! wave ( ,greco-,roman ta/e :i* rul$ f ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury to ! e>ly ,victorian "t4 ,( c\rse we h got beyond all t n[1 ?\gh ! type rema9s1 & 9 "s cases ev51 ) its remnants ( /yle1 af=ds a slight relief & s5se ( repose aft] c]ta9 flamboyant erections 9 t]ra-cotta & plate glass :i* h appe>$ 9 our /reets1 ) ! up-to-date build]s4 ,! type1 z ,i h said1 ( ^! middle-class dwell+s rema9s1 _! *ief *>m z well z decorative po9t be+ 9 ! design ( ! /reet doorway1 ) classical columns or pila/]s & a fanlight (t5 ) a graceful design 9 lead$ glaz+1 too (t5 ru?lessly scoop$ out to make way = blank plate glass4 ,we "k ^? iron rail+s 7protect+ ! area & kit*5 qu>t]s f ! attacks ( ! soldi] & policeman71 ! w9d[s ( ! basem5t timidly peep+ above ! gr\nd z ) half-clos$ eyes2 ! /eps to ! front door :it5$ by successive g5]ations ( devot$ h\semaids2 ! m or less ,doric front door2 ! entrance hall1 or long squeezy passage ) ! umbrella /& z a pr9cipal decoration2 ! /aircase at ! end lead+ to ! upp] rooms2 ! d9+-room op5+ out ( ! a=esaid passage1 ) p]haps a dismal w9d[ 9 ! re>1 comm&+ a f9e prospect ( back y>ds1 unless consid]ately veil$ by f]ns1 or /opp$ out by "s w\ld-be /a9$ glass4 ,! b$rooms ov]1 back & front1 foll[ naturally f su* an obvi\s plan4 ,su* types ( h\ses1 h[ev] out ( date1 ought n to be )\t int]e/ to ! h\se-pa9t] & decorator1 s9ce !y dep5d = keep+ up appe>ances almo/ entirely ^u fre% pa9t--& no?+ is1 z we "k1 8z fre% z pa9t40 ,inde$1 ,i h (t5 notic$ 9 ,london--f t comm&+ em95ce ! top ( a 'bus--h[ ! :ite-pa9t$ old-fa%ion$ fronts ) gre5 doors ( "s ( ! h\ses 9 ,piccadilly1 fac+ ! ,gre5 ,p>k1 donn+ new 8coats0 = ! season1 q put to %ame "s ( _! neighb\rs--! gorge\s /one-built & m>ble-column$ club faades ) all ! grime ( a ,london w9t] ?ick ^u !m4 ,!re is no?+ l lea!r--,i mean pa9t--aft] all6 ,9 fact1 :e!r inside or outside1 ! t[n h\se requires con/antly *e]+ up by ! pa9t] & decorator1 b x mu/ be ! decoration t *e]s b n inebriates--& !re is a good deal ( :at ,i %\ld call inebriat$ decoration ab\t4 ,mu* ( :at is g5]ally kn[n z 8l',art n\veau10 = in/ance1 belongs to ?is category--! wild & :irl+ squirms :i* =m ! *ief ornam5tal unit1 :e!r 9 surface decoration1 furniture con/ruction1 wood c>v+1 inlays1 or textiles--:i* 0 s mu* 9 evid5ce at ! late ,p>is ,exhibition1 & 9 ! pages ( 8,! ,/udio10 :i* is1 moreov]1 g5]ally on ! cont95t consid]$ to be ,engli% 9 its orig94 ,9 "s ( its =ms x c]ta9ly does sugge/ a free translation into ,fr5* or ,g]man ( a k9d ( decorative art associat$ ) ! design]s ( ! ,glasg[ s*ool1 b1 no d\bt1 l all mod]n & mix$ /yles 7l ! melan*oly ( ,jacques 9 8,z y l x071 x is extract$ f _m simples & comp\nd$ ( _m elem5ts4 ,x is said t ! ,emp]or ,augu/us f\nd ,rome ( brick & he left x a city ( m>ble4 ,i %\ld1 contr>iwise1 sugge/ t our decorator1 suppos+ he f\nd ! woodwork ( 8a desirable resid5ce0 gra9$1 %\ld leave x pla9-pa9t+--beg9n+ at ! front door4 ,iron rail+s1 x may be not$1 9 pass+1 are g5]ally pa9t$ 7p]haps f economic reasons7 too d>k a col\r1 :i* d>k5s /ill m 9 ! smoke ( t[ns4 ,a fav\rite hue is a k9d ( beefy r$1 sometimes pick$ out ) gild+1 ?\gh ?is arti/ic t\* is g5]ally res]v$ = public build+s--or ! public h\se4 ,graceful wr\ght ironwork ( a light k9d (t5 looks well pa9t$ :ite or a light cool gre51 b ord9>y ,brunswick-gre5 7( a middle t9t7 has a good appe>ance ) ! :ite w9d[ frames1 reveals & door jambs ( a r$-brick h\se1 ! gre5 be+ repeat$ = ! front door & any outside %utt]s4 ,apropos ( ! heavy r$ pa9t s frequ5tly us$ = ironwork1 ,i ?9k t ! cyl9d]s ( gas-works 7:i* =m su* important items 9 ! sc5]y ( our suburbs7 w\ld be f> less try+ objects if !y 7 pa9t$ a discreet & retir+ cool t9t ( gre51 & ! light ironwork support+ /&>ds or columns pa9t$ :ite4 ,i d n ?9k su* a treatm5t ought to raise ! price ( gas1 b x w\ld c]ta9ly elevate 7or %all we say mitigate7 ! gasomet]1 & x w\ld c]ta9ly dispel ! irresi/ible impression on ! m9d ( ! unprejudic$ t ^! rotundas 7 really huge r\nds ( press$ beef wait+ = "s giant ,cormoran's lun*eon4 ,b we /opp$ at a gre5 door1 ) :ite jambs4 ,de> to "s decorator-pa9t]s' he>ts 7& h&s7 is 8gra9+40 ,wond]ful1 & sometimes fe>ful are its results4 ,i q recognize ! skill sometimes sp5t ^u gra9+--! extraord9>y imitation ( co/ly natural woods :i* a skill$ gra9] c produce ov] ord9>y pa9t$ deal4 ,!re are also motives ( economy1 ,i believe1 to acc\nt = ! p]si/5ce ( gra9+--9 an age ( su* transp>5t hone/y & simple habits z ours 7874 ,! practice1 ,i h he>d1 comm5ds itself 9 "s qu>t]s = ! same reason t influ5c$ ,dame ,primrose 9 ! *oice ( h] w$d+ g[n1 namely1 8= qualities t we> well40 ,no?+ c be a m delightful1 or a m durable l9+ = ! walls ( hall or liv+-room ?an oak panell+1 b no?+1 to my m9d1 c be m sordid & unpleasant ?an ! woodwork ( a room gra9$ to imitate oak4 ,illu/ration3 ,int]ior1 #a;a1 ,holl& ,p>k4 ,design$ by ,philip ,webb ,f a ,photograph by ,w4 ,e4 ,gray ,! "o field :]e skill 9 gra9+ & m>bl+ w\ld be appropriate is t ( /age sc5]y & decoration1 :]e ! object is to imitate1 & :]e ! sc5e has to be quickly *ang$ 9 ob$i5ce to ! dem&s ( ! drama4 ,few int]iors are m pleasant ?an ! :ite-pa9t$ panell$ rooms 9 eighte5?-c5tury h\ses1 a mode :i* "s mod]n ar*itects h reviv$ ) mu* success4 ,!re is no?+ l :ite pa9t = ! wood-"w ( mod]n rooms4 ,x is ! be/ set-(f to wall-pap]s1 & ?\gh _m attempts h be5 made by h\se pa9t]s & decorators to get v>iety ( effect by repeat+ 9 ! /yles & panels ( ! doors "s lead+ t9t ( ! wall-pap]1 ! eye soon tires ( ! r re/less result1 & welcomes pla9 :ite flatt$ pa9t1 leav+ x to ! m\ld+s to give ! necess>y relief4 ,door panels are (t5 consid]$ suitable fields = pa9t$ or o!r decoration2 if1 h[ev]1 door panels are emphasiz$ 9 ?is way1 ! walls w\ld h to be quiet 9 patt]n & col\r1 s z to let ! doors tell z ! *ief decorative po9ts2 9 su* a s*eme !y w\ld naturally be balanc$ by a pa9t$ treatm5t ( a wood mantelpiece & connect$ by a *air rail & panell$ dado1 or wa9scot2 on ! o!r h&1 ) a ri*ly patt]n$ & col\r$ wall ! wood-"w1 if pa9t$1 %\ld be kept pla9 col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t$ ,decoration1 ,ranwor? ,rood ,scre51 ,norfolk ,drawn by ,w4 ,t4 ,cleobury ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t$ ,decoration1 ,ranwor? ,rood ,scre51 ,norfolk ,drawn by ,w4 ,t4 ,cleobury ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t$ ,decoration1 ,ranwor? ,rood ,scre51 ,norfolk ,drawn by ,w4 ,t4 ,cleobury ,if our te*nical s*ools :]e h\se-pa9t+ is taught1 in/ead ( devot+ "t & skill to tea*+ me?ods ( imitative gra9+1 7 to endeav\r to tra9 ! pupils to use ! bru% z decorators & enc\rage !m to design & pa9t simple ornam5tal bord]s1 fill+s1 & friezes1 su* z might be useful 9 int]ior decoration1 & tra9 !m to be able to space out walls ) simple b ta/eful sprays ( leaves & fl[]s1 decoratively treat$1 & pa9t$ by direct clean bru% t\*es1 we %\ld surely see bett] results4 ,foll[+ ! _s ( su* types z ^! f ! ,ranwor? scre5 9 ,norfolk1 = in/ance 7a beautiful piece ( m$iaeval ,engli% "w ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 drawn = me by ,mr4 ,cleobury1 :o has also furni%$ ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum ) a complete set ( draw+s f ! scre571 !y w\ld be do+ mu* m excell5t z well z int]e/+ "w1 "w :i* 9 its practical results ought to prove mu* m pleasant & useful1 bo? to h\se-pa9t]s & to h\se-hold]s4 ,?is might be support$ by prizes be+ (f]$ = su* "w 9 public exhibitions4 ,! att5tion n[ be+ giv5 9 prim>y s*ools to bru%-"w1 if wisely direct$ 9 its effects1 by giv+ facility to "y h&s 9 ! use ( ! bru%1 ) its p[] ( express+ =m by direct /rokes1 ought to be an excell5t aid & prep>ation = su* an aft] tra9+ 9 practical pa9t+ & decorat+ z is "h sugge/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t$ ,decoration1 ,ranwor? ,rood ,scre51 ,norfolk ,drawn by ,w4 ,t4 ,cleobury ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t$ ,decoration1 ,ranwor? ,rood ,scre51 ,norfolk ,drawn by ,w4 ,t4 ,cleobury ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t$ ,decoration1 ,ranwor? ,rood ,scre51 ,norfolk ,drawn by ,w4 ,t4 ,cleobury ,/5cill+ & ! design ( /5cils 7:i* af=ds excell5t practice 9 patt]n con/ruction ( all k9ds to ! design] & decorator71 has be5 develop$ ( late ye>s to r a rem>kable degree by our art s*ools1 z ! ,national competitions be> witness4 ,!re has be5 a t5d5cy to ov]-elaborate ?is k9d ( decoration1 h[ev]1 by complex patt]ns & ! use ( bl5d$ t9ts1 :i* its conditions h>dly be>4 ,?\gh a useful & *eap & effective me?od ( decorat+ l>ge wall spaces1 friezes1 & ev5 tempor>y hang+s1 & = tempor>y decoration g5]ally1 x seems to h its natural limits1 & is h>dly fitt$ = positions ne> ! eye4 ,b ,i h se5 x effectively us$ 9 ! l>ge rooms & r\gh pla/]$ walls ( an ,italian villa1 associat$ ) bold hang+ brocade patt]ns ( a ,go?ic type4 ,9 decid+ on a s*eme = ! decoration ( "o's h\se1 "o mu/ consid] :at are to be ! *ief decorative po9ts1 & endeav\r to lead up to !m4 ,! *oice ( wall-pap]s1 = in/ance1 w\ld naturally be influ5c$ by v>i\s consid]ations4 ,!re is fir/ ! purpose & use ( ! room--d9+1 draw+-room1 libr>y1 liv+-room or b$-room1 or :at n--!re is its aspect & am\nt ( light+4 ,if ! "q be ! col\r+ ( a :ole h\se1 a reasonable s*eme w\ld be to be comp>atively simple & sp>+ ( col\r & ornam5t 9 ! passages1 /aircase1 & less important rooms1 b ) "s connect+ l9k ( col\r lead on to ! important rooms1 :i* might be mu* ri*]1 & v>y mu* f ea* o!r4 ,at ! same "t x is n pleasant to jump sudd5ly f w>m to cool tones1 & a h\se or suite ( rooms might be reasonably plann$ 9 ei!r a w>m or a cool key accord+ to its "*1 situation1 & light+4 ,mu*1 too1 w\ld dep5d ^u ! type ( furniture1 s9ce h\se con/ruction1 decoration1 & furniture1 are prop]ly all closely relat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t$ ,decoration1 ,ranwor? ,rood ,scre51 ,norfolk ,drawn by ,w4 ,t4 ,cleobury ,!re is ! "q ( pictures4 ,x %\ld nev] be a /ruggle = asc5dancy betwe5 ! wall-pap] & ! pictures4 ,pictures may be consid]$ z c5tral po9ts 9 ! decorative s*eme ( a room & ! col\r & patt]n ( ! ma9 field ( ! wall arrang$ & c>efully h>moniz$ to suit !m4 ,! *oice ( t9t mu/ dep5d ^u ! tone & col\r ( ! pictures to "s ext5t1 ?\gh usually a gray-gre5 or subdu$ r$ =ms a suitable backgr\nd1 or pla9 br[n pap]1 :i* is a v safe "o4 ,a :ite wall1 h[ev]1 has m di/9ction1 & pictures 9 gold or black frames look rem>kably well ^u :ite4 ,"o (t5 sees old pictures hang+ on :ite walls 9 old c\ntry h\ses1 & !y always h a f9e & dignifi$ effect4 ,! little ,dut* int]ior by ,van d] ,me] 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 besides be+ a little gem ( pa9t+1 %[s h[ beautiful a ?+ is a :ite wall1 & h[ suitable = pictures & becom+ to p]sons4 ,"o gets a m lum9\s effect 9 a :ite int]ior1 & 9 our t[ns1 :]e !re is none too mu* light1 x is a good ?+ to get rid ( gloomy corn]s4 ,two o!r *>m+ int]iors1 ea* di/9ct & *>act]i/ic ( diff]5t races1 c\ntry1 & climate1 may be /udi$ 9 ! backgr\nd ( ,van ,dyck's wond]ful portrait picture ( ,jan ,arnolf9i & 8 wife1 a ,flemi% int]ior ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & aga9 9 ! delightful h\se ( ! ,virg9 9 ,c>lo ,crivelli's 8,annunciation10 ) all its weal? ( decorative detail1 :i* gives "o an excell5t idea ( a well-appo9t$ ,v5etian citiz5's h\se ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,bo? ( ^! are well-kn[n gems ( our ,national ,gall]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa9t$ ,decoration1 ,ranwor? ,rood ,scre51 ,norfolk ,drawn by ,w4 ,t4 ,cleobury ,illu/rations ( ^! pictures are giv5 9 my book on 8,l9e & ,=m10 s t in/ead ( repeat+ !m "h ,i give "o f ,lucas van ,leyd5's 8,annunciation0 at ,muni* 7,p9aco!k7 :i* %[s a *>m+ ,go?ic int]ior ) a wagon-vault$ ro(1 :eel w9d[1 & a ri* brocade hang+ to ! b$1 ) o!r int]e/+ details4 ,ano!r delightful example is ! e>ly r5asc5ce ,v5etian int]ior :i* =ms ! backgr\nd ( ,c>paccio's 8,dream ( ,/4 ,ursula0 7,l',accademia1 ,v5ice74 ,= photographs or pr9ts a pale yell[ wall looks well--a pale lemon or primrose t9t--x lights up s(tly & agreeably at night4 ,pale yell[ may also be recomm5d$ = a r d>k room4 ,ev5 "o fleck ( sunlight on a pale yell[ wall has a m>vell\s reflect+ p[] & w illum9ate ! :ole room4 ,"o c agreeably complete ! h>mony ) br[n1 or black & :ite1 ) a t\* ( orange 9 ! furniture & texture4 ,z a rule1 9 mod]n draw+-rooms & liv+-rooms1 !re are too _m col\rs1 z well z too mu* furniture4 ,! proportions ( ! ar*itect & ! s*eme ( ! decorator h>dly h a *ance4 8,elizabe? 9 h] ,g]man ,g>d50 speaks ( ! *>m ( rooms newly di/emp]$ & pap]$1 ) no furniture 9 !m2 b ?\gh x might make a pap]-hang] happy1 ,i fe> ?is w\ld be too sev]e = ord9>y ,engli% ta/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,flemi% ,fifte5?-,c5tury ,int]ior ,lucas van ,leyd51 8,! ,annunciation10 ,muni*1 ,p9aco!k ,i rememb] a g5tleman at ,los ,angeles1 ,cali=nia1 %[+ me ) pride a room 9 8 villa he _h pap]$ ) a gorge\s wall-pap] ) lots ( gold 9 x4 ,he consid]$ x suffici5t 9 itself1 an end & n a means1 & app>5tly _h no int5tion ( di/urb+ or obscur+ ! design by pictures or furniture1 except p]haps a *air or a c\* f :i* to contemplate ! spl5d\rs ( ! patt]n4 ,i ?9k !re is a good deal to be said = ! adoption ( ! ,ea/]n idea ( a divan = we/]n salons--seats all r\nd ! room & 9 ! w9d[s1 ) small moveable c(fee-tables4 ,ladies :o ent]ta9 w\ld f9d ?is a v conv5i5t arrangem5t = 8at home0 days1 & ) a p>quet floor ! "y p w\ld only h to roll up ! rugs to f9d danc+ room at %ort notice4 ,! hall1 or h\se place ( old ,engli% h\ses1 no d\bt easily l5t itself to hospitable & social ga!r+s1 ! long tables & b5*es rang$ along ! walls leav+ pl5ty ( floor space = games or danc+1 :ile ! +le-nook invit$ ! gossips & /ory-tell]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,c>paccio's 8,! ,dream ( ,/4 ,ursula10 ,accademia1 ,v5ice ,f a ,photograph by ,&]son ,! revival ( ! hall or liv+-room ) ! +le-nook is a notewor?y feature 9 rec5t c\ntry h\ses4 ,9 fact1 9 ! design & con/ruction ( ! small c\ntry h\ses or c\ntry cottages built ( late ye>s1 mo/ly z retreats = work]s 9 t[ns1 arti/s & o!rs1 we f9d ! mo/ successful1 attractive1 & *>act]i/ic build+s ( our "t1 probably4 ,! cottages design$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,a4 ,voysey1 = in/ance1 ) r\gh-ca/ batt5$ & buttress$ walls1 gre5 or ,:itl& ,abbey slates1 gre5 outside %utt]s1 & :ite casem5ts1 h ! *>m ( neatness1 qua9tness1 & simplicity1 an utt] abs5ce ( pret5ti\sness & %[1 & a reg>d = ! "* ( _! site4 ,!re are "s *>m+ cottages ( ?is type at ,b\rnville1 already ref]r$ to1 design$ by ,mr4 ,h>vey1 ! "y ar*itect ( ! e/ate4 ,i give "o "h ( my son's 7,mr4 ,lionel ,francis ,crane7 design--a timb] cottage 9 ! rec5t 8,cottages ,exhibition0 at ,g>d5 ,city4 ,9 design+ a c\ntry h\se1 an ar*itect is ( c\rse mu* less fett]$ ?an ) a t[n or /reet site1 & he c frame x 9 a g>d51 :i* is an important decorative adjunct or sett+ to a c\ntry h\se or cottage4 ,x is possible also to make x fit into or ev5 become a "p ( ! sc5]y1 especially if local mat]ials are employ$4 ,inde$1 x seems to me1 t ! secret ( h>moni\s effect 9 build+ lies 9 ! use ( local mat]ials z reg>ds c\ntry h\ses4 ,! beauty ( our old ca/les1 abbeys1 c\ntry h\ses & cottages is greatly ow+ to ?is4 ,we feel !y are 9 h>mony ) ! "* & col\r ( ! sc5]y1 & h become p>ts ( ^!1 indep5d5tly ( ! effects ( "t4 ,9 ! pres5t awak5+ ( ! public m9d to ! importance ( ! h\s+ "q1 & ! want ( sub/antial1 com=table1 z well z comely dwell+s = ! p1 especially 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts1 mu* att5tion has be5 direct$ to cottage build+1 & a practical ef=t is be+ made by ! ,g>d5 ,city ,association to solve ! "q 9 ! competitive exhibition 9 cottage design & build+ !y rec5tly organiz$4 ,! "q is1 z usual1 complicat$ by ! comm]cial "q ( pr(it & p]c5tages on inve/$ capital4 ,illu/ration3 ,cottage 9 ! ,g>d5 ,city1 ,let*wor?1 ,h]ts ,ar*itect1 ,lionel ,f4 ,crane4 ,build]1 ,frank ,newton1 ,hit*9 ,illu/ration3 ,int]ior ( ,cottage at ,let*wor? ,ar*itect1 ,lionel ,f4 ,crane4 ,! ,furniture by ,a4 ,heal 7,messrs4 ,heal & ,son7 ,7 ! object solely ! national welf>e1 z x %\ld be1 cottages c\ld be design$ & built good to live 9 & seemly to look at4 ,objections h be5 made to ! local bye-laws1 b s f> z ,i am aw>e ^! bye-laws are only int5d$ to secure ! m9imum conditions necess>y to heal? & com=t1 & w\ld 9 no way int]f]e ) ! erection ( well-built & sightly cottages4 ,?at*1 x is true1 is ,i believe1 9 "s c\nties =bidd5 on acc\nt ( dang] f fire 7probably really increas$ by ! use ( l[-fla% oil 9 *eap lamps71 b = deta*$ cottages ) ! use ( iron la?s & re$ ?at* 7z ,mr4 ,rob]t ,williams has po9t$ out7 su* dang] is r$uc$ to a m9imum1 & c]ta9ly !re are ?at*$ cottages & b>ns1 & ev5 *ur*es1 9 ,engl& :i* h la/$ hundr$s ( ye>s1 & ?at*1 aft] all1 makes an excell5t ro(1 cool 9 summ] & w>m 9 w9t]1 & pleasant to look ^u4 ,illu/ration3 ,int]ior ( ,cottage at ,let*wor? ,ar*itect1 ,lionel ,f4 ,crane4 ,! ,furniture by ,a4 ,heal 7,messrs4 ,heal & ,son7 ,illu/ration3 ,/oneywell ,cottage1 ,ext]ior ,erne/ ,w4 ,gimson1 ,ar*itect ,h[ *>m+ a cottage c be made1 h[ picturesque & pleas+ ?\gh q new1 h[ p]fectly 9 keep+ ) its surr\nd+s & fitt$ to its site1 ,i lately _h an opportunity ( see+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,leice/]4 ,i allude to a c]ta9 cottage design$ by ,mr4 ,erne/ ,gimson4 ,! int]ior also 0 an illu/ration ( h[ decorative rooms c\ld look ) h>dly any decoration4 ,?is is a h>d say+ = decorators1 b my impression 0 t :itewa%$ walls1 pla9 oak5 furniture1 only reliev$ by ,william ,morris's pr9t$ cotton 9 ! %ape ( w9d[ curta9s or loose cu%ions "h & !re1 7 suffici5tly decorative consid]+ ! designs & conditions ( ! /ructure ( ! h\se4 ,) glimpses ( ! wild hill-side & ! beautiful woodl& l&scape beyond !m se5 ?r\gh ! deep-set w9d[s1 !re seem$ no ne$ = l&scapes on ! walls--bad news = poor froz5-out picture-pa9t]s aga96 ,! reign ( ! big plate-glass w9d[1 ,i believe1 is ov]1 & c]ta9ly 9 su* a climate z ours "o ne$s z a rule to be assur$ "o is really indoors4 ,c]ta9ly1 no?+ makes s mu* diff]5ce to ! aspect & com=t ( a room or h\se z ! position & size ( ! w9d[s4 ,i h a pref]5ce = casem5ts ) pla9-lead+1 & if ! w9d[ is high1 /a9$ glass may f9d an appropriate place above ! transoms1 or 9 w9d[s :]e veil$ light is ne$$1 or pla9 r\ndels :]e a view f )9 or )\t is n desir$4 ,!re is no d\bt a det]m9$ ef=t 9 ! direction ( a return to simplicity1 bo? 9 h\se design+1 furniture1 & decorations on ! "p ( ! m ref9$ & cultur$1 z a reaction p]haps aga9/ ! o/5tation & luxury ( ! appo9tm5ts ( ! extremely & newly ri*1 & ! pret5ti\sness ( ! decorations ( mon/] hotels1 :]e co>se imitations ( decad5t p]iods ( ,fr5* art d duty = spl5d\r1 ?\gh ev5 "h ( late ! simpl] ta/e has ass]t$ itself4 ,!re is inde$ "s dang] t oak or gre5-/a9$ furniture & :itewa%$ walls may come to be consid]$ z outw>d & visible signs ( an inw>d & spiritual grace1 :5 p]haps !y are only ! fa%ion4 8,h no?+ 9 y\r h\se b :at y believe to be beautiful or :at y "k is useful10 0 ! /raight=w>d advice ( t great cons]vative revolutioni/ 9 ,engli% decorative art & o!r ?+s--,william ,morris--& he c]ta9ly act$ up to x 9 8 own h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,/oneywell ,cottage1 ,int]ior ( ,liv+-room ,furniture ,design$ by ,erne/ ,w4 ,gimson1 ,sidney ,h4 ,b>nsley1 & ,erne/ ,a4 ,b>nsley ,z to ! useful1 !re are no complications ab\t t4 ,a room ) a def9ite purpose has "*1 & is always m or less picturesque4 ,! kit*5 is g5]ally ! mo/ picturesque room 9 ! h\se1 yet usually entirely devoid ( :at may be call$ decoration4 ,its objects ( art are m]ely ! tools ( ! work%op1 ! bright brass & copp] vessels1 ! di%-cov]s gleam+ l poli%$ arm\r f ! :ite walls4 ,! r[s ( blue & :ite plates & di%es ^u ! dress]1 & all ! simple b suffici5t h& tools ( ! cook's (fice ab\t1 easily make up an attractive ,dut* picture4 ,illu/ration3 ,old ,engli% ,f>mh\se ,int]ior 7,k5t7 ,f a ,sket* by ,walt] ,crane ,! real ae/hetic dang]s come 9 to ! rooms :i* h no visible means ( subsi/5ce1 s to speak4 ,! d9+-room1 p]haps = ?is reason1 is m successful g5]ally ?an ! draw+-room1 & !re exi/s a sort ( tradition t x %\ld be w>m & ri* 9 col\r4 ,silv] plate (t5 gleams pleasantly f ! sidebo>d1 & ! furniture is simple & massive 9 its l9es4 ,an old ,engli% d9+-room1 ) ,*ipp5dale or ,%]aton furniture1 has a "* & di/9ction ( its own4 ,a libr>y1 aga91 is almo/ sure to look a habitable room1 & !re are few m agreeable l9+s to walls ?an books1 & "h we mu/ dep5d ^u ! ta/e ( ! b9d]s1 z well z on ! furniture provid$ = ! m9d4 ,!re w\ld1 h[ev]1 be room = ! pr(essional decorator ^u ! ceil+1 & ,i m9d me ( ! lovely pla/] ceil+s to be met ) 9 sixte5?-c5tury h\ses1 sometimes armorial1 sometimes emblematic--su* z ^? at ,knole & ,blickl+4 ,9 pla/] "w we h a beautiful & p]man5t k9d ( decoration :i* we owe to ,italy1 b :i* seems to h become q dome/icat$ "h1 & to h develop$ its own =ms ) u4 ,! pla9 :ite1 flat ceil+ ( ! ord9>y mod]n dwell+-h\se is ! la/ relic1 & ev5 ?is us$ to h a big pla/] rose screw$ up 9 ! middle1 f :i* spr\t$ ! gaseli]2 b "o ne$ n regret ! dep>ture ( bo? excresc5ces 9 fav\r ( ! clean & p5dul\s %ad$ electric light1 ) light & simple brass or copp] fitt+s4 ,our pla/]]s1 h[ev]1 might be able to ?r[ "s delicate ribs or pleasant spac+ ( simple sprays & devices ^u ! invit+ pla9 ( :ite pla/] ov] our heads1 or1 if n1 :y n let ! joi/s %[ & pa9t or /5cil !m ) runn+ leaf patt]ns1 or pa9t !m black1 leav+ :ite pla/] betwe58 ,mr4 ,george ,walton1 "o ( ! mo/ ta/eful & orig9al decorators 9 ! new] mode1 & "u ! ,glasg[ influ5ce1 %[$ a new treatm5t ( a ceil+ 9 glass & metal1 toge!r ) a completely decorat$ & fitt$ int]ior at ! rec5t ,glasg[ ,exhibition4 ,a pla/] ceil+ dem&s a frieze1 & bo? may be effective ei!r pla9 or col\r$4 ,?is w\ld dep5d ^u :e!r a light1 d>k1 or ri* effect 7 requir$ 9 ! room4 ,!re is mu* *>m 9 ! col\r$ treatm5t ( pla/]1 especially ( figure designs 9 l[ relief z 9 ! "w ( ,mr4 ,ann+ ,bell1 ,mr4 ,pom]oy1 & ,mr4 ,g]ald ,moira1 ?\gh ^! require l>ge rooms1 public halls1 or *ur*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,combe ,bank1 ,sev5oaks1 ! ,saloon ,! ,/amp$ ,lea!r1 ,pla/] ,ceil+1 ,*imney ,brea/1 small] ,frieze ,panels1 & ,door ,panels ,design$1 ,modell$1 & ,pa9t$ by ,walt] ,crane ,illu/ration3 ,pr9t$ ,cretonne ,hang+1 8,def5d ! ,"r0 ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,illu/ration3 ,pr9t$ ,cretonne ,hang+1 8,bon ,voyage0 ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,i h design$ decorations 7ceil+s & friezes7 9 pla/] & 9 /ucco1 & gesso work$ 9 situ4 ,^!1 9 sev]al in/ances1 7 gild$ or silv]$ & lacqu]$ s z to produce a l[-ton$ metallic effect4 ,?is ornam5t h>monizes ) ri*ly col\r$ & r d>k-ton$ walls hung ) silk or ,spani% lea!r2 b ^! 7 by no means cottage int]iors4 ,= a cottage or small c\ntry h\se1 pr9t$ cretonne1 us$ z hang+s = ! l[] walls ( a room1 has an attractive effect if suitable 9 patt]n & col\r1 hav+ a fre%1 clean1 & ev5 gay effect ) :ite woodwork & furniture4 ,! mo/ com=table1 & at ! same "t ! mo/ romantic1 also1 ,i fe> x mu/ be add$1 ! mo/ exp5sive1 way ( decorat+ walls is by hang+ !m ) arras tape/ry su* z t produc$ by ,william ,morris4 ,! d9+-room ( ! ,engli% ,h\se at ! la/ ,p>is ,univ]sal ,exhibition 0 panell$ 9 oak up to ab\t six or eight feet1 & ! space above to ! cornice 0 hung ) ,morris arras tape/ry1 design$ by ,burne-,jones & himself1 %[+ ! leg5d ( ,k+ ,ar?ur's knights & ! ,holy ,grail4 ,! simplicity1 yet ri*ness & dignity ( effect has a /rik+ contra/ to ! m clamor\s decorations ( "s ( its neighb\rs1 among :i*1 h[ev]1 ! ,spani% ,pavilion 0 an exception4 ,complete s*emes = wall decorations 7includ+ field1 frieze1 dado1 & ceil+71 c1 h[ev]1 be _h 9 wall-pap]1 :i*1 ) pla9 pa9t+ = ! mode/ citiz51 rema9s ! *ief me?od ( int]ior mural decoration4 ,a frieze usually height5s & light5s ! effect ( a room1 & its junction ) ! field c be utiliz$ = a picture-rail1 ! wall space f ! picture-rail to ! skirt+ be+ cov]$ ) ri* or quiet patt]n1 z ! p>ticul> s*eme may dem&4 ,sometimes a patt]n$ frieze does well above a pla9 t9t$ wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,wall-pap]1 8,lily0 ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,illu/ration3 ,wall-pap]1 8,dawn0 ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,i v5ture "h to give "s illu/rations ( "s ( my rec5t wall-pap] designs1 by p]mission ( ! mak]s1 ,messrs4 ,jeff]y & ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,wall-pap]1 ,lion ,frieze & ,rose ,bu% ,fill+ ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,! blue & :ite lily patt]n 7s+le pr9ts7 w\ld be suitable :]e a bold effect 0 desir$ = a dado or field ( l[] wall ) pla9 :ite1 or a quiet frieze above4 ,x might be useful 9 halls & passages4 ,! r ornate design call$ 8,dawn10 ) ! figure m$allion1 might be us$ = a draw+-room 9 quiet tones4 ,! blue & ! br[n be+ re-e*o$ 9 ! hang+s & furniture ) :ite wood-"w4 ,! 8,rose ,bu%0 w\ld be appropriate to a d9+ or liv+-room :]e a r d>k & ri* effect 0 aim$ at4 ,x w\ld h>monize ) oak fram+ & furniture4 ,! 8,olive ,spray0 might be g5]ally useful1 & w\ld answ] z a backgr\nd = pictures4 ,:5 wall-pap] is us$ = ceil+s ! walls %\ld be comp>atively quiet4 ,i h f\nd ! 8,v9e ,trellis0 patt]n has a good effect ) a pla9 t9t on ! walls1 & is especially useful 9 cov]+ ! r blank & ugly pla/]$ s(fit ( ! /aircase :i* s (t5 meets ! eye 9 a t[n-h\se ( ! old] type4 8,! ,cockatoo0 w\ld answ] 9 a l>ge room :]e an ornate effect 0 desir$1 or x c\ld be us$ z a frieze above panell+1 or a pla9 t9t4 ,! 8,oak ,tree0 is on simpl] l9es & rectangul> 9 feel+1 comb9+ a bord]$ field ) a frieze4 ,9 *oos+ wall pap]s to suit p>ticul> rooms1 reg>d %\ld be _h to ! "* ( ! l9es ( ! patt]n z well z ! col\r1 be>+ 9 m9d t a patt]n :i* runs into m>k$ v]tical l9es w\ld t5d to increase ! app>5t height ( a room1 :]eas a patt]n ( m>k$ horizontal feel+ w\ld t5d to make a room look l[] & long]4 ,illu/ration3 ,wall-pap]1 8,olive ,spray0 ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,illu/ration3 ,wall-pap]1 8,! ,cockatoo & ,pomegranate0 ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,illu/ration3 ,wall-pap] ,decoration 8,! ,oak ,tree0 ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,9 design+ complete s*emes = wall-pap] "o's aim has be5 to balance ! diff]5t quantities ( patt]n 9 ! diff]5t p>ts1 & to re-e*o ! lead+ l9es1 masses1 & col\rs by diff]5t exp$i5ts1 s z to keep an ess5tial relation%ip betwe5 ea* "p4 ,relation%ip is1 ( c\rse1 ! ess5tial 9 all decoration1 o!rwise x becomes a pat*work ( conflict+ patt]n & col\r4 ,x matt]s n :at our mat]ials may be1 or by :at means1 co/ly or simple1 we seek to obta9 our effect1 :e!r by pa9t+1 c>v+1 gild+ & ri* textiles1 metal or pla/] "w1 /amp$ lea!r or wall-pap]1 /5cill+1 tiles & pla9 pa9t+ or /a9$ wood & :itewa%4 ,all mu/ be 9 keep+1 & seem fit & 9 its "r place & proportion1 & suitable to its conditions & surr\nd+s2 ri* & spl5did if ! aim is to be ri* & spl5did1 simple & quiet if ! aim is to be simple & quiet2 b )\t ! pret5ce ( ri*ness or obtrusive display on ! "o h&1 or ! extreme rud5ess1 baldness1 & ugl9ess :i* sometimes accompany :at looks l ! affectation ( simplicity on ! o!r4 ,,( ,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,ta/e ,,9 ,,dress ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,art ,,education4 ,if ta/e 9 dress c\ld be trac$ to1 or its cultivation & ex]cise 7 solely due to1 ! influ5ce ( ! con/ant /udy ( beautiful =ms & f9e hi/orical models 9 design1 z well z ( ! liv+ human figure1 we might be ju/ifi$ 9 look+ to our s*ools ( art to give u ! be/ types & /&>ds 9 co/ume4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 too _m miss+ l9ks betwe5 ! ord9>y art /ud5t & ! practical design]1 betwe5 ! ta/eful p]son & ! lead] ( fa%ion1 to enable u to prove a close connection ( cause & effect 9 ! matt]4 ,no d\bt ! g5]al & ext5d$ cultivation ( a k ( art ev5 on ! ord9>y art-s*ool l9es has contribut$ n a little to ! g5]al int]e/ 9 arti/ic que/ions1 & quick5$ ! av]age eye to "s ext5t2 b x mu/ be said t we h n yet succe$$ 9 mak+ our s*ools ( art rem>kable z s\rces ( inv5tion1 ( initiative1 or1 on ! :ole1 di/+ui%$ = capacity ( arti/ic selection4 ,we %\ld be expect+ too mu*1 p]haps1 to look = ^! ?+s f tra9+ gr\nds4 ,we ought to be satisfi$ if !y ultimately turn out a fair av]age ( capable arti/s1 or1 r1 enable /ud5ts to become capable arti/s4 ,ev5 if all s*ools 7 equally well equipp$ 9 respect ( models & tea*+ /aff1 "u ! pres5t sy/em !re is practically b little m>g9 left by ! regime ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education = individual exp]im5t & inquiry (f ! ma9 l9es ( ! prescrib$ c\rses ( /udy 9 :i* passes or hon\rs are obta9able4 ,! c\rses & classes ( /udy are arrang$ 9 c]ta9 /]eotyp$ ways1 s t x becomes an object to atta9 a c]ta9 me*anical pr(ici5cy 9 c]ta9 me?ods ( draw+1 & ! repres5tation ( a c]ta9 range ( =ms1 9 ord] to obta9 c]tificates1 r ?an to cultivate ! s5se ( beauty 9 individuals ) a view to ! public b5efit & ! rais+ ( ! /&>d ( ta/e4 ,^! defects are1 x seems to me1 insep>able f any attempt to tea* art & ta/e 9 s*ools 7t is to say by precept & pr9ciple r ?an by practice71 & ^u a uni=m sy/em direct$ f a c5tral dep>tm5t4 ,su* an organization mu/ necess>ily t5d to become rigid & "w accord+ to r\t9e1 & its adm9i/rators' be/ faculties are apt to be too mu* absorb$ 9 ma/]+ ! details & rules ( ! sy/em itself1 & 9 ! work+ ( x1 to be able to ?9k out1 mu* less to adopt1 vivify+ *anges f "t to "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,greek ,drap]y1 ,temple ( ,nik ,apt]os1 ,a!ns ,at c]ta9 /ages1 no d\bt1 by its comm& ( exp]t op9ion1 su* a ,dep>tm5t may be ( s]vice to ! s*ools ( ! c\ntry collectively 9 sett+ up a /&>d ( ta/e1 & advanc+ x f "t to "t by means ( ! national competitions1 :i* are ! means ( in/itut+ in/ructive comp>isons betwe5 ! "w ( diff]5t s*ools4 ,b ! real educat+ aft] influ5ces2 ! inspir+ & ref9+ s\rces ( arti/ic inv5tion 9 design mu/ be f\nd 9 ! spl5did array ( examples ( anci5t art ( all k9ds 9 our museums & gall]ies--:i* are m9es ( arti/ic weal? to ! /ud5t & ! design]4 ,yet ! mo/ ord9>y art-s*ool tra9+ _c be )\t its effect1 ev5 if only negative4 ,! m]e practice ( cultivat+ ! obs]vation & unit+ x ) a c]ta9 p[] ( depict+ =m is an education 9 itself1 & gives p fre% eyes = nature & life4 ,! m]e effect ^u ! eye & feel+ ( foll[+ ! pure l9es & =ms ( antique ,greek sculpture1 & ! sev]e & expressive l9es ( drap]y c h>dly be )\t a practical influ5ce to "s degree ev5 ^u ! lea/ impressionable4 ,at all ev5ts1 we h liv+ arti/s1 _m ( :om h surviv$ ! usual art-s*ool or ,academic tra9+1 & :o ?r\gh _! works h c]ta9ly influ5c$ contempor>y ta/e 9 dress1 at lea/ z f> z ! co/ume ( wom5 is conc]n$4 ,i ?9k !re c be no d\bt1 = in/ance1 ( ! influ5ce 9 our "t ( :at is commonly kn[n z ! pre-,raphaelite s*ool1 & its lat] repres5tatives 9 ?is direction2 f ! influ5ce ( ,rossetti 7:i* lately1 inde$1 seems to h reviv$ & r5ew$ itself 9 v>i\s ways7 to ! influ5ce ( ,william ,morris & ,edw>d ,burne-,jones4 ,b x is an influ5ce :i* nev] ow$ any?+ to ,academic tea*+4 ,"u ! new impulse--! new inspiration ( ! mid-c5tury f ! pur] & simpl] l9es1 =ms1 & col\rs ( e>ly m$iaeval art1 ! dress ( wom5 9 our own "t may be said to h be5 q trans=m$ = a :ile1 & ?\gh ! p5dulum ( fa%ion sw+s to & fro1 x does n mu* affect1 except 9 "s small details1 a di/9ct type ( dress :i* has become associat$ ) arti/ic p--^? :o s]i\sly /udy & consid] ( ! highe/ value & importance beautiful & h>moni\s surr\nd+s 9 daily life4 ,beg9n+ 9 ! h\seholds ( ! arti/s !mselves1 ! type ( dress to :i* ,i allude1 by imitation 7:i* is ! s9c]e/ =m ( flatt]y--or insult1 z "s w h x7 x soon became spread abroad until1 9 ! sev5ties & e>ly eighties1 we saw ! fa%ionable _w & ! /age ap+1 ) m or less grotesque vulg>ity1 :at x 0 fa9 to ?9k 7 ! fa%ions ( ! inn] & mo/ ref9$ arti/ic cult4 ,comm]ce1 ev] ready to dot ! i's & cross ! t's ( any?+ t spells increas$ pr(its1 0 n sl[ to flood ! m>ket ) :at 7 labell$ 8art-col\rs0 & 8ae/hetic0 fabrics ( all k9ds2 b :atev] vulg>ity1 absurdity1 & ins9c]ity might h be5 mix$ up by its enemies ) :at 0 kn[n z ! ae/hetic movem5t1 x und\bt$ly did indicate a g5]al desire = great] beauty 9 ord9>y life & gave u _m *>m+ mat]ials & col\rs :i*1 9 comb9ation ) g5u9e ta/e1 produc$ "s v beautiful z well z simple dresses3 :ile its ma9 effect is se51 & cont9ues to be se5 ^u ! dome/ic backgr\nd ( int]ior fitt+s1 furniture1 furniture-fabrics & wall-pap]4 ,! giddy1 aimless masqu]ade ( fa%ion cont9ues1 h[ev]1 p]haps n )\t a sort ( secret alliance ) ! exig5cies ( ! factory & ! m>ket1 & x has lately reviv$1 9 "p1 ! modes ( ! gr&mo!rs ( ! pres5t g5]ation1 b1 z is (t5 ! fate ( revivals1 has some:at vulg>iz$ !m 9 ! process4 ,mod]n dress seems to be mu* 9 ! same position z mod]n ar*itecture4 ,9 bo? x looks z if ! p]iod ( organic /yle & spontane\s gr[? has be5 pass$1 & t we c only attempt1 p5d+ important & dra/ic social *anges1 to revive c]ta9 types1 & endeav\r z be/ we c to adapt !m to mod]n requirem5ts4 ,yet ar*itects are bold] ?an dressmak]s4 ,!y ?9k no?+ ( go+ back to classic or m$iaeval times = models1 :ile ! modi/e g5]ally does n v5ture mu* fur!r ?an fifty or a hundr$ ye>s back1 & some:at timidly at t4 ,small modifications1 small *anges & adaptations are always tak+ place1 b x g5]ally takes a decade to *ange ! type ( dress4 ,illu/ration3 ,,types ,,( ,,arti/ic ,,dress ,reg>d+ dress z a dep>tm5t ( design1 l design1 we may consci\sly br+ to be> ^u x ! results ( arti/ic exp]i5ce & k ( =m4 ,n[1 a /udy ( ! human figure tea*es "o to respect x4 ,x does n induce a wi% to ignore its l9es 9 clo?+ x1 to contradict its proportions1 or to misrepres5t its "*4 ,x seems curi\s1 !n1 t ! c\rses ( /udy f ! antique & ! life usual at our art s*ools d n h a great] effect ^u ta/e & *oice 9 co/ume ?an !y appe> to h4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 h[ev]1 ! _m cross+ influ5ces t come 91 ! _m motives & hidd5 causes t be>1 9 ! complexity ( mod]n exi/5ce1 ^u ! "q1 & ! /rong] social motive p[]s :i* det]m9e ! =ms ( mod]n dress4 ,fundam5tally1 we may say dress is m or less a "q ( climate4 ,pure utility w\ld be satisfi$ if ! w>m? is fairly di/ribut$1 & ! action ( ! body & limbs is free4 ,! *ild ) a loose tunic1 leav+ arms & legs b>e & free1 /ill repres5ts primitive & classic man2 & he also (t5 satisfies ! arti/4 ,b ! *ild is free to gr[1 to get z mu* joy out ( life z x c4 ,x does n feel "u ! necessity ( pleas+ ,mrs4 ,grundy1 except p]haps :5 mud-pies are 8(f40 ,illu/ration3 ,,types ,,( ,,*ildr5',s ,,dress ,,utility ,,simplicity ,,picturesqu5ess ,primitive1 aga91 & picturesque is ! dress ( ! lab\r]1 pl\ghman1 fi%]man1 navvy2 ?\gh purely adapt$ to use & s]vice4 ,concessions to ae/heticism1 if any1 only come 9 by way ( a col\r$ neck]*ief1 ! broid]y ( a smock frock1 or ! patt]n ( knitt$ j]sey4 ,yet ea* & all are con/ant & fav\rite subjects ( ! mod]n pa9t]4 ,:y8 ,fundam5tally1 ,i ?9k1 because _! dress is expressive ( _! occupation & "*1 z may be said ( ! dress ( all work+ p4 ,! peasantry 9 all ,european c\ntries alone h pres]v$ any:]e national & local picturesqu5ess & "* 9 _! dress2 (t51 too1 :]e x /ill l+]s unspoil$1 z 9 ,greece1 & 9 ,hung>y & ,bohemia1 adorn$ ) beautiful embroid]y work$ by ! wom5 !mselves4 ,! la/ relics ( hi/oric & traditional co/ume mu/ be s\ght !re=e among ! p1 & = picturesqu5ess we mu/ /ill seek ! lab\r]4 ,?is seems a /range comm5t>y ^u all mod]n pa9/ak+1 consci\s ef=ts to atta9 ! natural1 simple1 beautiful1 & suitable 9 dress1 to be at once heal?y & arti/ic4 ,!re really ought n to be s mu* difficulty ab\t x4 ,if we liv$ simple1 useful1 & beautiful lives1 we c\ld n help be+ picturesque 9 ! highe/ s5se4 ,!re is ! mod]n difficulty4 ,we are driv5 back f e po9t to ! ev]-pres5t social "q4 ,illu/ration3 ,,types ,,( ,,work+ ,,dress ,,utility ,,picturesqu5ess ,illu/ration3 ,hung>ian ,peasant ,co/ume3 a ,transylvanian ,bride ,sket*$ at ,banffy ,hunyad1 ,transylvania ,illu/ration3 ,hung>ian ,peasant ,f>m] ,sket*$ at ,banffy ,hunyad1 ,transylvania ,!re=e1 x seems to me t1 ?\gh highly valuable & educational1 we mu/ n rely entirely ^u consci\s cultivation & consci\s ef=t to lift ! "q ( dress above vulg>ity & affectation4 ,mod]n society enc\rages ! ideal ( d-no?+ness1 s t x becomes an object to get rid ( ! outw>d signs ( y\r p>ticul> occupation z soon z y cease "w1 if y are a work]1 & to look z if y nev] did any if y are n4 ,?is notion1 comb9$ p]haps ) ! gradual degradation ( all manual lab\r "u ! mod]n sy/em1 has comb9$ ) bus9ess habits & ,engli% love ( neatness1 & p]haps prosaic & ,puritan pla9ness1 to produce ! conv5tional co/ume ( ! mod]n 8g5tleman0--really ! bus9ess man or b\rgeois citiz54 ,! rul+ type always prevails1 & /amps its image & sup]scription ^u life ev]y:]e4 ,?us ! outw>d & visible signs ( ! prosp]\s & respectable1 ! p[]ful & important1 h come to be ! frock-coat & tall hat--gradually evolv$ f ! broad-brim & squ>e cut j]k9 ( ! ,puritan ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,ev5 ! mod]n g5tleman1 :5 he takes to actually do+ some?+1 or play+ at some?+1 becomes at once m or less picturesque4 ,! flannels ( ! cricket]1 & ! boat+ man1 ! p>ti-col\r$ j]seys ( our football teams--! mod]n equival5t1 ,i suppose1 ( ! knightly coat h]aldry ( ! li/s--all h a c]ta9 "* & expressiv5ess4 ,! co/ume ( ! cycli/ aga9 is ano!r in/ance ( adaptation to pursuit alli$ to picturesqu5ess1 s9ce x ackn[l$ges at lea/ ! =m ( figure1 & especially ! legs1 lo/ 9 ord9>y civilian co/ume4 ,9 ! v>i\s =ms ( rid+-dress1 aga91 we get a c]ta9 fre$om & v>iety 9 co/ume ?r\gh adaptation1 bo? 9 m5 & wom5's dress4 ,:at mod]n co/ume really lacks is n s mu* "* & picturesqu5ess1 z beauty & romance--a g5]al indictm5t :i* might be br\ght aga9/ mod]n life4 ,we are really rul$ by ! dead weight ( ! prosaic1 ! prud5t1 ! timid1 ! respectable1 ov] & above ! specializ+ adaptive necessities ( utility be=e m5tion$4 ,:5 we turn f ! prosaic picturesqu5ess ( su* specializ$ dresses to ! region ( pure ornam5t1 z 9 ! mod]n full or ev5+ dress ( m5 & wom51 :at d we f9d8 ,z f> z m5 are conc]n$ pure conv5tion1 ! sev]e/ simplicity1 )\t beauty1 & almo/ )\t ornam5t1 &1 except 9 ! case ( ^? entitl$ to we> ord]s1 conf9$ to /uds1 wat*-*a91 etc4 ,! clo!s1 ! negation ( col\r--black1 enliv5$ only by :ite l95 & :ite wai/coat1 & pat5t lea!r4 ,i h "h drawn a contra/ betwe5 a g5tleman's dress ( ! pres5t "t & "o ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,bo? are extremely simple 9 design2 b ! m$iaeval "o alone c claim beauty ( design1 z x is true to ! l9es ( ! figure1 & does n cut x up by %>p divisions & contra/s4 ,9 ! repression ( ornam5t we may detect ano!r influ5ce1 t ( mon>*ical & ari/ocratic in/itutions4 ,s9ce if ornam5ts 7 freely worn by ord9>y citiz5s1 :at w\ld become ( ! d\btful di/9ction ( ribbons & />s4 ,! ord9>y citiz51 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 individual ta/e1 might h f9] jewell]y & bett] design ^u him ?an ! c\rti] & ! diplomati/4 ,t w\ld nev] d1 ( c\rse4 ,! same rock ahead w be f\nd1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! case ( tr\s]s4 ,knee bree*es1 silk /ock+s1 & buckl$ %oes are obvi\sly m elegant & becom+ ?an tubes ( black clo?2 b if ! ord9>y citiz5 takes to !m :at becomes ( ! (ficial dignity ( ! gold5 footman1 or ( ! cab9et m9i/] at c\rt1 my ,"l ,mayor1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 & o!r notabilities8 ,m5's dress hav+ be5 r$uc$ to ! extreme ( pla9ness 9 ord9>y life1 any relics ( antiquity are us$ to d5ote (ficial position1 & ! v pla9ness ( ev5+ dress is made use ( to set (f ! decorations ( c\rtly p]sons4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,contra/ ,,mod]n ,,m$iaeval ,,simplicity #ai? ,,c5tury #ad? ,,c5tury ,^! are a few ( ! complexities :i* att5d any s]i\s attempt to re=m m5's dress4 ,!y s]ve to conv9ce "o t co/ume is really controll$ by ! =ms ( social life1 condition1 occupation1 rank1 g5]al tradition1 s5tim5t1 & s5se ( fitness1 s t we c only reasonably expect great *anges 9 ! outsides ( life :5 correspond+ *anges are affect+ ! inside--! economic f\ndations1 con/itution1 & moral tone ( society4 ,b let u look at ! ladies4 ,"h at all ev5ts appe>s to be a field = ! cultivation & display ( ta/e & beauty = ! sake ( beauty & ta/e alone4 ,m]e conv5i5ce & utility 9 a lady's ev5+ dress does n appe> to be consult$ at all4 ,x (t5 loses mu* ( its primal cov]+ capacity1 & takes ! =m ( a floral dress+ to set (f ! head & bu/ & arms ( ! fair we>]4 ,mo/ delicate mat]ials & col\rs are us$--:ite samite1 my/ic1 wond]ful2 trail+ cl\ds ( glory 9 tulle & gauze2 ,ea/]n embroid]y1 & ,*9ese & ,indian silks1 gold1 coral1 pe>l1 diamonds & preci\s /ones1 & fl[]s bo? real & 7alas67 artificial1 are "s ( ! mat]ials :i* contribute to ! mod]n lady's ev5+ toilette4 ,9 ! *oice & use ( ^! beautiful mat]ials !re is evid5tly abundant room = ! ex]cise ( ! nice/ judgem5t & ! mo/ ref9$ & delicate individual ta/e4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 too1 t ^! qualities are (t5 met )1 & t !y are inv>iably f\nd ) a love & consid]able k ( art4 ,i d n say t a k ( art alone w enable p to dress ta/efully4 ,t is n always ! case4 ,! p[] ( expression ( ta/e or individuality 9 dress is no d\bt l o!r gifts ( expression1 innate4 ,b a /udy ( art1 ! tra9+ ( ! eye to appreciate ! delicacies ( beautiful l9e & quality ( col\r1 & beauty ( design 9 patt]n1 ev5 )\t mu* executive p[]1 mu/ act ^u ! selective capacity g5]ally4 ,i ?9k !re is no d\bt t we d see ! signs ( arti/ic culture1 ov] & above natural di/9ction ( *oice1 m frequ5tly 9 ! dress ( ref9$ & cultur$ wom5 9 our days ?an at any =m] p]iod1 p]haps1 s9ce ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!re is m v>iety1 m individuality1 signs ( t increas+ indep5d5ce ( ?\ght & action :i* di/+ui% our c\ntrywom54 ,! imm5se range ( *oice1 bo? 9 simple & co/ly mat]ials 9 wom5's dress1 may be put d[n to increas$ comm]cial activity & ! mod]n comm& ( ! m>kets ( ! _w1 no d\bt4 ,! ta/e & discrim9ation :i* selects & comb9es !m 9 an arti/ic dress1 is1 to beg9 )1 in/9ctive1 b is l>gely aid$ & guid$ by consci\s cultivation & ! /udy ( art & ! works ( arti/s1 ,i ?9k4 ,we may1 inde$1 detect c]ta9 di/9ct influ5ces 9 c]ta9 lead+ types ( wom5's dress1 ev5 9 t comp>atively n>r[ region left to individual *oice by ! dictates ( fa%ion or ! mill9]1 dressmak]1 & drap]1 & comp>atively few feel !mselves at lib]ty to move mu* beyond ?is4 ,if !n our dictators1 = ! mass1 mu/ at pres5t be s\ght pr9cipally 9 ^! pr(essional or trade directions we are ?r[n back aga9 ^u ! quality & effectiv5ess ( our arti/ic & te*nical education4 ,! great municipalities are busy sp5d+ l>ge sums ^u te*nical in/itutes1 :]e ! arti/ic lamb is expect$ to lie d[n ) ! manufactur+ & comm]cial lion1 :]e sci5ce & art are to become insep>able1 if n undi/+ui%able1 & inv5tive design is expect$ to keep pace ) ! lab\r or wage-sav+ +5uities1 & me*anical economics =c$ ^u ! manufactur] by competition4 ,among o!r ?+s mill9]y & dressmak+ w be taught1 s t "o may suppose ! te*nical s*ool w h a direct be>+ ^u ta/e 9 dress4 ,! same difficulty arises "h z 9 ! case ( art-s*ool tea*+4 ,y may lead a horse to ! wat] b y _c make him dr9k4 ,r1 p]haps1 we are provid+ pat5t buckets be=e secur+ a wat] supply4 ,:at ,i mean is t1 ultimately1 9 all ! arts1 9 all matt]s ( ta/e & beauty we mu/ g back to life & nature4 ,beauty is insep>ably associat$ ) love1 & _c be produc$ )\t x3 & unless ! conditions ( ord9>y life admit ( beauty we mu/ n expect ! reproduction ( beautiful ?+s4 ,we _c expect t sci5ce1 or me*anical pr9ciples1 or comm]cial dem& w enable u to produce x 9 any direction to ord]4 ,we _c expect to get beauty at any price1 if :ile arrang+ an elaborate sy/em ( art education on ! "o h& we all[ ourselves to de/roy its s\rces 9 nature1 9 ! beauty ( our own l&1 by ru?less de/ruction or vulg>ization n[ too common4 ,beauty & ta/e c only spr+ out ( ! conditions or ! mat]ials :i* g to ! mak+ ( a h>moni\s life4 ,!y mu/ h opportunities ( g]m9at+ & gr[+ up 9 m9ds ) leisure to ?9k1 ) capacity to feel1 ) fre$om & opportunity to select1 ) mat]ials & m>g9 = exp]im5t1 & above all ) a c5traliz+ social ideal--a keynote ( love hope or fai?4 ,let u ask ourselves h[ f> we are1 individually or collectively1 f ! atta9m5t ( su* conditions4 ,,( ,,tempor>y ,,/reet-,,decorations ,! decoration ( /reets at times ( public rejoic+ seems to af=d abundant opportunities = ! ex]cise ( arti/ic ta/e & fancy1 & s9ce 9 our "t su* occasions are app>5tly on ! increase1 x might be wor? :ile = arti/s to give m s]i\s att5tion to design ( ?is k9d4 ,x _c be said t hi!rto public ef=ts at /reet decoration 9 ?is c\ntry h be5 v di/+ui%$4 ,engli% individuali/ic habits1 & ,engli% comm]cial in/9cts are bo? unfav\rable to arti/ic success 9 ?is direction2 we are n good at collective expression 9 any art1 & ! new imp]ialism has n s f> help$ u to be articulate 9 /reet decoration4 ,! adornm5t ( our /reets & public places usually falls into ! h&s ( trade contractors1 & any?+ l fre%ness ( idea1 ta/e1 or pleas+ fancy is di/+ui%$ r by its abs5ce4 ,our fi]y patriotism seems q cont5t to let our decorative cr[ns & gild$ emblems & wrea?s be 8made 9 ,g]many10 & ! popul> imag9ation is suffici5tly lift$ by union jacks1 suppli$ 9 8all sizes0 d[n to ! pocket-h&k]*ief by ! dauntless comm]cial in/9ct a=esaid4 ,no?+1 ( c\rse1 gives col\r & movem5t s readily z bunt+1 & ! v sight ( a flag is excit+4 ,b flags are dang]\s ?+s1 & private zeal 9 ! display ( flags (t5 outruns h]aldic discretion4 ,"o sees /range treatm5t ( ! national emblem sometimes4 ,a p s fond ( wav+ !m ought to "k its own flags & h[ to hoi/ !m "o w\ld ?9k4 ,i not$ ! o!r day a rem>kable treatm5t ( ! r$ ensign1 ! usual arrangem5t ( ! union jack 9 dext] qu>t] be+ v>i$ by cutt+ x into qu>t]s & plac+ "o qu>t] 9 ! usual place & ! o!r at ! extreme l[] corn] ( ! f\r? qu>t] ( ! r$ field1 dropp+ ! o!r two out altoge!r4 ,?is may h be5 f motives ( economy4 ,i h se51 too1 ! :ite ensign hoi/$ upside d[n6 ,! old way ( hang+ gay rugs & tape/ries f ! w9d[-sills w\ld produce a v picturesque effect 9 a /reet1 & w\ld at all ev5ts avoid su* a 8nice d]angem5t ( epitaphs0 z ^? above m5tion$4 ,"s /reets l5d !mselves to decorative effects bett]1 ( c\rse1 ?an o!rs1 & n>r[ /reets are easi] to decorate ?an wide ones4 ,scale 9 reg>d to ! build+s & ! position ( ! decorations are ( ! greate/ importance4 ,9 our ,london /reets v frequ5tly ! h\ses diff] 9 height & wid? ( frontage z mu* z !y diff] 9 ar*itectural ta/e & p]iod1 & ?is increases ! difficulty ( effective decoration4 ,a ,v5etian ma/ may be 9 dec5t scale 9 relation to ! height ( build+s at "o "p ( ! /reet1 or ev5 on "o side ( a /reet1 & q ridicul\s 9 reg>d to o!r build+s on ! same or o!r side ( ! same /reet4 ,yet ! /reet decorator cl+s to ! ,v5etian ma/ z a *ief means ( /reet decoration1 ev5 if only a sp>1 ) ! t5acity ( a %ipwreck$ sailor4 ,! result1 too1 9 su* a climate z ours (t5 is a wreck4 ,^? poles rec5tly plac$ 9 ,piccadilly--"o ( ! prettie/ ( our /reets opposite ! ,p>k 7p]haps because "o side is left out67--look too small1 & are r fussily g>l&$1 :ile ! %ields--be>+ ! portcullis & ! rose alt]nately--are mis]ably und]siz$1 & n ( a f9e %ape4 ,! be/ ?+ is ! connect+ g>l& ) its lamps1 b ^! ought to be ?ick] 9 ! middle4 ,!n aga91 ! poles face only "o way--outw>ds to ! road1 s t !y d n tell mu* 9 p]spective4 ,some?+ on ! pr9ciple ( ! cross-tree or y>d-arm & hang+ sign is m effective4 ,at lea/ 9 "o piece ( arti/ic decoration attempt$ = ! coronation--,i mean ! s*eme ( decoration = ,we/m9/] ,bridge by ! ,royal ,college ( ,art "u ! direction ( ,pr(4 ,lant]i & ,pr(4 ,moira--?is pr9ciple 0 adopt$4 ,boldly design$ bann]s pa9t$ by ! /ud5ts hung f cross-trees ov] ! pavem5t1 balanc$ by lant]ns at ! o!r end1 :ile betwe5 !m bu/s ( h]oic size ( our k+s & que5s "u canopies1 & back$ by /5cill$ hang+s fac$ ! roadway1 ^! gr\ps be+ connect$ ) ! ma/s :i* bore ! bann]s by hang+ g>l&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,decoration ( ,we/m9/] ,bridge4 ,by ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,art ,f a ,col\r$ ,draw+ by ,g4 ,e4 ,krug] ,! tap]+ rectangul> column ( ! new art mode ) ! flat tr5*] at ! top might come 9 q usefully z a sub/itute = ! ,v5etian ma/s 9 places1 & ! flat top c\ld be us$ = plants 9 pots1 vases1 gilt globes ) victories on !m1 or o!r emblems1 or h]aldic bea/s1 or electric lamps4 ,a cont9u\s light arcade ( su* columns1 connect$ by a light entablature be>+ suitable inscriptions1 ) hang+ g>l&s1 or bay trees 9 tubs betwe51 w\ld be a pretty s*eme = a /raight1 & n v wide /reet4 ,"o g5]ally feels ! want ( "s connect+ l9k across ! roadway1 ov]head1 9 any p>allel s*eme ( /reet decoration4 ,a /r+ ( flags is ! simple/ way ( do+ ?is1 & is done (t5 en\gh1 b if ! /reet is suffici5tly n>r[ a succession ( clo?s or bann]s hung horizontally across ! /reet1 =m+ a k9d ( irregul> val>ium1 w\ld h a good effect--say alt]nat+ 9 two or ?ree col\rs1 ) bold h]aldic devices1 ei!r national or appropriate to ! locality1 ^u _! fields4 ,/reets hung 9 ?is way 9 r$ & :ite1 9 gre5 & :ite1 or blue & :ite w\ld h a pleasant effect4 ,/rip$ clo?s c\ld also be us$ 9 ?is way4 ,illu/ration3 ,sugge/ion = a ,tempor>y ,gateh\se at ,temple ,b> ,by ,walt] ,crane ,"o consi/5t col\r s*eme1 say ! h]aldic col\rs ( ! t[n%ip 7) ,*9ese lant]ns /rung across = night effect7 = ea* /reet or section ( ! t[n1 ) an ar* or gateway to m>k ! entrance to ea* w>d or di/rict1 w\ld be a means ( obta9+ unity1 z well z /rik+ & h>moni\s decorative effect4 ,some?+ ( ?is k9d 0 9 ! m9d ( a deputation :i* wait$ on ! ,"l ,mayor at ! "t ( ! coronation to (f] a sugge/ion to ! ,city1 :i* w\ld h l5t itself well to su* a treatm5t4 ,/>t+ f ,temple ,b>1 ! exi/+ ,griff9--or ,city dragon 7:i* we :isp]$ might be tempor>ily remov$67--might h made way = a fanciful ,go?ic gateh\se ) gild$ portcullis & gates1 built ( timb] & pla/] ( c\rse1 b sub/antial en\gh to support w>d]s & trumpet]s1 & a gall]y ( fair ladies :o might %[] roses or gild$ oak leaves ^u ! ,k+ :5 he pass$1 z our ,ri*>d ,,ii 0 greet$ at 8 coronation f ! t[] 9 ,*eapside1 :i* bore a gold5 angel ^u its top4 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,george %\ld occupy ni*es on su* a gateway1 :i* %\ld also display ! bann]s & badges ( ! ,city & ! ,temple1 & ! arms ( ! ,city guilds1 :ile ,gog & ,magog p]sonifi$ %\ld /& at ! gates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tempor>y,,/reet,,decoration ,,r\gh,,sket*,,to,,%[,,arcad$,,/reet ,,use,,(,,hang+,,drap]ies,,h]aldry ,fleet ,/reet %\ld be arcad$ by a s]ies ( simple timb] supports uphold+ a balcony1 or ti] ( seats1 at ! height ( ! fir/-floor w9d[s4 ,! timb]s might be :itewa%$ & decorat$ ) *evrons or o!r simple patt]ns 9 black or r$1 b ! con/ruction n conceal$4 ,& at regul> int]vals1 ^u pi]s1 a bold h]aldic bea/ 7say ! dragon ( ,/4 ,george7 might support ! ,city bann]2 ,pegasus & ! ,lamb ^? ( ! ,inn] & ,out] ,temple to m>k _! b\nd>ies1 ) ! ,r$ & ! ,:ite ,rose4 ,at ,clif=d's ,inn ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild c\ld hang out _! badge1 an' x lik$ !m2 :ile ,/4 ,dun/an1 & ! ,:ite & ,blackfri>s might appe> fur!r on4 ,i w\ld drape ! fronts ( ! h\ses 9 :ite & r$1 ! ,/4 ,george's ,cross might run f end to end ( ,fleet ,/reet1 & on ! p>apets ( ! h\ses !re %\ld be a h$ge or cre/+ ( gre5 b\ghs connect$ across ! /reet at int]vals by light1 ar*+ trellises surm\nt$ by cr[ns1 to be illum9at$ at night1 & cov]$ ) gre5 leaves & hung ) ! %ields & badges be=5am$ 7:i* 9 ! able h&s ( ,mr4 ,b>ron1 ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies1 w\ld n be ! tame ?+s to :i* we are too mu* accu/om$74 ,su* a s*eme c\ld be a type = ea* w>d1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 ea* w>d c\ld be diff]5t 9 s*eme z well z col\r1 b ea* %\ld h its gateh\se & its guild repres5t$ !reat4 ,well1 ! ,city consid]$ itself suffici5t to itself--is x n always self-suffici5t8 ,! ,"l ,mayor pref]r$ to rely1 possibly1 ^u ! mute +lori\s ,alma-,tademas & ,/4 ,john ,hopes & ,b>rons conceal$ 9 ! ,guildhall ,libr>y--or %all we say1 ! contractors ( ,h\ndsdit*4 ,i fancy !re 0 a suspicion t we 7 only e>ly birds try+ to get ! contract1 & t ,"l ,w9dsor 7:o head$ ! deputation7 0 p]haps ! head ( a decorat+ company1 limit$6 ,illu/ration3 ,,bann] ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,london ,,arms ,,( ,,we/m9/] ,,h]aldic ,,dragon ,,support] ,,tempor>y,,/reet,,decoration ,,details,,9,,previ\s,,sket*,,9,,elevati on4 ,,enl>g$,,to,,scale #a_/b ,,to #a ,,foot4 ,x is said ! _w kn[s no?+ ( its greate/ m5--p]*ance1 also1 x nev] sees its be/ /reet decorations4 ,b h[ c "o reasonably expect ,london to gl[ ) en?usiasm ov] gr& s*emes ( /reet decoration :i* pr9cipally consi/ ( %9+ decorative lights c>efully conceal$ "u municipal or o!r bu%els8 ,,( ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,animal ,,=ms ,,9 ,,decoration ,,& ,,h]aldry ,! =ms ( animals furni% ! design] 9 all k9ds ( decorative "w1 :e!r flat or 9 relief1 ) pleasant means ( enri*+ & enliv5+ 8 patt]n4 ,ornam5t may inde$ rea* great ref9em5t & delicacy )\t ! use ( liv+ =ms1 z x has done 9 ! case ( ,arabian & ,moori% types1 & 9 su* ,p]sian "w "u ,mohamm$an influ5ce z ! sup]b c>pet f ! ,mosque ( ,ardebil2 yet a lov] ( incid5t & romance1 ( movem5t & v>iety--p]haps "o might say a we/]n imag9ation--welcomes ! =ms ( animals1 birds1 & ev5 humans1 z delightful elem5ts ( patt]n4 ,orig9ally1 no d\bt1 l ! recurr+ types ( floral =m 9 ,ori5tal1 ,*9ese & ,indian & ,p]sian "w1 animal =ms 7 introduc$ ) def9ite mean+1 ) symbolical & h]aldic purpose1 & 7despite ,mr4 ,lewis ,day7 ,i /ill ?9k t ornam5t ga9s 9 dignity & "* if x conta9s "s k]nel ( ?\ght or int5tion or poetic fancy 9 its me%es1 9 its l9es & curves1 & ! =ms ) :i* its inv5tor plays4 ,te*nically1 by ! use ( animal =ms contra/+ masses c be obta9$ 9 design ( a k9d n possible 9 any o!r way4 ,a mass ( /ems & leaves & fl[]s 9 a tape/ry is pleasantly brok5 by ! v>i$ %apes ( figures & animals :i* give relief & bread? by _! l>g] cont\rs & masses ( col\r1 & ?is p[] ( contra/ & mass are elem5ts ( great value4 ,ev5 9 a me*anically repeat$ surface patt]n1 wov5 or pr9t$1 int]e/1 dignity1 & di/9ction c be giv5 by recurr+ elem5ts ( ?is k9d1 especially if we are c>eful ab\t _! *oice &1 above all1 _! treatm5t4 ,! treatm5t ( animal =ms 9 design ( c\rse dep5ds greatly ^u ! conditions ( ! "w1 ! mat]ial ( its execution1 & its use & position4 ,! ri* col\r & texture ( ,arras tape/ry1 = in/ance1 x is obvi\s w\ld l5d !mselves to a mu* great] degree ( realism ?an ! m ab/ract treatm5t suitable to ! limitations ( inlaid "w1 or cloisonn enamel4 ,9 embroid]y1 aga91 ! ne$le has consid]able fre$om z reg>ds texture & ! expression ( surface1 & 9 ! case ( ! plumage ( birds1 may1 z we see is done 9 ,*9ese & ,japanese silk embroid]y1 approa* nature 9 ! con/ruction & set ( ! fea!rs1 & ! %e5 & gloss ( _! col\r effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal ,mantle f ! ,treasury ( ,bamb]g1 ,twelf? ,c5tury 7f ,de ,f>cy7 ,illu/ration3 ,*asuble f ! ,ca!dral ( ,anagni1 ,?irte5? ,c5tury 7f ,de ,f>cy7 ,illu/ration3 ,sicilian ,silk ,patt]n4 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury 7,fis*ba*7 ,illu/ration3 ,sicilian ,silk ,patt]n4 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury 7,fis*ba*7 ,illu/ration3 ,sicilian ,silk ,patt]n4 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury 7,fis*ba*7 ,illu/ration3 ,sicilian ,silk ,patt]n4 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury 7,fis*ba*7 ,ev5 9 ! extremely ab/ract treatm5t necessitat$ by ! exig5cies ( incis$ hi]oglyphics we c h>dly f9d f9] examples ( treatm5t1 s direct & un]r+ is ! *>act]ization1 ?an ! birds & animals ( ! anci5t ,egyptians4 ,! same p[] ( *>act]ization1 ?\gh ) a fre] h&1 is also se5 9 _! mural pa9t+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,sicilian ,silk ,patt]n4 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury 7,fis*ba*7 ,illu/ration3 ,sicilian ,silk ,patt]n4 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury 7,fis*ba*7 ,illu/ration3 ,sicilian ,silk ,patt]n4 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury 7,fis*ba*7 ,illu/ration3 ,sicilian ,silk ,patt]n4 ,f\rte5? ,c5tury 7,fis*ba*7 ,illu/ration3 ,embroid]$ ,tab>d1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 9 ! ,ar*aeological ,museum at ,gh5t 7f ,de ,f>cy7 ,! e>ly ,greek pott]s ran !m close 9 design+ ! black silh\ettes ( animals =m+ bord]s ar\nd _! vessels & vases2 b we f9d "h at "w a consci\s ornam5tal feel+ 9 ! treatm5t ( _! =ms--an app>5tly int5tional arrangem5t ( ! l9es ( ! animal into m or less =mal curves4 ,a runn+ antelope1 = in/ance1 w take a sort ( volute curve1 & 9 "o case ! volute itself is drawn b5ea?4 ,! =ms ( ^! animals & birds ( ! vase pa9t+s 7 no d\bt influ5c$ by ! bru%1 & _m ( !m might be describ$ z bru% =ms4 ,! bodies ( ! birds & fi% are oval or ovoid masses1 & 9 _! repetition1 by means ( su* ornam5tal g5]alization1 a c]ta9 balance & rhy?m is obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,detail f ,embroid]$ ,tab>d1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,inde$1 !re is no bett] me?od ( insur+ ornam5tal effect :5 introduc+ animal =ms ?an ! practice ( design+ !m )9 c]ta9 def9ite b\nd>ies1 :i* may be geometric1 su* z squ>es1 circles1 & ovals1 accord+ to ! cont\rs ( ! masses requir$ 9 ! p>ticul> design4 ,! ,japanese give 9 "o ( _! draw+-books "s cle> adaptations ( birds & animals enclos$ 9 circles1 & !y are v +5i\s pieces ( pack+4 ,illu/ration3 ,detail f ,embroid]$ ,tab>d1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,detail f ,embroid]$ ,tab>d1 ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,! e>ly weav]s ( ! ,egypto-,roman textiles ( ,alex&ria & ( ,byzantium1 & ( ! r5[n$ ,sicilian silks f ! twelf? to ! f\rte5? c5turies1 & ^? ( ,lucca ( ! f\rte5?1 all revell$ 9 animal =ms1 & 7 adepts 9 _! treatm5t4 ,9 ! latt] cases !y 7 us$ symbolically & h]aldically1 &1 inde$1 ) ! developm5t ( h]aldry 9 ! middle ages "u feudalism1 su* elem5ts became ! pr9cipal elem5ts 9 decoration ( all k9ds1 s mu* s t x might be almo/ said t h]aldry 0 ! ornam5t & decoration ( ! m$iaeval times4 ,illu/ration3 ,,animal ,,=ms ,,9 ,,decoration ,,h]aldry4 ,! ,robe ( ,,ri*>d ,i,ind1 f ! picture at ,wilton ,h\se ,our ,ri*>d ,,ii1 x w be rememb]$1 9 ! fam\s ,wilton picture1 is kneel+ 9 a robe ( gold5 tissue wov5 ) ! badges ( 8 h\se--! h>t c\*ant & ! phnix--repeat$ all ov] z 9 a sort ( diap]1 & !re are abundant in/ances among our brasses1 /all plates1 & effigies1 ( ! spl5did treatm5t ( h]aldry 9 ! arms1 z well z ! dresses ( knights & ladies be>+ _! family totems ?ick ^u !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,ex]cise 9 ,h]aldic treatm5t spac+4 ,! ,lions ( ,engl& design$ by ,walt] ,crane4 ,boldness1 _s1 di/9ctness ( col\r & =m1 & *>act]ization gov]n$ by ornam5tal col\r & effect1 seem to be ! *ief pr9ciples 9 design+ h]aldic animals4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]aldic ,lion design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,!y n only h to be depict$1 b display$4 ,!re=e e di/9ctive & important attribute or *>act]i/ic is emphasiz$4 ,! lion's mane & tail become foliat$1 & 8 legs are fr+$ & tassell$4 ,8 claws are spread wide--cle>$ = action2 8 m\? is well op51 & 8 long r$1 curly tongue rollicks out betwe5 8 emphatic tee?4 ,a lion out ( a cage 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s w\ld be no mann] ( use on a coat1 or z a cre/ or a support]4 ,! endeav\r ( lat] times to make ! h]aldic lion a m reasonable be+ has only tam$ & degrad$ him4 ,he looks r\nd-head$1 muzzy1 & spiritless4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,lions 7or ,leop>ds7 ( ,engl&1 f ! ,tomb ( ,william de ,val5ce1 ,e>l ( ,pembroke1 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 #abif4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ! ,tomb ( ,edmund ,cr\*back1 ,e>l ( ,lanca/]4 #abif4 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,mu* ! same pr9ciples apply to ! treatm5t ( ! o!r 8fe>ful wild f[l0 ( h]aldry1 z well z ! necessity = v c>eful decorative spac+4 ,i w only recall1 9 ?is connection1 ! spac+ ( ! ,engli% leop>ds 9 ! f\r? qu>t] ( ! royal arms on a %ield ( ?irte5? c5tury %ape z (f]+ good field to a design] f ! ex]cise ( +5uity 9 space fill+4 ,,( ,,! ,,design+ ,,( ,,book-,,cov]s ,! book-cov]1 z a field = surface design1 appe>s at fir/ sight to (f] 9 its _m v>ieties a less re/rict$ field = inv5tion ?an p]haps any portable object ( common use :i* dem&s ! att5tion ( a decorator4 ,yet 9 no field ( design are c]ta9 qualities m ess5tial to success--qualities1 too1 outside ! p>ticul> conditions ( ! v>i\s me?ods1 & processes us$ 9 ! production ( book-cov]s4 ,^! are1 9 *ief1 ta/efulness & s5se ( scale & proportion1 important en\gh x w be said 9 all design1 b n>r[$ d[n to ! limit$ field ( ! book-cov]1 & 9 full view ( its object & purpose1 !y become all-important4 ,limit$1 = in/ance1 to ! n>r[e/ dem&s ( utility--an inscription or title on side or back ne$ful to di/+ui% ! outside ( "o book f ano!r1 que/ions ( *oice ( scale1 ( lett]+ 9 relation to ! size & proportion ( ! cov]1 ( ! *oice ( ! =m ( ! lett]+ & ! spac+ ( ! lett]s ^u ! cov] imm$iately arise4 ,n[ ! side ( a book-cov] pres5ts a flat surface )9 rectangul> limits1 v>y+ 9 size accord+ to ! fold+ ( ! %eet ( pap] :i* det]m9es ! size ( ! book to be cov]$--folio1 qu>to1 octavo1 & s on4 ,! book itself is a rectangul> object z x lies on ! table4 ,x is a casket ( ?\ght at its be/1 at its wor/ x conta9s records or human rema9s ( "s k9d4 ,! rectangul>ity1 h[ev]1 is :at w influ5ce ! design]1 f ! spac+ ( 8 block or tablet ( lett]+1 to ! intricate arabesque ( ! mo/ elaborate gold tool+4 ,! be/ cov] designs are ^?1 to my m9d1 :]e9 ! feel+ ( ! angul>ity ( ! enclosure is express$ or ackn[l$g$ 9 ?is way1 b ( c\rse x may be felt & express$ 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,9 ! old /amp$ lea!r & pigsk9 b9d+s ( ! e>ly days ( pr9t+ ( ! books f ,v5ice & ,basle1 = in/ance1 a frequ5t & v satisfactory plan 0 to =m a s]ies ( bord]s1 "o )9 ! o!r1 f ! edge ( ! book1 enclos+ a c5tral panel1 left pla9 except = ! title1 /amp$ or inscrib$ ^u ! upp] "p ( ?is pla9 panel4 ,! bord]s 7 =m$ ( /amps ( diff]5t patt]ns1 h]aldic devices1 scroll-"w1 emblems enclos$ 9 /raight l9es4 ,^! designs are (t5 models ( scale 9 book ornam5t1 & be+ c>efully spac$ & compos$ ( repeat+ elem5ts1 h a delicate & at ! same "t ri* effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,b9d+ 9 ,black ,morocco1 ) ,m$allions & ,coat-(-arms1 by ,?omas ,b]!let 7,sixte5? ,c5tury7 ,i ne$ n dwell ^u ! spl5did jewell$ & silv] m\nt$ manuscripts ( ! scriptures ( ,byzant9e times1 :i* call$ 9 ! "w ( o!r craftsm51 s9ce ,i presume "o is deal+ r ) ! design ( surface ornam5t z a matt] ( mass & l9e adapt$ to ! ord9>y conditions ( ! book-cov]4 ,! me?od ( /amp+ ! coat-(-arms ( ! own] boldly ^u ! c5tre ( ! sides 9 gold ^u lea!r cov]s1 us$ f ! sixte5? c5tury & onw>ds1 has a dignifi$ effect1 & ^! /amps1 :e!r h]aldic or ( ab/ract ornam5tal elem5ts1 are (t5 beautiful examples ( ri* & effective spac+ )9 n>r[ limits1 ! enclos+ %ape or b\nd>y indicat$ only by ! edges ( ! device1 :i* fits into its invisible %ell1 z x 71 )\t ef=t & )\t any s5se ( cramp+4 ,! design]s ( ! /amps ei!r bl9d or 9 gold mu/ h be5 9 close t\* ) ! design] ( pr9t]s' ornam5ts--initial lett]s1 head+s1 bord]s1 & ! l--if n 9 "s cases id5tical ) !m1 & to ?is no d\bt we owe t s5se ( scale & proportion 9 ! ornam5tation ( ! e>li] b9d+s4 ,9 gold-tool$ designs ! necessity ( _! hav+ to be compos$ or built up ( c]ta9 re/rict$ elem5ts1 or sep>ate tools1 ! +5i\s comb9ation ( :i* produces ! delicate arabesques ( l9e & leaf & floral =ms we admire z ! cr[n & glory ( ! b9d]'s craft1 has also contribut$ to ! pres]vation ( scale1 s9ce ! tools mu/ necess>ily be limit$ 9 size4 ,illu/ration3 ,b9d+ 9 ,black ,morocco1 ) ,arms ( ,edw>d ,,vi1 by ,?omas ,b]!let 7,sixte5? ,c5tury7 ,be=e ! rec5t revival 9 ?is craft1 9 :i* s mu* is due to ! ta/e & skill ( ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son1 !re 0 a t5d5cy t[>ds ov]-small1 fritt]$ & mean+less detail 9 gold tool+1 & b9d]s 7 giv5 to me*anical repeats ( /ock tools & /amps4 ,yet repetition ( =ms or l9es may be us$ ta/efully z well z 9 a commonplace way4 ,few me?ods 9 tool+ a book-cov] are m appropriate & satisfactory ?an ! diap]1 :i* is sometimes us$ all ov] ! cov]1 & sometimes cov]s ! inn] panel only4 ,! decoration ( ! back ( ! book-cov] requires p>ticul> c>e4 ,9 gold-tool$ b9d+s ! ornam5t may effectively be conc5trat$ ^u ! back1 :i* ( c\rse mu/ include ! title1 leav+ ! sides pla94 ,:5 ! sides are decorat$ ! back mu/ be ! l9k to connect ! obv]se ( ! book ) ! rev]se--unless we l to say front side & back side4 ,illu/ration3 ,b9d+ 9 ,/amp$ ,calf1 ) ,panels repres5t+ ! ,emblems ( ! ,passion1 ) ,unicorns z ,support]s1 & ! ,arms ( ,france & ,engl&1 ) ,tudor ,rose1 etc4 7,sixte5? ,c5tury7 ,b ,i am trespass+ ^u ! b9d]'s prov9ce4 ,! clo? cov] seems to be a sort ( compromise1 ?\gh (t5 agreeable en\gh4 ,our cont95tal neighb\rs issue _! books 9 limp pap] wrapp]s1 expect+ !m to be b\nd z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,?is may acc\nt = ! high /ate ( ! b9d]'s craft1 z a craft1 9 ,france4 ,"h1 our publi%]s vie ) ea* o!r 9 issu+ _! books 9 attractive clo? gilt cov]s :i* at "o "t 7 int5d$ to rival ! gold-tool$ b9d+4 ,( late we h se5 e k9d ( ecc5tricity ^u book-cov]s bo? 9 design & execution1 gold1 silv]1 black & :ite1 & v>i\s col\rs be+ us$ 9 clo? pr9t$ cov]s1 & design]s (t5 go+ f> 9 ! pictorial direction4 ,we may see ! influ5ce ( ! po/]1 b /ill m s :5 we come to ! pr9t$ pap] cov] :i* imposes /ill few] re/rictions ^u ! design]1 9 fact1 none at all1 except t ( space--unless 8 s5se ( fitness imposes limits ^u himself2 yet clo? cov]s h p]haps %[n m lic5ce ?an ! pr9t$ pap] cov] ( late4 ,! cov] pr9t$ 9 few & frank col\rs & v>ni%$ = protection f we> has _h a consid]able vogue = ,*ri/mas books ( ! light] sort & = ^? pr9cipally int5d$ = *ildr54 ,^! 71 :5 fir/ introduc$1 r %ock+ to ! booksell+ m9d1 :i* w5t by weight & ! am\nt ( gold on a clo? cov]1 9 apprais+ lit]>y & arti/ic wor? 9 ! m>ket4 ,:5 a c]ta9 ?9 squ>e volume = :i* ,i 0 responsible 0 mode/ly (f]$ at #es41 ! usual te/ be+ appli$1 ! answ] 01 8,?is w nev] d60--! public1 h[ev]1 0 ( a diff]5t op9ion4 ,x may be said = ! cov] pr9t$ 9 col\rs1 :5 x encloses a book pr9t$ 9 col\rs1 t x has a c]ta9 fitness1 & = ! re/ mu/ dep5d l>gely ^u ! design]4 ,illu/ration3 ,b9d+ ( ,oak ,bo>ds cov]$ ) ,/amp$ ,calf1 ) ,panels ,repres5t+ ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ & ,/4 ,george & ! ,dragon1 by ,john ,reynes 7,sixte5? ,c5tury7 ,! illu/rat$ magaz9e cov] has ex]cis$ a good deal ( arti/ic +5uity1 & always pres5ts ! problem ( ! treatm5t ( lett]+ z an ess5tial "p ( ! design1 z inde$ x always %\ld be4 ,!re is some?+ attractive ab\t ! angul> & ab/ract =ms ( lett]s us$ 9 contra/ ) ! free l9es ( ! human figure & drap]y1 or floral ornam5t1 or h]aldry1 & 9 a cov] design to be pr9t$ f a l9e block ! design] may indulge 8 feel+ = ^! contra/+ elem5ts4 ,"h aga9 ! influ5ce ( ! po/] has come 91 ! conditions ( ! magaz9e cov] 9 its /ruggle = exi/5ce on ! book/all be+ simil> to ! /ruggle = pre-em95ce ^u ! ho>d+ among its l>g] comm]cial c\s9s4 ,9 ! cov]s ( ! magaz9e1 ! illu/rat$ weekly j\rnal1 & ! railway novel we see ! popul> side ( cov] design & decoration1 l>gely int5d$ 9 ! fir/ place to attract att5tion1 ) a view ( imm$iate sale4 ,l all competitive processes ) a comm]cial object1 :ile c]ta9 qualities su* z a k9d ( =ce or ecc5tricity may be evolv$1 x g5]ally leads to det]ioration on ! arti/ic side4 ,! f9al te/ ( all design1 & especially design ( book-cov]s--! app>el ( our companions & fri5dly c\nsellors--seems to be wrapp$ up 9 ! "q3 8,c y live ) x80 ,"o may admire ! skill & cel]ity ( a juggl] & conjur]1 b x w\ld be uncom=table to sit frequ5tly at table ) a pr(essor ( ! craft :o 0 giv5 to :isk away "o's d9n] napk91 swall[ ! knives & =ks1 or discov] ! roa/ mutton 9 8 neighb\r's pocket4 ,illu/ration3 ,b9d+ 9 ,br[n ,calf1 inlaid by ! ,wotton ,b9d] 7,sixte5? ,c5tury7 ,s a s5sational book-cov] may />tle u by its audacity1 b x is apt to />e at u horribly ^u ! draw+-room table--& we c h>dly be expect$ to re-furni% entirely to suit its complexion4 ,a pa9t] ,i "k tells me t !re are two classes ( pictures--8pictures to live ) & pictures to live by40 ,books or book-cov]s might be divid$ z books to be tak5 c>e ( & books to use4 ,! ari/ocracy1 9 _! morocco & gild$ coats1 seem too co/ly & preci\s to h&le e day & be dimm$ by ,london smoke & du/4 ,few c\ld duplicate _! fav\rite books1 s 9 ! end ! quiet clo? cov] ) its pla9 lett]+ is welcome = "w-a-day1 :ile1 d z we may1 ! motley cr[d 9 pap] w press 9 & flaunt _! little h\r1 8yell[ & black & pale & hectic r$10 driv5 l leaves be=e ! brea? ( pass+ int]e/1 "s1 p]haps1 at la/ f9d+ re/1 & resurrection1 9 ! portfolios ( ! c>eful collector4 ,,( ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,gild+ ,,9 ,,decoration ,! use ( gild+ 9 decoration ( all k9ds seems to be z fasc9at+ to ! arti/ z its pursuit 9 ! solid =m appe>s to be to a l>ge proportion ( ! human race4 ,9 bo? in/ances1 too1 !re are risks to be run2 9 bo? !re is use or abuse ( ! mat]ial involv$4 ,! uses ( gild+ 9 art are manifold4 ,we may reg>d x z ! mo/ preci\s & beautiful means ( emphasis 9 design4 ,a me?od ( height5+ c]ta9 important p>ts1 su* z ! initial lett]s ( an illum9at$ manuscript1 :]e1 by rais+ ! lett] 9 gesso1 or gold size & burni%+1 an additional ri*ness & lu/re is obta9$1 especially ) ! use ( full col\rs1 su* z ultram>9e1 ! deep blue & v]milion :i* w>m ! he>t 9 look+ at ! manuscripts ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,! jewel-l sp>kle1 too1 ( ! burni%$ gold us$ = rais$ leaves & fruits "h & !re among ! delicate arabesque page-bord]s z 9 ,fr5* manuscripts ( ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury has a mo/ *>m+ effect1 & conta9s sugge/ions = ! use ( gold 9 l>g] k9ds ( decorative "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,app>tam5ti ,borgia1 ,vatican1 ,rome1 %[+ ,p9turic*io's fresco3 8,! ,salutation0 & a ,portion ( ! ,decoration ( ! ,vault ,f a ,photograph by ,&]son ,illu/ration3 ,app>tam5ti ,borgia1 ,vatican1 ,rome1 %[+ ,portion ( 8,! ,salutation0 fresco1 ) ,enri*m5ts rais$ 9 ,gesso ,f a ,photograph by ,&]son ,gold1 too1 may be us$ z light 9 draw+1 z a height5+ to take ! place ( :ite on a d>k-ton$ pap]4 ,burne-,jones reviv$ ?is me?od ) f9e results4 ,gold is a mo/ valuable means ( h>moniz+ diff]5t col\rs us$ 9 ! same design or decoration1 & is (t5 useful z an outl9e 9 flat decoration1 & :ile x c be effectively us$ ) ! full range ( col\r :]e v ri* effects are s\ght1 x also comb9es well ) any s+le col\r 9 decoration4 ,! late ,g4 ,f4 ,watts told me he consid]$ blue & gold to be ! typical col\rs ( ! univ]se4 ,c]ta9ly !y =m "o ( ! mo/--if n ! mo/--beautiful ( h>monies4 ,9 ! ,app>tam5ti ,borgia 9 ! ,vatican at ,rome--a s]ies ( vault$ rooms decorat$ by ,p9turic*io--! prevail+ h>mony is blue & gold1 ! field ( ! vault+ be+ blue ) rais$ arabesques 9 gold emphasiz+ ! ribs1 :ile ! ar*$ spaces =m$ by ! vault+ on ! side walls are fill$ ) figure subjects 9 fresco1 9 :i* ! gold note is re-e*o$ by c]ta9 p>ts su* z arm\r1 weapons & caskets be+ rais$ 9 gesso & gild$4 ,! :ole has a v ri* & spl5did b quiet effect4 ,!re is a reproduction to scale ( a portion 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum--& also "o ( ! room ( ,isabella d',e/e at ,mantua1 :i* has a ri* ceil+ 9 gold & col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,pal]mo3 ,cappella ,reale1 ,int]ior ,f a ,wat]-col\r ,sket* by ,walt] ,crane ,! l9+ ( a c]ta9 d9+-room 9 ,pr9ce's ,gate lately sold & remov$ might be quot$ z a mod]n in/ance ( blue & gold decoration4 ,x is suppos$ to h co/ an ar*itect 8 reason1 & bo? ! pa9t] & ! patron m ?an ei!r b>ga9$ =1 z well z _! fri5d%ip1 b ! result 0 mo/ arti/ic1 orig9al & beautiful4 ,ne$ ,i say ! motive 0 ! peacock1 & ! arti/ ,mr4 ,:i/l]8 8,!re is safety 9 a swall[-tail10 says ,c>lyle 9 8,s>tor ,res>tus40 ,t !re is safety 9 :ite & gold appe>s to be ! cre$ ( ! mod]n decorator4 ,i he>d a lady say %e lik$ :ite & gold2 x 8always rem9d$ h] ( *ampagne10 possibly x may rem9d o!rs ( a balance at _! bank]s4 ,!re is a well-kn[n firm ( ar*itects 9 ,new ,york by ! "n ( ,mackim1 ,meade & ,:ite1 :o h be5 re-*ri/5$ 9 ! pr(ession z 8,mackim1 ,:ite & ,gold10 ow+ to _! fondness = t bl5d 9 int]ior decoration1 9 association ) :at is call$ 8old colonial0 ar*itecture4 ,"o c obta9 e v>iety ( metallic t9t relat$ to gold by lacqu]+ ov] silv] leaf4 ,i adopt$ ?is me?od 9 a room1 us+ a c(f]$ ceil+ ) ! design ( a v9e 9 relief1 & a frieze panell$ ) figure subjects 7sop's 8,fables074 ,! light came f a l>ge bay w9d[ at "o end ( ! room1 & s ! edges ( ! reliefs caught ! light4 ,! g5]al effect be+ subdu$ silv] & bronze tones1 reliev$ by t\*es ( ruddy gold4 7,see illu/ration1 p4 #bfa47 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,d\ble ,cube ,room1 ,wilton ,h\se4 ,%[+ ! ,inigo ,jones ,decoration ( ! ,walls1 ) ! ,v&yke ,portraits 9 ! ,panels ,f a ,photograph by ,brooks & ,son1 ,salisbury ,! use ( gold z an isolator has long be5 e/abli%$ 9 ! =m ( picture frames--! gild$ 8flat0 or m\ld+ cle>+ a picture f its surr\nd+s m effectually & easily ?an any o!r kn[n me?od2 b ! picture frame1 z ,i ?9k ,i h be=e said1 is only a relic ( ! ar*itectural relation ( ! picture to ! wall1 :]e x orig9ally =m$ a panel1 z may be se51 = in/ance1 9 ! ,v&yke room at ,wilton ,h\se4 ,gold also =ms a mo/ valuable field or gr\nd = col\rs1 z 9 decorative pa9t+ & mosaic "w1 or may be us$ 9 pa9t+ ) *>m+ effect z a col\r1 z ! e>ly pa9t]s us$ x1 = ri* brocades & patt]n$ /uffs1 rays ( light1 ! emblazon+ ( h]aldic devices1 inscriptions1 & small f9e details ( all k9ds4 ,gold 9 ,byzant9e art always seems to h be5 us$ ) a s5se ( dignity & ( solemnity4 ,! gold tess] :i* =m ! field ( ! mosaic decoration 9 ! subdu$ light 9 ,/4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice impress "o ) an effect ( quiet spl5d\r4 ,!re is no?+ gaudy or flam+4 ,! light falls ?r\gh ! n>r[ w9d[s ( ! dome1 & moves s(tly ov] ! concave gild$ surface1 reflect$ backw>ds & =w>ds 9 e v>iety ( tone z ! sunlight travels1 & ! great figures & emblems loom maje/ically & my/]i\sly ^u ! gold field4 ,ano!r spl5did example1 & aga9 *iefly a h>mony ( blue & gold1 is se5 9 t exquisite gem ( ar*itecture & mosaic decoration1 ! ,cappella ,palat9a 9 ! ,royal ,palace at ,pal]mo4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,d\ble ,cube ,room1 ,wilton ,h\se ,f a ,photograph by ,brooks & ,son1 ,salisbury ,! opposite pr9ciple 9 ! use ( gild+ is illu/rat$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s at ,rome1 & 9 _m r5asc5ce int]iors :5 ! m\ld+s1 capitals1 cornices1 & ar*itectural enri*m5ts ( all k9ds 9 relief are pick$ out 9 gold4 ,! spl5d\r may be !re--if only 9 ! impression ( co/l9ess--b x seems ( a m obvi\s k9d1 m consci\s & self-ass]tive1 & :5 ! pr9ciple is c>ri$ ?or\ghly out ( gild+ e prom95ce1 ! effect may easily become o/5tati\s & vulg>4 ,i ?9k x is important n to lose ! s5se ( preci\sness 9 ! use ( gild+1 &1 z ) co/ly m>bles & beautiful mat]ials ( all k9ds1 "o %\ld be c>eful n to put !m to base uses1 or lose _! arti/ic value by excess4 ,x is comp>atively easy to (f] up pi\s op9ions on ! use ( gold2 b ! real problems only beg9 9 front ( ! p>ticul> "w 9 h&1 & ! conditions "u :i* ! decorative arti/ works cont9ually v>y4 ,"o may be guid$ by c]ta9 pr9ciples1 b mu* m by feel+ & judgem5t1 :i* g to =m :at is call$ ta/e4 ,e "w mu/ be f9] 9 proportion to ! ?\ght & feel+ put into x1 b no am\nt ( gold-leaf w cov] ! abs5ce ( ta/e & s5se ( proportion4 ,,( ,,rais$ ,,"w ,,9 ,,gesso ,decorative design 9 gesso /&s1 x may be said1 midway betwe5 pa9t+ & sculpture1 p>tak+ 9 its v>iations ( ! *>act]s ( ea* 9 turn--! *ild or y\ng] si/] ( bo?1 hold+1 z x 71 ! h&s ( ea*1 playful1 light-he>t$1 famili>1 associat$ 9 its "t ) all k9ds ( dome/ic furniture & adornm5t4 ,) an orig9 p]haps z anci5t z ! o!r arts1 its true home is 9 ,italy4 ,we f9d x at ,pompeii1 ) its relatives1 /ucco & pla/]-"w1 9 association ) ar*itecture1 :i* also are se5 9 su* *oice =ms 9 ! decoration ( ! ceil+s & walls ( ,roman tombs1 su* z ! fam\s examples ( ! ,via ,lat9a4 ,we f9d gesso "w also 9 direct association ) pa9t+ 9 ! devotional pictures ( ! e>ly ,italian s*ools1 us$ = ! diap]$ backgr\nds & nimbi ( sa9ts1 & rais$ emblems & ornam5ts4 ,x reappe>s 9 our own c\ntry 9 ! pa9t$ rood-scre5s ( ,norfolk & ,suffolk4 ,at ,s\?wold1 = in/ance1 !re is a notable scre5 ) panels1 pa9t$ ) figures ( ! apo/les1 ! backgr\nds consi/+ ( diap]s 9 rais$ gesso4 ,! revival ( classical ta/e & love ( classical lore & ornam5tal detail at ! "t ( ! r5asc5ce 9 ,italy l$ to lat] & highly ornate developm5t ( gesso & /ucco1 ( :i* we may see elaborate examples 9 ! ceil+s ( ! ,doria palace at ,g5oa1 = in/ance2 & 9 ! f9e decorative s*eme ( ,p9turic*io 9 ! ,app>tam5ti ,borgia 9 ! ,vatican1 gild$ gesso is us$ = caskets1 weapons1 & o!r details 9 ! frescoes pa9t$ on ! walls1 gild$ relief "w & blue gr\nds be+ c>ri$ out on ! vault$ ceil+s above1 9 arabesques & m$allions4 ,a beautiful model ( "p ( ! ,app>tam5ti1 by ,signor ,m>iani1 may be se5 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 :]e also *oice examples ( gesso "w may be f\nd 9 picture & mirror frames1 & gild$ c(f]s or cassones4 ,!re are sev]al ( ^! f ,flor5ce ) figures 9 relief on flat backgr\nds1 punctur$ or /amp$ ) patt]ns on ! pa/e1 & aft]w>ds gild$ ) ri* ornam5tal effect4 ,!n aga9 we f9d gesso us$ und]nea? ! burni%$ gold lett]s & leaf "w ( ! m$iaeval illum9ators4 ,! ,italian craftsman's skill 9 gesso seems to survive 9 ! ,italian confection] ) 8 freeh& decorations squeez$ out 9 ! =m ( rais$ ornam5ts ( pla/] & sug> on bir?day cakes & su* l2 & ,italian workm5 are /ill ! ma/]s ( ! craft & my/]y ( all mann] ( pla/]-"w1 includ+ m\ld+ & ca/+4 ,n[ !re are v>i\s k9ds ( gesso & recipes = mak+ x1 & x c be work$ 9 diff]5t ways1 & on diff]5t scales1 & 9 diff]5t degrees ( relief4 ,= f9e "w on a small scale1 su* z might be us$ = caskets or small panels 9 cab9ets1 & ! decoration ( furniture g5]ally1 ,gesso ,duro is ! be/4 ,illu/ration3 ,me?od ( ,work+ ) ! ,bru% 9 ,gesso ,x is a mixture ( :it5+ soak$ 9 cold wat] till q s(t1 glue or gelat9e1 boil$ l9se$ oil1 & a little res91 mix$ well toge!r to ! consi/5cy ( cream4 ,!re is also a gesso us$ by frame-mak]s compos$ ( :it5+ & p>*m5t size4 ,suppos+ x is desir$ to "w a design on a panel ( wood1 ! wood _h be/ h a coat ( %ellac or v>ni% fir/4 ,!n hav+ det]m9$ y\r design lay on ! pa/e ) ! po9t ( a long-po9t$ sable bru%--! k9d kn[n z a 8rigg]10 or small wat]-col\r bru% w answ]--lightly dropp+ ! gesso f ! po9t ( ! bru% or sl[ly dragg+ x1 s t ! gesso may fl[ f its po9t1 z ! design may require1 & add+ m ( ! pa/e :]e great] relief is requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fill+ = ,picture-frame1 9 ,gesso ,duro ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,gesso ,duro takes "s days to dry1 b dries1 z its "n implies1 v h>d4 ,x c !n be scrap$ d[n if necess>y1 & work$ on aga9 or t\*$ on to any ext5t2 & ! peculi> quality ( ! relief giv5 by bru% "w is1 p]haps1 be/ left unt\*$1 or at lea/ only add$ to1 & n tak5 away f by scrap+ d[n1 al?\gh a v f9e f9i% c\ld be obta9$ 9 ?is way1 giv+ ! "w almo/ ! look ( ivory1 ?\gh1 ,i ?9k1 9 t case1 dep>t+ f its true "*4 ,! frame m>g9 giv5 0 work$ 9 ,gesso ,duro1 f a design ( m9e1 by ,h>old ,weeks4 ,! design = a bell-pull 0 modell$ 9 gesso by ,osmund ,weeks1 = reproduction 9 electro silv]1 ! sea-horse be+ 9 copp]4 ,i h also us$ = "w ( ab\t ?is scale simply a mixture ( pla/] ( p>is or ?9 glue1 :i* answ]$ fairly well if done ) directness1 z ! mixture dries v quickly1 & is apt to crack (f ! gr\nd :5 dry4 ,illu/ration3 ,design = a ,bell-pull1 ,modell$ 9 ,gesso ,by ,walt] ,crane ,! device = ! ,art ,work]s' ,guild is an example ( ?is me?od1 also work$ ) a bru%1 & aft]w>ds t9t$ ) lacqu]s r$uc$ to pale t9ts by me?ylat$ _s4 ,! lacqu]1 ( c\rse1 h>d5s ! surface4 ,= bold] "w & high] relief ,i h us$ pla/] ( p>is ) ?9 glue or gelat9e4 ,9 ?is1 9 proce$+ to model ! design1 y dip small pieces ( cotton-wool pull$ out f9ely1 & hav+ saturat$ !m 9 ! mixture1 y build up y\r design on ! panel1 :i* may be ( fibr\s pla/]1 & suit$ = ins]tion 9 wall1 frieze1 or ceil+1 or fireplace4 ,x is important to wet ! gr\nd or %ellac x to /op ! suction1 be=e lay+ on ! gesso4 ,x w dry sl[ly en\gh to be modell$ ) ! f+]s or tools1 & add$ to :5 dry1 or f9i%$ ) bru% "w4 ,x dries v fa/1 & ! fibre ( ! cotton-wool makes x cl+ to ! panel4 ,i h work$ figures on a frieze ) a bru% on a fibr\s pla/] panel1 & _h !m ca/ aft]w>ds1 s9ce pla/] & glue on l>ge surfaces )\t fibre is apt to crack (f4 8,! ,dance0 0 a frieze panel work$ 9 ?is way4 ,!re are v>i\s pat5ts & mat]ials 9 ! m>ket = work+ 9 gesso4 ,"o ( ! be/ ,i h met ) is call$ 8,d5ol9e40 ,x consi/s ( a f9e p[d]1 sold 9 t9s1 :i* only requires to be mix$ ) cold wat] to conv]t x into a pa/e ( any consi/5cy requir$4 ,fl\r appe>s to be an +r$i5t1 & :eat fl\r1 ,i believe1 0 us$ by ! old ,italian gesso work]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,gesso ,panel ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,illu/ration3 ,! ,dance3 ,frieze ,panel 9 ,gesso ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,! frame bord] 0 work$ 9 ?is mat]ial1 ! gesso mix$ z /iffly z possible1 laid on & modell$ ) an ord9>y modell+ tool4 ,x dries sl[ly & c be ret\*$4 ,x is a little too /icky1 & no d\bt requires1 l all ! diff]5t v>ieties ( gesso1 its own peculi> treatm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,picture-frame 9 ,oak ) ,gesso 78,d5ol9e07 ,fill+ ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,x might seem at fir/ sight t su* a mat]ial _h no p>ticul> limitations or natural laws :i* 9 all art are s s]viceable 9 evolv+ :at we call /yle4 ,yet ela/ic z x appe>s to be1 & possess+ su* consid]able range ( effect1 exp]i5ce soon tea*es u t x has its own mo/ fitt+ *>act]i/ics & t5d5cies 9 ornam5t4 ,! arti/1 s f> f desir+ to disguise ! real conditions ( ! "w1 w\ld r emphasize _! peculi> *>act]i/ics4 ,= in/ance1 9 lay+ on & modell+ any design 9 gesso ) a bru%1 he w f9d ! bru% & ! pa/e conspire toge!r to fav\r ! production ( c]ta9 =ms ( ornam5t1 delicate bran* & leaf & scroll "w1 = in/ance1 & dott$ bord]+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,treatm5t ( ,=m 9 ,gesso ,decoration ,by ,walt] ,crane ,su* =ms z ^! ! bru%1 *>g$ ) gesso1 almo/ naturally takes1 & ! leaf %apes may be consid]$ almo/ z ! reflection ( ! =m ( ! bru% itself4 ,! modell+ ( ! m rais$ smoo? p>ts is produc$ by gradually & lightly add+--sup]impos+ :ile moi/ fre% gesso1 on ! sy/em ( pte sur pte1 :i* amalgamates ) t und]nea?4 ,! arti/1 9 modell+ ! limbs ( figures1 w\ld emphasize ! ma9 muscul> masses1 all[+ = ! natural t5d5cy ( ! pa/e to s(t5 its own edges 9 runn+ toge!r3 s t a limb w\ld be built up some:at 9 ! way indicat$ 9 ! draw+ by successive lay]s ( ! mat]ial float$ ov] ea* o!r :ile moi/4 ,( c\rse1 ! success ( ! result dep5ds ^u n only ! nicety ( t\* b also on ! prop] consi/5cy ( ! gesso1 :i*1 if mix$ too ?91 w\ld be likely to lose =m & run out ( b\nds4 ,gesso1 !re=e1 = bru% "w %\ld be mix$ l ! valetud9>ian's gruel 9 "o ( ,miss ,au/5's novels--8,?91 b n too ?940 ,illu/ration3 ,sy/em ( ,modell+ ) ! ,bru% 9 ,gesso ,illu/ration3 ,gesso ,decoration3 ! ,d9+-,room1 #a;a1 ,holl& ,p>k ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane4 ,! ,side-bo>d ,design$ by ,philip ,webb4 ,f a ,photograph by ,w4 ,e4 ,gray ,x is ( little use giv+ exact quantities1 s9ce satisfactory work+ dep5ds ^u all sorts ( v>iable conditions1 almo/ 9 ! nature ( accid5ts1 su* z temp]ature1 quality ( ! mat]ials1 & nature ( tools1 none ( :i* behaves exactly 9 ! same way on all occasions1 & ?is v>iability mu/ necess>ily lead to diff]5t results 9 diff]5t h&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,gesso ,decoration3 ! ,d9+-,room1 #a;a1 ,holl& ,p>k ,frieze & ,panel ov] ,fireplace & subsidi>y "w on ! ,woodwork ( ! ,fireplace1 ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane4 ,! ,fireplace ,design$ by ,philip ,webb ,f a ,photograph by ,w4 ,e4 ,gray ,illu/ration3 ,gesso ,decoration3 ,detail ( ,c(f]$ ,ceil+1 #a;a1 ,holl& ,p>k ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane4 ,f a ,photograph by ,w4 ,e4 ,gray ,x is only p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! subtle me*anical & mat]ial conditions :i* are insep>able p>ts ( ! production ( all "w ( ! nature ( art1 :i* c really det]m9e _! fitness to ea* individual work]1 :o mu/ soon] or lat]1 if 8 "w is alive1 make c]ta9 v>iations to suit 8 own p>ticul> idiosyncrasies4 ,illu/ration3 ,gesso ,panel ,silv]$ & ,t9t$ ) ,col\r$ ,lacqu]s 7"p ( ,frieze 9 ,d9+-,room at #a;a1 ,holl& ,p>k7 ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane4 ,f a ,photograph by ,w4 ,e4 ,gray ,illu/ration3 ,panel 9 ,gesso1 ,t9t$ ) ,lacqu]s & ,lu/re ,pa9t ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,x is p]fectly hopeless to attempt to pursue any =m ( art on purely me*anical precepts & pr9ciples4 ,a few pla9 & practical directions1 z to a travell] seek+ 8 road 9 an unkn[n l&1 may be giv51 & ! re/ mu/ be le>nt /ep by /ep 9 exp]i5ce1 & z mu* z c be ga!r$ f opportunities ( see+ ! "w done by skill$ h&s1 f :i*1 inde$1 ev]y?+ le>nable c be le>nt4 ,illu/ration3 ,panel 9 ,gesso1 ,t9t$ ) ,lacqu] ,design$ by ,walt] ,crane ,ev5 complete ma/]y ov] mat]ials is1 aft] all1 n ev]y?+4 ,9 fact1 f ! arti/ic 7or inv5tive7 po9t ( view1 "w only beg9s !re1 z expression comes aft] or ) spee*4 ,design has mu* analogy to poetry4 ,unless ! motive is real & organic1 unless ! ?\ght & =m h some?+ individual 9 !m1 unless ! feel+ is true1 x fails to int]e/ u4 ,h]e9 lies ! :ole "q ( arti/ic production4 ,yet is x wor? :ile to le>n :at c be le>nt ab\t any =m ( art1 if only x enables "o to realize its true nature & some?+ ( ! laws ( its expression1 :i* k1 at lea/1 if x does n conf] creative p[]1 greatly increases ! intellig5t pleasure ( its appreciation4 ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,! ,,easel ,,picture ,,to ,,decorative ,,art ,despite ! inv5tion ( oil pa9t+ 7:i* ,c5n9o consid]$ only fit = lazy pa9t]s7 & ! fact t _m easel pictures n[ produc$ appe> to h a v remote relation to decorative art z g5]ally und]/ood1 ,i am /ill ( ! op9ion t ! easel picture1 prop]ly consid]$ & plac$ 9 its "r relation%ip to its surr\nd+s1 by judici\s treatm5t & hang+1 & above all by a c]ta9 mural feel+1 may be ! acme ( decoration4 ,its relation to a s*eme ( decoration may be l t ( a jewel 9 a dress4 ,( c\rse1 ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ! po9t ( view ( ! pa9t]1 9 ! fir/ place1 & 9 ! pres5t age ! easel picture has be5 a fav\rite m$ium n only = ! display1 /range to say1 ( t individualism & exp]im5talism :i* are suppos$ to be special mod]n *>act]i/ics1 b also = ! m]g+ ( individuality 9 s*ools1 types1 & modes ( pa9t+1 or frank imitation ( fa%ionable ma/]s4 ,! easel picture diff]s f any consci\s piece ( decoration by n be+ necess>ily associat$ )1 or consci\sly relat$ to1 any o!r piece or s*eme ( design4 ,yet1 practically1 x mu/ be relat$ to some?+4 ,x is relat$1 9 ! fir/ place1 if a s9c]e "w1 to some?+ 9 ! pa9t]'s m9d4 ,mo/ pa9t]s are impressionable & s5sitive to ! effect ( _! surr\nd+s4 ,x is a common say+ h[ mu* bett] a picture looks 9 ! /udio 9 ! light 9 :i* x 0 pa9t$1 b probably x is n only ! light+ b ! surr\nd+s also1 & ! picture has be5 p]haps unconsci\sly pa9t$ 9 h>mony ) its surr\nd+s1 its col\r s*eme affect$ by ! col\r ( ! /udio walls1 drap]ies1 & furniture4 ,c]ta9 x is t1 z a rule1 pa9t]s are kn[n by a fav\rite s*eme & key ( col\r1 q ap>t f ! fact t comm]cial consid]ations (t5 enc\rage !m to repeat !mselves4 ,! mod]n picture-exhibitions--,i mean big %[s l t ( ! ,royal ,academy--h p]haps done m to de/roy ! decorative relation%ip ( ! easel pictures ?an any?+4 ,an analog\s effect is produc$ on ! m9d by ! sight ( s _m pictures ( s _m diff]5t sorts1 subjects1 & scales1 & treatm5ts cr[d$ toge!r1 to t produc$ by a surfeit ( ornam5t1 & patt]n on patt]n1 9 int]nal decoration4 ,?is seems to po9t to ! fact t true decoration lies r 9 ! s5se ( proportion & arrangem5t or di/ribution ?an 9 ! use ( p>ticul> units ( ornam5t1 /yles1 col\rs1 or mat]ials1 & t "o may de/roy decorative effect by ! v means ( decoration--b we h only to rememb] ! mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,i h spok5 ( mural feel+ 9 a picture be+ important to its decorative quality or relation%ip1 & x is ! mo/ obvi\s & necess>y relation%ip1 s9ce x e/abli%es a relation%ip ) ! de/9$ place ( ! picture--! wall4 ,its frame1 :i* sep>ates a picture f its surr\nd+s1 also helps to unite x aga9 to its orig9al home1 :]e x becomes a movable in/ead ( a fix$ panel enclos$ by a m\ld+4 ,no ^w is p]haps (t5] on ! p5 ( ! prattl] ab\t pictures 7or art critic7 ?an ! ^w 8decorative10 :i* seems v v>i\sly und]/ood & appli$ to all sorts & conditions ( pa9t+4 ,:at is really compreh5d$ by ! phrase is appropriate treatm5t1 or mural feel+4 ,a satisfactory def9ition ( mural feel+ w\ld be difficult1 s9ce x is a quality compos$ ( _m elem5ts1 b ,i ?9k mo/ arti/s "k :at !y mean by x4 ,to my m9d x includes a c]ta9 flatness ( treatm5t ) *oice ( simple planes1 & pure & l[-ton$ col\rs1 toge!r ) a c]ta9 ornam5tal dignity or ar*itectural feel+ 9 ! /ructure ( =ms & l9es ( composition1 & is g5]ally anti!tic to accid5tal or sup]ficial *>act]i/ics or :at might be call$ l&scape effects4 ,does ?is !n exclude l&scapes f ! decorative relation1 x might be ask$8 ,va/ di/ances1 l>ge sky spaces1 w9d-toss$ trees1 turbul5t seas & fly+ %ad[s c]ta9ly d n t5d to ! repose ( a wall--b x is precisely to 8give int]e/0 7to p n int]e/$ 9 8m]e patt]ns07 t pictures are hung ^u x1 & to "s ta/es !re _c be too mu* drama go+ on4 ,o!rs w\ld r keep x b\nd up 9 ano!r =m 9 _! libr>ies & only let x loose occasionally4 ,b ,i am f> f say+ t ev5 ! sky-l&scape has no decorative place4 ,b y mu/ n mix x or h too mu* ( x4 ,a w9d[ may be an important decorative elem5t 9 ! s*eme ( an int]ior1 & a l&scape ?ree p>ts sky may h some?+ ( ! value ( a w9d[ 9 a room4 ,b x might be possible to decorate ) l&scapes alone1 ?\gh "o w\ld pref] tape/ry l&scapes )\t sky1 or ) v high horizons1 at lea/ = ! l[] walls2 c]ta9ly !re nev] ought to be sky bel[ ! eye level on a wall4 ,! ,turn] room has a c]ta9 unity & spl5d\r ( its own1 reg>d$ simply f a p>ticul> decorative po9t ( view1 & ,turn] w\ld be pron\nc$ ,i suppose ! lea/ decorative 9 feel+ ( mod]n arti/s--r ! epic poet 9 pa9t4 ,e age1 too1 has its own notions ( decoration--inde$ "o might say ev5 e decade n[1 or ev5 a less p]iod1 we live s fa/6 ,no rules or canons ( ta/e 9 art are ( univ]sal application or acceptable to all p]iods4 ,z decoration is prim>ily fitness & h>mony1 ) ?is c5tral idea "o may produce decorative effects ) v diff]5t mat]ials1 & we h only to glance back to our hi/oric p]iods to see h[ x 0 accompli%$4 ,! /&>d ( ! ,beautiful und\bt$ly %ifts1 or p]haps *anges h&s 9 ! unceas+ /ruggle to w9 x1 & :at is wor%ipp$ at "o epo* or 9 "o c5tury is ca/ out & trodd5 "u foot 9 ! next4 ,p]haps we h 7dur+ ! pa/ c5tury7 ga9$ a little hi/oric balance or tol]ation1 & all ( u are n prep>$ to make a clean sweep ( ! "w ( ! o!r c5turies 9 fav\r ( ! fav\r$ "o4 ,b a h>moni\s effect is always m difficult ) mix$ mat]ials 7:i* may acc\nt 9 "s degree = ! m>k$ success ( 8! tulip & ! bird0 9 mod]n decorative patt]ns74 ,c]ta9 mat]ial conditions1 too1 fav\r ! gr[? ( a high] type ( art at "o p]iod ?an ano!r4 ,we c nev] elude ! economic basis :i* necess>ily affects our =ms ( art z ( o!r ?+s4 8,pictures1 furniture1 & effects0 is ! auctione]'s fav\rite phrase 9 describ+ ! prop]ty ( a g5tleman4 ,he might be describ+ pictures alone4 ,we h he>d ( 8furniture pictures0--b remove ! reproa*1 is x n 9 ! fitness ( ?+s t pictures %\ld be furniture1 & _! highe/ de/9y to decorate a room8 ,b :5 pictures become c\nt]s 9 ! game ( speculation1 y\r decorative relations along ) y\r social relations may take c>e ( !mselves4 ,!y become1 9 fact1 v poor relations4 ,! portability ( ! easel picture may h some?+ to d ) its unrelatable "* 9 "s cases4 ,de/9$ = n[h]e 9 p>ticul> z a rule1 x goes on t\r--a memb] ( a p]=m+ & (t5 v div]se company1 to all ! prov9cial t[ns1 & ev5 on ! cont95t4 ,yet !re 7 portable & ev5 fold+ pictures 9 classical & m$iaeval times1 & c]ta9ly !re 0 no want ( decorative relation%ip 9 ! latt] p]iod :51 z we "k1 !y 7 (t5 mo/ beautiful pieces ( furniture & wall decorations1 z well z pictures4 ,ev5 ! gold-fram$ oil picture 0 frankly treat$ by ! ,v5etians z a decoration--& a ceil+ decoration--z witness ! ,t9torettos 9 ! ,ducal palace4 ,x w\ld n be difficult to select pictures f ! ,national ,gall]y f ! ,italian1 ,flemi%1 & ev5 ! ,dut* & ,spani% s*ools1 :i* w\ld n only be admirable pieces ( decoration b also furni% ! decorator ) beautiful decorative s*emes ( col\r4 ,an easel picture might be made ! c5tral po9t ( its own s*eme ( col\r & tone1 & l$ up to1 z x 71 by ev]y?+ 9 ! room4 ,!re may be1 z ,i h said already1 room = ! op5 sky 9 decoration1 too1 if y 8sky0 x en\gh1 or put x 9 a frieze1 & ?is t\*es a r important po9t ( decorative relation%ip1 too (t5 ignor$ by ! hang] ( easel pictures1 t is ! plac+ ( ! picture s t its horizon or vani%+ po9t %all be on a level ) ! eye ( ! spectator4 ,*eck$ by su* consid]ations1 & due selection ( scale & tone 9 plac+ pictures1 ,i w\ld n say t decorative effects are n possible ) ! mo/ easel ( easel pictures--only y mu/ add ! decorator to ! pa9t] to br+ !m (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,pictorial ,decoration1 ,ducal ,palace1 ,v5ice ,f a ,photograph by ,al9>i ,"s faceti\s fri5ds ( ,william ,morris once propos$ to s5d him a circul> ask+ subscriptions to an association = ! protection ( ! poor easel-picture pa9t]1 s9ce he 0 be+ froz5 out by design]s ( wall-pap]s & hang+s ( su* m]e ornam5tal int]e/ t p did n want any?+ else on _! walls4 ,x 0 a joke1 b !re 0 mean+ 9 x1 &1 ?r[n z we are on ! _w-m>ket1 ! float+ ( "o man or "o k9d ( art is too (t5 at ! exp5se ( ! s9k+ ( ano!r4 ,pictures1 l o!r ?+s1 %\ld1 9 an ideal /ate1 be produc$ = use & pleasure n = pr(it1 & !re w\ld !n be less d\bt ( _! decorative relation%ip2 &1 al?\gh1 if ?is me?od 7 adopt$ g5]ally1 x w\ld greatly r$uce ! output1 ,i _c help feel+ ! ,japanese %[ a true in/9ct = ! decorative relation ( pictures :5 !y only %[ "o kakimono at a "t2 b1 aft]1 all t w\ld only mean t we c\ld keep ! re/ ( our collection--z s _m ma/]pieces h be5 kept--roll$ up or ) _! faces to ! wall4 ,a ,,great ,,arti/ ,,9 ,a ,,lit]>y ,,se>*light#b ,our late vet]an ideali/-sculptor-pa9t] s (t5 sat 9 ! *air ( ! lit]>y op]ator1 :e!r j\rnali/ic critic1 int]view]1 or m s]i\s biographical apprais]1 t "o imag9es t 9 8 life-"t he mu/ long h ceas$ to wond] :at mann] ( man--or arti/--he might be1 &1 l en\gh1 vex$ n himself :5 vivisect$ to make a ,briti% holiday4 #b 8,g4 ,f4 ,watts10 by ,g4 ,k4 ,*e/]ton4 ,london1 ,duckwor? & ,co4 ,! necessity = a m or less complete 8siz+ up0 ( a fam\s arti/1 ( classify+ him & affix+ a descriptive label1 or br&1 seems to answ] to "s requirem5t ( ! age1 despite ! *ance ( ! label becom+ out ( date1 ow+1 p]*ance1 to ! unexpect$ v]satility or longevity ( ! labell$4 ,x accords ) ! habits ( a comm]cial p to h 8all goods m>k$ 9 pla9 figures20 curiosity1 too1 mu/ be satisfi$1 & art1 n always at once cle>ly speak+ out = itself 9 ! v]nacul>1 ! lit]>y int]pret] & critical labell] f9d _! opportunity4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 difficult en\gh to attempt to sum up ! quality & range ( an arti/ 9 8 lifetime1 & 9 ! %ort p]spective ( ! pres5t assign to him 8 prop] relative position = all "t2 b1 z x may be /ill m difficult aft] he has gone1 !re may be "s excuse = ! attempt--:i* has at lea/ ! excitem5t ( d>+--to make a true e/imate ( 8 p[]s & position :ile he yet live?1 & :ile 8 works *ange _! "* "u diff]5t impulses & influ5ces "u our v eyes4 ,n t su* a brilliant & sympa!tic little /udy z ?is by ,mr4 ,*e/]ton ne$s any excuse4 ,he is always su* good read+1 & has su* a bright epigrammatic way ( putt+ ?+s1 t ev5 if he 7 less p5etrat+ he c\ld n fail to be amus+ & /imulat+4 ,! rapid fla% ( 8 se>*light1 z x 71 t\*es s airily on s _m int]e/+ objects 9 its sweep t1 z "o might say ( a pa9t]1 8 backgr\nd1 ) its weal? ( subsidi>y & illu/rative detail1 is (t5 m fasc9at+ ?an ! treatm5t ( 8 ma9 subject or pr9cipal figure4 ,! book = "o ?+ is rem>kable = ! attitude ! au?or takes up 9 reg>d to ! n9ete5? c5tury--9 endeav\r+ to acc\nt = ,mr4 ,watts--&1 z x appe>s to be a n altoge!r uncommon view ) m5 ( ! pres5t g5]ation--al?\gh mo/ly born 9 t my?ical c5tury--"o may take 8 view z m or less typical4 ,b1 really1 f ! way 9 :i* ! c5tury j clos$ is reg>d$ "o might suppose x 0 z di/ant almo/ z ! ?irte5?4 ,illu/ration3 8,love & ,dea?0 ,by ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 ,r4,a4 ,h we !n *ang$ s mu*1 or is x only ! figure-heads or bra9-heads & _! ideals :i* h *ang$8 ,t 8!re is a tide 9 ! affairs ( m50 we all "k--a flood & an ebb tide1 inde$1 & x may be ! tide ( aspiration is n[ r l[1 & "s ( u may sigh z we look seaw>d at ! /ately dep>t+ %ips ) _! brave ensigns gl[+ 9 ! fad+ light ( sunset :i* has left ! =e%ore1 encumb]$ ) ! drift & wreckage ( disappo9t$ hopes & disillusion4 ,we may h to wait "s "t = ! flood & we "k n :at argosies ( new hopes & ?\ghts x w br+ u4 ,9 ! meantime we mu/ make %ift ) our "o hope1 or our hope ) "o /r+ z be/ we may4 ,b if our "y m5 h ceas$ to dream dreams1 our old m5 h n ceas$ to see visions1 & ! great ideali/-pa9t] we h s lately lo/ mu/ be c\nt$ z ! =emo/ ( su*4 ,x w always be to 8 hon\r t ?r\gh good report & evil report he /eadfa/ly upheld ! bann] :i* pr\dly ass]ts ! intellectual "* ( pa9t+1 & claims its "r & its p[]1 z a language ( peculi> vividness1 ri*ness1 & res\rce1 to express c]ta9 typical & pr(\nd ?\ghts & emotions1 & to embody by def9ite b delicate symbolism ideas & ideals n possible to be convey$ s succ9ctly1 s sugge/ively1 & above all1 s beautifully by any o!r means4 ,matt] & mann] _c really be sep>at$ 9 any vital art4 ,=m & _s become fus$ 9 all its highe/1 ev5 9 all its g5u9e %apes4 ,illu/ration3 8,sir ,galahad0 ,by ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 ,r4,a4 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton r /eps aside 9 "o place to poke fun at ,allegory 7z ,i note lit]>y m5 are1 curi\sly en\gh1 prone to d71 al?\gh else:]e he appe>s to admit t x has its due place & value 9 art1 & he gr[s en?usia/ic ov] ,mr4 ,watts's use ( x4 ,b t is j ! crux4 ,ev]y?+ is 9 ! arti/'s use & treatm5t4 ,!re is allegory & allegory4 ,9 its highe/ =m x is a species ( poetry1 9 its l[e/ x becomes a catalogue4 ,we may g to ,ces>e ,ripa & get a recipe = ! correct make-up ( any virtue we wi% to symbolize4 ,f$elta 7,fidelity71 = in/ance1 is giv51 8,donna ve/ita di bianco1 colla de/ra mane ti5e una *iave1 ed ha alii pi$i un cane40 ,well1 !re y are--b x all dep5ds ^u ! arti/ :e!r ! emblem repres5ts ea* item 9 ! crude/ =m1 or becomes a really f9e design1 full ( ref9em5t & inn] mean+4 ,to appreciate ! allegory ( a pa/ age "o mu/ be able to read oneself into its _s4 ,! ,allegories ( ,botticelli seem to belong to a diff]5t _w f ^? ( ,rub5s1 & appeal to a diff]5t mood & ev5 ord] ( m9d4 ,i q agree ) ,mr4 ,*e/]ton t a lady 9 classical drap]y & a cornucopia1 or caduceus1 w\ld q inadequately repres5t mod]n comm]ce4 7,a bull & a be> play+ see-saw across ! globe w\ld be ne>] ! m>k1 p]haps67 ,b ! lady might h a place 9 a decorative composition1 symboliz+ ?+s 9 ! ab/ract1 :5 beauty ( treatm5t is aga9 all-important4 ,! _s ( ,sp5s]'s 8,fa]ie ,que5e0 is m pa9t]-l 9 allegory 7:i* is always 9 ,sp5s] p]fectly def9ite7 ?an t ( any o!r writ]1 & x is p]fectly bl5d$ ) poetic & imag9ative feel+1 j z 9 a pa9t$ allegory ! matt] ( x %\ld be insep>able f its =m4 ,illu/ration3 8,hope0 ,by ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 ,r4,a4 ,we feel ?is to be s 9 ! f9e/ works ( ,watts1 su* z ! 8,love & ,dea?40 ,x is /range1 h[ev]1 to f9d ,mr4 ,*e/]ton writ+ ( allegorical pictures z if !y 7 z pl5tiful z blackb]ries4 8,millions10 he m5tions--,i wond] h[ _m he c\ld c\nt 9 any ,royal ,academy exhibition8 ,i _h suppos$ t allegorical design 0 almo/ a lo/ art1 z well z a dead language1 9 ! e/imation ( our p--except p]haps ! species :i* goes to ! mak+ ( political c>toons4 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton's discrim9at+ appreciation ( ,mr4 ,watts's portraits is excell5t1 & 8 rem>ks ^u ! aff9ity betwe5 ,watts & ,t5nyson v true4 ,9 ! compreh5siv5ess1 b indef9it5ess1 ( _! intellectual view !y are ak92 b va/ness involves vagu5ess1 & vagu5ess is a *>act]i/ic 9 ! pa9t]'s "w4 ,9 ,mr4 ,watts's cosmic & elem5tal designs great half def9$ %apes loom up out ( vapor\s space4 ,8 h]oes belong to no def9ite hi/oric "t1 ?\gh 9 8 wide ca?olicity & sympa?y 8 "w embraces all human types4 ,8 eye is fa/5$ on ! type & slights ! circum/ance4 ,! accid5t1 ! realization ( ! mom5t is no?+ to him2 b "o nev] saw a draw+ 9 pure outl9e by ! arti/1 & ! *>m ( cle> silh\ette does n appe> to appeal to him1 nei!r is ess5tial to 8 art4 ,& ,mr4 ,watts himself _c be outl9$1 & !re=e x seems curi\s to f9d him set d[n z a ,puritan 9 "o place1 & a democrat767 9 ano!r4 ,al?\gh ,mr4 ,*e/]ton speaks ( cle> outl9e or 8h>d black l9e10 z a quality n ,celtic1 & bases 8 argum5t t ,mr4 ,watts is n ,celtic ^u ! "* ( 8 l9e1 8 phrase1 8sculptor ( draughtsman%ip10 is incisive1 z x is c]ta9ly a grasp ( /ructure r ?an outl9e :i* di/+ui%es ,mr4 ,watts's "w2 & 9 ?is quality x may be said lies ! true reason ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 8 portraits & mu* mod]n portraiture :i* seeks r ! expression ( ! mom5t & ! accid5tal light+1 z 9 a l&scape1 r ?an ! type & ! und]ly+ /ructure1 ! expression ( :i* e/abli%es a c]ta9 relation1 & t fundam5tal family lik5ess betwe5 v diff]5t individuals :i* ,mr4 ,*e/]ton has not$4 ,=1 inde$1 m5 & wom5 are m\ld$ 9 types f> m ?an is commonly suppos$4 ,aft] all1 ! great m]it ( ,mr4 ,*e/]ton's critical rem>ks consi/s 9 _! n qu>rell+ ) an oak tree because x does n happ5 to be a p9e2 & 9 t he does n ?9k x necess>y 9 ord] t 8 subject may be prop]ly appreciat$ to make a pavem5t ( all o!r reputations1 or1 l ! irrelevant ,walrus & ,c>p5t] on ! s&--) mu* virtue 9 t 8if0--8if ?is10--c]ta9 ess5tial *>act]i/ics1 say1 ( an arti/'s /yle--87 only cle>$ away x w\ld be gr&40 ,= ! re/1 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton's sp>kl+ /yle & weal? ( :imsical illu/ration make ! book uncommonly readable1 :i* _c always be said ) reg>d to monographs on arti/s4 ,,index ,abydos1 ,temple ( ,seti1 #hi4 ,academic me?od ( art tea*+1 !1 #eh-fe4 ,action1 repres5tation (1 #eb1 #ed4 ,adv]tisem5ts1 ! curse ( mod]n1 #gg1 #gh1 #hd4 ,allegory 9 art1 #bgh4 ,anagni1 *asuble f ! ,ca!dral (1 #bjf4 ,animal =ms 9 decoration1 #bjc-bbd4 ,ar*itecture1 importance (1 9 art tra9+1 #dd1 #ej4 ,art1 influ5ce ( economic que/ions 91 #bc2 value ( s\nd traditions 91 #bi2 social function (1 #cb2 ! tea*+ (1 #ce-ef2 sympa!tic atmosph]e a necessity =1 #cf-dj2 connection betwe5 ar*itecture &1 #dd2 ess5tial unity (1 #dd1 #dh2 ! imitative & imag9ative sides (1 #dh2 advantage ( ar*itectural ov] pictorial tra9+ 91 #ej2 me?ods ( art tea*+1 #eh-fh2 academic me?ods ( tea*+1 #eh-fe2 dom9at$ by ! sculptor's art & aims1 #fd2 mod]n possibilities ( tea*+1 #ff-fh2 ,tol/oi's views on1 #fi-ge2 ! social & e?ical be>+s (1 #hh-aja2 influ5ce (1 9 ! *ur*1 #ic2 n ! monopoly ( ! ri*1 #ie-ig2 ref9+ influ5ce (1 #ig1 #ih2 *ange 9 ! conditions ( ! practice (1 #ii1 #ajj4 8,art ,n\veau1 ,l'10 #abh1 #abi4 ,art ,work]s' ,guild1 !1 #ah1 #ca2 device =1 #bea1 #bec4 ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society1 !3 =mation (1 #bj2 fir/ exhibition (1 #ba2 objects & pr9ciples (1 #bb4 ,assyrian reliefs1 object & value (1 #ij4 ,bac*us1 visit (1 to ,ic>ius1 ,romano-,greek relief1 #ajf4 ,bamb]g1 ,royal mantle f ! ,treasury (1 #bje4 ,b>ron1 ,o41 #bjj4 ,bell1 ,r4 ,a41 #aei4 ,bellamy's 8,look+ ,backw>d10 quot$1 #hc4 ,b]!let1 ,?omas1 b9d+s by1 #bbg1 #bbi4 ,birm+ham1 s*eme = frescoes illu/rat+ local hi/ory at1 #abj4 ,blake1 ,william1 #e1 #f4 ,bl&1 ,j4 ,p41 specim5 ( calligraphy by1 #fe4 ,blickl+1 ceil+ at1 #aeh4 ,book-cov]s1 design+ (1 #bbe-bcf4 ,borgia ap>tm5ts1 decoration ( !1 #bch1 #bci1 #bdj1 #bdh2 model (1 at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 #bdj1 #bdh4 ,b\rnville1 #aba1 #adh2 views 91 #abc4 ,br[n1 ,=d ,madox1 #ab2 frescoes 9 ! ,man*e/] ,t[n ,hall by1 #aah1 #aai1 #abj4 ,build+ ,acts1 !1 #abf2 local bye-laws1 #aeb4 ,burges1 ,william1 #ag4 ,burne-,jones1 ,sir ,e41 #bj1 #afb1 #age1 #bdj4 ,butt]field1 ,william1 #ag4 ,calv]t1 ,edw>d1 #g1 #h1 #i4 ,c>paccio's 8,dream ( ,/4 ,ursula10 #add1 #adg4 ,crane1 ,lancelot1 figure composition by1 #cg4 ,crane1 ,lionel ,f41 design = a collective dwell+ by1 #aaf2 cottage at ,let*wor? design$ by1 #adh-aea4 ,c5tral ,s*ool ( ,arts & ,crafts1 !1 #bh1 #bi4 ,*e/]ton1 ,g4 ,k41 8 8,g4 ,f4 ,watts0 criticis$1 #bgc-bha4 ,cleobury1 ,w4 ,t41 #acc-aci1 #ada1 #adc4 ,cobd5-,s&]son1 ,t4 ,j41 #bcj4 ,collective dwell+s1 #aae-aag4 ,comm]cialism1 evil effects (1 #hd1 #he1 #id4 ,cretonne1 pr9t$1 #afj-afb4 ,crivelli's 8,annunciation10 #adb4 ,cr\*back1 ,edmund1 ,e>l ( ,lanca/]1 figure f ! tomb (1 #bbc4 ,dalpeyrat1 ,m4 ,l\is1 #bg4 ,day1 ,lewis ,f41 #ah1 #bjc4 8,decorative10 mean+ ( ! ^w1 #bfg4 ,decorative art1 developm5t (1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 #b et seq42 mod]n revival (1 #ae et seq42 relation ( ! easel picture to1 #bfe4 8,d5ol9e10 #beb4 ,dress1 abs5ce ( beauty 9 mod]n1 #ha-hc2 progress ( ta/e 91 #aga-aia2 influ5ce ( ! pre-,raphaelites on1 #age2 types ( arti/ic1 #agg2 types ( *ildr5's1 #agi2 types ( work+1 #aha2 mod]n & m$iaeval1 #ahe1 #ahg4 ,dunkley1 ,miss ,l4 ,m41 designs = embroid]y by1 #de1 #df4 ,ea/lake1 ,c4 ,l41 8 8,h9ts on ,h\sehold ,ta/e10 #ag4 ,egyptian hi]oglyphics1 #hi1 #ij1 #ajc2 decorative art1 #aab4 ,enamell+1 mod]n revival (1 #bf1 #bg4 ,exhibition ( #ahea1 !1 #c4 8,fifte51 !10 #ah4 ,fi%]1 ,alex&]1 #bg4 ,flats1 effects ( liv+ 91 #aad1 #aae4 ,flaxman1 ,john1 #i4 ,fylfot1 !1 #ajd4 ,g>d5 ,city ,association1 !1 #aba1 #adh4 ,g5oa1 ,doria ,palace1 gesso decorations 91 #bdh4 ,gesso1 orig9 (1 #bdg2 f9e examples (1 #bdh2 me?ods ( work+ 91 #bdi2 ,gesso ,duro1 #bdi2 8,d5ol9e10 #beb2 sy/em ( modell+ 91 #beg4 ,gild+1 use (1 9 decoration1 #bcg-bdf4 ,gimson1 ,erne/ ,w41 cottage design$ by1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aee4 ,gra9+1 #acj4 ,greece1 ! arti/ic s5se (1 #ij1 #ia4 ,greek1 ornam5t1 #ajd-ajg1 #bae2 drap]y1 #agc4 ,h>vey1 ,alex4 ,w41 cottages design$ by1 #abc1 #adh4 ,h]aldic lions1 #bbj-bbb4 ,hill1 ,v9c5t1 panel by1 #fg4 ,holl& ,p>k1 #a;a1 int]ior (1 #aca2 gesso decorations 91 #beh-bfa4 ,home ,arts & ,indu/ries ,association1 !1 #ai4 ,h\se-decoration1 ,?\ghts on1 #aaj-agj4 ,h[>d1 ,eb5ez]1 #aba4 ,hung>ian peasant co/umes1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ,hunt1 ,holman1 #i1 #ab4 ,kidd1 ,a41 /a9$ glass panel by1 #fb4 ,knole1 ceil+ at1 #aeh4 ,krug]1 ,g4 ,e41 #aie4 ,lacey1 ,miss ,c4 ,m41 ,h]aldic /udies by1 #dg4 ,lant]i1 ,pr(41 #aid4 ,let*wor?1 ,g>d5 ,city1 cottage at1 #adh-aea4 ,l9e1 mean+ (1 9 ornam5t1 #ajg1 #ajh4 ,london1 "s aspects (1 #gf-hc4 ,lucas van ,leyd5's 8,annunciation10 #add1 #ade4 ,mackim1 ,meade1 & ,:ite1 ,messrs41 #bdb4 ,man*e/]1 frescoes 9 ! ,t[n ,hall 91 #abj4 ,mantua1 model ( ! room ( ,isabella d',e/e at1 #bdj4 ,m>t91 ,a4 ,e41 ar*itectural design by1 #db4 ,millais1 ,sir ,j4 ,e41 #aa4 ,moira1 ,g]ald1 #aei1 #aid4 ,moore1 ,/urge1 #i4 ,morris1 ,william1 #ae1 #bj1 #bd1 #aef1 #afb1 #age1 #bgb4 8,municipal ,j\rnal10 ! 7,new ,york71 #ha4 8,mural feel+10 #bfe1 #bfg4 ,muybridge1 ,mr41 #eb4 ,national ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,art 9 ,relation to ,indu/ry1 !1 #ai4 ,new ,york1 movem5t 9 fav\r ( public beauty 91 #ha4 ,ornam5t & its mean+1 #ajb-aji2 analogy ( to music1 #ajb2 orig9s (1 #ajc2 two s\rces ( mean+ 91 #ajf4 ,pal]mo1 ,cappella ,reale1 decoration (1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bdc4 ,palm]1 ,samuel1 #i4 ,p>is ,exhibition1 ! ,engli% ,h\se at !1 #afb4 ,p>r1 ,h41 /udies by1 #ch1 #ci4 ,peleus & ,!tis1 ,greek cylix1 #aje4 ,pictures1 backgr\nd =1 #adb1 #add2 relation (1 to decorative art1 #bfe-bgb4 ,p9turic*io's decoration ( ! ,app>tam5ti ,borgia1 #bch1 #bci1 #bdj1 #bdh4 ,pla/]1 treatm5t (1 #aeh1 #aei4 ,pom]oy1 ,mr41 #aei4 ,pompeian decoration1 #aac4 ,pre-,raphaelite movem5t1 !1 #ab1 #ad1 #ae1 #age4 ,pug91 ,a4 ,w4 ,n41 #ag4 ,ranwor? rood-scre51 #acc-aci1 #ada1 #adc4 ,reynes1 ,john1 b9d+ by1 #bcc4 ,ri*>d ,,ii1 figure (1 9 ! ,wilton picture1 #bai4 ,rigby1 ,h4 ,a41 p5-draw+s by1 #ee1 #eg4 ,rome1 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 use ( gild+ 91 #bdf4 ,rossetti1 ,d4 ,g41 #aj1 #ab1 #ae1 #age4 ,royal ,college ( ,art1 specim5s ( /ud5ts' "w1 #cg-fg4 ,rusk91 ,john1 #ad4 ,s&ys1 ,fr$]ick1 #ab1 #ac4 ,scott1 ,sir ,walt]1 #aj4 ,sev5oaks1 ,combe ,bank1 decorations at1 #aei4 ,%aw1 ,h5ry1 #af4 ,%aw1 ,norman1 #ah4 ,%ea1 ,j4 ,r41 cab9et design$ by1 #ei2 wood c>v+ by1 #fa4 ,sicilian ,silk ,patt]ns1 #bjg-bad1 #bah4 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 =mation & influ5ce (1 #af4 ,s\?wold1 rood-scre5 at1 #bdg4 ,spoon]1 ,w4 ,g41 /udies by1 #di1 #ea1 #ec4 ,/5cill+1 developm5t (1 #acf4 ,/ev5s1 ,alfr$1 #d4 ,/ev5son1 ,james ,a41 frieze by1 #fc4 ,/o?>d1 ,?omas1 #aj4 ,/reet decorations1 tempor>y1 #aib-bjb4 ,sykes1 ,godfrey1 #d4 ,temple ,b>1 sugge/ion = tempor>y gateh\se at1 #aig4 ,t5nyson1 ! ,moxon edition (1 #i-ab4 ,?oreau's 8,wald510 #aaa4 ,t9toretto1 #bgj4 ,tol/oi1 ,c\nt1 8 8,:at is ,art80 #fi-ge4 ,tri/ram1 ,e4 ,w41 design = ,tape/ry by1 #dc4 ,van d] ,me]1 #adb4 ,van ,dyck's 8,jan ,arnolf9i & 8 wife10 #adb4 ,v5ice1 ,/4 ,m>k's1 mosaics 91 #bdd2 ,ducal ,palace1 #bga4 ,voysey1 ,c4 ,f4 ,a41 #adg4 ,wall-pap] designs1 #afc-afi4 ,walton1 ,george1 #aeh4 ,watts1 ,g4 ,f41 #bdj2 ,mr4 ,*e/]ton's book on1 #bgc-bha4 ,webb1 ,philip1 #ae1 #af1 #aca1 #beh1 #bei4 ,weeks1 ,h>old1 #bej4 ,weeks1 ,osmund1 #bea4 ,we/m9/] ,bridge1 decoration (1 by /ud5ts ( ! ,r4,c4,a41 #aid1 #aie4 ,:i/l]1 ,j4 ,mc,neill1 #bdb4 ,:ite*apel1 ,w5twor? 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