,transcriber's ,note3    ,inconsistent  
hyphenation and spelling in the original
 document have   been preserved4        
,obvious typographical errors have been 
corrected4    ,italic text is denoted by
 underscores4    ,a page of             
advertisements1 originally appearing at 
the beginning of   this book1 was moved 
to the end4          ,,joseph           
,,pennell',s ,,pictures      ,,of ,,the 
,,wonder ,,of ,,work                    
,,reproductions ,,of ,a ,,series ,,of   
,,drawings1      ,,etchings1            
,,lithographs1 ,,made ,,by      ,,him   
,,about ,,the ,,world1 #ahha-aiae1      
,,with      ,,impressions ,,and ,,notes 
,,by ,,the ,,artist                     
,,philadelphia ,,and ,,london      ,j4  
,b4 ,,lippincott ,,company      #aiaf   
,,copyright1 #aiaf1 ,,by ,,joseph       
,,pennell       ,,published ,,september1
 #aiae      ,,reprinted ,,october1 #aiaf
        ,,printed ,,by ,j4 ,b4          
,,lippincott ,,company      ,,at ,,the  
,,washington ,,square ,,press           

,,philadelphia1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4          ,i 
,,wish ,,in ,,this ,,book ,,to ,,honor  
,,constantin ,,meunier       ,,the      
,,prophet ,,and      ,,exponent ,,of    
,,the      ,,wonder ,,of ,,work         
,,the ,,wonder ,,of ,,work              
,,introduction   ,work to-day is the    
greatest thing in the world1 and the    
artist who best records it will be best 
remembered4 ,work has always been an    
inspiration to artists1 from the time   
when we were told to earn our bread by  
the sweat of our brow1 till now1 when   
most of us are trying to forget the     
command1 and act like ladies and        
gentlemen4  ,under the ,church1         
work--the building of the ,tower of     
,babel and the ,temple--was the subject 
of endless imaginings by painters1      
sculptors and gravers who never assisted
 at the functions they illustrated4     
,painters1 who sat in their studios     
hundreds of years after the towers and  
temples were designed and destroyed1    
have showed what they imagined the      

towers and the temples looked like4     
,this--this sort of creation or         
invention--we art students in ,america  
called genius work because it was done  
out of our heads4 ,in ,europe it is     
called scholarly1 and is concocted from 
a classical dictionary2 a trip for a few
 weeks to ,greece or ,italy is useful   
but not necessary1 and adds to the      
expense2 illustrated post cards may be  
used instead4  ,now educated people1    
cultured people1 take such painters     
seriously--and pay to sit in darkened   
chambers and brood4 ,these are carefully
 but sadly illuminated1 and the         
spectators pursue with diligence1 scarce
 looking at the exhibits1 the remarks of
 critics who prove conclusively that    
these painters show exactly what the    
world was like1 what buildings were like
 and how they were built1 and how the   
builders worked according to the bookman
 and archologist1 and the critic4  ,now 
as to these popular forms of art--the   
backbone of academics1--,i know1 for ,i 

am a multi-academician--,i have nothing 
to say4 ,the results1 in a few          
instances1 have been works of art       
because of excellence of technique4 ,but
 the man with the greatest imagination  
is the man with the greatest information
 about his own surroundings1 which he   
uses so skilfully that we call the      
result imagination1 and this is the way 
the greatest art of the world has been  
created4  ,i am not disputing the power1
 in their day1 nor the charm they still 
have--for the very few who              
understand--of ,cimabue1 of ,giotto1 of 
the painters of the ,campo ,santo at    
,pisa1 when they painted the subjects ,i
 have mentioned1 nor of                 
,pintoricchio--he put work in the       
background of his paintings1 as ,drer   
did in his prints4 ,and there is a      
wonderful building of a cathedral by    
,van ,eyck in ,antwerp4 ,there are      
compositions by ,bellini and ,carpaccio 
which show they studied work4 ,it is    
strange1 so far as ,i know1 that        

,leonardo ignored work--in his          
pictures--he who was such a great       
workman1 yet vowed he could paint with  
any one1 amongst his other              
accomplishments4 ,but1 with all these   
artists1 either work was a detail or    
imaginative2 it was never the dominant  
motive1 never a study of work for work's
 sake4 ,there are a few records in      
sculpture1 most notable amongst them    
being the ,assyrian ,reliefs at the     
,british ,museum4 ,curiously1 ,i am     
unable to find1 though they must exist1 
any sculptures1 reliefs or paintings of 
the great architectural work of the     
,egyptians--or those of the ,greeks     
either4 ,in the ,bayeux tapestries there
 is the work of the shipbuilder and     
porter4  ,the first artist ,i know      
of--though ,i am not an art             
historian--to see the pictorial         
possibility of work1 the ,wonder of     
,work for ,work's ,sake1 was ,rembrandt4
  ,rembrandt saw that his father's mill 
was beautiful1 and by his renderings of 

the windmills and the dykes of ,holland 
proved them the great works of his      
little country1 and showed they were    
pictorial4 ,and he drew1 etched and     
painted them because he loved their big 
powerful forms1 their splendid sails1   
the way they lorded the land and kept   
out the sea4 ,they were for him the     
,wonder of ,work1 the wondrous works of 
his time1 the works that were all about 
him4 ,so strong and so powerful were    
these ,dutch works that they have lasted
 till to-day1 and so well were they     
designed that all windmills and         
watermills have kept their form till    
now4 ,the working parts have possibly   
been improved1 but the design has not   
been changed1 and ,rembrandt's          
etchings--so accurately drawn they would
 serve as working models--prove it4 ,and
 yet ,rembrandt has made a perfect      
artistic composition as well as a true  
mechanical rendering of these mills and 
dykes4 ,and as ,whistler said in the    
,ten ,o'clock1 the ,bible of ,art1      

,rembrandt regretted not that the ,jews 
of the ,ghetto were not ,greeks1        
nor--may ,i add8--did he regret the     
windmills were not temples4  ,then came 
,claude and found the ,wonder of ,work  
in commercial harbours1 dominated by    
necessary lighthouses1 and in the       
hustling cities of ,civita ,vecchia and 
,genoa--for it is amid the work1 the    
life of one's own time1 that the ,wonder
 of ,work is to be found4  ,canaletto   
followed1 and saw in the building of    
,venice the same inspiration that       
,tintoret found in her history1 ,titian 
in her great men4 ,and ,piranesi        
discovered the prisons1 the ,carceri1 to
 be as enthralling as the ruins of      
,rome4  ,turner imitated ,claude4       
,claude saw his subjects about him2     
,turner used ,claude's motives and tried
 to rival his predecessor4 ,claude      
painted what he saw in his own time2    
,turner tried to reconstruct his        
unconscious rival's facts out of his    
head1 and failed even in his rendering  

of work about him1 signally in ,steam1  
,rain1 ,speed1 where an impossible      
engine conducts itself in an incredible 
fashion in a magnificent landscape4     
,turner was not here trying to carry on 
tradition--the only thing worth doing in
 art--but to embter les bourgeois--and  
,ruskin6  ,turner's ,carthage would not 
stand up1 if built--,claude's palaces   
do4 ,turner1 too1 defying               
,ruskin--,ruskin anathematising workaday
 ,england--was a spectacle4 ,but ,turner
 was sometimes in the right1 with       
,constable and ,crome1 and they1 and not
 ,ruskin1 have triumphed4 ,turner had   
magnificent ideas1 wonderful colour     
sense1 grand composition4 ,but when he  
came to fact he was often ridiculous or 
pitiful1 simply because he had not      
observed work1 noted facts--and to paint
 work one must study work4 ,and lately  
,i was given a print from a ,book of    
,beauty by ,allom of a coke furnace1    
while ,mr4 ,joseph ,jackson has         
discovered a painting of a forge by     

,bass ,otis in the ,pennsylvania        
,academy of the ,fine                   
,arts--surprisingly well done1 both are1
 too4  ,it is far easier to paint a     
heavenly host or a dream city in one's  
studio than to make a decoration out of 
a group of miners1 or to draw a rolling 
mill in full blast4 ,yet one of these   
subjects can be as noble as the other1  
as ,whistler proved1 when he showed for 
the first time how in ,london the poor  
buildings lose themselves in the dim    
sky1 and the tall chimneys become       
campanile1 and the warehouses are       
palaces in the night1 and the whole city
 hangs in the heavens and fairyland is  
before us4 ,that is the ,gospel of the  
,wonder of ,work4  ,though ,i never     
studied under ,whistler--never was his  
pupil--he is and always will be my      
master--the master of the modern world1 
the master who will endure4 ,because he 
glorified the things about him1 the     
things he knew1 by ,the ,science of the 
,beautiful4 ,what are the ,thames       

etchings--,wapping1 ,the ,last of ,old  
,westminster1 ,the ,nocturnes--but      
records of work8 ,a fact most critics   
have never realised4 ,but ,whistler was 
a many-sided--a so many-sided--genius   
that his many essays in many fields are 
only just becoming known1 and this study
 of work--the most difficult study in   
the world1 under the most trying        
conditions--was never abandoned by him  
till he said what he wanted1 in the ways
 he wanted1 not till he had made a      
series of masterpieces which live and   
will live forever4  ,but there was a    
man--all the great have gone from us in 
the last few years1 which accounts for  
the momentary popularity of the         
little--there was a man who gave his    
later life to the ,wonder of            
,work--,constantin ,meunier4  ,un       
jour--,meunier approchait dj de la      
cinquantaine--,camille ,lemonnier       
l'emmena dans le ,hainaut3 il devait y  
faire quelques illustrations pour ,la   
,belgique4 ,ce voyage de ,meunier       

travers le ,borinage lui fut une        
rvlation4 ,il s'y dcouvrit lui-mme1 il y
 dcouvrit son art4 ,dans ce sombre      
paysage de fume et de feu1 dans le      
haltement formidable des fabriques1     
parmi les farouches mineurs et les      
puddleurs et les verriers1 toute une    
humanit damne  la peine1 son me tragique
 s'emplit de cette piti et de cette     
admiration qui devaient rsonner  travers
 tout son art4 ,il avait conquis son    
propre domaine4  ,meunier a conquis     
l'art la beaut spciale de la nouvelle   
industrie3 la formidable fabrique1      
pleine de lumire sombre et de tonnerre1 
les ftes flamboyantes des fonderies1 la 
puissance grondante des machines4 ,et   
toujours cette tendance est au          
monumental4  ,l'hymne au ,travail chante
 avec plus de force lyrique encore dans 
ses bronzes4  ,this was his life work1  
and the life of his world1 the world1 as
 with ,whistler1 around him1 for that is
 best which nearest lieth4 ,courbet in  
work had influenced ,legros and ,brett  

and ,millet and ,segantini1 and ,i have 
no doubt ,ford ,madox ,brown1 the man   
too big to be a pre-,raphaelite1 whose  
biggest picture is work--,work in       
,london--the man who will one day make  
,manchester a place of pilgrimage       
because of his pictures of work and of  
war in the ,town ,hall4  ,the ,japanese 
count for a little in work1 ,hokusai and
 ,hiroshigi4 ,repine and ,de ,nittis1   
,l',hermette1 ,bastien-,lepage1 ,tissot1
 ,ridley1 and ,w4 ,l4 ,wyllie have shown
 the ,wonder of ,work1 the last three on
 the ,thames2 and hundreds of imitators 
of these men have starved peasants1     
herded kine1 rowed boats1 and sat in    
harvest fields1 and hauled barges1      
because they thought it the correct     
thing to do1 or else that they could    
work the sentimental1 pathetic1         
socialistic game as a diversion from    
mummy's darling1 baby and the           
mustard-pot1 dear little doggie1 or poor
 old ,dobbin4 ,i do not mean to say     
there have not been1 there are not1     

artists who have cared for the work and 
workers of the fields for their own     
sake3 there are some2 but ,i wish to    
speak only of industrial work4 ,millet  
has1 ,i believe1 honestly done the life 
around his home1 the life of the fields1
 but1 though he has endless imitators1  
there are scarcely any painters to-day  
who see through their own eyes the real 
life of the fields and farms and the    
fisherman--they are blinded by the      
,frenchman and debauched with sentiment4
  ,it was incredible1 but at the        
,panama-,pacific ,exposition there was  
not one single official mural devoted to
 the glorification of the greatest work 
of modern times--the ,panama ,canal--the
 reason for the ,exposition--in fact1   
there was only one in which there was   
any attempt at making a decoration out  
of the things the artist might have     
known or seen save ,mr4 ,trumbull's     
,iron ,workers in the ,pennsylvania     
,building--and a few rather unimportant 
things in the ,dutch and ,argentine     

,pavilions4  ,meunier showed without    
sentiment the workman at work1 not with 
any idea of preaching about his wrongs1 
his trials1 his struggles1 his misery1  
but to show the ,wonder of ,work for its
 own sake1 and the pictorial            
possibilities of workmen and workwomen  
in ,belgium4 ,meunier showed that the   
workman was worthy of the artist's      
chisel1 chalk1 needle1 and paint4 ,there
 is no sentiment about ,meunier2 there  
is grandeur1 dignity1 and power1 and    
from him we have learned that modern    
work is wonderful4 ,meunier was an old  
man when a few years ago ,i first heard 
of him and saw his work4 ,he had then   
done his heroic ,antwerp and his        
puddlers and miners in bronze1 his      
paintings and his chalk drawings1 his   
decorations1 his great apse for the     
unbuilt basilica--the monument to modern
 work and workers4 ,his work is         
decorative because it is true1 and this 
brings up another side of the ,wonder of
 ,work4 ,in ,france1 ,germany1 and      

,italy the ,wonder of ,work around us   
has been made the subject of endless    
commissions from the ,state to artists  
mostly realistic4 ,but records of facts1
 facts of one's own time1 in ,england   
and ,america1 are scarcely ever         
recorded4 ,go to the ,royal ,exchange1  
in ,london1 and you will find ,wat      
,tyler1 ,phnicians1 ,britons painted    
blue1 and everything in the history of  
,london that can be made into a painting
 of the past1 and not a single record of
 the present4 ,where is the building of 
the ,tower ,bridge1 the ,power ,houses1 
the ,docks1 the ,blackwall ,tunnel1 the 
,trams1 the ,tube1 or any of the other  
works by which this age1 this workaday  
age1 has distinguished itself1 all of   
which are worth painting8 ,in ,america  
we have imaginings of ,holy ,grails1    
,pied ,pipers1 ,religious ,liberties1   
when one fact in murals about steel     
works1 skyscrapers1 or the ,brooklyn    
,bridge would be worth the lot in the   
future1 when these factless fancies are 

whitewashed out1 or made a good ground  
to paint on4 ,one man in ,america1 ,w4  
,b4 ,van ,ingen1 has glorified work by  
his ,panama decorations in the          
,administration ,building at ,balboa4   
,these were not wanted at the ,panama   
,exhibition4 ,in ,france men like ,henri
 ,martin have painted decoratively1 yet 
realistically1 the harvest of last      
summer2 ,besnard and ,anquetin have done
 wonders2 and the biggest ,french       
artists have decorated the ,mairies4 ,in
 ,chicago they turn students out to make
 murals in school houses1 a system of   
artistic debauchery worthy of ,chicago's
 originality4 ,and ,puvis de ,chavannes1
 first of all magnificently showed the  
way to combine the old decoration with  
the new realism4 ,his life work at      
,amiens is pure convention1 so are his  
designs in the ,boston ,library and in  
the ,sorbonne1 but they are the most    
perfect examples of decorative1         
imaginative1 conventional work in the   
modern world4  ,at ,rouen and           

,marseilles he has treated decoratively 
modern subjects1 or rather he has used  
modern motives4 ,at ,rouen1 the city    
with its spires and chimneys1 its old   
bridges and new transporters1 as seen   
from ,bon ,secours1 prove the ,wonder of
 ,work2 in the foreground are modern    
figures1 greeting the ,spirit of old    
,france4 ,at ,marseilles there are two  
subjects in which symbolism and realism1
 modernity and medivalism are           
harmonised--the most difficult problem  
to solve2 but ,puvis has solved it1 and 
proved himself the greatest if not the  
only decorator since ,pierro della      
,francesco1 the supreme master of       
decoration4 ,raphael1 in the ,stanzi of 
the ,vatican1 was a decorator of his own
 time1 and so was ,pintoricchio in the  
,library at ,siena1 and ,mantegna at    
,padua1 for they made decoration out of 
the life about them4  ,and ,john ,lavery
 has made1 in ,glasgow1 a decoration out
 of shipbuilding which is worth the     
whole wall coverings of the ,royal      

,exchange and the ,library of ,congress1
 and the ,carnegie ,institute put       
together4 ,but decoration is a difficult
 matter1 and ,lavery has done much for  
,glasgow4 ,i regret that ,john          
,alexander and ,e4 ,a4 ,abbey1 who had  
far better official opportunities1 only 
proved how unfit the average painter is 
to decorate4  ,from the very beginning  
,i have cared for the ,wonder of ,work2 
from the time ,i built cities of blocks 
and sailed models of ships of them      
across the floor in my father's office1 
till ,i went to the ,panama ,canal1 ,i  
have cared for the ,wonder of ,work4    
,there are others who care--,brangwyn   
has cared1 and so have ,sauter1         
,muirhead ,bone1 ,strang and ,short4    
,crane and ,anning ,bell1 ,way1         
,cameron1 ,bone and ,brangwyn have cared
 for the building up and the breaking   
down1 and ,brangwyn for life--the life  
of the workman1 possibly because of his 
,belgian and seafaring education or his 
knowledge of ,meunier1 his countryman4  

,and ,seymour ,haden's ,breaking-up the 
,agamemnon is notable4 ,and there are   
,belgians like ,baertsoen1 de ,bruyeke  
and ,pierre ,paulus2 and ,frenchmen like
 ,lepere1 ,gillot and ,adler2 and       
,italians like ,pieretto ,bianco1 and   
there was the great ,german ,menzel4    
,but it is to ,america we must turn1 to 
,white's etching of ,brooklyn ,bridge1  
,cooper's skyscrapers1 ,alden ,weir's   
,new ,york at night1 ,bellow's docks1   
,childe ,hassam's high buildings1       
,thornton ,oakley's coal breakers--to   
these one must look for the modern      
rendering of work4 ,there are others1   
too1 who have seen the opportunity to   
prig and steal--but this is evident1    
just as it is evident that they will    
give up painting or drawing work for the
 next new thing4 ,and there is another  
artist who really cares for the ,wonder 
of ,work4 ,i do not know what else ,van 
,ingen has done1 but he has made a huge 
decoration of ,culebra ,cut--and ,paul  
,bartlett has put ,american work on the 

pediment of the ,capitol4 ,i have tried 
to do what ,i could in ,new ,york1      
,chicago1 ,san ,francisco1 the coal     
mines of my native ,state--,niagara--and
 in ,europe and at ,panama2 and whatever
 their worth1 ,i can only tell of the   
,wonder of ,work as ,i see it4  ,new    
,york1 as the incoming foreigner1 full  
of prejudice1 or doubt1 or hope1 and the
 returning ,american1 crammed with      
guide-book and catalogue culture1 see it
 or might see it1 rises a vision1 a     
mirage of the lower bay1 the colour by  
day more shimmering than ,venice1 by    
night more magical than ,london4 ,in the
 morning the mountains of buildings hide
 themselves1 to reveal themselves in the
 rosy steam clouds that chase each other
 across their flanks2 when evening      
fades1 they are mighty cliffs glimmering
 with glistening lights in the magic and
 mystery of the night4 ,as the steamer  
moves up the bay on the left the ,great 
,goddess greets you1 a composition in   
colour and form1 with the city beyond1  

finer than any in any world that ever   
existed1 finer than ,claude ever        
imagined1 or ,turner ever dreamed4 ,why 
did not ,whistler see it8 ,piling up    
higher and higher right before you is   
,new ,york2 and what does it remind you 
of8 ,san ,gimignano of the ,beautiful   
,towers away off in ,tuscany1 only here 
are not eleven1 but eleven times eleven1
 not low mean brick piles1 but noble    
palaces crowned with gold1 with green1  
with rose2 and over them the waving1    
fluttering plume of steam1 the emblem of
 ,new ,york4 ,to the right1 filmy and   
lace-like by day1 are the great bridges2
 by night a pattern of stars that       
,hiroshigi never knew4 ,you land in     
streets that are ,florence glorified4   
,you emerge in squares more noble than  
,seville4 ,golden statues are about you1
 triumphal arches make splendid frames  
for endless vistas2 and it is all new   
and all untouched1 all to be done1 and  
save for the work of a few of us1 and we
 are ,americans1 all undone4 ,the       

,unbelievable ,city1 the city that has  
been built since ,i grew up1 the city   
beautiful1 built by men ,i know1 built  
for people ,i know4 ,the city that      
inspires me1 that ,i love4 ,and all     
,america is like this and--all--or      
nearly all unseen1 unknown1 untouched4  
,i went to ,panama because ,i believed  
that1 in the making of the greatest work
 of modern time1 ,i should find my      
greatest inspiration4  ,almost before ,i
 left the ,canal1 artists1 architects   
and decorators were on their way there4 
,i hope it may interest them half as    
much as it interested me4 ,one man has  
succeeded1 ,i repeat1 in doing something
 for himself down there--,w4 ,b4 ,van   
,ingen--and this has been acknowledged  
by the government1 which has purchased  
his great decoration4 ,this is the      
finest1 in fact the only complete       
decorative work from him done in the    
,united ,states--and done because ,van  
,ingen1 the pupil of ,la ,farge--who    
alone counts--was trained in the right  

way and had something to say for        
himself4  ,we have recently been told   
that art will disappear in fifty years  
7by a person who says he will call his  
last book--with possible                
appropriateness--,vale74 ,but1 though he
 will disappear1 and ,post              
,impressionism will be swallowed up in  
shopkeeping1 and war has engulfed that1 
and work is stopped--save for war--and  
though the mustard pot has gone with the
 soulful doggie1 and the tearful baby   
rival of the ,dresden ,madonna1 the     
artist who has something to say in his  
own way about his own time1 and can say 
it1 will live1 and his work will live1  
with ,rembrandt1 ,velasquez1 ,franz     
,hals1 ,meunier1 and ,whistler--artists 
who painted and drew the work and life  
about them1 who carried on tradition1   
and never regretted the past4 ,and art  
which shows life and work will never    
die1 for such art is everlasting1       
undying1 ,the ,science of the           
,beautiful4       ,,joseph ,,pennell    

,this introduction is founded on a      
lecture delivered before the ,royal     
,society of ,arts1 ,london1 and awarded 
its medal1 and an article published by  
,the ,studio1 and the author wishes to  
thank the ,council and ,publisher for   
permission to reproduce parts of it4    
,and it was repeated before the ,royal  
,college of ,art1 ,london1 ,the         
,corporation of ,bradford and the       
,british ,architectural ,association1   
,london1 etc4     ,,list ,,of           
,,illustrations        ,,building ,,the 
,,public ,,buildings1 ,,philadelphia    
,i       ,,the ,,new ,,house1           
,,philadelphia                          
,,ii       ,,the ,,manufacturers' ,,club
 ,,and ,,stock ,,exchange1              
,,philadelphia      ,,iii       ,,oil   
,,refining1 ,,point ,,breeze1           
,,philadelphia                          
,,iv       ,,oil ,,wells1 ,,alberta1    
,,british ,,columbia                    
,v       ,,steel ,,at ,,gary1 ,,indiana 
,,vi       ,,the ,,jaws1 ,,chicago      

,,vii       ,,stock ,,yards1 ,,chicago  
,,viii       ,,under ,,the ,,bridges1   
,,chicago                               
,,ix       ,,the ,,cambria ,,steel      
,,works1 ,,johnstown                    
,x       ,,pittsburgh1 ,,no4 #c         
,,xi       ,,edgar ,,thomson ,,steel    
,,works1 ,,pittsburgh                   
,,xii       ,,on ,,the ,,way ,,to       
,,bessemer                              
,,xiii       ,,carnegie',s ,,works1     
,,homestead                             
,,xiv       ,,coal ,,breakers1          
,,shenandoah                            
,,xv       ,,work ,,castles1            
,,wilkes-,,barre                        
,,xvi       ,,building ,a               
,,power-,,house1 ,,niagara              
,,xvii       ,,building ,a ,,skyscraper1
 ,,night1 ,,new ,,york                  
,,xviii       ,,building ,,the          
,,woolworth ,,building1 ,,new ,,york    
,,xix       ,,butte1 ,,montana1 ,,on    
,,its ,,mountain ,,top                  
,,xx       ,,anaconda1 ,,montana        

,,xxi       ,,approach ,,to ,,duluth1   
,,the ,,land ,,of ,,work ,,and ,,beauty 
,,xxii       ,,ore ,,wharves1 ,,duluth  
,,xxiii       ,,ore ,,mines1 ,,hibbing  
,,xxiv       ,,flour ,,mills1           
,,minneapolis                           
,,xxv       ,,the ,,incline1            
,,cincinnati                            
,,xxvi       ,,victor ,,emmanuel        
,,monument ,,at ,,rome                  
,,xxvii       ,,rebuilding ,,the        
,,campanile1 ,,venice                   
,,xxviii       ,,return ,,from ,,work1  
,,carrara1 ,,italy                      
,,xxix       ,,the ,,new ,,bay ,,of     
,,baie1 ,,italy                         
,,xxx       ,,the ,,harbor ,,at ,,genoa1
 ,,italy                                
,,xxxi       ,,the ,,great ,,white      
,,cloud1 ,,leeds1 ,,england             
,,xxxii       ,,potland1 ,,england      
,,xxxiii       ,,the ,,river ,,of       
,,work1 ,,leeds1 ,,england              
,,xxxiv       ,,the ,,great ,,chimney1  
,,bradford1 ,,england                   

,,xxxv       ,,the ,,great ,,stack1     
,,sheffield1 ,,england                  
,,xxxvi       ,,thames ,,works1 ,,london
                                        
,,xxxvii       ,,schneider',s ,,works   
,,at ,,creusot1 ,,france                
,,xxxviii       ,,old ,,and ,,new       
,,mills1 ,,valenciennes1 ,,france       
,,xxxix       ,,the ,,lake ,,of ,,fire1 
,,charleroi1 ,,belgium                  
,,xl       ,,the ,,great ,,dump1        
,,charleroi1 ,,belgium                  
,,xli       ,,the ,,iron ,,gate1        
,,charleroi1 ,,belgium                  
,,xlii       ,,cranes1 ,,duisburg1      
,,germany                               
,,xliii       ,,new ,,rhine1 ,,germany  
,,xliv       ,,building ,,the ,,railroad
 ,,station1 ,,leipzig1 ,,germany        
,,xlv       ,,building ,,the ,,bridge   
,,at ,,cologne1 ,,germany               
,,xlvi       ,,building ,,the           
,,bismarck1 ,,hamburg1 ,,germany        
,,xlvii       ,,the ,,hut ,,of ,,the    
,,cape ,,of ,,good ,,hope1 ,,oberhausen1

 ,,germany      ,,xlviii                
,,shipyard1 ,,hamburg1 ,,germany        
,,xlix       ,,krupp',s ,,works1        
,,essen1 ,,germany                      
,l       ,,power-,,house1 ,,berlin1     
,,germany                               
,,li       ,,schnapps ,,at ,,schiedaam1 
,,holland                               
,,lii     ,i ,,building ,,the ,,public  
,,buildings  ,this etching proves that  
my love of the ,wonder of ,work is no   
new thing1 for it was done in #ahha1 out
 of my studio window in ,chestnut       
,street1 ,philadelphia1 on the hot      
morning that ,garfield was shot4 ,even  
then ,i knew what ,i wanted to do1 but  
,i had no idea that--with certain       
breaks--all my life would be given to   
the ,wonder of ,work--the work that is  
all about us1 the most wonderful thing  
in the world4    ,illustration     ,,ii 
,,the ,,new ,,house1 ,,philadelphia  ,i 
can remember the bed of mortar in the   
street1 the hod-carrier toiling up the  
ladder1 the bricklayers above on the    

scaffold1 and ,i have drawn such things2
 but to find during one's lifetime such 
a development of building in my own city
 is amazing1 but it is well worth       
recording--this phase of the ,wonder of 
,work4    ,illustration     ,,iii ,,the 
,,manufacturers' ,,club ,,and ,,stock   
,,exchange1 ,,philadelphia  ,one hot    
summer evening ,i was asked to dine at  
the ,university ,club1 and this drawing 
is the result4 ,i had no idea that ,i   
would get anything but--as one always   
does in ,philadelphia--a good dinner4 ,i
 have forgotten the good dinner and the 
doubtless good talk1 but ,i shall never 
forget the towering buildings1 in the   
coming night1 grouped round the low     
houses1 and the dark hole from which the
 steel skeleton was emerging1 soon to   
become higher and mightier than the grim
 masses amid which it was growing4 ,so  
,i came back the next day and drew it4  
,illustration     ,,iv ,,oil ,,refining1
 ,,point ,,breeze  ,if any one cares to 
look up a copy of the ,century          

,magazine--or it was then               
,scribner's--for about #ahhj or #ahha1  
there will be found in it my first      
published drawing of the ,wonder of     
,work--and of this same oil refinery at 
,point ,breeze4 ,now ,i am back in      
,philadelphia1 years after1 and ,i have 
found the same subject as full of       
inspiration as ever4 ,and though the    
editors of that date were willing to    
publish my drawings of such subjects    
then--now they won't have them1 or use  
those of my flatterers--,i mean         
imitating thieves4 ,but there is scarce 
an art editor left--that profession     
scarce exists any longer4               
,illustration     ,v ,,oil ,,wells1     
,,alberta  ,i have never yet found a    
perfectly satisfactory oil field1 as a  
subject for the ,wonder of ,work4 ,the  
wells are not big enough1 they are all  
alike1 and there is no smoke4 ,i confess
 ,i once thought an oil well gushed like
 a geyser1 hundreds of feet in the air1 
and1 when it was not doing that1 belched

 forth gorgeous columns and clouds of   
smoke4 ,i was told that the first was   
prevented with difficulty1 and that by  
dropping a match into the pipe ,i could 
easily produce the second effect--though
 either might cost me a million2 still1 
the fact remains1 ,i have yet to find a 
really fine oil field--and a really fine
 effect over it4 ,the refineries1       
however1 make up for the wells4         
,illustration     ,,vi ,,steel ,,at     
,,gary1 ,,indiana  ,if there is anything
 in carrying on tradition it is here1   
for here at these new works1 the        
engineers1 the steel makers1 have built 
mills which are nothing more than       
,rembrandt's mills glorified and        
magnified4 ,and everything in the       
,wonder of ,work is only carrying on    
tradition4 ,every mill1 every dock1     
every railroad station1 every bridge1   
every skyscraper is but a development of
 the work of the ,greeks and ,romans4   
,in trying to show this ,wonder of ,work
 to-day ,i am only trying to do what has

 been done already with ,greek art and  
literature4 ,we are not original and    
never can be4 ,we may believe we are and
 prove ourselves ignorant or cubists1   
but the cubists are so ignorant--or     
think the public are--that they only    
prig from archaic art4 ,we can carry on 
tradition with difficulty2 we can easily
 turn backward or stand still4 ,those   
who have created the ,wonder of ,work do
 not turn back--artists do not--duffers 
do4    ,illustration     ,,vii ,,the    
,,jaws1 ,,chicago  ,here is the real    
,chicago4 ,this was the first of these  
jaws ,i ever saw2 they are horrible1 but
 fascinating1 and typify the power1     
frightfulness1 and get-there of that    
mighty village3 picturesque beyond      
words1 terrible beyond description1     
fascinating beyond belief4 ,the most    
amazing thing in the most amazing mix-up
 in the world--,chicago4                
,illustration     ,,viii ,,stock        
,,yards1 ,,chicago  ,the lines of the   
pens or corrals1 or whatever they are   

called1 are fascinating to draw--and    
fascinating it is to watch the picadors1
 or cowboys1 or whatever you call them1 
rounding up the cattle1 and all the     
lines of the design lead up to the      
packing-houses which fill the distance4 
,i have never been in them1 don't want  
to go1 and have no interest in the      
social1 financial1 or sanitary condition
 of them4 ,i am always being criticised 
for lacking interest in such matters1   
but my critics do not realize ,i am     
simply an artist searching for the      
,wonder of ,work--not for               
morals--political economy--stories of   
sweating--the crime of ugliness4 ,i am  
trying to record the ,wonder of ,work as
 ,i see it1 that is all4                
,illustration     ,,ix ,,under ,,the    
,,bridges1 ,,chicago  ,bridges should be
 seen sometimes from below--from nowhere
 else are they so impressive4 ,the ,new 
,york bridges become a thousand times   
more impressive1 the ,forth ,bridge     
stretches on forever1 the ,viaduct de   

,garibault grows more and more graceful1
 the bridges at ,chicago grimmer4 ,this 
is the grimmest ,i have found4          
,illustration     ,x ,,the ,,cambria    
,,steel ,,works1 ,,johnstown  ,always   
when ,i have been going or coming east  
or west on the ,pennsylvania and reached
 ,johnstown ,i have meant to stop1 for  
from the train it seemed so fine4 ,now  
,i have stopped and know it is far finer
 than ,i imagined1 and that there are   
endless subjects up and down the river  
banks1 but this one of the steel works  
seems to me the finest--as magnificent  
as any ,i have ever seen anywhere4      
,illustration     ,,xi ,,pittsburgh1    
,,no4 #c  ,way down below the level road
 on which ,i stood1 way on the opposite 
side of the river1 ,pittsburgh lies a   
dark1 low mass1 hemmed in by its rivers1
 lorded by its hills2 in the hollow the 
smoke hangs so dense often ,i could not 
see the city at all1 but once in a while
 a breeze falls on the town1 and the    
great white skyscrapers come forth from 

the thick1 black cloud1 and the effect  
is glorious--the glorification of ,work1
 for ,pittsburgh is the work-city of the
 world4    ,illustration     ,,xii      
,,edgar ,,thomson ,,steel ,,works  ,i   
found these works and this view of them 
on a trolley ride out of ,pittsburgh4   
,they group themselves under their      
canopy of smoke as finely as any in the 
world1 and every works in the ,wonder of
 ,work has character--just as a tree    
has--but how much more impressive is a  
row of blast furnaces1 oil wells1 and   
coal breakers1 than trees6 ,yet these   
are the subjects of our age--naturally1 
scarcely any one ever looks at them1    
especially artists--though ,i hear the  
young artists of ,america have with     
money prizes been encouraged to take up 
,labor as a change from painting        
murals--but you can't help people to be 
artists or to see things1 they must do  
it for themselves4 ,the only artists who
 see things in the world are engineers  
and a few architects1 for the mill has  

taken the place of the cathedral--and   
the great craftsmen who once worked for 
,popes now work for captains of         
industry--for art follows money4        
,illustration     ,,xiii ,,on ,,the     
,,way ,,to ,,bessemer  ,a few years ago 
it would have been impossible to have   
done1 or even found1 the subjects in    
this book1 for one would have had an    
impossible tramp1 or a trip in a hack1  
and the nuisance and expense of it all1 
while the roads rarely went near the    
mills or works4 ,now the trolley whisks 
you about1 and frequently deserts the   
roads to get to the mills and pick up   
its passengers1 the workmen4 ,the       
trolley is by far the best guide to the 
,wonder of ,work in the world4 ,i had no
 idea what was at ,bessemer--or rather  
on the way to it4 ,i had been in the    
works1 but as the car mounted the hill  
,i saw the subject behind me1 and at the
 next stop jumped off and drew it1 and  
it is in this way my work has been done4
 ,it's all adventure--the adventure of  

hunting for the ,wonder of ,work1 and   
the love of the hunt has carried me all 
over ,europe and ,america4              
,illustration     ,,xiv ,,carnegie',s   
,,works1 ,,homestead  ,in the works at  
,homestead what interested me was the   
way the mills lie under the hills on the
 curving river1 the way that winds up to
 them1 the way the graceful iron bridges
 span it1 and the deep-sighing          
steamboats push the barges up and down2 
the way the clouds mingle with the      
smoke--the composition that is there4   
,illustration     ,,xv ,,coal           
,,breakers1 ,,shenandoah  ,one          
afternoon1 hunting for subjects1 ,i took
 the trolley from ,mahanoy ,city in the 
sunset to ,shenandoah1 and as we        
breasted a hill this is what ,i saw3 the
 long lines of crosses are trolley      
poles--the huge castle a coal breaker1  
the great town ,american1 but the       
people1 the miners who go to the        
churches which crown it1 speak languages
 and worship creeds ,i do not know or   

understand4 ,there1 and not in          
,philadelphia1 are the new              
,americans--but most ,americans do not  
know it--for their ways are not         
,philadelphia ways1 and their thoughts  
not those of ,spruce ,street4 ,and there
 is not a man among them who speaks     
,english hardly--and they are too       
ignorant to know that ,england is their 
,mother ,land4 ,but there is even more  
ignorance in ,spruce ,street4           
,illustration     ,,xvi ,,work          
,,castles1 ,,wilkes-,,barre  ,from the  
end of the new bridge which has replaced
 the wonderful old wooden ones that got 
one somehow across the ,susquehanna and 
other ,american rivers1 wandering just  
at sunset up the beautiful bank of the  
beautiful river1 ,i found this splendid 
subject4 ,all1 many would say1 that was 
wanted were some knights bringing home  
fair ladies2 all1 others would say1 was 
the poor workman1 trudging1 filled with 
,millet sentiment1 whiskey1 or his      
wrongs1 to the filthy hole he is allowed

 to live in and call his--for the       
time--home2 for these mining towns1 the 
fault of their inhabitants1 are         
pigsties--pigsties that no government in
 any country in the world but this would
 permit4 ,it is only in ,america that   
immigrants live like hogs--as they      
like--no government in ,europe would    
permit it4 ,i have seen both hemispheres
 and know most social reformers have    
not--and would not know if they had4 ,we
 are trying to clean up the world before
 we can clean our back yards4 ,but ,i   
only looked at the coal breaker as      
making1 perfecting1 carrying out a      
composition in a glorious landscape1 and
 for that reason ,i sat down and drew   
it4    ,illustration     ,,xvii         
,,building ,a ,,power-,,house1 ,,niagara
  ,the purists and the theorists have   
made a great fuss about the destruction 
of the ,falls and the vandals who have  
done it4 ,now the ,falls1 ,i believe1   
have not been lowered an inch1 and as   
for the power-houses1 they are most of  

them ,greek temples1 and placed just    
where the ,greeks would have placed     
them4 ,for once the ,greek temple is    
right in ,america1 and therefore the    
,american purist and theorist doesn't   
like it--he would not have liked ,greek 
temples had he been ,greek4 ,i did not  
draw the temples1 but the temples being 
built1 which was interesting4 ,below the
 bridge on the ,american side are older 
works1 wondrous works1 high on the      
cliffs1 great overflows of water gushing
 from the rock4 ,if they were in ,tivoli
 the purists would sit down between two 
trains and snapshot the cute ,villa     
d',else and the hansome ,villa of       
,hadrian1 or revile the spaghetti1 while
 a courier quoted ,baedeker at them4 ,at
 ,niagara they take off their clothes1  
put their feet on the piazza rail of the
 ,canadian hotel1 sigh over the         
power-houses1 delight in ginger-ale1 and
 forget the ,falls1 in the pages of a   
,saturday ,home ,magazine4 ,this        
lithograph is a proof that engineers    

design to-day for companies1 not        
churches4    ,illustration     ,,xviii  
,,building ,a ,,skyscraper1 ,,new ,,york
  ,this was the end1 and a most         
pictorial end1 of the old ,everett      
,house1 a hotel which had character as  
so few now have--in ,new ,york4 ,i saw  
it one cold ,november night and made the
 sketch on my way to a dinner party in  
old ,new ,york4 ,the dinner waited till 
,i got a sketch done1 for ,i knew the   
construction man would not4 ,so it was  
done4    ,illustration     ,,xix        
,,building ,,the ,,woolworth ,,building 
,here is a moody colossus--sometimes it 
is fine1 sometimes filthy4 ,it was all  
right the day ,i made this drawing1     
stately amid the clouds4 ,one thing it  
has done--it has made a new sky line and
 brought ,new ,york together again4 ,it 
comes up best from the river1 but no    
longer do the ,brooklyn river-boats run2
 from them ,i used to get the best      
views4 ,still1 there are other ways of  
seeing the ,wonder of ,work even now at 

,new ,york4    ,illustration     ,,xx   
,,butte1 ,,montana1 ,,on ,,its          
,,mountain ,,top  ,butte is the most    
pictorial place in ,america--therefore  
no one stops at it--and most people pass
 it in the night1 or do not take the    
trouble to look out of the car windows  
as they go by4 ,but there it is4 ,on the
 mountain side spring up the huge       
shafts4 ,the top is crowned not with    
trees but with chimneys4 ,low black     
villages of miners' houses straggle     
toward the foot of the mountain4 ,the   
barren plain is covered with gray1 slimy
 masses of refuse which crawl down to   
it--glaciers of work--from the hills4   
,the plain is seared and scored and     
cracked with tiny canyons1 all their    
lines leading to the mountain4 ,if you  
have the luck to reach the town early in
 the morning you will find it half      
revealed1 half concealed in smoke and   
mist and steam1 through which the       
strange shafts struggle up to the light1
 while all round the horizon the snow   

peaks silently shimmer above the noisy1 
hidden town4 ,if you have the still     
better fortune to reach it late in the  
evening you will see an ,alpine glow    
that the ,alps have never seen4 ,in the 
middle of the day the mountains         
disappear and there is nothing but glare
 and glitter1 union men and loafers     
about4    ,illustration     ,,xxi       
,,anaconda1 ,,montana  ,i have seen many
 volcanoes1 a few in eruption--that was 
terrible--but this great smelter at     
,anaconda always1 while ,i was there1   
pouring from its great stack high on the
 mountain its endless cloud pall of     
heavy1 drifting1 falling smoke1 was more
 wonderful--for this volcano is man's   
work and one of the ,wonders of ,work4  
,dead and gray and bare are the nearby  
hills1 glorious the snow-covered peaks  
far off1 but incredible is this endless 
rolling1 changing pillar of cloud1      
always there1 yet always different--and 
that country covered with great lakes1  
waterless1 glittering1 great lava beds  

of refuse stretching away in every      
direction down the mountain sides into  
the valleys1 swallowing up every vestige
 of life1 yet beautiful with the beauty 
of death--a death1 a plague which day by
 day spreads farther and farther over   
the land--silently overwhelming1        
all-devouring--a silent place of smoke  
and fire4    ,illustration     ,,xxii   
,,approach ,,to ,,duluth1 ,,the ,,land  
,,of ,,work ,,and ,,beauty  ,the lines  
of the winding waterways1 each leading  
to a furnace1 a mill1 an elevator1 are  
simply beautiful and the color          
absolutely lovely4 ,this is the modern  
landscape--a landscape that ,claude     
would have loved4 ,all his composition  
is in it--only the mills have replaced  
the palaces1 the trestle the aqueduct2  
instead of the stone pine1 there stands 
the water tower2 instead of the cypress1
 the automatic signal2 instead of the   
,cross1 the trolley pole4 ,soon1        
however1 all this will go--the mystery  
of the smoke will vanish in the         

clearness of electricity1 and the       
mystery of the trestle in the plainness 
of the concrete bridge4 ,but it is here 
now1 and the thing is to delight in it4 
,artists don't see it--and the railroad 
men who have made it don't know any more
 than the ,greeks what a marvellous     
thing they have made4    ,illustration  
,,xxiii ,,ore ,,wharves1 ,,duluth       
,mighty1 terrifying are these           
monsters--filled chock-full with ore1   
which1 when the empty steamers come     
alongside1 vomit roaring red and gold   
and brown streams of ore that load them 
in half an hour1 or less1 and then are  
ready for more4    ,illustration        
,,xxiv ,,ore ,,mines1 ,,hibbing  ,if one
 wants an idea of what the ,culebra ,cut
 looked like1 when the ,panama ,canal   
was being dug through the mountains1 it 
is only necessary to go to the ore mines
 near ,duluth4 ,there are the same great
 terraces1 the same steam shovels1      
digging and loading the dirt1 the same  
engines and trains1 and in some of the  

pits the forms are even                 
fine--amphitheatres1--only the seats and
 steps are gigantic4 ,but when the      
shadows begin to creep up from below1   
the place becomes a theatre for the     
gods1 a theatre where there are no      
spectators1 and the actors are the steam
 shovels with their white plumes and the
 engines with their black clouds4 ,but  
they are finer far than any poor        
mummer's makeshifts4 ,and every now and 
then comes a burst of applause as a     
blast is fired more thrilling than ever 
heard in a play theatre4 ,this is the   
theatre of the ,wonder of ,work4        
,illustration     ,,xxv ,,flour ,,mills1
 ,,minneapolis  ,the mills of           
,minneapolis are as impressive as the   
cathedrals of ,france4 ,there are places
 on the river where they group          
themselves into the same compositions1  
with the bridges below them1 that ,i    
found years ago at ,albi--only the color
 is different3 the rosy red of the      
,french brick is changed to dull        

concrete gray4 ,the tree masses below   
are the same1 and the old stone railroad
 bridge over the ,mississippi is just as
 drawable as that over the ,tarn4 ,the  
beauty of the flour mills is the beauty 
of use--they carry out ,william         
,morris's theory that everything useful 
should be beautiful--but ,i don't know  
what he would have said to them4 ,there 
are other subjects which recall ,tivoli1
 where the streams gush out from the    
bluffs or tumble and rush and roar from 
dark caverns between the huge modern    
masses of masonry as finely as they do  
in far-away ,italy4 ,those were the     
shrines of the gods--these are the      
temples of work1 the temples of our     
time4    ,illustration     ,,xxvi ,,the 
,,incline1 ,,cincinnati  ,there are     
hundreds of these inclines--ascenseurs1 
finiculari1 in the world--all           
fascinating from above or below--but ,i 
know of none so fascinating as this even
 among the numbers at ,cincinnati--none 
in which the pitch is steeper1 the stop 

so sudden--none where the streets lead  
direct to the heart of the city2 no city
 so dominated1 concentrated1 at its     
heart1 by its lone white skyscraper1 as 
,cincinnati4 ,that is why ,i drew it2   
and1 as ,i drew1 the boy who opened and 
shut the gates came and told me he      
wanted to be a poet1 that he was a poet1
 and that ,poe was the greatest         
,american author1 which most great      
,americans do not know1 and that he     
loved ,shelley1 and so ,i recommended   
,whitman to him1 of whom he had not     
heard1 and advised him to attend to his 
gates and his poetry and then he might  
do something4 ,and he asked me if ,i had
 done anything myself4 ,if ,i had made  
good6 ,well1 have ,i8    ,illustration  
,,xxvii ,,victor ,,emmanuel ,,monument1 
,,rome  ,a triumph of misdirected work  
which has swallowed millions with no    
result--only while it was being built1  
the scaffolding which surrounded it was 
magnificent1 and from where ,i made the 
drawing on the ,palatine it told the    

story of ancient1 medival1 and modern   
work in ,rome4    ,illustration         
,,xxviii ,,rebuilding ,,the ,,campanile1
 ,,venice  ,the changes in the methods  
of work between ,canaletto's time and   
mine were never more clearly shown4     
,when he drew the building being        
restored1 it was hidden in scaffolding2 
when it was rebuilt1 as ,i saw it1 a few
 years ago1 everything was done from the
 inside1 till the top was reached1 men  
and materials being carried up on       
elevators4 ,it is said one of our       
ingenious ,american ,captains of ,labor 
offered to rebuild it free if the       
,venetians would let him put two        
elevators in1 and have the profits of   
them for twenty-five years1 after which 
he would hand it to the city and retire 
on the results4 ,the ,syndic declined1  
but put in the elevators4               
,illustration     ,,xxix ,,return ,,from
 ,,work1 ,,carrara1 ,,italy  ,i have    
never seen anything so impressive as the
 quarries at ,carrara4 ,the great white 

masses one can see as the train passes  
,carrara station1 or from ,pisa1 are not
 snow1 as many think1 but marble--high  
on the tops of the mountains1 quarried  
for centuries by regiments of men who   
toil on foot1 in trains or are swung up 
in baskets to the summit4 ,then down the
 roughest track1 only smoothed by the   
blocks1 the marble is dragged by teams  
of oxen1 driven by men sitting backward1
 to the railroad or the harbor4 ,the    
contrast between the dazzling blocks1   
the blue sky and black trees1 and       
untouched mountain side is intense4     
,illustration     ,,xxx ,,the ,,new     
,,bay ,,of ,,baie1 ,,italy  ,i have no  
doubt ,i shall be told ,i am cheekily   
reckless to tackle ,turner's subject--,i
 have even known a collector to get rid 
of this print with scorn--but ,i am glad
 ,i drew it4 ,i do not know if ,turner  
made his drawing from the same point4   
,just where1 after the long climb up the
 hill from ,naples1 between the cliffs1 
the road begins to descend1 it turns1   

and all this is before you4 ,i do not   
know whether it will be in existence    
when the book appears1 or battered to   
ruin1 but ,i do know that nowhere in the
 world is there such a combination of   
classic and medival motives and the     
spirit of modern work as in this view   
from the top of the hill looking down on
 the land and the sea near ,naples4     
,illustration     ,,xxxi ,,the ,,harbor 
,,at ,,genoa1 ,,italy  ,in ,italy alone 
can the wonder of the old and new work  
be found4 ,this subject must have been  
sketched by ,claude--for these two      
lighthouses appear--or others like      
them--possibly at ,civita ,vecchia1     
again and again in his paintings4 ,but  
he never saw the harbor crowded with    
steamers1 the twinkling lines of        
electric light1 the cranes1 the engines 
and the docks4 ,i have1 and have tried  
to draw them all4    ,illustration      
,,xxxii ,,the ,,great ,,white ,,cloud1  
,,leeds  ,i saw this extraordinary      
effect one day at ,leeds4 ,nothing could

 be finer than the way the great1       
strange furnaces told like castles--and 
they are work castles--against the great
 white clouds of a summer day in        
,england4    ,illustration     ,,xxxiii 
,,potland1 ,,england  ,on its little    
hill1 entirely covering it among the    
,five ,towns1 stands this work town4    
,pottery kilns and chimneys1 and not    
church spires and campanile1 crown it4  
,but in that land of work--coal mines   
and factory stacks about--it is perfect 
as a composition--as fine as any of the 
little towns ,rembrandt drew and ,drer  
built4 ,i don't even know its name4     
,illustration     ,,xxxiv ,,the ,,river 
,,of ,,work1 ,,leeds1 ,,england         
,slow-moving1 filthy1 black--here and   
there gleams of iridescence lovely as   
old glass--that come from oil waste on  
the water--it winds smellily through the
 ,black ,county of ,england4 ,there are 
many of these rivers in the world4 ,over
 them brood black1 murky clouds1 great  
black chimneys vomit black smoke1 and   

then for a moment the sun breaks through
 and turns all to glory4                
,illustration     ,,xxxv ,,the ,,great  
,,chimney1 ,,bradford  ,there it stood1 
solitary--beyond1 behind1               
below--climbing up the endless hills    
silhouetting the horizon1 revealed and  
hidden by showers1 smoke1 clouds1       
chimneys and chimneys and chimneys--the 
endless landmarks of industrial         
,england4  ,this etching illustrates1   
too1 the necessity of doing the ,wonder 
of ,work when you find a subject1 and   
not saying1 ,i will come again and do it
 later--and you must find your subjects 
for yourself3 no one can tell you where 
there is a fine smoke effect or a       
stunning steam jet4 ,i had made the     
etching and later was in ,bradford again
 and went back to look at it4 ,not only 
had it all been fenced in1 but a new    
factory was being built round it--it had
 completely disappeared4                
,illustration     ,,xxxvi ,,the ,,great 
,,stack1 ,,sheffield  ,if either you    

have the brains1 or it is clear enough1 
you can see this great stack dominating 
the whole landscape and townscape as you
 come out of the railroad station at    
,sheffield4 ,a great ,american literary 
person actually saw it and regretted1 on
 an editorial page1 that no artist ever 
looked at such subjects2 but when ,i not
 only wrote him that ,i had etched it   
already and sent him a proof to prove   
it1 he never acknowledged my letter1 but
 he kept the proof4 ,i may say that in  
#ahhc ,i made a series of illustrations 
of work subjects in ,sheffield which    
were printed in ,harper's ,magazine4    
,two things always impressed me in that 
town--the boiling water in the rivers   
and the abominable habits of the natives
 in the streets1 who from across the    
rivers and behind walls and other safe  
places 'eave arf a brick at you if you  
dare to draw4    ,illustration          
,,xxxvii ,,thames ,,works1 ,,london     
,along the sunny ,thames still linger   
the old docks1 old warehouses--worked in

 the old out-of-date way--mostly by     
hand4 ,ashore and afloat the port of    
,london is the most out-of-date place in
 the world--and it's scarcely even      
picturesque any longer4    ,illustration
     ,,xxxviii ,,schneider',s ,,works   
,,at ,,creusot  ,this is the ,volcano of
 ,work1 and the blast furnaces are its  
crater4 ,right in the town1 but below   
it1 surrounded by high hills1 it stands1
 and you can1 from the corner of the    
,grande ,rue1 look down into the        
seething depths of it--and every little 
while it pants1 it roars1 and then      
explodes in fire and fume4 ,this drawing
 was made from the hills opposite the   
town1 but shows how like the crater of a
 volcano the whole place is4            
,illustration     ,,xxxix ,,old ,,and   
,,new ,,mills1 ,,valenciennes  ,nowhere 
have ,i ever seen the old and the new so
 contrasted as here1 both mills         
working--both pictorial--and both       
probably now destroyed4    ,illustration
     ,,xl ,,the ,,lake ,,of ,,fire1     

,,charleroi1 ,,belgium  ,at night all   
furnaces are infernal1 but ,charleroi is
 the most terrifying of all4 ,by the    
roadside was a black lake beyond a      
roaring furnace4 ,an engine pushed a car
 of molten slag to the top of the dump  
and dumped it4 ,the living liquid fire  
roared and tumbled into the lake1       
turning it to fire4    ,illustration    
,,xli ,,the ,,great ,,dump1 ,,charleroi1
 ,,belgium  ,near all great works these 
great dumps are1 but none ,i have seen  
are so great as those of ,belgium4 ,the 
refuse is carried by travellers to them1
 received either by girls who no longer 
dress as ,meunier saw them1 but in      
coarse1 thick1 short gowns1 their hair  
tied up in white towels4 ,or the slag   
and dirt are dumped directly on the     
growing mountain1 and this refuse falls 
in the most beautiful lines and the most
 lovely grays and browns1 like velvet or
 the fur of some huge beast1 which grows
 and grows1 towering over the chimneys1 
the furnaces looming up through the     

smoke1 always growing and growing1 fed  
by the travellers which carry to it an  
endless chain of creaking buckets high  
in air1 sometimes for a kilometre1 over 
ploughed fields and slow-moving rivers1 
to these work mountains4                
,illustration     ,,xlii ,,the ,,iron   
,,gate1 ,,charleroi1 ,,belgium  ,high in
 the air the iron gate hangs--the       
entrance to the great works4 ,when there
 is a strike it comes down1 and not only
 is it topped with sharp spikes1 but1 ,i
 was told1 it could be charged with     
electricity and is pierced with holes   
through which to shoot4 ,on either side 
are guard-houses on the wall1 fitted    
with guns--all these preparations made  
for strikers1 for industrial war4 ,now  
that real war has come1 ,i wonder what  
part the iron gate plays4               
,illustration     ,,xliii ,,cranes1     
,,duisburg1 ,,germany  ,i know nothing  
of the lifting power or any other       
accomplishments of these cranes1 but ,i 
do know that nowhere in the world are   

there such huge1 such picturesque cranes
 as those of ,germany1 and in ,germany  
the finest are in and around ,duisburg  
and ,hamburg4 ,they may not carry any   
more than1 or as much as1 ,american     
machines1 but they are far bigger and   
more drawable1 and those on the high    
banks of the ,rhine superbly placed1    
each full of character1 each worth      
drawing4    ,illustration     ,,xliv    
,,new ,,rhine1 ,,germany  ,the ,rhine is
 wonderful from the sea to the          
source--but fine as one finds the old   
castles and the combinations of old     
castles and new mills1 the new mills1   
new ,rhine castles1 have made a new     
river1 and they are the most interesting
 things on it4    ,illustration         
,,xlv ,,building ,,the ,,railroad       
,,station ,,leipzig1 ,,germany  ,it is  
difficult to tell whether an ,american  
railroad station is a ,greek temple1 a  
,christian ,science church1 a free      
library1 a bank1 a museum1 or a         
millionaire's residence or his tomb4 ,a 

,german railroad station looks like a   
railroad station and nothing else4  ,i  
believe this station is larger--it is   
certainly far better designed than      
anything in ,america--but the building  
of it1 with the great1 half-finished    
arches looming up1 was a splendid       
motive4 ,i was in ,leipzig in ,april1   
#aiad1 drew this2 ,i returned in ,june  
and the subject was gone2 all that      
remained was the ,graphic ,art and ,book
 ,exhibition1 the finest ever held      
anywhere4 ,and that was ruined by the   
fools who brought on the fool war4      
,illustration     ,,xlvi ,,building     
,,the ,,bridge ,,at ,,cologne  ,drawn   
after war was declared with ,russia1    
#aiad4  ,it is a fashion of the art     
critic to praise ,japanese arrangement  
and construction4 ,no ,japanese ever    
designed so pictorial and so powerful a 
bridge as this1 yet1 on the whole1 it   
looks like a ,japanese bridge and has   
the feeling of one1 but it is doubtful  
if the engineer who designed it ever saw

 ,hiroshigi's prints4    ,illustration  
,,xlvii ,,building ,,the ,,bismarck1    
,,hamburg  ,i believe the ,bismarck is  
the biggest ship--or the biggest ,german
 ship--yet launched2 the crane beside   
her is the biggest and the most         
wonderfully controlled ,i have ever seen
 anywhere1 and the whole made a         
composition as fine as anything in the  
,wonder of ,work4    ,illustration      
,,xlviii ,,the ,,hut ,,of ,,the ,,cape  
,,of ,,good ,,hope  ,never anywhere1    
even in orderly ,germany1 have ,i seen  
such an orderly place as this steel     
works1 and yet it was picturesque4      
,every chimney1 retort1 and furnace     
seemed to be cleaned daily4 ,there was  
in the late afternoon light a beautiful 
blue sheen on the furnaces1 the brick of
 the chimneys was delicate red which    
harmonized with the gold and rose fumes 
from the blasts1 amid all the white     
smoke was pierced with purple and blue1 
and in front was the greenest grass plot
 ,i have ever seen1 kept1 like all the  

works1 in perfect order1 and around the 
outer border engines were dragging the  
most lurid melted white-hot             
refuse--roaring fire4    ,illustration  
,,xlix ,,shipyard1 ,,hamburg1 ,,germany 
,the pattern of the steel work of this  
shipbuilding yard was like lace1 yet in 
this delicate lacework maze the most    
powerful men-of-war1 the largest        
merchant ships1 were built and          
launched--yet the effect of these yards 
was filmy1 delicate1 gossamer--the most 
beautiful lines ,i know in the ,wonder  
of ,work4    ,illustration     ,l       
,,krupp',s ,,works1 ,,essen1 ,,germany  
,i shall not tell the story how ,i made 
this print--many others in the book have
 stories1 too--but ,i will say that     
,essen is pictorially among the least   
interesting of the great work cities of 
the world1 because1 first1 much of it is
 new1 up-to-date and therefore          
uninteresting artistically1 and1 second1
 because it stands in a plain1          
surrounded by high walls1 and ,i never  

have been able to find a point where ,i 
could see anything4 ,still1 there are   
great subjects in the shops1 and this is
 one of them4    ,illustration     ,,li 
,,power-,,house1 ,,berlin1 ,,germany  ,i
 always love these power-houses with    
their huge chimneys1 but it is rare     
indeed that they compose so well as     
this4 ,but many other industrial palaces
 in ,berlin are fine3 the ,general      
,electric ,company's works1 its dynamo  
building shops1 and the city gasometers 
which have been made into modern work   
castles of the most enormous bulk2 and  
the much-written-about flower-covered   
buildings of the work people4 ,all these
 make up the ,wonder of ,work in        
,berlin4    ,illustration     ,,lii     
,,schnaaps ,,at ,,schiedaam1 ,,holland  
,as the ,continental express from the   
,hook of ,holland reached ,schiedaam the
 traveller who was not fast asleep--most
 were--could see the old town where work
 crowns war--each bastion bears a       
windmill1 while from the city within the

 walls endlessly rise and silently drift
 away masses of white smoke clouds1     
showing for one moment1 hiding the next1
 the spires1 towers1 and domes of the   
city4 ,i do not know what makes the     
smoke clouds--whether ,schnaaps or      
not--but there they always are--and are 
always to be seen from the station      
platform from which ,i made the drawing4
    ,illustration          ,,joseph     
,,pennell',s ,,pictures      ,,of ,,the 
,,panama ,,canal       ,,fifth          
,,printing  ,twenty-eight reproductions 
of lithographs made on the ,isthmus of  
,panama1 ,january-,march1 #aiab1 with   
,mr4 ,pennell's introduction1 giving his
 experiences and impressions1 and a full
 description of each picture4 ,volume #g
 by #aj inches4 ,beautifully printed on 
dull-finished paper4 ,lithograph by ,mr4
 ,pennell on cover4 #a4be net4  ,mr4    
,pennell continues in this publication  
the fine work which has won for him so  
much deserved popularity4 ,he does not  
merely portray the technical side of the

 work1 but rather prefers the human     
element4--,american ,art ,news4         
,,joseph ,,pennell',s ,,pictures        
,,in ,,the ,,land ,,of ,,temples  ,forty
 reproductions of lithographs made in   
the ,land of ,temples1 ,march-,june1    
#aiac1 together with impressions and    
notes by the artist4 ,introduction by   
,w4 ,h4 ,d4 ,rouse1 ,litt4 ,d4 ,crown   
quarto1 printed on dull-finished paper1 
lithograph by ,mr4 ,pennell on cover4   
#a4be net4  ,mr4 ,pennell's drawings of 
classical temples as they have come down
 to us are among the very best work of  
this kind that he has ever done4        
,,our ,,philadelphia       ,,by         
,,elizabeth ,,robins ,,pennell          
,,illustrated ,,by ,,joseph ,,pennell   
,,regular ,,edition4 ,containing one    
hundred and five reproductions of       
lithographs by ,joseph ,pennell4 ,quarto
 #g by #aj inches1 ,,xiv-#eeb pages4    
,handsomely bound in red buckram1 boxed4
 #g4ej net4  ,,autograph ,,edition4     
,limited to #bhi copies 7now very       

scarce74 ,contains ten drawings         
reproduced by a new lithograph process  
in addition to the illustrations that   
appear in the regular edition4 ,quarto4 
,,xvi-#eeb pages4 ,specially bound in   
genuine ,english linen buckram in city  
colors in cloth-covered box4 #ah4jj net4
        ,,life ,,of      ,,james        
,,mcneill ,,whistler       ,,by         
,,elizabeth ,,robins ,,pennell ,,and    
,,joseph ,,pennell       ,,thoroughly   
,,revised1 ,,fifth ,,edition  ,the      
,authorized ,life1 with much new matter 
added which was not available at the    
time of issue of the elaborate          
two-volume edition1 now out of print4   
,fully illustrated with #ig plates      
reproduced from ,whistler's works4      
,crown octavo4 ,,xx-#dej pages1         
,whistler binding1 deckle edge4 #c4ej   
net4 ,three-quarter grain levant1 #g4ej 
net4  ,proofs of some of the            
,lithographs and ,etchings in these     
books may be obtained on application to 
the publishers4