,digital ,libr>y47            ,love &   
,m>riage     ,by    ,ell5 ,key    ,au?or
 ( 8,! ,c5tury ( ! ,*ild10 etc4         
,translat$ f ! ,sw$i% by    ,ar?ur ,g4  
,*at]     ,) a ,critical & ,biographical
 ,introduction by    ,havelock ,ellis   
,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons   ,new ,york &  
,london    ,! ,knick]bock] ,press       
,,copyright1 #aiaa    ,,by    ,g4 ,p4   
,,putnam',s ,,sons    ,n9? ,pr9t+    ,! 
,knick]bock] ,press4 ,new ,york         
,,publi%]s' ,,note   ,9 ?is treatise1 ! 
vet]an ,sw$i% re=m] attacks problems !  
mo/ vital to ! welf>e ( ! human race1   
problems :i* h ?r\gh\t ! c5turies engag$
 ! att5tion ( lead]s ( ?\ght4  ,! writ]s
 :o h giv5 att5tion to ! complex subject
 ( ! relations ( ! sexes1 ( !           
obligations ( ! /ate 9 ! control ( ^!   
relations1 & ( ! organisation ( ! family
 z ! f\ndation ( society1 include su*   
au?ors z ,plato1 ,goe!1 ,ri*t]1         
,r\sseau1 ,m>y ,woll/onecraft1 ,f\ri]1  
,comte1 ,mrs4 ,br[n+1 ,mill1 ,ibs51     
,we/]m>ck1 ,*>lotte ,gilman1 ,havelock  

,ellis1 & _m o!rs4  ,^! problems are    
complex1 & ! difficulties pres5t$ by !m 
mo/ s]i\s4 ,no writ] has ev] yet pres5t$
 solutions t c\ld be accept$ z f9ally   
satisfactory4 ,ell5 ,key writes ) a     
pr(\nd antagonism to ! phili/9ism &     
hypocrisy :i* h *>act]is$ mu* ( !       
consid]ation giv5 by ! community to !   
subjects4 ,%e po9ts out 7z has1 ( c\rse1
 be5 emphasis$ by _m e>li] writ]s7 t !  
ignor+ ( an evil does n dispose ( x1 & t
 s f> f pres]v+ society f its influ5ce1 
! bury+ ( an evil m]ely t5ds to increase
 its corrupt+ & demoralis+ results4     
,:e!r or n ! read] be prep>$ to accept !
 conclusions & recomm5dations ( ! ,sw$i%
 ?9k]1 he mu/ recognise t ^! conclusions
 repres5t ! result ( pa9/ak+ & s*ol>ly  
?\ght & inve/igation4 ,d>+ & iconocla/ic
 z !y may be1 ! views ( ,ell5 ,key are  
pres5t$ ) a calmness & philosophy (     
me?od t is absolutely free f any trace (
 s5sationalism4 ,! book1 :i* is be+     
di/ribut$ 9 half a doz5 languages to a  
_w's public1 mu/ be accept$ z a mo/     

important contribution to philosophic   
?\ght4  ,! introduction by ,havelock    
,ellis1 himself an au?ority on social   
problems1 w help to make cle> its       
purpose & "*4   ,,new ,,york1 ,janu>y1  
#aiaa4     ,,cont5ts                    
,,page    ,,introduction ,,by ,,havelock
 ,,ellis                         vii    
,,*apt]        ,i4 ,,! ,,c\rse ,,(      
,,developm5t ,,( ,,sexual ,,morality    
#a       ,,ii4 ,,! ,,evolution ,,(      
,,love                            #eg   
,,iii4 ,,love',s ,,fre$om               
#ajg       ,,iv4 ,,love',s ,,selection  
#adj        ,v4 ,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,mo!rhood 
#afi       ,,vi4 ,,exemption ,,f        
,,mo!rhood                       #bjj   
,,vii4 ,,collective ,,mo!rl9ess         
#bdf     ,,viii4 ,,free ,,divorce       
#bhg       ,,ix4 ,a ,,new ,,m>riage     
,,law                              #cei 
,,introduction   ,ell5 ,key1 ^: mo/     
important book is "h = ! fir/ "t pres5t$
 9 ,engli%1 is no /rang] 9 !            
,engli%-speak+ _w4 ,h] ,c5tury ( ! ,*ild

 has already f\nd _m appreciative read]s
 9 ,am]ica z well z 9 ,engl&4 ,ell5 ,key
 is desc5d$ f a ,scot* ,highl&]1        
,colonel ,m',key 7probably ( ! fam\s    
,mac,kay clan7 :o f\ght "u ,gu/avus     
,adolphus1 & %e atta*es no little       
significance to ?is ance/ry4 ,%e has    
always int]e/$ h]self 9 ,engli% matt]s1 
& is well acqua9t$ ) ! life & lit]ature 
( ,great ,brita92 b %e belongs fir/ &   
=emo/ to ,sc&9avia4  ,%e 0 born 9 #ahdi 
9 ! ,sw$i% prov9ce ( ,smal&1 on a c\ntry
 e/ate ( h] fa!r4 ,he _h play$ a        
di/+ui%$ "p 9 ! ,sw$i% p>liam5t z an    
av[$ radical1 b 8 wife 0 a repres5tative
 ( an old & noble family4 ,ell51 _!     
elde/ *ild1 0 m>k$ f an e>ly age by h]  
love ( nature & ( natural ?+s4 ,?is     
devotion to nature may be consid]$      
h]$it>y1 = h] great-gr&fa!r 0 an ard5t  
disciple ( ,r\sseau1 & a special admir] 
( ,r\sseau's fam\s treatise on          
,education4 ,he gave to 8 son ! "n (    
mile1 :i* 0 h&$ d[n to ,ell5 ,key's     
fa!r4 ,x 0 p]haps ow+ to ! ,r\sseau     

tradition t ! "y girl 0 initiat$ f      
*ildhood 9 swimm+1 r[+1 rid+1 & o!r     
ex]cises !n usually res]v$ = boys4 ,at !
 same "t1 %e lov$ music & dev\r$ books  
includ+ ,scott's novels & ,%akespe>e's  
plays4 ,an e>ly en?usiasm 0 = ,goe!'s   
,h]mann & ,doro!a2 x may be said1 inde$1
 t ! ideal ( natural1 beautiful1 &      
h>moni\s liv+ = :i* t book /&s has nev] 
left ,ell5 ,key4 ,%e 0 educat$ = ! mo/  
"p at home by ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 & ,sw$i%   
tea*]s1 b x may easily be believ$ t a   
girl ( s mu* individuality ( "*1 s      
impetu\s & s indep5d5t1 prov$ a         
difficult *ild to manage & 0 (t5        
misund]/ood4 ,"o may div9e z mu* f !    
sympa!tic attitude t[>ds *ildr5 & !     
rev]5ce = _! heal?y in/9cts1 :i* are    
reveal$ 9 ,! ,c5tury ( ! ,*ild4         
,=tunately "y ,ell5 _h a wise & disc]n+ 
"m1 to :om %e ow$ mu*2 ) a f9e          
intuition1 ?is "m ov]look$ h] daught]'s 
indiff]5ce to dome/ic vocations & left  
h] free to foll[ h] own in/9cts1 at !   
same "t ex]cis+ a judici\s influ5ce ov] 

h] developm5t4 ,:ile /ill a "y girl1 !  
future au?or1 inspir$ by ,bjrnson & o!r 
,sc&9avian writ]s1 conceiv$ ! idea (    
devot+ h]self to ! /udy ( ! condition ( 
! p & wrote sev]al novels on peasant    
life4 ,a rem>k ( h] "m's--t h] daught]  
surely c\ld n be meant to write novels1 
because ! ma9 que/ions = h] 7 8!        
que/ions ( h] own s\l0--op5$ h] eyes to 
! tru? t fiction c\ld n be h] vocation4 
,b %e 0 v f> f kn[+ :at h] life's "w 0  
to be1 & h] dreams 7 ( love & mo!rhood1 
n ( a c>e]4  ,) ,bjrnson %e 0 ?r\gh\t 9 
fri5dly relation%ip4 ,he _h recognis$ h]
 f9e abilities be=e %e ev5 began to     
write1 & %e on h] side 0 full (         
admiration = 8 g5ius1 /r5g?1 & goodness4
 ,! o!r _w-fam\s writ] ( ,sc&9avia ,ell5
 ,key le>n$ to "k ?r\gh 8 "w at ! age ( 
eighte51 :5 h] "m pres5t$ to h] ,love's 
,com$y1 ,br&1 & ,pe] ,gynt2 ?is also 0  
an influ5tial ev5t 9 h] life4 ,among    
writ]s to :om %e 0 lat] attract$ 7      
,elizabe? ,b4 ,br[n+1 ,george ,eliot1   
,john ,/u>t ,mill1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 &     

,john ,rusk94  ,at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree1  
,ell5 ,key began ^? con/ant excursions  
to all ! great c5tres ( ,europe1 :i* may
 be said nev] s9ce to h ceas$1 at fir/ 9
 ! company ( h] fa!r1 ^: secret>y1      
confidant1 & almo/ co-work] %e _h       
become1 & %e 0 ?us gradually l$ to writ+
 = j\rnals4 ,a love ( art seems to h be5
 a prim>y inspiration ( ^! e>ly j\rneys1
 = at ?is "t ,ell5 ,key 0 fasc9at$ by ! 
art ( pa9t+ z %e has always be5 by !    
great] art ( liv+1 & h] wide k (        
pictures has (t5 happily illum9at$ h]   
lat] writ+s4 ,aft] #ahhj1 h[ev]1 :5 h]  
fa!r1 z ! result ( an agricultural      
crisis1 lo/ 8 prop]ty1 %e 0 compell$1 at
 ! age ( ?irty1 to *oose a c>e] & = a "t
 became a tea*] 9 a girls' s*ool4 ,%e _h
 always be5 attract$ to tea*+ & _m ye>s 
e>li]1 at ! in/igation ( ,bjrnson1 _h   
/udi$ ! s*ool sy/em ( ,d5m>k4 ,at a lat]
 p]iod %e gave c\rses ( lectures 9      
lit]ature1 hi/ory1 & /hetics4 ,= tw5ty  
ye>s %e occupi$ ! ,*air ( ,hi/ory (     
,civilisation 9 ,sw$5 at ! ,popul>      

,univ]sity ( ,/ockholm4  ,! e>ly ye>s ( 
h] c>e] z a tea*] seem to h be5 a p]iod 
9 ,ell5 ,key's life ( mu* /ruggle1      
h>d%ip1 & m5tal depression due to       
p]sonal sorr[s4 ,among/ ^! 7 ! dea?s 9  
rapid succession ( sev]al di/+ui%$ wom5 
) :om %e 0 closely associat$1 ,sophie   
,k[alevsky1 ,anna ,*>lotte ,leffl]1 &   
7by suicide7 ,ern/ ,ahlgr54 ,%e _h n yet
 rea*$ full developm5t nor f\nd h] true 
place 9 ! _w4 ,al?\gh h] abilities1 :5  
%e 0 /ill a girl ( tw5ty1 _h be5 disc]n$
 by a di/+ui%$ ,sw$i% woman's rights    
advocate1 ,sophie ,adl]sp>re1 :o        
enc\rag$ h] to write = h] j\rnal1 %e has
 always be5 %y & diffid5t1 ) none ( !   
self-confid5t qualities1 :i* an outsid] 
might be tempt$ to attribute to h]1 ( an
 impos+ ,cor9ne4 ,%e publi%$ no book    
till %e _h rea*$ middle-age--mo/ ( h]   
be/ books belong to ! pres5t c5tury--&  
?\gh %e _h s f> ov]come h] timidity z to
 discuss lit]>y & /hetic que/ions be=e a
 public audi5ce1 %e _h yet sc>cely t\*$ 
op5ly on ^? dang]\s & difficult que/ions

 :i* ar\se fi]ce antagonisms4 ,x requir$
 "s assault on h] mo/ *]i%$ convictions 
to ar\se h] lat5t c\rage4 ,?is occurr$  
:5 an old ,sw$i% law aga9/ h]esy 0      
reviv$ 9 ord] to s5d to prison "s "y m5 
:o _h freely argu$ ! consequ5ces1 z !y  
conceiv$ !m1 ( ! ,d>w9ian doctr9e 9     
religion & sexual morals4 ,!re is no?+ s
 sacr$ to ,ell5 ,key z ! "r to p]sonal  
op9ion & p]sonal developm5t2 ! sight (  
any inju/ice or oppression has always   
mov$ h] pr(\ndly1 & on ?is occasion %e  
sprang =w>d into ! fray l a lioness 9   
def5ce ( h] cubs4 ,%e is1 9 ! op9ion (  
,georg ,br&es1 8a born orator10 & %e    
publicly br\ght h] eloqu5ce to ! s]vice 
( ! cause %e _h at he>t4 ,h] discussion 
( ! "q 0 m>k$ by mod]ation1 skill1 &    
le>n+1 b h] attitude on ?is occasion    
s]v$ to def9e publicly h] real position4
 ,!nce=w>d ! conv5tionally respectable  
elem5ts ( ,sw$i% society felt ju/ifi$1  
accord+ to ! usual rule1 9 deal+ out    
reckless & r&om abuse to ! d>+ pione]4  
,%e1 on h] side1 reta9$ h] s]5ity1      

rema9+ a true woman1 ) mu* ( ! "m 9 h] &
 some?+ ( ! *ild1 b be=e long h] lit]>y 
activities develop$ along h] own native 
l9es1 & 9 full maturity %e frankly      
approa*$ ! ess5tial que/ions ( life & ! 
s\l4 ,a consid]able s]ies ( volumes     
began rapidly to appe>1 (t5 r in=mal 9  
me?od & p]sonal 9 /yle1 b freely foll[+ 
! au?or's ?\ght & feel+1 full1 n only ( 
ard5t en?usiasm b ( f9e intuition &     
mell[ wisdom4 ,9 #aijc 0 begun !        
publication ( h] mo/ ext5sive "w1       
,lifsl9j] 7,l9es ( ,life71 ( :i* "w !   
fir/ two volumes con/itute ! book "h    
pres5t$ to ! ,engli% read]4 ,a few ye>s 
lat] appe>$ ,! ,c5tury ( ! ,*ild & 9    
#aiji ,! ,woman's ,movem5t1 by _m reg>d$
 z ! be/ /atem5t :i* has be5 made ( t   
movem5t 9 its wide/ be>+s4 ,ell5 ,key   
has also publi%$ a long s]ies ( essays  
on lit]>y p]sonalities--,c4 ,j4 ,l4     
,almqui/1 ! ,br[n+s1 ,anna ,*>lotte     
,leffl]1 ,ern/ ,ahlgr51 etc4--:o h      
appeal$ to h] z illu/rat+ "s aspect ( h]
 own ideals4 ,! late/ ( ^! is a l5g?y   

/udy ( ,rahel ,v>nhag54#a  ,ell5 ,key is
 a ,sc&9avian & may p]haps ev5 be said  
to be a typical figure ( ! c\ntry ^:    
=emo/ woman %e is4 ,moreov]1 %e loves h]
 own l& & is resolv$ to sp5d ! re/ ( h] 
life 9 a h\se %e proposes to build 9 a  
beautiful "p ( ! c\ntry1 ,alva/ra1 ne>  
,lake ,wett]1 close to ! ru9s ( ! fir/  
,sw$i% mona/]y1 a spot already sacr$    
?r\gh its associations ) ! great ,sw$i% 
sa9t1 ,brigitta4 ,b ! prophet is a      
prophet ev]y:]e except 9 8 own c\ntry4  
,x is easy to f9d e/imable ,sw$es :o are
 f> f anxi\s to claim ! hon\r :i* ,ell5 
,key reflects on _! l&4 ,x is 9 ,g]many 
t h] fame has be5 made4 ,to-day !       
,g]mans1 & n lea/ ! ,g]man wom51 awak+ f
 a long p]iod ( quiesc5ce1 are          
inaugurat+ a new phase ( ! woman        
movem5t4 ,! fir/ phase ( t movem5t dates
 f ! eighte5? c5tury1 & its ideals 7    
*iefly m\ld$ by a succession ( di/+ui%$ 
,engli% wom5 :o claim$ = _! sex ! same  
human rights z = m53 ! same "r to be    
educat$1 ! same "r to adopt ! occupation

 !y 7 fitt$ =1 ! same political rights4 
,9 ! c\rse ( a c5tury ^! claims1 al?\gh 
n yet completely realis$1 h gradually   
be5 m & m g5]ally conc$$ z reasonable4  
,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 x began to be se5 
t ^! dem&s1 important z !y are1 by no   
means cov] ! :ole gr\nd1 :ile1 tak5     
sep>ately1 !y 7 liable to lead 9 a false
 direction2 !y t5d$ to mascul9ise wom5 &
 !y ignor$ ! claims ( ! race4 ,9 _!     
ard\r = emancipation1 wom5 sometimes    
seem$ anxi\s to be emancipat$ f _! sex4 
,?us x 0 n en\gh to claim woman's place 
z a human be+--especially 9 an age :5   
man 0 reg>d$ z ! human be+ p>           
excell5ce--b x also became necess>y to  
claim woman's place 9 ! _w z a woman4 ,t
 0 n1 z x might at fir/ seem1 a n>r[] b 
a wid] claim4 ,= on ! m]ely human basis 
wom5 7 r$uc$ to ! level ( competitive   
/ruggle ) m51 7 all[$ to br+ no         
contribution ( _! own to ! solution (   
common problems1 &1 wor/ ( all1 _!      
supreme position 9 ! _w z mo!rs ( ! race
 0 altoge!r ignor$4 ,s t ! ass]tion ( ! 

ess5tial rights ( wom5 z wom5 meant at !
 same "t ! ass]tion ( ! rights ( society
 & ! race to ! be/ t wom5 h to give4 ,x 
0 c]ta9ly by no accid5t t ! ,g]mans1 :o 
once be=e l$ ! evolution ( ,europe by _!
 triumphant ass]tion ( ! fundam5tal     
human impulses & h s9ce be5 pione]s 9   
social organisation1 %\ld take ! lead+  
"p 9 ! inauguration ( ?is new phase ( ! 
woman movem5t4  ,! publication ( ,ell5  
,key's books correspond$ 9 date ) !     
rec5t t5d5cy ( ! ,g]mans to br+ to be>  
on ! que/ions ( sex _! *>act]i/ic       
,teutonic ?or\ghness & practicality4 ,x 
is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t ?is ,sw$i%      
woman1 ) h] _m-sid$ vision ( ! _w1 h]   
d>+ yet s]5e /atem5t ( ! secrets ( human
 he>ts1 %\ld be greet$ z ! natural lead]
 ( ! movem5t on its mo/ womanly side4   
,love1 z ,ell5 ,key reg>ds x1 is at !   
core ( ! woman "q1 & ^! op5+ volumes (  
,lifsl+] are1 above all1 a contribution 
to ! woman "q1 a mod]n & m mature v]sion
 ( t ,v9dication ( ! ,rights ( ,woman   
:i* ,m>y ,woll/onecraft _h set =? a     

c5tury e>li]4  ,9 ,engl&1 & ! same may  
be said ( ,am]ica1 we are yet b at !    
beg9n+ ( ?is new phase ( ! woman        
movem5t4 ,we h be5 ma9ly conc]n$ ) !    
rights ( wom5 to be l m52 we are only n[
 beg9n+ to und]/& ! rights ( wom5 to be 
unlike m51 rights :i*1 z ,ell5 ,key     
und]/&s !m1 include1 al?\gh !y g beyond1
 ! rights embodi$ 9 ! e>li] claims4 ,!  
dogmatic fanatics ( e p>ty1 x is true1  
_c endure ,ell5 ,key2 !y _c und]/& h]1  
?\gh %e und]/&s !m1 & ev5 reg>ds !m ) a 
c]ta9 sympa!tic tol]ance1 z we %\ld     
expect f a disciple ( ,montaigne &      
,%akespe>e & ,goe!4 ,%e is _m-sid$ & is 
q able to see & to accept bo? halves ( a
 tru?4 ,9 "o ( h] e>lie/ essays %e %[$  
h[ individualism & socialism1 :i* "s p  
suppose to be incompatible1 are really  
wov5 toge!r1 & 9 ! same way %e n[ %[s t 
eug5ics & love--! social claims ( ! race
 & ! individual claims ( ! he>t --are n 
oppos$ b id5tical4 ,simil>ly1 %e decl>es
 t to build up1 to help1 to console is !
 greate/ ( wom5's rights2 b1 %e adds1 !y

 _c adequately ex]cise t "r unless !y   
also possess ! "r ( citiz5%ip--s        
disconc]t+ ! n>r[ p>tisan on ea* side4  
,9 matt]s ( detail we may at _m po9ts   
res]ve our op9ion4 ,ell5 ,key is1 above 
all1--l ,olive ,s*re9]1 to :om %e is1 9 
"s respects1 ak9--! prophet ( a movem5t 
:i* transc5ds m]ely isolat$ measures (  
re=m4 ,h] writ+s are ! c&id expression (
 h] intimate self4 ,9 ?is book1         
especially1 we feel t we are 9 ! inspir+
 pres5ce ( a woman ^: p]sonality is "o (
 ! *ief moral =ces ( our "t4            
,illu/ration3 ,signature ( ,havelock    
,ellis  ,,london1 ,septemb]1 #aiaj4     
,love & ,m>riage     ,,*apt] ,i  ,,!    
,,c\rse ,,( ,,developm5t ,,( ,,sexual   
,,morality   ,all ?\ghtful p]sons       
p]ceive t ! ideas ( ! morality ( sexual 
relations upheld by ! religions & laws (
 ! ,we/]n nations are 9 our "t und]go+ a
 radical trans=mation4  ,l all o!r su*  
*anges1 ?is "o is oppos$ by ! di/ru/ ( !
 gu>dians ( society1 a di/ru/ :i* is    
bas$ ^u ! view t human be+s lack ! p[] (

 !mselves direct+ _! developm5t on an   
upw>d c\rse4 ,accord+ to ^! critics1 ?is
 direction is ! conc]n ( transc5d5tal   
reason1 :i* expresses itself 9 ! real & 
?us causes ! real to become rational4   
,m>riage z x exi/s is a hi/orically     
produc$ reality1 & !re=e also rational4 
,hi/orical cont9uity--z well z religi\s 
& e?ical ne$s--mu/ entail ! p]man5ce ( !
 actual in/itution ( m>riage z an       
indisp5sable condition ( ! exi/5ce (    
society4  ,! re=m]s leave transc5d5tal  
reason on "o side4 ,b !y too ackn[l$ge !
 connection betwe5 ! real & ! rational  
to ?is ext5t1 t :at has be5 real1 has   
also be5 rational--s long z 9 c]ta9 giv5
 sociological & psy*ological conditions 
x has answ]$ be/ ! ne$s ( humanity 9 "s 
p>ticul> direction4 ,!y ackn[l$ge !     
necessity ( fix$ laws & cu/oms1 s9ce ^! 
alone int5sify ! feel+s into s\rces (   
impulse1 /rong en\gh to be translat$    
into action4 ,!y p]ceive t !            
cons]vative1 t5aci\s emotions h ! same  
importance = ! s\l z ! skeleton = !     

body4  ,b ! hi/orical necessity1 on !   
o!r h&1 accord+ to :i* x is alleg$ t    
mank9d awaits & surr5d]s itself to a    
fate ov] :i* x has no control1 is to ^! 
re=m]s an absurdity4 ,! 8hi/orical      
necessity0 9 e age is ! realis$ w ( !   
/ronge/ m51 ei!r 9 numb] or "*1 realis$ 
9 ! degree 9 :i* nature & hi/ory fav\r  
_! ex]cise ( p[]4 ,! re=m]s "k t !      
,we/]n in/itution ( m>riage has aris5   
p>tly f ! p]man5t1 physico-psy*ological 
causes ( ! ma9t5ance ( ! race1 p>tly f  
hi/orical causes :i* 7 transitory1      
al?\gh _! effects 9 ?is doma91 z 9 _m   
o!rs1 /ill cont9ue4 ,!y "k t ( all !    
fabrics ( society m>riage is ! mo/      
complicat$1 ! mo/ delicate1 & ! mo/     
significant2 !y und]/&1 !re=e1 t !      
majority mu/ be seiz$ ) t]ror :5 ! %r9e 
( s _m g5]ations is ?reat5$4  ,b !y "k  
also t all life is subject to           
trans=mation2 t ea* trans=mation        
involves ! dea? ( once active realities1
 & ! =mation ( new ones4 ,!y "k t ?is   
dy+-(f & replac+ nev] takes place       

uni=mly2 t laws & cu/oms1 :i* h become a
 drag ^u ! lives ( ^? 9 a bett]         
position1 are /ill ( advantage to !     
majority1 & !re=e ought to cont9ue 9    
exi/5ce z long z !y rema9 s4 ,b !y "k at
 ! same "t t x is ?r\gh ! few 9 a bett] 
position--^? ^: ne$s & p[]s are mo/     
ennobl$--t a high] /&>d ( exi/5ce w     
f9ally become ! portion also ( !        
majority4 ,! condition ( all developm5t 
is1 n to be cont5t ) ! pres5t1 b to h ! 
c\rage to ask h[ ev]y?+ c be made bett] 
& ! good =tune to f9d a "r answ] to ?is 
"q 9 ?\ght or 9 action4  ,x is ?us !    
dissatisfaction ( ! mo/ cultur$ class ) 
! exi/+ contradictions betwe5 its sexual
 ne$s & ! =m ( _! legitimate            
gratification :i* is n[ giv+ rise to    
attacks on t in/itution ( m>riage :i* 0 
/ill suffici5t = _! own gr&p>5ts1 j z x 
is ev5 n[ = a c\ntless numb] ( _!       
contempor>ies4 ,^! p "k well en\gh t _! 
dissatisfaction w n de/roy m>riage1 s   
long z ! psy*ological & social          
conditions :i* n[ ma9ta9 x cont9ue to   

exi/4 ,b !y "k at ! same "t t _! w is   
de/9$ gradually to trans=m ^!           
psy*ological & social conditions4 ,& !y 
already see on ! hemisph]e ( ! s\l signs
 & wond]s :i* port5d t ! fulness ( "t is
 at h&4  ,! re=m]s d n believe t !      
inconsi/5cies & contradictions :i* are  
indissolubly connect$ ) ! natural       
conditions ( ! ma9t5ance ( ! race c be  
got rid ( by any legislation4 ,& s9ce !y
 und]/& t complete fre$om is an idea :i*
 only corresponds ) p]fect$ developm5t1 
!y are also aw>e t new =ms frequ5tly    
entail hi!rto unkn[n limitations1 z well
 z ext5sions1 ( lib]ty4  ,:at !y desire 
is su* =ms z1 :e!r !y limit or ext5d    
lib]ty ( action1 w promote a            
life-enhanc+ use ( ! sexual p[]s bo? = !
 individual & = ! race4 ,!y h no hope t 
! new =m w arrive 9 a /ate ( p]fection1 
any m ?an !y expect t all mank9d w be   
prep>$ = x4 ,b !y hope to fo/] ! high]  
ne$s1 to awak5 ! ri*] p[]s1 :i* are     
de/9$ f9ally to r5d] ! new =m necess>y  
also to ! majority4 ,?is hope k9dles _! 

calculat$ ef=ts1 :i* are direct$ by !   
c]ta9ty t p]sonal love is life's highe/ 
value1 z well directly = ! individual   
himself z indirectly = ! new lives 8    
love creates4 ,& ?is c]ta9ty is spread+ 
f day to day all ov] ! _w4  ,unless "o  
believes 9 a sup]human reason :i*       
directs evolution1 "o is b\nd to believe
 9 a reason inh]5t 9 humanity1 a motive 
p[] transc5d+ t ( ea* sep>ate p1 j z !  
p[] ( ! organism transc5ds t ( ! organ4 
,?is reason increases 9 proportion z !  
unity ( mank9d becomes e/abli%$4 ,less &
 less are ! individual nations able to  
pres]ve _! own peculi>ities f ! influ5ce
 ( _! neighb\rs4 ,& ?is is n[ becom+    
especially pla9 ) reg>d to sexual       
que/ions4 ,:ile ,sc&9avian &            
,anglo-,saxon ideas on sexual morality  
appe> "h & !re 9 ! lit]ature ( ! ,lat9  
races1 ! ,lat9 view ( love has help$ to 
%ape ! ideas :i* 9 ,sc&9avia g by ! "n (
 8! new immorality40  ,?us f "o c\ntry  
to ano!r fly ! %uttles ( gold & %uttles 
( /eel1 draw+ ! f9e & _m-col\r$ wo( (   

contempor>y consci\sness ?r\gh ?read    
aft] ?read ( ! /rong w>p1 made up ( !   
laws & cu/oms ( v>i\s nations4 ,:at     
foll[s is 9 "p a draw+ ( ! new patt]n   
?is weav+ is fa%ion+1 9 "p an ins]tion  
into ?is patt]n ( c]ta9 new motives4    
,^? :o reg>d monogamy z ! only /&>d (   
sexual morality & ! only legitimate =m (
 p]sonal love1 d n mean ! o/5sible      
monogamy n[ e/abli%$ by law b circumv5t$
 by cu/om4 ,!y mean real monogamy3 "o   
man = "o woman dur+ t man's lifetime2 "o
 woman = "o man dur+ t woman's lifetime1
 & beyond t complete ab/95ce4 ,9 ! way (
 developm5t1 !y ackn[l$ge only "o       
gradual realisation ( ?is ideal2 9 !    
t5d5cy ( ! pres5t day to adopt sev]al   
l9es ( developm5t !y see no?+ b         
decad5ce4  ,aga91 ^? :o pr(ess ! fai? ( 
,life reg>d ! ideals ( mank9d z an      
expression ( man's high] ne$s4 ,ideals  
:i* 7 once inc5tives to developm5t ?us  
become a drag ^u x1 :5ev] life's ne$s   
dem& new =ms t are n recognis$ by !     
prevail+ idealism4 ,only he :o believes 

9 sup]s5su\s1 ,god-inspir$ ideals w     
consid] ^! fix$ = all natures & all     
times4 ,evolution1 on ! o!r h&1 %[s u t 
! same ideals nev] h be5 & nev] c be    
accept$ by all ! be+s we include 9 !    
s+le expression1 ! human race1 b :i* 9  
reality belong to almo/ z _m sep>ate    
races z ! animal _w4 ,evolutioni/s inde$
 rejoice t humanity _c be equat$ "u a   
s+le fai?1 a s+le code ( cu/om1 a s+le  
ideal1 s9ce 9 ! div]sity ( life !y see a
 great "p ( its wor?4 ,!y ?9k t ?is 9   
itself is a suffici5t reason = gradually
 grant+ to individuals ( ! same "t &    
c\ntry t lib]ty :i*1 f a hi/orical po9t 
( view1 is all[$ to ! same nation at    
diff]5t p]iods1 &1 f an e?nographical   
po9t ( view1 to diff]5t nations at !    
same p]iod3 namely1 ! lib]ty1 )9 c]ta9  
limits1 ( *oos+ its own =m ( sexual     
life4 ,& !y w\ld be ! m ready to d s1   
s9ce ! geographical1 climatic1          
hi/orical1 & economic diff]5ces betwe5  
individuals are j z great z ^? betwe5   
nations & p]iods1 & ?us :at is adequate 

to ! ne$s & developm5t ( "o _c answ] to 
^? ( ! re/4  ,few propositions are s    
lack+ 9 pro( z t monogamy is ! =m (     
sexual life :i* is indisp5sable to !    
vitality & culture ( nations4 ,nei!r    
hi/ory nor e?nography ne$ be appeal$ to 
aga9/ an ass]tion :i* is suffici5tly    
refut$ by ! fact t monogamy1 accord+ to 
our /rict def9ition above1 has nev] yet 
be5 a reality ev5 among ! ,*ri/ian      
nations1 except = a m9ority (           
individuals2 t all ! progress t is      
ascrib$ to ,*ri/ian civilisation has    
tak5 place :ile monogamy 0 inde$ ! law b
 polygamy ! cu/om4 ,dur+ ! p]iod :i* is 
rhetorically allud$ to z t ( 8virtue &  
manl9ess10 ! days ( hea!nism 9 ! ,nor?1 
^? laws & cu/oms prevail$ :i* n[--aft] a
 ?\s& ye>s' fur!r ref9em5t ( ! emotional
 life "u ,*ri/ianity--are reg>d$ z      
involv+ ! dissolution ( society6 ,our   
excell5t =efa!rs1 ^: morals seem s      
greatly to h out%one our own1 7 all born
 9 civil matrimony & br\ght up 9 homes  
:]e n infrequ5tly ! concub9e liv$ by !  

same he>? z ! wife1 & :]e ! latt] 0     
liable to be repudiat$ = reasons z      
trivial z ^? = :i* %e might h]self obta9
 divorce4 ,inde$1 ^! ance/ors 7         
sometimes ! (fspr+ ( a 8free love0 :i*  
f\nd a home 9 ! wild]ness :5 ! gu>dian  
_h =bidd5 ! lawful union ( a lov+ c\ple4
 ,! introduction by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* (  
an indissoluble m>riage tie did n prev5t
 ! p f n>r[ly escap+ ru9 9 ! ,middle    
,ages4 ,no "o1 aga91 w give to          
eighte5?-c5tury ,france ! cr$it =       
monogam\s morality4 ,nev]!less1 ,france 
reta9$ vitality en\gh to det]m9e !      
hi/ory ( ,europe by h] economical1      
intellectual1 & milit>y p[]4 ,&1 9 spite
 ( its erotic 8immorality10 ! he>t ( !  
,fr5* nation /ill possesses a great     
res]ve ( heal? & t5acity1 toge!r )      
excell5t civic virtues & p[]s ( "w4  ,^?
 :o are s fond ( ass]t+ t monogamy &    
indissoluble m>riage det]m9e ! exi/5ce (
 nations1 are ei!r ignorant ( ! pa/     
hi/ory & pres5t condition ( ! nations1  
or conceal _! k beh9d ! prejudic$ view t

 ! :ite humanity ( ,europe is to be tak5
 z ! crit]ion = ! morality z well z = ! 
fai? ( ! :ole race4  ,on ! o!r h&1 :at c
 be prov$ is ?is3 t ! vitality ( a p    
dep5ds fir/ & =emo/ on ! capacity &     
will+ness ( its wom5 to be> & fo/]      
*ildr5 fit to live1 & on _! husb&s'     
capacity & will+ness to protect !       
national exi/5ce4 ,9 ! next place1 x    
dep5ds on ! :ole p's fondness = "w &    
ability 9 ! a*ievem5t ( prosp]ity =     
itself & ( value = mank9d at l>ge1 &    
f9ally on ! w ( ! individual to         
sacrifice 8 own ends :5 ! common weal   
dem&s x4 ,:at c fur!r be prov$ is t1 if 
a p wa/es its /r5g? 9 sexual            
dissipation1 ?is w (t5 prev5t its       
fulfill+ ! conditions we h m5tion$ z    
necess>y to its progress1 & w ?us br+   
ab\t its ru94  ,b ?is does n involve any
 pro( t a nation w be ru9$ if x alt]s ! 
=ms ( sexual life accord+ to a          
newly-acquir$ k ( ! mo/ reasonable      
sexual morality6  ,monogamy 0 victori\s 
f _m causes1 above all f exp]i5ce ( its 

advantages4 ,x m9imis$ ! /ruggle ( ! m5 
= ! wom5 & ?us economis$ =ces = o!r     
ends2 x provid$ an inc5tive to "w =     
(fspr+2 x develop$ mode/y & t5d]ness )9 
! sexual relation%ip & ?us rais$ !      
position ( ! woman & ) x h] importance 9
 ! br++-up ( ! *ildr52 x provid$ !m & h]
 ) a protection aga9/ ! arbitr>y w ( !  
husb&2 ?r\gh home life x fo/]$          
self-comm& & co-op]ation2 ! ne$ ( ! two 
= ea* o!r l$ to mutual k9dness4 ,!      
au?ority ( ! husb& 0 ennobl$ by ! s5se (
 responsibility & ! joy ( protection2 ! 
dep5d5ce ( ! wife by devotion &         
fidelity4 ,?is la/ 0 /r5g!n$ by fe> ( ! 
husb&'s propriet>y jeal\sy1 by 8 crav+ =
 ! c]ta9ty t 8 prop]ty w\ld be inh]it$  
by 8 own *ildr52 by religions1 accord+  
to :i* ! admixture ( =eign blood 9 !    
race 0 a s92 by ! hope ( ,*ri/ianity = a
 life toge!r beyond ! grave2 & by _!    
common *ildr51 ! feel+ ( t5d]ness = :om 
grew deep] z developm5t proce$$4 ,&     
monogamy /ill cont9ues to ex]cise ?is   
cultivat+ influ5ce on ! morals & on !   

s\l4 ,x might1 !re=e1 seem t ?is        
admission ( ! value ( ev5 an imp]fect   
monogamy r5d]$ all fur!r pro( unnecess>y
 = ^? :o ass]t t ! true developm5t (    
sexual morality c only be secur$ ?r\gh a
 gradually p]fect$ monogamy4 ,b !y =get 
t monogamy1 :i* 0 a cu/om long be=e !   
introduction ( ,*ri/ianity1 became      
injuri\s z well z b5eficial to true     
sexual morality1 f ! mom5t ! ,*ur*      
prescrib$ x z ! only =m ( ?is morality4 
,!n1 by a common trick ( ?\ght1 !       
conclusion 0 drawn t ! mighty developm5t
 ( culture :i* _h tak5 place "u monogamy
 w\ld h be5 impossible if ?is _h n be5 !
 sole legitimate =m ( sexual            
relation%ip4 ,& ?us x 0 e/abli%$ z !    
indisp5sable condition ( all high]      
culture6  ,! import ( ! moral           
controv]sies :i* n[ arise ) increas+    
frequ5cy is ! exam9ation ( ! relatively 
high] value = real sexual morality (    
m>riage or love4  ,s long z man believ$ 
t he _h be5 creat$ p]fect1 _h !n fall5 &
 cont9u$ 9 ev]la/+ /rife betwe5 ! _s & !

 fle%1 no d\bt c\ld arise ( ! absolute  
value ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal ( morality4    
,ev5 ^? :o /rove h>de/ to atta9 ?is     
ideal1 ev5 ^? vanqui%$ 9 ! /rife1       
confess$ !mselves s9n]s 9 s f> z ! fle% 
triumph$ ov] ! _s4 ,x 0 evolutionism t  
fir/ gave man c\rage to wond] :e!r he   
may n also be 8s9n+0 :5 ! _s triumphs   
ov] ! fle%2 to ask himself :e!r p]*ance 
m>riage did n exi/ = mank9d1 & n mank9d 
= m>riage2 to ass]t ! "r ( ! pres5t "t  
to m univ]sal exp]i5ce ) reg>d to !     
sexual cu/oms mo/ fav\rable to !        
developm5t ( ! race4 ,= 8! idea (       
m>riage0 is to !m no?+ else ?an to fur!r
 ?is developm5t4 ,b univ]sal exp]i5ce _c
 be won s long z religion & law         
prescribe a s+le cu/om z c]ta9ly ! "r   
cu/om & all o!rs are ?us condemn$ &     
ob/ruct$--z soon z !y %[ !mselves )     
s]i\s frankness--:ile secret trespass   
aga9/ ! monogam\s ideal is c\nt5anc$4 ,x
 _c be d5i$ t ! sanction+ ( ?is ideal   
has incit$ _m to try to realise x2      
inde$1 hypocrisy itself is an indirect  

tribute to its wor?4 ,b its fixity has  
n[ become a dang] to cont9u$ evolution4 
,on ! "q ( m>riage1 z 9 all o!r         
respects1 ,lu!ranism is a compromise1 a 
bridge betwe5 two logical views ( !     
univ]se3 ! ,ca?olic-,*ri/ian & !        
,individuali/ic ,moni/4 ,& bridges are  
made to g ov]1 n to /& ^u4  ,none ( our 
8immoral0 au?ors has insi/$ m /rongly   
?an ,lu!r & ,olaus ,petri on ! p[] ( !  
sexual life4 ,bo? reg>d mode/y )\t      
m>riage z un?9kable4 ,bo? see 9 m>riage 
! means giv5 by ,god to satisfy desire1 
j z food is ! means giv5 by ,god to     
satisfy hung]4 ,b man has z little "r to
 satisfy ! =m] by un*a/ity z he has to  
/ill ! latt] by !ft4 ,!re w\ld be no?+  
to object to 9 ?is if un*a/ity _h n be5 
made synonym\s ) e =m ( sexual relation 
outside matrimony1 :ile *a/ity became   
equival5t to e =m ( m>riage4  ,lu!r %[$ 
"s k ( nature :5 he taught t1 ?\gh x may
 be possible = human be+s to repress _! 
actions outside w$lock1 !y _c repress _!
 feel+s & desires4 ,on ! o!r h& he knew 

no?+ ( t creation ( culture1 love1 &    
!re=e he fail$ to see t exactly ! same  
s5t5ce :i* he us$ to confute celibacy   
may also be employ$ to confute m>riage1 
= ! v[ ( fidelity no m entails real     
fai?fulness ?an ! v[ ( *a/ity is ! cause
 ( true purity4 ,real fidelity c only   
arise :5 love & m>riage become equival5t
 t]ms4 ,! sub/ance ( ,lu!r's controv]sy 
on m>riage 0 n a high] conception (     
matrimony ?an t ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 x 0 
m]ely ! re/oration ( m>riage to *ur*m5 &
 mona/ic communities4 ,we h to ?ank     
,lu!r = ! ,lu!ran p>sonage & ) x = a    
great contribution to ! poetry ( c\ntry 
life1 to popul> culture1 to ! production
 ( _m great m9ds1 &--indirectly--to !   
m\ld+ ( _m passionate free-?9k]s4 ,!    
,lu!ran doctr9e ( m>riage1 on ! o!r h&1 
des]ves no ?anks1 s9ce--l ,prote/antism 
z a :ole--x /opp$ %ort 9 an insoluble   
contradiction4 ,in/ead ( uphold+1 9 ! _s
 ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & ( ,*ri/1 !        
indissolubility ( m>riage & dem&+ !     
suppression ( s5suality :5 ! peace ( !  

s\l requir$ x1 ,lu!r1 by 8 insi/5ce on !
 /r5g? ( natural incl9ations1 0 =c$ into
 concessions1 :i*--q 9 accordance ) !   
tea*+s ( ! ,bible--w5t s f> z to approve
 ( bigamy4 ,to ! gross appreh5sion ( !  
,re=mation p]iod ! *oice ( a p]sonal    
love meant no?+4 ,) m>riage possible f a
 natural po9t ( view alone1 x might be  
contract$ ) any "o2 inde$1 to ! g5u9ely 
pi\s x seem$ a high] ?+ to ent] into    
matrimony )\t any e>?ly love1 :i*       
int]f]$ ) ! love ( ,god4 ,! ,lu!ran     
doctr9e ( m>riage made ,god 8indulg5t0  
t[>ds all ! impurity t ! sexual life %ut
 up )9 ! :it$ sepul*re ( lawful w$lock4 
,he has %ut 8 eyes to all ! wife-murd]s 
t ! comm& ( fecundity involv$2 to all ! 
wor?less *ildr5 produc$ by ill-mat*$ &  
impure m>riages4 ,he has 8bless$0 all   
unions ent]$ into1 ev5 ?\gh f ! l[e/    
motives1 "u ! mo/ unnatural             
circum/ances3 betwe5 a sick p]son & a   
heal?y "o1 an old & a "y1 a will+ & an  
unwill+ or two unwill+ ones1 c\pl$      
toge!r by _! families4 ,to-day1 c\ntless

 wom5 are /ill be+ sacrific$ to ?is     
doctr9e ( m>riage1 or to its unconsci\s 
effects2 _! exhau/$ wombs are a poor    
soil = ! new g5]ation2 _! cru%$ s\ls a  
brok5 support = ! gr[? ( new wills4 ,=  
"o woman :o def5ds h]self ) ! resolution
 l5t by horror1 !re are ?\s&s :o h      
conceiv$ & /ill conceive *ildr5 9 loa?+4
 ,= "o wife :o is met ) ! mode/ pray] ( 
love1 !re are ?\s&s :o ) a feel+ (      
humiliation conc$e to _! proprietors !  
"r inculcat$ by ! ,lu!ran doctr9e (     
matrimony4 ,b ! signs ( ! times are     
visible ev5 )9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*4 ,!re are
 to be f\nd y\ng] m5 :o ma9ta9 t love--n
 m]ely ! =mula ab\t love 9 !            
m>riage-s]vice--mu/ be pres5t if !      
m>riage is to be reg>d$ z a moral "o4 ,&
 probably ^! neo-,lu!ran prophets ( love
 use _! influ5ce to prev5t a numb] (    
repulsive m>riages4 ,b x does n occur   
ei!r to !m or to _! congregation to     
treat ) contempt a c\ple :o h be5 m>ri$ 
= ! mo/ despicable reasons4 ,on ! o!r   
h&1 if two "y & heal?y p1 unit$ only by 

_! love1 %\ld live toge!r & fulfil !    
comm& ( fruitfulness1 !n inde$ ?is c\ple
 w\ld be made to feel1 ?r\gh %ameful    
treatm5t--if n by ! "y cl]gyman himself1
 !n by 8 flock--t a sexual connection   
sanction$ by law is ! only "o t is      
respect$1 & t1 !re=e1 x is n ! s]i\sness
 ( p]sonal love 9 itself1 b prim>ily    
society's (ficial /amp t makes x pass z 
a moral gr\nd = ! cohabitation ( two    
human be+s4 ,& if a p]son :o is unhappy 
9 a loveless m>riage frees himself &    
e/abli%es a new home on 8p]sonal love1 !
 moral gr\nd ( m>riage10 !n ! *ur*m5    
ha/5 to sub/itute = 8! moral gr\nd (    
m>riage0 t ( duty4  ,! doctr9e t love is
 ! moral gr\nd ( sexual relations is ?us
 z yet only an un5dors$ sequ5ce ( words4
 ,! attempt to realise x 0 = a long "t a
 puni%able crime 9 ,lu!ran c\ntries1 & w
 probably be /ill treat$ ab\t ! ye>     
#bjjj z a culpable error4  ,?us !       
m>riage doctr9e ( ,lu!ranism--l t (     
,*ri/ianity 9 g5]al--has end$1 accord+  
to ! moral ideas ( ! religion ( ,life1 9

 immorality1 s9ce x no m protects ! "r (
 ! race to ! be/ conditions ( life ?an x
 admits ! "r ( ! individual to realise 8
 love accord+ to ! ne$s ( 8 p]sonal     
morality4 ,! object ( ! ,lu!ran m>riage 
0 to unite man & woman1 ) or )\t love1 z
 a means to secur+ _! mutual morality1  
to make !m bre$]s ( *ildr5 = society1 & 
9 addition to reta9 ! husb& z breadw9n]4
 ,by rel5tlessly pursu+ ?is object1 !   
*ur* has succe$$ 9 damm+ up b n 9       
purify+ s5suality1 9 develop+ ! s5se (  
responsibility b n ( love4 ,x has ?us   
m]ely r\gh-plan$ ! mat]ial = a high]    
morality4 ,?is r\gh-plan$ mat]ial may   
/ill be ! mo/ suitable = g5]al use1 b m 
& m p w n[ require f9] in/rum5ts4  ,!   
new conception ( morality gr[s out ( !  
hope ( ! gradual asc5t ( ! race t[>ds   
great] p]fection4 ,^? =ms ( sexual life 
:i* be/ s]ve ?is progress mu/ !re=e     
become ! /&>ds ( ! new morality4 ,b z ! 
nature ( a relation c only be det]m9$ by
 its results1 ^? :o hold ! fai? ( ,life 
w apply a conditional judgm5t also 9 !  

case ( sexual affairs4 ,only            
cohabitation c decide ! morality ( a    
p>ticul> case--9 o!r words1 its p[] to  
enhance ! life ( ! individuals :o are   
liv+ toge!r & t ( ! race4 ,?us sanction 
c nev] be grant$ 9 advance nor--) c]ta9 
exceptions relat+ to *ildr5--c x be d5i$
 to any matrimonial relation%ip4 ,ea*   
fre% c\ple1 :atev] =m !y may *oose = _! 
cohabitation1 mu/ !mselves prove its    
moral claim4  ,?is is ! new morality1   
:i* is n[ call$ immoral by ! same type (
 s\ls z condemn$ ,lu!r on 8 appe>ance z 
immoral1--a judgm5t :i* is repeat$ 9 !  
,ca?olic _w1 :]e to-day ! same abuse is 
heap$ ^u 8! un*a/e monk0 z is p\r$ ^u ! 
adh]5ts ( 8free love0 )9 ! ,lu!ran      
communities4 ,! "q = ,lu!r's pres5t-day 
8lib]al0 foll[]s1 bo? 9 ?is matt] & 9 t 
( fai?1 is :e!r !y %all turn back or g  
=w>d2 back to ! firm gr\nd ( absolute   
au?ority1 or ov] ! bridge ( free        
exp]im5t into ! untrodd5 c\ntry ( an    
entirely p]sonal fai?2 back to          
indissoluble m>riage or ov] ! bridge (  

co]cion to ! rights ( love4 ,! "r c\rse 
( a consi/5t ?\ght admits ( no ?ird     
possibility4  ,! neo-,prote/ant doctr9e 
( m>riage is already mu* less logical   
?an ,lu!r's4 ,!y agree ) him 9 admitt+ !
 "r ( ! s5sual side ( love1 & ) _!      
contempor>ies 9 grant+ to love its %>e 9
 human life4 ,b :5 !y proce$ to draw    
limits = bo?1 !y br+ !mselves into an   
unt5able position4  ,!y br+ !mselves    
into an unt5able position n because !y  
insi/ ^u self-control )9 z well z       
outside ( matrimony 7all prep>ation = a 
f9al enhancem5t ( life involves tempor>y
 *ecks ^u life7 b because ! self-control
 !y dem& is s compreh5sive t x w be 9 a 
high degree ob/ructive to life )\t !    
comp5sation ( a f9al enhancem5t1 = !y   
limit ! sexual "p ( love to ! task (    
cont9u+ ! species1 & ! "p ( love 9 human
 life to a s+le relation%ip4 ,^? c\ples 
:o are unable or unwill+ to take ^u     
!mselves ! responsibility = a new life  
are ?us condemn$ to celibacy 9 m>riage4 
,^? c\ples :o h once f\nd$ _! m>riage on

 love mu/ ma9ta9 ! relation%ip ev5 )\t  
love4  ,^! dem&s are m ru?less to human 
nature ?an ^? oppos$ by ,lu!r4 ,complete
 celibacy is easi] ?an m>ri$ celibacy4  
,! ne$s ( ! s\l are /rong] ?an ^? ( !   
s5ses4 ,?is ought n1 h[ev]1 to prev5t ! 
sett+ up ( ! /rict dem&s if ^! 7 really 
conducive to a high] exi/5ce f ! sexual 
po9t ( view4 ,b only "o :o disreg>ds    
life's reality 7& ! ,*ri/ian is (t5 su* 
a "o7 c at ! same "t set up p]sonal love
 z ! gr\nd ( sexual morality & limit its
 rights )9 c]ta9 b\nds ( morality4      
,p]sonal love1 z n[ develop$ by         
civilisation1 has become s complicat$1  
compreh5sive1 & involv$ t n only does x 
con/itute 9 itself 7indep5d5tly ( its   
mission to ! race7 a great asset 9 life1
 b x also raises or l[]s ! value ( all  
else4 ,x has acquir$ a new significance 
besides its orig9al "o3 t ( be>+ ! flame
 ( life f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,no "o  
calls him immoral :o--disappo9t$ 9 8    
love--ab/a9s f cont9u+ ! race 9 8       
m>riage2 nor w\ld ! c\ple be call$      

immoral :o cont9ue 9 a m>riage made     
happy by love1 al?\gh x has %[n itself  
to be *ildless4 ,b 9 bo? ^! cases1 !    
p>ties conc]n$ foll[ _! subjective      
feel+s at ! co/ ( ! race & treat _! love
 z an end 9 itself4 ,! "r already grant$
 to ! individuals 9 ^! cases at ! co/ ( 
! race w 9 future be ext5d$ m & m 9     
proportion z ! significance ( love gr[s4
 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! new morality w dem& (  
love an ev] great] volunt>y limitation (
 its rights1 dur+ ! times t a new life  
claims x1 z well z volunt>y or          
compulsory r5unciation ( ! "r to produce
 new lives1 "u conditions :i* w\ld r5d] 
!m ( less value4  ,! m>riage doctr9e (  
neo-,prote/antism1 l t ( ,tol/oy1 re/s  
f9ally on ! ascetic di/ru/ ( ! sexual   
life4 ,nei!r doctr9e supposes t ! s5sual
 side c be ennobl$ o!rwise ?an by be+   
plac$ exclusively at ! s]vice ( ! race4 
,x is ?is po9t ( view :i* is f9ally     
decisive 9 all ,*ri/ian conceptions (   
morality4 ,*ri/ianity is su/a9$ by ! k t
 ! object ( man's life on e>? is 8      

developm5t z an et]nal be+4 ,!re=e none 
( 8 expressions ( life c be an end 9    
itself1 b mu/ s]ve a high] purpose ?an !
 e>?ly life & happ9ess ( !              
individual--or ev5 ?an t ( ! race4  ,:5 
! f\ndation ( sexual morality 0 laid 9  
an exi/5ce beyond ?is _w1 x lo/ its     
connection ) ! cont9uation ( ! race &   
?us 0 br\ght into contradiction )       
itself4 ,?is is ! reason :y ,*ri/ianity1
 :ile x has indirectly done mu* = !     
spiritualisation ( love1 has yet nev]   
succe$$ 9 comb9+ ! ne$s ( ! individual )
 ^? ( ! race1 ! crav+s ( ! s\l ) ^? ( ! 
s5ses4 ,t moral /&>d w alone be         
all-embrac+ :i* is det]m9$ by ! belief t
 ! mean+ ( life is its developm5t ?r\gh 
individuals t[>ds high] & high] =ms (   
life = ! :ole race4 ,?is /&>d w n reg>d 
any asceticism z moral :i* contemplates 
! free+ ( ! s\l f ! bonds ( s5suality1 z
 is ! great aspiration ( ,ea/]n         
asceticism4 ,x only recognises ! claim (
 su* self-discipl9e z br+s ab\t an      
ev]-increas+ unity betwe5 ! s\l & ! w ( 

! body4 ,su* a self-discipl9e1 inde$1   
r5\nces ! ne>] & less] good = ! m di/ant
 & great]4 ,b x f9ds ?is good1 9 ! doma9
 ( love z 9 ev]y?+ else1 9 an increas+ly
 s\lful s5su\sness1 or 9 an increas+ly  
s5su\s s\lfulness1 n 9 ! spirituality ( 
asceticism1 m & m fre$ f ! s5ses4 ,to ! 
*apel ( ?is spirituality a m\nta9 pa?   
leads1 :i*--h[ev] ardu\s e /ep may      
be--yet goes /raight to ! goal4 ,!      
s\lful-s5sual exi/5ce aga9 is a cell to 
:i* a labyr9? leads4 ,"h ea* /ep is less
 difficult1 b ! :ole j\rney involves    
inf9itely great] dang]s & excitem5t4 ,x 
may be = ?is reason t z yet x only      
attracts ! /ronge/--^? :o nev] r5\nce   
pleasure1 s9ce !y f9d pleasure ev5 9    
r5unciation4 ,= him :o seeks ! latt]    
goal a s+le /&>d ( morality w appe>     
inapplicable--simply because human      
nature is manifold4 ,sexual ab/95ce 9   
y\?1 = in/ance1 may /r5g!n n9e out ( t5 
"y m54 ,! t5? x may *ange into a man (  
be/ial impulses1 :o1 al?\gh be=e m>riage
 he has be5 *a/e1 may %[1 :5 m>ri$1 a   

co>s5ess or depravity :i* drags d[n !   
wife to 8 level or op5s an abyss betwe5 
!m4 ,purely s5sual unions may 9 n9e     
cases out ( t5 det]iorate bo? ! man & ! 
woman4 ,9 ! t5? case su* a connection   
may deep5 into a feel+ t det]m9es !     
c\rse ( two lives1 & ! result+ m>riage  
(f]s bett] prospects ( happ9ess ?an t ( 
_m a "y c\ple :o h ent]$ ^u m>ri$ life  
accord+ to ! rule :i* is reg>d$ z ! only
 "o to give security ( happ9ess4 ,?us x 
is possible 9 "o case out ( t5 t ! love 
= :i* a "y man has kept himself pure    
until m>riage really is p]sonal love4 ,9
 ! o!r n9e cases x is n s1 b on !       
contr>y ! mo/ imp]sonal ( all love4 ,?us
 9 n9e cases out ( t51 x is possible t  
su* disappo9tm5ts c be borne ?r\gh a    
s5se ( duty1 s t p]sonality gr[s b5ea?  
!m4 ,9 ! t5?1 aga91 p]si/5ce 9 ! mi/ake 
w be ! ru9 ( p]sonality4  ,^? :o make--&
 rightly--complete purity be=e m>riage &
 p]sonal love 9 ! m>ri$ /ate ! /&>d (   
morality1 ought1 on acc\nt ( innum]able 
simil> exp]i5ces1 to make up _! m9ds to 

let e "o decide = himself h[ ?is purity 
c be/ be atta9$1 be=e z well z aft]     
m>riage1 & :at p]sonal love %all be held
 to imply4 ,ei!r x mu/ mean no?+ = or   
aga9/ ! sanctity ( m>riage2 or1 if x is 
to mean sanctity at ! outset ( m>ri$    
life1 !n x mu/ also mean ! same dur+ its
 cont9uance4 ,b only ! individual       
himself kn[s h[ long 8 m>riage rema9s   
sanctifi$ by p]sonal love or :5 x ceas$ 
to be s4 ,no "o c be burd5$ ) ! duty (  
rema9+ 9 an unhall[$ relation1 &        
neo-,prote/antism mu/ !re=e ei!r decl>e 
p]sonal love to be ! moral gr\nd (      
m>riage or unconditional fidelity to be 
! expression ( moral p]sonality4  ,!    
moni/ 9 ^! que/ions does n ask :e!r a   
sexual relation%ip is ! fir/ & only "o1 
be=e he ackn[l$ges its morality4 ,he    
only wi%es to "k :e!r x 0 su* t x did n 
exclude ! p]sonalities ( ! lov]s2 :e!r x
 0 a union 9 :i* 8nei!r ! s\l betray$ ! 
s5ses nor ! s5ses ! s\l40  ,9 ^! words  
,george ,s& gave ! idea ( ! new *a/ity4 
,! claims ( ! new sexual morality %[    

curi\s simil>ities & dissimil>ities to  
^? to :i* ! age ( *ivalry gave rise 9 ! 
same sph]e4 ,?us ! ,c\rts ( ,love held !
 pr9ciple t m>riage & love are mutually 
exclusive4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! conception ( 
p]sonality has giv5 rise to a desire =  
unity :i* makes x repulsive to _m p to  
live 9 matrimony unless !re is a long+ (
 ! s\l & ( ! s5ses = "o's p>tn] 9       
m>riage4 ,! age ( *ivalry 9 its idea (  
love ignor$ ! new g5]ation :]eas ! hope 
( ! pres5t day is ?r\gh love to p]fect !
 race j z mu* z ! lov]s !mselves4  ,nor 
does ! new morality d5y to ! _m1 :o h n 
ev5 be5 capable ( dream+ ( p]sonal love1
 ! "r to contract a m>riage1 :i* w at   
lea/ contribute to _! poor exi/5ce !    
int]e/ ( home & ! joy ( p>5tage4 ,b x w 
be sev]e ) ^? :o1 hav+ _h exp]i5ce or   
intuition ( love1 h ent]$ )\t x into a  
m>riage :i* w c]ta9ly impov]i% & p]haps 
ru9 m lives ?an _! own4 ,prud5ce may    
c\nsel l5i5cy ( judgm5t 9 ! individual  
case1 s9ce ! majority ( human be+s le>n 
to "k _! he>ts late 9 life1 if at all4  

,once m1 z a guid+ pr9ciple ( morality1 
! unity ( m>riage & love mu/ be ma9ta9$4
 ,by 8 p[] ( creat+ ideals1 & !         
ev]-increas+ dem& = happ9ess :i*        
results1 man has deep5$ 8 in/9ct (      
spiritual ne$s1 & ! same p[] (          
idealisation is n[ ru?lessly )draw+ !   
outw>d supports ( sexual morality &     
replac+ !m by ! idea ( unity4 ,t ! halt 
& ! lame are !reby depriv$ ( _! crut*es 
w be no /umbl+-block to him :o looks    
beyond ! halt & ! lame to ! f9] &       
heal?i] m5 ( ! future4  ,x is true t !  
idea ( unity involves ! "r ( e p]son to 
%ape 8 sexual life 9 accordance ) 8     
individual ne$s1 b only on condition t  
he does n prejudice unity or ! rights ( 
! be+s to :om 8 love gives life4 ,love  
?us becomes m & m a private affair ( !  
individual1 :ile *ildr5 are m & m !     
bus9ess ( society1 & f ?is x foll[s t ! 
two l[e/ expressions ( sexual division  
7dualism7 sanction$ by society1 namely1 
co]cive m>riage & pro/itution1 w by     
degrees become impossible1 s9ce aft] !  

triumph ( ! idea ( unity !y w no long]  
answ] to ! ne$s ( humanity4  ,by co]cive
 m>riage is meant t "u :i* n only are ! 
morality ( cohabitation & ! rights ( !  
*ildr5 dep5d5t on ! =m ( cohabitation1 b
 ! possibility ( divorce = "o ( ! p>ties
 is also dep5d5t on ! o!r's w4 ,by      
pro/itution is meant all trad+ ) "o's   
sex1 :e!r ?is traffic is c>ri$ on by    
wom5 or by m51 :o f necessity or        
incl9ation sell !mselves ) or )\t       
m>riage4 ,bo? ^! ?+s occur "u gross] &  
"u mild] =ms4 ,!re is a scale ( degrees 
= loveless m>riage1 z !re is =          
loveless--8love40 ,! di/ance is great   
betwe51 = in/ance1 8,la ,dame aux       
,camlias0 or ,raskolnik(f's 8,sonja0 on 
! "o h&1 & a pr[l] ( ! gutt] on ! o!r4  
,s x is betwe5 a woman :o contracts a   
m>riage f ! long+ = mo!rhood & "o :o    
does x f love ( luxury2 betwe5 a man :o 
seeks a p>tn] 9 8 "w & "o :o only wants 
a wife to console 8 cr$itors4 ,b :e!r   
"o1 ) "p ( "o's p]son1 buys "o's self   
free f hung] or f debts1 lonel9ess or   

desire2 h[ev] great 9 itself ! value "o 
ga9s may be1 /ill ! transaction rema9s1 
= buy] z well z = sell]1 a humiliation f
 ! po9t ( view ( ! sexual morality :i*  
sees ?+s z a :ole4  ,! developm5t ( !   
consci\sness ( erotic p]sonality is at  
pres5t h9d]$ 9 an equal degree by !     
8morality0 settl$ by society1 & by !    
8immorality0 regulat$ by society4 ,:e!r 
x is a "q ( ma9ta9+ ! =m] or ( excus+ ! 
latt]1 we are told t idealism mu/ make  
way = 8! ne$s ( real life40 ,! same m5  
:o ) reason are afraid ( ! dissolution (
 society if ! "r ( ! hungry to /eal 7   
prea*$ 9 ! "n ( 8! ne$s ( real life10   
consid] !mselves wise :51 9 a f> m      
important sph]e ?an t ( prop]ty1 !y     
proclaim ! necessity ( /eal+1 9 ! =m (  
pro/itution4  ,real life has c]ta9ly its
 claims3 9 ! "o case1 t all :o are      
hungry = food %\ld h "w1 at su* a rate (
 pay t !y c eat2 9 ! o!r1 t all :o are (
 m>riageable age %\ld h ! possibility ( 
contract+ m>riage at ! "r "t4 ,b !      
*anges t mu/ take place be=e ?is c come 

to pass w fail to appe> s long z        
society--"u ! assumption t pro/itution  
is a necess>y evil--sup]9t5ds its       
results & ?us gives itself ! illusion t 
its dang]s c be provid$ aga9/4 ,= ?us   
society escapes ! se>* = exp$i5ts :i*   
w\ld bett] provide = ! two fundam5tal   
ne$s--love & hung]--= ! satisfaction (  
:i* pro/itution at pres5t provides !    
only means = _m m5 & wom54  ,b ^! *anges
 w also fail to appe> s long z          
society--"u ! assumption t m>riage is a 
necess>y good--reta9s ?is z ! sole m>k (
 morality 9 sexual relations4  ,= ?is   
/ate ( ?+s1 ^? prea*]s ( morality are to
 blame :o p]suade !mselves t ! only cure
 = ! evil is a /ill /rict] ma9t5ance ( !
 claims ( monogamy4 ,!y are afraid ( any
 m5tion ( ! weal? ( v>i$ exp]i5ce1 ( !  
long+ = happ9ess1 or ! joy ( life4 ,!y  
proclaim no?+ b ! s5se ( duty1          
responsibility = "o's individual s\l1 & 
obligations to society4 ,b ?is has be5  
con/antly prea*$ f ! dawn ( ,*ri/ianity1
 & yet ! /&>d ( sexual morality z a :ole

 is no high] ?an x 04 ,?is gives food = 
reflection4 ,! m s :5 ?is dread ( love  
is c>ri$ z f> z ,tol/oy's--or r1 !      
,ori5tal _w's--dete/ation ( ! s5ses2 :5 
m>riage is reg>d$ solely z a palliative 
= a h]$it>y disease1 :i* ought r to be  
/amp$ out s z to r5d] ! rem$y           
unnecess>y4   ,:5 psy*ical ph5om5a h be5
 z mu* inve/igat$ z physical1 love w    
also receive its cumatology--t is1 its  
sci5ce ( waves4 ,we %all foll[ ! curves 
( ! emotions ?r\gh ! ages1 _! movem5t ( 
rise & fall1 ! oppositions &            
side-influ5ces by :i* !y h be5 det]m9$4 
,su* a ris+ wave 9 our "t is ! gr[+     
dete/ation ( "y m5 = socially protect$  
immorality1 _! long+ = s+l5ess 9 love4  
,an oppos+ influ5ce1 aga91 is !         
dis9cl9ation ( _m "y wom5 = love4 ,!y   
are n cont5t1 l ! neo-,prote/ant        
cl]gym51 ) dem&+ t c>nality %all be     
sanctifi$ by m>riage3 !y want to kill x4
 ,!y d n m]ely hate--& ) reason--desire 
ap>t f love3 !y depreciate love itself1 
ev5 :5 x appe>s z ! unity ( s\l & s5ses4

 ,accord+ to !m1 m>riage ought to be    
m]ely ! highe/ =m ( sympa!tic fri5d%ip1 
9 conjunction ) a s5se ( duty direct$ to
 ! procreation & re>+ ( *ildr54 ,:5     
m>riage is fre$ f feel+s ( c>nal        
pleasure z well z f claims ( p]sonal    
happ9ess1 :5 x is ! union ( two fri5ds 9
 ! duty & joy ( liv+ entirely = _!      
*ildr5--!n alone w x become 8moral06    
,on ! o!r h&1 love1 treat$ z a syn!sis (
 spiritual sympa?y & ! life ( ! race1 z 
! vital =ce ?r\gh :i* a human be+'s     
exi/5ce is enhanc$ & beautifi$1 is to !m
 wor?less2 & ! idea ( a di/9ction betwe5
 ! nature ( woman & ( man is to !m      
mean+less4 ,!y dem& ( bo? complete      
ab/95ce outside m>riage1 & )9 x !y p]mit
 only c]ta9 few exceptions1 :i* nature's
 yet imp]fect arrangem5ts r5d] necess>y 
= ! cont9uance ( ! race4 ,) ! advance ( 
sci5ce1 !y hope t *emi/ry & biology w   
set humanity free f its degradation 9   
love1 j z ,w]n] von ,heid5/am expects 8 
8food-p[d]0 to br+ fre$om f degradation 
by hung]4 ,possibly !y w bo? be "r4 ,b )

 ^! possibilities ! p ( ! tw5tie? c5tury
 h no?+ to d4 ,:at we r require at      
pres5t is m love--& m food--n less4  ,x 
is !re=e n likely t ! l9e we h j t\*$ ^u
 w be t foll[$ by ! developm5t ( sexual 
morality1 = ev5 n[ an increas+          
proportion ( mank9d %[s itself too      
exact+ 9 erotic que/ions to all[ ( !    
realisation ( ! above-m5tion$ ideal (   
purity4 ,no ?\ght ( ! end w to _! m9ds  
sanctify a means :i* :5 depriv$ ( love  
appe>s to !m ugly4  ,! *ildr5 begott5 "u
 a s5se ( duty w\ld moreov] be depriv$ (
 a numb] ( ess5tial conditions ( life2  
among o!rs t ( f9d+ 9 _! p>5ts be+s full
 ( life & radiat+ happ9ess1 :i*         
con/itutes ! *ief spiritual n\ri%m5t (  
*ildr5--& x may be add$ t p>5ts :o 8live
 entirely = _! *ildr50 are seldom good  
company = !m4  ,! programme ( morality  
"h allud$ to is explicable f a ju/ifi$  
hatr$ ( socially protect$ immorality &  
a--p>tly--ju/ifi$ res5tm5t aga9/ ! love 
:i* leaves ! *ild out ( acc\nt4 ,b its  
solution ( love's deepe/ conflict--t    

betwe5 ! claims ( ! individual & ^? ( ! 
race--is prejudicial to ! w ( nature z  
well z to ! conditions ( civilisation4  
,indep5d5tly ( bo? factors1 ^! zealots  
believe !y c atta9 t :ite _w ( purity   
:i* attracts _! m9ds1 afflict$ z !y are 
by ! impurity & mis]y ) :i* sexual      
relations /ill load exi/5ce4 ,!y =get t 
above ! sn[-l9e only ! poore/ =ms ( life
 c fl\ri%4 ,b human developm5t t5ds     
t[>ds ! production ( an ev] ri*] &      
/rong] s]ies ( =ms4 ,any attempt to     
sep>ate morality f s5su\sness w n       
accel]ate developm5t b only ret>d x1    
s9ce ! transplantation ( sexual emotion 
to a soil o!r ?an t ( ! s5ses is an     
impossibility 9 our pres5t e>?ly        
conditions4  ,! dem& = purity :i* aims  
at non-s5su\sness--or                   
sup]s5su\sness--may p]haps provide      
protection f m9or dang]s4 ,9 great ones 
x w be z futile z a h$ge aga9/ a =e/    
fire4 ,no ob/ruct+ ( appetites1 b only  
_! release 9 o!r directions1 c really   
purify !m4 ,passions c be curb$ only by 

means ( /rong] passions4 ,9 ! same      
appetite & ! same passion 9 :i* ! dang] 
lies1 9 ! in/9ct ( love itself1 we h !  
true />t+-po9t = its ennobl+4 ,he to :om
 ! de/ruction ( ?is in/9ct is a         
passionate desire possesses 9 ?is       
passion itself a prospect ( atta9+ 8    
unnatural end4 ,he1 aga91 :o does n wi% 
to kill1 b only to control ! sexual     
in/9ct1 w become1 9 8 /ruggle aga9/ ?is 
desire--/ill immeasurably /imulat$ ?r\gh
 h]$ity & social cu/om--a /rong & pr\d  
conqu]or only :5 he imag9es & f9ally    
exp]i5ces unity 9 love4 ,assur$ly also  
second>y exp$i5ts are to be f\nd4 ,be=e 
all1 t ( acquir+ ! in/9ct ( *a/ity f    
p>5ts2 ( be+ /r5g!n$ & protect$ f       
*ildhood aga9/ ! dang]s ( call\sness z  
well z ^? ( s(tness2 ( be+ in/ruct$ 9 a 
ref9$ & g5tle way ( ! great purpose &   
great dang]s ( sexual de/9y2 ( receiv+  
impressions ?r\gh public op9ion ( !     
possibility ( self-control & its        
importance to ! happ9ess ( ! individual 
himself & ( ! race2 ( avoid+ ! abuse (  

means ( enjoym5t1 especially (          
intoxicat+ liquors1 :i* bo? directly &  
indirectly weak5 ! w-p[] 9 ! case (     
sexual1 z ( all o!r k9ds (1 temptation4 
,x is beyond "q t noble sport1 danc+1 & 
games--& !y are only noble :5 practis$  
f9ely & wor?ily1 ) ! m9d z well z !     
body--are a means ( replac+ & controll+ 
! sexual in/9ct4 ,equally c]ta9 is x t  
bodily & m5tal lab\r1 :e!r und]tak5     
indep5d5tly or z a p>ticipation 9 "s =m 
( social endeav\r1 is important z       
occupy+ & consum+ ! sexual p[]s 9 a     
sub/itut$ =m4 ,all g5u9e arti/ic        
enjoym5t is 9 ! highe/ degree important 
= ! ennobl+ ( sexual life4 ,b all ?is   
self-discipl9e1 all ^! aids f ! _w (    
beauty & lab\r1 all ?is cultivation ( ! 
body to /r5g? & beauty1 w be z l9es )\t 
a c5tre s long z !y d n all lead 9 !    
direction ( love--love1 :i* c]ta9       
prea*]s ( morality w\ld leave altoge!r  
outside ! "q1 z ?\gh ev5 x 7 a dang] & a
 temptation4 ,no "o w\ld v5ture to d5y t
 heal?y habits ( life & /rict           

self-control may be elevat+ = !         
individual1 ev5 if love means no?+ 9 8  
life4 ,b life 9 its entirety ga9s no?+  
by ! production ( h>d5$ or h>ass$       
ascetic types1 :i* by exhau/+ bodily    
ex]cise1 by read+ t leaves ! imag9ation 
arid1 & by art t smo!rs nudity1 h       
succe$$ 9 lull+ to sleep ! s5su\sness   
:i*1 nev]!less1 w p]haps "s day awake4  
,life has z little joy ( ^! h>% gu>dians
 ( _! 8high]0 nature z !y !mselves h (  
life4 ,we h n ga9$ mu* if we are to h a 
y\? :i* atta9s sexual ab/95ce at ! co/ (
 o!r excell5t qualities equally necess>y
 to ! race4 ,a y\?1 ) l>ge bl9k]s1 %unn+
 ! delights ( ! s5ses1 ! v>i$ joy (     
life1 ! mobility ( ! fancy2 a y\? devoid
 ( all spiritual adv5ture--su*1 ) all   
its 8purity10 w\ld be a dead asset 9    
life4  ,^? on ! o!r h& :o pres]ve b     
control ! weal? ( sugge/ion ( ! sexual  
life w be--ev5 ?\gh _! control has n    
always be5 complete--( inf9itely great] 
s]vice to exi/5ce4  ,! prejudice        
orig9ally fo/]$ by ,*ri/ianity1 t sexual

 purity is 9 itself s great an asset 9  
life t x outweighs ! sacrifice ( all    
o!rs--?is prejudice mu/ be ov]come4 ,a  
p]son is e/imable = sexual purity only  
to ! ext5t to :i* x fits him to fulfil !
 purpose ( life = himself & = ! race3 t 
( lead+ an ev] high] life4 ,8 purity is 
too de>ly won if x co/s him1 & ?r\gh him
 ! race1 irrep>able losses ( vital joy1 
c\rage1 & p[]4  ,& = ! pres5t--until _m 
g5]ations ( m>riage & br++-up h arriv$  
at a trans=mation ( pres5t-day human1 & 
especially m5's1 nature--! dem& = purity
 w n admit ( realisation )\t su* losses2
 t is1 if ?is dem& takes ! %ape ( !     
neo-,prote/ant =mula1 or1 ev5 m1 t (    
,tol/oy4   ,^? ascetics :o recomm5d only
 self-control z a rem$y = ! ma/]y ( !   
sexual in/9ct1 ev5 :5 su* control       
becomes m]ely ob/ructive to life1 are l 
! physician :o tri$ only to drive ! fev]
 out ( 8 pati5t3 x 0 no?+ to him t !    
sick man di$ ( ! cure4  ,b ^! ascetics  
may h arriv$ at _! fanaticism by two    
diff]5t pa?s4 ,"o gr\p--:i* includes mo/

 ( ! female ascetics--hates ,cupid      
because he has nev] %[n to !m any fav\r4
 ,! o!r gr\p--embrac+ ! majority ( male 
ascetics--curse him because he nev]     
leaves !m 9 peace4 ,mean:ile1 ^? :o put 
a trem5d\s emphasis on purity & ^? :o   
rave ab\t pleasure1 meet on ! common    
gr\nd ( di/ru/ ( love's possibilities ( 
developm5t4 ,love to !m means desire &  
no?+ else2 if ! s\l ent]s into x1 x     
becomes fri5d%ip & t alone4 ,!y h nev]  
exp]i5c$ a love :i* is creative 9 !     
fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,/]ility--( ! s\l or
 ! body or bo?--is ! m>k ( ! only love  
^! two gr\ps are acqua9t$ )4 ,! slaves (
 eroticism are admirably *>act]is$ by   
,"l ,*e/]field's confession t he _h made
 viol5t love to at lea/ tw5ty wom51 all 
( :om p]sonally 7 entirely indiff]5t to 
him4 ,!y "k no?+ ( ! s\l's desire = "o  
s+le p]son1 f among an unlimit$         
selection2 a desire :i*--:5 x is deeply 
root$--is met by ! desire ( ! o!r4 ,!y d
 n "k t ! elective aff9ity ( sympa?y    
causes ! "o to ga!r f ! o!r's eyes an   

all-ma/]+1 lib]at+ =ce4 ,= !y !mselves  
exp]i5ce 9 ! viol5ce ( desire only      
pro/ration & humiliation ( _! high] be+4
 ,an o!rwise s5sitive man may feel      
unn]v$ by eroticism to su* a degree t n[
 he w wi% all wom5 dead1 to be ?us fre$ 
f 8 ?raldom2 n[ he w desire1 z ,caligula
 did ( ! ,romans1 t !y _h b a s+le      
neck--b n to sev] x4 ,! hatr$ ( ^! m5 = 
eroticism is t ( ! savage = ! hide\s    
gods on :om he believes himself dep5d5t1
 & :om he kn[s to be mak+ sport ( 8     
de/9y4 ,& no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t love1   
?us conceiv$1 makes m5 degrad$ &        
ridicul\s4 ,ev5 he :o 9 8 inn]mo/ s\l   
loves trag$y & hates f>ce1 is made1 "u !
 attraction ( ?is love1 to halt betwe5 !
 two & to turn 8 life into a            
tragi-com$y2 = 9 ord] to atta9 to ! true
 tragic greatness a man mu/ be prep>$ to
 surr5d] himself unconditionally to1 &  
to suff] ?r\gh :at is greate/ 91 8      
nature1 8 inn]mo/ ego4 ,b ! tragic de/9y
 is apt to pass a man by aga9/ 8 inn]mo/
 w1 & !n arises ! impure =m ( ! tragic t

 we h j m5tion$4 ,?us m5 & wom51 :o h   
only s\ght fre% /imulants 9 eroticism1  
at la/ come across a p]son :o does n    
und]/& love 9 t way1 & :o ends ! game = 
ev]4 ,or p]*ance !y !mselves are gripp$ 
by a great emotion1 b _! pa/ de/roys !  
hope ( its n[ be+ grant$ to !m to wor%ip
 9 any holy grove ! div9ity to :om      
hi!rto !y h only burn$ pap] lant]ns 9 ! 
turmoil ( a fair4 ,9 mo/ cases !        
tragi-com$y takes ! same =m z ) !       
drunk>d3 satisfaction becomes m & m     
impossible2 ! insatiable "o is          
cont9ually =c$ to fly to gross] means 9 
ord] to qu5* 8 desire 9 "s degree1 to   
indulge ) increas+ frequ5cy1 b ) dim9i%+
 fe/ival gladness4 ,he :o has sunk to   
?is k9d ( intoxication becomes by       
degrees z weak-will$1 z he>tless1 z     
devoid ( "* & consci5ce z ! dipsomaniac1
 & equally incapable ( selection &      
appreciation )9 ! sph]e ( 8 appetites4  
,! mo/ sublime woman's love w at la/    
leave him z insusceptible z is ! drunk>d
 to ! liquid topaz ( ,rh5i% w9e1 its    

b\quet & dewy fre%ness4 8,love's fre$om0
 w f9ally mean to him no?+ b fre$om f   
responsibility1 f consid]ation1 f dang]1
 & f exp5se4 ,9 comp>ison ) ?is k9d (   
8free love10 pro/itution is d\btless m  
dang]\s to heal?1 b f> less injuri\s to 
p]sonality4 ,pro/itution detracts f     
p]sonality by a cleav+ :i* excludes !   
s\l2 b x does n consume ! p]sonality 9 !
 same way z ! 8love0 ) :i* a man buys   
wom5 :o are n v5al4 ,if !y expect him to
 r$eem 8 bonds 9 true co91 !y w be      
disappo9t$4 ,love may possess1 accord+  
to 8 belief1 no /]l+ value3 he reg>ds x 
z always a =g$ note ) :i* nature obta9s 
! co-op]ation ( human be+s--especially (
 wom5--to h] ends4  ,?is love kn[s no   
atmosph]e b t ( ! alcoves :]e x has     
pursu$ its b\ght or /ol5 pleasure4 ,x   
has nev] brea!d ! air ( ! wilds1 ! air  
:i* quiv]s ) sun%9e & %akes ) /orms2 !  
air ?r\gh :i* murmurs all life's long+ =
 r5ewal1 all ! wi/ful intuition (       
et]nity born ( a hung] = happ9ess1 :i*  
raises g5]ation above g5]ation t[>ds    

unkn[n goals2 an air :i* immeasurably   
enhances & et]nally absorbs vitality2 ! 
air ( ! wide expanses1 :]e f]ocity &    
madness are n yet ext9ct1 :]e man &     
woman fight _! et]nal battles & suff] _!
 et]nal pa9s2 pa9s ^: s\rce ev5         
,lucretius knew to be dualism4  ,b t    
only unity is capable ( seal+ up ?is    
s\rce--t 0 kn[n to none be=e our own "t4
  ,9 lit]ature x is sometimes f !       
alcoves1 sometimes f ^! wilds t !       
compla9t arises ( ! ma/]y ( ! sexual    
in/9ct4  ,9 ! works ( n a few ( ! writ]s
 on morality "o fails to f9d ev5 a      
suspicion ( ^! wild]nesses ( human life4
 ,^! tea*]s betray _! ignorance 9 a     
b\ndless n>r[-m9d$ness1 a n>r[-m9d$ness 
:i* includes ! mo/ f>-rea*+ que/ions (  
humanity among--gymna/ic & ba? app>atus6
 ,to _! %ort-sight$ view1 immorality has
 reveal$ itself n only z v5al b 9 ! %ape
 ( 8free love40 ,!y d n suspect t free  
love z well z m>riage includes _m       
degrees ( morality & immorality1 ris+   
above or s9k+ bel[ ! e?ical z]o1 at :i* 

bo? ! free love & ! m>riage ( ! majority
 are to be f\nd4  ,betwe5 ! free or     
lawful love :i* becomes ugly1 rev5geful1
 or murd]\s & ! love :i* may p]haps take
 its own life b nev] t ( ! lov$ "o1 !   
di/ance is !re=e great4 ,f ! po9t ( view
 ( enhancem5t ( life !re w be nev]!less 
a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! free--or      
lawful--love :i* is devot$1 c\rage\s1   
self-sacrific+1 fai?ful1 & t :i* leaves 
all ! be/ human qualities unemploy$4 ,9 
! same way1 ! di/ance is great betwe5 ! 
/]ile erotic 8adv5tures0 ( a paltry     
vanity1 a sordid hung] = s5sation1 & !  
passion ?r\gh :i* a human be+ atta9s to 
new creative p[]4 ,! concession to !    
/orm ( passion is 9 "o case ! p5nant1 9 
! o!r ! sail4  ,! arti/ic temp]am5t (t5 
expresses itself 9 ! dem& = erotic      
r5ewal4 ,b :ile "s ?us increase _! /r5g?
 & heal?1 o!rs gr[ ev] poor] & ugli]4   
,goe! 0 "o ( ! =m] sort1 ,george ,s&    
likewise4 ,natures ( ?is type conta9 a  
wond]ful p[] ( r5ewal4 ,!y c love sev]al
 times )\t becom+ erotically depreciat$4

 ,_! s\ls1 l ! volcanic soils ( ! ,s\?1 
c be> ?ree crops )\t be+ exhau/$4 ,b ?is
 is n ! spiritual soil or climate (     
humanity at l>ge4 ,& ev5 su* ,olympian  
gods & goddesses suspect t love may h "s
 secret kept f !m4 ,goe!1 :o pray$ (    
fate t he might only be requir$ to love 
once 9 ano!r exi/5ce1 may h kn[n less ( 
love ?an ,dante1 to :om 0 v\*saf$ !     
m>vell\s vision describ$ 9 ! wond]ful   
words    ,v$e il cuor tuo 444  ,george  
,s&1 :o implor$ ( ! gods ! flame ( a    
great love1 0 nev] s ?or\ghly fir$ !reby
 z h] si/] poet1 ,elizabe? ,b>rett      
,br[n+1 :o gave witness ( h] sympa?y =  
h] 9 ! p]fect l9es :i* beg91    ,?\     
l>ge-bra9$ woman & l>ge-he>t$ man 444   
,b great love1 l great g5ius1 c nev] be 
a duty3 bo? are life's graci\s gifts to 
its elect4 ,!re c be no o!r /&>d (      
morality = him :o loves m ?an once ?an =
 him :o loves once only3 t ( !          
enhancem5t ( life4 ,he :o 9 a new love  
he>s ! s++ ( dri$-up spr+s1 feels ! sap 
ris+ 9 dead b\ghs1 ! r5ewal ( life's    

creative =ces2 he :o is prompt$ anew to 
magnanimity & tru?1 to g5tl5ess &       
g5]osity1 he :o f9ds /r5g? z well z     
intoxication 9 8 new love1 n\ri%m5t z   
well z a fea/--t man has a "r to !      
exp]i5ce4 ,^? on ! o!r h&--& !y are !   
majority--:om e new love makes poor] 9 !
 qualities common to humanity & 9       
p]sonal s5se ( p[]1 weak] 9 w1 less     
effici5t 9 "w1 h1 f ! po9t ( view ( !   
religion ( ,life1 no "r to su*          
self-det]ioration4 ,by its fruits love  
is kn[n4 ,no?+ is tru] ?an t 8!re is no 
su* ?+ z local demoralisation40 ,a p]son
 :o 9 all 8 o!r do+s is heal?y & g5u9e2 
:o cont9ues /rong & s\nd 9 8 "w1 is 9   
mo/ cases moral also 9 sexual matt]s    
accord+ to 8 consci5ce--ev5 if ?is does 
n h>monise ) ! doctr9e ( monogamy4 ,he1 
on ! o!r h&1 :o %[s himself a *eat or a 
wret* 9 8 o!r deal+s w probably be !    
same 9 ! affairs ( love1 :e!r 8 morals  
are ^? ( monogamy or polygamy2 & x is   
!re=e m unreasonable to judge ( a man's 
morality 9 o!r matt]s f 8 sexual code   

?an x is to judge ( 8 sexual morality f 
8 e?ical /&po9t 9 o!r que/ions4 ,nor    
does ! latt] af=d an infallible         
crit]ion1 = ^! are p :o rea* ! summit ( 
_! natures 9 a great love1 b rema9 bel[ 
x 9 ! re/ ( _! affairs4 ,o!rs aga9 nev] 
succe$ 9 rais+ _! erotic deal+s to !    
level ( ! re/ ( _! p]sonality4 ,b 9     
reg>d to ! accuracy ( ! result ! latt]  
/&>d is nev]!less z sup]ior to ! =m] z a
 *emi/'s scales are to an old-fa%ion$   
/eely>d4 ,x may (t5 be ! case t a       
p]son's o!r manife/ations are 9 a c]ta9 
s5se great] or less ?an himself1 b 8    
love1 on ! o!r h&1 w 9 a ?\s& cases to  
"o be 8 inmo/ self4 ,great or mean1 ri* 
or poor1 pure or impure z he is 9 t1 s w
 "o also f9d him 9 ! o!r important      
relations ( life4 ,( all summ>y         
*>act]i/ics ( a p]son1 !re=e1 none is m 
sure ?an ?is t1 z a man has lov$1 s he  
is4   ,al?\gh 9 ?is way a foll[] ( !    
religion ( ,life reg>ds ! ,tol/oy code (
 sexual morality z pr(\ndly immoral1 he 
recognises t x has a pur] z well z a    

less pure orig94  ,! =m] is ! case ) ^? 
:o h suff]$ deeply f ! passions :i* !y  
n[ advise o!rs to uproot = ! sake ( _!  
peace2 also ) ^? :o are 9 ! e>ly spr+ ( 
_! age1 :5 life is /ill asleep & nature 
appe>s to we> ! hues ( autumn4  ,! latt]
 is ! case ) ^? = :om life has be5 all  
autumn1 s9ce !y 7 born )]$2 wom5 & m5 :o
 h be5 seiz$ ) a hatr$ ( ! conditions ( 
procreation because !y h be5 ! victims (
 ^? vices & suff]+s :i* /ill make (     
erotics ! ,div9a ,comm$ia ( e>?ly life2 
b n z 9 t ( ,dante an ar*itectonic      
arrangem5t ( hell1 heav51 & purgatory1  
giv+ !m a def9ite sequ5ce 9 space & "t1 
b a drama :]e9 ! ?ree /ates break 9 ^u  
"o ano!r l waves on ! %ore4 ,b :e!r !   
hat]s ( sexual life belong to ! exhau/$ 
or to ! exclud$1 to ! /]ile or to !     
immature1 ! )]$ or ! poison$1 !y may    
d\btless be entitl$ individually to m or
 less l5i5cy2 _! doctr9e ( morality1    
h[ev]1 mu/ = ! reasons we h giv51 be    
reject$ z entirely wor?less4  ,! same   
holds good ( ^? :o solve ! sexual       

problem z ?\gh x 7 "o ) ! claim (       
individual lib]ty1 irrespective ( any   
consid]ation = ! race4  ,^! latt] are 9 
! habit ( comp>+ ! "r to satisfy sexual 
desire ) ! "r to satisfy hung]4 ,! =m]1 
on ! o!r h&1 reject ?is comp>ison z     
unt5able1 s9ce1 ( c\rse1 a p]son c live 
heal?ily 9 lifelong sexual ab/95ce4     
,in/ead ( x !y comp>e ! erotic passion )
 o!r passions1 su* z gambl+ &           
drunk5ness1 9 :i* popul> op9ion         
recomm5ds self-control & ! w is capable 
( x4  ,bo? reg>d ! "q 9 an equally      
sup]ficial way4 ,to comp>e ! fundam5tal 
conditions ( natural life1 ! motive =ces
 ( civilis$ life1 love & hung]1 ) any   
o!r passion ?an ea* o!r1 falsifies !    
:ole /atem5t ( ! problem4 ,! in/9ct (   
love1 z t ( hung]1 may to a c]ta9 ext5t 
be suppress$2 9 bo? cases an increase ( 
/r5g? 9 a c]ta9 direction may           
incid5tally be ga9$4 ,b bo? ne$s mu/ be 
satisfi$ 9 ! "r way if ! individual be+ 
& ! human race are to live & fulfil !   
int5tion ( life 9 a high] developm5t4   

,fa/+ m5 9 ! "q ( love are ( z little   
value to ! enhancem5t ( life z !y are 9 
o!r fields4  ,*ri/ianity has s accu/om$ 
u to treat sexual purity z a "q ( !     
individual t1 :e!r we reg>d x f ! po9t (
 view ( ! en?usia/ = *a/ity or f t ( !  
en?usia/ = lib]ty1 we d n p]ceive t1    
:ile "o satisfies hung] to prolong "o's 
own life1 "o produces *ildr5 to prolong 
t ( ! race4 ,?is r5d]s ! ascetic talk   
ab\t ! innocu\sness ( ab/95ce z         
sup]ficial z ! alleg$ "r to satisfy     
sexual desire ) ! same fre$om z hung]4  
,if ! individual rema9s )\t food1 he    
himself loses 8 life2 b if he rema9s )\t
 ! "r ( procreation1 ! race loses ! life
 he might h giv5 to x4 ,aga91 if !      
individual dies ( ov]eat+1 he is ! only 
"o :o suff]s2 if ! sexual in/9ct is     
abus$ ?r\gh excess1 x is ! race t       
suff]s4  ,! exi/+ immorality involves an
 un9t]rupt$ blood-poison+ ( ! organism (
 humanity4 ,! exi/+ ord] ( society &    
morality />ves ?is organism4 ,x is n    
only ) ! melan*oly _! own inevitable    

fate inspires 9 !m1 b also ) indignation
 aga9/ unnecess>y suff]+1 t innum]able  
excell5t m5 & wom5 "k t !y are condemn$ 
to die )\t hav+ giv5 _! blood1 _! s\ls1 
z an inh]itance to a new g5]ation (     
be+s4  ,x is beyond all "q t ! in/9ct ( 
! individual to cont9ue 8 exi/5ce 9 !   
race mu/ be controll$1 if x is to be an 
enhancem5t1 & n an ob/ruction1 to life4 
,b ?is1 9 ! mo/ lit]al s5se1 is ! vital 
"q = ! individual & = ! race3 ,,h[ &    
,,:y & ,,to ,,:at ,,ext5t ?is control is
 to be ex]cis$4  ,?us bo? ! life ( !    
individual & t ( ! race are enhanc$ :5  
"y p live 9 ab/95ce till !y h rea*$ full
 maturity4 ,! developm5t ( ! race ga9s  
:5 ! lives less wor?y to survive are n  
reproduc$ 9 (fspr+2 b ! life ( !        
individual & ( ! race suff]s :5 "y p1   
mature & 9 e way fit1 are n 9 a position
 to produce & re> (fspr+4  ,at a l[ /age
 ( developm5t1 hung] z well z celibacy  
has be5 an ennobl+ =ce4 ,man has        
gradually le>n$ to limit ! quantity ( 8 
food :ile improv+ its quality & regulat+

 ! supply4 ,he n[ kn[s t ! value ( food 
dep5ds to a l>ge ext5t on ! enjoym5t x  
provides & ! gratification ) :i* x is   
associat$2 t :at is unappetis+ does n   
fulfil its purpose4 ,he kn[s too t !    
organism _c be n\ri%$ by a diet         
accurately calculat$ = e age or = e     
class ( "w1 b t only a c]ta9 sup]fluity 
really gives ! necess>y satisfaction4   
,exp]i5ce has %[n t too great economy is
 z injuri\s z excess & t p]sonal ne$s   
mu/ )9 c]ta9 limits be ! decid+ crit]ion
 9 a full & life-enhanc+ sy/em ( diet4  
,our und]/&+ ( ?is subject is n[ f> 9   
advance ( ! ability ( ! bulk ( mank9d to
 foll[ x4 ,9 ! "q ( ! racial in/9ct1 on 
! o!r h&1 we are /ill a long way f k ( !
 conditions ( equilibrium1 & we h mu*   
f>!r /ill to g be=e we actually arrive  
at t equilibrium betwe5 ! />vation &    
excess 9 ! satisfaction ( ?is ne$ :i*   
are at pres5t *>act]i/ic ( our ,we/]n   
communities4  ,x 0 natural t ,lu!r %\ld 
put an end to fa/+ z well z celibacy4   
,bo? 7 expressions ( ! ,ori5tal long+ to

 atta9 ! ideal condition ( fre$om f     
desire2 bo? _h be5 necess>y factors 9 ! 
education ( ! ,g]manic peoples4 ,b at ! 
same "t x 0 un=tunately inevitable t    
,lu!r's "w ( lib]ation %\ld be          
inconclusive2 t he 0 incapable ( adopt+ 
! belief ( ! anci5ts 9 ! div9ity (      
humanity1 ! rights ( nature2 t he       
cont9ually s\ght ! sanctification (     
human nature by means ext]ior to itself4
 ,someone has said t ! c\rage ( ,lu!r ! 
monk 9 m>ry+ a nun 0 wor? m ?an all 8   
doctr9e4 ,t is a true say+4 ,filippo    
,lippi c]ta9ly did ! same4 ,! _w ga9$   
!reby "s magnific5t madonnas            
&--,filipp9o ,lippi4 ,b nei!r ,fra      
,filippo nor any o!r v[-break+ monk     
br\ght ab\t a revolution3 t 0 !         
a*ievem5t ( ,lu!r alone1 :o ass]t$ 8    
div9e & natural "r to 8 action4  ,!     
problem ( ! pres5t day is to foll[ up ! 
consequ5ces ( ?is decl>ation ( natural  
rights4  ,b nature is no m infallible   
?an %e is p]fect1 no m reasonable ?an   
unreasonable1 no m consi/5t ?an contr>y 

9 h] purposes2 s9ce %e is all ^!4 ,%e   
may be trans=m$--ennobl$ or debas$--by  
culture1 & !re=e a natural decl>ation ( 
rights implies only ! "r ( man          
consci\sly to cultivate nature1 s t 9 a 
c]ta9 direction %e may fulfil h] own    
purpose ) a gradual approa* to          
p]fection2 or1 9 o!r words1 t ! ne$s    
creat$ by nature 9 & ) human be+s may by
 !m be satisfi$ 9 a m beautiful & heal?y
 way4 ,b ?is culture ( ! erotic nature  
_c f9d its moral crit]ion 9 any div9e   
comm& or transc5d5tal idea4 ,x c only   
f9d x 9 ! same my/]i\s long+ =          
p]fection1 :i* 9 ! c\rse ( evolution has
 rais$ in/9ct into passion1 passion into
 love1 & :i* is n[ /riv+ to raise love  
itself to an ev5 great] love4  ,!re are 
"s :o ?9k t love %\ld !re=e advance a   
claim to a glory ( its own1 :i* is      
incompatible ) its 8natural0 mission1   
namely ! p]petuation ( ! race4  ,e "o   
kn[s1 h[ev]1 t evolution br+s ab\t a m  
complicat$1 het]og5e\s /ate ?an !       
orig9al "o2 & 9 ?is respect love is !   

mo/ conspicu\s example4 ,love--z we h   
already %[n--has n[ become a great      
spiritual p[]1 a =m ( g5ius comp>able ) 
any o!r creative =ce 9 ! doma9 (        
culture1 & its production 9 t region is 
j z important z 9 ! s-call$ natural     
field4 ,j z we n[ recognise ! "r ( !    
arti/ to %ape 8 "w1 or ( ! sci5tific man
 to c>ry out 8 inve/igations z x seems  
good to him1 s mu/ we all[ to love ! "r 
to employ its creative =ce 9 its own way
 provid$ only t 9 "o way or ano!r x     
f9ally conduces to ! g5]al good4  ,f ?is
 po9t ( view1 !n1 we _c ext5d !         
proposition t love is an end 9 itself s 
f> z to say t x may rema9 unfruitful4 ,x
 mu/ give life2 if n new liv+ be+s !n   
new values2 x mu/ enri* ! lov]s !mselves
 & ?r\gh !m mank9d4 ,"h z ev]y:]e ! tru?
 :i* gives fai? 9 life & creates        
morality is to be f\nd includ$ 9 !      
exp]i5ce :i* creates happ9ess2 & ! mo/  
s]i\s *>ge aga9/ c]ta9 =ms ( 8free love0
 is t x is unhappy love2 = !re is no    
unhappy love b ! unfruitful4  ,!        

capacity ( mank9d = =gett+ is m wond]ful
 ?an its capacity = le>n+4 ,if ?is 7 n  
s1 !re w\ld be no necessity to recall   
aga9 & aga9 t e b& ( apo/les includes a 
,judas2 nay1 t ! tru? c only be accept$ 
by disciples 9 ! h&s ( its enemies4 ,"o 
is rem9d$ by ?is t e re=mation has its  
vision>ies :o arre/ ! bl[ :5 ! re=m]s h 
put _! axe to ! root ( ! tree2 & "o is n
 surpris$ t ) e spr+ flood n only ! ice 
b ! e>? itself is wa%$ away4  ,mank9d   
seems det]m9$ n to rememb]4 ,!y mu/     
!re=e be rem9d$ once m t ! new          
morality's b& ( combatants1 ev] m       
closely unit$ & m rapidly increas+1 are 
di/+ui%$ f _! scatt]$ foll[]s & f _!    
light advance-gu>d by ! k t love is     
subject to ! same law z e o!r creative  
=ce2 ! law ( dep5d5ce on ! :ole = its   
own enhancem5t to its highe/ possible   
value4 ,love1 inde$1 ^: orig9 is ! v    
in/9ct ( ! race1 mu/ be m deeply b\nd up
 ) ! race ?an any o!r emotion4 ,&       
exp]i5ce %[s too t x _c pres]ve &       
promote its vital =ce if x lacks any    

connection )1 & does n /& 9 "s relation1
 ei!r ( giv+ or receiv+1 to ! race4 ,x  
is !re=e an indisputable necessity t e  
love entirely deta*$ f ! re/ ( humanity 
mu/ die = want ( n\ri%m5t4  ,b ! b& :i* 
atta*es x to humanity may be wov5 (     
sev]al mat]ials2 ! gift to ! race may   
express itself 9 v>i\s ways4 ,9 "o case 
a great emotion may br+ ab\t a tragic   
fate1 :i* op5s ! eyes ( humanity to ! r$
 abysses x conta9s )9 itself4 ,ano!r "t 
x may create a great happ9ess1 :i* %$s a
 radiance ar\nd ! happy ones1 illum9at+ 
all :o come ne> !m4 ,9 _m cases love    
translates itself into intellectual     
a*ievem5ts1 or useful social "w2 9 mo/ x
 results 9 two m p]fect human be+s1 &   
new creatures1 /ill m p]fect ?an        
!mselves4  ,^? c\ples1 on ! o!r h&1 :o h
 %$ no radiance ei!r 9 _! life or 9 _!  
dea?2 :o h n tak5 "o /ep on ! gold5     
ladd] to a high] humanity1 & :o h only  
f\nd 9 ea* o!r ! lu/ ( ! bea/s--)\t _!  
read9ess to sacrifice !mselves = (fspr+ 
--^! are immoral1 s9ce _! love has n    

s]v$ ! asc5d+ developm5t ( life4 ,:e!r  
?is lifeless love has tak5 ! =m ( a     
light & irregul> or ( a lifelong &      
lawful connection1 x has 9 no respect   
enri*$ ! life ( ! c\ple1 mu* less !re=e 
t ( ! race4  ,) ! enhancem5t ( life z   
love's /&>d ( morality1 x is ?us        
impossible1 z we ma9ta9$ at ! beg9n+1 to
 decide 9 advance :e!r ei!r a free or a 
m>ri$ love1 an int]rupt$ or a cont9u$   
m>riage1 volunt>y *ildlessness or       
p>5tage1 is moral or immoral2 = ! result
 dep5ds 9 ea* individual case on ! w1 ! 
*oice1 :i* lies beh9d x1 & only !       
developm5t ( ev5ts c decide ! nature (  
?is w & ?is *oice4  ,x is true en\gh t  
human be+s are (t5 weak] 9 execution ?an
 9 resolve4 ,b !n !y mu/ cont5t !mselves
 ) enl>g+ old ideas ( morality1 = su* z 
!y are n call$ to make new morals4 ,& x 
is true t life occasionally l5ds an     
unexpect$ h& 9 ! correction ( a mi/ake2 
b z a rule ! consequ5ces are z ! cause4 
,a woman :o = purely selfi% reasons %uns
 mo!rhood w ?us usually %[ h]self to be 

a mi/ress )\t affection2 a wife :o      
breaks loose f a m>riage be=e %e has    
tri$ to extract f x its possibilities ( 
happ9ess w probably ?r[ away h] *ances 9
 ! same way 9 a new "o4 ,no relation c  
be bett] ?an ! p]sons :o compose x4 ,?is
 law is s inflexible t ! adm9i/ration ( 
moral ju/ice might confid5tly be left to
 "t4 ,?is does n imply t love1 m ?an any
 o!r expression ( life1 c be )drawn f   
human arbitration1 b x implies t su*    
arbitration w be faulty :5 x is decid$  
by ! =ms ( a union in/ead ( by its      
results4 ,"h we are on ! wat]%$ betwe5 !
 old & ! new morality4 ,! c\rse ( ! =m] 
is det]m9$ by d\bts (1 & t ( ! latt] by 
belief 91 ! res\rces ( ! p[] 9 human    
nature4 ,! d\bts ( ! =m] lead to !      
obligation ( ! individual to submit     
himself to ! claims ( society2 ! belief 
( ! latt] leads to ! lib]ty ( !         
individual to *oose 8 own duty to       
society4 ,on acc\nt ( ! weakness ( human
 nature1 & ( consequ5t c>e = ! well-be+ 
( society1 ! cons]vatives claim t !     

individual mu/ conv9ce society 9 advance
 ( 8 will+ness to s]ve its ends 9 8     
love1 by r5\nc+ a "p ( 8 easily misus$  
lib]ty4 ,on acc\nt ( ! ri*ness ( human  
nature & ! claims ( developm5t1 ! re=m]s
 dem& = ! individual ! "r ( s]v+ !      
community ) 8 love accord+ to 8 own     
*oice1 & ( us+ ! fre$om ( 8 love "u 8   
own responsibility4  ,he :o does n all[ 
8 eye to be caught by ! light /raws t   
float & are lo/ ^u ! /ream ( "t w soon  
become aw>e t ! new morality is gr[+    
deep] & deep] ) fre% tribut>ies4        
,*ri/ian morality />ts f ! conception ( 
human nature z complete 9 its           
con/itution ?\gh n 9 its culture1 & ( a 
human be+ divid$ into body & s\l4 ,! s\l
 is ( div9e orig91 b fall51 & mu/ be    
rais$ aga9 by a process ( culture       
det]m9$ by religion1 ! object ( :i* is t
 mank9d may atta9 ! ideal provid$ by    
religion1 t is1 ,*ri/4  ,!re is ano!r   
morality :i* re/s--or :i* re/$--^u !    
belief 9 ! inborn div9ity ( human nature
 & ! equality ( all m52 ?is belief end$ 

9 ! ef=ts ( ! eighte5? c5tury t[>ds     
univ]sal welf>e1 & 9 ! expectation t    
lib]ty1 equality1 & frat]nity c\ld be   
realis$ ev5 ) ! exi/+ human mat]ial4  ,!
 new morality1 on ! o!r h&1 adopts      
humanism 9 ! =m ( evolutionism4 ,x is   
det]m9$ by a moni/ic belief 9 ! s\l &   
body z two =ms ( ! same exi/5ce2 by !   
belief ( evolutionism t man's           
psy*o-physical be+ is nei!r fall5 nor   
p]fect1 b capable ( p]fection2 t x is   
susceptible ( modification = ! v reason 
t x is n con/itutively complet$4 ,bo?   
utilit>ian & ,*ri/ian humanism saw      
8culture10 8progress10 & 8developm5t0 9 
man's improvem5t ( mat]ial & non-mat]ial
 res\rces )9 & )\t himself4 ,b          
evolutionism kn[s t all ?is has only be5
 ! prep>ation = a developm5t :i* is to  
improve & ennoble ! v mat]ial ( mank9d1 
hi!rto1 s to speak1 only exp]im5tally   
produc$4  ,our pres5t 8nature0 means    
only :at1 at ?is /age ( developm5t1 is  
psy*ologically & physiologically        
necess>y t we may exi/ z p ( a c]ta9 "t1

 a c]ta9 race1 a c]ta9 nation4 ,hair9ess
 0 once 8nature10 z nak$ness is n[4     
,m>riage by capture 0 once 8natural10 z 
c\rt%ip is n[4 ,:at new trans=mations ! 
race is de/9$ to und]go2 :at losses &   
ga9s1 at pres5t unsuspect$1 ( organs &  
s5ses1 faculties & prop]ties ( ! s\l1   
await x--?is is ! secret ( ! future4 ,b 
! m mank9d is conv9c$ ( its p[] (       
int]v5+ 9 its own developm5t1 ! m       
necess>y does a consci\s purpose become4
 ,we mu/ und]/& :at ob/ructions we w    
root out1 :at roads we w block up1 & :at
 sacrifices we w impose ^u ourselves4   
,! new morality is 9 ! /age ( enquiry on
 _m que/ions--su* z lab\r1 crime1 &     
education--b above all on ! sexual life4
 ,ev5 on ?is "q x no long] accepts      
comm&m5ts f ! m\nta9s ( ,s9ai or        
,galilee2 "h z ev]y:]e else evolutionism
 c only reg>d cont9u\s exp]i5ce z       
revelation4 ,evolutionism does n reject 
! results ( hi/orical exp]i5ce1 nor !   
fruits ( ,*ri/ian-human                 
civilisation--ev5 if x 7 possible to    

8reject0 :at has become s\l & blood 9   
humanity4 ,b x reg>ds ! c\rse (         
hi/orical civilisation t lies beh9d u z 
a battle-field ( mutually conflict+     
ideas & purposes1 ) no m consci\s plan  
?an ! w>f>e ( savages4 ,n until humanity
 *ooses its ends & its means--& makes   
its m imm$iate end ! enhancem5t ( all t 
is at pres5t *>act]i/ic ( humanity--n   
until x beg9s to measure all its o!r    
ga9s & losses by ! degree 9 :i* !y fur!r
 or ret>d t enhancem5t1 w x also adopt !
 "r attitude t[>ds its inh]itance f =m] 
ages4 ,!n x w reject :at h9d]s & select 
:at assi/s its /ruggle = ! /r5g!n+ ( its
 position z humanity & its elevation to 
sup]-humanity4  ,we /& on ! v]ge ( a    
/age ( culture :i* w be t ( ! dep?s1 n1 
z hi!rto1 ( ! surface alone2 a /age :i* 
w n be m]ely a culture ?r\gh mank9d1 b  
culture ( mank9d4 ,= ! fir/ "t1 ! great 
fa%ion]s ( culture w be able to "w 9    
m>ble1 in/ead (1 z hi!rto1 be+ =c$ to "w
 9 sn[4 ,! true relation betwe5 ! rights
 ( ! individual & ^? ( ! race w become 9

 ! field ( love z important z ! relation
 betwe5 ! rights ( ! individual & ^? (  
society 9 ! field ( lab\r4 ,! conditions
 ( lab\r raise or l[] ! value ( ! pres5t
 z well z ( ! future g5]ation4 ,! same  
holds good--& 9 an ev5 high] degree--( !
 conditions ( love4  ,h[ ! b\nd>y w     
f9ally be def9$--9 ! "o case z 9 !      
o!r--we _c "k at pres5t4 ,x is true t   
!re is "h & !re a glimm] ( light :i*    
already %[s ! way2 b until ^! gleams    
become m frequ5t1 mank9d c only grope & 
/umble along ! pa? by :i* p]haps x w "o 
day m>* 9 full daylight4  ,_m :o reg>d  
sexual morality f ! po9t ( view (       
evolutionism h nev] enquir$ :e!r        
monogamy--& an increas+ly p]fect        
monogamy--is really ! be/ means ( human 
developm5t4 ,^! evolutioni/s unite ) !  
*ampions ( ,*ri/ian idealism 9          
condemnation ( 8! immorality ( ! pres5t 
day10 :i* decl>es itself 9 sexual matt]s
 9 ! =m ( free connections outside      
matrimony2 ( an increase ( divorce among
 ^? m>ri$2 ( dis9cl9ation = p>5tage & ( 

! claim ( unm>ri$ wom5 to ! "r (        
mo!rhood4 ,o!r evolutioni/s ?9k t all   
?is is ! e>lie/ ann\ncem5t ( ! awak5+   
:i* w assign to love its full           
importance1 n only = ! p]petuation1 b = 
! progress ( ! race4 ,) ! w ( active1   
effective life !y attack ! curr5t /&>d (
 morality & ! rights ( ! family4 ,!     
object ( ! conflict is n itself new2 :at
 is new is only ! boldness1 fo/]$1      
consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 by !        
evolution>y idea1 ( ?us ass]t+ ! rights 
( love aga9/ ^? ( society1 ! code ( !   
future aga9/ t ( ! pa/4  ,! new morality
 kn[s t 9 a wide s5se civilisation w    
only atta9 la/+ p[] ov] nature :5 x     
comb9es high] emotions ( happ9ess ) !   
ends 9 ! pursuit ( :i* h>% means may be 
dem&$4 ,t cre$ ( life :i* makes !       
mission ( ! race co-op]ate ) p]sonal    
happ9ess 9 love1 w also dem& ( ! latt] !
 sacrifices :i* ! =m] r5d]s necess>y4 ,b
 x mu/ n augm5t ^! requirem5ts by       
ascetic dem&s = purity :i* are mean+less
 = ! racial mission4 ,! foll[]s ( ?is   

cre$ w take love z ! crit]ion ( !       
individual's sexual emotions & actions1 
above all because !y believe t !        
happ9ess ( ! individual is ! mo/        
important condition also = ! enhancem5t 
( ! race4  ,!y desire to fill ! e>? )   
hung]]s = happ9ess1 s9ce !y "k t only   
?us w e>?ly life atta9 its inmo/        
purpose1 t ( =m+--9 an altoge!r new     
s5se--creatures ( et]nity4  ,! ^w1 :i*  
?r\gh ,eros became fle% & dwells among  
u1 is ! pr(\nde/ ( all3 ,joy is         
p]fection4  ,if we accept ?is dictum (  
,sp9oza z ! highe/ revelation ( life's  
mean+1 our eyes are at ! same "t op5$ to
 ! h>mony ( exi/5ce4 ,we p]ceive t ! m  
p]fect race w be 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w 
creat$ by love4 ,b ?is w n take place   
until love has become a religion1 !     
highe/ expression ( ! fe> ( life--n !   
fe> ( ,god2--:5 fai? 9 life has scatt]$ 
! sup]/ition & unbelief :i* /ill        
disfigure love4 ,:5 ! elde/ ( ! gods has
 no o!r god be=e him1 !n w ! mon/]s :o  
n[ fill ! murky deeps ov] :i* ! _s ( !  

god moves p]i% 9 ! light ( ! new day (  
creation4   ,= ! sake ( cle>ness1 x has 
be5 necess>y to sum up "h ! ma9 ideas ( 
! foll[+ exposition4 ,9 "s measure x w  
!re=e be also necess>y to return to !m  
dur+ ! foll[+ treatm5t ( ! movem5ts :i* 
h ! deepe/ influ5ce on sexual morality3 
! evolution ( love1 its fre$om & its    
selection2 ! claims ( a "r to & an      
exemption f mo!rhood2 ( collective      
mo!rhood1 ( free divorce1 & ( a new     
m>riage law4     ,,*apt] ,,ii  ,,!      
,,evolution ,,( ,,love   ,j z ! ,sw$es1 
9 comp>ison ) "s o!r ( ! ,g]manic       
peoples1 are beh9dh& 9 _! view ( l'am\r 
passion1 s are ! ,g]manic races z a :ole
 beh9dh& z comp>$ ) ! =emo/ ,lat9       
peoples4 ,! ,gallic c\nt]p>t ( ! ,lu!ran
 doctr9e ( m>riage is to be f\nd 9 ano!r
 monk1 ,lu!r's contempor>y1 ,rabelais1 )
 8 joy\s project ( a new k9d ( conv5t1  
:]e e monk %\ld h 8 nun1 ) ! p[] (      
sep>at+ aft] a ye> ( probation2 a plan  
:i* p]haps w\ld n h be5 a mu* m r\ndab\t
 way ( educat+ mank9d to love ?an 0 !   

,lu!ran doctr9e ( m>riage4 ,no?+ is f>!r
 f ! tru? ?an t ! ,re=mation increas$   
respect = love & woman4 ,x rais$ ! e/eem
 = ! m>ri$ /ate z comp>$ ) ! unm>ri$1 b 
x enhanc$ nei!r ! position ( woman 9    
matrimony nor ! importance ( love 9     
reg>d to m>riage4 ,ev5 9 ! ,middle      
,ages1 ! ,lat9 nations r5d] a homage to 
woman :i* to-day is /ill almo/          
incompreh5sible to ! man ( a ,g]manic   
race4 ,& if1 on ! "o h&1 ?is homage took
 ! =m ( ! cult ( ,v5us1 :i* is born 9 ! 
,lat9 blood1 on ! o!r1 x express$ ?r\gh 
! cult ( ,m>y its rev]5ce = :at is      
deepe/ 9 woman1 mo!rhood4 ,ev5 to-day1 !
 ,fr5*woman is e/eem$ n accord+ to h]   
age b accord+ to h] qualities4 ,x is n  
only ! mo!rs :o wor%ip _! sons1 b also !
 latt] _! mo!rs2 & n only ! "m1 b       
besides h] e admirable eld]ly woman     
receives att5tion 9 social life z 9 !   
family f m5 ( all ages4 ,! middle-class 
wife--?\gh inde$ at ! co/ ( !           
*ildr5--co-op]ates 9 h] husb&'s call+ ) 
a s]i\sness unkn[n 9 ! ,g]manic         

middle-class4 ,9 ,france z 9 ,italy1    
family life has a k9d ( w>m intimacy :i*
 ! ,g]man does n und]/&2 s9ce ! ,lat9   
temp]am5t lacks t g5iality :i* %$s its  
light ov] ! frequ5tly r\gh l9es & h>%   
col\rs ( ! l&scape ( ! ,g]manic s\l4 ,x 
is r ! coldness ( 8 disposition ?an !   
/r5g? ( 8 s\l t makes ! ,g]man s mu*    
less erotic ?an ! ,s\!rn]2 x is m       
indiff]5ce to woman ?an respect = h] t  
expresses itself 9 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! 
erotic cu/oms ( ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,b :5 all 
?is has be5 admitt$ = ! sake ( ju/ice1  
we may fairly lay /ress ^u ! influ5ce ( 
! ,g]manic _s 9 ! /ruggle to put an end 
to t cleavage betwe5 love & m>riage :i* 
has prevail$ among ! ,s\!rn nations ev] 
s9ce ! days ( ! ,c\rts ( ,love4 ,= !    
peculi>ity ( ! ,gallic _s is to         
discrim9ate4 ,?is gives x ! p[] ( foll[+
 out an idea to its utt]mo/ conclusions1
 b at ! same "t r5d]s x liable 9 actual 
life to split itself up among           
sup]ficialities4 ,! /r5g? ( ! ,g]man1 on
 ! o!r h&1 is 8 desire ( unity4 ,?is    

makes him inconsi/5t z a ?9k]1 s9ce he  
mu/ include ev]y?+1 b aga9/ ?is x makes 
him /rive aft] consi/5cy 9 life4 ,! same
 deep s5se ( p]sonality :i* creat$      
,prote/antism has 9 ! ,g]manic _w s\ght 
to make love z well z fai? ! affair ( ! 
individual & to make m>riage "o ) love4 
,among ! educat$ classes 9 ! ,nor?1     
m>riages ( conv5i5ce or ^? arrang$ by ! 
family are n[ ?+s ( ! pa/1 :ile 9 !     
,lat9 _w !y are /ill ! rule1 ?\gh )     
increas+ly frequ5t exceptions4 ,b 9 mo/ 
cases x is /ill 9 free connections1 be=e
 & dur+ m>riage1 t ! ,fr5*man engages 8 
erotic feel+s2 & ! ,fr5* wife has       
abundantly %[n ! empt9ess ( ! ass]tion t
 8a woman always loves ! fa!r ( h]      
*ild10 ! mo/ dang]\s ( ! false doctr9es 
:i* h l$ wom5 into m>riage & !nce into  
adult]y4 ,9 ,%akespe>e1 on ! o!r h&1 we 
already f9d ! wife & ! mi/ress unit$ 9 !
 same p]son1 & x is always 9 ,engli%    
lit]ature t we meet ) ! highe/          
expression ( ! ,g]manic feel+ = unity 9 
love4 ,s9ce ! m$ival m9nes+]s ceas$ to  

s+1 ! lit]ature ( ,g]many & ,sc&9avia1  
dom9at$ by ,lu!ranism1 be>s witness     
*iefly ( 8! lu/ ( ! fle%40 ,wom5 are    
e/eem$ accord+ z !y fulfil _! de/9y z   
be>]s ( *ildr5 & h\sewives4 ,! abolition
 ( ! cloi/] & celibacy has1 h[ev]1      
br\ght ab\t ! good result ( !           
transmission ( spiritual =ces :i* =m]ly 
di$ ) ! individual4 ,& x may well h be5 
?r\gh "s ( ^? :o =m]ly took refuge ) _! 
idealism 9 a cloi/]1 t ! long+ = a great
 love has be5 left z an inh]itance to   
sons & daught]s4  ,9 ,g]many1 ! lead+   
poet ( ! 8age ( enlight5m5t10 ,gotts*$1 
ass]ts woman's "r to culture2 9 ,am]ica1
 dur+ ! ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! wom5 gave  
evid5ce ( _! s5se ( citiz5%ip2 & x 0    
dur+ a m rec5t /ruggle = lib]ty1 t aga9/
 slav]y1 t ! woman's "q came to ! front 
9 t c\ntry4  ,9 ,france1 ! eighte5?     
c5tury1 m ?an any o!r p]iod ( hi/ory1 is
 8! c5tury ( woman40 ,! salons are !    
focuss+ po9t ( all ideas2 ! mo/ em95t m5
 write = wom51 :o become electric       
batt]ies f :i* ! ideas ( ! "t s5d out   

k9dl+ sp>ks 9 all directions4 ,?us !    
wom5 ( ,france help to prep>e ! ,fr5*   
,revolution4 ,dur+ ! ,revolution1       
,olympe de ,g\ges writes h] 8decl>ation 
( ! rights ( woman10 z a c\nt]p>t to t (
 ! rights ( man1 & ,condorcet speaks 9  
support ( woman's claims4 ,! same _s ( a
 new age confronts u 9 ,m>y             
,woll/onecraft's ,a ,v9dication ( !     
,rights ( ,woman 7#agib71 z also 9      
,hippel's ,ueb] die brg]li*e ,v]bess]ung
 d] ,weib]1 publi%$ ! same ye>1 & 9 !   
,sw$e ,?orild's contempor>y treatise ,om
 kv9noknets naturliga hghet 78,on !     
,natural ,greatness ( ,wom5074 ,ea* 9   
its way 0 a rem>kable sign ( ! "t :i*   
already includ$ ! :ole 8emancipation0   
programme ( equality ( position3 ! same 
rights = woman z = man z reg>ds         
education1 lab\r1 a %>e 9 legislation1 &
 an equality ( position "u ! law & 9    
m>riage4  ,isolat$ in/ances ( emancipat$
 wom5 7 no?+ new4 ,9 ,greece1 ! type 0  
common en\gh to be employ$ 9 com$y2 9   
,rome1 self-support+ wom5 7 to be f\nd2 

dur+ ! ,middle ,ages n only ,bridget b  
_m ano!r woman--9 ! quality ( abbess or 
reg5t--ex]cis$ a great & (t5 b5eficial  
activity4 ,! days ( antiquity1 ( !      
,middle ,ages1 & ( ! ,r5aissance all    
possess$ female s*ol>s1 physicians1 &   
arti/s4 ,b x is n until ! c5tury ( !    
great ,revolution t we f9d among wom5   
!mselves z well z among c]ta9 m5 a      
p]si/5t & consci\s /riv+ to elevate !   
education & to secure ! rights ( wom54  
,& :]ev] ?is /riv+ has be5 pr(\nd1 x has
 be5 unit$ ) ! desire to re=m ! position
 ( woman 9 love & 9 m>riage4   ,x is a v
 common b errone\s op9ion t monogamy has
 giv5 rise to love4 ,love appe>s already
 among animals1 & ) !m1 z 9 ! _w ( m51  
has %[n itself indep5d5t ( monogamy4  ,!
 orig9 ( ! latt] 9 human society 0 !    
relation ( proprietor%ip1 religi\s      
ideas1 consid]ations ( collective       
utility1 b n p]ception ( ! importance ( 
love's selection4 ,on ! contr>y1 love   
has be5 9 p]petual /rife ) monogamy1 & x
 is !re=e a pr(\nd mi/ake to suppose t !

 high] view ( love has be5 =m$ solely   
?r\gh monogamy4 ,! idea ( love has be5  
develop$ 9 z great a degree by attacks  
on m>riage z 9 association ) m>riage    
itself4  ,:ile1 9 spite ( ! accumulation
 ( evid5ce to ! contr>y1 ,*ri/ianity's  
%>e 9 ! orig9 ( human love is con/antly 
exagg]at$1 suffici5t /ress has n be5    
laid ^u its indirect influ5ce on !      
developm5t ( sexual love4 ,x is true t  
all ov] ! _w--f ,icel& to ,japan--songs 
& leg5ds are to be f\nd :i* give glori\s
 evid5ce ( ! p[] ( love 9 ! he>t ( man 9
 all ages4 ,b ! sexual emotion1         
nev]!less1 held a subord9ate position 9 
! life ( ! human s\l until ,*ri/ianity  
grant$ to woman also a s\l to save--9   
o!r words1 a p]sonality to cultivate4   
,*ri/ianity1 moreov] comm5d$ ! womanly r
 ?an ! manly virtues1 & al?\gh ,*ri/    
himself ignor$ woman1 love1 & ! family  
life1 8 e?ics became ?us 9 an indirect  
=m a glorification ( woman4 ,!          
importance atta*$ by ,*ri/ianity to !   
value ( ! individual z a s\l--9         

contradi/9ction to ! insi/5ce by        
paganism on 8 value z a citiz5--0       
likewise "o ( ! unse5 contribut>y causes
 :i* dur+ ! ,middle ,ages made love a   
life-p[]4  ,9 antiquity1 m>riage 0 a    
duty to society2 fri5d%ip1 on ! o!r h&1 
0 ! free expression ( sympa?y4 ,n until 
man's consci\sness admitt$ a s\l 9      
woman1 c\ld p]sonal love arise4 ,b s    
my/]i\s are ! influ5ces ?r\gh :i* ! s\l 
( mank9d gr[s1 t ! y\?ful love ( !      
anci5ts indirectly develop$ ! ne$ (     
sympa?y also betwe5 gr[n m5 & wom52 & ! 
suppression ( ! sexual in/9ct by        
,ca?olic asceticism indirectly fur!r$ ! 
introspective1 s\lful emotion ( love :i*
 rises above s5suality4  ,! mod]n view (
 love z ! mo/ l(ty /ate ( ! s\l _h      
already tak5 %ape 9 ! "t ( ! ,crusades  
suffici5tly to br+ into exi/5ce at ?is  
p]iod ! ,c\rts ( ,love 9 ! s\? (        
,france4 ,woman1 ! knight1 & ! s+]      
toge!r int5sify & ref9e love1 9 "p by   
lay+ /ress ^u its incompatibility )     
m>riage6  ,/ud5ts h %[n h[ ! ref9$      

expression ( love 9 poetry corresponds )
 ! =ms ( ! sexual life ( ! upp] classes1
 s9ce monogamy became ! law & a secret  
polygamy ! cu/om4 ,?is dual division ( !
 erotic feel+s has on ! "o side br\ght  
ab\t su* f9e & l(ty1 & on ! o!r su*     
co>se & debas$ manife/ations t nei!r "o 
nor ! o!r has any c\nt]p>t among !      
nations--or classes )9 a nation--:]e ?is
 division is unkn[n1 s9ce !re ! fre$om (
 sexual *oice is undisput$4  ,& ?is is  
natural2 = !re ! sexual life pres]ves   
its innoc5ce ( 8p>adise10 "o ( simple   
animality p]turb$ by no high]           
consci\sness4 ,?is innoc5ce c only be   
replac$ on a high] plane aft] a long    
p]iod ( developm5t4 ,! way ?i!r is by ! 
cleavage :i* 8! division ( lab\r0       
involves ev5 9 reg>d to ! developm5t ( !
 feel+s4  ,! ,middle ,ages 7 ?us only   
capable ( divid+ love f m>riage4 ,?is is
 witness$ by ! greate/ s+]s ( love & by 
! greate/ love /ories4 ,tri/an & ,isolde
 9 ! _w ( poetry1 ,abel>d & ,helose 9 t 
( reality1 are ! highe/ types ( ! new   

age1 ev5 !n dawn+1 :i* is f9ally to br+ 
ab\t ! decl>ation ( rights ( human      
emotion z ( human ?\ght4 ,^! lov]s1     
unit$ 9 life & dea?1 are ! highe/       
te/imony ( ! ,middle ,ages to t free    
love :i* makes its own laws & aboli%es  
all o!rs2 to t great love :i* is ! s5se 
( et]nity ( great s\ls1 9 opposition to 
! ephem]al incl9ation ( small ones4     
,s*ola/icism1 ev] ext5d+ introspective  
psy*ology2 my/icism1 ev] ref9+ ! life ( 
! s\l devot$ to ,god1 unconsci\sly p\r  
oil ^u ! r$ flame ( love z ^u ! :ite    
flame ( fai?4 ,! ,vita ,nuova ( love    
breaks out 9 ! fire ( poetry1 ^: mo/    
aspir+ flame 0 ,dante4 ,x liv$ on 9 !   
s\ls ( ! elect among ,lat9 peoples4 ,!  
,platonism ( ! ,r5aissance ref9$ !      
m$ival conception ( love z ! mo/        
excell5t means ( br++ to p]fection !    
highe/ human qualities4 ,& ?us 0        
e/abli%$ ! "r ( lov]s to indep5d5ce ( ! 
cu/oms ( society4  ,x is significant t1 
at ! m$ival ,c\rts ( ,love z at ! c\rts 
( ! ,r5aissance & 9 ! conte/s ( wit ( ! 

sev5te5? c5tury1 wom5 are grant$ n only 
! same "r ( s5tim5t z m5 b also ! same  
lib]ty ( us+ _! spiritual gifts2 = e    
int5sify+ ( love is connect$1 op5ly or  
o!rwise1 ) ! augm5tation ( woman's      
spiritual life & ) man's ?us enhanc$    
e/imation ( ! value ( h] p]sonality4    
,in/ead ( be+ to him 8! sex10 ! means ( 
enjoym5t1 woman becomes ! mi/ress1 :5   
love has come to mean an exclusive      
desire = "o woman1 :o is only to be won 
by devot$ s]vice4 ,:5ev] woman has tak5 
! lead 9 erotic matt]s1 man's love has  
be5 ennobl$4 ,9 ,%akespe>e1 we f9d !    
:ole ( ! prec$+ spiritual culture summ$ 
up4 ,all 8 be/ wom5 are *a/e 9 ! same   
degree z !y are devot$1 b !y are also 9 
! same degree spiritually ri* & complete
 p]sonalities4 ,!re=e !y are also lead]s
 ?r\gh _! cle>-sight$ness & promptness 9
 ! mom5t ( action4 ,& al?\gh ,%akespe>e1
 l e o!r great poet1 =m$ 8 wom5 m ( !   
mat]ial ( dreams ?an ( reality2 al?\gh !
 =emo/ m5 ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance      
probably _h m (t5 a ,boccaccio's ?an a  

,petr>*'s exp]i5ce ( love2 al?\gh ! age 
( b>oque turn$ le ,pays du t5dre into a 
/iff g>d5 surr\nd+ decorative figures1  
nev]!less life itself1 especially ! life
 ( ! ,lat9 peoples--z well z _! be/     
lit]ature--c always %[ pr\d & beautiful 
examples ( lov+ c\ples & sacrifices =   
love1 ev5 9 t c5tury ^: male            
8philosoph]s0 depriv$ woman ( ! lead1 :5
 love became 8galant]ie10 gay & ugly by 
turns4  ,at ! "t :5 ,r\sseau appe>$1    
love 0 equally degrad$ ?r\gh            
,lat9-,epicurean immorality & ?r\gh     
,g]manic-,lu!ran 8morality40  ,:at he   
did = love 0 ! same t he w\ld h done = !
 lungs1 if 9 "o ( ! b\doirs ( ^? days1  
/uffy ) p]fumes & wax c&les1 he _h ?r[n 
op5 ! w9d[s to ! summ] night1 ) its sc5t
 ( productive e>? & blossom+ plants1 d>k
 masses ( foliage & ! />-s[n sky4  ,b   
,r\sseau did n foll[ out ! ideas t lay  
ne>e/ to 8 own3 t only love ought to    
con/itute m>riage2 t only ! developm5t (
 ! woman's p]sonality deep5s love4 ,ev5 
,goe!1 :o aft] ,r\sseau c>ri$ ! gleam+  

trail f>!r1 by %[+ love z ! my/]i\s     
fateful p[] ( elective aff9ity1 saw !   
happ9ess ( love r 9 ! directness (      
woman's nature ?an 9 its developm5t4 ,! 
,fr5* ,revolution drew ! consequ5ces (  
,r\sseau's propositions also 9 !        
que/ions ( love & woman2 x made m>riage 
civil & divorce free1 b x did n give to 
woman ! fran*ise2 inde$1 x did n ev5    
pres]ve ! =m ( x :i* %e _h previ\sly    
possess$4 ,all ! spirits influ5c$ by    
,r\sseau & ! ,revolution h s9ce1 9      
lit]ature & 9 life1 foll[$ out love's   
decl>ation ( rights4  ,9 ! n9ete5?      
c5tury z 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 x 0 wom51   
poets1 & knights--! la/ "u ! "n ( social
 utopians--:o took ! lead 9 ?is4 ,9     
,g]many1 x 0 fir/ ! romantic s*ool1 !n  
8,"y ,g]many10 :i* w5t =emo/2 9 ,engl&1 
,%elley1 ,byron1 ,br[n+1 & a numb] ( o!r
 ?9k]s2 9 ,norway1 ,camilla ,collet & "s
 great poets among ! m54 ,9 ,france1--9 
! mid/ ( ! reaction :i* re9troduc$      
indissoluble m>riage1--,madame de ,/al  
attacks ?is 9 ,delph9e4 ,9 ! c\ntry (   

lit]>y salons1 x is attempt$ to prev5t  
woman's g5ius f act+ z a social =ce--&  
?r\gh ,cor9ne & ,coppet1 ,mme4 de ,/al  
makes x a univ]sal =ce4 ,h] confid5ce t 
hon\r = a woman c signify only a means (
 w9n+ love2 h] compla9t t life d5ies to 
! woman ( g5ius ! fulfilm5t ( h] mo/    
beautiful dream1 love 9 m>riage1 7 !    
prologue to innum]able trag$ies dur+    
woman's c5tury4 ,aft] h]1 came ! foll[]s
 ( ,/4 ,simon & ! re/ ( ! social        
revolution>ies1 & above all ano!r (     
,r\sseau's spiritual daught]s1 ! woman 9
 ^: ve9s all ! blood 0 m+l$ :i* !       
,revolution _h p\r$ out on ! scaffold & 
on ! battle-field3 blood ( ! mob1 blood 
( ! b\rgeois1 noble blood1 royal blood6 
,! c\rage ( h] nation to foll[ tru? to  
its utmo/ consequ5ces1 ! f]v5t fai? ( h]
 *ildhood1 ! wi/fulness ( h] blood1 h]  
s\l's long+ = et]nity1 ! volcanic ard\r 
& a%es ( h] exp]i5ces--all ?is ,george  
,s& hurls =? 9 h] indictm5t ( ! m>riage 
upheld by ,*ur* & ,/ate1 :i* to h] 0    
8lawful ravi%+0 & 8pro/itution "u v[s40 

,long be=e h] "t1 ! rights ( love _h be5
 ass]t$ 9 ! case ( exceptional natures4 
,george ,s&'s new c\rage 0 %[n 9 dem&+  
?is "r = all2 9 br&+ x ^u ! consci5ce ( 
h] "t t1 :5 two human be+s wi% to be    
toge!r1 no bond is ne$$ to hold !m      
toge!r2 t1 :5 !y d n wi% x1 to hold !m  
toge!r by =ce is a violation ( _! human 
rights & ( _! human dignity4  ,f ?is    
mom5t ! battle 0 transf]r$ f ,olympus to
 ! e>?4 ,& s9ce !n all 8savi\rs (       
society0 h s\ght to qu5*1 & all 8enemies
 ( society0 h /riv5 to spread1 its      
flames4  ,! love :i* a ,george ,s&      
h]self s\ght 9 va9 on pa?s f :i* %e     
return$ ) feet w\nd$1 & sometimes soil$2
 ! love a ,rahel ,v>nhag5 suff]$ f &    
liv$ on1 a ,camilla ,collet implor$1 &  
an ,elizabe? ,br[n+ realis$--?is is !   
love ( :i* ! woman ( ! new age is also  
dream+4  ,george ,s&--l ! foll[]s ( ,/4 
,simon1 & l ! mod]n fem9i/s--look$ ^u   
fre$om 9 love z ! c5tral po9t 9 !       
woman's "q4 ,l ,george ,s&1 ! fem9ism ( 
! pres5t day ass]ts ! "r ( free ?\ght   

aga9/ ! cre$ ( au?ority 9 e field2 !    
solid>ity ( mank9d & ! cause ( peace    
aga9/ ! patriotism ( milit>ism2 social  
re=m aga9/ ! exi/+ relations ( society4 
,! ,am]ican-,engli%-,sc&9avian woman's  
"q--^: supreme confession ( fai? is /ill
 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill's book1 publi%$ 9 #ahed1 
on ,! ,subjection ( ,wom5--has1 on ! o!r
 h&1 ov]look$ to a great ext5t erotic1  
religi\s1 & social emancipation1 &      
ass]t$ only woman's rights z a citiz54  
,?us1 especially 9 ,sc&9avia1 ! new     
gospel ( love has _h to enc\nt] f !     
lead]s ( emancipation1 n[ indiff]5ce1 n[
 res5tm5t4  ,ridicule & res5tm5t f m5 h 
also fall5 to ! lot ( ! wom5's dem& = a 
new love4 ,) argum5ts1 = :i* ,s*op5hau] 
& ,h>tmann once provid$ ! philosophical 
=mul1 x has be5 %[n t s\lful love is an 
illusion ( nature1 & t ! unity 9 love1  
:i* woman n[ claims ( man1 dem&s        
sacrifices :i* are oppos$ to 8          
physiological & psy*ological nature4    
,undi/urb$ by ridicule & res5tm5t1      
h[ev]1 ! wom5 ( ! new age h cont9u$ to  

prea* ! love ( _! dreams--:i* is also t 
( ! dreams ( poets4  ,= ?\s&s ( ye>s1   
poetry has be5 pictur+ love z a my/]i\s 
& tragic p[]4 ,b :5 anyone says ! same  
?+ 9 pla9 prose1 & adds t life w\ld be  
col\rless & poor )\t ! great passions1  
!n ?is is call$ immorality6 ,c5tury aft]
 c5tury1 poetry sets =? ! l(t9ess (     
love4 ,b if anyone 9 ev]yday prose      
v5tures to say t love may become an ev] 
l(ti] emotion1 !n ?is is call$          
extravagance2 = x does n occur to ! p ( 
! pres5t day to reg>d poetry z          
prophetic4  ,! new love is /ill !       
natural attraction ( man & woman to ea* 
o!r = ! cont9uance ( ! race4 ,x is /ill 
! desire ( ! active human be+ to relieve
 ?r\gh comrade%ip ! h>d%ips ( ano!r & ( 
himself at ! same "t4 ,b above ?is      
et]nal nature ( love1 beyond ?is        
primeval cause ( m>riage1 ano!r long+   
has gr[n ) increas+ /r5g?4 ,?is is n    
direct$ t[>ds ! cont9uance ( ! race4 ,x 
has sprung f man's s5se ( lonel9ess )9 8
 race1 a lonel9ess :i* is ev] great] 9  

proportion z 8 s\l is exceptional4 ,x is
 ! p9+ = t human s\l :i* is to release  
our own f ?is torm5t ( solitude2 a      
torm5t :i* 0 =m]ly allay$ by repose 9   
,god1 b :i* n[ seeks its re/ ) an equal1
 ) a s\l t has itself la9 wakeful )     
eyelids heat$ f ! same long+2 a s\l     
emp[]$ by love to ! miracle ( r$eem+ our
 s\l--z itself by ours is r$eem$--f !   
s5se ( be+ a /rang] ^u e>?2 a s\l be=e  
^: w>m? our own lets fall ! cov]+ t !   
_w's coldness has impos$ ^u x & %[s its 
secrets & its glories )\t %ame4 ,ri*>d  
,dehmel has summ$ ?is up 9 two immortal 
l9es3    ,liebe i/ die ,freiheit d]     
,ge/alt    ,vom ,wahn d] ,welt1 vom     
,bann d] eign5 ,seele4  ,! same feel+   
has possess$ _m a man be=e our "t4 ,"o (
 !m 0 ,eugne ,delacroix1 :o speaks 9 8  
j\rnal ( ! pa9 ( only be+ able to %[ to 
ea* ( 8 fri5ds ! aspect ( himself :i* t 
fri5d und]/ood1 & ( ?us be+ oblig$ to   
become ano!r = ea* ( !m1 )\t ev] feel+  
himself completely und]/ood2 a suff]+ = 
:i* he only knew "o rem$y1 une p\se qui 

e/ de votre =ce4  ,b :at is new ab\t x  
is t ?is s5tim5t has become diffus$ &   
has tak5 %ape 9 ! consci\sness ( ! _m2 t
 x is beg9n+ to set its /amp ^u ! :ole  
_s ( ! age4  ,mean:ile1 mank9d cont9ues 
to be guid$ by erotic impulses :i* lie  
deep bel[ its consci\s erotic ne$s4     
,man's s5ses are spurr$ by a desire :i* 
?ru/s aside t ( ! s\l4 ,! culture ( !   
idea ( love is f> 9 advance ( ! in/9cts 
( love4 ,& ?us our "t is brimful (      
love-conflicts4  ,to ?is mu/ be add$ t !
 increas$ s5sibility ( mod]n man has    
r5d]$ him m & m incl9$ to we> masks1    
protective disguises1 arti/ically       
decorat$ arm\r4 ,protection is          
indisp5sable1 s9ce no "o w\ld be able to
 endure life if he 7 h\rly see+ !       
ill-b\nd or /ill op5 w\nds ( o!rs1 or   
feel+ 8 own t\*$ by anyone4 ,exi/5ce    
w\ld lose mu* ( its excitem5t )\t       
secrets1 suspect$ or unsuspect$1 9 !    
de/9ies & s\ls ( m54 ,b at ! same "t ?is
 protection r5d]s love's /ruggle to     
p5etrate appe>ances m & m difficult4    

,!re=e a c]ta9 =m ( 8flirtation0 s]ves z
 ! attempt ( awak5+ love to te> (f !    
mask1 to outwit ! protective disguise1 a
 game ( f5ce :i* aims at ! jo9ts ( !    
tight-fitt+ arm\r4  ,b ! attempts are   
(t5 unsuccessful & life is m & m cr[d$ )
 de/9ies t h misc>ri$1 :ile m & m p wr+ 
_! h&s 9 solitude ov] :at might h be56  
,man feels m deeply ?an ev] be=e t life 
gave him a poor portion1 :5 8 love has  
be5 no?+ b s9k+ 9 an embrace4 ,an ev]   
great] numb] "k t love is absorption    
into t _s1 9 :i* "o's own f9ds its      
foo?old )\t los+ its fre$om2 ! ne>ness (
 t he>t :i* /ills ! disquiet 9 our own2 
t att5tive e> :i* cat*es :at is unspok5 
& unspeakable2 ! cle> sight ( ^? eyes   
:i* see ! realisation ( our be/         
possibilities2 ! t\* ( ^? h&s :i*1 dy+1 
we w\ld feel clos$ on our own4  ,:5 two 
s\ls h joys :i* ! s5ses %>e1 & :5 !     
s5ses h delights :i* ! s\ls ennoble1 !n 
! result is nei!r desire nor fri5d%ip4  
,bo? h be5 absorb$ 9 a new feel+1 n to  
be comp>$ ) ei!r tak5 by itself1 j z !  

air is incomp>able ) its compon5t       
elem5ts4 ,nitrog5 is n air1 nor is      
oxyg52 s5su\sness is n love1 nor is     
sympa?y4 ,9 comb9ation !y are ! air (   
life & love4 ,if ei!r ( ! compon5t      
elem5ts is 9 ! wrong proportion to !    
o!r1 !n love--l air--becomes too heavy  
or too r>efi$4 ,b z ! proportions betwe5
 oxyg5 & nitrog5 may )9 a wide limit v>y
 )\t disadvantage1 s also may !         
compon5ts ( love4 ,aff9ity ( s\l is     
d\btless ! mo/ endur+ elem5t 9 love1 b n
 !re=e ! only valuable "o2 ! love t     
fills life ) intoxication is sep>at$ f  
ev5 ! mo/ l(ty fri5d%ip by an ocean z   
deep z t :i* divides ! ,india ( leg5d f 
utilit>ian ,am]ica--a lifetime 9 :i* w n
 equal a s+le day 9 ! o!r6  ,great love 
arises only :5 desire ( a be+ ( ! o!r   
sex coalesces ) ! long+ = a s\l ( "o's  
own k9d4 ,x is l fire1 ! hott] x is1 !  
pur]2 & diff]s f ! ard\r ( desire z !   
:ite heat ( a smelt+-furnace diff]s f ! 
ruddy1 smok+ flames ( a tor* c>ri$ along
 ! /reets4   ,! con/antly increas$      

importance ( sympa?y 9 ! life ( ! s\l   
f9ds expression1 h[ev]1 at ! pres5t "t  
)9 ! fem99e _w 9 an ov]-e/imation (     
fri5d%ip1 bo? betwe5 "o woman & ano!r & 
9 relation to love4 ,a passionate wor%ip
 betwe5 p]sons ( ! same age--or ( an    
eld] by a y\ng] memb] ( ! same sex--is  
among wom5 z among m5 ! cu/om>y &       
beautiful morn+ gl[ ( love1 :i* always  
pales aft] sunrise4 ,an entirely        
p]sonal1 great fri5d%ip is1 on ! o!r h&1
 z r>e z a great love1 & equally r>e    
among wom5 z among m54 ,^? :o expect to 
f9d ! complem5t ( _! be+ 9 fri5d%ip h   
!re=e no great] prospect ( atta9+ !     
ess5tial 9 ?is sph]e1 & moreov] !y run !
 risk ( miss+ x 9 ! sph]e ( love1 ?r\gh 
%utt+ !mselves (f f or impov]i%+        
!mselves ( love's emotions4 ,! wom5 (   
old] times also cultivat$ fri5d%ip4 ,b  
!y did n cont5t !mselves ) x 9 ! place (
 love4 ,& if wom5 7 once s]i\sly to d   
?is1 !n w9t] w\ld h come ^u ! _w4 ,! way
 ( evolution is to dem& ( love all t    
fri5d%ip af=ds--& inf9itely m6 ,b ! ri* 

spiritual int]c\rse betwe5 female       
fell[-work]s & fell[-/ud5ts1 z also     
betwe5 comrades ( diff]5t sexes1 is n[  
prep>+ ! ?ird hi/orical /age (          
developm5t1 t ( individual sympa?y4 ,x  
is true t great love has be5            
individually sympa!tic 9 all ages4 ,:at 
is new is t an ev] great] numb] (       
spirits are guid$ by ! same ne$2 t !    
possibility ( great love has become     
app>5t to _m1 n only to a *os5 few4 ,j z
 we h be5 able to gauge ! revival ( love
 by ! dim9ution ( m>riages ( conv5i5ce1 
by ! recognition ( "y p's lib]ty (      
*oice1 & by ! popul> condemnation (     
m>riages = money1 s c we n[ measure !   
/r5g? ( ! new revival by o!r1 equally   
significant ph5om5a2 ^?1 namely1 call$  
8! new immorality40 ,x has be5 said )   
tru? t love z x n[ is--! great          
psy*ological reality ) :i* "o has to    
reckon--9 its pres5t complicat$1        
manifold1 & ref9$ condition1 is ! result
 ( all ! progress ( human activity3 ( ! 
victory ( intellig5ce & s5tim5t ov]     

crude =ce1 ( ! trans=mation 9 !         
relations betwe5 man & woman :i* new    
economic1 religi\s1 & e?ical ideas h    
br\ght ab\t2 ( ! gr[+ desire = inw>d &  
outw>d beauty1 ( ! w to ennoble ! race1 
& o!r causes4 ,b among ^! we h n nam$ ! 
mo/ important1 t 9 :i* _m n[ see a sign 
( deg5]ation1 b :i* is really "o (      
developm5t1 ! cause on :i* re/s ! hope (
 ! f9al abolition ( erotic dualism3 !   
conciliation ( ! excessive opposition ( 
sex4  ,s long z man & woman are s divid$
 9 _! erotic ne$s z is at pres5t (t5 !  
case1 love w be ! 8ev]la/+ conflict0    
describ$ by ^? poets & ?9k]s :o see only
 ! imm$iate pres5t1 )\t fai? 9 !        
developm5t ( love or mank9d's education 
9 lov+2 = 9 ! mid/ ( ! age (            
evolutionism m5 nei!r ?9k nor feel      
accord+ to its doctr9es4 ,to him1 h[ev]1
 :o does s feel1 no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t  
8! ev]la/+ conflict0 w "o day end 9 !   
conclusion ( peace4  ,! sceptics j      
ref]r$ to smile ambigu\sly at ! m5tion (
 fri5d%ip betwe5 wom51 z at t ( !       

ref9em5t & crav+ = sympa?y 9 woman's    
love4 ,x is n until a mi/ress or a wife1
 misund]/ood 9 ! dep?s ( h] be+1 leaves 
him1 t su* a man discov]s t ! be+ he    
believ$ himself to be mak+ entirely     
happy1 has n ev5 _h h] s5ses            
satisfi$--s9ce ! s\l receiv$ no?+ f !   
s5ses & gave !m no?+4  ,^? m5--= ! re/  
(t5 m5 ( f9e culture--( :om ?is is true1
 are g5]ally v]g+ on middle age4 ,among 
m5 comp>atively "y1 on ! o!r h&1 !      
erotic long+ is (t5 z ref9$ & craves z  
mu* = sympa?y1 z ) wom51 al?\gh x is    
/ill r>e = ! man to possess t balance   
betwe5 s\l & s5ses :i* 8 equal 9 ! o!r  
sex has atta9$4 ,t wom5 n[ v5ture to    
ackn[l$ge t !y possess erotic s5ses1    
:ile m5 are beg9n+ to discov] erotically
 t !y h s\ls2 t woman dem&s feel+s 9 a  
man & he ideas 9 h]--?is is ! great &   
happy sign ( ! times4 ,s5sitive "y m5 ( 
! pres5t day suff] p]haps z mu* z _!    
si/]s :5 lov$ only = _! sex1 n p]sonally
 & on acc\nt ( _! p]sonality4 ,!y = _!  
"p love j t womanly individuality = :i* 

!y provide fre$om ( movem5t1 in/ead (--z
 _! own fa!rs did--try+ to assimilate x 
to _! own4  ,on ! highe/ plane--z on !  
l[e/--! simil>ities betwe5 man's love & 
woman's are already great] ?an !        
dissimil>ities2 & !re may be m dang] to 
love 9 ! gr[+ lik5ess betwe5 ! sexes ?an
 9 cont9u$ unlik5ess4 ,man becomes a    
human be+--& woman likewise--at ! co/ ( 
8 second>y sexual *>act]s4 ,!re are     
already "s :o ?9k t ! close ( psy*ical  
developm5t w pres5t ! same ph5om5on z ! 
beg9n+ ( physical developm5t1 namely1 t 
! embryo at a c]ta9 /age is nei!r male  
nor female b includes bo? possibilities6
  ,! romantici/s1 ,f4 ,s*legel 9        
p>ticul>1 lay /ress ^u ! di/9ction t1   
:ile ! anci5ts put greatness ( he>t1    
nobility ( m9d1 & /r5g? ( s\l above !   
purely sexual qualities1 ! mod]ns h made
 woman "o-sid$ly fem99e & man "o-sid$ly 
mascul9e1 & ass]t t ?is extreme view on 
bo? sides mu/ be got rid ( 9 ord] to    
arrive at morality1 beauty1 & h>mony 9  
sexual relations2 a view :i* 0 also t ( 

,s*lei]ma*]4 ,& if we w see a deep]     
mean+ 9 ! tale ( ,ari/ophanes ( ! clov5 
human be+1 x w be ! same t an apocryphal
 tradition ascribes to ,jesus1 9 ! say+ 
t 8! k+dom ( ,god is at h& :5 ! two aga9
 become "o40 ,t ,plato already          
emphasises ! suff]+s impos$ on bo?      
halves ( ! be+ by ! 8cleavage10 is      
evid5ce ( ! comm5cem5t ( developm5t (   
love2 = ?is developm5t has progress$    
?r\gh ! increas+ opposition ( ! sexes1 )
 ! passion & ! pa9 x has caus$4 ,n[ at  
la/ ! mom5t has arriv$ :5 ! divid$      
sections aga9 conv]ge t[>ds a high]     
unity4  ,9 reality1 ?is desirable       
conciliation ( sexual opposition is     
proce$+ ) su* rapidity t !re might be a 
fe> ( its becom+ a dang] to love 9 a ne>
 future1 if ! psy*ical opposition ( sex 
7 n always dep5d5t f9ally on ! physical1
 & if ! mod]n man & woman 7 n becom+    
simultane\sly m & m individualis$4  ,& x
 is 9 ?is circum/ance t ! future        
possibilities ( great love lie4         
,individualisation is already s p[]ful t

 a ?\ghtful p]son is ev] m incl9$ to    
*eck himself :5 ! ab/ract expressions   
8man0 & 8woman0 escape 8 lips4 ,=       
already m5 & wom5 respectively diff]    
among !mselves almo/ z mu* z ! two sexes
 f ea* o!r4 ,& z a comp5sation = !      
enfeebl+ ?r\gh conciliation ( univ]sal  
erotic attraction1 we h ! *>m (         
individual contra/s4 ,love's spiritual  
long+--to be resolv$ toge!r ) ano!r s\l 
into a high] h>mony--w n be enfeebl$1 b1
 on ! contr>y1 w be enhanc$ 9 proportion
 z ?is contra/ is m p]sonal4  ,a4       
,rod9--:o l e great ,fr5*man und]/&s    
great love--has glorifi$ x 9 8 /atue ( a
 pair ( lov]s1 :o h ?r\gh ea* o!r become
 m p]fect be+s ?an ei!r c\ld h be5      
alone4 ,rod9 makes ! man ?or\ghly       
mascul9e1 ! woman ?or\ghly fem99e1 :ile 
ea* l9e 9 _! two figures %[s primitive  
=ce ennobl$ into spiritual p[]1 & love z
 ! consummation ( ! human man & ! human 
woman4  ,:5 life f "t to "t %[s u ?is   
pr\d & beautiful vision1 !n we are 9 !  
pres5ce ( a happ9ess :i* is ov]p[]+ly   

great4 ,= z an economical h\sewife %uts 
out ! sunlight1 s life (t5 lets fall !  
curta9 ( dea? :5 happ9ess %9es2 or inde$
 m5 kill _! own happ9ess ?r\gh in/9cts  
surviv+ f a l[] /age4  ,*ief ( ^! is t  
in/9ct :i* makes ! =ce ( primitive      
animality /ill erotically attractive ev5
 to ! spiritually s5sitive4 ,m5 & wom5 )
 ?is p[] ( elem5t>y passion1 intoxicate 
because !y are !mselves intoxicat$1     
because1 )\t be+ *eck$ by any           
consid]ation or held back by ! s\l1 !y  
give !mselves up :olly & hotly to !     
mom5t4 ,x is z sup]ficial a psy*ology to
 say t ,don ,juan's reputation makes him
 irresi/ible z t conque/ ( ,cleopatra is
 tempt+ because x is also conque/ ov]   
,cs>4 ,no1 ! p[] ( ^! natures lies 9 _! 
undivid$1 unscrupul\s w to use all !    
res\rces ( _! be+ to atta9 _! end4 ,&   
only t by :i* "o's :ole be+ is held at !
 mom5t has ! p[] ( hold+ o!rs4 ,?us ! "q
 is answ]$    ,comm5t fais-tu les gr&s  
am\rs1    ,petite ligne de la b\*e8     
,s\lful p1 especially wom51 h hi!rto    

only lov$ p>tially4 ,b :5 s5su\sness--9 
alliance ) ! mission ( ! race--rega9s   
its anci5t dignity1 !n ! p[] ( giv+     
erotic rapture w n be ! monopoly ( him  
:o is inhuman 9 8 love4 ,! wise virg9s' 
deadly s9 aga9/ love is t !y disda9$ to 
le>n ( ! fooli% ones ! secret (         
fasc9ation2 t !y w\ld "k none ( ! ?\s&  
?+s t b9d a man's s5ses or lay hold on 8
 s\l2 t !y reg>d$ ! p[] to please z     
equival5t to ! w to betray4 ,:5 all wom5
 :o c love are also able to make        
goodness fasc9at+ & complet5ess (       
p]sonality intoxicat+1 !n ,imog5 w      
conqu] ,cleopatra4  ,z yet ! *>m+ ones  
are n always good1 ! good n always *>m+1
 & ! majority nei!r good nor *>m+4 ,dur+
 ?is transition betwe5 an old & a new   
womanl9ess x is natural t %e %\ld be    
/ronge/ :o unites 9 h]self    ve1       
,joconde1 et ,delila4  ,f obs]vation (  
love's realisation 9 m>riage--z x is    
/ill realis$ 9 ! majority ( cases--"y   
wom5 h be5 m & m possess$ by a          
dis9cl9ation to w$4 ,!y wi% = ! love (  

_! dreams or none at all4 ,a l[] claim1 
a poor] gift ( love has = !m no value   
:i* c be comp>$ ) _! free p]sonal life4 
,to ! man :o only seeks h] lips b does n
 li/5 to ! words f !m1 :o longs = h]    
embrace b smiles or fr[ns :5 %e reveals 
! nature ( h] s\l1 su* a woman has no?+ 
to give4 ,h] love is n[ fill$ ) ! :ole  
n\ri%+ =ce ( h] human nature1 replete ) 
! :ole sap ( h] woman's nature1 & %e    
desires t ! sacram5t %e ?us disp5ses    
%all be receiv$ ) devotion4  ,%e w no   
long] be captur$ l a =tress or hunt$ l a
 qu>ry2 nor w %e l a placid lake await !
 /ream t seeks its way to h] embrace4 ,a
 /ream h]self1 %e w g h] own way to meet
 ! o!r /ream4   ,we live 9 a p]iod (    
spiritual re=mation ( imm5se importance 
9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,e human be+ :o      
himself has s\l is be+ m & m p5etrat$ by
 ! s5se ( ! my/]i\s effects ( elective  
aff9ities2 ( sympa!tic & antipa!tic     
influ5ces2 ( subconsci\s p[]s1 above all
 9 ! erotic sph]e4 ,s5sations ( !       
erotically dmonic are n new4 ,b !y 7    

=m]ly condemn$ to z great an ext5t z !y 
are n[ recognis$ & inde$ sometimes      
assi/$4 ,x is ?is exquisite s5sitiv5ess1
 ^! vibrat+ n]ves1 ^! *ang+ moods1 ?is  
irritability ( s5sation t ! woman--l !  
man--( ! pres5t day has acquir$ z h]    
sup]iority1 h] ga9 ?r\gh culture1 h] "r 
( prec$5ce be=e any o!r g5]ation4 ,b ?is
 new weal? involves innum]able new      
conflicts4 ,! s5ses g _! own way & are  
attract$ :]e ! s\l is e/rang$1 or       
repell$ al?\gh ! he>t is fill$ )        
t5d]ness4 ,until ! physiology &         
psy*ology ( loa?+ are und]/ood1 we %all 
n h gone f> t[>ds ! solution ( ! erotic 
problem4 ,e day--& night--^! innum]able 
influ5ces1 consci\s or unconsci\s1 are  
at "w trans=m+ ! feel+s ( m>ri$ p &     
lov]s4 ,& al?\gh our "t is becom+       
increas+ly consci\s ( ?is1 x does n yet 
und]/& ei!r h[ to c\nt]act ! dang]\s or 
enc\rage ! fav\rable influ5ce ( !       
important trifles ( m>ri$ life4  ,only !
 =emo/ ( wom5 ) a g5ius = love h arriv$ 
at t degree ( s5sitiv5ess :i* makes x   

impossible = !m to give or receive any?+
 9 love )\t ! feel+ :i* "o ( ,*>lotte   
,bront's wom5 expresses 9 ! words3 ,y   
fit me into ! f9e/ fibre ( my be+4  ,e  
develop$ mod]n woman wi%es to be lov$ n 
en mle b en arti/e4 ,only a man :om %e  
feels to possess an arti/'s joy 9 h]1 & 
:o %[s ?is joy 9 discreet & delicate    
contact ) h] s\l z ) h] body1 c reta9 ! 
love ( ! mod]n woman4 ,%e w belong only 
to a man :o longs = h] always1 ev5 :5 he
 holds h] 9 8 arms4 ,& :5 su* a woman   
exclaims3 8,y desire me1 b y _c c>ess1 y
 _c li/5 4440 !n t man is doom$4  ,mod]n
 woman's love diff]s f t ( old] times   
by1 among/ o!r ?+s1 ! insatiability (   
its dem& = complet5ess & p]fection 9    
itself1 & = correspond+ complet5ess &   
p]fection 9 ! feel+ ( ! man4  ,our s\l  
is d\btless (t5 deep]1 b occasionally   
also %all[]1 ?an our consci\s exi/5ce & 
w4 ,!re=e x may happ5 t ! new love 9 all
 its =ce exi/s 9 a woman :o is          
unconsci\s ( h] own erotic greatness1   
:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ano!r1 :o desires x )

 all h] w1 p]haps may lack ! dep? (     
feel+1 ! in/9ctive sur5ess ( *oice4  ,! 
wom5 ( ! pres5t day le>n ev]y?+ & arrive
 at mu*1 ev5 at ! f9e/ ideas ( love4 ,b1
 full ( insight z !y are into ! ars     
am&i1 h mod]n wom5 inde$ le>n$ h[ ) all 
_! s\l1 all _! /r5g?1 & all _! m9d to   
love8 ,_! mo!rs & gr&mo!rs--on a mu* l[]
 plane ( consci\s erotic idealism--knew 
( only "o object3 t ( mak+ _! husb&s    
happy4 ,?is !n meant t ! wife ought to  
submit to ev]y?+ & ask = no?+2 to s]ve  
h] husb&'s ends untir+ly1 ev5 :5 %e did 
n und]/& !m1 & to receive ) gratitude   
any crumbs ( 8 p]sonality t might fall  
to h] f ! table to :i* 8 fri5ds 7 bidd5 
to fea/4 ,b :at wat*ful t5d]ness1 :at   
dignifi$ desire to please1 :at fair     
gladness c\ld n ! f9e/ ( ^! spiritually 
ignor$ wom5 develop6  ,! new man lives 9
 a dream ( ! new woman1 & %e1 9 a dream 
( ! new man4 ,b :5 !y actually f9d "o   
ano!r x frequ5tly results t two highly  
develop$ bra9s toge!r analyse love1 or t
 two worn-out n]v\s sy/ems fight out a  

dis9tegrat+ battle ov] love4 ,! :ole ?+ 
usually ends 9 ea* ( !m seek+ peace ) "s
 surviv+ inc>nation ( ! old ,adam & !   
et]nal ,eve4 ,b n ) a cle> consci5ce2 = 
!y are cont9ually aw>e t !y 7 int5d$ = !
 new exp]i5ce1 al?\gh _! p[]s ( lov+ 7  
small :ile _! ideas ( love 7 great4  ,n 
until ! spr+ ra9 ( ! new ideas has fall5
 suffici5tly to p5etrate ! roots & rise 
z sap 9 ! tree ( life1 w a great]       
happ9ess gr[ f ! new love1 :i* is n to  
be blam$ because m5 h dream$ x great]   
?an !y !mselves are at pres5t4          
,individualism has made love deep] & at 
! same "t increas$ its difficulties4 ,x 
has call$ =? an enhanc$ consci\sness (  
our own nature1 our own moods2 x has    
creat$ new spiritual conditions &--z    
already po9t$ out--set 9 vibration      
innum]able =m]ly lat5t feel+s ( pleasure
 & av]sion4 ,b our p]sonal irritable    
s5sitiv5ess has n yet be5 develop$ to ! 
po9t ( a correspond+ delicacy ( feel+ = 
! equally s5sitive spiritual life (     
o!rs4 ,! capacity = giv+ & sacrific+ has

 n gr[n at an equal pace ) t ( accept+ &
 dem&+4 ,( love's d\ble he>t-beat--!    
f9d+ "o's self1 & ! =gett+ "o's self 9  
ano!r--! fir/ is n[ consid]ably m       
advanc$ ?an ! second4 ,n until ^? wom5  
:o are absorb$ 9 self-analysis comb9e _!
 own p]sonal /ore ( life's ri*es1 _!    
individual div]sity1 _! unique          
spirituality ) ! sunny1 heal?y peace1 ! 
self-sacrific+ devotion ( old] times1 w 
_! new developm5t r5d] !m m p[]ful ?an !
 wom5 :o prec$$ !m4 ,x is a heal?y sign 
t m5 & wom5 ex*ange exp]i5ces & ideas on
 ^! subjects ) a frankness t 0 nev] kn[n
 be=e2 t !y are mu* less affect$ be=e   
m>riage1 z wom5 inde$ h ceas$ to be s   
aft] m>riage4 ,!re 0 a h]oic k9d (      
affectation1 ( :i* ,mrs4 ,c>lyle 0 !    
typical example1 b 9 itself x 0 borr[$ f
 man's e?ical developm5t4 ,nev]!less "o 
w\ld (t5 wi% t ! "y wives ( ! pres5t day
 possess$ m ( ! old-fa%ion$ gift (      
conc$+ ! desires ( ! belov$ ) a happy   
smile1 in/ead ( insi/+ on _! own4 ,!    
mod]n woman w n feign any?+ = ! sake (  

occasional peace or und]/&+4 ,& %e is   
"r--:5 any?+ ( real importance 9 ! doma9
 ( ideas or w is at /ake2 %e is d\bly "r
 9 hold+ t all ! lies & ruses :i* m>ri$ 
8happ9ess0 en=c$ on ! wives ( an old] "t
 7 degrad+ to bo? p>ties2 t :at 0 ?us   
ga9$ 0 no real ga94 ,no?+ is m true ?an 
t ! s\ls :i* are p>t$ by a lack ( p]fect
 frankness nev] belong$ to "o ano!r2 t  
complete mutual confid5ce is ! true sign
 ( union4 ,no?+ c\ld be wis] ?an ! mod]n
 woman's desire to see life ) h] own    
eyes1 n--z 0 ! case ) ! wom5 :o w5t be=e
 h]--only ) ^? ( a husb&4 ,b has %e also
 reta9$ ! p[] ( see+ ev]y?+ ) ! ?\ght ( 
:at ! lov$ "o's eyes w f9d 9 x8   ,^u ! 
answ] to ^! que/ions ( consci5ce w dep5d
 ! success ( ! new woman 9 guid+ !      
developm5t ( love 9 ! direction ( h] w4 
,= only by h]self lov+ bett] w %e       
gradually humanise man's passion &      
lib]ate x f ! bl9d =ce ( ! blood1 :i*   
makes ( ! cap]cailzie's play or !       
rivalry ( /ags a spectacle beautiful 9  
its animality1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 r5d]s    

man's love be/ial4 ,^? :o ?9k t ! heal?y
 /r5g? ( nature w be !reby enfeebl$ are 
z fooli% z ^? :o try to prove t !       
arti/ic in/9ct 9 ! woodcock's note is   
heal?i] & /rong] ?an t :i* creat$       
,bee?ov5's symphonies4  ,b x is n       
suffici5t t woman %\ld take ! lead &    
appo9t ! goal4 ,%e mu/ h]self be        
develop$ = ! task1 & t n only 9 !       
direction j m5tion$4 ,h] s\l is z yet no
 sure guide to h] s5ses1 nor h] s5ses to
 h] s\l4 ,s mu* ! less c %e !n be a     
guide to man's s\l or s5ses1 :i* moreov]
 %e frequ5tly fails to und]/& & !re=e   
unhesitat+ly condemns--= ! s9s to :i* %e
 h]self has n unfrequ5tly s$uc$ him6  ,!
 new woman dem&s purity ( man4 ,b has %e
 any suspicion z to h[ h] treatm5t1 on !
 "o h&1 ( ! awkw>d & unc]ta9 y\?1 on !  
o!r1 ( ! exp]i5c$ & confid5t            
8lady-kill]0 type1 acts ^u ! =m]1 :o is 
p]haps /riv+ aft] erotic purity 9 ! hope
 ( be+ rew>d$ by ! happy smile ( a      
woman1 b :o sees t woman treat him )    
haughty commis]ation :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 

%e reg>ds ! leop>d's spots ( 8 rival )  
admiration8 ,"o may ask :e!r all "y wom5
 :o n[ express _! dete/ation ( !        
impurity 9 man's sexual habits are      
!mselves guid$ only by a s(t & noble joy
 9 giv+ pleasure4 ,d !y nev] p]mit      
!mselves ! mo/ despicable ( hypocrisies1
 t ( love8  ,s long z 8pure0 wom5 take  
pleasure 9 ! cruel sport ( ! cat2 s long
 z ) ! facile *anges ( mood ( ! s]p5t9e 
danc] !y evade ! responsibilities ( _!  
flirtations2 s long z !y delight 9      
provok+ jeal\sy z a homage to !mselves1 
s long w !y be help+ to brew ! hell-bro?
 ar\nd :i* m5 w celebrate ! wit*es'     
sabba? 9 ! company ( ! bat-w+$ bevies ( 
! night4  ,!re are m m5 l$ a/ray by     
8pure0 ?an by 8impure0 wom54  ,& n ev5  
^? wom5 :o are pure 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w
 are free f blame 9 ?is4 ,woman--= :om  
love is a life-&-dea? matt] 9 a mu*     
deep] s5se ?an = man--exp]i5ces on !    
approa* ( love ^? trembl+s t foll[ a    
sunrise = :i* "o has la9 awake & wait$4 
,h] physico-psy*ical timidity takes on  

by turns ! expressions1 incompreh5sible 
to ! man :o loves1 ( dumb avoidance1 (  
abrupt *ange1 ( empty girli% giggl+1 (  
sull5 misund]/&+4 ,& all t is           
contradictory--n t :i* is my/]i\s--9    
woman /irs ! unre/ 9 a man's blood4   ,!
 mod]n woman's great di/ress has be5 !  
discov]y ( ! dissimil>ity betwe5 h] own 
erotic nature & t ( man2 or r1 %e has   
refus$ & /ill refuses to make ?is       
discov]y & ?9ks t only ! cu/om (        
society--) its :olesome sev]ity t[>ds   
h]1 its reckless l5i5cy t[>ds him--has  
br\ght ab\t ! diff]5ce :i* exi/s & :i*  
%e w\ld aboli%4 ,b :ile "o gr\p proposes
 to d s by dem&+ fem99e *a/ity ( ! man1 
! o!r w\ld claim mascul9e fre$om = !    
woman4  ,! book _w is n[ full ( works on
 purity1 writt5 by m5 z well z wom51 (  
lit]>y tone & o!rwise4 ,n[ x is ! /ory (
 a woman :o breaks ) ! man %e loves :5  
he confesses 8 pa/2 n[ t ( a woman :o   
=ces h] lov] to m>ry ano!r because !    
latt] has borne him a *ild2 & s on to   
inf9ity4 ,f9ally !re is "o :o takes h]  

life f grief ov] h] husb&'s pa/1 :i* %e 
?9ks w ru9 _! future4 ,lit]ature is !   
roll ( ! drum :i* ann\nces ! approa* ( !
 troop--t army ( /rong wom5 :o are to   
educate m5 to *a/ity by d5y+ !m _! love4
  ,b w x really be ! ,amazons :o w play 
! lead+ "p 9 ! /ruggle aga9/ man's      
erotic dualism8 ,w n p]haps wisdom be   
f\nd also 9 ?is case 9 ! hope ( be+ able
 to conqu] ! evil ) ! good1 n ! evil ) !
 worse1 by all[+ a man awak5$ by love to
 ! desire ( unity to turn aga9 to       
disunion8  ,w\ld n woman accompli% m 9 !
 r5ovation ( morals if %e /ay$ ) ! man  
%e loves1 s z ) h] :ole be+ to let him  
le>n h[ a woman c suff] & be made happy 
?r\gh a man8 ,! means ( salvation = m5  
suff]+ "u erotic dualism may well be an 
increase ( t5d]ly *a/e1 delicately      
feel+1 & k9dly wise wives4 ,ev5 su* a   
"m1 si/]1 or fri5d is a /r5g? to a man4 
,b only ! wife :o rema9s a mi/ress c be 
sure ( victory4  ,x is true t %e _c     
efface h] husb&'s pa/4 ,b %e c create   
toge!r ) him a new & /rong] g5]ation4 ,!

 man :o kn[s :at 8 belov$ has suff]$    
?r\gh 8 pa/2 :o has se5 ! w+s ( h]      
c\rage lose some?+ ( _! p[]1 h]         
confid5ce some?+ ( its smile1 h] joy    
some?+ ( its playfulness--he w 9 "t tea*
 8 sons t a man may c]ta9ly become once 
m /rong & heal?y ?r\gh happ9ess 9 love1 
b t he _c w9 s beautiful & sure a       
happ9ess z self-control c prep>e2 su*   
que5ly pride z 8 victory might h giv5 ! 
lov$ "o1 he w nev] see 9 h]4 ,b if woman
 is to help man's /ruggle = purity1 %e  
mu/ = h] %>e take ano!r view ( :at has  
be5 degrad+ to man's nature & :at has n4
  ,a woman :o m>ries a wid[] has to g   
?r\gh a pa9 :i* w be deep 9 proportion z
 h] love is p]sonal4 ,%e w !n wi% to be 
n only h] husb&'s la/1 b also 8 fir/    
love2 %e suff]s f all ! memories !y h n 
9 common4 ,%e w\ld fa9 h sat by 8 cradle
 & receiv$ 8 fir/ smile2 %e longs to h  
play$ ) him z a si/]1 to h %>$ z a fri5d
 8 tr\bles & 8 joys4 ,%e envies all :o h
 be5 able to see him at ^? /ages ( 8    
life & 9 ^? spiritual conditions t %e   

has n se54 ,above all %e envies ! woman 
:o fir/ saw him made happy by ! love %e 
gave him4  ,b all ^! suff]+s d n br+ h] 
to reg>d ! belov$ z morally sunk51      
because be=e h] he has be5 ! husb& (    
ano!r woman4 ,& ! same mu/ hold good (  
e>li] relations ( love4 ,! man may h    
develop$1 ?r\gh a =m] m>riage or free   
connection1 8 p[]s ( giv+ a p]sonal     
love1 or he may1 9 ! same way1 h lo/ !m4
 ,if no bas5ess is connect$ ) ^! e>li]  
exp]i5ces1 if he has n degrad$ himself  
to volunt>y division ( 8 erotic         
nature--& b\ght love is always su* a    
degradation--or to contemptible         
duplicity2 if he has n treat$ any woman 
z a means1 b receiv$ & giv5 p]sonality1 
!n he does n ent] 8impure0 into 8       
m>riage1 ev5 if he has n evid5ce (      
ab/95ce4  ,at pres5t x is un=tunately   
(t5 ! case t m5 ent] into m>riage ) deep
 /a9s f e>li] connections1 & x is ?is   
circum/ance t gives ! dem& = purity its 
g5]al applicability4  ,dur+ ea* new     
phase ( ! developm5t ( love wom51       

probably e>li] & c]ta9ly m consci\sly   
?an m51 h connect$ ! dem& = unity ) !   
idea ( love4 ,! s5se ( unity is q ano!r 
& a f> lat] ph5om5on ?an monogamy4 ,!   
en=c$ fidelity 9 monogamy1 ! volunt>y   
fidelity 9 love1 gave rise 9 woman fir/ 
to control ( desire1 !n to ! weak5+ (   
desire ?r\gh control4 ,?us by degrees   
erotic unity became ) _m wom5 an organic
 condition1 or1 z is significantly said1
 a physical necessity4 ,n ) all1 n ev5 )
 ! majority1 b /ill suffici5tly         
frequ5tly to enable u to call ! unity ( 
s\l & s5ses 9 love--z also a lifelong   
fidelity 9 a s+le love--! provision (   
nature = innum]able wom51 :ile ) m5 bo? 
are /ill exceptions s r>ely to be met ) 
t !y are (t5 call$ unnatural4 ,b he :o  
concludes f ?is t "o has only to dem& ! 
same ( m5 = ! effect to be ! same1 is   
attribut+ ! same effect to two diff]5t  
causes4 ,= ! erotic conditions ( man &  
woman are & w rema9 diff]5t causes4 ,!  
purity :i* a man is capable ( atta9+ mu/
 always1 !re=e1 to a c]ta9 degree be    

diff]5t f a woman's1 b n on t acc\nt (  
less wor?4 ,he w c]ta9ly rema9 m        
polygam\s ?an %e1 b ?is does n involve a
 division ( himself 9 ! satisfaction ( 8
 erotic ne$s4 ,love possesses1 nay1     
besets1 dom9ates1 & det]m9es woman's    
:ole be+ 9 an entirely diff]5t way f    
man's4 ,he is m /rongly possess$ at     
rapidly pass+ mom5ts1 by ! erotic       
emotion1 b at ! same "t he lib]ates     
himself m quickly & completely4 ,on !   
o!r h&1 9 ! degree 9 :i* a woman is     
womanly1 is %e completely det]m9$ by    
love4 ,?is gives a unity1 complet5ess1 &
 equilibrium to h] s5su\sness :i* man   
lacks4 ,:5 he is w>m1 he (t5 believes   
woman is cool2 :5 he sees h] w>m1 he    
?9ks t %e is s 9 ! same way z himself4  
,wom5 are und\bt$ly to be f\nd1 %ift+1 l
 m51 betwe5 sudd5 ard\r & abrupt *ill1 &
 ^! wom5 are ev] ! mo/ excit+           
erotically4 ,) ! majority ( wom51 h[ev]1
 love is1 = ! reasons already giv51 a   
con/ant w>m?1 a nev]-qu5*$ f]v\r4 ,b ?is
 makes ! woman suff] ?r\gh ! man1 :o 9 !

 int]vals ( 8 passion is s mu* m        
tranquil ?an %e1 s little capable ( h]  
unremitt+ t5d]ness4 ,!re=e %e seldom    
f9ds h]self occupy+ 8 ?\ghts & feel+s s 
completely z he occupies h]s4  ,a woman 
has aptly said t 8x is precisely woman's
 great] s5su\sness t makes h] less      
s5su\s ?an man3 on acc\nt ( mo!rhood--& 
all t x implies--%e is s5su\s1 s to     
speak1 f head to foot & *ronically1 :ile
 man is s only acutely & locally40 ,if  
"o transf]s "o's ?\ghts f erotics to    
mo!rhood1 ! tru? ( ?is w at once be     
cle>3 ! feel+ ( mo!rhood is ! mo/       
?or\ghly s5su\s & !re=e ! mo/ ?or\ghly  
s\lful ( emotions2 ! same transport ( ! 
s5ses 9 :i* ! "m exclaims t %e c\ld     
8eat0 h] *ild1 expresses itself 9 !     
affection :i* w\ld prompt h] to die = x4
 ,b ! au?or j quot$ goes on to consid] t
 ev5 ) m5 ! erotic emotions c\ld be     
transpos$ or releas$ 9 _m ways besides !
 "o :i* to mo/ ( !m /ill repres5ts !    
:ole expression ( 8love40 ,:at ,r\sseau 
reveal$ to 8 unbeliev+ contempor>ies w  

p]haps "o day become true 9 a           
psy*o-physical s5se3 t a look may fill a
 lov] ) voluptu\sness2 t ! great        
emotions are ! *ief conditions ( love's 
happ9ess2 t ! lighte/ t\* ( ! lov$ "o's 
h& gives great] bliss ?an ! possession (
 ! mo/ beautiful wom5 )\t love--feel+s  
:i* all great lov]s 9 all times h       
confirm$1 & z to :i* ev5 ! mo/ contr>y  
natures give ! same te/imony4 ,!        
peasant's love1 :i* kn[s no?+ ( c>esses1
 comes l[] 9 ! scale ( happ9ess ?an t ( 
! cultivat$ p]son1 :o f9ds 9 love all ! 
ref9$ delights ( ! s5ses2 & ?is aga9 is 
f> bel[ ! happ9ess ( ^? :o ev5 9 !      
enc\nt] ( two ideas or two moods c      
exp]i5ce all ! transport ( love4  ,!    
conviction t s5su\sness c only be       
controll$ ?r\gh be+ spiritualis$ is :at 
directs ^? wom5 :o are n[ hop+ to conv]t
 m51 n to ! duty ( monogamy1 b to ! joy 
( unity4  ,be=e woman's w c\ld ?us      
become consci\s1 h] long /ruggle =      
lib]ation _h to take place4 ,m>riage _h 
to cease to be a trade among ! upp]     

classes1 z pro/itution /ill is among !  
hungry l[] classes4 ,love mu/ h become  
free at lea/ 9 ! s5se t a woman _h no   
*oice b *>ity f h] family or =c$ sale to
 h] husb&2 h] p]sonality mu/ h atta9$   
consid]ation1 n only = h] value z a     
woman & dignity z a human be+1 b also   
individually4 ,n until--by h] own lab\r 
& activity--%e no long] exclusively     
dep5d$ on a man's c\rt%ip = bo? h]      
livelihood & h] life's de/9y1 did       
woman's salvation come to be1 n 8t ! man
 wills0 7,nietzs*e71 b t %e h]self c    
ex]cise h] w4 ,language already reflects
 ! *ange ( cu/om4 ,we seldom he> x ask$ 
n[adays ( a woman3 ,:y has %e n m>ri$8 b
 x is all ! m frequ5tly enquir$3 ,:at   
has h] love-/ory be51 s9ce %e has nev]  
m>ri$8  ,"h also ! l9e ( developm5t is a
 zigzag4 ,wom5 sometimes act z ?\gh _!  
:ole lib]ation 0 ( no avail4 ,b 9 spite 
( mu* t is contradictory1 ! evolution ( 
love--above all ?r\gh ! new woman's     
claims ( love--is to him :o /&s high    
en\gh to h a full view ( ! situation1 ! 

mo/ c]ta9 ( realities4  ,evid5ce ( ?is  
evolution c be f\nd 9 life z well z 9   
lit]ature1 :]e x n[ takes e k9d ( =m1 f 
exp]i5ces translat$ into g5u9e poetry   
d[n to ! productions :i* tempt "o to ?9k
 t ^! p h only lov$ to get 8copy0 = a   
book4 ,! fem99e fiction ( ! pres5t day  
rem9ds "o ( a relief on a sacrificial   
alt> 9 ! ,roman ,=um1 :]e ! ox1 ! %eep1 
& ! pig proce$ 9 file to meet ! knife4  
,hecatombs ( ^! animals--9 ! lik5ess (  
husb&s or lov]s--are n[ sacrific$ to    
,eros by ! new woman4 ,x may n be v long
 be=e ! v[ ( fidelity is ex*ang$ = an   
oa? ( sil5ce & ! m>riage contract       
conta9s a provision t 9 case ( a rupture
 love-lett]s are n to be us$ z          
lit]ature4  ,no d\bt x w ev] rema9 true 
t a liv+ book on love is nev] writt5 )  
o!r ink ?an blood4 ,b su* books are n ^?
 :i* resemble a trial 9 :i* !           
prosecutor1 witness1 judge1 & execution]
 are unit$ 9 "o p]son4  ,b :e!r p[]ful  
or weak1 discreet or audaci\s1 noble or 
ignoble--! new woman's books are always 

in/ructive to ^? :o seek to foll[ !     
c\rse ( love's evolution4   ,! great    
dang] to ?is evolution is t wom5 nev]   
take suffici5t acc\nt ( s5su\sness1 nor 
m5 ( spirituality4 ,& x is especially   
woman :o n[ "o-sid$ly applies h] own    
erotic nature--) its w>m p5etration1 its
 complet5ess t frees x f temptation--z !
 e?ical & erotic /&>d = t ( man ) its   
sudd5 heat1 its dang]\s incomplet5ess4  
,x is )\t d\bt a fem99e exagg]ation to  
say t a 8pure0 woman only feels ! =ce ( 
h] sex's ne$ :5 %e loves4 ,b ! enorm\s  
diff]5ce betwe5 h] & man is t %e _c obey
 ?is ne$ )\t lov+4 ,x is d\btless true t
 besides h] love a woman may h a call+ 9
 life4 ,b ! pr(\nd di/9ction betwe5 h] &
 man is at pres5t ?is3 t he m (t5 gives 
( 8 be/ z a creator ?an z a lov]--:ile =
 h] ! rev]se is ne>ly always ! case4 ,& 
:ile ?us man is apprais$ by himself &   
o!rs accord+ to 8 "w1 woman 9 h] he>t   
values h]self--& wi%es to be            
valu$--accord+ to h] love4 ,n until ?is 
is fully appreciat$ & work+ = happ9ess  

does %e feel h] own wor?4 ,x is no d\bt 
true t woman also wi%es to be made happy
 by man ?r\gh h] s5ses4 ,b :ile ?is     
long+ 9 h] n unfrequ5tly awakes long    
aft] %e already loves a man s t %e c\ld 
give h] life = him1 ) man ! desire to   
possess a woman (t5 awakes be=e he ev5  
loves h] en\gh to give 8 little f+] =   
h]4 ,t ) wom5 love usually proce$s f !  
s\l to ! s5ses & sometimes does n rea* s
 f>2 t ) man x usually proce$s f ! s5ses
 to ! s\l & sometimes nev] completes !  
j\rney--?is is = bo? ! mo/ pa9ful ( !   
exi/+ di/9ctions betwe5 man & woman4 ,x 
is q c]ta9 t bo? man & woman are humbl$ 
by _! great love1 & t ! k ( hav+ awak5$ 
reciprocal love turns ev5 ! free?9k]    
into a believ] 9 miracles4 ,b man (t5   
conceals 8 humility beh9d a security :i*
 w\nds ! woman2 %e1 on ! o!r h&1 hides  
h]s 9 an unc]ta9ty :i* w\nds ! man4 ,& f
 ?is diff]5ce ( in/9ct arises a new k9d 
( complication1 :5 man also has begun to
 desire an unspok5 und]/&+ on ! "p (    
woman2 :5 he becomes conv9c$ ( h] love  

only :5 %e has guess$ ?is & lov$ 8      
retic5ce itself4 ,b aga9/ ?is consci\s &
 ref9$ w ( ! mod]n man /&s 8 h]$it>y    
in/9ct ( a conqu]or4 ,& no woman is m   
sure ( all ! old] z well z all ! new]   
suff]+s ( love ?an %e :o really acts    
accord+ to ! words ( h] lov]3 t he w    
accept love only f a woman :o h]self has
 ! c\rage to decl>e x to him4 ,=1 on !  
o!r side1 ! primitive desire ( be+      
captur$ survives 9 woman4 ,& !re=e also 
h] /ronge/ in/9cts come into conflict ) 
h] newly acquir$ c\rage 9 action4  ,=   
all ^! reasons x is difficult = a p]son 
( ! pres5t day to believe himself lov$  
or to "k t he is lov$4  ,& x is ?is :i* 
w pres]ve to love its excitem5t1 ev5 :5 
! animal habits--) pursuit on "o side & 
flight on ! o!r--h gradually ceas$4     
,conflict & ! intoxication ( victory w  
always =m a "p ( ! vital /imulation &   
pleasurable emotion ( love1--b !y w be  
remov$ to a high] plane4 ,man's =w>d ru%
 to w9 a woman :o p]haps w\ld n o!rwise 
h rem>k$ him2 woman's turn+ aside to egg

 ! man on1 or else to def5d 9 "s measure
 ! indep5d5t decision ( h] feel+s1 w be 
trans=m$ by ! desire ( ea* to wait until
 ! o!r has *os54 ,! erotic t5sion w !n  
be releas$ 9 ! conte/ = ! mo/ ref9$     
expressions ( sympa?y1 ! mo/ conv9c+    
assurances ( compreh5sion1 ! mo/ rapidly
 vibrat+ s5sitiv5ess to ! o!r's moods1 !
 fulle/ communication ( confid5ce4      
,victory w mean a con/antly deep]       
p5etration into ! o!r's nature1 an ev]  
ri*] fulness & joy 9 ! communication (  
"o's own2 a con/antly gr[+ fai? z reg>ds
 :at is my/]i\s1 & a l gratitude = :at  
is reveal$4 ,! /imulation w be r5ew$    
daily 9 moods ! transitions ( :i* are z 
imp]ceptible z ^? ( ! ev5+ sky f ! r$de/
 gold to ! pure/ :ite2 9 ! bord] l9es ( 
sympa?y & antipa?y1 n[ f9e z a /raw1 n[ 
broad z a riv]4 ,x w be r5ew$ ?r\gh !   
te/ ( innum]able unit+ & repell5t       
emotions1 z rapidly & irrevocably       
decisive z ! fall ( a /> 9 space1 or ( a
 silv] piece 9 ! riv]4  ,& ?is t5sion ( 
m>ri$ life w n be relax$ z n[ by !      

puff$-up arrogance ( proprietor%ip on ! 
"p ( ! man or by dull complaisance on t 
( ! woman4 ,s9ce all s5se ( happ9ess is 
connect$ ) ! ex]tion ( =ce to atta9 an  
end & ) ! equilibrium t results f its   
atta9m5t1 x has be5 ! mis=tune ( love t 
c\rt%ip has absorb$ all ! t5sion1 &     
m>ri$ life ! subsequ5t equilibrium4     
,only ! s5se ( imp5d+ loss--?r\gh life  
or ?r\gh dea?--has1 z a rule1 evok$ a   
new spiritual t5sion4 ,?is1 = reasons   
m5tion$ above1 has especially conc]n$ ! 
husb&4 ,wives h (t5 suff]$ long f !     
self-satisfi$ com=t ( ! daily life (    
m>riage be=e !y h resign$ ! peace (     
consummation1 ! equilibrium )\t movem5t1
 :i* 0 _! dream ( happ9ess4  ,b n[ wom5 
w no long] resign1 nor all[ !mselves to 
be *eat$ ( life4 ,m & m _! dem& = a new 
love becomes "o ) ! dem& = a new        
m>riage1 ! *ief value ( :i* w n1 z n[1  
consi/ 9 8security & calm40  ,woman     
kn[s--& man /ill m--t x is 9 p]iods (   
calm1 :5 all vital /imulation is want+1 
t ! temptation comes to seek x 9 new    

relations4 ,b at ! same "t !y are beg9n+
 to see t :5 "o & ! same feel+ af=ds an 
unceas+ excitem5t--?r\gh ! desire (     
con/antly atta9+ high] conditions ( t   
feel+--!n su* temptation becomes (      
necessity less & less dang]\s1 simply   
because ! human s\l c only ) great      
difficulty transf] ! spiritual weal? x  
has accumulat$ 9 "o place4 ,love 9 its  
imp]sonal =m is movable capital1 easily 
realis$4 ,9 its p]sonal =m1 on ! o!r h&1
 x is fix$ prop]ty1 :i* increases 9     
value ! m "o s9ks 9 x1 & :i*1 ow+ to its
 v nature1 is difficult to disp]se4     
,:5ev] a woman has captivat$ a man ) a  
lifelong fasc9ation1 ! secret has be5 t 
he has nev] exhau/$ h]2 t %e 8has n be5 
"o1 b a ?\s&0 7,g4 ,heib]g72 n a m or   
less beautiful v>iation on ! et]nal !me 
( ! female sex1 b a music 9 :i* he has  
f\nd ! weal? ( inexhau/ibility1 !       
enticem5t ( imp5etrability1 :ile %e has 
giv5 him an incomp>able happ9ess ( !    
s5ses4 ,! m ! mod]n woman acquires      
c\rage = a love z ri* 9 ! s5ses z 9 !   

s\l1 ! m complicat$ & self-inclos$ h]   
p]sonality becomes1 ! m w %e obta9 t p[]
 :i* is n[ only ! =tunate advantage ( ! 
exceptional4  ,man tells woman t h] new 
way ( love is oppos$ n only to man's    
nature b to ! welf>e ( ! new g5]ation4  
,%e answ]s t great love d\btless betrays
 a *ildi% lack ( und]/&+ 9 all dep>tm5ts
 ( worldly wisdom1 b t 9 its own        
sph]e--) all its riddles & problems--x  
is godlike wisdom1 ! gift ( div9+1 ! p[]
 ( work+ miracles2 t ! only ?+ ne$ful 9 
ord] t love may re-create ! race is t x 
%all become an ev5 great] vital =ce1    
?r\gh mank9d inve/+ x ) m & m ( its     
spiritual p[]4   ,ev5 at ! pres5t day   
c\ples are to be f\nd :o are inspir$ by 
great love4 ,!y %[ an insatiable desire 
= all ! ri*es ( life1 s z to h ! means (
 be+ regally lavi% t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,nei!r
 defrauds ! o!r ( s mu* z a dewdrop4 ,! 
f]v\r !y give "o ano!r1 ! fre$om !y     
possess ?r\gh "o ano!r1 make ! space t  
surr\nds !m w>m & ample4 ,love is       
con/antly giv+ !m new impulses1 new p[]s

 & new employm5t = _! p[]s1 :e!r ^! are 
direct$ inw>ds to home life or outw>ds  
to t ( society4 ,& ?us ! happ9ess1 :i* =
 !mselves is ! s\rce ( life1 becomes    
also a tribut>y /ream by :i* ! happ9ess 
( all is rais$4 ,! p[] ( great love to  
enhance a p]son's value = mank9d c only 
be comp>$ ) ! gl[ ( religi\s fai? or !  
creative joy ( g5ius1 b surpasses bo? 9 
univ]sal life-enhanc+ prop]ties4 ,sorr[ 
may sometimes make a p]son m t5d] t[>ds 
! suff]+s ( o!rs1 m actively b5evol5t   
?an happ9ess ) its conc5tration ^u self4
 ,b sorr[ nev] l$ ! s\l to ^? heights & 
dep?s1 to ^? inspirations & revelations 
( univ]sal life1 to t kneel+ gratitude  
be=e ! my/]y ( life1 to :i* ! piety (   
great love leads x4  ,l fai?1 ?is piety 
sanctifies all ?+s4 ,x gives            
significance to att5tion be/[$ on "o's  
self1 s9ce    444 ,if ,i am de> to "s "o
 else    ,!n mu/ ,i be to myself m de>4 
,x comb9es ! mo/ trifl+ ?+s ( life into 
an intellig5t :ole4 ,he :o is lov$ &    
loves 9 ?is way be>s ! same /amp z !    

,*ri/ian my/ic1 :o gr[s ev] cle>] & yet 
m ri* 9 my/]y2 ev] full] ( life & yet   
calm]2 ev] m introspective & yet m      
radiant4  ,!re are "s :o ?9k t ?is /ate 
is vision>y & unnatural4  ,b ! tru?--=  
ev]yone :o has beheld x--is t le vrai   
am\r e/ simple comme un bas relief      
antique4 ,su* a relief1 :i* be=e all    
o!rs corresponds to ! image1 is to be   
f\nd 9 ! ,naples museum4 ,x %[s a man & 
a woman1 /&+ /ill on ei!r side ( a tree4
 ,an arti/ ( antiquity may h already    
=ese5 all ! significance t a son ( our  
"t int]pret$1 :5 he plac$ a y\? & a     
maid5 b5ea? ! tree ( life ) a clov5     
apple 9 _! h&s3 !y divid$ ! apple ( life
 & ate x toge!r4444  ,= a c\ple :o %>e x
 ?us1 ev]yday life w sc9tillate ) little
 delights z a :eat-field at midsumm] )  
cornfl[]s2 & ! high days w be :ite ) joy
 z a spr+ g>d5 ) fruit blossoms4 ,a     
c\ple :o live ?us w be able to play s t 
beyond _! sport w always be ! calm (    
t5d]ness2 to smile s t beh9d _! smiles w
 always lie an easily-ar\s$ s]i\sness4  

,unless dea? int]rupts !m !y w ?us build
 up _! life toge!r z ! ,go?ic ca!drals 7
 built3 buttress ^u buttress1 ar* above 
ar*1 ornam5t )9 ornam5t1 until f9ally ! 
gild+ ( ! topmo/ spire cat*es ! la/ rays
 ( ! sunset4   ,?us great love already  
gives to two human be+s :at only        
complet$ developm5t c give to mank9d z a
 :ole3 unity betwe5 s5ses & s\l1 desire 
& duty1 self-ass]tion & self-devotion1  
betwe5 ! individual & ! race1 ! pres5t  
mom5t & ! future4  ,?is condition--9 :i*
 e advantage ga9$ becomes a gift & e    
gift a pr(it2 9 :i* are unit$ a cont9ual
 emotion & a calm peace--is ev5 n[ t :i*
 dream]s await z t ( ! ?ird k+dom4#b    
,,*apt] ,,iii  ,,love',s ,,fre$om   ,!  
mo/ delicate te/ ( a p]son's s5se (     
morality is 8 p[] ( int]pret+ ambigu\s  
signs ( ! times 9 ! e?ical sph]e2 = only
 ! pr(\ndly moral c discov] ! divid+    
l9e1 %>p z ! edge ( a sword1 betwe5 new 
morality & old immorality4  ,9 our "t   
e?ical obtus5ess betrays itself fir/ &  
=emo/ by ! condemnation ( ^? "y c\ples  

:o freely unite _! de/9ies4 ,! majority 
does n p]ceive ! advance 9 morality :i* 
?is implies 9 comp>ison ) ! code ( s _m 
m51 :o )\t responsibility--& )\t app>5t 
risk--pur*ase ! repose ( _! s5ses4  ,^? 
"y m5 :o *oose 8free love0 "k t b\ght   
love may de/roy _! f9e/ in/rum5ts (     
m5tal activity2 t x may result 9 injury 
to ! wife z well z 9 ! dang] ei!r (     
deg5]acy on ! "p ( ! *ildr51 or (       
*ildi%ness1 & may f9ally br+ ab\t _! own
 premature d[nfall4  ,b !y also "k t ^! 
results may n occur & t1 on ! o!r h&1 !y
 may suff] spiritually by curb+ _!      
p]sonality & ru9+ _! possibilities (    
s+le-he>t$ love4 ,at ! same "t !y       
despise _! fa!rs' less dang]\s1 b = t   
reason m unpr9cipl$1 exp$i5t = sexual   
satisfaction1 ! s$uction ( wom5 ( ! p1  
wom5 ) :om !y nev] _h any ?\ght (       
community ( life4  8,free love10 on !   
o!r h&1 gives !m an enhancem5t ( life   
:i* !y consid] t !y ga9 )\t injur+      
anyone4 ,x answ]s to _! idea ( love's   
*a/ity1 an idea :i* is ju/ly (f5d$ by ! 

incomplet5ess ( ! p]iod ( engagem5t )   
all its losses 9 ! fre%ness & frankness 
( emotion4 ,:5 _! s\l has f\nd ano!r    
s\l1 :5 ! s5ses ( bo? h met 9 a common  
long+1 !n !y consid] t !y h a "r to !   
full unity ( love1 al?\gh compell$ to   
secrecy1 s9ce ! conditions ( society    
r5d] e>ly m>riage impossible4 ,!y are   
?us fre$ f a wa/eful /ruggle1 :i* w\ld  
nei!r give !m peace nor inn] purity &   
:i* w\ld be d\bly h>d = !m1 s9ce !y h   
atta9$ ! end--love--= ! sake ( :i*      
self-control w\ld h be5 impos$4   ,:5 9 
?is connection we speak ( y\?1 we c mean
 only ! "y m5 & girls ( ! upp] classes4 
,= among ! re/ ( society ! free union ( 
love has long be5 ! cu/om4 ,our work+   
classes--z ^? ( _m ,european            
c\ntries--simply use ! same fre$om :i* !
 cu/om ( society all[s to _m            
extra-,european peoples4 ,e?nographical 
rese>* %[s t ?is is no new degrad$      
habit1 b1 on ! contr>y1 a relic (       
primitive cu/oms4 ,among c]ta9          
extra-,european peoples--= example1 "o 9

 nor? ,burmah--?is cu/om 0 accompani$ by
 def9ite gu>antees = ! possible *ildr54 
,"y p may )\t h9drance unite freely1 &  
sep>ate if !y d n f9d _! feel+ deep     
en\gh = cont9u$ life toge!r4 ,9 !       
contr>y case1 !y m>ry1 & aft] m>riage   
infidelity is z good z unkn[n4 ,if !    
girl becomes a "m1 )\t a m>riage foll[+1
 ! man is oblig$ to secure ! *ild ?r\gh 
a sum paid to ! girl's fa!r1 :o is !n   
answ]able = x4  ,x is f simil> sexual   
cu/oms t ! majority ( our ,sw$i% p d]ive
 !irs--t p :i* 9 royal & academic       
spee*es has ga9$ ! "* ( be+ 8! mo/      
law-abid+ & loyal0 9 ! _w4 ,fail+ a     
deep] love or a s5se ( responsibility1  
^! cu/oms involve ! ab&onm5t ( ! woman1 
infanticide1 & sometimes ! pro/itution (
 ! woman1 :5 %e has pass$ f "o man to   
ano!r2 f9ally ! encumbrance ( society ) 
! *ildr5 ( diff]5t fa!rs to :om %e has  
giv5 life1 besides ! neglect ( ! *ildr54
 ,& ! cu/om leads--ev5 9 ^? cases :]e   
bo? love & responsibility are pres5t1 b 
:]e ! lov]s are too "y--to ! enfeebl+ ( 

!mselves & ( ! *ildr51 & to ! great     
mortality ( ! latt]4 ,n only h>d lab\r &
 scanty food1 b also a premature sexual 
life1 contribute to h9d] ! full bodily  
developm5t ( ! l[] classes & to ha/5 _! 
gr[+ old4  ,b by ! side ( ^! evil       
effects !re are good ones4 ,9 mo/ cases1
 a "y c\ple's prospect ( p>5tage leads  
_! relatives to make _! m>riage         
possible4 ,:5 ?is _c take place         
imm$iately1 ! daught] & h] *ild /ay ) ! 
p>5ts ( "o ( !m1 or %e leaves ! *ild )  
!m1 :ile %e on h] side1 & ! "y man on 81
 "w = ! future4 ,ev5 :5 ! man has n     
always be5 dispos$ = m>riage1 _! common 
life ( "w & ! s5se ( p>5tage soon %[ a  
unit+ =ce4 ,su* c\ples :o h come toge!r 
9 y\? probably h bett] prospects = _!   
life toge!r ?an an upp]-class c\ple1    
worn out by a long engagem5t1 9 :i* !   
bride has a full "r to h]               
orange-fl[]s--to say no?+ ( ! heal?     
contribut$ by ! man ( ! p 9 comp>ison ) 
! majority ( m5 ( ! upp] class1 :o h    
b\ght _! injuri\s sub/itute = m>riage   

:ile wait+ = ! promotion :i* %\ld make  
m>riage possible4 ,"o ?+ at any rate is 
c]ta93 t matrimonial fidelity among ! p 
is z great z fre$om be=e m>riage is     
unlimit$4 ,t ! free love ( ! peasant &  
work+ class ends1 z a rule1 9 m>riage1  
(t5 dep5ds on ! fact t public op9ion    
supports ?is z a po9t ( morality4 ,b--9 
^? cases :]e love itself does n br+ ab\t
 community ( life--! s5se ( p>5tage & ! 
ne$ ( a helpmate are z decisive z public
 op9ion2 = ev5 among ! erotically       
undevelop$ ! ne$ ( cohabitation makes   
itself felt = o!r purposes ?an ! in/9ct 
( ! race4 ,x is ! desire = su* community
 ( life--) its %>+ ( pleasure & h>d%ip1 
sorr[ & att5tion--:i* makes x really    
unit+4 ,:]e no su* desire exi/s1 !      
relation%ip becomes immoral f ! po9t (  
view ( life-enhancem5t4 ,if ?is /&>d (  
morality be n adh]$ to1 free love among 
! upp] class--z among ! l[] class--w1 x 
is true1 contribute to ! abolition (    
pro/itution1 b n to ! exaltation (      
mank9d ?r\gh a great] love1 a high]     

morality4  ,= if1 on ! "o h&1 ! sexual  
cu/oms ( ! l[] class all[ m "r ?an ^? ( 
! upp] class to ! direct claims (       
nature1 on ! o!r h&1 ! cu/oms ( ! latt] 
/ill provide ! same opportunities = !   
elevation into love ( ! in/9ct :i*1 f an
 hi/orical & e?nographical po9t ( view1 
has ev]y:]e be5 provid$ by self-control4
 ,among ^? nations ) :i* sexual         
connections beg9 e>ly1 morals are1 z a  
rule1 loose1 & :]e morals are loose1 !  
emotion ( love has small importance4 ,! 
control ( s5suality develops ! deep]    
feel+s ( love4 ,we ne$ n g to ! nations 
( ! pa/1 or to exi/+ extra-,european    
peoples1 b only to ! t[n & c\ntry       
lab\r]s ( our own & o!r ,european l&s1  
to see h[ ! feel+s become lax & feeble1 
! s5ses co>se & gre$y1 :5 !y h acquir$ !
 habit ( satisfy+ physical hung] be=e t 
( ! s\l has awak5$4 ,! mis]able         
conditions ( dwell+ among ! l[] classes 
are en\gh by !mselves to rob sexual life
 ( its discretion2 immature age or ! tie
 ( blood is frequ5tly no h9drance to    

un*a/ity1 & its consequ5ces--co>s5ess & 
lack ( responsibility t[>ds "o ano!r z  
well z t[>ds ! (fspr+--at times take    
hide\s =ms4 ,! fir/ condition !re=e =   
love's fre$om is t ! fre$om %all conc]n 
love1 ! mo/ univ]sal sign ( :i* is !    
desire ( cont9u$ community ( life4 ,z   
?is sign is1 z a rule1 to be f\nd among 
"y p ( ! educat$ class :o n[ claim      
love's fre$om1 !y are ?us f> )9 _!      
rights1 z also are ! "y p ( ! l[] class 
:5 !y use ! same fre$om & z a result =m 
_m excell5t connubial unions4 ,we c\ld )
 e reason--& ) m reason--draw ! same    
conclusions ) reg>d to ! upp] class1 if 
x 7 n ! case t among ^! love has become 
a s mu* m p5etrat+ =ce4 ,:ile ! majority
 ( ! work+ class--= ev5 !re a m9ority ) 
m ref9$ erotic feel+s is to be f\nd1--9 
addition to ! satisfaction ( its        
in/9cts1 cont5ts itself ) a capable &   
devot$ comrade to be> its burd51 !      
develop$ man or woman ( ! pres5t day has
 deep] erotic ne$s4 ,x is ! satisfaction
 ( ^! t is (t5 miss$ by a y\?ful        

decision 9 life2 = ev5 :5 y\?ful love is
 s\lful--& ne>ly all y\?ful love c s be 
describ$--x is nev]!less 9 mo/ cases a  
long+ = love r ?an love1 a crav+ =      
exp]i5ce r ?an ! new life itself4 ,&    
!re=e ! erotic feel+s ( e>ly y\? are    
f\nd$ ^u ! illusions :i* make a ,romeo  
lam5t ! h>%ness ( ,rosal9d a mom5t be=e 
meet+ ,juliet1 & a ,titania to fondle   
,bottom's ass's e>s4 ,nev] 9 aft] life  
has ! _w su* a m>vell\s glam\r z :5 !   
fir/ dream ( love has swa!d all cont\rs 
9 its opalesc5t mi/s ( sunrise1 b--nev] 
d we s easily g a/ray4 ,x may happ5 t ! 
lift+ ( ! mi/s w disclose ! mo/         
beautiful l&scape4 ,b !re are m *ances t
 ! c\rse "o has /e]$ 9 ! fog w end 9 "o 
( _m %ipwrecks4 ,!re=e ! 8'te5s0 %\ld be
 ! age ( ! erotic prologue1 n ( ! drama4
 ,= ?is reason also1 t no "o c decide to
 :at degree ! transi5t may injure ! f9al
 relations ( life2 nor to :at degree    
great love may be miss$ or spoil$1 :5   
accid5tal love has anticipat$ its       
rights1 ev5 ?\gh ?is happ5$ 9 ! full &  

frank belief t ! accid5t 0 de/9y4  ,no  
"p ( ! art ( liv+ is m important = y\?  
?an develop+ 9 "o's self ! k ( a pr$e/9$
 fell[%ip :i* p]mits ( wait+4 ,p curse !
 haz>ds :i* sep>ate lov]s4 ,b x is less 
! haz>ds :i* sep>ate ?an ^? :i* unite at
 ! wrong "t1 t ought to be curs$4 ,fir/ 
y\? seldom loses 9 love any?+ b :at is  
unimportant2 ! reality %[s itself--:5   
bo? are free--z :at _c be lo/4 ,^? :o   
belong to ea* o!r come toge!r 9 ! end2  
^? :om *ance p>ts1 nev] belong$ to ea*  
o!r4 ,a man may fail ( happ9ess by f9d+ 
out too late :at is real 9 himself or   
o!rs2 n by ab/a9+ f action be=e ?is     
discov]y4 ,!re=e y\? %\ld wait be=e mak+
 decisive plunges into its own & o!rs'  
de/9ies1 s9ce great love may resemble ! 
,japanese div9ity1 to pray to :om m ?an 
once is a crime1 s9ce x answ]s pray]    
only once4   ,b ev5 :5 a "y c\ple has ! 
pr(\nde/ mutual s5se ( ! p]man5ce ( _!  
feel+1 x does n foll[ t _! love ought   
imm$iately to involve ! rights & !      
accompany+ responsibilities ( a lat]    

age4 ,= "y trees break or b5d "u too    
heavy a weight ( fruit1 nor does ! fruit
 atta9 its full value on trees t are too
 "y4 ,"h nature h]self is ! oppon5t (   
y\?ful m>riages4 ,let u leave on "o side
 ! possibility ( p be+ unwill+ly b\nd   
toge!r ?r\gh ! consequ5ces ( an ov]-ha/y
 union1 & deal only ) ! c]ta9ty t ! "y p
 9 a pr(\nd s5se cont9ue to belong to   
ea* o!r4 ,!y w nev]!less z surely suff] 
?r\gh ! possible or probable consequ5ce 
( _! action1 ! *ild4 ,_! consci\sness ( 
n be+ able to be> ?is consequ5ce w      
d\btless make !m try to avoid x4 ,b ?is 
is an ugly beg9n+ to a life ( love4 ,_m 
consid] t x also involves dang]s4 ,= ^? 
:o h already giv5 to ! race _! tribute (
 new life1 or :o ought nev] ?us to give1
 ! *oice mu/ be free betwe5 ! two       
dang]s4 ,b = ! op5+ ( a life 9 common   
?is res\rce may be equally unsafe &     
un:olesome1 s9ce ! racial in/9ct z a    
:ole is left unaccompli%$4 ,& ?us love  
is robb$ ( a "p ( its spiritual mean+1 &
 s5su\sness ( its natural re/ra9t4 ,b   

ev5 if ^! consequ5ces d n foll[1        
8failure0 may yet be ! mo/ =tunate      
occurr5ce 9 ^! cases--& also ! mo/      
usual4 ,h[ !n does x appe> 9 reality8   
,9 mo/ cases "y p h ent]$ into _! free  
union because !y h se5 no possibility ( 
an op5 m>riage4 ,!y are ! less able to  
support a *ild1 z !y !mselves are       
support$ by o!rs1 9 s f> z !y are n     
keep+ !mselves by runn+ into debt or by 
badly-paid lab\r4 ,9 ! latt] case1 !    
*ild means a fur!r h9drance to life1 ! m
 s z x mu/ involve = ! woman a          
dim9ution1 p]haps a total loss1 ( h]    
p[]s ( "w4 ,x is !re=e ! "y p's         
relatives :o h to help4 ,&1 :5 ?is is   
possible1 ! =m x takes is t ! lov]s are 
oblig$ to m>ry & receive ! help t !     
p>5ts c af=d4 ,9 ! case ( ! poor]       
classes1 ?is is comp>atively slight1 z !
 newly-m>ri$ pair frequ5tly /ay ) !     
p>5ts ( "o ( !m4 ,b 9 ! upp] classes1 on
 ! o!r h&1 !y pref]1 ) full reason1 to  
=m _! own home1 & !n !re ensue !        
inevitable c>es ( *ild & h\sekeep+1     

h[ev] simple ! latt] may be4 ,b ^! w be 
a h9drance to _! /udies1 _! fre$om (    
movem5t1 & g5]al developm5t4 ,!y become 
cage-birds1 at be/ f$ by _! p>5ts2 b\nd 
by duties dur+ ! ye>s :i* %\ld h be5    
:olly devot$ to _! self-developm5t4     
,?us premature m>riages1 :e!r lawful or 
unlawful 9 =m1 may arre/ 9 _! gr[?      
c\ntless excell5t =ces1 & ru9 ! full    
possibilities ( happ9ess 9 lat] ye>s4 ,x
 is true t ! e>ly union w h /ill$ a     
p[]ful long+ 9 ! "y p's be+4 ,b !y soon 
f9d out t x has at ! same "t r5d]$      
difficult1 p]haps impossible1 !         
satisfaction ( _! desire ( k1 ! ta/e =  
rese>*1 ! creative p[]1 & fre$om (      
action 9 o!r1 m or less important1      
directions2 = example1 9 ! love ( travel
 :i* is felt by all "y p ( _s1 & 9 !    
love ( pleasure 9 a :olesome s5se4 ,! "y
 "m's beauty probably nev] atta9s !     
fulness design$ by nature1 & %e is de/9$
 to gr[ old be=e h] "t4 ,& ev5 :5 h]    
*ildr5 are n weakl+s--z is mo/ frequ5tly
 ! case--!y d n af=d h] ! happ9ess !y   

might h br\ght if !y _h be5 long$ =2 if 
%e _h n _h to sacrifice to !m h] y\?ful 
joy1 ! fulness ( h] /r5g? & beauty1 b1  
on ! contr>y1 _h felt ?is enhanc$ ?r\gh 
mo!rhood4 ,above all1 ! *ildr5 d n      
receive ! br++-up :i* ! "m might give !m
 at a some:at matur] age4  ,ev5 if a    
pair ( lov]s are !mselves will+ to be   
subject to ! h9drances impos$ 9 mo/     
cases by a premature union1 ?is mu/ be  
_! own affair2 b = ! *ild !re mu/ be    
loss4  ,9 ord] t ! *ild may enjoy ! full
 possibility ( fav\rable conditions (   
life--9 bir? z well z 9 br++-up--9      
nor!rn ,europe ! age ( ! woman at       
m>riage %\ld be at lea/ tw5ty1 t ( ! man
 ab\t tw5ty-five4 ,?is is ! p]iod ( full
 maturity1 & until ?is age is rea*$ y\? 
itself ga9s by complete ab/95ce1 9 ord] 
by its m>riage at ! prop] age1 9 ! words
 ( ,tacitus1 to 8let ! *ildr5 witness to
 _! p>5ts' /r5g?40 ,9 ! op9ion ( mo/    
y\ng] m5 ( sci5ce x is less & less      
probable t acquir$ qualities are        
inh]it$4 ,o!rs1 aga91 :o h def5d$ or    

/ill hold ?is view1 h ma9ta9$ ) m or    
less =ce--z a condition ( ! progress ( !
 race--t procreation %\ld n take place  
until ! activity & surr\nd+s ( ! p>5ts h
 acquir$ a def9ite "*4 ,acute           
psy*ologi/s :o h giv5 att5tion to       
woman's nature1 consid] t x does n atta9
 its full spiritual maturity be=e ab\t !
 age ( ?irty1 :ile %e !n /ill possesses 
h] y\?fulness unimpair$2 t until !n h]  
c\nt5ance does n acquire its true       
complet5ess ( expression2 t h]          
individuality1 intellectual p[]s1 &     
passion are !n = ! fir/ "t fully awake2 
t only ^! prop]ties c inspire deep love1
 & t ?us woman ga9s ev]y?+ by a lat]    
m>riage1 :]eas ! result ( e>ly m>riages1
 :]e ! husb& has to 8educate0 8 wife1 is
 frequ5tly1 z a witty lady has rem>k$1 t
 he is de/9$ in/ead to educate a wife = 
someone else4  ,nor is x only n>r[-view$
 prea*]s ( morality1 b m5 ( sci5ce ) !  
broade/ outlook 9 ^! matt]s1 :o decl>e  
ev] m positively t ab/95ce until ! age (
 maturity is 9 a high degree fav\rable  

to ! physico-psy*ical /r5g? & ela/icity 
( bo? sexes1 & t su* fav\rable effect   
may sometimes ext5d beyond ?is age4  ,to
 ?is direct ga9 mu/ also be add$ !      
indirect "o3 t all self-control = a     
great] & gladd5+ end--& :at end c be    
great] ?an ?is "o8--gives to ! w t =ce &
 to ! p]sonality t joy 9 its /r5g? :i* w
 lat] be all-important 9 e o!r dep>tm5t 
( life4  ,su* an advancem5t ( ! age (   
m>riage w probably n be oppos$ by _m    
wom54 ,"y girls h le>n$ by ! exp]i5ce ( 
o!rs1 & n[ !re is sc>cely to be f\nd a  
woman m>ri$ be=e ! age ( tw5ty :o has n 
discov]$ t x 0 premature be=e %e rea*es 
tw5ty-five4 ,moreov] x is seldom !      
woman's desire t hurries on a secret    
union2 =1 9 ! abs5ce ( any admixture (  
,s\!rn blood1 x is a long "t1 _m ye>s   
inde$ 9 "s cases1 be=e ! s5ses ( !      
,nor!rn woman are consci\sly awak5$4  ,b
 ! "y girl loves & wi%es to satisfy !   
long+ f :i* %e sees h] lov] suff]1 ! m s
 :5 %e comes to "k t ! demon/rations (  
affection :i* h satisfi$ h] ne$s h      

increas$ 8 suff]+4 ,& !re=e %e sil5ces  
h] own inn]mo/ consci\sness1 :i* adjures
 h] to wait4  ,?is sil5c+ ( ! inn] voice
 n infrequ5tly has = its result t ! two 
s\ls are nev] fully unit$1 s9ce ! s5ses 
h /ood 9 _! way2 or 9 ,nietzs*e's words3
 ,die ,s9nli*keit b]eilt (t das ,wa*/hum
 d] ,liebe s dass die ,wurzeln s*wa*    
bleib5 und lei*t auszureiss5 s9d4 ,9 e  
pure feel+ ( morality1 a "y woman :o ?us
 surr5d]s h]self 9 love /&s immeasurably
 above ! engag$ girl ( good family :o   
all[s ! man %e says %e loves to toil    
alone dur+ ! be/ ye>s ( 8 "y manhood1 s 
z at la/ to prep>e = h] ! position :i*  
h] own ideas ( life1 or ^? ( h] family1 
dem&4 ,b high] ?an ei!r /&s ! "y woman  
:o has kn[n h[ to pres]ve ! fre%ness (  
love's spr+time4 ,& :5 wom5's own claims
 ( happ9ess h become m ref9$1 :5 _!     
insight into nature is m pr(\nd1 :5 !y  
?us become fit to take ! lead 9 erotic  
developm5t--:i* 9 ,sc&9avia dur+ ! la/  
g5]ation has un=tunately be5 9 man's    
h&s1--!n !y w also und]/& ?is4 ,!y mu/  

prolong ! happy "t :5 love is unspok51  
unfett]$ by promises1 full ( expectation
 & intuition4 ,& !y ne$ n on ?is acc\nt 
give up ! comrade%ip 9 sport1 9 walks1 &
 /udies1 :i* is :olesome 9 itself1      
*e]ful & prep>atory to happ9ess1 b :i*  
n[ leads to premature unions4 ,wom5 w   
come to und]/& :5 !y ought to be on _!  
gu>d1 9 ord] t ! suff]+s ( ! p]iod (    
wait+ may be m9imis$4 ,!y w %ort5 !     
secret engagem5t1 & !y w d away ) !     
public engagem5t1 ) ! dang]s bo? involve
 ( att5uation ( ! feel+s1 & ) ! latt]'s 
pr(anation ( love's privacy4  ,if ! y\? 
( ! ,nor? does n feel its s\l 9 h>mony )
 ?is mood1 its life w h lo/ its         
spr+time--)\t receiv+ 9 ex*ange a long] 
summ]2 = premature w>m? has its rev5ge 9
 life z 9 nature4 ,to exp]i5ce fully !  
peculi> beauty ( ea* season ( life is ! 
attribute ( a pr(\nd] compreh5sion (    
life's mean+--& ?is tru? is n less true 
because a ,juliet 0 only f\rte54 ,:at   
,%akespe>e has reveal$ 9 h] is n ! =ce (
 e>ly love1 incomp>able ) any o!r p[]2 r

 does he %[ ! love1 in/antane\s1 fatal1 
ov]com+ all ob/acles1 :i*--equally      
p[]ful at e age--yet %[s its =ce mo/    
unmi/akably :5 x drives two human be+s  
to dea? j at ! "t :5 ! yet unliv$ life  
!y h be=e !m makes ! ?\ght ( dea? mo/   
full ( horror4 ,only su* an exception c 
anticipate 9 spr+time ! fl[]+ ( summ]4  
,x is !re=e n f ! :ole necessity ( _!   
nature1 b f atta*+ too mu* importance to
 "o side ( x1 t _m "y p n[ h ! idea t   
love loses its fire & its purity by     
wait+ until ! organism c be> its fruits4
 ,no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t ! *a/ity (      
p]fect love is condition$ t[>ds unity by
 ! w ( ! s\l & ! s5ses4 ,b ?is *a/e w   
may be f\nd be=e or aft] ! possibility (
 its realisation4 ,& love's *a/ity may  
!n %[ itself z well 9 wait+ = complete  
unity z 9 altoge!r r5\nc+ ! same4  ,x is
 true t a "y man w n exp]i5ce !         
intoxication ( love at tw5ty-five z he  
exp]i5c$ x "s ye>s e>li]4 ,b if he feels
 x = ! fir/ "t at ab\t tw5ty-five1      
!n--accord+ to all ! laws (             

physico-psy*ical s5sations ( pleasure--j
 at ! height ( 8 sexual exi/5ce1 & aft] 
ye>s ( self-control & lab\r = happ9ess1 
he ought to be able to exp]i5ce a ri*]  
vital intoxication ?an he w\ld h be5    
capable ( 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( 8 y\?4  ,x is
 inconte/able t premature erotic claims 
are less ! result ( ! ne$s ( ! organism 
?an ( ! influ5ce ( ! imag9ation ^u x4   
,only a new heal?9ess & beauty 9 ! me?od
 ( treat+ erotic que/ions w gradually   
refa%ion ! n[ ov]-excit$ imag9ation1    
calm erotic curiosity1 & /r5g!n ! s5se (
 responsibility t[>ds self & t[>ds ! new
 g5]ation1 s t premature sexual life may
 lose its attraction = ! "y4   ,all ?is 
h[ev] conc]ns only immature y\?4  ,:51  
on ! o!r h&1 a pair ( lov]s h rea*$ !   
age ref]r$ to z t ( full maturity1 & _! 
complete union c only fur!r _! own      
life-enhancem5t & t ( ! race1 !n !y     
commit a s9 aga9/ !mselves & ! race if  
!y d n ent] into union4  ,b n ev5 9 su* 
a case is secret love desirable1 9 :i* !
 woman goes 9 con/ant uneas9ess = !     

possible *ild1 & yet--aft] ! fir/ p]iod 
( happ9ess--9 a gr[+ desire n only = x b
 = all ! o!r conditions ( life :i* might
 give sun & fre% air to h] feel+1       
conf9$1 z x 71 9 =c+-h\se or cell>4  ,9 
mo/ cases x is only a "q ( "t h[ soon   
?is secret happ9ess w langui%1 s9ce !   
risk is almo/ entirely on ! woman's side
 & ! man is too mu* 9 ! position ( "o :o
 receives4 ,= human nature is su* t ?is 
makes "o h>d2 & love is su* t ?is makes 
"o weak4 ,if ! man is n h>d5$ !reby1 x  
is because he is extremely s5sitive4 ,& 
aga91 if he is s1 !n ! secret union1 9  
:i* ! woman gives mo/1 becomes j z      
humiliat+ to ! man z a m>riage 9 :i* !  
wife keeps him by h] =tune or h] "w4 ,! 
woman1 on h] side1 w be ! m difficult to
 please1 w make high] claims ^u ! love  
:i* is to comp5sate h] = ! home & = !   
*ild1 ! two int]e/s ?r\gh :i* %e w\ld   
fir/ h felt h] p[]s develop$ 9 e        
direction1 or1 9 o!r words1 w\ld h ga9$ 
complete happ9ess4  ,= a woman's be/    
qualities1 ev5 z a mi/ress1 are         

insep>ably b\nd up ) ! mo!rhood 9 h]    
nature4  ,!re has be5 & is an inf9ity ( 
talk ab\t ! degradation ( woman by h]   
complete surr5d] )\t m>riage2 t ! man   
?us depreciates 8 lov$ "o 9 8 own eyes &
 himself 9 h]s2 t he is selfi% 9 propos+
 a union :i* injures ! virtue & mode/y (
 love2 t he 8sacrifices0 ! woman to 8   
desire2 & s on )\t end4 ,all ?is talk is
 wor?less1 simply because a woman :o    
loves feels h]self degrad$ nei!r 9 h]   
own eyes nor 9 ^? ( ! man2 because %e   
has no idea ( a 8sacrifice10 b ( giv+ & 
receiv+4 ,= %e desires ! complet5ess (  
love ) a mu* pr(\nd] w ?an man1 s9ce h] 
erotic ne$s are /rong]--al?\gh          
calm]--?an 84 ,b %e is frequ5tly--& (t5 
= a long "t--unconsci\s t h] pr(\nd     
desire to be made happy at any price    
?r\gh love nev]!less ref]s at bottom to 
! *ild4 ,! man sees only ! woman's long+
 & 8 happy smile n unfrequ5tly tells (  
an easy victory4 ,b he does n "k--= a   
long "t %e does n "k h]self--:5 h] love 
becomes a sacrifice2 :5 %e beg9s to feel

 h] position z a degrad+ "o4 ,! man does
 n see :at h] smile conceals2 he does n 
und]/& h] :5 %e is sil5t1 & p]haps he   
does n li/5 :5 %e speaks4 ,he ?us       
believes h] to be /ill satisfi$1 :5 %e  
has begun to hung] = m4  ,woman's ne$ ( 
liv+ & suff]+ = ! race gives h] love a  
pur] gl[1 a high] flame1 a pr(\nd] w1 a 
m tireless fidelity ?an man's4 ,!       
unsatisfi$ long+ = mo!rhood is releas$ 9
 an ev] w>m]1 ev] m self-sacrific+      
affection = ! lov$ "o4 ,man1 on ! o!r   
h&1 :o has less & less opportunity (    
giv+1 !reby comes to love less & less4  
,:5 ! woman discov]s ?is1 %e beg9s to   
rememb] :at %e has giv54 ,& !n /rife1   
s91 sorr[1 & _! wages--dea?--h ent]$    
into :at 0 p]haps at ! beg9n+ a g5u9e   
love2 a love :i* might h _h a full &    
fair life1 if x _h _h ! unify+ & purify+
 influ5ce ( a common end1 a great       
purpose4  ,:5 love possesses no?+ ( ?is 
k9d1 its p[] ( motion is direct$ aga9/  
itself4 ,! feel+s ( bo? p>ties !n become
 ! object ( a game l t ( p>fil]1 :i* 0 !

 rage 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & :i* consi/$
 9 draw+ ! ?reads out ( worn-out clo? ( 
gold4 ,! feel+s are torn up1 ripp$ op51 
ti$ toge!r2 tangl$1 dis5tangl$1 & w\nd  
up4 ,b feel+s are roots1 n ?reads--n ev5
 gold ?reads4 ,x is 9 ! great1 :olesome 
realities ( life t ! creative =ce (     
love1 l t ( art1 f9ds ! productive e>? =
 its gr[?4 ,torn out ( ?is e>?1 love1 z 
surely z art1 is l a tree bl[n d[n by a 
spr+ /orm1 :i* may inde$ put =? leaves  
?is spr+--?\gh all its roots are expos$ 
to ! air--b :i* w n live ?r\gh ! summ]4 
,cl&e/9e love is 9 ?is respect l an     
upp]-class m>riage )\t *ildr5 & )\t     
common pursuits1 al?\gh !               
self-sacrific+1 self-support+1 cl&e/9e  
mi/ress /&s f> above ! kept wife1       
fa%ionable & full ( pret5sion4  ,?us x  
is n ab/ract ideas ( duty1 b real       
selfi%ness1 :i* is "o ) real morality1 t
 w tea* y\? to und]/& ! mean+ (         
,sp9oza's pr(\nd ?\ght1 made /ill m     
pr(\nd by ! doctr9e ( evolution3 t 8!   
sexual love :i* has its orig9 9 :at is  

ext]nal & accid5tal1 may easily be turn$
 to hate1 a k9d ( madness t is n\ri%$ on
 discord2 b t love1 on ! o!r h&1 is     
la/+1 :i* has its cause 9 fre$om ( s\l &
 9 ! w to be> & br+ up *ildr540  ,?r\gh 
! religion ( life & its c\ntless        
influ5ces1 ?r\gh gradual1 sc>cely       
p]ceptible trans=mations1 w love's      
fre$om m & m come to mean fre$om =      
endur+ love4  ,! _s ( ! age1 work+ ?r\gh
 ! /&>ds ( lit]ature & public op9ion1   
trans=ms ) infallible c]ta9ty ?\ghts &  
feel+s 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! /ronge/    
lead !m4  ,x n[ re/s ) ! "y to be ^!    
/rong ones4  ,) ! gr[+ desire = a       
_m-sid$ enhancem5t ( life1 p>5tage w    
also become an ev] m important condition
 ( ?is enhancem5t4 ,"y p w be no m will+
 to depreciate by a premature sexual    
life ! value ( ^? ye>s :i* ought to be  
devot$ to fur!r+ _! individual gr[?1 ?an
 !y w be to dim9i% _! joy ( p>5tage by  
putt+ a weak & unwelcome *ild into ! _w4
 ,= !y w wi% to possess all happ9ess    
fully & frankly4 ,! expect$ *ild ought  

to give !m beautiful dreams1 n torm5t+  
uneas9ess2 x mu/ be c>ri$ 9 rejoic+1 n 9
 unwill+1 arms1 & mu/ h receiv$ life f !
 fulness ( happ9ess--n f a mis*ance4    
,"h z ev]y:]e1 :at is ! mo/ g5u9e & la/+
 happ9ess = ! individual is also = !    
moral enhancem5t ! race4  ,:5 two lov]s 
h ?is desire & h rea*$ t maturity1 :5 ! 
w has a "r to realisation1 & is 9 full  
agreem5t ) ! heal? & beauty ( !mselves1 
( ! new g5]ation1 & ( society1 x is "r t
 !y %\ld come toge!r1 ev5 ?\gh x may n  
be possible = _! pure desire ( common   
life & common "w to take ! =m ( m>riage4
  ,= him :o has e>s to he>1 ^! figures w
 speak3 !y %[ t ! av]age age ( unlawful 
unions is ! "r age appo9t$ by nature =  
m>riage4 ,?us ! /ati/ics ( ,sw$5 = #aijj
 %[ t #fcdj 8illegitimate0 *ildr5 7 born
 ( mo!rs betwe5 #bj & #be ye>s old1 :ile
 ^? born ( mo!rs "u #bj 7 #bjbh1 & (    
mo!rs betwe5 #be & #cj1 #cheg4 ,ano!r   
eloqu5t fact is t1 ev5 be=e ! ext5sion (
 compulsory milit>y s]vice1 ! highe/    
figures ( emigration1 = m5 z well z     

wom51 occur among ! unm>ri$ )9 a ye> or 
two on ei!r side ( tw5ty4  ,by unlawful 
unions1 ! race is (t5 defraud$ ( !      
*ildr5's fitness = life1 :i* is ru9$ by 
! unfav\rable conditions 9 :i* ! *ildr5 
are br\ght up2 & by emigration ! be/    
blood ( ! c\ntry is dra9$ away4 ,& ev5  
if ! latt] is occasion$ by a v>iety (   
causes1 no ?\ghtful p]son c\ld omit to  
reckon among !m ! difficulty ( m>ry+ at 
! "r "t4 ,ano!r equally eloqu5t         
circum/ance fully support$ by /ati/ical 
evid5ce is ?is3 t pro/itution increases 
9 direct proportion z ! g5]al social    
conditions & ! economical situation are 
unfav\rable to m>riage1 & t x decreases 
z m>riage is facilitat$4 ,& ! majority (
 pro/itutes--z ( unm>ri$ mo!rs--are ( ! 
"r age = m>riage4  ,! y\? ( ! upp]      
classes ought n1 h[ev]1 9 _! /ruggle    
aga9/ actual conditions1 to desc5d to ! 
irresponsibility ( ! l[] classes4       
,educat$ "y p mu/ set an example to !   
re/1 n only by ent]+ into _! matrimonial
 alliances at ! "r "t1 b also 9 a way t 

is unimpea*able z reg>ds ! claims ( !   
race & ( society4 ,! "y h a p]fect "r--l
 _! contempor>ies among ! p--to assume !
 responsibility ( f\nd+ a home1 :i* may 
be d5i$ to !m1 be=e ! *ild is expect$4  
,b !y h only a "r to ?is k9d ( defiance 
if !y are will+1 z soon z !y are able1  
!mselves to provide = ! new creatures :o
 w "o day replace !m 9 ! race4 ,b above 
all ?+s1 educat$ "y p mu/ also take "p 9
 ! social re=m :i*--speak+ broadly--w be
 ! only solution ( ! m>riage "q4        
,in/ead ( def5d+ 8free love10 :i* is a  
mu*-abus$ t]m capable ( _m              
int]pretations1 we ought to /rive = !   
fre$om ( love2 = :ile ! =m] has come to 
imply fre$om = any sort ( love1 ! latt] 
mu/ only mean fre$om = a feel+ :i* is   
wor?y ! "n ( love4  ,?is feel+1 x may be
 hop$1 w gradually w9 = itself ! same   
fre$om 9 life z x already possesses 9   
poetry4 ,! fl[]+1 z well z ! budd+ (    
love w !n be a secret betwe5 ! lov]s1 & 
only its fruit w be a matt] betwe5 !m & 
society4 ,z always1 poetry has po9t$ out

 ! way to developm5t4 ,a great poet has 
seldom sung ( lawfully-w$d$ happ9ess1 b 
(t5 ( free & secret love2 & 9 ?is       
respect too ! "t is com+ :5 !re w no    
long] be "o /&>d ( morality = poetry &  
ano!r = life4 ,ev5 ! poet ( ,sakuntala  
calls t love ! mo/ beautiful :i* gives  
itself freely 9 ! 8,g&o>va m>riage10    
sanctifi$ only by ! fulness ( emotion4  
,b ev5 !n ! dang] 0 recognis$ (    444  
unkn[n he>t clos+ aga9/ unkn[n he>t4    
,ev5 !n x 0 uneas9ess ab\t ! fate ( !   
*ild :i* c\pl$ responsibility to society
 ) love's fre$om4  ,! new moral         
consci\sness is ?us an old ?+4 ,b x mu/ 
nev]!less be call$ new1 s9ce x is only  
beg9n+ to be wide-spread4 ,x is becom+  
pla9 to m & m p t a man or woman--:e!r  
m>ri$ or free--does wrong to ! nobility 
( self by giv+ himself or h]self to "o  
:o is at he>t a /rang]2 x is m & m      
becom+ intuitively felt t x is ! s5se ( 
home 9 ano!r s\l :i* gives devotion its 
sanctity4  ,! suitor :o--dress$ = !     
occasion--w5t fir/ to ! fa!r to decl>e 8

 feel+s = ! daught] is already su* an   
old-fa%ion$ type t x is pa/ ridicule4 ,!
 brilliant w$d+ fe/ival w soon come to  
be reg>d$ z ridicul\s1 !n unbecom+1 &   
f9ally immoral4 ,&--l o!r survivals ( ! 
"t :5 m>riage 0 ! affair ( ! family--x  
has already begun to disappe>1 9 ! same 
degree z love has develop$4 ,lov]s are  
less & less incl9$ to tol]ate a spy+ ^u 
_! f9e/ feel+s2 !y are increas+ly anxi\s
 to rescue ^! f ! pry+ f+]s ( society1 (
 family1 & ( fri5ds4 ,m & m is love     
v5]at$ z "p ( nature's my/icism1 ^:     
c\rse no outsid] c det]m9e1 ^: s5sitive 
manife/ations & unc]ta9 possibilities no
 "o may di/urb1 a my/icism )9 ^: sph]e a
 fix$ timetable w\ld be out ( place4    
,h[ c ,love1 "o ( ! great lords ( life1 
take its fre$om f ! h&s ( society any m 
?an ,dea?1 ! o!r1 c d s8 8,love & ,dea?1
 :i* meet l ! two sides ( a             
m\nta9-ridge1 ^: highe/ po9ts are ev]   
:]e !y come toge!r0 7,g4 ,rod5ba*72     
,love & ,dea?1 :i*--"o ) ! w+s ( ! dawn1
 ! o!r ) ^? ( ! night sky--ov]%ad[ !    

portals betwe5 e>?ly life & ! two great 
d>knesses :i* enclose x--only ^! two    
p[]s are comp>able 9 maje/y4  ,b :ile   
!re is only "o dea?1 !re are _m sorts ( 
love4 ,dea? nev] plays4 ,:5 all love    
becomes equally s]i\s1 x w also possess 
dea?'s "r to *oose its own "t4   ,9 !   
spr+time ( love1 p>5ts c be (           
significance to _! *ildr5 only :5 !y    
feel rev]5ce = ! m>vel :i* is accompli%$
 9 _! pres5ce4 ,b x seldom happ5s t     
p>5ts h previ\sly be5 s s5sitive t _!   
*ildr5 !n treat !m z p]fect fri5ds4 ,!  
p]iod ( y\? is commonly full ( /rife1   
:i* is br\ght ab\t p>tly by ! p>5ts'    
desire ( remodell+ _! *ildr5 accord+ to 
_! own ideas--aga9/ :i* *ildr5 are only 
n[ v5tur+ to def5d !mselves1--p>tly by !
 *ildr5's desire to ass]t _! own ideals1
 :i* are always diff]5t f ^? ( ! p>5ts1 
= o!rwise 8! new g5]ation w\ld own no   
title to exi/0 7,g4 ,br&es74 ,p>5ts     
might save = !mselves & = _! *ildr5     
endless suff]+1 if !y und]/ood f !      
beg9n+ t *ildr5 are significant         

exclusively z new p]sonalities1 ) new   
gods & new aims2 ) ! "r to protect _!   
own nature1 ) ! duty ( f9d+ out new     
pa?s1 )\t =feit+ ! "r ( be+ respect$ by 
_! p>5ts 9 ! same degree z ! latt] on _!
 side reta9 ! "r ( be+ v5]at$ by _!     
*ildr5--= ! be/ ( :at !y are or h be51  
:at !y w or h will$4 ,! only "r t p>5ts 
ought nev] to r5\nce 9 deal+ ) _!       
gr[n-up *ildr5 is t ( giv+ to !m !      
b5efit ( _! own exp]i5ce4 ,b 9 s do+ !y 
mu/ rememb] :at a poor lov+ he>t =gets  
easie/ ( all3 t n ev5 _! own mo/ bitt]  
exp]i5ce w be able to save _! *ildr5 f  
mak+ sad discov]ies = !mselves4 ,!y w   
probably avoid _! p>5ts' mi/akes1 b only
 to make o!rs ( _! own6 ,! only real p[]
 a fa!r or "m possesses ov] ! *ild's    
fate--b inde$ ?is is an imm5se "o--is to
 fill ! home ) 8 or h] /rong & beautiful
 p]sonality2 ) love & joy1 ) "w &       
culture2 & ?us to make ! atmosph]e s ri*
 & s pure t ! *ildr5 may calmly delay _!
 *oice & h a high /&>d to *oose by4  ,b 
if p>5ts see t 9 spite ( ?is _! *ildr5  

are tempt$ to confuse accid5t ) de/9y1  
!n !y are call$ ^u to %[ an almo/       
godlike wisdom 9 ord] to div]t ! dang]4 
,9 mo/ cases1 p>5ts consci\sly or       
unconsci\sly play into ! h&s ( !        
accid5tal1 :ile !y raise ob/acles aga9/ 
:at is pr$e/9$4 ,_! w>n+s are n direct$ 
aga9/ :at is sil5t & has no?+ to give2  
no1 !y advance mean & paltry reasons :i*
 ! "y oppose ) all t is be/ 9 _! nature4
 ,?us !y sil5ce _! own uneasy           
intuitions1 :i* _! p>5ts might h induc$ 
!m to foll[ if !y !mselves _h _h a cle>]
 p]ception ( :at 0 ess5tial4  ,ev5 9    
homes :]e !re is mo/ affection1 !       
*ildr51 9 _! /ormy p]iod ( spr+time1 are
 z riddles :i* _! p>5ts (t5 try 9 va9 to
 solve4 ,a "y s\l nev] suff]s s mu* z   
dur+ ! solution ( its own riddle4 ,b    
only su* a fa!r or "m z has succe$$ 9   
becom+ r5ew$ & rejuv5at$ ?r\gh 8 or h]  
*ildr5 w be able to help !m 9 !         
solution4 ,o!rwise ! result w only be t 
! p>5ts on _! side w br+ /ones to ! wall
 :i* ! *ildr5 on !irs are build+ ev]    

high]4  ,ev5 p>5ts :o h n gr[n into     
crabb$ work+-ma*9es2 :o d n use _!      
au?ority because !y h ! means ( p[]1 b  
only because !y possess spiritual       
sup]iority2 :o 9 _! home let _! *ildr5 h
 n only fre$om = gladness b also ! joy (
 fre$om1 w nev]!less _m a "t fall %ort 9
 ! endeav\r to r5d] _! sup]iority       
s]viceable to ! *ildr51 or by _!        
broad-m9d$ness to lib]ate !m f !        
"o-sid$ness ( y\?4 ,& 9 t case !y mu/   
give up ! /ruggle2 = x w n improve !    
difficulties ( ! pres5t1 b only de/roy  
future *ances ( und]/&+4  ,9 ! ?ree     
greate/ decisions to be tak5 9 life--^? 
( ! fundam5tal view ( life1 ( "o's life 
"w1 & ( love--ea* s\l mu/ be its own    
c\nsel4 ,9 ^! matt]s1 p>5ts mu/ re/rict 
_! au?ority to sav+ _! *ildr5 f vital   
dang]s2 b !y mu/ also be able to discov]
 su* dang]s1 & to diff]5tiate pr(\nd f  
sup]ficial ne$s1 ! high-road f !        
by-road4 ,if _! p>5ts are n capable (   
?is1 !n ! *ildr5 mu/ p]=m _! duty to    
!mselves & to life1 by--soon] or        

lat]--go+ _! own way4  ,if1 l a "y c\ple
 9 a simil> case1 ! *ildr5 c 8smile & be
 sil5t10 :ile %[+ _! s]i\sness 9 _!     
actions1 !n !y w probably be capable (  
educat+ _! p>5ts4 ,9 t case1 x w        
frequ5tly be app>5t t ! he>t ( a fa!r or
 "m 0 /rong]1 _! s\l great] ?an ei!r    
*ild or p>5ts _h believ$ be=e ! te/ 0   
made4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 x %\ld prove t !
 faults & prejudices ( ! p>5ts 7 ! sole 
cause ( ! conflict1 !n ^! faults &      
prejudices are n entitl$ to any m       
respect because !y are ^? ( a fa!r or   
"m4  ,b ev5 if x %\ld be ! case t !     
p>5ts h no s\ls capable ( pr(\nd feel+1 
b only he>ts :i* c ble$--x is nev]!less 
! duty ( ! *ild t[>ds itself1 & t[>ds   
pa/ & future g5]ations1 to give to its  
own nature ! highe/ possible p]fection  
?r\gh love4 ,p>5ts are only a l9k 9 !   
inf9ite *a9 ( ! race3 x is ! blood (    
hundr$s ( ?\s&s t ! p>5ts h transmitt$  
to _! *ildr51 :o n[ 9 _! turn are to    
pass x on4 ,*ildr5 h high] duties t[>ds 
all ^! dead & unborn be+s ?an !y h t[>ds

 ! s+le c\ple :o became _! fa!r & "m4 ,x
 behooves ! "y to let all ^! dead ones  
live aga9 z fully z possible ?r\gh !    
developm5t ( _! own be+ & 9 ! blood ( _!
 *ildr54 ,a human be+ may owe a great]  
debt ( gratitude = 8 own nature to 8    
gr&mo!r's he>t or to 8 gr&fa!r's        
imag9ation ?an to 8 own n>r[-he>t$ "m or
 un9tellig5t fa!r4 ,s f> is x f be+ an  
inv>iable duty to br+ joy to ! p>5ts1 t 
x may be "o's duty to br+ !m sorr[--9   
ord] to br+ joy to "o's successors4 ,x  
is a good ?+ to hon\r "o's fa!r & "m2 b 
! comm&m5t :i* ,moses =got is m         
important /ill3 to hon\r "o's son &     
daught] ev5 be=e !y are born4  ,:5 !    
s5se ( ! dead & ( ! unborn becomes a    
consci\s motive ( human action1 ?r\gh   
be+ a =ce 9 human emotion1 !n ! claim ( 
! p>5ts to decide _! *ildr5's life--z   
well z ! claim ( ! latt] to decide t (  
_! p>5ts--w gradually fall to pieces    
be=e ! maje/y ( ! pa/ & ( ! future4   ,x
 results f ! =ego+ t any doctr9e (      
morality is ( little wor? :i* does n    

involve ! ne$ ( provid+ ! means (       
m>riage = heal?y p]sons betwe5 ! ages ( 
tw5ty & ?irty2 a possibility :i* 0      
possess$ )\t exception by ! ,g]manic    
ance/ors ^: example ( ab/95ce is n[     
appeal$ to4  ,s long z increas+ly       
difficult exam9ations1 ! scale ( pay 9  
gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts1 ! division ( pr(its 
9 bus9ess1 & ! g5]al rate ( liv+1 /& 9 !
 way ( "y p's *ances ( m>riage1 ?+s w   
rema9 z !y are1 9 spite ( an increas+   
m9ority ( m5 :o1 = _! own p]sonality's  
sake or = t ( _! love1 ma9ta9 ab/95ce   
until m>riage or rema9 celibate4  ,!    
abolition ( ?is sacrifice to ! /ate (   
society & civilisation is a matt] (     
suffici5t importance to ! individual1 b 
( inf9itely great] importance to        
society1 ^: =ces are n[ be+ wa/$ by !   
effects ( immorality & *eck$ by ^? (    
morality3 society1 ^: /r5g? dep5ds to   
su* a great degree ^u "y & heal?y p>5ts 
= ! new g5]ation4  ,ev5 "u actual       
conditions1 ! *ances ( m>riage = "y p   
might be increas$ by a judici\s         

realisation ( ! 8own home0 idea 9 c\ntry
 di/ricts2 by a %ort5+ ( ! univ]sity    
c\rse2 by ! rais+ ( sal>ies 9 ! l[]     
rat+s 7!y appe> at pres5t to be         
calculat$ ^u ! satisfaction ( sexual    
ne$s ?r\gh pro/itution72 by ! grant+ (  
p5sions at an e>li] age1 s t ! high]    
rates ( pay may be rea*$ 9 middle       
age--:5 ! burd5 ( educat+ *ildr5 is     
heavie/2--& by increas$ exemption f     
taxation = m5 & wom5 :o h to provide = a
 family4  ,9 addition1 a ?or\gh *ange 9 
social pret5sions & habits ( life is    
necess>y1 above all 9 ! l>ge t[ns1 :]e  
build+ societies = ! erection ( small   
flats ) common kit*51 (fices = provid+  
dome/ic help1 paid by ! h\r1 &          
co-op]ative societies = ! *eap] supply (
 ! necess>ies ( life1 might consid]ably 
assi/ "y p 9 e/abli%+ _! homes4 ,x is1  
h[ev]1 n only ?is1 b also communal      
employm5t t mu/ be promot$1 if m5 ( ab\t
 tw5ty-five are to be ready to ent] ^u  
_! v>i\s occupations &--aft] ?irty-five 
ye>s 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,/ate--to be entitl$

 to _! p5sions1 b at ! same "t "u !     
obligation to retire1 except 9 ! r>e    
cases :]e special tal5t r5d]s a p]son   
indisp5sable 9 "s lead+ position4 ,!    
exp]i5ce a man has ga9$1 & ! /r5g? t is 
left to him1 w\ld f9d full employm5t 9  
o!r social affairs or 9 p]sonal int]e/s4
  ,x is n aga9/ immoral lit]ature1 b    
aga9/ ! ,treasury1 ! ,budget ,committee 
& aga9/ private employ]s ( lab\r t moral
 re=m]s %\ld draw up _! resolutions4 ,s 
long z a bus9ess man is able to make two
 or ?ree millions a ye> net pr(it :ile (
 ^? employ$ 9 8 (fice sc>cely two or    
?ree are s paid t !y c ?9k ( m>riage    
be=e ! age ( ?irty2 s long z ! head ( a 
gov]nm5t dep>tm5t c reply1 to !         
application ( a class ( (ficials = an   
increase ( sal>y 9 ord] to facilitate   
m>riage1 by a graci\s promise ( m       
frequ5t leave to g to t[n2 or an employ]
 refuse a female employee's dem& = a    
raise ( sal>y ) a gallant ref]5ce to !  
ease ) :i*-- ) h] advantages (          
appe>ance--%e might increase h] income2 

s long w ! m>riage "q rema9 unsolv$4    
,all prea*+ ( morality to y\? :i* does n
 at ! same "t condemn ! /ate ( society t
 fav\rs immorality1 b makes !           
realisation ( y\?ful love an            
impossibility1 is m ?an /upidity1 x is a
 crime4  ,s long z ! pres5t l[ rates (  
pay & unc]ta9 conditions ( employm5t    
cont9ue1 ! blood ( m5 w cont9ue m & m to
 be corrupt$1 & t ( wom5 to be          
impov]i%$1 :ile wait+ = ! m>riage :i*   
might h giv5 to society excell5t *ildr5 
born ( heal?y & happy p>5ts4 ,s long z  
societies ?us fatu\sly sacrifice _!     
highe/ values w e o!r k9d ( social re=m 
be no?+ b a "w ( ,p5elope1 ( :i* ! night
 w undo :at ! day has done4     ,,*apt] 
,,iv  ,,love',s ,,selection   ,9 ! =ego+
 *apt] x 0 insi/$ t love's fre$om 9 !   
procreation ( new life mu/ h a d[nw>d   
limit1 9 t ?is fre$om c only be all[$ to
 ^? :o h atta9$ ! age ( sexual maturity4
 ,b x ought also to h an upw>d limit1   
s9ce a great diff]5ce 9 age betwe5 fa!r 
& "m--l ! advanc$ age ( "o ( !m--(f]s   

unfav\rable conditions = ! heal?1 /r5g?1
 & upbr++ ( ! *ildr54 ,& z1 = reasons   
giv5 9 ! la/ *apt]1 ! lawful age (      
m>riage = bo? sexes mu/ be put at       
tw5ty-"o1 a diff]5ce 9 age ( tw5ty-five 
ye>s %\ld be ! highe/ ! law ought to    
all[ 9 "o or ! o!r case4  ,no "o :o sees
 ! mean+ ( life 9 its advance t[>ds     
high] =ms w\ld dispute n[adays ! obvi\s 
duty ( n transmitt+ s]i\s diseases !    
h]$it>9ess ( :i* is already asc]ta9$ by 
sci5ce4 ,b z ?is has only be5 asc]ta9$ 9
 a few cases1 legal h9drances z reg>ds !
 _m d\btful cases w\ld be n only        
a--p]haps mean+less--int]f]5ce ) ! life 
( ! individual1 b also an unfav\rable   
circum/ance = cont9u$ rese>* 9 ! mo/    
important bran* ( biology4  ,:at ought  
to be insi/$ ^u ev5 n[ is t ea* p>ty    
be=e m>riage %\ld possess full k ( its  
possible dang]s1 b t ! *oice %\ld       
!reupon be left to _! own s5se (        
responsibility4 ,no "o--at lea/ n yet--c
 ask ! individual to sacrifice 8        
happ9ess = conte/$ possibilities2 b 9 ! 

int]e/s ( ! individual1 z ( t ( ! race1 
we c1 on ! o!r h&1 dem& t no "o %all    
make 8 *oice 9 love 9 ignorance4 ,& ! m 
! s5se ( racial community approa*es its 
r5aissance "u ! influ5ce ( evolutionism1
 ! m natural w all safegu>ds appe> ) :i*
 t *oice may be surr\nd$ to ! advantage 
( po/]ity4 ,ev5 n[ x is consid]$ q      
natural t a m$ical exam9ation %\ld      
prec$e life insurance4 ,9 ! future x may
 be equally obvi\s t be=e m>riage !     
woman %\ld asc]ta9 f a female doctor & !
 man f a male doctor :e!r !y are capable
 ( fulfill+ _! duty to ! race4 ,& x is n
 only a "q ( insur+ ! new lives1 b also 
( assur+ ! c\ple !mselves t !y h no     
organic defects :i* 9 "s in/ances might 
make m>riage impossible1 :i* 9 o!rs are 
easily avoidable1 b ignorance reg>d+ :i*
 w\ld 9 ea* case entail unnecess>y      
suff]+4  ,9 mo/ cases x is ! anxiety (  
"o's self contract+ or transmitt+       
diseases to ! o!r p>ty & to ! *ildr5 t !
 physician has to confirm or dispel4 ,x 
is beyond all "q t heal?y selfi%ness1   

:i* desires to pres]ve its own          
individuality1 z well z ! gr[+          
appreciation ( a wor?y (fspr+1 w !n h9d]
 _m an unsuitable m>riage4 ,9 o!r cases 
love might triumph ov] ^! consid]ations 
= its own "p1 ! m>ri$ c\ple ab/a9+1     
h[ev]1 f p>5tage4 ,9 ^? cases1 aga91 :]e
 ! law w\ld def9itely =bid m>riage1 ?is 
w\ld d\btless be no h9drance to diseas$ 
p hav+ (fspr+ outside w$lock4 ,b ! same 
is true1 ( c\rse1 ( all legal enactm5ts3
 ! be/ p d n require !m1 ! wor/ d n obey
 !m1 b ?r\gh !m ! ideas ( ju/ice ( !    
majority are cultivat$4  ,only ^? :o are
 ignorant ( ! laws ( psy*ological       
trans=mation d\bt ! possibility ( !     
simultane\s enhancem5t ( ! feel+ ( love 
& ! racial s5se4 ,c5tury aft] c5tury !  
emotion ( love has be5 gr[+1 :ile at !  
same "t m5 h nev]!less sacrific$ x to   
religi\s prejudices1 sup]ficial ideas ( 
duty1 tyrannical p>5tal au?ority1 &     
empty =ms4 ,n[1 :5 ! sacrifice is call$ 
= on behalf ( ! highe/ ( possible       
ga9s--! conque/ ( disease by heal?1 !   

ennobl+ ( ! human body itself--n[1 ( all
 times1 x is ass]t$ t mank9d w\ld be    
incapable ( ?is sacrifice--because 9 !  
c\rse ( "t ! p[] ( love has increas$4   
,on ! contr>y1 x is ?r\gh ! greatness ( 
_! feel+ = ea* o!r t two m>ri$ p c be> !
 loss ( *ildr51 :5--kn[+ t nei!r ( !m   
?us deprives ! race ( a mat]ial         
asset--!y ent] ^u _! union ) ! resolve n
 to become p>5ts4 ,?r\gh ! same         
greatness 9 _! love1 ! p>ty on ^: side !
 dang] lies may ga9 /r5g? to sacrifice  
individual happ9ess 9 ord] t ! o!r may  
ga9 a happ9ess m significant to himself 
& to ! race ) "s "o else4 ,su*          
sacrifices occur ev5 n[ m frequ5tly ?an 
is suppos$4  ,b above all x is !        
ext5sion ( ! in/9ct ( love ?r\gh !      
racial s5se :i* w secure ! ennobl+ ( !  
race )\t sacrific+ individual happ9ess4 
,! po9t ( view ( racial ennobl+ f\nd    
expression ev5 9 ! ,mosaic m>riage law4 
,9 anci5t ,greece also ?is ennobl+ 0 a  
consci\s factor4 ,b ,*ri/ianity's       
insi/5ce on ! importance ( ! individual 

& ( humanity weak5$ ! feel+ ( !         
individual = ! race1 z did likewise !   
doctr9e ( s\ls suppli$ to ! bodies f    
heav5 & return+ ?i!r4 ,x 0 only ?r\gh ! 
enhancem5t ( man's spiritual =ce1 by !  
mortification ( 8 s9ful body1 t         
,*ri/ianity rais$ ! quality ( ! race4 ,!
 doctr9e ( h]$it>y s9 0 its             
only--half-rational &                   
half-irrational--insi/5ce on our        
connection ) our ance/ors4 ,s9ce        
,*ri/ianity reg>d$ ! human species z    
once = all det]m9$ by ,god--?\gh bungl$ 
by ,adam--re/oration1 n new creation1 01
 z already /at$1 its fundam5tal idea4 ,9
 ! v conditions ( ! r5ewal ( life       
,*ri/ianity saw ! root & orig9 ( s9 9 ! 
_w4 ,?is way ( view+ ?+s mu/ be entirely
 ov]come2 & =tunately ! *ur* has (      
necessity lo/--& w cont9ue to lose--9 e 
conflict ) love4 ,b 9 ?is way ! advance 
takes place by a turn+-aside f ! direct 
l9e ( developm5t3 ! enhancem5t ( ! race4
 ,at ! pres5t "t _m symptoms %[ t love &
 ! racial s5se are beg9n+ to approa* "o 

ano!r4  ,:5ev] ab/ract1 logical ?\ght   
confronts real life ) a problem t admits
 ( only two solutions1 ! latt] ass]ts   
its pr\d det]m9ation n to all[ itself to
 be conf9$ )9 def9itions or rul$ by     
d$uctions4 ,life is movem5t1 movem5t    
implies v>iability1 trans=mation1 9 o!r 
words1 developm5t 9 an upw>d or d[nw>d  
direction4 ,nev] w ! upw>d curve assume 
a m pron\nc$ elevation ?an :5 ! desire (
 procreation has rea*$ ! po9t at :i* x  
is direct$ by ! selection ( p]sonal     
love1 ?is selection aga9 be+ direct$ by 
a cle>-sight$ in/9ct t5d+ to ! ennobl+ (
 ! race4  ,t ! *oice ( p]sonal love at  
pres5t appe>s (t5 ei!r to lack or to    
oppose ?is in/9ct1 is no pro( t x w     
always lack or oppose x4 ,love's        
selection has already 9 c]ta9 cases--su*
 z ^? ( ne> blood-relations1 diff]5t    
races1 & c]ta9 diseases--become an      
in/9ct1 s9ce law & cu/om h influ5c$     
selection suffici5tly long = ?is to h   
influ5c$ feel+ & in/9ct4 ,at ! pres5t "t
 bro!r & si/]--s9ce !y are aw>e ( _!    

relation%ip--seldom h to suppress a     
mutual erotic feel+1 z su* a ?+ does n  
arise4 ,no prohibition1 b only all !    
impulses ( h] blood1 h9d] ! ,am]ican    
woman f m>ry+ a negro or a ,*9ese4 ,!   
woman :o is kn[n to h epilepsy is       
exclud$ f m>riage less by ! law1 9 ?is  
case easily circumv5t$1 ?an by ! fact t 
no man wants h] z 8 wife4 ,on ! o!r h&1 
x is kn[n t "u conditions fav\rable to !
 cultivation ( ! beauty & /r5g? ( !     
human body1 ?is has 9 a great degree    
influ5c$ ! erotic selection ( ei!r      
sex--s f> z !y o!rwise possess$ fre$om (
 *oice4 ,! law ( inh]itance1 :i* makes x
 easy = ! deg5]ate to contract m>riage1 
& wom5's ne$ ( ma9t5ance h1 on ! o!r h&1
 falsifi$ ! in/9ct ( ! latt] 9 ?is      
direction4 ,! prevail+ cu/oms & ideas ( 
morality h z a rule depriv$ future mo!rs
 ( _! full fre$om ( *oice & ?us to a    
great ext5t neutralis$ ! importance (   
womanly love's selection = ! spiritual &
 bodily improvem5t ( ! race4 ,to ?is mu/
 be add$ t ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e (         

frat]nity1 ! eighte5?-c5tury doctr9e (  
equality1 ! transf]5ce ( economical p[] 
to ! ?ird e/ate--9 a ^w1 ! :ole         
democratisation ( society--h brok5 d[n !
 laws & cu/oms :i* prev5t$ ! mix+ (     
blood betwe5 diff]5t classes & races4   
,?is has c]ta9ly fav\r$ ! selection (   
p]sonal love1 b at ! same "t1 to a      
great] ext5t ?an =m]ly1 x has fav\r$ a  
selection gov]n$ by pecuni>y            
consid]ations4 ,9 ! m>riages :i* 7 =m]ly
 a matt] ( family arrangem5t1 _m o!r    
advantages1 besides ^? ( money1 7 tak5  
into consid]ation4 ,b 9 ?is case also1 z
 9 t ( ! m>riage ( ne> relations1 x 0   
less & less a cle>-sight$ solicitude to 
pres]ve noble blood1 m & m an empty     
pride ( bir?1 a n>r[ race-prejudice1 t  
rais$ ob/acles to m>riage4 ,x 0 ?us     
necess>y = love's selection to conqu] ^!
 ob/ructions1 :i* 9 addition1 ev5 f !   
po9t ( view ( racial enhancem5t1 7 (t5 (
 d\btful value4 ,b all ! m mu/ we       
deplore ! influ5ce ( money 9 det]m9+    
matrimonial selection1 above all :5 ?is 

influ5ce makes itself felt at ! co/ ( ! 
incl9ation :i* love %[s1 9 spite (      
ev]y?+1 ( mak+ its *oice by pref]5ce    
among equals2 an incl9ation :i*--besides
 o!r easily explicable causes-- may also
 imply an in/9ct develop$ 9 ! c\rse (   
g5]ations1 t5d+ to ! pres]vation ( ! be/
 peculi>ities 9 a class or a race4      
,s9ce ,*ri/ianity & ! civilisation      
influ5c$ by x mode/ly veil$ ! natural   
mission ( love & obscur$ x by           
transc5d5talism1 mank9d began to be     
a%am$ ev5 ( self-exam9ation or          
self-confession 9 ?is relation4 ,we     
ought aga9 to pay att5tion to family    
hi/ory1 ?\gh n to su* z us$ to be       
record$ 9 old family ,bibles1 ) ! dates 
( bir?1 m>riage1 & dea?1 b su* a hi/ory 
z %\ld include ! circum/ances :i*       
det]m9$ bir? & dea?4 ,we mu/ resume !   
ca/+ ( horoscopes1 b n s mu* accord+ to 
! signs 9 ! heav5s--al?\gh p]haps ^! w  
rega9 some?+ ( _! =m] importance--z     
accord+ to ^? on e>?2 & n only f ! signs
 at bir? b f ^? long previ\s to x4 ,j z 

al*emy became *emi/ry & a/rology l$ to  
a/ronomy1 x is possible t su* a read+ ( 
signs might prep>e ! way = :at we may   
call--:ile wait+ = a ^w ( m ext5d$ mean+
 ?an ,galton's eug5ics or ,haeckel's    
ontogony--erotopla/ics3 ! doctr9e ( love
 z a consci\sly =mative art1 in/ead ( a 
bl9d in/9ct ( procreation4 ,x w\ld be ( 
inf9itely great] significance = humanity
 if ! majority ( ! wom51 :o n[ translate
 _! exp]i5ces into half-c&id & :olly    
in>ti/ic fiction1 7 to write d[n = !    
b5efit ( sci5ce entirely true family    
*ronicles & p]fectly frank confessions4 
,x is c]ta9 ev5 n[ t ! cu/oms & ways (  
?\ght1 ! arti/ic & emotional t5d5cies1  
:i* make up ! atmosph]e ( love1         
unconsci\sly op]ate ^u its selection to 
! advantage ( ! race4 ,?is also involves
 ! possibility ( su* influ5ce becom+    
consci\s1 :5 once x is cle>ly se5 9 :at 
direction x ought to g1 :i* are !       
spiritual & bodily prop]ties t x is     
desir$ to eradicate or to enhance1 & by 
:at means ! prop]ties ( ! new g5]ation  

may dep5d ^u ! *oice ( p>5ts4 ,b above  
all1 racial consid]ations w op]ate      
indirectly 9 ! same direction1 s t love 
w be less & less likely to arise "u     
conditions unfav\rable to ! race4 ,man  
is n inw>dly a logical creature3 les    
entrailles ne raisonn5t pas1 elles ne   
sont pas faites p\r a 7,george ,s&74 ,b 
by degrees our nature becomes           
unconsci\sly trans=m$ ?r\gh reciprocal  
influ5ces3 ! body toge!r ) ! s\l1 ! s\l 
toge!r ) ! body2 ! desires ?r\gh !      
?\ghts1 ! ?\ghts ?r\gh ! desires4 ,x is 
true t love's selection w always rema9 a
 my/]y--f ?is among _m o!r causes1      
equally or m important4 ,b ! individual 
& univ]sal qualities :i* 9 ! ma9 act z  
an attraction w gradually be m cle>ly   
p]ceiv$1 m s\ght aft] by bo? sexes1 & w 
h m weight 9 det]m9+ _! *oice4  ,we h   
already se5 t a displacem5t ( motives1 a
 division ( motive p[]1 has dur+ a c]ta9
 p]iod alt]$ ! "* ( love4 ,?us1 z po9t$ 
out above1 ! influ5ce ( ! _s ( ! age 0  
able dur+ ! age ( *ivalry1 & aga9 dur+ !

 eighte5? c5tury1 to sep>ate love bo? f 
m>riage & f ! mission ( ! race4 ,by !   
same psy*ic process a new _s ( !        
age--full ( ! aspirations ( evolution & 
det]m9$ by ! religion ( life--may re/ore
 ?is connection & make x clos] ?an ev]  
be=e4 ,!n w mank9d look = a new ,blake  
to glorify ! feel+ ( devotion :i* fills 
he>ts & s\ls at ! co9cid+ selection (   
p]sonal love & ( ! racial s5se1 a       
co9cid5ce :i* alone gives ! c]ta9ty t   
,i am = y1 & y are = me1   ,n only = our
 own sake1 b = o!rs' sakes1   ,envelop'd
 9 y deep great] h]oes & b>ds1   ,!y    
refuse to awake at ! t\* ( any man b    
me4#c  ,religion1 poetry1 art1 & social 
cu/om h collaborat$ to elevate ! racial 
feel+ into love4 ,!y ought n[ to        
collaborate aga9 to make ! racial feel+ 
consci\s 9 love4 ,! alt>s t ! anci5ts   
rais$ to ! div9ities ( procreation mu/  
be rebuilt4 ,n = m5 & wom5 to assemble  
ar\nd !m 9 fr5zi$ orgies1 9 ! r$ gl[ (  
sunset1 b 9 ! gold5 light ( ! morn+ & ! 
joy ( creative day4  ,family feel+1     

ance/or-wor%ip1 pride ( pure blood w    
rega91 9 a new s5se1 _! decisive p[] ov]
 emotions & actions4  ,?us w love's     
fre$om be limit$--b n ?r\gh ideali/ic   
philosophy's ab/ract conceptions (      
citiz5%ip & duty1 nor yet ?r\gh !       
h>d-&-fa/ bre$+ rules ( a ,sp>tan       
evolutionism4  ,fre$om = love's         
selection1 "u conditions fav\rable to ! 
race2 limitation ( ! fre$om1 n ( love1 b
 ( procreation1 :5 ! conditions are     
unfav\rable to ! race--?is is ! l9e (   
life4  ,love1 l e o!r emotion1 has its  
ebb & fl[4 ,?us1 ev5 9 ! greate/ s\ls1 x
 is n always at ! same height4 ,b !     
great] ! s\l t ! wave ( erotic emotion  
inundates1 ! m surely does ?is wave     
quiv] at its highe/ ) ! long+ ( et]nity4
 ,! *ild is ! only true answ] to ?is    
long+4  ,?is does n mean t lov]s 9 !    
mom5ts ( rapture divide _! consci\sness 
betwe5 ! pres5t & ! future1 betwe5 _!   
own bliss & ! possible *ild4 ,! life ( !
 s\l does n "w s awkw>dly z ?is4 ,b !   
consci\s conditions ( ! s\l are det]m9$ 

by emotions--r$uc$ = ! mom5t to         
unconsci\sness2 & motives1 :i* are      
=gott5 9 ! h\r ( fulfilm5t1 h n !re=e   
be5 less decisive4 ,! a?lete 9 ! mom5t (
 victory does n rememb] ! tra9+ :i*     
prec$$ 8 race1 b x 0 nev]!less t :i*    
decid$ ! fate ( t mom5t4 ,! arti/ 9 !   
h\r ( creation does n rememb] ! toil ( 8
 /ud5t ye>s1 b t nev]!less det]m9es !   
p]fection ( 8 creation4 ,! w to ennoble 
! race ne$ n be consci\s 9 a pair (     
lov]s1 :o 9 ea* o!r =get "t & exi/5ce1 b
 )\t ! emotions1 :i*1 consci\sly or     
unconsci\sly1 h be5 influ5c$ by t w1 !y 
w\ld n be unit$ 9 an ec/asy ( ! s\l & ! 
s5ses4   ,"y m5 are becom+ increas+ly   
consci\s t ! ?\ght ( ! *ild influ5c$ !m 
9 _! *oice ( love2 wom5 are increas+ly  
aw>e t nev] 0 _! long+ = a *ild /rong]  
?an 9 ! embrace ( ! man to :om !y h be5 
attract$ by a great love4 ,m & m (t5 d  
mo!rs se>* ! features & s\ls ( _! *ildr5
 = evid5ce ( _! love4 ,m & m (t5 does "o
 he> ! unm>ri$ woman confess ! hungry   
long+ = mo!rhood1 :i* a few decades ago 

%e conceal$ z a %ame4  ,e awak5$ s\l    
p]ceives t ! consci\sness ( ! "t        
compreh5ds ! mission ( ! race ) a new   
int5sity1 al?\gh c5turies mu/ pass be=e 
x c be prov$ :at influ5ce love's free   
selection has _h ^u ! production ( be+s 
above ! pres5t /&>d ( humanity4  ,ev5 f 
believ]s 9 ! religion ( life w>n+s are  
/ill he>d aga9/ ! love :i* is a matt] ( 
p]sonal *oice1 :i* excludes all else1 & 
:i* dissolves all =m] ties4             
,evolutioni/s ?us admit t ?is emotion   
c]ta9ly produces 9 ! individual ! highe/
 possible developm5t ( =ce1 ! fulle/    
ri*ness ( life1 & t ?is indirectly & 9  
_m ways is to ! good ( ! :ole4 ,b at !  
same "t !y ass]t t love itself (t5      
consumes ^! enhanc$ p[]s2 t x ought     
!re=e only to occupy a brief p]iod (    
human life & %\ld n be all[$ any        
decisive importance 9 %ap+ ! c\rse (    
life1 s9ce ?is w\ld be to ! detrim5t ( !
 new g5]ation4 ,_! special objection to 
love is1 t j z mona/ic life & ! celibacy
 ( ! cl]gy dur+ ! ,middle ,ages & d[n to

 ! pres5t day h depriv$ ! race (        
excell5t qualities--s9ce ! mo/ gift$ (t5
 *oose ! calm ( ! cloi/] or ! call ( !  
prie/hood--s n[ _m ( ! be/ m5 & wom5 are
 kept f m>riage by ! dream or by ! loss 
( a great love's happ9ess4  ,f9ally1 f !
 po9t ( view ( evolution>y e?ics1 n only
 ! desire ( great love1 exclud+ all     
else1 b monogamy itself has be5 attack$4
 ,?is purely sci5tific l9e ( ?\ght has  
at pres5t no consci\s "p 9 ! utt]ances (
 :at is call$ ! 8new immorality10 all ! 
less z ! sci5tific reason+ lays /ress ^u
 ! po9t t if mank9d is to ab&on         
monogamy1 :i* has possess$ su* enorm\s  
advantages1 !n ?is mu/ be done ) a      
consci\s purpose1 to fur!r ! developm5t 
( ! :ole race1 n ! passions (           
individuals4  ,b if ?is evolutioni/ic   
reason+ be conc$$1 !n x w result 9 a    
trans=mation ( society's view ( love's  
fre$om ( *oice1 bo? 9 ! direction (     
ext5sion & ( limitation4 ,mu* ( :at is  
n[ call$ ! 8new immorality0 may !n appe>
 z ! unconsci\s self-protection ( ! race

 aga9/ a deg5]ation =c$ ^u x by ! cu/oms
 & arrangem5ts ( society4   ,aga9/ !    
future claims ( evolutionism1 h[ev]1 !  
conviction ass]ts itself t p]sonal love1
 ! great creation ( culture1 w n        
disappe>2 & !reby ! dang] ( polygamy is 
remov$4 ,x mu/ !re=e cont9ue to be      
love's selection :i* w occasion ! e?ical
 8adult]ies0 j allud$ to1 b x w be a    
love det]m9$ by ! po9t ( view ( !       
ennobl+ ( ! race4 ,at pres5t ! claims ( 
evolution 9 ?is respect h sc>cely begun 
to be p]ceiv$1 /ill less h !y succe$$ 9 
ex]cis+ a trans=m+ influ5ce on moral    
op9ion1 :i* w p]haps "o day apply 9 ?is 
connection ,plato's say+3 t :at is      
useful is fit1 & :at is hurtful is      
%ameful4 ,:]e good reasons exi/ = n     
outw>dly dissolv+ ! m>riage1 ! "r may   
p]haps be admitt$ :i* ev5 n[ a man or   
woman has "h & !re appropriat$3 t (     
becom+ a fa!r by ano!r woman1 or a "m by
 ano!r man1 s9ce !y !mselves h a        
passionate long+ = a *ild & are em95tly 
suit$ = p>5tage1 b h be5 depriv$ ( its  

joys because ! wife or husb& has be5    
want+ 9 ^! possibilities4  ,ev5 n[ p    
beg9 to p]ceive ! psy*ological          
ju/ification ( ! (t-repeat$ exp]i5ce t a
 man--sometimes also a woman--c at !    
same "t & 9 a diff]5t way love m ?an "o1
 s9ce ! great love1 ! love :i* is "o &  
indivisible & p]vades _! :ole be+ = ev]1
 has n be5 giv5 to !m4 ,ev5 n[ su*      
conflicts are solv$ 9 a new way--!re are
 examples ( x kn[n ?r\gh\t ,europe--n z 
,lu!r solv$ x = ,philip ( ,hesse1 :o    
kept ! wife t _h j borne him a n9? *ild1
 :ile secretly w$d+ a new "o1 b z ,goe! 
fir/ int5d$ to br+ ab\t ! solution 9    
,/ella3 t ! wife1 )\t any op5 rupture1  
%\ld /ep aside2 t ! devotion1 ! t5d]ness
 ( memories1 :i* unit$ h] & h] husb&1   
%\ld /ill r5d] possible _! meet+ n[ & !n
 z fri5ds1 9 a common c>e = _! *ildr51  
al?\gh ! husb& _h contract$ a new       
matrimonial relation to ano!r woman4  ,f
 ! *ildr5's po9t ( view su* a solution  
may come to be look$ ^u 9 ! future z m  
desirable--& m wor?y ( respect--?an x   

seems n[4   ,! new sexual morality--:]e 
! light1 z 9 ,correggio's ,night1 w     
radiate f ! *ild--may1 h[ev]1 cont9ue to
 uphold s+le love z ! ideal = ! highe/  
happ9ess & developm5t bo? ( ! lov]s & ( 
! *ildr54 ,x has already be5 cont5d$ t  
?is is ! direction 9 :i* ! evolution (  
love is mov+4 ,b we mu/ likewise        
admit--& always = ! well-be+ ( ! race z 
well z ( ! individual--t love may take  
l[] z well z high] =ms )\t our be+      
oblig$ to reg>d ! =m] z immoral4 ,:5 !  
po9t ( view ( ! ennobl+ ( ! race has    
p5etrat$ ! e?ical ideas ( mank9d1 !     
foll[+ may be describ$ z immoral1 ) a   
=ce at pres5t unsuspect$3  ,all p>5tage 
)\t love2  ,all irresponsible p>5tage2  
,all p>5tage ( immature or deg5]ate     
p]sons2  ,all volunt>y /]ility ( m>ri$ p
 fitt$ = ! mission ( ! race2 & f9ally   
,all su* manife/ations ( sexual life z  
involve viol5ce or s$uction1 & entail   
unwill+ness or incapacity to fulfil !   
mission ( ! race4  ,b1 on ! o!r h&1     
society w admit1 ) a fre$om :olly       

diff]5t f t n[ exi/+1 ! union ( p1 n    
only 9 _! be/ ye>s1 b also 9 _! be/     
feel+s2 x w p]ceive ! pres5t h9drances  
to be an inju/ice :i* falls n only ^u ! 
individuals b ^u society itself--s9ce   
connubial unhapp9ess n only int]f]es ) !
 highe/ developm5t ( _m p's p[]s = !    
good ( all1 b x also deprives society ( 
! *ildr5 to :om life might h be5 giv5 by
 a new happ9ess4  ,x is ?r\gh its view (
 ! social importance ( love's selection 
t ! new morality w be a trans=m+ =ce4   
,t a pione] ( re=m :o puts 8 ideas into 
practice may be a dang]\s example is    
c]ta94 ,x is possible to be fully       
conv9c$ ( ! future (1 = in/ance1 ! art (
 fly+1 )\t !re=e d5y+ ! dang]s (        
exp]im5t or enc\rag+ p to jump (f       
*ur*-t[]s ) no?+ b a pair ( goose-w+s on
 _! %\ld]s4  ,no ?or\gh re%ap+ (        
emotions & cu/oms takes place accord+ to
 dogmas & programmes2 ?is "o lea/ ( all4
 ,b no o!r motive p[] exi/s :i* w f9ally
 induce all--! small & ! great1 ! weak &
 ! /rong-- to foll[ ! l9e ( developm5t1 

except ! increas$ fre$om ( *oice (      
p]sonal love1 ) a correspond+ly increas$
 c]ta9ty z reg>ds ! influ5ce ( t *oice  
^u ! welf>e ( ! race4 ,= unless love    
cont9u$ to be ! condition ( morality1 ! 
cause ( selection1 ! new humanity w\ld  
gradually lose advantages already ga9$4 
,nei!r ! 8bre$+ in/itute0 nor 8fre$om ( 
pair+0 is capable ( enhanc+ ! spiritual 
& bodily res\rces ( mank9d 9 a univ]sal1
 p]man5t1 & organic way4 ,love alone c d
 ?is4  ,x is true t x has yet to be     
prov$ t love--o!r conditions be+        
equal--produces ! be/ *ildr54 ,b ?is w  
"o day be prov$4  ,?is k is = ! pres5t  
only intuition4 ,b s are all tru?s 9 !  
beg9n+4 ,moreov]1 possibilities (       
indirect pro( are n want+ ev5 n[4 ,fir/ 
& =emo/ ?is1 t love has n its orig9 9   
human life1 & is n a product (          
civilisation1 b %[s itself already 9 !  
animal _w4 ,among animals x is capable (
 result+ 9 dea? f sorr[ at ! loss ( a   
mate1 z also 9 o!r emotional ph5om5a (  
human life4 ,x may ev5 lead to monogamy1

 al?\gh ) animals z ) human be+s        
monogamy is nei!r a necess>y result (   
love nor an indisp5sable condition (    
developm5t4 ,= _m ( ! high] species (   
animals are polygam\s1 :ile o!rs1 bel[  
!m 9 ! scale1 are monogam\s4 ,if love   
did n involve any great advantage1 x    
might d\btless h aris51 b w\ld n h      
p]si/$1 9 ! face ( ! h9drances :i* its  
p]sonal selection appe>s to put 9 ! way 
( ! ma9t5ance ( ! race4 ,mank9d has ?us 
already br\ght ! emotion ( love f its   
primitive animal /em & graft$ x ^u !    
tree ( civilisation4 ,x has gradually   
be5 ennobl$ & exalt$ into "o ( ! highe/ 
p[]s ( human life4 ,& h[ w\ld ?is gr[+  
importance ( love be possible1 if x     
enhanc$ only ! happ9ess ( ! individual1 
& n also ! life ( ! race8  ,! evolution 
( human love has %[n itself p>tly 9 an  
increas+ly def9ite individualisation 9  
selection1 p>tly 9 a m complete         
admission & enhancem5t ( individual     
qualities4  ,9 o!r words3 p]sonal       
*>act]i/ics h t5d$ m & m to inspire     

love1 & love has m & m develop$ p]sonal 
*>act]i/ics4 ,?is aga9--z already       
admitt$--has result$ 9 m & m individuals
 fail+ to p]=m _! duty to ! race1 ei!r  
because _! feel+1 al?\gh reciprocat$1   
c\ld n lead to m>riage1 or because !    
feel+ 9 "s respect or o!r has be5       
disappo9t$4 ,?is passionate selection ( 
a s+le "o among ! _m by :om--f an       
objective po9t ( view--! duty to ! race 
might equally well h be5 p]=m$1 has ?us 
9 a s5se become anti-social4  ,b su*    
lives1 wa/$ z !y are f ! imm$iate po9t (
 view ( ! ennobl+ ( ! race1 h yet be5   
able to s]ve ! same end indirectly4 ,_m 
( ^! p]sons1 *ildless 9 an ord9>y s5se1 
h left immortal (fspr+4 ,o!rs h %$ ^u ! 
battle-field1 9 w9n+ victories =        
humanity1 ! blood :i* !y nev] saw fl[+ 9
 ! f9e network ( ve9s on a *ild's       
temples4 ,by ! greatness ( _! own ideals
 !y h enl>g$ ! he>ts ( _! fell[-m52 & _!
 c\rage has n _h to s9k be=e !          
possibility ( _! own failure to realise 
_! ideals be+ ca/ 9 _! tee?4 ,!y h b\ght

 _! prophetic p[] at ! highe/ possible  
price3 t ( nev] hav+ _h a happ9ess to   
lose2 & !y be> )\t bitt]ness ! pov]ty   
:i* has made !m ri*] 9 fai?4  ,t _m     
lives--& wor?y lives--are wa/$ ?r\gh    
love is only "o manife/ation ( life's   
imp5etrable t5d5cy to univ]sal          
prodigality4 ,x is "o ) ! great         
necessity1 ^: h& smites & w\nds u s long
 z we curse x1 b c>esses & supports z   
soon z we bless x4  ,we mu/ n look at ! 
victims--ev5 if we ourselves are among  
!m--if we w\ld see ! mean+ ( life 9 life
 itself4 ,we mu/ fix our eyes upw>ds4 ,&
 !n x is c]ta9--s9ce love cont9ually & 9
 spite ( all is ext5d+ its p[]--t       
individual love1 ) all its victims & all
 its mi/akes1 nev]!less 9 ! long run    
assi/s ! elevation ( ! race4   ,! great 
,we/]n prophet ( pessimism argu$ t love 
0 no?+ b a task impos$ 9 ?is fa%ion ^u !
 individual by d] ,g5ius d] ,gattung2 t 
only contradictions attract "o ano!r & t
 ! (fspr+ inh]its ! complem5t>y         
qualities t ea* has s\ght 9 ! o!r4 ,^!  

contradictions--?r\gh ! ho/ility ( :i* !
 p>5ts aft]w>ds make ea* o!r            
unhappy--coalesce & neutralise ea* o!r 9
 ! *ild1 s t ! latt]1 at ! exp5se ( its 
p>5ts1 becomes a well-equipp$1 ri*1 or  
h>moni\s p]sonality4 ,c>ri$ to an       
extreme1 ?is say+ ( ,s*op5hau]'s1 l _m  
o!r su* pregnant ?\ghts1 becomes an     
absurdity4 ,b e "o :o has obs]v$ love   
mu/ h f\nd--long be=e he kn[s1 or )\t   
ev] kn[+1 t ?is exp]i5ce is exalt$ into 
pessimism--t all p[]ful love arises     
betwe5 oppos$ natures4 ,! h>mony t      
results f simil>ity is monoton\s1 poor1 
& moreov] dang]\s to ! developm5t ( !   
individual1 z well z t ( ! race4 ,b :at 
is contr>y is c]ta9ly n always          
conflict+1 al?\gh x may prove s if !    
contr>9ess ext5ds to views ( life & its 
purpose1 its value & conduct4 ,conflict+
 natures are--9 spite ( ,s*op5hau]--n   
unfrequ5tly equally unfav\rable = !     
*ild's disposition & = its br++-up1 & ! 
w ( ! race (t5 fails ( its purpose ?r\gh
 _! v compulsion to unite 9 a love :i*  

is soon turn$ to hatr$4 ,aga91 contr>y  
natures (t5 become conflict+1 ow+ to _! 
turn+ ! wrong side ( _! qualities to ea*
 o!r aft] m>riage1 :ile 9 ! e>ly p]iod (
 love !y _h %[n ea* o!r ! "r side ( ^!  
qualities4 ,t su* a m>riage is unhappy  
is no evid5ce aga9/ love's selection1 b 
a great "o = mank9d's lack ( culture =  
m>riage4 ,t e sympa!tic dissimil>ity    
betwe5 p]sons has a limit1 ! ov]/epp+ ( 
:i* leads fur!r & fur!r t[>ds antipa!tic
 dissimil>ities1 is a psy*ological      
lesson :i* is deeply inculcat$ by       
m>riage4  ,! m1 h[ev]1 ! art ( liv+ is  
develop$1 ! m w human be+s be able to   
m9imise _! own loss ( happ9ess ?r\gh ?is
 selection ( love to ! advantage ( !    
race2 = m>ri$ p w come m & m to delight 
9 & pres]ve ea* o!r's diff]5ces2 to     
re/ra9 ! antipa!tic contradictions 9    
!mselves2 to make m consci\s use ( !    
sympa!tic dissimil>ities 9 ! o!r = !    
completion ( _! own "o-sid$ness2 to     
cease f ! endeav\r1 s ho/ile to         
happ9ess1 ( re=m+ ! o!r accord+ to _!   

own nature4 ,ev5 n[1 moreov]1 ! ne$ (   
sympa?y 9 love is s awak5$1 s s5sitive1 
t ! bl9d passion ar\s$ by ext]nal       
contradictions is less & less able to   
ov]ma/] x4 ,! ne$ ( sympa?y is n[       
quickly w>n$ :5 x enc\nt]s !            
irreconcilable contradictions :i* %[ t  
ea* is on a diff]5t plane ( exi/5ce2 t  
ea* belongs to a diff]5t psy*ological   
p]iod or cont95t or race4 ,?is p]ception
 ev5 n[ *ecks ! developm5t ( love 9 _m  
cases1 :]e ! contradiction really is a  
conflict+ incompatibility1 & n !        
elective aff9ity det]m9$ by nature into 
:i* ent] bo? prim>y dissimil>ities &    
second>y simil>ities4 ,! latt] results 9
 ! lov]s' contradictions =m+ a ri*      
h>mony1 bo? 9 _! own life toge!r & 9 !  
p]sonalities ( _! *ildr54 ,:5 ?is       
attraction ( contradictions has once    
miss$ its m>k1 "o /ill (t5 sees t x is  
"o & ! same type t a p]son w love a     
second or ?ird "t1 or ev5 (t5]1 ) a     
p]si/5ce ( selection :i* makes x true 9 
a way t ! object ( love has all ! "t be5

 ! same woman or man4  ,! rel5tless =ce 
( nature's unit+ w %[s itself n only 9 !
 way love br+s toge!r contradictions 9  
m>riage1 b also 9 ! rupture ( m>riage4  
,a good wife1 m>ri$ to a good husb&1    
lov+ & lov$1 is ?us seiz$ by a passion1 
incompreh5sible to h]self1 = ano!r man4 
,)\t reflection %e gives h]self up to h]
 passion1 to return aga9 to ! husb& %e  
has n ceas$ to love1 b :o nev] inspir$ 9
 h] ! ov]ma/]+ emotion ^:               
purpose--accord+ to ! w ( nature & ( !  
woman h]self--ought to h be5 a *ild4 ,! 
same w ( nature manife/s itself 9 a     
numb] ( ph5om5a1 incompreh5sible to     
o!rs4 ,an intellectual man or woman is  
seiz$ by a passion = a p]son f> inf]ior4
 ,h[ (t5 has n a 8good-look+ fell[0     
vanqui%$ ! mo/ high-s\l$ man 9 !        
affections ( su* a woman2 h[ (t5 h n    
?\ghtless beauty & empty gaiety won f a 
sup]ior man :at ! p]sonality ( an       
exceptional woman c\ld n secure6 ,! :ole
 secret 0 nature's w to c\nt]balance    
c]ebral & n]v\s g5ius by heal?y1 s5su\s 

/r5g?1 to ! advantage ( ! race4 ,z      
sexual love has its orig9 9 ! fact t !  
sexual *>act]s1 :i* biologically are    
fav\rable to ! race1 are ! mo/          
attractive1 ?is g5]al attraction        
con/antly op]ates side by side ) !      
individual2 & x op]ates mo/ /rongly     
precisely 9 t k9d ( love :i* is rightly 
call$ 8bl9d passion10 ! k9d :i* ?us br+s
 toge!r to _! mis=tune conflict+        
contradictions4  ,b !re is no reason to 
d\bt t love's selection 9 ?is case w be 
able to reta9 its in/9ctive sur5ess1    
al?\gh love is cont9ually wid5+ its     
in/9cts ( psy*ical sympa?y also4 ,!     
consequ5ce ( ?is is t ! numb] (         
contradictions :i* may attract w become 
less1 b on ! o!r h& ! few] possibilities
 w be m f9ely adapt$2 t ! selection     
among contradictions w ?us become m & m 
difficult b at ! same "t m & m valuable4
 ,love's selection n[ n infrequ5tly has 
= its result t1 ( two contradictions1   
irresi/ibly unit$ by ! aff9ity ( s\ls1  
"o or bo? does n (f] ! be/ physical     

conditions = *ildr54 ,b to make up = ?is
 ! selection may turn out excell5tly = !
 enhancem5t ( a p>ticul> disposition1 ! 
=mation ( a h>moni\s temp]am5t1 or !    
fo/]+ ( a great spiritual quality4 ,x is
 n only by avoirdupois & y>d-measure t !
 advance ( ! race mu/ be te/$4  ,su* a  
race-enhanc+ selection may1 = example1  
take place ?r\gh ! t5d5cy ( "y wom5 ( ! 
pres5t day to feel or reta9 love less & 
less = a man :o is erotically divid$1   
:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! m5 :o h pres]v$    
unity 9 _! love h m & m prospect ( be+  
attractive to wom54 ,?us1 g5]ation aft] 
g5]ation1 erotic unity may become m & m 
natural ) m51 z 9 ! same way x has      
become s ) wom54 ,man's desire = woman's
 purity has det]m9$ 8 *oice1 & ?is *oice
 has !n ?r\gh h]$ity fur!r advanc$ !    
feel+s ( ! next g5]ation1 until ^! h    
become ! /ronge/ 9 8 erotic in/9cts4 ,! 
cle>e/ consci\sness ( ! inju/ice ( !    
diff]5t moral dem&s on man & woman2 !   
mo/ 8lib]al0 view ( woman's "r to ! same
 fre$om z man1 are 9 ?is case unable to 

vanqui% 8 in/9cts4 ,:5 a man le>ns t !  
woman he loves has giv5 h]self to ano!r 
be=e him1 or t he %>es h] ) ano!r1 8    
feel+ (t5 becomes diseas$ at its root3 !
 w ( sole possession t has gr[n up 9 him
 ?r\gh ! love-selection ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1 
& has n[ be5 fur!r height5$ by ! desire 
= unity ( individual love4  ,^!         
indications may be en\gh to %[ !        
sup]ficiality ( ! conclusions ab\t      
love's selection :i* are conf9$         
exclusively to physical improvem5t1     
al?\gh naturally ?is also is ( great    
value4 ,b t a pair ( lov]s c h a        
feeble-bodi$ *ild ought 9 itself to be  
no m us$ z evid5ce aga9/ love's         
selection ?an w\ld be ! physically      
excell5t *ildr5 ( an unhappy c\ple4     
,ev5 if ! erotic attraction (           
dissimil>ities is ?us ! /ronge/ pro( ( !
 probability ( love's influ5ce f ! po9t 
( view ( ! enhancem5t ( ! race1 x is    
nev]!less f> f be+ ! only "o4 ,ano!r is 
! a/oni%+ excess ( fir/-born or only    
*ildr5 among di/+ui%$ p]sonalities 9    

diff]5t dep>tm5ts4 ,a ?ird is !         
prov]bial ability ( s-call$             
8love-*ildr540 ,a f\r?1 ! result1 (t5   
fav\rable to ! disposition ( ! *ildr51 (
 m>riages betwe5 p ( diff]5t            
nationalities4 ,9 ! fir/ two cases we   
may suppose t ! p>5ts' happ9ess 9       
love--or at lea/ _! s5sual passion--0 at
 ! height ( its fre%ness & /r5g? at !   
conception ( ! *ild4 ,9 ! case (        
8love-*ildr50 x is n unfrequ5tly a      
heal?y woman ( ! p :o ) g5u9e devotion  
enc\nt]s ! s5sual desire ( a man        
intellectually h] sup]ior4 ,9 ! la/     
case1 aga91 x is usually a p[]ful love  
:i* has conqu]$ ! ob/ructions rais$ by  
patriotism & traditions aga9/ !         
attraction by means ( :i* ! national    
contradictions are to be bl5d$ 9 ! *ild 
into a happy unity4  ,obs]vation 9 ?is  
connection is misl$ by innum]able side  
influ5ces1 c\nt]actions1 &              
contradictions z yet unsolv$4 ,s long z 
any wreck ( humanity is all[$ by 8! "r (
 love0 to reproduce ! species1 ! l9es ( 

conclusion 9 ?is subject w cont9ue to   
int]sect "o ano!r 9 all directions4 ,n  
until cases arise :]e ! conditions are  
comp>able 9 e o!r respect1 %all we beg9 
to approa* an objective demon/ration 9 !
 "q ( *ildr5's decreas+ physico-psy*ical
 vitality :5 !y are born 9 unwill+ness  
or indiff]5ce1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ( _!     
increas+ vitality :5 !y are born 9 love4
 ,& x is n 9 ! t5d] ye>s ( *ildhood1 b  
:5 !y h liv$ _! life1 t ! "q c fir/ be  
f9ally answ]$4  ,t ! developm5t (       
*ildr5's inh]it$ dispositions1 _!       
*ildhood's happ9ess1 & ! future t5or (  
_! life are det]m9$ to a great ext5t by 
_! be+ br\ght up 9 a home bright )      
happ9ess1 by p>5ts :o co-op]ate 9       
sympa!tic und]/&+1 ?is ne$ n be dwelt   
^u4 ,ev]yone kn[s h[ *ildr5 f su* homes 
h receiv$ ! gift ( a fai? 9 life & a    
feel+ ( security1 a c\rage & a joy 9    
life :i* no subsequ5t suff]+s c :olly   
de/roy4 ,!y h laid up en\gh w>m? (      
sun%9e to prev5t _! be+ froz5 ?r\gh ev5 
9 ! mo/ sev]e w9t]4 ,^?1 on ! o!r h&1 :o

 began ) w9t]1 sometimes freeze ev5 "u !
 summ] sun4   ,x is no m true ) reg>d to
 love's selection ?an 9 any o!r respect 
t passion is oppos$ to duty o!rwise ?an 
9 ! int]m$i>y /age ( developm5t4 ,9 !   
/ate ( innoc5ce !re is no division1 s9ce
 no o!r duty exi/s b bl9dly to foll[    
in/9ct4 ,:5 developm5t is complet$ & 8! 
second innoc5ce0 atta9$1 duty w be      
aboli%$1 s9ce x w h become "o ) in/9ct4 
,x w !n be se5 t !y 7 wrong :o n[ ?9k   
t--:ile ,god walk$ 9 ,p>adise & f\nd$   
m>riage--! devil w5t ab\t 9 ! wild]ness 
& in/itut$ love4 ,dualism w be vanqui%$ 
by monism :5 ! circul> c\rse (          
developm5t has br\ght ! />t+-po9t ne> to
 ! goal2 :5 ! natural in/9ct ( ! race   
meets ! w to ennoble ! race1 born (     
culture2 :5 ! gold5 r+ f ei!r side      
encircles ! gem ) ! sacr$ sign ( life3 !
 *ild4 ,b ! treasure :i* is n[ reg>d$ z 
! mo/ preci\s1 monogamy1 is p]haps de/9$
 n to be encircl$ by ! gold5 r+ until   
aft] _m new spiral turns4 ,x w be s :5  
love's selection has f9ally made e man &

 woman well fitt$ to reproduce ! race4  
,n till !n c ! desir$ ideal--"o man = "o
 woman1 "o woman = "o man--univ]sally   
include ! be/ vital conditions1 = !     
individual & = ! race4 ,& :5 we h come s
 f>1 ! w ( erotic *oice may also be s   
delicately & firmly entw9$ ) e fibre ( !
 p]sonality's physico-psy*ical mat]ial1 
t a man w only be able to f9d1 w91 &    
keep a s+le woman1 a woman a s+le man4  
,!n x may be t _m human be+s w exp]i5ce 
?r\gh love's selection :at is ev5 n[ !  
=tune ( a few3 ! highe/ enhancem5t ( _! 
individual p]sonality1 _! highe/ =m (   
life z memb]s ( ! race1 & _! highe/     
p]ception ( et]nal life4     ,,*apt] ,v 
,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,mo!rhood   ,ev]yone kn[s 
t ! me?ods ( production ( mod]n society 
t5d m & m to limit woman's dome/ic "w to
 direct+ consumption1 :]eas at e>li]    
/ages %e us$ also to produce a great "p 
( ! commodities consum$ 9 ! home4       
,ev]yone c see too t ! mo/ pr(\ndly     
influ5tial cause ( ! woman's movem5t has
 ?us n be5 ! ass]tion ( woman's         

political-juridical rights z a human    
be+1 b fir/ & =emo/ ! "q ( h[ %e is to  
f9d employm5t = h] p[]s ( "w :i* are no 
long] requir$ 9 ! home1 & be enabl$ to  
f9d t self-ma9t5ance outside ! home :i* 
! alt]$ conditions ( production h r5d]$ 
necess>y4  ,?r\gh ! ev]-increas+        
connection betwe5 ! diff]5t p>ts (      
society1 woman's "w has _h pr(\nd       
influ5ce 9 o!r qu>t]s ?an ^? ( ! lab\r  
m>ket4 ,competition betwe5 ! sexes has  
produc$--z reg>ds manual lab\r--= m5 &  
wom5 ^? l[] conditions ( lab\r :i* are !
 usual result ( an ov]cr[d+ ( ! lab\r   
m>ket1 namely1 l[ wages1 long h\rs1 &   
unc]ta9ty ( employm5t4 ,! possibility ( 
m>riage has become dep5d5t on !         
bread-w9n+ lab\r ( bo? husb& & wife4 ,^?
 m>ri$ wom5 :o are p>tly ma9ta9$ by _!  
husb&s1 h by _! supplem5t>y e>n+s r$uc$ 
! wages ( ! self-support+ unm>ri$ ones1 
& :5 ^! 9 _! turn are m>ri$1 !y lack !  
desire & capacity to look aft] ! home & 
wa/e ?r\gh neglig5ce m ?an !y e>n 9 !   
factory4 ,! consequ5ce ( ! outside      

employm5t ( wives--z ( *ildr5--has      
fur!rmore be5 /]ility1 a high infant    
mortality1 & ! deg5]ation ( ! surviv+   
*ildr51 bo? physically & psy*ically2 a  
debas$ dome/ic life ) its consequ5ces3  
discom=t1 drunk5ness1 & crime4  ,among !
 middle classes1 aga91 ! competition    
betwe5 ! sexes has directly r$uc$ man's 
*ances ( m>riage1 & indirectly dim9i%$ !
 desire ( bo? sexes to contract         
matrimony4  ,! app>5tly inevitable law t
 "o-sid$ness alone gives /r5g? has made 
! *ampions ( woman's rights left-h&$ 9  
_! treatm5t ( all social que/ions       
connect$ ) _! 8cause40 ,!y h press$ =w>d
 woman's "r to "w1 :ile ov]look+ bo? !  
conditions & ! effects ( h] "w4 ,wom51  
actuat$ by ! comb9$ motive p[] ( ! _s ( 
! age & ( necessity1 h look$ = employm5t
 ( any k9d & at h[ev] l[ a wage4 ,among 
! middle classes1 ! result has be5 t _m 
girls1 :o 7 9 no ne$ ( support+ !mselves
 entirely by "w1 h depress$ ! conditions
 ( lab\r = ^? wom5 :o ne$$ x4 ,?us !    
latt] are held d[n to a m9imum :i* is   

dang]\s alike to heal? & to morality4   
,girls liv+ at home1 on ! o!r h&1 h be5 
able to satisfy _! increas$ dem&s1 & ?is
 has made x /ill m difficult = a man to 
(f] !m acceptable conditions 9 m>riage4 
,x has already be5 po9t$ out t !        
self-ma9t5ance ( wom5 has _h & /ill has 
a pr(\nd influ5ce on love 9 m>riage4 ,! 
,sw$i% poet ,almqui/ indicat$ ?is :5 he 
wrote t only ! woman :o 89 glad activity
 c provide all t is necess>y = h] liv+0 
makes x possible = ! man to :om %e gives
 h]self 8to say rightly to himself1 ,i  
am lov$40  ,b no "o c calculate 9       
advance h[ a new social =ce is go+ to "w
 9 e respect2 h[ ev5 s\ls are *ang$ )   
alt]$ ne$s1 s t new dem&s & =ces arise4 
,! erotic problem ( ! y\? ( ! pres5t day
 is "o ( ! mo/ illum9at+ pieces (       
evid5ce ( ?is impossibility4  ,woman's  
competition ) man 9 ! field ( lab\r has1
 9 fact1 occasion$ a pr(\nd ill-feel+   
betwe5 ! sexes4 ,wom5 feel              
!mselves--rightly or wrongly--*eap5$ &  
und]e/imat$1 & m51 on ! o!r h&1 consid] 

!mselves ?ru/ aside1 :5 woman's l[]     
dem&s ( wages decide ! competition 9 h] 
fav\r4 ,b ?is is /ill ! ext]nal side ( !
 matt]4  ,x is ! new woman--! trans=m$  
type ( s\l--t man objects to4 ,! manni% 
emancipat$ ladies w soon1 h[ev]1 h di$  
out4 ,we c !re=e pass !m by & consid]   
only ! "y wom5 :o h pres]v$ or tri$ to  
pres]ve _! possibilities ( erotic       
attraction4  ,^! h1 h[ev]1 lo/ ! calm1 !
 equilibrium1 ! receptivity1 :i* =m]ly  
made ( woman a beautiful1               
easily-compreh5d$ piece ( nature1 l     
nature 9 h] unconditional yield+4 ,:5 a 
man came to ! woman he lov$ ) 8 worries1
 8 fatigue1 8 disappo9tm5ts1 he wa%$    
himself clean z 9 a cool wave1 f\nd     
peace z 9 a sil5t =e/4 ,n[adays %e meets
 him ) h] worries1 h] disquiet1 h]      
fatigues1 h] disappo9tm5ts4 ,h] picture 
has be5 refus$1 h] book is misund]/ood1 
h] "w is abus$1 h] exam9ation has to be 
prep>$ = 444 always h]s6 ,all ?is makes 
! man ?9k h] di/urb$1 unapproa*able1 &  
apt to misund]/&4 ,ev5 if %e reta9s h]  

affectionate att5tion = him1 %e has lo/ 
h] ela/icity4 ,%e does n *oose !        
conditions ( h] "w2 %e is oblig$ to     
ov]work h]self if %e wi%es to keep h]   
"w4 ,b love--z has be5 aptly            
said--requires peace1 love w dream2 x _c
 live ^u remnants ( our "t & our        
p]sonality4 ,& ?us ! value ( love--l all
 o!r p]sonal values--s9ks "u mod]n      
conditions ( "w1 :i* dra9 ! vital =ces &
 make p =get ev5 ! mean+ ( ! idea (     
liv+4 ,?us ! p ( ! pres5t day are       
exclud$ f love3 n m]ely f ! possibility 
( realis+ x 9 m>riage1 b also f !       
possibility ( fully exp]i5c+ x4  ,nor h 
^! ov]-tir$ "y wom5 a *ance ( pres]v+ _!
 *>m 9 outw>d appe>ance & mann]4 ,?is is
 only done n[adays 9 a consci\s /yle by 
ladies ( ! highe/ society--& by ^? ( !  
demi-monde--:o p]=m no o!r duty to !    
community ?an ! m elegant ?an wor?y "o (
 illu/rat+ ! p>able ( ! lilies ( !      
field4 ,b ev5 n[ few wom5 c af=d--& few]
 /ill feel t !y h ! "r to or ! leisure  
=--?is wor%ip ( _! own intoxicat+ &     

self-intoxicat+ lovel9ess4 ,m & m h to  
take "p 9 a life ( "w2 :ile1 moreov]1   
wom5 are becom+ less attract$ by ! ideal
 ( p]fection ( =m1 & m by t ( =mation ( 
p]sonality4 ,b ?is movem5t involves     
unc]ta9ty ( =m1 until new =ms h be5     
creat$2 & man loves 9 woman precisely t 
sur5ess1 lightness1 & repose 9 h] own   
s5se ( p[] :i* are g5]ally want+ 9 !    
t5tative "y woman ( ! pres5t day4 ,a new
 k9d ( "y wom5 is1 h[ev]1 already to be 
met )1 :o w nei!r "w nor *>m            
exclusively1 & :o are solv+ ! problem ( 
be+ at ! same "t active & beautiful4    
,?us ! deepe/ conflict ( all lies h]e91 
t "y m5 feel "y wom5 to be indep5d5t ( !
 love !y (f]2 !y feel !mselves weigh$   
&--f\nd want+4 ,woman's capacity = mak+ 
a liv+ has ?us und\bt$ly result$1 z     
,almqui/ hop$1 9 giv+ man a great] *ance
 ( believ+ himself lov$1 b at ! same    
"t--a small] *ance ( be+ s4  ,we see two
 gr\ps ( ! daught]s ( our "t1 z new     
manife/ations ( woman's primitive d\ble 
nature4  ,= "o gr\p ! *ild is n !       

imm$iate end ( love1 & /ill less c !    
*ild sanctify all ! means = its         
atta9m5t4 ,if su* a woman has to *oose  
betwe5 giv+ & inspir+ a love z great z t
 ( h] dreams1 )\t mo!rhood1 & becom+ a  
"m ?r\gh a less] love1 !n %e w *oose !  
=m] )\t hesitation4 ,& if %e becomes a  
"m1 )\t hav+ atta9$ ! full height ( h]  
be+ 9 love1 %e feels x z a degradation2 
= nei!r *ild nor m>riage nor love are   
en\gh = h]1 only great love satisfies   
h]4  ,?is is ! mo/ important /ep 9      
advance t woman has tak5 s9ce f !       
emotional sph]e ( ! female animal %e    
approa*$ t ( ! human woman4 ,&--h[ev]   
great may be ! suff]+s t ?is attitude ( 
! s\l may involve = ! individual--no "o 
:o sees suffici5tly deeply c hesitate z 
to ! c]ta9ty ( ?is be+ ! true l9e (     
life4  ,?is1 on ! o!r h&1 w n co9cide ) 
! pa? ( ^? wom5 :o are n[ dem&+ lib]ty =
 mo!rhood1 n only )\t w$lock b also )\t 
love4  ,^? :o hop$ t woman's indep5d5ce 
?r\gh "w w\ld assure man's k ( be+ lov$1
 did n reckon = woman's dep5d5ce on man 

9 & = ! t5or ( h] life4 ,?is dep5d5ce1  
creat$ by nature & n by society1 /ill   
drives _m o!rwise indep5d5t wom5 into   
m>riage )\t love2 & x drives o!r wom51  
:o wi% to pres]ve _! indep5d5ce by n    
contract+ m>riage1 to ! desire ( atta9+ 
a "m's happ9ess )\t x4 ,! new woman's w 
to live ?r\gh h]self1 ) h]self1 =       
h]self1 rea*es its limit :5 %e beg9s to 
reg>d man m]ely z a means to ! *ild4    
,woman c\ld sc>cely take a m complete   
rev5ge = hav+ h]self be5 treat$ = ?\s&s 
( ye>s z a means4  ,we mu/ hope1 h[ev]1 
t woman's lu/ = v5geance w n long reta9 
?is =m4 ,woman's degradation to a means 
has ret>d$ man's & h] own developm5t4 ,b
 a simil> degradation ( man w\ld h !    
same effect1 & ! *ildr5 might suff] j z 
mu* ?r\gh woman's misuse ( man z ?r\gh 8
 ( h]4  ,! *ild mu/ be an end 9 itself4 
,x requires love z its orig92 x requires
 9 its "m love's und]/&+ ( ! qualities x
 has inh]it$ f its fa!r1 n a surpris$   
coldness or res5tm5t ( ! unsuspect$ or  
unwelcome elem5ts 9 its nature4 ,! woman

 :o has nev] lov$ h] *ild's fa!r w      
infallibly injure t *ild 9 "s way--if 9 
no o!r1 !n by h] way ( lov+ x4 ,! *ild  
ne$s ! joy ( bro!rs & si/]s1 & n ev5 !  
t5d]e/ mo!rly love c take ! place ( ?is2
 & f9ally ! *ild ne$s ! fa!r z ! fa!r ! 
*ild4 ,t *ildr51 bo? 9 & out ( w$lock1  
(t5 lose _! fa!r or bro!r or si/] ?r\gh 
dea? or life1 belongs to ! inevitable1 9
 mo/ cases at any rate4 ,b t a woman )  
full k & purpose %\ld deprive h] *ild ( 
! "r ( ga9+ life ?r\gh love1 t %e %\ld  
exclude x 9 advance f ! possibility ( a 
fa!r's affection1 is a piece (          
selfi%ness :i* mu/ av5ge itself4 ,! "r (
 mo!rhood )\t m>riage mu/ n be equival5t
 to ! "r ( mo!rhood )\t love4 ,x is     
equally degrad+ to surr5d] "o's self )\t
 love 9 a free relation%ip z 9 m>riage4 
,9 bo? cases "o c /eal "o's *ild & !reby
 lose ! "r ( "o day pr\dly assur+ x t x 
has enjoy$ ! be/ conditions = its entry 
into life4 ,love--x mu/ be con/antly    
repeat$--desires ! future1 n ! mom5t2 x 
desires union1 n only at ! =mation ( a  

new be+1 b 9 ord] t two p]sons ?r\gh ea*
 o!r may c>e = a new & great] be+ ?an   
ei!r ( !mselves4 ,a woman may be mi/ak5 
9 ?is love1 z %e may be 9 h] suitability
 = m>riage4 ,b ?is %e _c "k 9 advance4  
,%e exp]i5ces ^! ?+s fir/ 9 lov+4 ,if %e
 has misplac$ h] devotion1 !n x w n save
 h] to conceal ! mi/ake 9 a m>riage4 ,b 
to receive h] *ild f a man ) :om %e kn[s
 9 advance t %e nev] int5ds to live1 ?is
 is hav+ an illegitimate *ild 9 ! deepe/
 s5se ( ! ^w4 ,b ?is is nev]!less ! way 
9 :i* a numb] ( wom5 n[ ?9k t 8! madonna
 ( ! future0 is to w9 a "m's happ9ess4  
,"w is always a developm5t ( =ce1 & ! m 
x ex]cises our individual p[]s1 ! great]
 happ9ess w x give4 ,no "p ( ! old      
cate*ism is m valuable ?an t :i* is     
omitt$ 9 ! new1 on ! bless+s ( lab\r4 ,!
 pa? ( e *]i%$ & reasonable "w might be 
m>k$ by mile/ones1 on :i* ! good old    
words %\ld be c>v$3 "h 8heal?10 !re     
8welf>e02 "h 8com=t & consolation 9     
adv]sity10 & !re 8prev5t+ lapses into   
s910--above all1 t ( d\bt+ ! value (    

life4  ,b ! man to :om "w has giv5 all  
?is has all ! m reason to curse ! "w (  
wom51 :o are able nei!r to *oose _!     
lab\r accord+ to _! tal5ts nor to       
proportion _! h\rs ( "w accord+ to _!   
/r5g?4 ,great] & great] are ! multitudes
 :o move =w>d ^u ! road ( toil1 :]e !   
mile/ones be> ! inscriptions3 ill-heal?1
 unc]ta9ty = ! morr[ z = ! future1      
joylessness1 le?>gy ( ! s\l1 & ! s9s t  
?rive 9 ! %ad[1 above all t ( blasphem+ 
life z mean+less4  ,= o!rs aga9 "w has  
come to mean 9 our "t drunk5ness1 vice1 
& sup]/ition4 ,x has made m5 & wom5     
unscrupul\s1 empty1 h>d1 re/less4 ,x has
 made !m de/roy = o!rs ! rema9+         
treasures ( life--sorr[1 love1 ! home1  
nature1 beauty1 books1 peace--peace     
above all1 s9ce x is ! condition ( !    
full realisation ( suff]+ z ( joy4 ,!   
gr& words ab\t ! lib]ty & ! joy ( lab\r 
mean 9 reality slav]y & tr\ble ov]      
lab\r1 ! only tr\ble our "t fully       
exp]i5ces4  ,) ?\ghtless hymns ( praise 
to ?is massacr+ lab\r1 society all[s "o 

holy spr+time aft] ano!r to )] )\t hav+ 
blossom$--:]eas ?\s&s ( ye>s ago !      
cities ( antiquity s5t _! 8holy spr+s0  
to op5 up new di/ricts & build new      
dwell+s = m54  ,j z true z t ! losses ( 
! individual mean ! pov]ty ( all1 :5 ^! 
losses involve a dim9ution ( heal? &    
p[]2 j z c]ta9 z t no?+ becomes bett]   
)\t ! desire to improve x1 s is x a     
heal?y sign ( ! times t />vation wages =
 consci5ti\s drudg]y no long] fill "y   
wom5 ) he>tfelt gratitude4 ,!y "k1 ^! "y
 wom51 t _! own nature also c be        
outrag$2 t !re are o!r suppress$ =ces 9 
woman's be+ besides only ! desire ( k & 
! ?ir/ = activity1 & t nei!r ! "r to "w 
nor t ( citiz5%ip c comp5sate = trampl$ 
possibilities ( happ9ess4  ,f> f its be+
 ! duty ( any ?\ghtful p]son to lull to 
re/ ?is despond5cy ( ! "y1 we %\ld r5d] 
! be/ s]vice to !m & to life by tak+ f  
!m ev]yday cont5tm5t & ! calm (         
resignation2 = only ! suff]+ :i* is kept
 awake1 ! long+ :i* rema9s alive1 c     
become =ces 9 ! revolt aga9/ t ord] (   

society :i* has add$ mean+less pangs1   
ho/ile to life1 to ^? t ! laws ( life & 
life's developm5t /ill necess>ily       
involve 9 ! relations ( sex4   ,all     
conf9$ =ces1 :i* d n f9d employm5t1 may 
deg5]ate2 & our "t1 ) its repression ( !
 erotic =ces1 c %[ ev5 among wom5 su*   
signs ( deg5]ation4  ,x is !re=e a      
necess>y self-ass]tion :5 ^? :o are     
exclud$ f love seek to pres]ve _! heal? 
& enri* _! life ) ! s\rces ( joy :i* are
 at ! disposal ( e liv+ p]son4 ,ev5 he  
:o is *a9$ to an un9t]e/+ "w c f9d "s   
mom5ts to feel 8 way along "s pa? :i*   
leads to a glimpse ( ! inf9ite space (  
sci5ce4 ,almo/ e k9d ( "w may br+ ) x an
 increase ( individual capacity1 & !re) 
also ( joy at feel+ "o's value z a      
workman & "o's dignity z a p]sonality   
enhanc$4 ,!re is no day :i* may n br+ ) 
x a glimpse ( delight 9 beauty4 ,f9ally 
!re is no h\r--except ! heavie/ h\rs (  
sorr[--9 :i* a human be+ _c feel ! /r5g?
 & greatness ( 8 own s\l2 its indep5d5ce
 ( all ext]nal =tunes2 its p[] ( seek+  

itself1 f9d+ itself1 enhanc+ itself     
?r\gh all & 9 spite ( all4 ,! words :i* 
,victor ,hugo put to a "y woman 9 sorr[3
    ,n'avez-v\s pas votre me8  are      
address$ to all :o h be5 badly treat$ by
 life4  ,& :atev] belief or unbelief a  
p]son may pr(ess1 x is 9 ! la/ resort   
?is consci\sness ( 8 own s\l's wor? :i* 
saves him :5 no o!r help is to be       
f\nd--& !re is no o!r help4  ,9 ?is s5se
 x is d\btless true t ! human be+1 woman
 z well z man1 is an end 9 h]self2 t %e 
has fulfill$ h] task if %e has n suff]$ 
injury to h] s\l1 ev5 if %e has ga9$    
no?+ else f life2 if %e has increas$ !  
p[] ( h] s\l1 discov]$ h] own           
individuality & realis$ x2 = ?is alone  
is sav+ "o's s\l4 ,9 ?is s5se x is true 
t ! 8mission0 ( woman z ( man _c be !   
sexual mission1 :i* does n dep5d ^u our 
own w alone2 nor1 !re=e1 c he :o has n  
fulfill$ ?is be said to h liv$ 9 va94 ,9
 ?is s5se also !re is at bottom a c]ta9 
agreem5t betwe5 ! feel+ (               
self-glorification j describ$ & t ( ^?  

:o ?9k t nei!r woman's nor man's highe/ 
de/9y c be love1 b only ! life ( an     
et]nal be+ above all e>?ly & social     
consid]ations2 t ! highe/ reality ( e   
human be+ is )9 himself1 & t 8 highe/   
happ9ess c be only to gr[ 9 hol9ess &   
godl9ess4  ,b = ! %ap+ ( life ! diff]5ce
 is immeasurable4 ,"h we are confront$  
once m by ! duali/ & moni/ views ( life1
 ! belief 9 ! s\l z sup]s5su\s1 & !     
belief 9 ! s\l z dwell+ 9 ! s5ses2 !    
belief t ! s\l c atta9 its highe/       
developm5t & happ9ess indep5d5tly       
(--in/ead ( by means (--its e>?ly       
conditions4  ,accord+ to ! latt] view   
man & woman are det]m9$ by _! sexual    
life ev5 9 ! greate/ emotions ( _! s\l4 
,sexual emotions pulsate 9 ! age (      
pub]ty's dreams ( h]oic de$s & m>tyrdom2
 !y are ! w>m und]curr5t 9 ! religi\s   
ne$s :i* awak5 at t "t4 ,e woman :o has 
aft]w>ds p]=m$ a brilliant a*ievem5t (  
love1 :o has become a great ,*ri/ian    
"*--l ,/4 ,bridget ( ,sw$51 l ,/4       
,ca!r9e ( ,si5a1 or l ,/4 ,t]esa--has _h

 ! fire ( great love 9 h] s\l2 h] blood 
has be5 on fire ) ! long+ to s]ve ! race
 ) body & s\l4 ,& !re=e also h] *>ity _h
 w>m? 9 x1 :ile ! victims ( s mu* o!r   
b5evol5ce freeze l %orn %eep4  ,a       
woman's ess5tial ego mu/ be br\ght out  
by love be=e %e c d any?+ great = o!rs  
or = h]self4 ,%e ^: exi/5ce has be5     
erotically blank seldom f9ds ! way to   
:at is human 9 a great s5se1 :ile1 on ! 
o!r h&1 %e to :om life has d5i$ !       
opportunity ( manife/+ h] erotic be+ 9 !
 usual s5se1 trans=ms x into an ,eros t 
embraces all life1 ! ,eros ( :om ,plato 
_h ! intuition :5 he made ,diotima      
proclaim him3 a t\* ( inf9ite delicacy2 
= may x n possibly be only woman        
:o--s9ce h] :ole nature is erotic--c ?us
 satisfy h] love-long+ f ! :ole (       
exi/5ce8  ,b ?is s5se ( on5ess ) !      
univ]se--:i* ! !osophi/1 ! my/ic1 !     
pan!i/1 & ! evolutioni/ express ea* 9 8 
own way1 b :i* !y all feel alike--is1   
above all1 ! gift ( a great happ9ess 9  
love4 ,x is ?is way ( lov+ ( :i* x is   

especially true to say1 t only he :o    
loves kn[s ,god1 ! great ^w = unity 9 ! 
all1 9 :i* we live & move & h our be+4  
,n because ,god creat$ mank9d to        
increase & inhabit ! e>?1 b because !y 7
 fruitful & fill$ ! e>? ) be+s & ) "w1  
did !y give ! ,creator's "n to life &   
wor%ipp$ 9 ! lik5ess ( gods _! own      
creative p[]1 on acc\nt ( :i* !y also   
dream$ t !y 7 et]nal4  ,because         
fruitfulness1 ! p[] ( production 9 all  
its =ms1 is ! div9e "p ( man1 x is      
impossible = anyone )\t x to atta9      
8hol9ess & communion ) ,god0 9 ! mean+ (
 ! religion ( life1 or1 9 o!r words1    
full humanity4 ,ev5 9 its limit$ =m1 t (
 creat+ a family1 x is ! un]r+ means (  
ext5d+ ! ego beyond its own limits1 !   
simple/ condition = humanisation4 ,x c  
trans=m ! egoi/ into a g5]\s man1 m]ely 
by giv+ him some?+ to live =4 ,= ?is    
reason love has tak5 ! place ( religion 
) innum]able p1 because x has ! same p[]
 ( mak+ !m good & great1 b a hundr$fold 
great] p[] ( mak+ !m happy4 ,!re=e all  

great & beautiful resignation--fl[+ )   
sweetness & b5evol5ce--is l a v9ey>d1   
made ^u ! slope ( a crat]4  ,b !re=e    
also x is true ( all :o h qu5*$ ! w>m? (
 fruitfulness 9 !mselves1 t !y h        
committ$ ! "o unp>donable s91 t aga9/ ! 
holy _s ( life4 ,^! wom5 h receiv$ _!   
condemnation 9 ,less+'s fable ( ,h]a1 :o
 s5t ,iris to e>? to seek out ?ree      
virtu\s1 p]fectly *a/e maid5s1 unsoil$  
by any dreams ( love4 ,& ,iris c]ta9ly  
f\nd !m1 b did n br+ !m back to         
,olympus2 = ,hades _h already made      
,h]mes fet* !m = ! inf]nal regions--!re 
to replace ! sup]annuat$ ,furies4       
,because ! means ( life mu/ nev] eclipse
 ! mean+ ( life--:i* is to live ) "o's  
:ole be+1 & ?us to be able to imp>t an  
ev] great] fulness ( life--x is immoral 
to live solely ei!r = sanctity or = "w1 
fa!rl& or humanity1 or ev5 love1 = man  
is to live by all ^!4 ,8 exclusion f "o 
( ^! means ( full humanity c nev] be    
comp5sat$ by 8 p>ticipation 9 any ( !   
o!rs1 j z little z "o ( 8 s5ses c be    

replac$ by ano!r1 ev5 ?\gh ! latt] be   
p]fect$ "u ! necessity ( s]v+ 9 ! place 
( ! lo/ "o4 ,& ! resignation :i*        
prematurely cont5ts itself ) "p ( !     
rights ( its human nature in/ead (      
aspir+ to ! :ole1 su* resignation is a  
fall+ to sleep 9 ! sn[4 ,x is und5iably 
a calm] /ate ?an t ( keep+ "o's s\l on !
 /ret* = new exp]i5ces2 = 9 t case "o   
mu/ also be prep>$ = new w\nds2 & he :o 
keeps 8 suff]+ awake c be sure ( m pa9  
?an he :o puts x to sleep ) an opiate4  
,b no crit]ion is mean] ?an t ( suff]+  
or n suff]+4 ,! "q is only :at a man    
suff]s f1 & :at he becomes--= himself & 
o!rs--or does n become z ! result ( 8   
pa94  ,life holds 9 "o h& ! gold5 cr[n (
 happ9ess1 9 ! o!r ! iron cr[n ( suff]+4
 ,to h] fav\r$ ones %e h&s !m bo?4 ,b   
only he is an outca/ ^: temples h felt !
 weight ( nei!r4   ,a woman ( feel+ once
 said t1 al?\gh love 0 ackn[l$g$ by !   
majority z life's greate/ treasure1     
mank9d has n yet be5 able to prep>e a   
place = love 9 life4 ,outside ( m>riage 

x is call$ s92 )9 x--z m>riage n[       
is--love c seldom live1 & if x arises = 
ano!r ?an ! p>tn] 9 m>riage1 !n = ! sake
 ( ! *ildr5 x mu/ be sacrific$4  ,x is  
?is obs]vation :i* made ! new wom5 all !
 m decid$ to prep>e a place = love      
outside matrimony4  ,wom5--& m5 too--h  
begun to exam9e ! ideas ( morality 9 :i*
 ! small & ! great values are mix$      
toge!r l ! c>ds 9 a %uffl$ pack4 ,z f> z
 woman is conc]n$1 all morality has     
become synonym\s ) sexual morality2 all 
sexual morality synonym\s ) ! abs5ce (  
s5suality & ! exi/5ce ( a m>riage       
c]tificate4 ,9 spee* & 9 poetry woman's 
mission z 8wife & "m0 is glorifi$1 b at 
! same "t ! mission is n consid]$       
hon\rable until x is atta9$1 b1 on !    
contr>y1 di%on\rable s long z x is s\ght
 aft] ) ! heal?y /r5g? :i* is !         
condition ( its complete fulfilm5t4 ,a  
woman may be pr\d & /rong1 good &       
active1 c\rage\s & g5]\s1 hon\rable &   
tru/wor?y1 fai?ful & loyal--9 a ^w1 %e  
may possess all ! virtues priz$ by      

man--& yet be call$ immoral if %e gives 
a new life to ! race4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a   
woman1 irreproa*able f ! po9t ( view (  
sexual morality1 may be z c[>dly1       
sl&]\s1 & untru?ful z %e c be )\t be+   
d5i$ ! respect ( society4  ,?is         
confusion ( ?\ght is to su* an ext5t "o 
) ! feel+s1 t x may take c5turies = new 
ideas ( ju/ice to "w a *ange4  ,9 spite 
( all1 h[ev]1 x rema9s a tru? t a       
woman's morality 9 o!r respects is m    
pr(\ndly connect$ ) h] sexual morality  
?an is ! case ) a man4 ,nature h]self   
e/abli%$ ?is connection1 :5 %e made love
 & ! *ild m closely b\nd up ) woman's   
exi/5ce ?an ) man's4 ,x mu/ always be a 
matt] ( p>am\nt importance to a woman's 
:ole p]sonality to ab&on h]self to !    
possibility ( creat+ a new life2 & !re=e
 a woman's attitude1 n ) reg>d to       
m>riage1 b c]ta9ly ) reg>d to mo!rhood1 
w be decisive evid5ce ( h] moral        
developm5t 9 o!r respects & ( h]        
spiritual culture4  ,! same sexual      
fre$om = woman z = man is to e pr(\ndly 

womanly woman a dem& contr>y to nature4 
,b ?is does n mean ei!r t man ought to  
cont9ue to misuse 8 fre$om or t woman   
mu/ cont9ue to conf9e h]s )9 8lawful0   
b\nds2 nor yet does x mean t wom5 ought 
to g on ly+ to !mselves1 to m51 & to ea*
 o!r conc]n+ _! nature z sexual be+s4 ,x
 is true t _m wom5 exi/ :o h no feel+ ( 
?is k9d1 & t o!r m>ri$ wom5 d5y ! claims
 ( ! s5ses--because !y h _h !m satisfi$ 
be=e !y became consci\s4 ,b :5 !        
developm5t ( love has introduc$ a pur] &
 heal?i] view1 nei!r wom5 nor m5 w      
consid] x a m]it or sup]iority 9 a woman
 to develop 9 h]self ! "* ( 8! ?ird     
sex40 ,!n ev]yone w ackn[l$ge t human   
life1 to be 9 ! fulle/ s5se heal?y &    
ri*1 mu/ imply fulfilm5t ( ! sexual     
de/9y1 & t ev5 if a re/riction ( ! vital
 =ces 9 ?is respect does n entail       
physical suff]+1 !n x mu/ involve pr(\nd
 psy*ical injury result+ 9 dim9i%$ p[]s4
 ,nor w "o !n wilfully bl9k at ! fact   
t--among _m /rong1 well-balanc$1 active 
unm>ri$ wom5--o!rs are to be f\nd :o are

 equally wor?y ( respect1 al?\gh !y _c  
atta9 h>mony )\t mo!rhood4 ,& ! cause is
 n want ( self-discipl9e or s]i\sness 9 
"w1 b simply ! fact already /at$3 t     
sexual life 9 a woman--:5 x has become  
/rong & heal?y--dom9ates h] 9 a f> m    
intimate way ?an x does a man4 ,%e      
seldom suff]s acutely1 (t5 unconsci\sly 
or half-consci\sly1 f re/riction 9 ?is  
direction2 b to make up = ?is %e suff]s 
9 a f> m radical way1 :i* sl[ly exhau/s 
h] vital =ces2 & _m cases ( madness1    
hy/]ia1 etc41 are due to ?is cause4  ,e 
victim ( ?is k9d makes life ! poor]2 = x
 is (t5 ! w>me/ fem99e natures1 ! ri*e/ 
9 goodness & 9 s\l1 ! mo/ fruitful 9 e  
s5se1 t g "u 9 ?is way4 ,& 9 !m ! race  
loses n only directly1 b also           
indirectly1 9 _! *ildr5 t 7 nev] born4  
,= ! pres5t x c be only by an alt]$     
crit]ion ( morality t ^! losses c be    
avoid$1 at lea/ s long z !re is n "o man
 = e woman4 ,= we c look only = a v sl[ 
op]ation ( ! measures :i* may re/ore !  
balance t nature seems to int5d by an   

actual excess 9 ! bir?-rate ( boys ov]  
girls2 measures1 t is1 = ! bett]        
protection ( ! lives ( male *ildr5 & m54
 ,a proposal :i* 0 put =w>d a few ye>s  
ago 9 "o ( ! lead+ civilis$ c\ntries    
und\bt$ly des]ves consid]ation z an     
incid5tal rem$y2 namely1 to arrange an  
organis$ & well-sup]vis$ emigration (   
capable wom5 f ! c\ntries :]e !y are 9  
excess to o!rs :]e ! rev]se is ! case2 =
 :ile _! pr(ici5cy 9 "w w\ld make ^!    
wom5 indep5d5t ( m>riage1 !y w\ld ?us be
 af=d$ increas$ possibilities ( m>ry+1 z
 w\ld ! surplus m5--at pres5t1 9 !      
c\ntries ref]r$ to1 left to !           
alt]natives ( celibacy or pro/itution4  
,9 ! ma9 x is1 h[ev]1 only ! awak5+ ( ! 
consci\sness ( society t c provide a    
rem$y4 ,b until y\? itself awak5s !     
consci5ce ( ! "t ) ! tocs9 ( action1 t  
rem$y is likely to be long 9 com+4  ,9  
"o respect "y work+ m5 & wom5 might take
 _! de/9y 9 _! own h&s1 namely1 9 !     
purely ext]nal po9t ( provid+ !mselves )
 ! opportunities !y lack--:i* 9 ! case (

 "y p ( ! /ud5t class n[ =m ! f\ndation 
( _m a life's happ9ess--opportunities ( 
gett+ to "k ea* o!r "u pleasant & wor?y 
conditions ( comrade%ip4  ,9 ^? cases   
aga9 :]e a woman's de/9y f "o cause or  
ano!r has r5d]$ ! realisation ( love    
impossible1 %e ought--l ! wife 9 a      
*ildless m>riage--(t5] ?an at pres5t to 
enri* h] life & p>tly satisfy h] mo!rly 
feel+ by *oos+ "o among ! de/itute      
*ildr51 :o are un=tunately /ill to be   
f\nd 9 abundance1 to provide = & love4  
,su* grafts ^u "o's own /em (t5 give    
spl5did fruit4 ,! lonely woman !reby    
avoids fall+ a victim to t h>dness &    
bitt]ness1 :i* are n necess>y           
consequ5ces ( a *eck$ sexual life1 b are
 all ! m s ( a froz5 life ( ! he>t4  ,9 
^? cases :]e a woman suff]s a la/+ &    
un5durable clogg+ ( h] life ?r\gh ! want
 ( mo!rhood1 %e mu/ *oose ! less] evil1 
t ( becom+ a "m ev5 )\t love1 9 or out (
 w$lock4 ,necessity is its own law--& he
 :o /eals to save 8 life ought to g     
free4 ,b %e mu/ n be made an example =  

o!rs :o are n plac$ 9 ! same necessity4 
,! solution ( ! "r ( mo!rhood1 !re=e1   
ought n to be ! enc\ragem5t ( ! majority
 ( unm>ri$ wom5 to provide !mselves )   
*ildr5 )\t love2 n ev5 ! enc\ragem5t ( !
 majority to obta9 !m ?r\gh love :5 !y  
"k 9 advance t a cont9u$ community (    
life ) ! *ild's fa!r is impossible4  ,b1
 on ! o!r h&1 ! unm>ri$ woman1 f h] own 
po9t ( view z well z f t ( ! race1 has a
 "r to mo!rhood1 :5 %e possesses s ri* a
 human s\l1 s great a "m's he>t1 & s    
manly a c\rage t %e c be> an exceptional
 lot4 ,%e has all ! ri*es ( h] own & h] 
lov]'s nature to leave ?r\gh ! *ild z a 
h]itage to ! race2 %e has ! :ole        
developm5t ( h] p]sonality1 h] m5tal &  
bodily vital =ce1 h] indep5d5ce won     
?r\gh lab\r1 to give to ! *ild's        
br++-up4 ,9 h] occupation %e has _h use 
only = a "p ( h] be+3 %e desires to     
manife/ x fully & :olly1 be=e %e resigns
 ! gift ( life4 ,%e !re=e becomes a "m )
 ! full approval ( h] consci5ce4  ,all  
?is1 h[ev]1 seldom applies to a woman   

be=e %e has rea*$ or exce$$ ! limit ( la
 seconda primav]a2 n till !n w %e feel  
fully sure ( h] long+ & h] c\rage1 nor w
 %e h reason to "k t life has no high]  
de/9y = h]4 ,& ev5 %e mu/ n be tak5 z an
 example ( a f9al solution ( ! problem4 
,b 9 times l ours1 :5 ! h9drances to    
life 9 ?is direction h become           
un5durable1 bold exp]im5ts are          
ju/ifi$--:5 !y are successful4  ,9 ord] 
t su* an exp]im5t %all succe$1 ! woman  
mu/ be n m]ely z pure z sn[1 %e mu/ be z
 pure z fire 9 h] c]ta9ty ( giv+ h] own 
life a bright enhancem5t & a new        
treasure to ! race 9 ! *ild ( h] love4  
,if %e is ?is--!n inde$ !re is a gulf1  
deep z ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 fix$ betwe5 ?is 
unm>ri$ woman1 :o pres5ts h] *ild to !  
race1 & ! unm>ri$ woman1 :o 8has a      
*ild40  ,beyond all d\bt ! fir/-nam$    
w\ld h consid]$ x ! ideal ( happ9ess to 
be able to br+ up h] *ild toge!r ) its  
fa!r4 ,! circum/ances :i* prev5t h] may 
be _m4 ,! man's lib]ty1 = in/ance1 may  
be limit$ by e>li] duties or feel+s1 :i*

 b9d him1 aga9/ 8 w or n4 ,! conditions 
( life or ( "w ( "o ( !m may prev5t a   
complete union4 ,s may ! exp]i5ce t !   
p]sonality ( "o ( !m is fett]$ ?r\gh    
m>riage4 ,or aga91 love itself 0 n :at x
 _h promis$ to be1 & ! woman 0 pr\d     
en\gh n to consid] h]self fall5 & 9 ne$ 
( be+ rehabilitat$ by a m>riage :i*1 on 
! contr>y1 w\ld "u ^! circum/ances be a 
fall4  ,f9ally1 !re are exceptional     
cases1 :]e a sup]ior woman--= x is (t5 !
 be/ :o are seiz$ by ! p[]ful desire ( a
 *ild--feels t %e _c comb9e h] mo!rhood 
) ! claims ( love & ( intellectual      
production2 t %e c suffice = only two   
duties1 & !re=e accepts f love ! *ild b 
r5\nces m>riage4  ,b !re are also       
de/9ies entirely contr>y to ^!1 :]e a   
woman = h] own "p wi%$ to h a *ild b    
r5\nces x = ! man's sake4  ,9 mo/ cases 
?is is because %e surr\nds 8 "w ) su*   
affection t1 :5 x is ask$ ( h]1 %e      
sacrifices to x h] "m's happ9ess 9 ! _s 
( ,helose4 ,& ! m love is p]fect$1 ! m  
does woman ?us le>n to love h] husb&'s  

"w z h] *ild1 :ile he1 on ! o!r h&1     
loves h] "w z 8 own4  ,b x may also be =
 o!r reasons t a woman desires a man to 
keep 8 complete fre$om2 x may be1 =     
in/ance1 t he is ! y\ng]1 or t %e kn[s  
%e _c give him a *ild4 ,su* unions are n
 unusual 9 ,europe1 unions by :i* two p 
long make _! own lives & ! lives ( ^?   
ab\t !m ri*]4 ,9 su* a case ! woman     
trans=ms h] mo!rl9ess into affection = !
 man4 ,%e gives ! be/ ( h] p[]s (       
production = 8 use1 s t he gr[s :ile %e 
/ops %ort4 ,b %e !reby enjoys ! bliss ( 
a "m ) a *ild at h] brea/2 z ! "m fe$s  
h]self = ! *ild1 s does su* a mi/ress   
seek ! f9e/ intellectual n\ri%m5t t %e  
may aft]w>ds imp>t x3 %e feels t %e     
/eals :at %e enjoys alone4 ,p]haps !    
leg5d ( ! pelican1 :i* n\ri%$ its "y )  
its own blood1 w\ld be a bett] symbol = 
^! wom51 :o mu/ be prep>$ soon] or lat] 
to see ! man *oose ! "y bride :o 9 e    
respect w answ] to 8 long+4 ,cases l ^!1
 if any1 v]ify ,nietzs*e's words t      
8great love desires m ?an a return10 & t

 8x w create40 ,"h1 if ev]1 woman's     
nature reveals t its great g5ius is =   
love2 t ! high] a woman atta9s1 ! m     
c]ta9ly w h] own hon\r1 h] own triumphs1
 h] own future weigh lightly z a fea!r  
aga9/ ! joy ( be+ able to develop 9 all 
its fulness h] great tal5t1 t ( lov+4 ,&
 :5 does %e love m highly ?an 9 lavi%+ !
 :ole sup]fluity ( h] develop$ fem99e   
nature on ! p]fect+ ( h] lov]--= ano!r  
woman8  ,:at e woman ne$s1 9 our "t m   
?an 9 any o!r1 has be5 express$ by      
,ric>da ,hu* 9 ^! words3 ,c\rage = "o's 
self1 sympa?y = o!rs4  ,c\rage = "o's   
own de/9y2 c\rage to be> x or break "u  
x4 ,b also c\rage to wait =1 to *oose   
"o's de/9y4 ,sympa?y ) ! _m :o h lack$  
"o "p or ano!r ( ! new c\rage3 boldness 
or vigilance or pati5ce4   ,bo? ^!      
c\rses :i* woman's new c\rage has f\nd  
out--! man & "w )\t ! *ild1 or ! *ild & 
"w )\t ! man--may d\btless be call$     
ju/ifi$ =ms ( life1 :5 !y %[ !mselves   
life-enhanc+4 ,b !y _c be ! l9e ( life =
 ! majority4 ,?is l9e foll[s ! direction

 ( ! old ,indian prov]b3 t ! man is half
 a human be+1 & ! woman half2 only !    
fa!r & "m ) _! *ild c become a :ole4 ,& 
ev5 if wom5 h ! "r1 s f> z life is !reby
 enhanc$1 to satisfy _! erotic long+1 !y
 ought nev] to =get t !y nev] atta9 _!  
full humanity until ?r\gh love !y h giv5
 _! husb& a *ild & _! *ild a fa!r4   ,we
 h n spok5 "h ( ! "y wom5 :o are unm>ri$
 wives ( m51 :ile wait+ till ! latt] are
 able to provide a home = ! *ild & a    
full dome/ic life4 ,^! wom5 may1 x is   
true1 exp]i5ce ! grief ( hav+ tru/$ too 
mu* to _! own or ano!r's he>t4 ,b !y h  
be5 pure 9 _! w & _! w has be5 direct$  
t[>ds ! future dome/ic life1 n t[>ds    
8adv5tures10 ^: only value = !m has be5 
t !y rapidly succe$$ ea* o!r4  ,! "y    
wom5 allud$ to mu/1 !re=e1 be c>efully  
di/+ui%$ f ^? :o h become ! hetair ( !  
pres5t day4 ,^! neo-,greek wom5 are     
f9ely cultur$1 ri*ly end[$1 *oice & pure
 types ( ! c]ebral & polygam\s woman4   
,love = !m is an elem5t (               
enjoym5t--some:at high] ?an t ( !       

cig>ette ) :i* _! da9ty f+]s toy1 or ( !
 alcohol :i* w>ms _! pale *eeks--b      
decid$ly l[] ?an ! joy ( col\r or !     
intoxication ( poetry4  ,!y %>e ) man ! 
joy ( "w1 ! desire ( creation1 delight 9
 beauty1 ideas1 & fre$om 9 love4 ,no?+  
w\ld be m unwelcome to !m ?an possible  
consequ5ces ( _! 8love10 :i* passes f "o
 relation to ano!r1 ) a gr[+ s5se (     
empt9ess1 fatigue1 & pro/ration4        
,unfruitfulness 9 e respect1 t is _! lot
 & _! condemnation2 = life has no use = 
! solit>y unfruitful4 ,sometimes inde$  
!y are n ev5 capable ( cont9u+ to       
live--only to prove aga9 & aga9 t _! s\l
 _c love1 _c create1 _c suff]1 & has no 
o!r w b to free itself f ! tree ( life l
 a damag$ bud1 a spoilt fruit4   ,! "r  
to an exceptional de/9y belongs only to 
"o ^: happ9ess x provides =2 9 o!r      
words1 "o :om x places 9 su* an agreem5t
 betwe5 ! ne$s ( 8 own life & ! surr\nd+
 conditions t ! p[]s ( ! individual ?us 
atta9 _! highe/ possible developm5t4 ,& 
z ?is is seldom ! case :5 ! individual  

creates = himself a position :i* places 
him 9 conflict ) society1 no ?\ghtful   
p]son c ?us ref] to an exceptional de/9y
 ! majority ( "y wom5 n[ oppress$ by    
compulsory lab\r1 :o wi% to improve _!  
lot4 ,! mo/ imm$iate possibility to beg9
 ) is to improve ! "* & conditions ( _! 
lab\r4  ,wom5 mu/ be m eag] to discov]  
or inv5t = !mselves dep>tm5ts ( "w :i* w
 give !m ! opportunity ( express+ some?+
 ( _! fem99e nature1 _! human           
p]sonality4 ,x is "o ( ! gladd5+ signs (
 ! times t ?is is beg9n+ to be done4    
,?us1 = in/ance1 9 ,d5m>k a di/+ui%$    
lady ma!matician--det]m9$ by precisely !
 reasons giv5 above--has ab&on$ h]      
sci5ce & become ! fir/ female inspector 
( factories 9 ,sc&9avia4 ,?us 9 ,g]many 
a lady *emi/1 = ! same reasons1 has *os5
 ! same c>e]4 ,a lady lawy] 9 ! same    
c\ntry is devot+ h]self entirely to !   
protection ( *ildr52 ano!r--9           
,france--to ! pr(ession ( advocate = !  
assi/ance ( poor wom54 ,b !re are /ill  
to be f\nd f> too _m wom5 ^: =tunate    

situation has giv5 !m free *oice 9 _! "w
 & :o1 nev]!less1 h s\ght ! pr(ession   
:i* (f]s !m ! sure/ income or ! l>ge/   
p5sion1 n ! mo/ lib]al use ( _! p]sonal 
p[]s4  ,b ev5 ! possibility ( ! *oice   
belongs to exceptional ability or       
exceptional circum/ances4 ,! majority ( 
wom51 :o mu/ "w or wi% to "w1 h         
difficulty 9 f9d+ a call+ :i* really    
gives !m a backbone1 n m]ely a /ick to  
hold !m up4 ,to r5d] possible a great]  
organic connection betwe5 woman & h] "w1
 no?+ is m necess>y ?an a bus9ess &     
pr(essional ag5cy or ex*ange1 to :i*    
reports w\ld be s5t f diff]5t places z  
to local ne$s ( practical or ideal "w1 &
 !n1 9 connection !re)1 a new k9d (     
mortgage bank1 b "o 9 :i* ! mortgages   
w\ld be ^u "y wom5's c\rage1 indu/ry1 & 
inv5tion2 a bank1 9 fact1 :i* w\ld      
advance on easy t]ms ( repaym5t ! loans 
:i* w\ld be necess>y to enable ^! at    
pres5t unutilis$ assets to be inve/$ 9 !
 weal? ( ! nation4 ,! sum ( happ9ess (  
unm>ri$ wom5 w\ld rise if _! creative   

in/9ct 7 ?us at lea/ direct$ into a     
/rong & heal?y activity1 by means ( :i* 
!y c\ld 9 "s measure satisfy _! ne$ (   
hav+ some?+ to c>e =1 ( evok+ ar\nd !m  
com=t & beauty4  ,no fund w\ld be m     
wor?y ( ! subscriptions ( enlight5$     
patrons ?an su* a "o z ?is4  ,x is      
important1 aga91 t all ^? wom5 :o are   
=c$ to cont9ue work+ = wages %\ld ent]  
into ! social "q at lea/ z mu* z is     
necess>y to make !m und]/& ! duty (     
solid>ity & ! ne$ ( organisation if !y  
w\ld obta9 ! high] wages1 ! %ort] h\rs1 
! summ] holiday1 & ! bett] conditions 9 
o!r respects :i* !y mu/ w9 9 ord] to    
pres]ve 9 "s degree _! spiritual &      
bodily p[]s & ) !m t measure ( joy 9    
life :i* ev]yone may ?us possess4 ,!    
fir/ condition = ?is is t girls :o live 
) _! p>5ts %\ld cease to take "w at o!r 
rates ( pay ?an ^? :i* ! :olly          
self-support+ c live on2 & t wom5 9     
g5]al %\ld cease to ?9k !mselves        
m]itori\s m]ely because !y "w--)\t      
tr\bl+ ab\t ! h>m _! und]paid lab\r may 

d to ! :ole community4  ,b x is n only !
 w to elevate _! own lives1 b above all 
a m lively feel+ = social organisation z
 a :ole t ^! work+ wom5 ne$4 ,_! p]sonal
 dem&s = education1 re/1 beauty1 love1  
mo!rhood1 mu/ be plac$ 9 connection ) ^?
 ( ev]yone else1 s t !y may beg9 to     
claim also = o!rs :at !y desire =       
!mselves4 ,in/ead ( mak+ _! own exi/5ce 
poor] by un=tunate exp]im5ts1 !y ought  
to fill ! s\ls ( o!r wom5 ) _! dreams ( 
a m beautiful life4 ,& to be able to d  
?is !y mu/ be con/antly active & on !   
wat*1 giv+ & tak+ on e h&4  ,?us        
innum]able little /reams swell ! flood (
 wills1 :i* %all "o day remove ! old    
l&m>ks betwe5 ! p[] to wi% & !          
compulsion to r5\nce4 ,?us %all ! woman 
depriv$ ( love be able to =get h] own   
little lot 9 ! de/9y ( ! _m1 & 9 spite (
 ! limitations ( h] own life to feel t  
%e lives by feel+ ! beat ( humanity's   
he>t 9 h] own4     ,,*apt] ,,vi         
,,exemption ,,f ,,mo!rhood   ,to him ^: 
?\ghts g beyond ! surface ( life to its 

dep?s1 ! dem& = ! "r ( mo!rhood is a    
sign ( heal?1 an evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce 9 a
 nation ( ! /rong1 s\nd woman's w to p !
 e>?1 )\t :i* ! nation %all no long]    
live ^u e>?4 ,ev5 if c]ta9 manife/ations
 ( ?is w fall %ort ( ! life-enhanc+     
purpose1 9 itself ! w is only wor?y (   
respect4  ,x is1 h[ev]1 significant ( ! 
confusion ( ideas on ?is subject t !    
evid5ce ( heal? inspires t]ror 9 !      
gu>dians ( morality1 :ile !y reg>d )    
calmness t t5d5cy ( ! age :i* is *>g$ ) 
! mat]ials ( trag$y1 alike = !          
individual & = ! nation--namely1 !      
desire ( exemption f mo!rhood4          
,*ri/ianity1 ) its ext5sion ( ! idea (  
p]sonality & correspond+ lack (         
consid]ation = ! race1 9 opposition to !
 _w ( antiquity1 made m>riage ! affair (
 ! individual4 ,! developm5t ( love has 
c>ri$ on ! lib]ation t ,*ri/ianity      
began4 ,z /at$ 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 !        
*ampions ( ,*ri/ianity con/antly admit !
 "r bo? to rema9 unm>ri$ & to limit !   
bir? ( *ildr51 if bo? are only ! result 

( ab/95ce4  ,to ! evolutioni/1 on ! o!r 
h&1 only ! cause1 n ! mann]1 is ! decid+
 po9t4 ,dang] to ! possible *ildr5 or to
 ! "m h]self2 ! fe> ( pecuni>y or       
p]sonal insuffici5cy = ! br++-up ( !    
*ildr52 ! desire ( us+ all "o's p[]s &  
res\rces = an important life-"w2 a      
,mal?usian po9t ( view 9 ! "q (         
population--^! & o!r motives are reg>d$ 
by ! evolutioni/ z good reasons = limit+
 or altoge!r ab/a9+ f p>5tage4 ,& 9 ?is 
respect ! individual is all[$ fre$om (  
*oice also z reg>ds ! me?od :i* be/     
agrees ) ! op9ion ( sci5ce on hygi5e1 & 
) 8 own on morality & fitness4  ,z soon 
z x is recognis$ t ! individual is also 
an end 9 himself1 ) ! "r & duty (       
satisfy+ 9 ! fir/ place 8 own dem&s     
accord+ to 8 nature1 !n x mu/ rema9 !   
private affair ( ! individual :e!r he w 
ei!r leave altoge!r unfulfill$ 8 mission
 z a memb] ( ! race1 or :e!r he w limit 
its fulfilm5t4  ,b z ! individual _c    
atta9 8 highe/ life-enhancem5t or fulfil
 8 own purpose o!rwise ?an 9 connection 

) ! race1 he acquires duties also t[>ds 
x1 & n lea/ z a sexual be+4 ,if life has
 giv5 ! individual a lot :i* r5d]s moral
 p>5tage possible1 & conditions :i* are 
fav\rable to new lives1 !n ! only moral 
limitation ( ! numb] ( *ildr5 is "o     
:i*--9 & by means ( ! individual's own  
life-enhancem5t & t ( ! *ildr5--is to ! 
advantage ( ! :ole community4  ,b :5    
only petty & selfi% reasons--su* z      
consid]ations ( ! *ildr5's inh]itance1  
p]sonal good-liv+ & voluptu\sness1      
beauty & com=t--det]m9e fa!rs & mo!rs to
 keep ! numb] ( _! *ildr5 bel[ ! av]age 
requir$ to secure ! due increase (      
population1 !n _! conduct is            
anti-social4 ,a p]son1 on ! o!r h&1 :o  
is cont5t ) few or no *ildr51 because he
 or %e has a "w to p]=m1 may be able to 
comp5sate society by ! production (     
ano!r class ( value4  ,to ^! n[ moral1  
n[ immoral1 motives = hav+ few *ildr5 or
 none at all1 mu/ be add$ woman's desire
 to devote h] purely human qualities to 
o!r tasks4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n ref] to  

^? wives :o are oblig$ to e/abli% _!    
m>ri$ life ^u _! own bread-w9n+ lab\r z 
well z _! husb&'s2 a necessity :i* = !  
pres5t h9d]s !m f mo!rhood al?\gh !y are
 cont9ually dream+ ( ! future *ild4 ,x  
is "h a "q only ( wom5's p]sonal        
self-ass]tion4  ,wom5 are no long]      
cont5t to manage _! husb&s' incomes1 b  
wi% to e>n _! own2 !y w n use _! husb& z
 a middleman betwe5 !mselves & society1 
b w !mselves look aft] _! int]e/s2 !y w 
n conf9e _! gifts to ! home b w also put
 !m 9 public circulation4 ,& 9 all ^!   
respects !y are "r4 ,b :51 9 ord] ?us to
 be able to 8live _! life10 !y wi% to be
 8fre$ f ! burd5 ( ! *ild10 "o beg9s to 
d\bt4 ,= until automatic nurses h be5   
inv5t$1 or male volunte]s h (f]$        
!mselves1 ! burd5 mu/ fall ^u o!r wom51 
:o--:e!r !mselves mo!rs or n--are ?us   
oblig$ to be> a d\ble "o4 ,real         
lib]ation = wom5 is ?us impossible2 !   
only ?+ possible is a new division ( !  
burd5s4  ,^? already 8fre$0 decl>e t1 by
 mak+ money1 /udy+1 writ+1 tak+ "p 9    

politics1 !y feel !mselves lead+ a high]
 exi/5ce ) great] emotions ?an ! nurs]y 
c\ld h af=d$ !m4 ,!y look d[n ^u !      
8passive0 function ( be>+ *ildr5--&     
rightly1 :5 x rema9s only passive--)\t  
p]ceiv+ t x embodies z no?+ else does ! 
possibility ( putt+ _! :ole p]sonality 9
 activity4 ,e human be+ has ! "r to     
*oose 8 own happ9ess--or unhapp9ess4  ,b
 :at ^! wom5 h no "r to1 is to be       
consid]$ equally wor?y ( ! respect (    
society ) ^? :o f9d _! highe/ emotions  
?r\gh _! *ildr51 ! be+s :o n only =m !  
f9e/ subject = human art1 b are at !    
same "t ! only "w by :i* ! immortality (
 its creator is assur$4 ,ano!r ?+ t ^!  
wom5 :o are afraid ( *ildr5 _c expect   
is1 t _! exp]i5ce %\ld be consid]$      
equally valuable ) t ( wom5 :o--aft] !y 
h fulfill$ _! imm$iate duties z         
mo!rs--employ = ! public b5efit !       
developm5t !y h ga9$ 9 _! private       
capacity4   ,!re is no secret &         
infallible guide to natural in/9ct1 any 
m ?an !re is to ! t5d5cy ( civilisation4

 ,bo? may lead ! individual z well z !  
race a/ray ) reg>d to ! goal :i* bo?1   
consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 are seek+3  
high] =ms ( life4 ,9 mo!rl9ess1 humanity
 has atta9$ :at is at pres5t its mo/    
p]fect =m ( life )9 ! race tak5 z a     
:ole4 ,mo!rhood is a natural balance    
betwe5 ! happ9ess ( ! individual & ( !  
:ole1 betwe5 self-ass]tion &            
self-devotion1 betwe5 s5su\sness &      
s\lfulness4 ,a great love1 a p[] (      
creation am\nt+ to g5ius1 may 9 solit>y 
in/ances atta9 ! same unity4 ,b ! imm5se
 advantage ( ! "m is t1 ) h] *ild 9 h]  
arms1--)\t be+ consci\s ( a /ruggle &   
)\t belong+ to ! fav\r$ exceptions1--%e 
possesses t unity betwe5 happ9ess & duty
 :i* mank9d z a :ole w atta9 9 o!r      
dep>tm5ts only aft] endless toil &      
tr\ble4 ,b if ?is p]sonal self-ass]tion1
 ?is p]sonal joy 9 woman's consci\sness 
be gradually releas$ f its connection ) 
! *ild1 !n ?is unity w be brok5 up4  ,an
 incid5tal displacem5t ( x 0 necess>y2 =
 ! lib]ation ( woman--l e o!r movem5t ( 

! k9d--involv$ precisely ! di/urbance ( 
t equilibrium :i* _h be5 produc$ by !   
pressure ( sup]ior =ce & by h]$it>y     
in]tness1 an artificial equilibrium1 :i*
 c\ld be ma9ta9$ only by pressure on "o 
side & in]tness on ! o!r4 ,x 0 necess>y 
t daught]s %\ld rise up aga9/ _! fa!rs' 
ideals ( wives2 si/]s aga9/ ! bro!rs'   
%>e ( inh]itance1 :i* _h increas$ s     
greatly to _! co/2 mo!rs aga9/ ! view ( 
_! duties :i* kept !m )9 ! sph]e (      
female animals4  ,!y mu/ c>ry ?r\gh t   
emancipation :i* has already made x     
possible = !m to use _! bra9s--n only _!
 he>ts--9 fulfill+ _! et]nal mission3 t 
( fo/]+ & pres]v+ new lives4  ,already !
 educat$--nay1 ev5 ! un$ucat$--"m ( !   
pres5t day makes use 9 h] c>e ( *ildr5 (
 d\ble ! bra9 p[] b ( only half !       
muscul> =ce t h] gr&mo!r employ$4 ,%e   
kn[s bett] h[ to diff]5tiate betwe5 !   
ess5tial & ! uness5tial2 %e c by        
circumspection obviate mu* toil &       
tr\ble4 ,& :5 all mo!rs receive !       
practical & !oretical tra9+ 9 nurs+     

*ildr5 & ! sick1 :i* mu/ be _! =m (     
univ]sal s]vice correspond+ to ! milit>y
 s]vice ( m51 !n ! problem w be ev5 m   
simplifi$ 9 ! direction ( ! imp]sonal & 
m & m ext5d$ 9 ! direction ( ! p]sonal4 
,! "m mu/ use h] intellig5ce & h]       
imag9ation1 h] arti/ic s5se & h] feel+ =
 nature1 h] in/9cts 9 physiology &      
psy*ology1 9 ord] to provide ! *ild ) ! 
conditions "u :i* x may develop itself 9
 ! be/ & free/ way2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 %e  
mu/ bew>e (--rem\ld+ ! *ild4 ,%e w 9 ?is
 way ga9 mu* "t :i* at pres5t is wa/$ 9 
unnecess>y att5tions & h>mful education4
  ,b avoidance ( ! p]sonal *>ge is      
impossible to ! "m )\t incurr+ ! di%on\r
 ( a fugitive4  ,!re are a numb] ( wom5 
:o ?9k t ! feel+ ( mo!rhood c exi/      
indep5d5tly ( a "m's c>e &              
responsibility = ! *ild1 & t ! latt] may
 !re=e be tak5 *>ge ( by ! community &  
/ill reta9 ! treasure ( mo!rly & fa!rly 
affection4 ,^! wom5 c nev] h reflect$ t1
 ) human be+s z ) animals1 p>5tal       
affection is =m$ by c>e &               

self-sacrifice2 t x rises ) ^!2 t ! less
 dem& is made ^u x1 ! poor] x becomes4  
,:5 a fa!r = a "t takes ! place ( ! "m1 
he becomes z t5d] z %e2 :5 a sick *ild  
exhau/s its "m's /r5g?1 x is ne>e/ h]   
he>t2 & z ! *ild gr[s up1 h] affection  
becomes less spontane\sly intimate1     
al?\gh in/ead x may increase ?r\gh      
p]sonal int]c\rse4 ,/ate c>e ( "y *ildr5
 w\ld mean a )]+ ( ! intimacy ( p>5tal  
affection4 ,! t5d]ness evok$ by ! *ild's
 bodily pres5ce %[s1 bett] ?an any o!r  
feel+1 ! unity ( s\l & s5ses4 ,)\t !    
s5su\s pres5ce1 ! psy*ical impression   
loses its p[]1 z does ! bodily          
impression )\t ! psy*ical4 ,! in/9ct (  
mo!rhood1 l all o!rs1 has be5 =m$ ?r\gh 
con/ancy ( ext]nal conditions4 ,x is    
acquir$ ?r\gh def9ite s5sations &       
associations ( ideas4 ,:5 c]ta9 ( ^!    
emotions1 at fir/ consci\s1 became      
unconsci\s1 & 7 !n p]=m$ by l[]         
n]ve-c5tres1 ! high] n]ve-c5tres1 :i* _h
 =m]ly be5 occupi$1 7 set at lib]ty =   
high] uses4 ,b if ! s5sations &         

associations ( ideas1 :i* orig9ally =m$ 
! in/9ct1 are weak5$1 !n ! in/9ct loses 
its automatic sur5ess4 ,:at work$       
easily1 8( its own accord10 z popul>    
spee* rightly has x1 becomes once m     
labori\s4 ,) ! displacem5t ( ! in/9ct1  
correspond+ dislocations result1 ?\gh ) 
extreme sl[ness1 9 ! organ ) :i* x is   
connect$4 ,?us nurs+ 0 p]haps an acquir$
 faculty1 :i* became 8natural40 ,x has  
n[ become s difficult t among ! upp]    
classes ! majority1 ev5 ) ! be/ w1 c    
sc>cely p]=m ?is function = a c\ple (   
mon?s1 or p]haps n at all4 ,sci5ce is   
already enquir+ into ! possibility ( !  
disappe>ance ( ! mamm>y gl&s & ) !m ( ! 
peculi> "* ( woman's brea/4  ,x is (t5  
only ! future t c decide :at is progress
 & :at deg5]ation4 ,b c]ta9ly no?+ c be 
m unsci5tific ?an to dismiss all anxiety
 ab\t ! future ) ! dogma3 t ! w to live 
9 (fspr+ is s /rong t only ! deg5]ate d 
n possess x1 & t ) a heal?y woman no?+ c
 injure ! mo!rly in/9ct4  ,to a ?9k] ( !
 evolutioni/ s*ool1 ev]y?+ is subject to

 possible trans=mation1 & n[h]e is !re  
any?+ at "w :i* c 8make no diff]5ce40   
,!re is n a bra91 n a n]v\s sy/em :i* c 
evade ev5 ! involunt>y impressions ( !  
/reet4 ,^! s9k into ! subconsci\s s\l & 
!nce may arise aga9 aft] _m ye>s4 ,n "o 
p]son is ! same--or w ev] be !          
same1--:51 = in/ance1 he comes away f a 
lecture1 z he 0 :5 he w5t to x4 ,"s     
psy*ic waves h always be5 set 9 motion &
 ?is motion is cont9u$ to inf9ity4 ,if  
?is is ev5 true ( a notice on a         
%op-front1 or ( a mom5t>y feel+ ( ang]  
or joy1 h[ mu* m !n mu/ x be s ( !      
impressions :i* dom9ate our days & ye>s4
 ,our conceptions are =g$ f ! true or   
false metal ( our moods & become 9 turn 
! implem5ts by :i* ! bronze or gold (   
moods is wr\ght4 ,all sanctity1 all     
self-culture re/ ^u man's p[] ( div]t+  
c]ta9 ?\ghts1 suppress+ c]ta9           
conceptions1 turn+ aside c]ta9 impulses 
( ! w2 ( introduc+ o!r ?\ghts1 int5sify+
 o!r conceptions1 enc\rag+ o!r impulses2
 9 o!r words1 p>tly utilis+ & p>tly     

reject+ c]ta9 /ates ( m9d4 ,9 ?is way1  
bad habits arise f "o class ( moods1    
good habits f ano!r4 ,:5 ^! h acquir$   
suffici5t /r5g?1 new modes ( action1 new
 plans ( life gradually become          
8natural02 new in/9cts are =m$1 9 :i*   
will+ness & reluctance (t5 /& 9 an      
opposite relation to t !y occupi$ at !  
comm5cem5t ( ! process4 ,s5su\sness &   
s\l are ?us bo? ! creations (           
developm5t1 & x is ! voluptu\sness ( _m 
?\s&s ( ye>s t /irs 9 ! "m :5 %e feels  
h] *ild's lips at h] brea/2 x is !      
t5d]ness ( z _m ages :i* b5ds 9 ! %ape (
 e new "m ov] h] *ild's cot4  ,h[ev]    
p[]ful ^! emotions ( ! s5ses & ( ! s\l  
may h become1 !re is always !           
possibility--= ! reasons j giv5--t !    
mighty /ream ( t5d]ness may dry up1 if  
its supply be cut (f1 & t ?us humanity  
may lose its mo/ indisp5sable motive p[]
 9 ! developm5t ( civilisation4  ,our   
de/9y is %ap$1 n only by :at we h       
exp]i5c$1 b also by :at we h turn$ aside
 to avoid exp]i5c+4  ,our consci\s ego  

is made up ( our /ates ( m9d1 ! images1 
feel+s1 & ?\ghts :i* ?r\gh our e>li]    
life h become our inn] prop]ty2 & :i* by
 c]ta9 processes are connect$ ) ea* o!r 
& ) our pres5t ego4 ,! less ^! images1  
feel+s1 & ?\ghts 9 a woman's pa/ life h 
be5 det]m9$ by ! s5se (                 
mo!rhood--intuitive or actual1--! less  
valuable w be ! 8ego0 %e has to ass]t1  
or ! de/9y %e %apes = h]self4 ,& ! woman
 :om no high] reason keeps f mo!rhood is
 a p>asite ^u ! p>5t /em4 ,! majority ( 
^! wom5 h n ev5 a deep] mean+ 9 _! claim
 to 8live _! own life40 ,!y fritt]      
!mselves away 9 _m directions & d n get 
mu* pr(it by ! process--s9ce x is only  
great feel+s :i* give great rew>ds4  ,^!
 wom51 :o ?us )\t m ado r5\nce mo!rhood1
 h !y ev] held a *ild1 n 9 _! bosom1 b  
ev5 9 _! arms8 ,h !y ev] felt ! ?rill ( 
t5d]ness su* a s(t-limb$ creature1 made1
 z x seems1 ( a fl[]'s s(t surfaces &   
fair t9ts1 inspires8 ,h !y ev] fall5 9  
wor%ip be=e ! great & m>vell\s _w t we  
?\ghtlessly call 8a little *ild's s\l08 

,if !y h n1 !n we c und]/& ^! poor wom51
 :o d n p]ceive _! pov]ty1 wi%+ to make 
! ri* z poor z !mselves--:]eas all !    
poor %\ld be made ri*4  ,if ?is         
8lib]ation0 ( woman's p]sonality        
succe$s1 x may g ) h] z ) ! pr9cess 9 ! 
/ory1 :o f\nd h]self 9 ! ra9 outside !  
k+dom %e _h giv5 up = a toy4  ,9 a mod]n
 poem a woman1 :5 (f]$ z a consolation !
 ?\ght t *ildlessness w sp>e h] _m      
suff]+s1 exclaims3    ,sp>$6 ,to be sp>$
 :at ,i 0 born to h3    ,i am a woman & 
?is my fle%    ,dem&s its nature's      
pangs1 its rightful ?roes1    ,& ,i     
implore ) vehem5ce ^! pa9s6    7,,/eph5 
,,phillips47  ,:5 ?is ceases to be !    
desire & ! *oice ( woman1 !n !          
prophecies ( pessimi/ic ?9k]s ( !       
volunt>y ext9ction ( ! human race w be 9
 a fair way to be realis$4 ,b 9 t case  
wom5 w\ld n possess ! nobility :i* a    
logical read+ ( ! _w's processes        
implies3 !y w\ld only op]ate l a :eel   
unconsci\sly roll+ t[>ds ! abyss4   ,to 
e ?\ghtful p]son1 x is becom+ increas+ly

 evid5t t ! human race is approa*+ !    
p>t+ ( ! ways = its future de/9y4       
,ei!r--speak+ g5]ally--! old division ( 
lab\r1 f\nd$ 9 nature1 mu/ cont9ue3 t by
 :i* ! majority ( wom5 n only be> b also
 br+ up ! new g5]ation )9 ! home2 t     
m5--directly 9 m>riage or indirectly    
?r\gh a ,/ate provision = mo!rhood--%\ld
 "w = wom5's support dur+ ! ye>s !y are 
p]=m+ ?is s]vice to society2 & t wom51  
dur+ _! m5tal & bodily developm5t1 %\ld 
aim1 9 _! *oice ( "w & _! habits ( life1
 at pres]v+ _! fitness = _! possible    
mission z mo!rs4  ,or1 on ! o!r h&1     
woman mu/ be br\ght up = rel5tless      
competition ) man 9 all ! dep>tm5ts (   
production--?us necess>ily los+ m & m ! 
p[] & ! desire to provide ! race ) new  
human mat]ial--& ! ,/ate mu/ und]take ! 
bre$+ z well z ! re>+ ( *ildr51 9 ord]  
to lib]ate h] f ! c>es :i* at pres5t mo/
 h9d] h] fre$om ( movem5t4  ,any        
compromise c only relate to ! ext5t1 n  
to ! k9d1 ( ! division ( lab\r2 = no    
hygi5e1 h[ev] intellig5t1 no alt]$      

conditions ( society ) %ort] h\rs (     
lab\r & bett] pay1 no new sy/em ( /udy )
 mod]ate bra9work c aboli% ! law (      
nature3 t woman's function z a "m1      
directly & indirectly1 creates a ne$ (  
caution1 :i* at times int]f]es ) h]     
daily "w if %e obeys ! ne$2 :ile if1 on 
! o!r h&1 %e disreg>ds x1 x rev5ges     
itself on h] & on ! new g5]ation4 ,nor  
c\ld any improvem5ts 9 ! c>e ( *ildr5 & 
dome/ic arrangem5ts prev5t :at always   
rema9s above ^! ?+s--if ! home is to be 
m ?an a place = eat+ & sleep+--f tak+ up
 "t & ?\ght1 p[]s & feel+s4 ,if1 !re=e1 
we are to reta9 ! old division ( lab\r1 
"u :i* ! race has hi!rto progress$1 !n  
woman mu/ be won back to ! home4  ,b ?is
 involves m ?an a ?or\gh trans=mation ( 
! pres5t conditions ( production2 = we  
are "h face to face ) ! pr(\nde/ movem5t
 ( ! "t1 woman's desire ( fre$om z a    
human be+ & z a p]sonality1 & 9 ?is we  
are confront$ ) ! greate/ tragic        
conflict ! _w's hi/ory has hi!rto       
witness$4 ,= if x is tragic en\gh = an  

individual or a nation rel5tlessly to   
seek out its inn]mo/ ego & to foll[ x   
ev5 to de/ruction--h[ tragic w x n be1  
:5 ! same applies to half ( humanity8   
,su* a trag$y is pr(\nd ev5 :5 x occurs 
9 ! /ruggle betwe5 :at are usually call$
 ! 8good0 & 8evil0 p[]s 9 man--a =m (   
spee* :i* foll[]s ( ! religion ( ,life h
 giv5 up1 s9ce !y "k t s-call$ crime may
 also increase human nature & human     
wor?2 t :at is pr(\ndly human may appe> 
z evil & yet be heal?y & beautiful1 s9ce
 x involves ! enhancem5t ( life4 ,b     
inf9itely great] w be ! trag$y :5 !     
conflict arises betwe5 p[]s             
unque/ionably good--^? 9 ! highe/ s5se  
life-enhanc+--& n ev5 betwe5 second>y   
p[]s ( ?is ord]1 b betwe5 ! v highe/1 ! 
fundam5tal p[]s !mselves1 ! pr(\nde/    
conditions ( be+4  ,t is h[ woman's     
tragic problem n[ /&s1 if we leave out (
 consid]ation ! egoi/s j allud$ to &    
turn our eyes to ! majority3 woman's    
nature aga9/ man's nature1 ex]cise ( p[]
 9 ord] to satisfy ! claims ( ! memb] ( 

! race or ^? ( ! p]sonality4 ,if        
,%akespe>e came back to e>?1 he w\ld n[ 
make ,hamlet a woman1 = :om ! "q 8to be 
or n to be0 w\ld be full ( a d\ble      
pa?os3 ! et]nal t]ror ( ! human race & !
 new t]ror ( ! female sex be=e its own  
riddle2 ! be>] ( ! mo/ ref9$ spiritual  
consci\sness ( ! "t1 & !re=e--:ile =c$  
by circum/ances to make a decision--a   
victim ( hesitancy1 d\bt1 & =tuity4 ,z  
true z t all life is a developm5t ( =ce1
 s is x t happ9ess is an ev] m complete 
use ( "o's p[]s1 ev] ri*] 9 promise = ! 
future1 9 ! direction ( _! greate/      
aptitude4 ,b :5 ^! aptitudes lead 9 two 
contr>y directions1 !n ! s\l is 9 ! same
 position z ! w&]]s 9 ! leg5d ( ,!seus1 
:om ! 8p9e-b5d]s0 b\nd to ! tops ( two  
trees4  ,! /ruggle t woman is n[ c>ry+  
on is m f>-rea*+ ?an any o!r2 & if no   
div]sion occurs1 x w f9ally surpass 9   
fanaticism any w> ( religion or race4   
,! woman's movem5t circles r\nd !       
p]iph]y ( ! "q )\t f9d+ any radius to   
its c5tre1 :i* is ! limitation ( human  

exi/5ce to "t & space2 ! limitation ( ! 
s\l 9 ! p[] ( simultane\sly giv+ itself 
up to diff]5t sph]es ( ?\ght & feel+1 & 
! limitation ( ! body 9 ! capacity =    
be>+ a con/antly increas$ burd54  ,!    
heavie/ cause ( deg5]ation at ! pres5t  
"t--! necessity = millions ( wom5 ( e>n+
 _! bread "u mis]able conditions1 & !   
risk t !y may lose1 "s ! possibility1 "s
 ! wi%1 = mo!rhood--may disappe>1 &     
nev]!less ! *ief problem w rema9 unsolv$
 = any woman :o has atta9$              
individually-human developm5t4  ,9 h[ev]
 high degree a woman may be bodily &    
m5tally compet5t1 ?is c nev] prev5t ! "t
 h] outdoor "w occupies be+ a d$uction f
 ! "t %e c be/[ on h] home1 s9ce %e _c  
simultane\sly be 9 two places2 %e _c h  
h] ?\ghts & feel+s simultane\sly c5tr$  
^u & absorb$ by h] "w & h] home4 ,& all 
t is p]sonal 9 h] home life1 all t _c be
 left to ano!r1 w ?us necess>ily int]f]e
 ) h] individual fre$om ( movem5t1 9 an 
inw>d z well z an outw>d s5se4  ,if !   
*ild & ! husb& mean any?+ at all 9 a    

woman's life1 %e _c all[ ano!r to h !   
affection1 ! c>e1 & ! anxiety ab\t !m3  
%e mu/ give h] own s\l to ?is4  ,b !n1  
on ! o!r h&1 x w int]f]e ) h] book1 h]  
picture1 h] lecture1 h] rese>*1 j z     
infallibly z w\ld ! tr\ble ( 9 h] own   
p]son nurs+ & tak+ c>e ( ! *ild-- a     
tr\ble :i* %e is really able to r5\nce1 
?\gh ) a great loss ( happ9ess & (      
insight into ! *ild's "*4  ,9 a ^w1 !   
mo/ mom5t\s conflict is n betwe5 heal? &
 sickness1 developm5t or deg5]ation1 b  
betwe5 ! two equally /rong1 heal?y1 &   
beautiful =ms ( life3 ! life ( ! s\l or 
! life ( ! family4  ,_m wom51 :o see !  
necessity ( decid+ = "o or ! o!r1 *oose 
! =m] & ?us avoid or limit _! mo!rhood1 
s9ce !y believe !mselves to h ano!r1    
ri*] contribution to make to            
civilisation4 ,b w\ld n ! race h ga9$ m 
by ! tal5ts ( :i* ^! gift$ wom5 might h 
be5 ! mo!rs8  ,we may pity = _! own sake
 ! b>r5 wom5 ( ! ari/ocracy or          
plutocracy1 :o f pure selfi%ness h      
refus$ to become mo!rs4 ,b !y d an      

involunt>y s]vice to ! race1 9 t few]   
deg5]ate *ildr5 are born4  ,full-blood$ 
wom51 9 a m5tal or bodily s5se1 are1 on 
! o!r h&1 ! mo/ valuable f ! /&po9t (   
g5]ation4 ,:5 ^! are cont5t ) "o *ild or
 none1 because !y wi% to devote !mselves
 to _! individual pursuits1 !n x is _!  
"w1 n ! race1 :i* receives ! ri*ness (  
_! blood1 ! fire ( _! creative joy1 !   
sap ( _! ?\ght1 & ! beauty ( _! feel+s4 
,b x may be--accord+ to a v mod]ate     
calculation--t !re are annually produc$ 
by ! wom5 ( ! _w a hundr$ ?\s& novels & 
works ( art1 :i* might bett] h be5 boys 
& girls6  ,x is ne>ly always ! be/ wom5 
:o are confront$ by ! tragic necessity (
 *oos+ "o sph]e or ! o!r1 or ( divid+   
!mselves 9 an unsatisfi$ way betwe5 !   
two2 =1 ! m !y increase _! dem&s ^u     
!mselves1 ! m surely d !y feel ?is      
p>tition z a half-measure4  ,p>tly by   
economical necessity1 h[ev]1 p>tly by ! 
_s ( ! age1 ! *oice is m & m (t5 det]m9$
 9 fav\r ( "w1 :5 ! two alt]natives are 
ev5ly balanc$ 9 a woman's own feel+s2 = 

! emancipation ( wom5 has laid ! /ress (
 feel+ ^u indep5d5ce1 social "w1        
creation4 ,?is has rais$ ^!             
consid]ations 9 ! m9d ( woman to ! same 
ext5t z x has depreciat$ ^? ( home life4
 ,want ( psy*ological insight makes !   
*ampions ( wom5's rights c&id :5 !y     
decl>e t !y h nev] depreciat$ ! tasks ( 
! home1 b on ! contr>y h tri$ to educate
 woman = !m4 ,s*ools ( h\sekeep+ des]ve 
all recognition1 b z reg>ds creat+      
great] en?usiasm = dome/ic duties !y h n
 hi!rto be5 signally successful4 ,x is  
because _! en?usiasm has be5 direct$ to 
e manife/ation ( woman's desire to "w 9 
man's =m] sph]e1 t ! call+ ( wife & "m  
has n[ lo/ 9 attraction4  ,view$        
hi/orically1 ! "w ( emancipation mu/ be 
advanc$ by ?is "o-sid$ en?usiasm4 ,b n[ 
x is a "q :e!r woman1 9 a new way1 w be 
capable ( be+ inspir$ by devotion to h] 
purely womanly sph]e ( activity8  ,=    
no?+ %ort ( ?is w\ld 9 ! ma9 be !       
solution ( ! "q4 ,a return to ! old     
ideal ( womanl9ess w\ld be z un?9kable z

 x w\ld be un=tunate4 ,a cont9u$ /ruggle
 to get rid ( ! anci5t division ( lab\r 
betwe5 ! sexes is ?9kable--& equally    
un=tunate4 ,t woman %\ld apply h] new w 
to h] anci5t mission w\ld be ! mo/      
=tunate solution4 ,b--is ?is ev5        
?9kable8  ,! answ] is unconditionally 9 
! negative z reg>ds exceptional natures1
 su* z n[1 9 _! increas$ vitality &     
capacity = suff]+1 beat _! heads aga9/ !
 limitation ( life :i* prev5ts _! giv+  
!mselves :olly ei!r to love1 or to ! joy
 ( mo!rhood1 or to ! mission (          
civilisation4  ,"h we are fac$ by !     
fundam5tal cause ( ! mod]n woman's      
n]vosity4 ,%e lives ye> 9 & ye> out     
above h] p[]s4  ,%e /ill reta9s ! old   
consci\sness t a "m ought to be         
unselfi%ly absorb$ 9 h] mission2 t %e   
ought to repose 9 x ) a pr(\nd calm2 t  
%e ought !re=e to all[ ! inn] voices1   
:i* urge h] to foll[ h] in/9ct ( p]sonal
 developm5t1 to rema9 unhe>d4 ,add$ to  
?is1 %e has ! new consci\sness t !      
br++-up ( a *ild dem&s ! same undivid$  

att5tion z ! production ( a "w2 t ! *ild
 is j z s5sitive z ! "w to a divid$ m9d1
 a w&]+ att5tion4 ,%e wi%es1 z an       
au?oress has aptly said1 8t %e c\ld be  
at ! same "t ! "m ( pa/ ages3 ! pati5tly
 be>+ c>yatid1 :o 0 always 9 h] place1 )
 ! b[l ready = ! *ild's ?ir/y lips2 & ! 
"m ( ! pres5t day3 ev] on ! move1 seek+ 
out all new pa?s1 qu5*+ h] ?ir/ at all !
 spr+s ( life40 ,%e becomes m & m       
unique1 by be+ ev] m firmly & delicately
 individualis$1 & 9 ! process h] desire 
increases to live h] own life 9 e       
direction4 ,b at ! same "t h] feel+ (   
community ) ! race increases1 & !re) h] 
consci\sness ( responsibility z "m &    
human be+ becomes m & m ar\s$4 ,! m     
8egoc5tric0 %e has become1 ! less does  
%e rema9 a family-egoi/4 ,! dem&s ( h]  
p]sonality become ev] m def9ite1 ev]    
wid] b at ! same "t m fa/idi\s 9 _!     
*oice1 ev] m difficult to satisfy4 ,h]  
gr[+ s5se ( p]sonal dignity imposes on  
h] an ev] /rong] self-control--:ile h]  
:ole be+ is quiv]+ ) an ev] m delicate  

s5sitiv5ess4  ,& ^u ?is new woman1 :o is
 already ! embodim5t ( unre/1 ?ir/ =    
life1 & suff]+1 ! hungry1 viol5t _s ( ! 
pres5t day fl+s itself l a cat seiz+ a  
bird4 ,a hundr$ times a day su* a woman 
is =c$ to subord9ate ! claims (         
p]sonality to ^? ( society2 a hundr$    
times ! w ( h] p]sonality has to elude  
h] feel+ ( responsibility4 ,p]fect$     
me?ods ( "w may sp>e h] h&s & h]        
foot/eps1 b !y _c prev5t h] eyes f wat*+
 ) increas+ disquiet ! balance :]e9     
affection1 sympa?y1 & responsibility are
 weigh$ aga9/ h] mo/ intimate long+1 h] 
creative joy1 h] ?ir/ = solitude1 & h]  
self-developm5t4 ,& z fir/ "o side ( !  
balance rises & !n ! o!r1 x w always    
seem to h] t ! heavi] "o conta9s a piece
 ( liv+ fle% cut f h] he>t2 :ile ! side 
:i* is--= ! mom5t--light] has no?+ b    
dead1 ?\gh p]haps gold51 weights4  ,!   
bra9-woman's "t-tables "k no?+ (        
collisions4 ,h] tra9-s*$ule is cle>3    
nurs+ in/itute & k9d]g>t51 s*ool &      
dormitory = ! *ildr51 ^: numb] is fix$  

accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( society4 ,!  
meals are s]v$ automatically f a common 
kit*52 ! h\sekeep+ is done by add+ up ! 
ca%-book4 ,9 a co/ume design$ = "w or   
a?letics1 %e goes to h] /udy4 ,:5 ! "w  
is done1 !re is five m9utes' conv]sation
 on ! telephone ) ea* ( ! *ildr52 two   
h\rs' ex]cise 9 ! op5 air4 ,9 !         
aft]noon1 t5 m9utes' conv]sation on !   
telephone ) h] husb&1 ?irty-five m9utes'
 pause = reception ( ideas2 ! ev5+ is   
giv5 up to meet+s ( a utilit>ian or     
social nature4 ,on ,sundays1 ! husb& &  
*ildr5 are invit$1 :5 ?ree h\rs are set 
ap>t = ! elim9ation ( _! defects1 ! re/ 
( ! "t = pr(itable amusem5t4 ,su* a     
woman nev] has a ?\ght ( ! *ildr5 :ile  
at "w2 nev] wants to snat* t5 m9utes'   
extra *at ) h] husb&1 nev] has prompt+s 
at night4 ,%e wakes refre%$ aft] !      
hygi5ic numb] ( h\rs' sleep2 ev]y?+ goes
 l clockwork--bett] inde$1 = ! woman ( !
 future is nev] beh9d or ahead ( "t4 ,b 
love's selection w probably n t5d t[>ds 
any great increase ( ?is type1 ^: pres5t

 repres5tatives seem physically &       
psy*ically s little affect$ by mo!rhood1
 t = _! "p "o is incl9$ to believe 9 !  
/ork6 ,& ) ! o!r poor1 weak1 & 8s5sual0 
creatures ! blood w no d\bt cont9ue to  
be 8a /range sap10 :i* makes ! head hot 
) angui% :5 x ought to be cool = ?\ght2 
:i* =ces ! he>t to beat ) long+1 :5 x   
ought to be /ill = decid+2 :i* makes !  
n]ves quiv] ) anxiety1 :5 !y ought to be
 t5se = creation4  ,& x is !            
consci\sness ( ?is :i* 9 h] inn]mo/ he>t
 makes ! new woman %y ( ! love = :i* %e 
longs4 ,a little emotion %e w n give2 ! 
great "o w\ld swall[ up all ! =ces ( h] 
s\l1 & :at w\ld !n become ( ! revelation
 ( h] p]sonality1 ( ! ^w %e alone among 
all be+s has )9 h]1 ! ^w = ! pron\ncem5t
 ( :i* %e 0 born8  ,mona ,lisa's my/]i\s
 smile--int]pret$ by ,b>rs z une        
clairvoyance sans tri/esse--expresses1 z
 someone has said1 ! fem99e             
individualism ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,x is    
c]ta91 on ! o!r h&1 t ! fem99e          
individualism ( ! pres5t day has a      

clairvoyance t is sorr[ful ev5 to dea?4 
,nev] has ! e>? se5 a m complicat$ &    
contradictory be+ ?an ?is woman1        
melan*oly & wi/ful1 cold & s5sitive1    
?ir/+ = life & tir$ ( life at ! same "t4
 ,! blood dances o!rwise 9 h] ve9s1 s+s 
ano!r song 9 h] e>s1 ?an x has 9 ^? (   
any o!r woman s9ce "t began4 ,%e sees   
?r\gh h] husb& & is a /rang] to him2 8  
desire seems brutal to h] f9ely-%ad$ &  
contradictory moods3 %e is n won1 ev5 :5
 %e all[s h]self to be embrac$4 ,%e fe>s
 ! *ild1 s9ce %e kn[s %e _c fulfil its  
simple dem&s4 ,:5 fate attempts to tune 
^! fragile be+s to _! full pit*1 !y     
break l h>p-/r+s "u a r\gh t\*4 ,!y are 
only able to live p>tially--b ?us !y d n
 f9d life wor? liv+4  ,ev5 if su* a     
woman *ooses ?is p>tial life & gives    
h]self entirely to "w1 %e w nev]!less be
 /ill di/urb$1 9 ! doma9 ( p]sonal      
self-ass]tion1 by ! woman's nature %e   
has 9 ! ma9 suppress$2 = %e w (t5 be    
confront$ by ! *oice ( n succe$+ at all 
or ( succe$+ by ! means ( man1 ! means  

%e abhorr$ 9 him be=e %e h]self discov]$
 t x is ! /ruggle = exi/5ce :i* gives ! 
bird ( prey its beak & claws4  ,%e is   
=c$ to lam5t 9 ! *oice betwe5           
rel5tlessly seek+ h] own or fail+2      
betwe5 ! necessity ( be+ hamm] or anvil1
 ( divid+ h]self 9 ord] to give1 or     
collect+ h]self 9 ord] to create4 ,until
 woman took up a position 9 ! _w (      
public competition1 %e did n suff] f ?is
 necessity4 ,x 0 ?us t--9 a lit]al z    
well z a spiritual s5se--%e c\ld af=d to
 develop affection1 sympa?y1 goodness4  
,x is !re=e a melan*oly tru? t woman's  
nature1 z x has become :5 remov$ f !    
/ruggle = exi/5ce1 is pr(\ndly oppos$ to
 ! condition :i* 9 ! pres5t economical &
 psy*ological circum/ances br+s success 
9 ?is /ruggle1 ! condition1 namely1 (   
=c+ "o's way ov] o!rs4  ,?is conflict   
(t5 beg9s 9 a field :]e woman _c r5\nce 
h] relation to mo!rhood--t is1 :]e %e   
h]self is ! daught]4 ,ev5 9 ?is "* %e   
has a *oice to make1 pa9 to inflict & to
 suff]4  ,:5 we ?us see ! woman ( !     

pres5t day plac$ betwe5 insoluble       
conflicts on e side--or agonis+1 if     
solv$--we are no long] tempt$ to agree )
 ! poet's dictum t woman's "n is        
weakness4 ,= 9 e fibre we feel t h] "n  
is pa94   ,^? m5 :o1 f ! obs]vation t   
woman's pr(essional & bra9 "w seems to  
/& 9 inv]se proportion to h] fecundity1 
h drawn ! conclusion t woman mu/ 8return
 to nature10 leave h] bra9 unemploy$ &  
exclusively be> *ildr51 are easily      
refut$4 ,!re is no satisfactory evid5ce 
t m5tal "w 9 itself ne$ injure woman's  
capacity = easy & happy mo!rhood4 ,9 !  
animal _w1 z among savages1 ! females   
easily be> mo!rhood toge!r ) o!r great  
burd5s4 ,9 civilis$ communities1 on !   
o!r h&1 x is p>tly ?r\gh a l[] class1 ^:
 bodies are ov]work$1 p>tly ?r\gh an    
upp] class1 :o ov]work _! bra9s--or else
 d n "w at all1--t ! physical           
difficulties ( mo!rhood h aris54 ,t !   
_w's greate/ female g5iuses h _h few    
*ildr5 or none1 is 9 full analogy ) !   
great male g5iuses--:ile ^! m5 z a rule 

h _h gift$ & di/+ui%$ mo!rs1 an exp]i5ce
 :i* alone is suffici5t pro( t woman's  
8weak-m9d$ness0 may n be ! mo/ fav\rable
 /ate ( m9d = ! enhancem5t ( ! race4 ,no
 conclusive evid5ce c be adduc$ aga9/ ! 
/atem5t t1 :5 bra9work is mod]ate &     
comb9$ ) prop] c>e ( ! heal?1 x may h   
good effects also 9 wom54 ,! same is    
true ( bodily lab\r4 ,b z bo? are c>ri$ 
on at pres5t1 ! woman1 no m ?an ! man1  
has be5 able to keep )9 ! limit ( h]    
p[]s4 ,!re=e at pres5t woman's /udies & 
bread-w9n+ lab\r involve dang]s :i* h   
be5 increas$ "u ! spur ( ! dogma (      
equality1 :i* has driv5 woman on to %[ t
 %e c\ld be> ev]y?+ t man be>s--t is to 
say1 m ?an man or woman c endure4  ,b :5
 once /udies & lab\r h be5 some:at      
organis$1 !y d n 9 !mselves involve     
any?+ t w make ! unm>ri$ woman any less 
fit to be a "m ( ! race2 on ! contr>y1  
!y are c]ta9 to involve mu* t w make h] 
m valuable4 ,x is ?us n = ! unm>ri$     
woman t ! conflict is pres5t$ 9 ! =m ( a
 *oice betwe5 r5\nc+--ev5 9 ! unc]ta9   

possibility ( mo!rhood--! developm5t or 
use ( "o's purely human p[]s4 ,& :5     
p]fect c&\r z reg>ds ! sexual life has  
become ! cu/om betwe5 ! sexes ev5 f     
*ildhood1 x w also be possible = wom51  
dur+ "w1 /udy1 or ex]cise1 to h ^?      
consid]ations = heal? :i* mode/y has    
hi!rto l$ !m to neglect4 ,9 ?is way1 b n
 ?r\gh ! employm5t itself1 _m a woman   
has lo/ h] *ances ( mo!rhood4  ,?us !   
conflict does n comm5ce until m>riage2 &
 = ! exceptionally gift$1 z we h already
 said1 x may be tragic4 ,= ! majority x 
w n become s unless ! wife is oblig$ to 
e>n h] liv+ outside ! home & at ! same  
"t wi%es fully to p]=m h] duties z "m1  
or :5 %e wi%es to att5d to h] p]sonal   
bus9ess b is prev5t$ by a l>ge family f 
s do+4  ,! "q is ?us = ! majority3 ei!r 
! ab&onm5t ( ! "w :i* produces a liv+1  
or ! limitation ( ! numb] ( *ildr54  ,! 
fir/ alt]native w be dealt ) lat]4 ,z = 
! second1 x is "h t ! ma9 conflict takes
 place4  ,x is f ! po9t ( view ( !      
ennobl+ ( ! race1 z well z f t ( !      

nation1 t m5 implore wom5 to 8return to 
nature0#d2 x is f t ( civilisation t    
wom5 n[ refuse nature _! allegiance4    
,no?+--ev5 f ! national po9t ( view--is 
m ju/ifi$ ?an woman's unwill+ness to    
produce *ildr5 by ! doz5 or score4 ,!   
=m] consumption ( wives1 = a man betwe5 
fifty & sixty1 0 seldom less ?an ?ree   
wives 9 succession & z a rule half !    
*ildr5 ( ea* ( !m4 ,limitation ( ! numb]
 ( *ildr5--ap>t f o!r sociological po9ts
 ( view--has above all ! advantage1 t _m
 *ildr5 ( poor quality return a l[      
int]e/ ^u ! capital ( work+-p[]s & o!r  
exp5ses t _! bir? & br++-up co/1 :ile a 
small] numb] ( fully effici5t *ildr5    
return a high rate ( int]e/ 9 ! %ape (  
increas$ work+-p[]s1 z is suffici5tly   
%[n by ! prosp]ity ( ,france4  ,b :5 we 
turn to ! "q1 up to :at po9t !          
limitation may be unatt5d$ ) dang] ei!r 
to ! nation or to ! individual1 !n      
op9ion is s %>ply divid$ t to any       
unprejudic$ exam9ation x mu/ seem       
premature at pres5t to lay d[n ! l9e (  

developm5t ( ! woman's "q z co9cid+ ) ! 
limitation ( ! numb] ( *ildr54 ,ev5 if x
 be f9ally agre$ t a nation's welf>e    
dem&s ( ! wom5 :o ought & c be mo!rs1 ! 
bir? & upbr++ ( b ?ree or f\r *ildr51 x 
is n decid$ t ! enhancem5t ( ! race is  
!reby suffici5tly provid$ =4  ,besides  
:i*1 ! new woman does n want ?ree or f\r
 *ildr51 b only "o or at mo/ two4       
,besides ! dang]1 9 ?is case            
inconte/able1 f ! po9t ( view ( !       
nation1 & ! possible dang] f t ( ! race1
 !re is "h a great dang] = ! *ildr5     
!mselves4 ,_! *ildhood's happ9ess dem&s 
a circle ( bro!rs & si/]s & ! diff]5ce 9
 age betwe5 ! *ildr5 %\ld pref]ably n be
 m ?an two ye>s4 ,n only _! happ9ess b  
_! developm5t is aid$ by ?is4 ,!        
position ( an only *ild1 or ( only son  
or daught]1 usually results 9 *ildhood 9
 great selfi%ness1 :ile 9 lat] ye>s1 on 
! o!r h&1 x produces frequ5tly a heavy  
burd5 ( duty1 & ?us1 9 bo? cases1 br+s  
dang] to h>moni\s developm5t4  ,"o or   
two *ildr5 h a poor]1 & also a m        

dang]\s1 *ildhood ?an ^? :o among a     
numb] ( bro!rs & si/]s le>n ! value (   
mutual consid]ation1 ( %>$ joys &       
tr\bles4 ,?us1 )\t any risk ( loss (    
individuality1 awkw>dness is poli%$ &   
s5sitiv5ess /r5g!n$1 :i* o!rwise 9 lat] 
life w\ld cause great losses ( p[]4 ,= a
 circle ( s*ool-fell[s c only imp]fectly
 take ! place ( ! nurs]y's fir/         
education 9 social humanity4  ,besides  
:i* x may easily happ5 t p>5ts lose an  
only *ild1 or ! only son or daught]4    
,?us p]haps f ! po9t ( view ( ! nation1 
always f t ( ! *ildr51 & mo/ frequ5tly f
 t ( ! p>5ts1 ! normal condition = !    
majority ( heal?y1 well-to-d m>ri$ p mu/
 be1 t ! numb] ( *ildr5 %all n fall %ort
 ( ?ree or f\r4  ,b 9 ?is case a "m mu/ 
reckon t h] *ildr5 w occupy ab\t t5 ye>s
 ( h] life1 if %e w h]self give !m !    
nurs+ & c>e :i* w make !m fully         
effici5t4 ,& dur+ ^! ye>s--if h]        
contribution 9 ei!r direction is to h   
its full value--%e mu/ nei!r divide h]  
p[]s by work+ = a liv+ nor by con/ant   

public activity4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s1 %e may  
cont9ue h] own g5]al developm5t2 %e may 
take occasional "p 9 social "w2 n[ & !n 
%e may h "t = m5tal production4 ,b any  
cont9u\s & exhau/+ "w outside ! home w1 
at lea/ indirectly1 dim9i% h] own vital 
=ce & t ( h] *ildr54  ,?us ! majority ( 
wom5 w nev] avoid a conflict1 la/+ =    
ye>s1 betwe5 ! r5ewal ( ! race & _! own 
outw>d self-ass]tion1 9 :atev] direction
 ! latt] may g2 j z little z !y c avoid 
! conflict ( ! d\ble burd51 n[ laid )   
increas+ frequ5cy ^u wom53 t (          
bread-w9n+ & ! increase ( ! race4  ,:5  
to all ?is is add$ ! ne$1 = bo? husb& & 
wife1 ( mutual conv]se1 & f9ally ! c>es 
( h\sekeep+1 !n e ?\ghtful p]son mu/ see
 t woman--& ) h] society--is confront$  
by a problem 9 ! =m ( 8ei!r--or10 n (   
8bo?--&40  ,only by society und]tak+ !  
support ( ^? wom5 :o by well fulfill+ ! 
duties ( mo!rhood h produc$ ! highe/    
social asset1 c ! "q ( m>ri$ wom5's     
bread-w9n+ be solv$4  ,& only if wom5   
put _! p]sonal creative desire into _!  

mission z mo!rs dur+ _! *ildr5's fir/   
ye>s1 w ! problem be solv$ ( woman's    
self-ass]tion & ( h] simultane\s        
devotion to ! mission ( ! race4   ,no1  
is ! answ] ( ,*>lotte ,p]k9s ,/etson#e &
 ( _m o!rs ) h]2 ! solution is ,/ate c>e
 ( *ildr54 ,look at all ! wret*$ homes1 
:]e ! *ildr5 lack ! mo/ necess>y m5tal &
 bodily conditions = heal?y developm5t4 
,! collective re>+ ( all *ildr5 w\ld be 
bo? bett] & *eap]4 ,only ^? wom5 :o are 
lib]at$ f ! toils ( ! nurs]y & ! kit*5  
are really free4 ,to ! woman accu/om$ to
 public activity1 ! tasks ( ! home are  
monoton\s & tiresome4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z a 
call+ freely *os51 ! c>e ( *ildr5 w\ld  
satisfy ^? :o h ! gift = x4 ,! majority 
( mo!rs are only ape-mo!rs to _! little 
*ildr51 &1 z ! latt] gr[ bigg]1 ?is     
vague affection is replac$ by an ob/9ate
 misund]/&+4  ,?is is :at "o he>s ov] & 
ov] aga9 at ! pres5t "t4 ,& ! m x is    
repeat$1 ! m c]ta9 d wom5 become t all  
^! half-tru?s are--! tru?4  ,?us x is ! 
mo!rs :o are n good en\gh to br+ up _!  

own *ildr51 t are expect$ to provide !  
new illu/ri\s lead]s ( ! community4 ,x  
is ! p>5ts :o !mselves lack ! tal5t &   
incl9ation = br++ up *ildr51 t--directly
 or indirectly--w h to sup]9t5d & select
 ! p]sons :o1 9 _! place1 w p]=m !      
duties ( p>5ts4 ,9 o!r words1 !y are to 
discov] & appreciate qualities t !y d n 
!mselves possess4 ,! tr\ble t a woman _c
 take = ! *ildr5 to :om %e has h]self   
giv5 life1 is to be borne by o!r wom5 = 
t51 tw5ty1 or ?irty *ildr51 :o are n _! 
own4  ,ev5 to-day1 !re is sometimes to  
be f\nd a k9d ( primitive type (        
womanl9ess1 s widely mat]nal1 ) su* a   
sup]fluity ( /r5g?1 ( t5d]ness1 ( tal5t 
= organisation t x is too p[]ful = a    
s+le home2 a type :i* really possesses !
 imm5se weal? ( spiritual ela/icity1    
joy1 & w>m?1 t is necess>y 9 ord] t e   
su* *ild %\ld h its full %>e ( ^!4 ,b   
mo/ wom5 probably d n possess any m ( ^!
 ?+s ?an is j suffici5t = _! own *ildr54
 ,& ) ^! 8elect$ mo!rs10 quickly worn   
out z !y w\ld be1 t51 tw5ty1 or ?irty   

*ildr5 w\ld be z badly (f m5tally z !y  
w\ld be bodily if a s+le "m's milk _h to
 be divid$ among !m all4 ,x is ev5 n[ a 
s]i\s loss to society t s _m human be+s 
are enfeebl$ = life by insuffici5t      
n\ri%m5t 9 *ildhood4 ,b accord+ to !    
plan we h be5 discuss+1 :i* n[ has s _m 
adh]5ts1 ev]yone w\ld be />v$ 9 *ildhood
 z reg>ds affection4 ,x is ev5 n[ a     
s]i\s loss to culture t s*ool-life makes
 *ildr5 uni=m4 ,/ill m irrep>able w\ld  
be ! h>m if _! fa%ion+ 7 9 ! h&s ( a    
?or\gh-go+ ,/ate c>e ( *ildr54  ,! dang]
 ( uni=mity is insep>able f ! pres5t    
t5d5cy to a h>d-&-fa/ organisation (    
society1 ) an ev] great] ne$ (          
co-op]ation1 an ev] clos] connection1 an
 ev] m intimate feel+ ( relation%ip     
betwe5 its compon5t p>ts4 ,!            
organisation mu/ g on1 because1 among/  
o!r reasons1 x is only 9 ?is way t !    
individual c n[ ga9 increas$ fre$om =   
developm5t & ! use ( 8 p]sonal p[]s4 ,b 
if ^! increas$ possibilities ( satisfy+ 
p]sonal ne$s & us+ p]sonal p[]s are to  

be ( value to ! individual--& ?r\gh him 
to ! :ole community--!n we mu/ also h "s
 individualities left :o w be capable ( 
tak+ advantage ( _! possibilities4  ,&  
n[ x is c]ta9 t ! home--) its *ang+     
conditions ( good & evil--is fir/ &     
=emo/ ! be/ means ( =m+ an organically  
develop+ s5se ( solid>ity ) ! :ole      
community4 ,life itself creates 9 ! home
 an int]-dep5d5ce among its memb]s1 a   
sympa?y = o!rs' de/9y1 a contact ) !    
realities ( life1 & ) ! s]i\sness ( "w1 
:i* no in/itution c create4 ,x is by !  
ef=ts ( a fa!r & a "m t ! joys ( home   
are provid$2 x is affection = all :i*   
c\nt]-balances ! mutual rights ( all2   
:i* gives to ea* 8 weight & 8 c\nt]poise
 9 a way s natural t ! me?odical        
arrangem5ts ( an in/itution w\ld nev] be
 able to imitate x4 ,& fur!rmore1       
diff]5t homes1 ) ! v>iety ( diff]5t     
impressions !y (f]1 are ! be/ means (   
=m+ diff]5t *>act]s & peculi>ities4     
,h[ev] /rait5$ & poor 9 e s5se a home   
may be1 x nev]!less1 z a rule1 provides 

m p]sonal fre$om ( movem5t & results 9  
less uni=mity ?an a collective sy/em (  
br++-up4  ,if ?is is ev5 true ( ^? homes
 :]e !re c be no "q ( education 9 a     
high] s5se1 !n 9 bett] homes !          
wat*fulness & w>m? ( affection1 its     
und]/&+ & s5sitiv5ess1 w be ! =ces :i* w
 induce & protect individuality ( "*1 & 
:i* w mo/ surely discov] :at ought to be
 c\nt]act$ & :at left alone =           
self-developm5t4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ !  
insight :i* ! p>5ts' k ( !mselves & (   
ea* o!r gives into _! *ildr5's "*1 an   
insight :i* no /rang] c possess4  ,to   
?is x is object$ t1 if e qu>t] ( a t[n &
 e few squ>e miles ( c\ntry _h its      
8,/ate nurs]y10 p>5ts w\ld (t5 be able  
to see to _! *ildr51 z well z to take !m
 home & ?us h an opportunity ( us+ _!   
influ5ce4 ,b ap>t f ! circum/ance t !   
relation%ip w\ld !n 9 mo/ cases resemble
 t ( ! ,fr5* petite b\rgeoisie visit+ _!
 *ildr5 en n\rrice--t is to say1 t      
affection w\ld be %[n 9 a desire to     
amuse & deck out ! *ild1 to c>ess & play

 ) x--! mo/ important po9t is =gott54   
,?is is t "t1 m "t1 & /ill m "t1 is "o  
condition ( education1 & quiet ! o!r4   
,s\ls are n to be t5d$ l maladies1 9    
fix$ h\rs ( treatm5t4  ,!re is no       
sph]e--z p>5ts are /ill too apt to      
=get--9 :i* ! psy*ological mom5t is m   
important ?an 9 education4 ,! action :i*
 a "m has se5 9 ! morn+1 %\ld (t5 be    
fir/ m5tion$ by ! *ild's b$side at      
night2 ! confid5ce :i* at ! "r mom5t    
might h bur/ f ! *ild's lips1 w nev] be 
giv5 if ! fa!r has n avail$ himself ( t 
mom5t2 ! words :i* pa9$ ! "m ?is week1  
mu/ p]haps wait till next be=e a natural
 opportunity ( effectively combat+ !m   
occurs4 ,! c>ess = :i* a little head    
fev]i%ly longs ?is ev5+1 w p]haps       
to-morr[ leave x indiff]5t4 ,! ^w (     
affection :i* might h be5 all-p[]ful at 
"o mom5t1 is p[]less a c\ple ( h\rs     
lat]4 ,& above all1 direct advice or    
correction is wor?less 9 comp>ison ) !  
unprem$itat$ words t p>5ts let fall 9 ! 
c\rse ( ! day1 ) ! result t ! *ild      

simply sees ! full human life ( its     
p>5ts4  ,only liv+ toge!r on week-days &
 holidays deep5s ! imm$iate influ5ce (  
p>5ts2 only ?is makes x possible = !    
p>5ts to di/+ui% 9 ! *ild ! accid5tal f 
! ess5tial1 ! newly-acquir$ f ! intr9sic
 9 its *ang+ moods4  ,& f9ally1 :5 we   
?9k we h f\nd t *ildr5 receive too mu*  
w>m? at home1 & t !y ought r to be h>d5$
 aga9/ life--h we !n n obs]v$ su*       
8h>d5$0 ones8 ,h we n se5 h[ !y are     
beautifi$ :5 !y are admitt$ to a corn] 9
 a home2 h we n discov]$ t1 ?\gh 9      
intellig5ce !y may be f> 9 advance ( _! 
"t1 _! feel+s are /ill on a level ) ^? (
 ! savage8  ,s f> f homes be+ too w>m1  
!y are seldom suffici5tly w>m$ by ! only
 love t la/s = life1 t ( k &            
compreh5sion4 ,nev] yet 0 a human be+   
too mu* lov$1 b only too little1 or n 9 
! "r way4 ,! :ole _s ( ! age is n[      
oppos$ to ! fa!rly & mo!rly feel+s (    
old] times1 :i* 7 relat$ to ! bl9d      
affection ( animal p>5ts4 ,! affection t
 is left mu/ be int5sifi$1 n weak5$4  ,!

 *ild's spl5did1 unconsci\s happ9ess is 
9 mak+ o!rs happy2 9 be+ answ]$ by !    
smiles x produces2 9 %[+ outbur/s (     
affection & receiv+ affection 9 return2 
9 feel+ ! security & pride ( itself own+
 & belong+ to its fa!r or "m2 9 all[+   
?is delight to %[ itself 9 play &       
c>esses & be+ met ) ! same delight )\t  
its be+ empty4 ,= 9 a home1 :]e "s      
s]i\sness prevails1 a *ild soon le>ns t 
affection also means "w & sacrifice =   
o!rs4 ,f su* affection ! psy*ically     
p]sonal tie ( blood is =m$1 :ile !      
8natural0 "o gr[s weak1 z x is n r5ew$  
by ! app>5tly unimportant daily1 h\rly  
influ5ce ( ! intangible1 invisible ?+s1 
?r\gh :i*1 z ev5 ! ,edda tells u1 !     
inde/ructible ties are =m$4 ,9 a ^w1 !  
home ( "o's *ildhood is = ! developm5t (
 human feel+s1 :at "o's native place is 
= ! developm5t ( patriotism4 ,ev5 n[    
home-life suff]s 9 a disquiet+ degree f 
! s*ool's increas+ grasp ( ! old]       
*ildr52 f ! indiff]5ce to &             
disconnection f ! home :i* occurs :5 x  

sees ! *ildr5 only at meal-times1 on    
,sundays1 & dur+ ! holidays4 ,b if ev5 !
 little *ildr5 7 to be plac$ 9 ! same   
situation1 !n ?is evil w\ld be ext5d$ to
 ! mo/ decisive ye>s ( _! lives4  ,to   
turn n[ f p>5ts & *ildr5 to ! new       
fo/]-mo!rs ( ! t[n & c\ntry nurs]ies1 h[
 is x int5d$ t ^! %all suffice = _! own 
*ildr51 if !y are mo!rs1 h[--if !y are  
mo!rly--are !y to cont5t !mselves ) !   
*ildr5 ( o!rs1 :i* !y w fur!rmore be    
compell$ to lose ov] & ov] aga98 ,h !   
wom5 :o want to be 8fre$0 ev] giv5 a    
?\ght to ! suff]+s ( ^! o!rs8  ,! only  
possibility ( endurance = su* nurses w  
be to give ! *ildr5 only t g5]al k9dness
 t is n en\gh = !m4 ,love !y w n be able
 to give4 ,no ^w is m abus$ ?an love1 n 
lea/ by ! int]pret]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 :o  
att5uate x into a waf] = ! n\ri%m5t (   
all1 "u ! "n ( univ]sal love4 ,b !re is 
no su* ?+ z univ]sal love1 or love (    
humanity2 !re _c be su* a ?+2 x w\ld be 
z mu* a contradiction 9 t]ms z a        
quadrilat]al triangle4 ,!re is a *>ity  

:i* p\rs itself out l oil ^u all w\nds2 
!re is sympa?y 9 joy & sorr[ betwe5     
individuals2 mutual help & mutual       
responsibility 9 society2 a common feel+
 ( rejoic+ or suff]+ ) our nation or )  
humanity at great mom5ts4 ,b all love f 
"o human be+ to ano!r :i* des]ves t "n1 
is 9 ! highe/ degree individual2 x is a 
selection1 a sep>ation4 ,if x is n ?is1 
x is no?+4 ,a woman *ooses h] *ildr5 ev5
 :5 %e *ooses _! fa!r2 & %e (t5 %[s h]  
pref]5ce among ! *ildr5 !mselves4 ,an   
individually develop$ "m rightly ass]ts 
h] privilege ( n lov+ all h] *ildr5     
equally4 ,%e gives !m all ! affection !y
 ne$ 9 ! same degree2 %e is capable ( ! 
same broad ju/ice t[>ds !m all1 b %e has
 = "o ( !m a m p]sonal love ?an = ! re/4
 ,! pr(\nd trag$y 9 ! relations betwe5  
p>5ts & *ildr5 is precisely ?is1 t ?is  
relation%ip is (t5 z passionate z       
p]sonal love1 b )\t ! latt]'s und]/&+2 t
 x involves ! claims ( a great emotion1 
b n ! p[] t an individual feel+ has (   
becom+ int5sifi$ 9 ! same degree z !    

claim is increas$4  ,individual love is 
alone suffici5t = a *ild's ne$s4 ,an    
8elect$ "m0 may p]haps once1 or sev]al  
times1 be able to feel su* a love = "o  
or m ( ! *ildr5 entru/$ to h]4 ,b %e _c 
h ?is love = all ( !m1 & %e w h]self be 
torn asund] :5 "o aft] ! o!r ! *ildr5 %e
 loves are tak5 f h]4  ,! mo!rs = !     
,/ate in/itution mu/ fur!rmore be f\nd  
by ?\s&s1 if ! :ole ( society is to be  
con/ruct$ on ?is plan4 ,& !n x w be ) !m
 z ) ! cl]gy1 :o 9 ! e>lie/             
congregations 7 call$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 b 
aft]w>ds by ! congregation4 ,x w\ld be m
 & m r>ely ! prov$ p]sonal aptitude &   
inn] necessity t w\ld decide ! *oice1 b 
9 its place ! accept$ /&>d ( pr(essional
 tra9+4  ,x is by means ( ^! pr(essional
 mo!rs1 z is n[ ! op9ion1 t *ildr5 w\ld 
h bett] conditions ( life ?an 9 _! own  
homes1 :]e1 9 spite ( all %ortcom+s1    
p]sonal responsibility & p]sonal        
affection r5d] imp]fection 9 ! high]    
grades ( education less dang]\s ?an     
p]fection 9 a l[] grade4  ,exceptional  

circum/ances exi/1 to provide = :i* !   
cr*e1 ! k9d]g>t51 ! asylum1 & !         
indu/rial s*ool mu/ cont9ue = ! pres5t4 
,b in/ead ( try+ to make ^! exp$i5ts    
univ]sal1 we ought to endeav\r to       
eradicate ! causes :i* r5d] !m necess>y4
 ,?is w\ld be road-mak+ 9 ! "r          
direction4 ,! o!r is a %ort cut1 :i* w  
infallibly take u long] r\nd4  ,x is    
true t pov]ty n[ gives _m *ildr5        
unheal?y homes4 ,attack ! causes (      
pov]ty !n1 in/ead ( tak+ away ! *ildr5 &
 leav+ ! p>5ts 9 mis]y4 ,x is true t mu*
 p>5tal affection is injudici\s4 ,!n    
educate p to be p>5ts4 ,x is true t     
p>5ts n[ increase ! inh]itance ( c]ta9  
*ildr5 at ! co/ ( ! o!rs4 ,!n less5 !   
possibility ( ?is4  ,b d n deprive all  
*ildr5 ( _! rightful inh]itance3 home   
feel+s & memories ( home1 home sorr[s & 
home joys1 all t gives its peculi> tone1
 col\r1 & p]fume to e human be+'s       
disposition4  ,d n aboli% ! mo/         
important ( all collective education1 t 
( ! *ildr5 ?r\gh ! p>5ts & ( ! p>5ts    

?r\gh ! *ildr54  ,d\btless1 love's      
fre$om w br+ ab\t m complicat$ family   
relations ?an at pres5t4 ,f ?is po9t (  
view !re seems to be an evid5t advantage
 to ! *ildr5 9 ,/ate in/itutions1 :]e _!
 lives w\ld n be s imm$iately affect$ by
 dislocations 9 ^? ( _! p>5ts4 ,b to    
deprive ! majority ( *ildr5 ( _! homes1 
because ! m9ority might ?us lose !irs1  
w\ld be a worse exp$i5t ?an t ( connect+
 ! home m closely ) ! "m & develop+     
human be+s s t !y may rema9 fri5ds ev5  
:5 !y h ceas$ to be husb& & wife1 & may 
?us cont9ue to be capable ( co-op]at+ = 
! welf>e ( ! *ildr54  ,9 a ^w1 x is n ! 
family t ought to be aboli%$1 b ! rights
 ( ! family t mu/ be re=m$2 n education 
by p>5ts t ought to be avoid$1 b        
education ( p>5ts t mu/ be introduc$2 n 
! home t ought to be done away )1 b     
homelessness t mu/ cease4  ,! ,/ate re>+
 ( *ildr5 w\ld "w l ! fe$+ ( f\ndl+s on 
,pa/euris$ milk3 !y sick5$ :5 !y 7 ?us  
depriv$ ( c]ta9 indisp5sable bacilli4 ,!
 p :o 7 br\ght up on ! g]m-free milk (  

univ]sal b5evol5ce1 9 ! unta9t$ air (   
uni=m ord]2 :o _h _! orig9 9 ! love ( ! 
majority1 _! n\ri%m5t f ! automatic     
ma*9e ( ! in/itution1 _! education 9 !  
m\ld ( ! s*ool1 _! occupation z         
wax-mak]s 9 ! social hive--^! un=tunate 
creatures might f9d exi/5ce s tame & s  
empty t ^? ( !m :om we>9ess ( life _h n 
driv5 to suicide be=e ! age ( tw5ty     
might use _! atavi/ic long+ = happ9ess 9
 burn+ d[n ! in/itutions & rebuild+     
homes = human be+s4  ,c p n und]/& t    
,/ate c>e ( *ildr5 w\ld =ce ^u ! "y     
g5]ation life's la/ & h>de/ exp]i5ce1 t 
( n be+ ! mo/ important or ! ne>e/ to   
anyone1 & t ?is heavy fruit--"u :i* old 
trees may give way--might de=m ! "y ones
 = ev]8 ,d n p see t1 ev5 if _m homes   
are n[ hell1 we %\ld n s9k to ! l[e/    
circle ( hell--:i* ,dante's fancy made  
ice-cold--until ! w>m? 0 qu5*$ :i* !    
he>?s ( home /ill ?r[ out1 & _! place 0 
tak5 by ! /eam-heat+ ( ! in/itution8 ,:5
 exi/5ce is made up ( be+s ) />v$ he>ts1
 froz5 s\ls1 oblit]at$ *>act]i/ics--:at 

mat]ials w ^! af=d = con/ruct+ ! society
 ( :i* !y w =m "p8 ,w !y ev5 c>e to     
produce *ildr5 z raw mat]ial = ! human  
factories2 or ! necess>ies = ! ma9t5ance
 ( t life 9 :i* ! elem5ts ( p]sonal     
happ9ess are want+8 ,w !y ev5 h ! en]gy 
to take a decision ab\t ! ord] ( society
 :i* robs !m ( life's greate/ values8   
,s wond]fully /rong is 9 man ! ne$ (    
hav+ "s place ( 8 own1 ( be+ among 8    
own1 feel+ himself at home 9 "o poor    
corn] ( ! _w1 9 a s+le poor he>t1 t ?is 
feel+ has ev5 ! p[] ( cle>+ a morass    
into a spr+ by subt]ranean ways4  ,on a 
railway j\rney 9 ! ,s\? ,i once saw a   
woman1 ^: face1 figure1 & mann]s betray$
 ! complete/ d[nfall4 ,?is "m _h a      
beautiful six-ye>-old daught]4 ,nev] 0 x
 m horrible to see a *ild at h] "m's    
knee2 nev] did an amulet seem m p[]less 
?an ! sa9t's image t a pity+ h& _h hung 
ab\t ! *ild's neck4 ,b :5 ! *ild lean$  
t[>ds h] "m1 %e 0 embrac$ by ! drunk5   
h>lot ) a t5d] emotion1 :i* re/or$ to h]
 a sp>k ( human dignity4 ,& :5 ! *ild   

read 9 ! looks ( h] fell[-travell]s !   
disgu/ h] "m inspir$1 h] d>k eyes gl[$ )
 angry sorr[ & %e took up be=e h] "m a  
position ( prote/+ affection4 ,no "o    
c\ld d\bt t ?is *ild ought to be tak5   
out ( su* unclean h&s4 ,b ,i wond] :e!r 
a bett] gu>dian w\ld be able to give h] 
! great emotion :i* at t mom5t dilat$ ! 
*ild's s\l8 ,if 9 a case l ?is "o c ev5 
hesitate ab\t ! l9e betwe5 disadvantage 
& advantage1 !n 9 _m o!r cases "o w be  
conv9c$ t x is n necess>ily :]e a *ild  
has ! be/ food1 ! cleane/ b$1 ! mo/     
un9t]rupt$ c>e1 t x w ?rive be/1 b r :]e
 its s\l may be exp&$ by ! w>me/ &      
greate/ emotions4 ,moreov] x is "o ( !  
sacr$ my/]ies ( life t mo/ p>5ts1 9     
!mselves & t[>ds "o ano!r1 are worse ?an
 ! *ild sees !m2 = ! la/ be+ be=e :om a 
wret* ca/s (f 8 protect+ rags ( human   
dignity is 8 *ild4  ,aga9/ ! wick$ness (
 p>5ts1 h[ev]1 z aga9/ _! ill-treatm5t1 
! *ild mu/ be protect$1 & t 9 a mu*     
great] degree ?an n[ by a con/ant       
ext5sion ( ! "r & duty ( society's      

int]v5tion 9 ^! cases4 ,b1 :5 x c be    
avoid$1 ! *ildr5 ought j z little to be 
depriv$ ( ! protection ( home z ! home  
%\ld be depriv$ ( ! protection *ildr5   
give to x1 by compell+ ! p>5ts to at    
lea/ "s measure ( self-discipl9e1       
self-control1 & self-sacrifice1 :]eby _!
 s\ls are ext5d$ beyond ! individual    
ego4 ,9 ! day :5 ! 8h>d5+0 atmosph]e ( !
 ,/ate in/itutions encompasses all      
*ildr51 human virtue w s9k ) ev5 great] 
rapidity !m human happ9ess4   ,all t has
 be5 said above does n imply any        
bl9dness to ! fact t ev5 ! be/ homes are
 n[ p5it5ti>ies 9 comp>ison ) :at !y may
 become :5 ! =mation ( a home has become
 a sci5ce & an art4 ,at pres5t ! home is
 =tunately--or un=tunately--nei!r       
inspect$ nor rew>d$ ) prizes4 ,b p]haps 
?is "t is com+--z already 9 ,france !   
sev5? *ild is br\ght up at ! co/ ( !    
,/ate1 & decorations are propos$ = ^?   
wom5 :o h borne & br\ght up ! greate/   
numb] ( effici5t *ildr54 ,!n1 if n be=e1
 w ! 8lib]at$0 wom5 p]haps rega9 "s     

int]e/ 9 ! developm5t ( _! p[]s 9 !     
direction ( ! home4  ,:at n[ frequ5tly  
dim9i%es ext]nally ! value ev5 ( good   
homes1 is t !y are arrang$ to promote a 
k9d ( 8aspiration10 diametrically oppos$
 to g5u9e life-enhancem5t1 ^: fir/      
condition is t ! home 9 a mat]ial       
respect %\ld be> a relation to ! heal? &
 com=t ( its own memb]s1 n ! habits (   
life ( outsid]s4 ,:at aga9 detracts 9 a 
spiritual respect f ev5 ! v be/ homes is
 t _! memb]s /ill reta9 ! family rud5ess
 & want ( consid]ation ( old] days1 a   
rud5ess :i*--ow+ to ! new s5sitiv5ess1 !
 deep] /r5g? ( p]sonal                  
consci\sness--causes ev5 f *ildhood     
daily pa9 t1 z infallibly z ! gross]    
faults ( bad homes1 poisons air & food4 
,p /ill all[ !mselves )9 ! home circle a
 scornfulness ( ea* o!r's peculi>ities1 
a sil5c+ ( ea* o!r's op9ions1 a pry+    
into ea* o!r's secrets1 a betrayal ( ea*
 o!r's confid5ces1 :i* 9 daily life     
place ! memb]s ( ! circle on a foot+ (  
arm$ neutrality4 ,9 good homes1         

affection1 & 9 inf]ior ones fe>1 /ops !m
 f break+ out into op5 w>2 = 9 bo? cases
 all "k ea* o!r's vuln]able spots s     
well1 t !y are p]fectly well aw>e h[    
sev]e ! conflict w\ld be = !mselves z   
well z = ! o!rs4  ,b s long z homes1 ev5
 ! be/ ones1 h ^! faults1 in/itutions   
mu/ exhibit simil> results--s9ce bo? w  
be =m$ ( ! same human mat]ial4 ,!       
in/itutions1 on ! o!r h&1 w\ld n possess
 ! advantages :i* 9 ! case ( homes      
outweigh ! faults4 ,^! faults may be    
gradually dim9i%$ by a high] spiritual  
culture4 ,b no?+ c\ld comp5sate = :at   
mank9d w\ld lose by ! abolition ( !     
home4   ,! conclusion is ?us t--h[ev]   
diff]5tly ! conflict mu/ be resolv$ 9   
exceptional cases betwe5 woman's p]sonal
 claims & h] mo!rly feel+s--9 ! ma9 ^?  
wom5 :o1 9 ord] to s]ve humanity1 r5\nce
 mo!rhood or its c>es1 are conduct+     
!mselves l a w>rior :o %\ld prep>e = !  
battle ( ! morr[ by op5+ 8 ve9s ! ev5+  
be=e4     ,,*apt] ,,vii  ,,collective   
,,mo!rl9ess   ,at a ,sc&9avian meet+ on 

! woman's "q1 a cantata 0 sung :i*      
proclaim$ t ! human race "u ! supremacy 
( man _h /umbl$ 9 d>kness & crime4 ,b ! 
race 0 n[ to be newly born f ! s\l (    
woman1 ! sunrise w\ld scatt] ! d>kness (
 night1 & ! adv5t ( ! ,messiah 0 c]ta94 
,t m5 dur+ ! p]iod ( _! asc5dancy _h    
nev]!less produc$ a few trifles--=      
example1 religions & laws1 sci5ces &    
arts1 discov]ies & inv5tions--t !       
d>kness ( _! night 0 ?us at lea/ illum9$
 by a ,milky ,way1 all ?is h] maje/y    
,woman 0 pleas$ to =get4  ,if man 7     
suffici5tly v9dictive to set ab\t f9d+  
out :at woman has accompli%$ 9 ! c\rse (
 ages to ju/ify h] t[]+ self-e/eem--or 9
 o!r words to ju/ify h] *all5g+ !       
comp>ison ) ^! works ( man--!n he w\ld  
f9d only "o ?+4  ,:5 nature =m$ ! in/9ct
 ( ! race1 woman rem\ld$ x z love2 :5   
necessity made ! dwell+1 woman trans=m$ 
x into ! home4 ,h] great contribution to
 culture is ?us affection4  ,& ?is "w is
 9 tru? great en\gh to c\nt]balance     
man's contribution--b n to make x       

wor?less4   ,=tunately we he> less &    
less ab\t man's 8tyranny0 hav+ robb$    
woman ( ! *ance ( also prov+ h] p[]s )9 
8 sph]e ( activity4 ,x is m & m         
recognis$ t 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce       
necessity decre$ t woman's social "w    
%\ld take ! =m ( home "w4 ,! same       
necessity has n[--9 ! ma9--lib]at$ !    
p[]s t 7 conf9$ 9 home "w1 al?\gh woman 
has nev]1 at any "t1 be5 exclud$ f ! use
 ( h] m5tal gifts4 ,su* use 01 h[ev]1   
obvi\sly an occasional "o1 s long z !   
total ( h] activity belong$ to ano!r    
sph]e4  ,x is f ! po9t ( view ( _! n[   
emancipat$ p]sonality t wom5--& _m m5 on
 _! behalf--dem& ! "r ( employ+ ^!      
p]sonally-human p[]s 9 social "w4 ,!y   
po9t 9 p>ticul> to ! neglect ( ! ,/ate 9
 t sph]e ( duty1 :i* is already !irs 9 !
 home1 namely1 t ( protect+ & improv+ ! 
exi/5ce ( ! "y & ( ! weak4 ,& m5 are    
beg9n+ to see t1 ! m fix$ly society is  
organis$1 ! m indisp5sable w be !       
co-op]ation betwe5 all its p>ts1 if !   
social organism is really to fulfil its 

purpose1 ! welf>e ( all2 !y see t ! new 
=ms bo? ( ,/ate help & self-help1 :i*   
are n[ be+ s\ght aft] ) increas+        
consci\sness ( purpose1 _c be adju/$ to 
actual ne$s unless woman is able to     
co-op]ate ) man 9 e dep>tm5t & take "p 9
 ! legislation :i* is to decide ! welf>e
 ( h]self & ( h] *ild4  ,b t !          
organisation ( society has n[ progress$ 
s f> t man is beg9n+ to look = woman's  
help1 mu/ n be tak5 by wom5 z a reason =
 putt+ ! :ole blame = ! sl[ developm5t (
 society on m54 ,?is sl[ness results 9  
an equal degree f ! hi!rto exi/+ nature 
( woman & ( man1 f ! limitations ( bo?1 
& f _! bo? be+ b\nd by ! laws (         
developm5t4 ,progress t[>ds high]       
conditions dep5ds 9 an equal degree on  
trans=mations 9 ! nature ( bo?1 ! ideals
 ( bo?1 ! means & aims ( bo? 9 !        
fur!rance ( culture4 ,! v beg9n+ ( ^!   
trans=mations is ! education wom5 give  
to ! new g5]ation1 :i* is aft]w>ds to   
make ! laws1 to arrange ! "w1 & to      
det]m9e consumption accord+ to ! ne$s !y

 br+ ) !m into life & ! virtues !y h    
le>n$ to love at home4  ,our "t is      
probably m consci\s ( its own %ortcom+s 
?an any o!r4 ,b no?+ is m revolt+ to    
"o's s5se ( ju/ice ?an :5 ?is           
consci\sness takes ! =m ( wom5's        
megalomania z reg>ds _! own omnipot5ce =
 alt]+ ! c\rse ( ! _w4  ,foll[+ on      
nature's r\gh division ( ! race1 nature 
& civilisation 9 conjunction h produc$ a
 f9] "o1 t ( creator on ! "o side &     
mat]ial on ! o!r4 ,next to be+ "o's self
 a creator1 x is a great ?+ to be wor?y 
mat]ial 9 a creator's h&4 ,& enhancem5t 
( culture 9 a spiritual z well z a      
mat]ial s5se is br\ght ab\t by !        
creators' success 9 deal+ ) _! mat]ial4 
,:5 t mat]ial is human1 ?is means t !   
creators--or lead]s--are successful 9   
conv]t+ ! re/ into real collaborators ) 
w & judgm5t ( _! own4 ,flocks driv5 on  
by %eph]ds1 or masses ( humanity l$ by  
"o no m rem>kable ?an !mselves1 h nev]  
_h la/+ effects on ! c\rse (            
civilisation4 ,su* effects only foll[ :5

 a creator fires ! multitude ) !        
en?usiasm ( new aims1 or tea*es !m to   
ennoble ! means by :i* !y may atta9 ends
 wor?y ( aspiration4  ,?us1 if wom5 are 
to give ! developm5t ( society a        
direction :olly diff]5t f t :i* man has 
giv5 x1 ?is w dep5d on ! appe>ance among
 wom5 ( lead]s :o %all po9t ! way to    
high] aims & employ pur] means4  ,b :at 
gives u reason to expect ?is ( wom58 ,! 
reason _c be s\ght else:]e ?an )9 !     
sph]e ( _! own creations1 love1         
mo!rl9ess1 ! home1 dome/ic economy4 ,if 
x c be %[n t wom5 h br\ght all ^! to !  
full p]fection ( :i* !y are capable1 !n 
!re w really be good reason to believe 9
 _! miracul\s p[] 9 ! organisation (    
society4  ,b ev5 if we fully admit !    
h9drances :i* man's ord]+ ( society1 8  
legislation1 8 nature h plac$ 9 ! way ( 
wom5--is !re a s+le ?\ghtful woman :o c 
ma9ta9 t %e h]self1 or t wom5 9 g5]al1 h
 nev]!less done all t !y c\ld )9 _! own 
special sph]e2 t !y h us$ to ! utmo/ !  
opportunities !y h possess$8 ,:at       

consci5ti\s woman does n p]ceive t !    
majority /ill bungle ! great discov]ies 
( _! sex1 by ! way 9 :i* !y act z       
gu>dians & educators ( *ildr51 z lov]s1 
wives1 mak]s ( homes1 h\sekeep]s6 ,9 e  
dep>tm5t !y lack art & sci5ce1 cle>ness 
( view & circumspection4 ,frequ5tly !y d
 n possess ! fir/ conditions = int5sify+
 & ref9+ a happy love2 t ( be>+ & br++  
up wor?y *ildr52 t ( atta9+ ! greate/   
sum ( mat]ial com=t = ! memb]s ( !      
family ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( =ce & (    
means2 t ( arrang+ ! spiritual          
balance-%eet s t ! highe/ possible      
enhancem5t ( life w be ! net pr(it4     
,exactly z ! majority ( m5 only sl[ly & 
p>tially receive & transmit ! ?\ghts1 ! 
works ( beauty1 ! discov]ies t _! lead]s
 br+ !m1 s also d wom5 sl[ly & p>tially 
receive ! lead+ ideas 9 _! sph]e4  ,!re 
mu/ !n be some?+1 n only 9 man's nature 
b 9 woman's also1 :i* h9d]s p]fection & 
delays progress4  ,if su* be ! case--& !
 supposition ne$ n be consid]$ too      
bold--!n also we may p]haps wond] :e!r  

mank9d w\ld really h progress$ s f>1 if 
wom5 _h _h ! lead dur+ pa/ c5turies4 ,& 
if we h v5tur$ ?us f>1 we may also be   
bold en\gh to ask3 :e!r ^! same wom5--:o
 h be5 s f> f p]fect+ _! own "w--:5 !y  
come to take "p 9 ! organisation (      
society1 w imm$iately p]fect :at man has
 bungl$2 twi/ ! sword into a pl\gh%>e & 
br+ ab\t ! ,messianic k+dom1 :]e peace &
 righte\sness %all kiss "o ano!r4  ,x is
 n until %e has r5\nc$ all communion ) !
 glorification ( woman & ! ass]tion (   
woman's sup]iority1 t a woman ) a s5se (
 intellectual propriety c occupy h]self 
) ! "q ( ! social "w ( h] sex4   ,^? :o 
conduct ! woman's movem5t =m 9 e c\ntry 
a 8"r0 & a 8left10 ea* ) an extreme w+4 
,! p>ticul> cult ( ! "r is woman z an   
ideal be+4 ,9 addition1 its dogmas      
include ,*ri/ianity1 monogamy1 & ! re/ (
 ! exi/+ arrangem5ts ( society4 ,x seeks
 to place woman on an equal foot+ ) man 
)9 ! old =ms4 ,to ! extremi/s ( ?is     
gr\p1 duty1 lab\r1 & utility are ! great
 words ( life2 love & beauty d n come )9

 ! scope ei!r ( woman's rights or ( h]  
obligations4 ,to :itewa% ! /a9s on !    
exi/+ social edifice2 to give !mselves m
 space by build+ out a w+ on ! "r--?is  
is _! *ief conc]n2 ! ma9 build+ itself  
!y w\ld pres]ve unalt]$4  ,! left has   
also its deities--b 8woman0 is n "o (   
!m4 ,its view ( life is radical2 t is to
 say1 evolutioni/ & social4 ,x seeks to 
re=m ! exi/+ in/itution ( m>riage by a  
new morality1 & exi/+ society by a high]
 organisation1 :i* w express a deep]    
s5se ( solid>ity4 ,x ?us looks at !     
rights & lib]ty ( woman & ( man 9       
connection ) ! welf>e ( ! :ole          
community4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 x reg>ds 
woman's fre$om to love & "r to mo!rhood 
z ( equal importance ) h] "r to vote &  
lib]ty to "w4  ,"h1 h[ev]1 a diff]5ce   
comes 9 betwe5 ?is & ! extreme left1 :i*
 w\ld give woman complete p]sonal fre$om
 ( movem5t by leav+ ! *ildr5 9 *>ge ( ! 
,/ate4  ,?us ! extreme w+ ( ! old       
fem9ism meets t ( ! new on ?is po9t1 t  
to bo? woman's activity is an end 9     

itself to ! ext5t t h] "r is indep5d5t (
 :e!r ?is activity raises or l[]s !     
vital effici5cy ( ! :ole organism4  ,9  
ev]y?+ else ! opposition is diametrical1
 except on ! plane :]e all ! gr\ps meet3
 9 ! dem& = woman's juridical &         
political equality ) man4  ,^? :o dem&  
political rights = woman 9 return = h]  
liability to taxation & h] c>es z a "m1 
h a well-f\nd$ claim4 ,b ! position     
becomes /ill /rong] :5 ! claim is bas$  
^u ! ne$ ( society t e memb] ( x %\ld   
co-op]ate to fur!r ! satisfaction ( 8   
own requirem5ts4 ,= mod]n society       
corresponds m & m to ! idea ( an        
organism increas+ 9 complexity1 e "p (  
:i* becomes m & m important to ! :ole1  
det]m9es m & m by its ne$s & p[]s !     
welf>e or failure ( ! :ole1 & itself    
receives m & m pr(it or h>m f !         
condition ( ! :ole organism4  ,society  
means human be+s--m51 wom51 & *ildr51   
dead1 liv+1 & unborn--nei!r m nor yet   
less2 human be+s b&$ toge!r 9 ord] ?us !
 high] to enhance ! life ( ! individual 

& ( all4 ,?is comb9ation takes at fir/  
simple1 !n m & m complicat$ =ms (       
organisation3 simple1 s long z _! ne$s  
are s1 s9ce only 8 ne$s move man to     
organise4 ,an increas+ civilisation     
means a m & m p]fect satisfaction (     
increas+ly complicat$ & high] ne$s4 ,b z
 x is our ne$s t set u 9 motion1 any    
h9drance ( movem5t w also produce       
imm$iate suff]+ ?r\gh our n be+ able to 
get rid ( ! cause ( our displeasure2 &  
indirect suff]+ ?r\gh our los+ ! s5se ( 
pleasure t movem5t might h br\ght4  ,:5 
! aim ( society is se5 to be t ea* ( its
 memb]s %all employ & develop 8 p[]s to 
! highe/ possible ext5t = ! highe/      
possible ends1 !n x w no long] be 9     
ab/ract con/ructions ( con/itutional    
law1 b r 9 ! laws ( human life1 t !     
crit]ia ( social well-be+ w be s\ght4   
,! ord] ( society mu/ !n fav\r !        
life-enhancem5t ( ! individual2 !       
limitation ( individual lib]ty mu/ fav\r
 ! life-enhancem5t ( ! :ole--?is w be to
 ! evolutioni/ ! motive = n[ ext5d+1 n[ 

limit+1 ! fre$om ( movem5t ( !          
individual4  ,! p>allelism ) ! human    
organism is evid5t4 ,! =mation &        
activity ( ! individual cells det]m9e ! 
/ructure ( ! :ole2 ! degree 9 :i* _!    
ne$s are satisfi$ det]m9es ! well-be+ ( 
! organism4 ,! total vital ne$s ( !     
organism limit ! cells' expansion ( =ce 
& self-det]m9ation1 = )\t ! heal? ( !   
:ole organism ! cells w\ld also langui%4
  ,e p[]ful movem5t ( society--& ! dem& 
= wom5's suffrage is already su* a      
"o--is br\ght ab\t by ! w ( _m          
individuals to modify society 9 "s      
respect1 9 ord] bett] to satisfy _! own 
ne$s & !re) ^? ( ! :ole community4 ,su* 
a movem5t is always oppos$ 9 ! beg9n+ f 
! po9t ( view ( ! agreem5t1 equilibrium1
 & heal? ( ! community4 ,& s9ce a       
trans=mation 9 a society nev] occurs    
uni=mly 9 "t or degree2 s9ce ! ne$ ( new
 =ms is ?us = a long "t n widely spread1
 ! cons]vatives1 z a rule1 are "r at !  
beg9n+ ( _! opposition2 !y are "r ev5   
until ! trans=mation has be5 tak+ place 

s long t ! heal? ( ! :ole organism dem&s
 t ! class ( society1 religi\s body1 or 
gr\p ( op9ion 9 "q %\ld be giv5 ! fre$om
 ( activity )\t :i* x is ill at ease2 = 
! uneas9ess ( _m injures all4           
,cons]vatism is ?us f9ally 9 ! wrong by 
reason ( ! ev]-repeat$ exp]i5ce1 t :5 ! 
vital =ce is increas$ 9 any important   
organ1 x is also increas$ 9 ! :ole      
organism4  ,woman's suffrage ought above
 all to be dem&$ f ! po9t ( view ( !    
social value1 & consequ5t "r to fre$om (
 movem5t1 ( woman's p[]s4 ,its oppon5ts 
answ]3 8,we nev] ?\ght ( disput+ ei!r "o
 or ! o!r4 ,woman has already ! same p[]
 z man 9 degree1 ?\gh n 9 k9d1 j z truly
 z ! he>t is an organ equally ess5tial  
to life z ! bra94 ,b ! :ole organism    
w\ld g "u1 if ! he>t insi/$ on usurp+ ! 
functions ( ! bra94 ,woman has become ! 
organ ( ! emotions 9 human life--b !    
emotions _c h a lead+ mission 9 public  
affairs4 ,9 t field woman mu/ ei!r be   
untrue to h]self or lose h]             
significance4 ,x w\ld be an imm5se loss 

to civilisation if %e 7 =c$ into ! pa?s 
( mascul9e egoism1 in/ead ( putt+ h]    
:ole /r5g? into ! re>+ ( future m54 ,?us
 new g5]ations ( great-m9d$ & f>-see+ m5
 w\ld re=m society 9 accordance )       
woman's ideals1 & woman w\ld n lose h]  
ideals 9 p>ty /rife1 :]e ! *ief ?+ is   
victory by any means & ! end is lo/     
sight (40 8,if10 x 0 ?us said by a      
?\ghtful "y work+ woman1--8if ! *ild saw
 bo? its fa!r & "m /riv+ = p[]1 ) all ! 
h>dness & rel5tlessness ?is implies1 !n 
idealism w\ld soon become ext9ct1 :]eas1
 on ! o!r h&1 wom51 by unequivocally    
mak+ ! highe/ ideal dem&s ^u fa!rs &    
bro!rs1 husb&s & sons1 c\ld br+ ab\t by 
degrees an ideal condition ( ?+s40  ,?is
 view1 :i* gives to woman ! function (  
"o c5tral organ 9 ! social organism & to
 man ! o!r1 does n1 h[ev]1 correspond to
 ! reality4 ,j z ! individual is det]m9$
 f head to foot by 8 sex1 s also is     
society f top to bottom bi-sexual2 e    
function ( gov]nm5t affects1 !re=e1 all 
wom5 j z mu* z all m54 ,at pres5t1      

h[ev]1 only ! latt] possess ! p[] (     
directly rem$y+ :at h9d]s & fur!r+ :at  
enhances _! life1 ?r\gh also tak+ "p 9 !
 functions by :i* !y are affect$4  ,s9ce
 e 8cell10 :i* indirectly or directly   
makes up ! social organism1 is male or  
female1 x is un?9kable t a high]        
organisation ( society w\ld n f9ally (  
necessity manife/ ?is its bi-sexual "*4 
,l ! family--! fir/ 8,/ate0--x is       
probable t ! f9al ,/ate w appe> z a     
unity comb9+ ! male & female pr9ciples4 
,or1 9 o!r words1 x w be a              
8,/ate-m>riage10 n z hi!rto m]ely a     
,/ate-celibacy6 ,simply by p]=m+ !      
functions !mselves1 in/ead ( all[+ !    
male cells to d s on _! behalf1 ! female
 cells may n[ z memb]s ( society        
exp]i5ce _! highe/ possible             
life-enhancem5t4 ,s long z wom5 7 cont5t
 to let m5 repres5t !m1 woman's         
non-enfran*isem5t did n di/urb !        
well-be+ ( ! organism4 ,n[1 on ! o!r h&1
 ! di/urbance has set 9 & c be remov$   
only by *ange4 ,b :at ! heal? ( !       

organism dem&s 9 ! highe/ degree1 is    
t--:5 ! female cells beg9 to p]=m _!    
social functions--!y %\ld pres]ve _!    
sexual "*1 = o!rwise no high] =m (      
developm5t w\ld be atta9$4 ,n ! male    
sex1 b ! gov]nm5t ( society may ) tru?  
be lik5$ to its bra91 z repres5tation   
may be comp>$ ) its n]v\s sy/em4 ,!     
society ( ! pres5t day suff]s f "o-sid$ 
p>alysis1 s long z half ( x is exclud$ f
 ! possibility ( mak+ kn[n its ne$s     
?r\gh ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,& society suff]s f
 ?is condition j z mu* z ! body w\ld f a
 correspond+ /ate4 ,we c be/ see ?is by 
obs]v+ t society :]e ! :ole body is     
p>alys$ & only ! head acts1 namely      
,russia4 ,!re only ! w\nds be> witness t
 ! organism z a :ole is alive4 ,b all ! 
societies ( ,europe n[ include )9       
!mselves a ,russia1 t "p ( ! community  
:i* ,camilla ,collet rightly call$ 8!   
,camp ( ,sil5ce40 ,f ! same inn]        
necessity t prompt$ a numb] ( ! m5 9 ^? 
c\ntries ^: condition once 0 l t (      
,russia to %ake (f ! c>e ( a p>5tal     

gov]nm5t & take ^u !mselves ! lib]ty (  
mak+ kn[n _! own ne$s1 ( !mselves decid+
 ! conditions = _! well-be+1 mu/ wom5--&
 ! lab\r+ classes--w9 ?is "r4 ,?is does 
n mean t ! female half w "w m p]fectly  
or ) less dang] ?an ! male4 ,b x means t
 ! :ole organism w "w m1 w f>e bett]1 & 
w be develop$ to a high] condition4 ,^? 
at pres5t 9 possession are *all5g$ by   
wom5 z by work+ m51 :5 !y ass]t t !y    
fully secure ! int]e/s ( ! unrepres5t$ &
 direct _! =ces satisfactorily4 ,& x may
 n be !y1 cont5t$ z !y are ) _! p[] & ) 
!mselves1 b ! discont5t$ t we %\ld li/5 
to1 if high] conditions are to be       
atta9$4  ,to ^! g5]al consid]ations mu/ 
be add$1 9 ! case ( ! small] nations1   
?is3 t ! m alive & ?or\ghly active !    
:ole social body is1 ! m p[] ( resi/ance
 x w possess 9 ! /ruggle = its exi/5ce4 
,^? nations1 9 :i* e p]son c protect 8  
own int]e/s 9 & ) ^? ( ! community1     
w--o!r conditions be+ equal--surpass !  
o!rs1 z an army ( a?letes w\ld ov]come  
"o ( invalids4   ,society is confront$  

by tasks ( increas+ complexity4 ,a =ce  
hi!rto unus$1 t ( woman1 n[ become      
socially consci\s1 (f]s its co-op]ation 
9 deal+ ) !m4  ,all ?9k+ p]sons desire  
new conditions ) gr[+ e>ne/ness4 ,b new 
conditions d n arise1 z ! sociali/ is f>
 too will+ to believe1 ?r\gh new ext]nal
 relations alone2 nor ?r\gh new ideas & 
discov]ies1 z ! man ( sci5ce ) 8 bias is
 too apt to ?9k4 ,new conditions arise  
above all ?r\gh new human be+s1 new     
s\ls1 new emotions4 ,only ^! =m new     
plans ( life1 new modes ( action2 only  
^! revalue ! objects :i* are !n pursu$  
day by day by innum]able individuals4 ,a
 new idea becomes feel+ & motive p[]1 at
 fir/ ) "o individual1 !n ) a few1 !n ) 
_m1 & f9ally ) all4 ,he :o has be5 able 
to witness ?is ) reg>d to any p>ticul>  
idea1 kn[s t x comes ab\t z 9 ! spr+1 :5
 fir/ a solit>y bir*-tree on ! sunny    
side unfolds its gold5-gre5 bann]3 !n ! 
veil ( yell[1 r$di%-br[n1 & gre5 is     
drawn clos] & clos] ov] ! grey1 till    
f9ally all ! tree-tops are r\nd$ & full1

 all col\rs subdu$ to "o %ade1 & "o     
sc>cely rememb]s :at x 0 l 9 ! play (   
%ift+ col\rs1 :5 ! wild *]ry gleam$ :ite
 among ! gre51 ! d&elions spread        
!mselves 9 wild pr(usion among ! grass1 
! lilies ( ! valley peep$ out f ! %ea? (
 _! leaves1 & ! cuckoo call$ 9 ! summ]4 
,emotions are ! sap :i* rises :5 ! human
 l&scape ?us *anges col\r & =m4 ,!re=e  
no pr(\nd spiritual trans=mation has ev]
 tak5 place unless wom5 h tak5 "p 9 x4  
,x is ^u ?is great p[] ( woman1 already 
indirectly effective1 t we may ) reason 
base ! hope ( h] direct ex]tion ( =ce   
becom+ ev5 m effective--if ) x %e       
pres]ves h] womanly "*4  ,precisely z ! 
/rict] sexual morality made woman's love
 m s\lful--till %e c n[ claim love's    
fre$om1 s9ce %e has a new contribution  
to make !re)--s ! h9d]+ ( woman's       
ext]nal activity damm$ up h] emotional  
life4 ,"u ! division ( lab\r into a     
8manly0 & a 8womanly0 field1 woman's    
peculi> "* became m e/abli%$2 h] feel+  
became int5sifi$ 9 ! direction 9 :i* %e 

is n[ ready to use x 9 ! imm$iate s]vice
 ( humanity4 ,t5d]ness di/+ui%es h] :ole
 way ( ?9k+ & feel+1 ( wi%+ & work+4    
,?us has %e rea*$ t dissimil>ity to man1
 :i* %e mu/ n[ ma9ta9 9 a public        
capacity4  ,x is z natural z x is       
=tunate t woman %\ld come =w>d ) h]     
claims to p>ticipation 9 social duties &
 social rights j 9 our "t1 :5 ! idea (  
int]connection1 ! s5se ( solid>ity1 has 
become increas+ly consci\s 9 e nation1 z
 well z betwe5 ! nations4 ,= a cle>]    
idea ( int]connection w h ! effect (    
sav+ woman f a numb] ( man's mi/akes2 a 
pr(\nd] s5se ( solid>ity f a numb] (    
woman's weaknesses--:ile ! be/ traits ( 
! womanly "* w be invaluable = int5sify+
 ! s5se ( solid>ity4 ,! man & woman ( ! 
pres5t day h become m s5sitive to _! own
 suff]+s1 & ?is is ! fir/ condition =   
becom+ m s5sitive to ^? ( o!rs4 ,b n[ ! 
problem is also really to int5sify & to 
ref9e ! feel+ = o!rs to su* a degree t !
 social organism w no long] be able to  
endure t any ( its memb]s %\ld suff] a  

h9drance to life 9 any avoidable way4 ,x
 is 9 ?is respect t woman's deep]       
s5sitiv5ess1 h] ri*] t5d]ness1 are giv5 
_! great mission4 ,x is true t--z 0     
rem>k$ 9 connection ) ! evolution (     
love--x is becom+ m & m impossible to   
speak ( 8man0 or 8woman0 9 g5]al1 s9ce  
individualisation makes ea* sex m & m   
dissimil> )9 itself1 :ile developm5t    
makes !m m & m mutually alike4 ,av]age  
wom5 & av]age m5 h m und]/&+ ?an feel+4 
,b :5 feel+ is f\nd 9 a man1 x is m     
viol5t & m transitory1 :]eas x is m     
intimate & m effective 9 a woman4 ,!    
majority ( m5 z ( wom5 seldom ?9k4 ,b :5
 man & woman ?9k1 man's me?od is1 z a   
rule1 t ( d$uction & analysis1 woman's t
 ( intuition & syn!sis4 ,%e unites      
in/9ct & reflection z ! poet does3 !    
?\ght ( bo? =ms a connect$ l9e ( light  
only 9 ! way t a r[ ( lamps se5 9       
p]spective does s4 ,h] actions--l 8     
poems--h ! unconsci\s purpose (         
inspiration4  ,^! g5]al *>act]i/ics are 
rev]s$1 x is true1 9 _m individual      

cases4 ,x is ?us c]ta9 t ! mo/          
conspicu\s revelations ( ,*ri/ian *>ity 
h occurr$ 9 m54 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n alt]
 ! fact t 8! milk ( human k9dness0 fl[s 
m ri*ly 9 wom5 ?an 9 ! majority ( m54   
,?is sup]iority is ! natural result (   
mo!rl9ess1 :i* has gradually be5        
develop$ 9 ! female sex into imm$iate   
feel+ = all t is weak & 9 want ( help1  
all t is budd+ & gr[+4  ,b x foll[s f   
?is t if woman1 by h] p>ticipation 9    
public life1 is to provide a great1 new1
 progressive elem5t--!n n only mu/ %e n 
lose ! p[] ( sympa?y %e already         
possesses2 %e mu/1 on ! contr>y1        
int5sify & ext5d x4 ,mo!rl9ess is n to  
be f\nd 9 all ^? :o are already mo!rs1 &
 we h arriv$ inde$ at ! /range position 
t--:ile man is beg9n+ to see h[ mu*     
society ne$s ! mo!rly feel+--a numb] (  
wom5 are no long] will+ to become mo!rs1
 s9ce _! p]sonal developm5t & civil     
occupation w\ld ?us be int]f]$ )4 ,no?+ 
is m necess>y ?an t woman %\ld be       
intellectually educat$ = h] new social  

mission4 ,b if mean:ile %e loses h]     
womanly "*1 !n %e w come to ! social    
mission l a f>m] ) a complete set (     
agricultural implem5ts b no se$4  ,9 all
 private activity ! individuality is !  
be/ se$1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 9 ! social  
field wom5 w probably = a long "t be mo/
 valuable ow+ to _! univ]sal-womanly "*2
 = un=tunately x is /ill true 9 public  
life t individuality is frequ5tly a     
h9drance to co-op]ation1 :i* takes place
 r ?r\gh p>tisan%ip 9 int]e/s & views   
?an ?r\gh ! work+ toge!r ( div]g+       
*>act]s4 ,x is only 9 r>e cases t a     
non-p>ty man has ! *ance ( int]pos+ 9 a 
decision4 ,at pres5t1 woman may be able 
to influ5ce society n z a s+le          
p]sonality1 b r z a new & p[]ful        
pr9ciple1 a great contribution ( a      
hi!rto unemploy$ elem5t4 ,d\btless      
individual wom5--?r\gh m5tal sup]iority1
 intellectual developm5t1 /r5g? ( w1 &  
p[]s ( "w--w br+ a great increase (     
g5]al human value to social "w4 ,b x w  
nev]!less be ^u ! diff]5ce 9 k9d betwe5 

! nature ( man & woman t we mu/ base our
 hope t wom5's p>ticipation 9 ! "w (    
society w h f>-rea*+ results4  ,:5 wom5 
?9k !mselves able to accompli% :at !    
:ole aggregate ( man's c\rage1 g5ius1   
devotion1 self-sacrifice1 & idealism has
 hi!rto n be5 able to d2 :5 9 e diff]5ce
 ( op9ion on man's & woman's nature !y  
attribute to him e fem99e fail+ 9       
addition to 8 own1 :ile claim+ =        
!mselves all man's m]its1 !n "o c be    
c]ta9 only ab\t woman's sup]fluity = !  
"t be+4  ,woman's "r to p>ticipate 9    
public life w\ld1 h[ev]1 be 9 a bad way1
 if %e c\ld n br+ to x some?+ really    
indisp5sable1 new1 & peculi> to h]self4 
,?is new ?+ is h] idealism & en?usiasm1 
h[ev] f9ely & easily !y may blaze up1   
s9ce woman is s mu* m inflammable ?an   
man1 s mu* m eag] to translate h]       
en?usiasm into action4  ,= only su* an  
en?usia/ & ideali/ is ( acc\nt :o c c>ry
 ! flame ( 8 zeal 9 8 b>e h&1 9 spite ( 
burns1 keep x alight 9 spite ( gu/s (   
w9d1 & ?us /ep by /ep come ne>] 8 ideal4

 ,b su* en?usia/s & ideali/s--:e!r male 
or female--are r>e1 mu* r>] ?an g5ius4  
,!y are ! w9e & ! salt ( life1 :]eas !  
virtues t ! majority c %[ are only !    
daily bread on ! table ( society4  ,if  
!n we look at ! majority1 ! s5se (      
ju/ice 9 man & ! feel+ ( t5d]ness 9     
woman may be ! greate/ virtues4 ,?is    
does n mean t m5 d n bo? submit to &    
commit imm5se inju/ices1 or wom5 imm5se 
cruelties4 ,b x means t ! feel+ :i* has 
be5 ! /ronge/ motive p[] 9 man's public 
actions--9 revolts & 9 revolutions--is !
 s5se ( ju/ice1 :ile ! feel+ ( t5d]ness 
sets a hundr$ wom5 9 motion = "o t is   
mov$ by an outrag$ s5se ( ju/ice4 ,no?+ 
is m common ?an to he> ev5 f ! lips ( a 
boy ! words3 8,x s]v$ him "r02 :ile f a 
girl we %\ld he>3 8,i'm sorry = him     
anyh[60  ,x is ! mascul9e feel+ alone   
:i* has decid$ ! /ructure ( society4 ,n 
until woman's feel+ has ! same scope z  
man's2 n until ea* c c\nt]balance :at is
 extreme 9 ! o!r--8 :at is too weak 9   
h]s1 h]s :at is too h>d 9 8--w society 9

 its fa!rl9ess & mo!rl9ess really       
provide = ! rightful ne$s ( all its     
*ildr54  ,someone has ma9ta9$ t ! social
 bra9 9 ! c\rse ( ages has develop$ m   
?an ! individual3 by ?9k+ & feel+ m 9   
common1 ! capacity has also be5 increas$
 ( f9d+ means = fur!r+ ! common weal4   
,x is probable t wom5's bra9s w %[ _!   
effici5cy above all 9 f9d+ means (      
enhanc+ & pres]v+ life1 :i* has s mu*   
great] significance = woman ?an = man2 =
 e life has co/ "s woman inf9itely m ?an
 any man2 e mangl$ body on ! field (    
battle or ( lab\r has once made "s woman
 happy ) its *ild's smile1 & leaves "s  
woman 9 te>s4  ,b 9 ord] ?us to become  
inv5tive1 wom5 mu/ rema9 :at !y n[ are3 
passionate 9 ! =ce ( _! love1 rapidly   
vibrat+2 o!rwise !y w n c\nt]balance !  
p>tialities ( man 9 ! "w ( civilisation4
 ,!re are p]haps no m rem>kable pages 9 
,j4 ,s4 ,mill's book1 ,on ! ,subjection 
( ,wom51 ?an ^? 9 :i* he ma9ta9s !      
faculty ( woman--guid$ by h] individual 
obs]vation--= intuitively f9d+ a g5]al  

tru? &1 unfett]$ by !oris+1 =           
unhesitat+ly & cle>-sight$ly apply+ x 9 
a p>ticul> case4 ,woman1 he says1 keeps 
to reality1 :ile man loses himself 9    
ab/ractions2 %e sees :at a decision w   
mean 9 an individual case1 :ile he loses
 sight ( ?is 9 face ( ! g5]al tru?s he  
has ab/ract$ f reality1 :i* he tries to 
=ce into ab/raction4 ,^! qualities (    
woman make h] m unfl9*+1 m rapid1 & m   
imm$iate 9 h] actions1 :ile at ! same "t
 h] m intimate & passionate feel+ gives 
h] m p]sev]ance & pati5ce 9 ! face (    
tr\ble1 disappo9tm5t1 & suff]+4  ,& ?is 
op9ion ( ,mill is confirm$ by t ( ,ibs51
 ^: fundam5tal view ( woman is precisely
 t %e becomes /rong] 9 self-ass]tion &  
t5acity ( purpose :5 x is a "q ( values 
( p]sonality1 b at ! same "t m devot$ & 
self-sacrific+ 9 ! p]sonal sph]e4 ,he   
reg>ds h] z less fett]$ by religi\s or  
social dogmas1 b ) great] piety & a     
deep] s5se ( community ?an man2 he sees 
9 h] m unity betwe5 ?\ght & action1 a   
sur] grasp ( life & m c\rage to live x4 

,9 a ^w3 he ?9ks t woman m (t5 is       
some?+1 because %e has n tri$ to be x2 t
 %e m (t5 attempts ! unreasonable1      
because %e _c be satisfi$ ) ! possible4 
,?us woman became1 n m p]fect1          
b--=tunately = ! fulness (              
life--diff]5t1 :5 fir/ life diff]5tiat$ 
! natural function ( "m & fa!r2 made !m 
into sep>ate be+s1 nei!r be+ sup]ior or 
inf]ior to ! o!r1 m]ely incomp>able4 ,x 
is ?is diff]5tiation :i* mu/ cont9ue--n 
lea/ 9 politics2 = o!rwise wom5's votes 
w\ld only d\ble ! poll1 )\t alt]+ !     
result1 & _! p>ticipation 9 politics    
w\ld ?us only be a wa/e ( _! preci\s    
p[]s4  ,?us ev5 9 public life woman mu/ 
pres]ve ! belief 9 miracles1 ! c\rage ( 
app>5t foolh>d9ess :i* h] love gives h]2
 t c\rage ( :i* ! mo/ beautiful images  
are already to be f\nd 9 national       
leg5ds4 ,:at private life has taught h]1
 %e mu/ n[ tea* 9 turn to public life4  
,?is is ! mo/ difficult ( all tasks2 =  
"h %e mu/ pres]ve ! sudd5 ang] or       
en?usiasm ( h] feel+1 b purge x (       

arbitr>9ess & inju/ice4 ,%e mu/ tru/ to 
h] feel+'s unconsci\s sur5ess (         
direction1 b secure x aga9/ ! risks (   
foolh>d9ess4 ,%e mu/ all[ h] feel+ its  
mobility1 b free x f ! connection )     
caprice & untru/wor?9ess4 ,%e mu/ keep  
h] eyes = ! individual1 b yet be capable
 ( lift+ !m to ! univ]sal4  ,to be able 
to d all ?is1 woman mu/ be will+ to le>n
 ( man :]e he is ! /rong]1 )\t lett+    
man's scorn ( womanly weaknesses or 8   
pret5sions to sup]iority mislead h] into
 seek+ a k9d ( /r5g? :i* _c be h]s2 = %e
 c\ld ?us lose only :at is already h]   
own4   ,un=tunately1 all ! signs are n  
fav\rable to ! hope t woman w pass ?r\gh
 academies & c>ry on ! s]vice ( ! ,/ate 
)\t injury to h] rapidity ( view1       
delicacy ( obs]vation1 & lib]ality (    
s\l4 8,! conclusions ( sci5ce10 8! laws 
( hi/ory10 8! dem&s ( social security10 
8! opportunity ( compromise10 & all !   
o!r ?+s t m5 pile up 9 ! way ( re=m1 are
 also al>m+ to woman's c\rage1 make h]  
too ask = pro(s in/ead ( feel+ /rong 9  

h] intuition4  ,9 ! univ]sity1 !        
gov]nm5t dep>tm5t1 & ! bus9ess (fice !  
s\l ( woman also may run ! risk ( becom+
 ti$ by r$ tape1 (ficially dry1 am5able 
to public inju/ice1 sob] 9 ! face (     
en?usiasm4 ,su* (ficial & bus9ess wom5 w
 be z appreh5sive z m5 ( be+ suspect$ to
 be dream]s & agitators2 !y w be z      
logical 9 prov+ ! unreasonabl5ess ( ^?  
:o ?9k = ! future4 ,9 a ^w3 :5 wom5 be> 
m5's burd5s !y w also get _! b5t backs2 
:5 !y e>n _! bread 9 ! g5]al field ( "w1
 _! h&s w also be h>d5$4 ,b we may      
hope--& ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ?is hope--t    
woman w atta9 h] social p[] be=e %e has 
yet lo/ h] special *>act]i/ics1 & t %e w
 !n give h] :ole m9d to br++ ab\t new   
conditions1 9 :i* %e w be able to keep  
h] h&s s(t & h] attitude upright4  ,if  
?is hope fails1 !n woman's entrance into
 public life w n *ange1 = a ?\s& ye>s to
 come1 its t5d5cy to put safety be=e    
boldness2 to all[ prud5ce to *ill       
en?usiasm1 facts to clip ! w+s (        
inspiration1 & practical consid]ations  

to qu5* ideas4 ,! dem&s ( humane feel+ w
 cont9ue to be blunt$ by ! %>+ (        
responsibility among _m2 nay1 we %all   
ev5 see woman unit+ h]self ) ! majority 
9 cur+ ! madness ( ideali/s or--if ?is  
is impossible--9 r5d]+ !m h>mless4  ,x  
is ?us n by hymns ( praise 9 hon\r ( h] 
sex1 b by great & inexorable claims on  
h]self & on all o!r wom51 t ea*         
individual woman c be/ co-op]ate 9 !    
education ( h] sex = public life4 ,only 
! spiritual education t ea* "o gives    
h]self w prev5t 9 ! political field     
false e/imates ( value & a confus$ s5se 
( ju/ice2 = 9 tru? political life 9 ?is 
respect gives no?+ to him :o has no?+2  
on ! contr>y1 x is !re1 if any:]e1 t !  
words ( ! ,bible are applicable3 f him t
 ha? n %all be tak5 away ev5 t :i* he   
ha?4 ,public life 9 itself wid5s nei!r !
 view nor ! he>t ( anyone2 ( ?is our    
p>i% & di/rict c\ncils1 our             
municipalities & our p>liam5t give      
suffici5t evid5ce4  ,x is n only want ( 
education1 b 9 an equal degree          

half-education1 t has ! peculi> %ady    
side2 & su* is ! education /ill provid$ 
= ! majority by s*ool & high-s*ool3     
ability to pass exam9ations )\t =mation 
( p]sonality1 specialis$ k )\t spiritual
 culture4 ,! sign ( ?is half-education  
is t x swall[s up ! individuality &     
makes ! in/9cts %all[4  ,?is evil w     
above all be fraught ) dang] to woman's 
peculi> gift1 intuition4 ,! :ole exi/+  
plan ( education aims at r5d]+ m acute !
 *>act]i/ics ( man1 & is successful     
!re91 s t he is /rong ?\gh "o-sid$ 9 8  
half-education4 ,woman1 on ! o!r h&1    
becomes weak 9 h]s1 s9ce x detracts f h]
 *>act]i/ics )\t giv+ h]1 h[ev]1 ^? (   
man4 ,we (t5 f9d 9 an unlett]$ woman an 
in/9ct = ess5tiality :i* ! half-educat$ 
h lo/ or to :i* at lea/ !y no long] d>e 
to tru/ !mselves4 ,&1 above all1 ?is is 
true ( ! qualities ess5tial to woman    
h]self4 ,?us wom5 :o are work+ 9 !      
s]vice ( ! community (t5 %[ _! res5tm5t 
( ! gladd5+ p[] ( o!r1 "y & attractive1 
wom5 ev5 )9 ! sph]e ( social activity4  

,only ! =m & cont5ts ( ! long cate*ism  
c\ld conv9ce !m ( a "y girl's s]i\sness4
 ,:e!r ^! beauty-hat]s belong to !      
pieti/s ( ,*ri/ianity or to ^? ( !      
woman's movem5t1 !y are agre$ 9 ! op9ion
 t ! attractive woman is also ! less    
valuable1 & t m5 %[ _! lack ( disc]nm5t 
9 s easily all[+ !mselves to be *>m$ by 
h]4 ,man's s5se is1 h[ev]1 n s f> wrong1
 ev5 ?\gh he (t5 takes appe>ance =      
reality4 ,= :at man looks = above all 9 
woman--& loves mo/ deeply1 :5 he f9ds   
x--is ! joy ( goodness4 ,x is ?is :i* is
 made visible 9 all real *>m & ga9s its 
rightful victory2 & only :5 wom5 possess
 ?is joy ( goodness & "k h[ to          
communicate "s ( its *>m to public life1
 w _! p>ticipation 9 ! latt] t5d to     
beautify x4  ,9 judg+ ( ! position (    
affairs at ! pres5t mom5t we ought to   
rememb] t x is n only mo!rs-9-law b also
 daught]s-9-law1 n only ! mi/ress ( !   
h\se b also ! cook1 :o w\ld receive !   
fran*ise4 ,b none ( ^! gr\ps seems      
incl9$ to reg>d ! o!rs z at pres5t end[$

 ) ! greate/ imag9able p]fections--9    
private life6 ,x may n1 !re=e1 be too   
presumptu\s if an outside obs]v] %\ld   
wond] :e!r x w be giv5 to !m to exhibit 
great] p]fections 9 political life4  ,9 
a ^w1 we mu/ rememb] t develop$ wom5 are
 n m num]\s 9 proportion to ! undevelop$
 ?an ! =m] k9d ( m5 are to ! latt]4 ,!  
same or o!r prejudices1 self-int]e/s1 & 
/upidities1 :i* on ! "p ( m5 delay      
progress1 w also /& 9 its way on ! "p ( 
wom54 ,j z "o n[ sees h]ds ( male       
8electoral cattle0 9 ! wrong place1 s w 
"o see cr[ds ( electoral h5s--& ! wrong 
place does n mean ei!r ! "r or ! left1 b
 ! place to :i* "o is driv5 )\t p]sonal 
*oice & :]e "o nev]!less rema9s )\t a   
feel+ ( %ame4  ,woman w1 h[ev]1 h !     
advantage ( be+ able to le>n f man's    
mi/akes1 & %e le>ns m quickly ?an he4 ,b
 only ! p[] ( be+ "o's self active :]e  
"o has ! responsibility1 & ! "r ( decid+
 :]e "o is to act1 are educative4       
,develop$ wom5 w naturally exhibit      
"o-sid$ness1 l develop$ m52 n until ea* 

sex comes =w>d ) its own peculi>ities w 
legislation & adm9i/ration become       
univ]sal4 ,b univ]sality is n yet       
connection4 ,:e!r "o /rums ) "o f+] or )
 all t5 on an in/rum5t1 ?is does n make 
music4 ,n until ea* f+] does its "w--& c
 play toge!r ) ! o!rs--does h>mony      
result1 :e!r "o is speak+ ( in/rum5tal  
or ( social music4  ,be=e social        
politics h replac$ ! politics (         
self-int]e/ & class in/9ct1 x is        
probable t ! vital =ces ( _m w be wa/$1 
& among !m ^? ( _m wom51 if 9 ! meantime
 wom5 ent] political life4 ,b nei!r !   
argum5t t wom5 are too good1 nor t !y   
are too immature1 w weigh heavily 9     
keep+ !m f political "w2 = !y w ha/5    
developm5t 9 ! degree 9 :i* !y pres]ve  
_! wor?2 !y w atta9 ! maturity !y lack 9
 ! degree 9 :i* !y p>ticipate 9         
developm5t4 ,only by be+ us$ c tools be 
gradually adapt$ & p]fect$ = :at !y h to
 d2 only by p]=m+ its functions does !  
organ become develop$ = its purpose4 ,& 
to ?is mu/ be add$ ! equally weighty    

argum5t t ! wom5 ev5 n[ necess>y =      
developm5t are1 no m ?an ! m51 to be    
f\nd on "o side only ( a divid+ l9e (   
money or bir? or education4 ,only !     
great democratic pr9ciple--equal        
possibilities = all--involves 9 spite ( 
its defects ! be/ prospect ( ! "r man or
 ! "r woman arriv+ 9 ! "r place4 ,x is m
 important to ! community t "o man or   
woman ?r\gh "r ( election or eligibility
 %\ld rea* ! prom95t position = :i*     
nature int5d$ !m1 ?an t a hundr$ o!rs   
%\ld make mi/akes z electors4 ,ev5 if   
wom5 are at fir/ on ! side ( reaction--&
 9 ,sw$5 ?is w\ld c]ta9ly be ! case--_! 
direct influ5ce w\ld nev]!less be less  
dang]\s ?an _! indirect & irresponsible 
influ5ce is n[2 = !re w\ld be a         
possibility ( _! be+ conv9c$ by public  
life t1 z long z a dom9ant social &     
economical gr\p ma9ta9s ! conditions :i*
 make innum]able o!r memb]s ( society ! 
victims ( milit>ism & indu/rialism1 (   
pro/itution & alcoholism--s long w all  
social "w be ca/+ se$ into ! sn[4 ,b ev5

 if wom5 did n all[ !mselves to be      
conv9c$1 b only became a support to ^?  
at pres5t 9 p[]1 ?is /ill ought n to be 
a h9drance to _! enfran*isem5t4 ,j z    
no?+ makes u m p]sev]+ ?an work+ =      
ju/ice1 s !re is no bett] evid5ce ( !   
purity ( our own claims ?an :5 we adh]e 
to !m 9 spite ( our k t _! atta9m5t w = 
a long "t be to ! advantage1 n (        
ourselves1 b ( our oppon5ts4   ,ev]yone 
) eyes to see is m & m cle>ly aw>e t 9  
our "t new pa?s mu/ be f\nd4 ,wom5 too  
are m & m frequ5tly among ^? :o see ?is1
 al?\gh ! majority ( wom51 by _!        
ignorance1 _! lack ( und]/&+1 _! petty  
aims1 /ill place ob/acles 9 ! way ( !   
pione] "w ( _! male k9sm5 &             
fell[-work]s4  ,b ev5 among wom5 fully  
consci\s ( ! importance ( social        
que/ions1 !re is little p]ception ( _!  
significance4 ,?is p]ception mu/ be     
rais$1 b1 above all1 ! idea ( collective
 mo!rl9ess mu/ be int5sifi$1 by         
fundam5tally di/+ui%+ x f t ( b5evol5ce4
 ,! latt] may be ju/ifi$ 9 ! individual 

case4 ,b all social "w1 :i* is direct$  
to ! :ole community1 mu/ aim at atta9+ s
 f> 9 "r-?9k+ t all well-do+ may        
disappe>4 ,collective mo!rl9ess mu/ act 
m z an et]nal subt]ranean fire & less z 
! so>+ b soon burnt-out flame ( a       
sacrifice4 ,x is n en\gh t ! in/9ct (   
mutual help & sympa?y is m imm$iate 9   
woman ?an 9 man4 ,j z affection is n    
suffici5t = ! c>e ( *ildr51 if insight  
into ! vital laws ( ! body & s\l is     
lack+1 s also d wom5 ne$ an und]/&+ ( ! 
biology & psy*ology ( society 9 ord] to 
fulfil _! individual tasks 9 national   
economy1 & to und]/& ! problems :i* are 
summ$ up "u ! "n ( social organisation4 
,only ?us c sympa?y ) ! victims (       
society lead wom5 to an ev] /rong]      
opposition to ! sy/em :i* p]mits ^!     
sacrifices4 ,!y mu/ ?us beg9--& t v     
soon--by obta9+ p[] to re/rict ?is1 at  
any rate :]e x applies to ! br++-up (   
*ildr5 & ! education ( ! "y2 to places  
:]e wom5 "w or are br\ght to ju/ice2 :]e
 ! sick & ag$ are c>$ =2 :]e laws are   

made = all ^!4 ,! majority ( wom5--:o   
are /ill on ,*ri/ian gr\nd--prea* at !  
be/ *>ity z ! duty ( ! fav\r$ & pati5ce 
z t ( ! un=tunate4 ,b no m ?an !        
individual "m w be satisfi$ ) *>ity = h]
 own *ild1 b w h full ju/ice--:i*       
implies full possibilities ( developm5t1
 full satisfaction ( :olesome ne$s1 full
 employm5t ( p]sonal p[]s--ev5 s w      
collective mo!rl9ess refuse to be       
satisfi$ ) less on behalf ( any *ild ( !
 community4  ,n until ! idea ( poor-law 
relief is ex*ang$ = t ( self-help1 aid$ 
by society b )\t sacrifice ( pride1 n   
until *>ity is ex*ang$ = ju/ice1 pati5ce
 = ass]tion ( rights1 w !re be a        
prospect = ! _m ( an exi/5ce compatible 
) human dignity4 ,we ne$ n fe> t !      
virtues ( *>ity & pati5ce w !re=e       
disappe>3 ev]yone w d\btless h only too 
mu* daily use = !m--n only t[>ds ,god1 b
 t[>ds himself & 8 neighb\r4  ,b z      
reg>ds ! life ( ! community _! "t is    
gone by--or at lea/ w be s1 9 proportion
 z ! belief 9 a fa!rly provid5ce above  

is ex*ang$ = a k ( ! p[] ( human        
provid5ce ^u e>?4 ,:5 wom5's bra9s &    
he>ts beg9 to ex]cise ?is provid5ce 9   
su* a way t _! views ( life & _! social 
"w no long] conflict ) "o ano!r1 !n & n 
till !n w ^! bra9s & he>ts become a     
re=m+ =ce4  ,n[1 = in/ance1 ! majority (
 wom5 are afraid ( socialism1 z to :i*  
h[ev] only "o op9ion %\ld prevail3 t z a
 p>ty policy 9 ! ne> future x is ! mo/  
indisp5sable motive p[] ( developm5t1   
:ile z a pr9ciple--:5 cle>$ ( ! mutually
 conflict+ dogmas ( diff]5t s*ools--9   
its wide/ mean+ x expresses ! ev] firm] 
coalesc5ce ( society into an ev] m      
intimate unity1 9 :i* ! s9c]e assurance 
( ! old hymn1 8! good ( "o1 ! good (    
all10 w gradually be realis$ 9 & ?r\gh !
 :ole organisation ( society4 ,:5 ?is   
has made ! f9e image ( ! suff]+ ( e     
memb] ?r\gh t ( "o come true--!n w !    
social ,/ate be atta9$4  ,! fe> (       
socialism n[ h9d]s ! lead+ wom5 ( ! upp]
 classes f support+ ! o!rs 9 conflicts  
:i* c result only 9 ! victory ( ! cause 

!y !mselves wi% to fur!r4 ,!y are al>m$ 
at ! m]e ^w claims1 beh9d :i* !y see !  
great ho/s ( ! lab\r+ classes /ream+ on 
) _! r$ flags4 ,!y !re=e pref] to speak 
( ! duty ( vot+ r ?an ( ! "r to vote4   
,!y hope x may be possible to c>ry on   
politics z peacefully z a college (     
tea*]s1 t a public meet+ may be z       
am5able to discipl9e z a s*ool class4 ,b
 ?is lack ( a s5se ( proportion misses  
bo? ! end & ! means4  ,wom5 are ?us     
desir\s--& ) full reason--( aboli%+     
pro/itution4 ,b ! fir/ condition is a   
:olesale rais+--= at lea/ fifty p] c5t4 
a d\bl+--( ! pres5t wages ( work+ wom5 &
 %op assi/ants4 ,?is increase c take    
place only by means ( trade-unions1 & !n
 /rikes w be necess>y4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian    
*ampions ( ! woman's movem5t h a horror 
( bo? ^! ?+s4  ,! latt] desire--& ) full
 reason--to /op ! abuse ( intoxicat+    
liquors4 ,b !y d n see t ?is is n to be 
br\ght ab\t by prohibitions &           
tea-meet+s2 t only by bett]             
opportunities & an increas$ appetite = !

 joys ( home com=t1 education1 beauty1 &
 nature c ! intoxication ( life take !  
place ( ! intoxication ( alcohol4 ,b ^! 
enhanc$ possibilities ( life w result   
only f ! /ubbornly wag$ class-w>1 ( :i* 
,*ri/ian wom5 9 g5]al disapprove4  ,a   
numb] ( wom5 wi% to aboli% w>4 ,b ! same
 wom5 are n able 9 education to r5\nce  
^? k9ds ( =cible me?ods :i* keep alive  
crude passions & l[ ideas ( ju/ice2 !y  
/ill believe t ! s\ls ( *ildr5 are to be
 cleans$ l mats1 by beat+4 ,x is 9 va9 t
 all ! mo/ em95t educationali/s1 z well 
z _m ( ! =emo/ crim9ologi/s ( our "t1 h 
aga9 & aga9 condemn$ corporal           
puni%m5t--:i* "o ( ! greate/ contempor>y
 au?orities on jurisprud5ce has call$ ! 
8fruitless blood%$0 ( ! c5turies--s9ce  
exp]i5ce has incontrov]tibly %[n t      
physical fe> nev] produces morality 9 ! 
true s5se ( ! t]m4 ,wom51 h[ev]1 cont9ue
 to light5 _! "w 9 ! nurs]y by employ+  
fe>4 ,9 o!r words1 !y !mselves          
practise--& tra9 _! *ildr5 9--acts (    
viol5ce1 su* z correspond 9 ! life (    

nations to ! w>s ^! v wom5 wi% to       
aboli%4  ,^! examples might be          
multipli$4 ,!y d n prove t woman is m   
ignorant or m inconsi/5t ?an man 9 h]   
social activity4 ,b !y prove t wom51 l  
m51 w be ( v little value 9 _! public   
capacity1 s long z !y foll[ ! me?ods (  
piece-"w r ?an ( cont9uity4   ,to beg9  
)1 !re=e1 x w\ld seem t individual wom51
 & n ! majority ( ! sex1 w repres5t t   
collective mo!rl9ess :i* is to be at !  
same "t f>-see+ & w>m-he>t$4 ,& ^! wom5 
c no m expect to g on f "o victory to   
ano!r1 ?an c individual m54 ,^? :o--) _!
 s\ls gl[+ aga9/ all inju/ice1 _! he>ts 
w>m & anxi\s ) sympa?y--ent] into cold  
reality1 mu/ be prep>$ to exp]i5ce :at  
has be5 ! lot ( innum]able re=m]s 9     
?\ght & action among ! o!r sex3 t !y h  
won ! be/ = !mselves--m>tyrdom2 b n !   
be/ = society--victory4 ,& x is a poor  
consolation t x is (t5 ! be/ :o become  
m>tyrs & ! next be/ :o are victori\s4 ,!
 =m] are ^? :o ?r[ !mselves into !      
fight1 urg$ by ju/ice or love ( humanity

 or passion = lib]ty--)\t ask+ !mselves 
:e!r !y w conqu]1 or at lea/ )\t kn[+   
:at w be ! answ] to ?is "q4 ,! latt]    
aga9 are usually ^? :o )9 !mselves h    
answ]$ x 9 ! affirmative2 = ?is         
conviction ( success gives !m ! p[] (   
array+ an army beh9d !m1 & ! c\rage to  
inspire x4  ,! precursors among wom5 w  
also f9d out h[ unspeakably difficult x 
is to ari/ocratise ! democracy1 :i* does
 n mean simply clean] h&s & bett]       
mann]s1 b pur] actions & f9] ?\ghts4 ,& 
if !y reta9 _! s5sitiv5ess--z !y mu/--! 
lead+ wom5 w ?us h to suff] n only f _! 
own w\nds1 b f ! %ame ( see+ s _m ( _!  
own sex z incapable z ! m5 ( sacrific+  
_! own advantage--or ! imag9>y          
advantages ( _! c\ntry--:5 humanity &   
ju/ice dem& x4 ,& x w be ! fate ( ^!    
wom5--z ( s _m m5 be=e !m--t ! pure w1 !
 ri* p]sonality1 :i* _c b5d1 w be =c$ to
 break4  ,ev]yone :o has _h any?+ to d )
 politics mu/ h se5 some?+ ( ^! trag$ies
 9 :i* a noble he>t is brok5 piece by   
piece1 & "k h[ cruel ^! bloodless       

/ruggles really are4  ,w ! be/ wom5     
endure to witness su* trag$ies8 ,w !y   
endure to see h[ ye> by ye> politics & !
 press--indirectly1 if n directly1 "u ! 
sway ( f9ancial int]e/--succe$ 9 produc+
 ! greate/ possible numb] (             
half-measures & ! greate/ possible am\nt
 ( /agnation1 accompani$ by inevitable  
self-surr5d] on ! "p ( ! be/1 &         
unconditional self-satisfaction on ! "p 
( ! o!rs8 ,w !y endure see+ h[ 9        
que/ions ( culture1 :]e selfi%ness c    
mean no?+1 omnisci5t /upidity decides ! 
great vital int]e/s ( ! nation8  ,a     
ga!r+ ( p on great national fe/ivals c  
toge!r feel & act m greatly ?an ea*     
individual = himself4 ,b 9 ! ev]yday    
life ( nations ! individual is (t5 bett]
 ?an he becomes 9 co-op]ation ) o!rs4   
,:at collective /upidity1 collective    
c[>dice1 & collective untru?fulness     
toge!r produce )\t %ame 9 public life1  
w\ld cause almo/ ev]yone :o makes up !  
mass to hesitate 9 8 private life4 ,to  
rescue ! effectiv5ess ( ! private       

consci5ce--b at ! same "t to pres]ve !  
p[] ( ! collective consci5ce = great    
mom5ts--?is %\ld be ! great task (      
political morality4   ,wom5 mu/ be      
prep>$ to f9d t _! p>ticipation 9 public
 life w co/ !m1 n only v>i\s unju/ifi$  
prejudices1 b also _m h>d%ips4 ,!y mu/1 
moreov]1 und]/& t x w take mu* "t away f
 _! home2 = ! :ole ?+ is n s simple z   
m]ely h&+ 9 "o's vot+-pap]1 read+ !     
lead+ article in/ead ( ! feuilleton1 &  
go+ to an election meet+ in/ead ( to    
supp]4 ,if "o h&s 9 a vot+-pap] )\t kn[+
 h[ "o has vot$1 "o's p>ticipation is ( 
no great importance4 ,if "o wants to "k 
h[ "o is vot+1 ?is involves ! sacrifice 
( "t2 & :5 once "o has begun to take "p 
9 public affairs1 "o is (t5 =c$ by      
circum/ances fur!r & fur!r into _!      
vortex4  ,fa!rs ( families1 :o 8take up0
 politics1 are ev5 n[ ! despair ( ^?    
families4 ,& :at if mo!rs ( families    
beg9 likewise8  ,?is is ! k]nel ( ! "q4 
,z "m ( a family ! woman :o takes "p 9  
politics mu/ make h] *oice betwe5 an    

outw>d direction ( h] activities :i* w  
be un=tunate = ! home & *ildr5 & a lack 
( indep5d5ce :i* w be p]sonally pa9ful  
to h]4 ,%e c sacrifice h] private       
pleasures1 n h] private duties4 ,b x is 
?is latt] temptation :i* w pres5t itself
 to ! woman ( ! poor] classes4 ,! wife (
 a work+ man wants to g to an election  
meet+ ) h] husb&--b :at ( ! little      
*ildr58 ,!re is no s]vant4 ,! neighb\r's
 wife8 ,%e too wants to g to ! meet+4 ,!
 cr*e8 ,x is clos$ 9 ! ev5+1 = its      
manag]ess also takes an int]e/ 9 public 
affairs6 ,!re is !re=e no way out ( x b 
t ! wife mu/ be cont5t ) h] husb&'s     
judgm5t4  ,9 ! suffrage "q--z always :5 
x 0 a "q ( woman's rights--att5tion has 
be5 too "o-sid$ly direct$ to ! po9t (   
view ( ! unm>ri$ woman ( ! upp] class4  
,b ^! are s f> f be+ ! mo/ important t  
we might r ass]t t a "m ( ! work+ class1
 :o--) all ! tr\ble & privations ?is    
involves = h]--has c>$ well = h] *ildr5 
bo? bodily & spiritually1 has made a    
happy home = !m & h] husb& & !re)al has 

acquir$ = h]self education & insight 9  
social que/ions1 af=ds s extraord9>y a  
social p[]1 t ! mo/ j ( proportional    
suffrage me?ods w\ld be to give h]--&   
all o!r mo!rs ( rem>kable *ildr5--a     
d\ble vote4  ,we are "h aga9 fac$ by !  
difficulty already po9t$ out3 t x is    
precisely ! mo/ excell5t wom51 ! mo/    
indisp5sable = ! task1 :o w h to *oose  
betwe5 ! duties ( collective mo!rl9ess &
 ^? ( mo!rhood1 z well z betwe5 ! latt] 
& ^? ( individual developm5t4 ,dur+ h]  
*ildr5's e>li] ye>s no "m c well fulfil 
bo? ^! mo!rly calls4 ,%e w be =c$ to    
ackn[l$ge t1 if anyone c\ld be said to  
cross ! riv] to fet* wat]--& ) "o ( !   
,danaids' pit*]s at t--!n x w\ld be "o  
:o %\ld set aside h] *ildr5 = h] social 
mission4  ,"h & !re we already meet "o  
or ano!r ( ^! /rong1 pr\d1 & beautiful  
mo!rs ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 :o h lo/ no?+ 
( _! full-blood$ womanl9ess1 b r d\bl$ x
 ?r\gh a p]sonal quality :i* ye> by ye> 
embraces ! k]nel ( _! be+ m closely4    
,human be+ & woman1 citiz5 &            

p]sonality--less ?an ?is ! social "m ( !
 future _c be4 ,%e has de/roy$ all      
bridges :i* might take h] back to !     
womanly ideal ( old] times3 ! p[]ful b  
n>r[-m9d$ h\sekeep]1 ! ?\ghtlessly      
devot$ wife4 ,b at ! same "t %e has no?+
 9 common ) ! %ort-sight$ woman's rights
 woman1 :o takes pride 9 be+ a re/less  
work+-ma*9e or a speciali/ rew>d$ by    
diplomas b o!rwise half-educat$4  ,%e   
has le>n$ some?+ f ! old] z well z f !  
new type4 ,b %e resembles nei!r1 = only 
complet5ess ( life is to h] ! mean+ (   
life4   ,_m a little girl1 lean+ ov] h] 
hi/ory book1 mu/ h be5 indignant at !   
way humanity us$ to be reckon$ 9 pa/    
times3 s _m m5--8besides wom5 & *ildr506
  ,x 0 long be=e wom5 began to be c\nt$ 
at all1 & !y are /ill only half-c\nt$4  
,*ildr5 are /ill "u 8besides40 ,b "s day
 we may p]haps h come s f> 9 our feel+ =
 :at is com+ on1 t we %all inv]t ! ord] 
& reckon 8s _m *ildr5--besides wom5 &   
m540 ,we %all !n give evid5ce 9 our     
treatm5t ( *ildr5 ( our rev]5ce = ^!    

pr(\ndly wise & my/]i\s be+s1 :om we    
nev] fa?om4 ,we %all see beh9d ! figure 
( e *ild ! inf9ite l9e ( pa/ g5]ations1 
be=e x ! equally endless ranks ( ^? to  
come4 ,we %all rememb] 9 our actions t !
 *ild is ! sum ( ^! dead ones1 ! hope ( 
^? unborn4 ,we %all let ! *ild reveal   
itself & receive its revelations ) a    
discretion at pres5t unsuspect$4  ,!    
trag$ies ( ! *ildi% s\l are /ill wait+ =
 _! ,%akespe>e1 al?\gh ! *ild is already
 appe>+ 9 lit]ature z nev] be=e4 ,& "h1 
z ev]1 lit]ature is ! precursor ( !     
great movem5t ( lib]ty :i* %all br+ !   
*ildr5's decl>ation ( rights & make an  
end ( ! spiritual & bodily ill-treatm5t 
( *ildr51 :i* mu/ appe> to ! future z   
mon/r\s z negro slav]y does to u4 ,x may
 be t *ildr5 too w h _! "r to vote1 z   
well z _! own repres5tatives 9 !        
legislature & 9 ! c\rts ( law4#f  ,x    
%\ld be ! collective mo!rs :o w\ld ?us  
f9ally lib]ate ! *ildr5 ( society4 ,x w 
!n be se5 t ! octave ( ! *ild's s\l 0 j 
z indisp5sable z t ( woman or man1 9    

ord] t ! great h>mony ( humanity might  
be complete4  ,:5 ?is happ5s ! ?ird     
k+dom w h arriv$1 ^: ,messiah ! age n[  
awaits4 ,b x is n 9 ! lap ( collective  
mo!rl9ess t he w be borne4  ,aga9 & aga9
 savi\rs w be born to humanity4 ,b      
always ( "s "y woman ) =ehead pure z a  
lily & deep eyes4 ,& ,be?lehem w always 
be !re1 :]e a "y "m kneels 9 pray] by h]
 *ild's cradle4     ,,*apt] ,,viii      
,,free ,,divorce   ,! desire ( ! "y to  
aboli% pro/itution by means ( love's    
fre$om has already be5 adduc$ z "o ( !  
pro(s ( ! high] developm5t ( sexual     
morality4 ,ano!r su* pro( is ! desire ( 
! pres5t day to aboli% adult]y by means 
( free divorce4  ,! prea*]s ( monogamy  
are afraid t ?is desire w prep>e ! way =
 an op5 polygamy1 in/ead ( t :i* at     
pres5t is at lea/ secret4 ,9 ! press & 9
 ! pulpit1 9 s*oolrooms & lecture-rooms1
 mod]n lit]ature is blam$ = ?is 8new    
immorality40  ,& yet we all "k t long   
be=e our "t1 m>ri$ m5 & _! sons 9 c\ntry
 h\ses 7 too (t5 ready to s$uce ! wives 

& daught]s ( _! dep5d5ts z well z !     
s]vants ( ! h\se4 ,! wives & mo!rs ( ^! 
g5tlem5 7 frequ5tly n ignorant ( ?is--b 
!y 7 prais$ = _! wisdom :5 !y pret5d$ to
 suspect no?+4 ,x 0 a matt] ( common k t
 n a few m>ri$ m5 & m>ri$ wom5 _h       
mi/resses & lov]s )9 _! own social      
circle2 & e "o knew t 9 ! t[ns _m m51   
dur+ or be=e m>riage1 _h illegitimate   
families4  ,s]i\s prea*]s ( morality    
d\btless reply t !y no m condone ?is    
secret adult]y ?an !y w\ld an op5 "o2 t 
!y see 9 "o & ! o!r a manife/ation ( t  
p[] ( s9 :i* only religion c vanqui%4   
,we h ! "r !n to ask1 :e!r )9 _! own    
ranks--among cl]gym51 mission>ies1      
read]s--no simil> transgressions occur4 
,! hone/ ones answ] ,yes1 b po9t out t  
?is causes %ame among _!                
fell[-,*ri/ians1 & t ^! believ]s        
!mselves ackn[l$ge t !y h s9n$4 ,su* m5 
( ! _w1 :o play ! hypocrite to reta9 _! 
respectability1 d ! same ?+4 ,b ! great 
dang] to society fir/ comes 9 :5        
free-?9k]s ) no qualms ( consci5ce      

commit1 & au?ors )\t moral indignation  
describe1 ! s94 ,?is x is t degrades !  
ideal ( morality4  ,"h we are at ! v    
cross-roads ( ! old & ! new morality4   
,! *ampions ( ! latt] g on to ask :e!r  
all adult]]s--*ildr5 ( ?is _w z well z  
*ildr5 ( ,god--9 _! inn]mo/ consci\sness
 really feel !mselves to be s9n]s4 ,!   
ne$ :i* impell$ !m 0 p]haps s imp]i\s t 
x ju/ifi$ !m be=e _! own consci5ce 9    
*oos+ a less] evil 9 pref]5ce to a      
great]1 :5--f "o cause or ano!r--!y c\ld
 n or ought n to satisfy ! ne$ 9 _!     
m>riage4  ,& if ?is be s1 !n ! expon5ts 
( ! new morality may h gr\nds = _!      
op9ion3 t self-control _c & mu/ n be !  
only answ] to all ! problems ( sexual   
life2 t a solution mu/ be f\nd :i* %all 
by degrees prev5t m5 f wa/+1 ei!r 9     
un*a/ity or 9 a celibacy disguis$ z     
m>riage1 ! /r5g? :i* belongs to ! race4 
,! solution c only be ?is1 t we n only  
ass]t love's fre$om to unite )\t ext]nal
 tie1 b also man's "r m freely ?an at   
pres5t to loos5 ! tie1 :5 real union is 

no long] possible4  ,:5 speak+ ( love's 
selection1 x 0 put =w>d t a gr[+ insight
 into ! value & conditions ( !          
enhancem5t ( ! race might produce cases 
:]e a m>riage c\ld be op5ly brok5 )\t   
!re=e be+ dissolv$4 ,b ! true l9e (     
developm5t w q c]ta9ly be ?is3 t divorce
 w be free1 dep5d+ solely on ! w ( bo?  
p>ties or ( "o1 ma9ta9$ = a c]ta9 "t2 t 
public op9ion z reg>ds a dissolv$       
m>riage w take ! broad] view t x has    
already acquir$ 9 ! "q ( a brok5        
engagem5t1 :i* at "o "t 0 ?\ght j z     
humiliat+ z a divorce is n[4  ,)        
ev]-gr[+ s]i\sness ! new conception (   
morality is affirm$3 t ! race does n    
exi/ = ! sake ( monogamy1 b monogamy = !
 sake ( ! race2 t mank9d is !re=e ma/] (
 monogamy1 to pres]ve or to aboli% x4   
,ev5 ! advocates ( free divorce "k well 
en\gh t x w involve abuses4 ,b at ! same
 "t !y "k t !re is no bett] pro( ( man's
 incr$ible indol5ce ( m9d ?an !         
uneas9ess produc$ by ! ?\ght ( possible 
abuses result+ f a new social =m1 :ile !

 anci5t abuses are tol]at$ ) ! dulle/   
tranquillity4  ,:atev] abuses free      
divorce may involve1 !y _c (t5 be worse 
?an ^? :i* m>riage has produc$ & /ill   
produces--m>riage1 :i* is degrad$ to !  
co>se/ sexual habits1 ! mo/ %ameless    
traffic1 ! mo/ agonis+ s\l-murd]s1 ! mo/
 inhuman cruelties1 & ! grosse/         
infr+em5ts ( lib]ty t any dep>tm5t (    
mod]n life c %[4  ,we may answ] t abuses
 d n prove any?+ aga9/ ! value ( any    
p>ticul> social arrangem5t1 s long z its
 "r use s]ves well ! purpose = :i* x 0  
introduc$4  ,! majority ?9ks t ?is is   
/ill ! case ) m>riage4 ,! m9ority1 on ! 
o!r h&1 consid]s t its con/ra9t n[ t5ds 
to defeat its orig9al object1 an enhanc$
 sexual morality4  ,?is m9ority ?9ks t1 
z soon z love is admitt$ z ! moral gr\nd
 ( m>riage1 x w be a necess>y consequ5ce
 t he :o has ceas$ to love %\ld be all[$
 a moral z well z a legal "r to )draw f 
8 m>riage1 if he *ooses to avail himself
 ( ?is "r4  ,& ?is same m9ority is aw>e 
t love may cease1 indep5d5tly ( a       

p]son's w2 t !re=e no "o c be held to ! 
t]ms ( a promise1 ! p]=mance ( :i* lies 
outside 8 p[]s4  ,no?+ is m natural ?an 
t love's long+ = et]nity %\ld prompt    
lov]s to v[s ( et]nal fidelity2 no?+ is 
m true ?an t x is a satanic device (    
society to seize ^u ?is promise & base  
!reon a legal in/itution 7,c>p5t]74     
,no?+ is m necess>y ?an to aboli% !     
legal claims t p h on "o ano!r1 support$
 by promises ( love & v[s ( fidelity4   
,! m p und]/& ! laws ( _! own be+1 ! m w
 ! consci5ti\s beg9 to hesitate ab\t    
mak+ promises :i* p]haps "s day !y w be 
=c$ by inn] necessity to break4 ,an     
increas+ numb] ( p f9d x impossible to  
contract m>riage1 or to ask x ( ! o!r   
p>ty--or to cont9ue 9 m>riage or ask its
 cont9uance ( ! o!r--:5 _! love has di$ 
or has awak5$ = ano!r4 ,a g5]ation ago1 
an engag$ p]son c\ld refuse 8 or h]     
betro!d's petition = lib]ation ) ! answ]
 t he or %e _h love en\gh = bo?4 ,9     
correspond+ circles at ! pres5t day1 su*
 a spee* is un?9kable4 ,b !n a public   

engagem5t 0 /ill reg>d$ z a b9d+ tie & !
 m>riage took place4 ,aft] a long       
engagem5t x 0 a 8po9t ( hon\r0 = ! man n
 to let a woman run ! risk ( be+        
unm>ri$1 & %e 0 satisfi$ if he only paid
 8 debt ( hon\r4  ,su* co>s5ess ( feel+ 
is =tunately becom+ m & m r>e1 al?\gh x 
is f> f disappe>+4 ,p see m & m t !y h  
no m "r to m>ry simply to fulfil a duty 
( fidelity ?an !y h to /eal 9 ord] to   
fulfil a duty ( ma9t5ance2 t !re is no m
 obligation to abide by a m>riage :i* "o
 feels to be "o's ru9 ?an !re is a duty 
to commit suicide = ! sake ( ano!r4  ,! 
love ( old] times 0 above all afraid t !
 o!r p>ty %\ld n feel suffici5tly b\nd4 
,! f9e/ erotic feel+ ( ! pres5t day     
%udd]s at ! idea ( becom+ a bond2       
trembles at pity & recoils f !          
possibility ( becom+ a h9drance4 ,?is   
/ate ( ! s\l kn[s ( no o!r "r ?an t (   
p]fect c&\r4 ,to place legal limits to  
ea* o!r's lib]ty1 s t nei!r %all cause  
pa9 to ! o!r1 is "u ^! conditions       
mean+less2 = ea* suff]s j z mu* ?r\gh a 

union ma9ta9$ )\t full reciprocity4     
,?us ! "q ( divorce pres5ts itself to   
mod]n s\ls1 9 cases :]e !re are no      
*ildr54 ,& :5 !re are *ildr5--z is (    
c\rse ! rule--!y ?9k t ! mi/akes ( p>5ts
 d n absolve !m f ! duty ( co-op]at+ 9 !
 re>+ ( ! *ildr5 to :om !y h giv5 life4 
,b !y ma9ta9 t ?is ne$ n always be      
effect$ by means ( cont9u$ cohabitation4
 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is may (t5 be necess>y1 
& 9 su* cases !y subord9ate _! p]sonal  
claims ( happ9ess to ^? ( ! race4 ,"o :o
 holds ^! op9ions reg>ds him :o gives ! 
same answ] 9 e case--:e!r ?is answ] be  
8fre$om at any price0 or 8r5unciation at
 any price0--simply z a moral automaton4
   ,x is true t mod]n m5 & wom5 are less
 able to be> unhapp9ess 9 m>riage ?an 7 
^? ( =m] times4 ,?is %[s t connubial    
idealism makes great] dem&s ?an =m]ly4  
,! consci\s w to live1 ( our "t1 revolts
 aga9/ ! mean+less suff]+s ?r\gh :i* ! p
 ( bygone days1 above all ! wom51 all[$ 
!mselves to be degrad$1 b5umb$1 &       
embitt]$4 ,a f9] k ( self1 a /rong]     

consci\sness ( p]sonality1 n[ puts a    
limit to "o's own suff]+1 s9ce ! dang]  
is und]/ood ( tak+ hurt 9 "o's s\l4 ,?is
 det]m9ation ( individualism makes x    
impossible = ! mod]n woman to be fir$ by
 ! ideal ( ,griselda--if = no o!r       
reason1 because %e feels h[ all-suff]+  
meekness increases inju/ice4 ,! 8good   
old0 m>riages1 su/a9$ by ! will+        
sacrifice ( wives1 are disappe>+--t is  
happily true6 ,b no "o takes notice ( ! 
new good ones t are com+ 9 _! place4 ,if
 ^? :o n[ grudg+ly reckon up divorces   
w\ld also c\nt all happy m>riages1 x    
w\ld be se5 t new =mation has proce$$   
fur!r ?an dissolution4  ,x mu/ be evid5t
 t ! "q ( divorce is ! pursuance ( ! l9e
 ( developm5t ( ,prote/antism4 ,) !     
=mation ( a "r & a left p>ty1 z usual 9 
! treatm5t ( a problem ( culture1 !     
,re=mation succe$$ only 9 ass]t+ ! "r ( 
! s5ses 9 human life4 ,t x is ! "r ( !  
s\l 9 sexual life t is n[ mo/ intimately
 affect$ by ! "q1 p w n und]/&4 ,aga9/ !
 "r ( ! individual !y set up t ( ! *ild4

 ,if !re is none1 !n a c]ta9 numb] (    
,*ri/ians are will+ to admit t divorce  
is sometimes ju/ifi$4 ,unhappy p>5ts1 on
 ! o!r h&1 mu/ rema9 toge!r = ! sake ( !
 *ildr54  ,b ! erotically noble p]son ( 
! pres5t day _c1 )\t ! deepe/ s5se (    
humiliation1 belong to "o he does n     
love1 or by :om he kn[s he is n lov$4   
,?us = "o or bo? ( ! p>ties a m>riage t 
is p]si/$ 9 )\t ! love ( "o or bo?      
causes pr(\nd suff]+ ei!r ?r\gh ?is     
humiliation or ?r\gh lifelong celibacy4 
,?is is ! k]nel ( ! "q1 :i* is avoid$ by
 all :o1 9 _! c>e = ! *ildr51 =get t !  
p>5ts mu/ nev]!less be consid]$ z an end
 9 !mselves4 ,x is n ask$ t = ! sake ( !
 *ildr5 !y %\ld commit o!r crimes2 ?us a
 woman :o committ$ =g]y to support h]   
*ild w\ld be disapprov$ (4 ,b o!r wom5  
are judg$ l5i5tly :o 8= ! sake ( _!     
*ildr50 feel !mselves pro/itut$ ye> aft]
 ye> 9 _! m>riage4  ,t m>ri$ p are to be
 f\nd :o cont9ue to live z fri5ds1 s9ce 
! erotic ne$s ( bo? are small2 t o!rs d 
n feel ! humiliation ( cohabitation )\t 

love2 t ! =m] z well z ! latt] are      
probably act+ be/ = ! *ildr5 9 keep+    
toge!r a home = !m--?is does n prev5t   
o!rs "u simil> circum/ances f suff]+ 9  
su* a way t life loses all its value4 ,&
 ^! are !y :o end ei!r 9 adult]y or     
divorce4  ,ev5 if an enemy ( divorce    
admits ^! difficulties1 he replies1 t ! 
individual mu/ /ill suff] = 8 erotic z =
 8 o!r mi/akes1 s9ce only s c p be      
taught n to commit mi/akes4  ,b ! true  
/ate ( ! case may be1 t j z 9 old times 
murd]s increas$ 9 proportion to ! numb] 
( executions p witness$1 s unhappy      
m>riages may become m frequ5t1 ! m !re  
are at pres5t2 = x is1 above all1 ! :ole
 _s t prevails ar\nd u :i* det]m9es our 
action4 ,if ! "y are accu/om$ to see _! 
eld]s cont5t ) false & ugly relations1  
!y w le>n to be s likewise4 ,if !y see  
ar\nd !m an aspiration t[>ds ideal      
conditions 9 love--an idealism :i* is   
reveal$ n[ 9 a beautiful m>ri$ life1 n[ 
9 ! dissolution ( "o t is n             
beautiful--!n _! ideals w also be l(ty4 

,^? aga91 :o h once made a mi/ake1 w    
p]haps be m cle>-sight$ if !y *oose     
aga94  ,b nei!r ^? :o make mi/akes nor  
^? :o witness !m c be sav$ by !         
mis=tunes ( o!rs f t great s\rce (      
error1 erotic illusion4 ,& until erotic 
sympa?y has become m ref9$1 ^! mi/akes  
are ! mo/ innoc5t ( all4 ,e lov]        
believes himself to be exempt$ f !      
sacrifice ( illusion & no exp]i5ce ( !  
irretrievable erotic mi/akes ( o!rs has 
ev] op5$ ! eyes ( "o bl9d$ by love4  ,z 
x is recognis$ t society ought to make !
 lives ( all z valuable z possible1 ?is 
involves ! claim t innoc5t mi/akes %\ld 
cause z little ru9 z ne$ be4  ,9 m>riage
 z 9 o!r fields1 ! mod]n pr9ciple mu/ be
 put 9 =ce1 t puni%m5t %\ld improve !   
faulty & prep>e ! way = a high] idea (  
ju/ice4 ,b ?is high] idea is t m>riage  
%\ld be contract$ "u gradually improv+  
conditions1 n t x %\ld cont9ue "u       
gradually det]iorat+ influ5ces4         
,m>riage "u con/ra9t =ces p to cont9ue  
_! cohabitation & to br+ *ildr5 into !  

_w 9 a revolt ( ! s\l :i* mu/ leave its 
m>k 9 _! *ildr5's nature & ?us influ5ce 
_! future de/9y4 ,b ?is is n a          
8well-des]v$ puni%m5t0 = a mi/ake3 x is 
! pr(\nde/ violation ( ! sanctity ( !   
p]sonality & ( ! race4  ,"h z ev] ! only
 logical alt]native is full individual  
lib]ty or unconditional surr5d]4  ,!    
,ca?olic ,*ur* ma9ta9s--& rightly f its 
own po9t ( view--t1 s9ce ev5 m>riages   
ent]$ into ) ! w>me/ love & "u ! mo/    
fav\rable conditions may turn out       
unhappily1 x is impossible to base !    
morality ( m>riage on ! emotion ( love4 
,no?+ t is f\nd$ ^u emotion c be        
p]man5t4 ,nay1 ! ri*]1 ! m individually 
& univ]sally develop$ a p]sonality is1 !
 less immutable w be ! /ate ( its s\l4  
,?us ev5 ! highe/ ne$ an inflexible law1
 an irremovable tie1 to prev5t _! be+ at
 ! m]cy ( w9ds & waves ?r\gh _!         
emotions1 :ile inf]ior be+s ne$ !m s z n
 to be driv5 out ( _! c\rse by _!       
desires4 ,! concessions ( ,prote/antism1
 !re=e1 lead to ! dissolution ( m>riage1

 s9ce :5 love is made ! basis ( m>riage 
x is built ^u s&4  ,m>riage1 :i* ! ,*ur*
 !re=e made a sacram5t & indissoluble1  
_h already become ! legal expression ( !
 husb&'s "r ( private own]%ip ov] 8 wife
 & *ildr54 ,! c\rse ( developm5t has    
consi/$ 9 an unceas+ trans=mation ( ?is 
religio-economical view1 & developm5t _c
 /op until ! la/ remnant ( ?is          
conception has be5 de/roy$4  ,!re=e !   
believ]s 9 ,life refuse to admit ei!r ! 
half-admissions ( ,prote/antism or !    
logical compulsion ( ,ca?olicism4 ,!y   
dem& t ! /ep f au?ority to fre$om %all  
be tak5 outright1 s9ce !y "k t ! ext]nal
 au?ority :i* simplifies life does n    
create ! deep] morality4 ,compulsion    
fett]s legal fre$om ( action1 b !reby   
only makes secret crime a social        
in/itution4  ,& ev5 if a husb& or a wife
 has outw>dly ov]come a temptation1 ?is 
w n prev5t t individual :5 9 ! embrace (
 ! lawful sp\se f be+ fill$ ) feel+ =   
ano!r4 ,h !y !n avoid$ adult]y8 ,n      
accord+ to _! own f9e/ consci\sness--t  

consci\sness :i* ,goe! ar\s$ 9 8 great  
poem on elective aff9ities4 ,duties     
p]=m$ may z surely z ^? left undone     
produce incalculable & tragic results4  
,!y are fooli% :o ?9k !y c lead ano!r   
s\l across ! bridge1 f9e z a hair & %>p 
z a knife-edge1 by :i* e "o goes 8      
solit>y way ov] ! abyss to salvation3 ! 
way ( ! *oice ( p]sonal consci5ce4  ,:5 
cu/om & law deprive a human be+ ( full  
fre$om ( *oice 9 ! matt]s ( mo/ pr(\nd  
p]sonal conc]n--8 belief1 8 "w1 & 8     
love--!n exi/5ce is robb$ ( great]      
values ?an ^? ! compulsory fulfilm5t (  
duty c br+ 94   ,9 love1 ! idea (       
p]sonality has n[ br\ght u to ! view t  
8prop]ty is !ft02 t only free gifts are 
( value2 t ! ideas ( connubial 8rights0 
& 8duties0 are to be ex*ang$ = ! great  
recon/ructive ?\ght1 t fidelity c nev]  
be promis$1 b t inde$ x may be won e    
day4  ,?is w give ! motive p[] = !      
atta9m5t ( ev] high] =ms ( erotic       
organisation a p[] :i* ! ,buddha-l calm 
( indissoluble m>riage has left unus$4  

,x is sad t ?is tru?--:i* 0 already cle>
 to ! noble m9ds ( ! ,c\rts (           
,love--%\ld /ill ne$ proclaim+2 = "o ( !
 reasons giv5 9 ^! ,c\rts = love be+    
impossible 9 m>riage is ?is3 t woman _c 
expect f h] husb& ! delicate conduct t a
 lov] mu/ %[1 s9ce ! latt] only receives
 by fav\r :at ! husb& takes z 8 "r4  ,:5
 divorce becomes free1 ! att5tion to ea*
 o!r's emotions1 ! delicacy ( conduct & 
! desire to captivate by be+ always new1
 :i* belong to ! p]iod ( engagem5t1 w be
 cont9u$ 9 m>ri$ life4 ,z 9 ! e>ly days 
( love1 ea* w all[ ! o!r full fre$om 9  
all ess5tial manife/ations ( life1 b w  
ex]cise control ov] 8 own casual moods1 
:]eas m>riage n[ z a rule rev]ses ?is   
happy /ate ( ?+s4  ,! security (        
possession n[ puts to sleep ! eag]ness (
 acquisition2 ! compulsion to w9 anew w 
brace ! en]gy 9 ?is z 9 e o!r           
connection4  ,a fidelity ?us won w be ! 
only sort t w be ?\ght wor? hav+ 9 !    
future4 ,a crav+ = happ9ess m s5sitive  
?an ! pres5t may "o day m>vel at !      

legally insur$ fidelity ( our "t1 z at  
its inh]itance ( weal?4 ,9 bo? cases x w
 h be5 se5 t only "o's ex]tion ( =ce    
br+s happ9ess & gives t felicity (      
victory be=e :i* h&s /ret*$ out to /eal 
%r9k back4  ,! believ]s 9 ,life are     
ev]y:]e di/+ui%$ by _! det]m9ation to   
give to e relation ! value ( ! unique1 !
 /amp ( ! exceptional1 t :i* has nev]   
be5 be=e & w nev] come aga94 ,l !       
wor%ipp]s ( ,life ( ! ,r5aissance1 ^? ( 
our "t h begun to recov] ! p[] ( /rong  
enjoym5t & /rong suff]+ :i* is always ! 
sign ( increas+ spiritual unity1 a new  
ga!r+ ( =ce ?r\gh a new religi\s feel+4 
,to ?is view ( life ! p]man5ce (        
happ9ess w be less important ?an its    
complet5ess :ile x la/s4  ,sp9oza1 :o   
describ$ jeal\sy z no "o else has done1 
has also utt]$ ?is deep say+ ( love3 ,! 
great] ! emotion we hope t ! lov$ "o w  
exp]i5ce ?r\gh u1 & ! m ! lov$ "o is    
mov$ by joy 9 8 relation to u1 ! great] 
also w be our own happ9ess 9 love4  ,p (
 ! pres5t day h begun to di/+ui% ! idea 

( ?is 8greate/ joy0 f lifelong          
proprietor%ip2 & !re) jeal\sy 9 its l[] 
=m has begun to disappe>4  ,jeal\sy l   
o!r %ad[s belongs to ! ris+ & sett+     
light & disappe>s l !m 9 ! full cle>ness
 ( noonday4 ,b its tone ( feel+ has     
become q diff]5t s9ce man has discov]$  
t1 if ! sun /&s /ill 9 ! z5i? = him1 x  
is a miracle--n a "r4 ,! mo/ highly     
develop$ p ( ! pres5t day say 8,i am    
lov$0 or 8,i am n lov$0 ) ! same        
simplicity z !y say ! sun %9es or does n
 %9e4 ,! diff]5ce is 9 bo? cases        
immeasurable1 b 9 "o case z 9 ! o!r1    
necessity removes ! feel+ ( humiliation4
 ,! grief :i* comes :5 a lov] no long]  
feels t he br+s joy to ! belov$ or :5 he
 sees ano!r br+ x1 is natural & wor?y ( 
respect4 ,x ceases to be s :5 x manife/s
 itself 9 ! w ( an av>ici\s proprietor1 
! brutal in/9ct :i* (t5 survives n only 
! feel+ ( ! o!r b also its own4  ,b     
al?\gh ! psy*ological diff]5tiation 9   
our "t involves great] possibilities (  
f9d+ "s "o :o w satisfy "s side ( !     

erotic long+1--:ile x is m & m difficult
 to f9d "o :o :olly satisfies ?is ev] m 
complex desire1--! dang] ( su* division 
( self is c\nt]balanc$ by ! gr[+ wi% = !
 long+ to be :olly satisfi$4 ,love by   
?us mak+ ev] great] dem&s becomes at !  
same "t ev] m fai?ful4  ,^? :o dread !  
dissolution ( society ?r\gh ! insi/5ce  
^u ! rights ( love1 d n reflect t its "r
 to break up m>riage is all[$ to !      
feel+1 :i* has n only ! r$ gl[ (        
passion1 b also ! cle>ness ?r\gh :i* two
 p h become consci\s ( ea* o!r z a      
revelation ( ! :ole unsuspect$ ri*ness (
 life4 ,a revelation :i* includ$ all !  
fulness ( compreh5sion1 all ! s]5ity (  
confid5ce2 :]e bo? h giv5 ) equal       
exact+ness & g5]osity--n meagrely or    
hesitat+ly1 b s t ea* )\t res]ve has    
ru%$ to meet ! o!r--?is is ! only       
happ9ess t love's noblem5 w n[ exp]i5ce4
 ,x w be m & m difficult ev5 to exp]i5ce
 x once--h[ mu* m s !n to f9d x _m      
times6  ,a great love is nev] l ! erotic
 ?und]/orms :i* move aga9/ ! w9d--t is  

to say1 aga9/ ! :ole disposition ( !    
p]sonality 9 o!r ?+s4  ,all valuable    
feel+s--:e!r ent]ta9$ = a p]son1 a      
belief1 a place1 or a c\ntry--are       
cons]vative4 ,! consci\sness ( ?is gives
 ! prea*] ( lib]ty 8 boldness4 ,he nev] 
p]ceives h[ lib]ty may be abus$1 s9ce he
 kn[s :at x co/s to loos5 a he>t f :at x
 has once embrac$4  ,to a volatile      
nature1 ! happ9ess t a m /eadfa/ "o     
exp]i5ces 9 love is z unfa?omable z !   
bliss ( ! my/ic becom+ absorb$ into !   
fulness ( 8 div9ity is to ! poly!i/4    
,"h1 z ev]y:]e1 to ! believ] 9 ,life1   
happ9ess is "o ) morality4 ,s9ce        
happ9ess consi/s 9 ! greate/ emotions1  
its fir/ condition is to int5sify &     
enl>ge all feel+s1 & above all t :i*    
leads to m>riage4  ,b 9 addition1 ! :ole
 /&>d ( p]sonality dep5ds to a great    
ext5t ^u :e!r we consid] fidelity a     
life-value4 ,he :o desires fidelity     
c5tres 8 moods & 8 p[]s ^u :at is       
ess5tial & protects !m f ! gu/s ( !     
accid5tal4 ,only ?is gives /yle &       

greatness to exi/5ce4 ,! desire (       
fidelity is !re=e "o ) a p]son's feel+ =
 8 own integrity1 8 inw>d consi/5cy1 !  
attitude & dignity ( 8 spiritual be+4   
,:5 fidelity is pres]v$ = ^! pr(\nd     
reasons1 x w also be brok5 only = ! same
 reasons4 ,a fidelity1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* 
re/s ^u conv5tional notions ( duty1 w be
 9 ! fire l a fire-escape ( /raw4  ,x is
 moreov] =gott51 9 all discussions ( !  
dang]s ( free divorce1 t "u ! influ5ce (
 love ! :ole disposition ( ! s\l is     
t[>ds fidelity4 ,great love absorbs all 
associations ( ideas & ?us )\t consci\s 
ex]tion int5sifies & enl>ges !          
p]sonality4 ,fidelity w be a necess>y   
condition ( love1 b a condition ^:      
psy*ological cont9uance is n fav\r$ by  
co]cive m>riage4  ,fidelity t[>ds "o's  
self--also 9 ! new s5se ( ! ^w--?us     
involves n only ! ability 9 case ( ne$  
to de/roy ! bridge betwe5 "o's self &   
"o's pa/4 ,x also implies ! build+ (    
bett] bridges to /r5g!n ! connection    
betwe5 our p]sonality & our pres5t4 ,x  

implies n only ! capacity to h f9i%$ ) a
 de/9y2 b also t ( n hav+ done too soon 
) a p]son4 ,x may c]ta9ly involve !     
necessity ( a new exp]im5t 9 life4 ,b   
/ill m c]ta9ly x involves ! ne$ ( n     
all[+ ! incid5tal numbness ( "o's feel+ 
to s$uce "o to new 8exp]i5ces40 ,?is    
expression--9 place ( ! old ^w          
8adv5tures0--implies1 moreov]1 an       
int5sification ( feel+3 :]e =m]ly only !
 excitem5t ( 8adv5ture0 0 look$ =1 a    
ri*] elem5t ( life is n[ s\ght4 ,b x is 
(t5 a fatal error to suppose t ?is is to
 be ga9$ 9 new relations1 :5 on !       
contr>y x might h be5 won by an         
int5sification ( ! =m] ones4 ,by m      
att5tion to & respect = ! o!r's         
p]sonality "o may (t5 discov] m ?an "o  
_h expect$2 = "s p are l c]ta9 l&scapes 
or works ( art3 !y d n beg9 to make an  
impression until "o ?9ks "o has done )  
!m4 ,b piety is requir$ to await !      
revelations ( s\l z ( a "w4 ,piety      
implies contemplation1 & ?is dem&s      
peace4 ,b peace is difficult to f9d 9   

our "t1 ^: mis=tune is precisely        
di/urbance & amusem5t4  ,t our "t l e   
o!r has its p>ticul> epidemics 9 !      
erotic sph]e1 is c]ta91 & di/urbance is 
j ! condition 9 :i* ! mo/ dang]\s ( ^!  
f9d a fav\rable soil4 ,x is !re=e a "p (
 ! erotic art ( liv+ t a m>ri$ c\ple    
%\ld n[ & !n pass "s "t undi/urb$ 9 ea* 
o!r's company--or sep>ately & alone--9  
ord] ?us to /r5g!n ! heal? ( _! feel+s4 
,"h z 9 o!r ?+s ext]nal precautions     
aga9/ infection are unimportant 9       
comp>ison ) c>e ( ! g5]al heal?4  ,only 
he :o1 aft] unceas+ ef=t & pati5t       
self-exam9ation1 c say t he has us$ all 
8 res\rces ( goodness & und]/&+2 put    
into 8 m>ri$ life all 8 desire (        
happ9ess & all 8 vigilance2 tri$ e      
possibility ( enl>g+ ! o!r's nature1 &  
yet has be5 unsuccessful1--only he c )  
an easy consci5ce give up 8 m>ri$ life4 
,! life-tree ( a human be+ is =m$1 no m 
?an are ! trees ( ! =e/1 accord+ to a   
/rict measure = ! l5g? ( ! bran*es or a 
patt]n = ! %ape ( ! leaves4 ,l nature's 

trees1 its beauty dep5ds ^u ! fre$om ( !
 b\ghs to take unexpect$ curves1 ^u !   
disposition ( ! leaves to exhibit an    
inf9ite div]sity ( %ape4 ,only he :o    
does n p]mit ! tree to gr[ accord+ to   
its own inn] laws1 b clips x accord+ to 
^? ( g>d5+1 c be sure ( n prep>+        
surprises = himself & o!rs1 :5 "o bran* 
unexpect$ly %oots out & ano!r equally   
unacc\ntably )]s4 ,no "o c answ] = !    
trans=mations to :i* life ?us may       
subject 8 own nature2 nor = ! *anges :i*
 ! trans=mation ( ano!r's nature may    
effect 9 8 own feel+4 ,he may possess ! 
r>e/ disposition to fidelity1 ! mo/     
s9c]e desire to conc5trate himself ^u 8 
love1 to 8let 8 p]sonality gr[ ar\nd x1 
z ab\t its core0--x nev]!less does n    
dep5d ^u 8 w alone :e!r ?is core %all   
%rivel or be corrupt$4  ,!re=e ! desire 
( fidelity c n1 mu/ n1 & ought n to     
imply m ?an ! w to be true to ! deepe/  
ne$s ( "o's own p]sonality4  ,9 o!r     
sph]es ?an t ( love1 p admit ?is freely4
 ,nobody consid]s x an unque/ionable    

duty = a "y man to f9d at once ! view ( 
life or ! c>e] 9 :i* he c cont9ue = !   
re/ ( 8 life4 ,:at "y p are rightly w>n$
 aga9/ is ! w&]+ )\t me?od among diff]5t
 op9ions or und]tak+s2 = only t belief  
or t "w :i* "o s]i\sly tries to live by 
& live = c really employ ! p[]s ( !     
p]sonality & ?us %[ its efficacy 9      
enhanc+ !m4 ,b ! mo/ pr(\nd s]i\sness _c
 prev5t a cont9u$ developm5t ( !        
p]sonality f "o day compell+ ! man to   
ab&on t belief or t "w4 ,x probably w\ld
 n occur to a ?\ghtful cl]gyman to      
appeal to su* a man's promises at       
confirmation1 or to a ?\ghtful fa!r to  
br+ =w>d 8 own *oice ( a c>e] z an      
example to 8 son4  ,lifelong t5acity 0  
dem&$ 9 ^? days :5 x 0 assum$ t a s+le  
doctr9e1 a s+le set ( circum/ances1 0   
entirely adequate = p]sonal developm5t =
 a :ole lifetime4 ,! crime ( deviation 0
 !n logically puni%$ by excommunication 
or by f9es4 ,b ! pr(\nd] view :i* we h  
acquir$ 9 ! matt]s ( belief & occupation
 mu/ also be ext5d$ to ! ?ird4 ,we ought

 to p]ceive t unconditional fidelity to 
"o p]son may be j z disa/r\s to !       
p]sonality z unconditional cont9uance 9 
a fai? or an employm5t4 ,^? :o are n[   
pat*+ ! sack-clo? ( asceticism ) a few  
%r$s f ! purple mantle ( p]sonality are 
spoil+ bo?4 ,ei!r /ate ! claim (        
r5unciation cle>ly1 l ! ,ca?olic1 or    
admit ! :ole claim ( p]sonality4 ,b !   
:ole problem is unfairly /at$ by ^? :o  
make 8p]sonal love0 ! moral basis (     
m>riage1 b g on to speak ( ?is love z   
?\gh x 7 a "q ( light-he>t$ly tak+      
p>tn]s = a game1 :]e no?+ is m usual ?an
 t ea* woman f9ds ! "r man & ea* man !  
"r woman--& s ev]y?+ is 9 ord]4 ,if life
 7 s easy1 !re w\ld be reason = !       
pron\ncem5ts1 :i* are n[ s pr(\ndly     
co>se1 t only ! man or woman )\t "*1 !  
aimless p]sonality1 is incapable ( v[+ a
 lifelong love & keep+ ! promise2 nay1 t
 a true p]sonality c 8comm& itself to   
love its *ild's fa!r or "m40  ,he :o    
ass]ts t our true p]sonality w always   
foll[ ! duty laid d[n by society &      

con/antly be able to fulfil ! claims (  
fidelity1 & t ^? :o _c d ?is are guid$  
by a false subjectivity & n by _!       
p]sonality1 makes ! idea ( p]sonality   
equival5t to t ( memb] ( society1 ! :ole
 equival5t to ! "p4 ,! p]sonality1 !    
unique & peculi> value1 is c]ta9ly      
connect$ ?r\gh "p ( its nature ) ! /&>ds
 ( "r upheld by society4 ,yet x nev]    
becomes equival5t to !m4  ,! only ?+    
!re=e t a psy*ological ?9k] c dem& is t 
love %\ld n divide ! p]sonality 9 any   
phase ( a human be+'s developm5t1 b %\ld
 always be its true expression4  ,b only
 "o :o is ignorant ( ! idea ( p]sonality
 c believe t ! relation1 into :i* a     
p]son at ! age ( tw5ty puts 8 :ole      
feel+1 mu/ necess>ily correspond to !   
ne$s ( ! same p]sonality z x becomes at 
?irty or =ty4 ,only "o s ignorant c     
p]suade himself t ! de/9y ( our love w  
necess>ily resemble our l(ty !ory (     
love1 our pure desire ( con/ancy4 ,if   
ev5 our own w has little to d ) ! love  
we feel1 h[ mu* less !n w x influ5ce t  

:i* we receive or lose6  ,?us ! problem 
( fidelity is n solv$ m]ely by impos+ ! 
claim ( con/ancy ^u "o's self2 = 9 !    
fir/ place1 9 love !re are two :o mu/   
desire ! same ?+1 & 9 ! second1 ea* ( ^!
 two is manifold4  ,no human be+ is sole
 ma/] ( 8 fate :5 he has unit$ x )      
ano!r's4 ,! possibility ( becom+ a      
complete p]sonality 9 & ?r\gh love      
dep5ds 9 half ^u ! pure & :ole desire ( 
! o!r to %>e 9 develop+ ! common life4  
,x is ?is :i* is ov]look$ by ! eloqu5t  
prea*]s ( 8con/ancy z ! expression ( !  
p]sonality10 & ?is makes _! words ab\t !
 duty ( lifelong love z mean+less z a   
h>angue ab\t ! duty ( lifelong heal?4   
,x is a beautiful sight :5 two m>ri$ p  
enjoy ! happ9ess ( _! love = ! :ole day 
( human life4 ,x is also a beautiful    
sight :5 life sets l a cle> sun ^u !    
horizon1 & does n lose itself l a we>y  
riv] 9 ! s&4 ,b ^! are beautiful ideals 
n comm&s ( duty4  ,love1 l heal?1 c     
c]ta9ly be neglect$ or c>$ =1 & by good 
c>e ! av]age l5g? ( life bo? ( human    

be+s & ( _! loves may be rais$4  ,b !   
f9al causes bo? ( love's bir? & ( its   
dea? are z my/]i\s z ^? ( ! orig9 &     
cessation ( life4 ,a p]son c !re=e no m 
promise to love or n to love ?an he c   
promise to live long4 ,:at he c promise 
is to take good c>e ( 8 life & ( 8 love4
   ,?is may be done1 z already po9t$    
out1 ?r\gh ! consci\s w to be fai?ful1 !
 firm resolve to make love a great      
exp]i5ce4  ,b p]haps ! majority z yet d 
little to pres]ve _! happ9ess4 ,9 ?is   
case1 life works = !m1 z ,god 8gives to 
8 s]vants1 :ile !y sleep40  ,if ev] !   
doctr9e ( ! importance ( ! inf9itely    
small has its application1 x is 9       
respect to ! p[] ! little ?+s ( ev]yday 
life h ( unit+ or divid+ 9 m>riage4  ,t 
h>d%ips & memories1 joys & sorr[s %>$   
b9d p toge!r ev5 )\t ! cont9uance (     
love2 t 9 ! deepe/ s5se ( ! ^w !y _c be 
sep>at$1 s9ce a great "p ( ! "o's nature
 rema9s 9 ! o!r's--?is 9 reality =ms !  
b9d+ tie1 b n ideas ( duty1 :e!r cle> or
 obscure1 /rict or free4 ,if 9 "o case a

 m>ri$ life has s dri$ up ! feel+s ( bo?
 t a gu/ ( w9d drives !m ap>t l two )]$ 
leaves1 9 ano!r x may h giv5 ! feel+s   
su* deep roots t1 ev5 if all ! leaves t 
! spr+time gave are torn away1 ev5 if   
life seems z empty & cold z nak$ b\ghs 9
 w9t]--x is /ill liv$ 9 common4  ,x is  
?us a physiological & psy*ological fact 
t ! man or woman :o = ! fir/ "t has     
communicat$ to ! o!r ! joys ( ! s5ses   
reta9s a p[] ov] h] or him :i* is nev]  
really set aside4 ,x is ev5 said t long 
aft] a man's dea? a woman sometimes be>s
 *ildr5 to ano!r man :i* resemble !     
fir/4 ,z su* influ5ces are m decid$ 9 ! 
case ( ! woman1 h] fidelity has also =  
?is reason become m ( a natural         
necessity ?an man's--al?\gh ! same      
influ5ce1 if 9 a some:at less degree1   
applies to him4  ,ev5 if no qualms (    
consci5ce = o!rs' suff]+s are m+l$ ) a  
new happ9ess--9 _m o!r s5ses ! two1 :o 9
 ea* o!r seek to =get ! pa/ ( "o ( !m1 w
 p]haps = ev] f9d a ?ird betwe5 !m4     
,m>riage1 9 a ^w1 has su* sure allies 9 

man's psy*o-physical conditions ( life t
 "o ne$ n be afraid ( fre$om ( divorce  
becom+ equival5t to polygamy4 ,:at ?is  
fre$om w\ld aboli% is only lifelong     
slav]y4   ,x is evid5t to e ?\ghtful    
p]son t a real sexual morality is almo/ 
impossible )\t e>ly m>riage2 = simply to
 ref] ! "y to ab/95ce z ! true solution 
( ! problem is1 z we h already ma9ta9$1 
a crime aga9/ ! "y & aga9/ ! race1 a    
crime :i* makes ! primitive =ce (       
nature1 ! fire ( life1 into a de/ructive
 elem5t4  ,b ! consequ5ce ( e>ly        
m>riages mu/ be free divorce4  ,z soon z
 "o approa*es ! out] side ( ! m>riage   
problem1 "o is met by ! exp]i5ce :i* !  
f\r great ,norwegian writ]s1 ,ibs51     
,bjrnson1 ,lie1 & ,kiell&1 "s ye>s ago  
jo9tly & publicly ann\nc$3 t at pres5t !
 majority d n m>ry = love4 ,& ,r4 ,l4   
,/ev5son may h hit ! m>k1 :5 he calls ! 
m>riages ( ! majority 8a k9d ( fri5d%ip 
sanction$ by ! police0 & comp>es !      
8fancy0 :i* decides !m to t :i*         
sometimes takes "o = a p>ticul> fruit 9 

a di% t is be+ h&$ r\nd4  ,b ev5 if we  
"o day come s f> t e>ly love-mat*es are 
! rule1 we %all /ill be fac$1 z reg>ds  
!m1 by ! sy/em :i* at pres5t obta9s     
among ! upp] classes3 t m>riage is b9d+ 
^u ! lov]s be=e love is consummat$4 ,!re
 is !re=e a tru? wor?y ( consid]ation 9 
! words ( ! bro!rs ,m>gu]itte1 9 _!     
contribution to ! "q ( free divorce2 t z
 ! "y girl has n exp]i5c$ :at %e b9ds   
h]self to at m>riage1 ! majority (      
divorces beg9 on ! w$d+ night4  ,free   
divorce is !re=e an unconditional dem& (
 su* "y p :o "k t un=ese5 trans=mations 
may take place 9 ! sph]e ( ! s\l z 9 t (
 ! s5ses1 & :o n[ frequ5tly seek 9 !    
secret possession ( love a security     
aga9/ a precipitancy :i* ! legal bond ( 
m>riage may make irretrievable4  ,! "y  
"k1 if any c "k1 t no =m ( love is m    
beautiful ?an t 9 :i* two "y p f9d ea*  
o!r s e>ly t !y d n ev5 "k :5 _! feel+ 0
 born1 & accompany ea* o!r ?r\gh all _! 
=tunes1 sometimes ev5 to dea?--= n[ & !n
 life v\*safes ?is cr[n+ =tune4 ,nev] d 

great] possibilities exi/ = ! happ9ess  
bo? ( ! individuals & ( ! race ?an 9 a  
love :i* beg9s s e>ly t ! two c gr[     
toge!r 9 a common developm5t2 :5 !y     
possess all ! memories ( y\? z well z   
all ! aims ( ! future 9 common2 :5 !    
%ad[ ( a ?ird has nev] fall5 across !   
pa? ( ei!r2 :5 _! *ildr5 9 turn dream ( 
! great love !y h se5 radiat+ f _!      
p>5ts4  ,^! happy ones--l ! old c\ple 9 
,b]n>d's f9e fresco 9 ! mairie ( !      
,l\vre arrondissem5t 9 ,p>is--w "o day  
look up to ! />s ( ! w9t] twilight1     
unit$ 9 a m intimate devotion ?an ei!r !
 playtime ( ! spr+ morn+ or ! midday    
toil c\ld af=d4  ,if ?is wond]ful love 7
 really ! fir/ & only "o :i* fell to !  
lot ( e "y man & woman1 & 7 x always    
possible = !m to realise x at ! "r      
"t--!n !re w\ld nei!r be a problem (    
morality nor ( divorce4  ,b ! y\? ( !   
pres5t day kn[s t ?is love is n ! =tune 
( all4 ,x has le>n$ s mu*1 f lit]ature1 
f life1 f its own s\l1 ( ! trans=mations
 ( love1 t "o is tempt$ to wi% = ^! "y p

 ! romantic belief ( _! fa!rs & mo!rs 9 
a love :i* became ext9ct z easily z n[4 
,! diff]5ce is m]ely ?is1 t :]eas =m]ly 
!y 7 cont5t ) a fad$ gl[1 we w h        
cont9ual fire4  ,x is kn[n n[ t1 al?\gh 
y\?ful love may be ! sure/ basis (      
m>riage1 x is m (t5 ! rev]se4 ,"h1 if   
any:]e1 is ! sc5e ( accid5ts4 ,! "o we h
 gr[n up )1 ! girl or y\? we are ?r[n ) 
j :5 ! erotic life is wak+2 ! "o we 7   
teas$ ab\t2 ! "o we he> is 89 love0 ) u2
 ! "o we meet :5 ! happ9ess ( o!rs fills
 ! air ) long+--^! & o!r accid5ts1 b n  
p]sonal *oice1 (t5 decide y\?ful love4  
,!n ! imag9ation sets to "w to trans=m !
 reality 9 accordance ) ! ideal we h =m$
 = ourselves--& ev5 ?is is (t5 ! result 
( accid5tal influ5ce4 ,x is !re=e n     
surpris+ t mo/ p1 :5 aft] t5 ye>s or s  
!y meet aga9 ! object ( _! fir/ love1   
give a sigh ( gratitude to ! fate :i*   
made t love 8unhappy40  ,:5 x has n be5 
s 9 ! usual s5se ( ! ^w1 "o ( ! p>ties  
may (t5 be mo/ to be piti$1 & x is j ^? 
"y p :o unhesitat+ly realise _! love 9 !

 belief ( its lifelong cont9uance1 t 9  
co]cive m>riage are made ! victims ( _! 
own pure w1 _! heal?y c\rage1 _! bright 
idealism4  ,= ! y\ng]1 9 ! ri*e/ s5se ( 
! ^w1 a p]son is1 ! m c]ta9ly does he   
possess ! poet's gift :i* trans=ms      
reality accord+ to 8 dreams4 ,! f9e     
curve ( a pair ( lips r5ews ! m>vel ( ! 
leg5d3 t e frog t jumps ov] !m is *ang$ 
into a rose4 ,ev5 if a dim suspicion    
awakes1 :5 e s]i\s ?\ght or intimate    
feel+ is met by empty sil5ce or equally 
empty loquacity1 ! imag9ation easily    
conv9ces ! in/9ct t sil5ce means        
8pr(undity ( intellig5ce10 or spee*     
8c&\r40 ,at e age1 b especially at ?is1 
love is a great sup]/ition4 ,secure z   
sleep-walk]s 9 ! pres5ce ( dang]1 its   
vot>ies fl+ !mselves into a decision4 ,&
 x is ?is simple ra%ness ( innoc5ce t ! 
curr5t conception ( morality subjects to
 a lifelong puni%m5t4 ,! cauti\s ones1  
on ! o!r h&1 (t5 f9d 9 "t ! great       
rew>ds--?anks to _! own small] value4   
,m ?+s happ5 9 a human life ?an m>riage 

& f9ally dea?4 ,mu* may happ5 9 a human 
s\l betwe5 m>riage & dea?4 ,! curr5t    
assumption t ev]y?+ :i* sep>ates a p]son
 f ! p>tn] 9 matrimony is evil & ought  
to be ov]come2 ev]y?+ :i* b9ds him to h]
 good & ought to be enc\rag$--?is is "p 
( ! wisdom :i* r$uces life to ! simple/ 
t]ms1 :i* is *eap & !re=e mo/ 9 use2 = a
 high] wisdom dem&s a high] price4      
,no?+ is common]1 especially = ! woman  
^: fir/ exp]i5ce ( love is 9 m>riage1   
?an t %e is 9 love ) love & n h] husb&4 
,sometimes woman is betray$ by h] s5ses1
 b m (t5 by ! morn+ dew ( s5sibility1   
:i* y\? & love spread ov] ev5 ! drie/ ( 
m5's s\ls1--a dew :i* disappe>s ) !     
morn+4 ,ano!r illusion1 :i* 9 ^! days ( 
int]communication causes _m mi/akes 9   
love1 is ! peculi>ity ( a =eign         
nationality1 :i* has ! effect ( a       
p]sonal orig9ality--until x gradually   
betrays itself z only ano!r k9d (       
con=mity ?an t "o is us$ to4  ,9 o!r    
cases aga91 ! husb& is all %e sees 9    
him4 ,b a "y woman h]self (t5 goes      

?r\gh1 dur+ ! ye>s f tw5ty to           
tw5ty-five1 s complete a trans=mation ( 
feel+s & ways ( ?\ght1 t aft] a few ye>s
 ( m>riage %e f9ds h]self 9 ! pres5ce ( 
a man :o is a p]fect /rang] to h]4  ,?is
 p]iod ( illusions 9 fir/ y\? is answ]$ 
by ano!r t[>ds ! close ( y\?4 ,if a     
woman has n be=e exp]i5c$ love1 ?is is !
 psy*ological mom5t at :i* almo/ e      
illusion is possible4 ,h] n[ univ]sal   
dem&s ( love1 ! long+ ( h] mature       
woman's nature1 h c\ntless times made a 
noble creature ca/ ^! pe>ls--if n       
exactly z describ$ 9 ! biblical         
image--at lea/ into an empty space :]e  
!y h j z surely be5 unappreciat$4  ,on  
man's side1 !re are o!r or correspond+  
possibilities t e>ly m>riage may be     
f\nd$ on self-deception4  ,b ev5 :5 love
 is real & well-f\nd$1 !re yet arise1 f 
! *>m ( contradictions already ref]r$   
to1 innum]able occasions ( incurable    
discord4  ,?us !re are natures s simple 
t !y become crippl$1 s uncomplex t !y   
are fooli%1 s homog5e\s z to be heavy4  

,^! are !y :o usually love once = all1 )
 complete devotion4 ,b1 especially :5 !y
 are wom51 ,goe!'s words are (t5 true ( 
!m3 t a woman's greate/ mis=tune is n to
 be *>m+ :5 %e loves4 ,only complete    
security gives ^! natures ! calm (      
equilibrium1 ! c\rage ( self-confid5ce1 
:i* calls =? ! 8smile ( inw>d happ9ess0 
:]eby !y also become attractive4 ,b ^!  
natures1 :o ( all mo/ des]ve happ9ess1  
usually meet ) "s p]son ( con/antly     
*ang+ moods1 :o reacts ) extreme        
s5sitiv5ess to e impression1 b c nev]   
love deeply1 & !re=e is soon unable to  
be> t simplicity & s]i\sness 9 life &   
dea? :i* at fir/ *>m$ by _! contra/4    
,su* p are (t5 poets or arti/s1 :o 9    
love seek only con/ant /imulation4 ,to  
!m lov+ means 8wak+ 9 ! morn+ ) new     
words on "o's lips10 & _! erotic =tunes 
!re=e %[ a rapidity ( revolution        
comp>able ) t ( ! moons ar\nd ,m>s4 ,j z
 = c]ta9 natures1 a connection orig9ally
 frivol\s may become p]man5t1 held      
toge!r by dep? ( feel+1 s = ?is class ( 

natures--on acc\nt ( ! sup]ficiality (  
_! feel+s--no k9d ( connection is s]i\s4
  ,x is n unfrequ5tly ^? :o give ! f9e/ 
descriptions ( _! s\lful moods & _!     
exquisite feel+s1 :o 9 _! acts ( love   
are n>r[ly selfi% or rel5tlessly h>%4 ,=
 x is ! impressions ( culture /or$ 9 _! 
intellig5ce :i* det]m9e _! consci\s     
utt]ances1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 x is _!      
subconsci\s ego t decides _! actions4 ,&
 ?is ego is (t5 c5turies beh9d _!       
cultur$ consci\sness4 ,he1 on ! o!r h&1 
:o is retic5t & curt ( spee* or dull &  
awkw>d 9 mann]s may at bottom possess a 
delicacy :i* he c %[ only 9 actions1 !  
o!rs only 9 words4 ,b un=tunately 9 our 
"t opportunities = spee* are _m & =     
action few--& s wom5 pass ov] ! latt] = 
! =m]4 ,h[ _m a woman has n             
aft]w>ds--be=e "s act ( ! man (         
words--ask$ h]self h[ x 0 possible = h] 
ev] to love t man6 ,h[ _m a "o1 be=e !  
actions ( ! sil5t1 has n sigh$1 ,:at a  
pity t ,i 0 nev] able to love him6  ,b 9
 "o case z 9 ! o!r1 ?r\gh ! law (       

contra/s1 %e 0 unit$ to him & feels 9   
?is union ! dea? or p>alysis ( ! be/    
possibilities ( h] be+4  ,! mo/ mislead+
 ( illusions are1 h[ev]1 ^? :i* are     
fo/]$ by ! actions love produces2 = x is
 n ^! :i* det]m9e ! quality ( a         
p]sonality4 ,:ile love is fight+ = its  
happ9ess x may trans=m an ord9>y p]son  
into some?+ high] ?an himself1 z also   
into some?+ l[]4 ,:5 ! t5sion is        
reliev$1 x is se5 t 9 ! =m]             
case--especially z reg>ds m5--love 0    
able to    444 unmake him f a common man
   ,b n complete him to an uncommon     
"o4444  ,x 0 no organic gr[? ( !        
p]sonality1 b only a /ra9+ ( self t love
 call$ =?4  ,b %e :o lov$ him w wat*    
till h] eyes are we>y = :at %e has se5 b
 once6  ,^? :o h lov$ !m deeply le>n f  
^!1 9 "o way or ano!r1 inadequate p]sons
 ! mo/ de>ly-b\ght tru? 9 ! k ( human   
nature1 a tru? t ! he>t ackn[l$ges la/ (
 all3 t ev5 if we p\r$ out our own blood
 9 /reams = any "o--we c\ld n !reby give
 him a drop ( ri*] or m noble blood ?an 

is f\nd 9 8 own he>t4  ,_m h le>n$ ?is  
secret 9 t k9d ( m>riage1 :]e secure    
fri5d%ip & fai?ful comrade%ip ab\nd$2 j 
^? feel+s1 9 fact1 :i* are recomm5d$ z !
 infallible rem$y = love's mi/akes4  ,h[
 (t5 has n "o ( ^! m>ri$ p active = & ) 
! o!r1 f\nd out t !y nev] br+ _! mate   
into spiritual activity1 t ! s\l ( "o   
has nev] rea*$ ! s\l ( ! o!r8 ,outside  
obs]v]s ?9k !m suit$ l 8h& 9 glove40 ,! 
image is significant1 = a glove is empty
 & mean+less :5 x does n enclose a h&4  
,b l h& to h& !y are n suit$6 ,!re=e x n
 unfrequ5tly occurs t "s day "o ( !m is 
seiz$ by a passionate long+ to meet )   
ano!r h&1 :i* %all be /rongly & quietly 
grasp$ 9 8 own & ?us d\ble its p[]2 t ! 
voice1 :i* has cont9ually spok5 into    
empty space--:5ce a fai?ful e*o has     
unfail+ly answ]$--w f9ally be dumb f !  
long+ to receive an answ] f ano!r voice1
 9 words t 7 nev] he>d be=e4  ,n a few  
m>riages include m5 :o h _h su* f9e     
?\ghts1 dream$ su* fair dreams ( woman1 
t !y h desir$ to w9 h] s5ses only ?r\gh 

h] s\l & h disda9$ to (f] h] o!r ?an _! 
be/1 ! ri*e/ treasures ( _! p]sonality4 
,b p]haps su* a man has a wife :o       
und]/&s only money-mak+ & desires only !
 pleasures ( love4 ,if he (f]s all !    
glories ( 8 s\l1 %e does n ev5 suspect  
:5 a mood is at its height2 = h] sil5ce 
is nev] eloqu5t2 %e is incapable ( wait+
 = ano!r's ?\ght2 has no pati5ce ) :at  
is difficult ( compreh5sion1 & w always 
receive ! unusual ) dull misund]/&+ or  
gay sup]iority4  ,! gulf p]haps began to
 op5 betwe5 !m :5 "o became aw>e ( !    
o!r's abs5ce at a mom5t :5 he himself 0 
mo/ pres5t2 or :5 "o felt t _! bodies   
/ood betwe5 _! s\ls1 ! o!r t _! s\ls    
/ood betwe5 _! bodies2 or :5 "o felt a  
re/riction ( lib]ty f ! o!r's sup]ior   
spiritual or s5sual =ce2 or :5 "o f\nd t
 he c\ld nev] %[ 8 inn]mo/ be+ )\t its  
putt+ ! o!r out ( hum\r4 ,?us two       
p]sons1 ea* "o innoc5t1 may make ea* o!r
 pr(\ndly solit>y :ile %>+ ! same b$ &  
bo>d4 ,nei!r receives f ! o!r :at 8     
inn]mo/ nature ne$s--& :at "o gives is  

only a con/ra9t ^u ! o!r's nature4 ,n a 
note 9 ! s\l ( "o is tun$ to ! same pit*
 z ! o!r's2 n a movem5t 9 ! blood ( "o  
is capable ( enraptur+ ! o!r's4 ,n[ x is
 unbe>able dissimil>ities1 n[ unbe>able 
simil>ities1 t cause ! tr\ble2 ea* f9ds 
9 ! o!r 8all ! virtues he dete/s b none 
( ! faults he loves40 ,) all ?is1 p]fect
 outw>d peace may prevail2 nay1 respect 
& devotion 9 a c]ta9 s5se4 ,t ?is is !  
=tune ( innum]able m>riages is ov]look$ 
9 g5]al1 s9ce m>ri$ life usually        
cont9ues--unless a ?ird appe>s4  ,9 !   
ideas ( ! ,*ur*1 ! incapacity = m>riage 
( "o p>ty fre$ ! o!r f ! duty (         
fidelity4 ,9 ! m spiritual view ( !     
future x w be equally evid5t t ! same "r
 exi/s to dissolve a m>riage :i* has    
rema9$ unconsummat$ 9 a spiritual s5se2 
& !re may be j z _m possibilities (     
incapacity to fulfil ! spiritual claims 
( m>riage z !re are m5 & wom52 !re=e    
also j z _m causes ( divorce4   ,9 !    
prec$+ pages only c]ta9 typical cases ( 
unhapp9ess h be5 ref]r$ to4 ,! _m tragic

 exceptions are "h left altoge!r on "o  
side4 ,s also are ^? causes ( divorce   
:i* ! prea*]s ( monogamy call ! 8real   
mis=tunes03 drunk5ness1 bodily cruelty1 
& ! l2 = ) ! cu/om>y realism (          
8idealism10 !y admit ^! z valid reasons 
= divorce4 ,x is significant t among !  
l[] classes p /ill (t5 ?9k !mselves b\nd
 to be> ^! mis=tunes z a "p ( !         
miscalculations ( m>riage z unavoidable 
z ^? m complex suff]+s :i* ! *ampions ( 
monogamy exhort p on a high] plane to   
endure4 ,! pangs a s\l suff]s may1 !y   
?9k1 be borne ) ,god's help1 :]eas      
un=tunately ,god is n 9 ! habit (       
int]f]+ :5 a man beats 8 wife2 & ! long]
 a s\l has suff]$1 ! m c]ta9 are !y t x 
c cont9ue to suff]4  ,nor d !y p]ceive t
 a relation%ip may h seem$ good--p]haps 
ev5 h be5 good1--until1 aft] a lapse (  
ye>s1 a mom5t has arriv$ :i* has /ripp$ 
! s\l ( "o ( !m nak$1 sometimes 9 all   
its l(t9ess1 m (t5 9 all its bas5ess4   
,if ! latt]1 !n :at 0 possible be=e     
becomes f t h\r un?9kable4  ,t ! s\l may

 be confront$ by su* an alt]native1 (   
life or dea?1 !y w n admit4 ,! s\l1 !y  
say1 is 8a _s10 an 8invisible &         
imp]i%able entity40 ,t its conditions ( 
life are j z v>iable & complex z ^? ( ! 
organism is1 to a c]ta9 sort (          
8idealism10 mean+less4 ,) ,god's help1  
!y say1 ev]yone may save 8 s\l4 ,b su*  
help is 9 ?is k9d ( p]il z unc]ta9 z x  
is 9 p]il ( ! sea--& ev5 9 ! latt] case 
x is n 8! votive tablets ( ! dr[n$1 b   
only ^? ( ! sav$1 t "o sees 9 ! temple0 
7,nietzs*e74   ,x is1 h[ev]1 especially 
:5 a man or woman is divorc$ 9 ord] to  
contract a fre% m>riage t an outcry is  
rais$ ov] ! weakness ( ! age 9 be>+     
suff]+4 ,inde$1 x is n ev5 ackn[l$g$ t  
m>riage may involve any suff]+4 ,ev5 ^? 
:o h hi!rto f\nd a m>ri$ c\ple extremely
 ill-suit$1 =get at once t !y did       
s--%\ld ei!r ( !m 8all[ a ?ird p]son to 
come betwe5 !m40  ,!y =get n only _! own
 =m] judgm5t b also ! fact taught by    
exp]i5ce1 t :5 two m>ri$ p are :olly "o1
 !re is no room = a ?ird betwe5 ! b>k & 

! tree4 ,9 ! contr>y case1 a ?ird comes 
betwe5 !m soon] or lat]4 ,sometimes x is
 ! *ild1 sometimes a life's "w1         
sometimes a new feel+--b some?+ always  
comes1 ?anks to nature's 8abhorr5ce ( a 
vacuum10 :i* is nev] m fatal ?an 9      
m>riage4 ,)9 ! dim5sions ( ! s\l1 z )9  
^? ( space1 no "o c take ! place (      
ano!r1 b c occupy only t space :i* ano!r
 has left empty or n be5 able to reta94 
,9 ! latt] case x is fair to admit !    
indirect %>e ( lit]ature 9 !            
inconsid]at5ess ( ^? )\t an erotic      
consci5ce4 ,! idea ( ju/ice 9 love has  
_h to be ext5d$4 ,b dur+ ?is removal ( !
 b\nd>ies1 :i* lit]ature is c>ry+ out1 a
 g5]al insecurity has set 94  ,poetry   
p]=ms ) ! fulle/ fre$om its duty (      
inve/igat+ ! secrets ( love1 accord+ to 
:i* s\ls & s5ses are attract$ & repell$ 
9 answ] to t law ( elective aff9ity :i* 
our "t is seek+ m & m eag]ly to discov]1
 9 ord] to be able to direct ! erotic   
=ces to a high] developm5t4 ,lit]ature  
is ! =emo/ ( ^! discov]]s2 & ?is 9      

itself is en\gh to ju/ify t complete    
fre$om1 )\t :i*1 moreov]1 x _c become   
:at ,georg ,br&es has call$ love-poetry3
 ! f9e/ in/rum5t = gaug+ ! /r5g? & w>m? 
( ! emotional life ( a p]iod4  ,t       
lit]ature is (t5 ! p[] :i* gives rise to
 erotic agitation1 is self-evid5t4 ,&   
?us x always co-op]ates 9 "s measure 9 !
 mis=tunes :i* are caus$ by loves ( !   
imag9ation or ! intellect1 mis=tunes :i*
 are avoid$ by ! firm & mature          
p]sonality4 ,! weak1 on ! o!r h&1 are ^?
 :o 9 _! loves z 9 _! beliefs adopt !   
c\rse t ano!r's influ5ce gives !m4  ,l  
lawn-t5nis--:i* 9 c]ta9 circles makes or
 m>s m>riages--love is fav\r$ by summ]  
air & idl5ess4 ,b at all seasons !re are
 m5 & wom5 = :om ev]yone is a ball t    
sets _! fancy or _! vanity 9 motion4 ,no
 =m ( self-ass]tion is m ju/ifi$ ?an t (
 oppos+ "o's vigilance1 "o's w1 & "o's  
dignity to ?is use ( "o's p]sonality4   
,:at /imulates ! game is n ! p[] ( !    
s5ses alone4 ,no1 ?is game is ! sole    
inv5tive faculty ( spiritual pov]ty1 !  

m>k ( erotic ill-bre$+4 ,only a ref9$   
p]son c rejoice at ! /imulants to life 9
 e field1 ! means ( :i* he does n       
himself possess4 ,z yet few p h atta9$ a
 culture l t ( ! ,a!nian begg>1 :o ?ank$
 ,alcibiades = giv+ him ! jewels t      
,alcibiades inde$ wore--b t ! begg> 0   
free to rejoice at4 ,to atta9 9 reg>d to
 human be+s ?is s5se ( joy1 free f all  
covet\sness1 is ! fl[] ( f9e bre$+4  ,b 
! n]vosity ( ! pres5t day /imulates1 on 
! contr>y1 erotic kleptomania4 ,p /eal  
"o ano!r1 n[ f ! same k9d ( hy/]ia :i*  
makes ?ieves ( ,p>isian ladies 9 !      
fa%ionable /ores2 n[ f ! same crudity   
:i* makes ! *ild pluck e fl[] he sees2  
n[ f ! same desire :i* urges ! collector
 con/antly to acquire new specim5s4  ,:5
 9 reg>d to human be+s ! pleasure ( !   
connoisseur r ?an t ( ! collector has   
be5 atta9$1 !n ! greate/ ( all joys--t (
 human be+s 9 "o ano!r--w n be s (t5    
di/urb$ by erotic complications4 ,to    
appeal to ! lib]ty ( ! p]sonality 9     
frivol\s concessions to eroticism is !  

same gross abuse ( ! idea z to use ! "n 
( ?is lib]ty 9 sail+ a leaky ya*t 9 a   
/orm4  ,! lib]ty ( ! p]sonality involves
 great risks to w9 great rew>ds2 b x    
does n involve all[+ "o's self to be    
driv5 into dang]s1 :]e = a trifle "o    
/akes "o's own life & t ( o!rs4 ,to     
drift into relations :]e "o has n !     
hundr$? "p ( ! cons5t ( "o's inn]mo/    
ego1 is n prov+ b wa/+ "o's p]sonality2 
= e action :i* is less ?an ourselves1   
degrades our p]sonality4  ,aga91 x may  
be disa/r\s to p]=m acts great] & /rong]
 ?an ourselves4 ,he :o v5tures ^u an    
exceptional c\rse mu/--l ! alp9e        
climb]--possess an abundance ( /r5g? & !
 s5se ( security :i* x l5ds2 = o!rwise1 
9 bo? cases1 ! ent]prise w be successful
 only if ev]y?+ occurs accord+ to ! mo/ 
fav\rable calculation4 ,9 an un=ese5    
misadv5ture ! inadequate ones are ^? :o 
are lo/4 ,!re=e1 9 "o case z 9 ! o!r1   
public op9ion is unwitt+ly "r :5 x      
glorifies ! d>+ t succe$s1 b condemns t 
:i* fails4  ,mo/ p are n equal to !     

consequ5ces ( _! resolutions4 ,on !     
contr>y1 l unseat$ rid]s !y are dragg$  
by _! actions ?r\gh degrad$ circum/ances
 t !y _h n c\nt$ ^u4 ,?us _m a pair (   
lov]s :o h brok5 e>li] ties1 h be5 only 
a w>n+ example--s9ce _! action 0        
de/ructive1 n enhanc+ to life4  ,ru9 may
 be ! climax ( life2 b ineffici5cy is   
always defeat2 & ( all ! ra%ness ( ?is  
life1 ! ra% project ( an exceptional lot
 is ! sadde/4  ,few p :o h pass$ _! y\? 
h c\rage or /r5g? = su* new exp]i5ces z 
imply a real enhancem5t ( life4 ,!      
majority ought r to employ _! p]sonality
 9 ! task ( wor?ily be>+ & mak+ ! be/ ( 
_! lot--&1 9 spite ( all t is ass]t$ to 
! contr>y1 t is also :at mo/ p d & w    
cont9ue to d4  ,^? :o tru/ only 9       
compulsion to re/ra9 a man's desire to  
des]t 8 wife1 =get to :at a degree      
spiritual influ5ces h ev5 n[ facilitat$ 
divorce1 9 spite ( ! co]cive law4 ,"o   
seldom f9ds 9 our day a high-m9d$ husb& 
or wife :o insi/s on reta9+ ! o!r aga9/ 
8 or h] w1 except :5 x is cle> to "o    

p>tn] t divorce1 if conc$$1 w\ld result 
9 ! c]ta9 ru9 ( ! o!r4 ,z a rule x is n[
 only ! n>r[-m9d$ or ! l[-m9d$ :o       
ex]cise ! "r ( refus+ divorce4 ,if ?is  
"r 7 aboli%$1 ?is w\ld n entail !       
abolition ( ! influ5ces :i* ev5 n[ keep 
m>ri$ p toge!r--al?\gh 9 mo/ cases !y   
might be free if !y wi%$ x4  ,^? :o     
?\ghtlessly sep>at$1 :5 great]          
facilities are giv51 w\ld be ! same     
class ( p :o n[1 9 co]cive m>riage1     
secretly deceive "o ano!r4  ,to ! s]i\s1
 divorce w always be s]i\s4 ,be=e a     
p]son ( feel+ & ?\ght consci\sly hurts  
ano!r :o has lov$ or loves him1 he      
himself has suff]$ t]rible pa94         
,gratitude = a great devotion 9 a free  
connection has (t5 prov$ m p[]fully b9d+
 ?an ! law c\ld h be54 ,nay1 to anyone  
t5d] ( consci5ce ! ties =m$ by a free   
connection are /rong] ?an ! legal ones1 
s9ce 9 ! =m] case he has made a *oice m 
decisive to 8 own & ! o!r's p]sonality  
?an if he _h foll[$ law & cu/om4  ,& ev5
 :5 no feel+s ( affection ex]cise _!    

ret5tive p[]1 _m p pref] to rema9 z     
wreckage on ! same %ore1 r ?an be wa%$  
away t[>ds a new & unc]ta9 fate4  ,human
 nature is cr$it$ ) f> too great        
simplicity & ela/icity :5 x is tak5 =   
grant$ t "o exp]im5t 9 life w\ld succe$ 
ano!r if divorce 7 free4 ,9 ?is case x  
is life itself1 n ! law1 :i* fixes !    
insurm\ntable limits4 ,to ! deep]       
natures :i* h brok5 away f a            
life-connection1 ! pa9 ( x has (t5 be5 s
 great z p]man5tly to dead5 ! col\rs (  
life4   ,9 connection ) ! mod]n dem& =  
exemption f mo!rhood we h already       
reject$ ! exp$i5t ( secur+ love's fre$om
 ?r\gh ! re>+ ( *ildr5 by ! ,/ate4 ,at !
 same "t ! importance & value ( ! p>5tal
 home 0 insi/$ ^u z /rongly z possible4 
,"h1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! place to po9t out
 ! "o-sid$ness ( ! notion t no?+ is m   
important ?an t ! p>5ts %\ld rema9      
toge!r = ! sake ( ! *ildr5--s9ce ev]y?+ 
mu/ f9ally dep5d ^u h[ ! p>5ts rema9    
toge!r & :at !y become ?r\gh rema9+     
toge!r4  ,! m degrad+ cohabitation is to

 ! p]sonality ( ea* p>5t ! less valuable
 w be ! influ5ce = ! *ildr5 ( ! p>5tal  
relation4  ,only "o :o sees 9 m>riage a 
sy/em directly orda9$ by ,god1 a =m (   
realisation ( ! div9e reason1 c ma9ta9 !
 proposition t 9 su* a sy/em ! good mu/ 
outweigh human defects4 ,^? :o hold t ! 
ma9t5ance ( m>riage is always ! s\nd &  
moral c\rse1 mu/ take ^u !mselves !     
burd5 ( prov+ t ! dull connubial habits 
( divid$ mates are a pure s\rce = !     
orig9 ( new be+s2 t _! mutually         
conflict+ influ5ces are bett] able to   
fur!r ! welf>e ( ! *ildr5 ?an a tranquil
 br++-up by "o ( !m3 t ! happ9ess ( "o (
 !m 9 a new union is m dang]\s to !     
*ildr5 ?an 8 unhapp9ess 9 ! =m] "o4  ,to
 ^?1 on ! o!r h&1 :o hold ! fai? (      
,life1 ! "q ( ! *ildr5 is always a fre% 
"o 9 e fre% divorce4 ,"h aga9 we mu/    
rise to ! conditional judgm5t1 & leave  
beh9d ! *ess-bo>d morality ) its equal  
squ>es ( "r & wrong4 ,! dang] to !      
*ildr5 aris+ f a divorce dep5ds on all t
 has gone be=e & all t comes aft]4 ,he  

:o dissolves 8 m>riage 9 ! face ( 8 inn]
 consci\sness ( ! h>m t ! *ildr5 w !reby
 suff]1 commits a s9 :i* w infallibly be
 succe$$ by ! remorse t fri5ds are      
sometimes eag] to adduce z ext5uat+     
circum/ances4 ,he1 on ! o!r h&1 :o 8s9s0
 ) an easy consci5ce1 has made 8 *oice )
 ! welf>e ( ! *ildr5 9 "o scale ( !     
balance4 ,?is calm ( consci5ce is !n n  
indiff]5ce1 &1 !re=e1 does n prev5t !   
possibility ( 8 suff]+ deeply ?r\gh !   
consequ5ces ( ! decision :i* he         
nev]!less does n regret4 ,x may be t 9  
mo/ cases :]e !re are *ildr51 ! less    
pa9ful c\rse1 ev5 = him :o is mo/       
conv9c$ ( 8 p]sonal "r1 is to endeav\r  
to ! utmo/ to pres]ve a common life :i* 
all[s ! *ildr5 to gr[ up "u ! jo9t      
protection ( a fa!r & "m1 & = ! sake ( !
 *ildr5 to give ?is life a wor?y & k9dly
 "*4  ,9 =m] times1 p m5d$ & pat*$ ?+s  
up endlessly4 ,! psy*ologically develop$
 g5]ation ( ! pres5t day is m dispos$ to
 all[ :at is brok5 to rema9 brok54 ,=1  
except 9 ! cases :]e ! cause ( rupture  

has be5 outw>d misund]/&+ or belat$     
developm5t1 pat*$-up m>riages--l        
pat*$-up engagem5ts--seldom prove la/+4 
,x has (t5 be5 pr(\nd in/9cts t caus$ ! 
rupture2 ! reconciliation violat$ ^!    
in/9cts & soon] or lat] su* violation   
rev5ges itself4  ,?us1 x happ5s1 t ev5  
exceptional natures h a great] burd5 ?an
 !y c be>1 & !n x is n ! liv+ toge!r b !
 dy+ toge!r ( _! p>5ts t ! *ildr5       
witness4  ,nei!r religion nor ! law1    
nei!r society nor ! family1 c decide :at
 a m>riage kills 9 a human be+ or :at x 
may be ! means ( sav+ 9 him4 ,only he   
himself kn[s ! "o & feels ! o!r4 ,only  
he himself c det]m9e h[ f> x may be     
possible = him to h s f> f9i%$ ) 8 own  
exi/5ce t he c completely pass into t ( 
8 *ildr52 to be> ! pa9 ( a cont9u$ m>ri$
 life s t x may enhance ! p[]s ( himself
 & ! *ildr54 ,a "m c d ?is (t5] ?an a   
fa!r1 b 9 no case is !re any /&>d t o!rs
 c use to det]m9e :5 an excess ( suff]+ 
is pres5t4 ,m ?an ?is1 !re is /rictly no
 suff]+1 b only suff]+ be+s :o 9 e case 

create ! suff]+ anew accord+ to _! type 
( s\l4  ,only "o ?+ is c]ta93 t no "o is
 m outside ! "q ?an ! v "o :o causes !  
suff]+4 ,?us no?+ c be m unreasonable   
?an to leave to ! judgm5t ( "o ( !      
p>ties ! decision we h j m5tion$4 ,! k (
 be+ able to refuse a divorce n[        
involves want ( consid]ation = ! o!r's  
moods ( dejection1 :i* w\ld nev] occur  
if consid]ation 7 necess>y to prev5t    
sep>ation4 ,su* att5tions are especially
 significant at ! beg9n+ ( m>ri$ life1  
:5 mo/ "y m>ri$ p solve ! small & great 
problems ( accommodation ) m or less    
difficulty4 ,! bir? ( ! fir/ *ild1      
moreov]1 is (t5 accompani$ by abnormal  
/ates ( feel+1 :i* lead to ha/y         
conclusions z to incompatibility &      
antipa?y4 ,! oppon5ts ( free divorce ?9k
 t x is j dur+ ^! ye>s t precipitate    
divorces might take place4 ,b !y d n    
reflect t ei!r p>tn] 9 8 s5se (         
proprietor%ip n[ gives himself a loose  
re9 9 a way t w\ld be un?9kable if su*  
security did n exi/4 ,?us ! "y c]ta9ly  

keep toge!r1 b n unfrequ5tly de/roy _!  
f9e/ *ances ( happ9ess4 ,! ne$ ( mutual 
caution dur+ ^! diss5sions %\ld h a mu* 
deep] influ5ce 9 keep+ a c\ple toge!r   
?an has at pres5t ! k t !y _c be free4  
,aft] ! adv5t ( *ildr51 ! dang] is      
small--except 9 ! case ( he>tless       
natures--t a suff]] w too ha/ily ?9k 8  
p[]s ( endurance are exhau/$4 ,!        
int]-dep5d5ce :i* *ildr5 create betwe5  
_! p>5ts :5 ^! toge!r c>e = & love !m1  
is sometimes indissoluble4 ,9 mo/ cases 
x is s /rong z to =m ! real tie1 )\t :i*
 laws twice z /rict z ! pres5t ones w\ld
 h no p[] to keep toge!r two unwill+    
be+s4  ,:5 speak+ ( love's selection1 we
 po9t$ to ! signs :i* indicate t ! feel+
 = ! race--! feel+ :i* f "t immemorial  
has l9k$ toge!r man & woman at a common 
he>?1 has rais$ ! alt> ne> x & r\nd !m  
bo? ! t[n wall--is approa*+ its         
r5aissance4 ,consci\sness ( ! *ildr5's  
rights is indubitably on ! increase1    
toge!r ) a k ( ! rights ( love4 ,& aga9/
 ! assaults ( ?is mo/ turbul5t & dang]\s

 sea ! race-feel+ w cont9ue to /& z a   
wall protect+ society1 ?\gh 9 a new =m  
to give x new p[]s ( resi/ance4  ,b !   
oppon5ts ( divorce ?9k1 on ! contr>y1 t 
! s5se ( happ9ess ?r\gh !               
*ildr5--especially 9 ! case ( !         
fa!r--has n[ become s weak t mo/ fa!rs  
w\ld free !mselves f all responsibility 
if !y only c\ld4  ,if ?is be s1 society 
itself is to blame4 ,x n only c\nt5ances
 sexual relations entirely indep5d5t ( !
 mission ( ! race2 x frees ! man f      
responsibility = 8 illegitimate *ildr5 &
 ?us assigns to him a /&po9t bel[ t ( ! 
bea/s4 ,! in/9cts fav\rable to (fspr+1  
:i* 9 animals h rema9$ undi/urb$1 _c    
atta9 _! full /r5g? until man is        
completely answ]able = e life he        
creates4 ,z soon z society decrees t !  
fact ( two p]sons becom+ p>5ts makes _! 
union obligatory1 ! relation%ip itself w
 gradually int5sify _! feel+ & ! man w  
wi% to possess & pres]ve ! elem5ts ( joy
 = :i* he mu/ always be> ! burd5s4 ,ev5 
if man's fa!rly feel+s %\ld be sl[ 9    

awak+--& if a numb] ( fa!rs ( ! pres5t  
day %\ld ?us really avail !mselves (    
free divorce to leave wife & *ild--!re  
are /ill ! mo!rs1 :o d n1 z a rule1     
lightly leave _! *ildr51 b :o1 on !     
contr>y1 n[ suff] ! deepe/ mis=tunes &  
r5\nce ! greate/ happ9ess s z to rema9 )
 !m1 & :o--ev5 if !y te> !mselves f     
!m--are h>dly ev] able to release       
!mselves4 ,:5 ! law gives to e "m !     
rights :i* n[ only ! unm>ri$ "m         
possesses1 b imposes at ! same "t on e  
fa!r ! obligations :i* n[ only ! m>ri$  
h--!n x may be t ! *ild w become a new &
 m valuable possession 9 ! eyes ( ! man4
 ,if he only feels ! influ5ce he may    
obta9 ?r\gh 8 wife's respect = 8 fa!rly 
qualities2 if 8 importance 9 ! *ild's   
exi/5ce comes to dep5d on p]sonal =ce1 n
 on legal might1 !n ! quality ( fa!rhood
 may be 9 a high degree ennobl$4 ,& )   
?is affection w gr[1 accord+ to !       
immutable law1 t ! m man gives1 ! m he  
loves4  ,if matri>*y1 9 a new =m1 ref9$ 
by ! :ole ( developm5t1 %\ld become !   

f9al phase--z 9 ! op9ion ( _m x has be5 
! />t+-po9t--( ! family1 !n ?is w\ld    
involve t pat]nal au?ority became       
conditional1 dep5d+ on ! value & w>m? ( 
! pat]nal feel+4 ,at pres5t _m fa!rs are
 m]ely an accid5t 9 _! *ildr5's life1 an
 accid5t :i* nev] ev5 looks 8l an idea40
 ,& ?is is n only true ( ^? fa!rs :o1 ) 
! support ( ! law1 )draw !mselves f all 
responsibility1 b also ( _m o!rs1       
especially ( ^? :o are driv5 by "w or   
public bus9ess & :o rema9 inw>dly       
/rang]s to _! *ildr54  ,= ! pres5t1 x   
may be reg>d$ z c]ta9 t free divorce    
w\ld1 above all1 af=d ?is advantage1 t a
 numb] ( wives1 :o n[ keep brok5-d[n    
husb&s1 c\ld "w = food = _! *ildr5      
in/ead ( = liquor = ! *ildr5's fa!r2 & t
 a numb] ( mo!rs1 :o n[ are oblig$ = !  
sake ( _! *ildr5 to suff] ! deepe/      
humiliation1 w\ld be able to free       
!mselves2 & 9 bo? cases ! *ildr5 w\ld   
ga94 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fa!r :o took       
advantage ( free divorce to des]t 8     
family = frivol\s reasons might1 z a    

rule1 be easily sp>$ by t family4  ,9   
mo/ cases1 ! *ildr5 are ev5 bett] (f    
?r\gh a divorce1 :5 ! cause ( x is      
diff]5ces ( temp]am5t & op9ion betwe5 ! 
p>5ts4 ,ea* ( !m sep>ately may be a     
p]son ( m]it4 ,:5 !y sep>ate on ! gr\nd 
( diss5sion1 bo? h a s5se ( some?+ to   
atone = ) ! *ildr54 ,?is prompts !m to  
try to make am5ds1 & ?us ! *ildr5       
receive--f ea* sep>ately--f> m ?an !y   
did :5 ! p>5ts 7 unit$1 :5 ! *ildr5 7   
witnesses to _! conflicts & saw ! worse 
side ( ! nature ( ea*4 ,! *ildr5 are    
sp>$ ! pa9 ( be+ ! subject ( _! fa!r's &
 "m's qu>rels2 ( be+ compell$ to take ! 
"p ( "o ( !m2 ( be+ torn betwe5 two     
div]se wills1 betwe5 ! jeal\s endeav\rs 
( ea* to w9 !m exclusively4 ,!y1 9 "p1  
avoid be+ br\ght up f two diff]5t1      
mutually-c\nt]act+ po9ts ( view1 :]e "o 
is try+ to take away f ! *ildr5 ! ideas 
t ! o!r has giv5 !m4  ,b ( all ?is !    
oppon5ts ( divorce take no acc\nt4 ,!   
ma9 ?+ is t ! p>5ts %all keep toge!r1   
h[ev] *ill or d>k ) ?und] may be ! air 9

 :i* ! *ildr5 gr[ up4  ,?is po9t ( view 
misses ! reality z mu* z t ( ^? :o call 
= divorce z soon z love is ov]4 ,keep+  
toge!r may1 9 c]ta9 cases1 give ! *ildr5
 a happi] & ri*] *ildhood ?an ! /ate (  
?+s aft] a divorce4 ,x has be5 ma9ta9$ )
 reason t discord betwe5 ! p>5ts is     
sometimes comp5sat$ = by ! value ( !    
manly nature ( ! "o & ! womanly nature (
 ! o!r1 :i*--ev5 if !y d n              
co-op]ate--/ill "w well side by side2 & 
t *ildr5 :o1 ?r\gh diss5sions at home1 h
 e>ly be5 =c$ to ?9k & *oose = !mselves1
 (t5 become /rong] *>act]s ?an ^? :o h  
gr[n up 9 happy homes4  ,:ile1 on ! "o  
h&1 we he> *ildr5 ^: p>5ts h sep>at$    
compla9 t !y did n h ! pati5ce to rema9 
toge!r1 on ! o!r we he> ^? :o h gr[n up 
9 unhappy homes regret ! cont9uance ( _!
 p>5ts' m>ri$ life4 ,if ?is _h be5      
dissolv$1 ! *ildr5 might h _h at lea/ "o
 good home1 p]haps two1 :]eas n[ !y h   
none4  ,b1 ( c\rse1 ea* "o c "k only :at
 he has suff]$ f a s]ies ( ev5ts1 n :at 
he might h suff]$ if circum/ances _h be5

 diff]5t2 & ?us ! *ildr5's op9ion _c 9  
ei!r case be reg>d$ z decisive1 :5 lay+ 
d[n ! pr9ciple4  ,! exp]i5ce1 !re=e1 :i*
 we h1 ( ! position ( *ildr5 :om dea?   
has depriv$ ( _! fa!r is m important4   
,:ile ! wid[]1 z a rule1 m>ries aga91 if
 8 *ildr5 are small1 ! wid[1 9 mo/      
cases1 rema9s unm>ri$4 ,& x may be      
reg>d$ z c]ta9 t /ati/ics ( able m5 w\ld
 give a rem>kable result 9 respect ( !  
sons ( wid[s4  ,a divorce (t5 puts !    
*ild 9 a correspond+ position ( t5d]ness
 & responsibility t[>ds 8 "m4 ,b :ile   
society b[s to ! 8/]n necessity0 ( a    
s+le battle mak+ m *ildr5 fa!rless ?an !
 divorces ( a g5]ation--& calmly relies 
on ! mo!rs' ability by !mselves to make 
good citiz5s ( _! sons--x %r9ks f ! same
 /]n necessity :5 x is a "q ( sav+ a    
liv+ p]son f lifelong unhapp9ess4  ,!   
*ildr5's *ief dang] 9 a divorce is t !y 
are (t5 divid$ betwe5 fa!r & "m & ?us   
lose 9 "p ! companion%ip ( bro!rs &     
si/]s :i* is s em95tly productive (     
happ9ess4 ,next to ?is1 ! greate/       

mis=tune is n t ! fa!r & "m no long]    
live "u ! same ro(1 b t !y are no long] 
able to meet4 ,?is mis=tune c\ld (t5 be 
avoid$1 if fri5ds & relations w\ld      
refra9 f ! pleasure ( decid+ h[ !       
divorc$ c\ple ought to hate & v>i\sly   
torm5t ea* o!r4 ,if p saw ! m]it ( two  
human be+s--:o 7 able to sep>ate z      
fri5ds & to meet aga9 z su*--be+ also   
capable ( ?is2 if ! pres5ce ( ei!r p>5t 
) ! *ildr5 nev] l$ to _! be+ influ5c$ to
 ! detrim5t ( ! abs5t "o--!n *ildr51 ev5
 aft] a divorce1 w\ld n feel ! want ( _!
 ess5tial relation to bo? _! p>5ts4 ,n[1
 on ! o!r h&1 divid$ z !y (t5 are betwe5
 two mutually ho/ile p>5ts1 sep>at$ ?us 
f ea* o!r &--lack+ common memories & o!r
 ties to b9d !m--gradually becom+       
/rang]s to ea* o!r :5 !y meet1 ! *ildr5 
lose s mu* by a divorce1 t p>5ts 9 mo/  
cases c ga9 no?+ :i* makes up = ! losses
 ( ! *ildr5 & ?us pref] to be> ! burd5s 
( liv+ toge!r r ?an lay ^? ( divorce ^u 
! *ildr54  ,9 ! "q ( divorce also1 !    
great fundam5tal idea ( prote/antism mu/

 be appli$ 9 ! recognition ( !          
individual's full fre$om ( *oice1 s9ce  
no case c be decid$ g5]ally1 & s9ce "h  
also ! "r & wrong c only be discov]$    
?r\gh ! se>*+ ( ea* individual          
consci5ce4  ,a *ild has (t5--9 mom5ts ( 
great crisis--block$ ! way :i* l$ f !   
door ( ! home4 ,b ! home )9 t door did n
 = t reason become bright] or w>m] = !  
*ild4   ,9 ! prec$+1 ! position ( !     
*ildr5 9 divorce has be5 consid]$ f !   
po9t ( view ( discord betwe5 ! p>5ts4   
,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! divorce is br\ght   
ab\t by a new feel+ on ! "p ( "o ( !m1  
!n ?is fa!r or "m mu/ be prep>$ "o      
day--:5 ! *ildr5 c und]/& !m--to ju/ify 
! /ep by %[+ !m h[ ! new love has made  
him or h] a ri*] & great] p]sonality4 ,!
 *ildr5 h a full "r n to be sacrific$ to
 ! degradation ( _! p>5ts4 ,9 e case1 ! 
*ildr5 are ! mo/ incorruptible judges ( 
_! p>5ts4  ,b ! fact t a p]son has      
already br\ght *ildr5 into ! _w does n  
give to ^! *ildr5 an unconditional "r to
 dem& t a fa!r or "m %all sacrifice !   

love t may advance !mselves1 & ?r\gh !m 
! race1 to :i* !y may ?us give m        
excell5t *ildr5 or m excell5t works ?an 
!y h be5 able to produce hi!rto4 ,_m a  
woman has borne *ildr5 to h] husb& )\t  
hav+ se5 h] *ild2 _m a man has giv5 !   
community 8 indu/ry b nev] 8 "w--until  
great love accompli%$ _! inn]mo/ long+ &
 ! *ild or ! "w t 0 ?us creat$ became ! 
only "o indisp5sable to ! race4  ,!     
claim ( society t a fa!r or "m1 radiant 
) possibilities ( happ9ess1 %all        
sacrifice ^! = ! sake ( ! *ildr51 w be  
r$uc$ :5 ! s5se ( ! value ( life has    
gr[n & ! duty ( p>5ts to live = _!      
*ildr5 is m (t5 int]pret$ to mean t !y  
mu/ cont9ue to be fully alive1 ) p[]s ( 
r5ewal4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is v rejuv5ation 
( p>5ts at ! pres5t day may (t5 result 9
 _! liv+ s ri* a life toge!r ) _! *ildr5
 t !y w ne$ no o!r r5ewal ?an t :i* is  
mo/ productive ( happ9ess to all p>ties2
 namely1 to enjoy _! 8second spr+time0 9
 ! *ildr5's fir/4  ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! 
result ( ?is prolong$ y\? ( ! p>5ts is t

 a fa!r or "m *anges ! c\rse ( 8 or h]  
life1 !n ! *ildr5 mu/ suff]--until !y c 
und]/& t p]haps 9 a deep] s5se !y d n   
suff] !reby4 ,sometimes ! new p>tn] has 
ex]cis$ a ri*] influ5ce on ! *ildr5 ?an 
_! own fa!r or "m--z may also be ! case 
) a /ep-fa!r or /ep-"m4 ,at pres5t1     
h[ev]1 ?is possibility is (t5 de/roy$ by
 ! common op9ion j allud$ to1 :i* also  
decides t ! *ildr5 ought to hate1 :]e1  
if left to !mselves1 !y w\ld p]haps h   
le>n$ to love4  ,! selfi% dem& ( gr[n-up
 *ildr5 t ! life ( _! p>5ts %all 9 & )  
!m h rea*$ its climax & be p]sonally    
conclud$1 is z cruel z x is unju/ifi$1  
s9ce !re are s\ls :i* d n lose _!       
blossom :5 ! fruit appe>s1 b are able at
 ! same "t to be> bo? fruit & new       
blossom4 ,*ildr5 receive ) life a "r to 
! conditions :i* may make !m fully fit =
 life2 no less ?an ?is1 b at ! same "t  
no m4 ,:at _! p>5ts may be will+ to     
sacrifice ( _! own lives beyond ?is mu/ 
be reckon$ to _! g5]osity1 n _! duty4   
,if great love may ?us be admitt$ to    

possess a "r sup]ior to t ( ! *ildr51 ! 
"q obvi\sly arises1 h[ is ?is love to be
 di/+ui%$ f ! accid5tal8  ,a mi/ake is  
already a h>d ?+ 9 a m>riage :]e !re are
 *ildr51 = ! ob/acles t h to be surm\nt$
 9 su* a case are s s]i\s t only great  
love c ov]come !m--t is1 if ! p>5ts are 
su* t !y really mean any?+ at all to _! 
*ildr54  ,x is precisely by its g5esis1 
9 despite ( all ob/acles1 t ! pr$e/9$   
love (t5 reveals its nature & ?us       
becomes :at is call$ 8crim9al40 ,ev5 if 
^? :o are possess$ by ?is emotion all[  
duty to int]pose oceans betwe5 !m1 !y w1
 nev]!less1 come toge!r 9 e great mom5t 
( _! lives until ! la/1 conv9c$ t    88 
kiss 0 on h] lips be=e %e 0 born40  ,:5 
p h acquir$ m k ( ! laws ( psy*ology1 !y
 w discov]1 z ,edw>d ,c>p5t] has said1 t
 !re is also an a/ronomy 9 ! _w (       
emotion2 t int]-dep5d5ce arises !re     
also1 9 ob$i5ce to et]nal laws2         
sympa?ies & antipa?ies :i* keep all !   
8heav5ly bodies0 at ! "r di/ance or     
proximity2 t ?us ! pa? ( love foll[s an 

equally irresi/ible necessity z ! orbit 
( a /> & is equally impossible to       
det]m9e by any influ5ces outside its own
 laws4 ,& )\t d\bt !re w "s day be      
discov]$ a telescope = ?is field also1  
:i* w at la/ reveal to ! %ort-sight$ !  
fix$ />s1 planets1 nebul1 & comets (    
erotic space1 & w prove t its           
con/ellations are ord]$ by a high] law  
?an t ( 8crude in/9ct40 ,b until we     
atta9 ?is a/ronomical c]ta9ty we mu/ be 
cont5t ) ! degree ( k t art criticism c 
give4  ,great love1 l a great arti/1 has
 its /yle4 ,:atev] subject ! latt] may  
h&le1 :atev] m$ium he may use1 he gives 
to ! canvas or ! m>ble1 ! pap] or !     
metal1 ! impress ( 8 h&1 & ?is reveals  
itself 9 ! smalle/ ?+ he has creat$4 ,s 
9 e age & e c\ntry1 e class & e "t (    
life1 great love is "o & ! same2 its    
signs are unmi/akable1 ?\gh ! =tune x   
leads to & ! individuals on :om x sets  
its m>k may 9 "o case be m important ?an
 9 ano!r4  ,b ?is mighty emotion--:i*   
ar\ses "o's :ole be+ ?r\gh ano!r's &    

gives "o's :ole be+ re/ 9 ano!r's--?is  
emotion seizes a man )\t ask+ :e!r he is
 b\nd or free4 ,he :o feels /rongly &   
:olly en\gh ne$ nev] wond] :at x is he  
feels3 x is ! feeble emotion t is       
d\btful to itself4 ,nor does he :o feels
 /rongly en\gh ev] ask himself :e!r he  
has a "r to 8 feel+4 ,he is s exalt$ by 
8 love1 t he kn[s he is ?us exalt+ !    
life ( mank9d4 ,x is ! m9or1 p>tial     
passions t a p]son already b\nd feels ) 
good reason to be 8crim9al40 ,= him1 on 
! o!r h&1 :o w\ld call 8 great emotion a
 s9ful infatuation1 a %ameless egoism1 a
 be/ial in/9ct1 "o :o loves ?us has no?+
 b a smile ( pity4 ,he kn[s t he w\ld   
commit a s9 9 kill+ 8 love1 j z he w\ld 
9 murd]+ 8 *ild4 ,he kn[s t 8 love has  
once m made him good z 9 8 *ildhood's   
pray]s to ,god1 & ri* z "o = :om ! gates
 ( p>adise are op5$ anew4  ,art is      
int]pret+ a univ]sal exp]i5ce :5 x      
always depicts ,adam & ,eve z "y :5 !y  
are driv5 out ( ,ed54 ,"o wond]s t no   
arti/ has %[n !m--at a matur]           

age--outside ! walls ( p>adise1 torm5t$ 
by ! s5se ( n[ possess+ wisdom en\gh to 
pres]ve ! happ9ess = :i* 9 y\? !y only  
possess$ ! means4  ,= !re n unfrequ5tly 
arrives a "t 9 human life :5 enlight5m5t
 ent]s be=e coldness has set 92 :5 !    
blossoms are /ill ri* al?\gh ! fruits h 
already begun to mature4 ,x is !n t     
great happ9ess is (t5 se5 = an in/ant & 
!n disappe>s4 ,sometimes %e is nev] se51
 = %e comes s(tly &--l a playmate--lays 
a h& ov] "o's eyes1 ask+3 ,:o am ,i8 ,"o
 guesses wrongly & happ9ess is gone be=e
 "o c bid h] /ay4 ,to h] fav\rites only 
does %e come ) h] h&s full & op54 ,to ! 
majority ! words ( ! dy+ ,hebbel are    
true3 ,we human be+s lack ei!r ! cup or 
! w9e4  ,love's deepe/ trag$y is t a    
numb] ( p h fir/ to le>n ?r\gh _!       
mi/akes be=e _! s\ls & s5ses are ready =
 ! great love :i* ( two be+s makes "o m 
p]fect4  ,9 poetry z 9 life x is        
sometimes ! fir/ love1 sometimes ! la/1 
t is extoll$ z ! /ronge/4 ,nei!r ne$ be1
 & ei!r may be1 ?is4 ,! /ronge/ love is 

t :i*--at :atev] age x comes--mo/ takes 
up all ! =ces ( p]sonality4  ,x also    
sometimes happ5s t n until a p]son ought
 to h done ) love1 is he really ready = 
x4 ,! few] are !n ! *ances ( f9d+ ! love
 he wi%es to give & receive4 ,& few]    
/ill ! *ances t he c give himself up to 
!m1 ) ! concurr5ce ( 8 :ole be+4  ,= x  
is "o ?+ to h ! "r to "o's great        
emotion2 ano!r to h ! "r or !           
possibility ( "o's full happ9ess4  ,love
 may be nev] s free 9 its social aspect2
 no fre$om ( morals or ( divorce c      
release ! sons ( m5 f ! inevitable      
suff]+s ( _! own nature1 nor f !        
inevitable conflicts ( _! connection ) !
 pa/4 ,^! suff]+s & conflicts h be5 made
 s deep by life itself t !re is inde$ no
 necessity = ! law to make !m deep]4  ,!
 mo/ usual =m ( ! conflict is t a p]son 
is b\nd by or brok5 by casual love--:e!r
 w$d$ or free--:5 ! pr$e/9$ int]v5es 9 8
 exi/5ce4  ,t s _m m unhappy m>riages   
cont9ue ?an are dissolv$ may be due less
 to a s5se ( duty ?an to ! fact t only a

 few are capable ( great emotions4 ,pe] 
,gynt's symbol--! bulb--illu/rates !    
erotic nature ( ! majority4 ,x fl[]s z  
readily 9 s& z 9 wat]1 9 ! op5 z 9 a    
pot4 ,b %\ld an acorn be plant$ 9 a pot1
 x is inevitable--on acc\nt ( ! vital   
conditions ( ! oak--t x %\ld "o day bur/
 its prison or die4  ,& 9 su* a case1 x 
is un=tunate :5 a ,*ri/ian e?ical view  
/&s 9 ! way ( s]i\s & g5u9e *ances ( s  
r5ew+ life t x may be m valuable to !   
community z well z to ! individual      
himself4 ,p :o are equipp$ ) ri*        
possibilities /ill all[ !mselves to be  
decid$ by unconditional consid]ation =  
o!rs' feel+s1 :i*1 tak5 f ,*ri/ianity1 h
 be5 graft$ ev5 on evolutionism1 & :i*1 
especially ?r\gh ,george ,eliot1 h      
obta9$ _! great b "o-sid$ expression4   
,t ! race n only ne$s p will+ to lose _!
 lives 9 ord] to ga9 !m1 b also p )     
c\rage to sacrifice o!rs 9 ord] to w9 _!
 own--?is is a tru? :i* nev]!less mu/ be
 indissolubly b\nd up ) an evolutioni/  
view ( life1 to :i* ! w to pres]ve &    

enhance "o's own exi/5ce is a duty z    
und5iable z t ( pres]v+ & enhanc+ !     
lives ( o!rs by self-sacrifice4 ,to h ! 
c\rage ( "o's happ9ess1 to be able to   
be> ! pa9 insep>able f a rupture )\t    
pangs ( consci5ce1 is only 9 ! p[] ( ^? 
:o act f _! inn]mo/ necessity4 ,t pairs 
( lov]s outside ! law n[ s (t5 commit   
suicide toge!r is no pro( ( ! ov]ma/]+  
p[] ( love2 x r proves ! p[]lessness (  
_! emotion to d>e & w9 ! "r ( direct &  
imm$iate liv+ & ?us increas+ ! ri*es (  
life4 ,= x is only to a love t is       
?r\gh\t a w to live t circum/ances      
become z wax 9 ! arti/'s h&4  ,f ! po9t 
( view ( ! religion ( ,life ?is impot5ce
 is regrettable1 j z mu* z secret       
adult]y4 ,d\btless bo? may possess !    
beauty ( a great love-trag$y4 ,probably 
no "o :o has read ! ,inf]no wi%$        
,francesca /r5g? to reject ! love (     
,paolo4 ,& s /rangely does a s\l f9d !  
way home to itself1 t !re are cases :]e 
a p]son 9 adult]y feels himself purifi$ 
f ! defilem5t ( m>riage--s9ce he ?us = !

 fir/ "t exp]i5ces ! unity ( s\l & s5ses
 :i* 0 8 dream ( love f ! beg9n+4  ,b   
ev5 9 ^! exceptional cases--s mu* ! m1  
!re=e1 9 o!rs--! secret transgression1  
:i* ! old] morality f\nd comp>atively   
innocu\s1 is f ! po9t ( view ( ! new    
morality great] ?an ! op5 rupture4 ,= ! 
p]sonality is humiliat$ by ! duplicity &
 ! weakness :]eby "o avoids !           
responsibility ( ! consequ5ces ( "o's   
actions4 ,& ?is1 moreov]1 decreases !   
life-value ( love to ! race4 ,new       
exp]im5ts 9 life1 :i* are made op5ly1   
:i* enhance ! /r5g? ( ! individual ?r\gh
 conflict & e>ne/ness1 may possess an   
importance = ! p]sonality itself & =    
society :i* secret transgressions 9 mo/ 
cases lack4  ,a poet or an arti/1 =     
example1 has a wife1 z to ^:            
insuffici5cy = him all are agre$--s long
 z he /ill has h]4 ,sudd5ly he f9ds !   
space1 t 0 empty & wa/e1 fill$ by a new 
creation2 ! air becomes alive ) songs & 
visions4 ,he n only feels 8 slumb]+ p[]s
 awake1 he kn[s t great love has call$  

up 9 him p[]s he _h nev] suspect$2 he   
sees t n[ he w be able to accompli% :at 
he c\ld nev] h done be=e4 ,he foll[s !  
life-w ( 8 love1 & he does "r4 ,m>riages
 kept inviolable h d\btless produc$ _m  
great advantages to culture4 ,b x is n  
to !m t art & poetry owe _! greate/ debt
 ( gratitude4 ,)\t 8unhappy0 or         
8crim9al0 love1 ! _w's creations (      
beauty w\ld at ?is mom5t be n only      
inf9itely few]1 b1 above all1 inf9itely 
poor]4 ,nay1 aft] su* an exclusion !    
:ole spiritual _w might appe> z "s      
m$ival *ur*1 decorat$ f floor to ro( )  
frescoes1 appe>$ aft] ! :itewa%+ ( !    
,re=mation4  ,b 9 a *oice su* z we h j  
m5tion$1 public op9ion is always c]ta9 t
 ! suff]+s ( ! wife1 unimportant z %e is
 to ! community1 are ! great ?+1 :ile ^?
 ( ! man1 important to ! community1 may 
be disreg>d$4  ,he1 h[ev]1 :o exp]i5ces 
! new spr+ :i* fl[]s 9 song1 9 tones1 9 
col\rs1 raises ! life ( g5]ation aft]   
g5]ation1 c5turies aft] ! "o p]son or ! 
few :o suff]$ ?r\gh him h long ceas$ to 

suff]4  ,:o w\ld h ga9$ :at ! race w\ld 
h lo/ ?r\gh 8 self-sacrifice8 ,n ! wife1
 if %e _h a he>t1 & n only a pride1 :i* 
c\ld suff]4  ,n only f ! po9t ( view (  
univ]sal1 b f t ( individual            
life-enhancem5t1 we ought n to give all 
our sympa?y to ! "o :o is call$         
8he>t-brok540 ,:y is ! he>t t is brok5  
consid]$ s mu* m valuable ?an ! "o or ! 
two :i* mu/ cause ! pa9 le/ !y !mselves 
p]i%8 ,& :y w p n see t he :o is look$  
^u z 8brok5-he>t$0 sometimes f9ds a new 
& ri*] happ9ess8 ,b1 above all1 :y is x 
con/antly =gott5 t "o :o suff]s ?r\gh   
sorr[ (t5 becomes great] ?an he c\ld ev]
 h be5 9 ! secure possession ( 8        
8prop]ty08  ,!re are o!r ways ( liv+ on 
a great emotion ?an t ( be+ 9 ! usual   
s5se made happy by x4  ,?is mu/1 h[ev]1 
be rememb]$ above all by him :o1 already
 ti$1 is seiz$ by a new feel+4 ,if all  
?ree p>ties are high-m9d$ en\gh1 x has  
sometimes happ5$ t ! feel+ has be5      
trans=m$ into an amiti am\reuse1 :i* has
 made all ( !m ri*] & none ( !m         

unhappy--ev5 if x has made none ( !m    
completely happy4  ,b ev5 "u o!r        
circum/ances p ought to rememb]1 t "o   
does n always own :at "o has--&         
sometimes possesses mo/ surely :at "o   
has nev] own$4  ,! sanctity & l(t9ess ( 
"o's own feel+ is ! inde/ructible "p (  
happ9ess 9 love4 ,no long] to be able to
 love is ! greate/ sorr[4 ,b a p]son no 
m becomes less wor?y ( love because 8   
own love is dead1 ?an he becomes s ?r\gh
 leav+ love unrequit$4  ,!re=e1 he alone
 c feel himself really ru9$ :o has be5  
no?+ b ! means ( ano!r's pleasure or    
sport1 developm5t or "w2 a means t is   
ca/ (f :5 x no long] af=ds enjoym5t or  
pr(it4 ,! p]son :o is ?us betray$ 9     
love1 ei!r because love nev] exi/$ or   
because its pa/ exi/5ce is d5i$2 :o sees
 ! p]sonality he lov$ unveil$ z ano!r   
?an he believ$ himself to be lov+--?is  
p]son mu/ ex]t 8 :ole s\l to save x f   
be+ n>r[$1 embitt]$1 & de/roy$4 ,all o!r
 great bl[s ( fate may be borne 9 su* a 
way t a man gr[s by !m3 b to lose fai? 9

 a human be+ is ! greate/ pa9 ( all1    
s9ce x is also ! mo/ unfruitful2 s9ce x 
9 no respect enl>ges ! s\l or enhances !
 exi/5ce4  ,b ev5 f ?is suff]+ ! s\l may
 f9ally raise itself ?r\gh !            
consci\sness t x has too great a value (
 its own to all[ itself to be de/roy$ by
 ! bas5ess or pett9ess ( ano!r4 ,only he
 :o has f\ght out ! battle alone 9 all !
 horrors ( ! des]t night kn[s :at !     
sunrise is4 ,ye>s lat] x may fall to !  
lot ( su* a man1 :o at "o bl[ has lo/   
ev]y?+--! sanctity ( 8 memories1 ! mean+
 ( 8 exp]i5ces1 ! fai? ( 8 love--himself
 to see ! tru? ( ! great1 calm ?9k]'s   
exhortation3 t "o ought nei!r to laugh  
nor weep at1 exalt nor curse a human    
be+'s actions1 b only to try to und]/&  
!m 7,sp9oza74 ,& !n !re beg9s = him a   
great & difficult "w1 :i* p]haps w la/ z
 long z life la/s1 ! "w ( look+ into !  
dep?s ( ?is o!r s\l2 ( aga9 review+ !   
pa/ 9 ! p]spective ( di/ance2 ( p]ceiv+ 
8 own limitations z well z ^? ( ! o!r1 &
 ?us beg9n+ to und]/&4 ,?is is ! only   

=giv5ess !re is4  ,b ?us a p]son once   
dead & buri$ 9 ! mid/ ( life may f9ally 
see ! grass gr[ gre5 & ! sun %9e ov] 8  
grave4   ,if ?is c become true--& x has 
become true = _m p :om o!rs reg>d$ z    
brok5-he>t$--h[ mu* m !n is x n true to 
him :o has once be5 really ri* & has    
nev] be5 robb$ ( 8 greate/ treasure1 !  
glory ( 8 own love8  ,a woman1 =        
example1 :o = ye>s ( h] life has        
possess$ complete happ9ess & ?r\gh ?is  
has become a "m--w %e be robb$ ( x all1 
if ?is happ9ess comes to an end8  ,!re  
is /ill ! happ9ess ( o!rs to s]ve1 !    
suff]+s ( o!rs to alleviate1 ! great    
ends ( humanity to fur!r4 ,to _m a "o :o
 has nev] ev5 _h a happ9ess ( 8 own ?is 
mu/ /ill be suffici5t consolation4 ,b we
 judge ( happ9ess z ( weal?4 ,t         
innum]able human be+s daily p]i% f want 
makes little impression on u4 ,b if "o (
 our fri5ds falls f ri*es into pov]ty1  
?is seems to u dreadful4 ,we =get t he  
may p]haps1 ?r\gh pov]ty1 atta9 a       
developm5t t ri*es nev] won = him2 t he 

:o is robb$ by =tune may make a new     
position = himself4  ,life has c\ntless 
possibilities z well z c\ntless         
contradictions4 ,x is full ( secret     
rem$ial p[]s z well z ( hidd5 causes (  
dea?4 ,&1 f9ally1 x is1 !re=e1 v unc]ta9
 :e!r x is n ! two :o come toge!r t are 
8torn asund]0--:ile ! "o ab&on$ rema9s  
:ole4  ,= lov+ is a heal+ m$ic9e ev5 = !
 w\nds love gives4 ,only "o ?+ a lov+   
p]son _c be>1 to see ! de> ones suff]4  
,to take "o's self sil5tly away 9 ord]  
to sp>e !m pa9 is )9 ! p[] ( great love4
 ,& ?is does n mean a tame resignation  
wat]+ ! r$ /ream ( ! blood4 ,x means t  
love has become s great t x takes       
s]i\sly ! great words s lightly utt]$ 9 
happ9ess1 t torm5ts caus$ by ! belov$ 7 
de>] ?an joys giv5 by o!rs4 ,:5 love has
 become ! p[] 9 :i* a p]son lives &     
moves & has 8 be+1 ! words ( ! ,epi/le  
to ! ,cor9?ians on love are fulfill$ 9 a
 m beautiful way ?an ,paul dream$ (4    
,great love does n only love = ! sake ( 
lov+2 x atta9s ! incr$ible3 to love !   

lov$ "o m ?an "o's own feel+4 ,if x 7 a 
"q ( ?us provid+ = ! o!r a m p]fect     
happ9ess1 ?is love w\ld be able to qu5* 
its own flame & ) x ! fulness ( pa9 & ( 
joy t life _h ga9$ f ?is feel+4 ,wom5   
sometimes make su* a sacrifice4 ,"h &   
!re a man has be5 capable ( x4 ,b he :o 
has atta9$ to ?is height ( emotion lives
 s wond]ful a life t ! happ9ess ! unit$ 
c\ple create = ea* o!r mu/ be           
extraord9>ily great if ^! two ri* ones  
are n 9 reality to be ! poor]4  ,:5 !   
?\ght has once become inh]5t 9 mank9d t 
no "o c be happy )\t ! feel+ t he is    
mak+ o!rs happy2 t only ! highe/        
developm5t ( "o's own feel+ is          
imp]i%able happ9ess2 t all o!r happ9ess 
is *>ity1 n ju/ice--!n !re w be few]    
torn asund]1 ev5 if !re be no m happy   
ones4  ,b love is /ill su*1 m51 wom51 & 
! p ar\nd !m are /ill su*1 t "o w\ld r  
wi% a ti$ man or woman /r5g? to endure  
m>riage ?an to break x1 at lea/ if !y h 
*ildr5 :o mu/ %>e ) !m ! unkn[n =tunes (
 _! love4 ,be=e ^!1 if ev]1 "o feels !  

mean+ ( ! ,breton fi%]'s song3    444 la
 m] e/ gr&e et ma b>que e/ petite 444   
,h[ (t5 has n ! little boat1 fraught )  
life's la/ ri*es1 be5 lo/ on ! wide sea8
  ,b !re=e x is t no "o !re seeks 8     
pleasure1 b only 8 life4   ,t our       
actions 9 ! erotic sph]e--z 9 e o!r--mu/
 call =? ! criticism ( o!rs is j z      
unavoidable z t our figure %\ld be      
reflect$ 9 a mirror z we pass4 ,b public
 op9ion is a convex mirror1 a globe     
swoll5 by prejudice1 :i* di/orts !      
image4 ,only a cle> & calm s\l gives a  
true picture ( ano!r's actions4  ,& to  
su* a s\l1 x w n unfrequ5tly be app>5t t
 ! 8transgression0 0 "r = "o nature & n 
= ! o!r4 ,! latt] w h felt t its inn]mo/
 be+ w\ld h be5 outrag$ if fidelity to !
 pa/ _h n be5 pres]v$ to ! utt]mo/--& w 
h *os5 to all[ its erotic p[]s to )] &  
to live only by ! w ( duty4 ,( ?is k9d (
 self-immolation ! same is true z ( its 
bodily c\nt]p>t3 sometimes !y are great 
s\ls1 sometimes great c[>ds4 ,nay1 !    
same sacrifice may be sublime at "o     

p]iod ( our lives & %ameful at ano!r4   
,life nev] %[s u 8m>riage10 b c\ntless  
diff]5t m>riages2 nev] 8love10 b        
c\ntless lov]s4 ,he :o sets up an ideal 
9 ^! matt]s mu/1 !re=e1 be cont5t )     
possibly work+ = ! future1 b %\ld n use 
8 ideal z a crit]ion = ! pres5t4 ,nay1  
he ought n ev5 to desire 9 ! future !   
sole au?ority ( 8 own ideal--s9ce a     
desc5t f ! div]se to ! uni=m w\ld be a  
retrogressive developm5t4  ,! ef=t (    
society to press into a s+le ideal =m   
life's inf9ite multitude ( diff]5t cases
 "u ! same circum/ances or ( ! same     
cases "u diff]5t circum/ances1 ! same   
influ5ces on diff]5t p]sonalities or !  
same p]sonalities "u diff]5t            
influ5ces--?is has be5 9 ! field (      
sexual morality z viol5t a proce$+ z    
w\ld be ! e/abli%m5t = all figures (    
,polycletus's canon ( beauty4 ,! madness
 ( ! latt] proce$+ w\ld be obvi\s4 ,b   
viol5ce to s\ls is n s obvi\s4 ,!re=e x 
is always e/abli%$ by law4  ,n until !  
div]sity ( s\ls becomes 9 our ideas a   

tru? z real z ! div]sity ( our bodies   
%all we p]ceive t ( all dogmas monogamy 
has be5 t :i* has claim$ mo/ human      
sacrifices4 ,x w "o day be admitt$ t !  
auto-da-fs ( m>riage h be5 j z valueless
 to true morality z ^? ( religion 7 to !
 true fai?4  ,! ,gr& ,inquisitors ( !   
pa/ probably resembl$ ^? ( ! pres5t day 
9 t1 :5 confront$ by a p>ticul> case )9 
! circle ( _! own fri5ds & relations1 !y
 f\nd easily en\gh ext5uat+ circum/ances
 :i* !y did n o!rwise admit4 ,b we mu/  
le>n to see t e case is a sep>ate case &
 t1 !re=e1 sometimes a new rule--n only 
an exception to an old rule--becomes    
necess>y4 ,we _c any long] ma9ta9 ?is   
d\ble /&>d = kn[n or unkn[n1 = fri5ds or
 enemies1 = lit]ature or life4 ,x mu/ be
 aboli%$ by an e>ne/ desire = g5u9e     
morality4  ,?is d\ble /&>d %[s u1 h[ev]1
 t ev5 among ! or?odox ( monogamy !     
impossibility ( c>ry+ out a monogam\s   
morality :i* %all apply to all is beg9n+
 to be p]ceiv$4 ,b ! ef=t1 nev]!less1 to
 atta9 9 "s degree ! impossible n[ /&s 9

 ! way ( ! possible1 :i* is g]m9at+ "h &
 !re3 ! atta9m5t ( ! morality ( love4   
,al?\gh ! new life is already %[+ its   
/r5g?--l spr+ fl[]s t pu% _! way ?r\gh  
la/ ye>'s c>pet ( dead foliage--! )]$   
leaves mu/ yet be cle>$ away4#g ,& only 
!y :o d n p]ceive ! p[] ( ! new spr+ are
 afraid t ! e>? w n be able to disp5se )
 its )]$ protection4     ,,*apt] ,,ix   
,a ,,new ,,m>riage ,,law   ,x results f 
! =ego+ t ! ideal =m ( m>riage is       
consid]$ to be ! p]fectly free union ( a
 man & a woman1 :o ?r\gh mutual love    
desire to promote ! happ9ess ( ea* o!r &
 ( ! race4  ,b z developm5t does n      
proce$ by leaps no "o c hope t ! :ole ( 
society w atta9 ?is ideal o!rwise ?an   
?r\gh transitional =ms4 ,^! mu/ pres]ve 
! prop]ty ( ! old =m3 t ( express+ !    
op9ion ( society on ! morality ( sexual 
relations--& ?us provid+ a support = !  
undevelop$--b at ! same "t mu/ be free  
en\gh to promote a cont9u$ developm5t ( 
! high] erotic consci\sness ( ! pres5t  
"t4 ,! mod]n man consid]s himself       

supreme 9 ! s5se t no div9e or human    
au?ority high] ?an ! collective p[] (   
individuals !mselves c make ! laws t    
conf9e 8 lib]ty4 ,b he admits !         
necessity ( a legal limitation ( fre$om1
 :5 ?is prep>es ! way = a m p]fect      
future sy/em = ! satisfaction ( ! ne$s (
 ! individual & a m complete fre$om = ! 
use ( 8 p[]s4 ,insight into ! pres5t    
erotic ne$s & p[]s ( individuals mu/ ?us
 be ! />t+-po9t ( a mod]n m>riage law1 b
 n any ab/ract !ories ab\t ! 8idea ( !  
family0 or juridical consid]ations ( !  
8hi/orical orig90 ( m>riage4  ,s9ce1 z  
already po9t$ out1 society is !         
organisation :i* results :5 human be+s  
set !mselves 9 motion to satisfy _! ne$s
 & ex]cise _! p[]s 9 common1 x mu/ also 
be 9 a condition ( un9t]rupt$           
trans=mation accord+ z new ne$s arise & 
new p[]s are develop$4 ,?is has n[ tak5 
place 9 ! erotic sph]e1 especially s9ce 
^? emotional ne$s & p[]s ( ! s\l1 :i*   
=m]ly 7 n\ri%$ by & direct$ t[>ds       
religion1 h be5 n\ri%$ by & direct$     

t[>ds love4 ,love itself is ?us becom+ m
 & m a religion1 & "o :i* dem&s new =ms 
= its practice4  ,b :ile ! individuali/ 
c only be satisfi$ ) ! full fre$om (    
love1 he is compell$ by ! s5se (        
solid>ity1 at lea/ = ! pres5t1 to dem& a
 new law = m>riage1 s9ce ! majority is n
 yet ready = p]fect fre$om4   ,! s5se ( 
solid>ity & individualism h equally     
weighty reasons = condemn+ ! exi/+      
in/itution ( m>riage4 ,x =ces ^u human  
be+s1 :o are seldom ideal1 a unity :i*  
only an ideal happ9ess r5d]s !m capable 
( support+4 ,x fulfils "o ( its         
missions--t ( protect+ ! woman--9 a way 
t is n[ humiliat+ to h] human dignity4  
,x p]=ms its second function--t (       
protect+ ! *ildr5--9 an extremely       
imp]fect fa%ion4 ,its ?ird--t ( sett+ up
 an ideal ( ! morality ( sexual         
relations--x p]=ms 9 su* a way t ?is    
ideal is n[ a h9drance to ! fur!r       
developm5t ( morality4  ,f a reali/ic   
po9t ( view1 :at is ! value ( matrimony 
to a woman8 ,t ! pres5t law compels !   

husb& to provide = 8 wife & = ! *ildr5  
born 9 w$lock1 & t at ! dea? ( ! husb& x
 secures to h] ! wid['s %>e 9 8 e/ate & 
to ! legitimate *ildr5 _! inh]itance4 ,b
 %e pays = ^! economical advantages by  
resign+ ! "r ov] h] *ildr51 h] prop]ty1 
h] "w1 h] p]son1 :i* %e possess$ :5     
unm>ri$4 ,ev5 :5 !re is a m>riage       
settlem5t ! husb&--z gu>dian &          
adm9i/rator ( 8 wife's prop]ty--may     
squ&] ?is1 z well z ! proce$s ( h] "w2  
he c =bid h] ex]cise ( a call+ or sell !
 implem5ts ( its ex]cise4 ,9 ! eyes ( ! 
law1 %e is plac$ on a foot+ ) h] *ildr5 
:o are "u age3 h] husb& has to sue & to 
answ] = h]1 & !re are c]ta9 functions ( 
a citiz5 :i* %e _c p]=m at all1 :ile    
o!rs1 :i* %e c\ld p]=m if unm>ri$1 %e c 
fulfil only ) h] husb&'s cons5t4  ,z    
conc]ns ! *ildr51 ! law leaves ^? born  
outside w$lock entirely )\t rights1     
except = an insuffici5t contribution to 
_! br++-up1 if ! fa!r does n free       
himself f ?is by oa?4 ,! law provides v 
imp]fectly = ! welf>e ( ! new g5]ation  

by limit+ ! "r ( m>riage to c]ta9       
degrees ( aff9ity1 refus+ x 9 ! case (  
c]ta9 diseases1 & fix+ ! age = lawful   
m>riage at fifte5 to sev5te5 = ! woman &
 tw5ty-"o ye>s = ! man4#h  ,f9ally1     
m>riage b9ds ! wife to ! husb& & him to 
h]1 by ! fact t nei!r c obta9 a divorce 
)\t ! o!r's cons5t unless c]ta9 acts (  
ill-treatm5t or misconduct c be prov$4  
,ev5 :5 m>ri$ p agree to a divorce1 x   
entails a pa9ful proc$ure = bo? ( !m &  
poor gu>antees = ! *ildr5's welf>e4 ,if 
! man refuses a divorce1 ! woman--ow+ to
 ! above-m5tion$ obligation ( pro(1     
frequ5tly impossible--is =c$ to rema9 ) 
a man %e despises1 s9ce only ?us c %e   
keep h] *ildr5 & receive support4 ,if ! 
husb& is no long] capable ( provid+ ?is2
 if1 p]haps1 he has squ&]$ means belong+
 to h] :i* w\ld h provid$ x2 nay1 if !  
wife1 by h] own "w1 is keep+ him1       
h]self1 & ! *ildr51 he /ill reta9s !    
same au?ority ov] h] & !m4  ,! unm>ri$  
woman1 on ! o!r h&1 :o has giv5 h] love 
8freely0--t is1 )\t legal comp5sation 9 

! =m ( a "r ( ma9t5ance--reta9s full    
au?ority ov] h] *ildr51 z well z p]sonal
 lib]ty1 responsibility1 & civil rights4
 ,9 o!r words1 %e reta9s all t gives h] 
a dignifi$ position z a human be+ 9     
society--b loses ! respect ( society &  
economic security4 ,! m>ri$ woman1 on ! 
o!r h&1 loses all t is important to a   
memb] ( society ( full age1 b reta9s !  
respect ( society1 h] "r ( inh]itance1 &
 h] support4  ,truly1 society has n made
 x easy = woman to fulfil h] 8natural   
mission06 ,t %e nev]!less--"u "o or o!r 
( ^! two alt]natives--/ill gladly p]=ms 
x1 is /rong evid5ce t x mu/ be ! mo/    
p[]ful dem& ( h] nature4 ,if o!r ne$s   
become /rong]--z is already ! case ) "s 
wom5--!n ! conditions ( ei!r alt]native 
w be unacceptable4 ,& z ! new wom5 are  
/ill less likely to cont5t !mselves ) ! 
two o!r extremes--lifelong asceticism or
 pro/itution--a new m>riage has become =
 !m a condition ( life4   ,! m>riage law
 n[ 9 =ce is a geological =mation1 )    
/ratifications belong+ to v>i\s phases (

 culture n[ conclud$4 ,our own phase    
alone has left few & unimportant traces 
9 x4  ,x has be5 p]ceiv$ 9 our "t t love
 ought to be ! moral gr\nd ( m>riage4 ,&
 love re/s ^u equality4 ,b ! law (      
m>riage dates f a "t :5 ! importance (  
love 0 n yet recognis$4 ,x1 !re=e1 re/s 
^u ! inequality betwe5 a "l & 8 dep5d5t4
  ,our "t has giv5 to ! unm>ri$ woman ! 
opportunity ( mak+ h] own liv+1 a legal 
/atus1 & civil rights4 ,b ! m>riage law 
dates f a "t :5 wom5 _h none ( ^! ?+s4  
,! m>ri$ woman1 ?us1 "u ?is law1 n[     
occupies a position 9 %>p contra/ to !  
indep5d5ce ( ! unm>ri$1 :i* has be5     
acquir$ s9ce t "t4  ,our "t has displac$
 ! anci5t division ( lab\r1 by :i* !    
wife c>$ = ! *ildr5 & ! husb& provid$   
ma9t5ance4 ,b ! law ( m>riage dates f a 
"t :5 ?is division held full sway & :5 x
 01 !re=e1 almo/ impossible = a woman to
 receive protection = h]self & h] *ild  
o!rwise ?an 9 matrimony4 ,n[ society has
 begun to provide su* protection =      
unm>ri$ mo!rs1 & ! r5unciation ( lib]ty 

by :i* ! wife pur*ases ! protection (   
m>riage is se5 to be n only m & m       
unwor?y1 b also unnecess>y4  ,our "t has
 recognis$ m & m ! importance ( e *ild z
 a new memb] ( society & ! "r ( e *ild  
to be born "u heal?y conditions4 ,b !   
law ( m>riage 0 fram$ at a "t :5 ?is    
aspect _h n pres5t$ itself to !         
consci\sness ( mank9d2 :5 ! illegitimate
 *ild 0 reg>d$ z wor?less1 h[ev] sup]ior
 9 itself1 & ! legitimate *ild z        
valuable1 :atev] might be its h]$it>y   
defects4  ,our "t has recognis$ ! value 
to morality ( p]sonal *oice4 ,x admits z
 really e?ical only su* acts z result f 
p]sonal exam9ation & take place ) !     
approval ( ! individual consci5ce4  ,!  
m>riage sy/em came into be+ :5 ?is      
sov]eignty ( ! individual 0 sc>cely     
suspect$1 mu* less recognis$2 :5 s\ls 7 
b\nd by ! p[] ( society1 & :5 compulsion
 0 society's only means ( atta9+ its    
ends4 ,m>riage 0 ! halt] ) :i* ! racial 
in/9ct 0 tam$1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! in/9ct
 ( nature 0 ennobl$ by be+ br\ght into  

unity ) social purpose4  ,n[ love has   
be5 develop$1 ! human p]sonality has be5
 develop$1 & woman's p[]s h be5 lib]at$4
  ,on acc\nt ( woman's pres5t indep5d5t 
activity & self-det]m9ation outside     
m>riage1 ! law mu/ provide t ! m>ri$    
woman %all reta9 h] fre$om ( action by  
giv+ h] full au?ority ov] h] p]son &    
prop]ty4  ,on acc\nt ( ! individual's   
dislike ( be+ =c$ into religi\s =ms t h 
no mean+ = him1 ! legal =m ( m>riage mu/
 be a civil "o4  ,on acc\nt ( !         
individual's desire ( p]sonal *oice 9   
actions t are p]sonally important1 !    
cont9uance ( m>riage--z well z its      
inception--mu/ dep5d ^u ei!r ( ! p>ties 
& divorce be ?us free2 & ?is all ! m1   
s9ce ! new idea ( purity implies t      
compulsion 9 ?is direction is a         
humiliation4  ,^! are ! claims ! p ( !  
pres5t day make ^u ! =m ( m>riage1 if x 
is to express _! p]sonal w & fur!r !    
gr[? ( _! p]sonality4 ,! actual         
in/itution ( m>riage1 on ! o!r h&1      
involves =ms t h become mean+less &     

!re=e repulsive1 & places ! p>ties "u ! 
law 9 a position ) reg>d to "o ano!r    
:i*1 look$ at ideally1 is z f> b5ea? !  
m]its & dignity ( ! mod]n man z x       
actually is b5ea? ^? ( ! mod]n woman4   
,:ile ?us ! developm5t ( ! ideas (      
p]sonality & ( love h result$ 9 ^! dem&s
 ( increas$ lib]ty = ! individual )9    
m>riage1 ! idea ( solid>ity &           
evolutionism1 on ! o!r h&1 dem& great   
limitations ( individual fre$om4 ,! k t 
e new be+ has a "r to claim t its life  
%all be a real value--z well z k ( ! "r 
( society t ! new life %all be a        
valuable "o--has involv$ ! dem& (       
prohibit+ m>riages :i* w\ld be dang]\s  
to ! *ildr51 & ( bett] protect+ ! *ildr5
 :]e !re is no m>riage or :]e a m>riage 
has be5 dissolv$4   ,! economic factor  
has 9 mod]n society an importance =     
m>riage :i* is felt to be m & m degrad+ 
z m>riage becomes e/abli%$ on ! basis ( 
love4  ,m>riages inw>dly dissolv$ are n[
 (t5 held toge!r because bo? ! p>ties   
w\ld be 9 a worse f9ancial position aft]

 divorce4 ,! husb& c n or w n make 8    
wife a suffici5t all[ance2 he is1       
p]haps1 unable to realise h] =tune1 :i* 
he has inve/$ 9 8 bus9ess1 or p]haps he 
has sp5t x2 ! wife at m>riage has ab&on$
 an occupation :i* %e _c n[ take up aga9
 9 ord] to support h]self--& s on to    
inf9ity4  ,b ev5 happy m>riages suff]   
?r\gh ! wife's subord9ate position1     
economically z well z judicially4  ,x   
is1 !re=e1 ( great importance bo? 9     
happy & unhappy m>riages t ! wife %\ld  
reta9 control ov] h] prop]ty & h] e>n+s2
 t %e %\ld be self-support+ 9 s f> z %e 
c comb9e ?is ) h] duties z a "m1 & t %e 
%\ld be ma9ta9$ by ! community dur+ !   
fir/ ye> ( ea* *ild's life4 ,simil>     
proposals h be5 made f ! sociali/ side1 
b also 9 o!r qu>t]s4  ,a woman ought to 
be able to claim ?is subsidy if %e c    
prove3  ,t %e is ( full legal age2  ,t  
%e has p]=m$ h] equival5t ( milit>y     
s]vice by und]go+ a "o ye>'s tra9+ 9 !  
c>e ( *ildr5 & 9 hygi5e1 &--if          
possible--9 nurs+ ! sick2  ,t %e w1     

h]self1 c>e = ! *ildr5 or provide o!r   
effici5t c>e2  ,t %e is )\t suffici5t   
p]sonal means or e>n+s to provide = h]  
own & half ( ! *ildr5's support1 or t %e
 has giv5 up "w = ! sake ( look+ aft] ! 
*ildr54  ,^? :o are unwill+ to con=m to 
! above conditions w n apply = !        
subsidy1 :i* naturally _c be great] ?an 
:at is /rictly necess>y1 & :i* w only 9 
exceptional cases be di/ribut$ = long]  
?an a *ild's ?ree fir/ & mo/ important  
ye>s4  ,^? :o r5\nc$ ! subsidy w\ld ?us 
be z a rule ! well-to-d1 or ^? :o wi%$  
to devote !mselves to self-support & ?us
 gave up1 ei!r altoge!r or aft] ! fir/  
ye>1 ?is help f ! community4 ,!         
arrangem5t w\ld fulfil its purpose 9 ^? 
classes ( society :]e at pres5t ! "m's  
outdoor "w1 bo? 9 c\ntry & t[n1 involves
 equally great dang]s to h]self & !     
*ildr54 ,! *>ges = ?is mo/ important (  
def5sive taxes ought1 l o!r simil> ones1
 to be graduat$ & ?us to fall mo/       
heavily ^u ! ri*1 b ^u ! unm>ri$ 9 !    
same degree z ! m>ri$4  ,inspection %\ld

 be c>ri$ out by commission]s to be     
appo9t$ 9 e commune1 v>y+ 9 numb]       
accord+ to ! size ( ! commune1 b always 
compos$ ( two-?irds wom5 & "o-?ird m54  
,^! w\ld di/ribute ! subsidy & sup]vise 
! c>e n only ( "y *ildr5 b also ( old]  
ones4 ,! "m :o neglect$ h] *ild w\ld1   
aft] ?ree cautions1 be depriv$ ( !      
subsidy & ! *ild w\ld be tak5 f h]4 ,!  
same w\ld also apply to o!r p>5ts :o    
subject$ _! *ildr5 to bodily or m5tal   
ill-treatm5t4  ,! "m's ma9t5ance w\ld   
always am\nt to ! same sum p] annum1 b =
 e *ild %e w\ld receive 9 addition !    
half ( its ma9t5ance1 until ! numb] (   
*ildr5 0 rea*$ t ! community might      
consid] desirable f its po9t ( view4    
,any *ildr5 born beyond t numb] w\ld be 
! affair ( ! p>5ts4 ,e fa!r w\ld h to   
contribute a correspond+ half ( ! *ild's
 ma9t5ance f its bir? up to ! age (     
eighte54 ,at pres5t ! community af=ds a 
man help z breadw9n] = a family 9 ! =m (
 high] wages calculat$ to t end & a ris+
 scale accord+ to age1 :i*1 h[ev]1 he   

receives :e!r he is m>ri$ or s+le1      
*ildless or ! fa!r ( a family4 ,b by    
pay+ ! subsidy to ! "m1 all ne$ (       
unequal wages = ! two sexes w\ld cease1 
& ! subsidy w\ld really fur!r ! purpose 
t is ( importance to ! community3 ! re>+
 ( ! *ildr54  ,! pres5t sy/em1 on ! o!r 
h&1 ma9ta9s t mo/ crude inju/ice1 !     
diff]5ce betwe5 legitimate &            
illegitimate *ildr52 x frees unm>ri$    
fa!rs f _! natural responsibility2 x    
drives unm>ri$ mo!rs to infanticide1 to 
suicide1 to pro/itution4  ,all ^!       
conditions w\ld be alt]$ by a law :i*   
prescrib$ t e "m has a "r1 "u c]ta9     
conditions1 to ! support ( ! community  
dur+ ! ye>s 9 :i* %e is be>+ ! burd5 mo/
 important to ! community2 & t e *ild   
has a "r to ma9t5ance by bo? its p>5ts1 
to ! "n ( bo? &--s f> z !re may be      
prop]ty--to ! inh]itance ( bo?4  ,s9ce !
 "m mu/ n[1 ) increas+ frequ5cy1 be a   
breadw9n] z well z ! husb&1 x is j1 ev5 
f ?is po9t ( view1 t %e %\ld %>e ) him  
au?ority ov] ! *ildr54 ,b s9ce1         

fur!rmore1 %e has suff]$ m = !m1 ?us    
loves !m m & und]/&s !m bett]--& ?us1 z 
a rule1 n only does m = !m b also means 
m to !m--x is likewise j t1 :]eas ! "m  
n[ has to be satisfi$ ) :at p[] ! fa!r  
all[s h]1 ! conditions %\ld be rev]s$1 s
 t ! "m %\ld receive ! greate/ legal    
au?ority4  ,:5 ! husb& is n alone 9 be>+
 ! burd5 ( breadw9n]1 !re w be a        
possibility ( 8 duty z educator be+     
realis$4 ,he w !n h "t to develop 8     
qualities 9 ?is direction & ! gr[+ value
 ( 8 fa!rly c>e & fa!rly love w light5 =
 ! "m ! task ( education :i* at pres5t  
(t5 ov]:elms h]1 s9ce ) a gr[+          
consci\sness ( its responsibility ?is   
task is becom+ m & m difficult to p]=m )
 h] increas+ ne$ ( p]sonal fre$om (     
movem5t4  ,! "m & *ild w\ld1 !re=e1 n h 
to look exclusively to ! fa!r = !       
necess>ies ( life1 & !y c\ld n become   
entirely de/itute ?r\gh 8 incapacity or 
d[nfall4 ,b he w\ld1 nev]!less1 cont9ue 
to be> 8 half ( ! responsibility & !    
family w\ld /ill be dep5d5t on ! fa!r & 

8 volunt>y contributions = a great "p ( 
! pleasures ( life1 :ile he w\ld1       
moreov]1 be fre$ f ! (t5 unbe>able      
burd5s "u :i* 8 spiritual wor? z a fa!r 
& 8 family joys n[ suff] to s great a   
degree4 ,f> f its be+ ! case--z "o has  
he>d c]ta9 wom5 decl>e--t ! majority (  
m5 are no?+ b egoi/s1 c\ntless numb]s ( 
!m h borne & /ill be> burd5s ( slav]y1 n
 only = wife & *ildr5 b also = ! support
 ( o!r female relations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !
 prevail+ sy/em ( society has prompt$   
fa!rs /ill m to enslave !mselves 9 ord] 
to create an advantage\s position = _!  
*ildr54 ,! exi/+ rights & duties ( a    
fa!r /& 9 imm$iate connection ) ! "r (  
inh]itance1 "o ( ! greate/ dang]s ( our 
sy/em ( society4 ,= inh]itance (t5 keeps
 ineffici5cy 9 a lead+ position1 b      
effici5cy 9 a dep5d5t "o2 x fav\rs !    
possibility ( ! deg5]ate propagat+ !    
race1 above all if ! p>5ts h di$ e>ly1  
al?\gh--z x has be5 ass]t$--x is        
precisely su* *ildr5 t are ! lea/ apt to
 h (fspr+4 ,x is unfav\rable to ! *ances

 ( ! effici5t 9 ?is z 9 e o!r direction1
 :]e bir? 9 poor circum/ances involves  
h9drances to education & ! use ( p]sonal
 p[]s :i* weal? p]mits4 ,on ! o!r h&1   
pov]ty fav\rs natural tal5t1 9 s f> z x 
braces ! capabilities1 :ile x is (t5 "o 
( ! mis=tunes ( heirs n to exp]i5ce ?is 
incit+ & pleasurable t5sion4 ,x is only 
! /ronge/ or ! f9e/ natures t become    
/rong] & f9] ?r\gh ! advantages & ! s5se
 ( responsibility t inh]it$ weal? br+s )
 x4 ,9 ! ma91 ! productive s\rces (     
society w\ld be multipli$ upw>ds z well 
z d[nw>ds1 if weal? became p]sonal 9 !  
fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w1 dep5d+ on ea*       
p]son's contribution ( effici5t =ce1 b !
 goad ( acquisitiv5ess w\ld be brok51   
?r\gh ! limit$ possibility ( increas+   
"o's weal? & ! ne$lessness ( !reby      
secur+ ! exi/5ce ( "o's *ildr54 ,a new  
sy/em w\ld d away ) ! necessity ( apply+
 to ! /ate = increase ( sal>y = !       
education ( *ildr5 z befits _! class4 ,=
 if all *ildr5 7 plac$ 9 an equal       
position by ! community provid+         

ev]y?+--f s*ool mat]ials to travell+    
s*ol>%ips--= ! complete education ( !   
bodily & m5tal p[]s ( individuals1 an   
education 9 :i* a true circulation ( !  
classes w\ld take place by consid]ation 
be+ giv5 only to ability2 if ea* ?us _h 
! same position :5 all ent]$ ^u _!      
diff]5t c>e]s2 if ea* _h ! same *ances (
 !re atta9+ to ! "r use ( 8 special     
p[]s1 s9ce he _h _h e means ( tra9+ !m2 
if society gave--z a "r1 n z a *>ity--to
 e work] full c>e dur+ sickness & full  
support 9 old age1 !n ! desire to fav\r 
"o's own *ildr5 at ! co/ ( ! re/ w\ld   
disappe>4 ,! fa!r ^: activity _h procur$
 him a position ( p[]1 :i* dur+ 8       
lifetime made 8 *ildr5's circum/ances m 
fav\rable ?an ^? ( a numb] ( o!rs1 w\ld 
c]ta9ly ?us be able--& to ! advantage ( 
! :ole community--to all[ 8 *ildr5 to   
enjoy t diff]5tiation & ref9em5t :i*1 = 
in/ance1 ! ri*] culture ( _! home might 
give4 ,b :5 ! "r ( inh]itance           
disappe>$--or at lea/ 0 greatly limit$ &
 heavily tax$--he c\ld n exempt !m f    

p]man5tly secur+ by ! ex]cise ( _! own  
p[]s ! advantages ( a high] or l[] k9d t
 !y _h le>n$ to value at home4  ,:5 !   
diff]5ce betwe5 legitimate &            
illegitimate *ildr5 is aboli%$ 9 e      
respect1 ! pat]nal home1 z 9 classical &
 ,sc&9avian antiquity1 may include m (t5
 ?an at pres5t ! *ildr5 ( m ?an "o liv+ 
"m2 sometimes ev5 a "m's home may       
include *ildr5 ( m ?an "o liv+ fa!r4 ,9 
ei!r case ?is w\ld be a recognition ( ! 
*ildr5's rights :i* w\ld leave pres5t   
day cu/oms ) respect to *ildr5 born out 
( w$lock a long way beh9d4   ,no        
relation %[s bett] ?an m>riage h[ morals
 & emotions may be c5turies 9 advance ( 
! laws )9 ^: limits !y h be5 develop$4  
,_m m5 n[ %[ _! wives a delicacy ( feel+
 & all[ !m a fre$om ( action :i* r5d] ^!
 =tunate wives unconsci\s ( ! fact t--9 
! eyes ( ! law--!y possess ^! only by ! 
grace ( _! husb&s4 ,x is n until        
relations become unhappy t ! wife       
discov]s t all ! legal p[] is plac$ 9 ! 
h&s ( "o1 :o ?us has judicial support if

 he wi%es to use 8 p[] alone1 to !      
exclusion ( 8 wife1 or if he wi%es to   
misuse x1 to ! detrim5t ( h] & ! *ildr54
  ,t1 9 spite ( ^! circum/ances1 m>ri$  
m5 s (t5 volunt>ily place !mselves 9 a  
position ( equality ) _! wives 9 reg>d  
to au?ority 9 ! home & ) ! *ildr5 is !  
be/ pro( ( ! p[] ( ! feel+s to protect  
ess5tial values4 ,& t m51 9 spite ( ^!  
m>riage laws1 h become m & m consid]ate1
 r$\nds z mu* to _! cr$it z _! success 9
 becom+ human be+s--9 spite ( all       
h9drances--r$\nds to t ( royal          
p]sonages4 ,j z ! latt] h m excuse ?an  
o!rs :5 !y abuse _! position1 s ! same  
is true ( ! husb&1 :o mu/ be a v        
fair-m9d$ p]son if an ,i w is n to be ! 
conclusion ( a diff]5ce ( op9ion betwe5 
himself & 8 wife2 = n ev5 ! t5d]e/ love 
w h9d] ! s5se ( ma/]y f fl>+ up 9 ! face
 ( h] ob/9ate resi/ance 9 "o direction  
or ano!r4  ,to ! majority ( m51 h[ev]--&
 ?is is ! m ! case ! l[] !y are 9 o!r   
respects--! pres5t m>riage law /ill =ms 
! great h9drance 9 ! way ( _! developm5t

 to a high] humanity4 ,to h wife & *ild 
9 8 p[] makes ( ! wick$ man a tortur]1 (
 ! l[-m9d$ a wret*4 ,!re is no          
exagg]ation 9 ,/u>t ,mill's words1 t s  
long z ! family is bas$ ^u laws :i* are 
at v>iance ) ! fir/ pr9ciples ( social  
life 9 o!r ?+s1 ! law w be fav\r+ :at   
education & civilisation are c\nt]act+ 9
 o!r sph]es1 namely1 ! "r ( =ce in/ead (
 t ( p]sonality4 ,ev]y:]e--9 morals z 9 
politics--x is n[ held t n :at a man    
becomes ?r\gh be+ born 9 a c]ta9 sex or 
class1 b :at he is p]sonally wor?       
det]m9es ! respect he %\ld enjoy2 t only
 8 conduct & m]its c be ! s\rce ( 8 p[] 
& au?ority4 ,b m>riage rev]ses ! :ole ( 
?is pr9ciple ( mod]n con/itutional law  
&1 !re=e1 ! social application ( !      
pr9ciple ( p]sonality has n yet gone    
beyond ! surface4  ,t ! law cont9ues to 
sanction :at reality has begun to       
trans=m is1 z we h said1 ( comp>atively 
little weight1 s9ce ! law is--9 ! bett] 
s5se ( ! words--a dead lett]4 ,b !      
imm$iate dang] to ! individual & !      

indirect dang] to society become great] 
9 proportion z ! possessor ( uncontroll$
 p[] is worse1 or ! life less ideal 9   
:i* ?is au?ority is decisive4 ,& ev5 :5 
circum/ances are fav\rable1 ! au?ority (
 ! husb& is ! m pa9ful to ! mod]n woman 
9 proportion z %e is m consci\s ( be+   
able to atta9 only ?r\gh p]fect equality
 a satisfactory co-op]ation ) h] husb& 9
 e direction4 ,x is ?is pr(\nd vexation 
( ! mod]n woman ) h] dep5d5ce :i*1      
among/ o!r ?+s1 makes _m wom51 ev5 :5 !y
 d n ne$ x1 wi% to rema9 at lea/        
self-support+ aft] m>riage4  ,! lab\r   
m>ket has hi!rto fav\r$ ?is desire (    
!irs4 ,x c1 h[ev]1 only be a "q ( "t :5 
! unm>ri$ wom5 w beg9 to ?ru/ out !     
m>ri$ ones--ow+ to ! conditions (       
competition be+ m fav\rable to ! =m]--:5
 legislation has begun to deal ) !      
pres5t disproportionate /ate ( ?+s1 :]e 
! wives l[] ! wages ( ! husb&s1 ! *ildr5
 ^? ( ! p>5ts1 & ! result is ! neglect (
 ! homes & ! physical & moral deg5]ation
 ( ! *ildr54  ,b :5 m>ri$ wom5's lab\r  

has be5 limit$ by legal 8protection =   
mo!rs0--especially if ?is takes ! =m    
propos$ above--& :51 fur!r1 ! m>ri$ & ! 
unm>ri$ are protect$ by ! fix+ ( a      
m9imum wage1 an eight h\rs' day1 &      
prohibition ( work+ at night & 9 c]ta9  
indu/ries dang]\s to heal?1 !n ! mo!rs w
 /ill be able--:5 _! *ildr5 h pass$ !   
age ( infancy--to take "p 9 sev]al      
occupations4 ,?is w be /ill m ! case if 
a collective sy/em ( dwell+s sets !m    
free f ! "w ( ! kit*5 & r5d]s possible a
 good collective sup]9t5d5ce ( ! *ildr5 
:ile _! mo!rs are abs5t4  ,b ! be/ ?+ = 
! *ildr5--especially if by ! prohibition
 ( home "w !y 7 rescu$ f e>n+ a         
livelihood to ! advantage ( _! s*ool &  
home life--w\ld be ! lib]ation ( m>ri$  
wom5 f outside lab\r ?r\gh ! high] wages
 ( _! husb&s1 :ile 9 return _! home "w  
w\ld acquire ! "* ( spiritual c>e4 ,?is 
w\ld be br\ght ab\t 9 ! fulle/ s5se by !
 mo!rs be+ all[$ ! above-m5tion$ subsidy
 f ! community = br++ up ! *ildr54 ,9   
su* an arrangem5t1 approv$ by !         

community1 ! majority might f9d t       
agreem5t betwe5 _! occupation & _! p[]s 
:i* con/itutes ! true joy ( "w4 ,= x c  
sc>cely be d\bt$ t ev5 n[ ! wife1 z a   
rule1 f9ds m employm5t 9 h] home "w1    
h[ev] heavy1 = h] special tal5ts1 & ?us 
f9ds a great] satisfaction ?an ! husb&1 
:o (t5 slaves1 n at ! "w he has *os51 b 
at t he has be5 able to obta94  ,b :at1 
9 spite ( ?is1 n[ makes wom5 m & m      
unwill+ to und]take ! duties ( ! home & 
to pref] outside "w1 is t !y c>ry out _!
 dome/ic "w "u conditions d]ogatory to  
!mselves4  ,fir/ & =emo/1 wom5 are      
det]m9$ to enjoy ! facilities 9 _!      
dome/ic "w :i* "h & !re are already     
beg9n+ to be provid$4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 w     
probably n become g5]al until wom5 make 
m use ( _! capacity = ?9k+ out ! mo/    
conv5i5t & agreeable me?ods1 bo? =      
lab\r-sav+ co-op]ation & = ! p]=mance ( 
dome/ic duties1 :i* w 9 any case always 
rema92 & ?is aga9 necessitates _!       
educat+ !mselves to a real k ( !        
que/ions ( consumption & o!r details (  

mod]n h\sehold managem5t4 ,?is w be ! m 
necess>y z ! s]vant problem )9 a %ort "t
 w h rea*$ t po9t at :i* wom5 ( all     
classes w h to *oose betwe5 do+ ! "w    
!mselves & ! complete dissolution ( !   
home4 ,woman's dome/ic "w & ! c>e (     
*ildr5 w be facilitat$ = all wom5 only 9
 s f> z ! educat$ agree 9 mak+ new &    
high] dem&s 9 ! matt] ( dome/ic         
arrangem5ts z well z 9 practical &      
ornam5tal appliances4 ,!y w\ld ?us n    
only fur!r _! own "w1 b also evoke a    
high] culture z reg>ds beauty &         
appropriat5ess1 bo? 9 ar*itecture &     
indu/ry4  ,b ?is is n en\gh to enable   
dome/ic "w to rega9 its dignity4  ,?is w
 n take place until society %[s su*     
appreciation ( woman's dome/ic "w z %all
 remove h] pres5t s5se ( be+ kept by h] 
husb& to p]=m a subord9ate "w1 a "w :i* 
does n receive ! appreciation :i* at !  
pres5t "t has become ! absolute /&>d ( !
 economical value ( lab\r1 t ( a money  
wage4  ,! exi/+ in/itution ( m>riage    
came into be+ :5 woman _h no real field 

( employm5t outside ! home1 s9ce its    
income 0 = ! mo/ "p receiv$ 9 k9d1 & !  
wife 0 ?us indisp5sable = turn+ x to    
acc\nt4 ,h] dome/ic activity 0 ( great  
value f ! po9t ( view ( national        
economy1 & "u ^! circum/ances ! jo9t    
e/ate 0 natural4 ,fur!rmore1 ! mi/ress (
 ! h\se possess$ at ?is "t--z manag] ( !
 consumption ( ! commodities %e _h      
prep>$ f raw mat]ials--a fre$om ( action
 & an au?ority :i* %e n[ q naturally    
lacks 9 h] own eyes & ^? ( h] husb&4 ,x 
is ( no avail t %e has a legal "r to be 
support$ by h] husb& accord+ to 8       
position & circum/ances2 = if h] task   
frequ5tly consi/s simply 9 ask+ h] husb&
 = money & keep+ an acc\nt ( its        
exp5diture ?r\gh ! cook & ! ne$lewoman1 
%e has reason to feel h]self kept 9 a   
humiliat+ way4 ,nei!r indirectly nor    
directly is x ?r\gh h] "w t ! food comes
 to ! table or ! clo!s are fitt$ to !   
body1 s9ce ! husb& alone e>ns ! means   
:]e) %e--effici5tly or o!rwise--keeps   
h\se4  ,= ?is reason wives are becom+   

increas+ly desir\s ( p]sonally e>n+ a   
livelihood4 ,!y see h[ _! husb&s are    
develop$ ?r\gh devotion to a pr(ession1 
?r\gh ! pati5ce1 ! accumulation1 &      
t5sion ( =ces :i* ?is dem&s4 ,& only    
pr(essional tra9+1 9 ! op9ion ( mod]n   
woman1 c give h] ! same en]gy1 only a   
direct income c give h] ! same c]ta9ty (
 h] fitness = "w4  ,b !re is ano!r      
exp$i5t :i* w\ld af=d ^! advantages )\t1
 h[ev]1 driv+ wom5 away f home1 namely1 
t _! special tra9+ =1 & _! "w 91 ! field
 ( h\sekeep+ & ! c>e ( *ildr5 %\ld be z 
s]i\s z 9 any o!r occupation4 ,n until  
%e has a s5se ( ! new value ( h] dome/ic
 "w w ! wife be able to dem& t x %all be
 economically e/imat$ l any o!r effici5t
 "w4  ,:5 wives speak ( ! humiliation ( 
be+ kept by _! husb&s--s9ce !y h m & m  
frequ5tly be5 self-support+ be=e        
m>riage--_! husb&s always become        
pr(\ndly ideali/ic4 ,!y use f9e words   
ab\t ! wife's important mission1 !      
adapt+ p[] ( love1 until "o asks "s     
p>ticul> man3 :e!r any love c\ld make x 

pleasant = him1 in/ead ( draw+ 8 own    
income1 to be oblig$ to ask 8 wife = :at
 %e consid]$ necess>y = _! jo9t         
exp5diture or = 8 own4 ,9 spite ( !     
consci\sness ( hav+ h]self br\ght weal?1
 or 9 spite ( ! k ( con/antly mak+      
important contributions ( "w 9 ! home1 !
 necessity ( ask+ = money is ! wife's   
unbe>able torm5t4 ,= ! husb& 9 8 he>t   
has (t5 ! same feel+ z %e2 t "w n[adays 
means e>n+ money outside1 s9ce !        
managem5t ( an income--9 spite ( its    
imm5se importance to ! /r5g?1 heal?1 &  
com=t ( ! work]s & ?us indirectly to !  
:ole national economy--is m & m         
ov]look$4 ,9 "p ?is idea ( ! husb& is   
due to ! v fact t wom5 h n acquir$ ! new
 k9d ( dome/icity :i* is necess>y = !   
effici5t conduct ( exp5diture1 & t !    
husb& is1 !re=e1 (t5 "r 9 ?9k+ t 8 wife 
nei!r works nor saves1 b only wa/es4    
,h[ev] t\*+ly ideali/ic a girl may be 9 
?is "q be=e m>riage2 h[ev] confid+ly %e 
all[s h] husb& to h&le h] =tune1 aft] a 
few ye>s ( m>ri$ life exp]i5ce w turn h]

 into a complete reali/4 ,h[ev] happy %e
 has o!rwise be51 %e w1 nev]!less1      
rememb] m ?an "o occasion :5 %e has     
bitt]ly regrett$ ! abs5ce ( ! fre$om (  
action a sep>ate income gives2 :51 =    
in/ance1 h] husb& has refus$ to all[ h] 
to use--= "s ideal purpose or o!r--!    
means :i* 9 _m cases %e h]self br\ght   
him1 & h[ p]haps ?is = ! fir/ "t really 
made a division betwe5 !m4  ,! dep5d5ce 
( woman c only be aboli%$ ?r\gh !       
economic appreciation ( h] dome/ic "w4  
,?is appreciation is an easy matt] :5 %e
 has left a sal>i$ employm5t = h]       
dome/ic duties1 = ! p]=mance ( ! latt]  
mu/ be reg>d$ z wor? at lea/ z mu* z h] 
occupation =m]ly br\ght h]4 ,:]e !re is 
no su* measure ( value1 %e ought to     
receive ! same am\nt z a /rang] 9       
correspond+ circum/ances w\ld receive 9 
sal>y & co/ ( keep4  ,! wife w\ld ?us be
 able to meet h] p]sonal exp5diture1 h] 
%>e 9 ! jo9t h\sekeep+ & 9 ! ma9t5ance (
 ! *ildr51 :5 ! subsidy = ?is purpose   
came to an end b ! c\ple 7 agre$ t !    

wife's "w at home 0 ( su* value t %e    
ought r to cont9ue x ?an to try to e>n  
money outside4  ,! c>ry+ out ( ?is      
arrangem5t ne$ n cause any dislocation (
 exi/+ conditions4 ,! wife w\ld cont9ue 
to manage ! dome/ic funds to :i* ea*    
w\ld contribute accord+ to agreem5t1 b  
%e w\ld probably be bett] able to solve 
! problem ( mak+ !m suffice = _! jo9t   
exp5ses4 ,%e w\ld be p]fectly free to   
=ego h] all[ance1 z h] husb& w\ld be to 
increase x accord+ to ne$ & ability4 ,! 
direct economical appreciation ( h]     
dome/ic "w w\ld trans=m h] own & h]     
husb&'s respect = x & ?us give wives1 on
 ! "o h&1 a s5se ( indep5d5ce :i* ev5 ! 
consci5ti\s are n[ )\t1 on ! o!r1 a s5se
 ( duty :i* 9 ! case ( ! less           
consci5ti\s is d\btless 9 ne$ ( /r5g!n+2
 = ! exi/+ arrangem5t fav\rs n only     
dome/ic tyranny on ! "p ( ! husb&s1 b   
also ineffici5cy on ! "p ( c]ta9 wives4 
,b ! fact t a small numb] ( wom5 ( !    
upp] class n[ d no "w at all 9 ! home1  
or t a numb] ( o!rs d x badly1 mu/ n    

obscure ! tru? t innum]able wom5 are    
con/antly exp5d+ 9 _! homes great sums (
 work+ p[]1 )\t be+ able legally to     
claim any correspond+ income ( _! own4  
,?is applies n only to ! wives b also to
 ! daught]s ( ! h\se1 :o (t5 "w f morn+ 
till night1 b are nev]!less oblig$ to   
accept z gifts f _! p>5ts all t !y      
p]sonally ne$1 & ?us also h to d )\t    
any?+ t _! p>5ts consid] unnecess>y4 ,! 
same is true ( ! wife 9 relation to h]  
husb&4 ,:5 unm>ri$--:e!r %e 0 9 private 
or public s]vice1 a factory h& or a     
cl]k--%e _h ! *ance ( 9 "s measure      
provid+ = h] own int]e/s4 ,:5 m>ri$1 e  
pres5t %e gives1 e contribution %e makes
 = a public purpose1 e book %e buys1 e  
amusem5t %e all[s h]self1 has to be tak5
 f h] husb&'s money4 ,! wife :o1 9 a    
f>m]'s home p]haps1 saves ?\s&s--bo? by 
economy & by ! direct contribution ( h] 
lab\r--frequ5tly has n a silv] piece at 
h] disposal4  ,?is dep5d5ce1 z we h     
said1 n[ drives wives & daught]s f _!   
homes to e>n a livelihood1 :i* (t5 does 

n by any means comp5sate economically = 
! loss ( _! "w at home4 ,b !y simply _c 
endure to be )\t ! p]sonal income1 :i*  
to !m has become a m & m important      
value1 accord+ z _! g5]al fre$om (      
movem5t & _! ne$s 9 o!r directions h    
increas$--above all1 ?r\gh increase (   
education & social int]e/s4  ,woman's   
pres5t unpaid position 9 dome/ic "w is  
an obsolete survival f e>li] conditions 
( h\sekeep+ & production1 z f !         
ecclesia/ical doctr9e t woman 0 creat$  
to be man's helpmate & he to be h] head4
 ,wom5 h ?us (t5 receiv$ worse heads ?an
 nature gave !m--& !reby man has _h less
 valuable help ?an life int5d$ = him4   
,n until an incorruptible realism       
e/abli%es ! pr9ciple )9 ! family z      
else:]e1 t ea* reta9s 8 own head & t e  
lab\r] is wor?y ( 8 hire1 w idealism f9d
 !re a full field = un=c$ g5]osity 9 !  
free w ( mutual help4  ,:ile :at is said
 above applies to all wom5 :o wi% to "w 
at home1 x ne$ n apply to ^? :o are able
 ?r\gh ! =tune !y br\ght ) !m to meet _!

 h\sehold exp5ses & ^? ( ! *ildr5 & :o  
wi% 9 return to be free f ! tr\ble (    
dome/ic "w4  ,e attempt at m$iation 9 ! 
"q ( m>ri$ wom5's prop]ty--su* z an     
obligatory m>riage settlem5t & simil>   
proposals--only introduces endless      
complications4 ,x w be simple & cle>    
only :5--z 9 ,russia ev5 f ! "t (       
,ca!r9e ,,ii--! woman simply reta9s h]  
=tune4 ,! law ought to express ! great  
pr9ciple1 t ei!r p>ty owns :at is 8 or  
h]s1 :ile ^?1 on ! o!r h&1 :o desire to 
introduce ano!r arrangem5t1 mu/ decide  
by contract h[ mu* ( ! prop]ty is to be 
held jo9tly4  ,only a sep>ation (       
prop]ty c>ri$ out z a pr9ciple w be able
 to =m ! new & cle> ideas ( ju/ice t !  
pres5t "t dem&s4 ,a sep>ate e/ate places
 two individuals side by side1 co-op]at+
 ) ! fre$om t is enjoy$ by a bro!r &    
si/] or two fri5ds4 ,bo? p>ties reta9   
full "r ( decision & full               
responsibility4 ,ei!r leaves            
transactions to ! o!r only 9 t degree t 
! o!r's qualities h won 8 confid5ce4    

,bo? %[ ea* o!r mutual consid]ation 9 ! 
plann+ ( jo9t und]tak+s & nei!r c be    
drawn into su* )\t a p]sonal exam9ation4
 ,! rights ( a ?ird p>ty are1 9 ^!      
circum/ances1 equally well protect$ z :5
 bro!rs & si/]s or fri5ds "w or live    
toge!r4 ,= ! mutual transactions ( m>ri$
 p mu/ to ?is end h ! same publicity z  
all o!r simil> transactions betwe5      
bus9ess p>tn]s4   ,n only z reg>ds h]   
prop]ty1 b also 9 h] full civil rights &
 ! disposition ( h] p]son1 ! m>ri$ woman
 mu/ be plac$ on an equal foot+ ) !     
unm>ri$4 ,x is true t ! law is n s      
fav\rable z _m p believe to 8conjugal   
rights40 ,b ?is belief has surviv$ =    
c5turies & 9 turn influ5ces morals2     
moreov]1 x is n )\t a c]ta9 legal       
support1 9 case su* a "q is br\ght into 
c\rt4 ,z a rule1 ( c\rse1 ?is does n    
happ51 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! idea (         
legality--:i* is fur!r enc\rag$ by !    
,bible--influ5ces ! husb&'s s5se ( "r & 
! wife's s5se ( duty4 ,s long z ! law   
ma9ta9s ev5 a %ad[ ( 8rights0 9 t       

relation :i* ought to be ! mo/ volunt>y 
( all1 x involves a gross violation (   
love's fre$om4  ,?is--l all o!r obsolete
 laws--is mean+less to ! erotically     
ref9$1 :o live above ! law's /&po9t4 ,b 
! l[] ! level1 ! m c]ta9ly does ! husb& 
en=ce 8 8"r0 "u circum/ances ! mo/      
repulsive or mo/ dang]\s to ! wife1 j   
z--contr>y to 8 pres5t "r--he extorts f 
h] ! e>n+s ( h] lab\r4  ,no law w be    
able to h9d] ! wife f cont9u+ volunt>ily
 to all[ h] husb& to violate h] p]son1  
squ&] h] prop]ty1 or ru9 h] *ildr52 = ! 
law _c seal up ! s\rces ( weakness &    
conflict :i* arise f ! human be+'s own  
nature4  ,b :at we h a "r to dem& ( !   
m>riage law is t x %all cease itself to 
ext5d ^! s\rces4  ,! law mu/ be s       
contriv$ t x leaves to happ9ess !       
greate/ possible fre$om = its own       
=mative p[]1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 x limits
 z f> z possible ! consequ5ces (        
unhapp9ess2 & ?is c be br\ght ab\t only 
by ea* p>ty's complete indep5d5ce ( !   
o!r4  ,x is1 !re=e1 n suffici5t t !     

husb&'s gu>dian%ip & ! wife's legal     
incapacity %\ld cease4 ,e provision also
 :i* has = its object to b9d ! wife by  
h] husb&'s condition & circum/ances mu/ 
be revok$4  ,! majority ( m5 n[ *]i% !  
belief t a wife :o leaves h] husb&'s    
h\se c be br\ght back ) ! aid ( ! law4  
,?is is1 d\btless1 a mi/ake4 ,b ev5 if !
 lett] ( ! law 9 ?is case also is bett] 
?an ! popul> idea ( x1 ! :ole _s ( !    
law1 nev]!less1 entails ! obligation (  
m>ri$ p to live toge!r4  ,! m p]sonality
 is develop$1 h[ev]1 ! m unc]ta9 x      
becomes t e p]son's erotic ne$s are     
answ]$ by ?is arrangem5t4 ,!re are1 on !
 contr>y1 su* natures z w\ld h lov$ =   
life1 if !y _h n1 day aft] day1 ye> aft]
 ye>1 be5 =c$ to adapt _! wills1 _!     
habits1 & _! op9ions to "o ano!r4 ,nay1 
_m mis=tunes dep5d ^u pure trifles1 :i* 
two p ) c\rage & =esight might easily h 
dealt )1 if ! in/9ct ( happ9ess _h n be5
 sil5c$ by consid]ation = conv5tion4 ,! 
m a woman has enjoy$ p]sonal lib]ty be=e
 m>riage1 ! less %e c endure n to h a   

mom5t or a corn] 9 h] home :i* %e c call
 h] own4 ,& ! m ! p ( ! pres5t day      
enl>ge _! individual fre$om ( movem5t1  
_! ne$ ( solitude 9 o!r respects1 ! m w 
bo? man & woman enl>ge !m 9 m>riage4  ,b
 ev5 if ^? desir+ solitude rema9 9 !    
m9ority1 !y mu/ /ill be grant$ bo? by ! 
law & by public op9ion full lib]ty to   
%ape _! m>ri$ life accord+ to _! own    
requirem5ts4  ,conv5tionality & m5tal   
in]tness pron\nce ?is unhe>d-(1 ev5     
immoral4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is reg>d$ z    
equally natural & moral t ! majority (  
sailors & comm]cial travell]s %\ld live 
= ! great] "p ( ! ye> ap>t f _! wives2 t
 j\rneys = sci5tific or arti/ic purposes
 %\ld sep>ate m>ri$ p = ye>s1 or t--9   
exceptional cases--"o ( !m1 = in/ance1  
%\ld sp5d ! w9t]s z a gymna/ 9 ,engl&   
:ile ! o!r is a tea*] 9 ,sw$54  ,all ^! 
?+s1 x is ?\ght1 are no?+ b ext]nal     
necessities4 ,& to ^! "o always submits6
 ,ought we n1 nev]!less1 to f9d room = !
 ?\ght t !re may also be necessities ( !
 s\l8  ,our "t1 = in/ance1 t5ds m & m to

 br+ toge!r arti/s :o "w at diff]5t1 or1
 /ill m (t51 at ! same art4 ,! n]ves (  
bo? are worn 9 ! same way2 bo? ne$ !    
same fre$om ( movem5t & ! same undi/urb$
 quiet4 ,b 9 ! claims ( ev]yday life =  
mutual sympa?y & mutual consid]ation1   
ne>ly all _! spiritual en]gy is us$ up4 
,!y see t1 if !y are n to consume "o    
ano!r's m5tal res\rces1 !y mu/ adopt a  
sy/em ( spiritual sep>ation1 :i* is     
possible only at a c]ta9 di/ance4 ,!    
holiday happ9ess ( ^! natures may be    
raptur\s1 ! sympa!tic union ( _! s\ls   
ri*] ?an any o!rs4 ,b ea* feels = ! o!r 
:at is express$ by "o ( ,%akespe>e's    
joy\s "y wom51 :5 %e calls a suitor 8too
 co/ly = e day's we>40 ,ea* is tempt$ at
 times to exclaim1 l ano!r "y woman 9 a 
mod]n book3 8,i want to be able to say1 
let me n[ = ?ree weeks be altoge!r free 
f lov+ y0--s9ce ea* kn[s t ?is fre$om   
w\ld only r5ew ! feel+4 ,b n[ m>ri$ p   
are b\nd by cu/om to a common life1 :i* 
(t5 ends 9 _! sep>at+ = ev]1 simply     
because conv5tional consid]ations       

prev5t$ _! liv+ ap>t4  ,natures ( o!r   
types may also feel ! con/ra9t ( n>r[   
dep5d5ce1 en=c$ association1 ! daily    
accommodations & con/ant consid]ations4 
,m p ought1 !re=e1 quietly to beg9 re=m+
 matrimonial cu/oms1 s t !y may m ne>ly 
correspond to ! ne$ ( r5ewal j allud$   
to4 ,let ea*1 = in/ance1 travel         
sep>ately1 if he or %e feels ! desire ( 
solitude2 let "o visit by himself !     
ent]ta9m5t ! o!r does n c>e =1 b =m]ly  
ei!r =c$ h]self to1 or kept ! o!r f     
visit+4 ,m & m m>ri$ p h sep>ate        
b$rooms4 ,& 9 ano!r g5]ation p]haps     
sep>ate dwell+s w h ceas$ to attract    
att5tion4  ,companion%ip on week-days z 
on holidays1 co-op]ation 9 !            
satisfaction ( ev]yday claims z well z (
 life's highe/ purposes1 w1 nev]!less1  
cont9ue to be ! =m ( m>ri$ life *os5 by 
! majority1 ev5 :5 public op9ion has    
left room = o!r sy/ems ( liv+4 ,b full  
fre$om = ! latt] w n be won till ! law  
ceases to place any limit to !          
self-det]m9ation ( ea* p>tn] 9 m>riage4 

,ano!r matt] t ought to be left to      
p]sonal decision is ! degree ( publicity
 t is to be giv5 to a matrimonial union4
 ,an o!rwise cons]vative fa!r ( a family
 once put =w>d ! weighty reasons :i*    
might be 9 fav\r ( keep+ secret a       
m>riage t 01 nev]!less1 int5d$ to be    
fully legal4 ,among/ ! reasons :i* n[   
frequ5tly cause ! po/ponem5t ( a m>riage
 are1 = in/ance1 ! necessity ( complet+ 
/udies1 or reluctance to ha/51 ?r\gh    
sorr[1 ! dea? ( p>5ts or o!rs4 ,!       
possibility ( n hav+ to publi% ! union 9
 ^! or simil> cases w\ld sp>e ! lov]s   
unnecess>y wait+ )\t 9 any way encroa*+ 
on ! rights ( o!rs4  ,fur!r1 to p]sonal 
det]m9ation belong n only free divorce b
 also new =ms ( divorce4 ,z divorce     
itself has be5 treat$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 we 
w speak "h only ( ! me?od ( x4 ,! wife's
 infidelity1 z well z ! husb&'s "r to   
refuse divorce1 at pres5t frequ5tly     
af=ds an opportunity = blackmail on ! "p
 ( ! husb& f 8 wife1 :o1 9 ! latt] case1
 has to buy h] fre$om1 & 9 bo? cases (t5

 has to buy p]mission to keep h] *ildr54
 ,! husb&1 too1 may be expos$ to        
blackmail+ by a wife :o refuses divorce 
or :o c prove 8 infidelity & tries to   
take f him ! *ildr51 :om he kn[s to be  
expos$ to corruption 9 h] h&s4 ,b1 s9ce 
society & nature fav\r ! man's          
infidelity1 :ile bo? are aga9/ t ( !    
woman1 x is 9 ! nature ( ! case t ! wife
 (t5 has difficulty 9 prov+ ! husb&'s   
infidelity1 :ile he c prove h]s easily4 
,8 repeat$ acts ( unfai?fulness h1      
p]haps1 be5 ! cause ( h] s+le "o4 ,b x  
is1 nev]!less1 he--s9ce !re is no valid 
evid5ce aga9/ him--:o has ! *ildr5      
assign$ to him1 or1 x may be1 sells !m  
to 8 wife4  ,! same applies to divorce  
on acc\nt ( 8hatr$ & ill-w40 ,be=e a    
c\rt :i* _c te/ ! reasons t h mo/       
spiritual weight1 b only ! evid5ce t has
 mo/ to say1 all ! details ( m>ri$ life 
h to be dragg$ =?1 all its w\nds        
inspect$4 ,! evid5ce :i*1 z a rule1 is  
decisive is t ( s]vants6 ,! pr(\nde/    
spiritual conc]ns ( educat$ p are ?us   

made to dep5d ^u ! op9ion ( un$ucat$    
p]sons on all ! complicat$ circum/ances 
( an unhappy m>riage4 ,& n only ?is3 !  
result 9 mo/ cases is det]m9$ by !      
indelicacy ) :i* ! husb& & wife h drawn 
_! s]vants & _! acqua9tances into !     
conflict4 ,if husb& or wife has summon$ 
! s]vants to witness viol5t behavi\r1 !n
 t p>ty is 9 a mu* bett] position 9 an  
action = divorce ?an ! "o :o has s\ght  
to ! utmo/ to pres]ve ! dignity ( _!    
m>riage4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 "s suff]+s (
 :i* no pro( c be produc$4 ,su*1 =      
in/ance1 is misuse ( 8conjugal rights02 
ano!r is ! p[] ( ei!r p>ty1 "u =ms (    
outw>d polit5ess1 to make life entirely 
wor?less to ! o!r2 a ?ird1 ! con/ant    
opposition ( two conflict+ views ( life4
  ,x is only 9 ! case ( ! grosse/ & mo/ 
palpable evils t x is n[ possible to    
furni% ! necess>y evid5ce )\t su*       
difficulties z--bo? 9 ! grant+ ( divorce
 & 9 ! disposal ( ! *ildr5--may give    
rise to ! grosse/ inju/ice4 ,& all ?is  
is only a "p ( ! humiliations & suff]+s 

:i* n[--especially = ! wife--att5d a    
divorce4 ,f9ally1 an action = divorce is
 suffici5tly exp5sive to r5d] x on ?is  
acc\nt alone a matt] ( great difficulty 
= _m p 9 poor circum/ances to obta9     
ju/ice4  ,su* a sy/em ( divorce--:i*    
makes ei!r p>tn] dep5d5t on ! wor/      
qualities ( ! o!r2 :i* calls =? all t is
 indelicate 9 ! nature ( bo?2 :i* drags 
_! weaknesses & suff]+s be=e ! eyes (   
/rang]s1 & :i*1 nev]!less1 provides no  
real protection = ! *ildr5--su* a sy/em 
ought to give no ?\ghtful p]son peace   
until its degrad+ & det]iorat+ influ5ce 
is aboli%$ & a new sy/em1 :i* %all      
protect bo? p]sonal dignity & ! *ildr51 
introduc$4   ,9 look+ back ^u ! prec$+1 
x w\ld seem to result cle>ly t no?+ t   
has be5 said "h contemplates !          
e/abli%m5t ( a s+le =m--recognis$ z !   
only moral "o--= sexual life4 ,b s9ce   
only ! fixity possess$ by ! law is      
capable ( trans=m+ 9 a pr(\nd & p]man5t 
mann] ! feel+s & cu/oms ( ! majority1   
!re is ne$1 = ! pres5t1 ( a new law to  

support ! gr[? ( ! high] feel+s :i* w   
f9ally r5d] any m>riage law unnecess>y4 
,9 connection ) ! c\rse ( developm5t (  
sexual morality x 0 po9t$ out t !       
ecclesia/ical & legal e/abli%m5t ( !    
ideal ( monogamy z ! only =m ( sexual   
morality has _h = its result !          
unconditional acquiesc5ce 9 ! idea t !  
claims ( evolution are 9 complete       
agreem5t ) exi/+ laws & cu/oms2 ) !     
fur!r result t we are n[--?r\gh ! want (
 a recognis$ "r to manifold             
exp]i5ce--almo/ 9 ! same position (     
ignorance z to ! =m ( sexual morality   
mo/ fav\rable to ! developm5t ( ! race1 
z we 7 a ?\s& ye>s ago1 & t1 !re=e1 !   
vital ne$s ( ! race z well z !          
individual's dem&s ( happ9ess speak = a 
m ext5d$ "r to su* exp]i5ces4  ,no "o   
kn[s :e!r1 at ! end ( ! new pa?s1 we    
%all n aga9 be confront$ by ! riddle ( !
 sph9x3 h[ ! p>5ts are to avoid be+     
sacrific$ = ! *ildr5 or ! *ildr5 = !    
p>5ts4 ,! "o ?+ c]ta9 is t on ! pa? we h
 hi!rto foll[$ we h arriv$ at ! sph9x4  

,& all ^? :o h be5 torn to pieces at its
 feet are witnesses t on ?is pa? mank9d 
did n arrive at ! solution ( ! riddle4  
,! po9t ( view :i* has "h1 ?r\gh\t1 be5 
! lead+ "o is1 t 9 ! same degree z life 
itself becomes ! mean+ ( life human be+s
 w also 9 all _! s5sations & all _!     
und]tak+s become m & m consci\s ( reg>d 
= ! race4 ,x is ?us only a "q ( "t :5 ! 
respect ( society = a sexual union %all 
n dep5d ^u ! =m ( cohabitation t makes a
 c\ple ( human be+s become p>5ts1 b only
 ^u ! value ( ! *ildr5 !y ?us create z  
new l9ks 9 ! *a9 ( g5]ations4 ,m5 & wom5
 w !n d$icate to _! m5tal & bodily      
fitness = ! mission ( ! race ! same     
religi\s e>ne/ness t ,*ri/ians devote to
 ! salvation ( _! s\ls4 ,in/ead ( div9e 
codes ( ! morality ( sexual relations1 !
 desire (1 & responsibility =1 !        
enhancem5t ( ! race w be ! support (    
morals4 ,b ! k ( ! p>5ts t ! mean+ (    
life is also 9 _! own lives1 t !y ?us d 
n exi/ solely = ! sake ( _! *ildr51 may 
lib]ate !m f o!r duties ( consci5ce :i* 

at pres5t b9d !m 9 respect ( ! *ildr51  
above all t ( keep+ up a union 9 :i* !y 
!mselves p]i%4 ,! home may !n m ?an at  
pres5t be synonym\s ) ! "m1 :i*--f> f   
exclud+ ! fa!r--conta9s ! g]m ( a new & 
high] 8"r ( ! family40  ,:5 e life is   
reg>d$ z an end 9 itself f ! po9t ( view
 t x c nev] be liv$ aga92 t x mu/1      
!re=e1 be liv$ z completely & greatly z 
possible2 :5 e p]sonality is valu$ z an 
asset 9 life t has nev] exi/$ be=e & w  
nev] occur aga91 !n also ! erotic       
happ9ess or unhapp9ess ( a human be+ w  
be treat$ z ( great] importance1 & n to 
himself alone4 ,no1 x w be s also to !  
:ole community--?r\gh ! life & ! "w 8   
happ9ess may give ! race or 8 unhapp9ess
 deprive x (4  ,= himself1 z well z =   
o!rs1 ! individual w !n exam9e ! "r (   
r5\nc+ happ9ess z consci5ti\sly z he n[ 
submits to ! duty ( be>+ unhapp9ess4 ,! 
importance to *ildr5 ( _! p>5ts' life   
toge!r w dep5d ^u ! k9d ( life x is1 :5 
x has be5 se5 t :5 all is said ! new    
g5]ation has mo/ to ga9 by love be+     

always & ev]y:]e set up z ! condition ( 
! highe/ wor? ( cohabitation4  ,?is is !
 ri* promise t ! new pa? (f]s2 b !      
majority _c see ! promise on acc\nt ( ! 
possible new dang]s4 ,x is ?is dread t  
/ill p>alyses ! c\rage to d>e ! untri$1 
9 ord] to w9 ! valuable4  ,x is a/oni%+ 
t ^? :o tremble = ! future nev] seek    
consolation 9 ! pa/4 ,!y w\ld !re f9d1 =
 example1 t :5 ! family ceas$ to be !   
mat*-mak]1 :5 ! gu>dian c\ld no long]   
keep a woman 9 a position ( legal       
incapacity & prev5t h] m>ry+--!n !re 7  
prophecies ( exactly ! same 8dissolution
 ( society & ( ! family0 z are n[ dread$
 9 fre] =ms ( matrimony4 ,b ! same p :o 
n[ laugh at ! =m] =ebod+s are conv9c$ t 
! latt] w be realis$2 = man believes 9  
no?+ s reluctantly z 9 8 own nature's   
p[] ( replac+ outw>d bonds ) inn] ones4 
,& yet1 long be=e ! new =ms are ready1  
!re is an abundance ( ! new feel+s :i*  
are to fill !m4 ,no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t1 
if feel+s 7 no bett] ?an laws1 we %\ld  
nev] h new laws 7,mill74 ,b human be+s w

 nev] believe 9 ! possibilities (       
developm5t ( _! own feel+s until !y     
leave (f seek+ _! /r5g? f above4 ,!y w  
nev] h fai? 9 !mselves z pa?f9d]s until 
!y no long] believe !mselves 8guid$40 ,z
 soon z a *ange has tak5 place1 x is    
reg>d$ 8hi/orically10 z a giv5          
consequ5ce ( 8rational0 causes & 8div9e0
 guidance4 ,b to look hi/orically at !  
future2 to tru/ 9 reg>d to :at has n yet
 happ5$ to ! giv5 consequ5ces--= good & 
evil--( ! same con/antly op]at+ causes1 
?is does n occur to ! gu>dians (        
society4 ,_! belief 9 ,god's guidance is
 always--retrospective4  ,! believ]s 9  
,life1 on ! o!r h&1 "k t vital ne$s 7 ! 
productive soil ( ! feel+s t gave ! pi? 
to ^? laws1 :]e( n[ only ! /raw rema9s4 
,b ! e>? has n exhau/$ its p[]s (       
f]tility1 any m ?an ! feel+s h lo/ _!   
creative =ce4 ,! believ]s 9 ,life1      
!re=e1 atta* small importance to ! old  
/raw1 b consid] ! increas+ ( ! e>?'s    
productiv5ess ( supreme significance4   
,a great & heal?y w to live is :at our  

"t ne$s 9 ! matt] ( ! erotic emotions & 
claims4 ,x is "h t !re is a m5ace ( real
 dang]s f ! woman's side2 & x is1 among/
 o!r ?+s1 to av]t ^! dang]s t new =ms ( 
m>riage mu/ be creat$4  ,a human mat]ial
 increas+ 9 value & 9 capacity =        
developm5t--?is is :at ! e>? w produce4 
,! *ances ( obta9+ ?is may be decreas$  
"u fix$1 b fav\r$ "u fre]1 =ms ( sexual 
life4 ,x is n only because ! pres5t day 
dem&s m fre$om t ^! claims are full (   
promise4 ,!y are s because ! claims are 
com+ ne>] & ne>] to ! k]nel ( ! "q--!   
c]ta9ty t love is ! mo/ p]fect condition
 = ! life-enhancem5t ( ! race & ( !     
individual--& because ! pres5t "t       
ackn[l$ges ! necessity ( tempor>ily     
limit+ fre$om1 ?\gh only by means ( laws
 :i* w =m an education 9 love4  ,su* a  
law mu/1 = ! sake ( woman's lib]ty1     
deprive man ( c]ta9 ( 8 pres5t rights2 =
 ! sake ( ! *ildr51 limit ! pres5t      
lib]ty bo? ( man & woman4 ,b ^!         
limitations w all be to ! f9al pr(it (  
love4   ,^? :o believe 9 ! p]fectibility

 ( mank9d = & ?r\gh love mu/1 h[ev]1    
le>n to reckon n 9 hundr$s ( ye>s1 &    
/ill less 9 t5s1 b 9 ?\s&s4             
,,footnotes3     #a ,_m ( ! facts 9 !   
=ego+ pages are tak5 f a   detail$      
biographical pamphlet on ,ell5 ,key by  
,j4 ,f4 ,d4 ,mossel   9 ! s]ies ( ,mann5
 en ,vr\w5 von ,beteek5is 9 ,onze       
,dag54 ,! read] may be ref]r$ to an     
int]e/+ acc\nt   ( ,ell5 ,key1 f p]sonal
 k1 by ,miss ,hel5 ,zimm]n1   9         
,putnam's ,magaz9e1 ,jan41 #aijh4    #b 
,9 ,engl&1 ,t5nyson1 9 ,! ,pr9cess1 0 ! 
fir/ to   give to 8! new woman0 h] "n & 
to speak ( h] objects1   & _m o!rs began
 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury   indirectly 
to develop ! idea ( love1 especially    
,elizabe?   ,b>rett ,br[n+1 ! si/]s     
,bront1 & ,miss ,mulo* among   wom5     
writ]s4 ,rob]t ,br[n+1 ,george ,m]$i?1 &
 o!r   great poets among ! m5 h also    
fur!r$ x indirectly4   ,9 lat] days1    
,george ,eg]ton 9 ,rosa ,amorosa &      
,edw>d   ,c>p5t] 9 ,love's ,com+ ( ,age 
h1 9 _! diff]5t   ways1 giv5 a rem>kable

 treatm5t ( ! evolution ( love4   ,woman
 ,free by ,ellis ,e!lm]1 ,a ,noviciate =
 ,m>riage by   ,edi? ,m4 ,ellis1 ,!     
,woman ,:o ,did by ,grant ,all51 belong 
to   ! same gr\p ( writ+s4    #c ,walt  
,:itman4    #d ,z f> z ,engl& is conc]n$
 ,i w "h only rem9d my   read]s (       
,galton's contributions to ?is subject2 
( ,g$des   & ,?omson's ,evolution (     
,sex2 ( ,havelock ,ellis's ,man &       
,woman1 ,sex 9 ,relation to ,society1   
etc4    #e ,see ,woman & ,economics &   
lat] works by ?is ,am]ican   au?oress1  
:o has _m adh]5ts 9 ,europe z well z 9  
,am]ica4    #f ,e ,engli% read] kn[s :at
 ,dick5s a*iev$ 9 ?is   respect4 ,i w   
only rem9d !m "h ( ,hannah ,lyn*'s      
7anonym\sly publi%$7 ,autobiography ( a 
,*ild4    #g ,be=e #aheg1 no legal      
divorce 9 ! usual mean+ (   ! t]m exi/$ 
9 ,engl&4 ,! ecclesia/ical c\rts c\ld   
grant a sort ( 8divorce f b$ & bo>d10   
:]eupon   ! aggriev$ p>ty c\ld get rid (
 8 unfai?ful half   by a special ,act ( 
,p>liam5t 9 ea* p>ticul> case4 ,z   a   

consequ5ce1 only v weal?y p c\ld af=d   
?is   luxury1 = x co/ imm5se sums to get
 a special motion (   ?is k9d ?r\gh     
,p>liam5t4 ,! fur!r inju/ice prevail$1  
t 9 practice ?is c\rse 0 op5 only to m51
 n to   wom54    ,x 01 moreov]1 ) !     
greate/ difficulty t ,palm]/on   succe$$
 9 c>ry+ ! re=m ( #aheg4 ,! fri5ds (    
re=m urg$ above all t ! old law 0 unju/ 
to poor   p1 & t among bo? ri* & poor x 
_h become   increas+ly common to m>ry   
aga9 9 an illegal way1 s t   9 ! eyes ( 
! law ?\s&s ( p 9 ,engl& 7   liv+ 9     
bigamy4    ,! new law ( #aheg introduc$ 
a sep>ate secul> c\rt =   divorce       
causes1 divorce 0 made legal1 & !       
possibility (   tak+ advantage ( x 0    
plac$ )9 ! rea* ( o!rs   ?an ! weal?ie/4
    ,b ! exp]i5ce ( fifty ye>s has %[n t
 divorce   proc$ure is /ill altoge!r too
 co/ly = ! poor1 &   entails an inf9ity 
( "t & tr\ble4 ,fur!rmore1 a numb]   (  
revolt+ inju/ices rema94    ,?us1 =     
in/ance1 a wife _c obta9 legal divorce f
   h] husb& ei!r because he is an       

habitual drunk>d1 or an   incurable     
lunatic1 or is imprison$ = life = "s    
grave   crime1 or has ab&on$ 8 home &   
refus$ to contribute to   ! support ( 8 
wife & *ildr56 ,! mo/ %e c obta9   "u   
su* circum/ances is a judicial          
sep>ation--:i* makes   x possible = ei!r
 p>ty to ent] into any illegitimate     
connection !y please4 ,a husb& c obta9  
divorce f 8   wife if he c prove a s+le 
case ( infidelity on h] "p2   b ! wife  
_c obta9 divorce f h] husb& ev5 if   he 
c be prov$ to be liv+ 9 cont9ual        
adult]y4 ,9 ord]   to get rid ( him %e  
mu/ be able to prove t he has be5       
guilty ( cruelty t[>ds h] or has des]t$ 
h] = a p]iod   ( two ye>s4    ,! wor/ ?+
 is t ! great] (f5ce is puni%$ f>   m   
l5i5tly ?an ! less4 ,a wife c get a     
judicial   sep>ation on acc\nt ( h]     
husb&'s infidelity1 b loses   !re) ! "r 
( proce$+ aga9/ him = divorce1   & nei!r
 %e nor h] husb& may m>ry aga94 ,b if ! 
husb& has also be5 guilty ( cruelty to  
h]1 %e obta9s a   divorce1 & !n bo? %e &

 h] husb& are at lib]ty to   rem>ry4 ,! 
man :o deceives 8 wife is n free to m>ry
   ano!r2 b if he bo? deceives h] &     
beats h]1 he is   divorc$ & may m>ry    
aga96    ,9 g5]al ! oppon5ts ( ! exi/+  
law decl>e t   x contributes p[]fully to
 ! =mation ( illegitimate   connections4
    #h ,^! details ref]1 ( c\rse1 to !  
,sw$i%   law4--,,translator4   ,,! ,,end