,,elem5ts ,,( ,,criticism4 ,9 ,,?ree ,,volumes4 ,,volume ,i4 ,,ed9burgh3 ,pr9t$ = ,a4 ,,mill>1 ,london2 ,,& ,a4 ,,k9caid ,j4 ,,bell1 ,ed9burgh1 ,,to ,,! ,,k+4 ,,sir1 ,! f9e arts h ev] be5 enc\rag$ by wise pr9ces1 n s+ly = private amusem5t1 b = _! b5eficial influ5ce 9 society4 ,by unit+ diff]5t ranks 9 ! same elegant pleasures1 !y promote b5evol5ce3 by *]i%+ love ( ord]1 !y in=ce submission to gov]nm5t3 & by inspir+ delicacy ( feel+1 !y make regul> gov]nm5t a d\ble bless+4 ,,^! consid]ations embold5 me to hope = y\r ,maje/y's patronage 9 behalf ( ! foll[+ "w1 :i* treats ( ! f9e arts1 & attempts to =m a /&>d ( ta/e by unfold+ ^? pr9ciples t ought to gov]n ! ta/e ( e individual4 ,,x is r>e to f9d "o born ) su* delicacy ( feel+1 z n to ne$ in/ruction3 x is equally r>e to f9d "o s l[ 9 feel+1 z n to be capable ( in/ruction4 ,& yet1 to ref9e our ta/e ) respect to beauties ( art or ( nature1 is sc>ce endeav\r$ 9 any sem9>y ( le>n+2 a lam5table defect1 consid]+ h[ e>ly 9 life ta/e is susceptible ( culture1 & h[ difficult to re=m x if unhappily p]v]t$4 ,to furni% mat]ials = supply+ t defect1 0 an additional motive = ! pres5t und]tak+4 ,,to promote ! f9e arts 9 ,brita91 has become ( great] importance ?an is g5]ally imag9$4 ,a fl\ri%+ comm]ce begets opul5ce2 & opul5ce1 inflam+ our appetite = pleasure1 is commonly v5t$ on luxury & on e s5sual gratification3 ,selfi%ness re>s its head2 becomes fa%ionable2 & infect+ all ranks1 ext+ui%es ! amor patri & e sp>k ( public _s4 ,to prev5t or to ret>d su* fatal corruption1 ! g5ius ( an ,alfr$ _c devise any means m efficaci\s1 ?an v5t+ opul5ce ^u ! f9e arts4 ,ri*es s employ'd1 in/ead ( enc\rag+ vice1 w excite bo? public & private virtue4 ,( ?is happy effect1 anci5t ,greece furni%es "o %9+ in/ance2 & :y %\ld we despair ( ano!r 9 ,brita98 ,,9 ! comm5cem5t ( an auspici\s reign1 & ev5 9 t e>ly p]iod ( life :5 pleasure commonly is ! sole pursuit1 y\r ,maje/y has uni=mly display'd to a delight$ p1 ! noble/ pr9ciples1 rip5$ by e>ly culture2 & = t reason1 y w be ! m dispos$ to fav\r e rational plan = advanc+ ! art ( tra9+ up y\?4 ,among ! _m bran*es ( education1 t :i* t5ds to make deep impressions ( virtue1 ought to be a fundam5tal measure 9 a well-regulat$ gov]nm5t3 = depravity ( mann]s w r5d] ineffectual ! mo/ salut>y laws2 & 9 ! mid/ ( opul5ce1 :at o!r means to prev5t su* depravity b e>ly & virtu\s discipl9e8 ,! ,briti% discipl9e is susceptible ( great improvem5ts2 & if we c hope = !m1 x mu/ be f a "y & accompli%$ ,pr9ce1 em95tly s5sible ( _! importance4 ,to e/abli% a complete sy/em ( education1 seems res]v$ by provid5ce = a ,sov]eign :o comm&s ! he>ts ( 8 subjects4 ,success w cr[n ! und]tak+1 & ende> ,,george ,,! ,,?ird to our late/ po/]ity4 ,! mo/ elevat$ & mo/ ref9$ pleasure ( human nature1 is enjoy'd by a virtu\s pr9ce gov]n+ a virtu\s p2 & t1 by p]fect+ ! great sy/em ( education1 y\r ,maje/y may v long enjoy ?is pleasure1 is ! ard5t wi% ( ,y\r ,maje/y's ,devot$ ,subject1 ,,h5ry ,,home4 ,,cont5ts4 ,vol4 ,pag4 ,introduction1 #a #a ,*4 #a4 ,p]ceptions & ideas 9 a tra91 #a #ba ,*4 #b4 ,emotions & passions1 #a #db ,*4 #c4 ,beauty1 #a #bda ,*4 #d4 ,gr&eur & sublimity1 #a #bfd ,*4 #e4 ,motion & =ce1 #a #cji ,*4 #f4 ,novelty1 & ! unexpect$ appe>ance ( objects1 #a #cai ,*4 #g4 ,risible objects1 #a #ccg ,*4 #h4 ,resemblance & contra/1 #a #cde ,*4 #i4 ,uni=mity & v>iety1 #a #chj ,*4 #aj4 ,congruity & propriety1 #b #c ,*4 #aa4 ,dignity & meanness1 #b #bg ,*4 #ab4 ,ridicule1 #b #dj ,*4 #ac4 ,wit1 #b #eh ,*4 #ad4 ,cu/om & habit1 #b #hj ,*4 #ae4 ,ext]nal signs ( emotions & passions1 #b #aaf ,*4 #af4 ,s5tim5ts1 #b #adi ,*4 #ag4 ,language ( passion1 #b #bjd ,*4 #ah4 ,beauty ( language1 #b #bcd ,*4 #ai4 ,comp>isons1 #c #c ,*4 #bj4 ,figures1 #c #ec ,*4 #ba4 ,n>ration & description1 #c #afi ,*4 #bb4 ,epic & dramatic compositions1 #c #bah ,*4 #bc4 ,! ?ree unities1 #c #bei ,*4 #bd4 ,g>d5+ & ar*itecture1 #c #bid ,*4 #be4 ,/&>d ( ta/e1 #c #cea ,app5dix1 #c #cge ,9 describ+ ! scale ( s\nds made 9 pron\nc+ ! five v[els1 vol4 #b4 p4 #bci4 x ought to h be5 m5tion$1 t ! lett] i mu/ be pron\nc$ z 9 ! ^w int]e/1 & o!r words beg9n+ ) ! syllable 92 ! lett] e z 9 p]suasion2 & ! lett] u z 9 numb]4 ,! ref]5ce int5d$1 vol4 #b4 p4 #dai4 is to p4 #djd4 ( ! same volume4 ,,introduction4 ,! five s5ses agree 9 ! foll[+ p>ticul>1 t no?+ ext]nal is p]ceiv$ till x fir/ make an impression ^u ! organ ( s5se2 ! impression1 = example1 made ^u ! h& by a /one1 ^u ! palate by sug>1 & ^u ! no/rils by a rose4 ,b !re is a diff]5ce z to our consci\sness ( t impression4 ,9 t\*+1 ta/+1 & smell+1 we are consci\s ( ! impression4 ,n s 9 see+ & he>+4 ,:5 ,i behold a tree1 ,i am n s5sible ( ! impression made ^u my eye2 nor ( ! impression made ^u my e>1 :5 ,i li/5 to a song#a4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 ! mann] ( p]ception1 di/+ui%es rem>kably he>+ & see+ f ! o!r s5ses2 & di/+ui%es /ill m rem>kably ! feel+s ( ! =m] f ^? ( ! latt]4 ,a feel+ pleasant or pa9ful _c exi/ b 9 ! m9d2 & yet because 9 ta/+1 t\*+1 & smell+1 we are consci\s ( ! impression made ^u ! organ1 we naturally place !re also1 ! pleasant or pa9ful feel+ caus$ by t impression4 ,& because su* feel+s seem to be plac$ ext]nally at ! organ ( s5se1 we1 = t reason1 conceive !m to be m]ely corporeal4 ,we h a diff]5t appreh5sion ( ! pleasant & pa9ful feel+s d]iv$ f see+ & he>+4 ,be+ ins5sible "h ( ! organic impression1 we are n misl$ to assign a wrong place to ^! feel+s2 & !re=e we naturally place !m 9 ! m9d1 :]e !y really exi/4 ,^u t acc\nt1 !y are conceiv$ to be m ref9$ & spiritual1 ?an :at are d]iv$ f ta/+1 t\*+1 & smell+4 ,! pleasures ( ! eye & e> be+ ?us elevat$ above ^? ( ! o!r ext]nal s5ses1 acquire s mu* dignity z to make !m a laudable ent]ta9m5t4 ,!y are n1 h[ev]1 set ^u a level ) ^? t are purely intellectual2 be+ n less inf]ior 9 dignity to intellectual pleasures1 ?an sup]ior to ! organic or corporeal4 ,!y inde$ resemble ! latt]1 be+ l !m produc$ by ext]nal objects3 b !y also resemble ! =m]1 be+ l !m produc$ )\t any s5sible organic impression4 ,_! mixt nature & middle place betwixt organic & intellectual pleasures1 qualify !m to associate ) ei!r4 ,beauty height5s all ! organic feel+s1 z well z ^? t are intellectual4 ,h>mony1 ?\gh x aspires to inflame devotion1 disda9s n to improve ! reli% ( a banquet4 ,! pleasures ( ! eye & e> h o!r valuable prop]ties beside ^? ( dignity & elevation4 ,be+ sweet & mod]ately exhil]at+1 !y are 9 _! tone equally di/ant f ! turbul5ce ( passion1 & languor ( inaction2 & by t tone are p]fectly well qualifi$1 n only to revive ! spirits :5 sunk by s5sual gratification1 b also to relax !m :5 ov]/ra9$ 9 any viol5t pursuit4 ,"h is a rem$y provid$ = _m di/resses4 ,& to be conv9c$ ( its salut>y effects1 x w be suffici5t to run ov] ! foll[+ p>ticul>s4 ,organic pleasures h naturally a %ort duration3 :5 cont9u$ too long1 or indulg$ to excess1 !y lose _! reli%1 & beget satiety & disgu/4 ,to relieve u f t uneas9ess1 no?+ c be m happily contriv$ ?an ! exhil]at+ pleasures ( ! eye & e>1 :i* take place imp]ceptibly1 )\t mu* v>y+ ! tone ( m9d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 any int5se ex]cise ( ! intellectual p[]s1 becomes pa9ful by ov]/ra9+ ! m9d4 ,cessation f su* ex]cise gives n in/ant relief3 x is necess>y t ! void be fill$ ) "s amusem5t1 g5tly relax+ ! spirits#b4 ,organic pleasure1 :i* ha? no reli% b :ile we are 9 vig\r1 is ill qualifi$ = t (fice3 b ! f9] pleasures ( s5se1 :i* occupy )\t exhau/+ ! m9d1 are excell5tly well qualifi$ to re/ore its usual tone aft] sev]e application to /udy or bus9ess1 z well z aft] satiety f s5sual gratification4 ,our fir/ p]ceptions are ( ext]nal objects1 & our fir/ atta*m5ts are to !m4 ,organic pleasures take ! lead4 ,b ! m9d1 gradually rip5+1 reli%e? m & m ! pleasures ( ! eye & e>2 :i* approa* ! purely m5tal1 )\t exhau/+ ! spirits2 & exce$ ! purely s5sual1 )\t dang] ( satiety4 ,! pleasures ( ! eye & e> h accord+ly a natural aptitude to attract u f ! immod]ate gratification ( s5sual appetite4 ,= ! m9d1 once accu/om$ to enjoy a v>iety ( ext]nal objects )\t be+ consci\s ( ! organic impression1 is prep>$ = enjoy+ int]nal objects :]e !re _c be an organic impression4 ,?us ! au?or ( nature1 by qualify+ ! human m9d = a succession ( enjoym5ts f ! l[e/ to ! highe/1 leads x by g5tle /eps f ! mo/ grovel+ corporeal pleasures1 = :i* solely x is fitt$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( life1 to ^? ref9$ & sublime pleasures :i* are suit$ to its maturity4 ,?is succession1 h[ev]1 is n gov]n$ by unavoidable necessity4 ,! ,god ( nature (f]s x to u1 9 ord] to advance our happ9ess2 & x is suffici5t1 t he ha? enabl$ u to complete ! succession4 ,nor has he made our task disagreeable or difficult4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! transition is sweet & easy1 f corporeal pleasures to ! m ref9$ pleasures ( s5se2 & n less s1 f ^! to ! exalt$ pleasures ( morality & religion4 ,we /& !re=e engag$ 9 hon\r1 z well z int]e/1 to second ! purposes ( nature1 by cultivat+ ! pleasures ( ! eye & e>1 ^? especially t require extraord9>y culture#c1 su* z are inspir$ by poetry1 pa9t+1 sculpture1 music1 g>d5+1 & ar*itecture4 ,?is *iefly is ! duty ( ! opul5t1 :o h leisure to improve _! m9ds & _! feel+s4 ,! f9e arts are contriv$ to give pleasure to ! eye & ! e>1 disreg>d+ ! inf]ior s5ses4 ,a ta/e = ^! arts is a plant t gr[s naturally 9 _m soils2 b1 )\t culture1 sc>ce to p]fection 9 any soil4 ,x is susceptible ( mu* ref9em5t2 & is1 by prop] c>e1 greatly improv$4 ,9 ?is respect1 a ta/e 9 ! f9e arts goes h& 9 h& ) ! moral s5se1 to :i* inde$ x is ne>ly alli$4 ,bo? ( !m discov] :at is "r & :at is wrong4 ,fa%ion1 temp]1 & education1 h an influ5ce ^u bo?1 to vitiate !m1 or to pres]ve !m pure & unta9t$4 ,nei!r ( !m are arbitr>y or local4 ,!y are root$ 9 human nature1 & are gov]n$ by pr9ciples common to all m54 ,! pr9ciples ( morality belong n to ! pres5t und]tak+4 ,b z to ! pr9ciples ( ! f9e arts1 !y are evolv$1 by /udy+ ! s5sitive "p ( human nature1 & by le>n+ :at objects are naturally agreeable1 & :at are naturally disagreeable4 ,! man :o aspires to be a critic 9 ^! arts1 mu/ pi]ce /ill deep]4 ,he mu/ cle>ly p]ceive :at objects are l(ty1 :at l[1 :at are prop] or improp]1 :at are manly1 & :at are mean or trivial4 ,h5ce a f\ndation = judg+ ( ta/e1 & = reason+ ^u x4 ,:]e x is con=mable to pr9ciples1 we c pron\nce ) c]ta9ty1 t x is correct2 o!rwise1 t x is incorrect1 & p]haps :imsical4 ,?us ! f9e arts1 l morals1 become a rational sci5ce2 &1 l morals1 may be cultivat$ to a high degree ( ref9em5t4 ,manifold are ! advantages ( criticism1 :5 ?us /udi$ z a rational sci5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! pr9ciples ( ! f9e arts1 r$\bles ! ent]ta9m5t ^! arts af=d4 ,to ! man :o resigns himself entirely to s5tim5t or feel+1 )\t int]pos+ any sort ( judgm5t1 poetry1 music1 pa9t+1 are m]e pa/ime4 ,9 ! prime ( life1 inde$1 !y are delightful1 be+ support$ by ! =ce ( novelty1 & ! heat ( imag9ation4 ,b !y lose _! reli% gradually ) _! novelty2 & are g5]ally neglect$ 9 ! maturity ( life1 :i* disposes to m s]i\s & m important occupations4 ,to ^? :o deal 9 criticism z a regul> sci5ce1 gov]n$ by j pr9ciples1 & giv+ scope to judgm5t z well z to fancy1 ! f9e arts are a fav\rite ent]ta9m5t2 & 9 old age ma9ta9 t reli% :i* !y produce 9 ! morn+ ( life#d4 ,9 ! next place1 a philosophic inquiry into ! pr9ciples ( ! f9e arts1 inures ! reflect+ m9d to ! mo/ entic+ sort ( logic4 ,reason+ ^u subjects s agreeable t5ds to a habit2 & a habit1 /r5g!n+ ! reason+ faculties1 prep>es ! m9d = ent]+ into subjects m difficult & ab/ract4 ,to h1 9 ?is respect1 a j conception ( ! importance ( criticism1 we ne$ b reflect ^u ! common me?od ( education2 :i*1 aft] "s ye>s sp5t 9 acquir+ languages1 hurries u1 )\t ! lea/ prep>atory discipl9e1 into ! mo/ pr(\nd philosophy4 ,a m effectual me?od to ali5ate ! t5d] m9d f ab/ract sci5ce1 is beyond ! rea* ( inv5tion4 ,) respect to su* speculations1 ! bulk ( our y\? contra/ a sort ( hobgobl9 t]ror1 :i* is seldom1 if ev]1 subdu$4 ,^? :o apply to ! arts1 are tra9$ 9 a v diff]5t mann]4 ,!y are l$1 /ep by /ep1 f ! easi] p>ts ( ! op]ation1 to :at are m difficult2 & are n p]mitt$ to make a new motion1 till !y be p]fect$ 9 ^? :i* regul>ly prec$e x4 ,! sci5ce ( criticism appe>s !n to be an int]m$iate l9k1 f9ely qualifi$ = connect+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( education into a regul> *a94 ,?is sci5ce furni%e? an invit+ opportunity to ex]cise ! judgem5t3 we delight to reason ^u subjects t are equally pleasant & famili>3 we proce$ gradually f ! simpl] to ! m involv$ cases3 & 9 a due c\rse ( discipl9e1 cu/om1 :i* improves all our faculties1 be/[s acut5ess ^u ^? ( reason1 suffici5t to unravel all ! intricacies ( philosophy4 ,nor ought x to be ov]look$1 t ! reason+s employ$ ^u ! f9e arts are ( ! same k9d ) ^? :i* regulate our conduct4 ,ma!matical & metaphysical reason+s h no t5d5cy to improve social int]c\rse3 nor are !y applicable to ! common affairs ( life4 ,b a j ta/e 9 ! f9e arts1 d]iv$ f rational pr9ciples1 is a f9e prep>ation = act+ 9 ! social /ate ) dignity & propriety4 ,! sci5ce ( criticism t5ds to improve ! he>t n less ?an ! und]/&+4 ,i obs]ve1 9 ! fir/ place1 t x ha? a f9e effect 9 mod]at+ ! selfi% affections4 ,a j ta/e 9 ! f9e arts1 by sweet5+ & h>moniz+ ! temp]1 is a /rong antidote to ! turbul5ce ( passion & viol5ce ( pursuit4 ,elegance ( ta/e procures to a man s mu* enjoym5t at home1 or easily )9 rea*1 t 9 ord] to be occupi$1 he is1 9 y\?1 "u no temptation to precipitate into hunt+1 gam+1 dr9k+2 nor1 9 middle age1 to deliv] himself ov] to ambition2 nor1 9 old age1 to av>ice4 ,pride1 a disgu/ful selfi% passion1 ex]ts itself )\t control1 :5 accompani$ ) a bad ta/e4 ,a man ( ?is /amp1 ^u :om ! mo/ /rik+ beauty makes b a fa9t impression1 feels no joy b 9 gratify+ 8 rul+ passion by ! discov]y ( errors & blemi%es4 ,pride1 on ! o!r h&1 f9ds 9 ! con/itution no enemy m =midable ?an a delicate & disc]n+ ta/e4 ,! man ^u :om nature & culture h be/[$ ?is bless+1 feels great delight 9 ! virtu\s dispositions & actions ( o!rs4 ,he loves to *]i% !m1 & to publi% !m to ! _w4 ,faults & fail+s1 x is true1 are to him n less obvi\s3 b ^! he avoids1 or removes out ( sight1 because !y give him pa94 ,9 a ^w1 !re may be o!r passions1 :i*1 = a season1 di/urb ! peace ( society m ?an pride3 b no o!r passion is s unwe>i$ an antagoni/ to ! sweets ( social int]c\rse4 ,pride1 t5d+ assidu\sly to its gratification1 puts a man p]petually 9 opposition to o!rs2 & disposes him m to reli% bad ?an good qualities1 ev5 9 a bosom fri5d4 ,h[ diff]5t t disposition ( m9d1 :]e e virtue 9 a companion or neighb\r1 is1 by ref9em5t ( ta/e1 set 9 its /ronge/ light2 & defects or blemi%es1 natural to all1 are suppress$1 or kept out ( view8 ,9 ! next place1 delicacy ( ta/e t5ds n less to invigorate ! social affections1 ?an to mod]ate ^? t are selfi%4 ,to be conv9c$ ( ?is t5d5cy1 we ne$ only reflect1 t delicacy ( ta/e necess>ily height5s our s5sibility ( pa9 & pleasure1 & ( c\rse our sympa?y1 :i* is ! capital bran* ( e social passion4 ,sympa?y 9 p>ticul> invites a communication ( joys & sorr[s1 hopes & fe>s4 ,su* ex]cise1 soo?+ & satisfactory 9 itself1 is productive necess>ily ( mutual good-w & affection4 ,"o o!r advantage ( criticism is res]v$ to ! la/ place1 be+ ( all ! mo/ important1 t x is a great support to morality4 ,i insi/ on x ) entire satisfaction1 t no occupation atta*es a man m to 8 duty ?an t ( cultivat+ a ta/e 9 ! f9e arts4 ,a j reli% ( :at is beautiful1 prop]1 elegant1 & ornam5tal1 9 writ+ or pa9t+1 9 ar*itecture or g>d5+1 is a f9e prep>ation = disc]n+ :at is beautiful1 j1 elegant1 or magnanim\s1 9 "* & behavi\r4 ,to ! man :o has acquir$ a ta/e s acute & accompli%$1 e action1 wrong or improp]1 mu/ be highly disgu/ful4 ,if1 9 any in/ance1 ! ov]be>+ p[] ( passion sway him f 8 duty1 he returns to x ^u ! fir/ reflection1 ) r$\bl$ resolution nev] to be sway$ a second "t4 ,he has n[ an additional motive to virtue1 a conviction d]iv$ f exp]i5ce1 t happ9ess dep5ds on regul>ity & ord]1 & t a disreg>d to ju/ice or propriety nev] fails to be puni%$ ) %ame & remorse#e4 ,rude ages exhibit ! triumph ( au?ority ov] reason4 ,philosoph]s anci5tly 7 divid$ into sects3 !y 7 ei!r ,epicureans1 ,platoni/s1 ,/oics1 ,py?agoreans1 or ,sceptics4 ,m5 reli$ no f>!r ^u _! own judgem5t ?an to *use a lead]1 :om !y implicitly foll[$4 ,9 lat] times1 happily1 reason ha? obta9$ ! asc5dant4 ,m5 n[ ass]t _! native privilege ( ?9k+ = !mselves1 & disda9 to be rank$ 9 any sect1 :atev] be ! sci5ce4 ,i mu/ except criticism1 :i*1 by :at fatality ,i "k n1 cont9ues to be n less slavi% 9 its pr9ciples1 nor less submissive to au?ority1 ?an x 0 orig9ally4 ,bossu1 a celebrat$ ,fr5* critic1 gives _m rules2 b c discov] no bett] f\ndation = any ( !m1 ?an ! practice m]ely ( ,hom] & ,virgil1 support$ by ! au?ority ( ,ari/otle4 ,/range1 t 9 s long a "w1 ! concordance or discordance ( ^! rules ) human nature1 %\ld nev] once h ent]$ 8 ?\ghts6 ,x c\ld n surely be 8 op9ion1 t ^! poets1 h[ev] em95t = g5ius1 7 intitl$ to give laws to mank9d1 & t no?+ n[ rema9s b bl9d ob$i5ce to _! arbitr>y w4 ,if 9 writ+ !y foll[$ no rule1 :y %\ld !y be imitat$8 ,if !y /udi$ nature1 & 7 obsequi\s to rational pr9ciples1 :y %\ld ^! be conceal$ f u8 ,) respect to ! pres5t und]tak+1 x is n ! au?or's int5tion to give a regul> treatise ^u ea* ( ! f9e arts 9 p>ticul>2 b only1 9 g5]al1 to apply to !m "s rem>ks & obs]vations drawn f human nature1 ! true s\rce ( criticism4 ,! f9e arts are calculat$ = our ent]ta9m5t1 or = mak+ agreeable impressions2 &1 by t circum/ance1 are di/+ui%$ f ! useful arts4 ,9 ord] !n to be a critic 9 ! f9e arts1 x is necess>y1 z above h9t$1 to "k :at objects are naturally agreeable1 & :at naturally disagreeable4 ,a complete treatise on t subject w\ld be a field by f> too ext5sive to be ?or\ghly cultivat$ by any "o h&4 ,! au?or pret5ds only to h ent]$ ^u ! subject s f> z necess>y = support+ 8 critical rem>ks4 ,& he assumes no m]it f 8 p]=mance1 b t ( ev9c+1 p]haps m di/9ctly ?an hi!rto has be5 done1 t ! g5u9e rules ( criticism are all ( !m d]iv$ f ! human he>t4 ,! s5sitive "p ( our nature is a delightful speculation4 ,:at ! au?or ha? discov]$ or collect$ ^u t subject1 he *uses to imp>t 9 ! gay & agreeable =m ( criticism2 because he imag9es1 t ?is =m w be m reli%$1 & p]haps be n less in/ructive1 ?an a regul> & lab\r$ disquisition4 ,8 plan is1 to asc5d gradually to pr9ciples1 f facts & exp]im5ts1 in/ead ( beg9n+ ) ! =m]1 h&l$ ab/ractly1 & desc5d+ to ! latt]4 ,b ?\gh criticism be ?us 8 only decl>$ aim1 he w n dis[n1 t all along he _h x 9 view1 to expla9 ! nature ( man1 consid]$ z a s5sitive be+1 capable ( pleasure & pa94 ,& ?\gh he flatt]s himself ) hav+ made "s progress 9 t important sci5ce1 he is h[ev] too s5sible ( its ext5t & difficulty1 to und]take x pr(ess$ly1 or to av[ x z ! *ief purpose ( ! pres5t "w4 ,to c5sure works1 n m51 is ! j pr]ogative ( criticism2 & accord+ly all p]sonal c5sure is "h avoid$1 unless :]e necess>y to illu/rate "s g5]al proposition4 ,no praise is claim$ on t acc\nt2 because c5sur+ ) a view m]ely to f9d fault1 is an ent]ta9m5t t humanity nev] reli%es4 ,writ]s1 "o w\ld imag9e1 %\ld1 above all o!rs1 be res]v$ ^u t article1 :5 !y lie s op5 to retaliation4 ,! au?or ( ?is treatise1 f> f be+ confid5t ( m]it+ no c5sure1 ent]ta9s n ev5 ! slighte/ hope ( su* p]fection4 ,amusem5t 0 at fir/ ! sole aim ( 8 inquiries4 ,proce$+ f "o p>ticul> to ano!r1 ! subject grew "u 8 h&2 & he 0 f> advanc$ be=e ! ?\ght /ruck him1 t 8 private m$itations might be publicly useful4 ,9 public1 h[ev]1 he w\ld n appe> 9 a slov5ly dress2 & !re=e he pret5ds n o!rwise to apologise = 8 errors1 ?an by obs]v+1 t1 9 a new subject1 n less nice ?an ext5sive1 errors are 9 "s measure unavoidable4 ,nei!r pret5ds he to ju/ify 8 ta/e 9 e p>ticul>4 ,t po9t mu/ be extremely cle>1 :i* admits n v>iety ( op9ion2 & 9 "s matt]s susceptible ( great ref9em5t1 "t is p]haps ! only infallible t\*-/one ( ta/e4 ,to ?is he appeals1 & to ?is he *e>fully submits4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n4 ,b4 ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,criticism1 mean+ ! :ole1 is a title too assum+ = ?is "w4 ,a numb] ( ^! elem5ts or pr9ciples are "h evolv$3 b z ! au?or is f> f imag9+1 t he has complet$ ! li/1 a m humble title is prop]1 su* z may express any undet]m9$ numb] ( p>ts less ?an ! :ole4 ,?is he ?9ks is signifi$ by ! title he has *os51 viz4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,criticism4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,criticism4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,p]ceptions & ideas 9 a tra94 ,a man :ile awake is s5sible ( a cont9u$ tra9 ( objects pass+ 9 8 m9d4 ,x requires no activity on 8 "p to c>ry on ! tra93 nor has he p[] to v>y x by call+ up an object at w#f4 ,at ! same "t we le>n f daily exp]i5ce1 t a tra9 ( ?\ght is n m]ely casual4 ,& if x dep5d n ^u w1 nor ^u *ance1 we mu/ try to evolve by :at law x is gov]n$4 ,! subject is ( importance 9 ! sci5ce ( human nature2 & ,i promise be=eh&1 t x w be f\nd ( great importance 9 ! f9e arts4 ,x appe>s t ! relations by :i* ?+s are l9k$ toge!r1 h a great influ5ce 9 direct+ ! tra9 ( ?\ght2 & we f9d by exp]i5ce1 t objects are connect$ 9 ! m9d precisely z !y are ext]nally4 ,beg9n+ !n ) ?+s ext]nal1 we f9d t !y are n m rem>kable by _! inh]5t prop]ties ?an by _! v>i\s relations4 ,we _c any :]e ext5d our view )\t p]ceiv+ ?+s connect$ toge!r by c]ta9 relations4 ,"o ?+ p]ceiv$ to be a cause1 is connect$ ) its sev]al effects2 "s ?+s are connect$ by contiguity 9 "t1 o!rs by contiguity 9 place2 "s are connect$ by resemblance1 "s by contra/2 "s g be=e1 "s foll[4 ,n a s+le ?+ appe>s solit>y1 & altoge!r devoid ( connection4 ,! only diff]5ce is1 t "s are intimately connect$1 "s m slightly2 "s ne>1 "s at a di/ance4 ,exp]i5ce z well z reason may satisfy u1 t ! tra9 ( m5tal p]ceptions is 9 a great measure regulat$ by ! =ego+ relations4 ,:]e a numb] ( ?+s are l9k$ toge!r1 ! idea ( any "o sugge/s ! re/2 & 9 ?is mann] is a tra9 ( ?\ghts compos$4 ,su* is ! law ( succession2 :e!r an orig9al law1 or :e!r direct$ by "s lat5t pr9ciple1 is d\btful2 & probably w = ev] rema9 s4 ,?is law1 h[ev]1 is n inviolable4 ,x sometimes happ5s1 ?\gh r>ely1 t an idea pres5ts itself to ! m9d )\t any connection1 s f> at lea/ z c be discov]$4 ,b ?\gh we h n ! absolute comm& ( ideas1 yet ! ,w ha? a consid]able influ5ce 9 direct+ ! ord] ( connect$ ideas4 ,!re are few ?+s b :at are connect$ ) _m o!rs4 ,by ?is means1 :5 any ?+ becomes an object1 :e!r 9 a direct survey1 or ideally only1 x g5]ally sugge/s _m ( its connections4 ,among ^! a *oice is af=d$4 ,we c insi/ ^u "o1 reject+ o!rs2 & we c ev5 insi/ ^u :at has ! slighte/ connection4 ,:]e ideas are left to _! natural c\rse1 !y are g5]ally cont9u$ ?r\gh ! /ronge/ connections4 ,! m9d ext5ds its view to a son m readily ?an to a s]vant1 & m readily to a neighb\r ?an to "o liv+ at a di/ance4 ,?is ord] may be v>i$ by ,w1 b /ill )9 ! limits ( connect$ objects4 ,9 %ort1 e tra9 ( ideas mu/ be a *a91 9 :i* ! p>ticul> ideas are l9k$ to ea* o!r4 ,we may v>y ! ord] ( a natural tra92 b n s z to dissolve x altoge!r1 by c>ry+ on our ?\ghts 9 a loose mann] )\t any connection4 ,s f> do? our p[] ext5d2 & t p[] is suffici5t = all useful purposes4 ,to give u m p[]1 w\ld probably be detrim5tal in/ead ( be+ salut>y4 ,w is n ! only cause t prev5ts a tra9 ( ?\ght f be+ cont9u$ ?r\gh ! /ronge/ connections4 ,mu* dep5ds on ! pres5t tone ( m9d2 = a subject t accords ) ?is tone is always welcome4 ,?us1 9 good spirits1 a *e>ful subject w be introduc$ by ! slighte/ connection2 & "o t is melan*oly1 n less readily 9 l[ spirits4 ,aga91 an int]e/+ subject is recall$1 f "t to "t1 by any connection indiff]5tly1 /rong or weak4 ,?is is f9ely t\*$ by ,%akespe>1 ) relation to a ri* c>go at sea4 ,my w9d1 cool+ my bro?1 ,w\ld bl[ me to an ague1 :5 ,i ?\ght ,:at h>m a w9d too great might d at sea4 ,i %\ld n see ! s&y h\r-glass run1 ,b ,i %\ld ?9k ( %all[s & ( flats2 ,& see my weal?y ,&rew dock'd 9 s&1 ,vail+ h] high top l[] ?an h] ribs1 ,to kiss h] burial4 ,%\ld ,i g to *ur*1 ,& see ! holy edifice ( /one1 ,& n be?9k me /rait ( dang]\s rocks8 ,:i* t\*+ b my g5tle vessel's side1 ,w\ld scatt] all ! spices on ! /ream1 ,enrobe ! ro>+ wat]s ) my silks1 ,&1 9 a ^w1 b n[ wor? ?is1 ,& n[ wor? no?+4 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 act #a4 sc4 #a4 ,ano!r cause cle>ly di/+ui%able f t n[ m5tion$1 ha? also a consid]able influ5ce ov] ! tra9 ( ideas4 ,9 "s m9ds ( a s+ul> frame1 ?\ghts & circum/ances cr[d ^u ea* o!r by ! slighte/ connection4 ,i ascribe ?is to a defect 9 ! faculty ( disc]nm5t4 ,a p]son :o _c accurately di/+ui% betwixt a slight connection & "o t is m solid1 is equally affect$ ) bo?4 ,su* a p]son mu/ necess>ily h a great comm& ( ideas1 because !y are introduc$ by any relation indiff]5tly2 & ! slight] relations1 be+ )\t numb]1 mu/ furni% ideas )\t end4 ,?is doctr9e is1 9 a lively mann]1 illu/rat$ by ,%akespe>4 ,fal/aff4 ,:at is ! gross sum t ,i owe !e8 ,ho/ess4 ,m>ry1 if ?\ w]t an hone/ man1 ?yself & ?y money too4 ,?\ did/ swe> to me on a p>cel-gilt goblet1 sitt+ 9 my ,dolph9 *amb]1 at ! r\nd table1 by a sea-coal fire1 on ,w$nesday 9 ,:itsun-week1 :5 ! ,pr9ce broke ?y head = lik5+ him to a s++ man ( ,w9dsor1 ?\ did/ swe> to me !n1 z ,i 0 wa%+ ?y w\nd1 to m>ry me1 & make me my ,lady ?y wife4 ,can/ ?\ d5y x8 ,did n ,goodwife ,kee*1 ! but*]'s wife1 come 9 !n1 & call me ,gossip ,quickly8 ,com+ 9 to borr[ a mess ( v9eg>2 tell+ u %e _h a good di% ( prawns2 :]eby ?\ did/ desire to eat "s2 :]eby ,i told !e !y 7 ill = a gre5 w\nd8 ,& did/ n ?\1 :5 %e 0 gone d[n /airs1 desire me to be no m s famili>ity ) su* poor p1 say+1 t ere long !y %\ld call me ,madam8 ,& did/ ?\ n kiss me1 & bid me fet* !e ?irty %ill+s8 ,i put !e n[ to ?y book-oa?1 d5y x if ?\ can/4 ,second "p1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 act #b4 sc4 #b4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a man1 ( accurate judgem5t _c h a great fl[ ( ideas4 ,! slight] relations mak+ no figure 9 8 m9d1 h no p[] to introduce ideas4 ,& h5ce x is1 t accurate judgem5t is n fri5dly to declamation or copi\s eloqu5ce4 ,?is reason+ is confirm$ by exp]i5ce2 = x is a not$ obs]vation1 ,t a great or compreh5sive memory is seldom connect$ ) a good judgem5t4 ,z an additional confirmation1 ,i appeal to ano!r not$ obs]vation1 ,t wit & judgem5t are seldom unit$4 ,wit consi/s *iefly 9 jo9+ ?+s by di/ant & fanciful relations1 :i* surprise because !y are unexpect$4 ,su* relations be+ ( ! slighte/ k9d1 readily occur to t p]son only :o makes e relation equally welcome4 ,wit1 ^u t acc\nt1 is1 9 a good measure1 incompatible ) solid judgem5t2 :i*1 neglect+ trivial relations1 adh]es to :at are sub/antial & p]man5t4 ,?us memory & wit are (t5 conjo9$3 solid judgem5t seldom ) ei!r4 ,! tra9 ( ?\ght dep5ds n entirely ^u relations3 ano!r cause comes 9 = a %>e2 & t is ! s5se ( ord] & arrangem5t4 ,to ?+s ( equal rank1 :]e !re is no room = a pref]5ce1 ord] _c be appli$2 & x mu/ be indiff]5t 9 :at mann] !y be survey$2 witness ! %eep t make a flock1 or ! trees 9 a wood4 ,b 9 ?+s ( unequal rank1 ord] is a gov]n+ pr9ciple4 ,?us our t5d5cy is1 to view ! pr9cipal subject be=e we desc5d to its accessories or ornam5ts1 & ! sup]ior be=e ! inf]ior or dep5d5t4 ,we are equally av]se to ent] into a m9ute consid]ation ( con/itu5t p>ts1 till ! ?+ be fir/ survey$ z a :ole4 ,9 pass+ f a "p to ! :ole1 & f an accessory to its pr9cipal1 ! connection is ! same z 9 ! opposite direction4 ,b a s5se ( ord] aids ! transition 9 ! latt] case1 & a s5se ( disord] ob/ructs x 9 ! =m]4 ,x ne$s sc>ce be add$1 t 9 ?9k+ or reflect+ on any ( ^! p>ticul>s1 & 9 pass+ f "o to ano!r ideally1 we are s5sible ( eas9ess or difficulty precisely z :5 !y are set be=e our eyes4 ,our s5se ( ord] is conspicu\s ) respect to natural op]ations2 = x always co9cides ) ! ord] ( nature4 ,?9k+ ^u a body 9 motion1 we foll[ its natural c\rse4 ,! m9d falls ) a heavy body1 desc5ds ) a riv]1 & asc5ds ) flame & smoke4 ,9 trac+ out a family1 we incl9e to beg9 at ! f\nd]1 & to desc5d gradually to 8 late/ po/]ity4 ,on ! contr>y1 mus+ on a l(ty oak1 we beg9 at ! trunk1 & m\nt f x to ! bran*es4 ,z to hi/orical facts1 we love to proce$ 9 ! ord] ( "t2 or1 :i* comes to ! same1 to proce$ along ! *a9 ( causes & effects4 ,b ?\gh1 9 foll[+ out a hi/orical *a91 our b5t is to proce$ ord]ly f causes to _! effects1 we f9d n ! same b5t 9 matt]s ( sci5ce4 ,!re we seem r dispos$ to proce$ f effects to _! causes1 & f p>ticul> propositions to ^? :i* are m g5]al4 ,:y ?is diff]5ce 9 matt]s t appe> s ne>ly relat$8 ,! cases are simil> 9 appe>ance only1 n 9 reality4 ,9 a hi/orical *a91 e ev5t is p>ticul>1 ! effect ( "s =m] ev5t1 & ! cause ( o!rs t foll[4 ,9 su* a *a91 !re is no?+ to bias ! m9d f ! ord] ( nature4 ,widely diff]5t is ! case ( sci5ce1 :5 we endeav\r to trace out causes & _! effects4 ,_m exp]im5ts are commonly r$uc$ "u "o cause2 & aga91 _m ( ^! "u "s "o /ill m g5]al & compreh5sive4 ,9 our progress f p>ticul> effects to g5]al causes1 & f p>ticul> propositions to ! m compreh5sive1 we feel a gradual dilatation or expansion ( m9d1 l :at is felt 9 proce$+ along an asc5d+ s]ies1 :i* is extremely delightful4 ,! pleasure "h exce$s :at arises f foll[+ ! c\rse ( nature2 & x is ?is pleasure :i* regulates our tra9 ( ?\ght 9 ! case n[ m5tion$1 & 9 o!rs t are simil>4 ,^! obs]vations1 by ! way1 furni% mat]ials = in/itut+ a comp>ison betwixt ! syn!tic & analytic me?ods ( reason+4 ,! syn!tic me?od desc5d+ regul>ly f pr9ciples to _! consequ5ces1 is m agreeable to ! /rictness ( ord]4 ,b 9 foll[+ ! opposite c\rse 9 ! analytic me?od1 we h a s5sible pleasure1 l m\nt+ upw>d1 :i* is n felt 9 ! o!r4 ,! analytic me?od is m agreeable to ! imag9ation4 ,! o!r me?od w be pref]r$ by ^? only :o ) rigidity adh]e to ord]1 & give no indulg5ce to natural emotions#g4 ,x appe>s !n t we are fram$ by nature to reli% ord] & connection4 ,:5 an object is introduc$ by a prop] connection1 we are consci\s ( a c]ta9 pleasure aris+ f t circum/ance4 ,among objects ( equal rank1 ! pleasure is proportion$ to ! degree ( connection2 b among unequal objects1 :]e we require a c]ta9 ord]1 ! pleasure arises *iefly f an ord]ly arrangem5t4 ,( ?is "o may be made s5sible1 9 trac+ objects contr>y to ! c\rse ( nature1 or contr>y to our s5se ( ord]4 ,! m9d proce$s ) alacrity f a :ole to its p>ts1 & f a pr9cipal to its accessories2 b 9 ! contr>y direction1 x is s5sible ( a sort ( retrograde motion1 :i* is unpleasant4 ,& "h may be rem>k$ ! great influ5ce ( ord] ^u ! m9d ( man4 ,gr&eur1 :i* makes a deep impression1 incl9es u1 9 runn+ ov] any s]ies1 to proce$ f small to great1 r ?an f great to small4 ,b ord] prevails ov] ?is t5d5cy2 & 9 p>t+ f ! :ole to its p>ts1 & f a subject to its ornam5ts1 af=ds pleasure z well z facility1 :i* are n felt 9 ! opposite c\rse4 ,elevation t\*es ! m9d n less ?an gr&eur do?2 & 9 rais+ ! m9d to elevat$ objects1 !re is a s5sible pleasure4 ,b ! c\rse ( nature ha? /ill a great] influ5ce ?an elevation2 & !re=e ! pleasure ( fall+ ) ra91 & desc5d+ gradually ) a riv]1 prevails ov] t ( m\nt+ upw>d4 ,h5ce ! agreeabl5ess ( smoke asc5d+ 9 a calm morn+4 ,elevation concurs ) ! c\rse ( nature1 to make ?is object delightful4 ,i am extremely s5sible ( ! disgu/ m5 g5]ally h at ab/ract speculation2 & = t reason ,i w\ld avoid x altoge!r1 7 x possible 9 a "w :i* pr(esses to draw ! rules ( criticism f human nature1 _! true s\rce4 ,!re is inde$ no *oice1 o!r ?an to cont9ue = "s "t 9 ! same track1 or to ab&on ! und]tak+ altoge!r4 ,c&or obliges me to notify ?is to my read]s1 t su* ( !m ^: av]sion to ab/ract speculation is inv9cible1 may /op %ort "h2 = till pr9ciples be expla9$1 ,i c promise no ent]ta9m5t to ^? :o %un ?9k+4 ,b ,i flatt] myself ) a diff]5t ta/e 9 ! bulk ( read]s4 ,"s few1 ,i imag9e1 w reli% ! ab/ract "p = its own sake2 & _m = ! useful purposes to :i* x may be appli$4 ,= enc\rag+ ! latt] to proce$ ) alacrity1 ,i assure !m be=eh& t ! =ego+ speculation leads to _m important rules ( criticism1 :i* %all be unfold$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w4 ,9 ! mean "t1 = in/ant satisfaction 9 "p1 !y w be pleas$ to accept ! foll[+ specim54 ,x is requir$ 9 e "w ( art1 t1 l an organic sy/em1 ! con/itu5t p>ts be mutually connect$1 & be> ea* ( !m a relation to ! :ole1 "s m intimate1 "s less1 accord+ to _! de/9ation4 ,ord] is n less ess5tial ?an connection2 & :5 due reg>d is paid to ^!1 we h a s5se ( j composition1 & s f> are pleas$ ) ! p]=mance4 ,hom] is defective 9 ord] & connection2 & ,p9d> m rem>kably4 ,regul>ity1 ord]1 & connection1 are pa9ful re/ra9ts on a bold & f]tile imag9ation2 & are n pati5tly submitt$ to1 b aft] mu* culture & discipl9e4 ,9 ,horace !re is no fault m em95t ?an want ( connection4 ,in/ances are )\t numb]4 ,9 ! fir/ f\rte5 l9es ( ode #g4 lib4 #a4 he m5tions sev]al t[ns & di/ricts :i* by "s 7 reli%$ m ?an by o!rs4 ,9 ! rema9d] ( ! ode1 ,plancus is exhort$ to dr[n 8 c>es 9 w9e4 ,hav+ n>r[ly escap$ dea? by ! fall ( a tree1 ?is poet#h takes occasion prop]ly to obs]ve1 t :ile we gu>d aga9/ "s dang]s1 we are expos$ to o!rs we _c =esee4 ,he ends ) display+ ! p[] ( music4 ,! p>ts ( ode #af4 lib4 #b4 are s loosely connect$ z to disfigure a poem o!rwise extremely beautiful4 ,! #a/1 #b;d1 #c;d1 #d?1 #aa?1 #bd?1 #bg? odes ( ! #c;d book1 lie op5 all ( !m to ! same c5sure4 ,! #a/ satire1 book #a4 is s de=m$ by want ( unity & connection ( p>ts1 z ^u ! :ole to be sc>ce agreeable4 ,x comm5ces ) an important "q1 ,h[ x happ5s t p]sons :o are s mu* satisfi$ ) !mselves1 are g5]ally s little ) _! condition8 ,aft] illu/rat+ ! obs]vation 9 a sprightly mann] by sev]al examples1 ! au?or1 =gett+ 8 subject1 ent]s ^u a declamation aga9/ av>ice1 :i* he pursues till ! l9e #ajh4 ,!re he makes an apology = w&]+1 & promises to return to 8 subject4 ,b av>ice hav+ got possession ( 8 m9d1 he foll[s out t !me to ! end1 & nev] returns to ! "q propos$ 9 ! beg9n+4 ,9 ! ,georgics ( ,virgil1 ?\gh e/eem$ ! mo/ f9i%$ "w ( t au?or1 ! p>ts are ill connect$1 & ! transitions f> f be+ sweet & easy4 ,9 ! fir/ book#i he deviates f 8 subject to give a description ( ! five zones4 ,! want ( connection "h is rem>kable1 z well z 9 ! description ( ! prodigies t accompani$ ! dea? ( ,cs>1 ) :i* ! same book is conclud$4 ,a digression ^u ! praises ( ,italy 9 ! second book#aj1 is n m happily introduc$4 ,& 9 ! mid/ ( a declamation ^u ! pleasures ( husb&ry1 t makes "p ( ! same book#aa1 ! au?or appe>s p]sonally ^u ! /age )\t ! slighte/ connection4 ,! two prefaces ( ,sallu/ look z if !y _h be5 prefix$ by "s blund] to 8 two hi/ories4 ,!y w suit any o!r hi/ory z well1 or any subject z well z hi/ory4 ,ev5 ! memb]s ( ^! prefaces are b loosely connect$4 ,!y look m l a numb] ( maxims or obs]vations ?an a connect$ disc\rse4 ,an episode 9 a n>rative poem be+ 9 effect an accessory1 dem&s n t /rict union ) ! pr9cipal subject :i* is requisite betwixt a :ole & its con/itu5t p>ts4 ,! relation h[ev] ( pr9cipal & accessory be+ pretty intimate1 an episode loosely connect$ ) ! pr9cipal subject w nev] be graceful4 ,i give = an example ! desc5t ( neas into hell1 :i* employs ! six? book ( ! neid4 ,! read] is n prep>$ = ?is important ev5t4 ,no cause is assign$1 t c make x appe> necess>y or ev5 natural1 to susp5d1 = s long a "t1 ! pr9cipal action 9 its mo/ int]e/+ p]iod4 ,to engage neas to w&] f 8 c\rse 9 se>* ( an adv5ture s extraord9>y1 ! poet c f9d no bett] pretext1 ?an ! h]o's long+ to visit ! gho/ ( 8 fa!r rec5tly dead4 ,9 ! mean "t ! /ory is int]rupt$1 & ! read] loses 8 ardor4 ,an episode s extremely beautiful is n at any rate to be disp5s$ )4 ,x is pity h[ev]1 t x do? n arise m naturally f ! subject4 ,i mu/ obs]ve at ! same "t1 t full ju/ice is done to ?is incid5t1 by consid]+ x to be an episode2 = if x be a con/itu5t "p ( ! pr9cipal action1 ! connection ought to be /ill m intimate4 ,! same objection lies aga9/ t elaborate description ( ,fame 9 ! neid#ab4 ,any o!r book ( t h]oic poem1 or ( any h]oic poem1 has z good a title to t description z ! book :]e x is plac$4 ,9 a natural l&scape1 we e day p]ceive a multitude ( objects connect$ by contiguity solely4 ,objects ( sight make an impression s lively1 z t a relation1 ev5 ( ! slighte/ k9d1 is reli%$4 ,?is h[ev] ought n to be imitat$ 9 description4 ,words are s f> %ort ( ! eye 9 livel9ess ( impression1 t 9 a description ! connection ( objects ought to be c>efully /udi$1 9 ord] to make ! deep] impression4 ,= x is a kn[n fact1 ! reason ( :i* is sugge/$ above1 t x is easi] by words to introduce into ! m9d a relat$ object1 ?an "o :i* is n connect$ ) ! prec$+ tra94 ,9 ! foll[+ passage1 diff]5t ?+s are br\ght toge!r )\t ! slighte/ connection1 if x be n :at may be call$ v]bal1 i4 e4 tak+ ! same ^w 9 diff]5t mean+s4 ,surgamus3 solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra4 ,junip]i gravis umbra3 noc5t et frugibus umbr4 ,ite domum satur1 v5it ,hesp]us1 ite capell4 ,virg4 ,buc4 #aj4 #ge4 ,! metaphorical or figurative appe>ance ( an object1 is no good cause = introduc+ t object 9 its real & natural appe>ance4 ,a relation s slight c nev] be reli%$4 ,di/ru/ 9 lov]s is too w>m a sun2 ,b yet 'tis night 9 love :5 t is gone4 ,& 9 ^? climes :i* mo/ 8 scor*+ "k1 ,he makes ! noble/ fruits & metals gr[4 ,"p #b4 ,conque/ ( ,granada1 act #c4 ,! relations among objects h a consid]able influ5ce 9 ! gratification ( our passions1 & ev5 9 _! production4 ,b ?is subject is res]v$ to be treat$ 9 ! *apt] ( emotions & passions#ac4 ,!re is p]haps n ano!r in/ance ( a build+ s great erect$ ^u a f\ndation s slight 9 appe>ance1 z t :i* is erect$ ^u ! relations ( objects & _! arrangem5t4 ,relations make no capital figure 9 ! m9d3 ! bulk ( !m are transitory1 & "s extremely trivial4 ,!y are h[ev] ! l9ks t1 unit+ our p]ceptions into "o connect$ *a91 produce connection ( action1 because p]ceptions & actions h an intimate correspond5ce4 ,b x is n suffici5t = ! conduct ( life t our actions be l9k$ toge!r1 h[ev] intimately3 x is beside necess>y t !y proce$ 9 a c]ta9 ord]2 & ?is also is provid$ = by an orig9al prop5sity4 ,?us ord] & connection1 :ile !y admit suffici5t v>iety1 introduce a me?od 9 ! managem5t ( affairs4 ,)\t !m our conduct w\ld be fluctuat+ & desultory2 & we w\ld be hurri$ f ?\ght to ?\ght1 & f action to action1 entirely at ! m]cy ( *ance4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,emotions & ,passions4 ,! f9e arts1 z obs]v$ above#ad1 are all ( !m calculat$ to give pleasure to ! eye or ! e>2 & !y nev] desc5d to gratify ! ta/e1 t\*1 or smell4 ,at ! same "t1 ! feel+s ( ! eye & e>1 are ( all ! feel+s ( ext]nal s5se1 ^? only :i* are hon\r$ ) ! "n ( emotions or passions4 ,x is also obs]v$ above#ae1 t ! pr9ciples ( ! f9e arts are unfold$ by /udy+ ! s5sitive "p ( human nature1 9 ord] to "k :at objects ( ! eye & e> are agreeable1 :at disagreeable4 ,^! obs]vations %[ ! use ( ! pres5t *apt]4 ,we evid5tly mu/ be acqua9t$ ) ! nature & causes ( emotions & passions1 be=e we c judge ) any accuracy h[ f> !y are "u ! p[] ( ! f9e arts4 ,! critical art is ?us set 9 a f9e po9t ( view4 ,! inquisitive m9d beg9n+ ) criticism ! mo/ agreeable ( all amusem5ts1 & f9d+ no ob/ruction 9 its progress1 advances f> into ! s5sitive "p ( our nature2 & ga9s ins5sibly a ?or\gh k ( ! human he>t1 ( its desires1 & ( e motive to action2 a sci5ce :i* ( all t c be rea*$ by man1 is to him ( ! greate/ importance4 ,^u a subject s ext5sive1 all t c be expect$ "h1 is a g5]al or slight survey4 ,"s emotions inde$ m peculi>ly connect$ ) ! f9e arts1 ,i propose to h&le 9 sep>ate *apt]s2 a me?od t w %ort5 ! g5]al survey consid]ably4 ,& yet1 aft] ?is circumscription1 s mu* matt] comes "u ev5 a g5]al view ( ! passions & emotions1 t1 to avoid confusion1 ,i f9d x necess>y to divide ?is *apt] into _m p>ts3 9 ! fir/ ( :i* are h&l$ ! causes ( ^? emotions & passions t are ! mo/ common & famili>2 = to expla9 e passion & emotion1 h[ev] s+ul>1 w\ld be an endless "w4 ,& ?\gh ,i c\ld n well take up less gr\nd1 )\t sep>at+ ?+s intimately connect$2 yet1 ^u exam9ation1 ,i f9d ! causes ( our emotions & passions to be s num]\s & v>i\s1 z to make a subdivision also necess>y by splitt+ ?is fir/ "p into sev]al sections4 ,human nature is a complicat$ ma*9e1 & mu/ be s to answ] all its purposes4 ,!re h inde$ be5 publi%$ to ! _w1 _m a sy/em ( human nature1 t flatt] ! m9d by _! simplicity4 ,b ^!1 unluckily1 deviate f> f tru? & reality4 ,accord+ to "s writ]s1 man is entirely a selfi% be+3 accord+ to o!rs1 univ]sal b5evol5ce is 8 duty4 ,"o f\nds morality ^u sympa?y solely1 & "o ^u utility4 ,if any ( ^! sy/ems 7 ( nature's production1 ! pres5t subject might be soon discuss$4 ,b ! v>iety ( nature is n s easily rea*$2 & = confut+ su* ,utopian sy/ems )\t ! intricacy ( reason+1 x appe>s ! be/ me?od to ent] into human nature1 & to set be=e ! eye1 pla9ly & c&idly1 facts z !y really exi/4 ,,"p ,i4 ,causes evolv$ ( ! emotions & passions4 ,,sect4 ,i4 ,diff]5ce betwixt emotion & passion4---- ,causes t are ! mo/ common & ! mo/ ext5sive4---- ,passion consid]$ z productive ( action4 ,^! bran*es are s int]wov51 z to make x necess>y t !y be h&l$ toge!r4 ,x is a fact univ]sally admitt$1 t no emotion nor passion ev] />ts up 9 ! m9d1 )\t a kn[n cause4 ,if ,i love a p]son1 x is = good qualities or good (fices3 if ,i h res5tm5t aga9/ a man1 x mu/ be = "s injury he has done me2 & ,i _c pity any "o1 :o is "u no di/ress ( body or ( m9d4 ,! circum/ances n[ m5tion$1 if !y cause or occasion a passion1 _c be entirely indiff]5t3 if !y 71 !y c\ld n move u 9 any degree4 ,& we f9d ^u exam9ation1 t !y are n indiff]5t4 ,look+ back ^u ! =ego+ examples1 ! good qualities or good (fices t attract my love1 are antec$5tly agreeable4 ,if an injury 7 n disagreeable1 x w\ld n occasion any res5tm5t aga9/ ! au?or2 nor w\ld ! passion ( pity be rais$ by an object 9 di/ress1 if t object did n give u pa94 ,^! feel+s antec$5t to passion1 & :i* seem to be ! causes ( passion1 %all be di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( emotions4 ,:at is n[ said ab\t ! production ( passion1 resolves into a v simple proposition1 ,t we love :at is pleasant1 & hate :at is pa9ful4 ,& inde$ x is evid5t1 t )\t antec$5t emotions we c\ld n h any passions2 = a ?+ mu/ be pleasant or pa9ful1 be=e x c be ! object ei!r ( love or ( hatr$4 ,z x appe>s f ?is %ort sket*1 t passions are g5]at$ by means ( prior emotions1 x w be necess>y to take fir/ "u consid]ation emotions & _! causes4 ,su* is ! con/itution ( our nature1 t ^u p]ceiv+ c]ta9 ext]nal objects1 we are in/antane\sly consci\s ( pleasure or pa94 ,a fl[+ riv]1 a smoo? ext5d$ pla91 a spread+ oak1 a t[]+ hill1 are objects ( sight t raise pleasant emotions4 ,a b>r5 hea?1 a dirty m>%1 a rott5 c>cass1 raise pa9ful emotions4 ,( ! emotions ?us produc$1 we inquire = no o!r cause b m]ely ! pres5ce ( ! object4 ,x mu/ fur!r be obs]v$1 t ! ?+s n[ m5tion$1 raise emotions by means ( _! prop]ties & qualities4 ,to ! emotion rais$ by a l>ge riv]1 its size1 its =ce1 & its flu5cy1 contribute ea* a %>e4 ,! pleasures ( regul>ity1 propriety1 conv5i5ce1 compose ! emotion rais$ by a f9e build+4 ,if ext]nal prop]ties make a be+ or ?+ agreeable1 we h reason to expect ! same effect f ^? :i* are int]nal2 & accord+ly p[]1 disc]nm5t1 wit1 mildness1 sympa?y1 c\rage1 b5evol5ce1 r5d] ! possessor agreeable 9 a high degree4 ,s soon z ^! qualities are p]ceiv$ 9 any p]son1 we in/antane\sly feel pleasant emotions1 )\t ! slighte/ act ( reflection or ( att5tion to consequ5ces4 ,x is almo/ unnecess>y to add1 t c]ta9 qualities opposite to ! =m]1 su* z dullness1 peevi%ness1 inhumanity1 c[>dice1 occasion 9 ! same mann] pa9ful emotions4 ,s5sible be+s affect u rem>kably by _! actions4 ,"s actions s soon z p]ceiv$1 raise pleasant emotions 9 ! spectator1 )\t ! lea/ reflection2 su* z graceful motion & g5teel behavi\r4 ,b z ! int5tion ( ! ag5t is a capital circum/ance 9 ! bulk ( human actions1 x requires reflection to discov] _! true "*4 ,if ,i see "o deliv]+ a purse ( money to ano!r1 ,i c make no?+ ( ?is action1 till ,i discov] ) :at int5tion ! money is giv54 ,if x be giv5 to ext+ui% a debt1 ! action is agreeable 9 a slight degree4 ,if x be a grateful return1 ,i feel a /rong] emotion2 & ! pleasurable emotion rises to a great height :5 x is ! int5tion ( ! giv] to relieve a virtu\s family f want4 ,actions are ?us qualifi$ by ! int5tion ( ! ag5t4 ,b !y are n qualifi$ by ! ev5t2 = an action well int5d$ is agreeable1 :atev] be ! consequ5ce4 ,! pleasant or pa9ful emotion t arise? f contemplat+ human actions1 is ( a peculi> k9d4 ,human actions are p]ceiv$ to be "r or wrong2 & ?is p]ception qualifies ! pleasure or pa9 t results f !m#af4 ,n only are emotions rais$ 9 u by ! qualities & actions ( o!rs1 b also by _! feel+s4 ,i _c behold a man 9 di/ress1 )\t p>tak+ ( 8 pa92 nor 9 joy1 )\t p>tak+ ( 8 pleasure4 ,! be+s or ?+s above describ$1 occasion emotions 9 u1 n only 9 ! orig9al survey1 b :5 !y are recall$ to ! memory 9 idea4 ,a field laid out ) ta/e1 is pleasant 9 ! recollection1 z well z :5 "u our eye4 ,a g5]\s action describ$ 9 words or col\rs1 occasions a s5sible emotion1 z well z :5 we see x p]=m$4 ,& :5 we reflect ^u ! di/ress ( any p]son1 our pa9 is ( ! same k9d ) :at we felt :5 eye-witnesses4 ,9 a ^w1 an agreeable or disagreeable object recall$ to ! m9d 9 idea1 is ! occasion ( a pleasant or pa9ful emotion1 ( ! same k9d ) t produc$ :5 ! object 0 pres5t4 ,! only diff]5ce is1 t an idea be+ fa9t] ?an an orig9al p]ception1 ! pleasure or pa9 produc$ by ! =m]1 is proportionably fa9t] ?an t produc$ by ! latt]4 ,hav+ expla9$ ! nature ( an emotion & m5tion$ sev]al causes by :i* x is produc$1 we proce$ to an obs]vation ( consid]able importance 9 ! sci5ce ( human nature1 t "s emotions are accompani$ ) desire1 & t o!rs1 aft] a %ort exi/5ce1 pass away )\t produc+ desire ( any sort4 ,! emotion rais$ by a f9e l&scape or a magnific5t build+1 vani%e? g5]ally )\t atta*+ our he>ts to ! object2 :i* also happ5s ) relation to a numb] ( f9e faces 9 a cr[d$ assembly4 ,b ! bulk ( emotions are accompani$ ) desire ( "o sort or o!r1 provid$ only a fit object = desire be sugge/$4 ,?is is rem>kably ! case ( emotions rais$ by human actions & qualities4 ,a virtu\s action raise? 9 e spectator a pleasant emotion1 :i* is g5]ally att5d$ ) a desire to d good to ! au?or ( ! action4 ,a vici\s action1 on ! o!r h&1 produce? a pa9ful emotion2 & ( consequ5ce a desire to h ! au?or puni%$4 ,ev5 ?+s inanimate (t5 raise desire4 ,! goods ( =tune are objects ( desire almo/ univ]sally2 & ! desire1 :5 m ?an commonly vigor\s1 obta9s ! "n ( av>ice4 ,! pleasant emotion produc$ 9 a spectator by a capital picture 9 ! possession ( a pr9ce1 seldom raise? desire4 ,b if su* a picture be expos$ to sale1 desire ( hav+ or possess+ is ! natural consequ5ce ( ! emotion4 ,if n[ an emotion be sometimes productive ( desire1 somtimes n1 x comes to be a mat]ial inquiry1 9 :at respect a passion diff]s f an emotion4 ,is passion 9 its nature or feel+ di/+ui%able f emotion8 ,i h be5 apt to ?9k t !re mu/ be a di/9ction1 :5 ! emotion seems 9 all cases to prec$e ! passion1 & to be ! cause or occasion ( x4 ,b aft] ! /ricte/ exam9ation1 ,i _c p]ceive any su* di/9ction betwixt emotion & passion4 ,:at is love to a mi/ress1 = example1 b a pleasant emotion rais$ by a sight or idea ( ! p]son belov$1 jo9$ ) desire ( enjoym5t8 ,9 :at else consi/s ! passion ( res5tm5t1 b 9 a pa9ful emotion occasion$ by ! injury1 accompani$ ) desire to *a/ise ! au?or ( ! injury8 ,9 g5]al1 z to e sort ( passion1 we f9d no m 9 ! composition1 b ! p>ticul>s n[ m5tion$1 an emotion pleasant or pa9ful accompani$ ) desire4 ,:at !n %all we say ^u ?is subject8 ,are passion & emotion synonym\s t]ms8 ,?is _c be av]r$4 ,no feel+ nor agitation ( ! m9d void ( desire1 is t]m$ a passion2 & we h discov]$ t !re are _m emotions :i* pass away )\t rais+ desire ( any k9d4 ,h[ is ! difficulty to be solv$8 ,!re appe>s to me b "o solution1 :i* ,i reli% ! m1 z x r5d]s ! doctr9e ( ! passions & emotions simple & p]spicu\s4 ,! solution foll[s4 ,an int]nal motion or agitation ( ! m9d1 :5 x passe? away )\t rais+ desire1 is d5om9at$ an emotion3 :5 desire is rais$1 ! motion or agitation is d5om9at$ a passion4 ,a f9e face1 = example1 raise? 9 me a pleasant feel+4 ,if ?is feel+ vani% )\t produc+ any effect1 x is 9 prop] language an emotion4 ,b if su* feel+1 by reit]at$ views ( ! object1 become suffici5tly /rong to raise desire1 x is no long] t]m$ an emotion1 b a passion4 ,! same holds 9 all ! o!r passions4 ,! pa9ful feel+ rais$ 9 a spectator by a slight injury done to a /rang]1 be+ accompani$ ) no desire ( rev5ge1 is t]m$ an emotion4 ,b ?is injury raise? 9 ! /rang] a /rong] emotion1 :i* be+ accompani$ ) desire ( rev5ge1 is a passion4 ,aga91 ext]nal expressions ( di/ress1 produce 9 ! spectator a pa9ful feel+4 ,?is feel+ is sometimes s slight z to pass away )\t any effect1 9 :i* case x is an emotion4 ,b if ! feel+ be s /rong z to prompt desire ( af=d+ relief1 x is a passion1 & is t]m$ pity4 ,envy is emulation 9 excess4 ,if ! exaltation ( a competitor be b>ely disagreeable1 ! pa9ful feel+ is reckon$ an emotion4 ,if x produce desire to depress him1 x is reckon$ a passion4 ,to prev5t mi/akes1 x mu/ be obs]v$1 t desire "h is tak5 9 its prop] s5se1 viz4 t int]nal impulse :i* makes u proce$ to action4 ,desire 9 a lax s5se respects also actions & ev5ts t dep5d n on u1 z :5 ,i desire t my fri5d may h a son to repres5t him1 or t my c\ntry may fl\ri% 9 arts & sci5ces4 ,b su* int]nal act is m prop]ly t]m$ a wi% ?an a desire4 ,hav+ di/+ui%$ passion f emotion1 we proce$ to consid] passion m at l>ge1 ) respect especially to its p[] ( produc+ action4 ,we h daily & con/ant exp]i5ce = our au?ority1 t no man ev] proce$s to action b ?r\gh ! impulse ( "s antec$5t desire4 ,s well e/abli%$ is ?is obs]vation1 & s deeply root$ 9 ! m9d1 t we c sc>ce imag9e a diff]5t sy/em ( action4 ,ev5 a *ild w say famili>ly1 ,:at %\ld make me d ?is or t :5 ,i h no incl9ation to x8 ,tak+ x !n = grant$1 t ! exi/5ce ( action dep5ds on antec$5t desire2 x foll[s1 t :]e !re is no desire !re c be no action4 ,?is op5s ano!r %9+ di/9ction betwixt emotions & passions4 ,! =m]1 be+ )\t desire1 are 9 _! nature quiesc5t3 ! latt]1 involv+ desire1 h a t5d5cy to action1 & always produce action :]e !y meet ) no ob/ruction4 ,h5ce x foll[s1 t e passion mu/ h an object1 viz4 t be+ or ?+ to :i* our desire is direct$1 & ) a view to :i* e action prompt$ by t desire is p]=m$4 ,! object ( e passion is t be+ or ?+ :i* produc$ x4 ,?is w be evid5t f induction4 ,a f9e woman1 by h] beauty1 causes 9 me ! passion ( love1 :i* is direct$ ^u h] z its object4 ,a man by injur+ me1 raises my res5tm5t2 & becomes !reby ! object ( my res5tm5t4 ,?us ! cause ( a passion1 & its object1 are ! same 9 diff]5t views4 ,an emotion1 on ! o!r h&1 be+ 9 its nature quiesc5t & m]ely a passive feel+1 mu/ h a cause2 b _c be said prop]ly speak+ to h an object4 ,z ! desire involv$ 9 e passion leads to action1 ?is action is ei!r ultimate1 or x is done z a means to "s end4 ,:]e ! action is ultimate1 reason & reflection be> no "p4 ,! action is p]=m$ bl9dly by ! impulse ( passion1 )\t any view4 ,?us "o 9 extreme hung] snat*es at food1 )\t ! slighte/ reflection :e!r x be salut>y or n3 ,av>ice prompts to accumulate weal? )\t ! lea/ view ( use2 & !reby absurdly conv]ts means into an end3 ,fe> (t5 makes u fly be=e we reflect :e!r we really be 9 dang]3 & animal love n less (t5 hurries to fruition1 )\t a s+le ?\ght ( gratification4 ,b = ! mo/ "p1 actions are p]=m$ z means to "s end2 & 9 ^! actions reason & reflection always be> a "p4 ,! end is t ev5t :i* is desir$2 & ! action is delib]ately p]=m$ 9 ord] to br+ ab\t t end4 ,?us affection to my fri5d involves a desire to make him happy2 & ! desire to accompli% t end1 prompts me to p]=m :at ,i judge w contribute to x4 ,:]e ! action is ultimate1 x ha? a cause1 viz4 ! impulse ( ! passion4 ,b we _c prop]ly say x ha? a motive4 ,?is t]m is appropriat$ to actions t are p]=m$ z means to "s end2 & ! conviction t ! action w t5d to br+ ab\t ! end desir$1 is t]m$ a motive4 ,?us passions consid]$ z causes ( action1 are di/+ui%$ into two k9ds2 in/9ctive1 & delib]ative4 ,! fir/ op]at+ bl9dly & by m]e impulse1 dep5d entirely ^u ! s5sitive "p ( our nature4 ,! o!r op]at+ by reflection & by motives1 are connect$ ) ! rational "p4 ,! =ego+ diff]5ce among ! passions1 is ! "w ( nature4 ,exp]i5ce br+s on "s v>iations4 ,by all actions p]=m$ ?r\gh ! impulse ( passion1 desire is gratifi$1 & ! gratification is pleasant4 ,?is lesson we h f exp]i5ce4 ,& h5ce x is1 t aft] an action has (t5 be5 p]=m$ by ! impulse m]ely ( passion1 ! pleasure result+ f p]=mance1 consid]$ be=eh&1 becomes a motive1 :i* jo9s its =ce ) ! orig9al impulse 9 det]m9+ u to act4 ,?us a *ild eats by ! m]e impulse ( hung]3 a "y man ?9ks ( ! pleasure ( gratification1 :i* is a motive = him to eat3 & a man f>!r advanc$ 9 life1 ha? ! additional motive t x w contribute to 8 heal?4 ,in/9ctive passions are di/+ui%$ into two k9ds4 ,:]e ! cause is int]nal1 !y are d5om9at$ appetites3 :]e ext]nal1 !y reta9 ! common "n ( passions4 ,?us hung]1 ?ir/1 animal love1 are t]m$ appetites2 :ile fe> & ang]1 ev5 :5 !y op]ate bl9dly & by m]e impulse1 are t]m$ passions4 ,f ! def9ition ( a motive above giv51 x is easy to det]m9e1 ) ! greate/ accuracy1 :at passions are selfi%1 :at social4 ,no passion c prop]ly be t]m$ selfi%1 b :at prompts me to ex]t actions 9 ord] = my own good2 nor social1 b :at prompts me to ex]t actions 9 ord] = ! good ( ano!r4 ,! motive is t :i* det]m9es a passion to be social or selfi%4 ,h5ce x foll[s1 t our appetites1 :i* make u act bl9dly & by m]e impulse1 _c be reckon$ ei!r social or selfi%2 & z little ! actions !y produce4 ,?us eat+1 :5 prompt$ by an impulse m]ely ( nature1 is nei!r social nor selfi%4 ,b add a motive1 ,t x w contribute to my pleasure or my heal?1 & x becomes 9 a measure selfi%4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 affection moves me to ex]t actions to ! end solely ( advanc+ my fri5d's happ9ess1 )\t ! slighte/ reg>d to my own gratification1 su* actions are ju/ly d5om9at$ social2 & s is ! affection1 t is _! cause4 ,if ano!r motive be add$1 ,t gratify+ ! affection w contribute to my own happ9ess1 ! actions ,i p]=m become p>tly selfi%4 ,animal love :5 ex]t$ into action by natural impulse s+ly1 is nei!r social nor selfi%3 :5 ex]t$ ) a view to gratification & 9 ord] to make me happy1 x is selfi%4 ,:5 ! motive ( giv+ pleasure to its object is sup]add$1 x is p>tly social1 p>tly selfi%4 ,a j action :5 prompt$ by ! love ( ju/ice solely1 is nei!r social nor selfi%4 ,:5 ,i p]=m an act ( ju/ice ) a view to ! pleasure ( gratification1 ! action is selfi%4 ,i pay my debt = my own sake1 n ) a view to b5efit my cr$itor4 ,b let me suppose ! money has be5 advanc$ by a fri5d )\t int]e/1 purely to oblige me4 ,9 ?is case1 toge!r ) ! incl9ation to d ju/ice1 !re arises a motive ( gratitude1 :i* respects ! cr$itor solely1 & prompts me to act 9 ord] to d him good4 ,"h ! action is p>tly social1 p>tly selfi%4 ,suppose aga9 ,i meet ) a surpris+ & unexpect$ act ( g5]osity1 t inspires me ) love to my b5efactor & ! utmo/ gratitude4 ,i burn to d him good3 he is ! sole object ( my desire2 & my own pleasure 9 gratify+ ! desire1 vani%e? out ( sight4 ,9 ?is case1 ! action ,i p]=m is purely social4 ,?us x happ5s1 t :5 a social motive becomes /rong1 ! action is ex]t$ ) a view s+ly to ! object ( ! passion2 & ! selfi% pleasure aris+ f gratification is nev] once consid]$4 ,! same effect ( /ifl+ selfi% motives1 is equally rem>kable 9 o!r passions t are 9 no view social4 ,ambition1 = example1 :5 conf9$ to exaltation z its ultimate end1 is nei!r social nor selfi%4 ,let exaltation be consid]$ z a means to make me happy1 & ! passion becomes s f> selfi%4 ,b if ! desire ( exaltation wax /rong & inflame my m9d1 ! selfi% motive n[ m5tion$ is no long] felt4 ,a slight degree ( res5tm5t1 :]e my *ief view 9 act+ is ! pleasure aris+ to myself f gratify+ ! passion1 is ju/ly d5om9at$ selfi%4 ,:]e rev5ge flames s high z to h no o!r aim b ! de/ruction ( its object1 x is no long] selfi%4 ,9 opposition to a social passion1 x maybe t]m$ dissocial#ag4 ,( self1 e "o ha? a direct p]ception3 ( o!r ?+s1 we h no k b by means ( _! attributes4 ,h5ce x is1 t ( self1 ! p]ception is m lively ?an ( any o!r ?+4 ,self is an agreeable object2 &1 = ! reason n[ giv51 mu/ be m agreeable ?an any o!r object4 ,is n ?is suffici5t to acc\nt = ! preval5ce ( self-love8 ,9 ! =ego+ "p ( ?is *apt]1 x is sugge/$1 t "s circum/ances make be+s or ?+s fit objects = desire1 o!rs n4 ,?is h9t mu/ be pursu$4 ,x is a tru? asc]ta9$ by univ]sal exp]i5ce1 t a ?+ :i* 9 our appreh5sion is beyond rea*1 nev] is ! object ( desire4 ,no man1 9 8 "r s5ses1 desires to walk 9 ! air1 or to desc5d to ! c5tre ( ! e>?4 ,we may amuse ourselves 9 a rev]ie1 ) build+ ca/les 9 ! air1 & wi%+ = :at c nev] happ54 ,b su* ?+s nev] move desire4 ,& inde$ a desire to act w\ld be altoge!r absurd1 :5 we are consci\s t ! action is beyond our p[]4 ,9 ! next place1 ?\gh ! difficulty ( atta9m5t ) respect to ?+s )9 rea*1 (t5 inflames desire2 yet :]e ! prospect ( atta9m5t is fa9t & ! ev5t extremely unc]ta91 ! object1 h[ev] agreeable1 seldom raise? any /rong desire4 ,?us beauty or o!r good qualities 9 a woman ( rank1 seldom raises love 9 any man greatly h] inf]ior4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 diff]5t objects1 equally )9 rea*1 raise emotions 9 diff]5t degrees2 & :5 desire accompanies any ( ^! emotions1 its /r5g?1 z is natural1 is proportion$ to t ( its cause4 ,h5ce ! rem>kable diff]5ce among desires direct$ ^u be+s inanimate1 animate1 & rational4 ,! emotion caus$ by a rational be+1 is out ( measure /rong] ?an any caus$ by an animal )\t reason2 & an emotion rais$ by su* an animal1 is /rong] ?an :at is caus$ by any ?+ inanimate4 ,!re is a sep>ate reason :y desire ( :i* a rational be+ is ! object %\ld be ! /ronge/4 ,desire direct$ ^u su* a be+1 is gratifi$ _m ways1 by lov+1 s]v+1 b5efit+1 ! object2 & x is a well kn[n tru?1 t our desires naturally swell by ex]cise4 ,desire direct$ ^u an inanimate be+1 susceptible nei!r ( pleasure nor pa91 is n capable ( a high] gratification ?an t ( acquir+ ! prop]ty4 ,h5ce x is1 t ?\gh e feel+ :i* raise? desire1 is /rictly speak+ a passion2 yet commonly ^? feel+s only are d5om9at$ passions ( :i* s5sible be+s capable ( pleasure & pa9 are ! objects4 ,,sect4 ,,ii4 ,causes ( ! emotions ( joy & sorr[4 ,?is subject 0 purposely res]v$ = a sep>ate section1 because x c\ld n1 ) p]spicuity1 be h&l$ "u ! g5]al head4 ,an emotion involv+ desire is t]m$ a passion2 & :5 ! desire is fulfill$1 ! passion is said to be gratifi$4 ,! gratification ( e passion mu/ be pleasant1 or 9 o!r words produce a pleasant emotion2 = no?+ c be m natural1 ?an t ! accompli%m5t ( any wi% or desire %\ld affect u ) joy4 ,i _c ev5 except ! case1 :]e a man1 ?r\gh remorse1 is desir\s to *a/ise & puni% himself4 ,! joy ( gratification is prop]ly call$ an emotion2 because x makes u happy 9 our pres5t situation1 & is ultimate 9 its nature1 n hav+ a t5d5cy to any ?+ beyond4 ,on ! o!r h&1 sorr[ mu/ be ! result ( an ev5t contr>y to :at we desire2 = if ! accompli%m5t ( desire produce joy1 x is equally natural t disappo9tm5t %\ld produce sorr[4 ,an ev5t =tunate or un=tunate1 t falls out by accid5t )\t be+ =ese5 or ?\ght (1 & :i* !re=e c\ld n be ! object ( desire1 raise? an emotion ( ! same k9d ) t n[ m5tion$4 ,b ! cause mu/ be diff]5t2 = !re c be no gratification :]e !re is no desire4 ,we h n h[ev] f> to seek = a cause4 ,a man _c be indiff]5t to an ev5t t affects him or any ( 8 connections4 ,if x be =tunate1 x gives him joy2 if un=tunate1 x gives him sorr[4 ,9 no situation do? joy rise to a great] height1 ?an ^u ! removal ( any viol5t di/ress ( m9d or body2 & 9 no situation do? sorr[ rise to a great] height1 ?an ^u ! removal ( :at makes u happy4 ,! s5sibility ( our nature s]ves 9 "p to acc\nt = ^! effects4 ,o!r causes also concur4 ,we c be "u no viol5t di/ress )\t an anxi\s desire to be free f x2 & !re=e its removal is a high gratification4 ,we _c be possess$ ( any ?+ t makes u happy1 )\t wi%+ its cont9uance2 & !re=e its removal by cross+ our wi%es mu/ create sorr[4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,! pr9ciple ( contra/ comes 9 = its %>e4 ,an emotion ( joy aris+ ^u ! removal ( pa91 is increas$ by contra/ :5 we reflect ^u our =m] di/ress4 ,an emotion ( sorr[ ^u be+ depriv$ ( any good1 is increas$ by contra/ :5 we reflect ^u our =m] happ9ess4 ,jaffi]4 ,!re's n a wret* t lives on common *>ity1 ,b's happi] ?an me4 ,= ,i h kn[n ,! lusci\s sweets ( pl5ty3 e night ,h slept ) s(t cont5t ab\t my head1 ,& nev] wak'd b to a joyful morn+4 ,yet n[ mu/ fall l a full e> ( corn1 ,^: blossom 'scap'd1 yet's )]'d 9 ! rip5+4 ,v5ice pres]v'd1 act #a4 sc4 #a4 ,x ha? always be5 reckon$ difficult to acc\nt = ! extreme pleasure t foll[s a cessation ( bodily pa92 z :5 "o is reliev$ f ! rack1 or f a viol5t fit ( ! /one4 ,:at is said1 expla9s ?is difficulty 9 ! easie/ & simple/ mann]4 ,cessation ( bodily pa9 is n ( itself a pleasure2 = a non-ens or a negative c nei!r give pleasure nor pa94 ,b man is s fram$ by nature z to rejoice :5 he is eas$ ( pa91 z well z to be sorr[ful :5 depriv$ ( any good4 ,?is bran* ( our con/itution1 is *iefly ! cause ( ! pleasure4 ,! gratification ( desire comes 9 z an accessory cause2 & contra/ jo9s its =ce1 by increas+ ! s5se ( our pres5t happ9ess4 ,9 ! case ( an acute pa91 a peculi> circum/ance contributes its "p4 ,! brisk circulation ( ! animal spirits occasion$ by acute pa91 cont9ues aft] ! pa9 is vani%$1 & produce? a v pleasant feel+4 ,sickness ha? n t effect1 because x is always att5d$ ) a depression ( spirits4 ,h5ce x is1 t ! gradual dim9ution ( acute pa91 occasions a mixt emotion1 p>tly pleasant1 p>tly pa9ful4 ,! p>tial dim9ution produce? joy 9 proportion2 b ! rema9+ pa9 balance? our joy4 ,?is mixt feel+1 h[ev]1 ha? no long endurance4 ,= ! joy t arise? ^u ! dim9ution ( pa91 soon vani%e?2 & leave? 9 ! undi/urb$ possession1 t degree ( pa9 :i* rema9s4 ,:at is above obs]v$ ab\t bodily pa91 is equally applicable to ! di/resses ( ! m9d2 & accord+ly x is a common artifice1 to prep>e u = ! reception ( good news by al>m+ our fe>s4 ,,sect4 ,,iii4 ,sympa!tic emotion ( virtue1 & its cause4 ,"o feel+ !re is1 t m]its a delib]ate view1 = its s+ul>ity1 z well z utility4 ,:e!r to call x an emotion or a passion1 seems unc]ta94 ,! =m] x c sc>ce be1 because x involves desire2 & ! latt] x c sc>ce be1 because x has no object4 ,b ?is feel+ & its nature w be be/ und]/ood f examples4 ,a signal act ( gratitude1 produce? 9 ! spectator love or e/eem = ! au?or4 ,! spectator ha? at ! same "t a sep>ate feel+2 :i*1 be+ mix$ ) love or e/eem1 ! capital emotion1 ha? n be5 mu* adv]t$ to4 ,x is a vague feel+ ( gratitude1 :i* ha? no object2 b :i*1 h[ev]1 disposes ! spectator to acts ( gratitude1 m ?an ^u ord9>y occasions4 ,let any man att5tively consid] 8 own he>t :5 he ?9ks w>mly ( any signal act ( gratitude1 & he w be consci\s ( ?is feel+1 z di/9ct f ! e/eem or admiration he has = ! grateful p]son4 ,x m]its our utmo/ att5tion1 by unfold+ a curi\s piece ( me*anism 9 ! nature ( man4 ,! feel+ is s+ul> 9 ! foll[+ respect1 t x involves a desire to p]=m acts ( gratitude1 )\t hav+ any p>ticul> object2 ?\gh 9 ?is /ate ! m9d1 wond]fully dispos$ t[>d an object1 neglects no object ^u :i* x c v5t itself4 ,any act ( k9dness or good-w t w\ld n be reg>d$ ^u ano!r occasion1 is gre$ily seiz$2 & ! vague feel+ is conv]t$ into a real passion ( gratitude4 ,9 su* a /ate1 fav\rs are return$ d\ble4 ,aga91 a c\rage\s action produce? 9 a spectator ! passion ( admiration direct$ ^u ! au?or4 ,b beside ?is well-kn[n passion1 a sep>ate feel+ is rais$ 9 ! spectator2 :i* may be call$ an emotion ( c\rage1 because :ile "u its influ5ce he is consci\s ( a boldness & intrepidity beyond ord9>y1 & longs = prop] objects ^u :i* to ex]t ?is emotion4 ,spumantemque d>i1 pecora int] in]tia1 votis ,optat aprum1 aut fulvum desc5d]e monte leonem4 neid4 iv4 #aeh4 ,non altram5te 'il tauro1 oue l' irriti ,geloso amor con /imoli pung5ti ,horribilm5te mugge1 e co' muggiti ,gli spirti 9 se risueglia1 e l'ire ard5ti3 ,e'l corno aguzza a i tron*i1 e p> *'inuiti ,con vani colpi a' la battaglia i v5ti4 ,tasso1 canto #g4 /4 #ee4 ,s full ( val\r t !y smote ! air ,= brea?+ 9 _! faces4 ,tempe/1 act4 #d4 sc4 #d4 ,= ano!r example1 let u figure "s gr& & h]oic action1 highly agreeable to ! spectator4 ,beside a s+ul> v5]ation = ! au?or1 ! spectator feels 9 himself an unusual dignity ( "*1 :i* dispose? him to great & noble actions4 ,& h]e9 pr9cipally consi/s ! extreme delight e "o ha? 9 ! hi/ories ( conqu]ors & h]oes4 ,?is s+ul> feel+1 :i* may be t]m$ ! sympa!tic emotion ( virtue1 resembles1 9 "o respect1 ! well-kn[n appetites t lead to ! propagation & pres]vation ( ! species4 ,! appetites ( hung]1 ?ir/1 & animal love1 arise 9 ! m9d )\t be+ direct$ ^u any p>ticul> object2 & 9 no case :atev] is ! m9d m solicit\s = a prop] object1 ?an :5 "u ! influ5ce ( any ( ^! appetites4 ,! feel+ ,i h endeav\r$ to evolve1 may well be t]m$ ! sympa!tic emotion ( virtue2 = x is rais$ 9 a spectator by virtu\s actions ( e k9d1 & by no o!r sort4 ,:5 we contemplate a virtu\s action1 :i* nev] fails to delight u & to prompt our love = ! au?or1 ! m9d is w>m$ & put into a tone simil> to :at inspir$ ! virtu\s action4 ,! prop5sity we h to su* actions is s mu* enliv5$1 z to become = a "t an actual emotion4 ,b no man ha? a prop5sity to vice z su*4 ,on ! contr>y1 a wick$ de$ disgu/s him1 & makes him abhor ! au?or4 ,?is abhorr5ce is a /rong antidote s long z any impression rema9s ( ! wick$ action4 ,9 a r\gh road1 a halt to view a f9e c\ntry is refre%+2 & "h a delightful prospect op5s ^u u4 ,x is inde$ wond]ful to see :at incitem5ts !re are to virtue 9 ! human frame4 ,ju/ice is p]ceiv$ to be our duty1 & x is gu>d$ by natural puni%m5ts1 f :i* ! guilty nev] escape4 ,to p]=m noble & g5]\s actions1 a w>m s5se ( dignity & sup]ior excell5ce is a mo/ efficaci\s incitem5t#ah4 ,& to leave virtue 9 no qu>t] unsupport$1 "h is unfold$ an admirable contrivance1 by :i* good example comm&s ! he>t & adds to virtue ! =ce ( habit4 ,did our moral feel+s ext5d no f>!r ?an to approve ! action & to be/[ our affection on ! au?or1 good example w\ld n h great influ5ce4 ,b to give x ! utmo/ =ce1 no?+ c be bett] contriv$ ?an ! sympa!tic emotion "u consid]ation1 :i* prompts u to imitate :at we admire4 ,?is s+ul> emotion w readily f9d an object to ex]t itself ^u2 & at any rate1 x nev] exi/s )\t produc+ "s effect4 ,virtu\s emotions ( ?is sort1 are 9 "s degree an ex]cise ( virtue4 ,!y are a m5tal ex]cise at lea/1 if !y %[ n ext]nally4 ,& e ex]cise ( virtue1 int]nal & ext]nal1 leads to habit2 = a disposition or prop5sity ( ! m9d1 l a limb ( ! body1 becomes /rong] by ex]cise4 ,prop] means1 at ! same "t1 be+ ev] at h& to raise ?is sympa!tic emotion1 its frequ5t reit]ation may1 9 a good measure1 supply ! want ( a m complete ex]cise4 ,?us1 by prop] discipl9e1 e p]son may acquire a settl$ habit ( virtue4 ,int]c\rse ) m5 ( wor?1 hi/ories ( g5]\s & dis9t]e/$ actions1 & frequ5t m$itation ^u !m1 keep ! sympa!tic emotion 9 con/ant ex]cise1 :i* by degrees introduce? a habit1 & confirms ! au?ority ( virtue4 ,) respect to education 9 p>ticul>1 :at a spaci\s & commodi\s av5ue to ! he>t ( a "y p]son1 is "h op5$8 ,,sect4 ,,iv4 ,9 _m in/ances "o emotion is productive ( ano!r4 ,! same ( passions4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] x is obs]v$1 t ! relations by :i* ?+s are mutually connect$1 h a rem>kable influ5ce 9 regulat+ ! tra9 ( our ideas4 ,i "h add1 t !y h an influ5ce n less rem>kable1 9 g5]at+ emotions & passions4 ,beg9n+ ) ! =m]1 x holds 9 fact1 t an agreeable object makes e ?+ connect$ ) x appe> agreeable4 ,! m9d glid+ sweetly & easily ?r\gh relat$ objects1 c>ries along ! beauty ( objects t made a figure1 & bl5ds t beauty ) ! idea ( ! pres5t object1 :i* !reby appe>s m agreeable ?an :5 consid]$ ap>t#ai4 ,?is reason may appe> obscure & metaphysical1 b x mu/ be reli%$ :5 we att5d to ! foll[+ examples1 :i* e/abli% ! fact beyond all dispute4 ,no relation is m intimate ?an t betwixt a be+ & its qualities2 & accord+ly1 ! affection ,i be> a man exp&s itself readily ^u all 8 qualities1 :i* by t means make a great] figure 9 my m9d ?an m sub/antial qualities 9 o!rs4 ,! tal5t ( speak+ 9 a fri5d1 is m reg>d$ ?an t ( act+ 9 a p]son ) :om ,i h no connection2 & graceful motion 9 a mi/ress1 gives m delight ?an consummate prud5ce 9 any o!r woman4 ,affection sometimes rises s high1 z to conv]t defects into prop]ties4 ,! wry neck ( ,alex&] 0 imitat$ by 8 c\rti]s z a real beauty1 )\t int5tion to flatt]4 ,?us ,lady ,pi]cy1 speak+ ( h] husb& ,hotspur1 ---- ,by 8 light ,did all ! *ivalry ( ,engl& move1 ,to d brave acts4 ,he 0 inde$ ! glass1 ,:]e9 ! noble y\? did dress !mselves4 ,he _h no legs t practis'd n 8 gait3 ,& speak+ ?ick1 :i* ,nature made 8 blemi%1 ,became ! acc5ts ( ! valiant3 ,= ^? :o c\ld speak l[ & t>dily1 ,w\ld turn _! own p]fection to abuse1 ,to seem l him4 ,second "p1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 act #b4 sc4 #f4 ,:5 ! passion ( love has end$ its c\rse1 its object becomes q a diff]5t creature4---- ,no?+ left ( t g5teel motion1 t gaiety1 t sprightly conv]sation1 ^? numb]less graces1 t =m]ly1 9 ! lov]'s op9ion1 *>m$ all he>ts4 ,! same communication ( passion obta9s 9 ! relation ( pr9cipal & accessory4 ,pride1 ( :i* self is ! object1 exp&s itself ^u a h\se1 a g>d51 s]vants1 equipage1 & e ?+ ( t nature4 ,a lov] addresse? 8 mi/ress's glove 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,sweet ornam5t t decks a ?+ div9e4 ,a temple is 9 a prop] s5se an accessory ( ! deity to :i* x is d$icat$4 ,diana is *a/e1 & n only h] temple1 b ! v isicle :i* hangs on x1 mu/ p>take ( t prop]ty3 ,! noble si/] ( ,poplicola1 ,! moon ( ,rome2 *asle z ! isicle ,t's curdl$ by ! fro/ f pure/ sn[1 ,& hangs on ,dian's temple4 ,coriolanus1 act #e4 sc4 #c4 ,?us x is1 t ! respect & e/eem1 :i* ! great1 ! p[]ful1 ! opul5t naturally comm&1 are 9 "s measure communicat$ to _! dress1 to _! mann]s1 & to all _! connections4 ,x is ?is pr9ciple1 :i* 9 matt]s left to our own *oice prevails ov] ! natural ta/e ( beauty & propriety1 & gives curr5cy to :at is call$ ! fa%ion4 ,by means ( ! same eas9ess ( transition1 ! bad qualities ( an object are c>ri$ along1 & graft$ ^u relat$ objects4 ,e good quality 9 a p]son is ext+ui%$ by hatr$2 & e bad quality is spread ^u all 8 connections4 ,a relation m slight & transitory ?an t ( hatr$1 may h ! same effect4 ,?us ! be>] ( bad tid+s becomes an object ( av]sion3 ,fell[ begone1 ,i _c brook ?y sight1 ,?is news ha? made !e a mo/ ugly man4 ,k+ ,john1 act #c4 sc4 #a4 ,yet ! fir/ br+] ( unwelcome news ,ha? b a los+ (fice3 & 8 tongue ,s\nds ev] aft]1 z a sull5 bell ,rememb]'d1 toll+ a dep>t+ fri5d4 ,second "p1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 act #a4 sc4 #c4 ,?is disposition ( ! m9d to communicate ! prop]ties ( "o object to ano!r1 is n always proportion$ to ! intimacy ( _! connection4 ,! ord] ( ! transition f object to object1 ha? also an influ5ce4 ,! s5se ( ord] op]ates n less p[]fully 9 ?is case1 ?an 9 ! succession ( ideas#bj4 ,if a ?+ be agreeable 9 itself1 all its accessories appe> agreeable4 ,b ! agreeabl5ess ( an accessory1 ext5ds n itself s readily to ! pr9cipal4 ,any dress ^u a f9e woman is becom+2 b ! mo/ elegant ornam5ts ^u "o t is homely1 h sc>ce any effect to m5d h] appe>ance4 ,! reason w be obvi\s1 f :at is said 9 ! *apt] above cit$4 ,! m9d passes m easily f ! pr9cipal to its accessories1 ?an 9 ! opposite direction4 ,! emotions produc$ z above may prop]ly be t]m$ second>y1 be+ occasion$ ei!r by antec$5t emotions or antec$5t passions1 :i* 9 ?is respect may be t]m$ prim>y4 ,& to complete ! pres5t !ory1 ,i mu/ n[ rem>k a diff]5ce betwixt a prim>y emotion & a prim>y passion 9 ! production ( second>y emotions4 ,a second>y emotion _c b be m fa9t ?an ! prim>y2 & !re=e1 if ! *ief or pr9cipal object h n ! p[] to raise a passion1 ! accessory object w h /ill less p[]4 ,b if a passion be rais$ by ! pr9cipal object1 ! second>y emotion may readily swell into a passion = ! accessory1 provid$ ! accessory be a prop] object = desire4 ,& ?us x happ5s t "o passion is (t5 productive ( ano!r4 ,examples are )\t numb]3 ! sole difficulty is a prop] *oice4 ,i beg9 ) self-love1 & ! p[] x ha? to g5]ate o!r passions4 ,! love :i* p>5ts be> _! *ildr51 is an illu/ri\s example ( ! =ego+ doctr9e4 ,e man1 beside mak+ "p ( a great] sy/em1 l a comet1 a planet1 or satellite only2 ha? a less sy/em ( 8 own1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* he repres5ts ! sun disp]s+ 8 fire & heat all ar\nd4 ,! connection betwe5 a man & 8 *ildr51 fundam5tally t ( cause & effect1 becomes1 by ! addition ( o!r circum/ances1 ! complete/ t c be among individuals2 & !re=e1 self-love1 ! mo/ vigor\s ( all passions1 is readily exp&$ ^u *ildr54 ,! second>y emotion !y at fir/ produce by means ( _! connection1 is1 g5]ally speak+1 suffici5tly /rong to move desire ev5 f ! beg9n+2 & ! new passion swells by degrees1 till x rival 9 "s measure self-love1 ! prim>y passion4 ,! foll[+ case w demon/rate ! tru? ( ?is !ory4 ,remorse = betray+ a fri5d1 or murd]+ an enemy 9 cold blood1 makes a man ev5 hate himself4 ,9 ?is /ate1 x is a matt] ( exp]i5ce1 t he is sc>ce consci\s ( any affection to 8 *ildr51 b r ( disgu/ or ill-w4 ,:at cause c be assign$ = ?is *ange1 o!r ?an ! hatr$ :i* beg9n+ at himself1 is exp&$ ^u 8 *ildr58 ,& if s1 may we n ) equal reason d]ive f self-love ! affection a man = ord9>y has to !m8 ,! affection a man be>s to 8 blood-relations1 dep5ds on ! same pr9ciple4 ,self-love is also exp&$ ^u !m2 & ! communicat$ passion1 is m or less vigor\s 9 proportion to ! connection4 ,nor do? self-love re/ "h3 x is1 by ! =ce ( connection1 communicat$ ev5 to ?+s inanimate4 ,& h5ce ! affection a man be>s to 8 prop]ty1 & to e ?+ he calls 8 own4 ,fri5d%ip1 less vigor\s ?an self-love1 is1 = t reason1 less apt to communicate itself to *ildr5 or o!r relations4 ,in/ances h[ev] are n want+1 ( su* communicat$ passion aris+ f fri5d%ip :5 x is /rong4 ,fri5d%ip may g high] 9 ! matrimonial /ate ?an 9 any o!r condition3 & ,otway1 9 ,v5ice pres]v'd1 %[s a f9e ta/e 9 tak+ advantage ( t circum/ance4 ,9 ! sc5e :]e ,belvid]a sues to h] fa!r = p>don1 %e is repres5t$ z plead+ h] "m's m]it1 & ! resemblance %e bore to h] "m4 ,priuli4 ,my daught]6 ,belvid]a4 ,yes1 y\r daught]1 by a "m ,virtu\s & noble1 fai?ful to y\r hon\r1 ,ob$i5t to y\r w1 k9d to y\r wi%es1 ,de> to y\r arms4 ,by all ! joys %e gave y1 ,:5 9 h] bloom+ ye>s %e 0 y\r treasure1 ,look k9dly on me2 9 my face behold ,! l9eam5ts ( h]s y' h kiss'd s (t51 ,plead+ ! cause ( y\r poor ca/-(f *ild4 ,& aga91 ,belvid]a4 ,lay me1 ,i beg y1 lay me ,by ! de> a%es ( my t5d] "m4 ,%e w\ld h piti$ me1 _h fate yet sp>'d h]4 ,act #e4 sc4 #a4 ,?is expla9s :y any m]itori\s action or any illu/ri\s qualification 9 my son or my fri5d1 is apt to make me ov]value myself4 ,if ,i value my fri5d's wife or 8 son ^u acc\nt ( _! connection ) him1 x is /ill m natural t ,i %\ld value myself ^u acc\nt ( my own connection ) him4 ,fri5d%ip1 or any o!r social affection1 may produce opposite effects4 ,pity1 by int]e/+ u /rongly = ! p]son 9 di/ress1 mu/ ( consequ5ce inflame our res5tm5t aga9/ ! au?or ( ! di/ress4 ,=1 9 g5]al1 ! affection we h = any man1 g5]ates 9 u good-w to 8 fri5ds & ill-w to 8 enemies4 ,%akespe> %[s great art 9 ! fun]al oration pron\nc$ by ,antony ov] ! body ( ,cs>4 ,he fir/ endeav\rs to excite grief 9 ! he>]s1 by dwell+ ^u ! deplorable loss ( s great a man4 ,?is passion rais$ to a pit*1 int]e/+ !m /rongly 9 ,cs>'s fate1 c\ld n fail to produce a lively s5se ( ! trea*]y & cruelty ( ! conspirators2 an infallible me?od to inflame ! res5tm5t ( ! multitude beyond all b\nds4 ,antony4 ,if y h te>s1 prep>e to %$ !m n[4 ,y all d "k ?is mantle2 ,i rememb] ,! fir/ "t ev] ,cs> put x on1 ',twas on a summ]'s ev5+ 9 8 t5t1 ,t day he ov]came ! ,n]vii---- ,look6 9 ?is place ran ,cassius' dagg] ?r\gh2-- ,see :at a r5t ! envi\s ,casca made4---- ,?r\gh ?is ! well-belov$ ,brutus /abb'd2 ,& z he pluck'd 8 curs$ /eel away1 ,m>k h[ ! blood ( ,cs> foll['d x6 ,z ru%+ out ( doors1 to be resolv'd1 ,if ,brutus s unk9dly knock'd1 or no3 ,= ,brutus1 z y "k1 0 ,cs>'s angel4 ,judge1 oh y gods6 h[ de>ly ,cs> lov'd him2 ,?is1 ?is1 0 ! unk9de/ cut ( all2 ,= :5 ! noble ,cs> saw him /ab1 ,+ratitude1 m /rong ?an traitors' arms1 ,q vanqui%'d him2 !n bur/ 8 mighty he>t3 ,&1 9 8 mantle muffl+ up 8 face1 ,:i* all ! :ile ran blood1 great ,cs> fell1 ,ev5 at ! base ( ,pompey's /atue4 ,o :at a fall 0 !re1 my c\ntrym56 ,!n ,i & y1 & all ( u fell d[n1 ,:il/ bloody treason fl\ri%'d ov] u4 ,o1 n[ y weep2 & ,i p]ceive y feel ,! d9t ( pity2 ^! are graci\s drops4 ,k9d s\ls6 :at1 weep y :5 y b behold ,our ,cs>'s ve/ure w\nd$8 look y "h6 ,"h is himself1 m>r'd1 z y see1 by traitors4 ,julius ,cs>1 act #c4 sc4 #f4 ,_h ,antony direct$ ^u ! conspirators ! ?\ghts ( 8 audi5ce1 )\t pav+ ! way by rais+ _! grief1 8 spee* p]haps might h fail$ ( success4 ,hatr$ & o!r dissocial passions1 produce effects directly opposite to ^? above m5tion$4 ,if ,i hate a man1 8 *ildr51 8 relations1 nay 8 prop]ty1 become to me objects ( av]sion4 ,8 enemies1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i am dispos$ to e/eem4 ,! m slight & transitory connections1 h g5]ally no p[] to produce a communicat$ passion4 ,ang]1 :5 sudd5 & viol5t1 is "o exception2 = if ! p]son :o did ! injury be remov$ out ( rea*1 ?is passion w v5t itself ^u any relat$ object1 h[ev] slight ! relation be4 ,ano!r exception makes a great] figure4 ,a gr\p ( be+s or ?+s1 becomes (t5 ! object ( a communicat$ passion1 ev5 :]e ! relation ( ! individuals to ! pr9cipal object is b fa9t4 ,?us ?\gh ,i put no value ^u a s+le man = liv+ 9 ! same t[n ) myself2 my t[nsm5 h[ev]1 consid]$ 9 a body1 are pref]r$ be=e o!rs4 ,?is is /ill m rem>kable ) respect to my c\ntrym5 9 g5]al4 ,! gr&eur ( ! complex object1 swells ! passion ( self-love by ! relation ,i h to my native c\ntry2 & e passion1 :5 x swells beyond its ord9>y b\nds1 ha?1 9 t circum/ance1 a peculi> t5d5cy to exp& itself along relat$ objects4 ,9 fact1 in/ances are n r>e1 ( p]sons1 :o1 ^u all occasions1 are will+ to sacrifice _! lives & =tunes = _! c\ntry4 ,su* influ5ce ^u ! m9d ( man1 ha? a complex object1 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 a g5]al t]m#ba4 ,! s5se ( ord] ha?1 9 ! communication ( passion1 an influ5ce n less rem>kable ?an 9 ! communication ( emotions4 ,x is a common obs]vation1 t a man's affection to 8 p>5ts is less vigor\s ?an to 8 *ildr54 ,! ord] ( nature 9 desc5d+ to *ildr51 aids ! transition ( ! affection4 ,! asc5t to a p>5t1 contr>y to ?is ord]1 makes ! transition m difficult4 ,gratitude to a b5efactor is readily ext5d$ to 8 *ildr52 b n s readily to 8 p>5ts4 ,! diff]5ce h[ev] betwixt ! natural & inv]t$ ord]1 is n s consid]able1 b t x may be balanc$ by o!r circum/ances4 ,pl9y#bb gives an acc\nt ( a woman ( rank condemn$ to die = a crime2 &1 to avoid public %ame1 deta9$ 9 prison to die ( hung]4 ,h] life be+ prolong$ beyond expectation1 x 0 discov]$1 t %e 0 n\ri%$ by suck+ milk f ! brea/s ( h] daught]4 ,?is in/ance ( filial piety1 :i* aid$ ! transition & made asc5t n less easy ?an desc5t is = ord9>y1 procur$ a p>don to ! "m1 & a p5sion to bo?4 ,! /ory ( ,&rocles & ! lion#bc may be acc\nt$ = 9 ! same mann]4 ,! admiration1 ( :i* ! lion 0 ! cause1 = 8 k9dness & gratitude to ,&rocles1 produc$ good-w to ,&rocles1 & p>don ( 8 crime4 ,& ?is leads to o!r obs]vations ^u communicat$ passions4 ,i love my daught] less aft] %e is m>ri$1 & my "m less aft] a second m>riage4 ,! m>riage ( my son or my fa!r dim9i%es n my affection s rem>kably4 ,! same obs]vation holds ) respect to fri5d%ip1 gratitude1 & o!r passions4 ,! love ,i be> my fri5d1 is b fa9tly ext5d$ to 8 m>ri$ daught]4 ,! res5tm5t ,i h aga9/ a man1 is readily ext5d$ aga9/ *ildr5 :o make "p ( 8 family3 n s readily aga9/ *ildr5 :o are =isfamiliat$1 especially by m>riage4 ,?is diff]5ce is also m rem>kable 9 daught]s ?an 9 sons4 ,^! are curi\s facts2 & to evolve ! cause we mu/ exam9e m9utely1 t op]ation ( ! m9d by :i* a passion is ext5d$ to a relat$ object4 ,9 consid]+ two ?+s z relat$1 ! m9d is n /ation>y1 b passe? & repasse? f ! "o to ! o!r1 view+ ! relation f ea* ( !m p]haps (t5] ?an once4 ,?is holds m especially 9 consid]+ a relation betwixt ?+s ( unequal rank1 z betwixt ! cause & ! effect1 or betwixt a pr9cipal & an accessory4 ,9 contemplat+ ! relation betwixt a build+ & its ornam5ts1 ! m9d is n satisfi$ ) a s+le transition f ! =m] to ! latt]4 ,x mu/ also view ! relation1 beg9n+ at ! latt]1 & pass+ f x to ! =m]4 ,?is vibration ( ! m9d 9 pass+ & repass+ betwixt ?+s t are relat$1 expla9s ! facts above m5tion$4 ,! m9d passe? easily f ! fa!r to ! daught]2 b :]e ! daught] is m>ri$1 ?is new relation attracts ! m9d1 & ob/ructs1 9 "s measure1 ! return f ! daught] to ! fa!r4 ,any ob/ruction ! m9d meets ) 9 pass+ & repass+ betwixt its objects1 occasions a l ob/ruction 9 ! communication ( passion4 ,! m>riage ( a male ob/ructs less ! eas9ess ( transition2 because a male is less sunk by ! relation ( m>riage ?an a female4 ,! =ego+ in/ances1 are ( passion communicat$ f "o object to ano!r4 ,b "o passion may be g5]at$ by ano!r1 )\t *ange ( object4 ,x may 9 g5]al be obs]v$1 t a passion paves ! way to o!rs1 simil> 9 _! tone1 :e!r direct$ ^u ! same or ^u a diff]5t object4 ,= ! m9d heat$ by any passion1 is1 9 t /ate1 m susceptible ( a new impression 9 a simil> tone1 ?an :5 cool & quiesc5t4 ,x is a common obs]vation1 t pity g5]ally produce? fri5d%ip = a p]son 9 di/ress4 ,pity int]e/s u 9 its object1 & recomm5ds all its virtu\s qualities4 ,= ?is reason1 female beauty %[s be/ 9 di/ress2 & is m apt to inspire love1 ?an ^u ord9>y occasions4 ,b x is *iefly to be rem>k$1 t pity1 w>m+ & melt+ ! spectator1 prep>es him = ! reception ( o!r t5d] affections2 & pity is readily improv$ into love or fri5d%ip1 by a c]ta9 t5d]ness & conc]n = ! object1 :i* is ! tone ( bo? passions4 ,! aptitude ( pity to produce love is beautifully illu/rat$ by ,%akespe>4 ,o!llo4 ,h] fa!r lov'd me1 (t invit$ me2 ,/ill "q'd me ! /ory ( my life1 ,f ye> to ye>2 ! battles1 sieges1 =tunes1 ,t ,i h pa/4 ,i ran x ?r\gh1 e'en f my boyi% days1 ,to ?' v mom5t t he bad me tell x3 ,:]e9 ,i spoke ( mo/ disa/'r\s *ances1 ,( mov+ accid5ts by flood & field2 ,( hair-bread? 'scapes 9 ?' imm95t deadly brea*2 ,( be+ tak5 by ! insol5t foe1 ,& sold to slav]y2 ( my r$emption !nce1 ,& ) x1 all my travel's hi/ory4 ---- ,all ^! to he> ,w\ld ,desdemona s]i\sly incl9e2 ,b /ill ! h\se-affairs w\ld draw h] !nce1 ,:i* ev] z %e c\ld ) ha/e dispat*1 ,%e'd come aga91 & ) a gre$y e> ,dev\r up my disc\rse3 :i* ,i obs]v+1 ,took once a pliant h\r1 & f\nd good means ,to draw f h] a pray] ( e>ne/ he>t1 ,t ,i w\ld all my pilgrimage dilate1 ,:]e( by p>cels %e _h some?+ he>d1 ,b n di/9ctively4 ,i did cons5t1 ,& (t5 did beguile h] ( h] te>s1 ,:5 ,i did speak ( "s di/ressful /roke ,t my y\? suff]'d4 ,my /ory be+ done1 ,%e gave me = my pa9s a _w ( sighs3 ,%e swore1 9 fai?1 'twas /range1 'twas pass+ /range-- ',twas pitiful1 'twas wondr\s pitiful-- ,%e wi%'d %e _h n he>d x3--yet %e wi%'d1 ,t heav'n _h made h] su* a man3--%e ?ank'd me1 ,& bad me1 if ,i _h a fri5d t lov'd h]1 ,i %\ld b tea* him h[ to tell my /ory1 ,& t w\ld woo h]4 ,on ?is h9t ,i spake1 ,%e lov'd me = ! dang]s ,i _h pa/1 ,& ,i lov'd h]1 t %e did pity !m3 ,?is only is ! wit*craft ,i h u'd4 ,o!llo1 act #a4 sc4 #h4 ,9 ?is in/ance x w be obs]v$ t admiration concurr$ ) pity to produce love4 ,,sect4 ,v4 ,causes ( ! passions ( fe> & ang]4 ,fe> & ang]1 to answ] ! purposes ( nature1 are happily s contriv$ z to op]ate ei!r in/9ctively or delib]ately4 ,s f> z !y prompt actions consid]$ z means lead+ to a c]ta9 end1 !y fall 9 ) ! g5]al sy/em1 & require no p>ticul> explanation4 ,if any object h a ?reat5+ appe>ance1 reason sugge/s means to avoid ! dang]4 ,if ,i am injur$1 ! fir/ ?+ ,i ?9k (1 is 9 :at mann] ,i %all be rev5g$1 & :at means ,i %all employ4 ,^! p>ticul>s are n less obvi\s ?an natural4 ,b z ! passions ( fe> & ang]1 s f> z in/9ctive1 are less famili> to u1 & _! nature g5]ally n und]/ood2 ,i ?\ght x w\ld n be unacceptable to ! read] to h !m accurately del9eat$4 ,he may also possibly reli% ! opportunity ( ?is specim51 to h ! nature ( in/9ctive passions m fully expla9$ ?an !re 0 =m]ly occasion to d4 ,i beg9 ) fe>4 ,self-pres]vation is to individuals a matt] ( too great importance to be left entirely "u ! gu>dian%ip ( self-love1 :i* _c be put 9 ex]cise o!rwise ?an by ! int]v5tion ( reason & reflection4 ,nature ha? act$ "h ) h] usual precaution & =esight4 ,fe> & ang] are passions common to all m52 & by op]at+ in/9ctively1 !y frequ5tly af=d security :5 ! sl[] op]ations ( delib]ative reason w\ld be too late4 ,we take n\ri%m5t commonly1 n by ! direction ( reason1 b by ! incitem5t ( hung] & ?ir/4 ,9 ! same mann]1 we avoid dang] by ! incitem5t ( fe>1 :i* (t51 be=e !re is "t = reflection1 place? u 9 safety4 ,?is matt] !n is ord]$ ) consummate wisdom4 ,x is n )9 ! rea* ( fancy1 to conceive any ?+ bett] fitt$ to answ] its purpose1 ?an ?is in/9ctive passion ( fe>1 :i*1 ^u ! fir/ surmise ( dang]1 op]ates in/antane\sly )\t reflection4 ,s little do? ! passion1 9 su* in/ances1 dep5d on reason1 t we (t5 f9d x ex]t$ ev5 9 contradiction to reason1 & :5 we are consci\s t !re is no haz>d4 ,a man :o is n mu* ^u 8 gu>d1 _c avoid %r9k+ at a bl[1 ?\gh he kn[s x to be aim$ 9 sport2 nor clos+ 8 eyes at ! approa* ( :at may hurt !m1 ?\gh he is confid5t x w n come _! l5g?4 ,influ5c$ by ! same in/9ctive passion ( fe>1 infants are mu* affect$ ) a /]n look1 a m5ac+ tone1 or o!r expression ( ang]2 ?\gh1 be+ incapable ( reflection1 !y _c =m ! slighte/ judgem5t ab\t ! import ( ^! signs4 ,?is is all t is necess>y to be said 9 g5]al4 ,! natural connection betwixt fe> & ! ext]nal signs ( ang]1 w be h&l$ 9 ! *apt] ( ! ext]nal signs ( emotions & passions4 ,fe> provides = self-pres]vation by fly+ f h>m2 ang]1 by repell+ x4 ,no?+ inde$ c be bett] contriv$ to repel or prev5t injury1 ?an ang] or res5tm5t4 ,de/itute ( ?is passion1 m51 l def5celess lambs1 w\ld lie con/antly op5 to mis*ief#bd4 ,delib]ate ang] caus$ by a volunt>y injury1 is too well kn[n to require any explanation4 ,if my desire be 9 g5]al to res5t an afront1 ,i mu/ use means1 & ^! means mu/ be discov]$ by reflection4 ,delib]ation is "h requisite2 & 9 ?is1 :i* is ! ord9>y case1 ! passion seldom exce$s j b\nds4 ,b :]e ang] sudd5ly inflames me to return a bl[1 ! passion is in/9ctive1 & ! action ultimate2 & x is *iefly 9 su* cases t ! passion is ra% & ungov]nable1 because x op]ates bl9dly1 )\t af=d+ "t = reason or delib]ation4 ,in/9ctive ang] is frequ5tly rais$ by bodily pa91 :i*1 :5 sudd5 & excessive z by a /roke on a t5d] "p1 ruffl+ ! temp] & unh++ ! m9d1 is 9 its tone simil> to ang]4 ,bodily pa9 by ?is means disposes to ang]1 :i* is z sudd5ly rais$1 provid$ an object be f\nd to v5t x ^u4 ,ang] commonly is n provok$ o!rwise ?an by a volunt>y injury4 ,b :5 a man is ?us be=eh& dispos$ to ang]1 he is n nice nor scrupul\s ab\t an object4 ,! man :o gave ! /roke1 h[ev] accid5tally1 is by an inflammable temp] held a prop] object1 m]ely because he 0 ! occasion ( ! pa94 ,x is /ill a /rong] example ( ! k9d1 t a /ock or a /one1 by :i* ,i am hurt1 becomes an object = my res5tm5t4 ,i am viol5tly incit$ to bray x to atoms4 ,! passion inde$ 9 ?is case is b mom5t>y4 ,x vani%e? ) ! fir/ reflection1 be+ att5d$ ) no circum/ance t c excuse x 9 any degree4 ,nor is ?is irrational effect conf9$ to bodily pa94 ,inw>d di/ress1 :5 excessive1 may be ! occasion ( effects equally irrational4 ,:5 a fri5d is dang] & ! ev5t unc]ta91 ! p]turbation ( m9d occasion$ !reby1 w1 9 a fi]y temp]1 produce mom5t>y fits ( ang] aga9/ ?is v fri5d1 h[ev] innoc5t4 ,?us ,%akespe>1 9 ! ,tempe/1 ,alonzo4---- ,sit d[n & re/4 ,ev'n "h ,i w put (f my hope1 & keep x ,no long] = my flatt]]3 he is dr[n'd ,:om ?us we /ray to f9d1 & ! sea mocks ,our fru/rate se>* on l&4 ,well1 let him g4 ,act #c4 sc4 #c4 ,! f9al words1 ,well1 let him g1 are an expression ( impati5ce & ang] at ,f]d9&1 ^: abs5ce greatly di/ress$ 8 fa!r1 dread+ t he 0 lo/ 9 ! /orm4 ,?is nice op]ation ( ! human m9d1 is by ,%akespe> exhibit$ ^u ano!r occasion1 & f9ely pa9t$4 ,9 ! trag$y ( ,o!llo1 ,iago1 by d>k h9ts & suspici\s circum/ances1 _h r\s$ ,o!llo's jeal\sy2 :i*1 h[ev]1 appe>$ too slightly f\nd$ to be v5t$ ^u ,desdemona1 its prop] object4 ,! p]turbation & di/ress ( m9d !reby occasion$1 produc$ a mom5t>y res5tm5t aga9/ ,iago1 consid]$ z occasion+ ! jeal\sy ?\gh innoc5t4 ,o!llo4 ,villa91 be sure ?\ prove my love a :ore2 ,be sure ( x3 give me ! ocul> pro(4 ,or by ! wra? ( man's et]nal s\l ,?\ had/ be5 bett] h be5 born a dog1 ,?an answ] my wak'd wra?4 ,iago4 ,is't come to ?is8 ,o!llo4 ,make me see't2 or1 at ! lea/1 s prove x1 ,t ! probation be> no h+e or loop ,to hang a d\bt on3 or woe ^u ?y life6 ,iago4 ,my ,noble ,"l---- ,o!llo4 ,if ?\ do/ sl&] h] & torture me1 ,nev] pray m2 ab&on all remorse2 ,on horrors head horrors accumulate2 ,d de$s to make heav'n weep1 all e>? amaz'd3 ,= no?+ can/ ?\ to damnation add ,great] ?an t4 ,o!llo1 act #c4 sc4 #h4 ,?is bl9d & absurd effect ( ang]1 is m gaily illu/rat$ by ,addison1 9 a /ory1 ! dramatis p]son ( :i* are a c>d9al1 & a spy reta9$ 9 pay = intellig5ce4 ,! c>d9al is repres5t$ z m9ut+ d[n e ?+ t is told him4 ,! spy beg9s ) a l[ voice1 8,su* an "o ! advocate :isp]$ to "o ( 8 fri5ds )9 my he>+1 t y\r ,em95ce 0 a v great poltron20 & aft] hav+ giv5 8 patron "t to take x d[n1 adds1 8,t ano!r call$ him a m]c5>y rascal 9 a public conv]sation40 ,! c>d9al replies1 8,v well10 & bids him g on4 ,! spy proce$s1 & loads him ) reports ( ! same nature1 till ! c>d9al rises 9 great wra?1 calls him an impud5t sc\ndrel1 & kicks him out ( ! room#be4 ,we meet ) in/ances e day ( res5tm5t rais$ by loss at play1 & wreak$ on ! c>ds or dice4 ,b ang]1 a furi\s passion1 is satisfi$ ) a connection /ill slight] ?an t ( cause & effect1 ( :i* ,congreve1 9 ! ,m\rn+ ,bride1 gives "o beautiful example4 ,gonsalez4 ,h com=t4 ,alm]ia4 ,curs'd be t tongue t bids me be ( com=t1 ,curs'd my own tongue t c\ld n move 8 pity1 ,curs'd ^! weak h&s t c\ld n hold him "h1 ,= he is gone to doom ,alphonso's dea?4 ,act #d4 sc4 #h4 ,i h *os5 to exhibit ang] 9 its m r>e appe>ances1 = 9 ^! we c be/ trace its nature & ext5t4 ,9 ! examples above giv51 x appe>s to be an absurd passion & altoge!r irrational4 ,b we ought to consid]1 t x is n ! int5tion ( nature to subject ?is passion1 9 e in/ance1 to reason & reflection4 ,x 0 giv5 u to prev5t or to repel injuries2 &1 l fe>1 x (t5 op]ates bl9dly & in/9ctively1 )\t ! lea/ view to consequ5ces4 ,! v fir/ s5sation ( h>m1 sets x 9 motion to repel injury by puni%m5t4 ,7 x m cool & delib]ate1 x w\ld lose its ?reat5+ appe>ance1 & be insuffici5t to gu>d u aga9/ viol5ce & mis*ief4 ,:5 su* is & ought to be ! nature ( ! passion1 x is n wond]ful to f9d x ex]t$ irregul>ly & caprici\sly1 z x sometimes is :]e ! mis*ief is sudd5 & un=ese54 ,all ! h>m t c be done by ! passion 9 ?is case1 is in/antane\s2 = ! %orte/ delay sets all to rights2 & circum/ances are seldom s unlucky z to put x 9 ! p[] ( a passionate man to d mu* h>m 9 an in/ant4 ,,sect4 ,,vi4 ,emotions caus$ by fiction4 ,! att5tive read] w obs]ve1 t 9 acc\nt+ = passions & emotions1 no cause hi!rto has be5 assign$ b :at ha? a real exi/5ce4 ,:e!r x be a be+1 action1 or quality1 t move? u1 x is suppos$ to be an object ( our k1 or at lea/ ( our belief4 ,?is obs]vation discov]s to u t ! subject is n yet exhau/$2 because our passions1 z all ! _w "k1 are mov$ by fiction z well z by tru?4 ,9 judg+ be=eh& ( man1 s rem>kably addict$ to tru? & reality1 "o %\ld little dream t fiction c\ld h any effect ^u him4 ,b man's intellectual faculties are too imp]fect to dive f> ev5 into 8 own nature4 ,i %all take occasion aft]w>d to %[1 t ?is bran* ( ! human con/itution1 is contriv$ ) admirable wisdom & is subs]vi5t to excell5t purposes4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ,i mu/ endeav\r to unfold1 by :at means fiction ha? su* influ5ce on ! m9d4 ,t ! objects ( our s5ses really exi/ 9 ! way & mann] we p]ceive1 is a bran* ( intuitive k4 ,:5 ,i see a man walk+1 a tree gr[+1 or cattle graz+1 ,i h a conviction t ^! ?+s are precisely z !y appe>4 ,if ,i be a spectator ( any transaction or ev5t1 ,i h a conviction ( ! real exi/5ce ( ! p]sons engag$1 ( _! words1 & ( _! actions4 ,nature det]m9es u to rely on ! v]acity ( our s5ses4 ,& inde$1 if our s5ses did n conv9ce u ( ! reality ( _! objects1 !y c\ld n 9 any degree answ] _! end4 ,by ! p[] ( memory1 a ?+ =m]ly se5 may be recall$ to ! m9d ) diff]5t degrees ( accuracy4 ,we commonly are satisfi$ ) a slight recollection ( ! *ief circum/ances2 &1 9 su* recollection1 ! ?+ is n figur$ z pres5t nor any image =m$4 ,i reta9 ! consci\sness ( my pres5t situation1 & b>ely rememb] t =m]ly ,i 0 a spectator4 ,b ) respect to an int]e/+ object or ev5t :i* made a /rong impression1 ! m9d sometimes1 n satisfi$ ) a cursory review1 *utes to revolve e circum/ance4 ,9 ?is case1 ,i conceive myself to be a spectator z ,i 0 orig9ally2 & ,i p]ceive e p>ticul> pass+ 9 my pres5ce1 9 ! same mann] z :5 ,i 0 9 reality a spectator4 ,= example1 ,i saw ye/]day a beautiful woman 9 te>s = ! loss ( an only *ild1 & 0 greatly mov$ ) h] di/ress4 ,n satisfi$ ) a slight recollection or b>e remembrance1 ,i insi/ on ! melan*oly sc5e4 ,conceiv+ myself to be 9 ! place :]e ,i 0 an eye-witness1 e circum/ance appe>s to me z at fir/4 ,i ?9k ,i see ! woman 9 te>s & he> h] moans4 ,h5ce x may be ju/ly said1 t 9 a complete idea ( memory !re is no pa/ nor future4 ,a ?+ recall$ to ! m9d ) ! accuracy ,i h be5 describ+1 is p]ceiv$ z 9 our view1 & consequ5tly z pres5tly exi/+4 ,pa/ "t makes a "p ( an incomplete idea only3 ,i rememb] or reflect1 t "s ye>s ago ,i 0 at ,ox=d1 & saw ! fir/ /one laid ( ! ,ratcliff libr>y2 & ,i rememb] t at a /ill great] di/ance ( "t1 ,i he>d a debate 9 ! h\se ( ,commons ab\t a /&+ army4 ,lam5table is ! imp]fection ( language1 almo/ 9 e p>ticul> t falls n "u ext]nal s5se4 ,i am talk+ ( a matt] exce$+ cle> 9 itself1 & ( :i* e p]son mu/ be consci\s2 & yet ,i f9d no small difficulty to express x cle>ly 9 words2 = x is n accurate to talk ( incid5ts long pa/ z pass+ 9 our sight1 nor ( he>+ at pres5t :at we really he>d ye/]day or p]haps a ye> ago4 ,to ?is necessity ,i am r$uc$1 by want ( prop] words to describe ideal pres5ce & to di/+ui% x f real pres5ce4 ,& ?us 9 ! description1 a pla9 subject becomes obscure & intricate4 ,:5 ,i recall any ?+ 9 ! di/9cte/ mann]1 s z to =m an idea or image ( x z pres5t2 ,i h n words to describe ?is act1 o!r ?an t ,i p]ceive ! ?+ z a spectator1 & z exi/+ 9 my pres5ce4 ,?is means n t ,i am really a spectator2 b only t ,i conceive myself to be a spectator1 & h a consci\sness ( pres5ce simil> to :at a real spectator ha?4 ,z _m rules ( criticism dep5d on ideal pres5ce1 ! read]1 x is expect$1 w take "s pa9s to =m an exact notion ( x1 z di/+ui%$ on ! "o h& f real pres5ce1 & on ! o!r f a sup]ficial or reflective remembrance4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ! =m] by ! foll[+ circum/ance4 ,ideal pres5ce aris+ f an act ( memory1 may prop]ly be t]m$ a wak+ dream2 because1 l a dream1 x vani%e? ^u ! fir/ reflection ( our pres5t situation4 ,real pres5ce1 on ! contr>y1 v\*$ by eye-sight1 comm&s our belief1 n only dur+ ! direct p]ception1 b 9 reflect+ aft]w>d ^u ! object4 ,& to di/+ui% ideal pres5ce f ! latt]1 ,i give ! foll[+ illu/ration4 ,two int]nal acts1 bo? ( !m ex]tions ( memory1 are cle>ly di/+ui%able4 ,:5 ,i ?9k ( an ev5t z pa/1 )\t =m+ any image1 x is b>ely reflect+ or rememb]+ t ,i 0 an eye-witness4 ,b :5 ,i recall ! ev5t s di/9ctly z to =m a complete image ( x1 ,i p]ceive x ideally z pass+ 9 my pres5ce2 & ?is ideal p]ception is an act ( intuition1 into :i* reflection ent]s n m ?an into an act ( sight4 ,?\gh ideal pres5ce be di/+ui%$ f real pres5ce on ! "o side & f reflective remembrance on ! o!r1 x is h[ev] v>iable )\t any precise limits2 ris+ sometimes t[>d ! =m]1 & (t5 s9k+ t[>d ! latt]4 ,9 a vigor\s ex]tion ( memory1 ideal pres5ce is extremely di/9ct4 ,:5 a man1 z 9 a rev]ie1 drops himself out ( 8 ?\ghts1 he p]ceives e ?+ z pass+ be=e him1 & ha? a consci\sness ( pres5ce simil> to t ( a spectator4 ,!re is no o!r diff]5ce1 b t 9 ! =m] ! consci\sness ( pres5ce is less firm & cle> ?an 9 ! latt]4 ,b ?is is seldom ! case4 ,ideal pres5ce is (t5 fa9t1 & ! image s obscure z n to diff] widely f reflective remembrance4 ,hi!rto ( an idea ( memory4 ,i proce$ to consid] ! idea ( a ?+ ,i nev] saw1 rais$ 9 me by spee*1 by writ+1 or by pa9t+4 ,?is idea1 ) respect to ! pres5t matt]1 is ( ! same nature ) an idea ( memory1 be+ ei!r complete or incomplete4 ,an important ev5t1 by a lively & accurate description1 r\ses my att5tion & ins5sibly trans=ms me into a spectator3 ,i p]ceive ideally e incid5t z pass+ 9 my pres5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a slight or sup]ficial n>rative produce? only a fa9t & incomplete idea1 precisely simil> to a reflective recollection ( memory4 ,( su* idea1 ideal pres5ce makes no "p4 ,pa/ "t is a circum/ance t ent]s into ?is idea1 z x do? into a reflective idea ( memory4 ,i believe t ,scipio exi/$ ab\t #bjjj ye>s ago1 & t he ov]came ,hannibal 9 ! fam\s battle ( ,zama4 ,:5 ,i revolve 9 s cursory a mann] t memorable ev5t1 ,i consid] x z long pa/4 ,b suppos+ me to be w>m$ ) ! /ory1 p]haps by a beautiful description1 ,i am ins5sibly trans=m$ to a spectator4 ,i p]ceive ^! two h]oes 9 act to engage2 ,i p]ceive !m br&i%+ _! swords1 & exhort+ _! troops2 & 9 ?is mann] ,i att5d !m ?r\gh e circum/ance ( ! battle4 ,?is ev5t be+ pres5t to my m9d dur+ ! :ole progress ( my ?\ghts1 admits n any "t b ! pres5t4 ,i h _h occasion to obs]ve#bf1 t ideas bo? ( memory & ( spee*1 produce emotions ( ! same k9d ) :at are produc$ by an imm$iate view ( ! object2 only fa9t]1 9 proportion z an idea is fa9t] ?an an orig9al p]ception4 ,! insight we h n[ got1 unfolds ! means by :i* ?is effect is produc$4 ,ideal pres5ce supplies ! want ( real pres5ce2 & 9 idea we p]ceive p]sons act+ & suff]+1 precisely z 9 an orig9al survey4 ,if our sympa?y be engag$ by ! latt]1 x mu/ also 9 "s measure be engag$ by ! =m]4 ,! di/9ctness ( ideal pres5ce1 z above m5tion$1 approa*e? sometimes to ! di/9ctness ( real pres5ce2 & ! consci\sness ( pres5ce is ! same 9 bo?4 ,?is is ! cause ( ! pleasure t is felt 9 a rev]ie1 :]e a man1 los+ sight ( himself1 is totally occupi$ ) ! objefts pass+ 9 8 m9d1 :i* he conceives to be really exi/+ 9 8 pres5ce4 ,! p[] ( spee* to raise emotions1 dep5ds entirely on ! artifice ( rais+ su* lively & di/9ct images z are "h describ$4 ,! read]'s passions are nev] s5sibly mov$1 till he be ?r[n into a k9d ( rev]ie2 9 :i* /ate1 los+ ! consci\sness ( self1 & ( read+1 8 pres5t occupation1 he conceives e incid5t z pass+ 9 8 pres5ce1 precisely z if he 7 an eye-witness4 ,a g5]al or reflective remembrance ha? n ?is effect4 ,x may be agreeable 9 "s slight degree2 b ! ideas sugge/$ by x1 are too fa9t & obscure to raise any ?+ l a sympa!tic emotion4 ,& 7 !y ev] s lively1 !y pass ) too mu* precipitation to h ?is effect4 ,our emotions are nev] in/antane\s3 ev5 ^? t come ! soone/ to p]fection1 h diff]5t p]iods ( bir?1 gr[?1 & maturity2 & to give opportunity = ^! diff]5t p]iods1 x is necess>y t ! cause ( e emotion be pres5t to ! m9d a due "t4 ,! emotion is complet$ by reit]at$ impressions4 ,we "k ?is to be ! case ( objects ( sight3 we are sc>ce s5sible ( any emotion 9 a quick succession ev5 ( ! mo/ beautiful objects4 ,& if ?is hold 9 ! succession ( orig9al p]ceptions1 h[ mu* m 9 ! succession ( ideas8 ,?\gh all ?is :ile1 ,i h be5 only describ+ :at passe? 9 ! m9d ( e "o & :at e "o mu/ be consci\s (1 x 0 necess>y to enl>ge ^u x2 because1 h[ev] cle> 9 ! int]nal conception1 x is f> f be+ s :5 describ$ 9 words4 ,ideal pres5ce1 ?\gh ( g5]al importance1 ha? sc>ce ev] be5 t\*$ by any writ]2 & at any rate x c\ld n be ov]look$ 9 acc\nt+ = ! effects produc$ by fiction4 ,^u ?is po9t1 ! read] ,i guess has prev5t$ me4 ,x already mu/ h occurr$ to him1 t if1 9 read+1 ideal pres5ce be ! means by :i* our passions are mov$1 x makes no diff]5ce :e!r ! subject be a fable or a reality4 ,:5 ideal pres5ce is complete1 we p]ceive e object z 9 our sight2 & ! m9d1 totally occupi$ ) an int]e/+ ev5t1 f9ds no leisure = reflection ( any sort4 ,?is reason+1 if any "o hesitate1 is confirm$ by con/ant & univ]sal exp]i5ce4 ,let u take "u consid]ation ! meet+ ( ,hector & ,&roma*e 9 ! six? book ( ! ,iliad1 or "s ( ! passionate sc5es 9 ,k+ ,le>4 ,^! pictures ( human life1 :5 we are suffici5tly engag$1 give an impression ( reality n less di/9ct ?an t giv5 by ! dea? ( ,o?o 9 ! beautiful description ( ,tacitus4 ,we nev] once reflect :e!r ! /ory be true or feign$4 ,reflection comes aft]w>d1 :5 we h ! sc5e no long] be=e our eyes4 ,?is reason+ w appe> 9 a /ill cle>] light1 by oppos+ ideal pres5ce to ideas rais$ by a cursory n>rative2 :i* ideas be+ fa9t1 obscure1 & imp]fect1 occupy ! m9d s little z to solicit reflection4 ,& accord+ly1 a curt n>rative ( feign$ incid5ts is nev] reli%$4 ,any slight pleasure x af=ds1 is m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by ! disgu/ x inspires = want ( tru?4 ,9 support ( ! =ego+ !ory1 ,i add :at ,i reckon a decisive argum5t4 ,^u exam9ation x w be f\nd1 t g5u9e hi/ory comm&s our passions by means ( ideal pres5ce solely2 & !re=e t ) respect to ?is effect1 g5u9e hi/ory /&s ^u ! same foot+ ) fable4 ,to me x appe>s cle>1 t our sympa?y mu/ vani% s soon z we beg9 to reflect ^u ! incid5ts relat$ 9 ei!r4 ,! reflection t a /ory is a pure fiction1 w inde$ prev5t our sympa?y2 b s w equally ! reflection t ! p]sons describ$ are no long] exi/+4 ,x is pres5t di/ress only t moves my pity4 ,my conc]n vani%es ) ! di/ress2 = ,i _c pity any p]son :o at pres5t is happy4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 f\nd$ cle>ly on human nature1 a man long dead & ins5sible n[ ( pa/ mis=tunes1 _c move our pity m ?an if he _h nev] exi/$4 ,! mis=tunes describ$ 9 a g5u9e hi/ory comm& our belief3 b !n we believe also1 t ^! mis=tunes are at an end1 & t ! p]sons describ$ are at pres5t "u no di/ress4 ,:at effect1 = example1 c ! belief ( ! rape ( ,lucretia h to raise our sympa?y1 :5 %e di$ above #bjjj ye>s ago1 & ha? at pres5t no pa9ful feel+ ( ! injury done h]8 ,! effect ( hi/ory 9 po9t ( in/ruction1 dep5ds 9 "s measure ^u its v]acity4 ,b hi/ory _c rea* ! he>t1 :ile we indulge any reflection ^u ! facts4 ,su* reflection1 if x engage our belief1 nev] fails at ! same "t to poison our pleasure1 by conv9c+ u t our sympa?y = ^? :o are dead & gone is absurd4 ,& if reflection be laid aside1 hi/ory /&s ^u ! same foot+ ) fable4 ,:at effect ei!r ( !m may h to raise our sympa?y1 dep5ds on ! vivacity ( ! ideas !y raise2 & ) respect to t circum/ance1 fable is g5]ally m successful ?an hi/ory4 ,( all ! means = mak+ an impression ( ideal pres5ce1 !atrical repres5tation is ! mo/ p[]ful4 ,t words indep5d5t ( action h ! same p[] 9 a less degree1 e "o ( s5sibility mu/ h felt3 ,a good trag$y w extort te>s 9 private1 ?\gh n s =cibly z ^u ! /age4 ,?is p[] belongs also to pa9t+4 ,a good hi/orical picture makes a deep] impression ?an c be made by words1 ?\gh n equal to :at is made by !atrical action4 ,& z ideal pres5ce dep5ds on a lively impression1 pa9t+ seems to possess a middle place betwixt read+ & act+4 ,9 mak+ an impression ( ideal pres5ce1 x is n less sup]ior to ! =m] ?an inf]ior to ! latt]4 ,x mu/ n h[ev] be ?\ght1 t our passions c be rais$ by pa9t+ to su* a height z c be done by words4 ,( all ! successive incid5ts t concur to produce a great ev5t1 a picture has ! *oice b ( "o1 because x is conf9$ to a s+le in/ant ( "t4 ,& ?\gh ! impression x makes1 is ! deepe/ t c be made in/antane\sly2 yet seldom c a passion be rais$ to any height 9 an in/ant1 or by a s+le impression4 ,x 0 obs]v$ above1 t our passions1 ^? especially ( ! sympa!tic k9d1 require a succession ( impressions2 & = t reason1 read+ & /ill m act+ h greatly ! advantage1 by ! opportunity ( reit]at+ impressions )\t end4 ,^u ! :ole1 x is by means ( ideal pres5ce t our passions are excit$2 & till words produce t *>m !y avail no?+4 ,ev5 real ev5ts intitl$ to our belief1 mu/ be conceiv$ pres5t & pass+ 9 our sight be=e !y c move u4 ,& ?is !ory s]ves to expla9 sev]al ph5om5a o!rwise unacc\ntable4 ,a mis=tune happ5+ to a /rang]1 makes a less impression ?an happ5+ to a man we "k1 ev5 :]e we are no way int]e/$ 9 him3 our acqua9tance ) ?is man1 h[ev] slight1 aids ! conception ( 8 suff]+ 9 our pres5ce4 ,= ! same reason1 we are little mov$ ) any di/ant ev5t2 because we h m difficulty to conceive x pres5t1 ?an an ev5t t happ5$ 9 our neighb\rhood4 ,e "o is s5sible1 t describ+ a pa/ ev5t z pres5t1 has a f9e effect 9 language4 ,= :at o!r reason ?an t x aids ! conception ( ideal pres5ce8 ,take ! foll[+ example4 ,& n[ ) %\ts ! %ock+ armies clos'd1 ,to lances lances1 %ields to %ields oppos'd2 ,ho/ aga9/ ho/ ! %ad[y legions drew1 ,! s\nd+ d>ts an iron tempe/ flew2 ,victors & vanqui%'d jo9 promiscu\s cries1 ,triumph+ %\ts & dy+ groans arise1 ,) /ream+ blood ! slipp'ry field is dy'd1 ,& slaught]'d h]oes swell ! dreadful tide4 ,9 ?is passage we may obs]ve h[ ! writ] inflam$ ) ! subject1 ins5sibly slips f ! pa/ "t to ! pres5t2 l$ to ?is =m ( n>ration by conceiv+ e circum/ance z pass+ 9 8 own sight4 ,& ?is at ! same "t has a f9e effect ^u ! read]1 by advanc+ him to be z x 7 a spectator4 ,b ?is *ange f ! pa/ to ! pres5t requires "s prep>ation2 & is n graceful 9 ! same s5t5ce :]e !re is no /op 9 ! s5se2 witness ! foll[+ passage4 ,?y fate 0 next1 ,o ,ph/us6 doom'd to feel ,! great ,idom5eus' prot5d$ /eel2 ,:om ,borus s5t 8 son & only joy ,f fruitful ,t>ne to ! fields ( ,troy4 ,! ,cretan jav'l9 rea*'d him f af>1 ,& pi]c'd 8 %\ld] z he m\nts 8 c>4 ,iliad1 v4 #eg4 ,x is /ill worse to fall back to ! pa/ 9 ! same p]iod2 = ?is is an anticlimax 9 description3 ,?r\gh break+ ranks 8 furi\s c\rse he b5ds1 ,& at ! goddess 8 broad lance ext5ds2 ,?r\gh h] bright veil ! d>+ weapon drove1 ,?' ambrosial veil1 :i* all ! graces wove3 ,h] sn[y h& ! raz+ /eel pr(an'd1 ,& ! transp>5t sk9 ) crimson /a9'd4 ,iliad1 v4 #dae4 ,aga91 describ+ ! %ield ( ,jupit]1 ,"h all ! t]rors ( grim ,w> appe>1 ,"h rages ,=ce1 "h tremble ,flight & ,fe>1 ,"h /orm'd ,cont5tion1 & "h ,fury fr[n'd1 ,& ! dire orb port5t\s ,gorgon cr[n'd4 ,iliad1 v4 #iad4 ,nor is x pleasant to be c>ri$ backw>d & =w>d alt]nately 9 a rapid succession3 ,!n dy'd ,seam&rius1 exp]t 9 ! *ace1 ,9 woods & wilds to w\nd ! savage race2 ,diana taught him all h] sylvan arts1 ,to b5d ! b[ & aim un]r+ d>ts3 ,b va9ly "h ,diana's arts he tries1 ,! fatal lance arre/s him z he flies2 ,f ,m5elaus' arm ! weapon s5t1 ,?r\gh 8 broad back & heav+ bosom w5t3 ,d[n s9ks ! w>rior ) a ?und'r+ s\nd1 ,8 braz5 armor r+s aga9/ ! gr\nd4 ,iliad1 v4 #fe4 ,x is wond]ful to obs]ve1 ^u :at sl5d] f\ndations nature1 sometimes1 erects h] mo/ solid & magnific5t works4 ,9 appe>ance at lea/1 :at c be m slight ?an ideal pres5ce ( objects8 ,& yet ^u x entirely is sup]/ruct$1 t ext5sive influ5ce :i* language ha? ov] ! he>t2 an influ5ce1 :i*1 m ?an any o!r means1 /r5g!ns ! bond ( society1 & attracts individuals f _! private sy/em to ex]t !mselves 9 acts ( g5]osity & b5evol5ce4 ,matt]s ( fact1 x is true1 & tru? 9 g5]al1 may be inculcat$ )\t tak+ advantage ( ideal pres5ce4 ,b )\t x1 ! f9e/ speak] or writ] w\ld 9 va9 attempt to move any ( our passion3 our sympa?y w\ld be conf9$ to objects t are really pres5t3 & language w\ld lose entirely t signal p[] x possesse?1 ( mak+ u sympa?ize ) be+s remov$ at ! greate/ di/ance ( "t z well z ( place4 ,nor is ! influ5ce ( language1 by means ( ?is ideal pres5ce1 conf9$ to ! he>t4 ,x rea*es also 9 "s measure ! und]/&+1 & contributes to belief4 ,:5 ev5ts are relat$ 9 a lively mann] & e circum/ance appe>s z pass+ be=e u1 x is ) difficulty t we suff] ! tru? ( ! facts to be que/ion$4 ,a hi/orian accord+ly :o ha? a g5ius = n>ration1 seldom fails to engage our belief4 ,! same facts relat$ 9 a mann] cold & indi/9ct1 are n suff]$ to pass )\t exam9ation4 ,a ?+ ill describ$1 is l an object se5 at a di/ance or ?r\gh a mi/3 we d\bt :e!r x be a reality or a fiction4 ,= ?is reason1 a poet :o c w>m & animate 8 read]1 may employ bold] fictions ?an ought to be v5tur$ by an inf]ior g5ius4 ,! read]1 once ?or\ghly engag$1 is 9 t situation susceptible ( ! /ronge/ impressions3 ,v]aque con/ituunt1 qu bell tang]e possunt ,aureis1 et lepido qu sunt fucata sonore4 ,lucretius1 lib4 #a4 l4 #fdd4 ,a ma/]ly pa9t+ has ! same effect4 ,le ,brun is no small support to ,qu9tus ,curtius2 & among ! vulg> 9 ,italy1 ! belief ( scripture-hi/ory is p]haps f\nd$ z mu* ^u ! au?ority ( ,raphael1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & o!r celebrat$ pa9t]s1 z ^u t ( ! sacr$ writ]s#bg4 ,9 e/abli%+ ! =ego+ !ory1 ! read] has _h ! fatigue ( mu* dry reason+4 ,b 8 lab\r w n be fruitless4 ,f ?is !ory are d]iv$ _m useful rules 9 criticism1 :i* %all be m5tion$ 9 _! prop] places4 ,"o specim51 be+ a f9e illu/ration1 ,i *use to give at pres5t4 ,9 a hi/orical poem repres5t+ human actions1 x is a rule1 t no improbable incid5t ought to be admitt$4 ,a circum/ance1 an incid5t1 or an ev5t1 may be s+ul>1 may surprise by be+ unexpect$1 & yet be extremely natural4 ,! improbability ,i talk (1 is t ( an irregul> fact1 contr>y to ! ord] & c\rse ( nature1 & !re=e unacc\ntable4 ,a *a9 ( imag9$ facts l9k$ toge!r accord+ to ! ord] ( nature1 f9d easy entrance into ! m9d2 & if describ$ ) w>m? ( fancy1 !y produce complete images1 includ+ ideal pres5ce4 ,b x is ) great difficulty t we admit any irregul> fact2 = an irregul> fact always puzzles ! judgem5t4 ,d\btful ( its reality we imm$iately ent] ^u reflection1 & discov]+ ! *eat1 lose all reli% & conc]n4 ,?is is an unhappy effect2 = !reaft] x requires m ?an an ord9>y ef=t1 to re/ore ! wak+ dream1 & to make ! read] conceive ev5 ! m probable incid5ts z pass+ 9 8 pres5ce4 ,i nev] 0 an admir] ( ma*9]y 9 an epic poem2 & ,i n[ f9d my ta/e ju/ifi$ by reason2 ! =ego+ argum5t conclud+ /ill m /rongly aga9/ imag9>y be+s1 ?an aga9/ improbable facts4 ,fictions ( ?is nature may amuse by _! novelty & s+ul>ity3 b !y nev] move ! sympa!tic passions1 because !y _c impose on ! m9d any p]ception ( reality4 ,i appeal to ! disc]n+ read]1 :e!r ?is be n precisely ! case ( ! ma*9]y introduc$ by ,tasso & by ,voltaire4 ,?is ma*9]y is n only 9 itself cold & un9t]e/+1 b is rem>kably hurtful1 by giv+ an air ( fiction to ! :ole composition4 ,a burlesque poem1 su* z ! ,lutr9 or ! ,disp5s>y1 may employ ma*9]y ) success2 = ^! poems1 ?\gh !y assume ! air ( hi/ory1 give ent]ta9m5t *iefly by _! pleasant & ludicr\s pictures1 to :i* ma*9]y contributes 9 a s+ul> mann]4 ,x is n ! aim ( su* a poem1 to raise our sympa?y 9 any consid]able degree2 & = t reason1 a /rict imitation ( nature is n requir$4 ,a poem pr(ess$ly ludicr\s1 may employ ma*9]y to great advantage2 & ! m extravagant ! bett]4 ,a j repres5tation ( nature1 w\ld inde$ be incongru\s 9 a composition int5d$ to give ent]ta9m5t by ! means *iefly ( s+ul>ity & surprise4 ,= accompli%+ ! task und]tak5 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t section1 :at only rema9s is1 to %[ ! f9al cause ( ! p[] t fiction ha? ov] ! m9d ( man4 ,i h already m5tion$1 t language1 by means ( fiction1 has ! comm& ( our sympa?y = ! good ( o!rs4 ,by ! same means1 our sympa?y may be also rais$ = our own good4 ,9 ! ?ird section x is obs]v$1 t examples bo? ( virtue & ( vice raise virtu\s emotions2 :i* becom+ /rong] by ex]cise1 t5d to make u virtu\s by habit z well z by pr9ciple4 ,i n[ fur!r obs]ve1 t examples drawn f real ev5ts1 are n s frequ5t z to contribute mu* to a habit ( virtue4 ,if !y be1 !y are n record$ by hi/orians4 ,x !re=e %[s great wisdom1 to =m u 9 su* a mann]1 z to be susceptible ( ! same improvem5t f fable t we receive f g5u9e hi/ory4 ,by ?is admirable contrivance1 examples to improve u 9 virtue may be multipli$ )\t end4 ,no o!r sort ( discipl9e contributes m to make virtue habitual2 & no o!r sort is s agreeable 9 ! application4 ,i add ano!r f9al cause ) ?or\gh satisfaction2 because x %[s1 t ! au?or ( our nature is n less k9dly provid5t = ! happ9ess ( 8 creatures1 ?an = ! regul>ity ( _! conduct4 ,! p[] t fiction ha? ov] ! m9d ( man1 is ! s\rce ( an endless v>iety ( ref9$ amusem5t1 always ready to employ a vacant h\r4 ,su* amusem5t is a f9e res\rce 9 solitude2 & by sweet5+ ! temp]1 improves society4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,emotions & passions z pleasant & pa9ful1 agreeable & disagreeable4 ,modifications ( ^! qualities4 ,x w naturally occur at fir/ view1 t a disc\rse ^u ! passions %\ld comm5ce ) expla9+ ! qualities n[ m5tion$4 ,b ^u trial1 ,i f\nd ?is c\ld n be done di/9ctly1 till ! diff]5ce 7 asc]ta9$ betwixt an emotion & a passion1 & till _! causes 7 evolv$4 ,great obscurity may be obs]v$ among writ]s ) reg>d to ! pres5t po9t4 ,no c>e1 = example1 is tak5 to di/+ui% agreeable f pleasant1 disagreeable f pa9ful2 or r ^! t]ms are deem$ synonym\s4 ,?is is an error n at all v5ial 9 ! sci5ce ( e?ics2 z in/ances c & %all be giv51 ( pa9ful passions t are agreeable1 & ( pleasant passions t are disagreeable4 ,^! t]ms1 x is true1 are us$ indiff]5tly 9 famili> conv]sations1 & 9 composition = amusem5t1 :]e accuracy is n requir$4 ,b = ^? to use !m s :o pr(ess to expla9 ! passions1 is a capital error4 ,9 writ+ ^u ! critical art1 ,i w\ld avoid e ref9em5t t may seem m curi\s ?an useful4 ,b ! prop] mean+ ( ! t]ms "u consid]ation mu/ be asc]ta9$1 9 ord] to und]/& ! passions1 & "s ( _! effects t are intimately connect$ ) criticism4 ,i %all endeav\r to expla9 ^! t]ms by famili> examples4 ,view+ a f9e g>d51 ,i p]ceive x to be beautiful or agreeable2 & ,i consid] ! beauty or agreeabl5ess z belong+ to ! object1 or z "o ( its qualities4 ,aga91 :5 ,i turn my ?\ghts f ! g>d5 to :at passes 9 my m9d1 ,i am consci\s ( a pleasant emotion ( :i* ! g>d5 is ! cause4 ,! pleasure "h is felt1 n z a quality ( ! g>d51 b ( ! emotion produc$ by x4 ,i give an opposite example4 ,a rott5 c>cass is loa?some & disagreeable1 & raises 9 ! spectator a pa9ful emotion4 ,! disagreeabl5ess is a quality ( ! object3 ! pa9 is a quality ( ! emotion produc$ by x4 ,agreeable & disagreeable1 !n1 are qualities ( ! object we p]ceive3 pleasant & pa9ful are qualities ( ! emotions we feel4 ,! =m] qualities are p]ceiv$ z adh]+ to objects2 ! latt] are felt z exi/+ )9 u4 ,b a passion or emotion1 beside be+ felt1 is frequ5tly made an object ( ?\ght or reflection3 we exam9e x2 we inquire into its nature1 its cause1 & its effects4 ,9 ?is view x p>takes ! nature ( o!r objects3 x is ei!r agreeable or disagreeable4 ,h5ce cle>ly appe> ! diff]5t significations ( ! t]ms "u consid]ation1 z appli$ to passion4 ,:5 a passion is t]m$ pleasant or pa9ful1 we ref] to ! actual feel+3 :5 t]m$ agreeable or disagreeable1 x is consid]$ z an object ( ?\ght or reflection4 ,a passion is pleasant or pa9ful to ! p]son 9 :om x exi/s3 x is agreeable or disagreeable to ! p]son :o makes x a subject ( contemplation4 ,:5 ! t]ms ?us def9$ are appli$ to p>ticul> emotions & passions1 !y d n always co9cide4 ,& 9 ord] to make ?is evid5t1 we mu/ endeav\r to asc]ta91 fir/1 :at passions & emotions are pleasant :at pa9ful1 & next1 :at are agreeable :at disagreeable4 ,) respect to bo?1 !re are g5]al rules1 :i*1 s f> z ,i ga!r f induction1 admit n any exceptions4 ,! nature ( an emotion or passion z pleasant or pa9ful1 dep5ds entirely on its cause4 ,an agreeable object produce? always a pleasant emotion2 & a disagreeable object produce? always a pa9ful emotion#bh4 ,?us a l(ty oak1 a g5]\s action1 a valuable discov]y 9 art or sci5ce1 are agreeable objects t un]r+ly produce pleasant emotions4 ,a /9k+ puddle1 a trea*]\s action1 an irregul> ill-contriv$ edifice1 be+ disagreeable objects1 produce pa9ful emotions4 ,selfi% passions are pleasant2 = !y arise f self1 an agreeable object or cause4 ,a social passion direct$ ^u an agreeable object is always pleasant3 direct$ ^u an object 9 di/ress1 is pa9ful#bi4 ,la/ly1 all dissocial passions1 su* z envy1 res5tm5t1 malice1 be+ caus$ by disagreeable objects1 _c fail to be pa9ful4 ,x requires a great] compass to evolve ! g5]al rule t conc]ns ! agreeabl5ess or disagreeabl5ess ( emotions & passions4 ,an action con=mable to ! common nature ( our species1 is p]ceiv$ by u to be regul> & good#cj2 & consequ5tly e su* action appe>s agreeable to u4 ,! same obs]vation is applicable to passions & emotions4 ,e feel+ t is con=mable to ! common nature ( our species1 is p]ceiv$ by u to be regul> & z x ought to be2 & ^u t acc\nt x mu/ appe> agreeable4 ,by ?is g5]al rule we c asc]ta9 :at emotions are agreeable :at disagreeable4 ,e emotion t is con=mable to ! common nature ( man1 ought to appe> agreeable4 ,& t ?is holds true ) respect to pleasant emotions1 w readily be admitt$4 ,b :y %\ld pa9ful emotions be an exception1 :5 !y are n less natural ?an ! o!r8 ,! proportion holds true 9 bo?4 ,?us ! pa9ful emotion rais$ by a mon/r\s bir? or brutal action1 is n less agreeable ^u reflection1 ?an ! pleasant emotion rais$ by a fl[+ riv] or a l(ty dome4 ,) respect to passions z oppos$ to emotions1 x w be obvi\s f ! =ego+ proposition1 t _! agreeabl5ess or disagreeabl5ess1 l ! actions ( :i* !y are productive1 mu/ be regulat$ entirely by ! moral s5se4 ,e action vici\s or improp] is disagreeable to a spectator1 & s is ! passion t prompts x4 ,e action virtu\s or prop] is agreeable to a spectator1 & s is ! passion t prompts x4 ,?is d$uction may be c>ri$ a great way f>!r2 b to avoid intricacy & obscurity1 ,i make b "o o!r /ep4 ,a passion1 :i*1 z a=esaid1 becomes an object ( ?\ght to a spectator1 may h ! effect to produce a passion or emotion 9 him2 = x is natural t a social be+ %\ld be affect$ ) ! passions ( o!rs4 ,passions or emotions ?us g5]at$1 submit1 9 common ) o!rs1 to ! g5]al law above m5tion$1 viz4 t an agreeable object produces a pleasant emotion1 & a disagreeable object a pa9ful emotion4 ,?us ! passion ( gratitude1 be+ to a spectator an agreeable object1 produce? 9 him ! pleasant passion ( love to ! grateful p]son4 ,?us malice1 be+ to a spectator a disagreeable object1 produce? 9 him ! pa9ful passion ( hatr$ to ! malici\s p]son4 ,we are n[ prep>$ = examples ( pleasant passions t are disagreeable1 & ( pa9ful passions t are agreeable4 ,self-love1 s long z conf9$ )9 j b\nds1 is a passion bo? pleasant & agreeable4 ,9 excess x is disagreeable1 ?\gh x cont9ues to be /ill pleasant4 ,our appetites are precisely 9 ! same condition4 ,aga91 vanity1 ?\gh pleasant1 is disagreeable4 ,res5tm5t1 on ! o!r h&1 is1 9 e /age ( ! passion1 pa9ful2 b is n disagreeable unless 9 excess4 ,pity is always pa9ful1 yet always agreeable4 ,b h[ev] di/9ct ^! qualities are1 !y co9cide1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 9 "o class ( passions4 ,all vici\s passions t5d+ to ! hurt ( o!rs1 are equally pa9ful & disagreeable4 ,! =ego+ di/9ctions among passions & emotions1 may s]ve ! common affairs ( life1 b !y are n suffici5t = ! critical art4 ,! qualities ( pleasant & pa9ful are too famili> to c>ry u f> into human nature1 or to =m an accurate judgem5t 9 ! f9e arts4 ,x is fur!r necess>y1 t we be made acqua9t$ ) ! sev]al modifications ( ^! qualities1 ) ! modifications at lea/ t make ! greate/ figure4 ,ev5 at fir/ view e "o is s5sible1 t ! pleasure or pa9 ( "o passion diff]s f t ( ano!r4 ,h[ di/ant ! pleasure ( rev5ge f t ( love8 ,s di/ant1 z t we _c )\t reluctance admit !m to be any way relat$4 ,t ! same quality ( pleasure %\ld be s diff]5tly modifi$ 9 diff]5t passions1 w n be surpris+1 :5 we reflect on ! b\ndless v>iety ( pleasant s\nds1 ta/es1 & smells1 daily felt4 ,our disc]nm5t rea*es diff]5ces /ill m nice1 9 objects ev5 ( ! same s5se4 ,we h no difficulty to di/+ui% diff]5t sweets1 diff]5t s\rs1 & diff]5t bitt]s4 ,honey is sweet1 & s is sug>2 & yet !y nev] pass ! "o = ! o!r4 ,our s5se ( smell+ is suffici5tly acute1 to di/+ui% v>ieties 9 sweet-smell+ fl[]s )\t end4 ,) respect to passions & emotions1 _! diff]5t feel+s h no limits2 = :5 we attempt ! m delicate modifications1 !y elude our se>*1 & are sc>ce disc]nible4 ,9 ?is matt]1 h[ev]1 !re is an analogy betwixt our int]nal & ext]nal s5ses4 ,! latt] g5]ally are suffici5tly acute = all ! useful purposes ( life1 & s are ! =m]4 ,"s p]sons inde$1 ,nature's fav\rites1 h a wond]ful acut5ess ( s5se1 :i* to !m unfolds _m a delightful sc5e totally hid f vulg> eyes4 ,b if su* ref9$ pleasure be refus$ to ! bulk ( mank9d1 x is h[ev] wisely ord]$ t !y are n s5sible ( ! defect2 & x detracts n f _! happ9ess t o!rs secretly are m happy4 ,) relation to ! f9e arts only1 ?is qualification seems ess5tial2 & !re x is t]m$ delicacy ( ta/e4 ,%\ld an au?or ( su* a ta/e attempt to describe all ^? diff]5ces & %ades ( pleasant & pa9ful emotions :i* he himself feels1 he w\ld soon meet an inv9cible ob/acle 9 ! pov]ty ( language4 ,no kn[n tongue hi!rto has rea*$ su* p]fection1 z to express cle>ly ! m delicate feel+s4 ,a p mu/ be ?or\ghly ref9$1 be=e _! language become s compreh5sive4 ,we mu/ !re=e re/ satisfi$ ) an explanation ( ! m obvi\s modifications4 ,9 =m+ a comp>ison betwixt pleasant passions ( diff]5t k9ds1 we conceive "s ( !m to be gross "s ref9$4 ,^? pleasures ( ext]nal s5se t are felt z at ! organ ( s5se1 are conceiv$ to be corporeal or gross#ca4 ,! pleasures ( ! eye & e> are felt to be int]nal2 & = t reason are conceiv$ to be m pure & ref9$4 ,! social affections are conceiv$ by all to be m ref9$ ?an ! selfi%4 ,sympa?y & humanity are reckon$ ! f9e/ temp] ( m9d2 & = t reason1 ! preval5ce ( ! social affections 9 ! progress ( society1 is held to be a ref9em5t 9 our nature4 ,a savage is unqualifi$ = any pleasure b :at is ?or\ghly or ne>ly selfi%3 !re=e a savage is incapable ( comp>+ selfi% & social pleasure4 ,b a man aft] acquir+ a high reli% ( ! latt]1 loses n !reby a ta/e = ! =m]4 ,?is man c judge1 & he w give pref]5ce to social pleasures z m sweet & ref9$4 ,9 fact !y ma9ta9 t "*1 n only 9 ! direct feel+1 b also :5 we make !m ! subject ( reflection4 ,! social passions are by f> m agreeable ?an ! selfi%1 & rise mu* high] 9 our e/eem4 ,ref9$ mann]s & polite behavi\r1 mu/ n be deem$ altoge!r artificial4 ,m5 accu/om$ to ! sweets ( society1 :o cultivate humanity1 f9d an elegant pleasure 9 pref]r+ o!rs & mak+ !m happy1 ( :i* ! pr\d or selfi% sc>ce h a conception4 ,ridicule1 :i* *iefly arises f pride1 a selfi% passion1 is at be/ b a gross pleasure4 ,a p1 x is true1 mu/ h em]g$ out ( b>b>ity be=e !y c h a ta/e = ridicule4 ,b x is too r\gh an ent]ta9m5t = ^? :o are highly poli%$ & ref9$4 ,ridicule is bani%$ ,france1 & is los+ gr\nd daily 9 ,engl&4 ,o!r modifications ( pleasant passions w be occasionally m5tion$ h]eaft]4 ,p>ticul>ly ! modifications ( high & l[ are h&l$ 9 ! *apt] ( gr&eur & sublimity2 & ! modifications ( dignifi$ & mean1 9 ! *apt] ( dignity & meanness4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,int]rupt$ exi/5ce ( emotions & passions4---- ,_! gr[? & decay4 ,7 emotions ( ! same nature ) col\r & figure1 to cont9ue 9 _! pres5t /ate till v>i$ by "s op]at+ cause1 ! condition ( man w\ld be deplorable4 ,x is ord]$ wisely1 t emotions %\ld m resemble ano!r attribute ( matt]1 viz4 motion1 :i* requires ! con/ant ex]tion ( an op]at+ cause1 & ceases :5 ! cause is )drawn4 ,an emotion may subsi/ :ile its cause is pres5t2 & :5 its cause is remov$1 may subsi/ by means ( an idea1 ?\gh 9 a fa9t] degree4 ,b ! mom5t ano!r ?\ght breaks 9 & occupies ! m9d1 s z to exclude n only ?is cause1 b also its idea1 ! emotion is gone3 x is no long] felt4 ,if x return ) its cause or idea1 x aga9 vani%e? ) !m :5 o!r ?\ghts cr[d 94 ,?is obs]vation is applicable to emotions & passions ( e k9d4 ,& ^! accord+ly are connect$ ) p]ceptions & ideas1 s intimately z n to h any indep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,a /rong passion1 x is true1 ha? a mighty influ5ce to deta9 its object 9 ! m9d2 b n s z to deta9 x = ev]4 ,a succession ( p]ceptions or ideas is unavoidable#cb3 ! object ( ! passion may be (t5 recall$2 b h[ev] int]e/+1 x mu/ by int]vals yield to o!r objects4 ,= ?is reason1 a passion r>ely cont9ues long ) an equal degree ( vig\r4 ,x is felt /rong & mod]ate1 9 a pretty quick succession4 ,! same object makes n always ! same impression2 because ! m9d1 be+ ( a limit$ capacity1 _c1 at ! same in/ant1 give great att5tion to a plurality ( objects4 ,! /r5g? ( a passion dep5ds on ! impression made by its cause2 & a cause makes its /ronge/ impression1 :5 happ5+ to be ! s+le int]e/+ object1 x attracts our :ole att5tion#cc4 ,its impression is slight] :5 our att5tion is divid$ betwixt x & o!r objects2 & at t "t ! passion is slight] 9 proportion4 ,:5 emotions & passions are felt ?us by int]vals & h n a cont9u$ exi/5ce1 x may be ?\ght a nice problem1 to asc]ta9 _! id5tity1 & to det]m9e :5 !y are ! same :5 diff]5t4 ,9 a /rict philosophic view1 e s+le impression made ev5 by ! same object1 is di/+ui%able f :at h gone be=e1 & f :at succe$4 ,nei!r is an emotion rais$ by an idea ! same ) :at is rais$ by a sight ( ! object4 ,b su* accuracy is n f\nd 9 common appreh5sion1 nor is necess>y 9 common language4 ,! emotions rais$ by a f9e l&scape 9 its successive appe>ances1 are n di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r1 nor ev5 f ^? rais$ by successive ideas ( ! object3 all ( !m are held to be ! same4 ,a passion also is always reckon$ ! same1 s long z x is fix$ ^u ! same object4 ,?us love & hatr$ may cont9ue ! same = life4 ,nay1 s loose are we 9 ?is way ( ?9k+1 t _m passions are reckon$ ! same ev5 aft] a *ange ( object4 ,?is is ! case ( all passions t proce$ f "s peculi> prop5sity4 ,envy1 = example1 is consid]$ to be ! same passion1 n only :ile x is direct$ ^u ! same p]son1 b ev5 :]e x compreh5ds _m p]sons at once4 ,pride & malice are 9 ! same condition4 ,s mu* 0 necess>y to be said ^u ! id5tity ( a passion & emotion1 9 ord] to prep>e = exam9+ _! gr[? & decay4 ,! gr[? & decay ( passions & emotions1 is a subject too ext5sive to be exhau/$ 9 an und]tak+ l ! pres5t4 ,i pret5d only to give a cursory view ( x1 s f> z necess>y = ! purposes ( criticism4 ,"s emotions are produc$ 9 _! utmo/ p]fection1 & h a v %ort endurance4 ,?is is ! case ( surprise1 ( wond]1 & sometimes ( t]ror4 ,emotions rais$ by ins5sible objects1 su* z trees1 riv]s1 build+s1 pictures1 arrive at p]fection almo/ in/antane\sly1 & h a long endurance3 a second view produce? ne>ly ! same pleasure ) ! fir/4 ,love1 hatr$1 & "s o!r passions1 increase gradually to a c]ta9 pit*1 & !reaft] decay gradually4 ,envy1 malice1 pride1 sc>ce ev] decay4 ,aga91 "s passions1 su* z gratitude & rev5ge1 are (t5 exhau/$ by a s+le act ( gratification4 ,o!r passions1 su* z pride1 malice1 envy1 love1 hatr$1 are n s exhau/$2 b hav+ a long cont9uance1 dem& frequ5t gratification4 ,9 ord] to expla9 ^! diff]5ces1 x w\ld be an endless "w to exam9e e emotion & passion 9 p>ticul>4 ,we mu/ be satisfi$ at pres5t ) "s g5]al views4 ,& ) respect to emotions1 :i* are quiesc5t & n productive ( desire1 _! gr[? & decay are easily expla9$4 ,an emotion caus$ by an ext]nal object1 _c naturally take long] "t to arrive at p]fection1 ?an is necess>y = a leisurely survey4 ,su* emotion also mu/ cont9ue long /ation>y1 )\t any s5sible decay2 a second or ?ird view ( ! object be+ ne>ly z agreeable z ! fir/4 ,?is is ! case ( an emotion produc$ by a f9e prospect1 an impetu\s riv]1 or a t[]+ hill4 ,:ile a man rema9s ! same1 su* objects ought to h ! same effect ^u him4 ,famili>ity1 h[ev]1 ha? an influ5ce "h1 z x ha? e :]e4 ,frequ5cy ( view1 aft] %ort int]vals especially1 weans ! m9d gradually f ! object1 :i* at la/ loses all reli%4 ,! noble/ object 9 ! mat]ial _w1 a cle> & s]5e sky1 is q disreg>d$1 unless p]haps aft] a c\rse ( bad wea!r4 ,an emotion rais$ by human virtues1 qualities1 or actions1 may gr[ imp]ceptibly by reit]at$ views ( ! object1 till x become s vigor\s z to g5]ate desire4 ,9 ?is condition x mu/ be h&l$ z a passion4 ,z to passion1 ,i obs]ve fir/1 t :5 nature requires a passion to be sudd51 x is commonly produc$ 9 p]fection4 ,?is is frequ5tly ! case ( fe> & ( ang]4 ,wond] & surprise are always produc$ 9 p]fection4 ,reit]at$ impressions made by _! cause1 exhau/ ^! passions 9 place ( inflam+ !m4 ,?is w be expla9$ aft]w>d#cd4 ,9 ! next place1 :5 a passion ha? = its f\ndation an orig9al prop5sity peculi> to "s m51 x g5]ally comes soon to p]fection4 ,! prop5sity1 ^u repres5t+ a prop] object1 is imm$iately enliv5$ into a passion4 ,?is is ! case ( pride1 ( envy1 & ( malice4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 love & hatr$ h (t5 a sl[ gr[?4 ,! good qualities or k9d (fices ( a p]son1 raise 9 me pleasant emotions2 :i*1 by reit]at$ views1 are swell$ into a passion involv+ desire ( t p]son's happ9ess4 ,?is desire be+ (t5 put 9 ex]cise1 works gradually a *ange int]nally2 & at la/ produce? 9 me a settl$ habit ( affection = t p]son1 n[ my fri5d4 ,affection ?us produc$1 op]ates precisely l an orig9al prop5sity4 ,to enliv5 x into a passion1 no m is requir$ b ! real or ideal pres5ce ( ! object4 ,! habit ( av]sion or hatr$ is br\ght on 9 ! same mann]4 ,& "h ,i mu/ obs]ve by ! way1 t love & hatr$ signify commonly affection1 n passion4 ,! bulk inde$ ( our passions1 are ^! affections inflam$ into a passion by diff]5t circum/ances4 ,! affection ( love ,i be> to my son1 is inflam$ into ! passion ( fe>1 :5 he is 9 dang]2 becomes hope1 :5 he ha? a prospect ( good =tune2 becomes admiration1 :5 he p]=ms a laudable action2 & %ame1 :5 he commits any wrong4 ,av]sion1 aga91 becomes fe> :5 !re is a prospect ( good =tune to my enemy2 becomes hope :5 he is 9 dang]2 becomes joy :5 he is 9 di/ress2 & sorr[ :5 a laudable action is p]=m$ by him4 ,f\r?ly1 ! gr[? ( "s passions dep5ds (t5 on occasional circum/ances4 ,ob/acles to gratification nev] fail to augm5t & inflame a passion4 ,a con/ant endeav\r to remove ! ob/acle1 pres]ves ! object ( ! passion ev] 9 view1 :i* swells ! passion by impressions frequ5tly reit]at$4 ,?us ! re/ra9t ( consci5ce1 :5 an ob/acle to love1 agitates ! m9d & inflames ! passion3 ,quod licet1 +ratum e/3 quod non licet1 acrius urit4 ,si nunquam ,danan habuisset ah5ea turris1 ,non esset ,dana de ,jove facta p>5s4 ,ovid4 ,amor4 l4 #b4 ,at ! same "t1 ! m9d di/ress$ ) ! ob/acle1 is dispos$ to indulge its di/ress by magnify+ ! pleasure ( gratification2 :i* naturally inflames desire4 ,%akespe> expresses ?is obs]vation f9ely3 ,all imp$im5ts 9 fancy's c\rse1 ,are motives ( m fancy4 ,we ne$ no bett] example ?an a lov] :o ha? _m rivals4 ,ev5 ! caprices ( a mi/ress h ! effect to inflame love4 ,^! occasion+ unc]ta9ty ( success1 t5d naturally to make ! anxi\s lov] ov]value ! happ9ess ( fruition4 ,s mu* ^u ! gr[? ( passions4 ,_! cont9uance & decay come next "u consid]ation4 ,& fir/1 x is a g5]al law ( nature1 t ?+s sudd5 9 _! gr[?1 are equally sudd5 9 _! decay4 ,?is is commonly ! case ( ang]2 & ) respect to wond] & surprise1 ano!r reason concurs1 t _! causes are ( %ort duration4 ,novelty soon deg5]ates into famili>ity2 & ! unexpect$ness ( an object1 is soon sunk 9 ! pleasure :i* ! object af=ds u4 ,fe>1 :i* is a passion ( great] importance z t5d+ to self-pres]vation1 is (t5 in/antane\s1 & yet is ( equal duration ) its cause4 ,nay x frequ5tly subsi/s aft] ! cause is remov$4 ,9 ! next place1 a passion f\nd$ on a peculi> prop5sity1 subsi/s g5]ally = ev]4 ,?is is ! case ( pride1 envy1 & malice4 ,objects are nev] want+1 to inflame ! prop5sity into a passion4 ,?irdly1 x may be laid d[n z a g5]al law ( nature1 t e passion ceases ^u atta9+ its ultimate end4 ,to expla9 ?is law1 we mu/ di/+ui% betwixt a p>ticul> & a g5]al end4 ,i call a p>ticul> end :at may be accompli%$ by a s+le act4 ,a g5]al end1 on ! contr>y1 admits acts )\t numb]2 because x _c be said t a g5]al end is ev] fully accompli%$ :ile ! object ( ! passion subsi/s4 ,gratitude & rev5ge are examples ( ! fir/ k9d4 ,! ends !y aim at may be accompli%$ by a s+le act2 & :5 ?is act is p]=m$1 ! passions are necess>ily at an end4 ,love & hatr$ are examples ( ! o!r k9d4 ,! desire ( do+ good or ( do+ mis*ief to an individual1 is a g5]al end1 :i* admits acts )\t numb]1 & :i* seldom is fully accompli%$4 ,!re=e ^! passions h frequ5tly ! same duration ) _! objects4 ,la/ly1 x w af=d u ano!r g5]al view1 to consid] ! diff]5ce betwixt an orig9al prop5sity & an affection produc$ by cu/om4 ,! =m] adh]es too close to ! con/itution ev] to be eradicat$2 & = t reason ! passions to :i* x gives bir?1 endure dur+ life ) no rem>kable dim9ution ( /r5g?4 ,! latt]1 :i* owes its bir? & increm5t to "t1 owes its decay to ! same cause4 ,affection decays gradually z x grew4 ,h5ce long abs5ce ext+ui%e? hatr$ z well z love4 ,affection we>s out m gradually betwixt p]sons1 :o1 liv+ toge!r1 are objects to ea* o!r ( mutual good-w & k9dness4 ,b "h habit comes 9 luckily1 to supply decay$ affection4 ,x makes ^! p]sons necess>y to ! happ9ess ( ea* o!r1 by ! pa9 ( sep>ation#ce4 ,affection to *ildr5 ha? a long endurance1 long] p]haps ?an any o!r affection4 ,its gr[? keeps pace ) t ( its objects4 ,!y display new beauties & qualifications daily1 to fe$ & augm5t ! affection4 ,b :5ev] ! affection becomes /ation>y1 x mu/ beg9 to decay2 ) a sl[ pace inde$1 9 proportion to its increm5t4 ,9 %ort1 man ) respect to ?is life1 is a tempor>y be+4 ,he gr[s1 becomes /ation>y1 decays2 & s mu/ all 8 p[]s & passions4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,coexi/5t emotions & passions4 ,to h a ?or\gh k ( ! human passions & emotions1 x is n suffici5t t !y be exam9$ s+ly & sep>ately4 ,z a plurality ( !m are sometimes felt at ! same in/ant1 ! mann] ( _! coexi/5ce1 & ! effects !reby produc$1 ought also to be exam9$4 ,?is subject is ext5sive1 & x w be difficult to evolve all ! laws t gov]n its endless v>iety ( cases4 ,su* an und]tak+ may be br\ght to p]fection1 b x mu/ be by degrees4 ,! foll[+ h9ts may suffice = a fir/ attempt4 ,we beg9 ) emotions rais$ by diff]5t s\nds1 z ! simple/ case4 ,two s\nds t mix1 & are1 z x 71 incorporat$ be=e !y rea* ! e>1 are said to be concordant4 ,t ea* s\nd produce? an emotion ( its own1 mu/ be admitt$4 ,b !n ^! emotions1 l ! s\nds t produce !m1 mix s intimately1 z to be r "o complex emotion ?an two emotions 9 conjunction4 ,two s\nds1 aga91 t refuse incorporation or mixture1 are said to be discordant4 ,be+ h[ev] he>d at ! same in/ant1 ! emotions produc$ by !m are conjo9$2 & 9 t condition are unpleasant1 ev5 :]e sep>ately !y are ea* ( !m pleasant4 ,simil> to ! emotion rais$ by mix$ s\nds1 is ! emotion t an object ( sight raises by means ( its sev]al qualities4 ,a tree1 = example1 ) its qualities ( col\r1 figure1 size1 c4 is p]ceiv$ to be "o object2 & ! emotion x raises is "o1 n diff]5t emotions comb9$4 ,b ?\gh ! emotion be "o1 x is h[ev] n simple4 ,! p]ception ( ! tree is complex1 & ! emotion rais$ by x mu/ also be complex4 ,) respect to coexi/5t emotions produc$ by diff]5t causes or objects1 x mu/ be obs]v$1 t !re _c be a concordance among objects ( sight l :at is p]ceiv$ 9 s\nds4 ,objects ( sight are nev] mix$ or incorporat$ 9 ! act ( vision4 ,ea* object is p]ceiv$ z x exi/s1 sep>ately f o!rs2 & ea* raise? its own emotion1 :i* is felt di/9ctly h[ev] intimately connect$ ! objects may be4 ,?is doctr9e holds 9 all ! causes ( emotion or passion1 s\nds only except$4 ,to expla9 ! mann] 9 :i* su* emotions coexi/1 simil> emotions mu/ be di/+ui%$ f ^? t are dissimil>4 ,two emotions are said to be simil>1 :5 !y t5d ea* ( !m to produce ! same tone ( m9d4 ,*e>ful emotions1 h[ev] diff]5t _! causes may be1 are simil>2 & s are ^? :i* are melan*oly4 ,dissimil> emotions are easily expla9$ by _! opposition to :at are simil>4 ,gr&eur & littl5ess1 gaiety & gloom9ess1 are dissimil> emotions4 ,emotions p]fectly simil>1 readily comb9e & unite#cf1 s z 9 a mann] to become "o complex emotion2 witness ! emotions produc$ by a numb] ( fl[]s 9 a p>t]re1 or ( trees 9 a wood4 ,emotions aga9 t are opposite or extremely dissimil>1 nev] comb9e nor unite4 ,! m9d _c simultane\sly take on opposite tones3 x _c at ! same in/ant be bo? joyful & sad1 angry & satisfi$1 pr\d & humble4 ,dissimil> emotions may succe$ ea* o!r ) rapidity1 b !y _c exi/ simultane\sly4 ,betwixt ^! two extremes1 emotions w unite m or less1 9 proportion to ! degree ( _! resemblance & ! great] or less connection ( _! causes4 ,! beauty ( a l&scape & ! s++ ( birds1 produce emotions t are simil> 9 a consid]able degree2 & ^! emotions !re=e1 ?\gh proce$+ f v diff]5t causes1 readily comb9e & unite4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! causes are intimately connect$1 ! emotions1 ?\gh b slightly resembl+ ea* o!r1 are =c$ into a sort ( union4 ,i give = an example a mi/ress 9 di/ress4 ,:5 ,i consid] h] beauty1 ,i feel a pleasant emotion2 & a pa9ful emotion :5 ,i consid] h] di/ress4 ,^! two emotions1 proce$+ f diff]5t views ( ! object1 h v little resemblance to ea* o!r3 & yet _! causes are s intimately connect$1 z to =ce !m into a sort ( complex emotion1 p>tly pleasant p>tly pa9ful4 ,?is cle>ly expla9s "s expressions common 9 poetry1 a sweet di/ress1 a pleasant pa94 ,we proce$ to ! effects produc$ by means ( ! diff]5t mann]s ( coexi/5ce above describ$2 fir/1 ! effects produc$ )9 ! m9d1 & next1 ^? t appe> ext]nally4 ,i discov] two m5tal effects cle>ly di/+ui%able f ea* o!r4 ,! "o may be repres5t$ by addition & subtraction 9 numb]s1 & ! o!r by h>mony 9 s\nds4 ,two pleasant emotions t are simil>1 readily unite :5 !y are coexi/5t2 & ! pleasure felt 9 ! union1 is ! sum ( ! two pleasures4 ,! comb9$ emotions are l multipli$ effects f ! co-op]ation ( diff]5t p[]s4 ,! same emotions 9 succession1 are f> f mak+ ! same figure2 because ! m9d at no in/ant ( ! succession is consci\s ( m ?an a s+le emotion4 ,?is doctr9e may aptly be illu/rat$ by a l&scape compreh5d+ hills1 vallies1 pla9s1 riv]s1 trees1 c4 ,! emotions produc$ by ^! sev]al objects1 be+ simil> 9 a high degree z fall+ 9 easily & sweetly ) ! same tone ( m9d1 are 9 conjunction extremely pleasant4 ,& ?is multipli$ effect is felt f objects ev5 ( diff]5t s5ses2 z :]e a l&scape is conjo9$ ) ! music ( birds & odor ( fl[]s4 ,su* multipli$ effect1 z above h9t$1 dep5ds p>tly on ! resemblance ( ! emotions & p>tly on ! connection ( _! causes2 :5ce x foll[s1 t ! effect mu/ be ! greate/1 :]e ! causes are intimately connect$ & ! emotions p]fectly simil>4 ,! o!r pleasure aris+ f coexi/5t emotions1 :i* may be t]m$ ! pleasure ( concord or h>mony1 is asc]ta9$ by a diff]5t rule4 ,x is directly 9 proportion to ! degree ( resemblance betwixt ! emotions1 & inv]sely 9 proportion to ! degree ( connection betwixt ! causes4 ,to feel ?is pleasure 9 p]fection1 ! resemblance _c be too /rong1 nor ! connection too slight4 ,:]e ! causes are intimately connect$1 ! simil> emotions !y produce are felt l "o complex emotion4 ,b ! pleasure ( h>mony1 is n felt f "o emotion s+le or complex4 ,x is felt f v>i\s simil> emotions1 di/9ct f ea* o!r1 & yet sweetly comb9+ 9 ! m9d2 & ! less connection ! causes h1 ! m entire is ! emotion ( h>mony4 ,?is matt] _c be bett] illu/rat$1 ?an by ! =ego+ example ( a l&scape1 :]e ! sight1 he>+1 & smell+1 are employ$4 ,! accumulat$ pleasure ( s _m diff]5t simil> emotions1 is n :at delights u ! mo/ 9 ?is comb9ation ( objects4 ,! s5se ( h>mony f ^! emotions sweetly unit+ 9 ! m9d1 is /ill m delightful4 ,we feel ?is h>mony 9 ! diff]5t emotions proce$+ f ! visible objects2 b we feel x /ill m s5sibly 9 ! emotions proce$+ f ! objects ( diff]5t s5ses4 ,?is emotion ( concord or h>mony1 w be m fully illu/rat$1 :5 ! emotions produc$ by ! s\nd ( words & _! mean+ are tak5 "u consid]ation#cg4 ,?is emotion ( concord f conjo9$ emotions1 is felt ev5 :]e ! emotions are n p]fectly simil>4 ,love is a pleasant passion2 b !n its sweetness & t5d]ness make x resemble 9 a consid]able degree ! pa9ful passion ( pity or grief2 & = t reason1 love accords bett] ) ^! passions ?an ) :at are gay & sprightly4 ,i give ! foll[+ example f ,catullus1 :]e ! concord betwixt love & grief1 has a f9e effect ev5 9 s slight a subject z ! dea? ( a sp>r[4 ,lugete1 ,v5]es1 ,cupid9esque1 ,et quantum e/ hom9um v5u/iorum6 ,pass] mortuus e/ me puell1 ,quem plus illa oculis suis amabat4 ,nam mellitus erat1 suamque norat ,ipsam tam b5e1 quam puella matrem3 ,nec sese a gremio illius movebat2 ,s$ circumsili5s modo huc1 modo illuc1 ,ad solam dom9am usque pipilabat4 ,qui nunc x p] it] t5ebricosum1 ,illuc1 unde negant r$ire quemquam4 ,at vobis male sit1 mal t5ebr ,orci1 qu omnia bella devoratis2 ,t>n bellum mihi pass]em ab/uli/is4 ,o factum male1 miselle pass]1 ,tua nunc op]a1 me puell ,fl5do turgiduli rub5t ocelli4 ,to complete ?is bran* ( ! subject1 ,i proce$ to consid] ! effects ( dissimil> emotions4 ,^! effects obvi\sly mu/ be opposite to :at are above describ$2 & 9 ord] to expla9 !m ) accuracy1 dissimil> emotions proce$+ f connect$ causes1 mu/ be di/+ui%$ f :at proce$ f causes t are unconnect$4 ,dissimil> emotions ( ! =m] k9d1 be+ =c$ into a sort ( unnatural union1 produce a feel+ ( discord in/ead ( h>mony4 ,x holds also t 9 comput+ _! =ce1 subtraction mu/ be us$ 9 place ( addition1 :i* w be evid5t f :at foll[s4 ,dissimil> emotions =c$ into union1 are felt obscurely & imp]fectly2 = ea* t5ds to v>y ! tone ( m9d t is suit$ to ! o!r2 & ! m9d ?us di/ract$ betwixt two objects1 is at no in/ant 9 a condition to receive a full impression f ei!r4 ,dissimil> emotions proce$+ f unconnect$ causes1 are 9 a v diff]5t condition4 ,dissimil> emotions 9 g5]al are av]se to union2 & z !re is no?+ to =ce !m into union :5 _! causes are unconnect$ emotions ( ?is k9d are nev] felt b 9 succession4 ,by t means1 !y are n felt to be discordant1 & ea* ha? an opportunity to make a full impression4 ,?is curi\s !ory mu/ be illu/rat$ by examples4 ,9 read+ ! description ( ! dismal wa/e1 book #a4 ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 we are s5sible ( a confus$ feel+1 aris+ f dissimil> emotions =c$ into union1 viz4 ! beauty ( ! description & ! horror ( ! object describ$4 ,see/ ?\ yon dre>y pla91 =lorn & wild1 ,! seat ( desolation1 void ( light1 ,save :at ! glimm]+ ( ^! livid flames ,ca/s pale & dreadful8 ,_m o!r passages 9 ?is ju/ly celebrat$ poem produce ! same effect2 & we always obs]ve1 t if ! disagreeabl5ess ( ! subject be obscur$ by ! beautiful description1 ?is beauty is n less obscur$ by its discordant union ) ! disagreeabl5ess ( ! subject4 ,= ! same reason1 asc5d+ smoke 9 a calm morn+ is improp] 9 a picture full ( viol5t action4 ,! emotion ( /illness & tranquillity inspir$ by ! =m]1 accords n ) ! lively & animat$ emotion inspir$ by ! latt]4 ,a p>t]re1 p>tly ornam5t$ p>tly 9 disord]1 produces a mixt feel+ ( ! same sort4 ,two great armies 9 act to engage1 mix ! dissimil> emotions ( gr&eur & ( t]ror4 ,sembra d'alb]i d5si alta =e/a ,l' un campo1 e l' altro2 di tant' a/e abbonda4 ,son tesi gli ar*i1 e son le lance 9 re/a3 ,vibransi i d>di1 e rotasi ogni fionda4 ,ogni cavallo 9 gu]ra anco s' appre/a3 ,gli odii1 e'l furor del suo signor seconda3 ,raspa1 batte1 nitrisce1 e si raggira1 ,gonfia le n>i2 e fumo1 e fuoco spira4 ,bello 9 s bella vi/a anco l'orrore3 ,e di mezzo la tema esce il diletto4 ,ne m5 le trombe orribili1 e canore ,sono a gli orec*i lieto1 e f]o oggetto4 ,pur il campo f$el1 b5* m9ore1 ,p> di suon pi mirabile1 e d'aspetto4 ,e canta 9 pi gu]ri]o1 e *i>o c>me ,ogni sua tromba1 e maggior luce han l'arme4 ,g]usalemme lib]ata1 cant4 #bj4 /4 #bi4 #cj4 ,a virtu\s man has drawn on himself a great mis=tune1 by a fault incid5t to human nature1 & !re=e v5ial4 ,! remorse he feels aggravates 8 di/ress1 & consequ5tly raises our pity to a high pit*4 ,we inde$ blame ! man2 & ! indignation rais$ by ! fault he has committ$1 is dissimil> to pity4 ,^! two passions h[ev] proce$+ f diff]5t views ( ! same object1 are =c$ into a sort ( union4 ,b ! indignation is s slight z sc>ce to be felt 9 ! mixture ) pity4 ,subjects ( ?is k9d1 are ( all ! fitte/ = trag$y4 ,b ( ?is aft]w>d#ch4 ,opposite emotions are s dissimil> z n to admit any sort ( union1 ev5 :]e !y proce$ f causes ! mo/ intimately connect$4 ,love to a mi/ress1 & res5tm5t = h] infidelity1 are ( ?is nature4 ,!y _c exi/ o!rwise ?an 9 succession1 :i* by ! connection ( _! causes is commonly rapid4 ,& ^! emotions w gov]n alt]nately1 till "o ( !m obta9 ! asc5d5t1 or bo? be oblit]at$4 ,a succession op5s to me by ! dea? ( a wor?y man1 :o 0 my fri5d z well z my k9sman4 ,:5 ,i ?9k ( my fri5d ,i am griev$2 b ! succession gives me joy4 ,^! two causes are intimately connect$1 = ! succession is ! direct consequ5ce ( my fri5d's dea?4 ,! emotions h[ev] be+ opposite1 d n mix3 !y prevail alt]nately1 p]haps = a c\rse ( "t1 till grief = my fri5d's dea? be bani%$ by ! pleasures ( opul5ce4 ,a virtu\s man suff]+ unju/ly1 is an example ( ! same k9d4 ,i pity him1 & ,i h great indignation at ! au?or ( ! wrong4 ,^! emotions proce$ f causes ne>ly connect$2 b be+ direct$ ^u diff]5t objects1 !y are n =c$ into union4 ,! opposition pres]ves !m di/9ct2 & accord+ly !y are f\nd to gov]n alt]nately1 ! "o sometimes prevail+ & sometimes ! o!r4 ,next ( dissimil> emotions aris+ f unconnect$ causes4 ,good & bad news ( equal importance arriv+ at ! same in/ant f diff]5t qu>t]s1 produce opposite emotions1 ! discordance ( :i* is n felt because !y are n =c$ into union4 ,!y gov]n alt]nately1 commonly 9 a quick succession1 till _! =ce be sp5t4 ,9 ! same mann]1 good news arriv+ to a man lab\r+ "u di/ress1 occasions a vibration 9 8 m9d f ! "o to ! o!r4 ,osmyn4 ,by heav'n ?\'/ r\s'd me f my le?>gy4 ,! _s :i* 0 deaf to my own wrongs1 ,& ! l\d cries ( my dead fa!r's blood1 ,deaf to rev5ge--nay1 :i* refus'd to he> ,! pi]c+ sighs & murmurs ( my love ,yet un5joy'd2 :at n ,alm]ia c\ld ,revive1 or raise1 my p's voice has wak5'd4 ,o my ,antonio1 ,i am all on fire1 ,my s\l is up 9 arms1 ready to *>ge ,& be> amid/ ! foe ) conqu'r+ troops4 ,i he> 'em call to lead 'em on to lib]ty1 ,to victory2 _! %\ts & clam\rs r5d ,my e>s1 & rea* ! heav'ns3 :]e is ! k+8 ,:]e is ,alphonso8 ha6 :]e6 :]e inde$8 ,o ,i c\ld te> & bur/ ! /r+s ( life1 ,to break ^! *a9s4 ,(f1 (f1 ye /a9s ( royalty6 ,(f1 slav]y6 ,o curse1 t ,i alone ,c beat & flutt] 9 my cage1 :5 ,i ,w\ld so> & /oop at victory b5ea?6 ,m\rn+ ,bride1 act #c4 sc4 #b4 ,if ! emotions be unequal 9 =ce1 ! /rong] aft] a conflict w ext+ui% ! weak]4 ,?us ! loss ( a h\se by fire or ( a sum ( money by bankruptcy1 w make no figure 9 opposition to ! bir? ( a long-expect$ son1 :o is to inh]it an opul5t =tune4 ,aft] "s slight vibrations1 ! m9d settles 9 joy1 & ! loss is =got4 ,! =ego+ obs]vations1 w be f\nd ( great use 9 ! f9e arts4 ,_m practical rules are d]iv$ f !m1 :i* ,i %all h occasion aft]w>d to m5tion4 ,= in/ant satisfaction 9 "p1 ,i propose to %[ ! use ( ^! obs]vations 9 music1 a !me ,i insi/ ^u at pres5t1 n be+ c]ta9 ( ano!r opportunity m fav\rable4 ,x w be admitt$1 t no comb9ation ( s\nds b :at is agreeable to ! e>1 is intitl$ to ! "n ( music4 ,melody & h>mony are sep>ately agreeable & 9 union delightful4 ,! agreeabl5ess ( vocal music diff]s f t ( in/rum5tal4 ,! =m] be+ int5d$ to accompany words1 ought to be expressive ( ! s5tim5t t is convey$ by ! words4 ,b ! latt] hav+ no connection ) words1 may be agreeable )\t express+ any s5tim5t4 ,h>mony prop]ly s call$1 ?\gh delightful :5 9 p]fection1 is n expressive ( s5tim5t2 & we (t5 f9d good melody )\t ! lea/ t9cture ( x4 ,^! prelim9>ies be+ e/abli%$1 ,i proce$ directly to ! po9t4 ,9 vocal music1 ! intimate connection ( s5se & s\nd rejects dissimil> emotions1 ^? especially t are opposite4 ,simil> emotions produc$ by ! s5se & s\nd g naturally into union2 & at ! same "t are felt to be concordant or h>moni\s4 ,dissimil> emotions1 on ! o!r h&1 =c$ into union by causes intimately connect$1 n only obscure ea* o!r1 b are also unpleasant by discordance4 ,f ^! pr9ciples x is easy to say :at sort ( poetical compositions are fitt$ = music4 ,x is evid5t t no poem express+ ! s5tim5ts ( any disagreeable passion is prop]4 ,! pa9 a man feels :o is actuat$ ) malice or unju/ rev5ge1 disqualifies him = reli%+ music or any ?+ t is ent]ta9+4 ,& suppos+ him dispos$1 aga9/ nature1 to v5t 8 s5tim5ts 9 music1 ! mixture w\ld be unpleasant2 = ^! passions raise disgu/ & av]sion 9 ! audi5ce#ci1 a tone ( m9d opposite to e emotion t music c inspire4 ,a man seiz$ ) remorse _c be> music1 because e sort ( x mu/ be discordant ) 8 tone ( m9d2 & :5 ^! by an unskilful arti/ are =c$ into union1 ! mixture is unpleasant to ! audi5ce4 ,9 g5]al1 music nev] c h a good effect 9 conjunction ) any composition expressive ( malice1 envy1 peevi%ness1 or any o!r dissocial passion4 ,! pleasure ( music1 on ! o!r h&1 is simil> to all pleasant emotions2 & music is f9ely qualifi$ = e song :]e su* emotions are express$4 ,music p>ticul>ly 9 a *e>ful tone1 is concordant 9 ! highe/ degree ) e emotion 9 ! same tone2 & h5ce our ta/e = *e>ful airs expressive ( mir? & jollity4 ,music is peculi>ly well qualifi$ = accompany+ e sympa!tic emotion4 ,sympa!tic joy associates f9ely ) *e>ful music1 & sympa!tic pa9 n less f9ely ) music t is t5d] & melan*oly4 ,all ! diff]5t emotions ( love1 viz4 t5d]ness1 conc]n1 anxiety1 pa9 ( abs5ce1 hope1 fe>1 c4 accord delightfully ) music4 ,a p]son 9 love1 ev5 :5 unk9dly treat$1 is soo!d by music4 ,! t5d]ness ( love /ill prevail+1 accords ) a melan*oly /ra94 ,?is is f9ely exemplifi$ by ,%akespe> 9 ! f\r? act ( ,o!llo1 :]e ,desdemona calls = a song expressive ( h] di/ress4 ,wond]ful is ! delicacy ( t writ]'s ta/e1 :i* fails him n ev5 9 ! mo/ ref9$ emotions ( human nature4 ,melan*oly music aga9 is suitable to slight grief1 :i* requires or admits consolation4 ,b deep grief1 :i* refuses all consolation1 rejects = t reason ev5 melan*oly music4 ,= a diff]5t reason1 music is improp] = accompany+ pleasant emotions ( ! m important k9d4 ,^! totally +ross ! m9d1 & leave no place = music or any sort ( amusem5t4 ,9 a p]il\s ent]prise to de?rone a tyrant1 music w\ld be imp]t95t1 ev5 :]e hope prevails1 & ! prospect ( success is great4 ,alex&] attack+ ! ,indian t[n & m\nt+ ! wall1 _h c]ta9ly no impulse to ex]t 8 pr[ess 9 a song4 ,x is true1 t n ! lea/ reg>d is paid to ^! rules ei!r 9 ! ,fr5* or ,italian op]a2 & ! atta*m5t we h to ^! compositions1 may at fir/ sight be consid]$ z a pro( t ! =ego+ doctr9e _c be f\nd$ on human nature4 ,b ! g5]al ta/e = op]as is at bottom no au?ority aga9/ me4 ,9 our op]as ! passions are s imp]fectly express$1 z to leave ! m9d free = reli%+ music ( any sort indiff]5tly4 ,x _c be disguis$1 t ! pleasure ( an op]a is d]iv$ *iefly f ! music1 & sc>ce at all f ! s5tim5ts4 ,a happy co9cid5ce ( emotions rais$ by ! song & by ! music1 is extremely r>e2 & ,i v5ture to affirm1 t !re is no example ( x unless :]e ! emotion rais$ by ! =m] is pleasant z well z t rais$ by ! latt]4 ,! subject we h run ?r\gh1 appe>s n a little ent]ta9+4 ,x is extremely curi\s to obs]ve1 9 _m in/ances1 a plurality ( causes produc+ 9 conjunction a great pleasure3 9 o!r in/ances1 n less frequ5t1 no conjunction1 b ea* cause act+ 9 opposition4 ,to ent] bluntly ^u a subject ( su* intricacy1 might gravel an acute philosoph]2 & yet by tak+ matt]s 9 a tra91 ! intricacy vani%e?4 ,next 9 ord]1 accord+ to ! me?od propos$1 come ext]nal effects4 ,& ?is leads to passions 9 p>ticul>1 :i* involv+ desire are ! causes ( action4 ,two coexi/5t passions t h ! same t5d5cy1 mu/ be simil>4 ,!y accord+ly readily unite1 & 9 conjunction h d\ble =ce2 :i* mu/ hold :e!r ! two passions h ! same or diff]5t causes4 ,?is is v]ifi$ by exp]i5ce2 f :i* we le>n1 t diff]5t passions hav+ ! same end 9 view1 impel ! m9d to action ) unit$ =ce4 ,! m9d receives n impulses alt]nately f ^! passions1 b "o /rong impulse f ! :ole 9 conjunction4 ,& inde$ x is n easy to conceive :at %\ld b> ! union ( passions t h all ( !m ! same t5d5cy4 ,two passions hav+ opposite t5d5cies1 may proce$ f ! same object or cause consid]$ 9 diff]5t lights4 ,?us a mi/ress may at once be ! object bo? ( love & res5tm5t4 ,h] beauty inflames ! passion ( love3 h] cruelty or incon/ancy causes res5tm5t4 ,:5 two su* passions coexi/ 9 ! same brea/1 ! opposition ( _! aim prev5ts any sort ( union4 ,!y are n felt o!rwise ?an 9 succession4 ,& ! consequ5ce mu/ be "o ( two ?+s3 ! passions w balance ea* o!r1 & prev5t ext]nal action2 or "o ( !m w prevail1 & accompli% its end4 ,gu>9i1 9 8 ,pa/or ,fido1 describes beautifully ! /ruggle betwixt love & res5tm5t direct$ ^u ! same object4 ,corisca4 ,*i vide mai1 *i mai udi pi /rana ,e pi folle1 e pi s]a1 e pi importuna ,passione amorosa8 amore1 ed odio ,con s mirabil tempre 9 un cor mi/i1 ,*e l'un p] l'altro 7e non s b5 dir come7 ,e si /rugge1 e s'avanza1 e nasce1 e m4 ,s' i' miro alle bellezze di ,mirtillo ,dal pi leggiadro al grazioso volto1 ,il vago portam5to1 il bel sembiante4 ,gli atti1 i co/umi1 e le p>ole1 e 'l gu>do2 ,m'assale ,amore con s poss5te foco ,*'i' ardo tutta1 e p>1 *' ogn' altro affetto ,da que/o sol sia sup]ato1 e v9to3 ,ma se poi p5so all' o/9ato amore1 ,*' ei porta ad altra donna1 e *e p] lei ,di me non cura1 e sprezza 7il vo' pur dire7 ,la mia famosa1 e da mill' alme1 e mille ,in*9ata belt1 bramata grazia2 ,l'odio cos1 cos l'aborro1 e s*ivo1 ,*e impossibil mi p>1 *'unqua p] lui ,mi s'acc5desse al cor siamma amorosa4 ,tallor meco ragiono3 o s'io petessi ,gioir del mio dolcissimo ,mirtillo1 ,sic*e fosse mio tutto1 e *'altra mai ,poss$] no 'l potesse1 o pi d' ogn' altra ,beata1 e felicissima ,corisca6 ,ed 9 quel punto 9 me sorge un tal5to ,v]so di lui s dolce1 e s g5tile1 ,*e di seguirlo1 e di preg>lo ancora1 ,e di scoprirgli il cor pr5do consiglio4 ,*e pi8 cos mi /imola il desio1 ,*e se potessi allor l'ador]ei4 ,dall' altra p>te i' mi ris5to1 e dico1 ,un ritroso8 uno s*ifo8 un *e non degna8 ,un1 *e pu d'altra donna ess] amante8 ,un1 *'ardisce mir>mi1 e non m'adora8 ,e dal mio volto si dif5de 9 guisa1 ,*e p] amor non m8 ed io1 *e lui ,dovrei v$]1 come molti altri i' veggio ,supplice1 e lagrimosa a' pi$i miei1 ,supplice1 e lagrimoso a' pi$i suoi ,so/]ro di cad]e8 ah non fia mai4 ,ed 9 que/o p5si] tant' ira accoglio ,contra di lui1 contra di me1 *e volsi ,a seguirlo il p5si]1 gli oc*i a mir>lo1 ,*e 'l nome di ,mirtillo1 e l'amor mio ,odio pi *e la morte2 e lui vorrei ,v$] il pi dol5te1 il pi infelice ,pa/or1 *e viva2 e se potessi allora1 ,con le mie proprie man l'ancid]ei4 ,cos sdegno1 desire1 odio1 ed amore ,mi fanno gu]ra1 ed io1 *e /ata sono ,sempre s9 qui di mille cor la fiamma1 ,di mill' alme il torm5to1 ardo1 e languisco3 ,e provo nel mio mal le p5e altrui4 ,act #a4 sc4 #c4 ,ovid pa9ts 9 lively col\rs ! vibration ( m9d betwixt two opposite passions direct$ ^u ! same object4 ,al!a _h two bro!rs mu* belov$1 :o 7 unju/ly put to dea? by h] son ,meleag] 9 a fit ( passion4 ,%e 0 /rongly impell$ to rev5ge2 b ! crim9al 0 h] own son4 ,?is ought to h )-held h] h&4 ,b ! /ory makes a bett] figure & is m int]e/+1 by ! viol5ce ( ! /ruggle betwixt res5tm5t & mat]nal love4 ,dona ,deum templis nato victore f]ebat2 ,cum videt ext9ctos fratres ,al?a ref]ri4 ,qu plangore dato1 m/is ululatibus urbem ,implet2 et auratis mutavit ve/ibus atras4 ,at simul e/ auctor necis editus2 excidit omnis ,luctus3 et a lacrymis 9 pn v]sus amorem e/4 ,/ipes erat1 quem1 cum p>tus enixa jac]et ,!/ias1 9 flammam triplices posure sorores2 ,/am9aque impresso fatalia pollice n5tes1 ,tempora1 dix]unt1 eadem lignoque1 tibique1 ,o modo nate1 damus4 ,quo po/quam c>m9e dicto ,excess]e de2 flagrantem mat] ab igne ,erripuit torrem3 sp>sitque liqu5tibus undis4 ,ille diu fu]at p5etralibus abditus imis2 ,s]vatusque1 tuos1 juv5is1 s]vav]at annos4 ,protulit hunc g5itrix1 tdasque 9 fragm9a poni ,imp]at2 et positis inimicos admovet ignes4 ,tum conata quat] flammis impon]e ramum ,cpta quat] t5uit4 ,pugnat mat]que1 sororque1 ,et div]sa trahunt unum duo nom9a pectus4 ,spe metu scel]is pallebant ora futuri3 ,spe suum f]v5s oculis dabat ira ruborem1 ,et modo nescio quid similis crudele m9anti ,vultus erat2 modo quem mis]]i cr$]e posses3 ,cumque f]us lacrymas animi siccav]at ardor2 ,inv5iebantur lacrym tam54 ,utque c>9a1 ,quam v5tus1 v5toque contr>ius /us1 ,vim gem9am s5tit1 p>etque inc]ta duobus3 ,!/ias haud alit] dubiis affectibus errat1 ,inque vices ponit1 positamque resuscitat iram4 ,incipit esse tamem melior g]mana p>5te2 ,et1 consangu9eas ut sangu9e l5iat umbras1 ,impietate pia e/4 ,nam po/qnam pe/if] ignis ,convaluit3 ,rogus i/e cremet mea visc]a1 dixit4 ,utque manu dir lignum fatale t5ebat2 ,ante sepul*rales infelix ad/itit aras4 ,pn>umque de triplices furialibus1 inquit1 ,eum5ides1 sacris vultus adv]tite ve/ros4 ,ulciscor1 facioque nefas4 ,mors morte pi&a e/2 ,9 scelus add5dum scelus e/1 9 fun]a funus3 ,p] coac]vatos p]eat domus impia luctus4 ,an felix ,o5eus nato victore fruetur2 ,!/ius orbus erit8 melius lugebitis ambo4 ,vos modo1 frat]ni manes1 animque rec5tes1 ,(ficium s5tite meum2 magnoque p>atas ,accipite inf]ias1 ut]i mala pignora no/ri4 ,hei mihi6 quo rapior8 fratres ignoscite matri4 ,deficiunt ad cpta manus4 ,m]uisse fatemur ,illum1 cur p]eat3 mortis mihi displicet auctor4 ,ergo impune f]et2 vivusque1 et victor1 et ipso ,successu tumidus regnum ,calydonis habebit8 ,vos c9is exiguus1 gelidque jacebitis umbr8 ,haud equidem pati>4 ,p]eat scel]atus2 et ille ,spemque patris1 regnique trahat1 patrique ru9am4 ,m5s ubi mat]na e/2 ubi sunt pia jura p>5tum8 ,et1 quos su/9ui1 bis m5sm qu9que labores8 ,o ut9am primis arsisses ignibus infans2 ,idque ego passa =em6 vixi/i mun]e no/ro3 ,nunc m]ito mori]e tuo4 ,cape prmia facti2 ,bisque datam1 primum p>tu1 mox /ipite rapto1 ,r$de animam2 vel me frat]nis adde sepul*ris4 ,et cupio1 et nequeo4 ,quid agam8 modo vuln]a fratrum ,ante oculos mihi sunt1 et tant cdis imago2 ,nunc animum pietas1 mat]naque nom9a frangunt4 ,me mis]am6 male v9cetis1 s$ v9cite1 fratres3 ,dummodo1 qu d$]o vobis solatia1 vosque ,ipsa sequ>1 dixit3 dextraque av]sa trem5ti ,fun]eum torrem m$ios conjecit 9 ignes4 ,aut d$it1 aut visus gemitus e/ ille d$isse1 ,/ipes2 et invitis correptus ab ignibus arsit4 ,metamorph4 lib4 #h4 l4 #dde4 ,9 cases ( ?is k9d1 "o circum/ance always augm5ts ! fluctuation4 ,a resolution to pref] "o action be=e ano!r aft] balanc+ betwixt !m1 is an in*oat$ gratification ( ! prevail+ passion1 :i* s(t5s x 9 "s degree4 ,?is circum/ance t5ds to give a sup]iority to ! opposite passion4 ,& ano!r circum/ance also concurs1 t ?is opposite passion has by re/ra9t acquir$ 9 ! int]im "s additional =ce4 ,love & jeal\sy connect$ by a common object1 occupy ! m9d alt]nately4 ,:5 ! object is consid]$ z beautiful1 love prevails3 :5 consid]$ z possibly unfai?ful1 jeal\sy prevails4 ,a situation ( ?is k9d1 af=ds great scope = fluctuation ( passion1 :i* is pa9t$ to ! life by sev]al ma/]ly h&s 9 words z well z 9 col\rs4 ,%akespe> h&les ! same subject1 b 9 a mann] uncommon & peculi> to himself4 ,9 ,o!llo's soliloquy be=e putt+ 8 wife to dea?1 love & jeal\sy are repres5t$1 ea* ex]t+ its :ole =ce1 b )\t any /ruggle4 ,o!llo 0 naturally inflexible2 & ! t5d]e/ love c\ld n div]t him f a purpose he approv$ z "r1 n ev5 = a mom5t4 ,b e ?+ consi/5t ) su* a "* is done to reconcile ! two opposite passions4 ,he is resolv$ to put h] to dea?1 b he w n %$ h] blood1 nor s mu* z ruffle h] sk94 ,o!llo4 ,x is ! cause1 x is ! cause1 my s\l2-- ,let me n "n x to y1 y *a/e />s6 ,x is ! cause4---- ,yet ,i'll n %$ h] blood1 ,nor sc> t :it] sk9 ( h]s ?an sn[1 ,& smoo? z monum5tal alaba/]4 ,lays d[n ! sword4 ,yet %e mu/ die2 else %e'll betray m m54 ,put out ! light1 & !n--,put out ! light8-- ,if ,i qu5* !e1 ?\ flam+ m9i/]1 ,i c aga9 ?y =m] light re/ore1 ,%\ld ,i rep5t3 b once put out ?y light1 ,?\ cunn+'/ patt]n ( excell+ nature1 ,i "k n :]e is t ,prome!an heat ,t c ?y light relum9e4--,sets d[n ! tap]4 ,:5 ,i h pluck'd ?y rose1 ,i _c give x vital gr[? aga92 ,x ne$s mu/ )]4--,i'll smell !e on ! tree2 ,kiss+ h]4 ,oh balmy brea?1 t do/ almo/ p]suade ,ju/ice to break h] sword6---- ,"o m2 "o m2 ,be ?us :5 ?\ art dead1 & ,i w kill !e1 ,& love !e aft]4---- ,"o m1 t's ! la/2 ,s sweet 0 ne'er s fatal6 ,i mu/ weep1 ,b !y are cruel te>s8 ?is sorr['s heav'nly2 ,x /rikes :]e x do? love4---- ,%e wakes---- ,act #e4 sc4 #f4 ,9 ,otway's ,orphan1 we h an illu/ri\s example ( ! address employ$ to gratify opposite passions direct$ ^u ! same object4 ,ca/alio & ,polydore1 bro!rs & rivals1 _h sworn mutual confid5ce4 ,ca/alio broke 8 fai? by a private m>riage4 ,by ?is concealm5t1 ,polydore 0 unw>ily betray$ into a dismal de$1 t ( pollut+ 8 bro!r's b$4 ,?us he _h injur$ 8 bro!r1 & 0 injur$ by him4 ,ju/ice prompt$ him to make full atonem5t by 8 own dea?3 res5tm5t aga9/ 8 bro!r requir$ a full atonem5t to be made to himself4 ,9 coexi/5t passions s contradictory1 "o ( !m commonly prevails aft] a /ruggle4 ,b "h happily an exp$i5t occurr$ to gratify bo?2 :i* 01 t ,polydore %\ld provoke 8 bro!r to put him to dea?4 ,polydore's crime 9 8 own op9ion m]it$ ?is puni%m5t2 & ju/ice 0 satisfi$ :5 he fell by ! h&s ( ! man he _h injur$4 ,he want$ at ! same "t to puni% 8 bro!r = brea* ( fai?2 & he c\ld n d ?is m effectually ?an by betray+ 8 bro!r to be 8 execution]4 ,if diff]5ce ( aim prev5t ! union ( two passions ?\gh hav+ ! same object1 mu* m w x prev5t _! union :5 _! objects are also diff]5t4 ,9 bo? cases !re is a fluctuation2 b 9 ! latt] ! fluctuation is sl[] ?an 9 ! =m]4 ,a beautiful situation ( ?is k9d is exhibit$ 9 ! ,cid ( ,corneille4 ,don ,diegue1 an old soldi] worn out ) age1 hav+ receiv$ a mortal affront f ! ,c\nt fa!r to ,*im5e1 employs 8 son ,don ,rodrigue1 ,*im5e's lov]1 to dem& satisfaction4 ,?is situation occasions 9 ! brea/ ( ,don ,rodrigue a cruel /ruggle4 ,x is a conte/ betwixt love & hon\r1 "o ( :i* mu/ be sacrific$4 ,! sc5e is f9ely conduct$1 *iefly by mak+ love 9 "s degree take "p ) hon\r1 ,don ,rodrigue reflect+1 t if he lo/ 8 hon\r he c\ld n des]ve 8 mi/ress4 ,hon\r triumphs4 ,! ,c\nt1 provok$ to a s+le combat1 falls by ! h& ( ,don ,rodrigue4 ,?is produce? ano!r beautiful situation respect+ ,*im5e1 :i* = ! sake ( connection is plac$ "h1 ?\gh x prop]ly belongs to ! =ego+ head4 ,x became ! duty ( t lady to dem& ju/ice aga9/ h] lov]1 = ^: pres]vation1 9 o!r circum/ances1 %e *e>fully w\ld h sacrific$ h] own life4 ,! /ruggle betwixt ^! opposite passions direct$ ^u ! same object1 is f9ely express$ 9 ! ?ird sc5e ( ! ?ird act4 ,elvire4 ,il v\s prive d'un pre1 et v\s l'aimez encore6 ,*im5e4 ,c'e/ peu de dire aim]1 ,elvire1 je l'adore2 ,ma passion s'oppose mon ress5tim5t1 ,d$ans mon ennemi je tr\ve mon amant1 ,et je s5s qu'en depit de t\te ma colre1 ,rodrigue dans mon cur combat encore mon pre4 ,il l'attaque1 il le presse1 il cde1 il se df5d1 ,tantt =t1 tantt foible1 et tantt triomphant2 ,mais en ce dur combat de colre et de flame1 ,il d*ire mon cur sans p>tag] mon ame1 ,et quoique mon am\r ait sur moi de p\voir1 ,je ne consulte po9t p\r suivre mon devoir4 ,je c\rs sans balanc] o mon honneur m'oblige2 ,rodrigue m'e/ bi5 *]1 son int]t m'afflige1 ,mon cur pr5d son p>ti2 mais malgr son ef=t1 ,je sai ce que je suis1 et que mon pre e/ mort4 ,n less :5 ! objects are diff]5t ?an :5 ! same1 are means sometimes af=d$ to gratify bo? passions2 & su* means are gre$ily embrac$4 ,9 ,tasso's ,g]usalem1 ,edw>d & ,gildippe1 husb& & wife1 are introduc$ fight+ gallantly aga9/ ! ,s>ac5s4 ,gildippe receives a mortal w\nd by ! h& ( ,soliman4 ,edw>d inflam$ ) rev5ge z well z conc]n = ,gildippe1 is agitat$ betwixt ! two diff]5t objects4 ,! poet#dj describes him endeav\r+ to gratify bo? at once1 apply+ 8 "r h& aga9/ ,soliman ! object ( 8 res5tm5t1 & 8 left h& to support 8 wife ! object ( 8 love4 ,,"p ,v4 ,! p[] ( passion to adju/ our op9ions & belief to its gratification4 ,!re is su* a connection among ! p]ceptions passions & actions ( ! same p]son1 t x w\ld be wond]ful if !y %\ld h no mutual influ5ce4 ,t our actions are too mu* direct$ by passion1 is a sad tru?4 ,x is n less c]ta91 ?\gh n s commonly obs]v$1 t passion ha? an irregul> influ5ce ^u our op9ions & belief4 ,! op9ions we =m ( m5 & ?+s1 are g5]ally direct$ by affection4 ,an advice giv5 by a man ( figure1 ha? great weight2 ! same advice f "o 9 a l[ condition1 is utt]ly neglect$4 ,a man ( c\rage "u-rates dang]2 & to ! indol5t1 ! slighte/ ob/acle appe>s unsurm\ntable4 ,our op9ions inde$1 ! result commonly ( v>i\s & (t5 opposite views1 are s slight & wav]+1 z readily to be susceptible ( a bias f passion & prejudice4 ,?is subject is ( great use 9 logic2 & ( /ill great] use 9 criticism1 be+ intimately connect$ ) _m pr9ciples ( ! f9e arts t w be unfold$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w4 ,be+ too ext5sive to be treat$ "h at l>ge1 "s cursory illu/rations mu/ suffice2 leav+ ! subject to be prosecut$ m p>ticul>ly aft]w>d :5 occasion %all (f]4 ,two pr9ciples t make an em95t figure 9 human nature1 concur to give passion an undue influ5ce ^u our op9ions & belief4 ,! fir/ & mo/ ext5sive1 is a /rong t5d5cy 9 ! m9d to fit objects = ! gratification ( its passions4 ,we are prone to su* op9ions ( m5 & ?+s z correspond to our wi%es4 ,:]e ! object1 9 dignity or importance1 corresponds to ! passion be/[$ on x1 ! gratification is complete & !re is no occasion = artifice4 ,b :]e ! object is too mean = ! passion s z n to af=d a complete gratification1 x is wond]ful h[ apt ! m9d is to impose ^u itself1 & h[ dispos$ to proportion ! object to its passion4 ,! o!r pr9ciple is a /rong t5d5cy 9 our nature to ju/ify our passions z well z our actions1 n to o!rs only1 b ev5 to ourselves4 ,?is t5d5cy is extremely rem>kable ) respect to disagreeable passions4 ,by its influ5ce1 objects are magnifi$ or less5$1 circum/ances suppli$ or suppress$1 e ?+ col\r$ & disguis$1 to answ] ! end ( ju/ification4 ,h5ce ! f\ndation ( self-deceit1 :]e a man imposes ^u himself innoc5tly1 & ev5 )\t suspicion ( a bias4 ,beside ! influ5ce ( ! =ego+ pr9ciples to make u =m op9ions contr>y to tru?1 ! passions !mselves1 by subord9ate means1 contribute to ! same effect4 ,( ^! means ,i %all m5tion two :i* seem to be capital4 ,fir/1 ,!re 0 occasion =m]ly to obs]ve#da1 t ?\gh ideas seldom />t up 9 ! m9d )\t connection1 yet t ideas :i* correspond to ! pres5t tone ( ! m9d are readily sugge/$ by any slight connection4 ,by ?is means1 ! argum5ts = a fav\rite op9ion are always at h&1 :ile we (t5 se>* 9 va9 = ^? t cross our incl9ation4 ,second1 ,! m9d tak+ delight 9 agreeable circum/ances or argum5ts1 is /rongly impress$ ) !m2 :ile ^? t are disagreeable are hurri$ ov] s z sc>ce to make any impression4 ,! self-same argum5t1 accord+ly z x is reli%$ or n reli%$1 weighs s diff]5tly1 z 9 tru? to make conviction dep5d m on passion ?an on reason+4 ,?is obs]vation is fully ju/ifi$ by exp]i5ce4 ,to conf9e myself to a s+le in/ance1 ! numb]less absurd religi\s t5ets t at diff]5t times h pe/]$ ! _w1 w\ld be altoge!r unacc\ntable b = ?is irregul> bias ( passion4 ,we proce$ to a m pleasant task1 :i* is1 to illu/rate ! =ego+ obs]vations by prop] examples4 ,gratitude :5 w>m1 is (t5 ex]t$ ^u ! *ildr5 ( ! b5efactor2 especially :]e he is remov$ out ( rea* by dea? or abs5ce#db4 ,gratitude 9 ?is case be+ ex]t$ = ! sake ( ! b5efactor1 requires no peculi> excell5ce 9 8 *ildr54 ,to f9d h[ev] ^! *ildr5 wor?y ( ! b5efits int5d$ !m1 contributes und\bt$ly to ! m entire gratification ( ! passion4 ,& accord+ly1 ! m9d1 prone to gratify its passions1 is apt to conceive a bett] op9ion ( ^! *ildr5 ?an possibly !y des]ve4 ,by ?is means1 /rong connections ( affection are (t5 =m$ among individuals1 ^u ! slight f\ndation n[ m5tion$4 ,envy is a passion1 :i*1 be+ altoge!r unju/ifiable1 is always disguis$ "u "s m plausible "n4 ,b no passion is m eag] ?an envy1 to give its object su* an appe>ance z to answ] a complete gratification4 ,x magnifies e bad quality1 & fixes on ! mo/ humbl+ circum/ances4 ,cassius4 ,i _c tell :at y & o!r m5 ,?9k ( ?is life2 b = my s+le self1 ,i _h z lief n be1 z live to be ,9 awe ( su* a ?+ z ,i myself4 ,i 0 born free z ,cs>1 s 7 y2 ,we bo? h f$ z well2 & we c bo? ,endure ! w9t]'s cold z well z he4 ,= once1 ^u a raw & gu/y day1 ,! tr\bl$ ,tyb] *as+ ) 8 %ores1 ,cs> says to me1 ,d>'/ ?\1 ,cassius1 n[ ,leap 9 ) me into ?is angry flood1 ,& swim to yond] po9t8--,^u ! ^w1 ,acc\tr$ z ,i 01 ,i plung$ 91 ,& bid him foll[2 s inde$ he did4 ,! torr5t ro>'d1 & we did buffet x ,) lu/y s9ews2 ?r[+ x aside1 ,& /emm+ x ) he>ts ( controv]sy4 ,b ere we c\ld arrive ! po9t propos'd1 ,cs> cry'd1 ,help me1 ,cassius1 or ,i s9k4 ,i1 z neas1 our great ance/or1 ,did f ! flames ( ,troy ^u 8 %\ld] ,! old ,an*ises be>2 s f ! waves ( ,tyb] ,did ,i ! tir$ ,cs>3 & ?is man ,is n[ become a god1 & ,cassius is ,a wret*$ creature2 & mu/ b5d 8 body1 ,if ,cs> c>elessly b nod on him4 ,he _h a fev] :5 he 0 9 ,spa91 ,& :5 ! fit 0 on him1 ,i did m>k ,h[ he did %ake4 ',tis true1 ?is god did %ake2 ,8 c[>d lips did f _! col\r fly1 ,& t same eye ^: b5d do? awe ! _w1 ,did lose its lu/re2 ,i did he> him grone3 ,ay1 & t tongue ( 81 t bade ! ,romans ,m>k him1 & write 8 spee*es 9 _! books1 ,alas6 x cry'd---- ,give me "s dr9k1 ,tit9ius---- ,z a sick girl4 ,ye gods1 x do? amaze me1 ,a man ( su* a feeble temp] %\ld ,s get ! />t ( ! maje/ic _w1 ,& be> ! palm alone4 ,julius ,cs>1 act ,i4 sc4 #c4 ,glo'/] inflam$ ) res5tm5t aga9/ 8 son ,edg>1 c\ld ev5 "w himself into a mom5t>y conviction t !y 7 n relat$4 ,o /range fa/5'd villa96 ,w\ld he d5y 8 lett]8--,i nev] got him4 ,k+ ,le>1 act #b4 sc4 #c4 ,:5 by a great s5sibility ( he>t or o!r means1 grief swells beyond :at ! cause c ju/ify1 ! m9d is prone to magnify ! cause1 9 ord] to gratify ! passion4 ,& if ! real cause admit n ( be+ magnifi$1 ! m9d seeks a cause = its grief 9 imag9$ future ev5ts4 ,bu%y4 ,madam1 y\r ,maje/y is mu* too sad2 ,y promis'd1 :5 y p>t$ ) ! ,k+1 ,to lay aside self-h>m+ heav9ess1 ,& ent]ta9 a *e>ful disposition4 ,que54 ,to please ! ,k+1 ,i did2 to please myself1 ,i _c d x4 ,yet ,i "k no cause ,:y ,i %\ld welcome su* a gue/ z grief2 ,save bidd+ f>ewell to s sweet a gue/ ,z my sweet ,ri*>d3 yet aga91 me?9ks1 ,"s unborn sorr[1 ripe 9 ,=tune's womb1 ,is com+ t['rd me2 & my inw>d s\l ,) some?+ trembles1 yet at no?+ grieves1 ,m ?an ) p>t+ f my ,"l ! ,k+4 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 act4 #b4 sc4 #e4 ,! =ego+ examples dep5d on ! fir/ pr9ciple4 ,9 ! foll[+1 bo? pr9ciples concur4 ,res5tm5t at fir/ is wreak$ on ! relations ( ! (f5d]1 9 ord] to puni% him4 ,b z res5tm5t :5 s outrage\s is contr>y to consci5ce1 ! m9d1 to ju/ify its passion z well z to gratify x1 is dispos$ to pa9t ^! relations 9 ! blacke/ col\rs2 & x actually comes to be conv9c$1 t !y ought to be puni%$ = _! own dem]its4 ,ang] rais$ by an accid5tal /roke ^u a t5d] "p1 :i* gives great & sudd5 pa91 is sometimes v5t$ ^u ! undesign+ cause4 ,b z ! passion 9 ?is case is absurd1 & z !re c be no solid gratification 9 puni%+ ! innoc5t2 ! m9d1 prone to ju/ify z well z to gratify its passion1 deludes itself in/antly into a conviction ( ! action's be+ volunt>y4 ,?is conviction h[ev] is b mom5t>y3 ! fir/ reflection %[s x to be errone\s2 & ! passion vani%e? almo/ in/antane\sly ) ! conviction4 ,b ang]1 ! mo/ viol5t ( all passions1 has /ill great] influ5ce4 ,x sometimes =ces ! m9d to p]sonify a /ock or a /one :5 x occasions bodily pa91 9 ord] to be a prop] object ( res5tm5t4 ,a conception is =m$ ( x z a volunt>y ag5t4 ,& t we h really a mom5t>y conviction ( its be+ a volunt>y ag5t1 mu/ be evid5t f consid]+1 t )\t su* conviction1 ! passion c nei!r be ju/ifi$ nor gratifi$4 ,! imag9ation c give no aid4 ,a /ock or a /one may be imag9$ s5sible2 b a notion ( ?is k9d _c be ! f\ndation ( puni%m5t1 s long z ! m9d is consci\s t x is an imag9ation m]ely )\t any reality4 ,( su* p]sonification1 involv+ a conviction ( reality1 !re is "o illu/ri\s in/ance4 ,:5 ! fir/ bridge ( boats ov] ! ,hellespont 0 de/roy$ by a /orm1 ,x]xes fell into a transport ( rage1 s excessive1 t he comm&$ ! sea to be puni%$ ) #cjj /ripes2 & a pair ( fett]s to be ?r[n into x1 enjo9+ ! foll[+ words to be pron\nc$4 8,o ?\ salt & bitt] wat]6 ?y ma/] ha? condemn$ !e to ?is puni%m5t = (f5d+ him )\t cause2 & is resolv$ to pass ov] !e 9 despite ( ?y insol5ce4 ,) reason all m5 neglect to sacrifice to !e1 because ?\ art bo? disagreeable & trea*]\s#dc40 ,%akespe> exhibits beautiful examples ( ! irregul> influ5ce ( passion 9 mak+ u conceive ?+s to be o!rwise ?an !y are4 ,k+ ,le>1 9 8 di/ress1 p]sonifies ! ra91 w9d1 & ?und]2 & 9 ord] to ju/ify 8 res5tm5t1 conceives !m to be tak+ "p ) 8 daught]s4 ,le>4 ,rumble ?y belly-full1 spit fire1 sp\t ra96 ,nor ra91 w9d1 ?und]1 fire1 are my daught]s4 ,i tax n y1 y elem5ts1 ) unk9dness2 ,i nev] gave y k+dom1 call'd y *ildr52 ,y owe me no subscription4 ,!n let fall ,y\r horrible pleasure4---- ,"h ,i /&1 y\r brave2 ,a poor1 infirm1 weak1 & despis'd old man6 ,b yet ,i call y s]vile m9i/]s1 ,t h ) two p]nici\s daught]s jo9'd ,y\r high eng5d]'d battles1 'ga9/ a head ,s old & :ite z ?is4 ,oh6 oh6 'tis f\l4 ,act #c4 sc4 #b4 ,k+ ,ri*>d1 full ( indignation aga9/ 8 fav\rite horse = suff]+ ,bol+broke to ride him1 conceives = a mom5t ! horse to be rational4 ,groom4 ,o1 h[ x ye>n'd my he>t1 :5 ,i beheld1 ,9 ,london /reets1 t coronation-day2 ,:5 ,bol+broke rode on ,roan ,b>b>y1 ,t horse t ?\ s (t5 ha/ be/rid1 ,t horse t ,i s c>efully h dress'd4 ,k4 ,ri*4 ,rode he on ,b>b>y8 tell me1 g5tle fri5d1 ,h[ w5t he "u him8 ,groom4 ,s pr\dly z he _h disda9'd ! gr\nd4 ,k4 ,ri*4 ,s pr\d t ,bol+broke 0 on 8 back6 ,t jade _h eat bread f my royal h&4 ,?is h& ha? made him pr\d ) clapp+ him4 ,w\ld he n /umble8 w\ld he n fall d[n1 7,s9ce pride mu/ h a fall71 & break ! neck ,( t pr\d man t did usurp 8 back8 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 act #e4 sc4 #aa4 ,hamlet1 swell$ ) indignation at 8 "m's second m>riage1 is /rongly incl9$ to less5 ! "t ( h] wid[hood2 because ?is circum/ance gratifi$ 8 passion2 & he deludes himself by degrees into ! op9ion ( an int]val %ort] ?an ! real "o4 ,hamlet4---- ,t x %\ld come to ?is6 ,b two mon?s dead6 nay1 n s mu*2 n two2-- ,s excell5t a ,k+1 t 01 to ?is1 ,hyp]ion to a satire3 s lov+ to my "m1 ,t he p]mitt$ n ! w9d ( heav'n ,visit h] face too r\ghly4 ,heav'n & e>?6 ,mu/ ,i rememb]--:y1 %e w\ld hang on him1 ,z if increase ( appetite _h gr[n ,by :at x f$ on2 yet1 )9 a mon?1---- ,let me n ?9k--,frailty1 ?y "n is ,woman6 ,a little mon?6 or ere ^? %oes 7 old1 ,) :i* %e foll['d my poor fa!r's body1 ,l ,niobe1 all te>s---- ,:y1 %e1 ev'n %e-- 7,o heav'n6 a bea/ t wants disc\rse ( reason1 ,w\ld h m\rn'd long]--7 m>ri$ ) m9e uncle1 ,my fa!r's bro!r2 b no m l my fa!r1 ,?an ,i to ,h]cules4 ,)9 a mon?6---- ,ere yet ! salt ( mo/ unrighte\s te>s ,_h left ! flu%+ 9 h] gaul$ eyes1 ,%e m>ri$4---- ,oh1 mo/ wick$ spe$1 to po/ ,) su* dext]ity to ince/u\s %eets6 ,x is n1 nor x _c come to good4 ,b break1 my he>t1 = ,i mu/ hold my tongue4 ,act #a4 sc4 #c4 ,! p[] ( passion to falsify ! computation ( "t1 is ! m rem>kable1 t "t1 :i* ha? an accurate measure1 is less obsequi\s to our desires & wi%es1 ?an objects :i* h no precise /&>d ( less or m4 ,ev5 belief1 ?\gh p>tly an act ( ! judgm5t1 may be influ5c$ by passion4 ,good news are gre$ily swall[$ ^u v sl5d] evid5ce4 ,our wi%es magnify ! probability ( ! ev5t z well z ! v]acity ( ! relat]2 & we believe z c]ta9 :at at be/ is d\btful4 ,quel1 *e l'huom v$e1 amor li fa invisibile ,e l'invisibil fa v$] amore4 ,que/o cr$uto fu1 *e'l mis] suole ,d> facile cr$5za a' quel1 *e vuole4 ,orl&4 ,furios4 cant4 #a4 /4 #ef4 ,= ! same reason1 bad news ga9 also cr$it ^u ! slighte/ evid5ce4 ,fe>1 if once al>m$1 has ! same effect ) hope to magnify e circum/ance t t5ds to conviction4 ,%akespe>1 :o %[s m k ( human nature ?an any ( our philosoph]s1 ha? 9 8 ,cymbel9e#dd repres5t$ ?is bias ( ! m9d3 = he makes ! p]son :o alone 0 affect$ ) ! bad news1 yield to evid5ce t did n conv9ce any ( 8 companions4 ,& ,o!llo#de is conv9c$ ( 8 wife's infidelity f circum/ances too slight to move an indiff]5t p]son4 ,if ! news int]e/ u 9 s l[ a degree z to give place to reason1 ! effect w n be q ! same4 ,judg+ ( ! probability or improbability ( ! /ory1 ! m9d settles 9 a rational conviction ei!r t x is true or n4 ,b ev5 9 ?is case1 x is obs]vable1 t ! m9d is n all[$ to re/ 9 t degree ( conviction :i* is produc$ by rational evid5ce4 ,if ! news be 9 any degree fav\rable1 our belief is augm5t$ by hope beyond its true pit*2 & if unfav\rable1 by fe>4 ,! obs]vation holds equally ) respect to future ev5ts4 ,if a future ev5t be ei!r mu* wi%$ or dread$1 ! m9d1 to gratify its passion1 nev] fails to augm5t ! probability beyond tru?4 ,! cr$it :i* 9 all ages has be5 giv5 to wond]s & prodigies1 ev5 ! mo/ absurd & ridicul\s1 is a /range ph5om5on4 ,no?+ c be m evid5t ?an ! foll[+ proposition1 ,t ! m s+ul> any ev5t is1 ! m evid5ce is requir$4 ,a famili> ev5t daily occurr+1 be+ 9 itself extremely probable1 f9ds ready cr$it1 & !re=e is v\*$ by ! slighte/ evid5ce4 ,b a /range & r>e ev5t1 contr>y to ! c\rse ( nature1 ought n to be easily believ$4 ,x />ts up )\t connection1 & )\t cause1 s f> z we c discov]2 & to ov]come ! improbability ( su* an ev5t1 ! v /ronge/ evid5ce is requir$4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t wond]s & prodigies are swall[$ by ! vulg>1 ^u evid5ce t w\ld n be suffici5t to asc]ta9 ! mo/ famili> occurr5ce4 ,x has be5 reckon$ difficult to expla9 ?is irregul> bias ( ! m9d4 ,we are n[ no long] at a loss ab\t its cause4 ,! pron5ess we h to gratify our passions1 :i* displays itself ^u s _m occasions1 produces ?is irrational belief4 ,a /ory ( gho/s or fairies1 told ) an air ( gravity & tru?1 raise? an emotion ( wond]1 & p]haps ( dread4 ,^! emotions t5d+ /rongly to _! own gratification1 impose ^u a weak m9d1 & impress ^u x a ?or\gh conviction contr>y to all s5se & reason4 ,op9ion & belief are influ5c$ by prop5sity z well z by passion2 = ! m9d is dispos$ to gratify bo?4 ,a natural prop5sity is all we h to conv9ce u1 t ! op]ations ( nature are uni=m4 ,influ5c$ by ?is prop5sity1 we (t5 ra%ly conceive1 t good or bad wea!r w nev] h an end2 & 9 natural philosophy1 writ]s1 influ5c$ by ! same prop5sity1 /ret* commonly _! analogical reason+s beyond j b\nds4 ,op9ion & belief are influ5c$ by affection z well z by prop5sity4 ,! not$ /ory ( a f9e lady & a curate view+ ! moon ?r\gh a telescope is a pleasant illu/ration4 ,i p]ceive1 says ! lady1 two %ad[s incl9+ to ea* o!r1 !y are c]ta9ly two happy lov]s4 ,n at all1 replies ! curate1 !y are two /eeples ( a ca!dral4 ,,app5dix to ,"p ,v4 ,conc]n+ ! me?ods :i* nature ha? af=d$ = comput+ "t & space4 ,i introduce "h ! subject propos$1 because x af=ds sev]al curi\s examples ( ! p[] ( passion to adju/ objects to its gratification2 a lesson t _c be too mu* inculcat$1 z !re is n p]haps ano!r bias 9 human nature t ha? an influ5ce s univ]sal1 & t is s apt to make u w&] f tru? z well z f ju/ice4 ,i beg9 ) "t2 & ! "q %ortly is1 ,:at 0 ! measure ( "t be=e artificial measures 7 inv5t$8 &1 ,:at is ! measure at pres5t :5 ^! are n at h&8 ,i speak n ( mon?s & days1 :i* we compute by ! moon & sun2 b ( h\rs1 or 9 g5]al ( ! "t t runs betwixt any two occurr5ces :5 !re is n access to ! sun4 ,! only natural measure we h1 is ! tra9 ( our ?\ghts2 & we always judge ! "t to be long or %ort1 9 proportion to ! numb] ( p]ceptions t h pass$ ?r\gh ! m9d dur+ t int]val4 ,?is is inde$ a v imp]fect measure2 because 9 ! diff]5t conditions ( a quick or sl[ succession1 ! computation is diff]5t4 ,b h[ev] imp]fect1 x is ! only measure by :i* a p]son naturally calculates "t2 & ?is measure is appli$ on all occasions1 )\t reg>d to any occasional v>iation 9 ! rate ( succession4 ,?is natural measure ( "t1 imp]fect z x is1 w\ld h[ev] be tol]able1 did x lab\r "u no o!r imp]fection ?an ! ord9>y v>iations t happ5 9 ! motion ( our p]ceptions4 ,b 9 _m p>ticul> circum/ances1 x is mu* m fallaci\s2 & 9 ord] to expla9 ^! di/9ctly1 ,i mu/ analize ! subject4 ,"t is g5]ally comput$ at two diff]5t p]iods2 "o :ile "t is pass+1 ano!r aft] x is pa/4 ,i %all consid] ^! sep>ately1 ) ! errors to :i* ea* ( !m is liable4 ,x w be f\nd t ^! errors (t5 produce v diff]5t computations ( ! same p]iod ( "t4 ,! computation ( "t :ile x is pass+1 comes fir/ 9 ord]4 ,x is a common & trite obs]vation1 ,t to lov]s abs5ce appe>s immeasurably long1 e m9ute an h\r1 & e h\r a day4 ,! same computation is made 9 e case :]e we long = a di/ant ev5t2 z :]e "o is 9 expectation ( good news1 or :]e a pr(ligate heir wat*es = ! dea? ( an old man :o keeps him f a great e/ate4 ,opposite to ^! are in/ances n few] 9 numb]4 ,to a crim9al ! int]val betwixt s5t5ce & execution appe>s mis]ably %ort2 & ! same holds 9 e case :]e "o dreads an approa*+ ev5t4 ,( ?is ev5 a s*oolboy c be> witness3 ! h\r all[$ him = play1 moves1 9 8 appreh5sion1 ) a v swift pace3 be=e he is ?or\ghly engag$1 ! h\r is gone4 ,a reckon+ f\nd$ on ! numb] ( ideas1 w nev] produce computations s regul>ly opposite to ea* o!r2 = a sl[ succession ( ideas is n connect$ ) our wi%es1 nor a quick succession ) our fe>s4 ,:at is x !n1 t1 9 ! cases m5tion$1 moves nature to des]t h] common measure = "o v diff]5t8 ,i "k n t ?is "q ev] has be5 resolv$4 ,! false reckon+s ,i h sugge/$ are s common & famili>1 t no writ] has ?\ght ( inquir+ = _! cause4 ,& inde$1 to ent] ^u ?is matt] at %ort h&1 )\t prep>ation1 might occasion "s difficulty4 ,b to enc\nt] ! difficulty1 we luckily are prep>$ by :at is said above ab\t ! p[] ( passion to fit objects = its gratification4 ,among ! o!r circum/ances t t]rify a condemn$ crim9al1 ! %ort "t he has to live is "o4 ,t]ror1 l our o!r passions1 prone to its gratification1 adju/s e "o ( ^! circum/ances to its own tone4 ,x magnifies 9 p>ticul> ! %ortness ( ! int]val betwixt ! pres5t "t & t ( ! execution2 & =ces ^u ! crim9al a conviction t ! h\r ( 8 dea? approa*es ) a swift pace4 ,9 ! same mann]1 among ! o!r di/resses ( an abs5t lov]1 ! "t ( sep>ation is a capital circum/ance1 :i* = t reason is greatly magnifi$ by 8 anxiety & impati5ce4 ,he imag9es t ! "t ( meet+ comes on v sl[1 or r t x w nev] come4 ,e m9ute is ?\ght ( an intol]able l5g?4 ,"h is a fair & ,i hope satisfactory acc\nt1 :y we reckon "t to be t$i\s :5 we long = a future ev5t1 & n less fleet :5 we dread ! ev5t4 ,?is acc\nt is confirm$ by o!r in/ances4 ,bodily pa9 fixt to "o "p1 produce? a sl[ tra9 ( p]ceptions1 :i*1 accord+ to ! common measure ( "t1 ought to make x appe> %ort4 ,yet we "k1 t 9 su* a /ate "t has ! opposite appe>ance4 ,bodily pa9 is always att5d$ ) a degree ( impati5ce & an anxiety to be rid ( x1 :i* make u judge e m9ute to be an h\r4 ,! same holds :]e ! pa9 %ifts f place to place2 b n s rem>kably1 because su* a pa9 is n att5d$ ) ! same degree ( impati5ce4 ,! impati5ce a man ha? 9 travell+ ?r\gh a b>r5 c\ntry or 9 bad roads1 makes him imag9e1 dur+ ! j\rney1 t "t goes on ) a v sl[ pace4 ,we %all %[ aft]w>d t he makes a v diff]5t computation :5 8 j\rney is at an end4 ,h[ ought x to /& ) a man :o appreh5ds bad news8 ,x w probably be ?\ght1 t ! case ( ?is man resembles t ( a crim9al1 :o1 9 reckon+ ! %ort "t he has to live1 imag9es e h\r to be b a m9ute1 & t "t flies swift away4 ,yet ! computation "h is directly opposite4 ,reflect+ ^u ?is difficulty1 !re appe>s "o capital circum/ance 9 :i* ! two cases diff]4 ,! fate ( ! crim9al is det]m9$3 9 ! case "u consid]ation1 ! man is /ill 9 susp5se4 ,e "o kn[s h[ di/ressful susp5se is to ! bulk ( mank9d4 ,su* di/ress we wi% to get rid ( at any rate1 ev5 at ! exp5ce ( bad news4 ,?is case !re=e1 ^u a m n>r[ inspection1 resembles t ( bodily pa94 ,! pres5t di/ress 9 bo? cases1 makes ! "t appe> extremely t$i\s4 ,! read] probably w n be displeas$1 to h ?is bran* ( ! subject illu/rat$ 9 a pleasant mann]1 by an au?or acqua9t$ ) e maze ( ! human he>t1 & :o be/[s ineffable grace & ornam5t ^u e subject he h&les4 ,rosal9da4 ,i pray y1 :at is't a clock8 ,orl&o4 ,y %\ld ask me1 :at "t o' day2 !re's no clock 9 ! =e/4 ,ros4 ,!n !re is no true lov] 9 ! =e/2 else1 sigh+ e m9ute1 & groan+ e h\r1 w\ld detect ! lazy foot ( ,"t1 z well z a clock4 ,orla4 ,:y n ! swift foot ( ,"t8 ,_h n t be5 z prop]8 ,ros4 ,by no means1 ,sir4 ,"t travels 9 div]se paces ) div]se p]sons4 ,i'll tell y :o ,"t ambles )al1 :o ,"t trots )al1 :o ,"t gallops )al1 & :o he /&s /ill )al4 ,orla4 ,i pr'y !e :om do? he trot )al8 ,ros4 ,m>ry1 he trots h>d ) a "y maid1 betwe5 ! contract ( h] m>riage1 & ! day x is solemniz$3 if ! int]im be b a se'ennight1 ,"t's pace is s h>d t x seems ! l5g? ( sev5 ye>s4 ,orla4 ,:o ambles ,"t )al8 ,ros4 ,) a prie/ t lacks ,lat91 & a ri* man t ha? n ! g\t3 = ! "o sleeps easily1 because he _c /udy2 & ! o!r lives m]rily1 because he feels no pa93 ! "o lack+ ! burd5 ( lean & wa/eful le>n+2 ! o!r kn[+ no bur!n ( heavy t$i\s p5ury4 ,^! ,"t ambles )al4 ,orla4 ,:om do? he gallop )al8 ,ros4 ,) a ?ief to ! gall[s3 = ?\gh he g z s(tly z foot c fall1 he ?9ks himself too soon !re4 ,orla4 ,:om /ays x /ill )all8 ,ros4 ,) lawy]s 9 ! vacation2 = !y sleep betwe5 t]m & t]m1 & !n !y p]ceive n h[ ,"t moves4 ,z y l x1 act #c4 sc4 #h4 ,reflect+ ^u ! natural me?od ( comput+ pres5t "t1 x %[s h[ f> f tru? we may be l$ by ! irregul> p[] ( passion4 ,nor are our eyes imm$iately op5$ :5 ! sc5e is pa/3 ! deception cont9ues :ile !re rema9 any traces ( ! passion4 ,b look+ back ^u pa/ "t :5 ! joy or di/ress is no long] rememb]$1 ! computation we make is v diff]5t4 ,9 ?is situation1 passion be+ out ( ! "q1 we apply ! ord9>y measure1 viz4 ! c\rse ( our p]ceptions2 & ,i %all n[ proce$ to ! errors t ?is measure is subject$ to4 ,9 ord] to h an accurate notion ( ?is matt]1 we mu/ di/+ui% betwixt a tra9 ( p]ceptions1 & a tra9 ( ideas4 ,real objects make a /rong impression1 & are fai?fully rememb]$4 ,ideas1 on ! contr>y1 h[ev] ent]ta9+ at ! "t1 are apt to escape an aft] recollection4 ,h5ce x is1 t 9 retrospection1 ! "t t 0 employ$ ^u real objects1 appe>s long] ?an ! "t t 0 employ$ ^u ideas4 ,! =m] are m accurately recollect$ ?an ! latt]2 & we measure ! "t by ! numb] t is recollect$4 ,i proce$ to p>ticul>s4 ,aft] f9i%+ a j\rney ?r\gh a popul\s c\ntry1 ! frequ5cy ( agreeable objects di/9ctly recollect$ by ! travell]1 makes ! "t sp5t 9 ! j\rney appe> to him long] ?an x 0 9 reality4 ,?is is *iefly rem>kable 9 a fir/ j\rney1 :]e e object is new & makes a /rong impression4 ,on ! o!r h&1 aft] f9i%+ a j\rney ?r\gh a b>r5 c\ntry ?9ly peopl$1 ! "t appe>s %ort1 be+ measur$ by ! numb] ( objects1 :i* 7 few & f> f int]e/+4 ,"h 9 bo? in/ances a reckon+ is br\ght out1 directly opposite to t made dur+ ! j\rney4 ,& ?is1 by ! way1 s]ves to acc\nt = a ?+ :i* may appe> s+ul>1 t 9 a b>r5 c\ntry ! comput$ miles are always long]1 ?an ne> ! capital1 :]e ! c\ntry is ri* & popul\s4 ,! travell] has no natural measure ( ! space gone ?r\gh1 o!r ?an ! "t be/[$ ^u x2 nor any natural measure ( ! "t1 o!r ?an ! numb] ( 8 p]ceptions4 ,^! be+ proportion$ to ! numb] ( visible objects1 he imag9es t he ha? consum$ m "t on 8 day's j\rney1 & accompli%$ a great] numb] ( miles1 9 a popul\s ?an 9 a wa/e c\ntry4 ,by ?is me?od ( calculation1 e comput$ mile 9 ! =m] mu/ 9 reality be %ort] ?an 9 ! latt]4 ,aga91 ! travell+ ) an agreeable companion produce? a %ort computation bo? ( ! road & ( "t2 especially if !re be few objects t dem& att5tion1 or if ! objects be famili>4 ,! case is ! same ( "y p at a ball1 or ( a joy\s company ov] a bottle4 ,! ideas ) :i* !y h be5 ent]ta9$1 be+ transitory1 escape ! memory4 ,aft] all is ov]1 !y reflect t !y h be5 mu* div]t$1 b sc>ce c say ab\t :at4 ,:5 "o is totally occupi$ 9 any agreeable "w t admits n _m objects1 "t runs on )\t obs]vation2 & ^u an aft] recollection mu/ appe> %ort1 9 proportion to ! paucity ( objects4 ,?is is /ill m rem>kable 9 close contemplation & 9 deep ?9k+1 :]e ! tra91 compos$ :olly ( ideas1 proce$s ) an extreme sl[ pace4 ,n only are ! ideas few 9 numb]1 b are apt to escape an aft]-reckon+4 ,! l false reckon+ ( "t may proce$ f an opposite /ate ( m9d4 ,9 a rev]ie1 :]e ideas float at r&om )\t mak+ any impression1 "t goes on unhe$$ & ! reckon+ is lo/4 ,a rev]ie may be s pr(\nd z to prev5t ! recollection ( any "o idea3 t ! m9d 0 busi$ 9 a tra9 ( ?9k+1 w 9 g5]al be rememb]$2 b :at 0 ! subject1 has q escap$ ! memory4 ,9 su* a case1 we are altoge!r at a loss ab\t ! "t3 we h no data = mak+ a computation4 ,no cause produce? s false a reckon+ ( "t1 z immod]ate grief4 ,! m9d1 9 ?is /ate1 is viol5tly atta*$ to a s+le object1 & admits n a diff]5t ?\ght4 ,any o!r object break+ 91 is in/antly bani%$1 s z sc>ce to give an appe>ance ( succession4 ,9 a rev]ie1 we are unc]ta9 ( ! "t t is pa/3 b 9 ! example n[ giv51 !re is an appe>ance ( c]ta9ty1 s f> z ! natural measure ( "t c be tru/$1 t ! "t mu/ h be5 %ort1 :5 ! p]ceptions are s few 9 numb]4 ,! natural measure ( space appe>s m obscure ?an t ( "t4 ,i v5ture h[ev] to ent] ^u x1 leav+ x to be fur!r prosecut$1 if x be ?\ght ( any importance4 ,! space m>k$ out = a h\se1 appe>s consid]ably l>g] aft] x is divid$ into its prop] p>ts4 ,a piece ( gr\nd appe>s l>g] aft] x is surr\nd$ ) a f5ce2 & /ill l>g] :5 x is made a g>d5 & divid$ into diff]5t cop>tm5ts4 ,on ! contr>y1 a l>ge pla9 looks less aft] x is divid$ into p>ts4 ,! sea mu/ be except$1 :i* looks less f t v circum/ance ( n be+ divid$ into p>ts4 ,a room ( a mod]ate size appe>s l>g] :5 prop]ly furni%$4 ,b :5 a v l>ge room is furni%$1 ,i d\bt :e!r x be n less5$ 9 appe>ance4 ,a room ( a mod]ate size1 looks less by hav+ a ceil+ l[] ?an 9 proportion4 ,! same l[ ceil+ makes a v l>ge room look l>g] ?an x is 9 reality4 ,^! exp]im5ts are by f> too small a /ock = a g5]al !ory4 ,b !y are all t occur at pres5t2 & )\t attempt+ any regul> sy/em1 ,i %all satisfy myself ) a few conjectures4 ,! l>ge/ angle ( vision seems to me ! natural measure ( space4 ,! eye is ! only judge2 & 9 exam9+ ) x ! size ( any pla91 or ! l5g? ( any l9e1 ! mo/ accurate me?od t c be tak5 is1 to run ov] ! object 9 p>ts4 ,! l>ge/ "p t c be tak5 9 at "o /$fa/ look1 det]m9es ! l>ge/ angle ( vision2 & :5 t angle is giv51 "o may in/itute a calculation by try+ ) ! eye h[ _m ( ^! p>ts are 9 ! :ole4 ,:e!r ?is angle be ! same 9 all m51 ,i "k n4 ,! smalle/ angle ( vision is asc]ta9$2 & to asc]ta9 ! l>ge/ angle1 w\ld n be less curi\s4 ,b suppos+ x kn[n1 x w\ld be a v imp]fect measure2 p]haps m s ?an ! natural measure ( "t4 ,x requires great /ead9ess ( eye to measure a l9e ) any accuracy1 by apply+ to x ! l>ge/ angle ( di/9ct vision4 ,& suppose ?is /ead9ess to be acquir$ by practice1 ! measure w be imp]fect f o!r circum/ances4 ,! space compreh5d$ "u ?is angle1 w be diff]5t accord+ to ! di/ance1 & also accord+ to ! situation ( ! object4 ,( a p]p5dicul> ?is angle w compreh5d ! smalle/ space4 ,! space w be l>g] 9 look+ ^u an incl9$ pla92 & w be l>g] or less 9 proportion to ! degree ( incl9ation4 ,?is measure ( space1 l ! measure ( "t1 is liable to "s extraord9>y errors f c]ta9 op]ations ( ! m9d1 :i* w acc\nt = "s ( ! errone\s judgem5ts above m5tion$4 ,! space m>k$ out = a dwell+-h\se1 :]e ! eye is at any reasonable di/ance1 is seldom great] ?an c be se5 at once )\t mov+ ! head4 ,divide ?is space into two or ?ree equal p>ts1 & none ( ^! p>ts w appe> mu* less ?an :at c be compreh5d$ at "o di/9ct look2 consequ5tly ea* ( !m w appe> equal1 or ne>ly equal1 to :at ! :ole did be=e ! division4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! :ole be v small1 s z sc>ce to fill ! eye at "o look1 its divisions into p>ts w1 ,i conjecture1 make x appe> /ill less4 ,! m9ut5ess ( ! p>ts is1 by an easy transition ( ideas1 transf]r$ to ! :ole4 ,ea* "p ha? a dim9utive appe>ance1 & by ! intimate connection ( ^! p>ts ) ! :ole1 we pass ! same judgem5t ^u all4 ,! space m>k$ out = a small g>d51 is survey$ almo/ at "o view2 & requires a motion ( ! eye s slight1 z to pass = an object t c be compreh5d$ "u ! l>ge/ angle ( di/9ct vision4 ,if n divid$ into too _m p>ts1 we are apt to =m ! same judgem5t ( ea* "p2 & consequ5tly to magnify ! g>d5 9 proportion to ! numb] ( its p>ts4 ,a v l>ge pla9 )\t protub]ances1 is an object n less r>e ?an beautiful2 & 9 ^? :o see x = ! fir/ "t1 x mu/ produce an emotion ( wond]4 ,?is emotion1 h[ev] slight1 t5d+ to its own gratification1 imposes ^u ! m9d1 & makes x judge t ! pla9 is l>g] ?an x is 9 reality4 ,divide ?is pla9 into p>ts1 & our wond] ceases4 ,x is no long] consid]$ z "o great pla91 b z s _m diff]5t fields or inclosures4 ,! fir/ "t "o beholds ! sea1 x appe>s to be l>ge beyond all b\nds4 ,:5 x becomes famili>1 & raises our wond] 9 no degree1 x appe>s less ?an x is 9 reality4 ,9 a /orm x appe>s l>g]1 be+ di/+ui%able by ! roll+ waves into a numb] ( great p>ts4 ,isl&s scatt]$ at consid]able di/ances1 add 9 appe>ance to its size4 ,ea* int]cept$ "p looks extremely l>ge1 & we sil5tly apply ari?metic to increase ! appe>ance ( ! :ole4 ,_m isl&s scatt]$ at h&1 give a dim9utive appe>ance to ! sea1 by its connection ) its dim9utive p>ts4 ,! ,lomond lake w\ld und\bt$ly look l>g] )\t its isl&s4 ,furniture increase? 9 appe>ance ! size ( a small room1 = ! same reason t divisions increase 9 appe>ance ! size ( a g>d54 ,! emotion ( wond] :i* is rais$ by a v l>ge room )\t furniture1 makes x look l>g] ?an x is 9 reality4 ,if completely furni%$1 we view x 9 p>ts1 & our wond] is n rais$4 ,a l[ ceil+ ha? a dim9utive appe>ance1 :i*1 by an easy transition ( ideas1 is communicat$ to ! l5g? & bread?1 provid$ !y be> any sort ( proportion to ! height4 ,if !y be out ( all proportion1 ! opposition seizes ! m9d1 & raises "s degree ( wond]1 :i* makes ! diff]5ce appe> great] ?an x really is4 ,,"p ,,vi4 ,( ! resemblance emotions be> to _! causes4 ,t _m emotions be> a c]ta9 resemblance to _! causes1 is a tru? t c be made cle> by induction2 ?\gh1 s f> z ,i "k1 ! obs]vation has n be5 made by any writ]4 ,motion1 9 its diff]5t circum/ances1 is productive ( feel+s t resemble x4 ,sluggi% motion1 = example1 cause? a languid unpleasant feel+2 sl[ uni=m motion1 a feel+ calm & pleasant2 & brisk motion1 a lively feel+ t r\ses ! spirits & promotes activity4 ,a fall ( wat] ?r\gh rocks1 raises 9 ! m9d a tumultu\s confus$ agitation1 extremely simil> to its cause4 ,:5 =ce is ex]t$ ) any ef=t1 ! spectator feels a simil> ef=t z ( =ce ex]t$ )9 8 m9d4 ,a l>ge object swells ! he>t4 ,an elevat$ object makes ! spectator /& erect4 ,s\nds also produce emotions t resemble !m4 ,a s\nd 9 a l[ key1 br+s d[n ! m9d4 ,su* a s\nd 9 a full tone1 ha? a c]ta9 solemnity1 :i* x communicates to ! emotion produc$ by x4 ,a s\nd 9 a high key1 *e>s ! m9d by rais+ x4 ,su* a s\nd 9 a full tone1 bo? elevates & swells ! m9d4 ,aga91 a wall or pill> t decl9es f ! p]p5dicul>1 produce? a pa9ful emotion1 z ( a tott]+ & fall+ )9 ! m9d4 ,an emotion some:at simil> is produc$ by a tall pill> t /&s s tickli% z to look l fall+4 ,= ?is reason1 a column ^u a base looks bett] ?an ^u ! nak$ gr\nd4 ,! base1 :i* makes a "p ( ! column1 inspires a feel+ ( firmness & /ability4 ,! gr\nd support+ a nak$ column1 is too l>ge to be consid]$ z its base4 ,& = ! same reason1 a cube z a base1 is pref]r$ be=e a cyl9d]1 ?\gh ! latt] is a m beautiful figure4 ,! angles ( a cube1 be+ ext5d$ to a great] di/ance f ! c5tre ?an ! circumf]5ce ( a cyl9d]1 give ! column a great] appe>ance ( /ability4 ,?is excludes n a diff]5t reason1 t ! base1 %aft1 & capital1 ( a pill>1 ought1 = ! sake ( v>iety1 to diff] f ea* o!r4 ,if ! %aft be r\nd1 ! base & capital ought to be squ>e4 ,a con/ra9$ po/ure1 uneasy to ! man himself1 is disagreeable to ! spectator2 :i* makes x a rule 9 pa9t+1 t ! drap]y ought n to adh]e to ! body1 b hang loose1 t ! figures may appe> easy & free 9 _! movem5ts4 ,h5ce ! disagreeable figure ( a ,fr5* danc+-ma/] is "o ( ,hog>?'s pieces4 ,x is also ridicul\s1 because ! con/ra9t is assum$ & n =c$4 ,! =ego+ obs]vation is n conf9$ to emotions rais$ by /ill life4 ,x holds also 9 ^? :i* are rais$ by ! qualities1 actions1 & passions1 ( a s5sible be+4 ,love inspir$ by a f9e woman1 assumes h] qualities4 ,x is sublime1 s(t1 t5d]1 sev]e1 or gay1 accord+ to its cause4 ,?is is /ill m rem>kable 9 emotions rais$ by human actions4 ,x ha? already be5 rem>k$#df1 t any signal in/ance ( gratitude1 beside procur+ e/eem = ! au?or1 raise? 9 ! spectator a vague emotion ( gratitude1 :i* dispose? him to be grateful4 ,i n[ fur!r rem>k1 t ?is vague emotion1 be+ ( ! same k9d ) :at produc$ ! grateful action1 ha? a /rong resemblance to its cause4 ,c\rage ex]t$ inspires ! read] z well z ! spectator ) a l emotion ( c\rage4 ,a j action =tifies our love to ju/ice1 & a g5]\s action r\ses our g5]osity4 ,9 %ort1 ) respect to all virtu\s actions1 x w be f\nd by induction1 t !y lead u to imitation by inspir+ emotions resembl+ ! passions t produc$ ^! actions4 ,& h5ce ! b5efit ( deal+ 9 *oice books & 9 *oice company4 ,grief z well z joy are infecti\s3 ! emotions !y raise 9 a spectator resemble !m p]fectly4 ,fe> is equally infecti\s3 & h5ce 9 an army1 fe>1 ev5 f ! slight$ cause1 mak+ an impression on a few1 spreads g5]ally ?r\gh all1 & becomes an univ]sal panic4 ,pity is simil> to its cause4 ,a p>t+ sc5e betwixt lov]s or fri5ds1 produce? 9 ! spectator a sort ( pity1 :i* is t5d] l ! di/ress4 ,! angui% ( remorse1 produce? pity ( a h>% k9d2 & if ! remorse be extreme1 ! pity ha? a mixture ( horror4 ,ang] ,i ?9k is s+ul>2 = ev5 :]e x is mod]ate & cause? no disgu/1 x disposes n ! spectator to ang] 9 any degree#dg4 ,covet\sness1 cruelty1 trea*]y1 & o!r vici\s passions1 are s f> f rais+ any emotion simil> to !mselves1 to incite a spectator to imitation1 t !y h an opposite effect4 ,!y raise abhorr5ce1 & =tify ! spectator 9 8 av]sion to su* actions4 ,:5 ang] is immod]ate1 x _c fail to produce ! same effect4 ,,"p ,,vii4 ,f9al causes ( ! m frequ5t emotions & passions4 ,x is a law 9 our nature1 t we nev] act b by ! impulse ( desire2 :i* 9 o!r words is say+1 t x is passion1 by ! desire includ$ 9 x1 :i* det]m9es ! w4 ,h5ce 9 ! conduct ( life1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance1 t our passions be direct$ ^u prop] objects1 t5d to j & rational ends1 & ) relation to ea* o!r be duly balanc$4 ,! beauty ( contrivance1 s conspicu\s 9 ! human frame1 is n conf9$ to ! rational "p ( our nature1 b is visible ov] ! :ole4 ,conc]n+ ! passions 9 p>ticul>1 h[ev] irregul>1 head/rong1 & p]v]se1 9 an ov]ly view1 !y may appe>1 ,i propose to %[1 t !y are by nature adju/$ & temp]$ ) admirable wisdom1 = ! good ( society z well z = private good4 ,?is subject is ext5sive3 b z ! nature ( ! pres5t und]tak+ w n admit a complete discussion1 x %all suffice to give a few obs]vations 9 g5]al ^u ! s5sitive "p ( our nature1 )\t reg>d+ t /range irregul>ity ( passion discov]$ 9 "s individuals4 ,su* topical irregul>ities1 if ,i may use ! t]m1 _c fairly be held an objection to ! pres5t !ory4 ,we are frequ5tly1 x is true1 misl$ by inord9ate passion3 b we are also1 & p]haps n less frequ5tly1 misl$ by wrong judgem5t4 ,9 ord] to a di/9ct appreh5sion ( ! pres5t subject1 x mu/ be premis$1 t an agreeable object produce? always a pleasant emotion1 & a disagreeable object "o t is pa9ful4 ,?is is a g5]al law ( nature1 :i* admits n a s+le exception4 ,agreeabl5ess 9 ! object or cause is inde$ s ess5tially connect$ ) pleasure 9 ! emotion its effect1 t an agreeable object _c be bett] def9$1 ?an by its p[] ( produc+ a pleasant emotion4 ,disagreeabl5ess 9 ! object or cause1 has ! same necess>y connection ) pa9 9 ! emotion produc$ by x4 ,f ?is prelim9>y x appe>s1 t to inquire = :at end an emotion is made pleasant or pa9ful1 resolves into an inquiry = :at end its cause is made agreeable or disagreeable4 ,& f ! mo/ accurate induction x w be discov]$1 t no cause ( an emotion is made agreeable or disagreeable arbitr>ily2 b t ^! qualities are s di/ribut$ z to answ] wise & good purposes4 ,x is an inv9cible pro( ( ! b5ignity ( ! ,deity1 t we are surr\nd$ ) ?+s g5]ally agreeable1 :i* contribute rem>kably to our ent]ta9m5t & to our happ9ess4 ,"s ?+s are made disagreeable1 su* z a rott5 c>cass1 because !y are noxi\s4 ,o!rs1 a dirty m>%1 = example1 or a b>r5 hea?1 are made disagreeable 9 ord] to excite our indu/ry4 ,& ) respect to ! few ?+s t are nei!r agreeable nor disagreeable2 x w be made evid5t1 t _! be+ left indiff]5t is n a "w ( *ance b ( wisdom4 ,( su* ,i %all h occasion to give sev]al in/ances4 ,hav+ attempt$ to assign ! f9al causes ( emotions & passions consid]$ z pleasant or pa9ful1 we proce$ to ! f9al causes ( ! desires involv$ 9 !m4 ,?is seems a "w ( "s difficulty2 = ! desires t accompany diff]5t passions h v diff]5t aims1 & seldom or nev] dem& precisely ! same gratification4 ,"o passion moves u to cl+ to its object1 "o to fly f x2 "o passion impels to action = our own good1 & "o = ! good ( o!rs2 "o passion prompts u to d good to ourselves or o!rs1 & "o to d mis*ief1 frequ5tly to o!rs1 & sometimes ev5 to ourselves4 ,delib]at+ ^u ?is intricate subject1 & f9d+ an intimate correspond5ce betwixt our desires & _! objects1 x is natural to ?9k t ! =m] mu/ be regulat$ 9 "s measure by ! latt]4 ,9 ?is view1 ,i beg9 ) desire direct$ ^u an inanimate object4 ,any pleasure we h 9 an agreeable object ( ?is k9d1 is enjoy$ by ! cont9uance ( ! pleasant impression x makes ^u u2 & accord+ly ! desire involv$ 9 ! pleasant emotion t5ds to t end1 & is gratifi$ by dwell+ ^u ! agreeable object4 ,h5ce su* an object may be prop]ly t]m$ attractive4 ,?us a fl[+ riv]1 a t[]+ hill1 a f9e g>d51 are attractive objects4 ,!y fix ! att5tion ( ! spectator1 by inspir+ pleasant emotions1 :i* are gratifi$ by adh]+ to ^! objects & enjoy+ !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a disagreeable object ( ! same k9d1 raises 9 u a pa9ful emotion includ+ a desire to turn f ! object1 :i* relieves u ( c\rse f ! pa92 & h5ce su* an object may be prop]ly t]m$ repulsive4 ,a mon/r\s bir?1 = example1 a rott5 c>cass1 a confusion ( j>r+ s\nds1 are repulsive4 ,!y repel ! m9d1 by inspir+ pa9ful or unpleasant emotions1 :i* are gratifi$ by fly+ f su* objects4 ,?us 9 g5]al1 ) reg>d to inanimate objects1 ! desire includ$ 9 e pleasant passion t5ds to prolong ! pleasure1 & ! desire includ$ 9 e pa9ful passion t5ds to put an end to ! pa94 ,"h ! f9al cause is evid5t4 ,our desires1 s f>1 are modell$ 9 su* a mann] z to correspond precisely to ! s5sitive "p ( our nature1 prone to happ9ess & av]se to mis]y4 ,^! op]ations ( adh]+ to an agreeable inanimate object1 & fly+ f "o t is disagreeable1 are p]=m$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( life by means ( desire impell+ u1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( reason or reflection4 ,reason & reflection direct+ self-love1 become aft]w>d motives t unite _! =ce ) desire2 because exp]i5ce in=ms u1 t ! adh]+ to agreeable objects & ! fly+ f ^? t are disagreeable1 contribute to our happ9ess4 ,s5sible ,be+s consid]$ z objects ( passion1 lead u into a m complex !ory4 ,a s5sible be+ t is agreeable by its attributes1 inspires u ) a pleasant emotion2 & ! desire includ$ 9 ?is emotion has evid5tly diff]5t means ( gratification4 ,a man reg>d+ himself only1 may be satisfi$ ) view+ & contemplat+ ?is be+1 precisely z if x 7 inanimate2 or he may desire ! m g5]\s gratification ( mak+ x happy4 ,7 man altoge!r selfi%1 x w\ld be con=mable to 8 nature1 t he %\ld indulge ! pleasant emotion )\t mak+ any ackn[l$gem5t to ! p]son :o gives him pleasure1 m ?an to a pure air or temp]ate clime :5 he enjoys ^! b5efits4 ,b z man is endu$ ) a pr9ciple ( b5evol5ce z well z ( selfi%ness1 he is prompt$ by 8 nature to desire ! good ( e s5sible be+ t gives him pleasure4 ,& ! f9al cause ( desire s direct$1 is illu/ri\s4 ,x contributes to a man's own happ9ess1 by af=d+ him m means ( gratification ?an he c h :5 8 desire t]m9ates ^u himself alone2 & at ! same "t x t5ds em95tly to improve ! happ9ess ( ^? ) :om he is connect$4 ,! direct+ our desires 9 ?is mann]1 occasions a beautiful coalition ( self-love ) b5evol5ce2 = bo? are equally promot$ by ! same int]nal impulse1 & by ! same ext]nal conduct4 ,& ?is consid]ation1 by ! way1 ought to sil5ce ^? m9ute philosoph]s1 :o1 ignorant ( human nature1 tea* a mo/ disgu/ful doctr9e4 ,t to s]ve o!rs unless ) a view to our own good1 is weakness & folly2 z if self-love only contribut$ to happ9ess & n b5evol5ce4 ,! h& ( ,god is too visible 9 ! human frame1 to p]mit u to ?9k s]i\sly1 t !re ev] c be any j>r+ or inconsi/5cy among natural pr9ciples1 ^? especially ( self-love & b5evol5ce1 :i* regulate ! bulk ( our actions4 ,next 9 ord] come s5sible ,be+s t are 9 affliction or pa94 ,x is disagreeable to behold a p]son 9 di/ress2 & !re=e ?is object mu/ raise 9 ! spectator an uneasy emotion4 ,7 man purely a selfi% be+1 he w\ld be prompt$ by 8 nature to turn f e object1 animate or inanimate1 t gives him uneas9ess4 ,b ! pr9ciple ( b5evol5ce gives an opposite direction to 8 desire4 ,x impels him to af=d relief2 & by reliev+ ! p]son f di/ress1 8 desire is fully gratifi$4 ,our b5evol5ce to a p]son 9 di/ress is inflam$ into an emotion ( sympa?y1 signify+ 9 ,greek ! pa9ful emotion t is rais$ 9 u by t p]son4 ,?us sympa?y1 ?\gh a pa9ful emotion1 is 9 its nature attractive4 ,& ) respect to its f9al cause1 we c be at no loss4 ,x n only t5ds to relieve a fell[-creature f pa91 b 9 its gratification is greatly m pleasant ?an if x 7 repulsive4 ,we 9 ! la/ place br+ "u consid]ation p]sons hateful by vice or wick$ness4 ,imag9e a wret* :o has lately p]petrat$ "s horrid crime4 ,he is disagreeable to e spectator2 & consequ5tly raises 9 e spectator a pa9ful emotion4 ,:at is ! natural gratification ( ! desire t accompanies ?is pa9ful emotion8 ,i mu/ "h aga9 obs]ve1 t suppos+ man to be entirely a selfi% be+1 he w\ld be prompt$ by 8 nature to relieve himself f ! pa9 by av]t+ 8 eye1 & bani%+ ! crim9al f 8 ?\ghts4 ,b man is n s con/itut$4 ,he is compos$ ( _m pr9ciples1 :i*1 ?\gh seem+ly contradictory1 are p]fectly concordant4 ,! pr9ciple ( b5evol5ce influ5ces 8 conduct1 n less rem>kably ?an t ( selfi%ness4 ,& 9 ord] to answ] ! =ego+ "q1 ,i mu/ introduce a ?ird pr9ciple1 n less rem>kable 9 its influ5ce ?an ei!r ( ^? m5tion$4 ,x is t pr9ciple common to all1 :i* prompts u to puni% ^? :o d wrong4 ,an envi\s1 malici\s1 or cruel action1 is disagreeable to me ev5 :]e ,i h no connection ) ! suff]]1 & raises 9 me ! pa9ful emotion ( res5tm5t4 ,! gratification ( ?is emotion1 :5 accompani$ ) desire1 is direct$ by ! pr9ciple n[ unfold$4 ,be+ prompt$ by my nature to puni% guilt z well z to rew>d virtue1 my desire is n gratifi$ b by inflict+ puni%m5t4 ,i mu/ *a/ise ! wret* by indignation at lea/ & hatr$1 if n m sev]ely4 ,"h ! f9al cause is self-evid5t4 ,an injury done to myself1 t\*+ me m ?an :5 done to o!rs1 raises my res5tm5t 9 a high] degree4 ,! desire accord+ly includ$ 9 ?is passion1 is n satisfi$ ) s slight a puni%m5t z indignation or hatr$4 ,x is n fully gratifi$ )\t retaliation2 & ! au?or mu/ by my h& suff] mis*ief1 z great at lea/ z he has done me4 ,nei!r c we be at any loss ab\t ! f9al cause ( ?is high] degree ( res5tm5t4 ,! :ole vigor ( ?is passion is requir$ to secure individuals f ! inju/ice & oppression ( o!rs#dh4 ,a wick$ or disgraceful action1 is disagreeable n only to o!rs1 b ev5 to ! del9qu5t himself4 ,x raises 9 him z well z 9 o!rs a pa9ful emotion includ+ a desire ( puni%m5t4 ,! pa9ful emotion :i* ! del9qu5t feels1 is di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( remorse2 & 9 ?is case ! desire he has to puni% is direct$ aga9/ himself4 ,!re _c be imag9$ a bett] contrivance to det] u f vice2 = remorse is ! sev]e/ ( all puni%m5ts4 ,?is passion & ! desire ( self-puni%m5t d]iv$ f x1 are t\*$ delicately by ,t]5ce4 ,m5$emus4 ,ubi comp]i ex iis1 qui ei fu]e conscii1 ,domum revortor m/us1 atque animo f]e ,p]turbato1 atque inc]to pr gritud9e3 ,adsido1 adcurrunt s]vi1 soccos detrahunt3 ,video alios fe/9>e1 lectos /]n]e1 ,cnam adp>>e3 pro se quisque s$ulo ,faciebat1 quo illam mihi l5ir5t mis]iam4 ,ubi video hc1 cpi cogit>e3 ,hem6 tot mea ,solius solliciti s9t causa1 ut me unum expleant8 ,ancill tot me ve/iant8 sumptus domi ,tantos ego solus faciam8 s$ gnatum unicum1 ,quem p>it] uti 8 decuit1 aut etiam amplius1 ,quod illa tas magis ad hc ut5da idonea '/1 ,eum ego h9c ejeci mis]um inju/itia mea4 ,malo quidem me dignum quovis deputem1 ,si id faciam4 nam usque dum ille vitam illam colet ,inopem1 c>5s patria ob meas injurias1 ,int]ea usque illi de me supplicium dabo3 ,laborans1 qur5s1 p>c5s1 illi s]vi5s1 ,ita facio prorsus3 nihil rel9quo 9 dibus1 ,nec vas1 nec ve/im5tum3 conrasi omnia1 ,ancillas1 s]vos1 nisi eos1 qui op]e ru/ico ,faciundo facile sumptum ex]c]5t suum3 ,omnes produxi ac v5didi3 inscripsi ilico deis m]c$e3 quasi tal5ta ad qu9decim ,cogi3 agrum hunc m]catus sum3 hic me ex]ceo4 ,decrevi tantisp] me m9us injuri1 ,*reme1 meo gnato fac]e1 dum fiam mis]3 ,nec fas esse ulla me voluptate hic frui1 ,nisi ubi ille huc salvos r$i]it meus p>ticeps4 ,heautontim]um5os1 act #a4 sc4 #a4 ,otway rea*es ! same s5tim5t3 ,monimia4 ,let mis*iefs multiply6 let ev'ry h\r ,( my loa?'d life yield me increase ( horror6 ,oh let ! sun to ^! unhappy eyes ,ne'er %9e aga91 b be eclips'd = ev]6 ,may e ?+ ,i look on seem a prodigy1 ,to fill my s\l ) t]ror1 till ,i q ,=get ,i ev] _h humanity1 ,& gr[ a curs] ( ! works ( nature6 ,orphan1 act #d4 ,! cases m5tion$ are1 :]e b5evol5ce alone or :]e desire ( puni%m5t alone1 gov]ns )\t a rival4 ,& x 0 necess>y to h&le ^! cases sep>ately1 9 ord] to elucidate a subject :i* by writ]s is left 9 great obscurity4 ,b nei!r ( ^! pr9ciples op]ates always )\t rival%ip4 ,cases may be figur$1 & cases actually exi/1 :]e ! same p]son is an object bo? ( sympa?y & ( desire to puni%4 ,?us ! sight ( a pr(ligate 9 ! v5]eal disease1 ov]-run ) bot*es & sores1 actuates bo? pr9ciples4 ,:ile 8 di/ress fixes my att5tion1 sympa?y ex]ts itself2 b s soon z ,i ?9k ( 8 pr(ligacy1 hatr$ prevails1 & a desire to puni%4 ,?is 9 g5]al is ! case ( di/ress occasion$ by immoral actions t are n highly crim9al4 ,& if ! di/ress & ! immoral action be 9 any proportion1 sympa?y & hatr$ c\nt]balanc+ ea* o!r w n suff] me ei!r to af=d relief or to inflict puni%m5t4 ,:at !n w be ! result ( ! :ole8 ,! pr9ciple ( self-love solves ! "q4 ,abhorr+ an object s loa?some1 ,i naturally av]t my eye1 & walk (f z fa/ z ,i c1 9 ord] to be reliev$ f ! pa94 ,! pres5t subject gives bir? to sev]al o!r obs]vations1 = :i* ,i c\ld n f9d room above1 )\t relax+ m f ! /rictness ( ord] & connection1 ?an ) safety c\ld be indulg$ 9 disc\rs+ ^u a matt] t ) difficulty is made p]spicu\s1 ev5 ) all ! advantages ( ord] & connection4 ,^! obs]vations ,i %all ?r[ out loosely z !y occur1 )\t giv+ myself any fur!r tr\ble ab\t me?od4 ,no action good or bad is altoge!r indiff]5t ev5 to a m]e spectator4 ,if good1 x inspires e/eem2 & indignation1 if wick$4 ,b x is rem>kable1 t ^! emotions seldom are accompani$ ) desire4 ,! abilities ( man are limit$1 & he f9ds suffici5t employm5t1 9 reliev+ ! di/ress$1 9 requit+ 8 b5efactors1 & 9 puni%+ ^? :o wrong him1 )\t mov+ out ( 8 own sph]e = ! b5efit or *a/isem5t ( ^? ) :om he has no connection4 ,if ! good qualities ( o!rs excite my b5evol5ce1 ! same qualities 9 myself mu/ produce a simil> effect 9 a sup]ior degree1 ^u acc\nt ( ! natural p>tiality e man ha? = himself4 ,?is increases self-love4 ,if ^! qualities be ( a high rank1 !y produce a feel+ ( sup]iority1 :i* naturally leads me to assume "s sort ( gov]nm5t ov] o!rs4 ,mean qualities1 on ! o!r h&1 produce 9 me a feel+ ( inf]iority1 :i* naturally leads me to submit to o!rs4 ,unless su* feel+s 7 di/ribut$ among individuals 9 society by measure & proportion1 !re c\ld be no natural subord9ation ( "s to o!rs1 :i* is ! pr9cipal f\ndation ( gov]nm5t4 ,no o!r bran* ( ! human con/itution %[s m visibly our de/9ation = society1 nor t5ds m to our improvem5t1 ?an appetite = fame or e/eem4 ,! :ole conv5i5cies ( life be+ d]iv$ f mutual aid & support 9 society1 x ought to be a capital aim1 to =m connections ) o!rs s /rict & s ext5sive z to produce a firm reliance on _m = succ\r 9 "t ( ne$4 ,reason dictates ?is lesson4 ,b reason solely is n reli$ on 9 a matt] ( su* consequ5ce4 ,we are mov$ by a natural appetite1 to be solicit\s ab\t e/eem & respect z we are ab\t food :5 hungry4 ,?is appetite1 at ! same "t1 is f9ely adju/$ to ! moral bran* ( our con/itution1 by promot+ all ! moral virtues4 ,= :at infallible means are !re to attract love & e/eem1 o!r ?an a virtu\s c\rse ( life8 ,if a man be j & b5efic5t1 if he be temp]ate mode/ & prud5t1 he w infallibly ga9 ! e/eem & love ( all :o "k him4 ,! communication ( passion to relat$ objects1 is an illu/ri\s in/ance ( ! c>e ( ,provid5ce1 to ext5d social connections z f> z ! limit$ nature ( man c admit4 ,?is communication ( passion is s f> unhappy z to spread ! malevol5t passions beyond _! natural b\nds4 ,b let x be rem>k$1 t ?is unhappy effect reg>ds savages only1 :o give way to malevol5t passions4 ,"u ! discipl9e ( society1 ^! passions are subdu$1 & 9 a good measure eradicat$4 ,9 _! place succe$ ! k9dly affections1 :i*1 meet+ ) all enc\ragem5t1 take possession ( ! m9d & gov]n our :ole actions4 ,9 ?is condition1 ! progress ( passion along relat$ objects1 by spread+ ! k9dly affections ?r\gh a multitude ( individuals1 ha? a glori\s effect4 ,no?+ c be m ent]ta9+ to a rational m9d1 ?an ! conomy ( ! human passions1 ( :i* ,i h attempt$ to give "s fa9t notion4 ,x mu/ h[ev] be confess$1 t our passions1 :5 !y happ5 to swell beyond _! prop] limits1 take on a less regul> appe>ance4 ,reason may proclaim our duty1 b ! w influ5c$ by passion1 makes gratification always welcome4 ,h5ce ! p[] ( passion1 :i*1 :5 9 excess1 _c be resi/$ b by ! utmo/ =titude ( m9d4 ,x is b5t ^u gratification2 & :]e prop] objects are want+1 x cl+s to any object at h& )\t di/9ction4 ,?us joy inspir$ by a =tunate ev5t1 is diffus$ ^u e p]son ar\nd by acts ( b5evol5ce2 & res5tm5t = an atroci\s injury done by "o out ( rea*1 seizes ! fir/ object t occurs to v5t itself ^u4 ,^? :o believe 9 prophecies1 ev5 wi% ! accompli%m5t2 & a weak m9d is dispos$ volunt>ily to fulfil a prophecy1 9 ord] to gratify its wi%4 ,%akespe>1 :om no p>ticle ( human nature ha? escap$1 h[ev] remote f common obs]vation1 describes ?is weakness3 ,k4 ,h5ry4 ,do? any "n p>ticul> belong ,unto t lodg+ :]e ,i fir/ did swoon8 ,w>wick4 ',tis call'd ,j]usalem1 my ,noble ,"l4 ,k4 ,h5ry4 ,laud be to ,god6 ev5 !re my life mu/ end4 ,x ha? be5 prophesy'd to me _m ye>s1 ,i %\ld n die b 9 ,j]usalem1 ,:i* va9ly ,i suppos'd ! holy l&4 ,b be> me to t *amb]1 !re ,i'll lie3 ,9 t ,j]usalem %all ,h5ry die4 ,second "p1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 act #d4 sc4 la/4 ,i c\ld n d5y myself ! amusem5t ( ! =ego+ obs]vation1 ?\gh x do? n prop]ly come "u my plan4 ,! irregul>ities ( passion proce$+ f peculi> weaknesses & biasses1 ,i d n und]take to ju/ify2 & ( ^! we h _h _m examples4#di ,x is suffici5t t passions common to all & z g5]ally ex]t$1 are made subs]vi5t to b5eficial purposes4 ,i %all only obs]ve1 t 9 a poli%$ society in/ances ( irregul> passions are r>e1 & t _! mis*ief do? n ext5d f>4 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,,beauty4 ,hav+ disc\rs$ 9 g5]al ( emotions & passions1 ,i proce$ to a m n>r[ inspection ( "s p>ticul>s t s]ve to unfold ! pr9ciples ( ! f9e arts4 ,x is ! prov9ce ( a writ] ^u e?ics1 to give a full enum]ation ( all ! passions2 & ( ea* sep>ately to assign ! nature1 ! cause1 ! gratification1 & ! effects4 ,b a treatise ( e?ics is n my prov9ce4 ,i c>ry my view no f>!r ?an to ! elem5ts ( criticism1 9 ord] to %[ t ! f9e arts are a subject ( reason+ z well z ( ta/e4 ,an ext5sive "w w\ld be ill suit$ to a design s limit$2 & to keep )9 mod]ate b\nds1 ! foll[+ plan may contribute4 ,x has already be5 obs]v$1 t ?+s are ! causes ( emotions1 by means ( _! prop]ties & attributes#ej4 ,?is furni%e? a h9t = di/ribution4 ,in/ead ( a pa9ful & t$i\s exam9ation ( ! sev]al passions & emotions1 ,i propose to conf9e my inquiries to su* attributes1 relations1 & circum/ances1 z 9 ! f9e arts are *iefly employ$ to raise agreeable emotions4 ,attributes ( s+le objects1 z ! mo/ simple1 %all take ! lead2 to be foll[$ ) p>ticul>s t dep5d on ! relations ( objects1 & are n f\nd 9 any "o object s+ly consid]$4 ,dispat*+ next "s co9cid5t matt]s1 ,i approa* ne>] to practice1 by apply+ ! pr9ciples unfold$ 9 ! =ego+ p>ts ( ! "w4 ,?is is a g5]al view ( ! int5d$ me?od2 res]v+ h[ev] a privilege to v>y x 9 p>ticul> in/ances1 :]e a diff]5t me?od may be m commodi\s4 ,i beg9 ) beauty1 ! mo/ not$ ( all ! qualities t belong to s+le objects4 ,! t]m beauty1 9 its native signification1 is appropriat$ to objects ( sight4 ,objects ( ! o!r s5ses may be agreeable1 su* z ! s\nds ( musical in/rum5ts1 ! smoo?ness & s(tness ( "s surfaces3 b ! agreeabl5ess d5om9at$ beauty belongs to objects ( sight4 ,( all ! objects ( ! ext]nal s5ses1 an object ( sight is ! mo/ complex4 ,9 ! v simple/1 col\r is p]ceiv$1 figure1 & l5g? bread? & ?ickness4 ,a tree is compos$ ( a trunk1 bran*es1 & leaves4 ,x has col\r1 figure1 size1 & sometimes motion4 ,by means ( ea* ( ^! p>ticul>s1 sep>ately consid]$1 x appe>s beautiful3 h[ mu* m s1 :5 !y ent] all into "o complex p]ception8 ,! beauty ( ! human figure is extraord9>y1 be+ a composition ( numb]less beauties aris+ f ! p>ts & qualities ( ! object1 v>i\s col\rs1 v>i\s motions1 figure1 size1 c42 all unit+ 9 "o complex p]ception1 & /rik+ ! eye ) comb9$ =ce4 ,h5ce x is1 t beauty1 a quality s rem>kable 9 visible objects1 l5ds its "n to express e ?+ t is em95tly agreeable4 ,?us1 by a figure ( spee*1 we say a beautiful s\nd1 a beautiful ?\ght or expression1 a beautiful !orem1 a beautiful ev5t1 a beautiful discov]y 9 art or sci5ce4 ,b z figurative expression is n our pres5t !me1 ?is *apt] is conf9$ to beauty 9 its g5u9e signification4 ,x is natural to suppose1 t a p]ception s v>i\s z t ( beauty1 compreh5d+ sometimes _m p>ticul>s1 sometimes few1 %\ld occasion emotions equally v>i\s4 ,& yet all ! v>i\s emotions ( beauty ma9ta9 "o g5]al "* ( sweetness & gaiety4 ,consid]+ att5tively ! beauty ( visible objects1 we discov] two k9ds4 ,"o may be t]m$ intr9sic beauty1 because x is discov]$ 9 a s+le object view$ ap>t )\t relation to any o!r object4 ,! examples above giv51 are ( t k9d4 ,! o!r may be t]m$ relative beauty1 be+ f\nd$ on ! relation ( objects4 ,! =m] is a p]ception ( s5se m]ely2 = to p]ceive ! beauty ( a spread+ oak or ( a fl[+ riv]1 no m is requir$ b s+ly an act ( vision4 ,! latt] is accompani$ ) an act ( und]/&+ & reflection2 = ( a f9e in/rum5t or eng9e1 we p]ceive n ! relative beauty1 until we be made acqua9t$ ) its use & de/9ation4 ,9 a ^w1 intr9sic beauty is ultimate3 relative beauty is t ( means relat+ to "s good end or purpose4 ,^! diff]5t beauties agree 9 "o capital circum/ance1 t bo? are equally p]ceiv$ z spread ^u ! object4 ,?is w be readily admitt$ ) respect to intr9sic beauty2 b is n s obvi\s ) respect to ! o!r4 ,! utility ( ! pl\gh1 = example1 may make x an object ( admiration or ( desire2 b :y %\ld utility make x appe> beautiful8 ,a pr9ciple m5tion$ above#ea1 w expla9 ?is d\bt4 ,! beauty ( ! effect1 by an easy transition ( ideas1 is transf]r$ to ! cause1 & is p]ceiv$ z "o ( ! qualities ( ! cause4 ,?us a subject void ( intr9sic beauty1 appe>s beautiful f its utility4 ,an old ,go?ic t[] t has no beauty 9 itself1 appe>s beautiful1 consid]$ z prop] to def5d aga9/ an enemy4 ,a dwell+-h\se void ( all regul>ity1 is h[ev] beautiful 9 ! view ( conv5i5ce2 & ! want ( =m or symmetry 9 a tree1 w n prev5t its appe>+ beautiful1 if x be kn[n to produce good fruit4 ,:5 ^! two beauties concur 9 any object1 x appe>s delightful4 ,e memb] ( ! human body possesses bo? 9 a high degree4 ,! sl5d] make ( a horse de/9$ = runn+1 pleases e ta/e2 p>tly f symmetry1 & p>tly f utility4 ,! beauty ( utility1 be+ proportion$ accurately to ! degree ( utility1 requires no illu/ration4 ,b intr9sic beauty1 s complex z ,i h said1 _c be h&l$ di/9ctly )\t be+ analiz$ into its con/itu5t p>ts4 ,if a tree be beautiful by means ( its col\r1 its figure1 its size1 its motion1 x is 9 reality possess$ ( s _m diff]5t beauties1 :i* ought to be exam9$ sep>ately1 9 ord] to h a cle> notion ( ! :ole4 ,! beauty ( col\r is too famili> to ne$ explanation4 ,! beauty ( figure requires an accurate discussion1 = 9 x _m circum/ances are involv$4 ,:5 any portion ( matt] is view$ z a :ole1 ! beauty ( its figure arises f regul>ity & simplicity4 ,view+ ! p>ts ) relation to ea* o!r1 uni=mity1 proportion1 & ord]1 contribute to its beauty4 ,! beauty ( motion des]ves a *apt] by itself2 & ano!r *apt] is de/9$ = gr&eur1 be+ di/+ui%able f beauty 9 a /rict s5se4 ,= ! def9itions ( regul>ity1 uni=mity1 proportion1 & ord]1 if ?\ght necess>y1 ,i remit my read] to ! app5dix at ! end ( ! book4 ,^u simplicity ,i mu/ make a few cursory obs]vations1 su* z may be ( use 9 exam9+ ! beauty ( s+le objects4 ,a multitude ( objects cr[d+ into ! m9d at once1 di/urb ! att5tion1 & pass )\t mak+ any impression1 or any la/+ impression4 ,9 a gr\p1 no s+le object makes ! figure x w\ld d ap>t1 :5 x occupies ! :ole att5tion#eb4 ,= ! same reason1 ev5 a s+le object1 :5 x divides ! att5tion by ! multiplicity ( its p>ts1 equals n1 9 /r5g? ( impression1 a m simple object compreh5d$ 9 a s+le view4 ,p>ts extremely complex mu/ be consid]$ 9 portions successively2 & a numb] ( impressions 9 succession1 :i* _c unite because n simultane\s1 nev] t\* ! m9d l "o entire impression made z x 7 at "o /roke4 ,?is ju/ifies simplicity 9 works ( art1 z oppos$ to complicat$ circum/ances & cr[d$ ornam5ts4 ,!re is an additional reason = simplicity1 9 works t make an impression ( dignity or elevation4 ,! m9d atta*$ to beauties ( a high rank1 _c desc5d to inf]ior beauties4 ,& yet1 not)/&+ ^! reasons1 we f9d pr(use decoration prevail+ 9 works ( art4 ,b ?is is no argum5t aga9/ simplicity1 ,= au?ors & ar*itects :o _c rea* ! high] beauties1 endeav\r to supply _! want ( g5ius by deal+ 9 ^? t are inf]ior4 ,9 all ages1 ! be/ writ]s & arti/s h be5 gov]n$ by a ta/e = simplicity4 ,^! ?+s premis$1 ,i proce$ to exam9e ! beauty ( figure1 z aris+ f ! above-m5tion$ p>ticul>s1 viz4 regul>ity1 uni=mity1 proportion1 ord]1 & simplicity4 ,to exhau/ ?is subject1 w\ld ( itself require a l>ge volume4 ,i limit myself to a few cursory rem>ks1 z matt] = future disquisition4 ,to inquire :y an object1 by means ( ! p>ticul>s m5tion$1 appe>s beautiful1 w\ld ,i am afraid be a va9 attempt4 ,x seems ! mo/ probable op9ion1 t ! nature ( man 0 orig9ally fram$ ) a reli% = !m1 9 ord] to answ] wise & good purposes4 ,! f9al causes h n hi!rto be5 asc]ta9$1 ?\gh !y are n probably beyond our rea*4 ,"o ?+ is cle>1 t regul>ity1 uni=mity1 ord]1 & simplicity1 contribute ea* ( !m to read9ess ( appreh5sion2 & enable u to =m m di/9ct images ( objects1 ?an c be done ) ! utmo/ att5tion :]e ^! p>ticul>s are n f\nd4 ,?is f9al cause is1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 too slight1 to acc\nt satisfactorily = a ta/e t makes a figure s illu/ri\s 9 ! nature ( man4 ,t ?is bran* ( our con/itution ha? a purpose /ill m important1 we h great reason to believe4 ,) respect to proportion1 ,i am /ill less successful4 ,9 sev]al in/ances1 accurate proportion is connect$ ) utility4 ,?is 9 p>ticul> is ! case ( animals2 = ^? t are ! be/ proportion$1 are ! /ronge/ & mo/ active4 ,b in/ances are /ill m num]\s1 :]e ! proportions we reli% ! mo/1 h no connection1 s f> z we see1 ) utility4 ,writ]s on ar*itecture insi/ mu* ^u ! proportions ( a column2 & assign diff]5t proportions to ! ,doric1 ,ionic1 & ,cor9?ian4 ,b no ar*itect w ma9ta91 t ! mo/ accurate proportions contribute m to use1 ?an sev]al t are less accurate & less agreeable4 ,nei!r w x be ma9ta9$1 t ! proportions assign$ = ! l5g? bread? & height ( rooms1 t5d to make !m ! m commodi\s4 ,x appe>s !n1 s f> z we c discov]1 t we h a ta/e = proportion indep5d5t altoge!r ( utility4 ,"o ?+ inde$ is c]ta91 t any ext]nal object proportion$ to our ta/e1 is delightful4 ,?is furni%es a h9t4 ,may x n be ?\ght a good f9al cause ( proportion1 t x contributes to our ent]ta9m5t8 ,! au?or ( our nature has giv5 _m signal pro(s1 t ?is end is n bel[ 8 c>e4 ,& if s1 :y %\ld we hesitate 9 assign+ ?is z an additional f9al cause ( regul>ity1 & ! o!r p>ticul>s above m5tion$8 ,we may be confirm$ 9 ?is ?\ght1 by reflect+1 t our ta/e1 ) respect to ^!1 is n occasional or accid5tal1 b uni=m & univ]sal1 mak+ an orig9al bran* ( human nature4 ,"o might fill a volume ) ! effects t are produc$ by ! endless comb9ations ( ! pr9ciples ( beauty4 ,i h room only = a slight specim51 conf9$ to ! simple/ figures4 ,a circle & a squ>e are ea* ( !m p]fectly regul>1 be+ equally conf9$ to a precise =m1 & admitt+ n ! slighte/ v>iation4 ,a squ>e h[ev] is less beautiful ?an a circle1 because x is less simple4 ,a circle has p>ts z well z a squ>e2 b its p>ts n be+ di/9ct l ^? ( a squ>e1 x makes "o entire impression2 :]eas ! att5tion is divid$ among ! sides & angles ( a squ>e4 ,! effect ( simplicity may be illu/rat$ by ano!r example4 ,a squ>e1 ?\gh n m regul> ?an a hexagon or octagon1 is m beautiful ?an ei!r2 = :at o!r reason1 ?an t a squ>e is m simple1 & ! att5tion less divid$8 ,?is reason+ w appe> /ill m solid :5 we consid] any regul> polygon ( v _m sides2 = ( su* figure ! m9d c nev] h any di/9ct p]ception4 ,simplicity ?us contributes to beauty4 ,a squ>e is m beautiful ?an a p>allelogram4 ,! =m] exce$s ! latt] 9 regul>ity & 9 uni=mity ( p>ts4 ,b ?is holds ) respect to intr9sic beauty only2 = 9 _m in/ances1 utility comes 9 to ca/ ! balance on ! side ( ! p>allelogram4 ,?is figure = ! doors & w9d[s ( a dwell+-h\se1 is pref]r$ because ( utility2 & "h we f9d ! beauty ( utility prevail+ ov] t ( regul>ity & uni=mity4 ,a p>allelogram aga9 dep5ds1 = its beauty1 on ! proportion ( its sides4 ,! beauty is lo/ by a great inequality ( sides4 ,x is also lo/1 on ! o!r h&1 by ! approximation t[>d equality4 ,proportion 9 ?is circum/ance deg5]ates into imp]fect uni=mity2 & ! figure ^u ! :ole appe>s an unsuccessful attempt t[>d a squ>e4 ,an equilat]al triangle yields n to a squ>e 9 regul>ity nor 9 uni=mity ( p>ts1 & x is m simple4 ,b an equilat]al triangle is less beautiful ?an a squ>e1 :i* mu/ be ow+ to inf]iority ( ord] 9 ! position ( its p>ts4 ,! sides ( an equilat]al triangle incl9e to ea* o!r 9 ! same angle1 :i* is ! mo/ p]fect ord] !y are susceptible (4 ,b ?is ord] is obscure1 & f> f be+ s p]fect z ! p>allelism ( ! sides ( a squ>e4 ,?us ord] contributes to ! beauty ( visible objects1 n less ?an simplicity & regul>ity4 ,a p>allelogram exce$s an equilat]al triangle 9 ! ord]ly disposition ( its p>ts2 b be+ inf]ior 9 uni=mity & simplicity1 x is less beautiful4 ,uni=mity is s+ul> 9 "o capital circum/ance1 t x is apt to disgu/ by excess4 ,a numb] ( ?+s contriv$ = ! same use1 su* z *airs spoons1 c4 _c be too uni=m4 ,b a scrupul\s uni=mity ( p>ts 9 a l>ge g>d5 or field1 is f> f be+ agreeable4 ,uni=mity among connect$ objects1 belongs n to ! pres5t subject4 ,x is h&l$ 9 ! *apt] ( uni=mity & v>iety4 ,9 all ! works ( nature1 simplicity makes an illu/ri\s figure4 ,! works ( ! be/ arti/s are direct$ by x4 ,pr(use ornam5t 9 pa9t+1 g>d5+1 or ar*itecture1 z well z 9 dress & language1 %[s a mean or corrupt$ ta/e4 ,poets1 l pa9t]s1 ?us unskill'd to trace ,! nak$ nature & ! liv+ grace1 ,) gold & jewels cov] ev'ry "p1 ,& hide ) ornam5ts _! want ( art4 ,pope's ,essay on criticism4 ,no "o prop]ty recomm5ds a ma*9e m ?an its simplicity2 n s+ly = bett] answ]+ its purpose1 b by appe>+ 9 itself m beautiful4 ,simplicity ha? a capital effect 9 behavi\r & mann]s2 no o!r p>ticul> contribut+ m to ga9 e/eem & love4 ,! artificial & intricate mann]s ( mod]n times1 h little ( dignity 9 !m4 ,g5]al !orems1 ab/ract+ f _! importance1 are delightful by _! simplicity1 & by ! eas9ess ( _! application to a v>iety ( cases4 ,we take equal delight 9 ! laws ( motion1 :i*1 ) ! greate/ simplicity1 are b\ndless 9 _! influ5ce4 ,a gradual progress f simplicity to complex =ms & pr(use ornam5t1 seems to be ! fate ( all ! f9e arts2 resembl+ behavi\r1 :i* f orig9al c&or & simplicity has deg5]at$ into artificial ref9em5ts4 ,at pres5t1 writt5 productions are cr[d$ ) words1 epi!ts1 figures1 c4 ,9 music1 s5tim5t is neglect$1 = ! luxury ( h>mony1 & = difficult movem5t :i* surprises 9 its execution4 ,9 ta/e prop]ly s call$1 poignant sauces ) complicat$ mixtures ( diff]5t fav\rs1 prevail among p ( condition4 ,! ,fr5*1 accu/om$ to ! artificial r$ on _! wom5's *eeks1 ?9k ! mode/ col\r+ ( nature display$ on a f9e face altoge!r insipid4 ,! same t5d5cy appe>s 9 ! progress ( ! arts among ! anci5ts4 ,( ?is we h traces /ill rema9+ 9 ar*itecture4 ,"s ve/iges ( ! olde/ ,grecian build+s prove !m to be ( ! ,doric ord]4 ,! ,ionic succe$$1 & seems to h be5 ! fav\rite ord]1 :ile ar*itecture 0 9 its height ( glory4 ,! ,cor9?ian came next 9 vogue3 & 9 ,greece1 ! build+s ( t ord] appe> mo/ly to h be5 erect$ aft] ! ,romans got foot+ !re4 ,at la/ came ! ,composite ) all its extravagancies1 :]e proportion is sacrific$ to f9]y & cr[d$ ornam5t4 ,b :at ta/e is to prevail next8 = fa%ion is 9 a cont9ual flux1 & ta/e mu/ v>y ) x4 ,aft] ri* & pr(use ornam5ts become famili>1 simplicity appe>s by contra/ lifeless & insipid4 ,?is w\ld be an unsurm\ntable ob/ruction1 %\ld any man ( g5ius & ta/e endeav\r to re/ore anci5t simplicity4 ,9 review+ :at is said above1 ,i am "u "s appreh5sion ( an objection1 :i*1 z x may possibly occur to ! read]1 ought to be obviat$4 ,a m\nta91 x w be obs]v$1 is an agreeable object1 )\t s mu* z ! appe>ance ( regul>ity2 & a *a9 ( m\nta9s /ill m agreeable1 )\t be+ arrang$ 9 any ord]4 ,b ^! facts consid]$ 9 a prop] light1 af=d n an objection4 ,regul>ity1 ord]1 & uni=mity1 are intimately connect$ ) beauty2 & 9 ?is view only1 h ,i treat$ !m4 ,e regul> object1 = example1 mu/ 9 respect ( its regul>ity be beautiful4 ,b ,i h n said1 t regul>ity1 ord]1 & uni=mity1 are ess5tial to beauty1 s z t x _c exi/ )\t !m4 ,! contr>y appe>s 9 ! beauty ( col\r4 ,f> less h ,i said1 t an object _c be agreeable 9 any respect indep5d5t ( ^! qualities4 ,gr&eur1 z di/+ui%$ f beauty1 requires v little regul>ity4 ,?is w appe> m fully :5 t article is h&l$4 ,9 ! mean "t1 to %[ ! diff]5ce betwixt beauty & gr&eur ) respect to regul>ity1 ,i %all give a few examples4 ,imag9e a small body1 let x be a globe1 9 a cont9ual flux ( figure1 f ! mo/ p]fect regul>ity till !re rema9 no appe>ance ( t quality4 ,! beauty ( ?is globe1 dep5d+ on its regul> figure1 w gradually we> away ) its regul>ity2 & :5 x is no long] regul>1 x no long] w appe> beautiful4 ,! next example %all be ( ! same globe1 gradually enl>g+ its size1 b reta9+ its figure4 ,9 ?is body1 we at fir/ p]ceive ! beauty ( regul>ity only4 ,b s soon z x beg9s to swell into a great size1 x appe>s agreeable by its greatness1 :i* jo9s ) ! beauty ( regul>ity to make x a delightful object4 ,9 ! la/ place1 let x be imag9$1 t ! figure z well z ! quantity ( matt] are 9 a cont9ual flux2 & t ! body1 :ile x increases 9 size1 becomes less & less regul>1 till x lose altoge!r ! appe>ance ( t quality4 ,9 ?is case1 ! beauty ( regul>ity we>+ (f gradually1 gives place to an agreeabl5ess ( a diff]5t sort1 viz4 t ( greatness3 & at la/ ! emotion aris+ f greatness w be 9 p]fection1 :5 ! beauty ( regul>ity is gone4 ,h5ce x is1 t 9 a l>ge object ! want ( regul>ity is n mu* reg>d$ by ! spectator :o is /ruck ) its gr&eur4 ,a swell+ em95ce is agreeable1 ?\gh n /rictly regul>4 ,a t[]+ hill is delightful1 if x h b any di/ant resemblance ( a cone4 ,a small surface ought to be smoo?2 b 9 a wide-ext5d$ pla91 consid]able inequalities are ov]look$4 ,?is obs]vation holds equally 9 works ( art4 ,! slighte/ irregul>ity 9 a h\se ( a mod]ate size hurts ! eye2 :ile ! m9d1 /ruck ) ! gr&eur ( a sup]b edifice1 :i* occupies x totally1 _c be> to desc5d to its irregul>ities unless extremely gross4 ,9 a l>ge volume we p>don _m defects t w\ld make an epigram intol]able4 ,9 %ort1 ! obs]vation holds 9 g5]al1 t beauty is connect$ ) regul>ity 9 great objects z well z 9 small2 b ) a rem>kable diff]5ce1 t 9 pass+ f small to great1 regul>ity is less & less requir$4 ,! di/9ction betwixt prim>y & second>y qualities 9 matt]1 seems n[ fully e/abli%$4 ,heat & cold1 ?\gh seem+ to exi/ 9 bodies1 are discov]$ to be effects caus$ by ^! bodies 9 a s5sitive be+4 ,col\r1 :i* ! eye repres5ts z spread ^u a sub/ance1 has no exi/5ce b 9 ! m9d ( ! spectator4 ,p]ceptions ( ?is k9d1 :i*1 by a delusion ( s5se1 are attribut$ to ext]nal subjects1 are t]m$ second>y qualities1 9 contradi/9ction to figure1 ext5sion1 solidity1 :i* are prim>y qualities1 & :i* are n sep>able1 ev5 9 imag9ation1 f ! subjects !y belong to4 ,?is sugge/s a curi\s inquiry1 ,:e!r beauty be a prim>y or only a second>y quality ( objects8 ,! "q is easily det]m9$ ) respect to ! beauty ( col\r2 = if col\r be a second>y quality exi/+ no :]e b 9 ! m9d ( ! spectator1 its beauty mu/ be ( ! same k9d4 ,?is conclusion mu/ also hold ) respect to ! beauty ( utility1 :i* is pla9ly a conception ( ! m9d1 aris+ n m]ely f sight1 b f reflect+ t ! ?+ is fitt$ = "s good end or purpose4 ,! "q is m intricate ) respect to ! beauty ( regul>ity4 ,if regul>ity be a prim>y quality1 :y n also its beauty8 ,t ?is is n a good consequ5ce1 w appe> f consid]+1 t beauty1 9 its v conception1 ref]s to a p]cipi5t2 = an object is said to be beautiful1 = no o!r reason b t x appe>s s to a spectator4 ,! same piece ( matt] :i* to man appe>s beautiful1 may possibly to ano!r be+ appe> ugly4 ,beauty !re=e1 :i* = its exi/5ce dep5ds ^u ! p]cipi5t z mu* z ^u ! object p]ceiv$1 _c be an inh]5t prop]ty ( ei!r4 ,:at else !n c x be1 b a p]ception 9 ! m9d occasion$ by c]ta9 objects8 ,! same reason+ is applicable to ! beauty ( ord]1 ( uni=mity1 ( gr&eur4 ,accord+ly1 x may be pron\nc$ 9 g5]al1 t beauty 9 no case :atev] is a real quality ( matt]4 ,& h5ce x is wittily obs]v$ by ! poet1 t beauty is n 9 ! c\nt5ance1 b 9 ! lov]'s eye4 ,?is reason+ is und\bt$ly solid3 & ! only cause ( d\bt or hesitation is1 t we are taught a diff]5t lesson by s5se4 ,by a s+ul> det]m9ation ( nature1 we p]ceive bo? beauty & col\r z belong+ to ! object2 &1 l figure or ext5sion1 z inh]5t prop]ties4 ,?is me*anism is uncommon2 & :5 nature1 to fulfil h] int5tion1 *use? any s+ul> me?od ( op]ation1 we may be c]ta9 ( "s f9al cause t _c be rea*$ by ord9>y means4 ,x appe>s to me1 t a p]ception ( beauty 9 ext]nal objects1 is requisite to atta* u to !m4 ,do? n ?is me*anism1 9 ! fir/ place1 greatly promote indu/ry1 by prompt+ a desire to possess ?+s t are beautiful8 ,do? x n fur!r jo9 ) utility1 9 prompt+ u to embelli% our h\ses & enri* our fields8 ,^! h[ev] are b slight effects1 comp>$ ) ! connections :i* are =m$ among individuals 9 society by means ( ?is s+ul> me*anism4 ,! qualifications ( ! head & he>t1 are und\bt$ly ! mo/ solid & mo/ p]man5t f\ndations ( su* connections4 ,b z ext]nal beauty lies m 9 view1 & is m obvi\s to ! bulk ( mank9d ?an ! qualities n[ m5tion$1 ! s5se ( beauty possesses ! m univ]sal influ5ce 9 =m+ ^! connections4 ,at any rate1 x concurs 9 an em95t degree ) m5tal qualifications1 to produce social int]c\rse1 mutual good-w1 & consequ5tly mutual aid & support1 :i* are ! life ( society4 ,x mu/ n h[ev] be ov]look$1 t ?is s5se do? n t5d to advance ! int]e/s ( society1 b :5 9 a due mean ) respect to /r5g?4 ,love 9 p>ticul> aris+ f a s5se ( beauty1 loses1 :5 excessive1 its sociable "*#ec4 ,! appetite = gratification1 prevail+ ov] affection = ! belov$ object1 is ungov]nable2 & t5ds viol5tly to its end1 reg>dless ( ! mis]y t mu/ foll[4 ,love 9 ?is /ate is no long] a sweet agreeable passion4 ,x becomes pa9ful l hung] or ?ir/2 & produce? no happ9ess b 9 ! in/ant ( fruition4 ,?is discov]y sugge/s a mo/ important lesson1 t mod]ation 9 our desires & appetites1 :i* fits u = do+ our duty1 contributes at ! same "t ! mo/ to happ9ess4 ,ev5 social passions1 :5 mod]ate1 are m pleasant ?an :5 !y swell beyond prop] b\nds4 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,gr&eur & ,sublimity4 ,nature ha? n m rem>kably di/+ui%$ u f ! o!r animals by an erect po/ure1 ?an by a capaci\s & aspir+ m9d1 incl9+ u to e ?+ great & elevat$4 ,! ocean1 ! sky1 or any l>ge object1 seizes ! att5tion1 & makes a /rong impression#ed4 ,robes ( /ate are made l>ge & full to draw respect4 ,we admire elephants & :ales = _! magnitude1 not)/&+ _! unwield9ess4 ,! elevation ( an object affects u n less ?an its magnitude4 ,a high place is *os5 = ! /atue ( a deity or h]o4 ,a tree gr[+ ^u ! br9k ( a precipice view$ f ! pla9 bel[1 af=ds by t circum/ance an additional pleasure4 ,a ?rone is erect$ = ! *ief magi/rate1 & a *air ) a high seat = ! presid5t ( a c\rt4 ,9 "s objects1 greatness & elevation concur to make a complicat$ impression4 ,! ,alps & ! pike ( ,t5]iff are prop] examples2 ) ! foll[+ diff]5ce1 t 9 ! =m] greatness seems to prevail1 elevation 9 ! latt]4 ,! emotions rais$ by great & by elevat$ objects1 are cle>ly di/+ui%able1 n only 9 ! int]nal feel+1 b ev5 9 _! ext]nal expressions4 ,a great object dilates ! brea/1 & makes ! spectator endeav\r to enl>ge 8 bulk4 ,?is is rem>kable 9 p]sons1 :o1 neglect+ delicacy 9 behavi\r1 give way to nature )\t res]ve4 ,9 describ+ a great object1 !y naturally exp& !mselves by draw+ 9 air ) all _! =ce4 ,an elevat$ object produces a diff]5t expression4 ,x makes ! spectator /ret* upw>d & /& a tiptoe4 ,great & elevat$ objects consid]$ ) relation to ! emotions produc$ by !m1 are t]m$ gr& & sublime4 ,gr&eur & sublimity h a d\ble signification4 ,!y g5]ally signify ! quality or circum/ance 9 ! objects by :i* ! emotions are produc$2 sometimes ! emotions !mselves4 ,:e!r magnitude s+ly 9 an object ( sight1 h ! effect to produce an emotion di/+ui%able f ! beauty or de=mity ( t object2 or :e!r x be only a circum/ance modify+ ! beauty or de=mity1 is an intricate "q4 ,if magnitude produce an emotion ( its own di/+ui%able f o!rs1 ?is emotion mu/ ei!r be pleasant or pa9ful4 ,b ?is seems to be contradict$ by exp]i5ce2 = magnitude1 z x w\ld appe>1 contributes 9 "s in/ances to beauty1 9 "s to de=mity4 ,a hill1 = in/ance1 is agreeable1 & a great m\nta9 /ill m s4 ,b an ugly mon/]1 ! l>g]1 ! m horrid4 ,greatness 9 an enemy1 great p[]1 great c\rage1 s]ve b to augm5t our t]ror4 ,ha? n ?is an appe>ance z if gr&eur 7 n an emotion di/9ct f all o!rs1 b only a circum/ance t qualifies beauty & de=mity8 ,i am not)/&+ satisfi$1 t gr&eur is an emotion1 n only di/9ct f all o!rs1 b 9 e circum/ance pleasant4 ,^! propositions mu/ be exam9$ sep>ately4 ,i beg9 ) ! =m]1 & %all endeav\r to prove1 t magnitude produce? a peculi> emotion di/+ui%able f all o!rs4 ,magnitude is und\bt$ly a real prop]ty ( bodies1 n less ?an figure1 & m ?an col\r4 ,figure & col\r1 ev5 9 ! same body1 produce sep>ate emotions1 :i* are nev] misappreh5d$ "o = ! o!r4 ,:y %\ld n magnitude produce an emotion diff]5t f bo?8 ,t x has ?is effect1 w be evid5t f a pla9 exp]im5t ( two bodies1 "o great & "o little1 :i* produce diff]5t emotions1 ?\gh !y be precisely ! same z to figure & col\r4 ,!re is inde$ an obscurity 9 ?is matt]1 occasion$ by ! foll[+ circum/ance1 t ! gr&eur & beauty ( ! same object mix s intimately z sc>ce to be di/+ui%$4 ,b ! beauty ( col\r comes 9 happily to enable u to make ! di/9ction4 ,= ! emotion ( col\r unites ) t ( figure1 n less intimately ?an gr&eur does ) ei!r4 ,yet ! emotion ( col\r is di/+ui%able f t ( figure2 & s is gr&eur1 att5tively consid]$3 ?\gh :5 ^! ?ree emotions are bl5d$ toge!r1 !y are sc>ce felt z diff]5t emotions4 ,next1 t gr&eur is an emotion 9 e circum/ance pleasant1 appe>s f ! foll[+ consid]ations4 ,magnitude or greatness1 ab/ract$ f all o!r circum/ances1 swells ! he>t & dilates ! m9d4 ,we feel ?is to be a pleasant effect2 & we feel no su* effect 9 contract+ ! m9d ^u little objects4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by consid]+ gr&eur 9 an enemy4 ,beauty is an agreeable quality1 :e!r 9 a fri5d or enemy2 & :5 ! emotion x raise? is mix$ ) res5tm5t aga9/ an enemy1 x mu/ h ! effect to mod]ate our res5tm5t4 ,9 ! same mann]1 gr&eur 9 an enemy1 und\bt$ly s(t5s & blunts our res5tm5t4 ,gr&eur inde$ may indirectly & by reflection produce an unpleasant effect4 ,gr&eur 9 an enemy1 l c\rage1 may increase our fe>1 :5 we consid] ! advantage he ha? ov] u by ?is quality4 ,b ! same indirect effect may be produc$ by _m o!r agreeable qualities1 su* z beauty or wisdom4 ,! magnitude ( an ugly object1 s]ves1 x is true1 to augm5t our horror or av]sion4 ,b ?is proce$s n f magnitude sep>ately consid]$4 ,x proce$s f ! foll[+ circum/ance1 t 9 a l>ge object a great quantity ( ugly p>ts are pres5t$ to view4 ,! same *a9 ( reason+ is s obvi\sly applicable to sublimity1 t x w\ld be los+ "t to %[ ! application4 ,gr&eur !re=e & sublimity %all h]eaft] be consid]$ bo? ( !m z pleasant emotions4 ,! pleasant emotion rais$ by l>ge objects1 has n escap$ ! poets3 ---- ,he do? be/ride ! n>r[ _w ,l a ,colossus2 & we petty m5 ,walk "u 8 huge legs4 ,julius ,cs>1 act ,i4 sc4 #c4 ,cleopatra4 ,i dreamt !re 0 an ,emp'ror ,antony2 ,oh su* ano!r sleep1 t ,i might see ,b su* ano!r man6 ,8 face 0 z ! heav'ns3 & !re9 /uck ,a sun & moon1 :i* kept _! c\rse & light$ ,! little ,o o' ?' e>?4 ,8 legs be/rid ! ocean1 8 re>'d arm ,cre/$ ! _w4 ,antony & ,cleopatra1 act #e4 sc4 #c4 ---- ,maje/y ,dies n alone1 b1 l a gulf1 do? draw ,:at's ne> x ) x4 ,x's a massy :eel ,fixt on ! summit ( ! highe/ m\nt2 ,to ^: huge spokes1 t5 ?\s& less] ?+s ,are mortis'd & adjo9'd2 :i* :5 x falls1 ,ea* small annexm5t1 petty consequ5ce1 ,att5ds ! boi/'r\s ru94 ,hamlet1 act #c4 sc4 #h4 ,! poets h also made good use ( ! emotion produc$ by ! elevat$ situation ( an object4 ,quod si me lyricis v>ibus inf]es1 ,sublimi f]iam sid]a v]tice4 ,horace1 ,c>m4 l4 #a4 ode #a4 ,oh ?\6 ! e>?ly au?or ( my blood1 ,^: y\?ful _s1 9 me reg5]ate1 ,do? ) a tw(old vig\r lift me up1 ,to rea* at victory above my head4 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 act #a4 sc4 #d4 ,nor?umb]l&1 ?\ ladd] :]e)al ,! m\nt+ ,bol+broke asc5ds my ?rone4 ,ri*>d ,,ii4 act #e4 sc4 #b4 ,an?ony4 ,:y 0 ,i rais'd ! meteor ( ! _w1 ,hung 9 ! skies & blaz+ z ,i travell'd1 ,till all my fires 7 sp5t2 & !n ca/ d[nw>d ,to be trod out by ,cs>8 ,dryd51 ,all = love1 act #a4 ,?\gh ! quality ( magnitude produce? a pleasant emotion1 we mu/ n conclude t ! opposite quality ( littl5ess produce? a pa9ful emotion4 ,x w\ld be unhappy = man1 7 an object disagreeable f its be+ ( a small size m]ely1 :5 he is surr\nd$ ) s _m objects ( t k9d4 ,! same obs]vation is applicable to elevation ( place4 ,a body plac$ high is agreeable2 b ! same body plac$ l[1 is n by t circum/ance r5d]$ disagreeable4 ,littl5ess1 & l[ness ( place1 are precisely simil> 9 ! foll[+ p>ticul>1 t !y nei!r give pleasure nor pa94 ,& 9 ?is may visibly be discov]$ peculi> att5tion 9 fitt+ ! int]nal con/itution ( man to 8 ext]nal circum/ances4 ,7 littl5ess1 & l[ness ( place agreeable1 greatness & elevation c\ld n be s4 ,7 littl5ess1 & l[ness ( place disagreeable1 !y w\ld occasion un9t]rupt$ uneas9ess4 ,! diff]5ce betwixt great & little ) respect to agreeabl5ess1 is rem>kably felt 9 a s]ies :5 we pass gradually f ! "o extreme to ! o!r4 ,a m5tal progress f ! capital to ! k+dom1 f t to ,europe--to ! :ole e>?--to ! planet>y sy/em--to ! univ]se1 is extremely pleasant3 ! he>t swells & ! m9d is dilat$1 at e /ep4 ,! return+ 9 an opposite direction is n positively pa9ful1 ?\gh our pleasure less5s at e /ep1 till x vani% into indiff]5ce4 ,su* a progress may sometimes produce a pleasure ( a diff]5t sort1 :i* arises f tak+ a n>r[] & n>r[] inspection4 ,! same obs]vation is applicable to a progress upw>d & d[nw>d4 ,asc5t is pleasant because x elevates u4 ,b desc5t is nev] pa9ful3 x is = ! mo/ "p pleasant f a diff]5t cause1 t x is accord+ to ! ord] ( nature4 ,! fall ( a /one f any height1 is extremely agreeable by its accel]at$ motion4 ,i feel x pleasant to desc5d f a m\nta93 ! desc5t is natural & easy4 ,nei!r is look+ d[nw>d pa9ful4 ,on ! contr>y1 to look d[n ^u objects1 makes "p ( ! pleasure ( elevation4 ,look+ d[n becomes !n only pa9ful :5 ! object is s f> bel[ z to create dizz9ess3 & ev5 :5 t is ! case1 we feel a sort ( pleasure mixt ) ! pa94 ,witness ,%akespe>'s description ( ,dov] cliffs3 ---- ,h[ fe>ful ,& dizzy 'tis1 to ca/ "o's eyes s l[6 ,! cr[s & *\ghs1 t w+ ! midway-air1 ,%ew sc>ce s gross z beetles4 ,half-way d[n ,hangs "o1 t ga!rs samphire2 dreadful trade6 ,me?9ks he seems no bigg] ?an 8 head4 ,! fi%]m5 t walk ^u ! bea*1 ,appe> l mice2 & yon tall an*or+ b>k ,dim9i%'d to h] cock2 h] cock1 a buoy ,almo/ too small = sight4 ,! murmur+ surge1 ,t on ?' unnumb]'d idle pebbles *afes1 ,_c be he>d s high4 ,i'll look no m1 ,le/ my bra9 turn1 & ! defici5t sight ,topple d[n headlong4 ,k+ ,le>1 act #d4 sc4 #f4 ,an obs]vation is made above1 t ! emotions ( gr&eur & sublimity are ne>ly alli$4 ,h5ce x is1 t ! "o t]m is frequ5tly put = ! o!r4 ,i give an example4 ,an increas+ s]ies ( numb]s produce? an emotion simil> to t ( m\nt+ upw>d1 & = t reason is commonly t]m$ an asc5d+ s]ies4 ,a s]ies ( numb]s gradually decreas+1 produce? an emotion simil> to t ( go+ d[nw>d1 & = t reason is commonly t]m$ a desc5d+ s]ies4 ,we talk famili>ly ( go+ up to ! capital1 & ( go+ d[n to ! c\ntry4 ,f a less] k+dom we talk ( go+ up to a great]1 :5ce ! anabasis 9 ! ,greek language :5 "o travels f ,greece to ,p]sia4 ,we discov] ! same way ( speak+ 9 ! language ev5 ( ,japan#ee2 & its univ]sality proves x ! (fspr+ ( a natural feel+4 ,! =ego+ obs]vation leads u naturally to consid] gr&eur & sublimity 9 a figurative s5se1 & z applicable to ! f9e arts4 ,hi!rto ,i h consid]$ ^! t]ms 9 _! prop] mean+1 z applicable to objects ( sight only3 & ,i ?\ght x ( importance1 to be/[ "s pa9s ^u t article2 because1 g5]ally speak+1 ! figurative s5se ( a ^w is d]iv$ f its prop] s5se2 :i* w be f\nd to hold 9 ! pres5t subject4 ,beauty 9 its orig9al signification1 is conf9$ to objects ( sight4 ,b z _m o!r objects1 intellectual z well z moral1 raise emotions resembl+ t ( beauty1 ! resemblance ( ! effects prompts u naturally to ext5d ! t]m beauty to ^! objects4 ,?is equally acc\nts = ! t]ms gr&eur & sublimity tak5 9 a figurative s5se4 ,e emotion1 f :atev] cause proce$+1 t resembles an emotion ( gr&eur or elevation1 is call$ by ! same "n4 ,?us g5]osity is said to be an elevat$ emotion1 z well z great c\rage2 & t firmness ( s\l :i* is sup]ior to mis=tunes1 obta9s ! peculi> "n ( magnanimity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 e emotion t contracts ! m9d & fixe? x ^u ?+s trivial or ( no importance1 is t]m$ l[1 by its resemblance to an emotion produc$ by a little or l[ object ( sight4 ,?us an appetite = trifl+ amusem5ts1 is call$ a l[ ta/e4 ,! same t]ms are appli$ to *>act]s & actions4 ,we talk famili>ly ( an elevat$ g5ius1 ( a great man1 & equally s ( littl5ess ( m9d4 ,"s actions are great & elevat$1 o!rs are l[ & grovel+4 ,s5tim5ts & ev5 expressions are *>act]is$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,an expression or s5tim5t t raises ! m9d1 is d5om9at$ great or elevat$2 & h5ce ! sublime#ef 9 poetry4 ,9 su* figurative t]ms1 ! di/9ction is lo/ t is made betwixt great & elevat$ 9 _! prop] s5se2 = ! resemblance is n s entire1 z to pres]ve ^! t]ms di/9ct 9 _! figurative application4 ,we c>ry ?is figure /ill f>!r4 ,elevation 9 its prop] s5se1 includes sup]iority ( place2 & l[ness1 inf]iority ( place4 ,h5ce a man ( sup]ior tal5ts1 ( sup]ior rank1 ( inf]ior p>ts1 ( inf]ior ta/e1 & su* l4 ,! v5]ation we h = our ance/ors & = ! anci5ts 9 g5]al1 be+ simil> to ! emotion produc$ by an elevat$ object ( sight1 ju/ifies ! figurative expression1 ( ! anci5ts be+ rais$ above u1 or possess+ a sup]ior place4 ,& we may rem>k by ! way1 t z words are intimately connect$ ) ideas1 _m1 by ?is =m ( expression1 are l$ to conceive _! ance/ors z really above !m 9 place1 & _! po/]ity bel[ !m3 ,a gr&am's "n is little less 9 love ,?an is ! dot+ title ( a "m3 ,!y are z *ildr5 b "o /ep bel[4 ,ri*>d ,,iii4 act #d4 sc4 #e4 ,! notes ( ! gamut1 proce$+ regul>ly f ! blunt] or gross] s\nds to ^? :i* are m acute & pi]c+1 produce 9 ! he>] a feel+ some:at simil> to :at is produc$ by m\nt+ upw>d2 & ?is gives occasion to ! figurative expressions1 a high note1 a l[ note4 ,su* is ! resemblance 9 feel+ betwixt real & figurative gr&eur1 t among ! nations on ! ea/ coa/ ( ,afric1 :o are direct$ purely by nature1 ! diff]5t dignities ( ! (fic]s ( /ate are m>k$ by ! l5g? ( ! batoon ea* c>ries 9 8 h&4 ,& 9 ,japan1 pr9ces & great lords %ew _! rank by ! l5g? & size ( _! s$an-poles#eg4 ,aga91 x is a rule 9 pa9t+1 t figures ( a small size are prop] = grotesque pieces2 b t 9 an hi/orical subject1 :i* is gr& & important1 ! figures ought to be z great z ! life4 ,! resemblance ( ^! feel+s is 9 reality s /rong1 t elevation 9 a figurative s5se is obs]v$ to h ! same effect ev5 ext]nally1 t real elevation has3 ,k4 ,h5ry4 ,?is day is call'd ! fea/ ( ,crispian4 ,he t outlives ?is day1 & comes safe home1 ,w /& a tiptoe :5 ?is day is nam'd1 ,& r\se him at ! "n ( ,crispian4 ,h5ry ,v4 act #d4 sc4 #h4 ,! resemblance 9 feel+ betwixt real & figurative gr&eur1 is humor\sly illu/rat$ by ,addison 9 criticis+ ^u ! ,engli% trag$y4 8,! ord9>y me?od ( mak+ an h]o1 is to clap a huge plume ( fea!rs ^u 8 head1 :i* rises s high1 t !re is (t5 a great] l5g? f 8 *9 to ! top ( 8 head1 ?an to ! sole ( 8 foot4 ,"o w\ld believe1 t we ?\ght a great man & a tall man ! same ?+4 ,z ^! sup]flu\s ornam5ts ^u ! head make a great man1 a pr9cess g5]ally receives h] gr&eur f ^? additional incumbrances t fall into h] tail4 ,i mean ! broad sweep+ tra9 t foll[s h] 9 all h] motions1 & f9ds con/ant employm5t = a boy :o /&s beh9d h] to op5 & spread x to advantage#eh40 ,! ,scy?ians1 impress$ ) ! fame ( ,alex&]1 7 a/oni%$ :5 !y f\nd him a little man4 ,a gradual progress f small to great1 is n less rem>kable 9 figurative ?an 9 real gr&eur or elevation4 ,e "o mu/ h obs]v$ ! delightful effect ( a numb] ( ?\ghts or s5tim5ts1 artfully dispos$ l an asc5d+ s]ies1 & mak+ impressions /rong] & /rong]4 ,su* disposition ( memb]s 9 a p]iod1 is di/+ui%$ by a prop] "n1 be+ t]m$ a climax4 ,9 ord] to h a j conception ( gr&eur & sublimity1 x is necess>y to be obs]v$1 t )9 c]ta9 limits !y produce _! /ronge/ effects1 :i* less5 by excess z well z by defect4 ,?is is rem>kable 9 gr&eur & sublimity tak5 9 _! prop] s5se4 ,! /ronge/ emotion ( gr&eur is rais$ by an object t c be tak5 9 at "o view4 ,an object s imm5se z n to be compreh5d$ b 9 p>ts1 t5ds r to di/ract ?an satisfy ! m9d#ei4 ,9 l mann]1 ! /ronge/ emotion produc$ by elevation is :]e ! object is se5 di/9ctly4 ,a great] elevation less5s 9 appe>ance ! object1 till x vani% out ( sight ) its pleasant emotion4 ,! same is equally rem>kable 9 figurative gr&eur & elevation1 :i* %all be h&l$ toge!r1 because1 z obs]v$ above1 !y are sc>ce di/+ui%able4 ,s5tim5ts may be s /ra9$1 z to become obscure1 or to exce$ ! capacity ( ! human m9d4 ,aga9/ su* lic5ce ( imag9ation1 e good writ] w be ^u 8 gu>d4 ,& !re=e x is ( great] importance to obs]ve1 t ev5 ! true sublime may be c>ri$ beyond t pit* :i* produces ! highe/ ent]ta9m5t4 ,we are und\bt$ly susceptible ( a great] elevation ?an c be inspir$ by human actions ! mo/ h]oic & magnanim\s2 witness :at we feel f ,milton's description ( sup]ior be+s4 ,yet e man mu/ be s5sible ( a m con/ant & pleasant elevation1 :5 ! hi/ory ( 8 own species is ! subject4 ,he enjoys an elevation equal to t ( ! greate/ h]o1 ( an ,alex&] or a ,cs>1 ( a ,brutus or an ,epam9ondas4 ,he accompanies ^! h]oes 9 _! sublime/ s5tim5ts & mo/ haz>d\s exploits1 ) a magnanimity equal to !irs2 & f9ds x no /ret* to pres]ve ! same tone ( m9d = h\rs toge!r1 )\t s9k+4 ,! case is by no means ! same 9 describ+ ! actions or qualities ( sup]ior be+s4 ,! read]'s imag9ation _c keep pace ) t ( ! poet2 & ! m9d1 unable to support itself 9 a /ra9$ elevation1 falls z f a height2 & ! fall is immod]ate l ! elevation4 ,:]e ?is effect is n felt1 x mu/ be prev5t$ by "s obscurity 9 ! conception1 :i* frequ5tly att5ds ! description ( unkn[n objects4 ,on ! o!r h&1 objects ( sight t are n rem>kably great or high1 sc>ce raise any emotion ( gr&eur or sublimity2 & ! same holds 9 o!r objects4 ,! m9d is (t5 r\s$ & animat$ )\t be+ c>ri$ to ! height ( gr&eur or sublimity4 ,?is diff]5ce may be disc]n$ 9 _m sorts ( music1 z well z 9 "s musical in/rum5ts4 ,a kettl$rum r\ses1 & a hautboy is animat+2 b nei!r ( !m inspire an emotion ( sublimity4 ,rev5ge animates ! m9d 9 a consid]able degree2 b ,i ?9k x nev] produce? an emotion t c be t]m$ gr& or sublime2 & ,i %all h occasion aft]w>d to obs]ve1 t no disagreeable passion ev] has ?is effect4 ,i am will+ to put ?is to ! te/1 by plac+ be=e my read] ! mo/ spirit$ picture ( rev5ge ev] drawn4 ,x is a spee* ( ,antony wail+ ov] ! body ( ,cs>4 ,wo to ! h& t %$ ?is co/ly blood6 ,ov] ?y w\nds n[ d ,i prophesy1 7,:i*1 l dumb m\?s1 d ope _! ruby lips1 ,to beg ! voice & utt]ance ( my tongue71 ,a curse %all light ^u ! k9d ( m52 ,dome/ic fury1 & fi]ce civil /rife1 ,%all cumb] all ! p>ts ( ,italy2 ,blood & de/ruction %all be s 9 use1 ,& dreadful objects s famili>1 ,t mo!rs %all b smile1 :5 !y behold ,_! infants qu>t]'d by ! h&s ( w>1 ,all pity *oak'd ) cu/om ( fell de$s4 ,& ,cs>'s _s1 rang+ = rev5ge1 ,) ,at by 8 side come hot f hell1 ,%all 9 ^! conf9es1 ) a mon>*'s voice1 ,cry ,havock1 & let slip ! dogs ( w>4 ,julius ,cs>1 act #c4 sc4 #d4 ,:5 ! sublime is c>ri$ to its due height & circumscrib$ )9 prop] b\nds1 x in*ants ! m9d & raises ! mo/ delightful ( all emotions4 ,! read]1 +ross$ by a sublime object1 feels himself rais$ z x 7 to a high] rank4 ,:5 su* is ! case1 x is n wond]ful t ! hi/ory ( conqu]ors & h]oes %\ld be univ]sally ! fav\rite ent]ta9m5t4 ,& ?is fairly acc\nts = :at ,i once errone\sly suspect$ to be a wrong bias orig9ally 9 human nature4 ,! grosse/ acts ( oppression & inju/ice1 sc>ce blemi% ! "* ( a great conqu]or4 ,we not)/&+ w>mly esp\se 8 int]e/1 accompany him 9 8 exploits1 & are anxi\s = 8 success4 ,! spl5dor & en?usiasm ( ! h]o transfus$ into ! read]s1 elevate _! m9ds f> above ! rules ( ju/ice1 & r5d] !m 9 a great measure ins5sible ( ! wrong t is done3 ,= 9 ^? days might only %all be admir'd ,& val\r & h]oic virtue call'd2 ,to ov]come 9 battle1 & subdue ,nations1 & br+ home spoils ) inf9ite ,manslaught]1 %all be held ! highe/ pit* ,( human glory1 & = glory done ,( triumph1 to be /yl'd great conqu]ors1 ,patrons ( mank9d1 gods1 & sons ( gods4 ,de/roy]s rightli] call$1 & plagues ( m54 ,?us fame %all be at*iev'd1 r5[n on e>?1 ,& :at mo/ m]its fame 9 sil5ce hid4 ,milton1 b4 #aa4 ,! atta*m5t we h to ?+s gr& or l(ty may be ?\ght to proce$ f an unwe>i$ incl9ation we h to be exalt$4 ,no desire is m univ]sal ?an to be respect$ & hon\r$4 ,^u t acc\nt *iefly1 are we ambiti\s ( p[]1 ri*es1 titles1 fame1 :i* w\ld sudd5ly lose _! reli%1 did !y n raise u above o!rs1 & comm& submission & def]5ce#fj4 ,b ! pref]5ce giv5 to ?+s gr& & sublime mu/ h a deep] root 9 human nature4 ,_m be/[ _! "t ^u l[ & trifl+ amusem5ts1 )\t %[+ any desire to be exalt$4 ,yet ^! v p]sons talk ! same language ) ! re/ ( mank9d2 & at lea/ 9 _! judgem5t1 if n 9 _! ta/e1 pref] ! m elevat$ pleasures4 ,!y ackn[l$ge a m ref9$ ta/e1 & are a%am$ ( _! own z l[ & grovel+4 ,?is s5tim5t1 con/ant & univ]sal1 mu/ be ! "w ( nature2 & x pla9ly indicates an orig9al atta*m5t 9 human nature to e object t elevates ! m9d4 ,"s m5 may h a great] reli% = an object n ( ! highe/ rank3 b !y are consci\s ( ! common nature ( man1 & t x ought n to be subject$ to _! peculi> ta/e4 ,! irregul> influ5ce ( gr&eur1 rea*es also to o!r matt]s4 ,h[ev] good1 hone/1 or useful1 a man may be1 he is n s mu* respect$1 z "o ( a m elevat$ "* is1 ?\gh ( less integrity2 nor d ! mis=tunes ( ! =m] affect u s mu* z ^? ( ! latt]4 ,i add1 because x _c be disguis$1 t ! remorse :i* att5ds brea* ( engagem5t1 is 9 a great measure proportion$ to ! figure t ! injur$ p]son makes4 ,! v[s & prote/ations ( lov]s are an illu/ri\s example ( ?is obs]vation2 = ^! commonly are little reg>d$ :5 made to wom5 ( inf]ior rank4 ,:at ,i h said sugge/s a capital rule = rea*+ ! sublime 9 su* works ( art z are susceptible ( x2 & t is1 to put 9 view ^? p>ts or circum/ances only :i* make ! greate/ figure1 keep+ out ( sight e ?+ t is l[ or trivial4 ,su* judici\s selection ( capital circum/ances1 is by an em95t critic /yl$ gr&eur ( mann]#fa4 ,! m9d1 f an elevation inspir$ by important objects1 _c1 )\t reluctance1 be =c$ d[n to be/[ any %>e ( its att5tion ^u trifles4 ,9 none ( ! f9e arts is !re s great scope = ?is rule z 9 poetry1 :i*1 by t means1 enjoys a rem>kable p[] ( be/[+ ^u objects & ev5ts an air ( gr&eur4 ,:5 we are spectators1 e m9ute object pres5ts itself 9 its ord]4 ,b 9 describ+ at second h&1 ^! are laid aside1 & ! capital objects are br\ght close toge!r4 ,a judici\s ta/e 9 select+1 aft] ?is mann]1 ! mo/ int]e/+ incid5ts to give !m an unit$ =ce1 acc\nts = a fact :i* at fir/ sight may appe> surpris+1 t we are m mov$ by a poetical n>rative at second h&1 ?an :5 we are spectators ( ! ev5t itself 9 all its circum/anccs4 ,long9us exemplifies ! =ego+ rule by a comp>ison ( two passages#fb4 ,! fir/ f ,ari/u is ?us translat$4 ,ye p['rs1 :at madness6 h[ on %ips s frail 7,trem5d\s ?\ght67 c ?\ghtless mortals sail8 ,= /ormy seas !y quit ! pleas+ pla91 ,plant woods 9 waves & dwell amid/ ! ma94 ,f> o'er ! deep 7a trackless pa?7 !y g1 ,& w&] oceans 9 pursuit ( wo4 ,no ease _! he>ts1 no re/ _! eyes c f9d1 ,on heav5 _! looks1 & on ! waves _! m9d4 ,sunk are _! spirits1 :ile _! arms !y re>1 ,& gods are we>i$ ) _! fruitless pray]4 ,! o!r f ,hom] ,i %all give 9 ,pope's translation4 ,bur/s z a wave t f ! cl\d imp5ds1 ,& swell'd ) tempe/s on ! %ip desc5ds4 ,:ite are ! decks ) foam3 ! w9ds al\d ,h[l o'er ! ma/s1 & s+ ?r\gh e %r[d4 ,pale1 trembl+1 tir'd1 ! sailors freeze ) fe>s1 ,& in/ant dea? on e wave appe>s4 ,9 ! latt] passage1 ! mo/ /rik+ circum/ances are select$ to fill ! m9d ) ! gr& & t]rible4 ,! =m] is a collection ( m9ute & l[ circum/ances1 :i* scatt] ! ?\ght & make no impression4 ,! passage at ! same "t is full ( v]bal anti!ses & l[ conceit1 extremely improp] 9 a sc5e ( di/ress4 ,b ?is la/ obs]vation is made occasionally only1 z x belongs n to ! pres5t subject4 ,! foll[+ passage f ! tw5ty-fir/ book ( ! ,odyssey1 deviates widely f ! rule above laid d[n4 ,x conc]ns t "p ( ! hi/ory ( ,p5elope & h] suitors1 9 :i* %e is made to decl>e 9 fav\r ( him :o %\ld prove ! mo/ dext]\s 9 %oot+ ) ! b[ ( ,ulysses4 ,n[ g5tly w9d+ up ! fair asc5t1 ,by _m an easy /ep1 ! matron w5t3 ,!n o'er ! pavem5t glides ) grace div9e1 7,) poli%'d oak ! level pavem5ts %9e72 ,! fold+ gates a dazl+ light display'd1 ,) pomp ( v>i\s ar*itrave o'erlay'd4 ,! bolt1 ob$i5t to ! silk5 /r+1 ,=sakes ! /aple z %e pulls ! r+2 ,! w>ds respond5t to ! key turn r\nd2 ,! b>s fall back2 ! fly+ valves res\nd4 ,l\d z a bull makes hill & valley r+2 ,s ro>'d ! lock :5 x releas'd ! spr+4 ,%e moves maje/ic ?r\gh ! weal?y room ,:]e treasur'd g>m5ts ca/ a ri* p]fume2 ,!re f ! column :]e al(t x hung1 ,rea*'d1 9 its spl5did case1 ! b[ un/rung4 ,virgil sometimes errs aga9/ ?is rule4 ,9 ! foll[+ passages m9ute circum/ances are br\ght into full view2 & :at is /ill worse1 !y are describ$ 9 all ! sublimity ( poetical description4 neid1 ,l4 #a4 l4 #bad4 to #bai4 ,l4 #f4 l4 #agf4 to #ahb4 ,l4 #f4 l4 #bab4 to #bca4 ,& ! la/1 :i* is a description ( a fun]al1 is ! less excuseable1 z x relates to a man :o makes no figure 9 ! poem4 ,! spee* ( ,clytemne/ra1 desc5d+ f h] *>iot 9 ! ,iphig5ia ( ,euripides1 beg9n+ ( act #c4 is /uff$ ) a numb] ( l[1 common1 & trivial circum/ances4 ,b ( all writ]s ,lucan 9 ?is article is ! mo/ injudici\s4 ,! sea-fight betwixt ! ,romans & ,massilians#fc1 is describ$ s mu* 9 detail )\t exhibit+ any gr& or g5]al view1 t ! read] is q fatigu$ ) endless circum/ances1 & nev] feels any degree ( elevation4 ,& yet !re are "s f9e incid5ts1 ^? = example ( ! two bro!rs1 & ( ! old man & 8 son1 :i*1 sep>at$ f ! re/1 w\ld affect u greatly4 ,b ,lucan once engag$ 9 a description1 kn[s no b\nds4 ,see o!r passages ( ! same k9d1 ,l4 #d4 l4 #bib4 to #ccg4 ,l4 #d4 l4 #gej4 to #gfe4 ,! episode ( ! sorc]ess ,eric?o1 end ( book #f4 is intol]ably m9ute & prolix4 ,to ^! ,i v5ture to oppose a passage f an old hi/orical ballad3 ,g1 little page1 tell ,h>diknute ,t lives on hill s high#fd1 ,to draw 8 sword1 ! dread ( faes1 ,& ha/e to foll[ me4 ,! little page flew swift z d>t ,flung by 8 ma/]'s arm4 ,come d[n1 come d[n1 ,"l ,h>diknute1 ,& rid y\r k+ f h>m4 ,?is rule is also applicable to o!r f9e arts4 ,9 pa9t+ x is e/abli%$1 t ! pr9cipal figure mu/ be put 9 ! /ronge/ light2 t ! beauty ( attitude consi/s 9 plac+ ! nobl] p>ts mo/ 9 view1 & 9 suppress+ ! small] p>ts z mu* z possible2 t ! folds ( ! drap]y mu/ be few & l>ge2 t =e%ort5+s are bad1 because !y make ! p>ts appe> little2 & t ! muscles ought to be kept z entire z possible1 )\t be+ divid$ into small sections4 ,e "o at pres5t is s5sible ( ! importance ( ?is rule :5 appli$ to g>d5+1 9 opposition to ! antiquat$ ta/e ( p>t]res split into a ?\s& small p>ts 9 ! /ricte/ regul>ity ( figure4 ,^? :o h succe$$ be/ 9 ar*itecture1 h gov]n$ !mselves by ?is rule 9 all _! models4 ,ano!r rule *iefly reg>ds ! sublime1 ?\gh x may be appli$ to e lit]>y p]=mance int5d$ = amusem5t2 & t is1 to avoid z mu* z possible ab/ract & g5]al t]ms4 ,su* t]ms1 p]fectly well fitt$ = reason+ & = convey+ in/ruction1 s]ve b imp]fectly ! ends ( poetry4 ,!y /& ^u ! same foot+ ) ma!matical signs1 contriv$ to express our ?\ghts 9 a concise mann]4 ,b images1 :i* are ! life ( poetry1 _c be rais$ 9 any p]fection1 o!rwise ?an by introduc+ p>ticul> objects4 ,g5]al t]ms1 t compreh5d a numb] ( individuals1 mu/ be except$ f ?is rule4 ,our k9dr$1 our clan1 our c\ntry1 & words ( ! l import1 ?\gh !y sc>ce raise any image1 h not)/&+ a wond]ful p[] ov] our passions4 ,! greatness ( ! complex object ov]-balances ! obscurity ( ! image4 ,:at ,i h fur!r to say ^u ?is subject1 %all be compreh5d$ 9 a few obs]vations4 ,a man is capable ( be+ rais$ s mu* above 8 ord9>y pit* by an emotion ( gr&eur1 t x is extremely difficult by a s+le ?\ght or expression to produce t emotion 9 p]fection4 ,! rise mu/ be gradual & ! result ( reit]at$ impressions4 ,! effect ( a s+le expression c be b mom5t>y2 & if "o feel sudd5ly some:at l a swell+ or exaltation ( m9d1 ! emotion vani%e? z soon z felt4 ,s+le expressions1 ,i "k1 are (t5 ju/ly cit$ z examples ( ! sublime4 ,b !n _! effect is no?+ comp>$ ) a gr& subject display$ 9 its capital p>ts4 ,i %all give a few examples1 t ! read] may judge = himself4 ,9 ! fam\s action ( ,!rmopyl1 :]e ,leonidas ! ,sp>tan ,k+ ) 8 *os5 b& fight+ = _! c\ntry1 7 cut (f to ! la/ man1 a say+ is report$ ( ,di5eces "o ( ! b&1 :i*1 express+ *e>ful & undi/urb$ brav]y1 is well intitl$ to ! fir/ place 9 examples ( ?is k9d4 ,talk+ ( ! numb] ( _! enemies1 x 0 obs]v$1 t ! arr[s %ot by su* a multitude w\ld int]cept ! light ( ! sun4 ,s mu* ! bett]1 says he2 = we %all !n fight 9 ! %ade#fe4 ,som]set4 ,ah6 ,w>wick1 ,w>wick1 w]t ?\ z we are1 ,we might recov] all our loss aga94 ,! ,que5 f ,france ha? br\ght a puissant p[]1 ,ev'n n[ we he>d ! news4 ,ah6 c\ld/ ?\ fly6 ,w>wick4 ,:y1 !n ,i w\ld n fly4 ,?ird "p1 ,h5ry ,,vi4 act #e4 sc4 #c4 ,su* a s5tim5t f a man expir+ ( 8 w\nds1 is truly h]oic1 & mu/ elevate ! m9d to ! greate/ height t c be done by a s+le expression4 ,x w n suff] 9 a comp>ison ) ! fam\s s5tim5t ,qu'il m\rut 9 ,corneille's ,horace4 ,! latt] is a s5tim5t ( indignation m]ely1 ! =m] ( inv9cible =titude4 ,9 opposition to ^! examples1 to cite _m a sublime passage1 enri*$ ) ! f9e/ images1 & dress$ 9 ! mo/ n]v\s expressions1 w\ld sc>ce be fair4 ,i %all produce b "o in/ance f ,%akespe>1 :i* sets a few objects be=e ! eye1 )\t mu* pomp ( language4 ,x works its effect1 by repres5t+ ^! objects 9 a climax1 rais+ ! m9d high] & high] till x feel ! emotion ( gr&eur 9 p]fection4 ,! cl\d-capt t['rs1 ! gorge\s palaces1 ,! solemn temples1 ! great globe itself1 ,yea all :i* x inh]it1 %all dissolve1 c4 ,! cl\d-capt t['rs produce an elevat+ emotion1 height5$ by ! gorge\s palaces4 ,& ! m9d is c>ri$ /ill high] & high] by ! images t foll[4 ,successive images1 mak+ ?us /rong] & /rong] impressions1 mu/ elevate m ?an any s+le image c d4 ,i proce$ to ano!r obs]vation4 ,9 ! *apt] ( beauty x is rem>k$1 t regul>ity is requir$ 9 small figures1 & ord] 9 small gr\ps2 b t 9 advanc+ gradually f small to great1 regul>ity & ord] are less & less requir$4 ,?is rem>k s]ves to expla9 ! extreme delight we h 9 view+ ! face ( nature1 :5 suffici5tly enri*$ & div]sifi$ by objects4 ,! bulk ( ! objects se5 9 a natural l&scape are beautiful1 & "s ( !m gr&4 ,a fl[+ riv]1 a spread+ oak1 a r\nd hill1 an ext5d$ pla91 are delightful2 & ev5 a rugg$ rock or b>r5 hea?1 ?\gh 9 !mselves disagreeable1 contribute by contra/ to ! beauty ( ! :ole4 ,jo9+ to ^!1 ! v]dure ( ! fields1 ! mixture ( light & %ade1 & ! sublime canopy spread ov] all2 x w n appe> wond]ful1 t s ext5sive a gr\p ( glori\s objects %\ld swell ! he>t to its utmo/ b\nds1 & raise ! /ronge/ emotion ( gr&eur4 ,! spectator is consci\s ( an en?usiasm1 :i* _c be> conf9em5t nor ! /rictness ( regul>ity & ord]4 ,he loves to range at l>ge2 & is s in*ant$ ) %9+ objects1 z to neglect slight beauties or defects4 ,?us x is1 t ! delightful emotion ( gr&eur1 dep5ds little on ord] & regul>ity4 ,& :5 ! emotion is at its height by a survey ( ! greate/ objects1 ord] & regul>ity are almo/ totally disreg>d$4 ,! same obs]vation is applicable 9 "s measure to works ( art4 ,9 a small build+ ! slighte/ irregul>ity is disagreeable4 ,9 a magnific5t palace or a l>ge ,go?ic *ur*1 irregul>ities are less reg>d$4 ,9 an epic poem we p>don _m neglig5ces1 :i* w\ld be intol]able 9 a sonnet or epigram4 ,not)/&+ su* exceptions1 x may be ju/ly laid d[n = a rule1 ,t 9 all works ( art1 ord] & regul>ity ought to be gov]n+ pr9ciples4 ,& h5ce ! obs]vation ( ,long9us#ff1 8,9 works ( art we h reg>d to exact proportion2 9 ^? ( nature1 to gr&eur & magnific5ce40 ,i %all add b "o o!r obs]vation1 ,t no means c be m successfully employ$ to s9k & depress ! m9d ?an gr&eur or sublimity4 ,by ! artful introduction ( an humbl+ object1 ! fall is great 9 proportion to ! =m] elevation4 ,( ?is doctr9e ,%akespe> af=ds u a beautiful illu/ration1 9 a passage "p ( :i* is cit$ above = ano!r purpose3 ,! cl\d-capt t['rs1 ! gorge\s palaces1 ,! solemn temples1 ! great globe itself1 ,yea all :i* x inh]it1 %all dissolve1 ,& l ! baseless fabric ( a vision ,leave n a rack beh9d---- ,tempe/1 act #d4 sc4 #d4 ,! elevation ( ! m9d 9 ! =m] "p ( ?is beautiful passage1 makes ! fall great 9 proportion :5 ! mo/ humbl+ ( all images is introduc$1 t ( an utt] dissolution ( ! e>? & its inhabitants4 ,a s5tim5t makes n ! same impression 9 a cool /ate1 t x does :5 ! m9d is w>m$2 & a depress+ or melan*oly s5tim5t makes ! /ronge/ impression1 :5 x br+s d[n ! m9d f its highe/ /ate ( elevation or *e>fulness4 ,?is indirect effect ( elevation to s9k ! m9d1 is sometimes produc$ )\t ! int]v5tion ( any humbl+ image4 ,!re 0 occasion above to rem>k1 t 9 describ+ sup]ior be+s1 ! read]'s imag9ation1 unable to support itself 9 a /ra9$ elevation1 falls (t5 z f a height1 & s9ks ev5 bel[ its ord9>y tone4 ,! foll[+ in/ance comes luckily 9 view2 = a bett] illu/ration _c be giv53 8,god said1 ,let !re be light1 & !re 0 light40 ,long9us cites ?is passage f ,moses z a %9+ example ( ! sublime2 & x is sc>ce possible 9 few] words1 to convey s cle> an image ( ! inf9ite p[] ( ! ,deity4 ,b !n x belongs to ! pres5t subject to rem>k1 t ! emotion ( sublimity rais$ by ?is image is b mom5t>y2 & t ! m9d1 unable to support itself 9 an elevation s mu* above nature1 imm$iately s9ks d[n into humility & v5]ation = a be+ s f> exalt$ above u grovel+ mortals4 ,e "o is acqua9t$ ) a dispute ab\t ?is passage betwixt two ,fr5* critics#fg1 ! "o positively affirm+1 ! o!r z positively d5y+1 x to be sublime4 ,:at ,i h op5$1 %[s t bo? ( !m h rea*$ ! tru?1 b nei!r ( !m ! :ole tru?4 ,e "o ( ta/e mu/ be s5sible1 t ! prim>y effect ( ?is passage is an emotion ( gr&eur4 ,?is s f> ju/ifies ,boileau4 ,b !n e "o ( ta/e mu/ be equally s5sible1 t ! emotion is m]ely a fla%1 :i* vani%e? in/antly1 & gives way to ! deepe/ humility & v5]ation4 ,?is indirect effect ( sublimity1 ju/ifies ,huet on ! o!r h&1 :o be+ a man ( true piety1 & p]haps ( inf]ior imag9ation1 felt ! humbl+ passions m s5sibly ?an 8 antagoni/4 ,& ev5 lay+ aside any peculi>ity ( "*1 ,huet's op9ion may ,i ?9k be def5d$ z ! m solid2 ^u ! foll[+ acc\nt1 t 9 su* images1 ! depress+ emotions are ! m s5sibly felt1 & h ! long] endurance4 ,! /ra9+ an elevat$ subject beyond due b\nds & beyond ! rea* ( an ord9>y conception1 is n a vice s frequ5t z to require ! correction ( criticism4 ,b false sublime is a rock :i* writ]s ( m fire ?an judgem5t g5]ally split on4 ,& !re=e a collection ( examples may be ( use z a beacon to future adv5tur]s4 ,"o species ( false sublime1 kn[n by ! "n ( bon ba/1 is common among writ]s ( a mean g5ius4 ,x is a s]i\s endeav\r1 by /ra9$ description1 to raise a l[ or famili> subject above its rank2 :i* in/ead ( be+ sublime1 nev] fails to be ridicul\s4 ,i am extremely s5sible h[ prone ! m9d is1 9 "s animat+ passions1 to magnify its objects beyond natural b\nds4 ,b su* hyp]bolical description has its limits4 ,if c>ri$ beyond ! impulse ( ! prop5sity1 ! col\r+ no long] pleases3 x deg5]ates into ! burlesque4 ,take ! foll[+ examples4 ,sejanus4---- ,great & high ,! _w kn[s only two1 t's ,rome & ,i4 ,my ro( receives me n2 'tis air ,i tread1 ,& at ea* /ep ,i feel my advanc'd head ,knock out a /> 9 heav'n4 ,sejanus1 ,b5 ,johnson1 act #e4 ,a writ] :o has no natural elevation ( g5ius1 is extremely apt to deviate into bomba/4 ,he /ra9s above 8 g5ius2 & ! viol5t ef=t he makes c>ries him g5]ally beyond ! b\nds ( propriety4 ,boileau expresses ?is happily3 ,l'autre peur de ramp]1 il se p]d dans la nue#fh4 ,! same au?or ,b5 ,johnson ab\nds 9 ! bomba/3 ---- ,! "m1 ,?'expuls$ ,apicata1 f9ds !m !re2 ,:om :5 %e saw lie spread on ! degrees1 ,aft] a _w ( fury on h]self1 ,te>+ h] hair1 defac+ ( h] face1 ,beat+ h] brea/s & womb1 kneel+ amaz'd4 ,cry+ to heav'n1 !n to !m2 at la/ ,h] dr[n$ voice got up above h] woes3 ,& ) su* black & bitt] execrations1 7,z might affright ! gods1 & =ce ! sun ,run backw>d to ! ea/2 nay1 make ! old ,de=m$ ,*aos rise aga9 t' o'er:elm ,!m1 u1 & all ! _w7 %e fills ! air1 ,upbraids ! heav5s ) _! p>tial dooms1 ,defies _! tyrann\s p[]s1 & dem&s ,:at %e & ^? poor innoc5ts h transgress'd1 ,t !y mu/ suff] su* a %>e 9 v5geance4 ,sejanus1 act #e4 sc4 la/4 ---- ,l5tulus1 ! man1 ,if all our fire 7 out1 w\ld fet* d[n new1 ,out ( ! h& ( ,jove2 & rivet him ,to ,caucasus1 %\ld he b fr[n2 & let ,8 own gaunt eagle fly at him to tire4 ,catil9e1 act #c4 ,c ^!1 or su*1 be any aids to u8 ,look !y z !y 7 built to %ake ! _w1 ,or be a mom5t to our ent]prise8 ,a ?\s&1 su* z !y are1 c\ld n make ,"o atom ( our s\ls4 ,!y %\ld be m5 ,wor? heav5's fe>1 t look+ up1 b ?us1 ,w\ld make ,jove /& ^u 8 gu>d1 & draw ,himself )9 8 ?und]2 :i*1 amaz'd1 ,he %\ld dis*>ge 9 va91 & !y unhurt4 ,or1 if !y 71 l ,capaneus at ,!bes1 ,!y %\ld hang dead ^u ! highe/ spires1 ,& ask ! second bolt to be ?r[n d[n4 ,:y ,l5tulus talk y s long8 ,?is "t ,_h be5 en\gh t' h scatt]'d all ! />s1 ,t' h qu5*'d ! sun & moon1 & made ! _w ,despair ( day1 or any light b ours4 ,catil9e1 act #d4 ,?is is ! language ( a madman3 ,guil=d4 ,give way1 & let ! gu%+ torr5t come1 ,behold ! te>s we br+ to swell ! deluge1 ,till ! flood rise ^u ! guilty _w ,& make ! ru9 common4 ,lady ,jane ,gray1 act #d4 ne> ! end4 ,ano!r species ( false sublime1 is /ill m faulty ?an bomba/2 & t is1 to =ce an elevation by introduc+ imag9>y be+s )\t pres]v+ any propriety 9 _! actions2 z if x 7 lawful to ascribe e extravagance & inconsi/5ce to be+s ( ! poet's creation4 ,no writ]s are m lic5ti\s 9 ?is article ?an ,johnson & ,dryd54 ,me?9ks ,i see ,dea? & ! furies wait+ ,:at we w d1 & all ! heav5 at leisure ,= ! great spectacle4 ,draw !n y\r swords3 ,& if our de/9y envy our virtue ,! hon\r ( ! day1 yet let u c>e ,to sell ourselves at su* a price1 z may ,undo ! _w to buy u1 & make ,fate1 ,:ile %e tempts ours1 to fe> h] own e/ate4 ,catil9e1 act #e4 ---- ,! furies /ood on hills ,circl+ ! place1 & trembl$ to see m5 ,d m ?an !y3 :il/ ,piety left ! field1 ,griev'd = t side1 t 9 s bad a cause ,!y knew n :at a crime _! val\r 04 ,! ,sun /ood /ill1 & 01 beh9d ! cl\d ,! battle made1 se5 sweat+ to drive up ,8 fright$ horse1 :om /ill ! noise drove backw>d4 ,ibid4 act4 #e4 ,osmyn4 ,:ile we indulge our common happ9ess1 ,he is =got by :om we all possess1 ,! brave ,almanzor1 to ^: arms we owe ,all t we did1 & all t we %all d2 ,:o l a tempe/ t outrides ! w9d1 ,made a j battle ere ! bodies jo9'd4 ,abdalla4 ,8 victories we sc>ce c\ld keep 9 view1 ,or poli% 'em s fa/ z he r\gh drew4 ,abdemele*4 ,fate aft] him bel[ ) pa9 did move1 ,& ,victory c\ld sc>ce keep pace above4 ,dea? did at l5g? s _m sla9 =get1 ,& lo/ ! tale1 & took 'em by ! great4 ,conque/ ( ,granada1 act4 #b4 at beg9n+4 ,! gods ( ,rome fight = ye2 l\d ,fame calls ye1 ,pit*'d on ! topless ,ap59e1 & bl[s ,to all ! "u _w1 all nations1 ,! seas & unfrequ5t$ des]ts1 :]e ! sn[ dwells1 ,wak5s ! ru9'd monum5ts1 & !re ,:]e no?+ b et]nal dea? & sleep is1 ,in=ms aga9 ! dead bones4 ,beaumont & ,flet*]1 ,bonduca1 act4 #c4 sc4 #c4 ,i close ) ! foll[+ obs]vation1 ,t an actor ^u ! /age may be guilty ( bomba/ z well z an au?or 9 8 closet4 ,a c]ta9 mann] ( act+1 :i* is gr& :5 support$ by dignity 9 ! s5tim5t & =ce 9 ! expression1 is ridicul\s :]e ! s5tim5t is mean1 & ! expression flat4 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,motion & ,=ce4 ,t motion is agreeable to ! eye )\t relation to purpose or design1 may appe> f ! amusem5t x gives to infants4 ,juv5ile ex]cises are reli%$ *iefly ^u t acc\nt4 ,if to see a body 9 motion be agreeable1 "o w be apt to conclude1 t to see x at re/ is disagreeable4 ,b we le>n f exp]i5ce1 t ?is w\ld be a ra% conclusion4 ,re/ is "o ( ^? circum/ances t are nei!r agreeable nor disagreeable4 ,x is view$ ) p]fect indiff]5cy4 ,& happy x is = mank9d t ! matt] is s ord]$4 ,if re/ 7 agreeable1 x w\ld dis9cl9e u to motion1 by :i* all ?+s are p]=m$4 ,if x 7 disagreeable1 x w\ld be a s\rce ( p]petual uneas9ess2 = ! bulk ( ! ?+s we see appe> to be at re/4 ,a simil> in/ance ( design+ wisdom ,i h _h occasion to expla91 9 oppos+ gr&eur to littl5ess1 & elevation to l[ness ( place#fi4 ,ev5 9 ! simple/ matt]s1 ! f+] ( ,god is conspicu\s4 ,! happy adju/m5t ( ! int]nal nature ( man to 8 ext]nal circum/ances1 display$ 9 ! in/ances "h giv51 is inde$ admirable4 ,motion is c]ta9ly agreeable 9 all its v>ieties ( quickness & sl[ness4 ,b motion long cont9u$ admits "s exceptions4 ,t degree ( cont9u$ motion :i* corresponds to ! natural c\rse ( our p]ceptions1 is ! mo/ agreeable#gj4 ,! quicke/ motion is = an in/ant delightful4 ,b x soon appe>s to be too rapid4 ,x becomes pa9ful1 by =cibly accel]at+ ! c\rse ( our p]ceptions4 ,sl[ cont9u$ motion becomes disagreeable = an opposite reason1 t x ret>ds ! natural c\rse ( our p]ceptions4 ,!re are o!r v>ieties 9 motion1 beside quickness & sl[ness1 t make x m or less agreeable4 ,regul> motion is pref]r$ be=e :at is irregul>1 witness ! motion ( ! planets 9 orbits ne>ly circul>4 ,! motion ( ! comets 9 orbits less regul>1 is less agreeable4 ,motion uni=mly accel]at$1 resembl+ an asc5d+ s]ies ( numb]s1 is m agreeable ?an :5 uni=mly ret>d$4 ,motion upw>d is agreeable by ! elevation ( ! mov+ body4 ,:at !n %all we say ( d[nw>d motion regul>ly accel]at$ by ! =ce ( gravity1 comp>$ ) upw>d motion regul>ly ret>d$ by ! same =ce8 ,:i* ( ^! is ! mo/ agreeable8 ,?is "q is n easily solv$4 ,motion 9 a /raight l9e is no d\bt agreeable4 ,b we pref] undulat+ motion1 z ( waves1 ( a flame1 ( a %ip "u sail4 ,su* motion is m free1 & also m natural4 ,h5ce ! beauty ( a s]p5t9e riv]4 ,! easy & slid+ motion ( fluids1 f ! lubricity & incoh]5ce ( _! p>ts1 is agreeable ^u t acc\nt4 ,b ! agreeabl5ess *iefly dep5ds ^u ! foll[+ circum/ance1 t ! motion is p]ceiv$1 n z ( "o body1 b z ( an endless numb] mov+ toge!r ) ord] & regul>ity4 ,poets /ruck ) ?is beauty1 draw m images f fluids ?an f solids4 ,=ce is ( two k9ds2 "o quiesc5t1 & "o ex]t$ by motion4 ,! =m]1 dead weight = example1 mu/ be laid aside2 = a body at re/ is n by t circum/ance ei!r agreeable or disagreeable4 ,mov+ =ce only belongs to ! pres5t subject2 & ?\gh x is n sep>able f motion1 yet by ! p[] ( ab/raction1 ei!r ( !m may be consid]$ indep5d5t ( ! o!r4 ,bo? ( !m are agreeable1 because bo? ( !m include activity4 ,x is agreeable to see a ?+ move3 to see x mov$1 z :5 x is dragg$ or pu%$ along1 is nei!r agreeable nor disagreeable1 m ?an :5 at re/4 ,x is agreeable to see a ?+ ex]t =ce2 b x makes n ! ?+ ei!r agreeable or disagreeable1 to see =ce ex]t$ ^u x4 ,?\gh motion & =ce are ea* ( !m agreeable1 ! impressions !y make are diff]5t4 ,?is diff]5ce1 cle>ly felt1 is n easily describ$4 ,all we c say is1 t ! emotion rais$ by a mov+ body1 resembles its cause3 x feels z if ! m9d 7 c>ri$ along4 ,! emotion rais$ by =ce ex]t$1 resembles also its cause3 x feels z if =ce 7 ex]t$ )9 ! m9d4 ,to illu/rate ?is diff]5ce1 ,i give ! foll[+ examples4 ,x has be5 expla9$ :y smoke asc5d+ 9 a calm day1 suppose f a cottage 9 a wood1 is an agreeable object#ga4 ,l&scape-pa9t]s are fond ( ?is object1 & introduce x ^u all occasions4 ,z ! asc5t is natural & )\t ef=t1 x is delightful 9 a calm /ate ( m9d4 ,x makes an impression ( ! same sort ) t ( a g5tly-fl[+ riv]1 b m agreeable1 because asc5t is m to our ta/e ?an desc5t4 ,a fire-"w or a jet d'eau r\ses ! m9d m2 because ! beauty ( =ce visibly ex]t$1 is sup]add$ to t ( upw>d motion4 ,to a man recl9+ indol5tly ^u a bank ( fl[]s1 asc5d+ smoke 9 a /ill morn+ is delightful4 ,b a fire-"w or a jet d'eau r\ses him f ?is sup9e po/ure1 & puts him 9 motion4 ,a jet d'eau makes an impression di/+ui%able f t ( a wat]-fall4 ,d[nw>d motion be+ natural & )\t ef=t1 t5ds r to quiet ! m9d ?an to r\se x4 ,upw>d motion1 on ! contr>y1 ov]com+ ! resi/ance ( gravity1 makes an impression ( a great ef=t1 & !reby r\ses & enliv5s ! m9d4 ,! public games ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 :i* gave s mu* ent]ta9m5t to ! spectators1 consi/$ *iefly 9 ex]t+ =ce1 wre/l+1 leap+1 ?r[+ great /ones1 & su* l trials ( /r5g?4 ,:5 great =ce is ex]t$1 ! ef=t felt )9 ! m9d produces great life & vivacity4 ,! ef=t may be su*1 z 9 "s measure to ov]p[] ! m9d4 ,?us ! explosion ( gun-p[d]1 ! viol5ce ( a torr5t1 ! weight ( a m\nta91 & ! cru% ( an e>?quake1 create a/oni%m5t r ?an pleasure4 ,no quality nor circum/ance contributes m to gr&eur ?an =ce1 especially z ex]t$ by s5sible be+s4 ,i _c make ?is m evid5t ?an by ! foll[+ citations4 ---- ,him ! almighty p[] ,hurl'd headlong flam+ f ?' e!real sky1 ,) hide\s ru9 & combu/ion1 d[n ,to bottomless p]dition1 !re to dwell ,9 adamant9e *a9s & p5al fire1 ,:o dur/ defy ?' ,omnipot5t to arms4 ,p>adise ,lo/1 book #a4 ---- ,n[ /orm+ fury rose1 ,& clam\r su* z he>d 9 heav5 till n[ ,0 nev]2 arms on arm\r cla%+ bray'd ,horrible discord1 & ! madd+ :eels ,( braz5 *>iots rag'd2 dire 0 ! noise ,( conflict2 ov] head ! dismal hiss ,( fi]y d>ts 9 flam+ vollies flew1 ,& fly+ vault$ ei!r ho/ ) fire4 ,s "u fi]y cope toge!r ru%'d ,bo? battles ma91 ) ru9\s assault ,& inext+ui%able rage3 all heav'n ,res\nd$2 & _h e>? be5 !n1 all e>? ,_h to h] c5tre %ook4 ,ibid1 book #f4 ,!y end$ p>le1 & bo? address'd = fight ,unspeakable2 = :o1 ?\gh ) ! tongue ,( angels1 c relate1 or to :at ?+s ,lik5 on e>? conspicu\s1 t may lift ,human imag9ation to su* height ,( godlike p['r8 = like/ gods !y seem'd1 ,/ood !y or mov'd1 9 /ature1 motion1 arms1 ,fit to decide ! empire ( great ,heav'n4 ,n[ wav'd _! fi]y swords1 & 9 ! air ,made horrid circles3 two broad suns _! %ields ,blaz'd opposite1 :ile ,expectation /ood ,9 horror3 f ea* h& ) spe$ retir'd1 ,:]e er/ 0 ?icke/ fight1 ?' angelic ?rong1 ,& left l>ge field1 unsafe )9 ! w9d ,( su* commotion2 su* z1 to set =? ,great ?+s by small1 if ,nature's concord broke1 ,among ! con/ellations w> 7 sprung1 ,two planets1 ru%+ f aspct malign ,( fi]ce/ opposition1 9 mid sky1 ,%\ld combat1 & _! j>r+ sph]es conf\nd4 ,ibid1 book #f4 ,we %all n[ consid] ! effect ( motion & =ce 9 conjunction4 ,9 contemplat+ ! planet>y sy/em1 :at /rikes u ! mo/1 is ! sph]ical figures ( ! planets & _! regul> motions4 ,! conception we h ( _! activity & enorm\s bulk is m obscure4 ,! beauty accord+ly ( ?is sy/em1 raises a m lively emotion ?an its gr&eur4 ,b if we c\ld imag9e ourselves spectators compreh5d+ ! :ole sy/em at "o view1 ! activity & irresi/ible =ce ( ^! imm5se bodies w\ld fill u ) amazem5t4 ,nature _c furni% ano!r sc5e s gr&4 ,motion & =ce1 agreeable 9 !mselves1 are also agreeable by _! utility :5 employ$ z means to accompli% "s b5eficial end4 ,h5ce ! sup]ior beauty ( "s ma*9es1 :]e =ce & motion concur to p]=m ! "w ( numb]less h&s4 ,h5ce ! beautiful motions1 firm & regul>1 ( a horse tra9$ = w>4 ,e s+le /ep is ! fitte/ t c be = obta9+ ! end propos$4 ,b ! grace ( motion is visible *iefly 9 man1 n only = ! reasons m5tion$1 b also because e ge/ure is significant4 ,! p[] h[ev] ( agreeable motion is n a common tal5t4 ,e limb ( ! human body has a good & a bad1 an agreeable & disagreeable action4 ,"s motions are extremely graceful1 o!rs are pla9 & vulg>3 "s express dignity1 o!rs meanness4 ,b ! pleasure "h1 aris+ n s+ly f ! beauty ( motion1 b f indicat+ "* & s5tim5t1 belongs to a diff]5t *apt]#gb4 ,i %\ld conclude ) ! f9al cause ( ! reli% we h = motion & =ce1 7 x n s evid5t z to require no explanation4 ,we are plac$ "h 9 su* circum/ances z to make indu/ry ess5tial to our well-be+2 = )\t indu/ry ! pla9e/ necess>ies ( life are n to be obta9$4 ,:5 our situation !re=e 9 ?is _w requires activity & a con/ant ex]tion ( motion & =ce1 ,provid5ce indulg5tly provides = our welf>e 9 mak+ ^! agreeable to u4 ,x w\ld be a blund] 9 our nature1 to make ?+s disagreeable t we dep5d on = exi/5ce2 & ev5 to make !m indiff]5t1 w\ld t5d to make u relax greatly f t degree ( activity :i* is indisp5sable4 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,novelty1 & ! unexpect$ appe>ance ( objects4 ,( all ! p>ticul>s t contribute to raise emotions1 n except+ beauty1 or ev5 greatness1 novelty ha? ! mo/ p[]ful influ5ce4 ,a new spectacle attracts multitudes4 ,x produce? in/antane\sly an emotion :i* totally occupies ! m9d1 & = a "t excludes all o!r objects4 ,! s\l seems to meet ! /range appe>ance ) a c]ta9 elongation ( itself2 & all is hu%$ 9 close contemplation4 ,9 "s in/ances1 !re is p]ceiv$ a degree ( agony1 att5d$ ) ext]nal symptoms extremely expressive4 ,conv]sation among ! vulg> nev] is m int]e/+1 ?an :5 x runs ^u /range objects & extraord9>y ev5ts4 ,m5 te> !mselves f _! native c\ntry 9 se>* ( ?+s r>e & new2 & curiosity conv]ts into a pleasure1 ! fatigues1 & ev5 p]ils ( travell+4 ,to :at cause %all we ascribe ^! s+ul> appe>ances8 ,! pla9 acc\nt ( ! matt] foll[s4 ,curiosity is implant$ 9 human nature1 = a purpose extremely b5eficial1 t ( acquir+ k4 ,new & /range objects1 above all o!rs1 excite our curiosity2 & its gratification is ! emotion above describ$1 kn[n by ! "n ( wond]4 ,?is emotion is di/+ui%$ f admiration4 ,novelty :]e-ev] f\nd1 :e!r 9 a quality or action1 is ! cause ( wond]3 admiration is direct$ ^u ! op]ator :o p]=ms any ?+ wond]ful4 ,dur+ infancy1 e new object is probably ! occasion ( wond]1 9 "s degree2 because1 dur+ infancy1 e object at fir/ is /range z well z new4 ,b z objects are r5d]$ famili> by cu/om1 we cease by degrees to wond] at new appe>ances t h any resemblance to :at we are acqua9t$ )4 ,a ?+ mu/ be s+ul> z well z new1 to excite our curiosity & to raise our wond]4 ,to save multiply+ words1 ,i w\ld be und]/ood to compreh5d bo? circum/ances :5 ,i h]eaft] talk ( novelty4 ,9 an ord9>y tra9 ( p]ceptions :]e "o ?+ introduces ano!r1 n a s+le object makes its appe>ance unexpect$ly#gc4 ,! m9d ?us prep>$ = ! reception ( its objects1 admits !m "o aft] ano!r )\t p]turbation4 ,b :5 a ?+ breaks 9 unexpect$ly & )\t ! prep>ation ( any connection1 x raises a s+ul> emotion kn[n by ! "n ( surprise4 ,?is emotion may be produc$ by ! mo/ famili> object1 z :5 "o accid5tally meets a fri5d :o 0 report$ to be dead2 or a man 9 high life1 lately a begg>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a new object1 h[ev] /range1 w n produce ?is emotion if ! spectator be prep>$ = ! fight4 ,an elephant 9 ,india w n surprise a travell] :o goes to see "o2 & yet its novelty w raise 8 wond]4 ,an ,indian 9 ,brita9 w\ld be mu* surpris$ to /umble ^u an elephant fe$+ at l>ge 9 ! op5 fields2 b ! creature itself1 to :i* he 0 accu/om$1 w\ld n raise 8 wond]4 ,surprise ?us 9 sev]al respects diff]s f wond]4 ,unexp$t$ness is ! cause ( ! =m] emotion3 novelty is ! cause ( ! latt]4 ,nor diff] !y less 9 _! nature & circum/ances1 z w be expla9$ by & by4 ,) relation to "o circum/ance !y p]fectly agree1 :i* is ! %ortness ( _! duration4 ,! in/antane\s production ( ^! emotions 9 p]fection1 may contribute to ?is effect1 9 con=mity to a g5]al law1 ,t ?+s soon decay :i* soon come to p]fection4 ,! viol5ce ( ! emotions may also contribute2 = an ard5t emotion1 :i* is n susceptible ( increase1 _c h a long c\rse4 ,b _! %ort duration is occasion$ *iefly by t ( _! causes4 ,we are soon reconcil$ to an object1 h[ev] unexpect$2 & novelty soon deg5]ates into famili>ity4 ,:e!r ^! emotions be pleasant or pa9ful1 is n a cle> po9t4 ,x may appe> /range1 t our own feel+s & _! capital qualities %\ld af=d any matt] = a d\bt4 ,b :5 we are +ross$ by any emotion1 !re is no place = speculation2 & :5 suffici5tly calm = speculation1 x is n easy to recal ! emotion ) suffici5t accuracy4 ,new objects are sometimes t]rible1 sometimes delightful4 ,! t]ror :i* a tyg] inspires is greate/ at fir/1 & we>s (f gradually by famili>ity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ev5 wom5 w ackn[l$ge1 t x is novelty :i* pleases ! mo/ 9 a new fa%ion4 ,at ?is rate1 x %\ld be ?\ght1 t wond] is n 9 itself pleasant or pa9ful1 b t x assumes ei!r quality accord+ to circum/ances4 ,?is doctr9e1 h[ev] plausible1 mu/ n pass )\t exam9ation4 ,& :5 we reflect ^u ! pr9ciple ( curiosity & its op]ations1 a glimpse ( light gives "s fa9t view ( a diff]5t !ory4 ,our curiosity is nev] m ?or\ghly gratifi$1 ?an by new & s+ul> objects4 ,t v gratification is ! emotion ( wond]1 :i* !re=e1 accord+ to ! analogy ( nature1 ought always to be pleasant#gd4 ,& inde$ x w\ld be a great defect 9 human nature1 7 ! gratification ( s useful a pr9ciple unpleasant4 ,b ^u a m /rict scrut9y1 we %all n h occasion to m>k curiosity z an exception f ! g5]al rule4 ,a new object1 x is true1 t ha? a ?reat5+ appe>ance1 adds to our t]ror by its novelty4 ,b f ?is exp]im5t x do? n foll[1 t novelty is 9 itself disagreeable4 ,x is p]fectly consi/5t1 t we %\ld be delight$ ) an object 9 "o view1 & t]rifi$ ) x 9 ano!r4 ,a riv] 9 flood swell+ ov] its banks1 is a gr& & delightful object2 & yet x may produce no small degree ( fe> :5 we attempt to cross x4 ,c\rage & magnanimity are agreeable2 & yet :5 we view ^! qualities 9 an enemy1 !y s]ve to increase our t]ror#ge4 ,9 ! same mann]1 novelty has two effects cle>ly di/+ui%able f ea* o!r4 ,a new object1 by gratify+ curiosity1 mu/ always be agreeable4 ,x may1 at ! same "t1 h an opposite effect indirectly1 :i* is1 to inspire t]ror4 ,= :5 a new object appe>s 9 any degree dang]\s1 our ignorance ( its p[]s & qualities af=ds ample scope = ! imag9ation to dress x 9 ! mo/ frightful col\rs#gf4 ,?us ! fir/ sight ( a lion at "s di/ance1 may at ! same in/ant produce two opposite feel+s1 ! pleasant emotion ( wond]1 & ! pa9ful passion ( t]ror4 ,! novelty ( ! object1 produces ! =m] directly1 & contributes to ! latt] indirectly4 ,?us1 :5 ! subject is analiz$1 we f9d1 t ! p[] :i* novelty ha? indirectly to inflame t]ror1 is p]fectly consi/5t ) its be+ 9 e case agreeable4 ,! matt] may be put 9 a /ill cle>] light by v>y+ ! sc5e4 ,if a lion be fir/ se5 f a place ( safety1 ! spectacle is altoge!r agreeable )\t ! lea/ mixture ( t]ror4 ,if aga9 ! fir/ sight put u )9 rea* ( ?is dang]\s animal1 our t]ror may be s great z q to exclude any s5se ( novelty4 ,b ?is fact proves n t wond] is pa9ful3 x proves only t wond] may be exclud$ by a m p[]ful passion4 ,& yet x is ?is fact1 :i*1 9 sup]ficial ?9k+1 has ?r[n ! subject into obscurity4 ,i presume we may n[ boldly affirm1 t wond] is 9 e case a pleasant emotion4 ,?is is ackn[l$g$ z to all new objects t appe> in(f5sive4 ,& ev5 z to objects t appe> (f5sive1 ,i urge t ! same mu/ hold s long z ! spectator c att5d to ! novelty4 ,:e!r surprise be 9 itself pleasant or pa9ful1 is a "q n less intricate ?an ! =m]4 ,x is c]ta91 t surprise inflames our joy :5 unexpect$ly we meet ) an old fri5d3 & n less our t]ror1 :5 we /umble ^u any ?+ noxi\s4 ,to cle> ?is po9t1 we mu/ trace x /ep by /ep4 ,& ! fir/ ?+ to be rem>k$ is1 t 9 "s in/ances an unexpect$ object ov]p[]s ! m9d s z to produce a mom5t>y /upefaction4 ,an unexpect$ object1 n less ?an "o t is new1 is apt to s\nd an al>m & to raise t]ror4 ,man1 naturally a def5celess be+1 is happily s con/itut$ z to appreh5d dang] 9 all d\btful cases4 ,accord+ly1 :]e ! object is dang]\s1 or appe>s s1 ! sudd5 al>m x gives1 )\t prep>ation1 is apt totally to unh+e ! m9d1 & = a mom5t to susp5d all ! faculties1 ev5 ?\ght itself#gg4 ,9 ?is /ate a man is q helpless2 & if he move at all1 is z likely to run ^u ! dang] z f x4 ,surprise c>ri$ to ?is height1 _c be ei!r pleasant or pa9ful2 because ! m9d1 dur+ su* mom5t>y /upefaction1 is 9 a good measure1 if n totally1 ins5sible4 ,if we !n inquire = ! "* ( ?is emotion1 x mu/ be :]e ! unexpect$ object or ev5t produce? less viol5t effects4 ,& :ile ! m9d rema9s s5sible ( pleasure & pa91 is x n natural to suppose1 t surprise1 l wond]1 %\ld h an inv>iable "*8 ,i am incl9$ h[ev] to ?9k1 t surprise has no inv>iable "*1 b assumes t ( ! object :i* raises x4 ,wond] is ! gratification ( a natural pr9ciple1 & ^u t acc\nt mu/ be pleasant4 ,!re1 novelty is ! capital circum/ance1 :i*1 = a "t1 is intitl$ to possess ! m9d entirely 9 "o unv>i$ tone4 ,! unexpect$ appe>ance ( an object1 seems n equally intitl$ to produce an emotion di/+ui%able f ! emotion1 pleasant or pa9ful1 t is produc$ by ! object 9 its ord9>y appe>ance4 ,x ought n naturally to h any effect1 o!r ?an to swell t emotion1 by mak+ x m pleasant or m pa9ful ?an x commonly is4 ,& ?is conjecture is confirm$ by exp]i5ce1 z well z by language1 :i* is built ^u exp]i5ce4 ,:5 a man meets a fri5d unexpect$ly1 he is said to be agreeably surpris$2 & :5 he meets an enemy unexpect$ly1 he is said to be disagreeably surpris$4 ,x appe>s !n1 t ! sole effect ( surprise is to swell ! emotion rais$ by ! object4 ,& ?is effect c be cle>ly expla9$4 ,a tide ( connect$ p]ceptions1 glides g5tly into ! m9d1 & produce? no p]turbation4 ,an object on ! o!r h& break+ 9 unexpect$ly1 s\nds an al>m1 r\ses ! m9d out ( its calm /ate1 & directs its :ole att5tion ^u ! object1 :i*1 if agreeable1 becomes d\bly s4 ,sev]al circum/ances concur to produce ?is effect4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! agitation ( ! m9d & its ke5 att5tion1 prep>e x 9 ! mo/ effectual mann] = receiv+ a deep impression4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! object by its sudd5 & un=ese5 appe>ance1 makes an impression1 n gradually z expect$ objects d1 b z at "o /roke ) its :ole =ce4 ,! circum/ances are precisely simil>1 :]e ! object is 9 itself disagreeable4 ,! pleasure ( novelty is easily di/+ui%$ f t ( v>iety4 ,to produce ! latt]1 a plurality ( objects is necess>y4 ,! =m] arises f a circum/ance f\nd 9 a s+le object4 ,aga91 :]e objects1 :e!r coexi/5t or 9 succession1 are suffici5tly div]sifi$1 ! pleasure ( v>iety is complete1 ?\gh e s+le object ( ! tra9 be famili>4 ,b ! pleasure ( novelty1 directly opposite to famili>ity1 requires no div]sification4 ,!re are diff]5t degrees ( novelty1 & its effects are 9 proportion4 ,! l[e/ degree is f\nd 9 objects t are survey$ a second "t aft] a long int]val4 ,t 9 ?is case an object takes on "s appe>ance ( novelty1 is c]ta9 f exp]i5ce4 ,a l>ge build+ ( _m p>ts v>i\sly adorn$1 or an ext5sive field embelli%$ ) trees1 lakes1 temples1 /atues1 & o!r ornam5ts1 w appe> new (t5] ?an once4 ,! memory ( an object s complex is soon lo/2 ( its p>ts at lea/1 or ( _! arrangem5t4 ,b exp]i5ce tea*es1 t ev5 )\t any decay ( remembrance1 abs5ce alone w give an air ( novelty to a once famili> object2 :i* is n surpris+1 because famili>ity we>s (f gradually by abs5ce4 ,?us a p]son ) :om we h be5 intimate1 return+ aft] a long int]val1 appe>s l a new acqua9tance4 ,di/ance ( place contributes to ?is appe>ance1 n less ?an di/ance ( "t4 ,a fri5d aft] a %ort abs5ce 9 a remote c\ntry1 has ! same air ( novelty z if he _h return$ aft] a long] int]val f a place ne>] home4 ,! m9d =ms a connection betwixt him & ! remote c\ntry1 & be/[s ^u him ! s+ul>ity ( ! objects he has se54 ,:5 two ?+s equally new & s+ul> are pres5t$1 ! spectator balances betwixt !m4 ,b :5 told t "o ( !m is ! product ( a di/ant qu>t] ( ! _w1 he no long] hesitates1 b cl+s to ?is z ! m s+ul>4 ,h5ce ! pref]5ce giv5 to =eign luxuries & to =eign curiosities1 :i* appe> r>e 9 proportion to _! orig9al di/ance4 ,! next degree ( novelty1 m\nt+ upw>d1 is f\nd 9 objects ( :i* we h "s in=mation at second h&4 ,= description1 ?\gh x contribute to famili>ity1 _c altoge!r remove ! appe>ance ( novelty :5 ! object itself is pres5t$4 ,! fir/ sight ( a lion occasions "s wond]1 aft] a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! correct$ pictures or /atues ( t animal4 ,a new object t be>s "s di/ant resemblance to a kn[n species1 is an in/ance ( a ?ird degree ( novelty4 ,a /rong resemblance among individuals ( ! same species1 prev5ts almo/ entirely ! effect ( novelty2 unless di/ance ( place or "s o!r circum/ance concur4 ,b :]e ! resemblance is fa9t1 "s degree ( wond] is felt2 & ! emotion rises 9 proportion to ! fa9tness ( ! resemblance4 ,! highe/ degree ( wond] arise? f unkn[n objects t h no analogy to any species we are acqua9t$ )4 ,%akespe> 9 a simile introduces ?is species ( novelty4 ,z glori\s to ! sight ,z is a w+$ mess5g] f heav5 ,unto ! :ite upturn$ wondr+ eye ,( mortals1 t fall back to gaze on him ,:5 he be/rides ! lazy-pac+ cl\ds1 ,& sails ^u ! bosom ( ! air4 ,romeo & ,juliet4 ,"o example ( ?is species ( novelty des]ves peculi> att5tion2 & t is1 :5 an object altoge!r new is se5 by "o p]son only1 & b once4 ,^! circum/ances height5 rem>kably ! emotion4 ,! s+ul>ity ( ! condition ( ! spectator concurs ) ! s+ul>ity ( ! object1 to inflame wond] to its highe/ pit*4 ,9 expla9+ ! effects ( novelty1 ! place a be+ occupies 9 ! scale ( exi/5ce1 is a circum/ance t mu/ n be omitt$4 ,novelty 9 ! individuals ( a l[ class1 is p]ceiv$ ) indiff]5ce1 or ) a v slight emotion4 ,?us a pebble1 h[ev] s+ul> 9 its appe>ance1 sc>ce moves our wond]4 ,! emotion rises ) ! rank ( ! object2 &1 o!r circum/ances be+ equal1 is /ronge/ 9 ! highe/ ord] ( exi/5ce4 ,a /range animal affects u m ?an a /range vegetable2 & 7 we admitt$ to view sup]ior be+s1 our wond] w\ld rise proportionably2 & accompany+ ,nature 9 h] amaz+ works1 be complet$ 9 ! contemplation ( ! ,deity4 ,h[ev] natural ! love ( novelty may be1 x is a matt] ( exp]i5ce1 t ^? :o reli% novelty ! mo/1 are c>eful to conceal its influ5ce4 ,?is reli%1 x is true1 prevails 9 *ildr51 9 idle p1 & 9 m5 ( a weak m9d4 ,& yet1 aft] all1 :y %\ld "o be a%am$ = indulg+ a natural prop5sity8 ,a di/9ction w expla9 ?is difficulty4 ,no man is a%am$ to own1 t he loves to contemplate new or /range objects4 ,he nei!r condemns himself nor is c5sur$ by o!rs1 = ?is appetite4 ,b e man /udies to conceal1 t he loves a ?+ or p]=ms an action1 m]ely = its novelty4 ,! reason ( ! diff]5ce w set ! matt] 9 a cle> light4 ,curiosity is a natural pr9ciple direct$ ^u new & s+ul> objects1 9 ! contemplation ( :i* its gratification consi/s1 )\t lead+ to any end o!r ?an k4 ,! man !re=e :o pref]s any ?+ m]ely because x is new1 ha? n ?is pr9ciple = 8 ju/ification2 nor inde$ any good pr9ciple4 ,vanity is at ! bottom1 :i* easily prevails ^u ^? :o h no ta/e1 to pref] ?+s odd1 r>e1 or s+ul>1 9 ord] to di/+ui% !mselves f o!rs4 ,& 9 fact1 ! appetite = novelty1 z above m5tion$1 reigns *iefly among p]sons ( a mean ta/e1 :o are ignorant ( ref9$ & elegant pleasures4 ,! gratification ( curiosity1 z m5tion$ above1 is di/+ui%$ by a prop] "n1 viz4 wond]2 an hon\r d5i$ to ! gratification ( any o!r pr9ciple1 emotion1 or passion1 s f> z ,i c recollect4 ,?is s+ul>ity indicates "s important f9al cause1 :i* ,i endeav\r to unfold4 ,an acqua9tance ) ! v>i\s ?+s t may affect u1 & ) _! prop]ties1 is ess5tial to our well-be+4 ,nor w a slight or sup]ficial acqua9tance be suffici5t4 ,x ought to be s deeply +rav$ on ! m9d1 z to be ready = use ^u e occasion4 ,n[1 9 ord] to a deep impression1 x is wisely contriv$1 t ?+s %\ld be introduc$ to our acqua9tance1 ) a c]ta9 pomp & solemnity productive ( a vivid emotion4 ,:5 ! impression is once fairly made1 ! emotion ( novelty1 be+ no long] necess>y1 vani%e? almo/ in/antane\sly2 nev] to return1 unless :]e ! impression happ5s to be oblit]at$ by l5g? ( "t or o!r means2 9 :i* case ! second introduction is ne>ly z solemn z ! fir/4 ,design+ wisdom is no :]e m legible ?an 9 ?is "p ( ! human frame4 ,if new objects did n affect u 9 a v peculi> mann]1 _! impressions w\ld be s slight z sc>ce to be ( any use 9 life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 did objects cont9ue to affect u z deeply z at fir/1 ! m9d w\ld be totally +ross$ ) !m1 & h no room left ei!r = action or reflection4 ,! f9al cause ( surprise is /ill m evid5t ?an ( novelty4 ,self-love makes u vigilantly att5tive to self-pres]vation4 ,b self-love1 :i* op]ates by means ( reason & reflection1 & impells n ! m9d to any p>ticul> object or f x1 is a pr9ciple too cool = a sudd5 em]g5cy4 ,an object break+ 9 unexpect$ly1 af=ds no "t = delib]ation2 &1 9 ?is case1 ! agitation ( surprise is artfully contriv$ to r\se self-love into action4 ,surprise gives ! al>m1 & if !re be any appe>ance ( dang]1 our :ole =ce is in/antly summon$ up to %un or to prev5t x4 ,,*ap4 ,,vii4 ,risible ,objects4 ,su* is ! nature ( man1 t 8 p[]s & faculties are soon blunt$ by ex]cise4 ,! returns ( sleep1 susp5d+ all activity1 are n alone suffici5t to pres]ve him 9 vigor4 ,dur+ 8 wak+ h\rs1 amusem5t by int]vals is requisite to unb5d 8 m9d f s]i\s occupation4 ,! imag9ation1 ( all our faculties ! mo/ active1 & n always at re/ ev5 9 sleep1 contributes m ?an any o!r cause to recruit ! m9d & re/ore its vigor1 by amus+ u ) gay & ludicr\s images2 & :5 relaxation is necess>y1 su* amusem5t is mu* reli%$4 ,b !re are o!r s\rces ( amusem5t beside ! imag9ation4 ,_m objects1 natural z well z artificial1 may be di/+ui%$ by ! epi!t ( risible1 because !y raise 9 u a peculi> emotion express$ ext]nally by laught]4 ,?is is a pleasant emotion2 & be+ also mir?ful1 x mo/ successfully unb5ds ! m9d & recruits ! spirits4 ,ludicr\s is a g5]al t]m1 signify+1 z we may conjecture f its d]ivation1 :at is playsome1 sportive1 or jocul>4 ,ludicr\s !re=e seems ! g5us1 ( :i* risible is a species1 limit$ z above to :at makes u laugh4 ,h[ev] easy x may be1 conc]n+ any p>ticul> object1 to say :e!r x be risible or n2 x seems difficult1 if at all practicable1 to e/abli% be=eh& any g5]al "* by :i* objects ( ?is k9d may be di/+ui%$ f o!rs4 ,nor is ?is a s+ul> case4 ,^u a review1 we f9d ! same difficulty 9 mo/ ( ! articles already h&l$4 ,!re is no?+ m easy1 view+ a p>ticul> object1 ?an to pron\nce t x is beautiful or ugly1 gr& or little3 b 7 we to attempt g5]al rules = rang+ objects "u diff]5t classes1 accord+ to ^! qualities1 we %\ld f9d ourselves utt]ly at a loss4 ,!re is a sep>ate cause :i* increases ! difficulty ( di/+ui%+ risible objects by a g5]al "*4 ,all m5 are n equally affect$ by risible objects2 & ev5 ! same p]son is m dispos$ to laugh at "o "t ?an ano!r4 ,9 high spirits a ?+ w make u laugh outright1 t w sc>ce provoke a smile :5 we are 9 a grave mood4 ,we mu/ !re=e ab&on ! ?\ght ( attempt+ g5]al rules = di/+ui%+ risible objects f o!rs4 ,risible objects h[ev] are circumscrib$ )9 c]ta9 limits1 :i* ,i %all sugge/1 )\t pret5d+ to any degree ( accuracy4 ,&1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i obs]ve1 t no object is risible b :at appe>s slight1 little1 or trifl+4 ,= man is s con/itut$ z to be s]i\sly affect$ ) e ?+ t is ( importance to 8 own int]e/ or to t ( o!rs4 ,secondly1 ) respect to ! works bo? ( nature & ( art1 no?+ is risible b :at deviates f ! common nature ( ! subject3 x mu/ be "s p>ticul> out ( rule1 "s rem>kable defect or excess1 a v long visage1 = example1 or a v %ort "o4 ,h5ce no?+ j1 prop]1 dec5t1 beautiful1 proportion$1 or gr&1 is risible4 ,a real di/ress raises pity1 & !re=e _c be risible4 ,b a slight or imag9>y di/ress1 :i* moves n pity1 is risible4 ,! adv5ture ( ! full+-mills 9 ,don ,quixote is extremely risible2 s is ! sc5e :]e ,san*o1 9 a d>k night1 tumbles into a pit1 & atta*es himself to ! side by h& & foot1 !re hang+ 9 t]rible dismay till ! morn+1 :5 he discov]s himself to be )9 a foot ( ! bottom4 ,a nose rem>kably long or %ort is risible2 b to want ! nose altoge!r1 f> f provok+ laught]1 raises horror 9 ! spectator4 ,f :at is said1 x w readily be conjectur$1 t ! emotion rais$ by a risible object is ( a nature s s+ul> z sc>ce to f9d place :ile ! m9d is occupi$ ) any o!r passion or emotion4 ,& ?is conjecture is v]ifi$ by exp]i5ce4 ,we sc>ce ev] f9d ?is emotion bl5d$ ) any o!r4 ,"o emotion ,i mu/ except1 & t is contempt rais$ by "s sort ( improprieties4 ,e improp] act inspires u ) "s degree ( contempt = ! au?or4 ,& if an improp] act be at ! same "t risible & provoke laught]1 ( :i* blund]s & absurdities are not$ in/ances1 ! two emotions ( contempt & ( laught] unite intimately 9 ! m9d1 & produce ext]nally :at is t]m$ a laugh ( d]ision or ( scorn4 ,h5ce objects t cause laught]1 may be di/+ui%$ into two k9ds4 ,!y are ei!r risible or ridicul\s4 ,a risible object is mir?ful only2 a ridicul\s object is bo? mir?ful & contemptible4 ,! fir/ raises an emotion ( laught] t is altoge!r pleasant3 ! emotion ( laught] rais$ by ! o!r1 is qualifi$ ) t ( contempt2 & ! mix$ emotion1 p>tly pleasant p>tly pa9ful1 is t]m$ ! emotion ( ridicule4 ,i av5ge myself ( ! pa9 a ridicul\s object gives me by a laugh ( d]ision4 ,a risible object1 on ! o!r h&1 gives me no pa93 x is altoge!r pleasant by a c]ta9 sort ( titillation1 :i* is express$ ext]nally by mir?ful laught]4 ,ridicule w be m fully expla9$ aft]w>d3 ! pres5t *apt] is appropriat$ to ! o!r emotion4 ,risible objects are s common & s well und]/ood1 t x is unnecess>y to consume pap] or "t ^u !m4 ,take ! few foll[+ examples4 ,fal/aff4 ,i d rememb] him at ,clem5t's inn1 l a man made aft] supp] ( a *eese-p>+4 ,:5 he 0 nak$1 he 0 = all ! _w l a =k$ radi%1 ) a head fanta/ically c>v$ ^u x ) a knife4 ,second "p1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 act #c4 sc4 #e4 ,! =ego+ is ( disproportion4 ,! foll[+ examples are ( slight or imag9>y mis=tunes4 ,fal/aff4 ,g fet* me a qu>t ( sack1 put a toa/ 9't4 ,h ,i liv'd to be c>ri$ 9 a basket1 l a b>r[ ( but*]'s (fal1 & to be ?r[n into ! ,?ames8 ,well1 if ,i be s]v'd su* ano!r trick1 ,i'll h my bra9s ta'en out & butt]'d1 & give !m to a dog = a new-ye>'s gift4 ,! rogues slight$ me into ! riv] ) z little remorse z !y w\ld h dr[n'd a bit*'s bl9d puppies1 fifte5 i' ?' litt]2 & y may "k by my size1 t ,i h a k9d ( alacrity 9 s9k+3 if ! bottom 7 z deep z hell1 ,i %\ld d[n4 ,i _h be5 dr[n'd1 b t ! %ore 0 %elvy & %all[2 a dea? t ,i abhor2 = ! wat] swells a man3 & :at a ?+ %\ld ,i h be51 :5 ,i _h be5 swell'd8 ,i %\ld h be5 a m\nta9 ( mummy4 ,m]ry wives ( ,w9dsor1 act #c4 sc4 #ae4 ,fal/aff4 ,nay1 y %all he>1 ,ma/] ,brook1 :at ,i h suff]'d to br+ ?is woman to evil = y\r good4 ,be+ ?us cramm'd 9 ! basket1 a c\ple ( ,=d's knaves1 8 h9ds1 7 call'd =? by _! mi/ress1 to c>ry me 9 ! "n ( f\l cloa?s to ,dat*et-lane4 ,!y took me on _! %\ld]s1 met ! jeal\s knave _! ma/] 9 ! door1 :o ask'd !m once or twice :at !y _h 9 _! basket4 ,i quak'd = fe>1 left ! lunatic knave w\ld h se>*'d x2 b ,fate1 orda9+ he %\ld be a cuckold1 held 8 h&4 ,well1 on w5t he = a se>*1 & away w5t ,i = f\l cloa?s4 ,b m>k ! sequel1 ,ma/] ,brook4 ,i suff]'d ! pangs ( ?ree egregi\s dea?s3 fir/1 an intol]able fright1 to be detect$ by a jeal\s rott5 bell wea!r2 next1 to be compass'd l a good bilbo1 9 ! circumf]5ce ( a peck1 hilt to po9t1 heel to head2 & !n to be /opt 91 l a /rong di/illation1 ) /9k+ cloa?s t frett$ 9 _! own grease4 ,?9k ( t1 a man ( my kidney2 ?9k ( t1 t am z subject to heat z butt]2 a man ( cont9ual dissolution & ?aw2 x 0 a miracle to 'scape suffocation4 ,& 9 ! height ( ?is ba?1 :5 ,i 0 m ?an half-/ew'd 9 grease1 l a ,dut* di%1 to be ?r[n into ! ,?ames1 & cool'd gl[+ hot1 9 t surge1 l a horse-%oe2 ?9k ( t2 hiss+ hot2 ?9k ( t1 ,ma/] ,brook4 ,m]ry wives ( ,w9dsor1 act #c4 sc4 #ag4 ,,*ap4 ,,viii4 ,resemblance & ,contra/4 ,hav+ discuss$ ^? qualities & circum/ances ( s+le objects t seem peculi>ly connect$ ) criticism1 we proce$1 accord+ to ! me?od propos$ 9 ! *apt] ( beauty1 to ! relations ( objects1 beg9n+ ) ! relations ( resemblance & contra/4 ,man be+ unavoidably connect$ ) ! be+s ar\nd him1 "s acqua9tance ) _! nature1 _! p[]s1 & _! qualities1 is requisite = regulat+ 8 conduct4 ,z an inc5tive to acquire a bran* ( k s ess5tial to our well-be+1 motives alone ( reason & int]e/ are n suffici5t4 ,nature ha? provid5tly sup]add$ curiosity1 a vigor\s prop5sity :i* nev] is at re/4 ,x is ?is prop5sity :i* atta*es u to e new object#gh2 & 9 p>ticul> incites u to consid] objects 9 ! way ( comp>ison1 9 ord] to discov] _! diff]5ces & resemblances4 ,resemblance among objects ( ! same k9d1 & dissimilitude among objects ( diff]5t k9ds1 are too obvi\s & famili> to gratify our curiosity 9 any degree4 ,! gratification lies 9 discov]+ diff]5ces among ?+s :]e resemblance prevails1 & 9 discov]+ resemblances :]e diff]5ce prevails4 ,?us a diff]5ce 9 individuals ( ! same k9d ( plants or animals is deem$ a discov]y1 :ile ! _m p>ticul>s 9 :i* !y agree are neglect$3 & 9 diff]5t k9ds1 any resemblance is gre$ily rem>k$1 )\t att5d+ to ! _m p>ticul>s 9 :i* !y diff]4 ,a comp>ison h[ev] may be too f> /ret*$4 ,:5 diff]5ces or resemblances are c>ri$ beyond c]ta9 b\nds1 !y appe> slight & trivial2 & = t reason w n be reli%$ by "o ( ta/e4 ,yet su* prop5sity is !re to gratify passion1 curiosity 9 p>ticul>1 t ev5 among good writ]s1 we f9d _m comp>isons too slight to af=d satisfaction4 ,h5ce ! frequ5t in/ances among logicians1 ( di/9ctions )\t any solid diff]5ce3 & h5ce ! frequ5t in/ances among poets & orators1 ( similes )\t any j resemblance4 ,) reg>d to ! latt]1 ,i %all conf9e myself to "o in/ance1 :i* w probably amuse ! read]1 be+ a citation n f a poet nor orator1 b f a grave au?or writ+ an in/itute ( law4 8,our /ud5t %all obs]ve1 t ! k ( ! law is l a deep well1 out ( :i* ea* man drawe? accord+ to ! /r5g? ( 8 und]/&+4 ,he t rea*e? deepe/1 see? ! amiable & admirable secrets ( ! law1 :]e9 ,i assure y ! sages ( ! law 9 =m] times h _h ! deepe/ rea*4 ,& z ! bucket 9 ! dep? is easily drawn to ! upp]mo/ "p ( ! wat]1 7= nullum elem5tum 9 suo proprio loco e/ grave71 b take x f ! wat] x _c be drawn up b ) a great difficulty2 s1 albeit beg9n+s ( ?is /udy seem difficult1 yet :5 ! pr(essor ( ! law c dive into ! dep?1 x is delightful1 easy1 & )\t any heavy burd51 s long z he keep himself 9 8 own prop] elem5t#gi40 ,%akespe> ) mu* wit ridicules ?is disposition to simile-mak+1 by putt+ 9 ! m\? ( a weak man a resemblance mu* ( a piece ) t n[ m5tion$4 ,fluell54 ,i ?9k x is 9 ,mac$on :]e ,alex&] is porn3 ,i tell y1 ,capta91 if y look 9 ! maps ( ! orld1 ,i w>rant t y sall f9d1 9 ! comp>isons betwe5 ,mac$on & ,monm\?1 t ! situations1 look y1 is bo? alike4 ,!re is a riv] 9 ,mac$on1 !re is also moreov] a riv] 9 ,monm\?3 x is call'd ,wye at ,monm\?1 b x is out ( my pra9s :at is ! "n ( ! o!r riv]2 b x is all "o1 'tis z l z my f+]s to my f+]s1 & !re is salmons 9 bo?4 ,if y m>k ,alex&]'s life well1 ,h>ry ( ,monm\?'s life is come aft] x indiff]5t well2 = !re is figures 9 all ?+s4 ,alex&]1 ,god kn[s1 & y "k1 9 8 rages1 & 8 furies1 & 8 wra?s1 & 8 *ol]s1 & 8 moods1 & 8 displeasures1 & 8 indignations1 & also be+ a little intoxicates 9 8 pra9s1 did1 9 8 ales & 8 ang]s1 look y1 kill 8 pe/ fri5d ,clytus4 ,g[]4 ,our ,k+ is n l him 9 t1 he nev] kill'd any ( 8 fri5ds4 ,fluell54 ,x is n well done1 m>k y n[1 to take ! tales out ( my m\?1 ere x is made & f9i%$4 ,i speak b 9 figures1 & comp>isons ( x3 ,z ,alex&] kill'd 8 fri5d ,clytus1 be+ 9 8 ales & 8 cups2 s also ,h>ry ,monm\?1 be+ 9 8 "r wits & 8 good judgm5ts1 turn'd away ! fat knight ) ! great belly-d\blet2 he 0 full ( je/s1 & gypes1 & knav]ies1 & mocks3 ,i h =got 8 "n4 ,g[]4 ,sir ,john ,fal/aff4 ,fluell54 ,t is he3 ,i tell y1 !re is good m5 porn at ,monm\?4 ,k4 ,h5ry ,v4 act #d4 sc4 #ac4 ,in/ruction1 no d\bt1 is ! *ief end ( comp>ison1 b n ! only end4 ,9 works address$ to ! imag9ation1 comp>ison may be employ$ ) great success to put a subject 9 a /rong po9t ( view4 ,a lively idea is =m$ ( a man's c\rage1 by lik5+ x to t ( a lion2 & eloqu5ce is exalt$ 9 our imag9ation1 by comp>+ x to a riv] ov]fl[+ its banks1 & involv+ all 9 its impetu\s c\rse4 ,! same effect is produc$ by contra/4 ,a man 9 prosp]ity1 becomes m s5sible ( 8 happ9ess1 by oppos+ 8 condition to t ( a p]son 9 want ( bread4 ,?us comp>ison is subs]vi5t to poetry z well z to philosophy2 & ) respect to bo?1 ! =ego+ obs]vation holds equally1 t resemblance among objects ( ! same k9d1 & contra/ among objects ( diff]5t k9ds1 h no effect4 ,su* a comp>ison nei!r t5ds to gratify our curiosity1 nor to set ! objects comp>$ 9 a /rong] light4 ,two ap>tm5ts 9 a palace1 simil> 9 %ape1 size1 & furniture1 make sep>ately z good a figure z :5 comp>$2 & ! same obs]vation applies to two simil> cop>tm5ts 9 a g>d54 ,on ! o!r h&1 oppose a regul> build+ to a fall ( wat]1 or a good picture to a t[]+ hill1 or ev5 a little dog to a l>ge horse1 & ! contra/ w produce no effect4 ,b resemblance1 :]e ! objects comp>$ are ( diff]5t k9ds1 & contra/ :]e ! objects comp>$ are ( ! same k9d1 h ea* ( !m rem>kably an enliv5+ effect4 ,! poets1 su* ( !m z h a j ta/e1 draw all _! similes f ?+s t 9 ! ma9 diff] widely f ! pr9cipal subject2 & !y nev] attempt a contra/ b :]e ! ?+s h a common g5us & a resemblance 9 ! capital circum/ances4 ,place toge!r a l>ge & a small siz$ animal ( ! same species1 ! "o w appe> great] ! o!r less1 ?an :5 view$ sep>ately4 ,:5 we oppose beauty to de=mity1 ea* makes a great] figure by ! comp>ison4 ,^u a subject n only 9 itself curi\s1 b ( great importance 9 all ! f9e arts1 ,i mu/ be m p>ticul>4 ,t resemblance & contra/ h an enliv5+ effect ^u objects ( sight1 is made suffici5tly evid5t2 & t !y h ! same effect ^u objects ( ! o!r s5ses1 w appe> f induction4 ,nor is ?is law conf9$ to ! ext]nal s5ses4 ,*>act]s contra/$1 make a great] figure by ! opposition4 ,iago1 9 ! trag$y ( ,o!llo1 says ,he ha? a daily beauty 9 8 life1 ,t makes me ugly4 ,! "* ( a fop1 & ( a r\gh w>rior1 are no :]e m successfully contra/$ ?an by ,%akespe>4 ,hotspur4 ,my liege1 ,i did d5y no prison]s2 ,b ,i rememb]1 :5 ! fight 0 done1 ,:5 ,i 0 dry ) rage1 & extreme toil1 ,brea?less & fa9t1 lean+ ^u my sword2 ,came !re a c]ta9 ,"l1 neat1 trimly dress'd1 ,fre% z a bridegroom2 & 8 *91 new-reap'd1 ,%ew'd l a /ubble-l& at h>ve/-home4 ,he 0 p]fum$ l a mill9]2 ,& 'twixt 8 f+] & 8 ?umb he held ,a p\ncet-box1 :i* ev] & anon ,he gave 8 nose2--& /ill he smil'd1 & talk'd2 ,& z ! soldi]s b>e dead bodies by1 ,he call'd !m untaught knaves1 unmann]ly1 ,to br+ a slov5ly1 unh&some corse ,betwixt ! w9d & 8 nobility4 ,) _m holiday & lady t]ms ,he "q'd me3 among/ ! re/1 dem&$ ,my pris'n]s1 9 y\r ,maje/y's behalf4 ,i !n all sm>t+ ) my w\nds2 be+ gal'd ,to be s pe/]'d ) a pop9jay1 ,out ( my grief1 & my impati5ce1 ,answ]'d1 neglect+ly1 ,i "k n :at3 ,he %\ld1 or %\ld n2 = he made me mad1 ,to see him %9e s brisk1 & smell s sweet1 ,& talk s l a wait+-g5tlewoman1 ,( guns1 & drums1 & w\nds2 7,god save ! m>k67 ,& tell+ me1 ! sov]eign'/ ?+ on e>? ,0 p>macity1 = an inw>d bruise2 ,& t x 0 great pity1 s x 01 ,?is villan\s saltpetre %\ld be digg'd ,out ( ! b[els ( ! h>mless e>?1 ,:i* _m a good1 tall fell[ _h de/roy'd ,s c[>dly3 & b = ^! vile guns1 ,he w\ld himself h be5 a soldi]4-- ,fir/ "p1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 act #a4 sc4 #d4 ,passions & emotions are also inflam$ by comp>ison4 ,a man ( high rank humbles ! by/&]s s f> z almo/ to annihilate !m 9 _! own op9ion4 ,cs>1 behold+ ! /atue ( ,alex&]1 felt a great depression ( spirits1 :5 he reflect$1 t n[ at ! age ( ?irty-two1 :5 ,alex&] di$1 he _h n p]=m$ "o memorable action4 ,our op9ions also are mu* influ5c$ by comp>ison4 ,a man ^: opul5ce exce$s ! ord9>y /&>d1 is reput$ ri*] ?an he is 9 reality2 & ! "* ( wisdom or weakness1 if at all rem>kable is g5]ally c>ri$ beyond ! tru?4 ,! op9ion a man =ms ( 8 pres5t condition z to happ9ess or mis]y1 dep5ds 9 a great measure on ! comp>ison he makes betwixt x & 8 =m] condition3 ,c\ld ,i =get ,:at ,i h be51 ,i might ! bett] be> ,:at ,i am de/9'd to4 ,i'm n ! fir/ ,t h be5 wret*$3 b to ?9k h[ mu* ,i h be5 happi]4 ,s\!rn's ,innoc5t adult]y1 act #b4 ,! di/ress ( a long j\rney makes ev5 an indiff]5t inn pass curr5t4 ,& 9 travell+1 :5 ! road is good & ! horseman well cov]$1 a bad day may be agreeable1 by mak+ him s5sible h[ snug he is4 ,! same effect is equally rem>kable1 :5 a man sets 8 condition 9 opposition to t ( o!rs4 ,a %ip toss$ ab\t 9 a /orm1 makes ! spectator reflect ^u 8 own security & ease1 & puts ^! 9 ! /ronge/ light3 ,suave1 m>i magno turbantibus quora v5tis1 ,e t]ra magnum alt]ius spect>e laborem1 ,non quia vex>i quemquam e/ jocunda voluptas1 ,s$ quibus ipse malis c>eas1 quia c]n]e suave e/4 ,lucret4 l4 #b4 pr9cipio4 ,a man 9 grief _c be> mir?4 ,x gives him a m lively notion ( 8 unhapp9ess1 & ( c\rse makes him m unhappy4 ,satan contemplat+ ! beauties ( ! t]re/rial p>adise1 breaks out 9 ! foll[+ exclamation4 ,) :at delight c\ld ,i h walk'd !e r\nd1 ,if ,i c\ld joy 9 ought1 sweet int]*ange ,( hill & valley1 riv]s1 woods1 & pla9s1 ,n[ l&1 n[ sea1 & %ores ) =e/ cr[n'd1 ,rocks1 d5s1 & caves6 b ,i 9 none ( ^! ,f9d place or refuge2 & ! m ,i see ,pleasures ab\t me1 s mu* m ,i feel ,torm5t )9 me1 z f ! hateful siege ,( contr>ies3 all good to me becomes ,bane1 & 9 heav'n mu* worse w\ld be my /ate4 ,p>adise ,lo/1 book #i4 l4 #aad4 ,gaunt4 ,all places t ! eye ( heav5 visits1 ,are to a wise man ports & happy hav5s4 ,tea* ?y necessity to reason ?us3 ,!re is no virtue l necessity4 ,?9k n ! ,k+ did bani% !e2 ,b ?\ ! ,k+4 ,wo do? ! heavi] sit1 ,:]e x p]ceives x is b fa9tly borne4 ,g say1 ,i s5t !e =? to pur*ase hon\r2 ,& n1 ! ,k+ exil'd !e4 ,or suppose1 ,dev\r+ pe/il5ce hangs 9 our air1 ,& ?\ art fly+ to a fre%] clime1 ,look :at ?y s\l holds de>1 imag9e x ,to lie t way ?\ g'/1 n :5ce ?\ com'/4 ,suppose ! s++ birds1 musicians2 ,! grass :]eon ?\ tread'/1 ! pres5ce-floor2 ,! fl['rs1 fair ladies2 & ?y /eps1 no m ,?an a delightful measure1 or a dance4 ,= gn>l+ ,sorr[ ha? less p[] to bite ,! man t mocks at x1 & sets x light4 ,bol+broke4 ,oh1 :o c hold a fire 9 8 h&1 ,by ?9k+ on ! fro/y ,caucasus8 ,or cloy ! hungry edge ( ,appetite1 ,by b>e imag9ation ( a fea/8 ,or wall[ nak$ 9 ,decemb] sn[1 ,by ?9k+ on fanta/ic summ]'s heat8 ,oh1 no6 ! appreh5sion ( ! good ,gives b ! great] feel+ to ! worse4 ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,ii4 act #a4 sc4 #f4 ,! appe>ance ( dang] gives sometimes pleasure1 sometimes pa94 ,a timor\s p]son ^u ! battlem5ts ( a high t[]1 is seiz$ ) t]ror1 :i* ev5 ! consci\sness ( security _c dissipate4 ,b ^u "o ( a firm head1 ?is situation has a contr>y effect4 ,! appe>ance ( dang] height5s by opposition ! consci\sness ( security1 & ( consequ5ce ! satisfaction t arises f security4 ,! feel+ "h resembles t above m5tion$ occasion$ by a %ip lab\r+ 9 a /orm4 ,?is effect ( magnify+ or less5+ objects by means ( comp>ison1 is s famili>1 t no philosoph] has ?\ght ( se>*+ = a cause#hj4 ,! obscurity ( ! subject may possibly h contribut$ to _! sil5ce4 ,b luckily 9 treat+ o!r subjects1 a pr9ciple is unfold$ :i* w cle>ly acc\nt = ?is ph5om5on4 ,x dep5ds ^u ! p[] ( passion to model our op9ion ( objects = its gratification#ha4 ,we h _h occasion to see _m illu/ri\s examples ( ?is s+ul> p[] ( passion2 & ! pres5t subject af=ds an additional in/ance4 ,t ?is is ! cause1 w evid5tly appe>1 by reflect+ 9 :at mann] a spectator is affect$1 :5 a v l>ge animal is = ! fir/ "t plac$ beside a v small "o ( ! same species4 ,! opposition is ! fir/ ?+ t /rikes ! m9d3 ! unusual appe>ance gives surprise2 & ! spectator1 prone to gratify ?is emotion1 conceives ! opposition to be ! greate/ t c be4 ,he sees1 or seems to see1 ! "o animal extremely little1 & ! o!r extremely l>ge4 ,! emotion ( surprise aris+ f any unusual resemblance1 s]ves equally to expla9 :y at fir/ view we are apt to ?9k su* resemblance m entire ?an x is 9 reality4 ,& x mu/ be obs]v$1 t ! circum/ances ( m & less1 :i* are ! prop] subjects ( comp>ison1 raise a p]ception s indi/9ct & vague z to facilitate ! effect describ$4 ,we h no m5tal /&>d ( great & little1 nor ( ! sev]al degrees ( any attribute2 & ! m9d ?us unre/ra9$1 is naturally dispos$ to indulge its surprise to ! utmo/ ext5t4 ,9 explor+ ! op]ations ( ! m9d1 "s ( :i* are extremely nice & slipp]y1 x is necess>y to proce$ ) ! utmo/ circumspection4 ,& aft] all1 seldom x happ5s t speculations ( ?is k9d af=d any /rong conviction4 ,luckily1 9 ! pres5t case1 we h at h& facts & exp]im5ts t support ! =ego+ !ory 9 a satisfactory mann]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! oppos+ a small object ( "o species to a great object ( ano!r1 produces n1 9 any degree1 t effect ( contra/1 :i* is s rem>kable :5 bo? objects are ( ! same species4 ,!re is no diff]5ce betwixt ^! two cases t promise? to h any influ5ce1 b only t ! =m] is common1 ! latt] r>e4 ,may we n !n fairly conclude1 t surprise f ! r>ity ( appe>ance is ! cause ( contra/1 :5 we f9d no su* effect :]e ! appe>ance is common8 ,9 ! next place1 if surprise be ! sole cause ( ! effects t appe> 9 mak+ a comp>ison1 x foll[s necess>ily t ^! effects w vani% s soon z a comp>ison becomes famili>4 ,?is holds s un]r+ly1 z to leave no reasonable d\bt t surprise is ! prime mov] 9 ?is op]ation4 ,our surprise is great ! fir/ "t a small lapdog is se5 ) a l>ge ma/iff3 b :5 two su* animals are con/antly toge!r1 !re is no surprise2 & x makes no diff]5ce :e!r !y be view$ sep>ately or 9 company4 ,we put no b\nds to ! ri*es ( a man :o has rec5tly made 8 =tune4 ,! opposition betwixt 8 pres5t & pa/ situation1 or betwixt 8 pres5t situation & t ( o!rs1 is c>ri$ to an extreme4 ,) reg>d to a family t = _m g5]ations ha? enjoy$ great weal?1 ! same false reckon+ is n made4 ,x is equally rem>kable1 t a simile loses its effect by repetition4 ,a lov] comp>$ to a mo? scor*+ itself at ! flame ( a c&le1 is a sprightly simile1 :i* by frequ5t use has lo/ all =ce4 ,love _c n[ be comp>$ to fire1 )\t "s degree ( disgu/4 ,x has be5 ju/ly object$ aga9/ ,hom]1 t ! lion is too (t5 introduc$ 9 8 similes4 ,all ! v>iety he is able to ?r[ into !m1 is n suffici5t to keep alive ! read]'s surprise4 ,to expla9 ! influ5ce ( comp>ison ^u ! m9d1 ,i h *os5 ! simple/ case1 t ( two animals ( ! same k9d1 diff]+ 9 size only1 se5 = ! fir/ "t4 ,to complete ! !ory1 o!r circum/ances mu/ be tak5 94 ,& ! next supposition ,i %all make1 is :]e bo? animals1 sep>ately famili> to ! spectator1 are br\ght toge!r = ! fir/ "t4 ,9 ?is case1 ! effect ( magnify+ & dim9i%+1 w be f\nd rem>kably great] ?an 9 t fir/ m5tion$4 ,& ! reason w appe> ^u analyz+ ! op]ation4 ,! fir/ ?+ we feel is surprise1 occasion$ by ! uncommon diff]5ce ( two creatures ( ! same species4 ,we are next s5sible1 t ! "o appe>s less1 ! o!r l>g]1 ?an !y did =m]ly4 ,?is new circum/ance is a second cause ( surprise1 & augm5ts x s z to make u imag9e a /ill great] opposition betwixt ! animals1 ?an if we _h =m$ no notion ( !m be=eh&4 ,i %all conf9e myself to "o o!r supposition1 ,t ! spectator 0 acqua9t$ be=eh& ) "o ( ! animals only1 ! lapdog = example4 ,?is new circum/ance w v>y ! effect4 ,in/ead ( wid5+ ! natural diff]5ce by enl>g+ 9 appe>ance ! "o animal & dim9i%+ ! o!r 9 proportion1 ! :ole app>5t alt]ation w re/ ^u ! lapdog4 ,! surprise to f9d x less ?an judg$ to be =m]ly1 w draw ! :ole att5tion ( ! m9d ^u x2 & ?is surprise w be gratifi$1 by conceiv+ x to be ( ! mo/ dim9utive size possible4 ,! ma/iff 9 ! mean "t is q neglect$4 ,i am able to illu/rate ?is effect by a v famili> example4 ,take a piece ( pap] or l95 reckon$ to be a good :ite1 & comp>e x ) some?+ ( ! same k9d t is a pure :ite4 ,! judgem5t we =m$ ( ! fir/ object is in/antly v>i$2 & ! surprise occasion$ by f9d+ x n s :ite z 0 ?\ght1 produce? a ha/y conviction t x is mu* less :ite ?an x is 9 reality4 ,)draw+ n[ ! pure :ite1 & putt+ 9 its place a deep black1 ! surprise occasion$ by ?is new circum/ance c>ries our ?\ght to ! o!r extreme1 & we n[ conceive ! orig9al object to be a pure :ite4 ,?us exp]i5ce =ces u to ackn[l$ge1 t our emotions h an influ5ce ev5 ^u our eye-sight4 ,?is exp]im5t leads to a g5]al obs]vation1 ,t :atev] is f\nd m /range or beautiful ?an 0 expect$1 is judg$ to be m /range or beautiful ?an x is 9 reality4 ,h5ce x is a common artifice1 to depreciate be=eh& :at we wi% to make a figure 9 ! eyes ( o!rs4 ,! comp>isons employ$ by poets & orators1 co9cide ) ! la/-m5tion$ supposition4 ,x is always a kn[n object t is to be aggr&iz$ or less5$4 ,! =m] is effectuat$ by lik5+ x to "s gr& object1 or by contra/+ x ) "o t has ! opposite "*4 ,to effectuate ! latt]1 ! me?od mu/ be rev]s$4 ,! object mu/ be contra/$ ) some?+ sup]ior to itself1 or lik5$ to some?+ inf]ior4 ,! :ole effect is produc$ ^u ! pr9cipal subject1 :i* by ?is means is elevat$ above its rank or depress$ bel[ x4 ,9 acc\nt+ = ! effect t any unusual resemblance or contra/ has ^u ! m9d1 ,i h hi!rto assign$ no o!r cause b surprise2 & to prev5t confusion & obscurity1 ,i ?\ght x prop] to discuss t pr9ciple fir/4 ,b surprise is n ! only cause ( ! effect describ$4 ,ano!r cause concurs1 :i* op]ates p]haps n less p[]fully ?an surprise4 ,?is cause is a pr9ciple 9 human nature t lies /ill 9 obscurity1 n hav+ be5 evolv$ by any writ]1 ?\gh its effects are ext5sive4 ,z x is n di/+ui%$ by a prop] "n1 ! read] mu/ be satisfi$ ) ! foll[+ description4 ,no man :o /udies himself or o!rs b mu/ be s5sible ( a t5d5cy or prop5sity 9 ! m9d to complete e "w t is begun1 & to c>ry ?+s to _! full p]fection4 ,?is pr9ciple has little opportunity to display itself ^u natural op]ations1 :i* are seldom left imp]fect4 ,b 9 ! op]ations ( art x ha? great scope2 & displays itself rem>kably1 by mak+ u p]sev]e 9 our own "w1 & by mak+ u wi% = ! completion ( :at is done by ano!r4 ,we feel a s5sible pleasure :5 ! "w is br\ght to p]fection2 & our pa9 is n less s5sible :5 we are disappo9t$4 ,h5ce our uneas9ess1 :5 an int]e/+ /ory is broke (f 9 ! middle1 :5 a piece ( music ends )\t a close1 or :5 a build+ or g>d5 is left imp]fect4 ,! same pr9ciple op]ates 9 mak+ collections1 su* z ! :ole works good & bad ( any au?or4 ,a c]ta9 p]son endeav\r$ to collect pr9ts ( all ! capital pa9t+s1 & succe$$ except z to a few4 ,la ,bruy]e rem>ks1 t an anxi\s se>* 0 made = ^!1 n on acc\nt ( _! value1 b to complete ! set#hb4 ,! f9al cause ( ?is pr9ciple is an additional pro( ( its exi/5ce4 ,human works are ( no significancy till !y be complet$4 ,reason is n always a suffici5t c\nt]balance to indol5ce3 & "s pr9ciple ov] & above is necess>y1 to excite our indu/ry1 & to prev5t our /opp+ %ort 9 ! middle ( ! c\rse4 ,we ne$ n lose "t 9 describ+ ! co-op]ation ( ! =ego+ pr9ciple ) surprise 9 produc+ ! effect t is felt ^u ! appe>ance ( any unusual resemblance or contra/4 ,surprise fir/ op]ates1 & c>ries our op9ion ( ! resemblance or contra/ beyond ! tru?4 ,! pr9ciple we h be5 describ+ c>ries u /ill f>!r2 = be+ b5t ^u gratification1 x =ces ^u ! m9d a conviction t ! resemblance or contra/ is complete4 ,we ne$ no bett] illu/ration ?an ! resemblance t is fanci$ 9 "s pebbles to a tree or an insect4 ,! resemblance1 h[ev] fa9t 9 reality1 is conceiv$ to be wond]fully p]fect4 ,?is t5d5cy to complete a resemblance act+ jo9tly ) surprise1 c>ries ! m9d sometimes s f> z ev5 to presume ^u future ev5ts4 ,9 ! ,greek trag$y1 intitl$1 ,ph9eides1 ^? unhappy wom51 see+ ! place :]e x 0 int5d$ !y %\ld be sla91 cri$ out ) angui%1 8,!y n[ saw _! cruel de/9y _h condemn$ !m to die 9 t place1 be+ ! same :]e !y _h be5 expos$ 9 _! infancy#hc40 ,?is rem>kable pr9ciple :i* incl9es u to advance e ?+ to its p]fection1 n only co-op]ates ) surprise to deceive ! m9d1 b ( itself is able to produce t effect4 ,( ?is we see _m in/ances :]e !re is no place = surprise4 ,! fir/ in/ance ,i %all give is ( resemblance4 ,unumquodque eodem modo dissolvitur quo colligatum e/1 is a maxim 9 ! ,roman law t has no f\ndation 9 tru?4 ,= ty+ & loos+1 build+ & demoli%+1 are acts opposite to ea* o!r1 & are p]=m$ by opposite means4 ,b :5 ^! acts are connect$ by _! relation to ! same subject1 _! connection leads u to imag9e a sort ( resemblance betwixt !m1 :i* ! =ego+ pr9ciple makes u conceive to be z complete z possible4 ,! next in/ance %all be ( contra/4 ,addison obs]ves#hd1 8,t ! pale/ features look ! mo/ agreeable 9 :ite2 t a face :i* is ov]flu%$ appe>s to advantage 9 ! deepe/ sc>let2 & t a d>k complexion is n a little alleviat$ by a black hood40 ,! =ego+ pr9ciple s]ves to acc\nt = ^! appe>ances4 ,to make ?is evid5t1 "o ( ! cases %all suffice4 ,a complexion1 h[ev] d>k1 nev] approa*es to black4 ,:5 ^! col\rs appe> toge!r1 _! opposition /rikes u2 & ! prop5sity we h to complete ! opposition1 makes ! d>kness ( complexion vani% out ( sight4 ,! op]ation ( ?is pr9ciple1 ev5 :]e !re is no gr\nd = surprise1 is n conf9$ to op9ion or conviction4 ,s p[]ful is x1 z to make u sometimes proce$ to action 9 ord] to complete a resemblance or contra/4 ,if ?is appe> obscure1 x w be made cle> by ! foll[+ in/ances4 ,^u :at pr9ciple is ! lex talionis f\nd$ o!r ?an to make ! puni%m5t resemble ! mis*ief8 ,reason dictates1 t !re ought to be a con=mity or resemblance betwixt a crime & its puni%m5t2 & ! =ego+ pr9ciple impells u to make ! resemblance z complete z possible4 ,titus ,livius1 influ5c$ by ?is pr9ciple1 acc\nts = a c]ta9 puni%m5t by a resemblance betwixt x & ! crime1 f> too subtile = common appreh5sion4 ,speak+ ( ,mettus ,fuffetius1 ! ,alban g5]al1 :o1 = trea*]y to ! ,romans1 8 allies1 0 s5t5c$ to be torn to pieces by horses1 he puts ! foll[+ spee* 9 ! m\? ( ,tullus ,ho/ilius1 :o decre$ ! puni%m5t4 8,mette ,fuffeti1 inquit1 si ipse disc]e posses fidem ac fd]a s]v>e1 vivo tibi ea discipl9a a me adhibita esset4 ,nunc1 quoniam tuum insanabile +5ium e/1 at tu tuo supplicio doce humanum g5us1 ea sancta cr$]e1 qu a te violata sunt4 ,ut igitur paulo ante animum int] ,fid5atem ,romanamque rem ancipitem gessi/i1 ita jam corpus passim di/rah5dum dabis#he40 ,by ! same influ5ce1 ! s5t5ce is (t5 execut$ ^u ! v spot :]e ! crime 0 committ$4 ,9 ! ,electra ( ,sophocles1 ,egi/heus is dragg$ f ! !atre into an inn] room ( ! suppos$ palace1 to suff] dea? :]e he murd]$ ,agamemnon4 ,%akespe>1 ^: k ( nature is n less pr(\nd ?an ext5sive1 has n ov]look$ ?is prop5sity3 ,o!llo4 ,get me "s poison1 ,iago1 ?is night2 ,i'll n expo/ulate ) h]1 le/ h] body & h] beauty unprovide my m9d aga92 ?is night1 ,iago4 ,iago4 ,d x n ) poison2 /rangle h] 9 h] b$1 ev5 9 ! b$ %e ha? contam9at$4 ,o!llo4 ,good1 good3 ,! ju/ice ( x pleases2 v good4 ,o!llo1 act #d4 sc4 #e4 ,w>wick4 ,f (f ! gates ( ,york fet* d[n ! head1 ,y\r fa!r's head :i* ,clif=d plac$ !re4 ,in/ead :]e( let 8 supply ! room4 ,measure = measure mu/ be answ]$4 ,?ird ,"p ( ,h5ry ,,vi4 act #b4 sc4 #i4 ,p]sons 9 _! la/ mom5ts are g5]ally seiz$ ) an anxiety to be buri$ ) _! relations4 ,9 ! ,amynta ( ,tasso1 ! lov]1 he>+ t 8 mi/ress 0 torn to pieces by a wolf1 expresses a desire to die ! same dea?#hf4 ,^u ! subject 9 g5]al1 ,i h two rem>ks to add4 ,! fir/ conc]ns resemblance1 :i* :5 too entire ha? no effect1 h[ev] diff]5t 9 k9d ! ?+s comp>$ may be4 ,?is rem>k is applicable to works ( art only2 = natural objects ( diff]5t k9ds1 h sc>ce ev] an entire resemblance4 ,m>ble is a sort ( matt]1 v diff]5t f :at composes an animal2 & m>ble cut into a human figure1 produces great pleasure by ! resemblance4 ,b let a m>ble /atue be col\r$ l a picture1 ! resemblance is s entire z to produce no effect4 ,at a di/ance1 x appe>s a real p]son4 ,we discov] ! mi/ake :5 we approa*2 & no o!r emotion is rais$ b surprise occasion$ by ! deception4 ,! idea ( resemblance is sunk into t ( id5tity4 ,! figure /ill appe>s to our eyes r to be a real p]son ?an a resemblance ( x2 & we mu/ make use ( our reflection to correct ! mi/ake4 ,?is _c happ5 9 a picture2 = ! resemblance c nev] be s entire z to disguise ! imitation4 ,! o!r rem>k reg>ds contra/4 ,emotions make ! greate/ figure :5 contra/$ 9 succession4 ,b !n ! succession ought nei!r to be precipitate nor immod]ately sl[4 ,if too sl[1 ! effect ( contra/ becomes fa9t by ! di/ance ( ! emotions2 & if precipitate1 no s+le emotion has room to exp& itself to its full size2 b is /ifl$ z x 7 9 ! bir? by a succe$+ emotion4 ,! fun]al oration ( ! ,bi%op ( ,meaux ^u ! ,du*ess ( ,orleans1 is a p]fect hot*pot* ( *e>ful & melan*oly repres5tations foll[+ ea* o!r 9 ! quicke/ succession4 ,opposite emotions are be/ felt 9 succession3 b ea* emotion sep>ately %\ld be rais$ to its due pit*1 be=e ano!r be introduc$4 ,:at is above laid d[n1 w enable u to det]m9e a v important "q conc]n+ emotions rais$ by ! f9e arts1 viz4 ,:at ought to be ! rule ( succession2 :e!r ought resemblance to be /udi$ or contra/8 ,! emotions rais$ by ! f9e arts1 are g5]ally too ne>ly relat$ to make a figure by resemblance2 & = t reason1 _! succession ought to be regulat$ z mu* z possible by contra/4 ,?is holds confess$ly 9 epic & dramatic compositions3 & ! be/ writ]s1 l$ p]haps by a good ta/e m ?an by reason+1 h g5]ally aim$ at ?is beauty4 ,9 ! same cantata1 all ! v>iety ( emotions t are )9 ! p[] ( music1 may n only be indulg$1 b1 to make ! greate/ figure1 ought to be contra/$4 ,9 g>d5+ !re is an additional reason = ! rule4 ,! emotions rais$ by t art1 are at be/ s fa9t1 t e artifice %\ld be us$ to give !m _! utmo/ /r5g?4 ,a field may be laid out 9 gr&1 sweet1 gay1 neat1 wild1 melan*oly sc5es4 ,:5 ^! are view$ 9 succession1 gr&eur ought to be contra/$ ) neatness1 regul>ity ) wildness1 & gaiety ) melan*oly2 s z t ea* emotion may succe$ its opposite4 ,nay x is an improvem5t to int]mix 9 ! succession1 rude uncultivat$ spots z well z unb\nd$ views1 :i* 9 !mselves are disagreeable1 b 9 succession height5 ! feel+ ( ! agreeable objects4 ,& we h nature = our guide1 :o 9 h] mo/ beautiful l&scapes (t5 int]mixes rugg$ rocks1 dirty m>%es1 & b>r5 /ony hea?s4 ,! greate/ matt]s ( music1 h ! same view 9 _! compositions3 ! second "p ( an ,italian song seldom conveys any s5tim5t2 &1 by its h>%ness1 seems purposely contriv$ to give a great] reli% = ! int]e/+ p>ts ( ! composition4 ,a small g>d5 compreh5d$ "u a s+le view1 af=ds little opportunity = ?is embelli%m5t4 ,dissimil> emotions require diff]5t tones ( m9d2 & !re=e 9 conjunction c nev] make a good figure#hg4 ,gaiety & sweetness may be comb9$1 or wildness & gloom9ess2 b a composition ( gaiety & gloom9ess is di/a/eful4 ,! rude uncultivat$ cop>tm5t ( furze & broom 9 ,ri*mond g>d51 ha? a good effect 9 ! succession ( objects2 b a spot ( ?is nature w\ld be insuff]able 9 ! mid/ ( a poli%$ p>t]re or fl[]-plot4 ,a g>d5 !re=e1 if n ( great ext5t1 w n admit ( dissimil> emotions4 ,& 9 ornam5t+ a small g>d51 ! safe/ c\rse is to conf9e x to a s+le expression4 ,= ! same reason1 a l&scape ought also to be conf9$ to a s+le expression4 ,x is accord+ly a rule 9 pa9t+1 ,t if ! subject be gay1 e figure ought to contribute to t emotion4 ,x foll[s f ! =ego+ tra9 ( reason+1 t a g>d5 ne> a great city1 ought to h an air ( solitude4 ,! solit>9ess aga9 ( a wa/e c\ntry ought to be contra/$ 9 =m+ a g>d52 no temples1 no obscure walks2 b jets d'eau1 cascades1 objects active1 gay1 & spl5did4 ,nay su* a g>d5 %\ld 9 "s measure avoid imitat+ nature1 by tak+ on an extraord9>y appe>ance ( regul>ity & art1 to %[ ! busy h& ( man1 :i* 9 a wa/e c\ntry has a f9e effect by contra/4 ,x may be ga!r$ f :at is said above#hh1 t wit & ridicule make n an agreeable mixture ) gr&eur4 ,dissimil> emotions h a f9e effect 9 a sl[ succession2 b 9 a rapid succession1 :i* approa*es to co-exi/5ce1 !y w n be reli%$4 ,9 ! mid/ ( a lab\r$ & elevat$ description ( a battle1 ,virgil introduces a ludicr\s image1 :i* is c]ta9ly out ( its place3 ,obvius ambu/um torrem ,*or9u ab ara ,corripit1 et v5i5ti ,ebuso plagamque f]5ti ,occupat os flammis3 illi +5s b>ba reluxit1 ,nidoremque ambu/a d$it4 n4 xii4 #bih4 ,! foll[+ image is n less ludicr\s1 nor less improp]ly plac$4 ,m5tre fan que/i i bellici /rom5ti ,p]*e debbiano to/o 9 uso porse1 ,il gran nemico de l'humane g5ti1 ,contra i ,*ri/iani i lividi oc*i torse3 ,e lor vegg5do a le bell' opre int5ti1 ,ambo le labra p] furor si morse3 ,e qual tauro f]ito1 il suo dolore ,v]so mugghi&o e sospir&o fuore4 ,gi]usal4 cant4 #d4 /4 #a4 ,x w\ld h[ev] be too au/]e1 to bani% altoge!r ludicr\s images f an epic poem4 ,?is poem do? n always so> above ! cl\ds4 ,x admits great v>iety2 & ^u occasions c desc5d ev5 to ! gr\nd )\t s9k+4 ,9 its m famili> tones1 a ludicr\s sc5e may be introduc$ )\t impropriety4 ,?is is done by ,virgil#hi 9 describ+ a foot-race2 ! circum/ances ( :i*1 n except+ ! ludicr\s "p1 are copi$ f ,hom]#ij4 ,aft] a fit ( m]rym5t1 we are1 x is true1 ! less dispos$ to ! s]i\s & sublime3 b !n1 a ludicr\s sc5e1 by unb5d+ ! m9d f sev]e application to m int]e/+ subjects1 may prev5t fatigue1 & pres]ve our reli% entire4 ,,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,( ,uni=mity & ,v>iety4 ,:5 ,i apply myself to expla9 uni=mity & v>iety1 & to %[ h[ we are affect$ by ^! circum/ances1 x appe>s d\btful :at me?od ought to be foll[$4 ,i =esee sev]al difficulties 9 keep+ close to my text2 & yet by indulg+ a range1 su* z may be necess>y = a cle> view1 ,i %all c]ta9ly incur ! c5sure ( w&]+4--,be x s4 ,"o ought n to ab&on ! "r track = fe> ( c5sure4 ,! collat]al matt]s1 beside1 t w be introduc$1 are curi\s1 & n ( slight importance 9 ! sci5ce ( human nature4 ,! necess>y succession ( p]ceptions1 is a subject =m]ly h&l$1 s f> z x dep5ds on ! relations ( objects & _! mutual connections#ia4 ,b t subject is n exhau/$2 & ,i take ! lib]ty to introduce x a second "t1 9 ord] to expla9 9 :at mann] we are affect$ by uni=mity & v>iety4 ,! _w we inhabit is replete ) ?+s n less rem>kable = _! v>iety ?an _! numb]4 ,^!1 unfold$ by ! wond]ful me*anism ( ext]nal s5se1 furni% ! m9d ) _m p]ceptions1 :i*1 jo9$ ) ideas ( memory1 ( imag9ation1 & ( reflection1 =m a complete tra9 t has n a gap or int]val4 ,?is tide ( objects1 9 a cont9ual flux1 is 9 a good measure indep5d5t ( w4 ,! m9d1 z has be5 obs]v$#ib1 is s con/itut$1 8,t x c by no ef=t break (f ! succession ( its ideas1 nor keep its att5tion long fixt ^u ! same object40 ,we c arre/ a p]ception 9 its c\rse2 we c %ort5 its natural duration1 to make room = ano!r2 we c v>y ! succession by *ange ( place or amusem5t2 & we c 9 "s measure prev5t v>iety1 by frequ5tly recall+ ! same object aft] %ort int]vals3 b /ill !re mu/ be a succession1 & a *ange f "o ?+ to ano!r4 ,by artificial means1 ! succession may be ret>d$ or accel]at$1 may be r5d]$ m v>i\s or m uni=m1 b 9 "o %ape or o!r is unavoidable4 ,! rate ( succession1 ev5 :5 left to its ord9>y c\rse1 is n always ! same4 ,!re are natural causes t accel]ate or ret>d x consid]ably4 ,! fir/ ,i %all m5tion dep5ds on a peculi> con/itution ( m9d4 ,"o man is di/+ui%$ f ano!r1 by no circum/ance m rem>kably ?an ! movem5t ( 8 tra9 ( p]ceptions4 ,a cold languid temp] is accompani$ ) a sl[ c\rse ( p]ceptions1 :i* occasions dulness ( appreh5sion & sluggi%ness 9 action4 ,to a w>m temp]1 on ! contr>y1 belongs a quick c\rse ( p]ceptions1 :i* occasions quickness ( appreh5sion & activity 9 bus9ess4 ,! ,asiatic nations1 ! ,*9ese especially1 are obs]v$ to be m cool & delib]ate ?an ! ,europeans3 may n ! reason be1 t heat en]vates by exhau/+ ! spirits8 ,a c]ta9 degree ( cold1 su* z is felt 9 ! middle regions ( ,europe1 by brac+ ! fibres1 r\ses ! m9d1 & produces a brisk circulation ( ?\ght1 accompani$ ) vig\r 9 action4 ,9 y\? !re is obs]vable a quick] succession ( p]ceptions1 ?an 9 old age4 ,h5ce 9 y\? a rem>kable avidity = v>iety ( amusem5ts1 :i* 9 rip] ye>s give place to m uni=m & m s$ate occupation4 ,?is qualifies m5 ( middle age = bus9ess1 :]e activity is requir$1 b ) a great] proportion ( uni=mity ?an v>iety4 ,9 old age1 a sl[ & languid succession makes v>iety unnecess>y2 & = t reason1 ! ag$1 9 all _! motions1 are g5]ally gov]n$ by an habitual uni=mity4 ,:atev] be ! cause1 we may v5ture to pron\nce1 t heat 9 ! imag9ation & temp]1 is always connect$ ) a brisk fl[ ( p]ceptions4 ,! natural rate ( succession1 dep5ds also 9 "s degree ^u ! p>ticul> p]ceptions t compose ! tra94 ,an agreeable object1 tak+ a /rong hold ( ! m9d1 occasions a sl[] succession ?an :5 ! objects are indiff]5t4 ,gr&eur & novelty fix ! att5tion = a consid]able "t1 exclud+ all o!r ideas2 & ! m9d ?us occupi$ feels no vacuity4 ,"s emotions1 by hurry+ ! m9d f object to object1 accel]ate ! succession4 ,:]e ! tra9 is compos$ ( connect$ objects1 ! succession is quick4 ,= x is s ord]$ by nature1 t ! m9d goes easily & sweetly along connect$ objects#ic4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! succession mu/ be sl[ :]e ! tra9 is compos$ ( unconnect$ objects4 ,an unconnect$ object1 f9d+ no ready access to ! m9d1 requires "t to make an impression4 ,& t x is n admitt$ )\t a /ruggle1 appe>s f ! unsettl$ /ate ( ! m9d = "s mom5ts aft] x is pres5t$1 wav]+ betwixt x & ! =m] tra94 ,dur+ ?is %ort p]iod1 "o or o!r ( ! =m] objects w intrude1 p]haps (t5] ?an once1 till ! att5tion be fixt entirely ^u ! new object4 ,! same obs]vations are applicable to ideas sugge/$ by language4 ,! m9d c be> a quick succession ( relat$ ideas4 ,b an unrelat$ idea1 = :i* ! m9d is n prep>$1 takes "t to make a di/9ct impression2 & !re=e a tra9 compos$ ( su* ideas1 ought to proce$ ) a sl[ pace4 ,h5ce an epic poem1 a play1 or any /ory connect$ 9 all its p>ts1 may be p]us$ 9 a %ort] "t1 ?an a book ( maxims or apo!gms1 ( :i* a quick succession creates bo? confusion & fatigue4 ,su* latitude ha? nature indulg$ 9 ! rate ( succession4 ,:at latitude x indulges ) respect to uni=mity we proce$ to exam9e4 ,! uni=mity or v>iety ( a tra91 s f> z compos$ ( ext]nal objects1 dep5ds on ! p>ticul> objects t surr\nd ! p]cipi5t at ! "t4 ,! pres5t occupation mu/ also h an influ5ce2 "o is sometimes engag$ 9 a multiplicity ( affairs1 sometimes altoge!r vacant4 ,a natural tra9 ( ideas ( memory is m circumscrib$1 ea* object be+ l9k$1 by "s connection1 to :at prec$es & to :at foll[s x4 ,^! connections1 :i* are _m & ( diff]5t k9ds1 af=d scope = a suffici5t degree ( v>iety2 & at ! same "t prev5t any excess t is unpleasant4 ,temp] & con/itution also h an influ5ce "h1 z well z ^u ! rate ( succession4 ,a man ( a calm & s$ate temp]1 admits n will+ly any idea b :at is regul>ly introduc$ by a prop] connection4 ,"o ( a rov+ disposition embraces ) avidity e new idea1 h[ev] sl5d] its relation be to ^? t g be=e x4 ,nei!r mu/ we ov]look ! nature ( ! p]ceptions t compose ! tra92 = _! influ5ce is n less ) respect to uni=mity & v>iety1 ?an ) respect to ! rate ( succession4 ,! m9d +ross$ by any passion1 love or hatr$1 hope or fe>1 broods ov] its object1 & c be> no int]ruption4 ,9 su* a /ate1 ! tra9 ( p]ceptions mu/ n only be sl[1 b extremely uni=m4 ,ang] newly inflam$ eag]ly grasps its object1 & leaves n a cranny 9 ! m9d = ano!r ?\ght ?an ( rev5ge4 ,9 ! "* ( ,hotspur1 ?is /ate ( m9d is repres5t$ to ! life2 a picture rem>kable = high col\r+ z well z = /rictness ( imitation3 ,worce/]4 ,peace1 c\s91 say no m4 ,& n[ ,i w unclasp a secret book1 ,& to y\r quick-conceiv+ discont5ts ,i'll read y matt]1 deep & dang]\s2 ,z full ( p]il & adv5t'r\s _s ,z to o'erwalk a curr5t1 ro>+ l\d1 ,on ! un/eadfa/ foot+ ( a spe>4 ,hotspur4 ,if he fall 91 good-night4 ,or s9k or swim1 ,s5d dang] f ! ea/ into ! we/1 ,s hon\r cross x f ! nor? to s\?2 ,& let !m grapple4 ,o6 ! blood m /irs ,to r\se a lion ?an to />t a h>e4 ,worce/]4 ,^? same ,noble ,scots1 ,t are y\r prison]s---- ,hotspur4 ,i'll keep !m all4 ,by ,heav'n1 he %all n h a ,scot ( !m3 ,no1 if a ,scot w\ld save 8 s\l1 he %all n2 ,i'll keep !m1 by ?is h&4 ,worce/]4 ,y />t away1 ,& l5d no e> unto my purposes2 ,^? pris'n]s y %all keep4 ,hotspur4 ,i w2 t's flat3 ,he said1 he w\ld n ransom ,mortim]3 ,=bad my tongue to speak ( ,mortim]3 ,b ,i w f9d him :5 he lies asleep1 ,& 9 8 e> ,i'll holla ,mortim]6 ,nay1 ,i w h a />l+ taught to speak ,no?+ b ,mortim]1 & give x him1 ,to keep 8 ang] /ill 9 motion4 ,worce/]4 ,he> y1 c\s91 a ^w4 ,hotspur4 ,all /udies "h ,i solemnly defy1 ,save h[ to gall & p9* ?is ,bol+broke3 ,& t same sword-&-buckl] ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 7,b t ,i ?9k 8 fa!r loves him n1 ,& w\ld be glad he met ) "s mis*ance71 ,i'd h him poison'd ) a pot ( ale4 ,worce/]4 ,f>ewel1 my k9sman1 ,i w talk to y1 ,:5 y are bett] temp]'d to att5d4 ,fir/ "p1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 act #a4 sc4 #d4 ,hav+ view$ a tra9 ( p]ceptions z direct$ by nature1 & ! v>iations x is susceptible ( f diff]5t necess>y causes1 we proce$ to exam9e h[ f> x is subject$ to w2 = t w ha? "s influ5ce1 m or less1 is obs]v$ above4 ,& fir/1 ! rate ( succession may be ret>d$ by insi/+ ^u "o object1 & propell$ by dismiss+ ano!r be=e its "t4 ,b su* volunt>y mutations 9 ! natural c\rse ( succession1 h limits t _c be ext5d$ by ! mo/ pa9ful ef=ts4 ,! m9d circumscrib$ 9 its capacity1 _c1 at ! same in/ant1 admit _m p]ceptions2 & :5 replete1 x has no place = new p]ceptions till o!rs be remov$4 ,= ?is reason1 a volunt>y *ange ( p]ceptions _c be in/antane\s2 & ! "t x requires sets b\nds to ! velocity ( succession4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! p[] we h to arre/ a fly+ p]ception1 is equally limit$4 ,! long] we deta9 any p]ception1 ! m difficulty we f9d 9 ! op]ation2 till1 ! difficulty becom+ unsurm\ntable1 we are =c$ to quit our hold1 & to p]mit ! tra9 to take its usual c\rse4 ,! p[] we h ov] ?is tra9 z to uni=mity & v>iety1 is 9 "s cases v great1 9 o!rs v little4 ,a tra9 s f> z compos$ ( ext]nal objects1 dep5ds entirely on ! place we occupy1 & admits n m or less v>iety b by *ange ( place4 ,a tra9 compos$ ( ideas ( memmory1 is /ill less "u our p[]4 ,objects :i* are connect$1 af=d ! m9d an easy passage f "o to ano!r4 ,!y sugge/ ea* o!r 9 idea by ! same means2 & we _c at w call up any idea t is n connect$ ) ! tra9#id4 ,b a tra9 ( ideas sugge/$ by read+1 may be v>i$ at w1 provid$ we h books 9 /ore4 ,?is p[] :i* nature ha? giv5 u ov] our tra9 ( p]ceptions1 may be greatly /r5g!n$ by prop] discipl9e1 & by an e>ly application to bus9ess4 ,its improv$ /r5g? is rem>kable 9 ^? :o h a /rong g5ius = ! ma!matics3 nor less rem>kable 9 p]sons devot$ to religi\s ex]cises1 :o pass :ole days 9 contemplation1 & impose ^u !mselves long & sev]e p5ances4 ,x is n to be conceiv$1 :at l5g? a habit ( activity 9 affairs w c>ry "s m54 ,let a /rang]1 or let any p]son to :om ! sight is n famili>1 att5d ! ,*ancellor ( ,great ,brita9 ?r\gh ! lab\rs b ( "o day1 dur+ a session ( p>liam5t3 h[ great w be 8 a/oni%m5t6 :at multiplicity ( law-bus9ess1 :at deep ?9k+1 & :at elaborate application to matt]s ( gov]nm5t6 ,! tra9 ( p]ceptions mu/ 9 ?is great man be accel]at$ f> beyond ! common c\rse ( nature4 ,yet no confusion nor hurry2 b 9 e article ! greate/ ord] & accuracy4 ,su* is ! =ce ( habit6 ,h[ happy is man1 to h ! comm& ( a pr9ciple ( action1 t c elevate him s f> above ! ord9>y condition ( humanity#ie6 ,we are n[ ripe = consid]+ a tra9 ( p]ceptions ) respect to pleasure & pa93 & to ?is speculation we mu/ give peculi> att5tion1 because x s]ves to expla9 ! effects t uni=mity & v>iety h ^u ! m9d4 ,a man is always 9 a pleasant /ate ( m9d1 :5 8 p]ceptions fl[ 9 _! natural c\rse4 ,he feels himself free1 light1 & easy1 especially aft] any =cible accel]ation or ret>dation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! resi/ance felt 9 ret>d+ or accel]at+ ! natural c\rse1 excites a pa91 :i*1 ?\gh sc>cely felt 9 small removes1 becomes consid]able t[>d ! extremes4 ,an av]sion to fix on any s+le object = a long "t1 or to take 9 a multiplicity ( objects 9 a %ort "t1 is rem>kable 9 *ildr52 & equally s 9 m5 unaccu/om$ to bus9ess4 ,a man langui%es :5 ! succession is v sl[2 &1 if he gr[ n impati5t1 is apt to fall asleep4 ,dur+ a rapid succession1 he ha? a feel+ z if 8 head 7 turn+ r\nd4 ,he is fatigu$1 & 8 pa9 resembles t ( we>9ess aft] bodily lab\r4 ,ext]nal objects1 :5 !y occasion a v sl[ or a v quick succession1 produce a pa9 ( ! same sort ) :at x felt 9 a volunt>y ret>dation or accel]ation3 :i* %[s t ! pa9 proce$s n f ! viol5ce ( ! action1 b f ! ret>dation or accel]ation itself1 di/urb+ t free & easy c\rse ( succession :i* is naturally pleasant4 ,b ! m9d is n satisfi$ ) a mod]ate c\rse alone3 its p]ceptions mu/ also be suffici5tly div]sifi$4 ,numb] )\t v>iety con/itutes n an agreeable tra94 ,9 comp>+ a few objects1 uni=mity is agreeable3 b ! frequ5t reit]ation ( uni=m objects becomes unpleasant4 ,"o tires ( a sc5e t is n div]sifi$2 & soon feels a sort ( unnatural re/ra9t :5 conf9$ )9 a n>r[ range1 :e!r occasion$ by a ret>d$ succession or by too great uni=mity4 ,an excess 9 v>iety is1 on ! o!r h&1 fatigu+4 ,?is is ev5 p]ceptible 9 a tra9 compos$ ( relat$ objects3 mu* m :]e ! objects are unrelat$2 = an object1 unconnect$ ) ! =m] tra91 ga9s n admittance )\t ef=t2 & ?is ef=t1 ?\gh sc>ce p]ceptible 9 a s+le in/ance1 becomes by frequ5t reit]ation exce$+ pa9ful4 ,:atev] be ! cause1 ! fact is c]ta91 t a man nev] f9ds himself m at ease1 ?an :5 8 p]ceptions succe$ ea* o!r ) a c]ta9 degree1 n only ( velocity1 b also ( v>iety4 ,h5ce x proce$s1 t a tra9 consi/+ entirely ( ideas ( memory1 is nev] pa9ful by too great v>iety2 because su* ideas are n introduc$ o!rwise ?an accord+ to _! natural connections#if4 ,! pleasure ( a tra9 ( ideas1 is ! mo/ rem>kable 9 a rev]ie2 especially :]e ! imag9ation int]poses1 & is active 9 co9+ new ideas1 :i* is done ) wond]ful facility4 ,"o mu/ be s5sible1 t ! s]5ity & ease ( ! m9d 9 ?is /ate1 makes a great "p ( ! enjoym5t4 ,! case is diff]5t :]e ext]nal objects ent] into ! tra92 = ^!1 mak+ _! appe>ance )\t any ord]1 & )\t any connection save t ( contiguity1 =m a tra9 ( p]ceptions t may be extremely uni=m or extremely div]sifi$2 :i*1 = opposite reasons1 are bo? ( !m pa9ful4 ,any accel]ation or ret>dation ( ! natural run ( p]ceptions1 is pa9ful ev5 :]e x is volunt>y4 ,& x is equally pa9ful to alt] t degree ( v>iety :i* nature requires4 ,contemplation1 :5 ! m9d is long atta*$ to "o ?+1 soon becomes pa9ful by re/ra9+ ! free range ( p]ception4 ,curiosity & ! prospect ( advantage f useful discov]ies1 may engage a man to prosecute 8 /udies1 not)/&+ ! pa9 !y give him2 & a habit ( close att5tion1 =m$ by frequ5t ex]cise1 may s(t5 ! pa94 ,b x is deeply felt by ! bulk ( mank9d1 & produce? 9 !m an av]sion to all ab/ract sci5ces4 ,9 any pr(ession or call+1 a tra9 ( op]ation t is simple & reit]at$ )\t int]mission1 makes ! op]ator langui%1 & lose 8 vigor4 ,he compla9s nei!r ( too great lab\r nor ( too little action2 b regrets ! want ( v>iety1 & 8 be+ oblig$ to d ! same ?+ ov] & ov]4 ,:]e ! op]ation is suffici5tly v>i$1 ! m9d reta9s its vigor1 & is pleas$ ) its condition4 ,actions aga9 create an uneas9ess :5 excessive 9 numb] or v>iety1 ?\gh 9 e o!r respect agreeable4 ,?is uneas9ess is extremely rem>kable1 :]e /rict att5tion mu/ be giv51 at ! same "t1 to a numb] ( diff]5t ?+s4 ,?us a ?rong ( bus9ess 9 law1 9 physic1 or 9 traffick1 di/resse? & di/racts ! m9d1 unless :]e a habit ( application is acquir$ by long & con/ant ex]cise4 ,! excessive v>iety is ! di/ress+ circum/ance2 & ! m9d suff]s griev\sly by be+ kept con/antly ^u ! /ret*4 ,) relation to involunt>y causes di/urb+ t degree ( v>iety :i* nature requires1 a slight pa9 affect+ "o "p ( ! body )\t v>iation1 becomes1 by its con/ancy & long duration1 almo/ insupportable4 ,! pati5t1 s5sible t ! pa9 is n increas$ 9 degree1 compla9s ( its con/ancy m ?an ( its sev]ity1 t x +rosses 8 :ole ?\ghts1 & gives admission to no o!r object4 ,pa91 ( all feel+s1 seizes ! att5tion ) ! greate/ =ce2 & ! m9d1 aft] fruitless ef=ts to turn its view to objects m agreeable1 mu/ ab&on itself to its torm5tor4 ,a %ift+ pa9 gives less uneas9ess1 because *ange ( place contributes to v>iety4 ,an int]mitt+ pa91 suff]+ o!r objects to int]v5e1 is n increas$ by reit]ation4 ,aga91 any s+le col\r or s\nd (t5 return+1 becomes disagreeable2 z may be obs]v$ 9 view+ a tra9 ( simil> ap>tm5ts pa9t$ ) ! same col\r1 & 9 he>+ ! prolong$ toll+s ( a bell4 ,col\r & s\nd v>i$ )9 c]ta9 limits1 ?\gh )\t any ord]1 are agreeable2 witness a field v>iegat$ ) _m col\rs ( plants & fl[]s1 & ! v>i\s notes ( birds 9 a ?icket4 ,increase ! numb] or v>iety1 & ! feel+ becomes unpleasant4 ,?us a great v>iety ( col\rs1 cr[d$ ^u a small canvas or 9 quick succession1 create an uneasy feel+1 :i* is prev5t$ by putt+ ! col\rs at a great] di/ance ei!r ( place or "t4 ,a numb] ( voices 9 a cr[d$ assembly1 a numb] ( animals collect$ 9 a m>ket1 produce an unpleasant emotion2 ?\gh a few ( !m toge!r1 or all ( !m 9 a mod]ate succession1 w\ld be agreeable4 ,& because ( ! same excess 9 v>iety1 a numb] ( pa9s felt 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! body1 at ! same in/ant or 9 a rapid succession1 make an exquisite torture4 ,! =ego+ doctr9e conc]n+ ! tra9 ( p]ceptions1 & ! pleasure or pa9 result+ f t tra9 9 diff]5t circum/ances1 w be confirm$ by att5d+ to ! f9al cause ( ^! effects4 ,& z ,i am s5sible t ! m9d1 inflam$ ) speculations ( ?is k9d s highly int]e/+1 is beyond measure dispos$ to conviction1 ,i %all be wat*ful to admit no argum5t nor rem>k b :at appe>s solidly f\nd$4 ,) ?is caution ,i proce$ to ! inquiry4 ,x is occasionally obs]v$ above1 t p]sons ( a phlegmatic temp]am5t1 hav+ a sluggi% tra9 ( p]ceptions1 are indispos$ to action2 & t activity con/antly accompanies a brisk motion ( p]ceptions4 ,to asc]ta9 ?is fact1 a man ne$ n g abroad = exp]im5ts4 ,reflect+ ^u ?+s pass+ 9 8 own m9d1 he w f9d1 t a brisk circulation ( ?\ght con/antly prompts him to action2 & t he is av]se to action :5 8 p]ceptions langui% 9 _! c\rse4 ,b man by nature is =m$ = action1 & he mu/ be active 9 ord] to be happy4 ,nature !re=e ha? k9dly provid$ aga9/ indol5ce1 by annex+ pleasure to a mod]ate c\rse ( p]ceptions1 & by mak+ e rem>kable ret>dation pa9ful4 ,a sl[ c\rse ( p]ceptions is att5d$ ) ano!r bad effect4 ,man 9 a few capital cases is gov]n$ by prop5sity or in/9ct2 b 9 matt]s t admit delib]ation & *oice1 reason is assign$ him = a guide4 ,n[1 z reason+ requires (t5 a great compass ( ideas1 _! succession ought to be s quick1 z readily to furni% e motive t may be necess>y = mature delib]ation4 ,9 a languid succession1 motives w (t5 occur aft] action is comm5c$1 :5 x is too late to retreat4 ,nature ha? gu>d$ man1 h] fav\rite1 aga9/ a succession too rapid1 n less c>efully ?an aga9/ "o too sl[4 ,bo? are equally pa9ful1 ?\gh ! pa9 is n ! same 9 bo?4 ,_m are ! good effects ( ?is contrivance4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z ! bodily faculties are by c]ta9 pa9ful s5sations conf9$ )9 prop] limits1 beyond :i* x w\ld be dang]\s to /ra9 ! t5d] organs1 ,nature1 9 l mann]1 is equally provid5t ) respect to ! nobl] faculties ( ! m9d4 ,?us ! pa9 ( an accel]at$ c\rse ( p]ceptions1 is ,nature's admonition to relax our pace1 & to admit a m g5tle ex]tion ( ?\ght4 ,ano!r valuable purpose may be ga!r$1 f consid]+ 9 :at mann] objects are impr9t$ ^u ! m9d4 ,to make su* an impression z to give ! memory fa/ hold ( ! object1 "t is requir$1 ev5 :]e att5tion is ! greate/2 & a mod]ate degree ( att5tion1 :i* is ! common case1 mu/ be cont9u$ /ill long] to produce ! same effect4 ,a rapid succession !n mu/ prev5t objects f mak+ impressions s deep z to be ( real s]vice 9 life2 & ,nature accord+ly = ! sake ( memory1 has by a pa9ful feel+ gu>d$ aga9/ a rapid succession4 ,b a /ill m valuable purpose is answ]$ by ?is contrivance4 ,z1 on ! "o h&1 a sluggi% c\rse ( p]ceptions indispose? to action2 s1 on ! o!r1 a c\rse too rapid impels to ra% & precipitant action4 ,prud5t conduct is ! *ild ( delib]ation & cle> conception1 = :i* !re is no place 9 a rapid c\rse ( ?\ght4 ,nature !re=e1 tak+ measures = prud5t conduct1 has gu>d$ u effectually f precipitancy ( ?\ght1 by mak+ x pa9ful4 ,nature n only provides aga9/ a succession too sl[ or too quick1 b makes ! middle c\rse extremely pleasant4 ,nor is ?is middle c\rse conf9$ )9 n>r[ b\nds4 ,e man c naturally )\t pa9 accel]ate or ret>d 9 "s degree ! rate ( 8 p]ceptions2 & he c d ?is 9 a /ill great] degree by ! =ce ( habit4 ,?us a habit ( contemplation annihilates ! pa9 ( a ret>d$ c\rse ( p]ceptions2 & a busy life1 aft] long practice1 makes accel]ation pleasant4 ,conc]n+ ! f9al cause ( our ta/e = v>iety1 x w be consid]$1 t human affairs1 complex by v>iety z well z numb]1 require ! di/ribut+ our att5tion & activity1 9 measure & proportion4 ,nature !re=e1 to secure a j di/ribution correspond+ to ! v>iety ( human affairs1 has made too great uni=mity or too great v>iety 9 ! c\rse ( our p]ceptions equally unpleasant4 ,& inde$1 7 we addict$ to ei!r extreme1 our int]nal con/itution w\ld be ill suit$ to our ext]nal circum/ances4 ,at ! same "t1 :]e a frequ5t reit]ation ( ! same op]ation is requir$1 z 9 sev]al manufactures1 or a quick circulation1 z 9 law or physic1 ,nature1 att5tive to all our wants1 ha? also provid$ = ^! cases4 ,%e ha? implant$ 9 ! brea/ ( e p]son1 an efficaci\s pr9ciple1 :i* leads to habit4 ,by an ob/9ate p]sev]ance 9 ! same occupation1 ! pa9 ( excessive uni=mity vani%e?2 & by ! l p]sev]ance 9 a quick circulation ( diff]5t occupations1 ! pa9 ( excessive v>iety vani%e?4 ,& ?us we come to take delight 9 sev]al occupations1 t by nature1 )\t habit1 are n a little disgu/ful4 ,a middle rate also 9 our tra9 ( p]ceptions betwixt uni=mity & v>iety1 is n less pleasant1 ?an betwixt quickness & sl[ness4 ,! m9d ( man ?us con/itut$1 is wond]fully adapt$ to ! c\rse ( human affairs1 :i* are cont9ually *ang+1 b n )\t connection4 ,x is equally adapt$ to ! acquisition ( k1 :i* results *iefly f discov]+ resemblances among diff]+ objects1 & diff]5ces among resembl+ objects4 ,su* occupation1 ev5 ab/ract+ f ! k we acquire1 is 9 itself delightful1 by pres]v+ a middle rate betwixt too great uni=mity & too great v>iety4 ,we are n[ arriv$ at ! *ief purpose ( ! pres5t *apt]2 & t is to exam9e h[ f> uni=mity or v>iety ought to be /udi$ 9 ! f9e arts4 ,& ! k we h obta9$1 w ev5 at fir/ view sugge/ a g5]al obs]vation1 ,t 9 e "w ( art1 x mu/ be agreeable to f9d t degree ( v>iety :i* corresponds to ! natural c\rse ( our p]ceptions2 & t an excess 9 v>iety or 9 uni=mity1 mu/ be disagreeable by v>y+ t natural c\rse4 ,= ?is reason1 works ( art admit m or less v>iety accord+ to ! nature ( ! subject4 ,9 a picture t /rongly atta*es ! spectator to a s+le object1 ! m9d reli%e? n a multiplicity ( figures or ( ornam5ts4 ,a picture aga9 repres5t+ a gay subject1 admits great v>iety ( figures & ornam5ts2 because ^! are agreeable to ! m9d 9 a *e>ful tone4 ,! same obs]vation is applicable to poetry & to music4 ,x mu/ at ! same "t be rem>k$1 t "o c be> a great] v>iety ( natural objects ?an ( objects 9 a picture2 & a great] v>iety 9 a picture ?an 9 a description4 ,a real object pres5t$ to ! view1 makes an impression m readily ?an :5 repres5t$ 9 col\rs1 & mu* m readily ?an :5 repres5t$ 9 words4 ,h5ce x is1 t ! pr(use v>iety ( objects 9 "s natural l&scapes1 nei!r bre$ confusion nor fatigue4 ,& = ! same reason1 !re is place = great] v>iety ( ornam5t 9 a picture1 ?an 9 a poem4 ,f ^! g5]al obs]vations ,i proce$ to p>ticul>s4 ,9 works expos$ cont9ually to public view1 v>iety ought to be /udi$4 ,x is a rule accord+ly 9 sculpture1 to contra/ ! diff]5t limbs ( a /atue1 9 ord] to give x all ! v>iety possible4 ,?\gh ! cone 9 a s+le view be m beautiful ?an ! pyramid2 yet a pyramidal /eeple1 because ( its v>iety1 is ju/ly pref]r$4 ,= ! same reason1 ! oval 9 compositions is pref]r$ be=e ! circle2 & pa9t]s1 9 copy+ build+s or any regul> "w1 endeav\r to give an air ( v>iety by repres5t+ ! subject 9 an angul> view3 we are pleas$ ) ! v>iety )\t los+ sight ( ! regul>ity4 ,9 a l&scape repres5t+ animals1 ^? especially ( ! same k9d1 contra/ ought to prevail4 ,to draw "o sleep+ ano!r awake1 "o sitt+ ano!r 9 motion1 "o mov+ t[>d ! spectator ano!r f him1 is ! life ( su* a p]=mance4 ,9 e sort ( writ+ int5d$ = amusem5t1 v>iety is necess>y 9 proportion to ! l5g? ( ! "w4 ,want ( v>iety is s5sibly felt 9 ,davila's hi/ory ( ! civil w>s ( ,france4 ,! ev5ts are inde$ important & v>i\s3 b ! read] langui%e? by a tiresome uni=mity ( "*2 e p]son engag$ be+ figur$ a consummate politician1 gov]n$ by int]e/ only4 ,x is h>d to say1 :e!r ,ovid disgu/s m by too great v>iety or too great uni=mity4 ,8 /ories are all ( ! same k9d1 conclud+ inv>iably ) ! trans=mation ( "o be+ into ano!r4 ,s f> he is tiresome ) excess 9 uni=mity4 ,he also fatigues ) excess 9 v>iety1 by hurry+ 8 read] incessantly f /ory to /ory4 ,ario/o is /ill m fatigu+ ?an ,ovid1 by exce$+ ! j b\nds ( v>iety4 ,n satisfi$1 l ,ovid1 ) a succession 9 8 /ories1 he di/racts ! read] by jumbl+ toge!r a multitude ( unconnect$ ev5ts4 ,nor is ! ,orl&o ,furioso less tiresome by its uni=mity ?an ! ,metamorphoses1 ?\gh 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,aft] a /ory is br\ght to a crisis1 ! read]1 int5t ^u ! cata/rophe1 is sudd5ly snat*$ away to a new /ory1 :i* is little reg>d$ s long z ! m9d is occupi$ ) ! =m]4 ,?is tantaliz+ me?od1 f :i* ! au?or nev] once sw]ves dur+ ! c\rse ( a long "w1 beside its uni=mity1 ha? ano!r bad effect3 x prev5ts t sympa?y :i* is rais$ by an int]e/+ ev5t :5 ! read] meets ) no int]ruption4 ,! emotions produc$ by our p]ceptions 9 a tra91 h be5 little consid]$1 & less und]/ood4 ,! subject !re=e requir$ an elaborate discussion4 ,x may surprise "s read]s1 to f9d v>iety treat$ z only contribut+ to make a tra9 ( p]ceptions pleasant1 :5 x is commonly held to be a necess>y +r$i5t 9 beauty ( :atev] k9d2 accord+ to ! def9ition1 8,t beauty consi/s 9 uni=mity amid/ v>iety40 ,b aft] ! subject is expla9$ & illu/rat$ z above1 ,i presume x w be evid5t1 t ?is def9ition1 h[ev] applicable to "o or o!r species1 is f> f be+ j ) respect to beauty 9 g5]al4 ,v>iety contributes no %>e to ! beauty ( a moral action1 nor ( a ma!matical !orem2 & numb]less are ! beautiful objects ( sight t h little or no v>iety 9 !m4 ,a globe1 ! mo/ uni=m ( all figures1 is ( all ! mo/ beautiful2 & a squ>e1 ?\gh m beautiful ?an a trapezium1 ha? less v>iety 9 its con/itu5t p>ts4 ,! =ego+ def9ition1 :i* at be/ is b obscurely express$1 is only applicable to a numb] ( objects 9 a gr\p or 9 succession1 among :i* inde$ a due mixture ( uni=mity & v>iety is always agreeable1 provid$ ! p>ticul> objects1 sep>ately consid]$1 be 9 any degree beautiful4 ,uni=mity amid/ v>iety among ugly objects1 af=ds no pleasure4 ,?is circum/ance is totally omitt$ 9 ! def9ition2 & inde$ to h m5tion$ x1 w\ld at fir/ glance %[ ! def9ition to be imp]fect4 ,to def9e beauty z aris+ f beautiful objects bl5d$ toge!r 9 a due proportion ( uni=mity & v>iety1 w\ld be too gross to pass curr5t2 z no?+ c be m gross1 ?an to employ 9 a def9ition ! v t]m t is propos$ to be expla9$4 ,,app5dix to ,*ap4 ,,ix4 ,conc]n+ ! works ( nature4 ,9 natural objects1 :e!r we reg>d _! int]nal or ext]nal /ructure1 beauty & design are equally conspicu\s4 ,we %all beg9 ) ! outside ( nature1 z :at fir/ pres5ts itself4 ,! figure ( an organic body1 is g5]ally regul>4 ,! trunk ( a tree1 its bran*es1 & _! ramifications1 are ne>ly r\nd1 & =m a s]ies regul>ly decreas+ f ! trunk to ! smalle/ fibre4 ,uni=mity is no :]e m rem>kable ?an 9 ! leaves1 :i*1 9 ! same species1 h all ! same col\r1 size1 & %ape4 ,! se$s & fruits are all regul> figures1 approa*+ = ! mo/ "p to ! globul> =m4 ,h5ce a plant1 especially ( ! l>g] k9d1 ) its trunk1 bran*es1 foliage1 & fruit1 is a delightful object4 ,9 an animal1 ! trunk1 :i* is mu* l>g] ?an ! o!r p>ts1 occupies a *ief place4 ,its %ape1 l t ( ! /em ( plants1 is ne>ly r\nd2 a figure :i* ( all is ! mo/ agreeable4 ,its two sides are precisely simil>4 ,sev]al ( ! "u p>ts g (f 9 pairs2 & ! two individuals ( ea* pair are accurately uni=m4 ,! s+le p>ts are plac$ 9 ! middle4 ,! limbs1 be>+ a c]ta9 proportion to ! trunk1 s]ve to support x1 & to give x a prop] elevation4 ,^u "o extremity are dispos$ ! neck & head1 9 ! direction ( ! trunk4 ,! head be+ ! *ief "p1 possesses ) great propriety ! *ief place4 ,h5ce1 ! beauty ( ! :ole figure1 is ! result ( _m equal & proportional p>ts ord]ly dispos$2 & ! smalle/ v>iation 9 numb]1 equality1 proportion1 or ord]1 nev] fails to produce a p]ception ( ugl9ess & de=mity4 ,nature 9 no p>ticul> seems m pr(use ( ornam5t1 ?an 9 ! beautiful col\r+ ( h] works4 ,! fl[]s ( plants1 ! furs ( bea/s1 & ! fea!rs ( birds1 vie ) ea* o!r 9 ! beauty ( _! col\rs1 :i* 9 lu/re z well z 9 h>mony are beyond ! p[] ( imitation4 ,( all natural appe>ances1 ! col\r+ ( ! human face is ! mo/ exquisite4 ,x is ! /ronge/ in/ance ( ! ineffable art ( nature1 9 adapt+ & proportion+ its col\rs to ! magnitude1 figure1 & position1 ( ! p>ts4 ,9 a ^w1 col\r seems to live 9 nature only1 & to langui% "u ! f9e/ t\*es ( art4 ,:5 we exam9e ! int]nal /ructure ( a plant or animal1 a wond]ful subtility ( me*anism is display$4 ,man1 9 8 me*anical op]ations1 is conf9$ to ! surface ( bodies4 ,b ! op]ations ( nature are ex]t$ ?r\gh ! :ole sub/ance1 s z to rea* ev5 ! elem5t>y p>ts4 ,?us ! body ( an animal1 & ( a plant1 are compos$ ( c]ta9 great vessels2 ^! ( small]2 & ^! aga9 ( /ill small]1 )\t end s f> we c discov]4 ,?is p[] ( diffus+ me*anism ?r\gh ! mo/ intimate p>ts1 is peculi> to nature2 & di/+ui%es h] op]ations1 mo/ rem>kably1 f e "w ( art4 ,su* texture1 cont9u$ f ! gross] p>ts to ! mo/ m9ute1 pres]ves all along ! /ricte/ regul>ity4 ,! fibres ( plants are a bundle ( cyl9dric canals1 ly+ 9 ! same direction1 & p>allel or ne>ly p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,9 "s in/ances1 a mo/ accurate arrangem5t ( p>ts is discov]$1 z 9 onions1 =m$ ( conc5tric coats "o )9 ano!r to ! v c5tre4 ,an animal body is /ill m admirable1 9 ! disposition ( its int]nal p>ts1 & 9 _! ord] & symmetry4 ,!re is n a bone1 a muscle1 a blood-vessel1 a n]ve1 t ha? n "o correspond+ to x on ! opposite side ( ! animal2 & ! same ord] is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! mo/ m9ute p>ts4 ,! lungs are compos$ ( two p>ts1 :i* are dispos$ ^u ! sides ( ! ?orax2 & ! kidneys1 9 a l[] situation1 h a position n less ord]ly4 ,z to ! p>ts t are s+le1 ! he>t is advantage\sly situat$ nigh ! middle4 ,! liv]1 /oma*1 & sple51 are dispos$ 9 ! upp] region ( ! abdom51 ab\t ! same height3 ! bladd] is plac$ 9 ! middle ( ! body2 z well z ! inte/9al canal1 :i* fills ! :ole cavity by its convolutions4 ,! me*anical p[] ( nature1 n conf9$ to small bodies1 rea*e? equally ^? ( ! greate/ size2 witness ! bodies t compose ! sol> sy/em1 :i*1 h[ev] l>ge1 are weigh$1 measur$1 & subject$ to c]ta9 laws1 ) ! utmo/ accuracy4 ,_! places ar\nd ! sun1 ) _! di/ances1 are det]m9$ by a precise rule1 correspond+ to _! quantities ( matt]4 ,! sup]ior dignity ( ! c5tral body1 9 respect ( its bulk & lucid appe>ance1 is suit$ to ! place x occupies4 ,! globul> figure ( ^! bodies1 is n only 9 itself beautiful1 b is above all o!rs fitt$ = regul> motion4 ,ea* planet revolves ab\t its own axis 9 a giv5 "t2 & ea* moves r\nd ! sun1 9 an orbit ne>ly circul>1 & 9 a "t proportion$ to its di/ance4 ,_! velocities1 direct$ by an e/abli%$ law1 are p]petually *ang+ by regul> accel]ations & ret>dations4 ,9 f9e1 ! great v>iety ( regul> appe>ances1 jo9$ ) ! beauty ( ! sy/em itself1 _c fail to produce ! highe/ delight 9 e p]son :o c ta/e design1 p[]1 or beauty4 ,nature ha? a wond]ful p[] ( connect+ sy/ems ) ea* o!r1 & ( propagat+ t connection ?r\gh all h] works4 ,?us ! con/itu5t p>ts ( a plant1 ! roots1 ! /em1 ! bran*es1 ! leaves1 ! fruit1 are really diff]5t sy/ems1 unit$ by a mutual dep5d5ce on ea* o!r4 ,?us 9 an animal1 ! lymphatic & lacteal ducts1 ! blood-vessels & n]ves1 ! muscles & gl&s1 ! bones & c>tilages1 ! membranes & visc]a1 ) ! o!r organs1 =m di/9ct sy/ems1 :i* are unit$ into "o :ole4 ,!re are1 at ! same "t1 o!r connections less intimate4 ,?us e plant is jo9$ to ! e>? by its roots2 x requires ra9 & dews to furni% x ) juices2 & x requires heat to pres]ve ^! juices 9 fluidity & motion4 ,?us e animal1 by its gravity1 is connect$ ) ! e>?1 ) ! elem5t 9 :i* x brea!s1 & ) ! sun1 by d]iv+ f x *]i%+ & enliv5+ heat4 ,! e>? furni%e? alim5t to plants1 ^! to animals1 & ^! aga9 to o!r animals1 9 a long tra9 ( dep5d5ce4 ,t ! e>? is "p ( a great] sy/em1 compreh5d+ _m bodies mutually attract+ ea* o!r1 & gravitat+ all t[>d "o common c5tre1 is n[ ?or\ghly explor$4 ,su* a regul> & uni=m s]ies ( connections1 propagat$ ?r\gh s great a numb] ( be+s & ?r\gh su* wide spaces1 is wond]ful3 & our wond] mu/ increase1 :5 we obs]ve ?is connection propagat$ f ! m9ute/ atoms to bodies ( ! mo/ enorm\s size1 & widely diffus$1 s z t we c nei!r p]ceive its beg9n+ nor its end4 ,t x do? n t]m9ate )9 our own planet>y sy/em1 is c]ta94 ,! connection is diffus$ ov] spaces /ill m remote1 :]e new bodies & sy/ems rise to our view1 )\t end4 ,all space is fill$ ) ! works ( ,god1 :i*1 be+ ! op]ation ( "o h&1 are =m$ by "o plan1 to answ] "o great end4 ,b ! mo/ wond]ful connection ( all1 ?\gh n ! mo/ conspicu\s1 is t ( our int]nal frame ) ! works ( nature4 ,man is obvi\sly fitt$ = contemplat+ ^! works1 because 9 ?is contemplation he has great delight4 ,! works ( nature are rem>kable 9 _! uni=mity n less ?an 9 _! v>iety2 & ! m9d ( man is fitt$ to receive pleasure equally f bo?4 ,uni=mity & v>iety are int]wov5 9 ! works ( nature ) surpris+ art4 ,v>iety1 h[ev] great1 is nev] )\t "s degree ( uni=mity2 nor ! greate/ uni=mity1 )\t "s degree ( v>iety4 ,!re is great v>iety 9 ! same plant1 by ! diff]5t appe>ances ( its /em1 bran*es1 leaves1 blossoms1 fruit1 size1 & col\r2 & yet :5 we trace ?is v>iety ?r\gh diff]5t plants1 especially ( ! same k9d1 !re is discov]$ a surpris+ uni=mity4 ,aga91 :]e nature seems to h int5d$ ! mo/ exact uni=mity1 z among individuals ( ! same k9d1 !re /ill appe>s a div]sity1 :i* s]ves readily to di/+ui% "o individual f ano!r4 ,x is inde$ admirable1 t ! human visage1 9 :i* uni=mity is s preval5t1 %\ld yet be s m>k$ z to leave no room = mi/ak+ "o p]son = ano!r4 ,! diff]5ce1 ?\gh cle>ly p]ceiv$1 is (t5 s m9ute z to g beyond ! rea* ( description4 ,a correspond5ce s p]fect betwixt ! human m9d & ! works ( nature1 is extremely rem>kable4 ,! opposition betwixt v>iety & uni=mity is s great1 t "o w\ld n readily imag9e !y c\ld bo? be reli%$ by ! same palate2 at lea/ n 9 ! same object1 nor at ! same "t4 ,x is h[ev] true1 t ! pleasures !y af=d1 be+ happily adju/$ to ea* o!r1 & readily mix+ 9 intimate union1 are frequ5tly produc$ 9 p]fection by ! same individual object4 ,nay fur!r1 9 ! objects t t\* u ! mo/1 uni=mity & v>iety are con/antly comb9$2 witness natural objects1 :]e ?is comb9ation is always f\nd 9 p]fection4 ,x is = t reason1 t natural objects readily =m !mselves into gr\ps1 & are agreeable 9 :atev] mann] comb9$3 a wood ) its trees1 %rubs1 & h]bs1 is agreeable3 ! music ( birds1 ! l[+ ( cattle1 & ! murmur+ ( a brook1 are 9 conjunction delightful2 ?\gh !y /rike ! e> )\t modulation or h>mony4 ,9 %ort1 no?+ c be m happily accommodat$ to ! inw>d con/itution ( man1 ?an t mixture ( uni=mity ) v>iety :i* ! eye discov]s 9 natural objects4 ,& accord+ly1 ! m9d is nev] m highly gratifi$ ?an 9 contemplat+ a natural l&scape4 ,end ( ! ,,fir/ ,,volume4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,see ! ,app5dix1 #ac4 #b ,du ,bos judici\sly obs]ves1 t sil5ce do? n t5d to calm an agitat$ m9d2 b t s(t & sl[ music ha? a f9e effect4 #c ,a ta/e = natural objects is born ) u 9 p]fection4 ,to reli% a f9e c\nt5ance1 a ri* l&scape1 or a vivid col\r1 culture is unnecess>y4 ,! obs]vation holds equally 9 natural s\nds1 su* z ! s++ ( birds1 or ! murmur+ ( a brook4 ,nature "h1 ! artific] ( ! object z well z ( ! p]cipi5t1 ha? suit$ !m to ea* o!r ) great accuracy4 ,b ( a poem1 a cantata1 a picture1 & o!r artificial productions1 a true reli% is n commonly atta9$ )\t /udy & practice4 #d 8,?\gh logic may subsi/ )\t rhetoric or poetry1 yet s necess>y to ^! la/ is a s\nd & correct logic1 t )\t x !y are no bett] ?an w>bl+ trifles40 ,h]mes1 p4 #f4 #e ,g5ius is alli$ to a w>m & inflammable con/itution1 delicacy ( ta/e to calmness & s$at5ess4 ,h5ce x is common to f9d g5ius 9 "o :o is a prey to e passion2 :i* c sc>ce happ5 ) respect to delicacy ( ta/e4 ,^u a man possess$ ( ?is bless+1 ! moral duties1 z well z ! f9e arts1 make a deep impression1 s z to c\nt]balance e irregul> desire4 ,& ev5 suppos+ a /rong temptation1 x c take no fa/ hold ( a calm & s$ate temp]4 #f ,= h[ %\ld ?is be done8 ,:at object is x t we are to call up8 ,if ?is "q c be answ]$1 ! object is already 9 ! m9d1 & !re is no occasion to ex]t ! p[]4 ,if ! "q _c be answ]$1 ,i next dem&1 h[ x is possible t a volunt>y p[] c be ex]t$ )\t any view ( an object to ex]t x ^u8 ,we _c =m a conception ( su* a ?+4 ,?is argum5t appe>s to me satisfactory3 if x ne$ confirmation1 ,i urge exp]i5ce4 ,:oev] makes a trial w f9d1 t objects are l9k$ toge!r 9 ! m9d1 =m+ a connect$ *a92 & t we h n ! comm& ( any object indep5d5t ( ! *a94 #g ,a tra9 ( p]ceptions or ideas1 ) respect to its uni=mity & v>iety1 is h&l$ aft]w>d1 *ap4 #i4 #h ,lib4 #b4 ode #ac4 #i ,l94 #bca4 #aj ,l94 #acf4 #aa ,l94 #dge4 #ab ,lib4 #d4 l94 #agc4 #ac ,"p #a4 sect4 #d4 #ad ,introduction4 #ae ,introduction4 #af ,9 trac+ our emotions & passions to _! orig91 x once 0 my op9ion1 t qualities & actions are ! prim>y causes ( emotions2 & t ^! emotions are aft]w>d exp&$ ^u ! be+ to :i* ^! qualities & actions belong4 ,b ,i h discov]$ t op9ion to be errone\s4 ,an attribute is n1 ev5 9 imag9ation1 sep>able f ! be+ to :i* x belongs2 & = t reason1 _c ( itself be ! cause ( any emotion4 ,we h1 x is true1 no k ( any be+ or sub/ance b by means ( its attributes2 & !re=e no be+ c be agreeable to u o!rwise ?an by _! means4 ,b /ill1 :5 an emotion is rais$1 x is ! be+ itself1 z we appreh5d ! matt]1 :i* raises ! emotion2 & x raises x by means ( "o or o!r ( its attributes4 ,if x be urg$1 ,t we c 9 idea ab/ract a quality f ! ?+ to :i* x belongs2 x might be answ]$1 ,t an ab/ract idea1 :i* s]ves excell5tly ! purposes ( reason+1 is too fa9t & too mu* /ra9$ to produce any sort ( emotion4 ,b x is suffici5t = ! pres5t purpose to answ]1 ,t ! eye nev] ab/racts4 ,by ?is organ we p]ceive ?+s z !y really exi/1 & nev] p]ceive a quality z sep>at$ f ! subject4 ,h5ce x mu/ be evid5t1 t emotions are rais$1 n by qualities ab/ractly consid]$1 b by ! sub/ance or body s & s qualifi$4 ,?us a spread+ oak raises a pleasant emotion1 by means ( its col\r1 figure1 umbrage1 c4 ,x is n ! col\r /rictly speak+ t produces ! emotion1 b ! tree z col\r$3 x is n ! figure ab/ractly consid]$ t produces ! emotion1 b ! tree consid]$ z ( a c]ta9 figure4 ,& h5ce by ! way x appe>s1 t ! beauty ( su* an object is complex1 resolvable into sev]al beauties m simple4 #ag ,:5 ?is analysis ( human nature is consid]$1 n "o article ( :i* c ) any %ad[ ( tru? be controv]t$1 ,i _c help be+ surpris$ at ! bl9dness ( "s philosoph]s1 :o1 by d>k & confus$ notions1 are l$ to d5y all motives to action b :at arise f self-love4 ,man1 = ought appe>s1 might possibly h be5 s fram$1 z to be susceptible ( no passions b :at h self = _! object4 ,b man ?us fram$1 w\ld be ill fitt$ = society4 ,mu* bett] is ! matt] ord]$1 by endu+ him ) passions direct$ entirely to ! good ( o!rs1 z well z ) passions direct$ entirely to 8 own good4 #ah ,see ,essays ^u morality & natural religion1 "p #a4 essay #b4 *4 #d4 #ai ,su* pron5ess has ! m9d to ?is communication ( prop]ties1 t we (t5 f9d prop]ties ascrib$ to a relat$ object1 ( :i* naturally x is n susceptible4 ,sir ,ri*>d ,gre5ville 9 a s+le %ip be+ surpris$ by ! ,spani% fleet1 0 advis$ to retire4 ,he utt]ly refus$ to turn f ! enemy2 decl>+1 8he w\ld r die1 ?an di%on\r himself1 8 c\ntry1 & h] ,maje/y's %ip40 ,hakluyt1 vol4 #b4 "p #b4 p4 #afi4 ,to aid ! communication ( prop]ties 9 su* in/ances1 !re always mu/ be a mom5t>y p]sonification4 ,a %ip mu/ be imag9$ a s5sible be+1 to make x susceptible ( hon\r or di%on\r4 ,9 ! battle ( ,mant9ea1 ,epam9ondas be+ mortally w\nd$1 0 c>ri$ to 8 t5t 9 a mann] dead4 ,recov]+ 8 s5ses1 ! fir/ ?+ he inquir$ ab\t 0 8 %ield2 :i* be+ br\ght1 he kiss$ x z ! companion ( 8 val\r & glory4 ,x mu/ be rem>k$1 t among ! ,greeks & ,romans x 0 deem$ infam\s = a soldi] to return f battle )\t 8 %ield4 #bj ,see *ap4 #a4 #ba ,see ,essays on morality & natural religion1 "p #a4 ess4 #b4 *4 #e4 #bb ,lib4 #g4 cap4 #cf4 #bc ,aulus ,gellius1 lib4 #e4 cap4 #ad4 #bd ,brasidas be+ surpris$ by ! bite ( a m\se he _h cat*$1 let x slip out ( 8 f+]s4 8,no creature 7says he7 is s contemptible1 b :at may provide = its own safety1 if x h c\rage to def5d itself40 ,plut>*4 ,apo!gmata4 #be ,spectator1 ,n #dci4 #bf ,"p #a4 sect4 #a4 ( ! pres5t *apt]4 #bg ,at qu ,polycleto defu]unt1 ,phidi atque ,alcam5i dantur4 ,phidias tam5 diis quam hom9ibus effici5dis melior artifex traditur3 9 ebore v]o longe citra mulum1 vel si nihil nisi ,m9]vam ,a!nis1 aut ,olympium 9 ,elide ,jovem fecisset1 cujus pul*ritudo adjecisse aliquid etiam recept religioni videtur2 adeo maje/as op]is ,deum quavit4 ,qu9tilian1 lib4 #ab4 cap4 #aj4 #a4 #bh ,see "p #g4 ( ?is *apt]4 #bi ,see ! place above cit$4 #cj ,essays on ! pr9ciples ( morality & natural religion1 "p #a4 ess4 #b4 *ap4 #a4 #ca ,see ! introduction4 #cb ,see ?is po9t expla9$ aft]w>ds1 *ap4 #i4 #cc ,see ! app5dix1 conta9+ def9itions & explanation ( t]ms1 sect4 #cc4 #cd ,*ap4 #f4 #ce ,see *ap4 #ad4 #cf ,x is easi] to conceive ! mann] ( coexi/5ce ( simil> emotions1 ?an to describe x4 ,!y _c be said to mix or incorporate l concordant s\nds4 ,_! union is r ( agreem5t or concord2 & !re=e ,i h *os5 ! words 9 ! text1 n z suffici5t to express cle>ly ! mann] ( _! coexi/5ce1 b only z less liable to exception ?an any o!r ,i c f9d4 #cg ,*ap4 #ah4 sect4 #c4 #ch ,*ap4 ( epic & dramatic compositions4 #ci ,see "p #b4 ( ! pres5t *apt]1 t[>d ! close4 #dj ,canto #bj4 /4 #ig4 #da ,*ap4 #a4 #db ,see "p #a4 sect4 #a4 ( ! pres5t *apt]4 #dc ,h]odotus1 book #g4 #dd ,act #b4 sc4 #f4 #de ,act #c4 sc4 #h4 #df ,"p #a4 ( ?is *apt]1 sect4 #c4 #dg ,ari/otle1 poet4 cap4 #ah4 #c4 says1 t ang] raise? 9 ! spectator a simil> emotion ( ang]4 #dh ,see ,hi/orical law-tracts1 tract #a4 #di ,"p #e4 ( ! pres5t *apt]4 #ej ,*ap4 #b4 "p4 #a4 sect4 #a4 fir/ note4 #ea ,*ap4 #b4 "p #a4 sect4 #d4 #eb ,see ! app5dix1 conta9+ def9itions & explanation ( t]ms4 #ec ,see *ap4 #b4 "p #a4 sect4 #a4 #ed ,long9us obs]ves1 t nature incl9es u to admire1 n a small rivulet1 h[ev] cle> & transp>5t1 b ! ,nile1 ! ,i/]1 ! ,rh9e1 or /ill m ! ocean4 ,! sight ( a small fire produce? no emotion2 b we are /ruck ) ! boil+ furnaces ( tna1 p\r+ out :ole riv]s ( liquid flame4 ,treatise ( ! ,sublime1 *ap4 #bi4 #ee ,kempf]'s hi/ory ( ,japan1 b4 #e4 *4 #b4 #ef ,long9us gives a pretty good description ( ! sublime1 ?\gh n entirely j 9 e "o ( ! circum/ances1 8,t ! m9d is elevat$ by x1 & s s5sibly affect$ z to swell 9 transport & inw>d pride1 z if :at is only he>d or read1 7 its own inv5tion40 ,b he adh]es n to ?is description4 ,9 8 #f? *apt] he ju/ly obs]ves1 t _m passions h no?+ ( ! gr&1 su* z grief1 fe>1 pity1 :i* depress ! m9d in/ead ( rais+ x4 ,& yet 9 *apt] #h?1 he m5tions ,sappho's ode ^u love z sublime4 ,beautiful x is und\bt$ly1 b x _c be sublime1 because x really depresses ! m9d in/ead ( rais+ x4 ,8 translator ,boileau is n m successful 9 8 in/ances4 ,9 8 #aj? reflection he cites a passage f ,demo/h5es & ano!r f ,h]odotus z sublime1 :i* are n s4 #eg ,kempf]'s hi/ory ( ,japan4 #eh ,spectator1 ,n #db #ei ,x is ju/ly obs]v$ by ,addison1 t p]haps a man w\ld h be5 m a/oni%$ ) ! maje/ic air t appe>$ 9 "o ( ,lysippus's /atues ( ,alex&]1 ?\gh no bigg] ?an ! life1 ?an he might h be5 ) ,m\nt ,a?os1 _h x be5 cut into ! figure ( ! h]o1 accord+ to ! proposal ( ,phidias1 ) a riv] 9 "o h& & a city 9 ! o!r4 ,spectator1 ,n #dae4 #fj ,hone/um p] se esse expet5dum indicant pu]i1 9 quibus1 ut 9 speculis1 natura c]nitur4 ,quanta /udia dec]tantium sunt6 ,quanta ipsa c]tam9a6 ,ut illi eff]untur ltitia1 cum vic]unt6 ,ut pudet victos6 ,ut se accus>i nolunt6 ,ut cupiunt laud>i6 ,quos illi labores non p]f]unt1 ut qualium pr9cipes s9t6 ,cic]o de f9ibus4 #fa ,spectator1 ,n #dae4 #fb ,*ap4 #h4 ( ! ,sublime4 #fc ,lib4 #c4 beg9n+ at l9e #efg4 #fd ,high1 9 ! old ,scot* language1 is pron\nc$ hee4 #fe ,h]odotus1 book #g4 #ff ,*ap4 #cj4 #fg ,boileau & ,huet4 #fh ,l'art poet4 *ant #a4 l4 #fh4 #fi ,see *ap4 #d4 #gj ,see *ap4 #i4 #ga ,*ap4 #a4 #gb ,*ap4 #ae4 #gc ,see *ap4 #a4 #gd ,see *ap4 #b4 "p #a4 sect4 #b4 #ge ,see *ap4 #d4 #gf ,essays on ! pr9ciples ( morality & natural religion "p #b4 ess4 #f4 #gg ,h5ce ! ,lat9 names = surprise1 torpor1 animo /upor4 #gh ,see *ap4 #f4 #gi ,coke ^u ,littleton1 p4 #ga4 #hj ,practical writ]s ^u ! f9e arts w attempt any ?+1 be+ bl9d bo? to ! difficulty & dang]4 ,de ,piles1 acc\nt+ :y contra/ is agreeable1 says1 8,t x is a sort ( w> :i* puts ! opposite p>ties 9 motion40 ,?us1 to acc\nt = an effect ( :i* !re is no d\bt1 any cause1 h[ev] fooli%1 is made welcome4 #ha ,*ap4 #b4 "p #e4 #hb ,! examples above giv5 are ( subjects t c be br\ght to an end or conclusion4 ,b ! same uneas9ess is p]ceptible ) respect to subjects t admit n any conclusion2 witness a s]ies t has no end1 commonly call$ an inf9ite s]ies4 ,! m9d runn+ along su* a s]ies1 beg9s soon to feel an uneas9ess1 :i* becomes m & m s5sible 9 cont9u+ its progress4 ,an unb\nd$ prospect do? n long cont9ue agreeable4 ,we soon feel a slight uneas9ess1 :i* increases ) ! "t we be/[ ^u ! object4 ,9 ord] to f9d ! cause ( ?is uneas9ess1 we fir/ take "u consid]ation an av5ue )\t a t]m9at+ object4 ,c a prospect )\t any t]m9ation be comp>$ to an inf9ite s]ies8 ,!re is "o /rik+ diff]5ce1 t ) respect to ! eye no prospect c be unb\nd$4 ,! quicke/ eye comm&s b a c]ta9 l5g? ( space2 & !re x is b\nd$1 h[ev] obscurely4 ,b ! m9d p]ceives ?+s z !y exi/2 & ! l9e is c>ri$ on 9 idea )\t end4 ,9 t respect an unb\nd$ prospect is simil> to an inf9ite s]ies4 ,9 fact1 ! uneas9ess ( an unb\nd$ prospect diff]s v little 9 its feel+ f t ( an inf9ite s]ies2 & !re=e we may reasonably conclude t bo? proce$ f ! same cause4 ,we next consid] a prospect unb\nd$ e way1 z = example1 a great pla91 or ! ocean1 view$ f an em95ce4 ,we feel "h an uneas9ess occasion$ by ! want ( an end or t]m9ation1 precisely z 9 ! o!r cases4 ,a prospect unb\nd$ e way is inde$ s f> s+ul>1 z at fir/ to be m pleasant ?an a prospect t is unb\nd$ 9 "o direction only1 & aft]w>d to be m pa9ful4 ,b ^! circum/ances are easily expla9$ )\t break+ 9 ^u ! g5]al !ory4 ,! pleasure we feel at fir/ is a /rong emotion ( gr&eur1 aris+ f ! imm5se ext5sion ( ! object4 ,& to increase ! pa9 we feel aft]w>d = ! want ( a t]m9ation1 !re concurs a pa9 ( a diff]5t k9d1 occasion$ by /ret*+ ! eye to compreh5d s great a prospect2 a pa9 t gradually increases ) ! repeat$ ef=ts we make to grasp ! :ole4 ,x is ! same pr9ciple1 if ,i mi/ake n1 :i* op]ates imp]ceptibly ) respect to quantity & numb]4 ,ano!r's prop]ty ind5t$ into my field gives me uneas9ess2 & ,i am eag] to make ! pur*ase1 n = pr(it1 b 9 ord] to squ>e my field4 ,x]xes & 8 army 9 _! passage to ,greece 7 sumptu\sly ent]ta9$ by ,py?ius ! ,lydian4 ,x]xes gett+ a p>ticul> acc\nt ( 8 ri*es1 recomp5s$ him ) #gjjj ,d>ics1 :i* he want$ to complete ! sum ( f\r millions4 #hc ,ari/otle1 poet4 cap4 #ag4 #hd ,spectator1 ,n #bfe4 #he ,lib4 #a4 #bh4 #hf ,act #d4 sc4 #b4 #hg ,see *ap4 #b4 "p #d4 #hh ,*ap4 #b4 "p #d4 #hi n4 lib4 #e4 #ij ,iliad1 book #bc4 l4 #hgi4 #ia ,*ap4 #a4 #ib ,locke1 book #b4 *ap4 #ad4 #ic ,see *ap4 #a4 #id ,see *ap4 #a4 #ie ,?is *apt] 0 compos$ 9 ! ye> #agec4 #if ,*ap4 #a4