,transcriber's ,note3 ,apparent typographical errors have been corrected4 ,small capitals have been converted to full capitals4 ,italic font is indicated by underscores and bold font 7other than headings7 by plus signs4 ,a line in blackletter font in the dedication has been bolded4 ,the use of hyphens has been rationalised4 ,sub-paragraphs and lists have been indented4 ,an advertisement for another book by the same author has been shifted to the back of the book4 ,chapter ,,xviii describes the ,rules of the ,road as they apply to the ,high ,seas and to ,u4,s4 ,inland ,waters4 ,in the original work corresponding passages are set out on opposite pages4 ,in this version the ,rules applying to the ,high ,seas are followed by those applying to ,inland ,waters4 ,u4,s4 ,inland ,waters are defined in ,chapter ,,xix4 ,,the ,,men ,,on ,,deck ,master1 ,mates and ,crew ,their ,duties and ,responsibilities ,a ,,manual for ,the ,american ,merchant ,service ,,by ,,felix ,,riesenberg1 ,c4,e4 ,,master ,,mariner 7,,sail ,,and ,,steam7 ,superintendent1 ,new ,york ,state ,nautical ,school1 ,commanding ,schoolship ,newport ,author of ,under ,sail ,illustration3 ,publisher's ,mark ,,new ,,york ,d4 ,,van ,,nostrand ,,company #be ,,park ,,place #aiah ,,copyright1 #aiah ,,by ,d4 ,,van ,,nostrand ,,company ,,dedicated ,,to ,captain ,reginald ,fay ,,of ,,the ,,port ,,of ,,new ,,york ,,in ,,recognition ,,of ,,his ,,untiring ,,efforts ,,for ,,the ,,betterment ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,merchant ,,marine ,preface ,in the days of sail1 the duties of masters1 mates1 and crews1 were well defined4 ,sea practice1 in the various rigs1 had become standard with the authority of an ancient calling4 ,the art of sailing1 and of rigging ships1 was a precise matter4 ,gear remained standard for a century4 ,the main to'bowline of a ,black ,ball ,liner1 tearing to windward in a ,north ,atlantic hummer1 was rove and led in much the same fashion as the main to'bowline of the ships of ,nelson and ,van ,tromp4 ,and the old time seamen1 in their usage and habits1 followed the regularity of the ships upon which they sailed4 ,the gradual transition from sail to steam carried with it1 for a time1 the old system of sailing ship routine4 ,but to-day the sailing ship sailor is a thing of the past2 the works of steam and steel are upon the waters--we are in the age of engines and the engineer4 ,great problems of mechanical propulsion1 and of construction1 are constantly presenting themselves1 and the successors of the ancient mariner1 the modern master1 mates1 and crew2 the deck department1 if you will1 of the present day steamer1 find themselves afloat with different gear and under different conditions every time they change vessels4 ,no standard form of sea training has yet come to take the place of the old-time apprentice system of sail1 and in addition to ships that are far from standard1 we find that many ideas prevail as to the duties and organization of the seamanship branch of the modern steamer4 ,able as they may be individually1 officers of mixed training are constantly being thrown together in vessels of the merchant service1 while in most cases crews are picked up haphazard from the beach4 ,it is not to be wondered at that many ideas prevail as to the proper way of doing things4 ,indeed1 many otherwise intelligent officers often have a very hazy notion as to just what they are supposed to do1 or to know4 ,seamen are often confused1 through lack of knowledge1 as to what may be expected of them2 one vessel is run one way1 and another one may be quite different4 ,in fact the lack of uniformity at sea breeds uncertainty and makes for disorder in situations where order and discipline are essential4 ,among many junior officers in the merchant service a notion prevails that their main object in life is to get along with as little effort as possible while awaiting early promotion and increased pay--they look forward hopefully to that glad day when they will wear the ,master's stripes1 with all day ashore1 while in port1 and all night in1 while at sea--this book will not be agreeable reading for them4 ,in the following pages an attempt is made to point out the things the various members of the deck department of an ocean steam vessel may reasonably be expected to know1 and the things that they may be required to do4 ,the book does not pretend to tell ,,how1 but the object is to show ,,what a modern ,american ,seaman ought to know1 and to do1 and to lay before him the laws by which his calling is regulated4 ,it is also hoped that the book will help to inform owners and shore managers of the kind and quality of service that they should expect from sea officers and men4 ,it is hoped that it will also aid in creating a greater respect for the quality of the men who go down to the sea in steamers2 sail has gone1 but a mighty wake of heavy gear and great responsibility has come along to take its place4 ,great ,lakes officers and seamen1 who are being called to salt water during the winter season1 as a matter of war emergency1 will1 it is hoped1 find the following pages of use in their new situations4 ,in conclusion it may be well to remind the hard-working merchantman that while many things are expected of him fortunately he is not required to do them all at once1 nor do the ,united ,states ,local ,inspectors examine him upon all of the things mentioned in the pages of this little book4 ,the ,american who goes to sea to-day will not content himself with minimum requirements4 ,he means to be more than a ten-per cent seaman4 ,war emergencies have sent many men out on blue water who formerly would never have reached the deck or bridge4 ,they know their limitations--all we can do is to point out the way4 ,the ,author will welcome suggestions and criticisms from officers and men of the ,merchant ,marine who happen to read the pages of this book4 ,standard practice at sea is desirable1 and such practice can best be achieved by some common ground upon which all minds may meet and reasonably agree4 ,letters addressed in care of my publishers1 ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,company1 #be ,park ,place1 ,new ,york1 will be forwarded to me and be appreciated4 ,f4 ,r4 ,,schoolship ,,newport1 ,may #a1 #aiah4 ,table of ,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,i4 ,,the ,,master #a ,,ii4 ,,laws ,,affecting ,,the ,,duties ,,of ,,the ,,master #i ,,iii4 ,,entry ,,and ,,clearance #ah ,,iv4 ,,entry ,,of ,,merchandise #bg ,v4 ,,liability ,,of ,,owners1 ,,masters1 ,,and ,,shippers #ec ,,vi4 ,,miscellaneous ,,laws #ei ,,vii4 ,,the ,,chief ,,mate #gb ,,viii4 ,,the ,,chief ,,mate 7,continued7 #ib ,,ix4 ,,rules ,,of ,,the ,u4 ,s4 ,,supervising ,,inspectors ,,relating ,,to ,,lifesaving #ajc ,x4 ,,passenger ,,act ,,of #ahhb #aaf ,,xi4 ,,the ,,second ,,mate #abh ,,xii4 ,,the ,,third ,,mate #aca ,,xiii4 ,,the ,,junior ,,officers #acc ,,xiv4 ,,cadets #ade ,,xv4 ,,laws ,,defining ,,officers ,,of ,,the ,,merchant ,,marine #adf ,,xvi4 ,,examinations ,,for ,,licenses2 ,,master ,,and ,,mates #aec ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,watch ,,officer #afg ,,xviii4 ,,the ,,rules ,,of ,,the ,,road--,,international--,,inland #ahd ,,xix4 ,,the ,,limits ,,of ,u4 ,s4 ,,inland ,,waters #bbb ,,xx4 ,,the ,,quartermasters #bbi ,,xxi4 ,,the ,,carpenter #bca ,,xxii4 ,,the ,,boatswain #bcd ,,xxiii4 ,,able ,,seamen #bcf ,,xxiv4 ,u4 ,s4 ,,navigation ,,laws ,,relating ,,to ,,merchant ,,seamen #bda ,,xxv4 ,,discipline ,,at ,,sea #bhf ,,appendix ,a4 ,,customs ,,districts1 ,,ports ,,and ,,sub-,,ports ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states #cje ,,appendix ,b4 ,,the ,,sea ,,library #cai ,,the ,,men ,,on ,,deck ,,chapter ,i ,,the ,,master ,the ,master ,mariner who has the vessel in charge is called the ,,captain1 or the ,,master1 the latter being his official title4 ,it is correct1 however1 to address the master of a vessel as ,,captain1 a courtesy to which the ,master ,mariner is fully entitled through ancient sea usage4 ,among seagoing people1 the ,master ,mariner who is in charge of a vessel is in complete charge at all times2 divided authority in this matter is intolerable to the minds of men accustomed to the sea4 ,the ,master is responsible as follows3-- ,for the safe handling of his vessel in and out of port4 ,for the safe and expeditious navigation of his vessel from port to port4 ,for the good management1 and order1 of the various departments that constitute the internal economy of his vessel--deck--engine--steward's--etc4 ,he is responsible for the safety of the lives of passengers and crew4 ,he is responsible for the safe stowage1 carriage1 and unlading of the cargo4 ,the vessel is his direct responsibility4 ,if the ,pilot is in charge1 this does not relieve the ,master of his full responsibility4 ,the ,master is responsible to the owners4 ,he is also responsible to the insurance underwriters4 ,he is also responsible to the ,government of the ,united ,states1 under which he receives his license as a ,master ,mariner4 ,the ,master ,mariner who is well qualified to bear the great responsibilities of his station2 to have the keeping of many lives in his charge2 to be the sole judge of what is right and proper in times of emergency2 such a man is not made in a year1 nor is he the product of any short-cut system of training4 ,his sea lore must be learned at sea4 ,his duty to ship and cargo must be truly come by through close and thorough contact with the great vessels he is called upon to command4 ,the ,master ,mariner must be a student of the laws governing his business upon the sea1 and of the laws defining his duties and responsibilities to ship1 passengers1 crew1 and cargo4 ,briefly1 he is charged with the following specific duties and responsibilities3 #a4 ,the safe navigation of his vessel4 #b4 ,the general management and care of his vessel4 #c4 ,the proper coaling--provisioning--supplying of water--etc4 #d4 ,that she be fully found--anchors--cables--warps--hawsers-- boats--rafts-- life-saving equipment--fire-fighting equipment1 as required by law-- compasses--chronometers--charts--sailing directions--sextants--and stores of all kinds needed to safely navigate her4 #e4 ,the proper signing of the ship's articles4 #f4 ,the keeping of the ,official ,log4 #g4 ,the carrying of a properly equipped medicine chest4 #h4 ,the carrying of a required slop chest1 and compliance with the laws regulating the sale of slops4 #i4 ,he is liable for the wrong delivery of specie and cargo1 or for loss or damage to the same due to carelessness or mismanagement on the part of the crew4 #aj4 ,he is responsible for any neglect through which the validity of the insurance to ship or cargo is called into question4 #aa4 ,he must enforce the rule that the vessel is never to be left without an officer in charge1 either at sea or in harbor1 day or night4 #ab4 ,he shall see that a licensed engineer officer is on duty when steam is up on a boiler4 #ac4 ,when maneuvering--in and out of port--or at sea1 he should see that the most qualified engineer officers on board are in charge of the working of the engines4 #ad4 ,he must see that no waste or extravagance is practiced with the ship's stores and provisions4 #ae4 ,he must see that the lawful scale of provisions is issued to the crew4 #af4 ,he must see that no prohibited cargo or stores come aboard1 and that his hatches are battened down before going to sea4 ,he is responsible for the correct lading of the vessel4 #ag4 ,he must enter and clear his vessel at the custom house4 ,he must see that the proper papers are produced4 ,ship's register 7with his name entered as master72 ,manifest2 ,bills of ,health2 ,passenger and stores list2 and any other papers that may be required4 #ah4 ,he must be familiar with the laws1 rules1 and regulations in force in the various countries and at the various ports he visits4 #ai4 ,he should find out where to obtain the services of the local medical authorities1 and the police authorities1 when in a strange port4 #bj4 ,he should study the charter under which he is operating--if under charter4 ,is it a time charter or a trip charter8 ,he will be largely responsible for the carrying out of his owner's part of the contract4 ,if abroad he may sign the charter party1 as agent of the owner4 #ba4 ,he is the accredited representative of the owner4 ,he has the authority to act contrary to the wishes of the ship's agents1 when he is satisfied that such action is to the best interests of his owners2 he must be prepared to bear full responsibility for his actions4 #bb4 ,he is responsible to his owners for the safety of his vessel1 whether he is on board or not4 #bc4 ,he cannot delegate his authority1 or name his successor to command1 without the consent of his owners--unless physically unfit for duty1 and then he has the authority to retain command and delegate such duties as he may be unable to perform himself4 #bd4 ,he is always in command of and responsible for the safety of the vessel1 whether he is using the services of a pilot1 or otherwise1 and his station1 while in pilot waters under way1 is on the bridge4 #be4 ,he has the authority to take the vessel from the pilot's control at any time1 when in his opinion her safety demands such action4 ,the use of the pilot indicates that the most careful measures are being taken to prevent accident1 and for the protection of the insurance underwriters4 ,under such conditions1 the taking over of the vessel from the pilot is weighted with the fullest responsibility4 #bf4 ,he is responsible for the correct keeping of the wage account of the crew4 #bg4 ,he is responsible for the safe carriage of mail entrusted to the vessel4 #bh4 ,he is responsible for the acceptance on board of anyone except his crew1 or regularly accredited passengers4 ,he is accountable to the port authorities of the first port visited1 for the presence of the same4 #bi4 ,he must see that the legal requirements safeguarding the carriage of live stock are complied with4 #cj4 ,he shall handle his vessel in conformity with the ,international ,rules of the ,road at ,sea1 or the ,inland ,rules1 depending upon the waters in which he is navigating2 he must know if he is on the high seas1 or within the limits defined as inland waters4 #ca4 ,he is the responsible navigator of his vessel1 and cannot delegate this responsibility4 #cb4 ,he must see that the officers and men respect the laws and regulations of the ports visited1 that no contraband or dutiable articles are brought on board in violation of the same4 #cc4 ,he must take steps to prevent smuggling4 #cd4 ,he must keep a record of all fines1 punishments1 and charges against members of the crew1 and must not permit punishment to be inflicted that is contrary to law1 and only such punishment as is sanctioned by his express order4 ,in the ,official ,log1 where these entries are to be made1 he must specify the nature and extent of the punishment4 #ce4 ,in the ,official ,log ,book he must enter the following3 ,first4 ,every legal conviction of any member of his crew1 and the punishment inflicted4 ,second4 ,every offense committed by any member of his crew for which it is intended to prosecute or to enforce a forfeiture1 together with such statement concerning the reading over such entry1 and concerning the reply1 if any1 made to the charge1 as is required by the provisions of section forty-five hundred and ninety-seven4 ,third4 ,every offense for which punishment is inflicted on board1 and the punishment inflicted4 ,fourth4 ,a statement of the conduct1 character1 and qualifications of each of his crew2 or a statement that he declines to give an opinion of such particulars4 ,fifth4 ,every case of illness or injury happening to any member of the crew1 with the nature thereof1 and the medical treatment4 ,sixth4 ,every case of death happening on board1 with the cause thereof4 ,seventh4 ,every birth happening on board1 with the sex of the infant1 and the names of the parents4 ,eighth4 ,every marriage taking place on board1 with the names and ages of the parties4 ,ninth4 ,the name of every seamen or apprentice who ceases to be a member of the crew otherwise than by death1 with the place1 time1 manner1 and cause thereof4 ,tenth4 ,the wages due to any seaman or apprentice who dies during the voyage1 and the gross amount of all deductions to be made therefrom4 ,eleventh4 ,the sale of the effects of any seaman or apprentice who dies during the voyage1 including a statement of each article sold1 and the sum received for it4 ,twelfth4 ,in every case of collision in which it is practicable so to do1 the master shall1 immediately after the occurrence1 cause a statement thereof1 and of the circumstances under which the same occurred1 to be entered in the official log-book4 ,such entry shall be made in the manner prescribed in section forty-two hundred and ninety-one1 and failure to make such entry shall subject the offender to the penalties prescribed by section forty-two hundred and ninety-two4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbij2 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijj47 ,every entry hereby required to be made in the official log-book shall be signed by the master and by the mate1 or some other one of the crew1 and every entry in the official log-book shall be made as soon as possible after the occurrence to which it relates1 and1 if not made on the same day as the occurrence to which it relates1 shall be made and dated so as to show the date of the occurrence1 and of the entry respecting it2 and in no case shall any entry therein1 in respect of any occurrence happening previously to the arrival of the vessel at her final port1 be made more than twenty-four hours after such arrival4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbia47 ,if in any case the official log-book is not kept in the manner hereby required1 or if any entry hereby directed to be made in any such log-book is not made at the time and in the manner hereby directed1 the master shall1 for each such offense1 be liable to a penalty of not more than twenty-five dollars2 and every person who makes1 or procures to be made1 or assists in making1 any entry in any official log-book in respect of any occurrence happening previously to the arrival of the vessel at her final port of discharge1 more than twenty-four hours after such arrival1 shall1 for each offense1 be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred and fifty dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbib47 #cf4 ,he must see that the ship's log-book is properly kept4 #cg4 ,he must see that the property of deceased persons is disposed of according to law4 #ch4 ,he must not depart from the safest and most usual course in making a passage between the designated ports of his voyage1 unless under instruction from legal authorities1 as in time of war4 #dj4 ,he must not depart from port1 unless authorized to do so by the proper port or other authorities4 #da4 ,he must see that all drills and inspections required by law are carried out and record of same made in the official log-book4 #db4 ,in case of collision he must stand by1 and give the name and hailing port of his vessel1 if required4 #dc4 ,he must make the required reports to the ,u4 ,s4 ,local ,inspectors1 concerning all matters laid down in their rules4 #dd4 ,he must see that his officers stand proper watches and conform to all the requirements of the law4 #de4 ,he must see that the licenses of all licensed officers are exhibited as required by law4 #df4 ,he must see that the requirements of the vessel's ,certificate of ,inspection are rigidly adhered to--passengers--steam pressure--etc4 #dg4 ,he should report promptly to his owners1 and to the ,u4 ,s4 ,local ,inspectors1 all details regarding accidents4 #dh4 ,he must see that orderly conduct is maintained by his passengers as well as his crew--,he must regularly inspect the quarters and accommodations assigned to them--must see to the ventilation--warmth--and cleanliness--of sleeping and dining rooms1 and the cleanliness of kitchens1 pantries1 store rooms1 bath rooms and lavatories4 #di4 ,he should be familiar with the regulations of the customs authorities of the ports to which he is trading4 ,he should know the customs districts1 ports and sub-ports of entry in the ,united ,states4 #ej4 ,he should study the navigation laws of the ,united ,states4 #ea4 ,being ,,master1 he should really be a ,master ,mariner in every sense of the word4 ,he should know his ship1 her cargo1 whatever it may be1 and he should never be satisfied until he is skilled in every branch of the art of navigation and seamanship4 #eb4 ,he has the authority to suspend officers from duty1 for cause1 and in the case of mutinous conduct at sea1 he is justified in putting in irons any member of his crew1 or any officer1 or passenger1 when the safety and discipline of the vessel require such action4 #ec4 ,at sea1 or outside any legal jurisdiction1 he is justified1 as a matter of protecting the lives and property in his care1 to take human life1 when other measures are inadequate to this end4 #ed4 ,he may be called upon to set a leg1 or saw it off--to deliver a woman in childbirth--to perform the marriage ceremony--or to read the burial service at sea4 #ee4 ,in the event of disaster2 he must see to the safety of all hands1 passengers and crew4 #ef4 ,when his vessel founders1 he must be the last man to leave the ship4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,laws ,,affecting ,,the ,,duties ,,of ,,the ,,master ,the principal laws of the ,united ,states affecting the duties and responsibilities of the ,master are appended4 ,much of the bulk of the law1 having to do with the construction of vessels and their fitting1 and regulating the methods of inspection and control are omitted1 and only those parts are given that directly affect the ,master himself4 ,much of the law1 to the mind of a sailor1 could be boiled down and simplified--perhaps some day sailors will go to ,congress and do this--in the mean time the best that can be done is to make an attempt to unscramble the hodge-podge of rules1 regulations1 specifications1 penalties1 and what not1 that fill the bulky red volume issued by the ,bureau of ,navigation1 ,department of ,commerce4 ,master's oath of citizenship4 ,upon making application for registry of a vessel4 ,if the master of a vessel is within the district where a registry thereof is to be made1 when application is made for registering the same1 he shall himself1 instead of the owner1 or of the agent1 or attorney1 as hereinafter mentioned1 make oath touching his being a citizen1 and the means whereby or manner in which he is citizen2 in which case1 if the master shall knowingly swear to anything untrue1 no forfeiture of the vessel1 on account of such false oath1 shall be incurred1 but the master shall be liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #dadd47 ,change of master4 ,when the master or person having the charge or command of a registered vessel is changed1 the owner1 or one of the owners1 or the new master of such vessel1 shall report such change to the collector of the district where the same has happened1 or where the vessel shall first be after the same has happened1 and shall produce to him the certificate of registry of such vessel1 and shall make oath1 showing that such new master is a citizen of the ,united ,states1 and the manner in which or means whereby he is so a citizen4 ,thereupon the collector shall indorse upon the certificate of registry a memorandum of such change1 specifying the name of such new master1 and shall subscribe the memorandum with his name2 and if other than the collector of the district by whom the certificate of registry was granted1 shall transmit a copy of the memorandum to him1 with notice of the particular vessel to which it relates2 and the collector of the district1 by whom the certificate shall have been granted1 shall make a like memorandum of such change in his book of registers1 and shall transmit a copy thereof to the ,commissioner of ,navigation4 ,if the change is not reported1 or if the oath is not taken1 as above directed1 the registry of such vessel shall be void1 and the master or person having the charge or command of her shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #daga--;,july #e1 #ahhd2 sec4 #b47 ,master must produce ship's register when entry is made4 ,the master or other person having the command or charge of any vessel1 recorded in pursuance of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #daca-dcje1 shall1 on entry of such vessel1 produce the certificate of such record to the collector of the district where she is so entered2 and in default thereof the vessel shall not be entitled to the privileges of a recorded vessel4 7,r4 ,s41 #dahd47 ,offenses against the registry law4 ,every collector or officer who knowingly makes1 or is concerned in making1 any false register or record1 or who knowingly grants or is concerned in granting1 any false certificate of registry or record of or for any vessel1 or any other false document whatever touching the same1 contrary to the true intent and meaning of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #daca-dcje1 or who designedly takes any other or greater fees than are by this ,title allowed1 or who receives any voluntary reward or gratuity for any of the services performed1 pursuant thereto2 and every surveyor or other person appointed to measure any vessel1 who willfully delivers to any collector or naval officer a false description of such vessel1 to be registered or recorded1 shall be punishable by a fine of one thousand dollars1 and be rendered incapable of serving in any office of trust or profit under the ,united ,states4 7,r4 ,s41 #dahg47 ,if any person authorized and required by this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #daca-dcje to perform1 as an officer1 any act or thing1 willfully neglects to do or perform the same1 according to the true intent and meaning of this ,title1 he shall1 if not subject to the penalty and disqualification prescribed in the preceding section1 be punishable by a fine of five hundred dollars for the first offense1 and by a like fine for the second offense1 and shall thenceforth be rendered incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the ,united ,states4 7,r4 ,s41 #dahh47 ,whenever any certificate of registry1 enrollment1 or license1 or other record or document granted in lieu thereof1 to any vessel1 is knowingly and fraudulently obtained or used for any vessel not entitled to the benefit thereof1 such vessel1 with her tackle1 apparel1 and furniture1 shall be liable to forfeiture4 7,r4 ,s41 #dahg47 ,no sea-letter or other document certifying or proving any vessel to be the property of a citizen of the ,united ,states shall be issued1 except to vessels duly registered1 or enrolled and licensed as vessels of the ,united ,states1 or to vessels which shall be wholly owned by citizens of the ,united ,states1 and furnished with or entitled to sea-letters or other custom-house documents4 7,r4 ,s41 #daij47 ,every person who knowingly makes1 utters1 or publishes any false sea-letter1 ,mediterranean passport1 or certificate of registry1 or who knowingly avails himself of any such ,mediterranean passport1 sea-letter1 or certificate of registry1 shall be liable to a penalty of not more than five thousand dollars1 and1 if an officer of the ,united ,states1 shall thenceforth be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the authority of the ,united ,states4 7,r4 ,s41 #daia47 ,provisions and water4 ,should any master or owner of any merchant vessel of the ,united ,states neglect to provide a sufficient quantity of stores to last for a voyage of ordinary duration to the port of destination1 and in consequence of such neglect the crew are compelled to accept a reduced scale1 such master or owner shall be liable to a penalty as provided in section forty-five hundred and sixty-eight of the ,revised ,statutes4 7,r4 ,s41 #defd4 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #ab47 ,any three or more of the crew of any merchant-vessel of the ,united ,states bound from a port in the ,united ,states to any foreign port1 or being of the burden of seventy-five tons or upward1 and bound from a port on the ,atlantic to a port on the ,pacific1 or vice versa1 may complain to any officer in command of any of the vessels of the ,united ,states ,navy1 or consular officer of the ,united ,states1 or shipping-commissioner or chief officer of the customs1 that the provisions or water for the use of the crew are1 at any time1 of bad quality1 unfit for use1 or deficient in quantity4 ,such officer shall thereupon examine the provisions or water1 or cause them to be examined2 and if1 on examination1 such provisions or water are found to be of bad quality and unfit for use1 or to be deficient in quantity1 the person making such examination shall certify the same in writing to the master of the ship4 ,if such master does not thereupon provide other proper provisions or water1 where the same can be had1 in lieu of any so certified to be of a bad quality and unfit for use1 or does not procure the requisite quantity of any so certified to be insufficient in quantity1 or uses any provisions or water which have been so certified as aforesaid to be of bad quality and unfit for use1 he shall1 in every such case1 be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred dollars2 and upon every such examination the officers making or directing the same shall enter a statement of the result of the examination in the log-book1 and shall send a report thereof to the district judge for the judicial district embracing the port to which such vessel is bound2 and such report shall be received in evidence in any legal proceedings4 7,r4 ,s41 #defe47 ,if the officer to whom any such complaint in regard to the provisions or the water is made certifies in such statement that there was no reasonable ground for such complaint1 each of the parties so complaining shall forfeit to the master or owner his share of the expense1 if any1 of the survey4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts--,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf4 7,r4 ,s41 #deff4 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #ac47 ,if any seamen1 while on board any vessel1 shall state to the master that they desire to make complaint1 in accordance with the two preceding sections1 in regard to the provisions or the water1 to a competent officer1 against the master1 the master shall1 if the vessel is then at a place where there is any such officer1 so soon as the service of the vessel will permit1 and if the vessel is not then at such a place1 so soon after her first arrival at such place as the service of the vessel will permit1 allow such seamen1 or any of them1 to go ashore1 or shall send them ashore1 in proper custody1 so that they may be enabled to make such complaint2 and shall1 in default1 be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #defg47 ,if1 during a voyage1 the allowance of any of the provisions which any seaman is entitled to under section forty-six hundred and twelve of the ,revised ,statutes is reduced except for any time during which such seamen willfully and without sufficient cause refuses or neglects to perform his duty1 or is lawfully under confinement for misconduct either on board or on shore2 or if it shall be shown that any of such provisions are1 or have been during the voyage1 bad in quality or unfit for use1 the seaman shall receive1 by way of compensation for such reduction or bad quality1 according to the time of its continuance1 the following sums1 to be paid to him in addition to and to be recoverable as wages3 ,first4 ,if his allowance is reduced by any quantity not exceeding one-third of the quantity specified by law1 a sum not exceeding fifty cents a day4 ,second4 ,if his allowance is reduced by more than one-third of such quantity1 a sum not exceeding one dollar a day4 ,third4 ,in respect to bad quality1 a sum not exceeding one dollar a day4 ,but if it is shown to the satisfaction of the court before which the case is tried that any provisions1 the allowance of which has been reduced1 could not be procured or supplied in sufficient quantities1 or were unavoidably injured or lost1 or if by reason of its innate qualities any article becomes unfit for use and that proper and equivalent substitutes were supplied in lieu thereof1 the court shall take such circumstances into consideration and shall modify or refuse compensation1 as the justice of the case may require4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts--,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf4 7,r4 ,s41 #defh4 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #ad47 ,weights and measures4 ,every master shall keep on board proper weights and measures for the purpose of determining the quantities of the several provisions and articles served out1 and shall allow the same to be used at the time of serving out such provisions and articles1 in the presence of a witness1 whenever any dispute arises about such quantities1 and in default shall1 for every offense1 be liable to a penalty of not more than fifty dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #dega47 ,medicines and anti-scorbutics4 ,every vessel belonging to a citizen of the ,united ,states1 bound from a port in the ,united ,states to any foreign port1 or being of the burden of seventy-five tons or upward1 and bound from a port on the ,atlantic to a port on the ,pacific1 or vice versa1 shall be provided with a chest of medicines2 and every sailing-vessel bound on a voyage across the ,atlantic or ,pacific ,ocean1 or around ,cape ,horn1 or the ,cape of ,good ,hope1 or engaged in the whale or other fisheries1 or in sealing1 shall also be provided with1 and cause to be kept1 a sufficient quantity of lime or lemon juice1 and also sugar and vinegar or other anti-scorbutics1 to be served out to every seaman as follows3 ,the master of every such vessel shall serve the lime or lemon juice1 and sugar and vinegar1 to the crew1 within ten days after salt provisions mainly have been served out to the crew1 and so long afterward as such consumption of salt provisions continues2 the lime or lemon juice and sugar daily at the rate of half an ounce each per day2 and the vinegar weekly at the rate of half a pint per week for each member of the crew4 7,r4 ,s41 #defi47 ,if1 on any such vessel1 such medicines1 medical stores1 lime or lemon juice1 or other articles1 sugar1 and vinegar1 as are required by the preceding section1 are not provided and kept on board1 as required1 the master or owner shall be liable to a penalty of not more than five hundred dollars2 and if the master of any such vessel neglects to serve out the lime or lemon juice1 and sugar and vinegar in the case and manner directed1 he shall for each such offense be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred dollars2 and if any master is convicted in either of the offenses mentioned in this section1 and it appears that the offense is owing to the act or default of the owner1 such master may recover the amount of such penalty1 and the costs incurred by him1 from the owner4 7,r4 ,s41 #degj47 ,slop chest4 ,every such vessel ,r4 ,s41 #defi except vessels engaged in the whaling or fishing business shall also be provided with a slop-chest1 which shall contain a complement of clothing for the intended voyage for each seaman employed1 including boots or shoes1 hats1 or caps1 under clothing and outer clothing1 oiled clothing1 and everything necessary for the wear of a seaman2 also a full supply of tobacco and blankets4 ,any of the contents of the slop-chest shall be sold1 from time to time1 to any or every seaman applying therefor1 for his own use1 at a profit not exceeding ten per centum of the reasonable wholesale value of the same at the port at which the voyage commenced4 ,and if any such vessel is not provided1 before sailing1 as herein required1 the owner shall be liable to a penalty of not more than five hundred dollars4 ,the provisions of this section shall not apply to vessels plying between the ,united ,states and the ,dominion of ,canada1 ,newfoundland1 the ,bermuda ,islands1 the ,bahama ,islands1 the ,west ,indies1 ,mexico and ,central ,america4 7,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #aa4 ,june #ai1 #ahhf2 sec4 #ac47 ,warmth and clothing4 ,every vessel bound on any foreign voyage exceeding in length fourteen days shall also be provided with at least one suit of woolen clothing for each seaman1 and every vessel in the foreign or domestic trade shall provide a safe and warm room for the use of seamen in cold weather4 ,failure to make such provision shall subject the owner or master to a penalty of not less than one hundred dollars4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts--,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf4 7,r4 ,s41 #degb2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #ae47 ,log-book4 ,every vessel making voyages from a port in the ,united ,states to any foreign port1 or being of the burden of seventy-five tons1 or upward1 from a port on the ,atlantic to a port on the ,pacific1 or vice versa1 shall have an official log-book2 and every master of such vessel shall make1 or cause to be made therein1 entries of the following matters1 that is to say3 ,first4 ,every legal conviction of any member of his crew1 and the punishment inflicted4 ,second4 ,every offense committed by any member of his crew for which it is intended to prosecute1 or to enforce a forfeiture1 together with such statement concerning the reading over such entry1 and concerning the reply1 if any1 made to the charge1 as is required by the provisions of section forty-five hundred and ninety-seven4 ,third4 ,every offense for which punishment is inflicted on board1 and the punishment inflicted4 ,fourth4 ,a statement of the conduct1 character1 and qualifications of each of his crew2 or a statement that he declines to give an opinion of such particulars4 ,fifth4 ,every case of illness or injury happening to any member of the crew1 with the nature thereof1 and the medical treatment4 ,sixth4 ,every case of death happening on board1 with the cause thereof4 ,seventh4 ,every birth happening on board1 with the sex of the infant1 and the names of the parents4 ,eighth4 ,every marriage taking place on board1 with the names and ages of the parties4 ,ninth4 ,the name of every seaman or apprentice who ceases to be a member of the crew otherwise than by death1 with the place1 time1 manner1 and cause thereof4 ,tenth4 ,the wages due to any seaman or apprentice who dies during the voyage1 and the gross amount of all deductions to be made therefrom4 ,eleventh4 ,the sale of the effects of any seaman or apprentice who dies during the voyage1 including a statement of each article sold1 and the sum received for it4 ,twelfth4 ,in every case of collision in which it is practicable so to do1 the master shall1 immediately after the occurrence1 cause a statement thereof1 and of the circumstances under which the same occurred1 to be entered in the official log-book4 ,such entry shall be made in the manner prescribed in section forty-two hundred and ninety-one1 and failure to make such entry shall subject the offender to the penalties prescribed by section forty-two hundred and ninety-two4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbij2 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijj47 ,every entry hereby required to be made in the official log-book shall be signed by the master and by the mate1 or some other one of the crew1 and every entry in the official log-book shall be made as soon as possible after the occurrence to which it relates1 and1 if not made on the same day as the occurrence to which it relates1 shall be made and dated so as to show the date of the occurrence1 and of the entry respecting it2 and in no case shall any entry therein1 in respect of any occurrence happening previously to the arrival of the vessel at her final port1 be made more than twenty-four hours after such arrival4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbia47 ,if in any case the official log-book is not kept in the manner hereby required1 or if any entry hereby directed to be made in any such log-book is not made at the time and in the manner hereby directed1 the master shall1 for each such offense1 be liable to a penalty of not more than twenty-five dollars2 and every person who makes1 or procures to be made1 or assists in making1 any entry in any official log-book in respect of any occurrence happening previously to the arrival of the vessel at her final port of discharge1 more than twenty-four hours after such arrival1 shall1 for each offense1 be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred and fifty dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbib47 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,entry ,,and ,,clearance ,clearance4 ,the master or person having the charge or command of any vessel bound to a foreign port1 shall deliver to the collector of the district from which such vessel is about to depart1 a manifest of all the cargo on board the same1 and the value thereof1 by him subscribed1 and shall swear to the truth thereof2 whereupon the collector shall grant a clearance for such vessel and her cargo1 but without specifying the particulars thereof in the clearance1 unless required by the master or other person having the charge or command of such vessel so to do4 ,if any vessel bound to a foreign port departs on her voyage to such foreign port without delivering such manifest and obtaining a clearance1 as hereby required1 the master or other person having the charge or command of such vessel shall be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars for every such offense4 7,r4 ,s41 #daig2 ,apr4 #bi1 #aijb47 ,master's oath4 ,the oath to be taken by the master or commander of the vessel shall be as follows3 ,district of ,i1 7insert the name71 master or commander of the 7insert the denomination and name of the vessel71 bound from the port of 7insert the name of the port or place sailing from7 to 7insert the name of the port or place bound to71 do solemnly1 sincerely1 and truly swear 7or affirm1 as the case may be7 that the manifest of the cargo on board the said 7insert denomination and name of the vessel7 now delivered by me to the collector of this district1 and subscribed with my name contains1 according to the best of my knowledge and belief1 a full1 just1 and true account of all the goods1 wares1 and merchandise now actually laden on board the said vessel1 and of the value thereof2 and if any other goods1 wares1 or merchandise shall be laden or put on board the said 7insert denomination and name of vessel7 previous to her sailing from this port1 ,i will immediately report the same to the said collector4 ,i do also swear 7or affirm7 that ,i verily believe the duties on all the foreign merchandise therein specified have been paid or secured1 according to law1 and that no part thereof is intended to be relanded within the ,united ,states1 and that if by distress or other unavoidable accident it shall become necessary to reland the same1 ,i will forthwith make a just and true report thereof to the collector of the customs of the district wherein such distress or accident may happen4 ,so help me ,god4 7,r4 ,s41 #daih2 ,apr4 #bi1 #aijb47 ,form of outward manifest4 ,the form of the report and manifest to be delivered to the collector shall be as follows3 7,r4 ,s41 #daii2 ,apr4 #bi1 #aijb47 ,report and manifest of the cargo laden at the port of 1 on board the 1 master1 bound for port 4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,marks4 ,numbers4 ,packages or ,contents or ,value at the articles quantities4 port of in bulk4 exportation4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,before a clearance shall be granted for any vessel bound to a foreign port1 the owners1 shippers1 or consignors of the cargo of such vessel shall deliver to the collector manifests of the cargo1 or the parts thereof shipped by them respectively1 and shall verify the same by oath4 ,such manifests shall specify the kinds and quantities of the articles shipped respectively1 and the value of the total quantity of each kind of articles2 and the oath to each manifest shall state that it contains a full1 just1 and true account of all articles laden on board of such vessel by the owners1 shippers1 or consignors respectively1 and that the values of such articles are truly stated1 according to their actual cost1 or the values which they truly bear at the port and time of exportation4 ,and before a clearance shall be granted for any such vessel1 the master of that vessel1 and the owners1 shippers1 and consignors of the cargo1 shall state1 upon oath1 to the collector1 the foreign port or country in which such cargo is truly intended to be landed4 ,the oaths shall be taken and subscribed in writing4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbjj2 ,apr4 #bi1 #aijb47 ,form of clearance4 ,the form of a clearance1 to be granted to a ship or vessel on her departure to a foreign port or place1 shall be as follows3 ,district of 1 ,port of 4 ,these are to certify all whom it doth concern1 that 1 master or commander of the 1 burden tons1 or thereabouts1 mounted with guns1 navigated with men1 built1 and bound for 1 having on board 1 hath here entered and cleared his said vessel according to law4 ,given under our hands and seals1 at the custom-house of 1 this day of 1 one thousand 1 and in the year of the ,independence of the ,united ,states of ,america4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbja2 ,apr4 #bi1 #aijb47 ,state inspection laws4 ,the collectors and other officers of the customs shall pay due regard to the inspection laws of the ,states in which they may respectively act1 in such manner that no vessel having on board goods liable to inspection shall be cleared until the master1 or other proper person1 shall have produced such certificate that all such goods have been duly inspected1 as the laws of the respective ,states may require to be produced to collectors or other officers of the customs4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbjb2 ,apr4 #bi1 #aijb47 ,manifests in ,alaskan and insular trades4 ,the provisions of sections four thousand one hundred and ninety-seven to four thousand two hundred1 inclusive1 of the ,revised ,statutes of the ,united ,states1 requiring statements of quantity and value of goods carried by vessels clearing from the ,united ,states to foreign ports1 shall be extended to and govern1 under such regulations as the ,secretary of ,commerce shall prescribe1 in the trade between the ,united ,states and ,hawaii1 ,porto ,rico1 ,alaska1 the ,philippine ,islands1 ,guam1 and its other noncontiguous territory1 and shall also govern in the trade conducted between said islands and territory1 and in shipments from said islands or territory to other parts of the ,united ,states3 ,provided1 ,that this law shall not apply in the ,philippine ,islands during such time as the collectors of customs of those islands are under the jurisdiction of the ,war ,department4 7,apr4 #bi1 #aijb2 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijc2 secs4 #g1 #aj47 ,bullion and coin4 ,all vessels belonging to citizens of the ,united ,states1 and bound from any port in the ,united ,states to any other port therein1 or to any foreign port1 or from any foreign port to any port in the ,united ,states1 shall1 before clearance1 receive on board all such bullion1 coin1 ,united ,states notes and bonds and other securities1 as the ,government of the ,united ,states or any department thereof1 or any minister1 consul1 vice-consul1 or commercial or other agent of the ,united ,states abroad1 shall offer1 and shall securely convey and promptly deliver the same to the proper authorities or consignees1 on arriving at the port of destination2 and shall receive for such service such reasonable compensation as may be allowed to other carriers in the ordinary transactions of business4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbjd47 ,fees4 ,previous to a clearance being granted to any vessel1 outward bound1 the legal fees which shall have accrued on such vessel shall be paid at the offices where such fees are respectively payable2 and receipts for the same shall be produced to the collector or other officer whose duty it may be to grant clearances1 before a clearance is granted4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbjf2 ,june #ai1 #ahhf47 ,whenever any clearance is granted to any vessel of the ,united ,states1 duly registered as such1 and bound on any foreign voyage1 the collector of the district shall annex thereto1 in every case1 a copy of the rates or tariffs of fees which diplomatic and consular officers are entitled1 by the regulations prescribed by the ,president1 to receive for their service4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbjg47 ,deposit of papers4 ,the register1 or other document in lieu thereof1 together with the clearance and other papers granted by the officers of the customs to a vessel at her departure from the port from whence she may have arrived1 ,mediterranean passports excepted1 shall previous to entry be produced to the collector with whom such entry is to be made1 and shall remain in his office2 and on the clearance of such vessel the register and other documents shall be returned to the master or owner of such vessel4 7,r4 ,s41 #bgij47 ,the register1 or other document in lieu thereof1 together with the clearance and other papers granted by the officers of the customs to any foreign vessel1 at her departure from the port from which she may have arrived1 shall1 previous to entry in any port of the ,united ,states1 be produced to the collector with whom such entry is to be made4 ,it shall be the duty of the master1 within forty-eight hours after such entry1 to deposit the papers with the consul or vice-consul of the nation to which the vessel belongs1 and to deliver to the collector the certificate of such consul or vice-consul that the papers have been so deposited4 ,every master who fails to comply with this regulation shall be punishable by a fine of not less than five hundred dollars1 nor more than two thousand dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbji47 ,it shall be the duty of all masters of vessels for whom any official services shall be performed by any consular officer1 without the payment of a fee1 to require a written statement of such services from such consular officer1 and1 after certifying as to whether such statement is correct1 to furnish it to the collector of the district in which such vessels shall first arrive on their return to the ,united ,states2 and if any such master of a vessel shall fail to furnish such statement1 he shall be liable to a fine of not exceeding fifty dollars1 unless such master shall state under oath that no such statement was furnished him by said consular officer4 ,and it shall be the duty of every collector to forward to the ,secretary of the ,treasury all such statements as shall have been furnished to him1 and also a statement of all certified invoices which shall have come to his office1 giving the dates of the certificates1 and the names of the persons for whom and of the consular officer by whom the same were certified4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbac2 ,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #ac47 ,war documents2 passports2 sea letters4 ,every vessel of the ,united ,states1 going to any foreign country1 shall1 before she departs from the ,united ,states1 at the request of the master1 be furnished by the collector for the district where such vessel may be1 with a passport1 the form for which shall be prescribed by the ,secretary of ,state4 ,in order to be entitled to such passport1 the master of every such vessel shall be bound1 with sufficient sureties1 to the ,treasurer of the ,united ,states1 in the penalty of two thousand dollars1 conditioned that the passport shall not be applied to the use or protection of any other vessel than the one described in it2 and that1 in case of the loss or sale of any vessel having such passport1 the same shall1 within three months1 be delivered up to the collector from whom it was received1 if the loss or sale take place within the ,united ,states2 or within six months1 if the same shall happen at any place nearer than the ,cape of ,good ,hope2 and within eighteen months1 if at a more distant place4 7,r4 ,s41 #dcjf47 ,if any vessel of the ,united ,states shall depart therefrom1 and shall be bound to any foreign country1 other than to some port in ,america1 without such passport1 the master of such vessel shall be liable to a penalty of two hundred dollars for every such offense4 7,r4 ,s41 #dcjg47 ,every unregistered vessel owned by a citizen of the ,united ,states1 and sailing with a sea-letter1 going to any foreign country1 shall1 before she departs from the ,united ,states1 at the request of the master1 be furnished by the collector of the district where such vessel may be with a passport1 for which the master shall be subject to the rules and conditions prescribed for vessels of the ,united ,states4 7,r4 ,s41 #dcjh47 ,every master of a vessel1 belonging to citizens of the ,united ,states1 who shall sail from any port of the ,united ,states1 shall1 on his arrival at a foreign port1 deposit his register1 sea-letter1 and ,mediterranean passport with the consul1 vice-consul1 commercial agent1 or vice-commercial agent1 if any there be at such port2 and it shall be the duty of such consul1 vice-consul1 commercial agent1 or vice-commercial agent1 on such master or commander producing to him a clearance from the proper officer of the port where his vessel may be1 to deliver to the master all of his papers1 if such master or commander has complied with the provisions of law relating to the discharge of seamen in a foreign country1 and to the payment of the fees of consular officers4 7,r4 ,s41 #dcji47 ,every master of any such vessel who refuses or neglects to deposit the papers as required by the preceding section1 shall be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars1 to be recovered by such consul1 vice consul1 commercial agent1 or vice-commercial agent1 in his own name1 for the benefit of the ,united ,states1 in any court of competent jurisdiction4 7,r4 ,s41 #dcaj47 ,illegal boarding of vessel4 ,every person who1 not being in the ,united ,states service1 and not being duly authorized by law for the purpose1 goes on board any vessel about to arrive at the place of her destination1 before her actual arrival1 and before she has been completely moored1 without permission of the master1 shall1 for every such offense1 be punishable by a fine of not more than two hundred dollars1 and by imprisonment for not more than six months2 and the master of such vessel may take any such person so going on board into custody1 and deliver him up forthwith to any constable or police officer1 to be by him taken before any justice of the peace1 to be dealt with according to the provisions of this ,title 7,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac74 7,r4 ,s41 #dfjf47 ,the ,secretary of ,commerce is hereby authorized and directed to prescribe from time to time and enforce regulations governing the boarding of vessels arriving at the seaports of the ,united ,states1 before such vessels have been properly inspected and placed in security1 and for that purpose to employ any of the officers of that or ,treasury ,department4 7,mar4 #ca1 #aijj2 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijc2 sec4 #aj47 ,each person violating such regulations shall be subject to a penalty of not more than one hundred dollars or imprisonment not to exceed six months1 or both1 in the discretion of the court4 7,mar4 #ca1 #aijj2 sec4 #b47 ,this ,act shall be construed as supplementary to section nine of chapter three hundred and seventy-four of the ,statutes of eighteen hundred and eighty two1 and section forty-six hundred and six of the ,revised ,statutes4 7,sec4 #c47 ,boarding and search of vessel4 ,it shall be lawful for any officer of the customs1 including inspectors and occasional inspectors1 or of a revenue-cutter1 or authorized agent of the ,treasury ,department1 or other person specially appointed for the purpose in writing by a collector1 naval officer1 or surveyor1 to go on board of any vessel1 as well without as within his district1 and to inspect1 search1 and examine the same1 and any person1 trunk1 or envelope on board1 and to this end to hail and stop such vessel if under way1 and to use all necessary force to compel compliance2 and if it shall appear that any breach or violation of the laws of the ,united ,states has been committed1 whereby or in consequence of which such vessel1 or the merchandise1 or any part thereof1 on board of or imported by such vessel1 is liable to forfeiture1 to make seizure of the same1 or either or any part thereof1 and to arrest1 or in case of escape1 or any attempt to escape1 to pursue and arrest any person engaged in such breach or violation4 7,r4 ,s41 #cjei47 ,the original appointment in writing of any person specially appointed under the provisions of the previous section shall be filed in the custom-house where such appointment is made4 7,r4 ,s41 #cjfj47 ,it shall be lawful for all collectors1 naval officers1 surveyors1 inspectors1 and the officers of the revenue-cutters1 to go on board of vessels in any port of the ,united ,states1 or within four leagues of the coast thereof1 if bound to the ,united ,states1 whether in or out of their respective districts1 for the purpose of demanding the manifests1 and of examining and searching the vessels2 and those officers respectively shall have free access to the cabin and every part of a vessel4 7,r4 ,s41 #cjfg47 ,if any master of a vessel coming into or having arrived at any port within the ,united ,states1 shall obstruct or hinder or shall intentionally cause any obstructions or hindrance to any officer in lawfully going on board such vessel for the purpose of carrying into effect any of the revenue laws of the ,united ,states1 he shall for every such offense be liable to a penalty of not more than five hundred dollars nor less than fifty dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #cjfh47 ,if any box1 trunk1 chest1 cask1 or other package shall be found in the cabin1 steerage1 or forecastle of a vessel1 or in any other place separate from the residue of the cargo1 the officer of the customs shall take a particular account of such package1 and of the marks and numbers thereof1 if any1 and a description thereof1 and1 if he judges proper1 shall seal every such package2 and such account and description shall be by him forwarded without delay to the collector of the district to which such vessel is bound4 ,if upon her arrival at the port of her entry1 the packages so described1 or any of them1 are missing1 or if any seal put thereon has been broken1 the master shall be liable to a penalty for every package missing1 or on which any seal shall be broken1 of two hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #cjfi47 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,entry ,,of ,,merchandise ,inward manifests4 ,no merchandise shall be brought into the ,united ,states1 from any foreign port1 in any vessel unless the master has on board manifests in writing of the cargo1 signed by such master4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhjf47 ,every manifest required by the preceding section shall contain3 ,first4 ,the name of the ports where the merchandise in such manifest mentioned were taken on board1 and the ports within the ,united ,states for which the same are destined2 particularly noting the merchandise destined for each port respectively4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhjg47 ,provided1 however1 ,that the master of a vessel laden exclusively either with sugar1 coal1 salt1 hides1 dyewoods1 wool1 or jute butts1 consigned to one consignee1 arriving at a port for orders1 may be permitted to destine such cargo or determine its disposition for orders1 upon entering the vessel at the custom-house1 and1 within fifteen days afterward and before the unloading of any part of the cargo1 to amend the manifest by designating the actual port of discharge of such cargo3 ,provided further1 ,that in the event of failure to designate the port of discharge within fifteen days such cargo must be discharged at the port where the vessel entered4 7,june #c1 #ahib47 ,second4 ,the name1 description1 and build of the vessel2 the true admeasurement or tonnage thereof2 the port to which such vessel belongs2 the name of each owner1 according to the register of the same2 and the name of the master of such vessel4 ,third4 ,a just and particular account of all the merchandise1 so laden on board1 whether in packages or stowed loose1 of any kind or nature whatever1 together with the marks and numbers as marked on each package1 and the number or quantity and description of the packages in words at length1 whether leaguer1 pipe1 butt1 puncheon1 hogshead1 barrel1 keg1 case1 bale1 pack1 truss1 chest1 box1 band-box1 bundle1 parcel1 cask1 or package1 of any kind or sort1 describing the same by its usual name or denomination4 ,fourth4 ,the names of the persons to whom such packages are respectively consigned1 agreeably to the bills of lading signed for the same1 unless when the goods are consigned to order1 when it shall be so expressed in the manifest4 ,fifth4 ,the names of the several passengers on board the vessel1 distinguishing whether cabin or steerage passengers1 or both1 with their baggage1 specifying the number and description of packages belonging to each respectively4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhjg47 ,sixth4 ,an account of the sea-stores remaining1 if any4 ,if merchandise shall be imported1 destined to be delivered in different districts or ports1 the quantities and packages so destined to be delivered shall be inserted in successive order in the manifest2 and all spirits and wines constituting the whole or any part of the cargo of any vessel shall also be inserted in successive order1 distinguishing the ports to which the same may be destined1 and the kinds1 qualities1 and quantities thereof4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhjh47 ,if any merchandise is brought into the ,united ,states in any vessel whatever from any foreign port without having such a manifest on board1 or which shall not be included or described in the manifest1 or shall not agree therewith1 the master shall be liable to a penalty equal to the value of such merchandise not included in such manifest2 and all such merchandise not included in the manifest belonging or consigned to the master1 mate1 officers1 or crew of such vessel1 shall be forfeited4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhji47 ,whenever it is made to appear to the satisfaction of the collector1 naval officer1 and surveyor1 or to the major part of them1 where those officers are established at any port1 or to the satisfaction of the collector alone1 where either of the other of the officers is not established1 or to the satisfaction of the court in which a trial shall be had concerning such forfeiture1 that no part of the cargo of any vessel without proper manifest was unshipped1 after it was taken on board1 except such as shall have been particularly specified and accounted for in the report of the master1 and that the manifests have been lost or mislaid1 without fraud or collusion1 or were defaced by accident1 or became incorrect by mistake1 no forfeiture or penalty shall be incurred under the preceding section4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhaj47 ,ports of entry4 ,it shall not be lawful to make entry of any vessel which shall arrive within the ,united ,states1 from any foreign port1 or of the cargo on board such vessel1 elsewhere than at one of the ports of entry designated in chapter one ,r4 ,s41 #beag-bfab of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #beag-cabi2 nor to unlade the cargo1 or any part thereof1 elsewhere than at one of the ports of delivery therein designated1 except that every port of entry shall be also a port of delivery4 ,this section shall not prevent the master or commander of any vessel from making entry with the collector of any district in which such vessel may be owned1 or from which she may have sailed on the voyage from which she shall then have returned4 7,r4 ,s41 #bggj47 ,vessels bound to port of delivery4 ,the master of every vessel bound to a port of delivery only1 in any district1 shall first come to at the port of entry of such district1 with his vessel1 and there make report and entry in writing1 and pay all duties required by law1 port fees and charges1 before such vessel shall proceed to her port of delivery4 ,any master of a vessel who shall proceed to a port of delivery contrary to such directions shall be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars1 to be recovered with costs of suit4 7,r4 ,s41 #bggb47 ,report and declaration of master4 ,within twenty-four hours after the arrival of any vessel1 from any foreign port1 at any port of the ,united ,states established by law1 at which an officer of the customs resides1 or within any harbor1 inlet1 or creek thereof1 in the hours of business at the office of the chief officer of the customs at such port will permit1 or as soon thereafter as such hours will permit1 the master shall repair to such office1 and make report to the chief officer1 of the arrival of the vessel2 and he shall1 within forty-eight hours after such arrival1 make a further report in writing to the collector of the district1 which report shall be in the form1 and shall contain all the particulars required to be inserted in1 and verified like1 a manifest4 ,every master who shall neglect or omit to make either of such reports and declarations1 or to verify any such declaration as required1 or shall not fully comply with the true intent and meaning of this section1 shall1 for each offense1 be liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #bggd47 ,the master of any vessel having on board distilled spirits1 or wines1 shall1 within forty-eight hours after his arrival1 whether the same be at the first port of arrival of such vessel or not1 in addition to the requirements of the preceding section1 report in writing to the surveyor or officer acting as inspector of the revenue of the port at which he has arrived1 the foreign port from which he last sailed1 the name of his vessel1 his own name1 the tonnage and denomination of such vessel1 and to what nation belonging1 together with the quantity and kinds of spirits and wines1 on board of the vessel1 particularizing the number of casks1 vessels1 cases1 or other packages containing the same1 with their marks and numbers1 as also the quantity and kinds of spirits and wines1 on board such vessel as sea-stores1 and in default thereof he shall be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars and any spirits omitted to be reported shall be forfeited4 7,r4 ,s41 #bgge47 ,if any vessel1 having arrived within the limits of any collection- district1 from any foreign port1 departs1 or attempts to depart from the same1 unless to proceed on her way to some more interior district to which she may be bound1 before report or entry shall have been made by the master with the collector of some district1 the master shall be liable to a penalty of four hundred dollars2 and any collector1 naval officer1 surveyor1 or commander of any revenue cutter may cause such vessel to be arrested and brought back to the most convenient port of the ,united ,states4 ,if1 however1 it is made to appear by the oath of the master1 and of the person next in command1 or by other sufficient proof to the satisfaction of the collector of the district within which such vessel shall afterward come1 or to the satisfaction of the court in which the prosecution for such penalty may be had1 that the departure or attempt to depart was occasioned by stress of weather1 pursuit or duress of enemies1 or other necessity1 the penalty imposed by this section shall not be incurred4 7,r4 ,s41 #bggc47 ,special inward manifest for ,treasury ,department4 ,each master of a vessel arriving in the ,united ,states from a foreign port except vessels carrying traffic in bond on transfer ferries shall1 immediately upon landing and before entering his vessel at the custom-house1 mail to the ,auditor for the ,treasury ,department1 ,washington1 a true copy of the manifest of his vessel1 and shall on entering his vessel make affidavit that he has mailed such copy and that the same is true and correct2 and he shall also mail to the said ,auditor a true copy of the corrected manifest filed on any post entry of his vessel4 ,any master who neglects or refuses to mail to the ,auditor the required copy of the original or corrected manifest shall be subject to the same fines and penalties fixed by law for his failure to deliver the manifest of his vessel to the collector3 ,provided1 ,that this section shall not apply to ports where there is a naval officer4 7,mar4 #b1 #ahie2 sec4 #i47 ,cargo in bulk4 ,vessels arriving at a port of entry in the ,united ,states1 laden with coal1 salt1 railroad iron and other like articles in bulk may proceed to places within that collection district to be specially designated by the ,secretary of the ,treasury by general regulations or otherwise1 under the superintendence of customs officers1 at the expense of the parties interested1 for the purpose of unlading cargoes of the character before mentioned4 7,r4 ,s41 #bggf2 ,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #bi47 ,bond of cargo for re-export4 ,any vessel may proceed with any merchandise brought in her1 and1 in the manifest delivered to the collector of the customs1 reported as destined for any foreign port1 from the district within which such vessel shall first arrive to such foreign port without paying or securing the payment of any duties upon such merchandise as shall be actually re-exported in the vessel4 ,but the manifest so declaring to re-export such merchandise shall be delivered to such collector within forty-eight hours after the arrival of the vessel4 ,and the master of such vessel shall give bond as required by the next section4 7,r4 ,s41 #bggf47 ,the master of any vessel so destined for a foreign port shall give bond1 with one or more sureties1 in a sum equal to the amount of the duties upon the merchandise1 as the same shall be estimated by the collector and naval officer of the port where the report shall be made1 to the satisfaction of the collector1 with condition that the merchandise1 or any part thereof1 shall not be landed within the ,united ,states1 unless due entry thereof shall have been first made and the duties thereupon paid1 according to law4 ,such bond shall be taken for the same period1 and canceled in like manner1 as a bond given for obtaining drawback of duties4 ,no such bond shall be required in respect to merchandise on board of any vessel which has put into the ,united ,states from a necessity1 shown as prescribed in section twenty-seven hundred and seventy-three4 7,r4 ,s41 #bggg47 ,the collector receiving any bond conditioned for the payment of duties upon merchandise reported as destined for a foreign port1 in case the same shall be landed within the ,united ,states1 or any other bonds taken upon the exportation of merchandise entitled to drawback1 shall immediately after the time when by the conditions of the same they ought to be canceled1 put the same in suit1 provided the proof of the occurrence of such a necessity as excuses a landing of such goods within the ,united ,states has not been produced1 or further time granted therefor by the ,secretary of the ,treasury4 7,r4 ,s41 #bggh47 ,inspection of merchandise laden for export4 ,the collector shall direct the surveyor1 where any1 to inspect1 or cause to be inspected1 the merchandise notified for exportation1 and if it is found to correspond fully with the notice and proof concerning the same1 the collector1 together with the naval officer1 if any1 shall grant a permit for lading the same on board of the vessel named in such notice and entry4 ,such lading shall be performed under the superintendence of the officer by whom the same has been so inspected2 and the exporter shall make oath that the merchandise1 so noticed for exportation1 and laden on board such vessel1 previous to the clearance thereof1 or within ten days after such clearance1 is truly intended to be exported to the place whereof notice has been given1 and is not intended to be relanded within the ,united ,states2 otherwise the merchandise shall not be entitled to the benefit of drawback4 7,r4 ,s41 #cjce47 ,transfer of imported merchandise for export4 ,all merchandise imported into the ,united ,states1 the duties on which have been paid1 or secured to be paid1 may be transported by land1 or partly by land and partly by water1 or coastwise1 from the district into which it was imported to any port of entry and exported from such port of entry with the benefit of drawback4 7,r4 ,s41 #cjcf47 ,delivery of cargo in various districts4 ,any vessel in which any merchandise is brought into the ,united ,states from any foreign port1 and which is specified in the manifest verified before the collector of the port in which such vessel first arrives1 to be destined for other districts1 may proceed with the same from district to district within the ,united ,states1 in order to the landing or delivery thereof2 and the duties on such of the merchandise only as shall be landed in any district shall be paid within such district4 7,r4 ,s41 #bggi47 ,before any vessel departs from the district in which she shall first arrive for another district1 provided such departure is not within forty-eight hours after her arrival within such district1 with merchandise brought in such vessel from a foreign port on which the duties have not been paid1 the master shall obtain from the collector of the district from which she is about to depart1 who is hereby required to grant the same1 a copy of the report and manifest made by such master1 certified by the collector1 to which copy shall be annexed a certificate of the quantity and particulars of the merchandise which appears to him to have been landed within his district1 or of the quantity and particulars of the merchandise which remains on board and upon which the duties are to be paid in some other district4 7,r4 ,s41 #bghj47 ,within twenty-four hours after the arrival of such vessel within any other district1 the master shall make report or entry to or with the collector of such other district1 producing and showing the certified copy of his first report1 together with a certificate from each collector of any other district within which any of the merchandise1 brought in such vessel1 has been landed1 of the quantity and particulars of such merchandise as has been landed in each district respectively4 7,r4 ,s41 #bgha47 ,the master shall1 however1 first give bond1 with one or more sureties1 to the satisfaction of the collector of the district within which the vessel first arrives1 in a sum equal to the amount of the duties on the residue of the merchandise1 according to such estimate as the collector shall form thereof1 with condition that the residue of such merchandise shall be duly entered and delivered in another district for which the same has been reported to be destined4 7,r4 ,s41 #bghb47 ,the bond shall be canceled or discharged within six calendar months from the date thereof1 by the production of certificates from the collectors of the districts for which the merchandise has been reported1 showing the due entry and delivery of the merchandise in such districts1 or upon due proof to the satisfaction of the collector by whom the bond was taken1 and to the naval officer of the port1 if any1 that such entry and delivery were prevented by some unavoidable accident or casualty1 and if the whole or any part of the merchandise has not been lost1 that it has been duly entered and delivered within the ,united ,states4 7,r4 ,s41 #bghc47 ,if the master of any such vessel fails by his neglect or fault to obtain the copy of his report from the collector of the district from which he is about to depart1 or any certificate which he ought to obtain1 or neglects to exhibit the same to the collector of any other district to which the vessel afterward proceeds1 within the time for that purpose allowed1 he shall be liable to a penalty1 for every such neglect or omission1 of five hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #bghd47 ,vessels exempt from entry4 ,it shall not be necessary for the master of any vessel of war1 or of any vessel employed by any prince1 or state1 as a public packet for the conveyance of letters and dispatches1 and not permitted by the laws of such prince or state to be employed in the transportation of merchandise1 in the way of trade1 to make report and entry4 7,r4 ,s41 #bgia47 ,any passenger vessel engaged triweekly or oftener in trade between ports of the ,united ,states and foreign ports shall be exempt from entrance and clearance fees and tonnage taxes while such service triweekly or oftener is maintained4 7,may #bh1 #aijh47 ,sea-stores4 ,in order to ascertain what articles ought to be exempt from duty as the sea-stores of a vessel1 the master shall particularly specify the articles1 in the report or manifest to be by him made1 designating them as the sea-stores of such vessel2 and in the oath to be taken by such master1 on making such report1 he shall declare that the articles so specified as sea-stores are truly such1 and are not intended by way of merchandise or for sale2 whereupon the articles shall be free from duty4 7,r4 ,s41 #bgie47 ,whenever it appears to the collector to whom a report and manifest of sea-stores are delivered1 together with the naval officer1 where there is one1 or alone1 where there is no naval officer1 that the quantities of the articles1 or any part thereof1 reported as sea-stores1 are excessive1 the collector1 jointly with the naval officer1 or alone1 as the case may be1 may in his discretion estimate the amount of the duty on such excess2 which shall be forthwith paid by the master1 to the collector1 on pain of forfeiting the value of such excess4 7,r4 ,s41 #bgif47 ,if any other or greater quantity of articles are found on board such vessel as sea-stores than are specified in an entry of sea-stores1 or if any of the articles are landed without a permit first obtained from the collector1 and naval officer if any1 for that purpose1 all such articles as are not included in the report or manifest by the master1 and all which are landed without a permit1 shall be forfeited1 and may be seized2 and the master shall moreover be liable to a penalty of treble the value of the articles omitted or landed4 7,r4 ,s41 #bgig47 ,sea-stores and the legitimate equipment of vessels belonging to regular lines plying between foreign ports and the ,united ,states delayed in port for any cause may be transferred in such port of the ,united ,states under the supervision of the customs officers from one vessel to another vessel of the same owner without payment of duties1 but duties must be paid on such stores or equipments landed for consumption1 except ,american products4 7,mar4 #c1 #ahig2 sec4 #ag47 ,coal4 ,the master of any vessel propelled by steam1 arriving at any port in the ,united ,states1 may retain all the coal such vessel may have on board at the time of her arrival1 and may proceed with such coal to a foreign port1 without being required to land the same in the ,united ,states1 or to pay any duty thereon4 7,r4 ,s41 #bgih47 ,inspection of inward manifests by boarding officer4 ,every master of any vessel laden with merchandise1 and bound to any port in the ,united ,states shall1 on his arrival within four leagues of the coast thereof1 or within any of the bays1 harbors1 ports1 rivers1 creeks1 or inlets1 thereof1 upon demand1 produce the manifests in writing1 which such master is required to have on board his vessel1 to such officer of the customs as first comes on board his vessel1 for inspection1 and shall deliver to such officer true copies thereof1 which copies shall be provided and subscribed by the master1 and the officer to whom the original manifests have been produced shall certify upon the back thereof that the same were produced1 and the day and year on which the same were so produced1 and that such copies were to him delivered and by him examined with the original manifest2 and shall likewise certify upon the back of such copies the day and year on which the same were delivered1 and shall forthwith transmit such copies to the respective collectors of the several districts1 to which the goods by such manifests appear respectively to be consigned4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhaa47 ,the master of any such vessel shall in like manner produce to the officer of the customs who first comes on board such vessel1 upon her arrival within the limits of any collection-district in which the cargo1 or any part thereof1 is intended to be discharged or landed1 for his inspection1 such manifest2 and shall also deliver to him true copies thereof1 such copies also to be provided and subscribed by the master1 the production of which manifests and the delivery of which copies shall also be certified by the officer of the customs1 upon the back of the original manifests1 with the particular day and year when such manifests were produced to such officer1 and when he so received the copies thereof2 and such officer is required forthwith to transmit the copies of the manifest to the collector of the district2 and the master shall afterward deliver the original manifests so certified to the collector4 ,when any manifest shall be produced1 upon which there shall be no certificate from any officer of the customs as before mentioned1 the master producing the same shall be required to make oath that no officer has applied for1 and that no indorsement has taken place on1 any manifest of the cargo of such vessel4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhab47 ,the master of any such vessel shall not be required to make delivery of more than one copy of each manifest to the officer who shall first come on board of such vessel1 within four leagues of the coast of the ,united ,states1 and one other copy to such officer as shall first come on board within the limits of any collection-district1 for which the cargo of such vessel1 or some part thereof1 is destined1 nor to make delivery of any such copy to any other officer2 but it shall be sufficient1 in respect to any such other officer1 to exhibit1 to him the original manifest and the certificates thereupon4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhac47 ,if the master of any vessel laden with merchandise1 and bound to any port in the ,united ,states1 fails upon his arrival within four leagues of the coast thereof1 or within the limits of any collection-district1 where the cargo of such vessel1 or any part thereof1 is intended to be discharged1 to produce such manifests1 as are heretofore required1 in writing1 to the proper officer upon demand therefor1 or to deliver such copies thereof1 according to the directions of the preceding1 sections or if he fails to give an account of the true destination of the vessel1 which he is hereby required to do1 upon request of such officer1 or gives a false account of such destination1 in order to evade the production of the manifests1 the master shall for every such neglect1 refusal1 or offense1 be liable to a penalty of not more than five hundred dollars4 ,if any officer first coming on board1 in each case1 shall neglect or refuse to certify on the back of such manifests the production thereof1 and the delivery of such copies respectively as are directed to be delivered to such officer1 such officer shall be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhad47 ,the officers who may apply to the master of any such vessel1 respecting any of the provisions in the preceding sections1 and who shall not receive full satisfaction therein1 are hereby required to make a return in writing of the name of the vessel and master so offending1 in any or all of the particulars required1 as soon as possible1 to the collector of the district to which such vessel shall be considered to be bound4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhae47 ,collectors and surveyors1 respectively1 may1 whenever they judge it to be necessary for the security of the revenue1 put an inspector of the customs on board any vessel1 to accompany the same until her arrival at the first port of entry or delivery1 in the district to which such vessel may be destined4 ,if the master of any vessel shall neglect or omit to deposit a manifest as herein prescribed1 or shall refuse to receive an inspector of the customs on board1 as the case requires1 he shall forfeit and pay five hundred dollars1 to be recovered with cost of suit1 one-half for the use of the officer with whom such manifest ought to have been deposited1 and the other half to the use of the collector of the district to which such vessel may be bound4 ,if1 however1 the manifest shall1 in either of the above cases1 have been previously delivered to any officer of the customs1 pursuant to the provisions hereinafter made in that behalf1 the depositing of a manifest shall not be necessary4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhcd2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahig2 sec4 #ae47 ,entry of merchandise for different port of destination4 ,the importer1 or his agent1 may enter merchandise at the port of entry for the collection-district into which it is to be imported in the usual manner2 and the collector shall grant a permit for the landing thereof1 and cause the duties to be ascertained as in other cases1 the goods remaining in the custody of the collector until reshipped for the place of destination4 ,the collector shall certify to the surveyor at such place the amount of such duties1 which the surveyor shall enter on the margin of the bond given to secure the same2 and the merchandise shall be delivered by the collector to the agent of the importer or consignee1 duly authorized to receive the same1 for shipment to the place of destination4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhbf47 ,the master or conductor of every vessel or vehicle in which such merchandise shall be transported1 shall1 previously to departure from the port of entry1 deliver to the collector duplicate manifests of such merchandise1 specifying the marks and numbers of every case1 bag1 box1 chest1 or package1 containing the same1 with the name and place of residence of every importer or consignee of such merchandise1 and the quantity shipped to each1 to be by him subscribed1 and to the truth of which he shall swear1 and that the merchandise has been received on board his vessel or vehicle1 stating the name of the agent who shipped the same2 and the collector shall certify the facts1 on the manifests1 one of which he shall return to the master1 with a permit thereto annexed1 authorizing him to proceed to the place of his destination4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhbg47 ,if any vessel or vehicle having such merchandise on board shall depart from the port of entry without having complied with the provisions of the preceding section1 the master or conductor thereof shall be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhbh47 ,comparison of cargo and manifest4 ,the surveyor at the port of delivery shall cause the casks1 bags1 boxes1 chests1 or packages1 to be inspected1 and compared with the manifests1 and the same being identified he shall grant a permit for unloading the same1 or such part thereof as the master or conductor shall request2 and when a part only of such merchandise is intended to be landed the surveyor shall make an indorsement on the back of the manifests1 designating such part1 specifying the articles to be landed1 and shall return the manifests to the master or conductor1 indorsing thereon his permission to such vessel or vehicle to proceed to the place of its destination4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhcj47 ,illegal unlading4 ,if after the arrival of any vessel laden with merchandise and bound to the ,united ,states1 within the limits of any collection-district1 or within four leagues of the coast1 any part of the cargo of such vessel shall be unladen1 for any purpose whatever1 before such vessel has come to the proper place for the discharge of her cargo1 or some part thereof1 and has been there duly authorized by the proper officer of the customs to unlade the same1 the master of such vessel and the mate1 or other person next in command1 shall respectively be liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars for each such offense1 and the merchandise so unladen shall be forfeited1 except in case of some unavoidable accident1 necessity1 or distress of weather4 ,in case of such unavoidable accident1 necessity1 or distress1 the master of such vessel shall give notice to1 and1 together with two or more of the officers or mariners on board such vessel1 of whom the mate or other person next in command shall be one1 shall make proof upon oath before the collector1 or other chief officer of the customs of the district1 within the limits of which such accident1 necessity1 of distress happened1 or before the collector1 or other chief officer to the collection-district1 within the limits of which such vessel shall first afterward arrive1 if the accident1 necessity1 or distress happened not within the limits of any district1 but within four leagues of the coast of the ,united ,states4 ,the collector1 or other chief officer1 is hereby authorized and required to administer such oath4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhfg47 ,if any merchandise1 so unladen from on board any such vessel1 shall be put or received into any other vessel1 except in the case of such accident1 necessity1 or distress1 to be so notified and proved1 the master of any such vessel into which the merchandise shall be so put and received1 and every other person aiding and assisting therein1 shall be liable to a penalty of treble the value of the merchandise1 and the vessel in which they shall be so put shall be forfeited4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhfh47 ,special permit to unlade by night and preliminary entry4 ,upon arrival at any port in the ,united ,states of any vessel or other conveyance from a foreign port or place1 either directly or by way of another port in the ,united ,states1 or upon such arrival from another port in the ,united ,states of any vessel or other conveyance belonging to a line designated by the ,secretary of the ,treasury as a common carrier of bonded merchandise1 and1 after due report and entry of such vessel in accordance with existing law or due report1 under such regulations as the ,secretary of the ,treasury may prescribe1 of the arrival of such other conveyances1 the collector of customs1 with the concurrence of the naval officer at ports where there is a naval officer1 shall grant1 upon proper application therefor1 a special license to lade or unlade the cargo of any such vessel or other conveyance at night2 that is to say1 between sunset and sunrise4 7,sec4 #a47 ,the master of any vessel from a foreign port or place1 upon arrival within a customs collection district of the ,united ,states1 bound to a port of entry in such district1 may make preliminary entry of the vessel by making oath or affirmation to the truth of the statements contained in his original manifest and delivering his said original manifest to the customs officer who shall board such vessel within such district1 with a copy of said original manifest for the use of the naval officer at ports where there is a naval officer2 whereupon1 upon arrival at the wharf or place of discharge1 the lading or unlading of the cargo of such vessel may proceed1 by both day and night1 under such regulations as the ,secretary of the ,treasury may prescribe4 7,sec4 #b47 ,before any such special license to lade or unlade at night shall be granted and before any permit shall be issued for the immediate lading or unlading of any such vessel after preliminary entry1 as hereinbefore provided1 either by day or by night the master1 owner1 agent1 or consignee of such vessel or other conveyance shall make proper application therefor and shall at the same time execute and deliver to the ,united ,states1 through the collector of customs1 a good and sufficient bond1 in a penal sum to be approved by the said collector1 conditioned to indemnify and save the ,united ,states harmless from any and all losses and liabilities which may occur or be occasioned by reason of the granting of such special license or the issuing or granting of such permit for immediate lading or unlading2 or the master1 owner1 agent1 consignee1 or probable consignee1 as aforesaid1 may execute and deliver to the ,united ,states1 in like manner and form1 a good and sufficient bond1 in the panel sum of fifty thousand dollars1 conditioned to indemnify and save the ,united ,states harmless from any and all losses and liabilities which may occur or be occasioned by reason of the granting of such special licenses and the issuing or granting of such permits for immediate lading or unlading by day and night during a period of six months4 7,sec4 #c47 ,such application having been duly made and the required bond having been duly executed and delivered1 special license or licenses to lade or unlade at night after regular entry of vessels1 and due report of other conveyances1 may be granted1 and a permit or permits may be issued for the immediate lading and unlading1 by day and night1 of vessels admitted to preliminary entry1 or of other conveyances of which due report of arrival has been made3 ,provided1 ,that the provisions of this ,act shall extend and be applicable to any vessels or other conveyances bound to a port of entry in the ,united ,states to be unladen at a port of delivery or to be unladen at a place of discharge designated by the ,secretary of the ,treasury under the provisions of section twenty-seven hundred and seventy-six of the ,revised ,statutes as amended3 ,provided further1 ,that when preliminary entry of a vessel shall be made by the master as herein provided he shall not be relieved from making due report and entry of his vessel at the custom-house in accordance with existing law1 and any liability of the master or owner of any such vessel to the owner or consignee of any merchandise landed from her shall not be affected by the granting of such special license1 but such liability shall continue until the merchandise is properly removed from the dock whereon the same may be landed4 7,sec4 #d47 ,the ,secretary of the ,treasury shall fix a reasonable rate of extra compensation for night services of inspectors1 storekeepers1 weighers and other customs officers and employees in connection with the lading or unlading of cargo at night1 or the lading at night of cargo or merchandise for transportation in bond or for exportation in bond1 or for the exportation with benefit of drawback1 but such rate of compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to double the rate of compensation allowed to each such officer or employee for like services rendered by day1 the said extra compensation to be paid by the master1 owner1 agent1 or consignee of such vessel or other conveyance1 whenever such special license or permit for immediate lading or unlading or for lading or unlading at night or on ,sundays or holidays shall be granted1 to the collector of customs1 who shall pay the same to the several customs officers and employees entitled thereto according to the rates fixed therefor by the ,secretary of the ,treasury4 ,customs officers acting as boarding officers1 and any customs officer who may be designated for that purpose by the collector of customs1 and hereby authorized to administer the oath or affirmation herein provided for1 and such boarding officers shall be allowed extra compensation for services in boarding vessels at night or on ,sundays or holidays--at the rate prescribed by the ,secretary of the ,treasury as herein provided1 the said extra compensation to be paid by the master1 owner1 agent1 or consignee of such vessels4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhga2 ,june #cj1 #aijf2 ,feb4 #ac1 #aiaa2 sec4 #e47 ,unlading by day4 ,except as authorized by the preceding section1 no merchandise brought in any vessel from any foreign port shall be unladen or delivered from such vessel within the ,united ,states but in open day--that is to say1 between the rising and the setting of the sun--except by special license from the collector of the port1 and naval officer of the same1 where there is one1 for that purpose1 nor at any time without a permit from the collector1 and naval officer1 if any1 for such unlading or delivery4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhgb47 ,when the license to unload between the setting and rising of the sun is granted to a sailing vessel under this section1 a fixed1 uniform1 and reasonable compensation may be allowed to the inspector or inspectors for service between the setting and rising of the sun1 under such regulations as the ,secretary of the ,treasury may prescribe1 to be received by the collector from the master1 owner1 or consignee of the vessel1 and to be paid by him to the inspector or inspectors4 7,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #be47 ,if any merchandise shall be unladen or delivered from any vessel contrary to the preceding section1 the master of such vessel1 and every other person who shall knowingly be concerned1 or aiding therein1 or in removing1 storing1 or otherwise securing such merchandise1 shall each be liable to a penalty of four hundred dollars for each offense1 and shall be disabled from holding any office of trust or profit under the ,united ,states1 for a term not exceeding seven years2 and the collector of the district shall advertise the name of such person in a newspaper printed in the ,state in which he resides1 within twenty days after each respective conviction4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhgc47 ,all merchandise1 so unladen or delivered contrary to the provisions of section twenty-eight hundred and seventy-two1 shall become forfeited1 and may be seized by any of the officers of the customs2 and where the value thereof1 according to the highest market price of the same1 at the port or district where landed1 shall amount to four hundred dollars1 the vessel1 tackle1 apparel1 and furniture shall be subject to like forfeiture and seizure4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhgd47 ,supervision of unlading4 ,the collector of any district at which any vessel arrives1 immediately on her first coming within such district1 or the surveyor of any port where such vessel is1 may put and keep on board such vessel1 while remaining within such district1 or in going from one district to another1 one or more inspectors to examine the cargo or contents of such vessel1 and to superintend the delivery thereof1 or of so much thereof as shall be delivered within the ,united ,states1 and to perform such other duties according to law1 as they shall be directed by the collector1 or surveyor1 to perform for the better securing the collection of the duties4 ,only collectors shall have power1 however1 to put inspectors on board vessels to go from one district to another4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhge47 ,the inspector shall make known to the master of such vessel the duties he is to perform2 and shall suffer no merchandise to be unladen1 or otherwise removed from such vessel1 without a permit in writing from the collector of the port1 and naval officer thereof1 if any4 ,the inspector shall enter in a book1 to be by him kept according to such a form as shall be prescribed or approved by the collector1 the name of the person in whose behalf such permits are granted1 together with the particulars therein specified1 and the marks1 numbers1 kinds1 and description of the respective packages which shall be unladen pursuant thereto1 and shall keep a like account in the book of all merchandise which1 not having been entered within the time limited by this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #beag-cabi1 or for some other cause1 has been sent to the store or warehouse provided for the reception of such merchandise2 such book shall be delivered to the surveyor in the month of ,january in every year for his inspection1 and immediately after such inspection be transmitted by the surveyor1 with such observations as he may think necessary thereon1 to the collector1 to be deposited in his office4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhgf47 ,the inspector shall attend to the delivery of the cargo under his care1 at all times when the unlading or delivery of merchandise is lawful1 particularly from the rising to the setting of the sun on each day1 ,sundays and the fourth day of ,july in each year excepted2 for which purpose he shall constantly attend and remain on board the vessel1 the deliveries from which he is to superintend1 or at any other station where his inspection is necessary4 ,the inspector shall not quit such station or place without the leave of the surveyor of the port first obtained1 who shall appoint another inspector1 if he deems it necessary1 to supply the place of such inspector during his absence2 and any inspector who shall neglect or in any manner act contrary to the duties hereby enjoined1 shall for the first offense be liable to a penalty of the sum of fifty dollars1 and for the second offense shall be displaced1 and be incapable of holding any station of trust or profit under the revenue laws of the ,united ,states1 for a term not exceeding seven years4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhgg47 ,no inspector shall perform any other duties or service on board any vessel1 the superintendence of which is committed to him for any person whatever1 other than what is required by this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #beag-cabi1 under the penalty of being disabled from acting any longer as an inspector of the customs2 the wages or compensation of such inspector as may proceed from one district to another1 shall be defrayed by the master of the vessel committed to his care2 every inspector or other officer of the revenue1 while performing any duty on board any vessel1 not in a port of the ,united ,states1 discharging her cargo1 shall be entitled to receive from the master of such vessel such provisions and accommodations as are usually supplied to passengers1 or as the state and condition of such vessel will admit1 on receiving therefor fifty cents a day2 and any master of any vessel who shall refuse such provisions and reasonable accommodations shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhgh47 ,if1 by reason of the delivery of the cargo in several districts1 more than the term allowed by law shall in the whole be spent therein1 the wages or compensation of the inspector who may be employed on board of any vessel1 in respect to which such term may be so exceeded1 shall1 for every day of such excess1 be paid by the master or owner2 and the inspector shall1 previously to the clearance of the vessel1 render an exact account to the collector of all such compensation as has been paid1 or is due and payable by the master or owner4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhgi47 ,the inspector who may be put on board of any vessel shall secure1 after sunset in each evening1 or previous to his quitting the vessel1 the hatches and other communications with the hold of such vessel1 or any other part thereof he may judge necessary1 with locks or other proper fastenings1 which locks or other fastenings shall not be opened1 broken1 or removed until the morning following1 or after the rising of the sun1 and in the presence of the inspector by whom the same were affixed1 except by special license from the collector of the port1 and the naval officer1 if any1 first obtained4 ,if the locks or other fastenings1 or any of them1 are broken or removed contrary to this section1 or1 if any merchandise or packages are clandestinely landed1 notice thereof shall be immediately given by the inspector to the collector and naval officer1 if any1 of the port where the vessel may be2 and the master of such vessel shall1 for each or every such offense1 be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #cjgj47 ,merchandise shall not be entered or delivered from customs custody elsewhere than at one of the ports of entry hereinbefore designated1 except at the expense of the parties in interest1 upon express authority from the ,secretary of the ,treasury and under conditions to be prescribed by him4 ,when it shall be made to appear to the ,secretary of the ,treasury that the interests of commerce or the protection of the revenues so require1 he may cause to be stationed at places in the various collection districts1 though not named as ports of entry1 officers or employees of the customs with authority to enter and clear vessels1 to accept entries of merchandise1 to collect duties1 and to enforce the various provisions of the customs and navigation laws4 7,see ,appendix ,a47 7,executive order2 ,mar4 #c1 #aiac47 ,limit of time for unlading4 ,whenever any merchandise shall be imported into any port of the ,united ,states from any foreign port1 in any vessel1 at the expiration of ten working days if the vessel is less than five hundred tons register1 and within fifteen working days if it is of five hundred tons register and less than one thousand1 and within twenty working days if it is of one thousand tons register and less than fifteen hundred1 and within twenty-five working days if it is of fifteen hundred tons register and upward1 not including legal holidays and days when the condition of the weather prevents the unlading of the vessel with safety to its cargo1 after the time within which the report of the master of any vessel is required to be made to the collector of the district1 if there is found any merchandise other than has been reported for some other district or some foreign port1 the collector shall take possession thereof2 but with the consent of the owner or consignee of any merchandise1 or with the consent of the owner or master of the vessel in which the same may be imported1 the merchandise may be taken possession of by the collector after one day's notice to the collector of the district4 ,all merchandise so taken shall be delivered pursuant to the order of the collector of the district1 for which a certificate or receipt shall be granted4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhhj2 ,may #i1 #ahif47 ,the limitation of time for unlading1 prescribed by the preceding section1 shall not extend to vessels laden exclusively with coal1 salt1 sugar1 hides1 dyewoods1 wool1 or jute butts1 consigned to one consignee1 arriving at a port for orders2 but if the master of any such vessel requires a longer time to discharge her cargo1 the wages or compensation of the inspector1 for every day's attendance exceeding the number of days allowed by law1 shall be paid by the master or owner2 and thereupon the collector is hereby authorized and required to allow such longer time1 not exceeding fifteen days4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhha2 ,june #c1 #ahib2 sec4 #b47 ,all merchandise of which the collector shall take possession under the provisions relating to the time for the discharge of a vessel's cargo shall be kept with due and reasonable care at the charge and risk of the owner4 7,r4 ,s41 #bifi47 ,post entry4 ,if any package whatever which has been so reported is wanting1 and not found on board such vessel1 or if the merchandise on board such vessel does not otherwise agree with the report or manifest delivered by the master of any such vessel1 in every such case the master shall be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars2 except that if it is made to appear to the satisfaction of the collector1 naval officer1 and surveyor1 or to the major part of them where those officers are established at any port1 or to the satisfaction of the collector alone where neither of the others is established1 or in case of trial for the penalty1 to the satisfaction of the court1 that no part whatever of merchandise of such vessel has been unshipped1 landed1 or unladen since it was taken on board1 except as specified in the report or manifest1 and pursuant to permits1 or that the disagreement is by accident or mistake1 in such case the penalty shall not be inflicted4 ,but in all such cases the master of any vessel shall be required and shall make a post entry or addition to the report or manifest by him delivered of any and all merchandise omitted to be included and reported in such manifest2 and it shall not be lawful to grant a permit to unlade any such merchandise so omitted before such post entry or addition to such report or manifest has been made4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhhg47 ,returns of unlading of cargo4 ,when the delivery of merchandise from on board of any vessel is completed1 copies of the accounts or entries which have been kept or made thereof1 by the officer charged with the deliveries1 shall be returned to the collector of the district1 and the naval officer1 if any1 within three days after such delivery has been completed1 if at the port where such officer resides1 and if at any other port as soon as the nature of the case will admit1 not exceeding fifteen days4 ,the accounts or entries to be so returned shall comprise all deliveries made pursuant to permits1 and all packages or merchandise sent to the public stores2 also each and every package remaining on board of such vessel for the purpose of being exported therein to a foreign port1 or to some other district of the ,united ,states4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhhh47 ,such returns shall be signed by the inspectors respectively under whose superintendence the deliveries have been made2 and1 after examination1 and on being found correct1 shall be countersigned or certified by the surveyor of the port1 if any1 at the port where the deliveries have been made4 ,the returns shall be transmitted by him to the naval officer1 if any2 who shall compare the same with the manifests and entries in his possession2 and if any difference appears1 the particulars thereof shall be noted by indorsement on the returns2 and if no difference appears1 it shall be so noted by like indorsements4 ,the naval officer shall transmit the returns to the collector of the district2 and on being returned to the collector1 shall be by him compared with the manifests and entries of the merchandise1 which have been made by the owner1 consignee1 or his factor or agent2 and if any difference appears1 the same shall be noted by indorsement on such manifests1 specifying the particulars thereof2 and if no difference appears1 it shall be noted by like indorsement1 that the delivery corresponds with the entry or entries thereof4 ,the indorsement or memorandum shall1 in each case1 be subscribed by the officer by whom the comparison was made4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhhi47 ,vessels in distress4 ,if any vessel from any foreign port1 compelled by distress of weather1 or other necessity1 shall put into any port of the ,united ,states1 not being destined for the same1 the master1 together with the mate or person next in command1 may1 within twenty-four hours after her arrival1 make protest in the usual form upon oath1 before a notary public or other person duly authorized1 or before the collector of the district where the vessel arrives1 setting forth the cause or circumstances of such distress or necessity4 ,such protest1 if not made before the collector1 shall be produced to him1 and to the naval officer1 if any1 and a copy thereof lodged with him or them4 ,the master shall also1 within forty-eight hours after such arrival1 make report in writing to the collector1 of the vessel and her cargo1 as is directed hereby to be done in other cases4 ,and if it appear to the collector1 by the certificate of the wardens of the port1 or other officers usually charged with1 and accustomed to ascertain the condition of vessels arriving in distress1 if any1 or by the certificate of two reputable merchants1 to be named for that purpose by the collector1 if there are no such wardens1 or other officers duly qualified1 that there is a necessity for unlading the vessel1 the collector and naval officer1 if any1 shall grant a permit for that purpose1 and shall appoint an inspector to oversee such unlading1 who shall keep an account of the same1 to be compared with the report made by the master of the vessel4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhia47 ,all merchandise so unladen from any vessel arriving in distress shall be stored under the direction of the collector1 who1 upon request of the master of such vessel1 or of the owner thereof1 shall1 together with the naval officer1 where there is one1 and alone where there is none1 grant permission to dispose of such part of the cargo as may be of a perishable nature1 if any there be1 or as may be necessary to defray the expenses attending such vessel and her cargo4 ,but entry shall be made therefor1 and the duties paid4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhib47 ,in case the delivery of the cargo does not agree with the report thereof1 made by the master of such vessel so arriving in distress1 and if the difference or disagreement is not satisfactorily accounted for in manner prescribed by this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #beag-cabi1 the master of such vessel shall be liable to such penalties as in other like cases are prescribed4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhic47 ,the merchandise1 or the remainder thereof1 which shall not be disposed of1 may be reladen on board the vessel so arriving in distress1 under the inspection of the officer who superintended the landing thereof1 or other proper person2 and the vessel may proceed with the same to the place of her destination1 free from any other charge than for the storing and safe-keeping of the merchandise1 and fees to the officers of the customs as in other cases4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhid47 ,obstruction by ice4 ,when a vessel is prevented by ice from getting to the port or place at which her cargo is intended to be delivered1 the collector of the district in which such vessel may be obstructed may receive the report and entry of such vessel1 and1 with the consent of the naval officer1 where there is one1 grant permits for unlading or landing the merchandise imported in such vessel1 at any place within his district1 most convenient and proper4 ,the report and entry of such vessel1 and her cargo1 or any part thereof1 and all persons concerned therein1 shall be subject to the same regulations and penalties as if the vessel had arrived at the port of her destination1 and had there proceeded to the delivery of her cargo4 7,r4 ,s41 #bhif47 ,salvage of merchandise4 ,all merchandise imported into the ,united ,states shall1 for the purpose of this title ,r4 ,s41 #beag-cabi be deemed and held to be the property of the person to whom the merchandise may be consigned2 but the holder of any bill of lading consigned to order and endorsed by the consignor shall be deemed the consignee thereof4 ,and in case of the abandonment of any merchandise to the underwriters1 the latter may be recognized as the consignee1 and under such regulations as the ,secretary of the ,treasury may prescribe1 merchandise saved from a vessel wrecked or abandoned at sea1 or on or along the coasts of the ,united ,states and promptly brought into a port of the ,united ,states by or in possession of the salvors of the same1 can1 for the purpose of its title1 be regarded as the property of such salvors1 and the valuation thereof and payment of duties thereon can be made accordingly and with due reference to the condition of said merchandise as thus saved and the necessities of the case3 ,provided1 however1 ,that such bringing in by salvors shall be in good faith and without intent to evade the just payment of duty3 ,and provided further1 ,that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prejudice in any other respect the rights of property1 or of or through abandonment or allowance of the owner or any other person interested in said merchandise4 7,r4 ,s41 #cjeh2 ,feb4 #bc1 #ahhg47 ,fraudulent importation of merchandise4 ,if any person shall fraudulently or knowingly import or bring into the ,united ,states1 or assist in so doing any merchandise1 contrary to law1 or shall receive1 conceal1 buy1 sell1 or in any manner facilitate the transportation1 concealment1 or sale of such merchandise after importation1 knowing the same to have been imported contrary to law1 such merchandise shall be forfeited and the offender shall be fined in any sum not exceeding five thousand dollars nor less than fifty dollars1 or be imprisoned for any time not exceeding two years1 or both4 ,whenever1 on trial for a violation of this section1 the defendant is shown to have or to have had possession of such goods1 such possession shall be deemed evidence sufficient to authorize conviction1 unless the defendant shall explain the possession to the satisfaction of the jury4 7,r4 ,s41 #cjhb47 ,bribery and solicitation of bribes4 ,any person who shall give1 or offer to give or promise to give any money or thing of value1 directly or indirectly1 to any officer or employee of the ,united ,states in consideration of or for any act or omission contrary to law in connection with or pertaining to the importation1 appraisement1 entry1 examination1 or inspection of goods1 wares1 or merchandise1 including herein any baggage1 or of the liquidation of the entry thereof1 or shall by threats or demands1 or promises of any character attempt to improperly influence or control any such officer or employee of the ,united ,states as to the performance of his official duties shall1 on conviction thereof1 be fined not exceeding two thousand dollars1 or be imprisoned at hard labor not more than one year1 or both1 in the discretion of the court2 and evidence of such giving1 or offering1 or promising to give1 satisfactory to the court in which such trial is had1 shall be regarded as prima facie evidence that such giving or offering or promising was contrary to law1 and shall put upon the accused the burden of proving that such act was innocent1 and not done with an unlawful intention4 7,june #aj1 #ahij2 sec4 #bf2 ,oct4 #c1 #aiac1 sec4 ,,iii1 ,,aa47 ,any officer or employee of the ,united ,states who shall1 excepting for lawful duties or fees1 solicit1 demand1 exact or receive from any person1 directly or indirectly1 any money or thing of value1 in connection with or pertaining to the importation1 appraisement1 entry1 examination1 or inspection of goods1 wares1 or merchandise1 including herein any baggage1 or liquidation of the entry thereof1 on conviction thereof1 shall be fined not exceeding five thousand dollars1 or be imprisoned at hard labor not more than two years1 or both1 in the discretion of the court4 ,and evidence of such soliciting1 demanding1 exacting1 or receiving1 satisfactory to the court in which such trial is had1 shall be regarded as prima facie evidence that such soliciting1 demanding1 exacting1 or receiving was contrary to law1 and shall put upon the accused the burden of proving that such act was innocent and not with an unlawful intention4 7,june #aj1 #ahij2 sec4 #bg2 ,oct4 #c1 #aiac2 sec4 ,,iii1 ,,bb47 ,liens for freight or general average4 ,whenever the collector of the port of entry of the vessel1 or other proper officer of the customs1 shall be duly notified in writing of the existence of a lien for freight1 charges1 or contribution in general average upon imported goods1 wares1 or merchandise in his custody1 he shall1 before delivering such goods1 wares1 or merchandise to the importer1 owner1 or consignee thereof for consumption1 or to any vessel or vehicle for transportation or exportation1 give seasonable notice to the party or parties claiming the lien2 and the possession by the officers of customs shall not affect the discharge of such lien1 under such regulations as the ,secretary of the ,treasury may prescribe2 and such officer shall refuse the delivery of such merchandise from any public or bonded warehouse or other place in which the same shall be deposited until proof to his satisfaction shall be produced that the freight1 charges1 or contribution in general average thereon has been paid or secured2 but the rights of the ,united ,states shall not be prejudiced thereby1 nor shall the ,united ,states or its officers be in any manner liable for losses consequent upon such refusal to deliver4 ,if merchandise so subject to a lien1 regarding which notice has been filed1 shall be forfeited to the ,united ,states and sold1 the freight1 charges1 or contribution in general average due thereon shall be paid from the proceeds of such sale in the same manner as other charges and expenses authorized by law to be paid therefrom are paid4 7,r4 ,s41 #biha2 ,may #ba1 #ahif47 ,,chapter ,v ,,liability ,,of ,,owners1 ,,masters1 ,,and ,,shippers ,liability of ,owners1 ,masters and ,shippers4 ,if any shipper of platina1 gold1 gold dust1 silver1 bullion1 or other precious metals1 coins1 jewelry1 bills of any bank or public body1 diamonds1 or other precious stones1 or any gold or silver in a manufactured or unmanufactured state1 watches1 clocks1 or time pieces of any description1 trinkets1 orders1 notes1 or securities for payment of money1 stamps1 maps1 writings1 title-deeds1 printings1 engravings1 pictures1 gold or silver plate or plated articles1 glass1 china1 silks in a manufactured or unmanufactured state1 and whether wrought up or not wrought up with any other material1 furs1 or lace1 or any of them1 contained in any parcel1 or package1 or trunk1 shall lade the same as freight or baggage1 on any vessel1 without at the time of such lading giving to the master1 clerk1 agent1 or owner of such vessel receiving the same a written notice of the true character and value thereof1 and having the same entered on the bill of lading therefor1 the master and owner of such vessel shall not be liable as carriers thereof in any form or manner2 nor shall any such master or owner be liable for any such goods beyond the value and according to the character thereof so notified and entered4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbha47 ,no owner of any vessel shall be liable to answer for or make good to any person any loss or damage which may happen to any merchandise whatsoever1 which shall be shipped1 taken in1 or put on board any such vessel1 by reason or by means of any fire happening to or on board the vessel1 unless such fire is caused by the design or neglect of such owner4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbhb47 ,the liability of the owner of any vessel1 for any embezzlement1 loss1 or destruction1 by any person1 of any property1 goods1 or merchandise1 shipped or put on board of such vessel1 or for any loss1 damage1 or injury by collision1 or for any act1 matter1 or thing1 lost1 damage1 or forfeiture1 done1 occasioned1 or incurred1 without the privity or knowledge of such owner or owners1 shall in no case exceed the amount or value of the interest of such owner in such vessel1 and her freight then pending4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbhc47 ,whenever any such embezzlement1 loss1 or destruction is suffered by several freighters or owners of goods1 wares1 merchandise1 or any property whatever1 on the same voyage1 and the whole value of the vessel1 and her freight for the voyage1 is not sufficient to make compensation to each of them1 they shall receive compensation from the owner of the vessel1 in proportion to their respective losses2 and for that purpose the freighters and owners of the property1 and the owner of the vessel1 or any of them1 may take the appropriate proceedings in any court1 for the purpose of apportioning the sum for which the owner of the vessel may be liable among the parties entitled thereto4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbhd47 ,it shall be deemed a sufficient compliance on the part of such owner with the requirements of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #daca-dcje relating to his liability for any embezzlement1 loss1 or destruction of any property1 goods1 or merchandise1 if he shall transfer his interest in such vessel and freight1 for the benefit of such claimants1 to a trustee1 to be appointed by any court of competent jurisdiction1 to act as such trustee for the person who may prove to be legally entitled thereto2 from and after which transfer all claims and proceedings against the owner shall cease4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbhe47 ,the charterer of any vessel1 in case he shall man1 victual1 and navigate such vessel at his own expense1 or by his own procurement1 shall be deemed the owner of such vessel within the meaning of the provisions of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #daca-dcje relating to the limitation of the liability of the owners of vessels2 and such vessel1 when so chartered1 shall be liable in the same manner as if navigated by the owner thereof4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbhf47 ,nothing in the five preceding sections shall be construed to take away or affect the remedy to which any party may be entitled1 against the master1 officers1 or seamen1 for or on account of any embezzlement1 injury1 loss1 or destruction of merchandise1 or property1 put on board any vessel1 or on account of any negligence1 fraud1 or other malversation of such master1 officers1 or seamen1 respectively1 nor to lessen or take away any responsibility to which any master or seaman of any vessel may by law be liable1 notwithstanding such master or seaman may be an owner or part owner of the vessel4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbhg47 ,any person shipping oil of vitrol1 unslaked lime1 inflammable matches1 or gunpowder1 in a vessel taking cargo for divers persons on freight1 without delivering1 at the time of shipment1 a note in writing1 expressing the nature and character of such merchandise1 to the master1 mate1 officer1 or person in charge of the lading of the vessel1 shall be liable to the ,united ,states in a penalty of one thousand dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbhh2 ,june1 #ai1 #ahhf2 sec4 #d47 ,the individual liability of a shipowner shall be limited to the proportion of any or all debts and liabilities that his individual share of the vessel bears to the whole2 and the aggregate liabilities of all the owners of a vessel on account of the same shall not exceed the value of such vessel and freight pending3 ,provided1 ,that this provision shall not affect the liability of any owner incurred previous to the passage of this act1 nor prevent any claimant from joining all the owners in one action2 nor shall the same apply to wages due to persons employed by said shipowners4 7,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #ah47 ,the provisions of the seven preceding sections1 and of section eighteen of an act entitled ,an act to remove certain burdens on the ,american merchant marine and encourage the ,american foreign carrying-trade1 and for other purposes1 approved ,june twenty-sixth1 eighteen hundred and eighty-four1 relating to the limitations of the liability of the owners of vessels1 shall apply to all seagoing vessels1 and also to all vessels used on lakes or rivers or in inland navigation1 including canal-boats1 barges1 and lighters4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbhi2 ,june #ai1 #ahhf2 sec4 #d47 ,act of ,february #ac1 #ahic 7,harter ,act74 ,it shall not be lawful for the manager1 agent1 master or owner of any vessel transporting merchandise or property from or between ports of the ,united ,states and foreign ports to insert in any bill of lading or shipping document any clause1 covenant1 or agreement whereby it1 he1 or they shall be relieved from liability for loss or damage arising from negligence1 fault1 or failure in proper loading1 stowage1 custody1 care1 or proper delivery of any and all lawful merchandise or property committed to its or their charge4 ,any and all words or clauses of such import inserted in bills of lading or shipping receipts shall be null and void and of no effect4 7,sec4 #a47 ,it shall not be lawful for any vessel transporting merchandise or property from or between ports of the ,united ,states of ,america and foreign ports1 her owner1 master1 agent or manager to insert in any bill of lading or shipping document any covenant or agreement whereby the obligations of the owner or owners of said vessel to exercise due diligence1 properly equip1 man1 provision1 and outfit said vessel1 and to make said vessel seaworthy and capable of performing her intended voyage1 or whereby the obligations of the master1 officers1 agents1 or servants to carefully handle and stow her cargo and to care for and properly deliver same1 shall in any wise be lessened1 weakened1 or avoided4 7,sec4 #b47 ,if the owner of any vessel transporting merchandise or property to or from any port in the ,united ,states of ,america shall exercise due diligence to make the said vessel in all respects seaworthy and properly manned1 equipped1 and supplied1 neither the vessel1 or owners1 agent1 or charterers shall become or be held responsible for damage or loss resulting from faults or errors in navigation or in the management of said vessel1 nor shall the vessel1 her owner or owners1 charterers1 agent1 or master1 be held liable for losses arising from dangers of the sea or other navigable waters1 acts of ,god1 or public enemies1 or the inherent defect1 quality1 or vice of the thing carried1 or from insufficiency of package1 or seizure under legal process1 or for loss resulting from any act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods1 his agent or representative1 or from saving or attempting to save life or property at sea1 or from any deviation in rendering such service4 7,sec4 #c47 ,it shall be the duty of the owner or owners1 masters1 or agent of any vessel transporting merchandise or property from or between ports of the ,united ,states and foreign ports to issue to shippers of any lawful merchandise a bill of lading1 or shipping document1 stating1 among other things1 the marks necessary for identification1 number of packages1 or quantity1 stating whether it be carrier's or shipper's weight1 and apparent order or condition of such merchandise or property delivered to and received by the owner1 master1 or agent of the vessel for transportation1 and such document shall be prima facie evidence of the receipt of the merchandise therein described4 7,sec4 #d47 ,for a violation of any of the provisions of this act the agent1 owner1 or master of the vessel guilty of such violation1 and who refuses to issue on demand the bill of lading herein provided for1 shall be liable to a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars4 ,the amount of the fine and costs for such violation shall be a lien upon the vessel1 whose agent1 owner1 or master is guilty of such violation1 and such vessel may be libeled therefor in any district court of the ,united ,states1 within whose jurisdiction the vessel may be found4 ,one-half of such penalty shall go to the party injured by such violation and the remainder to the ,government of the ,united ,states4 7,sec4 #e47 ,this act shall not be held to modify or repeal sections forty-two hundred and eighty-one1 forty-two hundred and eighty-two1 and forty-two hundred and eighty-three of the ,revised ,statutes of the ,united ,states1 or any other statute defining the liability of vessels1 their owners1 or representatives4 7,sec4 #f47 ,sections one and four of this act shall not apply to the transportation of live animals4 7,feb4 #ac1 #ahic2 sec4 #g47 ,general libel bond4 ,when a warrant of arrest or other process in rem is issued in any cause of admiralty jurisdiction1 except in cases of seizures for forfeiture under any law of the ,united ,states1 the marshal shall stay the execution of such process1 or discharge the property arrested if the process has been levied1 on receiving from the claimant of the property a bond or stipulation in double the amount claimed by the libelant1 with sufficient surety1 to be approved by the judge of the court where the cause is pending1 or1 in his absence1 by the collector of the port1 conditioned to answer the decree of the court in such cause4 ,such bond or stipulation shall be returned to the court1 and judgment thereon1 against both the principal and sureties1 may be recovered at the time of rendering the decree in the original cause4 ,and the owner of any vessel may cause to be executed and delivered to the marshal a bond or stipulation1 with sufficient surety1 to be approved by the judge of the court in which he is marshal1 conditioned to answer the decree of said court in all or any cases that shall thereafter be brought in said court against the said vessel1 and thereupon the execution of all such process against said vessel shall be stayed so long as the amount secured by such bond or stipulation shall be at least double the aggregate amount claimed by the libelants in such suits which shall be begun and pending against said vessel2 and like judgments and remedies may be had on said bond or stipulation as if a special bond or stipulation had been filed in each of said suits4 ,the court may make such orders as may be necessary to carry this section into effect1 and especially for the giving of proper notice of any such suit4 ,such bond or stipulation shall be indorsed by the clerk with a minute of the suits wherein process is so stayed1 and further security may at any time be required by the court4 ,if a special bond or stipulation in the particular cause shall be given under this section1 the liability as to said cause on the general bond or stipulation shall cease4 7,r4 ,s41 #ida2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahii47 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,miscellaneous ,,laws ,rescuing shipwrecked ,american seamen4 ,expenses which may be incurred in the acknowledgment of the services of masters and crews of foreign vessels in rescuing ,american seamen or citizens from shipwreck1 four thousand five hundred dollars4 7,june #cj1 #aiad47 ,school ships4 ,the ,secretary of the ,navy1 to promote nautical education1 is hereby authorized and empowered to furnish1 upon the application in writing of the governor of a ,state1 a suitable vessel of the navy1 with all her apparel1 charts1 books1 and instruments of navigation1 provided the same can be spared without detriment to the naval service1 to be used for the benefit of any nautical school1 or school or college having a nautical branch1 established at each of the following ports of the ,united ,states3 ,boston1 ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 ,seattle1 ,san ,francisco1 ,baltimore1 ,detroit1 ,saginaw1 ,michigan1 ,norfolk1 and ,corpus ,christi1 upon the condition that there shall be maintained at such port a school or branch of a school for the instruction of youths in navigation1 steamship-marine engineering1 and all matters pertaining to the proper construction1 equipment1 and sailing of vessels or any particular branch thereof4 7,sec4 #a47 ,a sum not exceeding the amount annually appropriated by any ,state or municipality for the purpose of maintaining such a marine school or schools or the nautical branch thereof is hereby authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of aiding in the maintenance and support of such school or schools3 ,provided1 however1 ,that appropriations shall be made for one school in any port heretofore named in section one and that the appropriation for any one year shall not exceed twenty-five thousand dollars for any one school4 7,sec4 #b47 ,the ,president of the ,united ,states is hereby authorized1 when in his opinion the same can be done without detriment to the public service1 to detail proper officers of the navy as superintendents of or instructors in such schools3 ,provided1 ,that if any such school shall be discontinued1 or the good of the naval service shall require1 such vessel shall be immediately restored to the ,secretary of the ,navy and the officers so detailed recalled3 ,and provided further1 ,that no person shall be sentenced to or received at such schools as a punishment or commutation of punishment for crime4 7,june #bj1 #ahgd2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahha2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiaa2 sec4 #c47 ,navy ration4 ,the navy rations shall consist of the following daily allowance of provisions to each person3 ,one pound and a quarter of salt or smoked meat1 with three ounces of dried or six ounces of canned or preserved fruit1 and three gills of beans or peas1 or twelve ounces of flour2 or one pound of preserved meat1 with three ounces of dried or six ounces of canned or preserved fruit and eight ounces of rice or twelve ounces of canned vegetables1 or six ounces of desiccated vegetables2 together with one pound of biscuit1 two ounces of butter1 four ounces of sugar1 two ounces of coffee or cocoa1 or one-half ounce of tea and one ounce of condensed milk or evaporated cream2 and a weekly allowance of one-quarter pound of macaroni1 four ounces of cheese1 four ounces of tomatoes1 one-half pint of vinegar or sauce1 one-quarter pint of pickles1 one-quarter pint of molasses1 four ounces of salt1 one-half ounce of pepper1 one-eighth ounce of spices1 and one-half ounce of dry mustard4 ,seven pounds of lard1 or a suitable substitute1 shall be allowed for every hundred pounds of flour issued as bread1 and such quantities of yeast and flavoring extracts as may be necessary4 7,r4 ,s41 #aehj2 ,july #a1 #aijb2 ,june #bi1 #aijf47 ,the following substitution for the components of the ration may be made when deemed necessary by the senior officer present in command3 ,for one and one-quarter pounds of salt or smoked meat or one pound of preserved meat1 one and three-quarter pounds of fresh meat or fresh fish1 or eight eggs2 in lieu of the articles usually issued with salt1 smoked or preserved meat1 one and three-quarter pounds of fresh vegetables2 for one pound of biscuit1 one and one-quarter pounds of soft bread or eighteen ounces of flour2 for three gills of beans and peas1 twelve ounces of flour or eight ounces of rice or other starch food1 or twelve ounces of canned vegetables2 for one pound of condensed milk or evaporated cream1 one quart of fresh milk2 for three ounces of dried or six ounces of canned or preserved fruit1 nine ounces of fresh fruit2 and for twelve ounces of flour or eight ounces of rice or other starch food1 or twelve ounces of canned vegetables1 three gills of beans or peas2 in lieu of the weekly allowance of one-quarter pound of macaroni1 four ounces of cheese1 one-half pint of vinegar or sauce1 one-quarter pint of pickles1 one-quarter pint of molasses1 and one-eighth ounce of spices1 three pounds of sugar1 or one and a half pounds of condensed milk1 or one pound of coffee1 or one and a half pounds of canned fruit1 or four pounds of fresh vegetables1 or four pounds of flour4 ,an extra allowance of one ounce of coffee or cocoa1 two ounces of sugar1 four ounces of hard bread or its equivalent1 and four ounces of preserved meat or its equivalent shall be allowed to enlisted men of the engineer and dynamo force who stand night watches between eight o'clock postmeridian and eight o'clock antemeridian1 under steam4 7,r4 ,s41 #aeha2 ,july #a1 #aijb2 ,june #bi1 #aijf47 ,export of arms to ,american countries4 ,whenever the ,president shall find that in any ,american country conditions of domestic violence exist which are promoted by the use of arms or munitions of war procured from the ,united ,states1 and shall make proclamation thereof1 it shall be unlawful to export except under such limitations and exceptions as the ,president shall prescribe any arms or munitions of war from any place in the ,united ,states to such country until otherwise ordered by the ,president or by ,congress4 ,any shipment of material hereby declared unlawful after such a proclamation shall be punishable by fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars1 or imprisonment not exceeding two years1 or both4 7,apr4 #bb1 #ahih2 ,mar4 #ad1 #aiab2 sec4 #b47 ,mines1 torpedoes1 and harbor defenses4 ,whoever shall willfully trespass upon1 injure1 or destroy any of the works or property or material of any submarine mine or torpedo1 or fortification or harbor-defense system owned or constructed or in process of construction by the ,united ,states1 or shall willfully interfere with the operation or use of any such submarine mine1 torpedo1 fortification1 or harbor-defense system1 shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than five years1 or both4 ,see also act ,mar4 #d1 #aiji1 sec4 #bgb1 p4 #dfh4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiji2 sec4 #dd2 ,repeals act ,july #g1 #ahih47 ,sale of arms and liquors to ,pacific islanders4 ,whoever1 being subject to the authority of the ,united ,states1 shall give1 sell1 or otherwise supply any arms1 ammunition1 explosive substance1 intoxicating liquor1 or opium to any aboriginal native of any of the ,pacific islands lying within the twentieth parallel of north latitude and the fortieth parallel of south latitude1 and the one hundred and twentieth meridian of longitude west and one hundred and twentieth meridian of longitude east of ,greenwich1 not being in the possession or under the protection of any civilized power1 shall be fined not more than fifty dollars1 or imprisoned not more than three months1 or both4 ,in addition to such punishment1 all articles of a similar nature to those in respect to which an offense has been committed1 found in the possession of the offender1 may be declared forfeited4 ,if it shall appear to the court that such opium1 wine1 or spirits have been given bona fide for medical purposes1 it shall be lawful for the court to dismiss the charge4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiji2 sec4 #cjh2 ,repeals act ,feb4 #ad1 #aijb1 secs4 #a-b47 ,all offenses against the provisions of the section last preceding1 committed on any of said islands or on the waters1 rocks1 or keys adjacent thereto1 shall be deemed committed on the high seas on board a merchant ship or vessel belonging to the ,united ,states1 and the courts of the ,united ,states shall have jurisdiction accordingly4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiji2 sec4 #cji2 ,repeals act ,feb4 #ad1 #aijb1 sec4 #c47 ,exemption of private property at sea4 ,it is the sense of the ,congress of the ,united ,states that it is desirable1 in the interest of uniformity of action by the maritime states of the world in time of war1 that the ,president endeavor to bring about an understanding among the principal maritime powers with a view of incorporating into the permanent law of civilized nations the principle of the exemption of all private property at sea1 not contraband of war1 from capture or destruction by belligerents4 7,j4 ,res41 ,apr4 #bh1 #aijd47 ,assistance and salvage at sea4 ,the right to remuneration for assistance or salvage services shall not be affected by common ownership of the vessels rendering and receiving such assistance or salvage services4 7,sec4 #a47 ,the master or person in charge of a vessel shall1 so far as he can do so without serious danger to his own vessel1 crew1 or passengers1 render assistance to every person who is found at sea in danger of being lost2 and if he fails to do so1 he shall1 upon conviction1 be liable to a penalty of not exceeding one thousand dollars or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years1 or both4 7,sec4 #b47 ,salvors of human life1 who have taken part in the services rendered on the occasion of the accident giving rise to salvage1 are entitled to a fair share of the remuneration awarded to the salvors of the vessel1 her cargo1 and accessories4 7,sec4 #c47 ,a suit for the recovery of remuneration for rendering assistance or salvage services shall not be maintainable if brought later than two years from the date when such assistance or salvage was rendered1 unless the court in which the suit is brought shall be satisfied that during such period there had not been any reasonable opportunity of arresting the assisted or salved vessel within the jurisdiction of the court or within the territorial waters of the country in which the libelant resides or has his principal place of business4 7,sec4 #d47 ,nothing in this ,act shall be construed as applying to ships of war or to ,government ships appropriated exclusively to a public service4 7,aug4 #a1 #aiab2 sec4 #e47 ,protection against fire4 ,every steamer carrying passengers or freight shall be provided with suitable pipes and valves attached to the boiler to convey steam into the hold and to the different compartments thereof to extinguish fire1 or such other suitable apparatus as may be prescribed by the regulations of the board of supervising inspectors1 with the approval of the ,secretary of ,commerce1 for extinguishing fire in the hold and compartments thereof by the introduction through pipes into such hold and compartments of carbonic acid gas or other fire-extinguishing gas or vapor2 and every stove used on board of any such vessel shall be well and securely fastened1 so as to prevent it from being moved or overthrown1 and all woodwork or other ignitible substances about the boilers1 chimneys1 cook houses1 and stove-pipes1 exposed to ignition shall be thoroughly shielded by some incombustible material in such a manner as to leave the air to circulate freely between such material and woodwork or other ignitible substance2 and before granting a certificate of inspection the inspector shall require all other necessary provisions to be made throughout such vessels to guard against loss or danger from fire4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddgj2 ,mar4 #c1 #aije2 sec4 #g47 ,every steamer permitted by her certificate of inspection to carry as many as fifty passengers1 or upward1 and every steamer carrying passengers1 which also carries cotton1 hay1 or hemp1 shall be provided with a good double-acting steam fire-pump1 or other equivalent apparatus for throwing water4 ,such pump or other apparatus for throwing water shall be kept at all times and at all seasons of the year in good order and ready for immediate use1 having at least two pipes of suitable dimensions1 one on each side of the vessel1 to convey the water to the upper decks1 to which pipes there shall be attached1 by means of stop-cocks or valves1 both between decks and on the upper deck1 good and suitable hose of sufficient strength to stand a pressure of not less than one hundred pounds to the square inch1 long enough to reach to all parts of the vessel and properly provided with nozzles1 and kept in good order and ready for immediate service4 ,every steamer exceeding two hundred tons burden and carrying passengers shall be provided with two good double-acting fire-pumps1 to be worked by hand2 each chamber of such pumps1 except pumps upon steamers in service on the twenty-eighth day of ,february1 eighteen hundred and seventy-one1 shall be of sufficient capacity to contain not less than one hundred cubic inches of water2 and such pumps shall be placed in the most suitable parts of the vessel for efficient service1 having suitable well-fitted hose to each pump1 of at least one-half the vessel in length1 kept at all times in perfect order1 and shipped up and ready for immediate use4 ,on every steamer not exceeding two hundred tons1 one of such pumps may be dispensed with4 ,each fire-pump thus prescribed shall be supplied with water by means of a suitable pipe connected therewith1 and passing through the side of the vessel so low as to be at all times under water when she is afloat4 ,every steamer shall also be provided with a pump which shall be of sufficient strength and suitably arranged to test the boilers thereof4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddga2 ,june #cj1 #aijf47 ,every steamer carrying passengers during the night-time shall keep a suitable number of watchmen in the cabins1 and on each deck1 to guard against fire or other dangers1 and to give alarm in case of accident or disaster4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddgg47 ,for any neglect to keep the watchmen required by the preceding section1 the license of the officer in charge of the vessel for the time being shall be revoked2 and every owner of such vessel who neglects or refuses to furnish the number of men necessary to keep watch as required1 shall be fined one thousand dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddgh47 ,the board of supervising inspectors may require steamers carrying either passengers or freight to be provided with such number and kind of good and efficient portable fire-extinguishers as1 in the judgment of the board1 may be necessary to protect them from fire when such steamers are moored or lying at a wharf without steam to work the pumps4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddgi47 ,every such steam vessel carrying passengers shall keep such fire buckets1 axes1 and water barrels as shall be prescribed by the regulations established by the board of supervising inspectors1 with the approval of the ,secretary of ,commerce4 ,the buckets and barrels shall be kept in convenient places and filled with water1 to be in readiness in case of fire1 and the axes shall be kept in good order and ready for immediate use4 ,tanks of suitable dimensions and arrangement1 or buckets in sufficient number1 may be substituted for barrels4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddhc2 ,mar4 #c1 #aije2 sec4 #c47 ,inflammable or explosive cargo4 ,upon the application of any master or owner of any steam vessel employed in the carriage of passengers1 for a license to carry gunpowder1 the local inspectors shall examine such vessel1 and if they find that she is provided with a chest or safe composed of metal1 or entirely lined and sheathed therewith1 or if the vessel has one or more compartments thoroughly lined and sheathed with metal1 at a secure distance from any fire1 they may grant a certificate to that effect1 authorizing such vessel to carry as freight within such chest1 safes1 or compartments1 the article of gunpowder1 which certificate shall be kept conspicuously posted on board such vessel4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddbb2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 ,sec4 #b47 ,no loose hay1 loose cotton1 or loose hemp1 camphene1 nitro-glycerine1 naphtha1 benzine1 benzole1 coal oil1 crude or refined petroleum1 or other like explosive burning fluids1 or like dangerous articles1 shall be carried as freight or used as stores on any steamer carrying passengers2 nor shall baled cotton or hemp be carried on such steamers unless the bales are compactly pressed and thoroughly covered and secured in such manner as shall be prescribed by the regulations established by the board of supervising inspectors with the approval of the ,secretary of ,commerce2 nor shall gunpowder be carried on any such vessel except under special license2 nor shall oil of vitrol1 nitric or other chemical acids be carried on such steamers except on the decks or guards thereof or in such other safe part of the vessel as shall be prescribed by the inspectors4 ,refined petroleum1 which will not ignite at a temperature less than one hundred and ten degrees of ,fahrenheit thermometer1 may be carried on board such steamers upon routes where there is no other practicable mode of transporting it1 and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the board of supervising inspectors with the approval of the ,secretary of ,commerce2 and oil or spirits of turpentine may be carried on such steamers when put up in good metallic vessels or casks or barrels well and securely bound with iron and stowed in a secure part of the vessel2 and friction matches may be carried on such steamers when securely packed in strong1 tight chests or boxes1 the covers of which shall be well secured by locks1 screws1 or other reliable fastenings1 and stowed in a safe part of the vessel at a secure distance from any fire or heat4 ,all such other provisions shall be made on every steamer carrying passengers or freight1 to guard against and extinguish fire1 as shall be prescribed by the board of supervising inspectors and approved by the ,secretary of ,commerce4 ,nothing in the foregoing or following sections of this ,act shall prohibit the transportation by steam vessels of gasoline or any of the products of petroleum when carried by motor vehicles 7commonly known as automobiles7 using the same as a source of motive power3 ,provided1 however1 ,that all fire1 if any1 in such vehicles or automobiles be extinguished immediately after entering the said vessel1 and that the same be not relighted until immediately before said vehicle shall leave the vessel3 ,provided further1 ,that any owner1 master1 agent1 or other person having charge of passenger steam vessels shall have the right to refuse to transport automobile vehicles the tanks of which contain gasoline1 naphtha1 or other dangerous burning fluids4 7,mar4 #c1 #aije2 sec4 #h47 ,provided1 however1 ,that nothing in the provisions of this ,title shall prohibit the transportation by vessels not carrying passengers for hire1 of gasoline or any of the products of petroleum for use as a source of motive power for the motor boats or launches of such vessels4 7,may #bh1 #aijf47 ,provided further1 ,that nothing in the foregoing or following sections of this ,act shall prohibit the use1 by steam vessels carrying passengers for hire1 of lifeboats equipped with gasoline motors1 and tanks containing gasoline for the operation of said motor-driven lifeboats3 ,provided1 however1 ,that no gasoline shall be carried other than that in the tanks of the lifeboats3 ,provided further1 ,that the use of such lifeboats equipped with gasoline motors shall be under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the board of supervising inspectors with the approval of the ,secretary of ,commerce4 7,jan4 #bd1 #aiac47 ,provided1 however1 ,that nothing in the foregoing or following sections of this ,act shall prohibit the transportation and use by vessels carrying passengers or freight for hire of gasoline or any of the products of petroleum for the operation of engines to supply an auxiliary lighting and wireless system independent of the vessel's main power plant3 ,provided further1 ,that the transportation or use of such gasoline or any of the products of petroleum shall be under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors1 with the approval of the ,secretary of ,commerce4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddgb2 ,oct4 #bb1 #aiad47 ,every bale of cotton or hemp that shall be shipped or carried on any passenger-steamer1 without conforming to the provisions of the preceding section1 shall be subject to a penalty of five dollars1 and shall be liable to seizure and sale to secure the payment of such penalty4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddgc47 ,the ,secretary of ,commerce may grant permission to the owner of any steam vessel1 to use any invention or process for the utilization of petroleum or other mineral oils or substances in the production of motive-power1 and may make and enforce regulations concerning the application and use of the same for such purpose4 ,but no such permission shall be granted1 unless upon the certificate of the supervising inspector of steamboats for the district wherein such vessel is registered1 and other satisfactory proof that the use of the same is safe and efficient2 and upon such proof1 and the approval of such certificate by the ,secretary of ,commerce1 a special license for the use of such process or invention shall issue under the seal of the ,department of ,commerce4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddgd2 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijc2 sec4 #aj47 ,the ,secretary of ,commerce may permit the use of petroleum as fuel on steamers not carrying passengers1 without the certificate of the supervising inspector of the district where the vessel is to be used1 subject to such conditions and safeguards as the ,secretary of ,commerce in his judgment shall provide4 ,for a violation of any of the conditions imposed by the ,secretary of ,commerce a penalty of five hundred dollars shall be imposed1 which penalty shall be a lien upon the vessel1 but a bond may1 as provided in other cases1 be given to secure the satisfaction of the judgment4 7,oct4 #ah1 #ahhh2 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijc2 sec4 #aj47 ,provided further1 ,that when crude petroleum of a flash point not less than one hundred and fifty degrees ,fahrenheit1 is carried in the double-bottom fuel tanks of steamers using the same for fuel1 the crude petroleum carried in such tanks in excess of the necessities of the voyage may be discharged at terminal ports when no passengers are on board the ship4 ,crude petroleum carried and discharged under these conditions will not be considered stores or cargo within the contemplation of section forty-four hundred and seventy-two1 ,revised ,statutes of the ,united ,states4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddgd47 ,all gunpowder1 nitro-glycerine1 camphene1 naphtha1 benzine1 benzole1 coal-oil1 crude or refined petroleum1 oil of vitriol1 nitric or other chemical acids1 oil or spirits of turpentine1 friction-matches1 and all other articles of like character1 when packed or put up for shipment1 shall be securely packed and put up separately from each other and from all other articles2 and the package1 box1 cask1 or other vessel containing the same shall be distinctly marked on the outside1 with the name or description of the article contained therein4 ,it shall be unlawful to transport1 carry1 or convey1 liquid nitro-glycerine1 fulminate in bulk in dry condition1 or other like explosive1 between a place in a foreign country and a place within or subject to the jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 or between a place in one ,state1 ,territory1 or ,district of the ,united ,states1 or place noncontiguous to but subject to the jurisdiction thereof1 and a place in any other ,state1 ,territory1 or ,district of the ,united ,states1 or place noncontiguous to but subject to the jurisdiction thereof1 on any vessel or vehicle of any description operated by a common carrier in the transportation of passengers or articles of commerce by land or water4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddge47 ,every person who packs or puts up1 or causes to be packed or put up for shipment1 any gunpowder1 nitro-glycerine1 camphene1 naphtha1 benzine1 benzole1 coal oil1 crude or refined petroleum1 oil of vitriol1 nitric or other chemical acids1 oil or spirits of turpentine1 friction-matches1 or other articles of like character otherwise than as directed by the preceding section1 or who knowingly ships or attempts to ship the same1 or delivers the same to any such vessels as stores unless duly packed and marked1 shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 and punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars1 or imprisonment not exceeding eighteen months1 or both2 one-half of the fine to go to the informer1 and the articles to be liable to seizure and forfeiture4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddgf47 ,every package containing explosives or other dangerous articles when presented to a common carrier for shipment shall have plainly marked on the outside thereof the contents thereof2 and it shall be unlawful for any person to deliver1 or cause to be delivered1 to any common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign commerce by land or water1 for interstate or foreign transportation1 or to carry upon any vessel or vehicle engaged in interstate or foreign transportation1 any explosive1 or other dangerous article1 under any false or deceptive marking1 description1 invoice1 shipping order1 or other declaration1 or without informing the agent of such carrier of the true character thereof1 at or before the time such delivery or carriage is made4 ,whoever shall knowingly violate1 or cause to be violated1 any provision of this section1 or of the three sections last preceding1 or any regulation made by the ,interstate ,commerce ,commission in pursuance thereof1 shall be fined not more than two thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than eighteen months1 or both4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiji2 sec4 #bce2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecec1 #eced47 ,when the death or bodily injury of any person is caused by the explosion of any article named in the four sections last preceding1 while the same is being placed upon any vessel or vehicle to be transported in violation thereof1 or while the same is being so transported1 or while the same is being removed from such vessel or vehicle1 the person knowingly placing1 or aiding or permitting the placing1 of such articles upon any such vessel or vehicle1 to be so transported1 shall be imprisoned not more than ten years4 7,sec4 #bcf47 ,it shall be unlawful to transport1 carry1 or convey1 any dynamite1 gunpowder1 or other explosive1 between a place in a foreign country and a place within or subject to the jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 or between a place in any ,state1 ,territory1 or ,district of the ,united ,states1 or place noncontiguous to but subject to the jurisdiction thereof1 and a place in any other ,state1 ,territory1 or ,district of the ,united ,states1 or place noncontiguous to but subject to the jurisdiction thereof1 on any vessel or vehicle of any description operated by a common carrier1 which vessel or vehicle is carrying passengers for hire3 ,provided1 ,that it shall be lawful to transport on any such vessel or vehicle small arms ammunition in any quantity1 and such fuses1 torpedoes1 rockets1 or other signal devices1 as may be essential to promote safety in operation1 and properly packed and marked samples of explosives for laboratory examination1 not exceeding a net weight of one-half pound each1 and not exceeding twenty samples at one time in a single vessel or vehicle2 but such samples shall not be carried in that part of a vessel or vehicle which is intended for the transportation of passengers for hire3 ,provided further1 ,that nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the transportation of military or naval forces with their accompanying munitions of war on passenger equipment vessels or vehicles4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiji2 ,repeals ,r ,s41 #ecec and #eced2 sec4 #bcb47 ,the ,interstate ,commerce ,commission shall formulate regulations for the safe transportation of explosives1 which shall be binding upon all common carriers engaged in interstate or foreign commerce which transport explosives by land4 ,said commission1 of its own motion1 or upon application made by any interested party1 may make changes or modifications in such regulations1 made desirable by new information or altered conditions4 ,such regulations shall be in accord with the best known practicable means for securing safety in transit1 covering the packing1 marking1 loading1 handling while in transit1 and the precautions necessary to determine whether the material when offered is in proper condition to transport4 ,such regulations1 as well as all changes or modifications thereof1 shall take effect ninety days after their formulation and publication by said commission and shall be in effect until reversed1 set aside1 or modified4 7,sec4 #bcc2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecee47 ,it shall not be lawful to transport1 carry1 or convey1 ship1 deliver on board1 or cause to be delivered on board1 the substance or article known or designated as nitro-glycerine1 or glynoin oil1 nitroleum or blasting oil1 or nitrated oil1 or powder mixed with any such oil1 or fiber saturated with any such article1 or substance1 upon or in any vessel or vehicle used or employed in transporting passengers by land or water between a place in any foreign country and a place within the limits of any ,state1 ,territory1 or district of the ,united ,states1 or between a place in one ,state1 ,territory1 or district of the ,united ,states1 and a place in any other ,state1 ,territory1 or district thereof4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbgh47 ,it shall not be lawful to ship1 send1 or forward any quantity of the substances or articles named in the preceding section1 or to transport1 convey1 or carry the same by a vessel or vehicle of any description1 upon land or water1 between a place in a foreign country and a place within the ,united ,states1 or between a place in one ,state1 ,territory1 or district of the ,united ,states1 and a place in any other ,state ,territory1 or district thereof1 unless the same shall be securely enclosed1 deposited1 or packed in a metallic vessel surrounded by plaster of ,paris1 or other material that will be non-explosive when saturated with such oil or substance1 and separate from all other substances1 and the outside of the package containing the same be marked1 printed1 or labeled in a conspicuous manner with the words ,nitro-glycerine1 dangerous4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbgi47 ,the two preceding sections shall not be so construed as to prevent any ,state1 ,territory1 district1 city1 or town within the ,united ,states from regulating or from prohibiting the traffic in or transportation of those substances1 between persons or places lying or being within their respective territorial limits1 or from prohibiting the introduction thereof into such limits1 for sale1 use1 or consumption therein4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbhj47 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,the ,,chief ,,mate ,the ,chief ,officer of an ocean steamer is officially styled the ,chief ,mate4 ,also1 he is often referred to simply as the ,mate4 ,in passenger liners1 transports1 and the like1 the term ,chief ,officer1 finds favor4 ,but among men of the sea1 the fine old sailor title ,chief ,mate prevails4 ,the ,chief ,mate has the most difficult1 and in many ways1 the most important position on a vessel4 ,an energetic ,chief ,mate1 who is also competent1 makes his vessel a successful organization4 ,he should possess the necessary knowledge and skill in his profession1 combined with initiative1 tact1 and executive ability of a high order4 ,the position of ,chief ,mate is the test job of the sea4 ,an indifferent junior officer can survive for years1 but when he is appointed ,chief ,mate1 he must either make good1 and achieve promotion1 or his faults and shortcomings overtake him and ruin his career4 ,this is the hard screen through which the master mariners are sifted4 ,next to ,master4 ,the ,chief ,mate is next in authority to the ,master1 and acts in his place during his absence4 ,if the ,master dies while the vessel is at sea1 the ,chief ,mate assumes command1 and is vested with all of the authority and responsibilities of that station1 subject to the pleasure of the owners upon the arrival of the vessel in port4 ,he ,reports for ,duty4 ,upon receiving his appointment to a vessel as ,chief ,mate1 it is the duty of that officer to report on board and present his credentials to the ,master without delay4 ,he should be ready to take up his duties at once1 settling all of his private affairs before going on board4 ,he should carry out any special orders that the ,master may give4 ,vessel in the ,stream4 ,if the vessel is in the stream the new ,chief ,mate should note the following3 #a4 ,locate vessel on chart4 #b4 ,verify depth of water and character of bottom4 #c4 ,how much chain out--what anchor8 ,is chain locked on windlass1 or on riding chocks8 #d4 ,if moored1 either bow or stern1 inspect mooring wires2 trappings2 etc41 see to means for slipping and hauling in4 #e4 ,is the anchorage safe--at all times--at that season8 #f4 ,what weather--tide--current--sea1 may be expected8 #g4 ,examine windlass carefully--be certain you know how to work same at night4 #h4 ,look to compressors--capstans--and anchor davits1 if fitted4 #i4 ,look to hand gear--that brake beams1 bars1 and stoppers are handy1 and where located4 #aj4 ,look for fo'c'sle hose1 and connection4 ,be ready to flush off a chain covered with mud1 so there will be no delay when heaving in4 #aa4 ,look for docking telegraph--learn dial4 #ab4 ,have ,deck ,engineer and ,carpenter inspect the windlass with you1 get all the wrinkles you can about same4 #ac4 ,look for vessels near at hand4 ,is vessel clear of them when tide turns8 #ad4 ,is vessel loading or discharging8 #ae4 ,are lighters expected--which side--what cargo8 #af4 ,are cork fenders and skids ready8 #ag4 ,are heaving lines handy8 #ah4 ,are lines ready for the lighters8 #ai4 ,look after gangway and side ladders4 #bj4 ,are cargo clusters in order--where kept8 #ba4 ,are riding lights in order8 #bb4 ,has anchor watch been set8 #bc4 ,is a working and life boat swung out and ready for lowering without delay8 #bd4 ,if blowing1 have drift lead over side1 tend same1 and watch bearings4 ,vessel ,alongside4 ,if the vessel is alongside the new ,chief ,mate should note the following3 #a4 ,look after mooring lines4 #b4 ,are they adjusted to the rise and fall of tide8 #c4 ,are they free from chafe8 #d4 ,are they properly disposed--springs1 breasts1 bow and stern lines--this is an art4 ,can one watchman tend them8 #e4 ,do they all bear an equal stress--this is important with wire hawsers4 #f4 ,if near wooden warehouses--see if a wire fire warp has been led4 #g4 ,are the gangways safe8 #h4 ,if bow or stern projects beyond bulkhead line1 are lights ready8 #i4 ,if twin-screw vessel1 are propeller signs in place8 #aj4 ,is a gangway watch necessary--is it being kept8 #aa4 ,is the vessel discharging or loading--what--what holds--how near completed8 #ab4 ,what is the draft--forward and aft8 #ac4 ,how much water under her at low tide8 #ad4 ,is the berth fair or foul8 #ae4 ,telephone connection on dock4 ,number of ,police1 ,fire1 ,u4 ,s4 ,secret ,service4 #af4 ,locate water plugs on docks4 #ag4 ,are rat guards on lines8 ,are they needed8 ,in ,general4 #a4 ,ask for cargo diagrams--how kept--if loading4 #b4 ,are the working holds under supervision--by whom8 #c4 ,when will vessel be discharged--or ready to leave8 #d4 ,get reports from the junior officers--the boatswain and carpenter4 #e4 ,will she work at night8 #f4 ,are cargo clusters ready--length of cables--location of connections--are they in good order--where kept8 #g4 ,are the fire lines clear and in working order8 #h4 ,when was last fire drill held--inspect log8 #i4 ,inspect crew list--muster same4 #aj4 ,inspect station bill4 #aa4 ,inspect crew's quarters4 ,look for signs of intoxicating liquors--destroy any found4 #ab4 ,are bills of lading in order8 #ac4 ,look after cargo gear--stays--masts--booms--guys--pendant s--falls--whips-- gins--skids--cargo slings--cargo falls--cargo hooks--nets1 winches--etc4 #ad4 ,are hatch covers1 strong backs1 battens1 tarpaulins1 wedges1 etc41 ready and in good order8 #ae4 ,pay special attention to the flanges on the steel strongbacks--are they true8 #af4 ,get acquainted with the engineers and establish friendly relations--this is important4 #ag4 ,locate all sounding pipes--,have carpenter sound tanks and bilges and report4 ,,the ,,work ,,of ,,the ,,chief ,,mate ,having reported for duty1 and having seen to the matters outlined above--and a smart ,chief ,mate sees such things quickly1 for he must by that time have spent more than a dog watch in the ,merchant ,service--the new ,chief ,mate can intelligently carry on the work of his vessel4 ,different ,vessels4 ,differences in construction1 type1 tonnage1 and trade1 modify the size and kind of organization on board a steamer4 ,but in the main essentials1 the work of the ,chief ,mate should be fairly standard--he is charged with the supervision of everything that has to do with the work of the deck department4 ,crew4 ,the ,chief ,mate should study his junior officers and his crew4 ,he should at once check up the crew list2 see that the living quarters on board--including coal passers1 firemen1 and glory hole--are in a sanitary and ship shape condition4 ,he should see after everything having to do with the sanitary condition of the vessel4 ,wash rooms1 water closets1 showers1 lockers1 mess rooms1 etc4 ,all should be inspected daily4 ,station ,bill4 ,the ,chief ,mate should see that the ,station ,bill is properly made out1 and posted as required by law4 ,inventories4 ,the materials and tools of the deck department come under the immediate charge of the ,chief ,mate who should see that all inventories are correctly kept1 and that the stores list is properly posted up from time to time4 ,the correct list of unbroken ship's stores is very important1 and must be produced when the vessel enters the customs4 ,the following lists should be kept and checked under the supervision of the ,chief ,mate3 ,a4 ,mooring lines1 and hawsers--wire--manila--hemp4 ,b4 ,tarpaulins--awnings--sails--dodgers--si de screens--wind sails--ventilator covers--skylight covers--spare boat covers--mast covers1 etc41 ,c4 ,boatswain's stores1 rope1 gear1 tools1 etc4 ,d4 ,carpenter's stores1 tools1 lamps1 oils1 etc4 ,e4 ,paints--oils--turpentine--white lead--red lead--bitumastic--bottom composition--putty1 brushes1 graining tools1 etc41 etc4 ,f4 ,cargo gear--in use1 condition1 location1 etc4 ,spare gear--condition and where stowed4 ,g4 ,ship's navigating gear 7under care of ,second ,mate74 ,h4 ,coaling gear1 condition1 where stowed4 ,i4 ,life-saving equipment--boats1 rafts and their complete equipment4 ,when bread boxes were last filled--inspected1 when breakers were last filled1 etc4 ,life preservers--number--location--last inspected4 ,fire hose1 when supplied length1 and location of reels1 nozzles1 couplings1 reducers1 valves1 etc4 ,fire extinguishers1 kind--number--location--when charged last4 ,axes1 number--location4 ,buckets--number--location4 ,smoke helmets1 condition and where stowed4 ,extra tarpaulins4 ,also ring buoys1 rockets1 line-throwing gun1 spare lines1 projectiles1 powder charges--sewed in bunting bags1 and stowed in proper canister4 ,coston lights1 number--kind4 ,wave oil1 tanks and fittings4 ,j4 ,ship's signal gear--flags--rockets--etc4 7under charge of ,third ,mate74 ,,duties ,,in ,,port ,having familiarized himself with his vessel1 her complement1 equipment1 and stores1 the ,chief ,mate is ready to take up his duties with full knowledge of the situation4 ,the inspection of the vessel1 from stem to stern1 is a matter of some time and1 in a large steamer1 calls for repeated investigation4 ,every hole and tank and corner should be known to the ,chief ,mate1 its condition1 its contents1 and its use4 ,deck ,crew4 ,he must organize and supervise the routine work of the deck department of the vessel4 ,third ,mate--forward holds1 under immediate eye of ,chief ,mate4 ,second ,mate--after holds4 ,boatswain1 in active charge of crew at work on deck1 over the side1 and in holds4 ,carpenter1 at work about ship1 under orders from the ,chief ,mate4 ,quartermasters--gangway1 bridge1 and hold watches1 under junior officers4 ,in large steamers where extra watch officers1 junior officers and cadets1 or sub-junior officers are carried1 the ,chief ,mate usually has a clerk1 and his work is largely that of a general manager4 ,in such vessels the cargo1 mail1 baggage1 specie1 etc41 is handled through the purser1 or other officer1 and the ,chief ,mate devotes himself strictly to the management of the seamanship end of his department4 ,holds4 ,he must supervise the preparation of holds to receive cargo4 ,sweep clean4 ,dunnage on stringers4 ,limbers cleared--limber boards lifted4 ,bilges cleaned4 ,rose boxes cleared 7strainers--strum boxes74 ,ceiling in good condition4 ,cargo battens in good condition4 ,smothering lines in good condition1 ends clear4 ,sounding pipes not dented or bent out of shape1 ends free4--,brass screw plugs in place4 ',tween deck hatch covers1 strong backs1 etc41 in good order4 ',tween deck and hold electrical connections--in good order4 ,lift tank covers4 ,take-up tank manholes 7engineers74 ,examine cement in tanks4 ,see that stanchion brackets and shifting boards are ready for bulk cargoes1 such as grain4 ,see that sufficient dunnage is in each hold2 spruce planking1 and chocking pieces4 ,find out what kind of cargo is to be stowed4 ,see all hold ladders in good order--rungs all secure4 ,look for runs of rust1 under frames and stringers1 in wake of mast doublings1 under winch beds1 under deck in wake of shrouds4 ,examine all ports and dead lights in 'tween decks4 ,examine all side ports--cargo--coal4 ,all rust should be cleaned off and painted--red lead and pigment in linseed oil4 ,see all bulkhead doors tight and in working order4 ,spare propeller blades1 booms1 anchors1 hubs1 etc41 stowed below1 should be examined as to lashings and rust4 ,spare shafting usually carried in shaft tunnel1 under charge of ,chief ,engineer1 if in hold1 ,chief ,mates responsible for safety4 ,look to all wire lashings in the nips4 ,look for leaks in joints of shell plating abreast of hatches where drafts of cargo swing in against the side4 ,examine masts1 at doublings1 at the steps4 ,examine all fire lines and connections in holds and 'tween decks4 ,examine rivets under bed plates of winches4 ,examine framing under hatch coamings4 ,examine state of pillars and stanchions4 ,cargo ,gear4 ,the ,chief ,mate is charged with the proper use and upkeep of the cargo handling gear4 ,this includes everything except the steam winches1 and steam lines which are under the charge of the engineer department4 ,the ,chief ,mate should supervise and attend to the following--note condition and provide for proper maintenance3 ,masts--and all fittings1 viz4--collars--trucks--sheaves--links--s hrouds-- stays--and all equipment on masts1 whether cargo1 radio1 lights1 or lookout cages4 ,king posts--same as masts--re-cargo handling4 ,booms--goosenecks--bands--links--shackl es--sheaves--gins--guys--and cradles4 ,examine all shrouds and stays under the nips and thimbles4 ,examine all links--turnbuckles--bales--eye bolts--pins--cleats--etc41 for excessive wear1 or fracture4 ,if wind platforms are fitted see to all stanchions1 struts and brasses4 ,when heavy purchases are to be rove1 the ,chief ,mate should carefully supervise the preparation of the gear--preventers--lashings--etc4 ,see that winches are powerful enough to take the load safely4 ,see that booms are strong enough or are fished and reinforced where needed4 ,shore up weak goosenecks4 ,rig preventer guys--stays--etc4 ,leave nothing to chance--use new gear--know the weight to be lifted--be sure it will clear the hatch coamings--the bulwarks--take your time4 ,it takes ten times as long to clear away a wreck as to make the most careful preparation for lifting a heavy weight4 ,learn the way to run the winches1 their construction--lifting capacity--steam pressure on lines--how to drain after working in cold weather1 locate pet cocks--know when they are properly lubricated4 ,know as much as you can about steam and electrical deck machinery--7don't let your curiosity stop here--find out all you can about the main engines and boilers1 it is interesting74 ,see that cargo falls come to the winch drums without chafing at the heels of booms1 or other places4 ,winchmen and hatch tenders are often found working their hatches with booms at the wrong angle--be ready to correct this4 ,see that booms are properly plumbed when lifting heavy strongbacks from the guides1 or when attempting to ship them4 ,if in a roadstead1 vessel feeling the swell1 have guys and bull-ropes rove to steady strongbacks or other heavy weights lifted over the hatches4 ,examine all pins of gin blocks1 see that they are properly lubricated with plumbago4 ,when beginning to work cargo1 either in or out1 see that all slings1 nets1 falls1 are in good order and that sufficient have been supplied4 ,look after chain slings carefully in person1 this saves accidents--look at the hooks1 see that jaws have not been opened1 if so1 discard4 ,look after hatch boards and skids4 ,working ,cargo4 ,when the vessel is working cargo1 whether with crew or stevedores1 the ,chief ,mate is in responsible charge4 ,he is responsible for the good condition of the gear1 the proper stowage of the cargo1 and the lawful handling1 stowage1 and carriage of combustibles4 ,he should inform himself on this point4 ,whistle ,signals4 ,it is well1 when working cargo1 in cases where the ,chief ,mate takes active direction of operations1 such as taking in or discharging extra heavy weights1 to use a whistle signal when communicating with the winch and hatch men4 ,excessive singing out and undue noise of any kind indicates raw work and lack of real seamanship4 ,engages ,stevedores4 ,in many trades the ,chief ,mate engages the ,stevedores and keeps a record of their time4 ,care of ,cargo4 ,at the close of the working day the ,chief ,mate should see that the hatches are properly covered1 the tarpaulins laid smooth and in proper number1 and securely wedged1 with battens1 if necessary4 ,during the day1 or at any time while the hatches are open while working cargo1 or otherwise1 if rain is impending1 the ,chief ,mate should use his judgment about covering hatches in which perishable cargo is exposed4 ,he should also keep an eye on lighters alongside1 and see that the lightermen cover their cargoes in plenty of time4 ,scuppers1 outboard discharge pipes1 as from the circulating pump1 should be considered when lighters carrying perishable cargo are alongside4 ,it is difficult often to establish the truth in regard to claims for damaged cargo1 and blame often attaches to the ship1 with resulting loss to the owners4 ,this is often the case abroad--lightermen and consignees are often of the same nationality--great care in safeguarding the interests of the owners and the shippers is necessary4 ,duty to ,cargo4 ,the ,chief ,mate who establishes a record for the care of cargo stamps himself as a man of reliable qualities--one who is bound to gain the confidence of his superiors and owners4 ,too much attention cannot be paid to this important part of the duty of a sea officer in the ,merchant ,service4 ,the duty to cargo is a trust that should be impressed upon the minds of all members of the crew4 ,many officers1 in charge of cargo work1 look upon this part of their duty as a necessary nuisance--something to be bothered with as little as possible4 ,on the other hand1 an alert officer can prevent damage1 and consequent loss to owners1 amounting to more than his salary on every voyage4 ,the ,chief ,mate should so regulate the hold duty1 that the junior officers can relieve each other1 and get the maximum amount of liberty4 ,in ships so conducted1 officers do not mind attending to business while on duty4 ,where hold duty is conducted on the chain gang system--all work and no leave--the owners suffer2 so does the reputation of the ,chief ,mate4 ,pilfering of ,cargo4 ,in many trades pilfering from the cargo has become a science4 ,wine casks are sprung out of true and the contents made away with1 hoops are knocked loose and holes are drilled4 ,in ports where the junk boat nuisance still prevails1 vessels working cargo of all kinds are the victims of wholesale thievery4 ,this sort of thing can only be stopped by vigilant supervision on the part of the officers of the vessel4 ,only reliable men should be put in the holds as watchmen4 ,offenders who are caught should be prosecuted--not merely discharged4 ,the broaching of cargo by the crew is a serious offense4 ,the loss must be made good1 and the offender may be sentenced to a year in jail4 ,accidents2 ,damage to ,cargo4 ,accidents resulting in loss of cargo1 or damage to same due to the fault of the vessel's tackle1 due to rain1 washing of the ship's decks1 discharge through leaking scuppers1 are blamable to the ,chief ,mate and through him to the ,master and owners of the vessel4 ,stowage of ,cargo4 ,when stowing or discharging cargo the ,chief ,mate should keep in mind the trim and stability of the vessel4 ,when any question as to her seaworthy condition arises1 he should report the fact to the ,master without delay4 ,freeboard4 ,the freeboard in ,american steamers is fixed by rules of the underwriters4 ,the load line should not be submerged 7except in fresh water1 when the vessel is to go out in salt water4 ,the ,chief ,mate should know the rule governing loading for a salt water voyage in a fresh water port74 ,cargo ,diagrams4 ,in taking aboard cargo to be delivered at a number of different ports1 the hold diagrams are very important4 ,such diagrams of cargo stowage should be prepared by the officer in charge of the holds and submitted to the ,chief ,mate for approval4 ,invoices2 ,bills of ,lading4 ,the ,chief ,mate receipts for all consignments of cargo1 when same is delivered on board in ports abroad1 or where no provision is made for handling such details by the freight department of the company4 ,in the tramp this duty is almost always placed upon the ,chief ,mate4 ,he is responsible for the accuracy of his receipts1 and that cargo signed for is in good condition and as represented--marks--numbers--etc41 before allowing same to be stowed4 ,cargoes are usually accepted or rejected by the ,mate on his own responsibility4 7,a case in point where sugar1 in bags1 was brought alongside on a lighter1 all nicely stacked4 ,best bags on top tier4 ,this sugar had been wet with salt water--and was rejected on inspection by tasting the bags of the second tier47 ,ventilation of ,cargo4 ,the ,master is held responsible for the proper ventilation of cargo4 ,this responsibility is of course delegated to the ,chief ,mate who personally is accountable to the ,master for the careful carrying out of this requirement4 ,kinds of ,cargo4 ,cargoes are generally classified as ,measurement and ,dead ,weight cargoes4 ,most cargoes are ,general or mixed4 ,then of course there are fluid cargoes1 carried in bulk in tankers4 ,the ,chief ,mate who knows his business1 will have mastered the various kinks that go with the stowage and discharging of many kinds of cargo4 ,it is only possible here to indicate1 in a brief fashion1 the things the ,chief ,mate should look after and know about4 ,coal ,cargo4 ,the ,chief ,mate should see that stowage is not commenced until the hold has been properly prepared4 ,see that steel masts are carefully sealed1 at the heel1 that there is no up take for gases1 in the event of fire4 ,see that every possible point of up take is stopped off4 ,see that shifting boards are firmly secured4 ,that pillars and stanchions are secure1 if they have been replaced1 and that the hold1 if length of passage warrants1 is fitted with a gas pipe1 plugged at bottom end1 for lowering a thermometer into the body of the cargo4 ,temperatures should be taken at least every watch4 ,ventilation4 ,ventilation1 on the surface of the coal1 is very necessary4 ,two ventilators1 at least1 for each hold2 an intake and an uptake 7uptake to windward74 ,wet ,coal4 ,wet coal is dangerous--it is specially subject to spontaneous combustion4 ,trimming4 ,in loading coal cargo1 where nothing else is taken1 the trim of the vessel should be carefully watched by the ,chief ,mate1 and the trimmers directed in their work so that no subsequent trimming is required after the cargo is all on board4 ,many kinds of coal sift down and flow easily--this should be kept in mind4 ,ore ,cargo4 ,vessels carrying ore are usually designed for that particular trade4 ,where ore is to be carried in the usual type of freighter1 special care must be taken to fit the required trunks and shifting boards4 ,heavy ore carried in the lower holds is liable to make a vessel crank1 and the ,chief ,mate should see that means are provided for the lifting up of the weights1 and the proper distribution1 fore and aft4 ,the usual plan1 in a vessel with four holds1 is to fill ,no4 #b and ,no4 #c1 and trim with ,no4 #a and ,no4 #d4 ,this keeps the cargo high amidships1 and eases the vessel in a seaway4 ,wooden ,steamers4 ,the shipment of ore cargoes in vessels of weak construction1 should not be attempted unless the movement of the ore cannot be accomplished in any other way4 ,the wooden steamers1 built as an emergency measure1 are a case in point4 ,the highest skill in loading1 stowage and handling will be required for these vessels4 ,grain ,cargo4 ,the carriage of grain cargo calls for special precautions to prevent shifting4 ,the ,british ,board of ,trade and the underwriters have made special rules for the stowage of such cargoes4 ,the ,chief ,mate should inform himself of these rules as a part of his stock of knowledge4 ,cotton ,cargo4 ,the danger to fire when loading a cotton cargo is great and every precaution should be taken4 ,smoking1 which should never be permitted in the holds or about the hatches at any time1 should be specially guarded against when loading cotton4 ,care should be taken that no sparks from the funnels1 from passing or nearby tugboats1 or from steam boilers on the wharf1 find their way into the hatches4 ,have the fire lines connected up at all times and have the steam on the smothering lines4 ,steam is the best agent for smothering a cotton fire4 ,if a fire starts do not wet down the decks or side plating4 ,this may get very hot1 but do not play cold water on it4 ,strains would be set up in the plating or deck that might seriously injure it4 ,keep all oil cans1 oily waste1 paint1 paint pots or paint rags and brushes away from the cotton4 ,keep all ventilator cowls closed1 to prevent sparks finding their way into the cargo4 ,when hatches are closed down at night1 or when battening down for sea1 the ,chief ,mate should have an officer make certain that no fire is present in the holds4 ,all electrical conduits through the holds and 'tween decks should be carefully inspected before loading a cotton cargo4 ,smoke ,helmets4 ,the smoke helmets should be handy and in order4 ,frozen ,cargo4 ,vessels carrying frozen cargo are lined and insulated in the holds prepared for this sort of stowage4 ,all steel work should be covered1 on account of the high conductivity of the metal4 ,the insulating materials are usually granulated cork1 charcoal1 silicate cotton1 or sawdust4 ,felt and cow hair is also used4 ,dead air1 if properly confined1 is an excellent insulating medium4 ,care should be taken to avoid and detect fire in the insulating material1 due to spontaneous combustion4 ,the ,chief ,mate should be familiar with the system of refrigeration used--cold-air--dry-air--ammonia--carbon ic-anhydride--etc4 ,in some systems the air is chilled in the holds by piping1 in others the air is drawn from the holds to a chilling chamber and pumped back with the required degree of cold4 ,chilled ,beef4 ,chilled beef is usually shipped in quarters1 and must be suspended from the deck above by chains and hooks4 ,frozen ,mutton4 ,mutton is usually shipped in carcases1 frozen stiff and stowed one on top of another4 ,being hollow1 the interstices provide space for the circulation of cold air4 ,about #ae degrees ,fahrenheit should be maintained in the hold4 ,general ,cargo4 ,every general cargo is a rule unto itself4 ,the ,chief ,mate who knows his business will see to the proper stowage4 ,this is the cargo that demands care as to hold diagrams4 ,the following points are recommended for consideration3 ,keep perishable goods clear of the steel framing4 ,cargo liable to leakage should be stowed low4 ,cargo liable to damage from heat should be kept clear of engine-room bulkheads1 steam lines1 and not stowed close under upper deck when in hot weather trades4 ,casks1 bung up and bilge free4 ,stow from amidships to wings and ends of hold4 ,use four beds for each cask4 ,casks1 second tier--stow bilge and cutline4 ,barrels1 hogsheads1 etc4 7#fc gals47 eight heights4 ,puncheons 7#hd gals47 four heights4 ,pipes1 butts1 7#abf gals47 three tiers4 ,always stow barrels1 wet or dry1 with head pieces vertical4 ,stow with marks up and out4 ,acids1 on deck4 ,oilskins1 on deck4 ,matches1 on deck4 ,hay1 on deck4 ,heavy1 well-boxed cargo1 low4 ,light crates1 on top4 ,railroad iron1 grating fashion4 ,dunnage1 if needed1 #aj inches on floors1 #ae inches in bilges4 ,cargo ports1 if fitted1 blocked off with dunnage4 ,care should be taken to stow liquors1 canned goods1 and things easily broken open1 in parts of the hold and 'tween decks where they can be easily blocked off by less tempting cargo4 ,special ,cargoes4 ,cargoes of chemicals1 fruit1 guano1 jute1 and the like1 will require special care and consideration4 ,the deck officers of a merchant vessel will do well if they keep and compare notes on matters such as these4 ,a vast amount of information having to do with the important function of moving the products of the world is going begging for the want of suitable recording4 ,such knowledge carries with it the possibility for great saving4 ,merchant mariners1 owners1 and naval designers take notice4 ,the cargo note book is an important part of the baggage of an officer4 ,munitions4 ,cargoes under the general heading of munitions call for the most careful handling4 ,it is well for the ,chief ,mate to know just what is being stowed1 and where4 ,this knowledge should be of use in exercising increased care in the management and handling of the vessel4 ,the ,halifax disaster is a case in point4 ,cost ,data4 ,the ,chief ,mate who is on his job should keep cost data on stevedoring1 and in fact on most operations performed on board ship4 ,he should know how many men can work a hatch effectively1 and what their pay is1 and how much cargo they can stow1 say in tons 7#b1jjj lbs47 per working day3 ,cost data resolves itself into this4 ,amount of work done--any unit2 tons of cargo--sq4 ft4 of paint4 ,number of men--and pay3 ,hatchmen at 4#jj per hour4 ,holdmen at 4#jj per hour4 ,lightermen or truckers at 4#jj per hour4 ,checkers--tally men at 4#jj per hour4 ,time required to do the work4 ,kind of cargo stowed4 ,port4 ,remarks--weather--sea--etc4 ,cost data1 actually kept1 often is the foundation for important work later on as superintendent and manager4 ,keeping cost data is a good way to relieve the monotony of supervising stevedores--it results in a note book of considerable value4 ,live ,stock4 ,vessels carrying live stock present added problems for the consideration of the ,chief ,mate4 ,he should see to the proper organization of the cattlemen1 their attention to duty1 etc4 ,the ,chief ,mate should be familiar with the laws relating to the carriage of live stock on passenger vessels4 ,horse slings should be provided for valuable animals4 ,other cattle taken aboard in the stream are often slung on board by the horns alone4 ,valuable horses should be placed in padded boxes1 placed athwartships1 and same fitted with slings under the bellies of the animals4 ,passengers4 ,passengers are usually the special care of the ,purser and ,steward4 ,the ,chief ,mate1 however1 should so organize the work of the ship that there is as little interference with the passengers as possible4 ,the ,second ,mate1 is usually delegated as baggage officer and has charge of the stowage and breaking out of this special cargo4 ,tank ,steamers4 ,tank steamers1 like everything else1 are undergoing changes in design1 and each vessel requires special study on the part of the officers4 ,the ,chief ,mate should be familiar with the system of piping and the handling of the same4 ,he should study the pipe diagrams and trace out the lead and use of everything for his own information4 ,there are many things in tank steamers not common to the regular run of sea carriers4 ,the hose connections1 the method of trimming1 the use of summer tanks1 the expansion trunks1 and the many wrinkles having to do with the care and management of tankers4 ,when going into dry dock1 be sure and see that all tanks are gas free before lights or red hot rivets are introduced4 ,this is done by steaming them out1 by blowing air through them1 and by filling with water and pumping same out1 the oil in the water1 which should be overflowing1 will run off first4 ,the officer who is going into tank steamers1 or is in that service is advised to get a small pamphlet by ,mr4 ,herbert ,john ,white1 a ,british ,merchant ,marine officer1 called ,,oil ,,tank ,,steamers1 published by ,james ,brown and ,son1 ,glasgow1 and for sale in ,new ,york by ,d4 ,van ,nostrand ,company 7price #a4jj74 ,this is a very clear and practical manual for the use of tank steamer officers--one of the best books of its kind4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,the ,,chief ,,mate 7,continued7 ,receiving ,stores4 ,all stores delivered to the vessel should be received by the officer of the deck4 ,the ,chief ,mate should provide for the proper receipt and the proper entries either in a log book or in a stores receipt book4 ,everything should be checked1 weighed1 and measured4 ,this should be the basis for the approval of bills from supply houses1 etc4 ,keys4 ,the key board of a vessel should be the direct charge of the ,chief ,mate1 delegated1 if necessary1 but he should see that the keys are kept in order1 properly marked1 and only in the possession of those entitled to have them in charge4 ,receipts should be given for all keys drawn from the key board4 ,master ,keys4 ,the master keys should be in the possession of the ,chief ,mate1 and of the ,master4 ,when the ,chief ,mate goes ashore1 the master keys should be left with the officer in charge of the ship during his absence4 ,the key board is a fair indication of the efficiency of a vessel4 ,harbor ,regulations4 ,all harbor regulations should be observed4 ,it is the duty of the ,chief ,mate to acquaint himself with these rules and see that the vessel and the crew abide by them4 ,turning ,to4 ,the time when men turn to and knock off1 while in harbor1 should be regulated by the ,chief ,mate1 subject to companies' rules1 customs1 etc4 ,it is well to abide strictly to these rules1 but when the safety of the vessel1 or the necessities of work require it1 extra work may be demanded by the ,chief ,mate4 ,in the point of work in port1 and at sea1 for that matter1 working conditions are now bound up in agreements between companies and seamen's unions4 ,much of this is necessary and was brought about by abuses practiced upon seamen in days past4 ,the ,chief ,mate who gives his crew a right deal1 and knows how to handle and take care of his men1 never has any trouble in getting work done after hours4 ,the answer is be human--also just and firm--no sailor has any use for a jelly fish officer4 ,upkeep4 ,the work in port is usually confined to washing down1 cleaning up after the stevedores1 preparing holds for cargo1 painting over the side1 painting the boot-topping when the vessel is light1 and cleaning up after coaling4 ,at this time the steering gear and steering engine should be looked after1 cleaned up and overhauled4 ,wooden decks should be washed down every morning1 as at sea1 especially if in a warm port4 ,cover the ends of mooring lines1 to keep out dirt and grit2 stow superfluous lines below--but handy--this keeps them away from harm1 and the junk boats4 ,unscrew and stow away all brass fittings--when in ports where these things can be disposed of--in most ports where the vessel lies at an unwatched wharf4 ,all persons leaving the vessel with packages1 and suit cases--unless officers or officials--should show contents to the gangway watch4 ,no one should be allowed on the bridge or bridge deck1 unless there on business4 ,fire ,hoses1 ,axes1 ,buckets1 ,extinguishers1 etc4 ,the ,chief ,mate is charged with the care and working order of the fire-fighting equipment of the vessel4 ,fire drills must be held as required by law4 ,life-saving ,equipment4 ,the ,chief ,mate must pay special attention to the condition and readiness of the life boats1 and their equipment3 ,life boats4 ,life rafts4 ,life belts4 ,ring buoys4 ,water lights4 ,storm-oil tanks4 ,he should see that the bread tins1 after each inspection1 are tightly screwed down1 or the contents may spoil1 or be unfit at the next inspection by the ,u4 ,s4 ,steamboat ,inspectors4 ,the list of required boat equipment is a long one and should be carefully complied with4 ,the rockets and line-throwing gun should be kept in good order1 lines and projectiles handy2 charges measured out and sewed in proper bags and kept in a copper canister4 ,the boat-launching equipment must be kept in perfect working condition1 davits1 strongbacks1 gripes and falls4 ,the required tubs must be provided and the boat falls coiled in them1 clear for running4 ,the ,chief ,mate must organize and carry out the required drills4 ,after all drills--see everything secured--hoses dried out1 extinguishers recharged--if used1 axes1 life belts1 ring buoys1 life preservers1 etc4 stowed4 ,ground ,tackle4 ,the ,chief ,mate is charged with the good order and upkeep of the ground tackle4 ,he should look after3 ,anchors4 ,chain4 ,riding chocks4 ,shackles4 ,pins4 ,forelocks4 ,markings 7by turns of wire on studs71 paint shackles white1 as an aid in noting run of chain at night4 ,chain compressors4 ,stoppers4 ,chain should be ranged when in dry dock1 if time permits1 and locker cleaned out and painted4 ,see that ends of the chains are lashed at the top of the chain locker4 ,the kedges and stream anchors should be where they can be got at4 ,see that the necessary gear for getting them out is ready and stowed handy for use4 ,the windlass is in charge of the engineers4 ,the ,chief ,mate should understand its working1 and the ,carpenter should also understand it in every detail4 ,see that the hand gear is in order and can be worked by the crew4 ,it is a good plan to try this out when opportunity offers4 ,when the emergency comes there is little time to drill4 ,when ,coming to ,anchor1 or ,heaving ,in4 ,the ,chief ,mate takes his station on the f'c'sle head4 ,he is in charge of the ground tackle4 ,anchoring4 ,report when anchors are ready to let go4 ,when anchor has been let go1 report chain out as the shackles come through the hawse4 ,when the anchor is down1 report chain out4 ,trend of chain1 etc4 ,heaving in4 ,report ,short ,stay4 ,report the shackles as they come to the water4 ,report ,anchor aweigh4 ,report ,anchor in sight--clear1 or foul anchor4 ,report anchor secured4 ,report both anchors ready for letting go4 ,a smart ,chief ,mate manages his work on the f'c'sle head without any unnecessary singing out4 ,in large ships the telegraph or whistle1 or hand signals are used between the ,master on the bridge and the ,chief ,mate4 ,the trend of the chain1 when heaving in1 should be indicated to the bridge by direction of the hand4 ,if heaving in in a tide way1 this information is important1 and the engines are used to assist in breaking out1 while the vessel is given a proper sheer with the helm4 ,coming ,alongside4 ,as in coming to anchor1 the ,chief ,mate's station is on the forecastle head4 ,he directs the handling of the vessel's forward lines1 the operation of the capstans1 etc4 ,the ,carpenter1 ,boatswain1 and about half of the deck crew should be assigned to this end of the vessel4 ,see all side ports closed or clear above string piece3 ,boats swung in if necessary1 etc4 ,the ,chief ,mate carries out lines1 and handles the warps and springs as directed by the ,master1 from the bridge4 ,as little calling out of orders as possible should be indulged in4 ,where both ,mate and ,master understand their business1 the coming alongside is a mere matter of detail and works without a hitch4 ,where tugs are used1 the ,chief ,mate should direct the taking of lines1 but the tugs receive their instructions direct from the bridge4 ,study of tide1 wind1 and local conditions1 as well as knowledge of the vessel herself1 aid in smoothness in the performance of this evolution4 ,have handy1 heaving lines1 cork fenders1 and if necessary have a running boat and crew ready to carry out the lines to the wharf4 ,send men on the wharf rather than trust to help from casual loiterers4 ,when ,alongside4 ,when alongside1 see proper spring lines led so that vessel can be shifted fore and aft as may be necessary in the working of the cargo4 ,the proper mooring of the vessel is in charge of the ,chief ,mate4 ,he should satisfy himself that she is safe1 that the lines are disposed in the best possible way1 free from chafe1 and that the vessel will lie without binding when at high water4 ,rat ,guards4 ,where necessary1 see that rat guards are placed on all lines without delay4 ,in making fast1 the ,chief ,mate should inform himself of the best position of the ship for unloading or loading4 ,the location of the doors1 if the wharf is covered1 with respect to the hatches4 ,the location of chutes1 water plugs1 etc4 ,if lighters are to come in between the vessel and the wharf1 means should be at hand for breasting off1 and for providing a gangway during this operation4 ,the ,chief ,mate must plan ahead1 think of what is needed1 and provide for it4 ,he must keep such problems to himself and not bother the ,master4 ,overhang of the vessel's bow or stern at the off-shore end of a wharf or pier should be considered2 lights provided1 fenders handy1 and extra breasts1 and bow or stern lines led for safety4 ,coaling4 ,the operation of coaling differs greatly in different ports and in different vessels4 ,the handling of the vessel and the rigging and care of the coaling gear is a part of the duty of the deck department and is under the supervision of the ,chief ,mate4 ,in ports where gangways are led to the wharf1 or stages swung over side and the coal passed up in baskets1 or carried up by the shore gang1 the problem is simple4 ,in ports like ,coronel1 ,chile1 where vessels lie in the stream and hoist the coal up in canvas slings1 considerable care should be given to the gear and the leads to the deck winches4 ,coaling ship is a partnership affair1 and harmonious working between the deck and engineers is essential4 ,where the vessel lies under chutes1 the trimming and supervision of same is up to the black squad1 and a great deal of trouble is saved if this is done carefully4 ,where necessary see that spars or camels are ranged alongside to give the vessel the required distance from the chutes--this applies to small steamers with comparatively narrow beam4 ,watch the mooring lines when coaling under the chutes--take in the slack as necessary4 ,entering ,dry ,dock4 ,when a vessel is about to enter a dry dock the heads of the various departments should be notified in time1 and should be informed of the probable length of stay in the dock4 ,also notify ,u4 ,s4 ,local ,inspectors that vessel will go in dock and bottom can be examined4 ,all refuse should be put ashore1 and provision made for taking care of any that may accumulate while on the dock4 ,see that necessary lines1 fenders1 ladders1 etc41 are handy4 ,prepare to do the work that is necessary on board ship1 and best done while the vessel is dry1 viz41 ,paint scuppers2 hose reels4 ,range cables on floor of dock1 overhaul same4 ,clean and paint or bitumastic the chain lockers4 ,have windlass overhauled4 ,paint funnels2 cargo booms1 king posts1 etc4 ,paint and overhaul boats4 ,as the crew of a merchantman is not any too large1 only work that can be thoroughly done while in dock should be attempted4 ,blue ,prints4 ,the blue prints of the docking plan should be delivered to the dock master4 ,all assistance should be rendered to the dock master1 and his instructions carefully complied with4 ,if entering a graving dock1 men will be needed to handle the wale shores4 ,if entering a floating dock the vessel will rest squarely upon her bottom4 ,straight stemmed vessels can best be placed on an absolutely level keel by swinging a hand lead over the stem2 the ,chief ,mate should see to this4 ,all closets1 drains1 and drip pipes should be shut off4 ,when the dock is dry the ,chief ,mate should make a careful inspection of the bottom4 ,if it is intended to drain the tanks2 double bottoms1 peaks1 etc41 the carpenter should remove the necessary plugs4 ,as soon as the draining is completed these should be replaced and the ,chief ,mate should see that they have been replaced properly by personal inspection4 ,he should see that the plugs are not wooden plugs--this has been done4 ,while the vessel is in dry dock1 aside from any extraordinary repairs that may be made1 the following matters should be looked after3 ,bottom cleaned and examined4 ,note fouling and state of previous coatings1 and when last applied4 ,note corrosion and damage4 ,outboard valves should be examined and reground when necessary4 ,rudder pintles and gudgeons should be carefully examined4 ,rudder lifted1 and repairs made if necessary4 ,stuffing boxes and valves of the rudder should be repacked4 ,look for corrosion along the butts of shell plating4 ,look for corroded rivets2 such rivets should be removed and new ones driven4 ,look after all zincs at the stern frames1 valve openings1 and at the propellers4 ,examine struts1 propeller shafting1 brackets1 etc4 ,painting4 ,it is essential that the bottom be dry before applying the anti-fouling paints4 ,it should also be clean and the paint should be well stirred before being taken in the individual buckets of the painters4 ,all metal but the zincs and the bronze propellers should be covered4 ,waterline4 ,the waterline should be properly struck2 nothing looks worse--except perhaps a camouflaged tramp--than a vessel with a slovenly line to her boot top4 ,the correct and neat painting of the draft numerals on stem and stern should be seen to4 ,docking ,notes4 ,it is well for the ,chief ,mate to keep docking notes1 these will come in very handy later on4 ,seeing a vessel out of water is vastly different from merely inspecting her blue prints4 ,if ,vessel ,has ,grounded4 ,if the vessel has grounded before going on the dock1 the greatest care should be taken in her inspection4 ,the bottom should be sighted2 the cement on the tank bottoms and in the bilges should be examined for cracks4 ,the dock master should be consulted before weights of any kind are shifted while the vessel is on the blocks4 ,duties of ,chief ,mate at ,sea4 ,the duties of the ,chief ,mate1 while the vessel is at sea1 depend upon the size and organization of the ship4 ,if a large vessel1 he does not stand a bridge watch1 but devotes his entire time to the management of the deck department of the vessel4 ,he is on duty all the time1 but turns in at night1 much the same as the ,master4 ,in most vessels the ,chief ,mate stands a watch1 usually the four to eight4 ,this enables him to oversee things from the bridge1 which he should never leave1 and it gives him some time after breakfast to look over the vessel and outline the work of the boatswain4 ,the duties of the watch1 the navigation1 and lookout1 are much the same for all officers1 and will be dealt with under the chapter on the ,officer of the ,watch4 ,at sea the routine of keeping the vessel clean1 of attending to the upkeep of hull and gear1 and of looking after the ventilation of the cargo1 is largely a matter of the particular trade in which she is engaged4 ,a vessel jumping from port to port1 with her booms up and down twice a week1 presents a different problem from the vessel that keeps at sea a week or two at a time4 ,the weather1 the kind of cargo1 the fact that passengers are carried or not1 all tend to modify and direct the progress of work on board4 ,before the ,panama ,canal was built1 cargo vessels trading from the ,atlantic ,coast to the ,west ,coast and the ,hawaiian ,islands1 carried out a routine at sea as comfortable and settled as that of a sailing ship4 ,weather and time were in their favor and the maximum amount of painting and overhauling of gear could be attended to between ports4 ,so far as duty1 aside from keeping watch is concerned1 the ,chief ,mate should look after the following3 ,have temperature of holds taken twice a day--coal cargo every watch4 ,arrange for inspection and ventilation as weather permits4 ,carry on all work with as little interference as possible1 when passengers are on board4 ,take into consideration the weather1 when about to start painting4 ,always clean all surfaces before applying paint4 ,see a daily washdown of all wooden decks4 ,keep all canvas dodgers and screens scrupulously white4 ,under him the boatswain carries on the work as outlined4 ,boat drills1 fire drill1 etc41 are carried out under his direction while at sea and duly entered in the log4 ,the ,chief ,mate should see that all necessary assistance is given to the officer of the watch--when he stands days duty--in matters of taking soundings1 turning ventilators1 setting and taking in awnings1 heaving the deep sea lead1 etc4 ,where the ,chief ,mate stands his watch1 the watch officer on duty during a day watch is technically in full charge1 and gives his orders direct4 ,cooperation4 ,the ,chief ,mate should manage his department so that he will obtain the cooperation of the heads of all other departments in the vessel1 ,chief ,engineer1 ,purser1 ,doctor1 ,chief ,steward1 all should be in harmony4 ,a thorough understanding of the work and needs of these officers helps toward the smooth working of a ship4 ,conclusion4 ,from the foregoing1 it will be seen that the ,chief ,mate who attends to his duty in every detail is a very busy officer4 ,it will also be noted that he is not called upon to handle the hose while washing down 7,i have seen this done71 to juggle paint brushes1 or sew a seam4 ,the ,chief ,mate must first of all be a sailor--he must know how--his orders can only be successfully enforced when backed up by the knowledge and experience that tell him when things are going right or wrong4 ,the dignity and power of command come to the sea officer who is fully competent and alive to the high responsibilities of his calling4 ,much of his duty can be delegated--its responsibility1 however1 always rests with him4 ,the ,chief ,mate who respects his billet1 who respects the work and the rights of those under him1 and who makes them respect the ship and himself1 in turn1 may well feel satisfied4 ,he has something concrete1 something definite1 and worth while2 he has his vessel to be proud of1 and to reflect credit upon himself and his service4 ,such an officer is a gentlemen in the finest sense of the word--with all of his duties1 and they are many--he will find time to cultivate ideals and expand his soul4 ,the prize of command will soon be his1 and then he can look forward to years of satisfying service as ,master4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,rules ,,of ,,the ,u4 ,s4 ,,supervising ,,inspectors ,,relating ,,to ,,lifesaving ,,life ,,boats ,the capacity of lifeboats shall hereafter be determined by an allowance of #ae cubic feet for each person carried4 ,equipment for lifeboats4 ,all lifeboats on ocean steam vessels shall be equipped as follows3 ,a properly secured life line the entire length on each side1 festooned in bights not longer than #c feet1 with a seine float in each bight4 ,one painter of manila rope of not less than #b inches in circumference and of suitable length4 ,a full complement of oars and two spare oars4 ,one set and a half of thole pins or rowlocks attached to the boat with separate chains4 ,one steering oar with rowlock or becket and one rudder with tiller or yoke and yoke lines4 ,one boat hook attached to a staff of suitable length4 ,two life preservers4 ,two hatchets4 ,one galvanized-iron bucket with lanyard attached4 ,one bailer4 ,where automatic plugs are not provided there shall be two plugs secured with chains for each drain hole4 ,one efficient liquid compass with not less than a #b-;inch card4 ,one lantern containing sufficient oil to burn at least nine hours and ready for immediate use4 ,one can containing one gallon of illuminating oil4 ,one box of friction-matches wrapped in a waterproof package and carried in a box secured to the underside of the stern thwart4 ,a wooden breaker or suitable tank fitted with a siphon1 pump1 or spigot for drawing water1 and containing at least #a quart of water for each person4 ,two enameled drinking cups4 ,a water-tight receptacle containing #b pounds avoirdupois of provisions for each person4 ,these provisions may be hard bread or ,united ,states ,army ration4 ,the receptacle shall be of metal1 fitted with an opening in the top not less than #e inches in diameter1 properly protected by a screw cap made of heavy cast brass1 with machine thread and an attached double toggle1 seating to a pliable rubber gasket1 which shall insure a tight joint1 in order to properly protect the contents of the can4 ,one canvas bag containing sailmaker's palm and needles1 sail twine1 marline1 and marline spike4 ,a water-tight metal case containing #ab self-igniting red lights capable of burning at least two minutes4 ,a sea anchor4 ,a vessel containing #a gallon of vegetable or animal oil1 so constructed that the oil can be easily distributed on the water and so arranged that it can be attached to the sea anchor4 ,in addition to the equipment already required in lifeboats1 there shall be provided a hand pump with a plunger of not less than #b inches in diameter1 and a discharge pipe of sufficient length to reach clear of the boat's side4 ,steam vessels carrying passengers and which enter the ,war ,zone shall have each and every lifeboat which is carried under davits equipped with mast and sail and proper gear for same1 as required by this section4 ,food or provisions to be carried in lifeboats4 ,the food or provisions required to be carried in lifeboats may be hard bread or the ,united ,states ,army ,emergency ,ration4 ,food which produces unusual or immoderate thirst1 such as corned beef1 salt fish1 etc41 will not be allowed1 under any circumstances1 as lifeboat provisions4 ,when hard bread only is carried in the lifeboat1 there must be provided in addition thereto at least ten ,united ,states ,army emergency rations4 ,how lifeboats shall be carried4 ,lifeboats on cargo steamers shall be provided with a separate set of davits for each lifeboat required4 ,when this requirement makes it necessary to install additional davits1 it is recommended that the additional davits be of the mechanical type1 to facilitate quick and safe launching4 ,the old type of davits with turning out gear is not considered as mechanical davits4 ,additional life-saving equipment4 ,cargo vessels shall carry sufficient lifeboats to accommodate every person on board1 and in addition thereto shall carry a sufficient number of approved life rafts to accommodate at least twenty-five per cent of the total number of persons on board4 ,precautionary measures4 ,before entering the ,war ,zone all the lifeboats and life rafts shall be cleared away and made ready for launching1 and the master or officer in charge1 shall assure himself that all the required equipment is in the lifeboats and life rafts1 in good order1 and ready for immediate service4 ,steamers which are not equipped with mechanical davits shall have all the lifeboats swung out 7weather permitting7 and ready for immediate launching before entering the ,war ,zone4 ,future construction4 ,cargo vessels contracted for after ,may #a1 #aiag1 and serving trades within the ,war ,zone1 shall be equipped on each side with lifeboats of sufficient capacity to accommodate all persons on board based upon an allowance of #ae cubic feet per person1 and in addition thereto shall be equipped with a sufficient number of approved life rafts to accommodate at least twenty-five per cent of all persons on board4 ,handling of the boats and rafts4 ,all the boats and rafts must be stowed in such a way that they can be launched in the shortest possible time and that1 even under unfavorable conditions of list and trim from the point of view of the handling of the boats and rafts1 it may be possible to embark in them as large a number of persons as possible4 ,the arrangements must be such that it may be possible to launch on either side of the vessel as large a number of boats and rafts as possible4 ,strength and operation of the davits ,the davits shall be of such strength that the boats can be lowered with their full complement of persons and equipment1 the vessel being assumed to have a list of #ae degrees4 ,the davits must be fitted with a gear of sufficient power to insure that the boat can be turned out against the maximum list under which the lowering of the boats is possible on the vessel in question4 ,the ,secretary of ,commerce is authorized by the seamen's act in specific cases to exempt existing vessels from the requirements of this section that the davits shall be of such strength and shall be fitted with a gear of sufficient power to insure that the boats can be lowered with their full complement of persons and equipment1 the vessel being assumed to have a list of #ae degrees1 where their strict application would not be practicable or reasonable4 ,each set of davits shall have a boat of the first class attached to it1 provided that the number of open boats of the first class attached to davits shall not be less than the minimum number fixed by law4 ,if it is neither practicable nor reasonable to place on a vessel the minimum number of sets of davits required1 a small number of sets of davits may be fitted1 provided always that this number shall never be less than the minimum number of open boats of the first class required by law4 ,if a large proportion of the persons on board are accommodated in boats whose length is greater than #ej feet1 a further reduction in the number of sets of davits may be allowed exceptionally1 if the arrangements are in all respects satisfactory4 ,in all cases in which a reduction in the minimum number of sets of davits or other equivalent appliances required by the rules is allowed1 the owner of the vessel in question shall be required to prove1 by a test made in the presence of an officer designated by the ,supervising ,inspector ,general1 that all the boats can be efficiently launched in a minimum time4 ,the conditions of this test shall be as follows3 ,first4 ,the vessel is to be upright and in smooth water4 ,second4 ,the time is the time required from the beginning of the removal of the boat covers1 or any other operation necessary to prepare the boats for lowering1 until the last boat or pontoon raft is afloat4 ,third4 ,the number of men employed in the whole operation must not exceed the total number of boat hands that will be carried on the vessel under normal service conditions4 ,fourth4 ,each boat when being lowered must have on board at least two men and its full equipment as required by the rules4 ,fifth4 ,the time allowed for this test shall not exceed #aj minutes4 #b ,lifeboats swung out--#a on each side4 ,all passenger steam vessels1 except those fitted with mechanical davits1 shall1 when the weather permits1 have one of their lifeboats swung out on each side while at sea1 brailed into a boom or rail and ready for immediate use4 ,equivalents for and weight of the persons4 ,in test for determining the number of persons which a boat or pontoon raft can accommodate each person shall be assumed to be an adult person wearing a life preserver4 ,in verifications of freeboard the pontoon boats shall be loaded with a weight of at least #afe pounds for each adult person that the pontoon boat is authorized to carry4 ,in all cases two children under #ab years of age shall be reckoned as one person4 ,marking of lifeboats4 ,all lifeboats shall have the number of boat plainly marked or painted on each bow1 in figures not less than #c inches high4 ,where lifeboats are carried on both sides of a vessel1 lifeboat ,no4 #a shall be forward on starboard side of vessel1 lifeboat ,no4 #b forward on port side1 lifeboat ,no4 #c next abaft lifeboat ,no4 #a on starboard side1 lifeboat ,no4 #d next abaft lifeboat ,no4 #b on port side1 and so forth1 the odd-numbered boats being on the starboard side and the even-numbered boats being on the port side of vessel4 ,all lifeboats shall have their cubic contents and the number of persons such lifeboat is allowed to carry plainly marked or painted on each bow in letters and figures not less than three-fourths of an inch high4 ,all lifeboats shall also have the number of persons allowed to be carried plainly marked or painted on top of at least two of the thwarts1 in letters and figures not less than #c inches high4 ,when the letters and figures above required are painted on lifeboats1 such letters and figures shall be dark on a light ground or light on a dark ground4 ,lifeboats and life rafts kept clear for launching4 ,the decks on which lifeboats of any class or life rafts are carried shall be kept clear of freight or any other obstruction that would interfere with the immediate launching of the lifeboats or life rafts4 7,r4 ,s4 ,secs4 #ddje1 #ddhh47 ,boat-davit falls and receptacles therefor4 ,it shall be the duty of the master or officer in charge of all vessels to see that the boat-davit falls shall at all times be in readiness for immediate use1 and protected from ice1 and not painted1 and such boat-davit falls on all boats not swung out at boat drills shall be cast loose and overhauled2 and it shall be unlawful to stow in any lifeboat articles other than those required by law and regulations4 ,on all steamers over #a1jjj gross tons1 covered tubs1 boxes1 or reels shall be provided in which to stow away the boat-davit falls4 ,care of lifeboats4 ,lifeboats shall be stripped1 cleaned1 thoroughly overhauled1 and painted at least once in every year4 ,embarkation of the passengers in the lifeboats and rafts4 ,suitable arrangements shall be made for embarking the passengers in the boats1 in accord with regulations by the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors1 with the approval of the ,secretary of ,commerce4 ,in vessels which carry rafts there shall be a number of rope or wooden ladders always available for use in embarking the persons on to the rafts4 ,certificated lifeboat men--manning of the boats4 ,there shall be for each boat or raft a number of lifeboat men at least equal to that specified as follows3 ,if the boat or raft carries #be persons or less1 the minimum number of certificated lifeboat men shall be #a2 if the boat or raft carries #bf persons and less than #da persons1 the minimum number of certificated lifeboat men shall be #b2 if the boat or raft carries #da persons and less than #fa persons1 the minimum number of certificated lifeboat men shall be #c2 if the boat or raft carries from #fa to #he persons1 the minimum number of certificated lifeboat men shall be #d2 if the boat or raft carries from #hf to #ajj persons1 the minimum number of certificated lifeboat men shall be #e2 if the boat or raft carries from #aaa to #afj persons1 the minimum number of certificated lifeboat men shall be #f2 if the boat or raft carries from #afa to #baj persons1 the minimum number of certificated lifeboat men shall be #g2 and1 thereafter1 #a additional certificated lifeboat man for each additional #ej persons3 ,provided1 ,that if the raft carries #ae persons or less a licensed officer or able seaman need not be placed in charge of such raft3 ,provided further1 ,that one-half the number of rafts carried shall have a capacity of exceeding #ae persons4 ,the allocation of the certificated lifeboat men to each boat and raft remains within the discretion of the master1 according to the circumstances4 ,by certificated lifeboat man is meant any member of the crew who holds a certificate of efficiency issued under the authority of the ,secretary of ,commerce4 ,in order to obtain the special lifeboat man's certificate the applicant must prove to the satisfaction of an officer designated by the ,secretary of ,commerce that he has been trained in all the operations connected with launching lifeboats and the use of oars2 that he is acquainted with the practical handling of the boats themselves2 and1 further1 that he is capable of understanding and answering the orders relative to lifeboat service4 ,manning of boats4 ,a licensed officer or able seaman shall be placed in charge of each boat or pontoon raft2 he shall have a list of its lifeboat men1 and other members of its crew which shall be sufficient for her safe management1 and shall see that the men placed under his orders are acquainted with their several duties and stations4 ,a man capable of working the motor shall be assigned to each motor boat4 ,the duty of seeing that the boats1 pontoon rafts1 and other life-saving appliances are at all times ready for use shall be assigned to one or more officers4 ,,life ,,rafts ,handling of the rafts4 ,all rafts must be stowed in such a way that they can be launched in the shortest possible time and that1 even under unfavorable conditions of list and trim from the point of view of the handling of the rafts1 it may be possible to embark in them as large a number of persons as possible4 ,the arrangements must be such that it may be possible to launch on either side of the vessel as large a number of rafts as possible4 ,marking rafts4 ,there shall be stenciled in a conspicuous place on each life raft now in use the number of persons said raft can carry1 as hereinafter provided4 ,care of life rafts4 ,all life rafts shall be stripped1 cleaned1 painted1 and thoroughly overhauled at least once in every year4 ,equipment for life rafts4 ,all life rafts on ocean steam vessels shall be equipped as follows3 ,a properly secured life line entirely around the sides and ends of the raft1 festooned to the gunwales in bights not longer than #c feet with a seine float in each bight4 ,one painter of manila rope of #b inches in circumference1 and of suitable length4 ,four oars4 ,five rowlocks properly attached4 ,one boat hook attached to a staff of suitable length4 ,one self-igniting life-buoy light4 ,one sea anchor4 ,a vessel containing #a gallon of vegetable or animal oil1 so constructed that the oil can be easily distributed on the water1 and so arranged that it can be attached to the sea anchor4 ,a water-tight receptacle containing #b pounds avoirdupois of provisions for each person4 ,these provisions may be hard bread or ,united ,states ,army ration4 ,the receptacle shall be of metal and fitted with an opening in the top not less than #e inches in diameter1 properly protected by a screw cap made of heavy cast brass1 with machine thread and an attached double toggle1 seating to a pliable rubber gasket1 which shall insure a tight joint1 in order to properly protect the contents of the can4 ,a water-tight receptacle containing #a quart of water for each person4 ,two enameled drinking cups4 ,a water-tight metal case containing six self-igniting red lights capable of burning at least two minutes4 ,a water-tight box of matches4 ,all loose equipment must be securely attached to the raft to which it belongs4 ,life preservers4 ,every ocean vessel inspected under the provisions of ,title ,,lii1 ,revised ,statutes of the ,united ,states1 shall be provided with one good life preserver1 having the approval of the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors1 for each and every person carried1 and every ocean vessel carrying passengers shall have in addition thereto a number of life preservers suitable for children equal to at least #aj per cent of the total number of persons carried4 ,ring life buoys4 ,the number of ring life buoys with which steamers must be provided is as follows3 ,vessels under #djj feet in length1 #ab1 of which #f must be luminous2 vessels of #djj feet in length and less than #fjj feet1 #ah1 of which #i must be luminous2 vessels of #fjj feet in length and less than #hjj feet1 #bd1 of which #ab must be luminous2 vessels of #hjj feet in length and over1 #cj1 of which #ae must be luminous4 ,ring life buoys shall not be permanently secured in any way1 but shall be so placed as to be readily accessible in an emergency4 ,their location shall be plainly indicated in the vessel's station bill4 ,one of the buoys on each side of the vessel shall have a life line attached of at least #ae fathoms in length4 ,luminous buoys are those having attached an efficient self-igniting light which can not be extinguished in water4 ,all the life buoys and life jackets shall be so placed as to be readily accessible to the persons on board2 their position shall be plainly indicated so as to be known to the persons concerned4 ,the life buoys shall always be capable of being rapidly cast loose1 and shall not be permanently secured in any way4 ,the owner of any vessel who neglects or refuses to provide and equip his vessel with such lifeboats1 floats1 rafts1 life preservers1 line-carrying projectiles1 and the means of propelling them1 drags1 pumps1 or other appliances1 as are required under the provisions of this section1 or under the regulations of the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors1 approved by the ,secretary of ,commerce1 authorized by and made pursuant hereto1 shall be fined not less than #ejj1 nor more than #e1jjj1 and every master of a vessel who shall fail to comply with the requirements of this section1 and the regulations of the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors1 approved by the ,secretary of ,commerce1 authorized by and made pursuant hereto1 shall upon conviction be fined not less than #ej1 nor more than #ejj4 ,line-carrying guns1 rockets and equipment4 ,all ocean steam1 pleasure vessels and ocean steam vessels carrying passengers1 except vessels of #aej gross tons and under1 shall be provided with at least three line-carrying projectiles and the means of propelling them1 such as may have received the formal approval of the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors4 ,rockets4 ,when approved rockets are used instead of guns1 there shall be in every case at least three of said rockets1 and all steamers that are required under the law to carry line-carrying projectiles and the means of propelling them shall be supplied auxiliary thereto with at least #hjj feet of #c-;inch manila line for vessels of over #aej and not over #ejj gross tons and #a1ejj feet of said line for steamers above #ejj gross tons2 and1 except where approved rockets are provided1 with three approved service projectile lines and three projectiles4 ,such auxiliary line and all other equipment shall be kept always ready for use in connection with the gun and rocket1 which lines and other equipment shall not be used for any other purpose4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddhh47 ,requirements for firing tests4 ,the test rounds required shall be fired from the gun when mounted on its own carriage1 lashed as it would be in shipboard use4 ,the line shall be coiled1 faked1 or reeled in its own faking box or reel1 and the gun1 carriage1 line box or reel1 and projectiles shall all bear the same number and shall be initialed by the inspector1 whose report of the test1 giving number1 date1 and result1 shall be filed in the office of the supervising inspector of the district in which the test is made4 ,service lines and projectiles4 ,service projectile lines hereafter approved shall be similar in size to that used by the ,united ,states ,coast ,guard1 of not less than #a1gjj feet in length1 and capable of withstanding a breaking strain of #ejj pounds1 and the projectile end shall be so protected that line will not burn when fired from the gun4 ,the projectiles required to be furnished with each gun shall weigh not less than #ah pounds1 smoothly turned and finished1 with a windage of not more than one sixty-fourth of an inch4 ,drill required with line-carrying gun4 ,the master of every vessel equipped with a line-carrying gun shall drill his crew in the use thereof and fire said gun at least once in every three months1 using one-half the usual charge of powder and any ordinary line of proper length4 ,it shall be the duty of the inspectors1 at the annual inspection1 to see that these drills are entered on the log of the vessels4 ,placard containing instructions for use of gun and rocket apparatus4 ,a placard containing instructions for using the gun and rocket apparatus required by the foregoing section and as practiced by the ,united ,states ,coast ,guard shall be posted in the pilot house1 engine room1 and in the seamen's1 firemen's1 and steward's department of every steam vessel required by law to carry such gun or rocket apparatus4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddje47 ,storm oil4 ,on and after ,january #a1 #aiae1 ocean vessels of more than #bjj gross tons propelled by machinery and navigating the oceans or gulfs shall carry a supply of oil for the purpose of smoothing the sea or quelling the force of the waves in case of emergency or necessity in the following quantities3 ,vessels of over #bjj and not over #a1jjj gross tons1 #cj gallons4 ,vessels of over #a1jjj and not over #c1jjj gross tons1 #dj gallons4 ,vessels of over #c1jjj and not over #e1jjj gross tons1 #ej gallons4 ,vessels of over #e1jjj gross tons shall carry at least #ajj gallons4 ,this oil shall be accessible and available at all times1 and the location of the supply and the means and methods of its distribution shall be determined by the master of the vessel4 ,steamer's name on equipments4 ,all the equipments of a steamer1 such as buckets1 hose1 axes1 boats1 oars1 rafts1 life preservers1 floats1 barrels1 and tanks1 shall be painted or branded with the name of the steamer upon which they are used4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddje47 ,muster roll and drills4 ,special duties for the event of an emergency shall be allotted to each member of the crew4 ,the muster list shows all these special duties1 and indicates1 in particular1 the station to which each man must go1 and the duties that he has to perform4 ,before the vessel sails the muster list shall be drawn up and exhibited1 and the proper authority1 to be designated by the ,secretary of ,commerce1 shall be satisfied that the muster list has been prepared for the vessel4 ,it shall be posted in several parts of the vessel1 and in particular in the crew's quarters4 ,muster list4 ,the muster list shall assign duties to the different members of the crew in connection with-- 7a7 ,the closing of the water-tight doors1 valves1 and so forth4 7b7 ,the equipment of boats and rafts generally4 7c7 ,the launching of the boats attached to davits4 7d7 ,the general preparation of the other boats and the pontoon rafts4 7e7 ,the muster of the passengers4 7f7 ,the extinction of fire4 ,the muster list shall assign to the members of the stewards' department their several duties in relation to the passengers at a time of emergency4 ,these duties shall include-- 7a7 ,warning the passengers4 7b7 ,seeing that they are dressed and have put on their life jackets in a proper manner4 7c7 ,assembling the passengers4 7d7 ,keeping order in the passages and on the stairways1 and1 generally1 controlling the movements of the passengers4 ,the muster list shall specify definite alarm signals for calling all the crew to the boat and fire stations1 and shall give full particulars of these signals4 ,musters and drills4 ,musters of the crews at their boat and fire stations1 followed by boat and fire drills1 respectively1 shall be held at least once a week1 either in port or at sea4 ,an entry shall be made in the official log book of these drills1 or of the reason why they could not be held4 ,different groups of boats shall be used in turn at successive boat drills4 ,the drills and inspections shall be so arranged that the crew thoroughly understand and are practiced in the duties they have to perform1 and that all the boats and pontoon rafts on the ship with the gear appertaining to them are always ready for immediate use4 ,stairways and deck room4 ,every such steam-vessel carrying passengers on the main-deck shall be provided with permanent stairways and other sufficient means1 convenient to the passengers1 for their escape to their upper deck1 in case of the vessel sinking or of other accident endangering life2 and in the stowage of freight upon such deck1 where passengers are carried1 gangways or passages1 sufficiently large to allow persons to pass freely through them1 shall be left open both fore and aft of the vessel1 and also to and along the guards on each side4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddhd47 ,the captain or mate of every such steam-vessel carrying passengers upon the main-deck shall assign to all deck-passengers1 when taking passage1 the space on deck they may occupy during the voyage1 and such space shall not thereafter be occupied by freight nor overcrowded by other persons1 nor shall freight be stowed about the boilers or machinery1 in such a manner as to obstruct or prevent the engineer from readily attending to his duties4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddhe47 ,for every violation of the provisions of the two preceding sections the owners of the vessel shall be punished by a fine of three hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddhf47 ,,chapter ,x ,,passenger ,,act ,,of #ahhb ,the laws governing the carriage of passengers1 explosives1 live stock1 etc41 on vessels of the ,american ,merchant ,marine are as follows3 ,accommodations4 ,light and air4 ,provisions4 ,medical attendance4 ,discipline and cleanliness4 ,privacy of passengers4 ,explosives2 cattle4 ,boarding vessel2 passenger list4 ,death of passenger4 ,inspection4 ,penalties4 ,accommodations4 ,it shall not be lawful for the master of any vessel whereon steerage passengers have been taken at any port or place in a foreign country or dominion 7ports and places in foreign territory contiguous to the ,united ,states excepted7 to bring such vessel and passengers to or take from any port or place in the ,united ,states unless the compartments1 spaces1 and accommodations hereinafter mentioned have been provided1 allotted1 maintained1 and used for and by such passengers during the entire voyage1 unobstructed by cargo1 stores1 or goods4 ,the master of a vessel coming to a port or place in the ,united ,states in violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor2 and if the number of steerage passengers carried or brought in the vessel1 or in any compartment1 space1 poop1 or deck house thereof1 is greater than the number allowed to be carried or brought therein1 respectively1 as hereinafter prescribed1 the said master shall be fined fifty dollars for each and every such passenger in excess of the proper number1 and may also be imprisoned not exceeding six months4 ,first4 ,in computing the number of passengers carried or brought in any vessel1 children under one year of age shall not be included1 and two children between one and eight years of age shall be counted as one passenger2 and any person brought in such vessel who shall have been1 during the voyage1 taken from any other vessel wrecked or in distress on the high seas1 or have been picked up at sea from any boat1 raft1 or otherwise1 shall not be included in such computation4 ,second4 ,the expression steerage passenger means all passengers except cabin passengers1 and persons shall not be deemed cabin passengers unless the space allotted to their exclusive use is in the proportion of at least thirty-six clear superficial feet to each passenger4 ,third4 ,the expression lowest passenger deck means the deck next below the water line2 and the expression passenger deck includes every deck or portion of a deck which is above the lowest passenger deck1 and is appropriated for passengers4 ,fourth4 ,a vessel shall not carry passengers1 whether cabin or steerage passengers1 on more than one deck below the water line4 ,fifth4 ,the height between that part of any deck on which steerage passengers are carried and the deck immediately above it shall not be less than six feet4 ,sixth4 ,no steerage passengers shall be carried on the lowest passenger deck unless it is efficiently lighted by side scuttles and otherwise to the satisfaction of the inspector4 ,seventh4 ,no greater number of steerage passengers shall be carried on the lowest passenger deck than in the proportion of one steerage passenger to every twenty-one clear superficial feet allotted to their use4 ,if1 however1 the height between the lowest passenger deck and the deck immediately above it is less than seven feet1 and the apertures1 exclusive of side scuttles1 through which light and air are admitted are less in size than in the proportion of three square feet to every one hundred superficial feet of that deck1 no greater number of steerage passengers shall be carried on that deck than in the proportion of one steerage passenger to every thirty clear superficial feet thereof1 subject to the allowance for measurement of public rooms1 lavatories1 and bath rooms1 if any1 provided for by paragraph ten4 ,eighth4 ,no greater number of steerage passengers may be carried on a passenger deck than in the proportion of one steerage passenger to every eighteen clear superficial feet of deck allotted to their use1 subject to the allowance for measurement of public rooms1 lavatories1 and bath rooms1 if any1 provided for by paragraph ten4 ,if1 however1 the height between any passenger deck and the deck immediately above it be less than seven feet1 no greater number of steerage passengers may be carried on that deck than in the proportion of one steerage passenger to every twenty-one clear superficial feet thereof1 subject to the allowance for measurement of public rooms1 lavatories1 and bath rooms1 if any1 provided for by paragraph ten4 ,ninth4 ,a vessel1 whatever be the superficial space of the passenger decks and of the lowest passenger deck1 shall not carry a greater number of steerage passengers on the whole than in the proportion of one steerage passenger to every five superficial feet of air or promenade space provided on a deck so open as not to be included in the tonnage and approved by the inspector1 and this space shall not be counted or included in the area available for any other passengers1 or in other areas for steerage passengers prescribed by this section4 ,tenth4 ,in the measurement of the passenger decks and of the lowest passenger deck1 the space occupied by that part of the personal baggage of the steerage passengers which the inspector permits to be carried there shall be included1 and also on whatever deck located1 commodious and suitable dining rooms1 lounging rooms1 smoking rooms1 lavatories1 toilet rooms1 and bath rooms3 ,provided1 ,that-- 7a7 ,the space in any place appropriated to the use of steerage passengers in which they sleep shall not be less than eighteen superficial feet in the case of the lowest passenger deck and fifteen superficial feet in the case of a passenger deck4 7b7 ,each space so included in the measurement must be clearly marked to the satisfaction of the inspector as being exclusively appropriated for the use of the steerage passengers4 ,eleventh4 ,each separate compartment in which steerage passengers are berthed shall be conspicuously marked1 showing the total area of such compartments4 7,aug4 #b1ahhb2 ,dec4 #ai1 #aijh47 ,in every such steamship or other vessel there shall be a sufficient number of berths for the proper accommodation as hereinafter provided1 of all such passengers4 ,there shall not be on any deck nor in any compartment or space occupied by such passengers more than two tiers of berths4 ,the berths shall be properly constructed1 and be separated from each other by partitions1 as berths ordinarily are separated1 and each berth shall be at least two feet in width and six feet in length2 and the interval between the floor or lowest part of the lower tier of berths and the deck beneath them shall not be less than six inches1 nor the interval between each tier of berths1 and the interval between the uppermost tier and the deck above it1 less than two feet six inches2 and each berth shall be occupied by not more than one passenger over eight years of age2 but double berths of twice the above-mentioned width may be provided1 each double berth to be occupied by no more and by none other than two women1 or by one woman and two children under the age of eight years1 or by husband and wife1 or by a man and two of his own children under the age of eight years1 or by two men personally acquainted with each other4 ,all the male passengers upwards of fourteen years of age who do not occupy berths with their wives shall be berthed in the fore part of the vessel1 in a compartment divided off from the space or spaces appropriated to the other passengers by a substantial and well-secured bulkhead2 and unmarried female passengers shall be berthed in a compartment separated from the spaces occupied by other passengers by a substantial and well-constructed bulkhead1 the opening or communication from which to an adjoining passenger space shall be so constructed that it can be closed and secured4 ,families1 however1 shall not be separated except with their consent4 ,each berth shall be numbered serially1 on the outside berth-board1 according to the number of passengers that may lawfully occupy the berth2 and the berths occupied by such passengers shall not be removed or taken down until the expiration of twelve hours from the time of entry1 unless previously inspected within a shorter period4 ,for any violation of either of the provisions of this section the master of the vessel shall be liable to a fine of five dollars for each passenger carried or brought on the vessel4 7,aug4 #b1 #ahhb2 sec4 #b47 ,light and air4 ,every such steamship or other vessel shall have adequate provisions for affording light and air to the passenger-decks and to the compartments and spaces occupied by such passengers1 and with adequate means and appliances for ventilating the said compartments and spaces4 ,to compartments having sufficient space for fifty or more of such passengers at least two ventilators1 each not less than twelve inches in diameter1 shall be provided1 one of which ventilators shall be inserted in the forward part of the compartment1 and the other in the after part thereof1 and shall be so constructed as to ventilate the compartment2 and additional ventilators shall be provided for each compartment in the proportion of two ventilators for each additional fifty of such passengers carried or brought in the compartment4 ,all ventilators shall be carried at least six feet above the uppermost deck of the vessel1 and shall be of the most approved form and construction4 ,in any steamship the ventilating apparatus provided1 or any method of ventilation adopted thereon1 which has been approved by the proper emigration officers at the port or place from which said vessel was cleared1 shall be deemed a compliance with the foregoing provisions2 and in all vessels carrying or bringing such passengers there shall be properly-constructed hatchways over the compartments or spaces occupied by such passengers1 which hatchway shall be properly covered with houses or booby hatches1 and the coamings or sills of which shall rise at least six inches above the deck2 and there shall be proper companion-ways or ladders from each hatchway leading to the compartments or spaces occupied by such passengers2 and the said companion-ways or ladders shall be securely constructed1 and be provided with hand-rails or strong rope1 and1 when the weather will permit1 such passengers shall have the use of each hatchway situated over the compartments or spaces appropriated to their use2 and every vessel carrying or bringing such passengers shall have a properly located and constructed caboose and cooking-range1 or other cooking apparatus1 the dimensions and capacity of which shall be sufficient to provide for properly cooking and preparing the food of all such passengers4 ,in every vessel carrying or bringing such passengers there shall be at least two water-closets or privies1 and an additional water-closet or privy for every one hundred male passengers on board1 for the exclusive use of such male passengers1 and an additional water-closet or privy for every fifty female passengers on board1 for the exclusive use of the female passengers and young children on board4 ,the aforesaid water-closets and privies shall be properly enclosed and located on each side of the vessel1 and shall be separated from passengers' spaces by substantial and properly-constructed partitions or bulkheads2 and the water-closets and privies shall be kept and maintained in a serviceable and cleanly condition throughout the voyage4 ,for any violation of either of the provisions of this section1 or for any neglect to conform to the requirements thereof1 the master of the vessel shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars4 7,sec4 #c47 ,provisions4 ,an allowance of good1 wholesome1 and proper food1 with a reasonable quantity of fresh provisions1 which food shall be equal in value to one and a half navy rations of the ,united ,states1 and of fresh water1 not less than four quarts per day1 shall be furnished each of such passengers4 ,three meals shall be served daily1 at regular and stated hours1 of which hours sufficient notice shall be given4 ,if any such passengers shall at any time during the voyage be put on short allowance for food and water1 the master of the vessel shall pay to each passenger three dollars for each and every day the passenger may have been put on short allowance1 except in case of accidents1 where the captain is obliged to put the passengers on short allowance4 ,mothers with infants and young children shall be furnished the necessary quantity of wholesome milk or condensed milk for the sustenance of the latter4 ,tables and seats shall be provided for the use of passengers at regular meals4 ,and for every willful violation of any of the provisions of this section the master of the vessel shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars1 and be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months4 ,the enforcement of this penalty1 however1 shall not affect the civil responsibility of the master and owners of the vessel to such passengers as may have suffered from any negligence1 breach of contract1 or default on the part of such masters and owners4 7,sec4 #d47 ,medical attendance4 ,in every such steamship or other vessel there shall be properly built and secured1 or divided off from other spaces1 two compartments or spaces to be used exclusively as hospitals for such passengers1 one for men and the other for women4 ,the hospitals shall be located in a space not below the deck next below the main deck of the vessel4 ,the hospital spaces shall in no case be less than in the proportion of eighteen clear superficial feet for every fifty such passengers who are carried or brought on the vessel1 and such hospitals shall be supplied with proper beds1 bedding1 and utensils1 and be kept so supplied throughout the voyage4 ,and every steamship or other vessel carrying or bringing emigrant passengers1 or passengers other than cabin passengers1 exceeding fifty in number1 shall carry a duly qualified and competent surgeon or medical practitioner1 who shall be rated as such in the ship's articles1 and who shall be provided with surgical instruments1 medical comforts1 and medicines proper and necessary for diseases and accidents incident to sea-voyages1 and for the proper medical treatment of such passengers during the voyage1 and with such articles of food and nourishment as may be proper and necessary for preserving the health of infants and young children2 and the services of such surgeon or medical practitioner shall be promptly given1 in any case of sickness or disease1 to any of the passengers1 or to any infant or young child of any such passengers1 who may need his services4 ,for a violation of either of the provisions of this section the master of the vessel shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars4 7,sec4 #e47 ,discipline and cleanliness4 ,the master of every such steamship or other vessel is authorized to maintain good discipline and such habits of cleanliness among such passengers as will tend to the preservation and promotion of health1 and to that end he shall cause such regulations as he may adopt for such purpose to be posted up on board the vessel1 in a place or places accessible to such passengers1 and shall keep the same so posted up during the voyage4 ,the said master shall cause the compartments and spaces provided for1 or occupied by1 such passengers to be kept at all times in a clean and healthy condition1 and to be1 as often as may be necessary1 disinfected with chloride of lime1 or by some other equally efficient disinfectant4 ,whenever the state of the weather will permit1 such passengers and their bedding shall be mustered on deck1 and a clear and sufficient space on the main or any upper deck of the vessel shall be set apart1 and so kept1 for the use and exercise of such passengers during the voyage4 ,for each neglect or violation of any of the provisions of this section the master of the vessel shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars4 7,sec4 #f47 ,privacy of passengers4 ,neither the officers1 seamen1 nor other persons employed on any such steamship or other vessel shall visit or frequent any part of the vessel provided or assigned to the use of such passengers1 except by the direction or permission of the master of such vessel first made or given for such purpose2 and every officer1 seaman1 or other person employed on board of such vessel who shall violate the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 and may be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars1 and be imprisoned not exceeding twenty days1 for each violation2 and the master of such vessel who directs or permits any officer1 seaman1 or other person employed on board the vessel to visit or frequent any part of the vessel provided for or assigned to the use of such passengers1 or the compartments or spaces occupied by such passengers1 except for the purpose of doing or performing some necessary act or duty as an officer1 seaman1 or other person employed on board of the vessel1 shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 and may be fined not more than one hundred dollars for each time he directs or permits the provisions of this section to be violated4 ,a copy of this section1 written or printed in the language or principal languages of the passengers on board1 shall1 by or under the direction of the master of the vessel1 be posted in a conspicuous place on the forecastle and in the several parts of the vessel provided and assigned for the use of such passengers1 and in each compartment or space occupied by such passengers1 and the same shall be kept so posted during the voyage2 and if the said master neglects so to do1 he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 and shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars4 7,sec4 #g47 ,explosives2 cattle4 ,it shall not be lawful to take1 carry1 or have on board of any such steamship or other vessel any nitro-glycerine1 dynamite1 or any other explosive article or compound1 nor any vitriol or like acids1 nor gunpowder1 except for the ship's use1 nor any article or number of articles1 whether as a cargo or ballast1 which1 by reason of the nature or quantity or mode of storage thereof1 shall1 either singly or collectively1 be likely to endanger the health or lives of the passengers or the safety of the vessel1 and horses1 cattle1 or other animals taken on board of or brought in any such vessel shall not be carried on any deck below the deck on which passengers are berthed1 nor in any compartment in which passengers are berthed1 nor in any adjoining compartment except in a vessel built of iron1 and of which the compartments are divided off by water-tight bulkheads extending to the upper deck4 ,for every violation of any of the provisions of this section the master of the vessel shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 and shall be fined not exceeding one thousand dollars1 and be imprisoned for a period not exceeding one year4 7,sec4 #h47 ,boarding vessel2 passenger list4 ,it shall not be lawful for the master of any such steamship or other vessel1 not in distress1 after the arrival of the vessel within any collection district of the ,united ,states1 to allow any person or persons except a pilot1 officer of the customs1 or health officer1 agents of the vessel1 and consuls1 to come on board of the vessel1 or to leave the vessel1 until the vessel has been taken in charge by an officer of the customs1 nor1 after charge so taken1 without leave of such officer1 until all the passengers1 with their baggage1 have been duly landed from the vessel2 and on the arrival of any such steamship or other vessel within any collection district of the ,united ,states1 the master shall submit for inspection to the officer of customs who first makes demand therefor1 and shall subsequently deliver with his manifest of cargo on entry1 a correct list1 signed and verified on oath by the master1 of all passengers taken on board the vessel at any foreign port or place1 specifying1 in the manner to be prescribed from time to time by the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the name of each passenger1 age 7if a child of eight years or under71 sex1 married or single1 location of compartment or space occupied during the voyage 7if the passenger be other than a cabin passenger71 whether a citizen of the ,united ,states1 number of pieces of baggage1 and if any passenger die on the voyage the list shall specify the name1 age1 and cause of death of each deceased passenger4 ,for a violation of either of the provisions of this section1 or for permitting or neglecting to prevent a violation thereof1 the master of the vessel shall be liable to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars4 7,feb4 #i1 #aije2 sec4 #i47 ,the ,secretary of ,commerce is hereby authorized and directed to prescribe from time to time and enforce regulations governing the boarding of vessels arriving at the seaports of the ,united ,states1 before such vessels have been properly inspected and placed in security1 and for that purpose to employ any of the officers of that ,department4 7,mar4 #ca1 #aijj2 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijc2 sec4 #aj47 ,each person violating such regulations shall be subject to a penalty of not more than one hundred dollars or imprisonment not to exceed six months1 or both1 in the discretion of the court4 7,mar4 #ca1 #aijj2 sec4 #b47 ,this ,act shall be construed as supplementary to section nine of chapter three hundred and seventy-four of the ,statutes of eighteen hundred and eighty-two1 and section forty-six hundred and six of the ,revised ,statutes1 7sec4 #c47 ,each and every collector of customs to whom shall be delivered the manifests or lists of passengers prescribed by the twelfth section of the act aforesaid1 approved ,march third1 eighteen hundred and fifty-five1 shall make returns from such manifests or lists of passengers to the ,secretary of ,commerce of the ,united ,states1 in such manner as shall be prescribed by that officer1 under whose direction statements of the same shall be prepared and published4 7,may4 #g1 #ahgd2 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijc2 sec4 #aj47 ,death of passenger4 ,in case there shall have occurred on board any such steamship or other vessel any death among such passengers during the voyage1 the master or consignees of the vessel shall1 within forty-eight hours after the arrival of the vessel within a collection district of the ,united ,states1 or within twenty-four hours after the entry of the vessel1 pay to the collector of customs of such district the sum of ten dollars for each and every such passenger above the age of eight years who shall have died on the voyage by natural disease2 and the master or consignees of any vessel who neglect or refuse to pay such collector1 within the times hereinbefore prescribed1 the sums of money aforesaid1 shall be liable to a penalty of fifty dollars in addition to the sum required to be paid as aforesaid for each passenger whose death occurred on the voyage4 ,all sums of money paid to any collector under the provisions of this section shall be by him paid into the ,treasury of the ,united ,states in such manner and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the ,secretary of the ,treasury4 7,aug4 #b1 #ahhb2 sec4 #aj47 ,inspection4 ,the collector of customs of the collection district within which1 or the surveyor of the port at which1 any such steamship or other vessel arrives1 shall direct an inspector or other officer of the customs to make an examination of the vessel1 and to admeasure the compartments or spaces occupied by the emigrant passengers1 or passengers other than cabin passengers1 during the voyage2 and such measurement shall be made in the manner provided by law for admeasuring vessels for tonnage2 and to compare the number of such passengers found on board with the list of such passengers furnished by the master to the customs officer2 and the said inspector or other officer shall make a report to the aforesaid collector or surveyor1 stating the port of departure1 the time of sailing1 the length of the voyage1 the ventilation1 the number of such passengers on board the vessel1 and their native country1 respectively2 the cubic quantity of each compartment or space1 and the number of berths and passengers in each space1 the kind and quality of the food furnished to such passengers on the voyage2 the number of deaths1 and the age and sex of those who died during the voyage1 and of what disease2 and in case there was any unusual sickness or mortality during the voyage1 to report whether the same was caused by any neglect or violation of the provisions of this act1 or by the want of proper care against disease by the master or owners of the vessel2 and the said reports shall be forwarded to the ,secretary of ,commerce at such times and in such manner as he shall direct4 7,feb4 #ad1 #aijc2 sec4 #aj47 ,penalties4 ,the provisions of this act shall apply to every steamship or other vessel whereon emigrant passengers1 or passengers other than cabin passengers are taken on board at a port or place in the ,united ,states for conveyance to any port or place in a foreign country except foreign territory contiguous to the ,united ,states1 and shall also apply to any vessel whereon such passengers are taken on board at any port or place of the ,united ,states on the ,atlantic ,ocean or its tributaries for conveyance to a port or place on the ,pacific ,ocean or its tributaries1 or vice versa2 and whether the voyage of said vessel is to be continuous from port to port or such passengers are to be conveyed from port to port in part by the way of any overland route through ,mexico or ,central ,america2 and the said collector of customs may direct an examination of the vessel to be made by an inspector or other officer of the customs1 who shall make the examination and report whether the provisions of this act have been complied with in respect to such vessel1 and the said collector is authorized to withhold the clearance of such vessel until the coming in of such report2 and if the said report shall show that any of the provisions of this act have not been complied with1 the collector is authorized and directed to withhold the clearance of such vessel until the said provisions are complied with1 and if any such vessel leaves the aforesaid port or place without having been duly cleared by the collector of customs1 the master shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 and may be fined not exceeding one thousand dollars1 and be imprisoned not exceeding one year1 and the vessel shall be liable to seizure and forfeiture4 7,aug4 #b1 #ahhb2 sec4 #ab47 ,the amount of the several fines and penalties imposed by any section of this act upon the master of any steamship or other vessel carrying or bringing emigrant passengers1 or passengers other than cabin passengers1 for any violation of the provisions of this act1 shall be liens upon such vessel1 and such vessel may be libeled therefor in any district court of the ,united ,states where such vessel shall arrive or depart4 7,sec4 #ac47 ,carriage of passengers4 ,the inspectors shall state in every certificate of inspection granted to steamers carrying passengers1 other than ferryboats1 the number of passengers of each class that any such steamer has accommodations for1 and can carry with prudence and safety4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddfd74 ,it shall not be lawful to take on board of any steamer a greater number of passengers than is stated in the certificate of inspection2 and for every violation of this provision the master or owner shall be liable1 to any person suing for the same1 to forfeit the amount of passage-money and ten dollars for each passenger beyond the number allowed4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddfe47 ,every steam vessel licensed under the foregoing section shall carry and have on board1 in accessible places1 one life-preserver for every person allowed to be carried1 in addition to those provided for the crew of such vessel4 7,july #i1 #ahhf2 sec4 #b47 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,the ,,second ,,mate ,watches4 ,the ,second ,mate of an ocean steamer is always a watch officer1 that is1 he is in responsible charge of a watch at sea1 and where the ,chief1 ,second1 and ,third ,mates1 stand the watches1 his watch is generally taken from ,noon until #d ,p4,m41 and from ,midnight to #d ,a4,m41 or he stands the afternoon and the mid watches4 ,hold ,duty4 ,the ,second ,mate is in charge of the after holds4 ,his duties1 under the ,chief ,mate1 are those outlined in the duties and responsibilities of that officer4 ,the ,second ,mate is the understudy of the ,chief ,mate and should diligently prepare himself to take up the work of that position4 ,the ,second ,mate who is fortunate enough to be shipmates with a top-notch first officer1 should improve every opportunity to study his superior and to perfect himself in the difficult duty of the station next ahead4 ,coming ,alongside4 ,in coming alongside1 coming to anchor1 docking1 etc41 the ,second ,mate is in charge aft4 ,he should note the clearance of the propellers1 and should promptly report by voice or telegraph1 or by messenger1 when anything in his end of the ship requires the attention of the ,master on the bridge4 ,a quartermaster1 with semaphore flags1 is a handy means of communicating with the bridge while docking4 ,red and white lights are sometimes used while docking at night4 ,the station aft is in many respects the most important in the vessel while coming along side1 and intelligent handling of the lines and men soon stamps an officer as well qualified in his profession4 ,he should use judgment in sending ashore1 or heaving1 small lines1 as the attempt to put a heaving line across too great a distance often results in dangerous delays1 and leads to confusion4 ,he should see the cork fenders handy1 with men told off to handle them4 ,he should study the men assigned to his end of the ship and place only reliable men at the capstans and bits4 ,a man who can properly surge a seven-inch line1 under heavy strain is a rarity these days4 ,he should understand1 and have men ready1 for the throwing in and operating of the hand-steering gear in case of emergency4 ,cargo ,gear4 ,the after cargo gear1 is generally under the charge of the ,second ,mate1 and he is in charge of the opening and closing of the after cargo hatches4 ,baggage4 ,the ,second ,mate is generally in charge of the handling and care of heavy baggage1 in vessels in the passenger trade4 ,this is important duty1 and calls for care and dispatch4 ,such baggage is whipped ashore as fast as possible so that the customs inspectors are not delayed4 ,mail4 ,the ,second ,mate is also charged with the handling and stowage of the mail sacks--unless in a very large liner where special mail clerks attend to this duty4 ,navigating ,officer4 ,the ,second ,mate is sometimes designated the ,navigating ,officer1 that is1 he is charged with the special care of the navigating equipment4 ,corrects charts from the ,notices to ,mariners and assists the ,master generally in the navigating duty4 ,he may be required to wind the chronometers each morning at eight bells and report them wound to the ,master1 though when standing the mid watch1 this duty is usually attended to by the ,master himself1 who1 in the ,merchant ,service is the responsible navigating officer of his vessel4 ,the ,second ,mate corrects the ship's clocks for difference of ,longitude to noon4 ,however1 the naming of the ,second ,mate1 as navigating officer has much to commend it4 ,he then has special duties1 and is charged with the complete supervision of the compasses1 sounding machines1 instruments1 lead lines1 patent logs and log lines4 ,he should perfect himself in the science of navigation and master the simple 7and to many7 mysterious principles of compass adjustment4 ,he should be in charge of the deviation log and prepare the deviation tables for each loading and voyage4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,,the ,,third ,,mate ,watches4 ,the ,third ,mate of an ocean steamer is generally a watch officer4 ,if the vessel is of any size1 and the three mates stand watch1 the watch from eight to noon and from eight to midnight1 is usually assigned to the ,third ,mate4 ,this is one of the best watches1 and the watch during which the ,master is most likely to be up and about4 ,as the junior watch officer is the least experienced1 it is best that he have the ,master close at hand in the event of anything unusual occurring4 ,hold ,duty4 ,the ,third ,mate is generally given charge of the forward holds1 under the immediate supervision of the ,chief ,mate4 ,here his duties are those outlined in the chapter headed ,chief ,mate4 ,he is directly under the mate and should use every effort to familiarize himself with his duties and with the vessel4 ,he should carry out all orders to the letter1 and aim to perfect himself in the many branches of seamanship and navigation4 ,the duty to cargo1 and the hold duty is one of his most important charges4 ,coming ,alongside4 ,when coming alongside1 or to anchor1 or when docking1 the ,third ,mate is stationed on the bridge with the ,master4 ,he usually attends to the telegraph1 cons the quartermaster at the wheel and looks out for the work on the bridge generally4 ,this post is one of special importance for the young officer as he gets1 from close observation1 a splendid opportunity to observe and learn the details of ship handling4 ,he sees the mistakes made fore and aft1 in the handling of lines1 etc41 and can1 if he will1 profit by this experience4 ,gangway4 ,the ,third ,mate is usually charged with the getting in and out of the gangway1 and with the safe embarkation of passengers4 ,he must keep order1 and note who comes on board1 and what their business is while the vessel is being permanently secured or anchored1 and before the regular gangway watch is set4 ,signal ,officer4 ,while the duty is not generally assigned1 it is a good plan to designate the ,third ,mate as ,signal ,officer4 ,this charges him with the care and use of the signal flags and other apparatus1 and he should perfect himself in their rapid and accurate use4 ,the ,third ,mate should master the hand semaphore signals and should see that at least two of the quartermasters are adept at this form of communication4 ,such knowledge is of the greatest use when in convoy with men-of-war1 and can be made use of in a hundred different ways while lying at anchor1 or when communicating with other vessels or the shore4 ,so many seamen are now familiar with the semaphore alphabet that it has become one of the handiest means of talking at sea over moderate distances1 and its use at once stamps a vessel as being up to time4 ,he should also know the ,morse ,code and be able to send and read by the blinker or ,morse lamp4 ,this is used in convoy work instead of wireless4 ,bridge4 ,the bridge1 and the duties of the quartermasters on the bridge and bridge deck1 are generally delegated to the ,third ,mate1 or to any officer who may be junior to him4 ,this means general upkeep and order4 ,a well-regulated and well-kept up bridge is a joy--the reverse is all too common4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,the ,,junior ,,officers ,most vessels now carry one or more junior officers1 young men who have some sea experience and who have prepared themselves to a certain extent in navigation4 ,many of them come on board ship with a very hazy idea as to what it is all about4 ,they are willing enough1 but don't know where to begin4 ,they would be glad to tail onto the starboard main t'gallant buntline1 but don't know just where it is4 ,for such as these1 the following random ,things to ,do and to learn about are suggested3 ,do the things you are told to do1 then-- #a4 ,find our what quartermasters are doing4 #b4 ,look after hand leads and lines1 are they marked correctly--accurately8 #c4 ,see that log is ready for streaming1 as soon as past the light ship1 or other mark4 #d4 ,find switch for running lights--are they in order8 #e4 ,look up log book1 see how it is kept1 and if up to date4 #f4 ,see that note book on the bridge is handy4 #g4 ,see if the clock in the wheel house and chart room is correct4 #h4 ,work up the chronometer error4 #i4 ,see that the bridge dodgers are properly bent1 and are clean4 #aj4 ,see that the binoculars and telescopes on the bridge are in their proper places and are clean4 #aa4 ,find out where the ,coston lights are kept4 #ab4 ,find out what are red and what are blue lights1 how many on board8 #ac4 ,see that the binnacle lights are in working order4 #ad4 ,see that the automatic fog whistle control works2 how often does it blow when set--is it according to law8 #ae4 ,see if the whistle works1 don't pull it unless the ,chief ,mate or the ,master says so4 #af4 ,try out the engine room telegraph--the docking telegraph--after notifying the ,chief that you intend doing so and on order of the ,mate or ,master4 #ag4 ,find out what kind of signals are used between the crow's nest and the bridge4 ,the fo'c'sle head and the bridge4 #ah4 ,find out if the crow's nest lookout uses glasses--what kind--where kept4 #ai4 ,find out what sort of sounding machine is used--how it works--what kind of tubes are used--where the depth scale is kept--where the tubes are kept4 ,look at the leads see if they are armed1 see if there is plenty of arming handy4 ,what kind--soap or tallow8 #bj4 ,overhaul the bridge chests--signal--navigating--put them in better order than you found them4 #ba4 ,look after the patent log--the lines--the rotators4 #bb4 ,become familiar with the entire bridge4 ,know the use of everything on it4 #bc4 ,how are the compasses adjusted8 ,rectangular magnets1 or single magnet8 #bd4 ,has the ship a ,flinder's bar8 ,where is it8 ,what is it8 ,why8 #be4 ,what are the quadrantal correctors8 ,what do they correct8 #bf4 ,where are the distress rockets8 ,are they fastened to their sticks8 ,where are the sticks8 ,when are they used8 ,how8 #bg4 ,where is the line-throwing gun8 ,how is it used8 ,where is the projectile8 ,where is the line8 ,what kind of line is it8 ,why8 #bh4 ,how many lifeboats are on board4 ,how many rafts8 ,how many ring buoys8 ,how many life preservers8 ,why8 #bi4 ,what is the required equipment of a lifeboat8 ,see if all of this is in the lifeboat to which you are assigned on the station bill4 #cj4 ,what is the equipment of a life raft8 ,how is it stowed8 ,how launched8 #ca4 ,what is your station1 at abandon ship8 ,who is in your boat8 ,what do they look like8 ,take a look at the crew assigned to your boat--know them4 #cb4 ,what kind of davits are used8 #cc4 ,what kind of releasing gear is used8 #cd4 ,are the gripes easily cast off8 ,are the falls clear8 ,are they in tubs1 as required by law8 #ce4 ,what are your duties in case of fire8 ,in case of fire in the holds1 to cargo4 ,find out about this4 #cf4 ,if the wharf caught fire1 and everyone was ashore1 that is1 all the officers1 but yourself4 ,what would you do8 ,think over it4 #cg4 ,where do the seamen live1 the firemen1 the stewards8 ,where is the glory hole8 #ch4 ,what are the duties of the boatswain8 #ci4 ,what are the duties of the carpenter8 #dj4 ,what are the duties of the quartermasters8 #da4 ,learn the details of the complete economy of the vessels4 ,how the crew and passengers are fed1 where they mess1 where stores are kept8 #db4 ,learn the routine in your department4 ,why are things done as they are8 #dc4 ,what is the ship's draft8 ,how is it recorded8 #dd4 ,where are the sounding pipes8 ,look up the framed sectional blue print of the vessel that ought to be framed in the chart room4 #de4 ,what is the tons per inch scale8 #df4 ,what is the displacement of the vessel8 #dg4 ,learn her complete dimensions4 ,length between perpendiculars4 ,length over all4 ,depth of hold4 ,moulded depth4 ,beam4 ,freeboard1 allowed by underwriters 7draft74 ,gross tonnage4 ,net tonnage4 ,horse-power4 ,speed4 ,coal consumption4 ,her most economical speed1 and tons per day4 ,her hold capacity4 ,holds and 'tween decks4 ,her tank capacity4 ,her bunker capacity4 ,her engines4 ,i4,h4,p4 type4 ,her boilers1 number1 type4 ,her wireless4 ,range4 #dh4 ,what is the vessel's signal number8 #di4 ,what is her hailing port8 #ej4 ,what is her rating1 when given8 #ea4 ,when built8 ,by whom8 ,kind of construction8 #eb4 ,look up old log books if available4 ,speed under different kinds of weather conditions4 #ec4 ,has she bilge keels8 #ed4 ,what kind of propellers1 or propeller8 ,material8 ,pitch8 ,right handed or left8 ,how will it send the vessel's head--going ahead--backing8 #ee4 ,learn everything you can about her construction1 and equipment4 #ef4 ,what is her draft when light--holds empty8 ,what is her stability when in this condition8 ,is her propeller out of water in that condition8 ,how much8 ,what is her light displacement8 ,how can you determine her stability--by means of shifting weights on deck8 #eg4 ,how many cubic feet to a ton of bunker coal8 #eh4 ,how many pounds to a cubic foot of sea water8 ,fresh water8 #ei4 ,how do you figure the cubic capacity of a lifeboat8 ,how many cubic feet allowed per person8 #fj4 ,what is the strength of a new six-inch manila line8 ,of a five-inch wire hawser8 #fa4 ,what is the tensile strength of mild steel8 ,of cast iron8 ,the compressive strength8 #fb4 ,can you figure out the safe load for a steel boom under given conditions8 ,shell and stiffening given1 supports and angle given8 ,safety factor #e4 #fc4 ,become familiar with the fittings of the holds4 ,go in1 look around and study out the plan of construction and use4 #fd4 ,find out the location and use of the following parts-- ,limbers4 ,limber boards4 ,ceiling4 ,cargo battens4 ,rose boxes 7strums1 also strainers74 ,intercostal plates4 ,keelson4 ,stringers4 ,framing4 ,beams4 ,shell plating4 ,pillars4 ,bulkheads4 ,tanks4 ,bilges4 ,smothering lines4 ,sounding pipes4 ,fire lines4 ,light connections4 ,mast partners4 ,mast wedges4 ,shaft trunk4 ,hatch coamings4 ,hatch strong backs4 ,hatch fore and afters4 ,hatch battens4 ,hatch covers4 ,wedges4 #fe4 ,where do the steam pipes lead into the holds8 #ff4 ,where are the valves located8 ,which is which8 #fg4 ,where are the plugs for cargo clusters8 #fh4 ,where are the cargo clusters kept8 ,how many are there8 #fi4 ,are they all in good condition8 #gj4 ,how much dunnage wood in the holds8 #ga4 ,what cargo was carried last8 #gb4 ,what cargo loading or coming in8 #gc4 ,how much and what kind of dunnage will be needed8 #gd4 ,who is the boss stevedore8 ,watch him4 #ge4 ,note where each ventilator leads to4 #gf4 ,get acquainted with the deck engineers4 #gg4 ,what kind of winches are used8 #gh4 ,get familiar with all details of the cargo handling gear4 ,how many booms1 capacity8 ,is gear rove off on steel boom8 ,where is it stowed8 ,in what condition8 ,how is it rigged8 #gi4 ,how many hawsers in the vessel8 ,where stowed8 ,in what condition8 #hj4 ,how many wires in the vessel8 ,what size8 ,where and how stowed8 #ha4 ,how does hand steering gear work8 ,what type of steering engine8 ,how is it locked when shifting from steam to hand8 #hb4 ,are there wave oil tanks8 ,where8 ,how is flow of oil controlled8 ,what kind of oil is used8 ,how much on board8 ,how much required by law8 #hc4 ,where are the following lockers1 and what do they contain8 ,boatswain's4 ,paint4 ,lamp4 ,sail4 #hd4 ,is there a steam line running into the paint and lamp lockers for smothering fire8 #he4 ,what kind of windlass is fitted8 ,how does it work by hand8 ,how many men needed to weight anchor by hand8 #hf4 ,do the gangways abreast of cargo hatches turn in1 lift out1 or are the rails and bulwarks stationary8 ,are the freeing ports well oiled and loose8 #hg4 ,where is the ice plant8 ,what hatch8 #hh4 ,where is the washdeck gear kept8 ,are reducers fitted on salt water line for inch and a half wash deck hose8 #hi4 ,where is the sand locker8 #ij4 ,has the vessel range lights8 #ia4 ,learn the names and condition of the stays and shrouds4 ,what strain do they bear--ordinarily--when lifting heavy weights8 #ib4 ,what kind of coaling gear is used8 #ic4 ,has the vessel a sea anchor8 ,was it over used8 #id4 ,examine the turnbuckle screws in the rigging4 ,are they covered with canvas8 ,how old8 ,are they whiteleaded and tallowed8 #ie4 ,where are the slings1 chain and rope kept8 ,in what condition8 ,how many8 #if4 ,how many net slings on board8 ,what condition8 #ig4 ,what happens when metal becomes fatigued8 ,where is this liable to happen8 ,what is a crystalline fracture8 #ih4 ,what kind of wood in the decks8 ,in the margin or waterway planks8 ,know ,oregon pine--pitch pine--yellow pine--teak1 when you see it4 #ii4 ,how are decks caulked8 ,what kind of filler is used--pitch--marine glue8 #ajj4 ,what do you know about the following parts of a steamer8 ,of her fittings1 etc48 ,anchor davits8 ,anchors8 ,awning deck8 ,ballast--water--dry8 ,beams--camber of--duty of--theory of--spacing--strength--types8 ,bilges--bilge keels8 ,boat chocks4 ,davits--cranes8 ,bollards8 ,how many1 etc8 ,bow--different kinds--framing8 ,breast hooks8 ,bridge--locations--names1 etc48 ,buckled--plates--spars8 ,bulkheads8 ,how many--what kind--where8 ,bull rope8 ,bulwarks8 ,bunkers--how many--what capacity--where8 ,buoyancy8 ,what is it8 ,reserve buoyancy8 ,bureau veritas8 ,what is it8 ,what does it do8 ,buttock lines8 ,buttstraps8 ,cables--size--weight--strength--studs-- marking--shackles-- forelocks--swivels8 ,cant frames 7old dagger knees78 ,cantilever principle--where used8 ,capstans--where--how many--what uses8 ,cargo--a big subject--takes a year or two to master it4 ,catheads8 ,cattle steamers--guards--footlocks1 etc8 ,caulking--tools--materials8 ,steel plates--wood decks8 ,ceiling8 ,cement--hydraulic--asphaltic8 ,chain--slings--for clearing limbers1 etc48 ,chart house8 ,cheek plates8 ,circulating pumps8 ,coaling hatches--ports--chutes8 ,coamings8 ,coefficient of fineness8 ,commercial efficiency of a vessel8 ,composite construction8 ,corrosion--where most prevalent--how to keep down8 ,dead weight cargo8 also measurement cargo8 ,decks--how many--where--what purpose8 ,derricks8 ,how many8 ,docking--stresses--all--data8 ,dolly--what is it8 ,donkey boiler--where--why8 ,doors--water-tight--where--how closed--how controlled8 ,double bottom8 ,see plans--study4 ,doubling plates8 ,where8 ,drain holes--in bottom8 ,elastic limit--of materials used in construction of vessel8 ,electric welding--how--how strong8 ,engine--learn all you can about it4 ,escape holes--for trimmers8 ,expansion joints--bends--trunks8 ,fair leads8 ,fans8 ,fiddley8 ,floors--rise of8 ,flush deck8 ,fore foot8 ,forgings8 ,frames8--look them over when in the hold4 ,what are ,z bars8 ,bulb angles8 ,channel bars8 ,web frames8 ,reverse frames8 ,transome frames8 ,freeboard8 ,how determined8 ,freeing ports--percentage of in bulwarks8 ,frictional1 or skin resistance8 ,galley8 ,where--how many8 ,garboard strake8 ,girders8 ,grain bulkheads8 ,gudgeons8 ,gunwale8 ,gutters8 ,half beams8 ,hatches--how many--where--names8 ,booby hatch8 ,hawse pipes8 ,clearing hawse8 ,heeling8 ,hogging8 ,hydraulic derricks--principle8 ,insulation of holds8 ,isherwood system of framing8 ,jogged framing8 ,jib-booms8 ,keel--kind1 plate1 bilge8 ,keelson8 ,where--why8 ,knighthead frame8 ,lapped joints8 ,launching--how done8 ,limbers--limber boards8 ,lloyd's--register--rules8 ,load line8 ,longitudinal bulkheads--framing8 ,manholes--where--why8 ,margin plates8 ,masts--caps--coats--holes--partners--st eps--stiffeners--telescopic-- wedges8 ,bending forces--,buckling--failure--material--pa inting interior--rake--strength of8 ,natural draft8 ,neutral axis of a beam8 ,oil fuel--flash point8 ,oxy-acetylene blow pipe--how used8 ,paints--what kind used aboard ship--how mixed8 ,where stowed-- ,how much used8 ,what surface will gallon cover8 ,how long in applying8 ,panting--what is it--have you noticed it at sea1 etc48 ,peak tanks--fore peak--what stowed there8 ,pillars--stations1 etc8 ,their function8 ,pintles8 ,plating--how thick--how joined8 ,portland cement--same as hydraulic--what uses8 ,pratigue--what is it8 ,propellers--how many--what kind--pitch--motion8 ,pressure--steam--in deck lines--main boilers--donkey boilers--water pressure--under bottom8 ,pumps--where are hand pumps--what will they throw--do they work8 ,quadrant tiller--how connected to steering engine8 ,red lead--use of8 ,relieving tackles for steering gear--how rove8 ,rigging--chain plates--screws--spread of--strength of8 ,rivets--in what kind of shear8 ,pitch--strength8 ,rolling chocks 7bilge keels78 ,rudder--angle of--balanced1 or not--cross head--how supported8 ,sanitary tanks--where located--how filled8 ,scuppers where located8 ,are those on deck house tops clear8 ,scantlings--what do they include8 ,shaft--bearings--stools--tube--tunnel8 ,sheathing--wood--copper8 ,sheer8 ,shell plating8 ,skylights8 ,sounding pipes--rods--how marked--how used8 ,spar deck8 ,sponsons8 ,steel strength of--tensile--shearing--compressive8 ,stem8 ,steering gear--learn all about it4 ,stem--ordinary--cruiser8 ,stoke holds 7fire rooms78 ,stress8 ,strain8 ,stringers8 ,duty of8 ,surveys--purpose--by whom8 ,sweating--cork paint8 ,tail shaft--where--after gland--what8 ,tanks--how lined--where8 ,thrust block8 ,ventilation--how accomplished--natural or blower8 ,vibration8--note it at sea4 ,water ballast--part of tank data8 ,water line8 ,water-tight doors--where--how managed8 ,well decks8 ,winches8 ,yards--if any8 ,zincs--what used for--why8 ,a young officer must become an enthusiast about a vessel2 everything on board must be known to him1 if he cares to rise in his profession4 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,cadets ,under the laws establishing an ocean mail service certain vessels so engaged are required to carry cadets4 ,excerpts from this law follow3 ,,ocean ,,mail ,,service ,said vessels shall take1 as cadets or apprentices1 one ,american-born boy1 under twenty-one years of age for each one thousand tons gross register1 and one for each majority fraction thereof1 who shall be educated in the duties of seamanship1 rank as petty officers1 and receive such pay for their services as may be reasonable4 ,the system of carrying cadets is sound in principle1 but in many instances the law has been carried out according to a peculiar interpretation of the phrase ,shall be educated in the duties of seamanship4 ,education is a term of wide meaning1 but seamanship or the ,duties of ,seamanship is at least fairly definite4 ,the whole cadet system should be put upon a definite basis of regular instruction1 or else be done away with4 ,many of us can remember a scouting party hurrying across ,west ,street to pick up a cadet or two1 so the good ship could go to sea in full compliance with the law4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,,laws ,,defining ,,officers ,,of ,,merchant ,,vessels ,citizenship of officers4 ,all the officers of vessels of the ,united ,states who shall have charge of a watch1 including pilots1 shall in all cases be citizens of the ,united ,states4 ,metlakahtla ,indians excepted by act1 ,march #d1 #aijg4 7,r4 ,s41 #daca47 ,the word officers shall include the chief engineer and each assistant engineer in charge of a watch on vessels propelled wholly or in part by steam2 and after the first day of ,january1 eighteen hundred and ninety-seven1 no person shall be qualified to hold a license as a commander or watch officer of a merchant vessel of the ,united ,states who is not a native-born citizen1 or whose naturalization as a citizen shall not have been fully completed4 7,may #bh1 #ahif2 sec4 #a47 ,in cases where on a foreign voyage1 or on a voyage from an ,atlantic to a ,pacific port of the ,united ,states1 any such vessel is for any reason deprived of the services of an officer below the grade of master1 his place1 or a vacancy caused by the promotion of another officer to such place1 may be supplied by a person not a citizen of the ,united ,states until the first return of such vessel to its home port2 and such vessel shall not be liable to any penalty or penal tax for such employment of an alien officer4 7,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #a2 ,may #bh1 #ahif2 sec4 #c47 ,the ,president of the ,united ,states is hereby authorized1 whenever in his discretion the needs of foreign commerce may require1 to suspend by order1 so far and for such length of time as he may deem desirable1 the provisions of law prescribing that all the watch officers of vessels of the ,united ,states registered for foreign trade shall be citizens of the ,united ,states4 7,aug4 #ah1 #aiad2 sec4 #b47 99 99 99 99 99 ,the provisions of law prescribing that the watch officers of vessels of the ,united ,states registered for foreign trade shall be citizens of the ,united ,states are hereby suspended so far and for such length of time as is herein provided1 namely3 ,all foreign-built ships which shall be admitted to ,united ,states registry under said act may retain the watch officers employed thereon1 without regard to citizenship1 for seven years from this date1 and such watch officers shall be eligible for promotion4 ,any vacancy occurring among such watch officers within two years from this date may be filled without regard to citizenship2 but any vacancy which may occur thereafter shall be filled by a watch officer who is a citizen of the ,united ,states4 99 99 99 7,executive order1 ,sept4 #d1 #aiad47 ,watch officers who are not citizens4 ,executive order of ,sept4 #a1 #aiaf3 #a4 ,the provisions of the law prescribing that the watch officers of vessels of the ,united ,states registered for foreign trade shall be citizens of the ,united ,states1 are hereby suspended so far and for such length of time as is herein provided1 namely3 ,all watch officers now employed on foreign-built ships which have been admitted to ,united ,states registry under said ,act who1 heretofore1 have declared their intention to become citizens of the ,united ,states and watch officers on such ships who1 within six months from this date1 shall declare their intention to become such citizens shall be entitled to serve on foreign-built ships so registered until the time shall have expired within which they may become such citizens under their declarations1 and shall be eligible for promotion upon any foreign-built ship so registered4 ,duration of licenses4 ,all licenses issued to such officers shall be for a term of five years1 but the holder of a license may have the same renewed for another five years in the manner prescribed in the rules and regulations of the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors3 ,provided1 however1 ,that any officer holding a license1 and who is engaged in a service which necessitates his continuous absence from the ,united ,states1 may make application in writing for renewal and transmit the same to the board of local inspectors1 with his certificate of citizenship1 if naturalized1 and a statement of the applicant1 verified before a consul or other officer of the ,united ,states authorized to administer an oath1 setting forth the reasons for not appearing in person2 and upon receiving the same the board of local inspectors that originally issued such license shall renew the same and shall notify the applicant of such renewal3 ,provided further1 ,that no license as master1 mate1 or pilot of any class of vessel shall be renewed without furnishing a satisfactory certificate of examination as to color blindness4 ,and in all cases where the issue is the suspension or revocation of such licenses1 whether before the local boards of inspectors 7of steam vessels71 as provided for in section forty-four hundred and fifty of the ,revised ,statutes1 or before the supervising inspectors1 as provided for in section forty-four hundred and fifty-two of the ,revised ,statutes1 the accused shall be allowed to appear by counsel and to testify in his own behalf4 7,may #bh1 #ahif2 sec4 #b2 ,oct4 #bb1 #aiad47 ,service during war4 ,no master1 mate1 pilot1 or engineer of steam vessels licensed under title fifty-two ,r4 ,s41 #dcii-dejj of the ,revised ,statutes shall be liable to draft in time of war1 except for the performance of duties such as required by his license2 and1 while performing such duties in the service of the ,united ,states1 every such master1 mate1 pilot1 or engineer shall be entitled to the highest rate of wages paid in the merchant marine of the ,united ,states for similar services2 and1 if killed or wounded while performing such duties under the ,united ,states1 they1 or their heirs1 or their legal representatives shall be entitled to all the privileges accorded to soldiers and sailors serving in the ,army and ,navy1 under the pension laws of the ,united ,states4 7,may #bh1 #ahif2 sec4 #b47 ,officer's license4 ,the boards of local inspectors shall license and classify the masters1 chief mates1 and second and third mates1 if in charge of a watch1 engineers1 and pilots of all steam vessels1 and the masters of sail vessels of over seven hundred gross tons1 and all other vessels of over one hundred gross tons carrying passengers for hire4 ,it shall be unlawful to employ any person1 or for any person to serve1 as a master1 chief mate1 engineer1 or pilot of any steamer or as master of any sail vessel of over seven hundred gross tons1 or of any other vessel of over one hundred gross tons carrying passengers for hire1 who is not licensed by the inspectors2 and anyone violating this section shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars for each offense4 ,see act ,june #i1 #aiaj1 p4 #cea4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddch2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 ,jan4 #be1 #aijg2 ,may #bh1 #aijh2 sec4 #b47 ,every master1 mate1 engineer1 and pilot who shall receive a license shall1 when employed upon any vessel1 within forty-eight hours after going on duty1 place his certificate of license1 which shall be framed under glass1 in some conspicuous place in such vessel1 where it can be seen by passengers and others at all times3 ,provided1 ,that in case of emergency such officer may be transferred to another vessel of the same owners for a period not exceeding forty-eight hours without the transfer of his license to such other vessel2 and for every neglect to comply with this provision by any such master1 mate1 engineer1 or pilot1 he shall be subject to a fine of one hundred dollars1 or to the revocation of his license4 ,see act ,june #i1 #aiaj1 p4 #cea4 7,r4 ,s41 #dddf2 ,feb4 #ai1 #aijg47 ,master's license4 ,whenever any person applies to be licensed as master of any steam vessel1 or of a sail vessel of over seven hundred tons1 the inspectors shall make diligent inquiry as to his character1 and shall carefully examine the applicant as well as the proofs which he presents in support of his claim1 and if they are satisfied that his capacity1 experience1 habits of life1 and character are such as warrant the belief that he can safely be intrusted with the duties and responsibilities of the station for which he makes application1 they shall grant him a license authorizing him to discharge such duties on any such vessel for the term of five years2 but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory proof of bad conduct1 intemperate habits1 incapacity1 inattention to his duties1 or the willful violation of any provision of this title ,r4 ,s41 #dcii-dejj applicable to him4 ,see act ,june #i1 #aiaj1 p4 #cea4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddci2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #b47 ,mate's license4 ,whenever any person applies for authority to be employed as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels or of sail vessels of over seven hundred tons1 or as second or third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 who shall have charge of a watch1 or whenever any person applies for authority to be employed as mate of river steamers1 the inspectors shall require satisfactory evidence of the knowledge1 experience1 and skill of the applicant in lading cargo and in handling and stowage of freight1 and if for license as chief mate on ocean or coastwise steamers1 or of sail vessels of over seven hundred tons1 or as second or third mate of ocean or coastwise steamers1 who shall have charge of a watch1 shall also examine him as to his knowledge and ability in navigation and managing such vessels and all other duties pertaining to his station1 and if satisfied of his qualifications and good character they shall grant him a license authorizing him to perform such duties for the term of five years upon the waters upon which he is found qualified to act2 but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory proof of bad conduct1 intemperate habits1 unskillfulness1 or want of knowledge of the duties of his station or the willful violation of any provision of this title ,r4 ,s41 #dcii-dejj4 ,see act ,june #i1aiaj1 p4 #cea4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddd;c2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #c47 ,engineer's license4 ,whenever any person applies for authority to perform the duties of engineer of any steam-vessel1 the inspectors shall examine the applicant as to his knowledge of steam-machinery1 and his experience as an engineer1 and also the proofs which he produces in support of his claim2 and if1 upon full consideration1 they are satisfied that his character1 habits of life1 knowledge1 and experience in the duties of an engineer are all such as to authorize the belief that he is a suitable and safe person to be intrusted with the powers and duties of such a station1 they shall grant him a license1 authorizing him to be employed in such duties for the term of five years1 in which they shall assign him to the appropriate class of engineers2 but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory proof of negligence1 unskillfulness1 intemperance1 or the willful violation of any provision of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #dcii-dejj4 ,whenever complaint is made against any engineer holding a license authorizing him to take charge of the boilers and machinery of any steamer1 that he has1 through negligence or want of skill1 permitted the boilers in his charge to burn or otherwise become in bad condition1 or that he has not kept his engine and machinery in good working order1 it shall be the duty of the inspectors1 upon satisfactory proof of such negligence or want of skill1 to revoke the license of such engineer and assign him to a lower grade or class of engineers1 if they find him fitted therefor4 ,see act ,june #i1 #aiaj1 p4 #cea4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddda2 ,may #bh1 #ahif47 ,pilot's license4 ,whenever any person claiming to be a skillful pilot of steam-vessels offers himself for a license1 the inspectors shall make diligent inquiry as to his character and merits1 and if satisfied1 from personal examination of the applicant1 with the proof that he offers that he possesses the requisite knowledge and skill1 and is trustworthy and faithful1 they shall grant him a license for the term of five years to pilot any such vessel within the limits prescribed in the license2 but such license shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory evidence of negligence1 unskillfulness1 inattention to the duties of his station1 or intemperance1 or the willful violation of any provision of this title ,r4 ,s41 #dcii-dejj4 ,see act ,june #i1 #aiaj1 p4 #cea4 7,r4 ,s41 #dddb2 ,may #bh1 #ahif47 ,master or mate acting as pilot4 ,where the master or mate is also pilot of the vessel1 he shall not be required to hold two licenses to perform such duties1 but the license issued shall state on its face that he is authorized to act in such double capacity4 ,see act ,june #i1 p4 #cea4 7,r4 ,s41 #dddc47 ,oath of officer4 ,every master1 chief mate1 engineer1 and pilot1 who receives a license1 shall1 before entering upon his duties1 make oath before one of the inspectors herein provided for1 to be recorded with the certificate1 that he will faithfully and honestly1 according to his best skill and judgment1 without concealment or reservation1 perform all the duties required of him by law4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddde47 ,every applicant for license as either master1 mate1 pilot1 or engineer under the provisions of this title ,r4 ,s41 #dcii-dejj shall make and subscribe to an oath of affirmation1 before one of the inspectors referred to in this title1 to the truth of all the statements set forth in his application for such license4 ,any person who shall make or subscribe to any oath or affirmation authorized in this title and knowing the same to be false shall be deemed guilty of perjury4 ,every licensed master1 mate1 pilot1 or engineer who shall change1 by addition1 interpolation1 or erasure of any kind1 any certificate or license issued by any inspector or inspectors referred to in this title shall1 for every such offense1 upon conviction1 be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars or by imprisonment at hard labor for a term not exceeding three years4 7,mar4 #bc1 #aijj47 ,removal of master4 ,any person or body corporate having more than one-half ownership of any vessel shall have the power to remove a master1 who is also part owner of such vessel1 as such majority owners have to remove a master not an owner4 ,this section shall not apply where there is a valid written agreement subsisting1 by virtue of which such master would be entitled to possession1 nor in any case where a master has possession as part owner1 obtained before the ninth day of ,april1 eighteen hundred and seventy-two4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbej47 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,the ,,examination ,,for ,,licenses--,,master ,,and ,,mates ,original ,licenses4 ,before an original license is issued to any person to act as a master1 mate1 pilot1 or engineer he shall personally appear before some local board or a supervising inspector for examination4 ,any person who has attained the age of #ai years and has had the necessary experience shall be eligible for examination3 ,provided1 ,that no person shall receive a license as master or chief engineer before reaching the age of #ba years4 ,inspectors shall1 before granting an original license to any person to act as an officer of a vessel1 require the applicant to make written application upon the blank form furnished by the ,department of ,commerce1 to be filed in the inspectors' office4 ,when practicable1 applicants for master's1 mate's1 pilot's1 or engineer's license shall present to the inspectors1 to be filed with their application1 discharges or letters from the master or other officer under whom they have served1 certifying to the name of the vessel and in what capacity the applicant has served under him2 also period of such service4 ,inspectors shall also1 when practicable1 require applicant for pilot's license to have the written indorsement of the master and engineer of the vessel upon which he has served1 and of one licensed pilot1 as to his qualifications4 ,in the case of applicants for original engineer's license1 they shall also1 when practicable1 have the indorsement of the master and engineer of a vessel on which they have served1 together with one other licensed engineer4 ,the first license issued to any person by a ,united ,states inspector shall be considered an original license1 where the ,united ,states records show no previous issue to such applicant4 ,no original license shall be issued to any naturalized citizen on less experience in any grade than would have been required of a citizen of the ,united ,states by birth4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddje47 ,the requirements for a license have been greatly modified1 and the following circular letter sets forth the minimum technical knowledge necessary to pass the examiners3 ,,department ,,of ,,commerce ,,steamboat ,,inspection ,,service ,,washington ,june #ac1 #aiag4 ,u4 ,s4 ,supervising and ,local ,inspectors1 ,steamboat-,inspection ,service4 ,under the provisions of ,section #ddje1 ,revised ,statutes of the ,united ,states1 as amended by the act of ,congress approved ,february #h1 #aijg1 the executive committee of the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors1 ,steamboat-,inspection ,service1 at a called meeting held in ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 from ,june #d to #ab1 inclusive1 #aiag1 adopted the following resolutions3 ,these amendments of the rules1 having received the approval of the ,secretary of ,commerce on ,june #ab1 #aiag1 have now the force of law1 and must be observed accordingly4 ,renewal of licenses4 ,resolved1 ,that section #h1 ,rule ,v1 ,general ,rules and ,regulations1 all classes1 be struck out and the following substituted therefor3 #h4 ,whenever an officer shall apply for a renewal of his license for the same grade1 the presentation of the old license with oath of officer shall be considered sufficient evidence of his title to renewal1 which old license and oath of office shall be retained by the inspectors upon their official files as the evidence upon which the license was renewed4 ,whenever a licensed officer makes application for a renewal of his license1 he shall appear in person before some board of local inspectors or supervising inspector1 except that upon renewal of such license for the same grade1 when the distance from any local board or supervising inspector is such as to put the person holding the same to great inconvenience and expense to appear in person1 he may1 upon taking oath of office before any person authorized to administer oaths1 and forwarding the same1 together with the license to be renewed1 to the local board or supervising inspector of the district in which he resides or is employed1 have the same renewed by the said inspectors1 if no valid reason to the contrary be known to them2 and they shall attach such oath to the stub end of the license1 which is to be retained on file in their office3 ,provided1 however1 ,that any officer holding a license1 and who is engaged in a service which necessitates his continuous absence from the ,united ,states1 may make application in writing for renewal and transmit the same to the board of local inspectors1 with its certificate of citizenship1 if naturalized1 and a statement of the applicant1 verified before a consul or other officer of the ,united ,states authorized to administer an oath1 setting forth the reasons for not appearing in person2 and upon receiving the same the board of local inspectors that originally issued such license shall renew the same and shall notify the applicant of such renewal1 and no license as master1 mate1 or pilot of any class of vessel shall be renewed without a certificate that the color sense of the applicant is normal4 7,r4 ,s41 #ddje1 #ddch47 ,amendments of general rules and regulations1 ocean and coastwise4 ,resolved3 ,that sections #bj to #cj1 both inclusive1 ,rule ,v1 ,general ,rules and ,regulations1 ,ocean and ,coastwise1 be struck out and the following substituted therefor3 ,substituting service in next lower grade for raise of grade4 #bj4 ,except as hereinafter provided1 an applicant who has served in a lower grade than that for which he is licensed may substitute service in the grade next below that for which he is licensed1 which service shall count one-half in computing experience for raise of grade4 ,for example1 if an applicant holds chief mate's license and has served nine months as chief mate and six months as second mate1 the six months' service as second mate shall count as three months as chief mate in computing experience4 ,master of ocean steam vessels4 #ba4 ,an applicant for license as master of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience3 ,first4 ,one year's service as chief mate of ocean steam vessels1 or ,second4 ,two years' service as second mate of ocean steam vessels1 one year of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels1 or ,third4 ,two years' service as watch officer actually in charge of a bridge watch on ocean steam vessels1 while holding a license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels1 or ,fourth4 ,five years' service as third mate of ocean steam vessels1 two years of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels1 or ,fifth4 ,five years' service on ocean sail vessels of #cjj gross tons or over1 two years of such service while holding a license as master of sail vessels1 or ,sixth4 ,one year's service as master or chief mate of coastwise steam vessels4 ,examination for master of ocean steam vessels4 #bb4 ,an applicant for license as master of ocean steam vessels shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects3 #a4 ,latitude by meridian altitude of the sun4 #b4 ,latitude by ex-meridian altitude of the sun4 #c4 ,latitude by meridian altitude of a star4 #d4 ,latitude by pole star4 #e4 ,longitude by chronometer 7,a4,m4 and ,p4,m474 #f4 ,position by ,sumner's method4 #g4 ,day's work4 #h4 ,mercator's sailing4 #i4 ,deviation of the compass by an amplitude4 #aj4 ,deviation of the compass by an azimuth4 #aa4 ,time of high water at a given port4 #ab4 ,chart navigation4 #ac4 ,storm signals4 #ad4 ,international code of signals4 #ae4 ,international rules for preventing collisions at sea4 #af4 ,use of gun and rocket apparatus for saving life from shipwreck1 as practiced by the ,united ,states ,coast ,guard4 #ag4 ,such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require4 ,masters of coastwise steam vessels4 #bc4 ,an applicant for license as master of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience3 ,first4 ,one year's service as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,second4 ,two years' service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 one year of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,third4 ,five years' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 two years of such service while holding a license as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,fourth4 ,one year's service as master of lake1 bay1 or sound steam vessels and in addition thereto one year's service as second mate1 third mate1 quartermaster or wheelsman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as master of lake1 bay1 or sound steam vessels1 or ,fifth4 ,five years' service on ocean or coastwise sail vessels of #cjj gross tons or over1 two years of which service shall have been as master1 or ,sixth4 ,one year's service as a licensed master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of #gjj gross tons or over1 or ,seventh4 ,two years' service as master of lake1 bay1 or sound towing steam vessels for license as master of coastwise towing steam vessels of #cjj gross tons or under4 ,in cases where the experience of an applicant for license as master of coastwise steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section1 other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified4 ,examination for master of coastwise steam vessels4 #bd4 ,an applicant for license as master of coastwise steam vessels on routes exceeding #cjj miles shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects3 #a4 ,latitude by meridian altitude of the sun4 #b4 ,latitude by pole star4 #c4 ,day's work4 #d4 ,determination of distance from a fixed object4 #e4 ,chart navigation4 #f4 ,international rules for preventing collisions at sea4 #g4 ,storm signals4 #h4 ,use of gun and rocket apparatus for saving life from shipwreck1 as practiced by the ,united ,states ,coast ,guard4 #i4 ,such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require4 ,an applicant for license as master of coastwise steam vessels on route not exceeding #cjj miles shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects3 #a4 ,chart navigation4 #b4 ,aids to navigation on route4 #c4 ,determination of distance from a fixed object4 #d4 ,international rules for preventing collisions at sea4 #e4 ,storm signals4 #f4 ,such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require ,masters of sail vessels4 #be4 ,an applicant for license as master of sail vessels of over #gjj gross tons shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience3 ,first4 ,five years' service in the deck department of sail vessels of #bjj gross tons or over1 one year of such service shall have been as master of sail vessels of #ejj gross tons or over1 or ,second4 ,two years' service as master of sail vessels of #bjj gross tons or over1 or ,third4 ,two years' service as mate of sail vessels of #ejj gross tons or over1 or ,fourth4 ,two years' service as master of auxiliary sail vessels of #ajj gross tons or over4 ,in cases where the experience of an applicant for license as master of sail vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section1 other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified4 ,examination for license as master of sail vessels4 #bf4 ,an applicant for license as master of sail vessels shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects3 #a4 ,latitude by meridian altitude of the sun4 #b4 ,latitude by pole star4 #c4 ,longitude by chronometer 7,a4,m4 and ,p4,m474 #d4 ,day's work4 #e4 ,mercator's sailing4 #f4 ,deviation of the compass by an amplitude4 #g4 ,deviation of the compass by an azimuth4 #h4 ,chart navigation4 #i4 ,international code of signals4 #aj4 ,storm signals4 #aa4 ,international rules for preventing collisions at sea4 #ab4 ,use of gun and rocket apparatus for saving life from shipwreck1 as practiced by the ,u4 ,s4 ,coast ,guard4 #ac4 ,such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require4 ,chief mate of ocean steam vessels4 #bg4 ,an applicant for license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience3 ,first4 ,one year's service as a licensed second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,second4 ,two years' service as watch officer on ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 while holding license as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,third4 ,two years' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 one year of such service while holding a license as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,fourth4 ,two years' service as master of lake1 bay1 or sound steam vessels of #a1jjj gross tons or over1 or ,fifth4 ,five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of #bjj gross tons or over1 two years of which service as chief mate of such ocean or coastwise sail vessels1 or ,sixth4 ,two years' service in the deck department of steam vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries1 one year of such service to have been as master of such vessels1 or ,seventh4 ,five years' service in the deck department of sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries1 two years of such service to have been as master of such vessels4 ,in cases where the experience of an applicant for license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section1 other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified4 ,second mate of ocean steam vessels4 #bh4 ,an applicant for license as second mate of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he shall have furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience3 ,first4 ,one year's service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,second4 ,three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 one year of such service shall have been as watch officer or quartermaster on such vessels1 or ,third4 ,a graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship together with three months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,fourth4 ,three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of #bjj gross tons or over1 one year of such service shall have been as second mate of such vessels1 or ,fifth4 ,one year's service as quartermaster of ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,sixth4 ,three years' service as a seaman in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels together with one year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,seventh4 ,five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of #ajj gross tons or over4 ,service on sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries shall be accepted as meeting the requirements of this paragraph1 or ,eighth4 ,one year's service as first-class pilot of lake1 bay1 or sound steam vessels of #ejj gross tons or over1 together with three months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,ninth4 ,one year's service as master of lake1 bay1 or sound steam vessels of #ejj gross tons or over ,in cases where the experience of an applicant for license as second mate of ocean steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section1 other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified4 ,examination for license as chief mate and second mate of ocean steam vessels4 #bi4 ,an applicant for license as chief mate or second mate of ocean steam vessels shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects3 #a4 ,latitude by meridian altitude of the sun4 #b4 ,latitude by meridian altitude of a star4 #c4 ,longitude by chronometer 7,a4,m4 and ,p4,m474 #d4 ,deviation of the compass by an amplitude4 #e4 ,deviation of the compass by an azimuth4 #f4 ,day's work4 #g4 ,mercator's sailing4 #h4 ,determination of distance from a fixed object4 #i4 ,chart navigation4 #aj4 ,storm signals4 #aa4 ,international code of signals4 #ab4 ,international rules for preventing collisions at sea4 #ac4 ,stowage of cargo4 #ad4 ,use of gun and rocket apparatus for saving life from shipwreck1 as practiced by the ,united ,states ,coast ,guard4 #ae4 ,such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require4 ,third mate of ocean steam vessels4 #cj4 ,an applicant for license as third mate of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience3 ,first4 ,two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,second4 ,three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels1 or ,third4 ,a graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship1 or ,fourth4 ,one year's service as master or pilot of lake1 bay1 or sound steamers4 ,in cases where the experience of an applicant for license as third mate of ocean steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section1 other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified4 ,examination for license as third mate of ocean steam vessels4 #ca4 ,an applicant for license as third mate of ocean steam vessels shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects3 #a4 ,latitude by meridian altitude of the sun4 #b4 ,day's work4 #c4 ,mercator's sailing4 #d4 ,determination of distance from a fixed object4 #e4 ,chart navigation4 #f4 ,international rules for preventing collisions at sea4 #g4 ,stowage of cargo4 #h4 ,storm signals4 #i4 ,such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require4 ,chief mate of coastwise steam vessels4 #cb4 ,an applicant for chief mate of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience3 ,first4 ,one year's service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,second4 ,one year's service as first-class pilot of lake1 bay1 sound steam vessels1 together with one year's service as quartermaster or wheelsman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as first-class pilot of lake1 bay1 or sound steam vessels1 or ,third4 ,two years' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,fourth4 ,two years' service in the deck department of steam vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries1 one year of such service to have been as master of such vessels1 or ,fifth4 ,five years' service in the deck department of sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries1 two years' of such service to have been as master of such vessels1 or ,sixth4 ,two years' service as master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of #bjj gross tons or over1 or ,seventh4 ,three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels of #ejj gross tons or under1 or ,eighth4 ,two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels together with one year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels of #ejj gross tons or under1 or ,ninth4 ,one year's service as master or two years' service as first-class pilot of lake1 bay1 or sound towing steam vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise towing steam vessels of #cjj gross tons or under4 ,in cases where the experience of an applicant for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section1 other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified4 ,second mate of coastwise steam vessels4 #cc4 ,an applicant for license as second mate of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience3 ,first4 ,one year's service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,second4 ,one year's service as quartermaster or wheelsman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,third4 ,three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,fourth4 ,two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels together with one year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,fifth4 ,a graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship together with three months' service in the deck department of an ocean or coastwise steam vessel1 or ,sixth4 ,one year's service as a licensed master of lake1 bay1 or sound steam vessels1 or ,seventh4 ,two years' service as first-class pilot of lake1 bay1 or sound steam vessels1 or ,eighth4 ,one year's service as first-class pilot of lake1 bay1 or sound steam vessels1 together with three months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,ninth4 ,one year's service as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels engaged in the fisheries1 or ,tenth4 ,one year's service as master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels engaged in the fisheries4 ,in cases where the experience of an applicant for license as second mate of coastwise steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section1 other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified4 ,third mate of coastwise steam vessels4 #cd4 ,an applicant for license as third mate of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience3 ,first4 ,two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels1 or ,second4 ,three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels1 or ,third4 ,a graduate from the seamanship class of a nautical school ship1 or ,fourth4 ,one year's service as master or first-class pilot of lake1 bay1 or sound steam vessels4 ,in cases where the experience of an applicant for license as third mate of coastwise steam vessels does not meet the specific requirements of this section1 other service which the local inspectors consider a fair and reasonable equivalent may be accepted by them in lieu of the service herein specified4 ,examination for license as chief mate and second mate of coastwise steam vessels4 #ce4 ,an applicant for license as chief mate or second mate of coastwise steam vessels on routes exceeding #fjj miles shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects3 #a4 ,latitude by meridian altitude of the sun4 #b4 ,day's work4 #c4 ,determination of distance from a fixed object4 #d4 ,international rules for preventing collisions at sea4 #e4 ,chart navigation4 #f4 ,stowage of cargo4 #g4 ,storm signals4 #h4 ,such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require4 ,an applicant for license as chief mate or second mate of coastwise steam vessels on routes of #fjj miles or less shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects3 #a4 ,chart navigation4 #b4 ,aids to navigation on route4 #c4 ,determination of distance from a fixed object4 #d4 ,marking of lead line4 #e4 ,international rules for preventing collisions at sea4 #f4 ,storm signals4 #g4 ,such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require4 ,examination for license as third mate of coastwise steam vessels4 #cf4 ,an applicant for license as third mate of coastwise steam vessels shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects3 #a4 ,chart navigation4 #b4 ,determination of distance from a fixed object4 #c4 ,international rules for preventing collisions at sea4 #d4 ,marking lead line4 #e4 ,storm signals4 #f4 ,such further examination of a non-mathematical character as the local inspectors may require4 ,indorsement of ,inland ,licenses for ,ocean ,service4 ,resolved1 ,that whenever it may appear to the satisfaction of the ,supervising ,inspector ,general1 that the demand for licensed officers for ocean and coastwise vessels of the ,american merchant marine is such that it cannot be met under existing requirements and regulations he may authorize local inspectors to indorse the license of officers of lake1 bay1 and sound steam vessels for ocean or coastwise service for a period not to exceed six months or until such officer shall have passed a satisfactory examination for ocean or coastwise service within this period4 ,officers whose licenses have been so indorsed shall present themselves for examination at the earliest possible opportunity after said indorsement4 ,amendments of ,general ,rules and ,regulations for ,bays1 ,sounds1 and ,lakes ,other than the ,great ,lakes4 ,experience ,qualifications of ,officers ,eliminated4 ,resolved1 ,that for the present and until further notice1 sections #bj1 #ba1 #bc1 #bf1 #ca and #cb of ,rule ,v1 ,general ,rules and ,regulations applying to ,lakes 7other than the ,great ,lakes71 ,bays1 and ,sounds1 be struck out1 and local inspectors notified that hereafter in issuing licenses to officers of vessels within this classification they may exercise the judgment and discretion vested in them by the law1 without regard to the experience required by the rules and regulations the sufficiency of such experience to be determined by the local inspectors when the candidate applies for examination4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,the ,,watch ,,officer ,the ,officer of the ,watch or the ,watch ,officer1 as he is usually termed in the ,merchant ,service1 is the deck officer who has charge of the vessel while under way at sea4 ,on other occasions1 if stopped through trouble1 or because of communication with other vessels1 or on occasions requiring special maneuvering1 as in coming in and out of port1 rescues at sea1 etc41 the ,master assumes full charge4 ,the ,watch ,officers4 ,the watch officers are usually the ,chief1 ,second and ,third ,mates1 on vessels of moderate tonnage4 ,in larger craft different watches are arranged4 ,then the ,chief ,mate may stand no regular bridge watch1 and the ,second1 ,third1 and ,fourth ,mates take this duty4 ,in some liners it is the custom to style the watch officers1 all second officers2 namely ,senior1 ,junior1 and ,extra1 ,second ,officers4 ,these are usually all master mariners4 ,junior officers of the watch are also on the bridge1 attend to the conning of the course1 the working of navigation and bearings1 and the keeping of the bridge log1 which is signed by the senior watch officer at the end of the watch4 ,importance of ,watch ,duty4 ,for a long time a slipshod method of keeping watch prevailed in certain steamers1 the outgrowth of second-rate sailing-ship practice1 where thrifty1 but ill-informed1 masters1 insisted on their watch officers keeping busy during the day4 ,it was thought advisable by these gentlemen to have the officer on the bridge with nothing to do attend to a bit of sewing on canvas1 or help out with the painting1 and what not4 ,of course such masters were doomed to the scrap heap where they belong4 ,a few miles added to the coal bill1 through slovenly daytime steering1 with kinks in the course as well as in the seams sewed by the misused officer1 soon brought about reform4 ,added to this a certain danger1 such as running down submerged hulls1 and the like--with the thing happening once or twice1 helped to wake up owners4 ,also1 the bumping of two of these economical 7and lubberly7 craft1 may have helped too4 ,,from ,,navigation ,,laws ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,the board of local inspectors shall make an entry in the certificate of inspection of every ocean and coastwise seagoing merchant vessel of the ,united ,states propelled by machinery1 and every ocean-going vessel carrying passengers1 the minimum number of licensed deck officers required for her safe navigation according to the following scale3 ,that no such vessel shall be navigated unless she shall have on board and in her service one duly licensed master4 7,mar4 #c1 #aiac2 sec4 #b47 ,three watches4 ,that every such vessel of one thousand gross tons and over1 propelled by machinery1 shall have in her service and on board three licensed mates1 who shall stand in three watches while such vessel is being navigated1 unless such vessel is engaged in a run of less than four hundred miles from the port of departure to the port of final destination1 then such vessel shall have two licensed mates2 and every vessel of two hundred gross tons and less than one thousand gross tons1 propelled by machinery1 shall have two licensed mates4 ,that every such vessel of one hundred gross tons and under two hundred gross tons1 propelled by machinery1 shall have on board and in her service one licensed mate2 but if such vessel is engaged in a trade in which the time required to make the passage from the port of departure to the port of destination exceeds twenty-four hours1 then such vessel shall have two licensed mates4 ,that nothing in this section shall be so construed as to prevent local inspectors from increasing the number of licensed officers on any vessel subject to the inspection laws of the ,united ,states if1 in their judgment1 such vessel is not sufficiently manned for her safe navigation3 ,provided1 ,that this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels1 yachts1 or motor boats as defined in the ,act of ,june ninth1 nineteen hundred and ten4 ,rest before going on watch4 ,it shall be unlawful for the master1 owner1 agent1 or other person having authority1 to permit an officer of any vessel to take charge of the deck watch of the vessel upon leaving or immediately after leaving port1 unless such officer shall have had at least six hours off duty within the twelve hours immediately preceding the time of sailing1 and no licensed officer on any ocean or coastwise vessel shall be required to do duty to exceed nine hours of any twenty-four while in port1 including the date of arrival1 or more than twelve hours of any twenty-four at sea1 except in a case of emergency when life or property is endangered4 ,any violation of this section shall subject the person or persons guilty thereof to a penalty of one hundred dollars4 7,sec4 #c47 ,master ,liable4 ,the improper keeping of watch comes clearly under the head of negligence1 or even misconduct1 and the law governing this is of importance4 ,the penalty1 when death results from such negligence1 misconduct1 etc4 is ,,ten ,,thousand ,,dollars ,,fine or ,,imprisonment ,,for ,,ten ,,years1 ,,or ,,both4 ,the law is given below3 ,death from negligence1 misconduct1 etc4 ,every captain1 engineer1 pilot1 or other person employed on any steamboat or vessel1 by whose misconduct1 negligence1 or inattention to his duties on such vessel the life of any person is destroyed1 and every owner1 charterer1 inspector1 or other public officer1 through whose fraud1 neglect1 connivance1 misconduct1 or violation of law the life of any person is destroyed1 shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than ten years1 or both3 ,provided1 ,that when the owner or charterer of any steamboat or vessel shall be a corporation1 any executive officer of such corporation1 for the time being actually charged with the control and management of the operation1 equipment1 or navigation of such steamboat or vessel1 who has knowingly and willfully caused or allowed such fraud1 neglect1 connivance1 misconduct1 or violation of law1 by which the life of any person is destroyed1 shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than ten years1 or both4 7,sec4 #bhb2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecdd1 and act ,mar4 #c1 #aije1 sec4 #e47 ,watch officers should also heed another matter1 a section of ,rule ,v1 of the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors1 this rule is also given3 ,only certain persons allowed in pilot house and on navigator's bridge4 #ag4 ,masters and pilots of steamers carrying passengers shall exclude from the pilot houses and navigator's bridge of such steamers1 while under way1 all persons not connected with the navigation of such steamers1 except officers of the ,steamboat-,inspection ,service1 ,coast ,guard1 and engineer officers of the ,united ,states ,army in charge of the improvement of that particular waterway1 when upon business3 ,provided1 ,that licensed officers of steamboats1 persons regularly engaged in learning the profession of pilot1 officers of the ,united ,states ,navy1 ,united ,states ,coast and ,geodetic ,survey1 and ,lighthouse ,service1 assistant engineers of the ,engineer ,department of the ,united ,states ,army connected with the improvement of that particular waterway1 and the engineer officers connected with the construction and operation of the ,panama ,canal may be allowed in the pilot house or upon the navigator's bridge upon the responsibility of the officer in charge4 ,the master of every such passenger and ferry steamer shall keep three printed copies of this section of ,rule ,v posted in conspicuous places on such steamer1 one of which shall be kept posted in the pilot house4 ,such printed copies shall be furnished by the ,department of ,commerce to local inspectors for distribution4 7,sec4 #ddje1 ,r4 ,s47 ,relieving the ,watch4 ,on well-conducted vessels no part of the routine is so important1 and so necessary of clear-cut understanding1 as the matter of turning over the watch4 ,on a steamer in which the writer had the good fortune to serve--a liner in the ,transatlantic service--this formality was practiced with the utmost precision4 ,the officer in charge of the watch would keep facing ahead1 near the telegraph1 if the weather was thick4 ,he would turn over the data of the watch rapidly and clearly2 the relieving officer having already read over and initialed the ,captain's order book4 ,special orders from the ,captain4 ,position--how obtained--when4 ,vessels passed2 in last hour1 at least4 ,weather--fog if any2 sea rising or falling4 ,wind1 veering1 or hauling4 ,distance made--by log--revolutions4 ,soundings taken--if any4 ,lights sighted1 or expected2 if in pilot waters4 ,how vessel was steering--wild--good--etc4 ,,then--being ready to turn over the watch3 ,the course is ,n4 #gf degrees east1 says the ,officer of the ,watch4 ,n4 #gf degrees1 east1 is the reply1 and the moment these words are spoken the relief is in charge1 and steps next to the telegraph4 ,an ,incident at ,eight ,bells4 ,this simple ceremony of turning the watch over took place one morning at eight bells--it was a smoky channel morning1 heavy weather had been met with on the run eastward1 and the train for ,london was waiting at ,southampton1 for the first-class passengers who expected to dine at the metropolis that night4 ,it was foggy1 and the vessel was doing close to twenty knots2 the telegraphs at stand by4 ,everything had been passed over to the relief4 ,the quartermasters and juniors had relieved each other1 two watches were on the bridge at once1 in the cold wet mist4 ,one crowd1 still a trifle sleepy1 but filled with a sea breakfast1 the other tired and wet4 ,just as the course was being given1 and half completed1 something leapt out of the gray fog3 ,three toots#a on the horn in the crow's nest1 sounded and a four-masted sailer shot up1 as if a picture thrown on the screen of fog ahead4 ,hard ,starb'd6 the order snapped out on the tail of the words of the course4 ,the wet and draggled officer of the watch had not yet received his reply--he was still in charge4 ,his order came with the harsh jangle of the telegraph--he was stopping the port engine--and we swept past an iron four-masted ship1 her crew clambering to the bulwarks1 her sails slatting in the breeze1 as we got the first sound of her horn4 ,the above is an instance where something happened at a critical moment4 ,but both officers were trained men1 and the man in charge knew he was still responsible1 and acted without a second of delay4 ,responsibility4 ,few men1 aside from those who serve as officers at sea1 have the responsibility of life and property so directly under them as the officers of the watch4 ,the young man who takes his first watch as officer in charge--with the great vessel--her lives--and cargo1 all obedient to his order and dependent upon his skill and quickness in the sudden emergency that may spring up at any moment2 that youngster is to be congratulated4 ,few men are given the direct handling and responsibility for such mighty forces4 ,he1 in most cases1 realizes this4 ,accidents are usually the outgrowth of carelessness1 resulting from long watches at sea where nothing ever happens4 ,it is necessary that the officer of the watch constantly keep his edge4 ,the old-fashioned system of watch and watch1 that man- and soul-killing drill of an age of short-sighted economy1 has come to be frowned upon by those who have had to pay the bills resulting from accident and loss4 ,the ,officer of the watch should come to the bridge fresh and in full vigor4 ,his senses of sight and hearing should be acute2 he should be completely awake during the whole four hours of his duty4 ,he should constantly keep in mind what he must do under certain emergencies4 ,he should constantly be rehearsing disaster--with foresight as his mentor4 ,he must have ingrained in his being the instinctive knowledge of ,,port and ,,starboard1 and what they mean4 ,not as words1 but as effects4 ,he should be a part of the ship4 ,the direction of her head1 or the action of her engines1 should be as natural to him as any movement of his own body4 ,this habit of mind enables an officer to act as quick as he can think--to do the right thing without an instant of hesitation4 ,rules of the ,road4 ,the rules of the road should also be a part of his unconscious knowledge--particularly those rules relating to the prevention of collision at sea4 ,many watch officers--familiar with the rules of the ,road on the high seas1 are lamentably lax when conning their vessel through narrow waters2 here is where a great percentage of the accidents to vessels occur4 ,know the inland rules1 the whistle signals2 the proper side of the fairways to take2 the buoys and marks4 ,what to ,look ,out for4 ,the officer of the watch should keep his eyes pretty close to the water ahead2 even in the sleepy times of peace4 ,look for patches of weed2 and avoid them4 ,look for submerged wreckage2 floating mines--for many years after the war--well whitened with bird droppings1 and almost invisible in the wake of the sun4 ,and at the present time no merchantman needs to be warned to look out for periscopes1 or what to do when he sees one--and remember they are camouflaged too4 ,do not be too quick to ram a periscope that is lying still4 ,it may be a mine4 ,vessels without ,lights4 ,vessels in dangerous waters now run without the usual lights--in fact with no lights at all4 ,this brings us to the question of redoubled vigilance of the keenest and most wide-awake type of watch officer4 ,as vessels become more valuable1 and more necessary--the necessity for the best kind of conning is self evident4 ,yet1 due to our unfortunate lack of sea interest it is now necessary1 to let down the bars and send back to the sea men who lack in the keenness and training that the situation demands1 men who are simply so because of our faulty lack of foresight in the past4 ,the running without lights is sanctioned by the governments at war1 as a necessary war measure and fog signals are omitted in war zones4 ,the ,unwritten ,rule4 ,watch officers have long considered an unwritten rule that has no doubt been acted upon4 ,namely1 if you see collision coming1 hit the other fellow4 ,this of course is to be taken for what it is worth and should find no response in the mind of the young officer who tramps the bridge on the night watch and works out the problems of the sea4 ,the law is very concise about the ,risk of collision and collision comes without much warning4 ,the one thing that is positive1 is the duty to stand by1 and this is incumbent on both vessels4 ,risk of ,collision ,rule4 ,risk of collision can1 when circumstances permit1 be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing of an approaching vessel4 ,if the bearing does not appreciably change1 such risk should be deemed to exist4 ,duty to ,stay by4 ,in every case of collision between two vessels it shall be the duty of the master or person in charge of each vessel1 if and so far as he can do so without serious danger to his own vessel1 crew1 and passengers 7if any71 to stay by the other vessel until he has ascertained that she has no need of further assistance1 and to render to the other vessel1 her master1 crew1 and passengers 7if any71 such assistance as may be practicable and as may be necessary in order to save them from any danger caused by the collision1 and also to give to the master or person in charge of the other vessel the name of his own vessel and her port of registry1 or the port or place to which she belongs1 and also the name of the ports and places from which and to which she is bound4 ,if he fails so to do1 and no reasonable cause for such failure is shown1 the collision shall1 in the absence of proof to the contrary1 be deemed to have been caused by his wrongful act1 neglect1 or default4 ,every master or person in charge of a ,united ,states vessel who fails1 without reasonable cause1 to render such assistance or give such information as aforesaid shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 and shall be liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars1 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years2 and for the above sum the vessel shall be liable and may be seized and proceeded against by process in any district court of the ,united ,states by any person2 one-half such sum to be payable to the informer and the other half to the ,united ,states4 ,dangerous ,conditions4 ,fog1 mist1 bright moonlight1 coal black night1 with phosphorescent sea2 all are dangerous conditions so far as visibility is concerned4 ,from three to five in the morning2 at the tail of the mid watch1 and for the first hour of the morning watch1 when vitality is low1 and the senses of man lag with the coming of the dawn2 then is the time that the officer of the watch should key himself to a sense of complete responsibility--helped out by black coffee if it can be had--and every steamer should provide this at the change of watch1 and oftener if need be4 ,look ,out4 ,be alive to the changes of the weather4 ,steamship officers are liable to lack in this respect4 ,watch the stars1 if out4 ,note the sudden snuffing out of stars near the horizon--watch out for fog banks lying low ahead4 ,look out for white water1 squalls1 get awnings in before they are blown away--never leaving the bridge1 of course1 unless the ,master relieves4 ,ice4 ,if in the dangerous latitudes look out for ice4 ,note sudden changes in the temperature of air and sea4 ,the sea water should be taken every hour at least4 ,ice gives no warning--sense it1 and slow down before it is too late4 ,remember the ,titanic4 ,watch the barometer changes--the clouds--the wind1 and its changes1 whether veering1 or hauling4 ,important4 ,know the sailing ship routes--study the pilot charts--and always remember the possible speed and condition of sail1 whether on the wind1 or free1 of sailing vessels that are liable to be met with in your vicinity4 ,night ,orders4 ,the night order book contains two sets of orders3 ,,the ,,standing ,,orders ,a4 ,before taking charge make yourself thoroughly familiar with the position of the ship with reference to vessels in sight1 any land or shoals or rocks that may be near2 with the general condition of the weather1 speed1 revolutions1 sail1 if any is set1 awnings1 boats swung out1 running lights1 and the orders of the ,captain for the night4 ,b4 ,make no change in the course--unless instructed to do so by the night orders1 without obtaining the permission of the ,captain--unless it is necessary to avoid immediate danger4 ,then report promptly to the ,captain--by messenger or telephone4 ,c4 ,make no change in the speed1 unless as directed by the night orders1 or to avoid collision4 ,d4 ,report promptly to the ,captain all lights upon the shore2 discolored water2 unusual weather conditions2 and report all vessels sighted and their nature1 when this can be determined4 7,at night1 it is not usual to report every steamer passed47 ,e4 ,when in doubt about anything affecting the safety of the vessel1 call the ,captain at once4 ,f4 ,in the event of fire1 or any kind of disturbance or accident1 call the ,captain at once1 and report same4 ,g4 ,man overboard2 act at once1 stop1 reverse1 release water lights and ring buoys1 call away quarter boat1 and call ,captain4 ,h4 ,keep lookouts posted after dark1 or in fog4 ,comply with all the regulations for preventing collisions at sea4 ,call ,captain if it gets thick2 start fog signals at once4 ,i4 ,report all unusual changes in sea or weather to the ,captain4 ,if engines stop1 or slow down without orders from the bridge1 call ,captain at once4 ,j4 ,take bearings on the course whenever suitable stars are available4 ,call ,captain at any unusual change in deviation1 or error4 ,k4 ,get sights when favorable conditions present themselves4 ,report all fixes to the ,captain1 on ,officers' ,report ,blanks1 show bearings1 and time 7ship7 and log readings4 ,l4 ,all officers must read and sign these ,,standing ,,orders1 and must read and sign the night order book at the beginning of their watch1 before taking over the course4 ,,the ,,night ,,orders ,the night orders are usually written up by the ,master in the dog watch and are signed by the officer coming on for the first night watch1 eight to midnight4 ,they may be amended and added to at any time4 ,if the ,master adds anything to the orders he will relieve the officer of the watch1 while his added instructions are being read and initialed1 if necessary4 ,the night orders are liable to instruct about3 ,changes in the course--when--how much--what course4 ,cautions as to lights and landfalls expected4 ,cautions as to vessels to be met4 ,cautions as to weather changes4 ,instructions as to calling of ,captain1 ,chief ,mate1 etc4 ,instructions as to getting under way1 calling officers1 men1 7when at anchor74 ,instructions as to navigation--sights--bearings4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,deck4 ,where the ,chief ,mate stands a bridge watch1 the officer of the watch is generally considered to be in charge of the men on deck1 though they may be engaged at work under the boatswain--work laid out by the ,chief ,mate4 ,this1 however1 is largely a matter of organization4 ,if the vessel is small1 the officer of the watch can keep an eye on things from the bridge4 ,if he needs assistance of any kind he calls for it4 ,he directs the taking in of awnings1 and sails1 if carried1 the turning of ventilators1 the closing of the cowls in case of rain4 ,fire4 ,in the event of fire3 ,,call ,,the ,,captain1 if a junior officer1 call the ,chief ,mate also4 ,at the same time sound the fire alarms4 ,the usual fire drill then takes place4 ,the vessel is turned over to the ,captain as soon as fire is reported and the officer of the watch attends at the fire or does as he is directed by the ,captain4 ,the ,chief ,engineer should also be informed of the fire1 and the engineer on watch is advised of it by telephone or by voice tube4 ,the wireless operators are advised at once and await the orders of the ,captain1 except in case of sudden disaster1 when they at once send out their calls for assistance4 ,being ,overtaken4 ,when your vessel is being overtaken1 set off flare-up and call ,captain at once4 ,on many slow cargo steamers a lookout astern is almost as necessary as a lookout ahead4 ,running ,lights4 ,in narrow waters have oil lamps trimmed and ready for use1 in case the electric lights give out4 ,this is very important4 ,in ,war ,zone4 ,the standing of watches in the war zone is subject to special precautions4 ,the following recommendations have been published by the ,supervising ,inspector ,general3 ,recommendations4 ,reliable information is to the effect that many or nearly all of the lives that have been lost from vessels after attack has been due to the fact that1 in many instances1 the boats have been launched while the ship has had considerable way1 either ahead or astern1 and that engineers have been compelled to abandon the engine room while the engines were still working4 ,it is suggested1 therefore1 that the bridge watch1 or the master1 assure themselves1 if possible1 that the engines are at rest and the way off the vessel before the boats are launched4 ,it is also strongly recommended that1 due to the possibility of the boats on the weather side of the ship not being available1 the full lifeboat capacity on cargo ships be carried on each side so that full capacity may be available at all times4 ,it is strongly and earnestly recommended that on all vessels entering the ,war ,zone1 or the dangerous areas1 the passengers and crew be kept fully prepared 7so far as may be possible or the navigation of the vessel permits71 for speedy and immediate disembarking1 or abandoning ship in case of emergency1 and that the crew be furnished with life preservers of such character as to allow the free use of the arms in rowing and boat launching4 ,all should be warmly clad without unnecessary or hindering incumbrance4 ,the requirements and suggestions herein set forth should be met promptly and generously1 and it is expected that all concerned will cooperate in making better and safer conditions in the navigation of dangerous areas4 ,local inspectors1 however1 will not unnecessarily delay vessels from proceeding on their voyage to ports of the ,allied ,governments if it is not possible to meet these requirements previous to the appointed time of departure4 ,,geo4 ,,uhler1 ,supervising ,inspector ,general4 ,zig-zag4 ,the great utility of zig-zagging is recognized4 ,the ,zig-zag control apparatus1 marketed by ,captain ,arthur ,n4 ,mc,gray of ,new ,york1 has special advantages1 and watch officers should master its use4 ,bearings4 ,get bearings1 bow and beam1 two point1 or cross1 at every opportunity4 ,get vertical angles1 horizontal angles1 tangents1 wherever possible4 ,fix the vessel as often as you can4 ,if the vessel carried a three-armed protractor1 get the horizontal angles between any three objects that are visible1 and favorably situated with reference to the vessel1 and are plotted on the chart4 ,lights4 ,see all light houses1 and light ships1 when you expect to1 or call the ,captain4 ,azimuths--,amplitudes4 ,get azimuths and amplitudes at every favorable opportunity and see the results carefully entered in the deviation log1 so the ,captain can inspect them4 ,sights4 ,get sights as often as possible on the watch4 ,with clear horizon at twilight1 get stars east and west1 and north and south4 ,such a fix is often most important4 ,check up all dead reckoning by observations4 ,hydrographic ,reports4 ,the report blanks furnished by the ,hydrographic ,office should be carefully filled out and forwarded4 ,this duty is usually given to one of the junior officers4 ,pilot ,charts4 ,the officer on watch can very profitably occupy his mind in studying the pilot charts furnished by the ,u4 ,s4 ,hydrographic ,office1 they yield much useful data1 and are specially useful in warning of the existence of derelicts1 and their possible drift4 ,derelicts4 ,trace out all derelicts shown in your path with their possible drift since last report4 ,always keep a sharp lookout for them1 whether on the pilot chart or not4 ,bridge4 ,many bridges are fitted with comfortable shelters at the wings--others with elaborate enclosures4 ,a simple work desk should be provided1 when only one officer is on watch1 so he can work out bearings1 etc41 while on the bridge1 facing ahead4 ,useful ,desk4 ,the desk also serves as a handy table for his sextant1 or for a cup of hot coffee--cabin style4 ,quartermasters4 ,quartermasters are usually carried1 and they are under the immediate charge of the officer of the watch4 ,the care of the bridge1 its neat and shipshape appearance1 reflects credit1 or otherwise1 on the watch officers4 ,bridge ,etiquette4 ,the etiquette of the bridge1 in the ,merchant ,service1 especially on the large liners1 is as formal and stiff as that on any battleship4 ,the heights of responsibility are always on high tension4 ,in the lesser trades1 on tramps and the like1 officers are more lax1 though they should be no less vigilant4 ,salutes are given and returned 7on the liners7 and uniform is worn4 ,relieving officer should be on bridge at least five minutes before eight bells4 ,commissions ,m4 ,m4 ,the ,british ,merchant ,service is at the present time strongly advocating commissions1 by the ,government1 for ,merchant ,marine ,officers4 ,with our ,shipping ,board1 and with the growing control by military and naval authorities over merchantmen1 some such plan might be advisable for ,american ,merchant ,marine ,officers1 and would undoubtedly help to elevate the standards1 and bring the naval and mercantile services into closer harmony4 ,standard ,uniform4 ,the ,british ,merchant ,service associations are also agitating the question of some sort of standard uniform for merchant service1 officers and men4 ,this is a good idea1 and should be adopted by ,americans4 ,the writer1 however1 would not advise the adoption of the naval blouse4 ,this is the property of the ,u4 ,s4 ,navy4 ,merchant officers1 if they adopt any sort of uniform1 should provide themselves with something having pockets1 and a roll collar1 and less on the order of a princess gown4 ,conclusion4 ,the watch officers of a vessel should be as familiar as possible with the handling qualities of their vessel3 ,her turning circle4 ,her quickest turn--usually both screws ahead4 ,her shortest turn--inner screw slow astern and the way her head scends1 under all conditions4 ,see that the course is kept religiously--use small helm1 be quick and courteous4 ,keep a sharp lookout for signals when passing craft at sea--,call ,captain--and reply smartly4 ,,the ,,watch ,,officer--,,in ,,port ,while in port1 merchant ships1 except the larger liners1 do not indulge in the luxury of an officer of the watch1 in fact such a gentleman would be out of place with his telescope under his arm1 dodging drafts of cargo1 and listening to the repartee of the stevedores4 ,everything in its place1 and as common sense rules in the long run1 the formalities of the merchant service have settled down to the more simple courtesies of life4 ,a quartermaster should be on gangway watch1 cleanly dressed1 or in uniform1 if it is worn1 to see that only those who have business on board are admitted to the ship4 ,he should salute the officers1 who will return it4 ,on ,sundays1 and ,holidays1 when cargo is not being worked1 and when the ship is at rest1 an officer should be told off to stand day's duty4 ,he should see that the vessel is in shipshape order1 falls neatly coiled1 decks clean1 ,irish pendants all removed1 awnings hauled out taut1 flags closely mast headed and kept clear1 and that everything is kept in immaculate order about the gangway4 ,he should not allow loitering about the gangway4 #a ,three toots vessel 7or light7 ahead4 ,,chapter ,,xviii ,,the ,,rules ,,of ,,the ,,road ,,international ,,rules3 ,i4 ,,enacting ,,clause1 ,,scope1 ,,and ,,penalty ,be it enacted by the ,senate and ,house of ,representatives of the ,united ,states of ,america in ,congress assembled1 ,that the following regulations for preventing collisions at sea shall be followed by all public and private vessels of the ,united ,states upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith1 navigable by seagoing vessels4 ,,article #cj4 ,nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of a special rule1 duly made by local authority1 relative to the navigation of any harbor1 river1 or inland waters4 ,,preliminary ,,definitions ,in the following rules every steam vessel which is under sail and not under steam is to be considered a sailing vessel1 and every vessel under steam1 whether under sail or not1 is to be considered a steam vessel4 ,the words steam vessel shall include any vessel propelled by machinery4 ,a vessel is under way1 within the meaning of these rules1 when she is not at anchor1 or made fast to the shore1 or aground4 ,,international ,,rules3 ,,ii4 ,,lights1 ,,and ,,so ,,forth ,the word visible in these rules when applied to lights shall mean visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere4 ,,article #a4 ,the rules concerning lights shall be complied with in all weathers from sunset to sunrise1 and during such time no other lights which may be mistaken for the prescribed lights shall be exhibited4 ,steam vessels--masthead light4 ,,art4 #b4 ,a steam vessel when under way shall carry--7a7 ,on or in front of the foremast1 or if a vessel without a foremast1 then in the fore part of the vessel1 at a height above the hull of not less than twenty feet1 and if the breadth of the vessel exceeds twenty feet1 then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth1 so1 however1 that the light need not be carried at a greater height above the hull than forty feet1 a bright white light1 so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of twenty points of the compass1 so fixed as to throw the light ten points on each side of the vessel1 namely1 from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side1 and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least five miles4 ,steam vessels--side lights4 7b7 ,on the starboard side a green light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass1 so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side1 and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least two miles4 7c7 ,on the port side a red light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass1 so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side1 and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least two miles4 7d7 ,the said green and red side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least three feet forward from the light1 so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow4 ,steam vessels--range lights4 7e7 ,a steam vessel when under way may carry an additional white light similar in construction to the light mentioned in subdivision 7a74 ,these two lights shall be so placed in line with the keel that one shall be at least fifteen feet higher than the other1 and in such a position with reference to each other that the lower light shall be forward of the upper one4 ,the vertical distance between these lights shall be less than the horizontal distance4 ,steam vessels when towing4 ,,art4 #c4 ,a steam vessel when towing another vessel shall1 in addition to her side lights1 carry two bright white lights in a vertical line one over the other1 not less than six feet apart1 and when towing more than one vessel shall carry an additional bright white light six feet above or below such lights1 if the length of the tow measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the stern of the last vessel towed exceeds six hundred feet4 ,each of these lights shall be of the same construction and character1 and shall be carried in the same position as the white light mentioned in article two 7a71 excepting the additional light1 which may be carried at a height of not less than fourteen feet above the hull4 ,such steam vessel may carry a small white light abaft the funnel or aftermast for the vessel towed to steer by1 but such light shall not be visible forward of the beam4 ,special lights4 ,,art4 #d4 7a7 ,a vessel which from any accident is not under command shall carry at the same height as a white light mentioned in article two 7a71 where they can best be seen1 and if a steam vessel in lieu of that light two red lights1 in a vertical line one over the other1 not less than six feet apart1 and of such a character as to be visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least two miles2 and shall by day carry in a vertical line one over the other1 not less than six feet apart1 where they can best be seen1 two black balls or shapes1 each two feet in diameter4 7b7 ,a vessel employed in laying or in picking up a telegraph cable shall carry in the same position as the white light mentioned in article two 7a71 and if a steam vessel in lieu of that light three lights in a vertical line one over the other not less than six feet apart4 ,the highest and lowest of these lights shall be red1 and the middle light shall be white1 and they shall be of such a character as to be visible all around the horizon1 at a distance of at least two miles4 ,by day she shall carry in a vertical line1 one over the other1 not less than six feet apart1 where they can best be seen1 three shapes not less than two feet in diameter1 of which the highest and lowest shall be globular in shape and red in color1 and the middle one diamond in shape and white4 7c7 ,the vessels referred to in this article1 when not making way through the water1 shall not carry the side lights1 but when making way shall carry them4 7d7 ,the lights and shapes required to be shown by this article are to be taken by other vessels as signals that the vessel showing them is not under command and can not therefore get out of the way4 ,these signals are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance4 ,such signals are contained in article thirty-one4 ,lights for sailing vessels and vessels in tow4 ,,art4 #e4 ,a sailing vessel under way and any vessel being towed shall carry the same lights as are prescribed by article two for a steam vessel under way1 with the exception of the white lights mentioned therein1 which they shall never carry4 ,lights for small vessels4 ,,art4 #f4 ,whenever1 as in the case of small vessels under way during bad weather1 the green and red side lights can not be fixed1 these lights shall be kept at hand1 lighted and ready for use2 and shall1 on the approach of or to other vessels1 be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision1 in such manner as to make them most visible1 and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side1 nor1 if practicable1 more than two points abaft the beam on their respective sides4 ,to make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy the lanterns containing them shall each be painted outside with the color of the light they respectively contain1 and shall be provided with proper screens4 ,lights for small steam and sail vessels and open boats4 ,,art4 #g4 ,steam vessels of less than forty1 and vessels under oars or sails of less than twenty tons gross tonnage1 respectively1 and rowing boats1 when under way1 shall not be required to carry the lights mentioned in article two 7a71 7b71 and 7c71 but if they do not carry them they shall be provided with the following lights3 ,first4 ,steam vessels of less than forty tons shall carry-- 7a7 ,in the fore part of the vessel1 or on or in front of the funnel1 where it can best be seen1 and at a height above the gunwale of not less than nine feet1 a bright white light constructed and fixed as prescribed in article two 7a71 and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least two miles4 7b7 ,green and red side lights constructed and fixed as prescribed in article two 7b7 and 7c71 and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least one mile1 or a combined lantern showing a green light and a red light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on their respective sides4 ,such lanterns shall be carried not less than three feet below the white light4 ,second4 ,small steamboats1 such as are carried by seagoing vessels1 may carry the white light at a less height than nine feet above the gunwale1 but it shall be carried above the combined lantern mentioned in subdivision one 7b74 ,third4 ,vessels under oars or sails of less than twenty tons shall have ready at hand a lantern with a green glass on one side and a red glass on the other1 which1 on the approach of or to other vessels1 shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision1 so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side4 ,fourth4 ,rowing boats1 whether under oars or sail1 shall have ready at hand a lantern showing a white light which shall be temporarily exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision4 ,the vessels referred to in this article shall not be obliged to carry the lights prescribed by article four 7a7 and article eleven1 last paragraph4 ,lights for pilot vessels4 ,,art4 #h4 ,pilot vessels when engaged on their station on pilotage duty shall not show the lights required for other vessels1 but shall carry a white light at the masthead1 visible all around the horizon1 and shall also exhibit a flare-up light or flare-up lights at short intervals1 which shall never exceed fifteen minutes4 ,on the near approach of or to other vessels they shall have their side lights lighted1 ready for use1 and shall flash or show them at short intervals1 to indicate the direction in which they are heading1 but the green light shall not be shown on the port side1 nor the red light on the starboard side4 ,a pilot vessel of such a class as to be obliged to go alongside of a vessel to put a pilot on board may show the white light instead of carrying it at the masthead1 and may1 instead of the colored lights above mentioned1 have at hand1 ready for use1 a lantern with green glass on the one side and red glass on the other1 to be used as prescribed above4 ,pilot vessels when not engaged on their station on pilotage duty shall carry lights similar to those of other vessels of their tonnage4 ,a steam pilot vessel1 when engaged on her station on pilotage duty and in the waters of the ,united ,states1 and not at anchor1 shall1 in addition to the lights required for all pilot boats1 carry at a distance of eight feet below her white masthead light a red light1 visible all around the horizon and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere at a distance of at least two miles1 and also the colored side lights required to be carried by vessels when under way4 ,when engaged on her station on pilotage duty and in waters of the ,united ,states1 and at anchor1 she shall carry in addition to the lights required for all pilot boats the red light above mentioned1 but not the colored side lights4 ,when not engaged on her station on pilotage duty1 she shall carry the same lights as other steam vessels4 ,lights1 etc41 of fishing vessels4 ,,art4 #i4 ,fishing vessels and fishing boats1 when under way and when not required by this article to carry or show the lights hereinafter specified1 shall carry or show the lights prescribed for vessels of their tonnage under way4 7a7 ,open boats1 by which it is to be understood boats not protected from the entry of sea water by means of a continuous deck1 when engaged in any fishing at night1 with outlying tackle extending not more than one hundred and fifty feet horizontally from the boat into the seaway1 shall carry one all-round white light4 ,open boats1 when fishing at night1 with outlying tackle extending more than one hundred and fifty feet horizontally from the boat into the seaway1 shall carry one all-round white light1 and in addition1 on approaching or being approached by other vessels1 shall show a second white light at least three feet below the first light and at a horizontal distance of at least five feet away from it in the direction in which the outlying tackle is attached4 7b7 ,vessels and boats1 except open boats as defined in subdivision 7a71 when fishing with drift nets1 shall1 so long as the nets are wholly or partly in the water1 carry two white lights where they can best be seen4 ,such lights shall be placed so that the vertical distance between them shall be not less than six feet and not more than fifteen feet1 and so that the horizontal distance between them1 measured in a line with the keel1 shall be not less than five feet and not more than ten feet4 ,the lower of these two lights shall be in the direction of the nets1 and both of them shall be of such a character as to show all around the horizon1 and to be visible at a distance of not less than three miles4 ,within the ,mediterranean ,sea and in the seas bordering the coasts of ,japan and ,korea sailing fishing vessels of less than twenty tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to carry the lower of these two lights4 ,should they1 however1 not carry it1 they shall show in the same position 7in the direction of the net or gear7 a white light1 visible at a distance of not less than one sea mile1 on the approach of or to other vessels4 7c7 ,vessels and boats1 except open boats as defined in subdivision 7a71 when line fishing with their lines out and attached to or hauling their lines1 and when not at anchor or stationary within the meaning of subdivision 7h71 shall carry the same lights as vessels fishing with drift nets4 ,when shooting lines1 or fishing with towing lines1 they shall carry the lights prescribed for a steam or sailing vessel under way1 respectively4 ,within the ,mediterranean ,sea and in the seas bordering the coast of ,japan and ,korea sailing fishing vessels of less than twenty tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to carry the lower of these two lights4 ,should they1 however1 not carry it1 they shall show in the same position 7in the direction of the lines7 a white light1 visible at a distance of not less than one sea mile on the approach of or to other vessels4 7d7 ,vessels when engaged in trawling1 by which is meant the dragging of an apparatus along the bottom of the sea-- ,first4 ,if steam vessels1 shall carry in the same position as the white light mentioned in article two 7a7 a tri-colored lantern so constructed and fixed as to show a white light from right ahead to two points on each bow1 and a green light and a red light over an arc of the horizon from two points on each bow to two points abaft the beam on the starboard and port sides1 respectively2 and not less than six nor more than twelve feet below the tri-colored lantern a white light in a lantern1 so constructed as to show a clear1 uniform1 and unbroken light all around the horizon4 ,second4 ,if sailing vessels1 shall carry a white light in a lantern1 so constructed as to show a clear1 uniform1 and unbroken light all around the horizon1 and shall also1 on the approach of or to other vessels1 show where it can best be seen a white flare-up light or torch in sufficient time to prevent collision4 ,all lights mentioned in subdivision 7d7 first and second shall be visible at a distance of at least two miles4 7e7 ,oyster dredgers and other vessels fishing with dredge nets shall carry and show the same lights as trawlers4 7f7 ,fishing vessels and fishing boats may at any time use a flare-up light in addition to the lights which they are by this article required to carry and show1 and they may also use working lights4 7g7 ,every fishing vessel and every fishing boat under one hundred and fifty feet in length1 when at anchor1 shall exhibit a white light visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least one mile4 ,every fishing vessel of one hundred and fifty feet in length or upward1 when at anchor1 shall exhibit a white light visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least one mile1 and shall exhibit a second light as provided for vessels of such length by article eleven4 ,should any such vessel1 whether under one hundred and fifty feet in length or of one hundred and fifty feet in length or upward1 be attached to a net or other fishing gear1 she shall on the approach of other vessels show an additional white light at least three feet below the anchor light1 and at a horizontal distance of at least five feet away from it in the direction of the net or gear4 7h7 ,if a vessel or boat when fishing becomes stationary in consequence of her gear getting fast to a rock or other obstruction1 she shall in daytime haul down the day signal required by subdivision 7k72 at night show the light or lights prescribed for a vessel at anchor2 and during fog1 mist1 falling snow1 or heavy rain storms make the signal prescribed for a vessel at anchor4 7,see subdivision 7d7 and the last paragraph of article fifteen47 7i7 ,in fog1 mist1 falling snow1 or heavy rain storms drift-net vessels attached to their nets1 and vessels when trawling1 dredging1 or fishing with any kind of drag net1 and vessels line fishing with their lines out1 shall1 if of twenty tons gross tonnage or upward1 respectively1 at intervals of not more than one minute make a blast2 if steam vessels1 with the whistle or siren1 and if sailing vessels1 with the fog-horn1 each blast to be followed by ringing the bell4 ,fishing vessels and boats of less than twenty tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals2 but if they do not1 they shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than one minute4 7k7 ,all vessels or boats fishing with nets or lines or trawls1 when under way1 shall in daytime indicate their occupation to an approaching vessel by displaying a basket or other efficient signal where it can best be seen4 ,if vessels or boats at anchor have their gear out1 they shall1 on the approach of other vessels1 show the same signal on the side on which those vessels can pass4 ,the vessels required by this article to carry or show the lights hereinbefore specified shall not be obliged to carry the lights prescribed by article four 7a7 and the last paragraph of article eleven4 ,lights for an overtaken vessel4 ,,art4 #aj4 ,a vessel which is being overtaken by another shall show from her stern to such last-mentioned vessel a white light or a flare-up light4 ,the white light required to be shown by this article may be fixed and carried in a lantern1 but in such case the lantern shall be so constructed1 fitted1 and screened that it shall throw an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of twelve points of the compass1 namely1 for six points from right aft on each side of the vessel1 so as to be visible at a distance of at least one mile4 ,such light shall be carried as nearly as practicable on the same level as the side lights4 ,anchor lights4 ,,art4 #aa4 ,a vessel under one hundred and fifty feet in length when at anchor shall carry forward1 where it can best be seen1 but at a height not exceeding twenty feet above the hull1 a white light1 in a lantern so constructed as to show a clear1 uniform1 and unbroken light visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least one mile4 ,a vessel of one hundred and fifty feet or upwards in length when at anchor shall carry in the forward part of the vessel1 at a height of not less than twenty and not exceeding forty feet above the hull1 one such light1 and at or near the stern of the vessel1 and at such a height that it shall be not less than fifteen feet lower than the forward light1 another such light4 ,the length of a vessel shall be deemed to be the length appearing in her certificate of registry4 ,a vessel aground in or near a fairway shall carry the above light or lights and the two red lights prescribed by article four 7a74 ,special signals4 ,,art4 #ab4 ,every vessel may1 if necessary in order to attract attention1 in addition to the lights which she is by these rules required to carry1 show a flare-up light or use any detonating signal that can not be mistaken for a distress signal4 ,naval lights and recognition signals4 ,,art4 #ac4 ,nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the ,government of any nation with respect to additional station and signal lights for two or more ships of war or for vessels sailing under convoy1 or with the exhibition of recognition signals adopted by shipowners1 which have been authorized by their respective ,governments and duly registered and published4 ,steam vessel under sail by day4 ,,art4 #ad4 ,a steam vessel proceeding under sail only1 but having her funnel up1 shall carry in daytime1 forward1 where it can best be seen1 one black ball or shape two feet in diameter4 ,,international ,,rules3 ,,iii4 ,,sound ,,signals ,,for ,,fog1 ,,and ,,so ,,forth ,preliminary4 ,,art4 #ae4 ,all signals prescribed by this article for vessels under way shall be given3 ,first4 ,by steam vessels on the whistle or siren4 ,second4 ,by sailing vessels and vessels towed on the fog horn4 ,the words prolonged blast used in this article shall mean a blast of from four to six seconds duration4 ,a steam vessel shall be provided with an efficient whistle or siren1 sounded by steam or by some substitute for steam1 so placed that the sound may not be intercepted by any obstruction1 and with an efficient fog horn1 to be sounded by mechanical means1 and also with an efficient bell4 ,in all cases where the rules require a bell to be used a drum may be substituted on board ,turkish vessels1 or a gong where such articles are used on board small seagoing vessels4 ,a sailing vessel of twenty tons gross tonnage or upward shall be provided with a similar fog horn and bell4 ,in a fog1 mist1 falling snow1 or heavy rain storms1 whether by day or night1 the signals described in this article shall be used as follows1 namely3 ,steam vessel under way4 7a7 ,a steam vessel having way upon her shall sound1 at intervals of not more than two minutes1 a prolonged blast4 7b7 ,a steam vessel under way1 but stopped1 and having no way upon her1 shall sound1 at intervals of not more than two minutes1 two prolonged blasts1 with an interval of about one second between4 ,sail vessel under way4 7c7 ,a sailing vessel under way shall sound1 at intervals of not more than one minute1 when on the starboard tack1 one blast2 when on the port tack1 two blasts in succession1 and when with the wind abaft the beam1 three blasts in succession4 ,vessels at anchor or not under way4 7d7 ,a vessel when at anchor shall1 at intervals of not more than one minute1 ring the bell rapidly for about five seconds4 ,vessels towing or towed4 7e7 ,a vessel when towing1 a vessel employed in laying or in picking up a telegraph cable1 and a vessel under way1 which is unable to get out of the way of an approaching vessel through being not under command1 or unable to maneuver as required by the rules1 shall1 instead of the signals prescribed in subdivisions 7a7 and 7c7 of this article1 at intervals of not more than two minutes1 sound three blasts in succession1 namely3 ,one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts4 ,a vessel towed may give this signal and she shall not give any other4 ,small sailing vessels and boats4 ,sailing vessels and boats of less than twenty tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals1 but1 if they do not1 they shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than one minute4 ,speed in fog4 ,,art4 #af4 ,every vessel shall1 in a fog1 mist1 falling snow1 or heavy rain storms1 go at a moderate speed1 having careful regard to the existing circumstances and conditions4 ,a steam vessel hearing1 apparently forward of her beam1 the fog signal of a vessel the position of which is not ascertained shall1 so far as the circumstances of the case admit1 stop her engines1 and then navigate with caution until danger of collision is over4 ,,international ,,rules3 ,,iv4 ,,steering ,,and ,,sailing ,,rules ,preliminary4 ,risk of collision can1 when circumstances permit1 be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing of an approaching vessel4 ,if the bearing does not appreciably change1 such risk should be deemed to exist4 ,sailing vessels4 ,,art4 #ag4 ,when two sailing vessels are approaching one another1 so as to involve risk of collision1 one of them shall keep out of the way of the other1 as follows1 namely3 7a7 ,a vessel which is running free shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is closehauled4 7b7 ,a vessel which is closehauled on the port tack shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is closehauled on the starboard tack4 7c7 ,when both are running free1 with the wind on different sides1 the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other4 7d7 ,when both are running free1 with the wind on the same side1 the vessel which is to the windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to the leeward4 7e7 ,a vessel which has the wind aft shall keep out of the way of the other vessel4 ,steam vessels4 ,,art4 #ah4 ,when two steam vessels are meeting end on1 or nearly end on1 so as to involve risk of collision1 each shall alter her course to starboard1 so that each may pass on the port side of the other4 ,this article only applies to cases where vessels are meeting end on1 or early end on1 in such a manner as to involve risk of collision1 and does not apply to two vessels which must1 if both keep on their respective courses1 pass clear of each other4 ,the only cases to which it does apply are when each of the two vessels is end on1 or nearly end on to the other2 in other words1 to cases in which1 by day1 each vessel sees the masts of the other in a line1 or nearly in a line1 with her own2 and by night1 to cases in which each vessel is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other4 ,it does not apply by day to cases in which a vessel sees another ahead crossing her own course2 or by night1 to cases where the red light of one vessel is opposed to the red light of the other1 or where the green light of one vessel is opposed to the green light of the other1 or where a red light without a green light1 or a green light without a red light1 is seen ahead1 or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead4 ,two steam vessels crossing4 ,,art4 #ai4 ,when two steam vessels are crossing1 so as to involve risk of collision1 the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other4 ,steam vessel shall keep out of the way of sailing vessel4 ,,art4 #bj4 ,when a steam vessel and a sailing vessel are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision1 the steam vessel shall keep out of the way of the sailing vessel4 ,course and speed4 ,,art4 #ba4 ,where1 by any of these rules1 one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and speed4 ,,note4--,when1 in consequence of thick weather or other causes1 such vessel finds herself so close that collision can not be avoided by the action of the giving-way vessel alone1 she also shall take such action as will best aid to avert collision4 ,see articles twenty-seven and twenty-nine4 ,crossing ahead4 ,,art4 #bb4 ,every vessel which is directed by these rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall1 if the circumstances of the case admit1 avoid crossing ahead of the other4 ,steam vessel shall slacken speed or stop4 ,,art4 #bc4 ,every steam vessel which is directed by these rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall1 on approaching her1 if necessary1 slacken her speed or stop or reverse4 ,overtaking vessels4 ,,art4 #bd4 ,notwithstanding anything contained in these rules every vessel1 overtaking any other1 shall keep out of the way of the overtaken vessel4 ,every vessel coming up with another vessel from any direction more than two points abaft her beam1 that is1 in such a position1 with reference to the vessel which she is overtaking that at night she would be unable to see either of that vessel's side lights1 shall be deemed to be an overtaking vessel2 and no subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these rules1 or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear4 ,as by day the overtaking vessel can not always know with certainty whether she is forward of or abaft this direction from the other vessel she should1 if in doubt1 assume that she is an overtaking vessel and keep out of the way4 ,narrow channels4 ,,art4 #be4 ,in narrow channels every steam vessel shall1 when it is safe and practicable1 keep to that side of the fairway or mid-channel which lies on the starboard side of such vessel4 ,right of way of fishing vessels4 ,,art4 #bf4 ,sailing vessels under way shall keep out of the way of sailing vessels or boats fishing with nets1 or lines1 or trawls4 ,this rule shall not give to any vessel or boat engaged in fishing the right of obstructing a fairway used by vessels other than fishing vessels or boats4 ,general prudential rule4 ,,art4 #bg4 ,in obeying and construing these rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision1 and to any special circumstances which may render a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger4 ,sound signals for passing steamers4 ,,art4 #bh4 ,the words short blast used in this article shall mean a blast of about one second's duration4 ,when vessels are in sight of one another1 a steam vessel under way1 in taking any course authorized or required by these rules1 shall indicate that course by the following signals on her whistle or siren1 namely3 ,one short blast to mean1 ,i am directing my course to starboard4 ,two short blasts to mean1 ,i am directing my course to port4 ,three short blasts to mean1 ,my engines are going at full speed astern4 ,precaution4 ,,art4 #bi4 ,nothing in these rules shall exonerate any vessel1 or the owner or master or crew thereof1 from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals1 or of any neglect to keep a proper lookout1 or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen1 or by the special circumstances of the case4 ,,art4 #cj4 ,nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of a special rule1 duly made by local authority1 relative to the navigation of any harbor1 river1 or inland waters4 ,distress signals4 ,,art4 #ca4 ,when a vessel is in distress and requires assistance from other vessels or from the shore the following shall be the signals to be used or displayed by her1 either together or separately1 namely3 ,in the daytime-- ,first4 ,a gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute4 ,second4 ,the international code signal of distress indicated by ,n ,c4 ,third4 ,the distance signal1 consisting of a square flag1 having either above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball4 ,fourth4 ,a continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus4 ,at night-- ,first4 ,a gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute4 ,second4 ,flames on the vessel 7as from a burning tar barrel1 oil barrel1 and so forth74 ,third4 ,rockets or shells throwing stars of any color or description1 fired one at a time1 at short intervals4 ,fourth4 ,a continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus4 ,,inland ,,rules3 ,i4 ,,enacting ,,clause1 ,,scope1 ,,and ,,penalty ,whereas the provisions of chapter eight hundred and two of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety1 and the amendments thereto1 adopting regulations for preventing collisions at sea i4e41 international rules of left-hand column1 apply to all waters of the ,united ,states connected with the high seas navigable by seagoing vessels1 except so far as the navigation of any harbor1 river1 or inland waters is regulated by special rules duly made by local authority2 and ,whereas it is desirable that the regulations relating to the navigation of all harbors1 rivers1 and inland waters of the ,united ,states1 except the ,great ,lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as ,montreal and the ,red ,river of the ,north and rivers emptying into the ,gulf of ,mexico and their tributaries1 shall be stated in one act3 ,therefore1 ,be it enacted by the ,senate and ,house of ,representatives of the ,united ,states of ,america in ,congress assembled1 ,that the following regulations for preventing collisions shall be followed by all vessels navigating all harbors1 rivers1 and inland waters of the ,united ,states1 except the ,great ,lakes and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as ,montreal and the ,red ,river of the ,north and rivers emptying into the ,gulf of ,mexico and their tributaries1 and are hereby declared special rules duly made by local authority3 ,,sec4 #c4 ,that every pilot1 engineer1 mate1 or master of any steam vessel1 and every master or mate of any barge or canal boat1 who neglects or refuses to observe the provisions of this act1 or the regulations established in pursuance of the preceding section see section #b1 page #aic1 shall be liable to a penalty of fifty dollars1 and for all damages sustained by any passenger in his person or baggage by such neglect or refusal3 ,provided1 ,that nothing herein shall relieve any vessel1 owner1 or corporation from any liability incurred by reason of such neglect or refusal4 ,,sec4 #d4 ,that every vessel that shall be navigated without complying with the provisions of this act shall be liable to a penalty of two hundred dollars1 one-half to go to the informer1 for which sum the vessel so navigated shall be liable and may be seized and proceeded against by action in any district court of the ,united ,states having jurisdiction of the offense4 ,,preliminary ,,definitions ,in the following rules every steam vessel which is under sail and not under steam is to be considered a sailing vessel1 and every vessel under steam1 whether under sail or not1 is to be considered a steam vessel4 ,the words steam vessel shall include any vessel propelled by machinery4 ,a vessel is under way1 within the meaning of these rules1 when she is not at anchor1 or made fast to the shore1 or aground4 ,,inland ,,rules3 ,,ii4 ,,lights ,,and ,,so ,,forth ,the word visible in these rules1 when applied to lights1 shall mean visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere4 ,,article #a4 ,the rules concerning lights shall be complied with in all weathers from sunset to sunrise1 and during such time no other lights which may be mistaken for the prescribed lights shall be exhibited4 ,steam vessels--masthead light4 ,,art4 #b4 ,a steam vessel when under way shall carry--7a7 ,on or in the front of the foremast1 or if a vessel without a foremast1 then in the fore part of the vessel1 a bright white light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of twenty points of the compass1 so fixed as to throw the light ten points on each side of the vessel1 namely1 from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side1 and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least five miles4 ,steam vessels--side lights4 7b7 ,on the starboard side a green light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass1 so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side1 and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least two miles4 7c7 ,on the port side a red light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass1 so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side1 and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least two miles4 7d7 ,the said green and red side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least three feet forward from the light1 so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow4 ,steam vessels--range lights4 7e7 ,a seagoing steam vessel when under way may carry an additional white light similar in construction to the light mentioned in subdivision 7a74 ,these two lights shall be so placed in line with the keel that one shall be at least fifteen feet higher than the other1 and in such a position with reference to each other that the lower light shall be forward of the upper one4 ,the vertical distance between these lights shall be less than the horizontal distance4 7f7 ,all steam vessels 7except seagoing vessels and ferryboats71 shall carry in addition to green and red lights required by article two 7b71 7c71 and screens as required by article two 7d71 a central range of two white lights2 the after light being carried at an elevation at least fifteen feet above the light at the head of the vessel4 ,the headlight shall be so constructed as to show an unbroken light through twenty points of the compass1 namely1 from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side of the vessel1 and the after light so as to show all around the horizon4 ,steam vessels when towing4 ,,art4 #c4 ,a steam vessel when towing another vessel shall1 in addition to her side lights1 carry two bright white lights in a vertical line one over the other1 not less than three feet apart1 and when towing more than one vessel shall carry an additional bright white light three feet above or below such lights1 if the length of the tow measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the stern of the last vessel towed exceeds six hundred feet4 ,each of these lights shall be of the same construction and character1 and shall be carried in the same position as the white light mentioned in article two 7a7 or the after range light mentioned in article two 7f74 ,such steam vessel may carry a small white light abaft the funnel or aftermast for the vessel towed to steer by1 but such light shall not be visible forward of the beam4 ,lights for sailing vessels and vessels in tow4 ,,art4 #e4 ,a sailing vessel under way or being towed shall carry the same lights as are prescribed by article two for a steam vessel under way1 with the exception of the white lights mentioned therein1 which they shall never carry4 ,lights for ferryboats1 barges1 and canal boats in tow4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,that the supervising inspectors of steam vessels and the ,supervising ,inspector-,general shall establish such rules to be observed by steam vessels in passing each other and as to the lights to be carried by ferryboats and by barges and canal boats when in tow of steam vessels 7and as to the lights and day signals to be carried by vessels1 dredges of all types1 and vessels working on wrecks by or other obstruction to navigation or moored for submarine operations1 or made fast to a sunken object which may drift with the tide or be towed7 not inconsistent with the provisions of this act1 as they from time to time may deem necessary for safety1 which rules when approved by the ,secretary of ,commerce are hereby declared special rules duly made by local authority1 as provided for in article thirty of chapter eight hundred and two of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety4 ,two printed copies of such rules shall be furnished to such ferryboats 7barges1 dredges1 canal boats1 vessels working on wrecks7 and steam vessels1 which rules shall be kept posted up in conspicuous places in such vessels 7barges1 dredges1 and boats74 ,lights for small vessels4 ,,art4 #f4 ,whenever1 as in the case of vessels of less than ten gross tons under way during bad weather1 the green and red side lights can not be fixed1 these lights shall be kept at hand1 lighted and ready for use2 and shall1 on the approach of or to other vessels1 be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision1 in such manner as to make them most visible1 and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side1 nor1 if practicable1 more than two points abaft the beam on their respective sides4 ,to make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy the lanterns containing them shall each be painted outside with the color of the light they respectively contain1 and shall be provided with proper screens4 ,,art4 #g4 ,rowing boats1 whether under oars or sail1 shall have ready at hand a lantern showing a white light which shall be temporarily exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision4 ,lights for pilot vessels4 ,,art4 #h4 ,pilot vessels when engaged on their stations on pilotage duty shall not show the lights required for other vessels1 but shall carry a white light at the masthead1 visible all around the horizon1 and shall also exhibit a flare-up light or flare-up lights at short intervals1 which shall never exceed fifteen minutes4 ,on the near approach of or to other vessels they shall have their side lights lighted1 ready for use1 and shall flash or show them at short intervals1 to indicate the direction in which they are heading1 but the green light shall not be shown on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side4 ,a pilot vessel of such a class as to be obliged to go alongside of a vessel to put a pilot on board may show the white light instead of carrying it at the masthead1 and may1 instead of the colored lights above mentioned1 have at hand1 ready for use1 a lantern with a green glass on the one side and a red glass on the other1 to be used as prescribed above4 ,pilot vessels1 when not engaged on their station on pilotage duty1 shall carry lights similar to those of other vessels of their tonnage4 ,a steam pilot vessel1 when engaged on her station on pilotage duty and in waters of the ,united ,states1 and not at anchor1 shall1 in addition to the lights required for all pilot boats1 carry at a distance of eight feet below her white masthead light a red light1 visible all around the horizon and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere at a distance of at least two miles1 and also the colored side lights required to be carried by vessels when under way4 ,when engaged on her station on pilotage duty and in waters of the ,united ,states1 and at anchor1 she shall carry in addition to the lights required for all pilot boats the red light above mentioned1 but not the colored side lights4 ,when not engaged on her station on pilotage duty1 she shall carry the same lights as other steam vessels4 ,lights1 etc41 of fishing vessels4 ,,art4 #i4 7a7 ,fishing vessels of less than ten gross tons1 when under way and when not having their nets1 trawls1 dredges1 or lines in the water1 shall not be obliged to carry the colored side lights2 but every such vessel shall1 in lieu thereof1 have ready at hand a lantern with a green glass on one side and a red glass on the other side1 and on approaching to or being approached by another vessel such lantern shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision1 so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side4 7b7 ,all fishing vessels and fishing boats of ten gross tons or upward1 when under way and when not having their nets1 trawls1 dredges1 or lines in the water1 shall carry and show the same lights as other vessels under way4 7c7 ,all vessels1 when trawling1 dredging1 or fishing with any kind of drag nets or lines1 shall exhibit1 from some part of the vessel where they can be best seen1 two lights4 ,one of these lights shall be red and the other shall be white4 ,the red light shall be above the white light1 and shall be at a vertical distance from it of not less than six feet and not more than twelve feet2 and the horizontal distance between them1 if any1 shall not be more than ten feet4 ,these two lights shall be of such a character and contained in lanterns of such construction as to be visible all round the horizon1 the white light a distance of not less than three miles and the red light of not less than two miles4 ,lights for rafts or other craft not provided for4 7d7 ,rafts1 or other water craft not herein provided for1 navigating by hand power1 horse power1 or by the current of the river1 shall carry one or more good white lights1 which shall be placed in such manner as shall be prescribed by the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors of ,steam ,vessels4 ,lights for an overtaken vessel4 ,,art4 #aj4 ,a vessel which is being overtaken by another1 except a steam vessel with an after range light showing all around the horizon1 shall show from her stern to such last-mentioned vessel a white light or a flare-up light4 ,anchor lights4 ,,art4 #aa4 ,a vessel under one hundred and fifty feet in length when at anchor shall carry forward1 where it can best be seen1 but at a height not exceeding twenty feet above the hull1 a white light1 in a lantern so constructed as to show a clear1 uniform1 and unbroken light visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least one mile4 ,a vessel of one hundred and fifty feet or upwards in length when at anchor shall carry in the forward part of the vessel1 at a height of not less than twenty and not exceeding forty feet above the hull1 one such light1 and at or near the stern of the vessel1 and at such a height that it shall be not less than fifteen feet lower than the forward light1 another such light4 ,the length of a vessel shall be deemed to be the length appearing in her certificate of registry4 ,special ,signals4 ,,art4 #ab4 ,every vessel may1 if necessary1 in order to attract attention1 in addition to the lights which she is by these rules required to carry1 show a flare-up light or use any detonating signal that can not be mistaken for a distress signal4 ,naval lights and recognition signals4 ,,art4 #ac4 ,nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the ,government of any nation with respect to additional station and signal lights for two or more ships of war or for vessels sailing under convoy1 or with the exhibition of recognition signals adopted by shipowners1 which have been authorized by their respective ,governments1 and duly registered and published4 ,steam vessel under sail by day4 ,,art4 #ad4 ,a steam vessel proceeding under sail only1 but having her funnel up1 may carry in daytime1 forward1 where it can best be seen1 one black ball or shape two feet in diameter4 ,,inland ,,rules3 ,,iii4 ,,sound ,,signals ,,for ,,fog1 ,,and ,,so ,,forth ,preliminary4 ,,art4 #ae4 ,all signals prescribed by this article for vessels under way shall be given3 #a4 ,by steam vessels on the whistle or siren4 #b4 ,by sailing vessels and vessels towed on the fog horn4 ,the words prolonged blast used in this article shall mean a blast of from four to six seconds duration4 ,a steam vessel shall be provided with an efficient whistle or siren1 sounded by steam or by some substitute for steam1 so placed that the sound may not be intercepted by any obstruction1 and with an efficient fog horn2 also with an efficient bell4 ,a sailing vessel of twenty tons gross tonnage or upward shall be provided with a similar fog horn and bell4 ,in fog1 mist1 falling snow1 or heavy rain storms1 whether by day or night1 the signals described in this article shall be used as follows1 namely3 ,steam vessel under way4 7a7 ,a steam vessel under way shall sound1 at intervals of not more than one minute1 a prolonged blast4 ,sail vessel under way4 7c7 ,a sailing vessel under way shall sound1 at intervals of not more than one minute1 when on the starboard tack1 one blast2 when on the port tack1 two blasts in succession1 and when with the wind abaft the beam1 three blasts in succession4 ,vessels at anchor or not under way4 7d7 ,a vessel when at anchor shall1 at intervals of not more than one minute1 ring the bell rapidly for about five seconds4 ,vessels towing or towed4 7e7 ,a steam vessel when towing1 shall1 instead of the signals prescribed in subdivision 7a7 of this article1 at intervals of not more than one minute1 sound three blasts in succession1 namely1 one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts4 ,a vessel towed may give this signal and she shall not give any other4 ,rafts1 or other craft not provided for4 7f7 ,all rafts or other water craft1 not herein provided for1 navigating by hand power1 horse power1 or by the current of the river1 shall sound a blast of the fog horn1 or equivalent signal1 at intervals of not more than one minute4 ,speed in fog4 ,,art4 #af4 ,every vessel shall1 in a fog1 mist1 falling snow1 or heavy rain storms1 go at a moderate speed1 having careful regard to the existing circumstances and conditions4 ,a steam vessel hearing1 apparently forward of her beam1 the fog signal of a vessel the position of which is not ascertained shall1 so far as the circumstances of the case admit1 stop her engines1 and then navigate with caution until danger of collision is over4 ,,inland ,,rules3 ,,iv4 ,,steering ,,and ,,sailing ,,rules ,preliminary4 ,risk of collision can1 when circumstances permit1 be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing of an approaching vessel4 ,if the bearing does not appreciably change1 such risk should be deemed to exist4 ,sailing vessels4 ,,art4 #ag4 ,when two sailing vessels are approaching one another1 so as to involve risk of collision1 one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows1 namely3 7a7 ,a vessel which is running free shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is closehauled4 7b7 ,a vessel which is closehauled on the port tack shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is closehauled on the starboard tack4 7c7 ,when both are running free1 with the wind on different sides1 the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other4 7d7 ,when both are running free1 with the wind on the same side1 the vessel which is to the windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to the leeward4 7e7 ,a vessel which has the wind aft shall keep out of the way of the other vessel4 ,steam vessels4 ,,art4 #ah4 ,,rule ,i4 ,when steam vessels are approaching each other head and head1 that is1 end on1 or nearly so1 it shall be the duty of each to pass on the port side of the other2 and either vessel shall give1 as a signal of her intention1 one short and distinct blast of her whistle1 which the other vessel shall answer promptly by a similar blast of her whistle1 and thereupon such vessels shall pass on the port side of each other4 ,but if the courses of such vessels are so far on the starboard of each other as not to be considered as meeting head and head1 either vessel shall immediately give two short and distinct blasts of her whistle1 which the other vessel shall answer promptly by two similar blasts of her whistle1 and they shall pass on the starboard side of each other4 ,the foregoing only applies to cases where vessels are meeting end on1 or nearly end on1 in such a manner as to involve risk of collision2 in other words1 to cases in which1 by day1 each vessel sees the masts of the other in a line1 or nearly in a line1 with her own1 and by night to cases in which each vessel is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other4 ,it does not apply by day to cases in which a vessel sees another ahead crossing her own course1 or by night to cases where the red light of one vessel is opposed to the red light of the other1 or where the green light of one vessel is opposed to the green light of the other1 or where a red light without a green light or a green light without a red light1 is seen ahead1 or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead4 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,if1 when steam vessels are approaching each other1 either vessel fails to understand the course or intention of the other1 from any cause1 the vessel so in doubt shall immediately signify the same by giving several short and rapid blasts1 not less than four1 of the steam whistle4 ,,rule ,v4 ,whenever a steam vessel is nearing a short bend or curve in the channel1 where1 from the height of the banks or other cause1 a steam vessel approaching from the opposite direction can not be seen for a distance of half a mile1 such steam vessel1 when she shall have arrived within half a mile of such curve or bend1 shall give a signal by one long blast of the steam whistle1 which signal shall be answered by a similar blast given by any approaching steam vessel that may be within hearing4 ,should such signal be so answered by a steam vessel upon the farther side of such bend1 then the usual signals for meeting and passing shall immediately be given and answered2 but1 if the first alarm signal of such vessel be not answered1 she is to consider the channel clear and govern herself accordingly4 ,when steam vessels are moved from their docks or berths1 and other boats are liable to pass from any direction toward them1 they shall give the same signal as in the case of vessels meeting at a bend1 but immediately after clearing the berths so as to be fully in sight they shall be governed by the steering and sailing rules4 ,,rule ,,viii4 ,when steam vessels are running in the same direction1 and the vessel which is astern shall desire to pass on the right or starboard hand of the vessel ahead1 she shall give one short blast of the steam whistle1 as a signal of such desire1 and if the vessel ahead answers with one blast1 she shall put her helm to port2 or if she shall desire to pass on the left or port side of the vessel ahead1 she shall give two short blasts of the steam whistle as a signal of such desire1 and if the vessel ahead answers with two blasts1 shall put her helm to starboard2 or if the vessel ahead does not think it safe for the vessel astern to attempt to pass at that point1 she shall immediately signify the same by giving several short and rapid blasts of the steam whistle1 not less than four1 and under no circumstances shall the vessel astern attempt to pass the vessel ahead until such time as they have reached a point where it can be safely done1 when said vessel ahead shall signify her willingness by blowing the proper signals4 ,the vessel ahead shall in no case attempt to cross the bow or crowd upon the course of the passing vessel4 ,,rule ,,ix4 ,the whistle signals provided in the rules under this article1 for steam vessels meeting1 passing1 or overtaking1 are never to be used except when steamers are in sight of each other1 and the course and position of each can be determined in the daytime by a sight of the vessel itself1 or by night by seeing its signal lights4 ,in fog1 mist1 falling snow or heavy rain storms1 when vessels can not see each other1 fog signals only must be given4 ,supplementary regulations4 ,,sec4 #b4 ,that the supervising inspectors of steam-vessels and the ,supervising ,inspector-,general shall establish such rules to be observed by steam vessels in passing each other and as to the lights to be carried by ferryboats and by barges and canal boats when in tow of steam vessels1 not inconsistent with the provisions of this act1 as they from time to time may deem necessary for safety1 which rules when approved by the ,secretary of ,commerce are hereby declared special rules duly made by local authority1 as provided for in article thirty of chapter eight hundred and two of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety4 ,two printed copies of such rules shall be furnished to such ferryboats and steam vessels1 which rules shall be kept posted up in conspicuous places in such vessels4 ,two steam vessels crossing4 ,,art4 #ai4 ,when two steam vessels are crossing1 so as to involve risk of collision1 the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other4 ,steam vessel shall keep out of the way of sailing vessel4 ,,art4 #bj4 ,when a steam vessel and a sailing vessel are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision1 the steam vessel shall keep out of the way of the sailing vessel4 ,course and speed4 ,,art4 #ba4 ,where1 by any of these rules1 one of the two vessels is to keep out of the way1 the other shall keep her course and speed4 ,see articles twenty-seven and twenty-nine4 ,crossing ahead4 ,,art4 #bb4 ,every vessel which is directed by these rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall1 if the circumstances of the case admit1 avoid crossing ahead of the other4 ,steam vessel shall slacken speed or stop4 ,,art4 #bc4 ,every steam vessel which is directed by these rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall1 on approaching her1 if necessary1 slacken her speed or stop or reverse4 ,overtaking vessels4 ,,art4 #bd4 ,notwithstanding anything contained in these rules every vessel1 overtaking any other1 shall keep out of the way of the overtaken vessel4 ,every vessel coming up with another vessel from any direction more than two points abaft her beam1 that is1 in such a position1 with reference to the vessel which she is overtaking that at night she would be unable to see either of that vessel's side lights1 shall be deemed to be an overtaking vessel2 and no subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these rules1 or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear4 ,as by day the overtaking vessel can not always know with certainty whether she is forward of or abaft this direction from the other vessel she should1 if in doubt1 assume that she is an overtaking vessel and keep out of the way4 ,narrow channels4 ,,art4 #be4 ,in narrow channels every steam vessel shall1 when it is safe and practicable1 keep to that side of the fairway or mid-channel which lies on the starboard side of such vessel4 ,right of way of fishing vessels4 ,,art4 #bf4 ,sailing vessels under way shall keep out of the way of sailing vessels or boats fishing with nets1 or lines1 or trawls4 ,this rule shall not give to any vessel or boat engaged in fishing the right of obstructing a fairway used by vessels other than fishing vessels or boats4 ,general prudential rule4 ,,art4 #bg4 ,in obeying and construing these rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision1 and to any special circumstances which may render a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger4 ,sound signals for passing steamers4 ,see article eighteen4 ,,art4 #bh4 ,when vessels are in sight of one another a steam vessel under way whose engines are going at full speed astern shall indicate that fact by three short blasts on the whistle4 ,precaution4 ,,art4 #bi4 ,nothing in these rules shall exonerate any vessel1 or the owner or master or crew thereof1 from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals1 or of any neglect to keep a proper lookout1 or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen1 or by the special circumstances of the case4 ,lights on ,united ,states naval vessels and revenue cutters4 ,,art4 #cj4 ,the exhibition of any light on board of a vessel of war of the ,united ,states or a ,coast ,guard cutter may be suspended whenever1 in the opinion of the ,secretary of the ,navy1 the commander-in-chief of a squadron1 or the commander of a vessel acting singly1 the special character of the service may require it4 ,distress signals4 ,,art4 #ca4 ,when a vessel is in distress and requires assistance from other vessels or from the shore the following shall be the signals to be used or displayed by her1 either together or separately1 namely3 ,in the daytime-- ,a continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus1 or firing a gun4 ,at night-- ,first4 ,flames on the vessel as from a burning tar barrel1 oil barrel1 and so forth4 ,second4 ,a continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus1 or firing a gun4 ,,chapter ,,xix ,,limits ,,of ,,inland ,,waters ,,of ,,the ,u4 ,s4 ,inland waters on the ,atlantic1 ,pacific1 and ,gulf coasts of the ,united ,states where the ,inland ,rules of the ,road are to be followed2 and inland waters of the ,united ,states bordering on the ,gulf of ,mexico where the ,inland ,rules of the ,road or ,pilot ,rules for ,western ,rivers are to be followed4 7,all bearings are in degrees true and points magnetic2 distances in nautical miles1 and are given approximately47 ,cutler 7,little ,river7 ,harbor1 ,me4 ,a line drawn from ,long ,point #bbf 7,,sw4 by ,w4 ,w47 to ,little ,river ,head4 ,little ,machias ,bay1 ,machias ,bay1 ,englishman ,bay1 ,chandler ,bay1 ,moosabec ,reach1 ,pleasant ,bay1 ,narraguagus ,bay1 and ,pigeon ,hill ,bay1 ,me4 ,a line drawn from ,little ,river ,head #bcb 7,,wsw4 ,w47 to the outer side of ,old ,man2 thence #bcd 7,,wsw4 ,w47 to the outer side of ,double ,shot ,islands2 thence #bdd 7,w4 ,s47 to ,libby ,islands ,lighthouse2 thence #bca 7,,wsw4 ,w47 to ,moose ,peak ,lighthouse2 thence #bcb 7,,wsw4 ,w47 to ,little ,pond ,head2 from ,pond ,point1 ,great ,wass ,island1 #bci 7,w4 by ,s47 to outer side of ,crumple ,island2 thence #bdi 7,w4 ,s47 to ,petit ,manan ,lighthouse4 ,all harbors on the coast of ,maine1 ,new ,hampshire1 and ,massachusetts between ,petit ,manan ,lighthouse1 ,me41 and ,cape ,ann ,lighthouses1 ,mass4 ,a line drawn from ,petit ,manan ,lighthouse #bje 7,,sw4 ,s471 #bf miles1 to ,mount ,desert ,lighthouse2 thence #bej 7,w4 ,s471 about #cc miles1 to ,matinicus ,rock ,lighthouses2 thence #bfg 7,,wnw4 ,w471 #bj miles1 to ,monhegan ,island ,lighthouse2 thence #bfj 7,w4 ,n47 #ai miles1 to ,seguin ,lighthouse2 thence #bcc 7,,wsw4 ,w471 #ah miles1 to ,portland ,light ,vessel2 thence #bad 7,,sw1 ,w471 #bi miles1 to ,boon ,island ,lighthouse2 thence #baj 7,,sw471 #aa miles1 to ,anderson ,ledge ,spindle1 off ,isles of ,shoals ,lighthouse2 thence #agf 7,s4 by ,w47 #ai miles1 to ,cape ,ann ,lighthouses1 ,mass4 ,boston ,harbor4 ,from ,eastern ,point ,lighthouse #bae 7,,sw4 ,w47 #ae miles1 to ,the ,graves ,lighthouse2 thence #aci 7,,sse4 ,e471 #g miles1 to ,minots ,ledge ,lighthouse4 ,all ,harbors in ,cape ,cod ,bay1 ,mass4 ,a line drawn from ,plymouth 7,gurnet7 ,lighthouses #gg 7,e4 ,s471 #af miles1 to ,race ,point ,lighthouse4 ,nantucket ,sound1 ,vineyard ,sound1 ,buzzards ,bay1 ,narragansett ,bay1 ,block ,island ,sound1 and ,easterly entrance to ,long ,island ,sound4 ,a line drawn from ,chatham ,lighthouses1 ,mass41 #adf 7,s4 by ,e4 ,e471 #d miles1 to ,pollock ,rip ,slue ,light ,vessel2 thence #adb 7,,sse4 ,e471 #ab miles1 to ,great ,round ,shoal ,entrance ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy 7,,ps72 thence #bbi 7,,sw4 by ,w4 ,w471 #ad miles1 to ,sankaty ,head ,lighthouse2 from ,smith ,point1 ,nantucket ,island1 #bfa 7,w4 ,n471 #bg miles1 to ,no ,mans ,land ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy1 #b2 thence #cei 7,n4 by ,e4 ,e471 #h miles1 to ,gay ,head ,lighthouse2 thence #bej 7,w4 ,s471 #cd miles1 to ,block ,island ,southeast ,lighthouse2 thence #bej 7,w4 ,s471 #ad miles1 to ,montauk ,point ,lighthouse1 on the easterly end of ,long ,island1 ,n4 ,y4 ,new ,york ,harbor4 ,a line drawn from ,rockaway ,point ,coast ,guard ,station #aei 7,s4 by ,e471 #f miles1 to ,ambrose ,channel ,light ,vessel2 thence #bch 7,,wsw4 ,w471 #h miles1 to ,navesink 7southerly7 ,lighthouse4 ,philadelphia ,harbor and ,delaware ,bay4 ,a line drawn from ,cape ,may ,lighthouse #bjj 7,,ssw4 ,w471 #h miles1 to ,overfalls ,light ,vessel2 thence #bdf 7,,wsw4 ,w471 #c miles1 to ,cape ,henlopen ,lighthouse4 ,baltimore ,harbor and ,chesapeake ,bay4 ,a line drawn from ,cape ,charles ,lighthouse #agi 7,s4 ,w47 #aj miles1 to ,cape ,henry ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy1 #b2 thence #beg 7,w4 ,s471 #e miles1 to ,cape ,henry ,lighthouse4 ,charleston ,harbor4 ,a line drawn from ,ferris ,wheel1 on ,isle of ,palms1 #aed 7,,sse4 ,e471 #g miles1 to ,charleston ,light ,vessel2 thence #bei 7,w4 ,s471 through ,charleston ,whistling ,buoy1 #f ,c1 #g miles1 until ,charleston ,lighthouse bears #cej 7,n4 ,w472 thence #bgj 7,w471 #b miles1 to the beach of ,folly ,island4 ,savannah ,harbor and ,calibogue ,sound4 ,a line drawn from ,braddock ,point1 ,hilton ,head ,island1 #aej 7,,sse4 ,e471 #i miles1 to ,tybee ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy1 ,t 7,,ps72 thence #bgj 7,w471 to the beach of ,tybee ,island4 ,st4 ,simon ,sound 7,brunswick ,harbor7 and ,st4 ,andrew ,sound4 ,from hotel on beach of ,st4 ,simon ,island #aeaf mile #fj 7,,ne4 by ,e4 ,e471 from ,st4 ,simon ,lighthouse1 #acj 7,,se ,e471 #f miles1 to ,st4 ,simon ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy 7,,ps72 thence #aid 7,s4 by ,w4 ,w471 #h miles1 to ,st4 ,andrew ,sound ,bar ,buoy 7,,ps72 thence #gg 7,w471 #d miles1 to the shore of ,little ,cumberland ,island4 ,st4 ,johns ,river1 ,fla4 ,a straight line from the outer end of the northerly jetty to the outer end of the southerly jetty4 ,florida ,reefs and ,keys4 ,a line drawn from the easterly end of the northerly jetty1 at the entrance to the dredged channel mile northerly of ,norris ,cut1 #id 7,e4 ,s471 #a miles1 to ,florida ,reefs ,north ,end ,whistling ,buoy1 ,w 7,,hs72 thence #agh 7,s4 ,e471 #h miles1 to ,biscayne ,bay ,sea ,bell ,buoy1 #a2 thence #ahb 7,s4 ,w471 #b miles1 to ,fowey ,rocks ,lighthouse2 thence #ahh 7,s4 ,w471 #f miles1 to ,triumph ,reef ,beacon1 ,o2 thence #aic 7,s4 by ,w471 #d miles1 to ,ajax ,reef ,beacon1 ,m2 thence #aid 7,s4 by ,w4 ,w471 #b miles1 to ,pacific ,reef ,beacon1 ,l2 thence #aif 7,s4 by ,w4 ,w471 #e miles1 to ,turtle ,harbor ,sea ,buoy1 #b2 thence #baj 7,,ssw4 ,w471 #d miles1 to ,carysfort ,reef ,lighthouse2 thence #bji 7,,ssw4 ,w471 #e miles1 to ,elbow ,reef ,beacon1 ,j2 thence #bag 7,,sw4 ,s471 #i miles1 to ,molasses ,reef ,gas ,buoy1 #b ,m2 thence #bce 7,,sw4 ,w471 #f miles1 to ,conch ,reef ,beacon1 ,e2 thence #bcd 7,,sw4 ,w471 through ,crocker ,reef ,beacon1 ,d1 #aj miles1 to ,alligator ,reef ,lighthouse2 thence #bcd 7,,sw4 ,w471 #aj miles1 to ,tennessee ,reef ,buoy1 #d2 thence #bea 7,,wsw4 ,w471 #aj miles1 to ,coffins ,patches ,beacon1 ,c2 thence #bdg 7,,sw4 by ,w4 ,w471 #h miles1 to ,sombrero ,key ,lighthouse2 thence #bec 7,,wsw4 ,w471 #b miles1 to ,looe ,key ,beacon1 #f2 thence #beg 7,,wsw4 ,w471 #f miles1 to ,american ,shoal ,lighthouse2 thence #bec 7,,wsw4 ,w471 #b miles1 to ,maryland ,shoal ,beacon1 ,s2 thence #bei 7,,wsw4 ,w471 #e miles1 to ,eastern ,sambo ,beacon1 ,a2 thence #bec 7,,wsw4 ,w471 #b miles1 to ,western ,sambo ,beacon1 ,r2 thence #beg 7,,wsw4 ,w471 through ,western ,sambo ,buoy1 #b1 #e miles1 to ,key ,west ,entrance ,gas ,buoy 7,,ps72 thence #bfb 7,w4 ,s471 #d miles1 to ,sand ,key ,lighthouse2 thence #bfa 7,w4 by ,s471 #b miles1 to ,western ,dry ,rocks ,beacon1 #b2 thence #bfh 7,w4 ,s471 #c miles1 through ,satan ,shoal ,buoy 7,,hs7 to ,vestal ,shoal ,buoy1 #a2 thence #bgd 7,w4 ,n471 #e miles1 to ,coal ,bin ,rock ,buoy1 ,,cb 7,,hs72 thence #cbd 7,,nw4 ,n471 #g miles1 to ,marquesas ,keys left tangent2 from northwesterly point ,marquesas ,keys #ei 7,,ne4 by ,e471 #d miles1 to ,bar ,buoy1 #a1 ,boca ,grande ,channel2 thence #hc 7,e4 ,n471 #i miles1 to ,northwest ,channel ,entrance ,bell ,buoy1 #a1 ,northwest ,channel into ,key ,west2 thence #fh 7,,ne4 by ,e4 ,e471 #bc miles1 to northerly side of ,content ,keys2 thence #di 7,,ne4 ,e471 #bi miles1 to ,east ,cape1 ,cape ,sable4 ,charlotte ,harbor and ,punta ,gorda1 ,fla4 ,eastward of ,charlotte ,harbor ,entrance ,gas and ,bell ,buoy 7,,ps71 off ,boca ,grande1 and in ,charlotte ,harbor1 in ,pine ,island ,sound and ,matlacha ,pass4 ,pilot ,rules for ,western ,rivers apply in ,peace and ,miakka ,rivers north of a #bej and #gj 7,,wsw4 and ,,ene47 line through ,mangrove ,point ,light2 and in ,caloosahatchee ,river northward of the steamboat wharf at ,punta ,rasa4 ,tampa ,bay and ,tributaries1 ,fla4 ,from the southerly end of ,long ,key #bde 7,,sw4 by ,w4 ,w471 #i miles1 to ,tampa ,bay ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy 7,,ps72 thence #abi 7,,se4 ,e471 #f miles1 to ,bar ,bell ,buoy 7,,ps71 at the entrance to ,southwest ,channel2 thence #ajc 7,e4 by ,s471 #b miles1 to the house on the north end of ,anna ,maria ,key4 ,pilot ,rules for ,western ,rivers apply in ,manatee ,river inside ,manatee ,river ,entrance ,buoy1 #b2 in ,hillsboro ,bay and ,river inside ,hillsboro ,bay ,light1 #b4 ,st ,george ,sound1 ,apalachicola ,bay1 ,carrabelle and ,apalachicola ,rivers1 and ,st4 ,vincent ,sound1 ,fla4 ,north of a line from ,lighthouse ,point #bdf 7,,sw4 by ,w4 ,w47 #ac miles1 to southeasterly side of ,dog ,island2 to northward of ,east ,pass ,bell ,buoy1 #a1 at the entrance to ,east ,pass1 and inside ,west ,pass ,bell ,buoy 7,,ps7 at the seaward entrance to ,west ,pass4 ,pilot ,rules for ,western ,rivers apply in ,carrabelle ,river inside the entrance to the dredged channel2 in ,apalachicola ,river northward of ,apalachicola ,dredged ,channel ,entrance ,buoy1 #b4 ,pensacola ,harbor4 ,from ,caucus ,cut ,entrance ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy1 #a;,a1 #c 7,n4 ,w471 tangent to easterly side of ,fort ,pickens1 to the shore of ,santa ,rosa ,island1 and from the buoy northward in the buoyed channel through ,caucus ,shoal4 ,mobile ,harbor and ,bay4 ,from ,mobile ,entrance ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy 7,,ps7 #dj 7,,ne4 ,n47 to shore of ,mobile ,point1 and from the buoy #cbj 7,,nw47 to the shore of ,dauphin ,island4 ,pilot ,rules for ,western ,rivers apply in ,mobile ,river above ,choctaw ,point4 ,sounds1 ,lakes1 and ,harbors on the ,coasts of ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 and ,louisiana1 between ,mobile ,bay entrance and the ,delta of the ,mississippi ,river4 ,from ,sand ,island ,lighthouse #bei 7,,wsw4 ,w471 #dc miles1 to ,chandeleur ,lighthouse2 westward of ,chandeleur and ,errol ,islands1 and west of a line drawn from the southwesterly point of ,errol ,island #ahb 7,s4 ,e471 #bc miles1 to ,pass a ,loutre ,lighthouse4 ,pilot ,rules for ,western ,rivers apply in ,pascagoula ,river1 and in the dredged cut at the entrance to the river1 above ,pascagoula ,river ,entrance ,light1 ,a1 marking the entrance to the dredged cut4 ,new ,orleans ,harbor and the ,delta of the ,mississippi ,river4 ,inshore of a line drawn from the outermost mud lump showing above low water at the entrance to ,pass a ,loutre to a similar lump off the entrance to ,northeast ,pass2 thence to a similar lump off the entrance to ,southeast ,pass2 thence to the outermost aid to navigation off the entrance to ,south ,pass2 thence to the outermost aid to navigation off the entrance to ,southwest ,pass2 thence northerly1 about #ai miles1 to the westerly point of the entrance to ,bay ,jaque4 ,sabine ,pass1 ,tex4 ,pilot ,rules for ,western ,rivers apply to ,sabine ,pass northward of ,sabine ,pass ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy 7,,ps71 and in ,sabine ,lake and its tributaries4 ,outside of this buoy the ,international ,rules apply4 ,galveston ,harbor4 ,a line drawn from ,galveston ,north ,jetty ,light #abi 7,,se4 by ,e4 ,e471 #b miles1 to ,galveston ,bar ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy 7,,ps72 thence #bgf 7,w4 ,s471 #b miles1 to ,galveston 7,s47 ,jetty ,lighthouse4 ,brazos ,river1 ,tex4 ,pilot ,rules for ,western ,rivers apply in the entrance and river inside of ,brazos ,river ,entrance ,gas and ,whistling ,buoy 7,,ps74 ,international ,rules apply outside the buoy4 ,san ,diego ,harbor4 ,a line drawn from southerly tower of ,coronado ,hotel #bjh 7,s4 by ,w471 #e miles1 to ,outside ,bar ,whistling ,buoy1 ,,sd 7,,ps72 thence #cde 7,,nnw4 ,w471 #c miles1 to ,point ,loma ,lighthouse4 ,san ,francisco ,harbor4 ,a line drawn through ,mile ,rocks ,lighthouse #cbf 7,,nw4 ,w471 to ,bonita ,point ,lighthouse4 ,columbia ,river entrance4 ,a line drawn from knuckle of ,columbia ,river south jetty #cea 7,,nnw4 ,w47 to ,cape ,disappointment ,lighthouse4 ,juan de ,fuca ,strait1 ,washington and ,puget ,sounds4 ,a line drawn from ,new ,dungeness ,lighthouse #ac 7,n4 by ,w471 #aj miles1 to ,hein ,bank ,gas and ,bell ,buoy 7,,hs72 thence #ccg 7,,nw4 ,w471 #aj miles1 to ,lime ,kiln ,light1 on west side of ,san ,juan ,island2 from ,bellevue ,point1 ,san ,juan ,island1 #ccf 7,,nw4 ,w47 to ,kellett ,bluff1 ,henry ,island2 thence #cdg 7,,nw4 ,n47 to ,turn ,point ,light2 thence #ga 7,,ne4 ,e471 #h miles1 to westerly point of ,skipjack ,island2 thence #ch 7,n4 by ,e4 ,e471 #d miles1 to ,patos ,islands ,light2 thence #cch 7,,nw4 ,w471 #ab miles1 to ,point ,roberts ,light4 ,general rule4 ,at all buoyed entrances from seaward to bays1 sounds1 rivers1 or other estuaries for which specific lines have not been described1 ,inland ,rules shall apply inshore of a line approximately parallel with the general trend of the shore1 drawn through the outermost buoy or other aid to navigation of any system of aids4 ,,chapter ,,xx ,,the ,,quartermasters ,for many years the quartermasters--situated somewhere between the deck hand 7,a4,b47 and the licensed officer--have been the slim loophole through which a few ,american boys have slipped into the merchant service of their country4 ,the duties of the quartermasters have become fairly standard1 and besides steering in two1 and sometimes four hour shifts1 the latter a practice that should be stopped by law1 the quartermasters have had to do about as follows3 ,care of the bridge4 ,care of all signal equipment--flags--rockets--lights--etc4 ,care of navigational gear1 such as sounding machines1 log lines and indicators2 leads1 etc4 ,heaving the lead 7blue pigeon7 and working the sounding machine under an officer4 ,in port1 the quartermasters have had to stand gangway watches1 and watches in the holds while stowing or discharging cargo4 ,quartermasters are a necessity--as signalmen1 helmsmen1 and generally useful assistants in the navigation of the vessel4 ,they are the messengers for the officer of the watch1 read the log when sights are taken1 or course is changed1 and assist generally4 ,steering1 however1 should be done by all hands1 the quartermasters being relieved for at least half of their watch by one of the seamen4 ,this practice would result in a largely increased number of competent helmsmen1 and in an increased efficiency all round4 ,quartermasters should aim to become officers1 and should devote as much of their time as possible to study1 in which the deck officers are usually ready to assist4 ,all quartermasters should be certified lifeboat men1 and should be familiar with the handling of ship's boats4 ,they should be charged with the overhauling of the required lifeboat equipment1 under the direction of one of the officers4 ,,chapter ,,xxi ,,the ,,carpenter ,the carpenter occupies an important position on board ship4 ,he is one of the idlers1 works all day and turns in at night1 like an ordinary human being2 in other words1 he stands no watches4 ,his duties1 of course1 are defined by his title1 but on a well-regulated vessel1 the ,carpenter1 under orders from the ,chief ,mate1 to whom he reports in person1 performs certain standard tasks4 ,sounding4 ,he has charge of the sounding2 sounds the bilges and tanks1 and reports their condition each morning1 or when specially ordered4 ,in the event of grounding1 or collision1 one of the first things to do is to sound bilges and wells in the vicinity of the damage4 ,this duty always falls to the ,carpenter4 ,tanks4 ,any work done to the tanks--not directly under the ,chief ,engineer--is attended to by the ,carpenter4 ,tools4 ,the ,carpenter is responsible for all tools used in the deck department--outside of marline spikes1 fid1 rigging screws1 etc41 which belong to the ,boatswain4 ,he takes care of his shop1 keeps an inventory of his materials1 and turns same in to the ,chief ,mate for approval4 ,cargo ,ports4 ,the ,carpenter should overhaul and attend to the opening and closing of all cargo ports4 ,hatches4 ,hatches are opened and covered and the tarpaulins battened down by the ,carpenter2 he keeps an extra supply of hatch wedges in his shop4 ,deadlights and ,light ,ports4 ,the ,carpenter is charged with the good order and care of all deadlights and light ports4 ,he should examine all deadlights in 'tweendeck1 where cargo has been carried4 ,fresh ,water4 ,the ,carpenter should examine all fresh water tanks before filling4 ,he should see them cement washed1 when necessary1 and should be in attendance when fresh water is taken on board4 ,when double-bottom tanks are being filled1 he should see that vents are opened for the escape of air1 so they will be completely filled4 ,decks4 ,the ,carpenter is specially charged with the caulking and repair of wooden decks4 ,he should keep a supply of deck plugs handy4 ,caulking is almost a lost art today4 ,booms--,masts4 ,the ,carpenter is charged with the upkeep of booms and masts4 ,he should examine the masts at the partners1 whenever the vessel is unloaded4 ,runs of rust should be noted and the state of the wedges and mast coats reported to the ,chief ,mate1 if necessary4 ,old booms should be examined in the wake of bands1 and probed for dry rot at the heel4 ,checks and dangerous cracks--probably puttied up--should be searched for and reported to the ,chief ,mate4 ,storm ,oil4 ,the ,carpenter should have charge of the storm-oil tank1 and should see that the drip cocks and pipes leading to the hawse1 or over side1 are kept clear1 and that the supply of oil required by the ,u4 ,s4 ,inspectors is on hand3 ,vessels of over #bjj and not over #a1jjj gross tons1 #cj gallons4 ,vessels of over #a1jjj and not over #c1jjj gross tons1 #dj gallons4 ,vessels of over #c1jjj and not over #e1jjj gross tons1 #ej gallons4 ,vessels of over #e1jjj gross tons shall carry at least #ajj gallons4 ,general4 ,the modern ship carpenter is as much a worker with iron and steel as he is with wood4 ,his duty requires that he be familiar with machinery--and his special charge is the braking and releasing of the windlass1 under the direction of the ,chief ,mate4 ,a top-notch carpenter is a jewel1 he is a scarce article in these degenerate days of high wages and indifferent performance4 ,a good artisan can do no better than to go to sea as a carpenter in a well-found modern steamer2 the pay is good he will have comfortable quarters1 and good food1 he will also save money4 ,this holds true of most billets aboard a merchant vessel today4 ,,chapter ,,xxii ,,the ,,boatswain ,the ,boatswain1 for a long time was not in favor on ,american vessels1 this prejudice being a survival of the hard old sailing-ship days1 after ,america had ceased to be great with her white wings4 ,the cheese-paring policy of many owners denied the common sense arrangement of having a ,boatswain--a leading man of the crew--to do the actual roustabout with the men in holds and on deck4 ,the ,mates were supposed to attend to such matters1 and while they juggled hose1 and did other energetic1 but senseless duties1 other matters of far greater importance went undone4 ,owners are now generally alive to the fact that a ,boatswain makes the ,chief ,mate about ten times as useful as an officer4 ,he can plan work1 attend to his duties and inspections1 while such matters as washing decks1 mixing paints1 standing over gangs of chippers1 or side cleaners1 goes on without interruption under the ,boatswain4 ,the ,duty of the ,boatswain is so closely associated with the duty of the ,chief ,mate1 that it is more or less a matter of repetition to enumerate just what he is supposed to look after4 ,under the ,chief ,mate1 the ,boatswain works the men2 if in a large vessel1 with the assistance of a ,boatswain's ,mate4 ,at sea1 the watches are divided between the ,boatswain and his ,mate4 ,the ,boatswain should be something more than an able seaman1 as the term is known today4 ,steamers do not carry a sailmaker1 and the ,boatswain should be able to sew a seam1 sew on a bolt rope1 and fit and cut an awning1 or a staysail4 ,he should understand something about rigging--the splicing of wire ropes--the turning in of thimbles--the making and rigging of lifeboat sails 7most of them on merchant vessels are an abomination74 ,boatswain's ,orders4 ,a small book of ,boatswains' ,orders1 filled out by the ,chief ,mate helps to keep things straight and the work on deck progressing4 ,this is specially necessary where the ,chief ,mate stands a bridge watch and may be turned in for a part of the day4 ,stands ,by4 ,the ,boatswain or his ,mate1 whoever is on deck1 should always stand by for an emergency call from the bridge1 to attend to any work that the officer of the watch may wish to have done4 ,,chapter ,,xxiii ,,able ,,seamen ,the able seaman of the present is an elusive bird who draws twice as much pay as the ,chief ,mate of a three-skysail-yarder earned in the slack days of the past1 and his knowledge of seamanship is in the ratio of nothing to everything4 ,the modern ,a4,b4 just is2 he arrives at the office of the ,shipping ,commissioner1 when the crew sign on1 and he is there when they pay off1 that is1 if he has not become tired of travel1 while on the voyage1 and stopped off for rest in foreign ports4 ,however1 better days are dawning for the men of the sea2 official recognition of the seaman1 is carrying with it certain requirements as to real ability4 ,higher standards bring with them increased respect and less friction between officers and men4 ,no mate1 worthy of the name1 will find fault with a man who can surge a ten-inch manila line when springing a vessel around a pier1 or who can turn a splice into a wire mooring line--any seaman worthy of his pay should be able to do such things and many others--the official standards1 as set forth in a ,department of ,commerce circular follow3 ,,able ,,seamen ,department of ,commerce ,circular ,no4 #bfd ,by virtue of the authority conferred by section #ac1 of the act approved ,march #d1 #aiae1 which provides ,that upon examination1 under rules prescribed by the ,department of ,commerce as to eyesight1 hearing1 physical condition1 and knowledge of the duties of seamanship a person found competent may be rated as able seaman after having served on deck twelve months at sea1 or on the ,great ,lakes1 the following regulations are prescribed for determining the knowledge of the duties of seamanship of such persons who make application for examination for a certificate of service as able seaman3 #a4 ,any person who has had twelve months' service on deck at sea or on the ,great ,lakes on any vessel of #ajj tons gross and upward 7except those navigating rivers exclusively and the smaller inland lakes1 and except fishing or whaling vessels or yachts71 including decked fishing vessels1 naval vessels1 and coast-guard vessels1 may make application to any board of local inspectors for a certificate of service as able seaman1 and upon proof being made to said board by affidavit as to service1 and examination as to physical condition and knowledge of the duties of seamanship1 showing the nationality and age of the applicant and the vessel or vessels on which he has had service1 the board of local inspectors shall issue to said applicant a certificate of service which shall be retained by him and be accepted as prima facie evidence of his rating as able seaman4 #b4 ,no person shall be examined who does not produce satisfactory affidavit or affidavits that he has served at sea or on the ,great ,lakes as prescribed in paragraph #a4 #c4 ,each applicant shall pass the prescribed physical examination before a medical officer of the ,public ,health ,service before being permitted to take the examination to determine his knowledge of the duties of seamanship4 #d4 ,the professional examination to determine the applicant's knowledge of the duties of seamanship shall be oral1 and shall be conducted in the form of questions and answers and by practical tests4 ,the applicant shall be examined in each of the prescribed subjects and given a mark in each based on a scale of #ajj4 #e4 ,no person shall be recommended for or shall receive the certificate of service as able seaman who fails to attain a general average of merit of #gj per cent4 #f4 ,the professional examination may be conducted by an officer of the ,united ,states ,navy1 the ,coast ,guard1 ,lighthouse ,service1 ,coast and ,geodetic ,survey1 ,navigation ,service1 or any other marine officer designated by the ,secretary of ,commerce4 ,when any such officer conducts the examination the board of local inspectors shall issue to the applicant a certificate of service as able seaman upon receiving notice in writing from such an officer that the applicant has passed the prescribed examination as to the knowledge of the duties of seamanship4 #g4 ,the professional examination will be conducted as concisely as possible1 with the view of determining the applicant's qualifications1 and will embrace the following subjects3 7a7 ,boxing the compass4--,the applicant will be required to box the compass by points or degrees1 according to the experience he has had in the use of either method4 7b7 ,lights and fog signals4--,a knowledge will be required of the running and anchor lights for steam and sailing vessels on the sea1 inland waters1 or ,great ,lakes1 and a like knowledge of fog signals1 according to the waters on which the applicant has served4 7c7 ,signals for starting1 stopping1 slowing down1 and backing the engines of steam vessels4--,this examination will be restricted to the signals in use on the sea1 or ,great ,lakes1 according to the waters on which the applicant has served4 ,in view of the widespread use of engine telegraphs1 knowledge of engine bell signals1 while deemed advantageous1 will not be required if in other respects the candidate qualified4 7d7 ,passing signals for steam vessels4--,to be confined to vessels meeting or passing under ordinary conditions4 7e7 ,knotting1 bending1 splicing1 and hitching4--,the applicant will be required to make a few of the principal knots1 bends1 splices1 and hitches in common use by sailormen4 7f7 ,ability to pull an oar4--,the applicant's knowledge of pulling an oar will be determined by actual trial in a boat4 7g7 ,clearing away1 lowering1 and getting away from the ship4--,the applicant's ability will be determined by actual trial aboard ship4 7h7 ,handling boats at sea4--,this examination will include questions relative to the proper handling of a boat in running before a heavy sea2 in pulling into a sea2 the trim of the boat2 and steering with an oar1 tiller1 or yoke4 7i7 ,knowledge of nautical terms4--,the applicant will be required to definitely locate different parts of a ship1 and to give the names of the different masts1 sails1 rigging davits1 etc4 7j7 ,steering4--,the applicant will be required to demonstrate his knowledge of handling the wheel of a steamer by obeying orders passed to him as wheelman4 ,,william ,c4 ,,redfield1 ,secretary4 ,the able seaman should also know the following3 ,markings and use of the hand lead4 ,handling of a boat under sail4 ,running a steam winch4 ,slinging a scaffold plank4 ,use of the life line and breeches buoy--that is what to do on the ship end of the line4 ,use of rockets4 ,use of line-throwing gun4 ,use of the heaving line4 ,slinging a cask4 ,sewing canvas4 ,international ,code ,flags4 ,hand semaphore signals4 ,an able seaman might know a lot more1 but the above coupled with the things mentioned by ,mr4 ,redfield1 should turn him out as a competent ,american sailorman4 ,the following common sense advice taken from the pages of the ,coast ,seamen's ,journal1 on ,teaching ,seamanship1 is given--it clearly sets forth the things a modern merchant sailorman should know4 ,were we asked to prescribe a course of instruction in seamanship for beginners1 we should arrange it somewhat as follows3 ,first--,teach the pupil the names1 locations and uses of the different parts of the ship1 and of her spars1 sails1 standing and running riggings2 together with the meaning of such terms as port1 starboard1 lee1 weather1 astern1 ahead1 abaft1 aloft and alow4 ,second--,show him how to box the compass and1 if possible1 how to steer4 ,explain to him the meaning of the commands1 ,hard up and ,hard down the helm1 and why he must turn the wheel to port when ordered to starboard the helm1 and vice versa4 ,also show him the marks on the hand leadline4 ,third--,teach him how to whip a rope2 how to make a clinch2 how to tie a reef knot2 how to make the bends and hitches commonly used on a ship1 such as a bowline1 clove hitch1 sheet bend1 anchor bend1 rolling hitch1 timber hitch1 bow line on a bight1 cat's paw1 blackwall hitch1 midshipman's hitch1 single carrick bend1 sheepshank1 etc4 ,also how to put on a strop and how to shorten a cargo sling4 ,fourth--,take up splicing and knotting--eye splice1 short splice1 long splice1 crown and wall knot1 lanyard knot and manrope knot4 ,instruct the learner how to worm1 parcel and serve a rope2 how to put on a seizing2 how to pass the head earing on a sail2 how to put on a ratline2 how to make plain sennit and paunch mats1 and explain their uses4 ,fifth--,give the pupils a thorough drilling in the loosing1 setting1 taking in1 reefing and furling of the sails2 in bracing the yards2 in catting and fishing the anchors2 in pulling boats and handling of oars2 in sending the lighter spars down on deck and up again1 and such other maneuvers as are generally recognized as necessary to the safe navigation of ships4 ,in fact1 these drills might1 with great benefit to the learners1 alternate daily with the instruction in the other details of seamanship4 ,a willing1 healthy young fellow1 who has gone through a course of training as outlined above1 will1 with two or three months of actual seafaring behind him1 be well worth his keep and wages as a sailor4 ,the experience he will then be daily gaining will soon fill up the gaps in his nautical education necessarily left by his hurried training ship instruction1 till in another year or two he will have developed into a full-fledged able seaman4 ,if he then chooses to take up with fancy work--and they usually do--all good and well4 ,but safety first4 ,and safety for a man before the mast lies in knowing how to perform in a shipshape manner the daily1 prosaic1 everyday routine duties of an able seaman4 ,the laws governing the ,american ,seaman1 in which are incorporated the laws known as the ,seamen's ,act1 follow4 ,they are of interest to every one who is governed by them4 ,laws are made to provide for the proper regulation of our affairs1 and no matter how wordy1 the intent is to uphold recognized authority1 and be just to all--sea lawyers take notice4 ,,chapter ,,xxiv ,u4 ,s4 ,,navigation ,,laws ,,governing ,,merchant ,,seamen ,definitions4 ,in the construction of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 every person having the command of any vessel belonging to any citizen of the ,united ,states shall be deemed to be the master thereof2 and every person 7apprentices excepted7 who shall be employed or engaged to serve in any capacity on board the same shall be deemed and taken to be a seaman2 and the term vessel shall be understood to comprehend every description of vessel navigating on any sea or channel1 lake or river1 to which the provisions of this ,title may be applicable1 and the term owner shall be taken and understood to comprehend all the several persons1 if more than one1 to whom the vessel shall belong4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfab47 ,exemption for militia duty4 ,pilots1 mariners actually employed in the sea service of any citizen or merchant within the ,united ,states1 and all persons who are exempted by the laws of the respective ,states or ,territories shall be exempted from militia duty1 without regard to age4 7,jan4 #bf1 #aijc2 sec4 #b47 ,form of articles of agreement4 ,,united ,,states ,,of ,,america4 7,date and place of first signature of agreement1 including name of shipping-office47 ,it is agreed between the master and seamen or mariners of the -------- --------1 of which -------- -------- is at present master1 or whoever shall go for master1 now bound from the port of --------1 --------1 to --------1 --------1 7here the voyage is to be described1 and the places named at which the vessel is to touch1 or if that cannot be done1 the general nature and probable length of the voyage is to be stated47 ,and the said crew agree to conduct themselves in an orderly1 faithful1 honest1 and sober manner1 and to be at all times diligent in their respective duties1 and to be obedient to the lawful commands of the said master1 or of any person who shall lawfully succeed him1 and of their superior officers in everything relating to the vessel1 and the stores and cargo thereof1 whether on board1 in boats1 or on shore2 and in consideration of which service1 to be duly performed1 the said master hereby agrees to pay the said crew1 as wages1 the sums against their names respectively expressed1 and to supply them with provisions according to the annexed scale4 ,and it is hereby agreed that any embezzlement1 or willful or negligent destruction of any part of the vessel's cargo or stores1 shall be made good to the owner out of the wages of the person guilty of the same2 and if any person enters himself as qualified for a duty which he proves himself incompetent to perform1 his wages shall be reduced in proportion to his incompetency4 ,and it is also agreed that if any member of the crew considers himself to be aggrieved by any breach of the agreement or otherwise1 he shall represent the same to the master or officer in charge of the vessel1 in a quiet and orderly manner1 who shall thereupon take such steps as the case may require4 ,and it is also agreed that 7here any other stipulations may be inserted to which the parties agree1 and which are not contrary to law74 ,in witness whereof the said parties have subscribed their names hereto1 on the days against their respective signatures mentioned4 ,signed by -------- --------1 master1 on the -------- day of --------1 eighteen hundred and --------4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,signature of crew4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,birthplace4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,age4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,height4 ,feet4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,inches4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,description4 ,complexion4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,hair4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,wages per month4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,wages per run4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,amount of allotment4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,time of service4 ,months4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,days4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,whole wages4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,wages due4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,place and time of entry4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,time at which he is to be on board4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,in what capacity4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,shipping commissioner's signature or initials4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,allotment payable to-- ---------------------------------------- --------- ,conduct qualifications4 ---------------------------------------- --------- 7,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #aj2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #bd47 ,,note4--,in the place for signatures and descriptions of men engaged after the first departure of the ship1 the entries are to be made as above1 except that the signatures of the consul or vice-consul1 officer of customs1 or witness before whom the man is engaged1 is to be substituted for that of the shipping-master4 ,scale of provisions to be allowed and served out to crew during the voyage4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,sunday,monday,tuesday,wednes-,thurs-,fr iday,satur- day day day ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,water quarts #e #e #e #e #e #e #e ,biscuit pound ,beef1 salt pounds #a #a #a ,pork1 salt pound #a #a #a ,flour pound ,canned meat pound #a #a ,fresh bread pounds #a #a #a #a #a #a ,fish1 dry1 preserved or fresh pound #a ,potatoes or yams pound #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,canned tomatoes pound ,peas pint ,beans pint ,rice pint ,coffee 7green berry7 ounce ,tea ounce ,sugar ounces #c #c #c #c #c #c #c ,molasses pint ,dried fruit ounces #c #c #c ,pickles pint ,vinegar pint ,corn meal ounces #d #d ,onions ounces #d #d ,lard ounce #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,butter ounces #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ,mustard1 pepper1 and salt sufficient for seasoning4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,substitutes4 ,one pound of flour daily may be substituted for the daily ration of biscuit or fresh bread2 two ounces of desiccated vegetables for one pound of potatoes or yams2 six ounces of hominy1 oatmeal1 or cracked wheat1 or two ounces of tapioca1 for six ounces of rice2 six ounces of canned vegetables for one-half pound of canned tomatoes2 one-eighth of an ounce of tea for three-fourths of an ounce of coffee2 three-fourths of an ounce of coffee for one-eighth of an ounce of tea2 six ounces of canned fruit for three ounces of dried fruit2 one-half ounce of lime juice for the daily ration of vinegar2 four ounces of oatmeal or cracked wheat for one-half pint of corn meal2 two ounces of pickled onions for four ounces of fresh onions4 ,when the vessel is in port and it is possible to obtain the same1 one-and-one-half pounds of fresh meat shall be substituted for the daily rations of salt and canned meat2 one-half pound of green cabbage for one ration of canned tomatoes2 one-half pound of fresh fruit for one ration of dried fruit4 ,fresh fruit and vegetables shall be served while in port if obtainable4 ,the seamen shall have the option of accepting the fare the master may provide1 but the right at any time to demand the foregoing scale of provisions4 ,the foregoing scale of provisions shall be inserted in every article of agreement1 and shall not be reduced by any contract1 except as above1 and a copy of the same shall be posted in a conspicuous place in the galley and in the forecastle of each vessel4 ,fishing or whaling vessels or yachts exempt--,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfab2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #bc2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #aj47 ,account of apprentices on board4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,christian and ,date of ,port at which ,date of ,port at which surname of registry ofindenture wasregister ofassignment was apprentice in full4indenture4 registered4 assignment4 registered4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- 7,r4 ,s41 #dfab47 ,certificate of discharge4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,name and official number of ship4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,port of registry4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,tonnage4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,description of voyage or employment4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,name of seaman4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,place of birth4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,date of birth4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,character4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,declines to give statement of character4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,capacity4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,date of entry4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,date of discharge4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,place of discharge4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,i certify that the above particulars are correct1 and that the above-named seaman was discharged accordingly4 ,dated -------- day of --------1 eighteen hundred and --------4 7,signed7 -------- --------1 ,master4 7,countersigned7 -------- --------1 ,seaman4 ,given to the above-named seaman in my presence this -------- day of --------1 eighteen hundred and --------4 7,signed7 -------- --------1 ,shipping-,commissioner4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfab47 ,naturalization and citizenship of seamen4 ,every seaman1 being a foreigner1 who declares his intention of becoming a citizen of the ,united ,states in any competent court1 and shall have served three years on board of a merchant vessel of the ,united ,states subsequent to the date of such declaration1 may1 on his application to any competent court1 and the production of his certificate of discharge and good conduct during that time1 together with the certificate of his declaration of intention to become a citizen1 be admitted a citizen of the ,united ,states2 and every seaman1 being a foreigner1 shall1 after his declaration of intention to become a citizen of the ,united ,states1 and after he shall have served such three years1 be deemed a citizen of the ,united ,states for the purpose of manning and serving on board any merchant-vessel of the ,united ,states1 anything to the contrary in any act of ,congress notwithstanding2 but such seaman shall1 for all purposes of protection as an ,american citizen1 be deemed such1 after the filing of his declaration of intention to become such citizen4 7,r4 ,s41 #bagd47 ,the collector of every district shall keep a book or books1 in which1 at the request of any seaman1 being a citizen of the ,united ,states of ,america1 and producing proof of his citizenship1 authenticated in the manner hereinafter directed1 he shall enter the name of such seaman1 and shall deliver to him a certificate1 in the following form1 that is to say3 ,i1 ,a4 ,b41 collector of the district of ,d41 do hereby certify1 that ,e4 ,f41 an ,american seaman1 aged -------- years1 or thereabouts1 of the height of -------- feet -------- inches1 7describing the said seaman as particularly as may be17 has1 this day1 produced to me proof in the manner directed by law2 and ,i do hereby certify that the said ,e4 ,f4 is a citizen of the ,united ,states of ,america4 ,in witness whereof1 ,i have hereunto set my hand and seal of office1 this -------- day of --------4 ,it shall be the duty of the collectors to file and preserve the proofs of citizenship so produced4 7,r4 ,s41 #dehh2 ,june #ai1 #ahhf47 ,the collector of every port of entry in the ,united ,states shall send a list of the seaman to whom certificates of citizenship have been granted1 once every three months1 to the ,secretary of ,state together with an account of such impressments or detentions1 as shall appear1 by the protests of the masters1 to have taken place4 7,r4 ,s41 #deia47 ,shipping officers4 ,the general duties of a shipping-commissioner shall be3 ,first4 ,to afford facilities for engaging seamen by keeping a register of their names and characters4 ,second4 ,to superintend their engagement and discharge1 in manner prescribed by law4 ,third4 ,to provide means for securing the presence on board at the proper times of men who are so engaged4 ,fourth4 ,to facilitate the making of apprenticeships to the sea service4 ,fifth4 ,to perform such other duties relating to merchant seamen or merchant ships as are now or may hereafter be required by law4 ,in any port in which no shipping-commissioner shall have been appointed1 the whole or any part of the business of a shipping-commissioner shall be conducted by the collector or deputy collector of customs of such port2 and in respect of such business such custom-house shall be deemed a shipping-office1 and the collector or deputy collector of customs to whom such business shall be committed1 shall1 for all purposes1 be deemed a shipping-commissioner within the meaning of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac4 7,r4 ,s41 #dejc47 ,every shipping-commissioner1 and every clerk or employ in any shipping-office1 who demands or receives any remuneration whatever1 either directly or indirectly1 for hiring or supplying any seaman for any merchant-vessels1 excepting the lawful fees payable under this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 shall1 for every such offense1 be liable to a penalty of not more than two hundred dollars4 ,fees payable by individuals abolished ,june #ai1 #ahhf4 7,r4 ,s41 #deie2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiaa2 ,june #ai1 #ahhf2 ,r4 ,s41 #dejh47 ,illegal shipments4 ,whoever1 with intent that any person shall perform service or labor of any kind on board of any vessel engaged in trade and commerce among the several ,states or with foreign nations1 or on board of any vessel of the ,united ,states engaged in navigating the high seas or any navigable water of the ,united ,states1 shall procure or induce1 or attempt to procure or induce1 another1 by force or threats or by representations which he knows or believes to be untrue1 or while the person so procured or induced is intoxicated or under the influence of any drug1 to go on board of any such vessel1 or to sign or in anywise enter into any agreement to go on board of any such vessel to perform service or labor thereon2 or whoever shall knowingly detain on board of any such vessel any person so procured or induced to go on board thereof1 or to enter into any agreement to go on board thereof1 by any means herein defined2 or whoever shall knowingly aid or abet in the doing of any of the things herein made unlawful1 shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than one year1 or both4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiji2 sec4 #hb2 ,repeals act of ,mar4 #b1 #aijg47 ,all shipments of seamen made contrary to the provisions of any act of ,congress shall be void2 and any seaman so shipped may leave the service at any time1 and shall be entitled to recover the highest rate of wages of the port from which the seaman was shipped1 or the sum agreed to be given him at his shipment4 7,r4 ,s41 #debc47 ,owners or masters may ship seamen in certain cases4 ,any person other than a commissioner under this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 who shall perform or attempt to perform1 either directly or indirectly1 the duties which are by this ,title set forth as pertaining to a shipping-commissioner1 shall be liable to a penalty of not more than five hundred dollars4 ,nothing in this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 however1 shall prevent the owner1 or consignee1 or master of any vessel except vessels bound from a port in the ,united ,states to any foreign port1 other than vessels engaged in trade between the ,united ,states and the ,british ,north ,american possessions1 or the ,west ,india ,islands1 or the republic of ,mexico1 and vessels of the burden of seventy-five tons or upward bound from a port on the ,atlantic to a port on the ,pacific1 or vice versa1 from performing1 himself1 so far as his vessel is concerned1 the duties of shipping-commissioner under this ,title4 ,whenever the master of any vessel shall engage his crew1 or any part of the same1 in any collection-district where no shipping-commissioner shall have been appointed1 he may perform for himself the duties of such commissioner4 7,r4 ,s41 #dejd47 ,apprentices4 ,every shipping-commissioner appointed under this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac shall1 if applied to for the purpose of apprenticing boys to the sea-service1 by any master or owner of a vessel1 or by any person legally qualified1 give such assistance as is in his power for facilitating the making of such apprenticeships2 but the shipping- commissioner shall ascertain that the boy has voluntarily consented to be bound1 and that the parents or guardian of such boy have consented to such apprenticeship1 and that he has attained the age of twelve years1 and is of sufficient health and strength1 and that the master to whom such boy is to be bound is a proper person for the purpose4 ,such apprenticeship shall terminate when the apprentice becomes eighteen years of age4 ,the shipping-commissioner shall keep a register of all indentures of apprenticeship made before him4 7,r4 ,s41 #deji47 ,the master of every foreign-going vessel shall1 before carrying any apprentice to sea from any place in the ,united ,states1 cause such apprentice to appear before the shipping-commissioner before whom the crew is engaged1 and shall produce to him the indenture by which such apprentice is bound1 and the assignment or assignments thereof1 if any2 and the name of the apprentice1 with the date of the indenture and of the assignment or assignments thereof1 if any1 shall be entered on the agreement2 which shall be in the form1 as near as may be1 given in the table marked ,a in the schedule annexed to this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac2 and no such assignment shall be made without the approval of a commissioner1 of the apprentice1 and of his parents or his guardian4 ,for any violation of this section1 the master shall be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #deaj47 ,agreement to ship in foreign trade4 ,the master of every vessel bound from a port in the ,united ,states to any foreign port other than vessels engaged in trade between the ,united ,states and the ,british ,north ,american possessions1 or the ,west ,india ,islands1 or the republic of ,mexico1 or of any vessel of the burden of seventy-five tons or upward1 bound from a port on the ,atlantic to a port on the ,pacific1 or vice versa1 shall1 before he proceeds oh such voyage1 make an agreement1 in writing or in print1 with every seaman whom he carries to sea as one of the crew1 in the manner hereinafter mentioned2 and every such agreement shall be1 as near as may be1 in the form given in the table ,marked ,a1 in the schedule annexed to this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 and shall be dated at the time of the first signature thereof1 and shall be signed by the master before any seaman signs the same1 and shall contain the following particulars3 ,first4 ,the nature and1 as far as practicable1 the duration of the intended voyage or engagement1 and the port or country at which the voyage is to terminate4 ,second4 ,the number and description of the crew1 specifying their respective employments4 ,third4 ,the time at which each seaman is to be on board1 to begin work4 ,fourth4 ,the capacity in which each seaman is to serve4 ,fifth4 ,the amount of wages which each seaman is to receive4 ,sixth4 ,a scale of the provisions which are to be furnished to each seaman4 ,seventh4 ,any regulations as to conduct on board and as to fines1 short allowances of provisions1 or other lawful punishments for misconduct1 which may be sanctioned by ,congress or authorized by the ,secretary of ,commerce and ,labor not contrary to or not otherwise provided for by law1 which the parties agree to adopt4 ,eighth4 ,any stipulations in reference to allotment of wages1 or other matters not contrary to law4 ,repealed so far as relates to allotments in trade between the ,united ,states1 ,dominion of ,canada1 ,newfoundland1 the ,west ,indies and ,mexico1 and coasting trade of the ,united ,states1 except between ,atlantic and ,pacific ports1 by sec4 #be of ,act of ,december #ba1 #ahih4 7,r4 ,s41 #deaa2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahig2 sec4 #ai2 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijc2 sec4 #aj2 ,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #aj2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #be47 ,the following rules shall be observed with respect to agreements3 ,first4 ,every agreement except such as are otherwise specially provided for1 shall be signed by each seaman in the presence of a shipping-commissioner4 ,second4 ,when the crew is first engaged the agreement shall be signed in duplicate1 and one part shall be retained by the shipping- commissioner1 and the other part shall contain a special place or form for the description and signatures of persons engaged subsequently to the first departure of the ship1 and shall be delivered to the master4 ,third4 ,every agreement entered into before a shipping-commissioner shall be acknowledged and certified under the hand and official seal of such commissioner4 ,the certificate of acknowledgment shall be indorsed on or annexed to the agreement2 and shall be in the following form3 ,state of --------1 ,county of --------3 ,on this -------- day of --------1 personally appeared before me1 a shipping-commissioner in and for the said county1 ,a4 ,b41 ,c4 ,d41 and ,e4 ,f41 severally known to me to be the same persons who executed the foregoing instrument1 who each for himself acknowledged to me that he had read or had heard read the same2 that he was by me made acquainted with the conditions thereof1 and understood the same2 and that1 while sober and not in a state of intoxication1 he signed it freely and voluntarily1 for the uses and purposes therein mentioned4 7,r4 ,s41 #deab47 ,section #deaa shall not apply to masters of vessels where the seamen are by custom or agreement entitled to participate in the profits or result of a cruise or voyage1 nor to masters of coastwise nor to masters of lake-going vessels that touch at foreign ports2 but seamen may1 by agreement1 serve on board such vessels a definite time1 or1 on the return of any vessel to a port in the ,united ,states1 may reship and sail in the same vessel on another voyage1 without the payment of additional fees to the shipping-commissioner4 ,,note4--,sec4 #deaa1 however1 does apply in part to masters of coastwise vessels whose crews are shipped under provisions of the act of ,feb4 #ah1 #ahie4 7,r4 ,s41 #deac2 ,feb4 #ah1 #ahie2 ,june #ai1 #ahhf47 ,the master shall1 at the commencement of every voyage or engagement1 cause a legible copy of the agreement1 omitting signatures1 to be placed or posted up in such part of the vessel as to be accessible to the crew2 and on default shall be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #deai47 ,period of engagement4 ,a master of a vessel in the foreign trade may engage a seaman at any port in the ,united ,states1 in the manner provided by law1 to serve on a voyage to any port1 or for the round trip from and to the port of departure1 or for a definite time1 whatever the destination4 ,the master of a vessel making regular and stated trips between the ,united ,states and a foreign country may engage a seaman for one or more round trips1 or for a definite time1 or on the return of said vessel to the ,united ,states may reship such seamen for another voyage in the same vessel1 in the manner provided by law1 without the payment of additional fees to any officer for such reshipment or re-engagement4 7,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #ai47 ,penalty for shipment without agreement4 ,if any person shall be carried to sea1 as one of the crew on board of any vessel making a voyage as hereinbefore specified1 without entering into an agreement with the master of such vessel1 in the form and manner1 and at the place and times in such cases required1 the vessel shall be held liable for each such offense to a penalty of not more than two hundred dollars4 ,but the vessel shall not be held liable for any person carried to sea1 who shall have secretly stowed away himself without the knowledge of the master1 mate1 or of any of the officers of the vessel1 or who shall have falsely personated himself to the master1 mate1 or officers of the vessel1 for the purpose of being carried to sea4 7,r4 ,s41 #dead47 ,if any master1 mate1 or other officer of a vessel knowingly receives1 or accepts1 to be entered on board of any merchant-vessel1 any seaman who has been engaged or supplied contrary to the provisions of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 the vessel on board of which such seaman shall be found shall1 for every such seaman1 be liable to a penalty of not more than two hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #deae47 ,shipment in foreign ports before consuls4 ,every master of a merchant-vessel who engages any seaman at a place out of the ,united ,states1 in which there is a consular officer or commercial agent1 shall1 before carrying such seaman to sea1 procure the sanction of such officer1 and shall engage seamen in his presence2 and the rules governing the engagement of seamen before a shipping-commissioner in the ,united ,states1 shall apply to such engagements made before a consular officer or commercial agent2 and upon every such engagement the consular officer or commercial agent shall indorse upon the agreement his sanction thereof1 and an attestation to the effect that the same has been signed in his presence1 and otherwise duly made4 7,r4 ,s41 #deag47 ,every master who engages any seaman in any place in which there is a consular officer or commercial agent1 otherwise than as required by the preceding section1 shall incur a penalty of not more than one hundred dollars1 for which penalty the vessel shall be held liable4 ,every master of a vessel in the foreign trade may engage any seaman at any port out of the ,united ,states1 in the manner provided by law1 to serve for one or more round trips from and to the port of departure1 or for a definite time1 whatever the destination2 and the master of a vessel clearing from a port of the ,united ,states with one or more seamen engaged in a foreign port as herein provided shall not be required to reship in a port of the ,united ,states the seamen so engaged4 7,r4 ,s41 #deah2 ,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #bj2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahig2 sec4 #c47 ,crew list4 ,before a clearance is granted to any vessel bound on a foreign voyage or engaged in the whale-fishery1 the master thereof shall deliver to the collector of the customs a list containing the names1 places of birth and residence1 and description of the persons who compose his ship's company2 to which list the oath of the captain shall be annexed1 that the list contains the names of his crew1 together with the places of their birth and residence1 as far as he can ascertain them2 and the collector shall deliver him a certified copy thereof4 7,r4 ,s41 #degc2 ,june #ai1 #ahhf47 ,in all cases of private vessels of the ,united ,states sailing from a port in the ,united ,states to a foreign port1 the list of the crew shall be examined by the collector for the district from which the vessel shall clear1 and if approved of by him1 shall be certified accordingly4 ,no person shall be admitted or employed on board of any such vessel unless his name shall have been entered in the list of the crew1 approved and certified by the collector for the district from which the vessel shall clear4 ,the collector1 before he delivers the list of the crew1 approved and certified1 to the master or proper officer of the vessel to which the same belongs1 shall cause the same to be recorded in a book by him for that purpose to be provided1 and the record shall be open for the inspection of all persons1 and a certified copy thereof shall be admitted in evidence in any court in which any question may arise under any of the provisions of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac4 7,r4 ,s41 #degd47 ,failure to produce crew4 ,the master of every vessel bound on a foreign voyage or engaged in the whale fishery shall exhibit the certified copy of the list of the crew to the first boarding officer at the first port in the ,united ,states at which he shall arrive on his return1 and also produce the persons named therein to the boarding officer1 whose duty it shall be to examine the men with such list and to report the same to the collector2 and it shall be the duty of the collector at the port of arrival1 where the same is different from the port from which the vessel originally sailed1 to transmit a copy of the list so reported to him to the collector of the port from which such vessel originally sailed4 ,for each failure to produce any person on the certified copy of the list of the crew the master and owner shall be severally liable to a penalty of four hundred dollars1 to be sued for1 prosecuted1 and disposed of in such manner as penalties and forfeitures which may be incurred for offenses against the laws relating to the collection of duties2 but such penalties shall not be incurred on account of the master not producing to the first boarding officer any of the persons contained in the list who may have been discharged in a foreign country with the consent of the consul1 vice-consul1 commercial agent1 or vice-commercial agent there residing1 certified in writing1 under the hand and official seal1 to be produced to the collector with the other persons composing the crew1 nor on account of any such person dying or absconding or being forcibly impressed into other service of which satisfactory proof shall also be exhibited to the collector4 7,r4 ,s41 #degf2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahig2 sec4 #c47 ,papers relating to crew4 ,the following rules shall be observed with reference to vessels bound on any foreign voyage3 ,first4 ,the duplicate list of the ship's company1 required to be made out by the master and delivered to the collector of the customs1 under section forty-five hundred and seventy-three1 shall be a fair copy in one uniform handwriting1 without erasure or interlineation4 ,second4 ,it shall be the duty of the owners of every such vessel to obtain from the collector of the customs of the district from which the clearance is made1 a true and certified copy of the shipping-articles1 containing the names of the crew1 which shall be written in a uniform hand1 without erasures or interlineations4 ,third4 ,these documents1 which shall be deemed to contain all the conditions of contract with the crew as to their service1 pay1 voyage1 and all other things1 shall be produced by the master1 and laid before any consul1 or other commercial agent of the ,united ,states1 whenever he may deem their contents necessary to enable him to discharge the duties imposed upon him by law toward any mariner applying to him for his aid or assistance4 ,fourth4 ,all interlineations1 erasures1 or writing in a hand different from that in which such duplicates were originally made1 shall be deemed fraudulent alterations1 working no change in such papers1 unless satisfactorily explained in a manner consistent with innocent purposes and the provisions of law which guard the rights of mariners4 ,fifth4 ,if any master of a vessel shall proceed on a foreign voyage without the documents herein required1 or refuse to produce them when required1 or to perform the duties imposed by this section1 or shall violate the provisions thereof1 he shall be liable to each and every individual injured thereby in damages1 to be recovered in any court of the ,united ,states in the district where such delinquent may reside or be found1 and in addition thereto be punishable by a fine of one hundred dollars for each offense4 ,sixth4 ,it shall be the duty of the boarding-officer to report all violations of this section to the collector of the port where any vessel may arrive1 and the collector shall report the same to the ,secretary of ,commerce and to the ,united ,states attorney in his district4 7,r4 ,s41 #dege2 ,feb4 #ad4 #aijc2 sec4 #aj47 ,shipment of seamen in the coasting or near-by foreign trade4 ,none of the provisions of an act entitled ,an act to authorize the appointment of shipping commissioners by the several circuit courts of the ,united ,states to superintend the shipping and discharge of seamen engaged in merchant ships belonging to the ,united ,states1 and for the further protection of seamen shall apply to sail or steam vessels engaged in the coastwise trade1 7except the coastwise trade between the ,atlantic and ,pacific coasts17 or in the lake-going trade touching at foreign ports or otherwise1 or in the trade between the ,united ,states and the ,british ,north ,american possessions1 or in any case where the seamen are by custom or agreement entitled to participate in the profits or result of a cruise1 or voyage4 7,june #i1 #ahgd2 ,june #ai1 #ahhf2 ,feb4 #ah1 #ahie47 ,shipping commissioners may ship and discharge crews for any vessel engaged in the coastwise trade1 or the trade between the ,united ,states and the ,dominion of ,canada1 or ,newfoundland1 or the ,west ,indies1 or the ,republic of ,mexico1 at the request of the master or owner of such vessel1 the shipping and discharging fees in such cases to be one-half that prescribed by section forty-six hundred and twelve of the ,revised ,statutes1 for the purpose of determining the compensation of shipping commissioners4 7,june #ai1 #ahhf2 sec4 #b47 ,when a crew is shipped by a shipping commissioner for any ,american vessel in the coastwise trade1 or the trade between the ,united ,states and the ,dominion of ,canada1 or ,new ,foundland1 or the ,west ,indies1 or ,mexico1 as authorized by section two of an ,act approved ,june nineteenth1 eighteen hundred and eighty-six1 entitled ,an ,act to abolish certain fees for official services to ,american vessels1 and to amend the laws relating to shipping commissioners1 seamen1 and owners of vessels1 and for other purposes1 an agreement shall be made with each seaman engaged as one of such crew in the same manner as is provided by ,sections four thousand five hundred and eleven and four thousand five hundred and twelve of the ,revised ,statutes1 not however including the sixth and eighth items of ,section four thousand five hundred and eleven2 and such agreement shall be posted as provided in ,section four thousand five hundred and nineteen1 and such seamen shall be discharged and receive their wages as provided by the first clause of ,section four thousand five hundred and twenty-nine and also by ,sections four thousand five hundred and twenty-six1 four thousand five hundred and twenty-seven1 four thousand five hundred and twenty-eight1 four thousand five hundred and thirty1 four thousand five hundred and thirty-five1 four thousand fine hundred and thirty-six1 four thousand five hundred and forty-two1 four thousand five hundred and forty-three1 four thousand five hundred and forty-four1 four thousand five hundred and forty-five1 four thousand five hundred and forty-six1 four thousand five hundred and forty-seven1 four thousand five hundred and forty-nine1 four thousand five hundred and fifty1 four thousand five hundred and fifty-one1 four thousand five hundred and fifty-two1 four thousand five hundred and fifty-three1 four thousand five hundred and fifty-four and four thousand six hundred and two of the ,revised ,statutes2 but in all other respects such shipments of seamen and such shipping agreement shall be regarded as if both shipment and agreement had been entered into between the master of a vessel and a seaman without going before a shipping commissioner4 7,feb4 #ah1ahie2 ,mar4 #c1ahig2 sec4 #h2 ,dec4 #ba1ahih2 sec4 #be2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahig2 sec4 #h47 ,agreement in coasting trade not before commissioner4 ,every master of any vessel of the burden of fifty tons or upward1 bound from a port in one ,state to a port in any other than an adjoining ,state1 except vessels of the burden of seventy-five tons or upward1 bound from a port on the ,atlantic to a port on the ,pacific1 or vice versa1 shall1 before he proceeds on such voyage1 make an agreement in writing or in print1 with every seaman on board such vessel except such as shall be apprentice or servant to himself or owners1 declaring the voyage or term of time for which such seaman shall be shipped4 7,r4 ,s41 #debj47 ,if any master of such vessel of the burden of fifty tons or upward shall carry out any seaman or mariner1 except apprentices or servants1 without such contract or agreement being first made and signed by the seamen1 such master shall pay to every such seaman the highest price or wages which shall have been given at the port or place where such seaman was shipped1 for a similar voyage1 within three months next before the time of such shipping1 if such seaman shall perform such voyage2 or if not1 then for such time as he shall continue to do duty on board such vessel2 and shall moreover be liable to a penalty of twenty dollars for every such seaman1 recoverable1 one-half to the use of the person prosecuting for the same1 and the other half to the use of the ,united ,states4 ,any seaman who has not signed such a contract shall not be bound by the regulations nor subject to the penalties and forfeitures contained in this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac4 7,r4 ,s41 #deba47 ,at the foot of every such contract to ship upon such a vessel of the burden of fifty tons or upward there shall be a memorandum in writing of the day and the hour when such seamen who shipped and subscribed shall render himself on board to begin the voyage agreed upon4 ,if any seaman shall neglect to render himself on board the vessel for which he has shipped at the time mentioned in such memorandum without giving twenty-four hours' notice of his inability to do so1 and if the master of the vessel shall1 on the day in which such neglect happened1 make an entry in the log book of such vessel of the name of such seaman1 and shall in like manner note the time that he so neglected to render himself after the time appointed1 then every such seaman shall forfeit for every hour which he shall so neglect to render himself one-half of one day's pay1 according to the rate of wages agreed upon1 to be deducted out of the wages4 ,if any such seaman shall wholly neglect to render himself on board of such vessel1 or having rendered himself on board shall afterwards desert1 he shall forfeit all of his wages or emoluments which he has then earned4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts1 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf4 7,r4 ,s41 #debb2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #b47 ,discharge in foreign trade4 ,all seamen discharged in the ,united ,states from merchant vessels engaged in voyages from a port in the ,united ,states to any foreign port1 or1 being of the burden of seventy-five tons or upward1 from a port on the ,atlantic to a port on the ,pacific1 or vice versa1 shall be discharged and receive their wages in the presence of a duly authorized shipping-commissioner under this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 except in cases where some competent court otherwise directs2 and any master or owner of any such vessel who discharges any such seaman belonging thereto1 or pays his wages within the ,united ,states in any other manner1 shall be liable to a penalty of not more than fifty dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #dedi47 ,every master shall1 not less than forty-eight hours before paying off or discharging any seaman1 deliver to him1 or1 if he is to be discharged before a shipping-commissioner1 to such shipping-commissioner1 a full and true account of his wages1 and all deductions to be made therefrom on any account whatsoever2 and in default shall1 for each offense1 be liable to a penalty of not more than fifty dollars4 ,no deduction from the wages of any seaman except in respect of some matter happening after such delivery shall be allowed1 unless it is included in the account delivered2 and the master shall1 during the voyage1 enter the various matters in respect to which such deductions are made1 with the amounts of the respective deductions as they occur1 in the official log-book1 and shall1 if required1 produce such book at the time of the payment of wages1 and1 also1 upon the hearing1 before any competent authority1 of any complaint or question relating to such payment4 7,r4 ,s41 #deej47 ,upon the discharge of any seaman1 or upon payment of his wages1 the master shall sign and give him a certificate of discharge1 specifying the period of his service and the time and place of his discharge1 in the form marked ,table ,b in the schedule annexed to this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac2 and every master who fails to sign and give to such seaman such certificate and discharge1 shall1 for each such offense1 incur a penalty not exceeding fifty dollars4 ,but whenever the master shall discharge his crew or any part thereof in any collection-district where no shipping-commissioner has been appointed1 he may perform for himself the duties of such commissioner4 7,r4 ,s41 #deea47 ,discharge in foreign ports4 ,upon the application of the master of any vessel to a consular officer to discharge a seaman1 or upon the application of any seaman for his own discharge1 if it appears to such officer that said seaman has completed his shipping agreement1 or is entitled to his discharge under any act of ,congress or according to the general principles or usages of maritime law as recognized in the ,united ,states1 such officer shall discharge said seaman1 and require from the master of said vessel1 before such discharge shall be made1 payment of the wages which may then be due said seaman2 but no payment of extra wages shall be required by any consular officer upon such discharge of any seaman except as provided in this act4 7,r4 ,s41 #dehj2 ,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #b47 ,if any consular officer1 when discharging any seaman1 shall neglect to require the payment of and collect the arrears of wages and extra wages required to be paid in the case of the discharge of any seaman1 he shall be accountable to the ,united ,states for the full amount thereof4 ,the master shall provide any seaman so discharged with employment on a vessel agreed to by the seaman1 or shall provide him with one month's extra wages1 if it shall be shown to the satisfaction of the consul that such seaman was not discharged for neglect of duty1 incompetency1 or injury incurred on the vessel4 ,if the seaman is discharged by voluntary consent before the consul1 he shall be entitled to his wages up to the time of his discharge1 but not for any further period4 ,if the seaman is discharged on account of injury or illness1 incapacitating him for service1 the expenses of his maintenance and return to the ,united ,states shall be paid from the fund for the maintenance and transportation of destitute ,american seamen3 ,provided1 ,that at the discretion of the ,secretary of ,commerce1 and under such regulations as he may prescribe1 if any seaman incapacitated from service by injury or illness is on board a vessel so situated that a prompt discharge requiring the personal appearance of the master of the vessel before an ,american consul or consular agent is impracticable1 such seaman may be sent to a consul or consular agent1 who shall care for him and defray the cost of his maintenance and transportation1 as provided in this paragraph4 7,r4 ,s41 #deha2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #af2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #ai47 7,effective beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae47 ,whenever a vessel of the ,united ,states is sold in a foreign country and her company discharged1 it shall be the duty of the master to produce to the consular officer a certified list of the ship's company1 and also the shipping articles1 and besides paying to each seaman or apprentice the wages due him1 he shall either provide him with adequate employment on board some other vessel bound to the port at which he was originally shipped1 or to such other port as may be agreed upon by him1 or furnish the means of sending him to such port1 or provide him with a passage home1 or deposit with the consular officer such a sum of money as is by the officer deemed sufficient to defray the expenses of his maintenance and passage home2 and the consular officer shall indorse upon the agreement with the crew of the ship which the seaman or apprentice is leaving the particulars of any payment1 provision1 or deposit made under this section4 ,a failure to comply with the provisions of this section shall render the owner liable to a fine of not exceeding fifty dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #dehb1 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #ag47 ,whenever on the discharge of a seaman in a foreign country by a consular officer on his complaint that the voyage is continued contrary to agreement1 or that the vessel is badly provisioned or unseaworthy1 or against the officers for cruel treatment1 it shall be the duty of the consul or consular agent to institute a proper inquiry into the matter1 and1 upon his being satisfied of the truth and justice of such complaint1 he shall require the master to pay to such seaman one month's wages over and above the wages due at the time of discharge1 and to provide him with adequate employment on board some other vessel1 or provide him with a passage on board some other vessel bound to the port from which he was originally shipped1 or to the most convenient port of entry in the ,united ,states1 or to a port agreed to by the seaman4 7,r4 ,s41 #dehc2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #ah47 ,wages4 ,no seaman shall1 by any agreement other than is provided by this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 forfeit his lien upon the ship1 or be deprived of any remedy for the recovery of his wages to which he would otherwise have been entitled2 and every stipulation in any agreement inconsistent with any provision of this ,title1 and every stipulation by which any seaman consents to abandon his right to his wages in the case of the loss of the ship1 or to abandon any right which he may have or obtain in the nature of salvage1 shall be wholly inoperative4 7,r4 ,s41 #dece47 ,the following rules shall be observed with respect to the settlement of wages3 ,first4 ,upon the completion1 before a shipping-commissioner1 of any discharge and settlement1 the master or owner and each seaman1 respectively1 in the presence of the shipping-commissioner1 shall sign a mutual release of all claims for wages in respect of the past voyage or engagement1 and the shipping-commissioner shall also sign and attest it1 and shall retain it in a book to be kept for that purpose1 provided both the master and seaman assent to such settlement1 or the settlement has been adjusted by the shipping-commissioner4 ,second4 ,such release1 so signed and attested1 shall operate as a mutual discharge and settlement of all demands for wages between the parties thereto1 on account of wages1 in respect to the past voyage or engagement4 ,third4 ,a copy of such release1 certified under the hand and seal of such shipping-commissioner to be a true copy1 shall be given by him to any party thereto requiring the same1 and such copy shall be receivable in evidence upon any future question touching such claims1 and shall have all the effect of the original of which it purports to be a copy4 ,fourth4 ,in cases in which discharge and settlement before a shipping-commissioner are required1 no payment1 receipt1 settlement1 or discharge otherwise made shall operate as evidence of the release or satisfaction of any claim4 ,fifth4 ,upon payment being made by a master before a shipping-commissioner1 the shipping-commissioner shall1 if required1 sign and give to such master a statement of the whole amount so paid2 and such statement shall1 between the master and his employer1 be received as evidence that he has made the payments therein mentioned4 7,r4 ,s41 #deeb47 ,upon every discharge effected before a shipping-commissioner1 the master shall make and sign1 in the form given in the table marked ,b1 in the schedule annexed to this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 a report of the conduct1 character1 and qualifications of the persons discharged2 or may state in such form1 that he declines to give any opinion upon such particulars1 or upon any of them2 and the commissioner shall keep a register of the same1 and shall1 if desired so to do by any seaman1 give to him or indorse on his certificate of discharge a copy of so much of such report as concerns him4 7,r4 ,s41 #deec47 ,a seaman's right to wages and provisions shall be taken to commence either at the time at which he commences work1 or at the time specified in the agreement for his commencement of work or presence on board1 whichever first happens4 7,r4 ,s41 #debd47 ,no right to wages shall be dependent on the earning of freight by the vessel2 but every seaman or apprentice who would be entitled to demand and receive any wages if the vessel on which he has served had earned freight1 shall1 subject to all other rules of law and conditions applicable to the case1 be entitled to claim and recover the same of the master or owner in personam1 notwithstanding that freight has not been earned4 ,but in all cases of wreck or loss of vessel1 proof that any seaman or apprentice has not exerted himself to the utmost to save the vessel1 cargo1 and stores1 shall bar his claim4 7,r4 ,s41 #debe47 ,in cases where the service of any seaman terminates before the period contemplated in the agreement1 by reason of the loss or wreck of the vessel1 such seaman shall be entitled to wages for the time of service prior to such termination1 but not for any further period4 ,such seaman shall be considered as a destitute seaman and shall be treated and transported to port of shipment as provided in sections forty-five hundred and seventy-seven1 forty-five hundred and seventy-eight1 and forty-five hundred and seventy-nine of the ,revised ,statutes of the ,united ,states4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts--,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf4 7,r4 ,s41 #debf2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #c47 ,any seaman who has signed an agreement and is afterward discharged before the commencement of the voyage or before one month's wages are earned1 without fault on his part justifying such discharge1 and without his consent1 shall be entitled to receive from the master or owner1 in addition to any wages he may have earned1 a sum equal in amount to one month's wages as compensation1 and may1 on adducing evidence satisfactory to the court hearing the case1 of having been improperly discharged1 recover such compensation as if it were wages duly earned4 7,r4 ,s41 #debg47 ,no seaman or apprentice shall be entitled to wages for any period during which he unlawfully refuses or neglects to work when required1 after the time fixed by the agreement for him to begin work1 nor1 unless the court hearing the case otherwise directs1 for any period during which he is lawfully imprisoned for any offense committed by him4 7,r4 ,s41 #debh47 ,the master or owner or any vessel making coasting voyages shall pay to every seaman his wages within two days after the termination of the agreement under which he was shipped1 or at the time such seaman is discharged1 whichever first happens2 and in case of vessels making foreign voyages1 or from a port on the ,atlantic to a port on the ,pacific1 or vice versa1 within twenty-four hours after the cargo has been discharged1 or within four days after the seaman has been discharged1 whichever first happens2 and in all cases the seaman shall be entitled to be paid at the time of his discharge on account of wages a sum equal to one-third part of the balance due him4 ,every master or owner who refuses or neglects to make payment in the manner hereinbefore mentioned without sufficient cause shall pay to the seaman a sum equal to two days' pay for each and every day during which payment is delayed beyond the respective periods1 which sum shall be recoverable as wages in any claim made before the court2 but this section shall not apply to masters or owners of any vessel the seamen of which are entitled to share in the profits of the cruise or voyage4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts--,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf--;but this section shall apply to all vessels engaged in the taking of oysters--,june #bh1 #aijf1 sec4 #d4 7,r4 ,s4 #debi2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #d2 ,june #bh1 #aijf2 sec4 #d4 ,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #c47 7,effective beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae47 ,every seaman on a vessel of the ,united ,states shall be entitled to receive on demand from the master of the vessel to which he belongs one-half part of the wages which he shall have then earned at every port where such vessel1 after the voyage has been commenced1 shall load or deliver cargo before the voyage is ended and all stipulations in the contract to the contrary shall be void3 ,provided1 ,such a demand shall not be made before the expiration of1 nor oftener than once in five days4 ,any failure on the part of the master to comply with this demand shall release the seaman from his contract and he shall be entitled to full payment of wages earned4 ,and when the voyage is ended every such seaman shall be entitled to the remainder of the wages which shall then be due him1 as provided in section forty-five hundred and twenty-nine of the ,revised ,statutes3 ,provided further1 ,that notwithstanding any release signed by any seaman under section forty-five hundred and fifty-two of the ,revised ,statutes any court having jurisdiction may upon good cause shown set aside such release and take such action as justice shall require3 ,and provided further1 ,that this section shall apply to seamen on foreign vessels while in harbors of the ,united ,states1 and the courts of the ,united ,states shall be open to such seamen for its enforcement4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts--,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf4 7,r4 ,s41 #decj2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #e2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiae1 sec4 #d47 7,effective on ,american vessels beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae2 on vessels of foreign nations not covered by treaties ,mar4 #d1 #aiaf2 on vessels of other foreign nations after termination of treaties47 ,whenever the wages of any seaman are not paid within ten days after the time when the same ought to be paid according to the provisions of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 or any dispute arises between the master and seamen touching wages1 the district judge for the judicial district where the vessel is1 or in case his residence be more than three miles from the place1 or he be absent from the place of his residence1 then1 any judge or justice of the peace1 or any commissioner of a district court1 may summon the master of such vessel to appear before him1 to show cause why process should not issue against such vessel1 her tackle1 apparel1 and furniture1 according to the course of admiralty courts1 to answer for the wages4 7,r4 ,s41 #dedf2 ,may #bh1 #ahif47 ,if the master against whom such summons is issued neglects to appear1 or1 appearing1 does not show that the wages are paid or otherwise satisfied or forfeited1 and if the matter in dispute is not forthwith settled1 the judge or justice or commissioner shall certify to the clerk of the district court that there is sufficient cause of complaint whereon to found admiralty process2 and thereupon the clerk of such court shall issue process against the vessel4 ,in all cases where the matter in demand does not exceed one hundred dollars the return day of the monition or citation shall be the first day of a stated or special session of court next succeeding the third day after the service of the monition or citation1 and on the return of process in open court1 duly served1 either party may proceed therein to proofs and hearing without other notice1 and final judgment shall be given according to the usual course of admiralty courts in such cases4 ,in such suits all the seamen having cause of complaint of the like kind against the same vessel may be joined as complainants1 and it shall be incumbent on the master to produce the contract and log book1 if required to ascertain any matter in dispute2 otherwise the complainants shall be permitted to state the contents thereof1 and the burden of proof of the contrary shall be on the master4 ,but nothing herein contained shall prevent any seaman from maintaining any action at common law for the recovery of his wages1 or having immediate process out of any court having admiralty jurisdiction wherever any vessel may be found1 in case she shall have left the port of delivery where her voyage ended before payment of the wages1 or in case she shall be about to proceed to sea before the end of the ten days next after the day when such wages are due1 in accordance with section forty-five hundred and twenty-nine of the ,revised ,statutes4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts--,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf--;but this section shall apply to all vessels engaged in the taking of oysters--,june #bh1 #aijf1 sec4 #d4 7,r4 ,s41 #dedg2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #f2 ,june #bh1 #aijf2 sec4 #d47 ,moneys paid under the laws of the ,united ,states1 by direction of consular officers or agents1 at any foreign port or place1 as wages1 extra or otherwise1 due ,american seamen1 shall be paid in gold or its equivalent1 without any deduction whatever any contract to the contrary notwithstanding4 7,r4 ,s41 #dedh47 ,any question concerning the forfeiture of1 or deductions from1 the wages of any seaman or apprentice1 may be determined in any proceeding lawfully instituted with respect to such wages1 notwithstanding the offense in respect of which such question arises1 though hereby made punishable by imprisonment as well as forfeiture1 has not been made the subject of any criminal proceeding4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfjc47 ,whenever in any proceeding relating to seamen's wages it is shown that any seaman or apprentice has1 in the course of the voyage1 been convicted of any offense by any competent tribunal1 and rightfully punished therefor1 by imprisonment or otherwise1 the court hearing the case may direct a part of the wages due to such seaman not exceeding fifteen dollars1 to be applied in reimbursing any costs properly incurred by the master in procuring such conviction and punishment4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfje47 ,advances and allotments of wages4 7a7 ,it shall be1 and is hereby1 made unlawful in any case to pay any seaman wages in advance of the time when he has actually earned the same1 or to pay such advance wages1 or to make any order1 or note1 or other evidence of indebtedness therefor to any other person1 or to pay any person1 for the shipment of seamen when payment is deducted or to be deducted from a seaman's wages4 ,any person violating any of the foregoing provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 and upon conviction shall be punished by a fine of not less than #be nor more than #ajj1 and may also be imprisoned for a period of not exceeding six months1 at the discretion of the court4 ,the payment of such advance wages or allotment shall in no case except as herein provided absolve the vessel or the master or the owner thereof from the full payment of wages after the same shall have been actually earned1 and shall be no defense to a libel suit or action of the recovery of such wages4 ,if any person shall demand or receive1 either directly or indirectly1 from any seaman or other person seeking employment1 as seaman1 or from any person on his behalf1 any remuneration whatever for providing him with employment1 he shall for every such offense be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be imprisoned not more than six months or fined not more than #ejj4 7b7 ,it shall be lawful for any seaman to stipulate in his shipping agreement for an allotment of any portion of the wages he may earn to his grandparents1 parents1 wife1 sister1 or children4 7c7 ,no allotment shall be valid unless in writing and signed by and approved by the shipping-commissioner4 ,it shall be the duty of the said commissioner to examine such allotments and the parties to them and enforce compliance with the law4 ,all stipulations for the allotment of any part of the wages of a seaman during his absence which are made at the commencement of the voyage shall be inserted in the agreement and shall state the amounts and times of the payments to be made and the persons to whom the payments are to be made4 7d7 ,no allotment except as provided for in this section shall be lawful4 ,any person who shall falsely claim to be such relation1 as above described1 of a seaman under this section shall for every such offense be punished by a fine not exceeding #ejj or imprisonment not exceeding six months1 at the discretion of the court4 7e7 ,this section shall apply as well to foreign vessels while in waters of the ,united ,states1 as to vessels of the ,united ,states1 and any master1 owner1 consignee1 or agent of any foreign vessel who has violated its provisions shall be liable to the same penalty that the master1 owner1 or agent of a vessel of the ,united ,states would be for similar violation4 ,the master1 owner1 consignee1 or agent of any vessel of the ,united ,states1 or of any foreign vessel seeking clearance from a port of the ,united ,states1 shall present his shipping articles at the office of clearance1 and no clearance shall be granted any such vessel unless the provisions of this section have been complied with4 7f7 ,under the direction of the ,secretary of ,commerce the ,commissioner of ,navigation shall make regulations to carry out this section4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts--,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf--;but this section shall apply to all vessels engaged in the taking of oysters--,june #bh1 #aijf1 sec4 #d4 7,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #bd2 ,apr4 #bf1 #aijd2 ,june #bh1 #aijf2 sec4 #d2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #aa47 7,effective on ,american vessels beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae2 on vessels of foreign nations not covered by treaties ,mar4 #d1 #aiaf2 on vessels of other foreign nations after termination of treaties47 ,wages and clothing exempt from attachment4 ,no wages due or accruing to any seaman or apprentice shall be subject to attachment or arrestment from any court1 and every payment of wages to a seaman or apprentice shall be valid in law1 notwithstanding any previous sale or assignment of wages or of any attachment1 encumbrance1 or arrestment thereon2 and no assignment or sale of wages or of salvage made prior to the accruing thereof shall bind the party making the same1 except such allotments as are authorized by this title4 ,this section shall apply to fishermen employed on fishing vessels as well as to seamen3 ,provided1 ,that nothing contained in this or any preceding section shall interfere with the order by any court regarding the payment by any seaman of any part of his wages for the support and maintenance of his wife and minor children4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #ab47 7,effective beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae47 ,the clothing of any seaman shall be exempt from attachment1 and any person who shall detain such clothing when demanded by the owner shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 and shall be imprisoned not more than six months or fined not more than five hundred dollars1 or both4 7,feb4 #ah1 #ahie2 ,apr4 #aa1 #aijd47 ,no sum exceeding one dollar shall be recoverable from any seaman1 by any one person1 for any debt contracted during the time such seaman shall actually belong to any vessel1 until the voyage for which such seaman engaged shall be ended4 7,r4 ,s41 #decg47 ,desertion of seamen abroad4 ,it shall be the duty of all consular officers to discountenance insubordination by every means in their power and1 where the local authorities can be usefully employed for that purpose1 to lend their aid and use their exertions to that end in the most effectual manner4 ,in all cases where seamen or officers are accused1 the consular officer shall inquire into the facts and proceed as provided in section forty-five hundred and eighty-three of the ,revised ,statutes2 and the officer discharging such seaman shall enter upon the crew list and shipping articles and official log the cause of such discharge and the particulars in which the cruel or unusual treatment consisted and subscribe his name thereto officially4 ,he shall read the entry made in the official log to the master1 and his reply thereto1 if any1 shall likewise be entered and subscribed in the same manner4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfjj2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #ba2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #h47 7,effective beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae47 ,desertion of foreign seamen in the ,united ,states4 ,on application of a consul or vice-consul of any foreign government having a treaty with the ,united ,states stipulating for the restoration of seamen deserting1 made in writing1 stating that the person therein named has deserted from a vessel of any such government1 while in any port of the ,united ,states1 and on proof by the exhibition of the register of the vessel1 ship's roll1 or other official document1 that the person named belonged1 at the time of desertion1 to the crew of such vessel1 it shall be the duty of any court1 judge1 commissioner of any circuit court1 justice1 or other magistrate1 having competent power1 to issue warrants to cause such person to be arrested for examination4 ,if1 on examination1 the facts stated are found to be true1 the person arrested not being a citizen of the ,united ,states1 shall be delivered up to the consul or vice-consul1 to be sent back to the dominions of any such government1 or1 on the request and at the expense of the consul or vice-consul1 shall be detained until the consul or vice-consul finds an opportunity to send him back to the dominions of any such government4 ,no person so arrested shall be detained more than two months after his arrest2 but at the end of that time shall be set at liberty1 and shall not be again molested for the same cause4 ,if any such deserter shall be found to have committed any crime or offense1 his surrender may be delayed until the tribunal before which the case shall be depending1 or may be cognizable1 shall have pronounced its sentence1 and such sentence shall have been carried into effect4 7,r4 ,s41 #ebhj47 ,repeal of treaties and conventions4 ,in the judgment of ,congress articles in treaties and conventions of the ,united ,states1 in so far as they provide for the arrest and imprisonment of officers and seamen deserting or charged with desertion from merchant vessels of the ,united ,states in foreign countries1 and for the arrest and imprisonment of officers and seamen deserting or charged with desertion from merchant vessels of foreign nations in the ,united ,states and the ,territories and possessions thereof1 and for the cooperation1 aid1 and protection of competent legal authorities in effecting such arrest or imprisonment and any other treaty provision in conflict with the provisions of this ,act1 ought to be terminated1 and to this end the ,president be1 and he is hereby1 requested and directed1 within ninety days after the passage of this ,act1 to give notice to the several ,governments1 respectively1 that so much as hereinbefore described of all such treaties and conventions between the ,united ,states and foreign ,governments will terminate on the expiration of such periods after notices have been given as may be required in such treaties and conventions4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #af47 ,upon the expiration after notice of the periods required1 respectively1 by said treaties and conventions and of one year in the case of the independent ,state of the ,kongo1 so much as hereinbefore described in each and every one of said articles shall be deemed and held to have expired and to be of no force and effect1 and thereupon section fifty-two hundred and eighty and so much of section four thousand and eighty-one of the ,revised ,statutes as relates to the arrest or imprisonment of officers and seamen deserting or charged with desertion from merchant vessels of foreign nations in the ,united ,states and ,territories and possessions thereof1 and for the cooperation1 aid1 and protection of competent legal authorities in effecting such arrest or imprisonment1 shall be1 and is hereby1 repealed4 7,sec4 #ag47 ,arbitration before shipping commissioner4 ,every shipping-commissioner shall hear and decide any question whatsoever between a master1 consignee1 agent1 or owner1 and any of his crew1 which both parties agree in writing to submit to him2 and every award so made by him shall be binding on both parties1 and shall1 in any legal proceedings which may be taken in the matter1 before any court of justice1 be deemed to be conclusive as to the rights of parties4 ,and any document under the hand and official seal of a commissioner purporting to be such submission or award1 shall be prima-facie evidence thereof4 7,r4 ,s41 #deed2 ,aug4 #ai1 #ahij47 ,in any proceeding relating to the wages1 claims1 or discharge of a seaman1 carried on before any shipping-commissioner1 under the provisions of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 such shipping-commissioner may call upon the owner1 or his agent1 or upon the master1 or any mate1 or any other member of the crew1 to produce any log-books1 papers1 or other documents in their possession or power1 respectively1 relating to any matter in question in such proceedings1 and may call before him and examine any of such persons1 being then at or near the place1 on any such matter2 and every owner1 agent1 master1 mate1 or other member of the crew who1 when called upon by the shipping-commissioner1 does not produce any such books1 papers1 or documents1 if in his possession or power1 or does not appear and give evidence1 shall1 unless he shows some reasonable cause for such a default1 be liable to a penalty of not more than one hundred dollars for each offense2 and1 on application made by the shipping-commissioner1 shall be further punished1 in the discretion of the court1 as in other cases of contempt of the process of the court4 7,r4 ,s41 #deee47 ,soliciting lodgers4 ,if1 within twenty-four hours after the arrival of any vessel at any port in the ,united ,states1 any person1 then being on board such vessel1 solicits any seaman to become a lodger at the house of any person letting lodgings for hire1 or takes out of such vessel any effects of any seaman1 except under his personal direction1 and with the permission of the master1 he shall1 for every such offense1 be punishable by a fine of not more than fifty dollars1 or by imprisonment for not more than three months4 ,this section shall apply to vessels of the ,united ,states engaged in the foreign trade and to foreign vessels4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfjg2 ,apr4 #ac1 #aijd47 ,return of seamen from foreign ports1 ,alaska1 and insular ports4 ,it shall be the duty of the consuls1 vice-consuls1 commercial agents1 and vice-commercial agents1 from time to time1 to provide for the seamen of the ,united ,states1 who may be found destitute within their districts1 respectively1 sufficient subsistence and passages to some port in the ,united ,states1 in the most reasonable manner1 at the expense of the ,united ,states1 subject to such instructions as the ,secretary of ,state shall give4 ,the seamen shall1 if able1 be bound to do duty on board the vessels in which they may be transported1 according to their several abilities4 7,r4 ,s41 #degg47 ,relief and protection of ,american seamen in foreign countries1 and shipwrecked ,american seamen in the ,territory of ,alaska1 in the ,hawaiian ,islands1 ,porto ,rico1 the ,panama ,canal ,zone1 and the ,philippine ,islands1 #bj1jjj4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiae47 ,all masters of vessels of the ,united ,states1 and bound to some port of the same1 are required to take such destitute seamen on board their vessels1 at the request of consular officers1 and to transport them to the port in the ,united ,states to which such vessel may be bound1 on such terms1 not exceeding ten dollars for each person for voyages of not more than thirty days1 and not exceeding twenty dollars for each person for longer voyages1 as may be agreed between the master and the consular officer1 when the transportation is by a sailing vessel2 and the regular steerage passenger rate not to exceed two cents per mile when the transportation is by steamer2 and said consular officer shall issue certificates for such transportation1 which certificates shall be assignable for collection4 ,if any such destitute seaman is so disabled or ill as to be unable to perform duty1 the consular officer shall so certify in the certificate of transportation1 and such additional compensation shall be paid as the ,comptroller of the ,treasury shall deem proper4 ,every such master who refuses to receive and transport such seamen on the request or order of such consular officer shall be liable to the ,united ,states in a penalty of one hundred dollars for each seaman so refused4 ,the certificate of any such consular officer1 given under his hand and official seal1 shall be presumptive evidence of such refusal in any court of law having jurisdiction for the recovery of the penalty4 ,no master of any vessel shall1 however1 be obliged to take a greater number than one man to every one hundred tons burden of the vessel on any one voyage1 or to take any seaman having a contagious disease4 7,r4 ,s41 #degh2 ,june #bf1 #ahhd2 sec4 #i2 ,june #ai1 #ahhf2 sec4 #ah47 ,whenever distressed seamen of the ,united ,states are transported from foreign ports where there is no consular officer of the ,united ,states1 to ports of the ,united ,states1 there shall be allowed to the master or owner of each vessel1 in which they are transported1 such reasonable compensation1 in addition to the allowance now fixed by law1 as shall be deemed equitable by the ,comptroller of the ,treasury4 7,r4 ,s41 #degi47 ,effects of deceased seamen4 ,whenever any seaman or apprentice belonging to or sent home on any merchant vessel1 whether a foreign-going or domestic vessel1 employed on a voyage which is to terminate in the ,united ,states1 dies during such voyage1 the master shall take charge of all moneys1 clothes1 and effects which he leaves on board1 and shall1 if he thinks fit1 cause all or any of such clothes and effects to be sold by auction at the mast or other public auction1 and shall thereupon sign an entry in the official log-book1 and cause it to be attested by the mate and one of the crew1 containing the following particulars3 ,first4 ,a statement of the amount of money so left by the deceased4 ,second4 ,in case of a sale1 a description of each article sold1 and the sum received for each4 ,third4 ,a statement of the sum due to deceased as wages1 and the total amount of deductions1 if any1 to be made therefrom4 7,r4 ,s41 #dech47 ,in cases embraced by the preceding section1 the following rules shall be observed3 ,first4 ,if the vessel proceeds at once to any port in the ,united ,states1 the master shall1 within forty-eight hours after his arrival1 deliver any such effects remaining unsold1 and pay any money which he has taken charge of1 or received from such sale1 and the balance of wages due to the deceased1 to the shipping-commissioner at the port of destination in the ,united ,states4 ,second4 ,if the vessel touches and remains at some foreign port before coming to any port in the ,united ,states1 the master shall report the case to the ,united ,states consular officer there1 and shall give to such officer any information he requires as to the destination of the vessel and probable length of the voyage2 and such officer may1 if he considers it expedient so to do1 require the effects1 money1 and wages to be delivered and paid to him1 and shall1 upon such delivery and payment1 give to the master a receipt2 and the master shall within forty-eight hours after his arrival at his port of destination in the ,united ,states produce the same to the shipping-commissioner there4 ,such consular officer shall1 in any such case1 indorse and certify upon the agreement with the crew the particulars with respect to such delivery and payment4 ,third4 ,if the consular officer does not require such payment and delivery to be made to him1 the master shall take charge of the effects1 money1 and wages1 and shall1 within forty-eight hours after his arrival at his port of destination in the ,united ,states1 deliver and pay the same to the shipping-commissioner there4 ,fourth4 ,the master shall1 in all cases in which any seaman or apprentice dies during the voyage or engagement1 give to such officer or shipping-commissioner an account1 in such form as they may respectively require1 of the effects1 money1 and wages so to be delivered and paid2 and no deductions claimed in such account shall be allowed unless verified by an entry in the official log-book1 if there be any2 and by such other vouchers1 if any1 as may be reasonably required by the officer or shipping-commissioner to whom the account is rendered4 ,fifth4 ,upon due compliance with such of the provisions of this section as relate to acts to be done at the port of destination in the ,united ,states1 the shipping-commissioner shall grant to the master a certificate to that effect4 ,no officer of customs shall clear any foreign-going vessel without the production of such certificate4 7,r4 ,s41 #deci47 ,whenever any master fails to take such charge of the money or other effects of a seaman or apprentice during a voyage1 or to make such entries in respect thereof1 or to procure such attestation to such entries1 or to make such payment or delivery of any money1 wages1 or effects of any seaman or apprentice dying during a voyage1 or to give such account in respect thereof as is above directed1 he shall be accountable for the money1 wages1 and effects of the seaman or apprentice to the district court in whose jurisdiction such port of destination is situate1 and shall pay and deliver the same accordingly2 and he shall1 in addition1 for every such offense1 be liable to a penalty of not more than treble the value of the money or effects1 or1 if such value is not ascertained1 not more than two hundred dollars2 and if any such money1 wages1 or effects are not duly paid1 delivered and accounted for by the master1 the owner of the vessel shall pay1 deliver1 and account for the same1 and such money and wages and the value of such effects shall be recoverable from him accordingly2 and if he fails to account for and pay the same1 he shall1 in addition to his liability for the money and value1 be liable to the same penalty which is incurred by the master for a like offense2 and all money1 wages1 and effects of any seaman or apprentice dying during a voyage shall be recoverable in the courts and by the modes of proceeding by which seaman are enabled to recover wages due to them4 7,r4 ,s41 #dedj47 ,whenever any such seaman or apprentice dies at any place out of the ,united ,states1 leaving any money or effects not on board of his vessel1 the consular officer of the ,united ,states at or nearest the place shall claim and take charge of such money and effects1 and shall1 if he thinks fit1 sell all or any of such effects1 or any effects of any deceased seaman or apprentice delivered to him under the provisions of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 and shall quarterly remit to the district court for the district embracing the port from which such vessel sailed1 or the port where the voyage terminates1 all moneys belonging to or arising from the sale of the effects or paid as the wages of any deceased seamen or apprentices which have come to his hands2 and shall render such accounts thereof as the circuit court requires4 7,r4 ,s41 #deda2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahig2 sec4 #d47 ,whenever any seaman or apprentice dies in the ,united ,states1 and is1 at the time of his death1 entitled to claim from the master or owner of any vessel in which he has served1 any unpaid wages or effects1 such master or owner shall pay and deliver1 or account for the same1 to the shipping-commissioner at the port where the seaman or apprentice was discharged1 or was to have been discharged1 or where he died4 7,r4 ,s41 #dedb2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahig2 sec4 #f47 ,every shipping-commissioner in the ,united ,states shall1 within one week from the date of receiving any such money1 wages1 or effects of any deceased seaman or apprentice1 pay1 remit1 or deliver to the district court of the district in which he resides1 the money1 wages1 or effects1 subject to such deductions as may be allowed by the district court for expenses incurred in respect to such money and effects2 and should any commissioner fail to pay1 remit1 and deliver the same to the district court1 within the time hereinbefore mentioned1 he shall incur a penalty of not more than treble the value of such money and effects4 7,r4 ,s41 #dedc47 ,if the money and effects of any seaman or apprentice paid1 remitted1 or delivered to the district court1 including the moneys received for any part of his effects which have been sold1 either before delivery to the district court1 or by its directions1 do not exceed in value the sum of three hundred dollars1 then1 subject to the provisions hereinafter contained1 and to all such deductions for expenses incurred in respect to the seaman or apprentice1 or of his money and effects1 as the said court thinks fit to allow1 the court may pay and deliver the said money and effects to any claimants who can prove themselves either to be his widow or children1 or to be entitled to the effects of the deceased under his will1 or under any statute1 or at common law1 or to be entitled to procure probate1 or take out letters of administration or confirmation1 although no probate or letters of administration or confirmation have been taken out1 and shall be thereby discharged from all further liability in respect of the money and effects so paid and delivered2 or may1 if he thinks fit so to do1 require probate1 or letters of administration or confirmation1 to be taken out1 and thereupon pay and deliver the said money and effects to the legal personal representatives of the deceased2 and if such money and effects exceed in value the sum of three hundred dollars1 then1 subject to deduction for expenses1 the court shall pay and deliver the same to the legal personal representatives of the deceased4 7,r4 ,s41 #dedd47 ,a district court1 in its discretion1 may at any time direct the sale of the whole or any part of the effects of a deceased seaman or apprentice1 which it has received or may hereafter receive1 and shall hold the proceeds of such sale as the wages of deceased seamen are held4 ,when no claim to the wages or effects or proceeds of the sale of the effects of a deceased seaman or apprentice1 received by a district court1 is substantiated within six years after the receipt thereof by the court1 it shall be in the absolute discretion of the court1 if any subsequent claim is made1 either to allow or refuse the same4 ,such courts shall1 from time to time1 pay any moneys arising from the unclaimed wages and effects of deceased seamen1 which in their opinion it is not necessary to retain for the purpose of satisfying claims1 into the ,treasury of the ,united ,states1 and such moneys shall form a fund for1 and be appropriated to1 the relief of sick and disabled and destitute seamen belonging to the ,united ,states merchant marine service4 7,r4 ,s41 #dede2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahig2 sec4 #g47 ,sick and disabled seamen4 ,the ,president is authorized to receive donations of real or personal property1 in the name of the ,united ,states1 for the erection or support of hospitals for sick and disabled seamen4 7,r4 ,s41 #dhja47 ,the term seaman1 wherever employed in legislation relating to the marine-hospital service1 shall be held to include any person employed on board in the care1 preservation1 or navigation of any vessel1 or in the service1 on board1 of those engaged in such care1 preservation1 or navigation4 7,mar4 #c1 #ahge2 sec4 #c47 ,no person employed in or connected with the navigation1 management1 or use of canal-boats engaged in the coasting-trade shall by reason thereof be entitled to any benefit or relief from the marine-hospital fund4 7,r4 ,s41 #dhjd47 ,sick and disabled seamen of foreign vessels and of vessels not subject to hospital-dues may be cared for by the marine-hospital service at such rates and under such regulations as the ,secretary of the ,treasury may prescribe4 7,mar4 #c1 #ahge2 sec4 #f47 ,sick foreign seamen may be admitted to the marine hospitals within the ,united ,states1 if it can with convenience be done1 on the application of the master of any foreign vessel to which any such seaman may belong4 ,each seaman so admitted shall be subject to a charge of seventy-five cents per day for each day he may remain in the hospital1 which shall be paid by the master of such foreign vessel to the collector of the collection-district in which such hospital is situated4 ,and the collector shall not grant a clearance to any foreign vessel until the money so due from her master shall be paid4 ,the officer in charge of each hospital is hereby directed1 under penalty of fifty dollars1 to make out the accounts against each foreign seaman that may be placed in the hospital under his direction1 and render the same to the collector4 7,r4 ,s41 #dhje2 ,mar4 #c1 #ahge2 sec4 #f47 ,insane patients of said marine hospital service shall be admitted into the ,government ,hospital for the ,insane upon the order of the ,secretary of the ,treasury1 and shall be cared for therein until cured or until removed by the same authority2 and the charge for each such patient shall not exceed four dollars and fifty cents a week1 which charge shall be paid out of the marine-hospital fund4 7,mar4 #c1 #ahge2 sec4 #e47 ,the privilege of admission to and temporary treatment in the marine hospitals under the control of the ,government of the ,united ,states be1 and is hereby1 extended to the keepers and crews of the ,life-,saving ,service under the same rules and regulations as those governing sailors and seamen1 and for the purposes of this ,act members of the ,life-,saving ,service shall be received in said hospitals and treated therein1 and at the dispensaries thereof1 as are seamen of ,american registered vessels2 but this ,act shall not be so construed as to compel the establishment of hospitals or dispensaries for the benefit of said keepers and crews1 nor as establishing a home for the same when permanently disabled4 7,aug4 #d1 #ahid47 ,jurisdiction over ,american seamen in foreign ports and foreign seamen in ,american ports4 ,whenever it is stipulated by treaty or convention between the ,united ,states and any foreign nation that the consul-general1 consuls1 vice-consuls1 or consular or commercial agents of each nation1 shall have exclusive jurisdiction of controversies1 difficulties1 or disorders arising at sea or in the waters or ports of the other nation1 between the master or officers and any of the crew1 or between any of the crew themselves1 of any vessel belonging to the nation represented by such consular officer1 such stipulations shall be executed and enforced within the jurisdiction of the ,united ,states as hereinafter declared4 ,but before this section shall take effect as to the vessels of any particular nation having such treaty with the ,united ,states1 the ,president shall be satisfied that similar provisions have been made for the execution of such treaty by the other contracting party1 and shall issue his proclamation to that effect1 declaring this section to be in force as to such nation4 7,r4 ,s41 #djgi47 ,in all cases within the purview of the preceding section the consul-general1 consul1 or other consular or commercial authority of such foreign nation charged with the appropriate duty in the particular case1 may make application to any court of record of the ,united ,states1 or to any judge thereof1 or to any commissioner of a district court1 setting forth that such controversy1 difficulty1 or disorder has arisen1 briefly stating the nature thereof1 and when and where the same occurred1 and exhibiting a certified copy or abstract of the shipping-articles1 roll1 or other proper paper of the vessel1 to the effect that the person in question is of the crew or ship's company of such vessel2 and further stating and certifying that such person has withdrawn himself1 or is believed to be about to withdraw himself1 from the control and discipline of the master and officers of the vessel1 or that he has refused1 or is about to refuse1 to submit to and obey the lawful jurisdiction of such consular or commercial authority in the premises2 and further stating and certifying that1 to the best of the knowledge and belief of the officer certifying1 such person is not a citizen of the ,united ,states4 ,such application shall be in writing and duly authenticated by the consular or other sufficient official seal4 ,thereupon such court1 judge1 or commissioner shall issue his warrant for the arrest of the person so complained of1 directed to the marshal of the ,united ,states for the appropriate district1 or in his discretion to any person1 being a citizen of the ,united ,states1 whom he may specially depute for the purpose1 requiring such person to be brought before him for examination at a certain time and place4 7,r4 ,s41 #djhj2 ,may #bh1 #ahif47 ,if1 on such examination1 it is made to appear that the person so arrested is a citizen of the ,united ,states1 he shall be forthwith discharged from arrest1 and shall be left to the ordinary course of law4 ,but if this is not made to appear1 and such court1 judge1 or commissioner finds1 upon the papers hereinbefore referred to1 a sufficient prima-facie case that the matter concerns only the internal order and discipline of such foreign vessels1 or1 whether in its nature civil or criminal1 does not affect directly the execution of the laws of the ,united ,states1 or the rights and duties of any citizen of the ,united ,states1 he shall forthwith1 by his warrant1 commit such person to prison1 where prisoners under sentence of a court of the ,united ,states may be lawfully committed1 or1 in his discretion1 to the master or chief officer of such foreign vessel1 to be subject to the lawful orders1 control1 and discipline of such master or chief officer1 and to the jurisdiction of the consular or commercial authority of the nation to which such vessel belongs1 to the exclusion of any authority or jurisdiction in the premises of the ,united ,states or any ,state thereof4 ,no person shall be detained more than two months after his arrest1 but at the end of that time shall be set at liberty and shall not again be arrested for the same cause4 ,the expenses of the arrest and the detention of the person so arrested shall be paid by the consular officer making the application4 7,r4 ,s41 #djha47 7,see ,r4 ,s41 #ebhj as amended ,mar4 #d1 #aiae47 ,the district courts1 and the ,united ,states commissioners1 shall have power to carry into effect1 according to the true intent and meaning thereof1 the award1 or arbitration1 or decree of any consul1 vice-consul1 or commercial agent of any foreign nation1 made or rendered by virtue of authority conferred on him as such consul1 vice-consul1 or commercial agent1 to sit as judge or arbitrator in such differences as may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels belonging to the nation whose interests are committed to his charge1 application for the exercise of such power being first made to such court or commissioner by petition of such consul1 vice-consul1 or commercial agent4 ,and said courts and commissioners may issue all proper remedial process1 mesne and final1 to carry into full effect such award1 arbitration1 or decree1 and to enforce obedience thereto1 by imprisonment in the jail or other place of confinement in the district in which the ,united ,states may lawfully imprison any person arrested under the authority of the ,united ,states1 until such award1 arbitration1 or decree is complied with1 or the parties are otherwise discharged therefrom1 by the consent in writing of such consul1 vice-consul1 or commercial agent1 or his successor in office1 or by the authority of the foreign government appointing such consul1 vice-consul1 or commercial agent3 ,provided1 however1 ,that the expenses of the said imprisonment1 and maintenance of the prisoners1 and the cost of the proceedings1 shall be borne by such foreign government1 or by its consul1 vice-consul1 or commercial agent requiring such imprisonment4 ,the marshals of the ,united ,states shall serve all such process1 and do all other acts necessary and proper to carry into effect the premises1 under the authority of the said courts and commissioners4 7,r4 ,s41 #gbh2 ,mar4 #c1 #aiaa2 sec4 #bga47 ,seamen's witness fees4 ,there shall be paid to each seaman or other person who is sent to the ,united ,states from any foreign port1 station1 sea1 or ocean1 by any ,united ,states minister1 charg d'affaires1 consul1 captain1 or commander1 to give testimony in any criminal case depending in any court of the ,united ,states1 such compensation1 exclusive of subsistence and transportation1 as such court may adjudge to be proper1 not exceeding one dollar for each day necessarily employed in such voyage1 and in arriving at the place of examination or trial4 ,in fixing such compensation1 the court shall take into consideration the condition of said seaman or witness1 and whether his voyage has been broken up1 to his injury1 by his being sent to the ,united ,states4 ,when such seaman or person is transported in an armed vessel of the ,united ,states no charge for subsistence or transportation shall be allowed4 ,when he is transported in any other vessel1 the compensation for his transportation and subsistence1 not exceeding in any case fifty cents a day1 may be fixed by the court1 and shall be paid to the captain of said vessel accordingly4 7,r4 ,s4 #hea47 ,manning of merchant vessels4 ,in all merchant vessels of the ,united ,states of more than one hundred tons gross1 excepting those navigating rivers1 harbors1 bays1 or sounds exclusively1 the sailors shall1 while at sea1 be divided into at least two1 and the firemen1 oilers1 and water tenders into at least three watches1 which shall be kept on duty successively for the performance of ordinary work incident to the sailing and management of the vessel4 ,the seamen shall not be shipped to work alternately in the fireroom and on deck1 nor shall those shipped for deck duty be required to work in the fireroom1 or vice versa2 but these provisions shall not limit either the authority of the master or other officer or the obedience of the seamen when1 in the judgment of the master or other officer1 the whole or any part of the crew are needed for the maneuvering of the vessel or the performance of work necessary for the safety of the vessel or her cargo1 or for the saving of life aboard other vessels in jeopardy1 or when in port or at sea from requiring the whole or any part of the crew to participate in the performance of fire1 lifeboat1 and other drills4 ,while such vessel is in a safe harbor no seaman shall be required to do any unnecessary work on ,sundays or the following-named days3 ,new ,year's ,day1 the ,fourth of ,july1 ,labor ,day1 ,thanksgiving ,day and ,christmas ,day1 but this shall not prevent the dispatch of a vessel on regular schedule or when ready to proceed on her voyage4 ,and at all times while such vessel is in a safe harbor1 nine hours1 inclusive of the anchor watch1 shall constitute a day's work4 ,whenever the master of any vessel shall fail to comply with this section1 the seamen shall be entitled to discharge from such vessel and to receive the wages earned4 ,but this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels1 or yachts4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #b47 7,effective beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae47 ,no vessel of one hundred tons gross and upward1 except those navigating rivers exclusively and the smaller inland lakes and except as provided in section one of this ,act1 shall be permitted to depart from any port of the ,united ,states unless she has on board a crew not less than seventy-five per centum of which1 in each department thereof1 are able to understand any order given by the officers of such vessel1 nor unless forty per centum in the first year1 forty-five per centum in the second year1 fifty per centum in the third year1 fifty-five per centum in the fourth year after the passage of this ,act1 and thereafter sixty-five per centum of her deck crew1 exclusive of licensed officers and apprentices1 are of a rating not less than able seaman4 ,every person shall be rated an able seaman1 and qualified for service as such on the seas1 who is nineteen years of age or upward1 and has had at least three years' service on deck at sea or on the ,great ,lakes1 on a vessel or vessels to which this section applies1 including decked fishing vessels1 naval vessels or coast guard vessels2 and every person shall be rated an able seaman1 and qualified to serve as such on the ,great ,lakes and on the smaller lakes1 bays or sounds1 who is nineteen years of age or upward and has had at least eighteen months' service on deck at sea or on the ,great ,lakes or on the smaller lakes1 bays1 or sounds1 on a vessel or vessels to which this section applies1 including decked fishing vessels1 naval vessels1 or coast guard vessels2 and graduates of school ships approved by and conducted under rules prescribed by the ,secretary of ,commerce may be rated able seamen after twelve months' service at sea3 ,provided1 ,that upon examination1 under rules prescribed by the ,department of ,commerce as to eyesight1 hearing1 and physical condition1 such persons or graduates are found to be competent3 ,provided further1 ,that upon examination1 under rules prescribed by the ,department of ,commerce as to eyesight1 hearing1 physical condition1 and knowledge of the duties of seamanship a person found competent may be rated as able seaman after having served on deck twelve months at sea1 or on the ,great ,lakes2 but seamen examined and rated able seamen under this proviso shall not in any case compose more than one-fourth of the number of able seamen required by this section to be shipped or employed upon any vessel4 ,any person may make application to any board of local inspectors for a certificate of service as able seaman1 and upon proof being made to said board by affidavit and examination1 under rules approved by the ,secretary of ,commerce1 showing the nationality and age of the applicant and the vessel or vessels on which he has had service and that he is entitled to such certificate under the provisions of this section1 the board of local inspectors shall issue to said applicant a certificate of service1 which shall be retained by him and be accepted as prima facie evidence of his rating as an able seaman4 ,each board of local inspectors shall keep a complete record of all certificates of service issued by them and to whom issued and shall keep on file the affidavits upon which said certificates are issued4 ,the collector of customs may1 upon his own motion1 and shall1 upon the sworn information of any reputable citizen of the ,united ,states setting forth that this section is not being complied with cause a muster of the crew of any vessel to be made to determine the fact2 and no clearance shall be given to any vessel failing to comply with the provisions of this section3 ,provided1 ,that the collector of customs shall not be required to cause such muster of the crew to be made unless said sworn information has been filed with him for at least six hours before the vessel departs1 or is scheduled to depart3 ,provided further1 ,that any person that shall knowingly make a false affidavit for such purpose shall be deemed guilty of perjury and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding #ejj or by imprisonment not exceeding one year1 or by both such fine and imprisonment1 within the discretion of the court4 ,any violation of any provision of this section by the owner1 master1 or officer in charge of the vessel shall subject the owner of such vessel to a penalty of not less than #ajj and not more than #ejj3 ,and provided further1 ,that the ,secretary of ,commerce shall make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section1 and nothing herein shall be held or construed to prevent the ,board of ,supervising ,inspectors1 with the approval of the ,secretary of ,commerce1 from making rules and regulations authorized by law as to vessels excluded from the operation of this section4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #ac47 7,effective on ,american vessels beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae2 on vessels of foreign nations not covered by treaties ,mar4 #d1 #aiaf2 on vessels of other foreign nations after termination of treaties47 ,undermanning4 ,in case of desertion or casualty resulting in the loss of one or more of the seamen1 the master must ship1 if obtainable1 a number equal to the number of those whose services he has been deprived of by desertion or casualty1 who must be of the same or higher grade or rating with those whose places they fill1 and report the same to the ,united ,states consul at the first port at which he shall arrive1 without incurring the penalty prescribed by the two preceding sections4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts4 7,r4 ,s41 #deaf2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #a2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #a47 7,effective beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae47 ,fellow-servant clause4 ,in any suit to recover damages for any injury sustained on board vessel or in its service seamen having command shall not be held to be fellow-servants with those under their authority4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #bj47 7,effective beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae47 ,unseaworthy vessels4 ,if any person knowingly sends or attempts to send or is party to the sending or attempting to send an ,american ship to sea1 in the foreign or coastwise trade1 in such an unseaworthy state that the life of any person is likely to be thereby endangered1 he shall1 in respect of each offense1 be guilty of a misdemeanor1 and shall be punished by a fine not to exceed one thousand dollars or by imprisonment not to exceed five years1 or both1 at the discretion of the court1 unless he proves that either he used all reasonable means to insure her being sent to sea in a seaworthy state1 or that her going to sea in an unseaworthy state was1 under circumstances1 reasonable and justifiable1 and for the purposes of giving that proof he may give evidence in the same manner as any other witness4 ,this section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts4--,dec4 #ba1 #ahih1 sec4 #bf2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #aa4 ,war risk insurance4 ,,sec4 #c;a4 ,that whenever it shall appear to the ,secretary of the ,treasury that the effecting of such insurance is desirable in the national interest in the case of vessels engaged in any trade1 the owner of every ,american merchant vessel engaged in such trade shall insure the master1 officers1 and crew of such vessel against loss of life or personal injury from war risks as well as for compensation during detention by an enemy of the ,united ,states following capture4 ,such insurance shall be effected either with the ,bureau of ,war ,risk ,insurance or in insurance companies1 and on terms satisfactory to the ,secretary of the ,treasury4 ,such insurance shall provide1 and the ,bureau of ,war ,risk ,insurance is authorized to write policies so providing-- 7a7 ,in case of death1 permanent disability which prevents the person injured from performing any and every kind of duty pertaining to his occupation1 or the loss of both hands1 both arms1 both feet1 both legs1 or both eyes1 or any two thereof1 for the payment of an amount equivalent to one year's earnings1 or to twelve times the monthly earnings of the insured1 as fixed in the articles for the voyage 7hereinafter referred to as the principal sum71 but in no case shall such amount be more than #ejjj or less than #aejj2 7b7 ,in case of any of the following losses1 for the payment of the percentage of the principal sum indicated in the following tables3 ,one hand1 fifty per centum2 ,one arm1 sixty-five per centum2 ,one foot1 fifty per centum2 ,one leg1 sixty-five per centum2 ,one eye1 forty-five per centum2 ,total destruction of hearing1 fifty per centum2 ,that the ,bureau of ,war ,risk ,insurance may include in its policy undertakings to pay specified percentages of the principal sum for other losses or disabilities2 and 7c7 ,in case of detention by an enemy of the ,united ,states1 following capture1 for the payment during the continuance of such detention of compensation at the same rate as the earnings of the insured immediately preceding such detention1 to be determined in substantially the same manner as provided in subdivision 7a7 of this section4 ,the aggregate payments under this section in respect to any one person shall not exceed the amount of the principal sum4 ,payments provided for in this section shall be made only to the master1 officer1 or member of the crew concerned1 except that a payment for loss of life shall be made to the estate of the insured for distribution to his family free from liability of debt1 and payment on account of detention by an enemy following capture shall be made to dependents of the person detained1 if designated by him4 ,no claim under this section shall be valid unless made by the master1 officer1 or member of the crew concerned1 or his estate1 or a person designated under this section1 within two years after the date on which the ,president suspends the operations of this ,act in so far as it authorizes insurance by the ,united ,states4 ,,sec4 #c;b4 ,that in the event of failure of the owner of any vessel to effect insurance of the master1 officers1 and crew of such vessel prior to sailing1 in accordance with section three a of this ,act1 the ,secretary of the ,treasury is hereby authorized to effect such insurance with the ,bureau of ,war ,risk ,insurance at the expense of the owner of such vessel1 and the latter shall be liable for such expense1 and1 in addition1 to a penalty of not exceeding #ajjj4 ,the amount of such premium1 with interest and of the penalty and of all costs1 shall be a lien on the vessel4 7,june #ab1 #aiag47 ,,chapter ,,xxv ,,discipline ,,at ,,sea ,authority1 to some minds1 means oppression and injustice2 people so constituted should stay ashore2 a ship has no use for them--they simply cannot get along4 ,the orderly man lives his life aboard ship with the greatest freedom4 ,discipline at sea is largely a matter of common sense4 ,officers who know their business have very little trouble in achieving perfect discipline4 ,the laws governing lack of ability bear hard on the man who has shipped to do work he is not qualified for4 ,the disturber has a hard time when handled by a ,master who knows the law and his authority4 ,the laws relating to offenses on board ship are appended1 not as guide to crime1 but to inform the seaman of the fact that the flag and the laws of the land follow the ship out beyond the three-mile limit4 ,some officers have a way with them that carries along the work of the vessel without friction and with the utmost amount of dispatch4 ,these officers know their business thoroughly4 ,they are absolutely just1 which means that the slacker and malingerer are given the full brunt of disapproval4 ,the coming down on a loafer1 good and hard1 helps more to bring forth respect for an officer than anything else4 ,when this is coupled by even-handed justice1 and a human way of doing things1 such as looking out for the comfort of their men1 a happy vessel is bound to be the result4 ,seamen like nothing better than to know that they are under officers who will run things on the level4 ,it is like being under a decent government that helps the weak and curbs the strong--there is a fascination to running things right that merchant officers should cultivate4 ,below are the punishments meted out to those that believe in individual license1 and who think that the individual can do as he pleases without consulting the rest of us4 ,they are wrong1 of course1 but most of all1 they are most often1 simply ignorant4 ,offenses and punishments4 ,whenever any seaman who has been lawfully engaged or any apprentice to the sea service commits any of the following offenses1 he shall be punished as follows3 ,first4 ,for desertion1 by forfeiture of all or any part of the clothes or effects he leaves on board and of all or any part of the wages or emoluments which he has then earned4 ,second4 ,for neglecting or refusing without reasonable cause to join his vessel or to proceed to sea in his vessel1 or for absence without leave at any time within twenty-four hours of the vessel's sailing from any port1 either at the commencement or during the progress of the voyage1 or for absence at any time without leave and without sufficient reason from his vessel and from his duty1 not amounting to desertion1 by forfeiture from his wages of not more than two days' pay or sufficient to defray any expenses which shall have been properly incurred in hiring a substitute4 ,third4 ,for quitting the vessel without leave1 after her arrival at the port of her delivery and before she is placed in security1 by forfeiture from his wages of not more than one month's pay4 ,fourth4 ,for willful disobedience to any lawful command at sea1 by being1 at the option of the master1 placed in irons until such disobedience shall cease1 and upon arrival in port by forfeiture from his wages of not more than four days' pay1 or1 at the discretion of the court1 by imprisonment for not more than one month4 ,fifth4 ,for continued willful disobedience to lawful command or continued willful neglect of duty at sea1 by being1 at the option of the master1 placed in irons1 on bread and water1 with full rations every fifth day1 until such disobedience shall cease1 and upon arrival in port by forfeiture1 for every twenty-four hours' continuance of such disobedience or neglect1 of a sum of not more than twelve days' pay1 or by imprisonment for not more than three months1 at the discretion of the court4 ,sixth4 ,for assaulting any master or mate1 by imprisonment for not more than two years4 ,seventh4 ,for willfully damaging the vessel1 or embezzling or willfully damaging any of the stores or cargo1 by forfeiture out of his wages of a sum equal in amount to the loss thereby sustained1 and also1 at the discretion of the court1 by imprisonment for not more than twelve months4 ,eighth4 ,for any act of smuggling for which he is convicted and whereby loss or damage is occasioned to the master or owner1 he shall be liable to pay such master or owner such a sum as is sufficient to reimburse the master or owner for such loss or damage1 and the whole or any part of his wages may be retained in satisfaction or on account of such liability1 and he shall be liable to imprisonment for a period of not more than twelve months4 7,r4 ,s41 #deif2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #ai2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #g47 7,effective beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae47 ,upon the commission of any of the offenses enumerated in the preceding section an entry thereof shall be made in the official log book on the day on which the offense was committed1 and shall be signed by the master and by the mate or one of the crew2 and the offender1 if still in the vessel1 shall1 before her next arrival at any port1 or1 if she is at the time in port1 before her departure therefrom1 be furnished with a copy of such entry1 and have the same read over distinctly and audibly to him1 and may thereupon make such a reply thereto as he thinks fit2 and a statement that a copy of the entry has been so furnished1 or the same has been so read over1 together with his reply1 if any1 made by the offender1 shall likewise be entered and signed in the same manner4 ,in any subsequent legal proceedings the entries hereinbefore required shall1 if practicable1 be produced or proved1 and in default of such production of proof the court hearing the case may1 at its discretion1 refuse to receive evidence of the offense4 7,r4 ,s41 #deig2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #bj47 ,all clothes1 effects1 and wages which1 under the provisions of this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 are forfeited for desertion1 shall be applied1 in the first instance1 in payment of the expenses occasioned by such desertion1 to the master or owner of the vessel from which the desertion has taken place1 and the balance1 if any1 shall be paid by the master or owner to any shipping-commissioner resident at the port at which the voyage of such vessel terminates2 and the shipping-commissioner shall account for and pay over such balance to the judge of the district court within one month after the commissioner receives the same1 to be disposed of by him in the same manner as is prescribed for the disposal of the money1 effects1 and wages of deceased seamen4 ,whenever any master or owner neglects or refuses to pay over to the shipping-commissioner such balance1 he shall be liable to a penalty of double the amount thereof1 recoverable by the commissioner in the same manner that seamen's wages are recovered4 ,in all other cases of forfeiture of wages1 the forfeiture shall be for the benefit of the master or owner by whom the wages are payable4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfjd47 ,any master of1 or any seaman or apprentice belonging to1 any merchant vessel1 who1 by willful breach of duty1 or by reason of drunkenness1 does any act tending to the immediate loss or destruction of1 or serious damage to such vessel1 or tending immediately to endanger the life or limb of any person belonging to or on board of such vessel2 or who1 by willful breach of duty1 or by neglect of duty1 or by reason of drunkenness1 refuses or omits to do any lawful act proper and requisite to be done by him for preserving such vessel from immediate loss1 destruction1 or serious damage1 or for preserving any person belonging to or on board of such ship from immediate danger to life or limb1 shall1 for every such offense1 be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 punishable by imprisonment for not more than twelve months4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfjb47 ,sheath knives not allowed4 ,no seaman in the merchant-service shall wear any sheath-knife on shipboard4 ,it shall be the duty of the master of any vessel registered1 enrolled1 or licensed under the laws of the ,united ,states1 and of the person entering into contract for the employment of a seaman upon any such vessel1 to inform every person offering to ship himself of the provisions of this section1 and to require his compliance therewith1 under a penalty of fifty dollars for each omission1 to be sued for and recovered in the name of the ,united ,states1 under the direction of the ,secretary of ,commerce2 one half for the benefit of the informer1 and the other half for the benefit of the fund for the relief of sick and disabled seamen4 7,r4 ,s4 #dfjh2 ,feb4 #ad1 #aijc2 sec4 #aj47 ,corporal punishment prohibited4 ,flogging and all other forms of corporal punishment are hereby prohibited on board of any vessel1 and no form of corporal punishment on board of any vessel shall be deemed justifiable1 and any master or other officer thereof who shall violate the aforesaid provisions of this section1 or either thereof1 shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor1 punishable by imprisonment for not less than three months nor more than two years4 ,whenever any officer other than the master of such vessel shall violate any provision of this section1 it shall be the duty of such master to surrender such officer to the proper authorities as soon as practicable1 provided he has actual knowledge of the misdemeanor1 or complaint thereof is made within three days after reaching port4 ,any failure on the part of such master to use due diligence to comply herewith1 which failure shall result in the escape of such officer1 shall render the master or vessel or the owner of the vessel liable in damages for such flogging or corporal punishment to the person illegally punished by such officer4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfaa2 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahih2 sec4 #bb2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiae2 sec4 #i47 7,effective beginning ,nov4 #d1 #aiae47 ,procedure4 ,all penalties and forfeitures imposed by this ,title ,r4 ,s41 #deja-dfac1 for the recovery whereof no specific mode is hereinbefore provided1 may be recovered1 with costs1 in any district court of the ,united ,states1 at the suit of any district attorney of the ,united ,states1 or at the suit of any person by information to any district attorney in any port of the ,united ,states1 where or near to where the offense is committed or the offender is found2 and if a conviction is had1 and the sum imposed as a penalty by the court is not paid either immediately after the conviction1 or within such period as the court at the time of the conviction appoints1 it shall be lawful for the court to commit the offender to prison1 there to be imprisoned for the term hereinbefore provided in case of such offense1 the commitment to be terminable upon payment of the amount and costs2 and all penalties and forfeitures mentioned in this ,title for which no special application is provided1 shall1 when recovered1 be paid and applied in manner following3 ,so much as the court shall determine1 and the residue shall be paid to the court and be remitted from time to time1 by order of the judge1 to the ,treasury of the ,united ,states1 and appropriated as provided for in section forty-five hundred and fortyfive3 ,provided always1 ,that it shall be lawful for the court before which any proceeding shall be instituted for the recovery of any pecuniary penalty imposed by this act1 to mitigate or reduce such penalty as to such court shall appear just and reasonable2 but no such penalty shall be reduced to less than one-third of its original amount3 ,provided also1 ,that all proceedings so to be instituted shall be commenced within two years next after the commission of the offense1 if the same shall have been committed at or beyond the ,cape of ,good ,hope or ,cape ,horn1 or within one year if committed elsewhere1 or within two months after the return of the offender and the complaining party to the ,united ,states2 and there shall be no appeal from any decision of any of the district courts1 unless the amount sued for exceeds the sum of five hundred dollars4 7,r4 ,s41 #dfaj47 ,,crimes ,place of trial4 ,the trial of all offenses committed upon the high seas or elsewhere1 out of the jurisdiction of any particular ,state or district1 shall be in the district where the offender is found1 or into which he is first brought4 ,when any offense against the ,united ,states is begun in one judicial district and completed in another1 it shall be deemed to have been committed in either1 and may be dealt with1 inquired of1 tried1 determined1 and punished in either district1 in the same manner as if it had been actually and wholly committed therein4 ,all pecuniary penalties and forfeitures may be used for and recovered either in the district where they accrue or in the district where the offender is found4 ,the crimes and offenses defined in this chapter shall be punished as herein prescribed3 ,first4 ,when committed upon the high seas1 or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states and out of the jurisdiction of any particular ,state1 or when committed within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states and out of the jurisdiction of any particular ,state on board any vessel belonging in whole or in part to the ,united ,states or any citizen thereof1 or to any corporation created by or under the laws of the ,united ,states1 or of any ,state1 ,territory1 or ,district thereof4 ,second4 ,when committed upon any vessel registered1 licensed1 or enrolled under the laws of the ,united ,states1 and being on a voyage upon the waters of any of the ,great ,lakes1 namely3 ,lake ,superior1 ,lake ,michigan1 ,lake ,huron1 ,lake ,saint ,clair1 ,lake ,erie1 ,lake ,ontario1 or any of the waters connecting any of said lakes1 or upon the ,river ,saint ,lawrence where the same constitutes the ,international boundary line4 ,third4 ,when committed within or on any lands reserved or acquired for the exclusive use of the ,united ,states1 and under the exclusive jurisdiction thereof1 or any place purchased or otherwise acquired by the ,united ,states by consent of the legislature of the ,state in which the same shall be1 for the erection of a fort1 magazine1 arsenal1 dockyard1 or other needful building4 ,fourth4 ,on any island1 rock1 or key1 containing deposits of guano1 which may1 at the discretion of the ,president1 be considered as appertaining to the ,united ,states4 7,r4 ,s41 #gcj2 ,mar4 #c1 #aiaa2 sec4 #db2 sec4 #dc2 ,mar4 #d1 #aiji2 sec4 #bgb2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecci47 ,murder4 ,murder is the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought4 ,every murder perpetrated by poison1 lying in wait1 or any other kind of willful1 deliberate1 malicious1 and premeditated killing2 or committed in the perpetration of1 or attempt to perpetrate1 any arson1 rape1 burglary1 or robbery2 or perpetrated from a premeditated design unlawfully and maliciously to effect the death of any human being other than him who is killed1 is murder in the first degree4 ,any other murder is murder in the second degree4 7,sec4 #bgc47 ,manslaughter4 ,manslaughter is the unlawful killing of a human being without malice4 ,it is of two kinds3 ,first4 ,voluntary--,upon a sudden quarrel or heat of passion4 ,second4 ,involuntary--,in the commission of an unlawful act not amounting to a felony1 or in the commission of a lawful act which might produce death1 in an unlawful manner1 or without due caution and circumspection4 ,every person guilty of murder in the first degree shall suffer death4 ,every person guilty of murder in the second degree shall be imprisoned not less than ten years and may be imprisoned for life4 ,every person guilty of voluntary manslaughter shall be imprisoned not more than ten years4 ,every person guilty of involuntary manslaughter shall be imprisoned not more than three years1 or fined not exceeding one thousand dollars1 or both4 7,sec4 #bgd2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecda2 sec4 #bge2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecdj1 #ecdc47 ,assault4 ,whoever shall assault another with intent to commit murder1 or rape1 shall be imprisoned not more than twenty years4 ,whoever shall assault another with intent to commit any felony1 except murder1 or rape1 shall be fined not more than three thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than ten years1 or both4 ,whoever1 with intent to do bodily harm1 and without just cause or excuse1 shall assault another with a dangerous weapon1 instrument1 or other thing1 shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than five years1 or both4 ,whoever shall unlawfully strike1 beat1 or wound another1 shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars1 or imprisoned not more than six months1 or both4 ,whoever shall unlawfully assault another1 shall be fined not more than three hundred dollars1 or imprisoned not more than three months1 or both4 ,whoever shall attempt to commit murder or manslaughter1 except as provided in the preceding section1 shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than three years4 7,sec4 #bgf2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecde1 #ecdf2 sec4 #bgg2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecdb47 ,rape4 ,whoever shall commit the crime of rape shall suffer death4 ,whoever shall carnally and unlawfully know any female under the age of sixteen years1 or shall be accessory to such carnal and unlawful knowledge before the fact1 shall1 for a first offense1 be imprisoned not more than fifteen years1 and for a subsequent offense be imprisoned not more than thirty years4 7,sec4 #bgh2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecde2 sec4 #bgi47 ,seduction4 ,every master1 officer1 seaman1 or other person employed on board of any ,american vessel who1 during the voyage under promise of marriage1 or by threats1 or the exercise of authority1 or solicitation1 or the making of gifts or presents1 seduces and has illicit connection with any female passenger1 shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than one year1 or both2 but subsequent intermarriage of the parties may be pleaded in bar of conviction4 ,when a person is convicted of a violation of the section last preceding1 the court may1 in its discretion1 direct that the amount of the fine1 when paid1 be paid for the use of the female seduced1 or her child1 if she have any2 but no conviction shall be had on the testimony of the female seduced1 without other evidence1 nor unless the indictment is found within one year after the arrival of the vessel on which the offense was committed at the port of its destination4 7,sec4 #bhj2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecdi2 sec4 #bha2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecej1 #ecea47 ,death from negligence1 misconduct1 etc4 ,every captain1 engineer1 pilot1 or other person employed on any steamboat or vessel1 by whose misconduct1 negligence1 or inattention to his duties on such vessel the life of any person is destroyed1 and every owner1 charterer1 inspector1 or other public officer1 through whose fraud1 neglect1 connivance1 misconduct1 or violation of law the life of any person is destroyed1 shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than ten years1 or both3 ,provided1 ,that when the owner or charterer of any steamboat or vessel shall be a corporation1 any executive officer of such corporation1 for the time being actually charged with the control and management of the operation1 equipment1 or navigation of such steamboat or vessel1 who has knowingly and willfully caused or allowed such fraud1 neglect1 connivance1 misconduct1 or violation of law1 by which the life of any person is destroyed1 shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than ten years1 or both4 7,sec4 #bhb2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecdd1 and act ,mar4 #c1 #aije2 sec4 #e47 ,mayhem4 ,whoever1 with intent to maim or disfigure1 shall cut1 bite1 or slit1 the nose1 ear1 or lip1 or cut out or disable the tongue1 or put out or destroy an eye1 or cut off or disable a limb or any member of another person2 or whoever1 with like intent1 shall throw or pour upon another person1 any scalding hot water1 vitriol1 or other corrosive acid1 or caustic substance whatever1 shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than seven years1 or both4 7,sec4 #bhc2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecdh47 ,robbery4 ,whoever1 by force and violence1 or by putting in fear1 shall feloniously take from the person or presence of another anything of value1 shall be imprisoned not more than fifteen years4 7,sec4 #bhd2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecgj47 ,arson4 ,whoever shall maliciously set fire to1 burn1 or attempt to burn1 or by any means destroy or injure1 or attempt to destroy or injure1 any arsenal1 armory1 magazine1 rope-walk1 ship house1 warehouse1 blockhouse1 or barrack1 or any storehouse1 barn1 or stable1 not parcel of a dwelling house1 or any other building not mentioned in the section last preceding1 or any vessel built1 building1 or undergoing repair1 or any light-house1 or beacon1 or any machinery1 timber1 cables1 rigging1 or other materials or appliances for building1 repairing1 or fitting out vessels1 or any pile of wood1 boards1 or other lumber1 or any military1 naval1 or victualing stores1 arms1 or other munitions of war1 shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than twenty years4 7,sec4 #bhf2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #echf47 ,larceny4 ,whoever shall take and carry away1 with intent to steal or purloin1 any personal property of another1 shall be punished as follows3 ,if the property taken is of a value exceeding fifty dollars1 or is taken from the person of another1 by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars1 or imprisonment for not more than ten years1 or both2 in all other cases1 by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars1 or by imprisonment not more than one year1 or both4 ,if the property stolen consists of any evidence of debt1 or other written instrument1 the amount of money due thereon1 or secured to be paid thereby1 and remaining unsatisfied1 or which in any contingency might be collected thereon1 or the value of the property the title to which is shown thereby1 or the sum which might be recovered in the absence thereof1 shall be deemed to be the value of the property stolen4 7,sec4 #bhg2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecef47 ,receiver of stolen property4 ,whoever shall buy1 receive1 or conceal1 any money1 goods1 bank notes1 or other thing which may be the subject of larceny1 which has been feloniously taken1 stolen1 or embezzled1 from any other person1 knowing the same to have been so taken1 stolen1 or embezzled1 shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than three years2 and such person may be tried either before or after the conviction of the principal offender4 7,sec4 #bhh2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #eceg47 ,miscellaneous offenses4 ,whoever1 within the territorial limits of any ,state1 organized ,territory1 or ,district1 but within or upon any of the places now existing or hereafter reserved or acquired1 described in section two hundred and seventy-two of this ,act1 shall do or omit the doing of any act or thing which is not made penal by any law of ,congress1 but which if committed or omitted within the jurisdiction of the ,state1 ,territory1 or ,district in which such place is situated1 by the laws thereof now in force would be penal1 shall be deemed guilty of a like offense and be subject to a like punishment2 and every such ,state1 ,territorial1 or ,district law shall1 for the purposes of this section1 continue in force1 notwithstanding any subsequent repeal or amendment thereof by any such ,state1 ,territory1 or ,district4 7,sec4 #bhi2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ehia47 ,forgery4 ,whoever shall falsely make1 forge1 counterfeit1 or alter any instrument in imitation of1 or purporting to be1 an abstract or official copy or certificate of the recording1 registry1 or enrollment of any vessel1 in the office of any collector of the customs1 or a license to any vessel for carrying on the coasting trade or fisheries of the ,united ,states1 or a certificate of ownership1 pass1 passport1 sea letter1 or clearance1 granted for any vessel1 under the authority of the ,united ,states1 or a permit1 debenture1 or other official document granted by any collector or other officer of the customs by virtue of his office2 or whoever shall utter1 publish1 or pass1 or attempt to utter1 publish1 or pass1 as true1 any such false1 forged1 counterfeited1 or falsely altered instrument1 abstract1 official copy1 certificate1 license1 pass1 passport1 sea letter1 clearance1 permit1 debenture1 or other official document herein specified1 knowing the same to be false1 forged1 counterfeited1 or falsely altered1 with an intent to defraud1 shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than three years4 7,sec4 #gb2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #edbc47 ,ill treatment of crew4 ,whoever1 being the master or officer of a vessel of the ,united ,states1 on the high seas1 or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 beats1 wounds1 or without justifiable cause1 imprisons any of the crew of such vessel1 or withholds from them suitable food and nourishment1 or inflicts upon them any cruel and unusual punishment1 shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than five years1 or both4 ,nothing herein contained shall be construed to repeal or modify section forty-six hundred and eleven of the ,revised ,statutes4 7,sec4 #bia2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecdg47 ,mutiny4 ,whoever1 being of the crew of a vessel of the ,united ,states1 on the high seas1 or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 endeavors to make a revolt or mutiny on board such vessel1 or combines1 conspires1 or confederates with any other person on board to make such revolt or mutiny1 or solicits1 incites1 or stirs up any other of the crew to disobey or resist the lawful orders of the master or other officer of such vessel1 or to refuse or neglect their proper duty on board thereof1 or to betray their proper trust1 or assembles with others in a tumultuous and mutinous manner1 or makes a riot on board thereof1 or unlawfully confines the master or other commanding officer thereof1 shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than five years or both4 7,sec4 #bib2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecei47 ,whoever1 being of the crew of a vessel of the ,united ,states1 on the high seas1 or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 unlawfully and with force1 or by fraud1 or intimidation1 usurps the command of such vessel from the master or other lawful officer in command thereof1 or deprives him of authority and command on board1 or resists or prevents him in the free and lawful exercise thereof1 or transfers such authority and command to another not lawfully entitled thereto1 is guilty of a revolt and mutiny1 and shall be fined not more than two thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than ten years4 7,sec4 #bic2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecfj47 ,abandonment of seamen4 ,whoever1 being master or commander of a vessel of the ,united ,states1 while abroad1 maliciously and without justifiable cause forces any officer or mariner of such vessel on shore1 in order to leave him behind in any foreign port or place1 or refuses to bring home again all such officers and mariners of such vessel whom he carried out with him1 as are in a condition to return and willing to return1 when he is ready to proceed on his homeward voyage1 shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars1 or imprisoned not more than six months1 or both4 7,sec4 #bie2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecfc47 ,barratry4 ,whoever1 on the high seas1 or within the ,united ,states1 willfully and corruptly conspires1 combines1 and confederates with any other person1 such other person being either within or without the ,united ,states1 to cast away or otherwise destroy any vessel1 with intent to injure any person that may have underwritten or may thereafter underwrite any policy of insurance thereon or on goods on board thereof1 or with intent to injure any person that has lent or advanced1 or may lend or advance1 any money on such vessel on bottomry or respondentia2 or whoever1 within the ,united ,states1 builds1 or fits out1 or aids in building or fitting out1 any vessel with intent that the same be cast away or destroyed1 with the intent hereinbefore mentioned1 shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than ten years4 7,sec4 #bif2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecfd47 ,wrecking4 ,whoever plunders1 steals1 or destroys any money1 goods1 merchandise1 or other effects1 from or belonging to any vessel in distress1 or wrecked1 lost1 stranded1 or cast away1 upon the sea1 or upon any reef1 shoal1 bank1 or rocks of the sea1 or in any other place within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than ten years2 and whoever willfully obstructs the escape of any person endeavoring to save his life from such vessel1 or the wreck thereof2 or whoever holds out or shows any false light1 or extinguishes any true light1 with intent to bring any vessel sailing upon the sea into danger1 or distress1 or shipwreck1 shall be imprisoned not less than ten years and may be imprisoned for life4 7,sec4 #big2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #eceh47 ,plundering vessel4 ,whoever1 upon the high seas or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 by surprise or by open force1 maliciously attacks or sets upon any vessel belonging to another1 with an intent unlawfully to plunder the same1 or to despoil any owner thereof of any moneys1 goods1 or merchandise laden on board thereof1 shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than ten years4 7,sec4 #bih2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecfa47 ,whoever1 upon the high seas or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 and out of the jurisdiction of any particular ,state1 breaks or enters any vessel1 with intent to commit any felony1 or maliciously cuts1 spoils1 or destroys any cordage1 cable1 buoys1 buoy-rope1 head-fast1 or other fast1 fixed to the anchor or moorings1 belonging to any vessel shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than five years4 ,casting away vessel4 ,whoever1 upon the high seas or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 willfully and corruptly casts away or otherwise destroys any vessel1 of which he is owner1 in whole or in part1 with intent to prejudice any person that may underwrite any policy of insurance thereon1 or any merchant that may have goods thereon1 or any other owner of such vessel1 shall be imprisoned for life or for any term of years4 ,whoever1 not being an owner1 upon the high seas or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 willfully and corruptly casts away or otherwise destroys any vessel of the ,united ,states to which he belongs1 or1 willfully1 with intent to destroy the same1 sets fire to any such vessel1 or otherwise attempts the destruction thereof1 shall be imprisoned not more than ten years4 ,the words vessel of the ,united ,states1 wherever they occur in this chapter1 shall be construed to mean a vessel belonging in whole or in part to the ,united ,states1 or any citizen thereof1 or any corporation created by or under the laws of the ,united ,states1 or of any ,state1 ,territory1 or ,district thereof4 7,sec4 #bih2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecfa2 sec4 #bii2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecfb2 sec4 #cjj2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecfe2 sec4 #cja2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecff1 #ecfg2 sec4 #caj47 ,crimes on the ,great ,lakes4 ,every person who shall1 upon any vessel registered or enrolled under the laws of the ,united ,states1 and being on a voyage upon the waters of any of the ,great ,lakes1 namely1 ,lake ,superior1 ,lake ,michigan1 ,lake ,huron1 ,lake ,saint ,clair1 ,lake ,erie1 ,lake ,ontario1 or any of the waters connecting any of the said lakes1 commit or be guilty of any of the acts1 neglects1 or omissions1 respectively1 mentioned in chapter three ,r4 ,s41 #ecci-ecia of title seventy of the ,revised ,statutes of the ,united ,states shall1 upon conviction thereof1 be punished with the same punishments in the said title and chapter1 respectively affixed to the same offenses therein mentioned1 respectively4 7,sept4 #d1 #ahij47 ,the circuit and district courts of the ,united ,states1 respectively1 are hereby vested with the same jurisdiction in respect to the offenses mentioned in the first section of this act that they by law have and possess in respect of the offenses in said chapter and title in the first section of this act mentioned1 and said courts1 respectively1 are also for the purpose of this act vested with all and the same jurisdiction they1 respectively1 have by force of title thirteen1 chapter three ,r4 ,s41 #efc-ega1 and title thirteen1 chapter seven ,r4 ,s41 #fbi-feg1 of the ,revised ,statutes of the ,united ,states4 ,see act ,mar4 #d1 #aiji1 sec4 #bgb1 par4 #b1 p4 #dfh4 7,sec4 #b47 ,,piracy ,piracy4 ,the ,president is authorized to employ so many of the public armed vessels as in his judgment the service may require1 with suitable instructions to the commanders thereof in protecting the merchant vessels of the ,united ,states and their crews from piratical aggressions and depredations4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbic47 ,the ,president is authorized to instruct the commanders of the public armed vessels of the ,united ,states to subdue1 seize1 take1 and send into any port of the ,united ,states1 any armed vessel or boat1 or any vessel or boat1 the crew whereof shall be armed1 and which shall have attempted or committed any piratical aggression1 search1 restraint1 depredation1 or seizure1 upon any vessel of the ,united ,states1 or of the citizens thereof1 or upon any other vessel2 and also to retake any vessel of the ,united ,states1 or its citizens1 which may have been unlawfully captured upon the high seas4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbid47 ,the commander and crew of any merchant-vessel of the ,united ,states1 owned wholly1 or in part1 by a citizen thereof1 may oppose and defend against any aggression1 search1 restraint1 depredation1 or seizure1 which shall be attempted upon such vessel1 or upon any other vessel so owned1 by the commander or crew of any armed vessel whatsoever1 not being a public armed vessel of some nation in amity with the ,united ,states1 and may subdue and capture the same2 and may also retake any vessel so owned which may have been captured by the commander or crew of any such armed vessel1 and send the same into any port of the ,united ,states4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbie47 ,whenever any vessel1 which shall have been built1 purchased1 fitted out in whole or in part1 or held for the purpose of being employed in the commission of any piratical aggression1 search1 restraint1 depredation1 or seizure1 or in the commission of any other act of piracy as defined by the law of nations1 or from which any piratical aggression1 search1 restraint1 depredation1 or seizure shall have been first attempted or made1 is captured and brought into or captured in any port of the ,united ,states1 the same shall be adjudged and condemned to their use1 and that of the captors after due process and trial in any court having admiralty jurisdiction1 and which shall be holden for the district into which such captured vessel shall be brought2 and the same court shall thereupon order a sale and distribution thereof accordingly1 and at its discretion4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbif47 ,any vessel built1 purchased1 fitted out in whole or in part1 or held for the purpose of being employed in the commission of any piratical aggression1 search1 restraint1 depredation1 or seizure1 or in the commission of any other act of piracy1 as defined by the law of nations1 shall be liable to be captured and brought into any port of the ,united ,states if found upon the high seas1 or to be seized if found in port or place within the ,united ,states1 whether the same shall have actually sailed upon any piratical expedition or not1 and whether any act of piracy shall have been committed or attempted upon or from such vessel or not2 and any such vessel may be adjudged and condemned1 if captured by a vessel authorized as hereinafter mentioned1 to the use of the ,united ,states and to that of the captors1 and if seized by a collector1 surveyor1 or marshal1 then to the use of the ,united ,states4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbig47 ,the ,president is authorized to instruct the commanders of the public armed vessels of the ,united ,states1 and to authorize the commanders of any other armed vessels sailing under the authority of any letters of marque and reprisal granted by ,congress1 or the commanders of any other suitable vessels1 to subdue1 seize1 take1 and1 if on the high seas1 to send into any port of the ,united ,states1 any vessel or boat built1 purchased1 fitted out1 or held as mentioned in the preceding section4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbih47 ,the collectors of the several ports of entry1 the surveyors of the several ports of delivery1 and the marshals of the several judicial districts within the ,united ,states1 shall seize any vessel or boat built1 purchased1 fitted out1 or held as mentioned in section forty-two hundred and ninety-seven1 which may be found within their respective ports or districts1 and to cause the same to be proceeded against and disposed of as provided by that section4 7,r4 ,s41 #dbii47 ,crimes deemed piracy4 ,whoever1 on the high seas1 commits the crime of piracy as defined by the law of nations1 and is afterwards brought into or found in the ,united ,states1 shall be imprisoned for life4 ,whoever1 being a seaman1 lays violent hands upon his commander1 thereby to hinder and prevent his fighting in defense of his vessel or the goods intrusted to him1 is a pirate1 and shall be imprisoned for life4 ,whoever1 being engaged in any piratical cruise1 or enterprise1 or being of the crew of any piratical vessel1 lands from such vessel1 and on shore commits robbery1 is a pirate1 and shall be imprisoned for life4 ,whoever1 being a citizen of the ,united ,states1 commits any murder or robbery1 or any act or hostility against the ,united ,states1 or against any citizen thereof1 on the high seas1 under color of any commission from any foreign prince1 or state1 or on pretense of authority from any person1 is1 notwithstanding the pretense of such authority1 a pirate1 and shall be imprisoned for life4 ,whoever1 being a citizen or subject of any foreign state1 is found and taken on the sea making war upon the ,united ,states1 or cruising against the vessels and property thereof1 or of the citizens of the same1 contrary to the provisions of any treaty existing between the ,united ,states and the state of which the offender is a citizen or subject1 when by such treaty such acts are declared to be piracy1 is guilty of piracy1 and shall be imprisoned for life4 ,whoever1 being a captain or other officer or mariner of a vessel upon the high seas or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the ,united ,states1 piratically or feloniously runs away with such vessel1 or with any goods or merchandise thereof1 to the value of fifty dollars1 or who yields up such vessel voluntarily to any pirate1 shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars1 or imprisoned not more than ten years1 or both4 ,whoever attempts or endeavors to corrupt any commander1 master1 officer1 or mariner to yield up or to run away with any vessel1 or with any goods1 wares1 or merchandise1 or to turn pirate1 or to go over to or confederate with pirates1 or in any wise to trade with any pirate1 knowing him to be such1 or furnishes such pirate with any ammunition1 stores1 or provisions of any kind1 or fits out any vessel knowingly and1 with a design to trade with1 supply1 or correspond with any pirate or robber upon the seas2 or whoever consults1 combines1 confederates1 or corresponds with any pirate or robber upon the seas1 knowing him to be guilty of any piracy or robbery2 or whoever1 being a seaman1 confines the master of any vessel1 shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than three years4 ,the words vessel of the ,united ,states1 wherever they occur in this chapter1 shall be construed to mean a vessel belonging in whole or in part to the ,united ,states1 or any citizen thereof1 or any corporation created by or under the laws of the ,united ,states1 or of any ,state1 ,territory1 or ,district thereof4 7,mar4 #d1 #aiji2 sec4 #bij2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecfh2 sec4 #bid2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecfi2 sec4 #cjb2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecga2 sec4 #cjd2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecgc2 sec4 #cje2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #ecgd2 sec4 #ejf2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #echc2 sec4 #cjg2 ,repeals ,r4 ,s41 #echd2 sec4 #caj47 ,,appendix ,a ,,customs ,,districts1 ,,ports1 ,,and ,,sub-,,ports ,,of ,,united ,,states ,names of ,,districts are shown in ,,bold ,,face ,,capitals followed by the district ,headquarters in ,capitals and small letters4 ,the ,district ,boundary follows immediately below with the ,ports of ,entry following4 ,,maine ,,and ,,new ,,hampshire--,portland ,state of ,maine and all of ,new ,hampshire except county of ,coos ,portland1 ,houlton1 ,fort ,fairfield1 ,mars ,hill1 ,van ,buren1 ,madawaska1 ,monticello1 ,machias1 ,lubec1 ,bath1 ,boothbay1 ,limestone1 ,fort ,kent1 ,bridgewater1 ,eastport1 ,calais1 ,bangor1 ,ellsworth1 ,rockland1 ,vanceboro1 ,lowelltown 7or ,holeb71 ,belfast1 ,rockport1 ,castine1 ,vinalhaven1 ,south ,west ,harbor1 ,portsmouth1 ,n4 ,h4 7including ,kittery74 ,,vermont--,st4 ,albans ,all of the ,state of ,vermont2 and the ,county of ,coos in the ,state of ,new ,hampshire ,newport1 ,north ,troy1 ,derbyline1 ,island ,pond1 ,bleecher ,falls1 ,st4 ,albans1 ,richford1 ,burlington1 ,alburg1 ,swanton1 ,highgate4 ,,massachusetts--,boston ,all of the ,state of ,massachusetts ,boston1 ,gloucester1 ,salem 7including ,beverly1 ,marblehead1 and ,lynn71 ,provincetown1 ,plymouth1 ,barnstable1 ,vineyard ,haven1 ,fall ,river1 ,new ,bedford1 ,worcester1 ,springfield1 ,holyoke4 ,,rhode ,,island--,providence ,all of the ,state of ,rhode ,island ,providence1 ,newport4 ,,connecticut--,bridgeport ,all of the ,state of ,connecticut ,hartford1 ,new ,haven1 ,new ,london1 ,stonington1 ,middletown1 ,south ,manchester1 ,bridgeport1 ,stamford1 ,greenwich1 ,norwalk4 ,,st4 ,,lawrence--,ogdensburg ,state of ,new ,york1 to include all of the counties of ,clinton1 ,essex1 ,franklin1 ,st4 ,lawrence1 ,jefferson1 and ,lewis ,ogdensburg1 ,nyando1 ,morristown1 ,rouses ,point1 ,malone1 ,fort ,covington1 ,plattsburg1 ,champlain1 ,chateaugay1 ,moores ,junction1 ,waddington1 ,cape ,vincent1 ,alexandria ,bay1 ,chaumont1 ,clayton4 ,,rochester--,rochester ,all of the counties of ,oswego1 ,oneida1 ,onondaga1 ,cayuga1 ,seneca1 ,wayne1 ,broome1 ,tompkins1 ,chenango1 ,madison1 ,cortland1 ,hamilton1 ,schuyler1 ,chemung1 ,herkimer1 ,monroe1 ,ontario1 ,livingston1 ,yates1 ,steuben1 ,orleans1 ,genesee1 and ,wyoming ,rochester1 ,oswego1 ,utica1 ,syracuse1 ,charlotte1 ,fair ,haven1 ,sodus ,point4 ,,buffalo--,buffalo ,all of the counties of ,niagara1 ,erie1 ,cattaraugus1 and ,chautauqua ,buffalo1 ,niagara ,falls1 ,north ,tonawanda 7including ,tonawanda71 ,dunkirk1 ,lewiston4 ,,new ,,york--,new ,york ,to include all that part of the ,state of ,new ,york not expressly included in the districts of ,st4 ,lawrence1 ,rochester1 and ,buffalo1 and also to include the counties of ,sussex1 ,passaic1 ,hudson1 ,bergen1 ,essex1 ,union1 ,middlesex1 and ,monmouth1 in the ,state of ,new ,jersey ,new ,york1 ,newark1 ,perth ,amboy1 ,patchogue1 ,greenport1 ,albany4 ,,philadelphia--,philadelphia ,to include all that part of the ,state of ,pennsylvania lying east of #gi west longitude1 all of the ,state of ,delaware1 and all of that part of the ,state of ,new ,jersey not included in the district of ,new ,york ,philadelphia 7to include ,camden and ,gloucester ,city1 ,n4 ,j471 ,somers ,point1 ,thompsons ,point1 ,tuckerton1 ,chester1 ,wilmington1 ,lewes4 ,,pittsburgh--,pittsburgh ,to include all of the ,state of ,west ,virginia and all of the ,state of ,pennsylvania lying west of #gi west longitude1 except the county of ,erie ,pittsburgh1 ,wheeling4 ,,maryland--,baltimore ,to include all of the ,state of ,maryland1 the ,district of ,columbia1 and the county of ,alexandria in the ,state of ,virginia ,baltimore1 ,washington1 ,crisfield1 ,annapolis1 ,alexandria4 ,,virginia--,norfolk ,to include all of the ,state of ,virginia1 except the county of ,alexandria 7,the port of ,norfolk shall include both of said cities and the waters and shores of ,hampton ,roads7 ,norfolk1 ,newport ,news1 ,richmond1 ,petersburg1 ,cape ,charles ,city1 ,chincoteague1 ,reedville4 ,,north ,,carolina--,wilmington ,to include all of the ,state of ,north ,carolina ,wilmington1 ,elizabeth ,city1 ,newbern1 ,manteo1 ,beaufort4 ,,south ,,carolina--,charleston ,all of the ,state of ,south ,carolina ,charleston1 ,georgetown1 ,beaufort4 ,,georgia--,savannah ,all of the ,state of ,georgia except the north shore of the ,st4 ,marys ,river and the city of ,st4 ,marys ,savannah1 ,brunswick1 ,darien1 ,atlanta4 ,,florida--,tampa ,all of the ,state of ,florida and the north bank of the ,st4 ,marys ,river and the city of ,st4 ,marys1 ,ga4 ,tampa 7including ,port ,tampa71 ,key ,west1 ,punta ,gorda1 ,boca ,grande1 ,miami1 ,jacksonville1 ,pensacola1 ,st4 ,andrews1 ,st4 ,augustine1 ,fernandina 7including ,st4 ,marys1 ,ga471 ,cedar ,keys1 ,port ,inglis1 ,apalachicola1 ,carrabelle4 ,,mobile--,mobile ,all of the ,state of ,alabama and all that part of the ,state of ,mississippi lying south of #ca north latitude ,mobile1 ,birmingham1 ,gulfport1 ,scranton4 ,,new ,,orleans--,new ,orleans ,all of the ,state of ,louisiana and all that part of the ,state of ,mississippi lying north of #ca north latitude ,new ,orleans1 ,morgan ,city4 ,,sabine--,port ,arthur ,to include the following territory2 ,beginning on the ,gulf of ,mexico at the center of the stream of ,sabine ,pass2 thence north with the center of the stream of ,sabine ,pass to ,sabine ,lake2 thence with the center of the stream of ,sabine ,lake to a point directly opposite to the ,sabine ,river2 thence north with the east shore of the ,sabine ,river to the north boundary line of ,shelby ,county1 ,tex42 thence west to the ,neches ,river2 thence down said river with its west shore to a north boundary line of ,jefferson ,county1 thence in a westerly direction with the said north boundary line to the east boundary line of ,liberty ,county1 ,tex42 thence south to the ,gulf of ,mexico2 thence in an easterly direction along the ,gulf shores to the place of beginning ,port ,arthur1 ,sabine4 ,,galveston--,galveston ,all of the ,state of ,texas except the territory included in the districts of ,sabine1 ,laredo1 ,el ,paso1 and ,eagle ,pass ,galveston 7including ,port ,bolivar and ,texas ,city71 ,san ,antonio1 ,dallas1 ,houston1 ,port ,lavaca4 ,,laredo--,laredo ,all of the counties of ,cameron1 ,hidalgo1 ,starr1 ,nueces1 ,zapata1 ,duval1 ,brooks1 ,willacy1 ,jim ,wells1 ,aransas1 ,webb1 ,la ,salle1 ,dimmit1 ,mc,mullen1 ,live ,oak1 ,bee1 ,refugio1 and ,san ,patricio in the ,state of ,texas ,laredo1 ,brownsville1 ,rio ,grande ,city1 ,corpus ,christi1 ,roma1 ,santa ,maria4 ,,el ,,paso--,el ,paso ,all the counties of ,el ,paso and ,culberson in the ,state of ,texas and all of the ,state of ,new ,mexico ,el ,paso1 ,columbus1 ,new ,mexico4 ,,eagle ,,pass--,eagle ,pass ,all of the counties in the ,state of ,texas lying along and contiguous to the ,rio ,grande ,river not included in the districts of ,laredo and ,el ,paso ,eagle ,pass1 ,boquillas1 ,del ,rio1 ,presidio4 ,,arizona--,nogales ,all of the ,state of ,arizona ,nogales1 ,naco1 ,yuma1 ,douglas4 ,,southern ,,california--,los ,angeles ,all that part of the ,state of ,california1 lying south of #ce north latitude ,los ,angeles1 ,san ,pedro1 ,san ,diego1 ,calexico1 ,campo1 ,tia ,juana4 ,,san ,,francisco--,san ,francisco ,all that part of the ,state of ,california lying north of #ce north latitude ,san ,francisco 7including ,oakland71 ,eureka1 ,port ,harford4 ,,oregon--,portland ,all of the ,state of ,oregon ,portland1 ,astoria1 ,newport1 ,empire4 ,,washington--,seattle ,all of the ,state of ,washington ,seattle1 ,port ,townsend1 ,aberdeen1 ,anacortes1 ,bellingham1 ,blaine1 ,chopaka1 ,danville1 ,everett1 ,ferry1 ,friday ,harbor1 ,laurier1 ,molson1 ,northport1 ,port ,angeles1 ,roche ,harbor1 ,south ,bend1 ,spokane1 ,somas1 ,tacoma4 ,,alaska--,juneau ,all of the ,territory of ,alaska ,juneau1 ,eagle1 ,ketchikan1 ,cordova1 ,sulzer1 ,st4 ,michael1 ,skagway1 ,unalaska1 ,wrangell1 ,fortymile1 ,fairbanks1 ,nome4 ,,hawaii--,honolulu ,all of the territory of ,hawaii ,honolulu1 ,hilo1 ,kahului1 ,kaloa1 ,mahukona4 ,,montana ,,and ,,idaho--,great ,falls ,all of the ,states of ,montana and ,idaho ,great ,falls1 ,eastport1 ,port ,hill1 ,plentywood1 ,sweetgrass1 ,gateway4 ,,dakota--,pembina ,all of the ,states of ,north and ,south ,dakota and the county of ,kittsen in the ,state of ,minnesota ,pembina1 ,noyes1 ,st4 ,vincent1 ,portal1 ,st4 ,john1 ,hannah1 ,neche1 ,ambrose1 ,souris1 ,walhalla1 ,sarles1 ,sherwood1 ,hansboro1 ,crosby1 ,antler4 ,,minnesota--,st4 ,paul1 ,minneapolis ,state of ,minnesota1 lying south of #df north latitude ,st4 ,paul1 ,minneapolis4 ,,duluth ,,and ,,superior--,duluth and ,superior ,all of the ,state of ,minnesota1 except the county of ,kittsen1 lying north of #df north latitude and all of the ,state of ,wisconsin lying north of said latitude1 and the island of ,isle ,royal1 in the ,state of ,michigan 7,the port of ,duluth and ,superior shall include both of said cities and ,west ,superior7 ,duluth1 ,superior1 ,international ,falls1 ,warroad1 ,ranier1 ,two ,harbors1 ,ashland1 ,isle ,royal4 ,,wisconsin--,milwaukee ,all of the ,state of ,wisconsin lying south of #df north latitude ,milwaukee1 ,green ,bay1 ,kenosha1 ,kewaunee1 ,manitowoc1 ,marinette 7including ,menominee71 ,racine1 ,sheboygan1 ,sturgeon ,bay4 ,,michigan--,detroit ,all of the ,state of ,michigan ,detroit1 ,port ,huron1 ,saginaw1 ,alpena1 ,bay ,city1 ,marine ,city1 ,st4 ,clair1 ,grand ,rapids1 ,grand ,haven1 ,charlevoix1 ,ludington1 ,manistee1 ,manistique1 ,muskegon1 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,petoskey1 ,sault ,ste4 ,marie1 ,cheboygan1 ,mackinaw1 ,detour1 ,escanaba1 ,gladstone1 ,houghton1 ,marquette4 ,,chicago--,chicago ,all of the ,stale of ,illinois lying north of #ci north latitude and all that part of the ,state of ,indiana lying north of #da north latitude ,chicago1 ,peoria1 ,michigan ,city4 ,,indiana--,indianapolis ,all of the ,state of ,indiana lying south of #da of north latitude ,indianapolis1 ,evansville4 ,,ohio--,cleveland ,all of the ,state of ,ohio and the county of ,erie in the ,state of ,pennsylvania ,cleveland1 ,conneaut1 ,ashtabula1 ,fairport1 ,lorain1 ,sandusky1 ,put-in-,bay1 ,toledo1 ,cincinnati1 ,columbus1 ,dayton and ,erie1 ,corry1 ,pa4 ,,kentucky--,louisville ,all of the ,state of ,kentucky ,louisville1 ,paducah4 ,,tennessee--,memphis ,all of the ,state of ,tennessee ,memphis1 ,nashville1 ,chattanooga1 ,knoxville4 ,,iowa--,des ,moines ,all of the ,state of ,iowa ,des ,moines1 ,sioux ,city1 ,dubuque4 ,,st4 ,,louis--,st4 ,louis ,all of the ,states of ,missouri1 ,kansas1 ,arkansas1 and ,oklahoma1 and all that part of the ,state of ,illinois lying south of #ci north latitude ,st4 ,louis 7including ,east ,st4 ,louis71 ,kansas ,city1 ,cairo1 ,ill41 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mo4 ,,omaha--,omaha ,all of the ,states of ,nebraska and ,wyoming ,omaha1 ,lincoln4 ,,colorado--,denver ,all of the ,state of ,colorado ,denver4 ,,utah ,,and ,,nevada--,salt ,lake ,city ,all of the ,states of ,utah and ,nevada ,salt ,lake ,city4 ,,porto ,,rico--,san ,juan ,the island of ,porto ,rico ,san ,juan1 ,humacao1 ,aguadilla1 ,mayaguez1 ,arecibo1 ,arroyo1 ,fajardo1 ,ponce1 ,guanica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the use of the terms port of delivery and subport of entry has been discontinued1 and all ports of entry1 sub-ports of entry1 and ports of delivery not above specifically mentioned as ports of entry1 abolished4 ,the privileges of the first and seventh sections of the act of ,june #aj1 #ahhj1 commonly known as the immediate transportation act1 remain as heretofore existing with respect to the ports of entry4 ,ports at which merchandise may be entered for transportation to other ports without appraisement under the act of ,june #aj1 #ahhj ,alburg1 ,vt4 ,astoria1 ,ore4 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,bangor1 ,me4 ,bath1 ,me4 ,bay ,city1 ,mich4 ,beecher ,falls1 ,vt4 ,blaine1 ,wash4 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,brownsville1 ,tex4 ,brunswick1 ,ga4 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,burlington1 ,vt4 ,calais1 ,me4 ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c4 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,duluth1 ,minn4 ,eagle ,pass1 ,tex4 ,eastport1 ,idaho4 ,eastport1 ,me4 ,el ,paso1 ,tex4 ,everett1 ,wash4 ,fernandina1 ,fla4 ,galveston1 ,tex4 ,gladstone1 ,mich4 ,honolulu1 ,t4 ,h4 ,island ,pond1 ,vt4 ,key ,west1 ,fla4 ,knights ,key1 ,fla4 ,laredo1 ,tex4 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal4 ,malone1 ,n4 ,y4 ,marquette1 ,mich4 ,miami1 ,fla4 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 ,mobile1 ,ala4 ,new ,london1 ,conn4 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 ,newport1 ,vt4 ,newport ,news1 ,va4 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,niagara ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,nogales1 ,ariz4 ,norfolk1 ,va4 ,nyando1 ,n4 ,y4 ,ogdensburg1 ,n4 ,y4 ,pembina1 ,n4 ,dak4 ,pensacola1 ,fla4 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,port ,arthur1 ,tex4 ,port ,huron1 ,mich4 ,portal1 ,n4 ,dak4 ,portland1 ,me4 ,portland1 ,ore4 ,port ,townsend1 ,wash4 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,ranier1 ,minn4 ,richford1 ,vt4 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,rouses ,point1 ,n4 ,y4 ,st4 ,albans1 ,vt4 ,st4 ,vincent1 ,minn4 ,san ,diego1 ,cal4 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,sault ,ste4 ,marie1 ,mich4 ,savannah1 ,ga4 ,seattle1 ,wash4 ,sioux ,city1 ,iowa4 ,sumas1 ,wash4 ,tacoma1 ,wash4 ,tampa1 ,fla4 ,texas ,city1 ,tex4 ,toledo1 ,ohio4 ,van ,buren1 ,me4 ,vanceboro1 ,me4 ,wilmington1 ,n4 ,c4 ,ports to which merchandise may be transported without appraisement under the act of ,june #aj1 #ahhj ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,astoria1 ,ore4 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,bangor1 ,me4 ,bath1 ,me4 ,bellingham1 ,wash4 ,birmingham1 ,ala4 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,burlington1 ,vt4 ,calais1 ,me4 ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c4 ,chattanooga1 ,tenn4 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,coal ,city1 ,ill4 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,corry1 ,pa4 ,council ,bluffs1 ,iowa4 ,dallas1 ,tex4 ,dayton1 ,ohio4 ,denver1 ,colo4 ,des ,moines1 ,iowa4 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,dubuque1 ,iowa4 ,duluth1 ,minn4 ,dunkirk1 ,n4 ,y4 ,durango1 ,colo4 ,durham1 ,n4 ,c4 ,eagle ,pass1 ,tex4 ,eastport1 ,me4 ,el ,paso1 ,tex4 ,enfield1 ,conn4 ,erie1 ,pa4 ,evansville1 ,ind4 ,everett1 ,wash4 ,fall ,river1 ,mass4 ,galveston1 ,tex4 ,gladstone1 ,mich4 ,gloucester1 ,mass4 ,grand ,haven1 ,mich4 ,grand ,rapids1 ,mich4 ,green ,bay1 ,wis4 ,greenwich1 ,conn4 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,honolulu1 ,hawaii4 ,houston1 ,tex4 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,jacksonville1 ,fla4 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 ,key ,west1 ,fla4 ,knoxvile1 ,tenn4 ,laredo1 ,tex4 ,leadville1 ,colo4 ,lincoln1 ,nebr4 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal4 ,louisville1 ,ky4 ,marquette1 ,mich4 ,memphis1 ,tenn4 ,middletown1 ,conn4 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 ,minneapolis1 ,minn4 ,mobile1 ,ala4 ,nashville1 ,tenn4 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 ,new ,bedford1 ,mass4 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 ,newport1 ,r4 ,i4 ,newport ,news1 ,va4 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,niagara ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,nogales1 ,ariz4 ,norfolk1 ,va4 ,norwalk1 ,conn4 ,oakland1 ,cal4 ,ocala1 ,fla4 ,ogdensburg1 ,n4 ,y4 ,omaha1 ,nebr4 ,peoria1 ,ill4 ,perth ,amboy1 ,n4 ,j4 ,petersburg1 ,va4 ,petoskey1 ,mich4 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,port ,arthur1 ,tex4 ,port ,huron1 ,mich4 ,portland1 ,me4 ,portland1 ,ore4 ,portsmouth1 ,n4 ,h4 ,port ,townsend1 ,wash4 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,pueblo1 ,colo4 ,richmond1 ,va4 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,st4 ,augustine1 ,fla4 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mo4 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,st4 ,paul1 ,minn4 ,sabine ,pass1 ,tex4 ,saginaw1 ,mich4 ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah4 ,san ,antonio1 ,tex4 ,san ,diego1 ,cal4 ,sandusky1 ,ohio4 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,sault ,ste4 ,marie1 ,mich4 ,savannah1 ,ga4 ,seattle1 ,wash4 ,sioux ,city1 ,iowa4 ,south ,manchester1 ,conn4 ,spokane1 ,wash4 ,springfield1 ,mass4 ,stamford1 ,conn4 ,superior1 ,wis4 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,tacoma1 ,wash4 ,tampa1 ,fla4 ,titusville1 ,pa4 ,toledo1 ,ohio4 ,utica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,vanceboro1 ,me4 ,vernon 7,rockville71 ,conn4 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,wilmington1 ,del4 ,wilmington1 ,n4 ,c4 ,worcester1 ,mass4 ,list of ports at which bonded warehouses are established ,apalachicola1 ,fla4 ,atlanta1 ,ga4 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,bangor1 ,me4 ,bath1 ,me4 ,belfast1 ,me4 ,bonners ,ferry1 ,mont4 ,boothbay1 ,me4 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,bridgeport1 ,conn4 ,brownsville1 ,tex4 ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,burlington1 ,vt4 ,cape ,vincent1 ,n4 ,y4 ,castine1 ,me4 ,chattanooga1 ,tenn4 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,denver1 ,colo4 ,detroit1 ,mich4 ,duluth1 ,minn4 ,durham1 ,n4 ,c4 ,eagle ,pass1 ,tex4 ,eastport1 ,me4 ,el ,paso1 ,tex4 ,erie1 ,pa4 ,evansville1 ,ind4 ,everett1 ,wash4 ,fall ,river1 ,mass4 ,galveston1 ,tex4 ,gloucester1 ,mass4 ,grand ,rapids1 ,mich4 ,great ,falls1 ,mont4 ,green ,bay1 ,wis4 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,honolulu1 ,hawaii4 ,indianapolis1 ,ind4 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 ,key ,west1 ,fla4 ,laredo1 ,tex4 ,lincoln1 ,nebr4 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal4 ,louisville1 ,ky4 ,minneapolis1 ,minn4 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,new ,london1 ,conn4 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 ,newport ,news1 ,va4 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 ,new ,york4 ,niagara ,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,nogales1 ,ariz4 ,ogdensburg1 ,n4 ,y4 ,omaha1 ,nebr4 ,oswego1 ,n4 ,y4 ,pensacola1 ,fla4 ,perth ,amboy1 ,n4 ,j4 ,petersburg1 ,va4 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,plattsburg1 ,n4 ,y4 ,port ,huron1 ,mich4 ,portland1 ,me4 ,portland1 ,ore4 ,portsmouth1 ,n4 ,h4 ,port ,townsend1 ,wash4 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,provincetown1 ,mass4 ,richmond1 ,va4 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,mo4 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,st4 ,michael1 ,alaska4 ,st4 ,paul1 ,minn4 ,saginaw1 ,mich4 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,san ,antonio1 ,tex4 ,san ,diego1 ,cal4 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal4 ,san ,juan1 ,p4 ,r4 ,savannah1 ,ga4 ,seattle1 ,wash4 ,sioux ,city1 ,iowa4 ,skagway1 ,alaska4 ,spokane1 ,wash4 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,tacoma1 ,wash4 ,tampa1 ,fla4 ,toledo1 ,ohio4 ,utica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,list of ports where the custom-house premises are used for the storage of imported goods in bond ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,aguadilla1 ,p4 ,r4 ,arecibo1 ,p4 ,r4 ,arroyo1 ,p4 ,r4 ,bangor1 ,me4 ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c4 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,fajardo1 ,p4 ,r4 ,guanica1 ,p4 ,r4 ,humacao1 ,p4 ,r4 ,jacksonville1 ,fla4 ,marquette1 ,mich4 ,mayaguez1 ,p4 ,r4 ,memphis1 ,tenn4 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 ,nashville1 ,tenn4 ,norfolk1 ,va4 ,peoria1 ,ill4 ,ponce1 ,p4 ,r4 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,st4 ,augustine1 ,fla4 ,sandusky1 ,ohio4 ,san ,juan1 ,p4 ,r4 ,springfield1 ,mass4 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 7,georgetown7 ,wilmington1 ,del4 ,,appendix ,b ,,the ,,sea ,,library ,the books an officer should have1 and study1 are appended4 ,bowditch's ,american ,practical ,navigator4 ,the ,navigator's ,bible4 ,lecky's ,wrinkles in ,practical ,navigation4 ,no comment needed4 ,an officer who does not know this book--well1 he is simply not all there as an officer4 ,bradford's ,whys and ,wherefores of ,navigation4 ,an ,american book1 of intimate and interesting information on the subject of navigation4 ,if you want to know why1 own and study ,bradford1 it is a book for the man who likes to thoroughly understand his subject--simple1 clear1 complete4 ,jacoby's ,navigation4 ,a good book for the beginner4 ,knight's ,seamanship4 ,the best ,american work on seamanship1 naval and merchant service4 ,the chapters on ship handling and the higher problems of seamanship are exceptionally good4 ,todd and ,whall's ,seamanship4 ,the best book to date for the merchantman4 ,walton's ,know ,your ,own ,ship4 ,information about vessels that every officer aboard ship should possess4 ,white's ,oil ,tank ,steamers4 ,an excellent work by an officer who knows his subject4 ,allingham's ,weather ,signs and ,how to ,read ,them4 ,index ,page numbers in bold-face type indicate reference to the ,navigation ,laws4 ,a ,abandonment of seamen1 #big ,able seamen1 duties1 #bcf-bdj ,advance1 #bfe ,agreement1 form of1 #bda-bdb in coasting trade1 #bef in foreign trade1 #bdi1 #bej ,allingham1 #cjd ,allotment of wages1 #bfe1 #bff1 #bfg ,alongside1 #if ,amendments to ,rule ,v1 #aee ,amplitudes1 #aha ,anchor watch1 #gd ,anchorage data1 #gc ,anchoring1 #ie ,application for register1 #i ,apprentices1 #bdd1 #bdh1 #bdi ,arbitration1 #bgj ,arms1 export to ,american countries1 #fa sale of1 #fb ,arson1 #bie ,assault1 #bic ,assistance at sea1 #fb1 #fc ,average1 general1 #ea1 #eb ,awnings1 #gg ,b ,baggage1 #abi ,barratry1 #bih ,berth1 fair or foul1 #ge ,bills of lading1 #ge1 #hd ,boarding1 #bd1 #be1 #bf ,boat covers1 #gg falls1 #ajh handling1 #aje ,boatswain1 #gh duties1 #bcd1 #bce ,boatswain's stores1 #gg ,bond1 general libel1 #eg1 #eh ,books1 #cjd ,bowditch1 #cjd ,bradford1 #cjd ,bribery1 #ej1 #ea ,bridge1 persons allowed on1 #agj ,bullion and coin1 #ba ,buoys1 #aaa ,c ,cadets1 laws1 duties1 #ade ,captain1 call1 #agi ,cargo1 battens1 #gi care of1 #hb chilled beef1 #hg comparison of cargo and manifest1 #ci clusters1 #gd1 #ge coal-trimming1 #he coal-ventilation1 #he cotton1 #hf damage to1 #hc delivery in various districts1 #cc1 #cd diagrams1 #ge1 #hd duty to1 #hb explosive1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg1 #fh1 #fi1 #gj1 #ga ,cargo1 frozen1 #hg gear1 #ge1 #hj general1 #hg1 #hh grain1 #hf in bulk1 #ca inflammable1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg1 #fh1 #fi1 #gj1 #ga kinds1 #hd munitions1 #hi ore1 #he pilfering1 #hc re-export1 #ca returns of unlading1 #dg1 #dh special1 #hh stowage1 #hc ventilation1 #hd wet coal1 #he ,carpenter1 #gc1 #gh duties1 #bca-bcb1 #bcc stores1 #gg ,cask fenders1 #gd ,casting away vessels1 #bii ,ceiling1 #gi ,chafe1 #gd ,chief ,mate1 the1 #gb coastwise1 #afb duties1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge duties at sea1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajb duties in port1 #gh examination1 #afa ,license1 #adi qualifications1 #gb reports for duty1 #gb service1 #aei ,vessel in stream1 #gc ,charts1 pilot1 #aha ,clearance1 form of1 #bj ,clothing1 exempt from attachment1 #bfg ,coal1 #ce ,coaling1 #ig gear1 #gg ,cork fenders1 #gd ,cost data1 #hi ,collision1 #age ,coming alongside1 #if to anchor1 #ie ,complaints re provisions1 #ab ,construction1 future1 #aje ,conventions1 #bfi ,corporal punishment1 #bij ,crew1 #gf failure to produce1 #bec ill treatment of1 #big papers relating to1 #bed quarters1 inspection1 #ge ,crimes1 #bia-cjj ,d ,dangerous conditions1 #agf ,davits1 test of1 #ajf1 #ajg ,death from negligence1 #afi negligence1 misconduct1 #bid ,deck1 #agh crew1 #gh engineer1 #gc room1 #aae ,delivery1 ports of1 #bi1 ,app4 ,a ,desertion1 abroad1 #bfh of foreign seamen in ,u4 ,s41 #bfh ,discharge1 #bde ,discharging1 #ge ,discharge in foreign ports1 #beh in foreign trade1 #beg ,discipline at sea1 #bhf-bhg ,distress1 vessels in1 #dh1 #di ,docking1 notes on1 #ii1 #ajj ,docking plan1 #ih ,dodgers1 #gg ,draft1 #ge ,drift lead1 #gd ,dry dock1 entering1 #ih blue prints1 #ih ,e ,engagement1 period of1 #bea ,engineer's license1 #aej ,entry and clearance1 #ah of merchandise1 #bg1 #ch ,ports of1 #bh1 ,app4 ,a post1 #dg ,examinations1 ,chief and second mate coastwise1 #afd master1 #aef original license1 #aec ,third mate coastwise1 #afe ,exemption1 militia duty1 #bda of private property at sea1 #fb ,export of arms1 #fa merchandise laden for1 #cb transfer of imported merchandise1 #cb ,f ,fees1 #ba ,fellow-servant clause1 #bhc ,fire-fighting equipment1 #ib ,fire lines1 #ge ,fire1 protection against1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe ,flogging1 #bij ,forgery1 #bif ,freeboard1 #hc ,g ,gangway1 #gd ,general average1 #ea-eb ,general libel bond1 #eg1 #eh ,great ,lakes1 licenses1 #aff crimes on1 #cjj ,ground tackle1 #id ,gun1 drill with line carrying1 #aac line carrying1 #aab tests1 #aab ,h ,harbor defenses1 #fa regulations1 #ib ,harter ,act1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg ,hatch battens1 #gf covers1 #gf ,hawsers1 #gg ,heaving in1 #ie lines1 #gd ,holds1 #ge preparation to receive cargo1 #gh1 #gi1 #hj ,hose1 on foc's'le1 #gc ,i ,ice1 #agf obstruction by1 #di ,illegal boarding1 #bd unlading1 #ci1 #dj ,inland licenses1 #afe ,rules of road1 #ahe-bbb waters--limits1 #bbb-bbh ,inspection of inward manifests by boarding officers1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #ch ,instructions for gun and rocket apparatus1 #aac ,insurance1 war risk1 #bhc1 #bhd1 #bhe ,international ,rules of ,road1 #ahd-bbj ,inventories1 #gf ,invoices1 #hd ,j ,jacoby1 navigation1 #cjd ,junior officers1 duties1 #acc ,jurisdiction over seamen1 #bgg1 #bgh1 #bgi ,k ,keys1 #ib ,keys1 master1 #ib ,knight1 #cjd ,l ,larceny1 #bie ,laws effecting duties of master1 #i ,lecky1 #cjd ,log books1 #ae1 #af1 #ag ,look out1 #agf ,liability of owners1 masters1 shippers1 #ec1 #ed1 #ee ,libel bond1 general1 #eg1 #eh ,licenses1 duration of1 #adg renewal of1 #aed ,liens for freight or general average1 #ea1 #eb ,lifeboats1 care of1 #ajh equipment1 #ajc how carried1 #aje launching1 #ajh manning1 #ajh-aji marking of1 #ajg men1 certificated1 #ajh-aji provisions1 #ajd ,life buoys1 ring1 #aaa preservers1 #aaa rafts1 equipment1 #aaj care of1 #aaj manning1 #aji marking1 #aaj saving equipment1 #gg1 #id #aje ,lighters1 #gc ,lights1 running1 #agi ,live stock1 #ij ,lodgers1 #bgj ,luminous buoys1 #aaa ,m ,mail1 #abi ,manifest1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #bg1 #bh1 #cj1 #ca ,manning of merchant vessels1 #bhj1 #bha1 #bhb ,manslaughter1 #bib ,mast covers1 #gg ,master1 the1 #a acting as pilot1 #aea always in command1 #d articles1 #b authority over pilot1 #d authority to protect lives and property1 #h ,master1 authority to suspend officers1 #h cannot delegate responsibility1 #d certificate of inspection1 #g change of1 #i charter1 #d coaling1 #b coastwise1 #aeg correct lading1 #c course of vessel1 #g declaration of1 #bi1 #cj delivery of specie and cargo1 #c departure1 #g disaster1 #h drills1 #g duties1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h enters and clears1 #c examination1 #aef general management of vessel1 #b insurance1 #c keeps official log1 #b keeps wage account1 #d last to leave ship1 #h laws1 must be familiar with1 #c of port1 #e liability1 #ec1 #ed1 #ee1 #afi license1 #adi licensed engineer officer on duty1 #c licensed officer always in charge1 #d live stock1 #e maneuvering vessel1 #c medicine chest1 #c navigator1 #e navigation laws1 #h oath-manifest1 #ah oath of citizenship1 #i official log book1 #e passengers1 #d1 #g property of deceased persons1 #g punishments to crew1 #e qualifications1 #b removal of1 #aeb report to ,u4 ,s4 ,local ,inspectors1 #g represents owner1 #d report on accidents1 #g responsibilities1 #a1 #b1 #d rules of road1 #e safe carrying of mail1 #d navigation1 #b sail1 #aeh scale of provisions1 #c service required1 #aee ship's log book1 #g ship must be well found1 #b skill1 #h slop chest1 #c smuggling1 #e ,mate1 acting as pilot1 #aea ,mayhem1 #bid ,medicines and anti-scorbutics1 #ad ,merchandise1 fraudulent importation1 #ej salvage of1 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,steamer's name on equipment1 #aad ,steel strongbacks1 #gf ,stevedores1 #hb ,stolen property1 #bie ,stores1 receiving1 #ib ,storm oil1 #aac ,supervising ,inspector ,general1 ,recommendations1 #ahj ,t ,tank steamers1 #ij-ia ,tarpaulins1 #gf1 #gg ,telegraph1 #gc ,third mate1 #gh1 #aca1 #acb1 #afa1 #afb1 #afd ,todd and ,whall1 #cjd ,torpedoes1 #fa ,treaties1 #bfi ,trial1 place of1 #bia ,turning to1 #ib1 #ic ,twin screws1 #gd ,u ,undermanning1 #bhc ,unloading by day1 #db1 #dc by night1 #dj supervision of1 #dc1 #dd1 #de time limit for1 #df ,upkeep1 #ic ,unseaworthy vessels1 #bhc ,u4 ,s4 ,local ,inspectors1 #g ,supervising ,inspectors1 rules relating to life saving1 #ajc ,v ,ventilator covers1 #gg ,vessel alongside1 #gd casting away1 #bii ,vessels1 different types1 #gf exempt from entry1 #cd in distress1 #dh1 #di ,vessels1 overtaken1 #agi plundering1 #bii unseaworthy1 #bhc ,w ,wages1 #bfj-bfe exempt from attachment1 #bfg ,walton1 #cjd ,war documents1 #bb1 #bc ,warmth and clothing1 #ae ,war risk insurance1 #bhc1 #bhd1 #bhe ,war zone1 #agi precautions1 #aje ,waterline1 striking1 #ajj ,water plugs1 #ge ,watch officer1 #afg duty1 #afg in port1 #ahc not citizens1 #adg ,watch-relieving1 #agj rest before going on1 #afi ,watches1 three1 #afh ,wedges1 #gf ,weights and measures1 #ac of persons1 #ajg ,whistle signals1 #ha ,white1 #cjd ,windlass notes1 #gc ,wooden steamers1 #hf warehouse1 #gd ,working boat1 #gd cargo1 #ha ,work of ,chief mate1 #gf ,wrecking1 #bih ,z ,zig-zag1 #ahj ,,by ,,the ,,same ,,author ,,under ,,sail ,a narrative of the old square-rigger sailing ship days1 detailing the story of a voyage around ,cape ,horn to ,honolulu and back to ,new ,york in the ,american three skysail yarder ,a4 ,j4 ,fuller in #ahig-h4 ,,in ,,press ,,the ,,literature of ,,naval ,,and ,,marine ,,science ,on our shelves is the most complete stock of technical1 industrial1 engineering and scientific books in the ,united ,states4 ,the technical literature of every branch of naval architecture1 construction1 ordnance1 marine engineering1 seamanship and navigation is well represented1 as well as are the various other related subjects4 ,a large number of these we publish and for an ever increasing number we are the sole agents4 ,illustration3 ,publisher's ,mark ,all ,our ,inquiries are ,cheerfully and ,carefully ,answered and ,complete ,catalogs as well as ,special ,lists are ,sent ,free on ,request ,d4 ,,van ,,nostrand ,,company ,publishers and ,booksellers #be ,,park ,,place ,,new ,,york ,,van ,,nostrand',s ,,nautical ,,manuals #age ,pages #e #g ,postpaid1 #b4jj ,the ,whys and ,wherefores of ,navigation ,by ,,gershom ,,bradford1 #b;d4 ,navigating ,officer and ,senior ,instructor ,new ,york ,state ,nautical ,schoolship ,newport ,late ,nautical ,expert ,hydrographic ,office1 ,u4,s4,n4 ,,contents3 ,nautical ,astronomy4 ,declination4 ,right ,ascension4 ,precession of the ,equinoxes4 ,time4 ,sidereal ,time4 ,equation of ,time4 ,calendar4 ,corrections for ,observed ,altitude4 ,index ,correction4 ,semi-diameter4 ,refraction4 ,dip4 ,parallax4 ,circum or ,ex-,meridian ,altitude4 ,polaris4 ,observations for the ,correction of the ,compass4 ,longitude4 ,sumner ,method4 ,the ,new ,navigation4 ,the ,moon4 ,charts4 ,an ,american book of intimate and interesting information on the subject of ,navigation4 ,if you want to know why1 own and study ,bradford4 ,it is a book for the man who likes to understand his subject thoroughly--simple1 clear1 complete4 ,,van ,,nostrand',s ,,military ,,books #bca ,pages #ea ,plates--,many in ,colors ,pocket ,size ,price #a4jj ,,military and ,,naval ,,recognition ,,book ,a handbook on the organization1 insignia of rank1 and customs of the service of the ,world's ,important ,armies and ,navies4 ,,by ,lieut4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,bunkley ,u4 ,s4 ,navy ,a complete1 correct and fully illustrated guide to the insignia of our army and navy as well as of those of the nations engaged in the war1 compiled from official sources and useful alike to civilians as well as to the ,army and ,navy4 ,you will need this book to help you recognize our boys at home and to distinguish the other boys over there4 ,d4 ,,van ,,nostrand ,,company ,,headquarters ,,since #ahfj for ,,military ,,and ,,naval ,,books #be ,park ,place ,,new ,,york ,,van ,,nostrand',s ,,naval ,,books #gcj ,pages #f #i ,postpaid #f4ej #aei ,full ,page ,plates #aj ,color ,plates ,modern ,seamanship ,by ,admiral ,austin ,m4 ,knight1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 ,,seventh ,,edition ,,revised ,,and ,,enlarged ,,contents--,the ,hull and ,fittings of a ,ship4 ,rope4 ,knotting and ,splicing4 ,mechanical ,appliances on ,shipboard4 ,blocks and ,tackles4 ,handling ,heavy ,weights4 ,compass4 ,log and ,lead4 ,submarine ,signals4 ,boats4 ,handling ,boats in a ,surf4 ,ground ,tackle4 ,carrying ,out ,anchors4 ,the ,steering of ,steamers4 ,the ,rules of the ,road4 ,manoeuvering to ,avoid ,collision4 ,piloting4 ,handling a ,steamer ,alongside a ,dock4 ,placing a ,ship in a ,dry ,dock4 ,weather and the ,laws of ,storms4 ,handling ,steamers in ,heavy ,weather4 ,the ,handling of ,torpedo ,vessels4 ,keeping ,stations and ,manoeuvring in ,squadron4 ,towing4 ,rescuing the ,crew of a ,wreck4 ,man ,overboard4 ,stranding4 ,hints for ,junior ,officers ,doing ,line ,duty4 ,appendix4 ,the official text book at the ,u4 ,s4 ,naval ,academy and in use throughout the service4 ,describes the handling of all vessels1 men-of-war1 merchantmen1 naval auxiliaries and small boats4 ,,van ,,nostrand',s ,,nautical ,,manuals #aej ,illustrations #e #g about #djj pp4 ,in ,press ,,handbook ,,for ,,the ,,care ,,and ,,operation ,,of ,,naval ,,machinery ,by ,comm4 ,h4 ,c4 ,,dinger1 ,u4 ,s4 ,navy ,third ,edition1 ,revised and ,enlarged by ,lieut4 ,comm4 ,h4 ,t4 ,dyer1 ,u4,s4,n4 ,this new1 revised and enlarged edition will be of use to all engineers and will help any one that has to do with nautical matters4 ,the explanations and definitions are so plain that save in a few cases the layman can take up the book and by reading the section he is interested in can understand the point at once4 ,special care has been exercised to cover all points dealing with the usage on ,united ,states vessels4 ,a glance at the book will show the infinite number of things that must be attended to by the engineer1 who nowadays is the main factor in the ship's welfare4 ,d4 ,,van ,,nostrand ,,company ,publishers and ,booksellers #be ,,park ,,place ,,new ,,york