,,mo!rhood ,,mo!rhood ,,& ,,! ,,relation%ips ,,( ,,! ,,sexes ,,by ,c4 ,,gasquo9e ,,h>tley ,au?or ( 8,! ,tru? ,ab\t ,wom510 8,! ,age ( ,"m-,p[]10 etc4 ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,dodd1 ,,mead ,,& ,,company #aiag ,,copyright1 #aiag1 ,,by ,,dodd1 ,,mead ,,& ,,company1 ,inc4 ,d$ication ,,to ,,leslie ,9 writ+ at la/ ?is book on ,mo!rhood1 :i* = s _m ye>s has _h a place 9 my ?\ghts1 "o tru? has =c$ itself ^u me2 ! pr$om9ant position ( ,woman 9 h] natural relation to ! race4 ,! "m is ! ma9 /ream ( ! racial life4 ,all ! hope ( ! future re/s ^u ?is fai? 9 mo!rhood4 ,to :om1 !n1 b to y1 my son1 c ,i d$icate my book8 ,y came to me :5 ,i 0 /ill seek+ out a way 9 ! futility ( ,individual ends2 y reconcil$ my w>r+ motives & desires2 y br\ght me a new guid+ pr9ciple4 ,y taught me t ! ,individual ,life is b z a bubble or clu/] ( foam on ! great tide ( humanity4 ,i knew t ! r$emption ( ,woman re/s 9 ! gr[+ k & consci\sness ( h] responsibility to ! race4 ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,page ,,"p ,i ,,introductory ,i ,a ,,retrospect3 ,,! ,,position ,,( ,,wom5 ,,be=e ,,! ,,great ,,european ,,w> #i ,,ii ,,! ,,position ,,( ,,wom5 ,,z ,,affect$ ,,by ,,! ,,w> #bi ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,mat]nal ,,in/9ct ,,9 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,iii ,,insect ,,p>5?ood #ee ,,iv ,,p>5?ood ,,among ,,reptiles ,,& ,,fi%es3 ,a ,,*apt] ,,on ,,good ,,fa!rs #gg ,v ,,p>5?ood ,,among ,,birds1 ,,) ,,fur!r ,,examples ,,( ,,good ,,fa!rs #ig ,,vi ,,p>5?ood ,,among ,,! ,,high] ,,animals3 ,,! ,,fix+ ,,( ,,! ,,p>5tal ,,in/9ct ,,9 ,,! ,,"m #aag ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,primitive ,,family ,,vii ,,! ,,"m ,,9 ,,! ,,primitive ,,family #acg ,,"p ,,iv ,,mo!rhood ,,& ,,! ,,relation%ips ,,( ,,! ,,sexes ,,viii ,,! ,,family ,,& ,,! ,,home #afa ,,ix ,,monogam\s ,,m>riage ,,& ,,woman #ahg ,x ,,m>riage3 ,a ,,cont9uation ,,( ,,! ,,previ\s ,,*apt]1 ,,) ,,"s ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,"* ,,( ,,woman #bjg ,,xi ,,sexual ,,relation%ips ,,outside ,,( ,,m>riage #bbg ,,xii ,,! ,,unm>ri$ ,,"m #bee ,,xiii ,,! ,,dang] ,,( ,,secret ,,diseases #bhc ,,"p ,v ,,sexual ,,education ,,xiv ,,! ,,"m ,,& ,,! ,,*ild #cja ,,xv ,,sexual ,,education1 ,,) ,,special ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,,adolesc5t ,,girl #cbg ,,xvi ,a ,,cont9uation ,,( ,,! ,,la/ ,,*apt]1 ,,) ,,an ,,attempt ,,to ,,sugge/ ,a ,,rem$y #cdi ,,bibliography #cgi ,,index #cie ,,"p ,i ,,introductory ,x is n[ a well-e/abli%$ truism to say t ! mo/ injuri\s influ5ces affect+ ! physical condition ( "y *ildr5 arise f ! habits1 cu/oms & practices ( ! p !mselves r ?an f ext]nal surr\nd+s or conditions4 ,! environm5t ( ! infant is its "m4 ,its heal? & physical fitness are dep5d5t prim>ily ^u h] heal?1 h] capacity 9 dome/icity1 & h] k ( infant c>e & managem5t4 ,?us ! fundam5tal requirem5t 9 reg>d to ?is p>ticul> problem is heal?y mo!rhood & ! art & practice ( "m-craft4 ,giv5 a heal?y & c>eful "m we are on ! high road to secur+ a heal?y infant2 f heal?y infancy we may expect heal?y *ildhood1 & f heal?y *ildhood may be laid ! f\ndations ( a nation's heal?4 8,education & ,infant ,welf>e40 ,annual ,report = #aiad ( ! ,*ief ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,i ,a ,,retrospect--,,! ,,position ,,( ,,wom5 ,,be=e ,,! ,,great ,,european ,,w> ,! ov]:elm+ ev5ts ( ! ,great ,w>--,*ange 9 my own views--,primitive conception ( ! relative position ( ! two sexes--,! w> divides ! fem9i/ /ruggle into two p]iods--,! dem& ( woman to live h] own life--,! m]its & dem]its ( ! ,suffrage ,movem5t--,! vote gospel a drug swall[$ to /ill ! crav+ = some?+ vitally ne$$--,wom5 swept out ( _! own int]e/s into a swirl+ sea ( desire--,emotion ! /rong guide to action--,militancy--,a trem5d\s adv5ture--,! mob _s--,s[+ a crop ( fem99e wild oats--,:at has be5 ga9$--,mu* exp]i5ce & "s k--,exp]i5ce indisp5sable z a f\ndation ( a broad] fem9ism--,solid>ity ( wom5--,w> came l a ?und]bolt f a cle> sky--,! clam\r & deception ( meet+s & propag&a4 ,,*apt] ,i ,a ,,retrospect ,,! ,,position ,,( ,,wom5 ,,be=e ,,! ,,great ,,european ,,w> 8,!re is "o pr(\nd weakness 9 y\r movem5t t[>ds emancipation4 ,y\r :ole argum5t is bas$ on an acceptance ( male values40--,,dr4 ,,an&a ,,coom>asw>y4 ,z ,i set out to write yet ano!r book on ,woman1 ,i f9d x necess>y fir/ to decide :e!r ! prim>y int]e/ %\ld re/ 9 ! et]nal in/9cts1 passions & typical "* ( womanhood1 or 9 wom5's actions & *>act]s z affect$ by ! unusual conditions ( ! "t 9 :i* my "w is und]tak54 ,x is a decision by no means s simple z x w\ld seem4 ,always ! realisation ( :at is imm$iately be=e u t5ds by its vivid ne>ness to give an ov]-e/imation ( its significance4 ,b to read life 9 ?is way is to und]/& v little4 ,some?+ mu/ be done to cle> our vision s t we may take a wid] view4 ,! pres5t1 aft] all1 is b ! day at :i* ! pa/ & ! future meet4 ,yet !re are times :5 "s ov]:elm+ ev5t s %>ply *anges ! pres5t z to obscure all ! %9+ wond] ( life4 ,& at no p]iod 9 hi/ory has ?is be5 m true ?an x has be5 9 ,europe 9 ! la/ two ye>s4 ,n[h]e & nev] 9 ! _w c !re h be5 a p]iod ( deep] or m rapid *ange4 ,w> came ^u u )\t w>n+1 l a ?und]bolt f a cle> sky2 & 9 a day ! outlook ( life 0 *ang$4 ,n[1 ?is ?\ght ( surpris+ & quick-com+ *ange br+s me to some?+ x is necess>y = me to say4 ,my book %\ld h be5 begun _m mon?s back1 at ! v beg9n+ ( ! w>4 ,b "h ,i h to make a confession4 ,! w> caus$ 9 my m9d a confusion t = "s "t left me extremely unc]ta9 ^u _m ?+s ab\t :i* hi!rto ,i h be5 sure4 ,x has be5 a w> ( miracles 9 s f> z x has made real mu* t seem$ outside ! _w ( possibility4 ,our slugg>d imag9ations h be5 /irr$ by an appeal t has ar\s$ _m primitive emotions4 ,i recall ! op5+ s5t5ce 9 ! la/ book t ,i wrote on ,woman4#a 8,! tw5tie? c5tury is ! age ( ,woman4 ,"s day1 x may be1 x w be look$ back ^u z ! gold5 age--! dawn1 "s say1 ( fem99e civilisation40 ,n[1 z ,i read ?is /atem5t1 :i*1 :5 ,i wrote x1 ,i felt to be true1 x appe>s s wrong z to be almo/ ridicul\s4 ,t sort ( dream is ov]4 ,:at a fanta/ic picture x 0 t ,suffrage militancy made = itself be=e ! outbreak ( ! w>4 ,we pictur$ a gold5 age :i* 0 to come ) ! self-ass]tion ( wom52 an age 9 :i* mo/ ( ^? problems t h vex$ mank9d f ! dawn ( hi/ory 7 to be solv$ automatically by a s]ies ( quick p5ny-9-!-slot re=ms1 t w\ld foll[ on ! spl5d\r & sup]iority ( woman's rule4 ,militants1 aflame = ! re=mation ( man1 discuss$ pro/itution1 ! ,:ite ,slave traffic1 & all sex problems ) a zeal t 0 p>tly pa?ological & p>tly ! result ( a ,utopian dream4 ,!n1 at ! mo/ crucial h\r 9 ! hi/ory ( wom5's /ruggle = p[] & political recognition1 all ?is dream 0 arre/$4 ,9 ! /ress ( w>1 ! promise ( an accumulat+ bett]m5t 0 swept d[n1 ev5 z a too-bright dawn t passes into /orm2 ! ugly aspects ( life sprang ^u u ) int5sify+ urg5cy4 ,yes1 ! sudd5 ev5ts ( w> seem$1 = wom51 to h blott$ out ! pres5t & ! pa/1 & to h made all action unc]ta94 ,s x is always :5 life is /irr$ at its dep?s4 ,! *ange 0 almo/ /agg]+4 ,wom5 h _h to le>n _m new & /range lessons2 !y are m *ang$ ?an p]haps !y !mselves "k4 ,!re _h come a "t :51 )\t any prep>ation1 we wom5 7 br\ght back to ! primitive conception ( ! relative position ( ! two sexes4 ,milit>y organisation & battle af=d ! gr& opportunity = ! sup]ior =ce capacity ( ! male4 ,aga9 man 0 ! fight]1 ! protector ( woman & ! home4 ,& at once 8 p[] became a reality4 ,! /rik+ & praise-dem&+ "w 0 done by m54 ,& at ! fir/ viol5t *ange !re seem$ to be no?+ = wom5 beyond ! pati5ce ( wait+ & ! s]vice ( sacrifice4 ,lat]1 wom5 h be5 call$ to /ep 9 to take ! places ( m51 & !re has be5 "w = !m to d ( all k9ds & 9 ev]-increas+ am\nt4 ,b ( ?is "w1 & ! new conditions t h !reby aris51 ,i propose to speak 9 ! next *apt]4 ,"h ,i am consid]+ only ! ev5ts t ru%$ ^u wom5 at ! oncom+ ( w>4 ,& inevitably !y 7 pu%$ aside into obscurity2 !y _h to be cont5t ) unnotic$ "w t n infrequ5tly 0 futile4 ,x is h>d to /ep s sudd5ly out ( ! limelight4 ,& wom5 7 acutely aw>e ( ?is *ange 9 _! prospects1 & _m ( !m express$ ! situation ) engag+ frankness4 ,let me give a small illu/ration4 ,i _h occasion 9 ! late summ] ( #aiad1 a few weeks aft] ! w> _h />t$1 to visit a fri5d4 ,"s mon?s _h pass$ s9ce ,i _h previ\sly se5 h]4 ,at t "t %e 0 actively engag$ 9 ! suffrage campaign4 ,n[1 ,i f\nd h] knitt+ wooll5 com=t]s = ! soldi]s1 & %e 0 knitt+ !m v badly4 ,i express$ my surprise4 ,h] answ] to me 01 8,x is all t !re is to d40 ,%e !n add$ ?is significant /atem5t1 8,we wom5 h _h to le>n our place40 ,!re 01 ( c\rse1 exagg]ation 9 h] rem>k4 ,b x does1 ,i believe1 picture :at happ5$ 9 ! ?\ghts ( _m wom5 ) ! sudd5 ceas+ ( _! active /ruggle = political recognition4 ,x 0 a /ate ( resign$ surprise4 ,& may x n be t wom5 _h ne$ ( "s lesson8 ,9 ! curi\s phases witness$ be=e ! w>1 9 t /ruggle :i* 0 b a m viol5t expression ( ! et]nal ef=t at adju/m5t betwe5 ! sexes1 !re 7 _m /range signs to give pause & fe> to all :o ?9k4 ,wom5 did n1 z ,i believe1 realise ! possible results ( _! sex rebellion4 ,!y did n suffici5tly di/+ui% betwe5 ^? limitations & h>d%ips :i* c\ld comp>atively easily be remov$ & ^? limitations & h>d%ips :i* are due to ! nature ( _! sex4 ,old traditions1 )\t any discrim9ation1 7 ca/ aside 9 a viol5t seek+1 & wom5 broke out 9 unexpect$ ways1 to fight n]v\sly1 c>elessly1 yet hungrily1 z if !y 7 try+ to =ce ! pace ( progress4 ,wom5 are possess$ ( great ela/icity & clev]ness2 !y are1 & possibly w always rema91 m imitative ?an creative4 ,& f ?is foll[s a v real dang]1 pla9ly aris+ f ! quick fem99e receptiv5ess :i* is at once ! /r5g? ( wom5 z well z ! cause ( _! pitiable weakness4 ,9 e direction ! new indep5d5ce & "w capacity ( woman 0 prov$ 9 foll[+ & imitat+ m54 ,?us x 0 easy = wom5 to ext]nalise _! life 9 e way1 & to ga9 success 9 _m diff]5t k9ds ( "w4 ,b ! "q has nev] be5--c\ld wom5 d ?is1 or d t1 k9d ( "w8 r x is--:at "w is x mo/ wor? :ile = !m to d8 ,w\nd$ by ! n>r[ness ( _! lives1 wom5 sp5t imm5se en]gy out ( :i* mu* t is good has be5 ga9$4 ,mu* t 0 false has crumbl$ into ru9s1 b also mu* t 0 f9e4 ,:at 0 want+ mo/ 0 ?is3 ! complete abs5ce 9 ! entire programme ( re=m ( any k9d ( fem99e idealism4 ,did wom5 =get8 ,i ?9k t !y did4 ,! realm ( woman 0 /ill spl5did1 /ill va/4 ,:y1 !n1 ?is rage aga9/ all re/rictions8 ,:y ?is cont9u\s ef=t to oblit]ate ! wise diff]5ces ( sex8 ,9 _! viol5t seek+ = life1 wom5 7 ready to sp5d all to ga9 some?+ :i* may well prove to be absolutely unnecess>y to !m4 ,& to _m x mu/ h seem$ t !y wa/$ ! :ole ( !mselves only to lose some?+ )9 !mselves4 ,!re 0 mu* h]oic fight+4 ,wom5 robb$ life = ! sake ( :at !y believ$ 0 fre$om2 yet may x n prove t !y h be5 9 love ) t :i* is unatta9able = wom58 ,! dem& ( woman to 8live h] own life0 br\ght1 z x seems to "s ( u1 a slav]y n less /rong or less evil ?an t f :i* an escape 0 s\ght4 ,wom51 h[ev] unconsci\sly1 7 suppress+ !mselves 9 new ways1 & /ill do+ ?+s ali5 to !mselves4 ,?is re/less seek+ 0 b a fur!r fooli% =gett+ ( ! tru? t ! only fre$om wor? hav+ is ! fre$om to be "o's self4 ,all t wom5 _h promis$ !mselves 9 a new ord] ( exi/5ce mu/ dep5d on _! acceptance ( ! responsibilities & limitations ( _! womanhood4 ,& by ?is ,i mean a full & glad acceptance ( ^? physical facts ( _! organic con/itution :i* make !m unlike m51 & %\ld limit _! capacity = _m k9ds ( "w4 ,x c nev] be any?+ b fooli%ness to attempt to break d[n ! real diff]5ces betwe5 ! two sexes4 ,?is may be a h>d say+ to "s wom53 ,i believe t x is true4 ,x is necess>y to emphasise ?is fact aga91 & yet aga91 because x is ! almo/ complete disreg>d by wom5 ( _! own sexual nature & its special ne$s t is ! grave evil t is robb+ u ( life2 ?is 0 also ! inh]5t weakness 9 ! ,wom5's ,movem5t1 :i*1 s f> f fulfill+ ! promise ( its e>li] p]iod1 _h ceas$1 ev5 be=e w> br\ght u back to realities1 to ex]t any widely repres5tative or s]i\s influ5ce4 ,! pr$ilection = wild pranks1 :i* 9 ?is c\ntry m>k$ ! lat] ef=ts ( wom5 to ga9 political recognition1 may1 ,i ?9k1 be trac$ back to causes b5t on cru%+ & levell+ ! sex *>act]i/ics4 ,wom5 _h n suffici5tly valu$ !mselves1 & ?us !y ceas$ to c>e to be ess5tially fem99e4 ,in/ead !re 0 an insatiable desire to enjoy exp]i5ce1 aris+ f lack ( discipl9$ culture & f excess ( en]gy & idl5ess4 ,x is manife/ t militancy gave to wom5 excitem5t & occupation4 ,& ?is avidity to "k & feel & %9e1 to e/abli% new contacts ) life & affairs1 0 c\pl$ also ) t deep] seek+ ( ! _s :i* has robb$ peace f ! mod]n woman4 ,possibly su* defects are ess5tial to su* a movem5t1 a m]e de/ructive phase 9 ! process ( r5ew+--a cle>+ ( ! gr\nd4 ,b ! way to ga9 fre$om is long & toilsome2 x is a way t p]mits ( no su* en]getic %ort cuts z ! militant ,suffragi/s w\ld h a*iev$4 ,mix$ up ) all t 0 f9e 9 _! movem5t 0 an inf9ity ( glitt] & t9sel1 vanity & re/lessness4 ,!re 0 pres5t always an int5se & !atrical egotism1 a ye>n+ to make an impression & =ce applause at any co/4 ,!re 01 ( c\rse1 ano!r side--a side :i* mo/ gladly ,i ackn[l$ge4 ,no movem5t t 0 f\nd$ m]ely on excitem5t w\ld h ov]come difficulties z ! ,suffrage movem5t did1 nor c\ld its memb]s h work$ & suff]$ z !y did = a common end4 ,!re 0 always mu* ev5 9 ! mo/ mi/ak5 militancy t 0 g5]\s1 ard5t & :olesome4 ,b ^! useful qualities 7 de=m$ by a want ( proportion & sanity2 by feel+s run riot t made wom5 impati5t ( all re/ra9ts1 ov]we5+ly sure ( !mselves1 & incapable ( fac+ tr\blesome facts or =esee+ ! mo/ c]ta9 consequ5ces ( _! own actions4 ,!re is no?+ "h t %\ld surprise u4 ,9 _m cases1 p]haps 9 all1 emotion is ! sole & /rong guide ( our actions4 ,at lea/1 ,i am sure ?is is true ( wom54 ,:at we d is to inv5t reasons to ju/ify acts to :i* we are impell$ by "s emotion aris+ f an in/9ctive ne$4 ,i d n see h[ ?is c be avoid$1 nor d ,i at all reg>d x 9 itself z evil4 ,reason by itself too (t5 is an excuse = do+ no?+2 x is ! excuse ( all ^? :o take inf9ite c>e n to see 9 case !y may come to feel4 ,reason alone nev] does any?+2 x is too reasonable4 ,! necess>y ?+ is fir/ to feel4 ,& ! only possible me?od ( guid+ emotion is to realise its =ce & to use x successfully2 n to take cov] fe>fully 9 avoidance ( feel+4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a v deep reason = ?is human ne$ = emotion4 ,! spr+s ( our actions may be trac$ back 9 almo/ all cases to c]ta9 excitem5ts aris+ f "s ne$ or desire ( ^: exi/5ce 9 ourselves we are 9 n9e cases out ( t5 q unconsci\s1 b :i* 7unless damm$ up :5 ! fe> ( an escape is always great & imm95t7 w f9d an expression 9 *>act]i/ic in/9ctive acts4 ,& ! mo/ =cible human excitem5ts are fe> & ang]3 ^! ex]cise an en]gis+ influ5ce on body & m9d (t5 lead+ to ! accompli%m5t ( q extraord9>y acts4 ,p]iods ( int5se excitem5t w yield a consci\sness ( ov]:elm+ /r5g?1 s t ! individual rea*es a /ate ( self-=getfulness 9 :i* almo/ any?+ may be done4 ,almo/ e "o mu/ at "s "t h exp]i5c$ ?is sup]-/r5g?4 ,& :at is important to note is t at an opportunity = ex]cis+ ^! emotions1 ! mo/ peaceable p h felt ! /ir ( ! primitive in/9cts ( hate & fe>1 ( ang] & ! desire to de/roy & to hurt4 ,!y h develop$--(t5 to _! own surprise--! de/ructive capacities ( ! fight-lov+1 dang]-brav+ animal4 ,& :5 su* emotions seize on individuals 9 gr\ps1 _! effect is greatly int5sifi$ & is felt by _m :o w\ld be only slightly susceptible to su* emotions :5 isolat$4 ,?is expla9s1 ,i believe1 ! surpris+ revolt ( wom5 & h[ x 0 !y broke out 9 su* unexpect$ ways4 ,!re is 9 ! sex an imm5se & unrecognis$ capacity = adv5ture1 due to ! surplus ( en]gy unus$ t 0 s pa9fully pres5t 9 ! lives ( _m wom51 & to ! expression ( :i* ! n>r[ness ( _! lives _h af=d$ little opportunity4 ,! dang] "h 0 /rong = wom51 because 9 _! lives1 to a f> great] ext5t ?an 9 ! lives ( m51 !re _h be5 s _m damm$-up *annels ( emotion4 ,x is ! ?+s !y might n d t _h matt]$ = wom51 & n ! ?+s !y _h be5 all[$ to d4 ,!n ! fev] ( ?is ang] caught hold ( !m1 & !y became consci\s ( an obscure travail 9 _! s\ls4 ,"h1 inde$1 7 causes ( unre/2 "h 7 ! fir/ %ad[s ( "s subtle decay4 ,! suffrage movem5t 0 a se>*--yes1 a wild se>*--= some?+ to bridge ! gap1 = some?+ to d t matt]$1 some?+ to op5 ! gates to adv5ture4 ,! militant revolt to _m wom5 prov$ an excit+ game4 ,?is may appe> /range2 b :at ,i want y to m>k is t su* viol5ce 0 a necess>y ?+ = wom54 ,!y felt impell$ to get into _! lives some?+ t meant movem5t1 excitem5t1 joy1 & ! /++ ( adv5ture4 ,& !y h be5 happy4 ,to _m p1 & especially to m51 x seem$ t 9 adopt+ militancy wom5 7 dep>t+ entirely f _! womanhood4 ,b x is j "h !y 7 mi/ak52 !y did n grasp ! fact t wom5 _h felt injur$1 & t ?is injury ar\s$ 9 !m an excitem5t ( ang] =c+ wild action4 ,wom51 too1 ,i ?9k1 h n !mselves und]/ood ! real causes ( _! actions4 ,x 0 impossible to foll[ ! procession ( excuses by :i* ! militant apologi/s attempt$ to ju/ify _! (t5 s5seless outrages on ! law )\t realis+ h[ errone\sly !y compreh5d$ _! own movem5t4 ,!y hone/ly ?\ght t !y 7 esp\s+ ! cause ( ,woman's fre$om2 x nev] /ruck !m t !y 7 n work+ = ?is1 at lea/ t ?is 0 n ! motive :i* impell$ _! actions ( viol5ce4 ,!y did n "k t !y 7 tak+ ! quicke/ way to fill lives left empty1 & to express 9 action ! clamor\s excitem5t t surg$ )9 !m4 ,x is nev] easy = wom5 to be q hone/ ev5 to !mselves4 ,manife/ly ?is viol5t seek+ 0 b an outgr[? ( woman's fi]ce race-protect+ passion2 an unconsci\s expression ( t in/9ct to give life :i* rules n only 9 ! body b 9 ! _s ( woman4 ,_m wom5 f\ght )\t truly want+ to fight1 & m]ely because _! deep hidd5 in/9cts dem&$ some?+ on :i* to exp5d !mselves4 ,!re 0 9 ! ,suffrage movem5t a wise policy ( action4 ,& ?is us+ ( wom5's /or$-up en]gy1 h[ev] wa/efully x may h be5 exp5d$1 inflam$ 9 !m a gladness t made easy all _! paym5ts ( imprisonm5t1 ( =cible fe$+1 & ev5 ( dea?4 ,9 militancy wom5 ga9$ an object & a satisfaction3 !y 7 ! c5tre ( some?+ t dep5d$ on !m4 ,_! movem5t1 ) all its absurdities1 0 a live ?+ 9 _! h&s4 ,?us ! memb]s gave to ! cause _! lab\r & _! en?usiasm1 &1 because !y _h giv5 x s mu*1 !y came to love x4 ,_! en]getic organisation came to /& above !m l a big1 gre$y *ild1 grabb+ at any?+ & ev]y?+4 ,x robb$ f !m ! fly+ h\rs ( life1 little by little dev\r+ !m4 ,b 9 s do+ new fuel 0 ?r[n on ! dead flames ( wom5's passions4 ,= !y ga9$ t = :i* !y 7 seek+4 ,a new1 /range opportunity = sacrifice 0 "h1 supply+ ! ne$ :i*1 h[ev] unrecognis$ & d5i$1 is ! fundam5tal desire ( woman4 ,?is 0 ! joy t 0 ga9$ by ! ,suffrage m>tyrs--some?+ vivify+1 flood+ dead lives ) col\r1 action & emotion4 ,yes1 ^! wom5 yield$ !mselves to _! movem5t ) joy1 j z a woman yields h]self to h] lov] t %e may give life to 8 *ild4 ,& !n all ?is audaci\s1 h>dly und]/ood movem5t 0 br\ght to an end by w>4 ,milit>ism put a swift close to militancy4 ,z f> z wom5 7 conc]n$1 _! hope ( =c+ political recognition fell to confusion4 ,! w> came l a great %ad[ across ! :ole bright complex problem ( ! future4 ,s mu* 0 ?is s t writ+ ( militancy n[ feels almo/ l ref]r+ to a =gott5 ev5t t happ5$ 9 ! v f> pa/4 ,x w\ld be easy to pass ov] ! :ole ,suffrage movem5t 9 sil5ce4 ,&1 inde$1 ,i %\ld h done ?is if ,i did n believe t its inn] effect on wom5 _h be5 m la/+ ?an ! outw>d ga94 ,i wi% to emphasise ! *ange t came to wom5 9 ! p]iod imm$iately be=e ! w>4 ,! ,suffrage movem5t 0 a collective movem5t 9 :i* ! individual _h to w9 hon\r 9 self-=getfulness & 9 gr\p "w4 ,& ?is co-op]ation = ! ga9+ ( ! ,vote c>ri$ ) x also a co-op]ation ( s]vice & a great developm5t ( mutual helpfulness4 ,& f ?is x has foll[$ v directly t _m wom5 h turn$ _! backs = ev] on petty int]e/s & disloyalties to "o ano!r1 & h recov]$ a q fre% s5se ( hon\rable emulations & loyalty4 ,?is concord & unity 9 duty _h mu* ! same quality ( joy t s5ds ! soldi] to face dea?4 ,x /irr$ some?+ v deep 9 wom5's nature4 ,militancy br\ght a r>e *ance ( happ9ess3 x made wom5 aw>e ( _! s\ls4 ,?r\gh x !y fir/ f\nd escape f ! deadness ( /]ile lives & gave up sep>ate little aims t made conflicts betwe5 woman & woman4 ,! petty /rifes ( no issue & no importance 7 *ang$ into "o /ruggle t mu/ be won2 & by exp&+ f an exi/5ce ( aimlessness & /agnation into "o ( common purpose & advance1 wom5 ga9$ ! *ance !y 7 seek+ ( adv5ture & sacrifice = body & _s4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t !y gave !mselves up to a great holiday ( ! emotions4 ,?is may h express$ itself basely 9 ! wreck+ ( prop]ty & mu* t 0 useless1 b x 0 n all base4 ,9 ! lives ( numb]less wom5 x has meant some?+ mu* m ?an hatr$ & vanity1 or self-deceiv+ "w4 ,militancy has be5 a great z well z a v little ?+4 ,z a movem5t x 0 fooli% & morally p]v]se1 no d\bt1 b its memb]s 7 morally passionate4 ,! disord] ( purpose1 ! spectacle ( wa/$ ef=t & folly1 :i* fill$ _m ( u ) ang]--all ?is did br+ gladness & lib]ation ( _s to ! wom5 !mselves4 ,!y felt t _! fight+ 0 noble & glori\s1 :i* x 0 n1 b !y felt ?is ) a p[] t came f ! p]v]se conviction ( _! :ole nature4 ,& we %all ne$ a conviction z passionate z ?is1 b n p]v]se1 be=e wom5 c 9 ! same way be won aga9 to an equal passion ( sacrifice & s]vice4 ,& ?is v rapture ( escape f an aimless exi/5ce 0 9 itself ! sign ( ! failure 9 wom5's lives1 a pro( t !re 01 inde$1 some?+ to be escap$ f4 ,we may n claim m ?an ?is = ! ,suffrage movem5t4 ,w>1 su* w> z is n[ loose ^u ! _w1 came to accompli% its miracles1 act+ swiftly & almo/ )\t wom5 kn[+ :at 0 be+ done4 ,! reality ( life & ( dea? has %ak5 up ev]y?+1 & ! quick pressure ( ev5ts is *ang+ all ! conditions ( life4 ,let u try to see a little m cle>ly4 ,x has be5 a common mi/ake t among/ civilis$ peoples intellectual views & peace int]e/s h sup]s$$ ! primitive fight+ in/9cts4 ,b ! cultural p]iod 9 :i* w>s h be5 exceptional & peace ! normal /ate has be5 %ort1 & is1 inde$1 only a span :5 comp>$ ) ! long hi/ory :5 m5 _h to fight 9 ord] to live4 ,?is viol5ce 0 a necess>y phase 9 human1 z 9 all animal1 developm5t4 ,w> is only an organis$ & specialis$ replacem5t ( ?is indiscrim9ate & bl9d /ruggle = life4 ,x is probable t ! in/9ct ( battle 0 once = all develop$ & fix$2 & ! "q arises1 z to :e!r we %all ev] get f> away f ?is deeply root$ /imulus to action4 ,x may ev5 be a condition ( life t we %\ld n get too f> away f x4 ,we h _h a /rik+ example ( ! en?usiasm & int]e/ evok$ by situations ( conflict & dang]1 9 ! int5se & primitive emotions reviv$ 9 all ( u by ! w>4 ,w> is ! ?und] & voice ( ! trumpet )\t :i* ! wise/ moral & political ideas nev] attract suffici5t att5tion to lead to difficult action4 ,= ! _w w n li/5 to a tru? until blood%$ & viol5ce h awak5$ its slugg>d imag9ation4 ,& 9 ^! new circum/ances we all1 wom5 z well z m51 h be5 caught by a p[]ful excitem5t4 ,! w> has u 9 its grip1 !re is no o!r ?\ght1 no o!r rem$y1 no o!r int]e/4 ,9 _m ways w> is ! mo/ unit+ ( all =ces4 ,we are all jo9$ 9 "o "w ( s]vice & co-op]ation4 ,no man or woman c turn away1 skulk 9 ! individual g>d5 ( _! own petty int]e/s1 because !y d n want to be bo!r$4 ,some?+ fre% has come1 some?+ t _h to come1 & all t w5t be=e is *ang$4 ,we see ?us t w> has br\ght to all ( u a succession ( di/urb+ revelations ( reality4 ,& ! lesson has come mo/ sev]ely on ^? ^: lives h be5 mo/ unreal4 ,"h is a =ce aga9/ :i* !re is no argum5t4 ,we are involv$ 9 a /ruggle ( ! mo/ mom5t\s dim5sions4 ,no "o z yet c m>k ! limits ( de/ruction1 & 9 ! h>%ness ( ! w>'s lesson ! /ruggle ( wom5 = sex ma/]y at once became un9t]e/+4 ,= hundr$s ( c5turies & myriads ( g5]ations ! life ( fight+ has gone on = m54 ,b wom5's opportunity waits ^u leisure & peace4 ,! savag]y ( w> br+s ! two sexes back to primitive values4 ,& ! tru? is =c$ ^u u2 we realise ! gulf :i* lies betwe5 ! man & ! woman4 ,all our days we wom5 h be5 d5y+ ?is sep>ation1 &1 enslav$ by male ideals1 h s\ght to break ?r\gh ! b>ri]s ( sex4 ,we h be5 pursu+ p[]1 wrapp+ ourselves up 9 "o g>m5t aft] ano!r1 call+ ^! cov]+s romance1 adv5ture1 "w1 individual developm5t1 & :at n2 n[ we h come 9 our he>ts to "k ! falsity ( x all4 ,some:]e 9 ! confusion ( w> />k facts await$ u4 ,we _h to face life z a reality1 n z !ories1 or movem5ts1 or sex developm5t4 ,= _m ( u wom5 ! lesson has be5 %>p & sudd54 ,w> leapt ^u u z x 7 a bea/ out ( "s hidd5 d>kness2 leapt ^u u1 hold+ u p[]less1 te>+ our illusions into %r$s ) its blood-/a9$ claws4 ,& on a sudd5 wom5 7 held by a new1 quick-/rik+1 absolute realisation ( ! tru?4 ,!y _h n se5 x nor felt l ?is be=e4 ,b ?is bea/ ( w> cr\*+ 9 front ( !m said to wom51 8,always ,i h be5 beside y wait+ = ?is h\r4 ,i h wait$ = a long "t4 ,y h /ruggl$2 y h f\ght2 y h play$2 y h come to ?9k y\rselves important 9 /range ways1 m$dl+ 9 all ! affairs ( ! _w4 ,?is y h done1 & y h le>nt mu* ( ! means ( life1 b y h ev]y?+ yet to re-le>n ab\t life itself4 8,9 all y\r /ruggles = political recognition & 9 all y\r "w reality has n t\*$ y4 ,y h fe>$ to be y\rselves4 ,y h be5 a%am$ ( y\r sexual diff]5tiation4 ,y h ga!r$ p[] ar\nd y to pret5d t y 7 ! same z m51 y\r /r5g? z _! /r5g?1 t y\r "w 0 ! same z _! "w4 ,y h mock$ at ^? qualities t 7 y\r own1 t set y ap>t f m51 d5y+ y\r womanhood4 ,y h suff]$4 ,b y w n suff] less by any su* ef=ts to escape4 ,:o c wond] t y h be5 dissatisfi$8 ,= y h wa/$ 9 ha/e ! p[] t is y\r own4 ,& consci\s (1 ?\gh n und]/&+1 ! want 9 y\r own lives1 y h be5 deeply consci\s ( ! discords 9 ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,! in/9ct ( mo!rhood has be5 /rong )9 y1 & wa/$1 x has n ceas$ to torm5t y4 8,y h ga9$ excitem5t & applause1 mu* "w y h done & _h _m triumphs4 ,x has seem$ a big ?+4 ,yet1 aft] all1 has ! ga9 be5 wor? ! paym5t8 ,h wom5 inde$ escap$ f _! prison8 ,?9k1 d y n "k deep 9 y\r he>ts t its b>s h n be5 brok580 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,position ,,( ,,wom5 ,,z ,,affect$ ,,by ,,! ,,w> ,! new conditions br\ght by ! w>--,s]i\sness ( ! position--,my object 9 writ+ a book on mo!rhood--,! ,annual ,report ( ! ,*ief ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education = #aiad--,! condemnation ( mo!rhood %[n by ! facts ( ?is ,report--,! greatness ( ! evil t we are p]mitt+--,wom5 ill-tra9$ z wom5 & incapacitat$ = _! supreme duty--,! inquiry into ! conditions ( work+-class mo!rhood made by ! ,wom5's ,co-op]ative ,guild--,! mis]able heal? ( ! mo!rs ( our work+ classes--,?is "o ( ! greate/ dang]s & social crimes ( ! day--,! heal? ( wom5 mu/ be safegu>d$--,! problem greatly increas$ by ! special w> conditions--,report issu$ by ! ,heal? ( ,munition ,work]s ,committee on 8,employm5t ( ,wom50 & 8,h\rs ( ,"w0--,! dang] ( ov]work+ wom5--,woman s[s 9 h] fle% = ! race--,%e ne$s to /ore en]gy1 n to exp5d x--,! confusion & failure 9 effici5t mo!rhood--,we h got to f9d :at ?is failure is4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,position ,,( ,,wom5 ,,z ,,affect$ ,,by ,,! ,,w> 8,to be mo!rs 7 wom5 creat$ & to be fa!rs m540--,say+s ( ,,manu4 ,i h spok5 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ! *anges t came 9 ! ?\ghts & att5tion ( wom5 9 ! fir/ few mon?s ( ! w>4 ,we saw h[ w> spoke ) a m p[]ful voice1 & ! wom5 :o _h be5 snat*+ at p[] felt ! quick5+ ( a q new _s ( humbl5ess4 ,t uplift+ 0 ! great opportunity4 ,wom5 discov]$ some?+ /rong] & m important ?an !mselves4 ,our inquiry n[ is ?is3 ,:at has happ5$ s9ce !n8 :at fre% conditions is w> develop+ or likely to develop8 ,& fir/ x is well to note ! /range p[] ( w> to /ir u into action4 ,two ye>s ago x w\ld h seem$ impossible to fe$ ! hungry & clo! ! ragg$ & to turn all ! wa/]s & slack]s into vigor\s h]oes4 ,n[ ^! ?+s h be5 done2 & mu* t 9 peace "t seem$ a f>-(f possibility has become a pres5t fact4 ,w> has a t]ribly effective way ( deal+ n only ) m5 b ) _! problems4 ,& "o result is t a q new int]e/ is be+ tak5 9 mo!rhood & *ild welf>e4 ,engl& c no long] af=d to be wa/eful ( ! lives ( h] citiz5s4 ,%e has be5 wa/eful 9 ! pa/1 & h] new mood ( c>+ mu/ be made a conviction & a purpose4 ,z a result ( ?is _w w> !re has be5 & w cont9ue to be an imm5se sacrifice ( m51 mu* 9 excess ( any w>s 9 ! pa/ hi/ory ( nations1 & x is evid5t t e bellig]5t c\ntry mu/ lose f h] be/ male /ock2 & x is n only ! physically fitte/1 b ! m5tally & morally fitte/1 t are sacrific$4 ,= ye>s to come ! bir? rates w be l[]$ ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,europe4 ,9 our own l& ! situation is "o t mu/ give fe>4 ,our dea? rate has be5 v high 9 numb]s & 9 quality1 :ile at ! same "t our bir? rate has be5 ! l[e/ on record4 ,ev5 ! civilian dea? rate has ris52 &1 wor/ & mo/ m5ac+ ( all1 ! infantile mortality rate has ris5 two p] ?\s& above ! av]age ( ! la/ two ye>s4 ,put ^! grave facts toge!r1 &1 ) ev5 a fraction ( realisation ( _! mean+1 x becomes cle> t we h to face a wa/age ( life unp>allel$ 9 ! annals ( our race4 ,:at are we go+ to d8 ,n[1 ,i am n "o :o believes 9 ! advantage1 or ev5 9 ! possibility ( any =c$ excess 9 procreative activity4 ,numb]s are ( less importance to a nation ?an ! moral1 m5tal1 & physical sup]iority ( its m54 ,! :olesale wa/e ( ^! qualities 9 w> is j :at mu/ be ( su* enorm\s m5ace to ! future4 ,! nation t does no?+ to meet ?is & to ensure z f> z possible ! sup]iority ( ! next g5]ation ( h] *ildr5 w ga9 no?+ ev5 f victory1 = x w mean only defeat 9 ! future4 ,! issues ( life & dea? h by ! lurid w>-light be5 =c$ ^u our att5tion4 ,& aga9 ,i ask1 ,:at are we go+ to d8 ,! answ] is pla94 ,?is t]rible loss ( life & ( ! =ces ( life abroad 9 w> mu/ be made good by a m intellig5t & effici5t c>e ( ! "y lives at home4 ,?is we mu/ d1 & we mu/ d x quickly4 ,x is possible = a nation by su* increas$ c>e ( ! ris+ g5]ation ( its *ildr5 to comp5sate itself = ! loss ( lives dur+ ! w> )9 a comp>atively %ort p]iod aft] ! close ( w>4 ,inde$1 if we h ! w1 z we possess ! means1 we c make x true t because ( ! w> !re w be m p--yes1 & heal?i] & happi]--9 ?is l& ( ours 9 t5 or fifte5 ye>s' "t ?an if ! w> _h nev] happ5$4 ,?is is :at we c d4 ,%all we d x8 ,! answ] is ) wom54 ,we c1 )9 limits1 d almo/ :at we please4 ,!re has come to u a great opportunity1 & out ( ! gates ( dea? itself we may snat* life4 ,mu* waits to be done1 n only 9 ! actual sav+ ( infantile life1 b fur!r1 by provid+ effective & prompt rem$ies to all bad conditions ( liv+1 s t ! heal? & ! m5tal capacity & moral "* ( ! *ildr5 dep5d5t ^u ^! conditions1 or relat$ to !m1 may be rais$ & ma9ta9$ at a "r /&>d ( effici5cy4 ,!n we h to realise t m ev5 ?an ?is is ne$$1 & t all our ef=ts w fail ( _! full effect unless we g fur!r back ?an ! *ild1 & ! problem ( ! "m be frankly fac$4 ,! "q ( infantile mortality & *ild welf>e is really ! "q ( mo!rhood4 ,& !re is n[ no ultimate ne$ ( ! ,/ate great]1 m imp]ative1 ?an ?is ( secur+ a m enlight5$ mo!rhood4 ,?is ne$ is ! reason = my book4 ,i "k t ! days ( w> are n a "t suitable ei!r = ! writ+ or read+ ( long books4 ,yet ,i (f] no apology1 s conv9c$ ,i am ( ! urg5cy ( ?is matt] ( sav+ mo!rhood t ,i _h to write4 ,! object ( my book is tw(old4 ,fir/1 to put =w>d a fre% plea = assign+ t high value to mo!rhood 9 practice :i* at pres5t x receives only 9 words4 ,?is w\ld ensure at once "r conditions = all mo!rs & all *ildr52 x w\ld also s]ve bett] ?an any?+ else to d away ) _m age-old mi/akes1 misund]/&+s & disord]4 ,9 ! second place 7or r 9 connection ) all t is said71 ,i wi% to set =? :at seem to me to be ! *ief causes t hi!rto h h9d]$ mo!rhood & b\nd my sex f ! full enjoym5t ( life2 & to sugge/ t ! reason ( ?is bondage is n1 z is s (t5 /at$1 ! aggressive selfi%ness ( m51 b is due mu* m to wom5's own actions1 to _! absurdly wrong education & entire misund]/&+ ( ! sexual life2 a misund]/&+ :i* has decid$ ! direction 9 :i* !y believ$ ! fre$om !y h be5 s ard5tly1 yet wa/efully seek+1 0 to be f\nd4 ,s t we may und]/& our pres5t failures bett]1 ,i h attempt$ to seek causes & to sugge/ reasons4 ,my inquiry rea*es back be=e human p>5?ood & exam9es ! p>5tal in/9ct 9 its mak+2 x %[s ! way & = :at reason ?is in/9ct ( c>+ = ! "y became fix$ & /rong] 9 ! "m ?an 9 ! fa!r4 ,x sets out f ?is beg9n+1 &1 aft] a %ort *apt] on primitive mo!rhood1 passes to ! consid]ation ( wom5 & ! home1 m>riage z x affects p>5?ood1 ! unm>ri$ "m & sexual relation%ips outside ( m>riage1 z well z o!r alli$ que/ions4 ,x tries to (f] a practical solution to "s ( ! problems involv$1 9 p>ticul> ! problem ( education & new ideals ( conduct & sexual heal? = all girls4 ,x recomm5ds a revolution 9 our s*ools & me?ods ( tra9+2 *anges t mu/1 z ,i believe1 be made1 unless we are prep>$ to accept z inevitable ! decay ( mo!rhood1 z well z an increas+ failure ( happ9ess 9 m>riage1 ) its result+ antagonism betwe5 sex & sex4 ,b to return to ?is pres5t introductory *apt]4 ,i h ^u my /udy table two docum5ts4 ,! "o is t f :i* ,i h tak5 ! quotation plac$ be=e ?is op5+ section ( my book4 ,x is ! ,annual ,report = #aiad1b ( ! ,*ief ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,! second consi/s ( two pamphlets on ! ,heal? ( ,munition ,work]s1 treat+ ( ! ,h\rs ( ,"w & ,employm5t ( ,wom51 bo? prep>$ by ! comm& ( ,"r ,hon4 ,d4 ,lloyd ,george1 & publi%$ 9 connection ) ! important illu/rat$ ,report1 :i* %[s & expla9s all ! num]\s & diff]5t eng9e]+ op]ations on :i* wom5 are n[ engag$ 9 munition "w4 ,! object ( ! ,report is to attract m wom5 work]s2 b x is ) ! two pamphlets ,i am conc]n$4 ,= ! pres5t1 h[ev]1 ,i %all leave !m1 return+ to !m lat] 9 ord] to %[ h[ closely !y are connect$ ) ! o!r ,report1 :i* treats ( infant mortality1 *ild disease & neglect1 & all ! wa/age ( mo!rhood4 ,x is on ! %ameful significance ( ! facts giv5 9 ?is ,report t we mu/ n[ fix our att5tion4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d a m complete condemnation ( mo!rhood4 ,! ,report is full ( condemn+ facts4 ,=1 let u n disguise x f ourselves t1 9 spite ( mu* t has be5 done1 _m ef=ts & real improvem5ts1 mo!rhood rema9s v evil2 ab\t ! lives ( little *ildr5 lurk cruelties1 disease1 dirt1 & neglect t ought n to be p]mitt$4 ,let me take "o gr\p ( facts f ?is ,report2 facts t cry out to u all h[ urg5tly wrong ?+s are4 ,9 ! ye> #aiad1 #ib1aff *ildr5 di$ 9 ,engl& & ,wales "u "o ye> ( age4 ,?9k ( ! wanton wa/age3 9 e ?\s& *ildr5 born "o hundr$ & five h di$4 ,_! numb] ( ! ye>'s toll ( new lives rea*es close up to ! record$ dea?s = ! fir/ fifte5 mon?s ( w>6#c ,& ! evil does n end "h1 = ! bad conditions :i* kill ^! babies act also 9 maim+ & disabl+1 or at lea/ 9 l[]+ ! heal? /&>d1 ( _m ( ! *ildr5 :o live1 & ?us add to ! numb] ( ^? :o die 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( *ildhood1 or survive only ) enfeebl$ bodies & defective m9ds4 ,&1 fur!r1 no acc\nt is tak5 "h ( ! lives t are lo/ be=e bir? takes place3 ,i mean ! /ill bir?s & abortions1 ! ante-natal dea?s ( :i* no record is kept4 ,our t5d5cy is to assume t life beg9s at ! bir?1 :]eas ! life ( ea* *ild />ts at ! mom5t ( its conception4 ,?us ! bir? rate is really ! survival f ! conception rate4 ,& ! de/ruction ( life be=e bir? f adv]se ante-natal conditions is probably l>g] ?an ! dea? rate 9 ! fir/ po/-natal ye>4 ,y w see t ! problem is suffici5tly grave4 ,& ?is unnecess>y wa/e--= x is unnecess>y--is go+ on e ye>1 & w g on until we beg9 to feel x /rongly en\gh to take action to prev5t x4 ,x c be prev5t$4 ,! *ief causes ( infant mortality are briefly two-- 7#a7 ,poor physique ( ! "m or inh]itable disease 9 "o or o!r p>5t1 caus+ premature bir?s ) weak5$ con/itutions & cong5ital defects 9 ! *ildr54 7#b7 ,ignorance ( mo!rs 9 appropriate infant c>e & l[ /&>d ( home life2 bad fe$+ & insanit>y conditions are acc\ntable = ! great] numb] ( *ild dea?s4 ,we f9d ! infantile dea? rate is mu* high] 9 urban communities ?an x is 9 rural ,engl&4 ,x is well to give a table to %[ ?is-- ,,annual ,,rates ,,p] ,,annual ,,rates #ajjj ,,liv+ ,,p] #ajjj ,,bir?s ,di>rha & ,infant ,bir? ,rate4 ,dea? ,rate4 ,ent]itis ,mortality 7"u two ,rate4 ye>s74 ,engl& & ,wales #bc4h #ac4g #bj4d #aje #ig great t[ns 7includ+ ,london7 #be4j #ae4j #bf4a #aad #ade small] t[ns #bc4i #ac4a #ai4h #ajd ,engl& & ,wales less ! #bdb t[ns #bb4b #ab4d #ab4f #ic ,london #bd4c #ad4d #bg4f #ajd ,consid] ! reason = ?is diff]5ce 9 ! dea? rates--#aad dea?s p] #ajjj 9 ! great t[ns1 #ajd 9 ! small] t[ns1 & #ic 9 ! c\ntry di/ricts4 ,does n ?is prove t *ildr5 are kill$ by ! conditions into :i* !y are born4 ,x is obvi\s t urbanisation1 ) all t x means ( unheal?y liv+1 ) factory "w & ! employm5t ( wom51 ex]ts a pr(\nd effect on ! lives & heal? ( little *ildr54 ,a portion ( infant & *ild mortality repres5ts1 ,i well "k1 ! removal f life ( diseas$ *ildr5 :o ought nev] to h be5 born1 & w\ld n h be5 born "u diff]5t sexual conditions1 = ?is1 above all1 is a "q ( in/ruct$ mo!rhood4 ,i am n =gett+ ?is side ( ! problem4 ,b ^! *ildr51 doom$ to dea? f ! "t !y are conceiv$1 repres5t a fraction only ( our infant mortality4 ,! va/ majority ( babies are born heal?y2 x is we :o kill !m4 ,?\gh ! fact ( ! fall+ bir? rate is be+ %\t$ al\d ) an ev]-increas+ fe> & insi/5ce1 ! pla91 simple fact is neglect$2 x is absurd to g on hav+ m babies if we c't fir/ c>e en\gh to keep alive ! babies t we h4 ,!re are /ill too _m bir?s = our civilisation to look aft]2 we are /ill unfit to be tru/$ ) a ris+ bir? rate4#d ,let u consid] n[ h[ our neglect acts on ! *ildr5 :o fight ?r\gh ! fir/ ye>s ( infancy4 ,i c take a few facts only *os5 almo/ at haz>d f ! mass ( simil> evid5ce 9 ! ,educational ,report4 ,9 ,london1 out ( #bid1jjj *ildr5 m$ically exam9$1 #aja1jjj or ne>ly half1 7 f\nd to be 9 ne$ ( treatm5t4 ,9 ,engl& & ,wales #cia1ceb *ildr5 ( s*ool age 7 m$ically att5d$4 ,a summ>y ( ! returns %[s a wide preval5ce ( v]m9\s uncleanness1 ! p]c5tage be+ #ah4a p] c5t4 = ! heads & #aa4h p] c5t4 = ! bodies ( ! *ildr54 ,aga9 ! figures %[ unclean conditions to be mo/ preval5t 9 ! t[ns1 9 "s in/ances ! p]c5tage ris+ z high z ?irty unclean *ildr5 out ( ea* hundr$ *ildr5 exam9$4 ,i ask y to ?9k :at ?is implies4 ,! nutrition ( ! *ildr5 is equally bad1 ! diff]5t c\nties v>y+ 9 p]c5tage betwe5 five & tw5ty4 ,/ockton-on-,tees has ! un5viable di/9ction ( /&+ ! highe/--?irty out ( ea* hundr$ ( its *ildr5 %[+ signs ( malnutrition4 ,! same ,report %[s ! fatal preval5ce among ! *ildr5 ( rickets1 eye disease1 dis*>g+ e>s1 & diseases ( ! ?roat & nose4#e ,! proportion ( defective tee? is high] ?an any malady & (t5 exce$s sev5ty & eighty p] c5t4 ( ! s*ool entrants4 ,we %\ld note t insuffici5t or unsuitable food is ! *ief cause ( malnutrition & illness 9 *ildr51 & inve/igations seem to %[ t wrong fe$+ is ! m preval5t4 ,?us ,dr4 ,g\ld1 writ+ ( ! *ildr5 he exam9$ 9 ,bolton1 says1 8x is obvi\s t defective nutrition is due to dietetic ignorance on ! p>5ts' "p or to p>5tal neglect40 ,dr4 ,macdonald ( ,nor?ampton1 report+ on #ddh cases exam9$ 9 #aiad1 corroborates ?is view1 /at+ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 report ( ad5oidal *ildr51 8,_m are suff]+1 n f insuffici5cy ( food 7t1 ,i ?9k1 f> f common 9 ,nor?ampton71 b f bad food & badly prep>$ food40 ,aga91 ,dr4 ,orr ( ,%rewsbury writes1 8,! subject ( unsuitable food is a v important "o4 ,! wom5 ( ! work+ classes (t5 %[ a surpris+ ignorance ( ! prop] me?ods ( cook+ = family requirem5ts1 a want ( k ( ! value & suitability ( food /uffs1 & too (t5 a g5]al incompet5ce respect+ h\sehold managem5t40#f ,i may add z corroboration an in/ance f my own k2 "o t w\ld be comic1 if x 7 n s pite\s4 ,a p>ty ( poor work+s girls 7 invit$ to a meal2 !y 7 ask$ :at !y w\ld l to h to eat4 ,!y answ]$1 8,bread & pickles10 & add$1 8,pickles are s su/a9+60 ,:o c d\bt ! greatness ( ! evil t is go+ on8 ,i c\ld add _m m facts at lea/ equally impressive ) ! few t ,i h giv51 all witness+ to weakness 9 ! con/itution ( our *ildr51 to disease & dirt1 & e o!r pa9ful result ( ignorance & neglect4 ,& does n all ?is speak ( unfit mo!rhood2 ( wom5 ill-tra9$ z wom5 & incapacitat$ = _! supreme duty8 ,!re is failure some:]e4 ,we h to f9d out :]e t failure is4 ,= ,i wi% to make x v cle> t ,i am n blam+ ! individual "m4 ,:at ,i d blame are ! conditions ( our civilisation t h call$ h] into be+4 ,i h be=e me ! admirable b inf9itely di/ress+ book1 ,mat]nity3 ,lett]s f ,work+ ,wom54 ,!y are ! outcome ( an inquiry into ! condition ( work+-class mo!rhood made by ! ,wom5's ,co-op]ative ,guild4 ,no?+ t ,i c say1 or t any o!r writ] c\ld say1 c h ! reality & ! bitt] vividness ( ^! lett]s writt5 by ! wom5 !mselves4 ,i am able to quote only scatt]$ s5t5ces tak5 f a few lett]s j z !y come & )\t special selection4 7#a7 ,,"m ,,injur$ ,,9 ,,girlhood 8,?r\gh be+ left )\t a "m :5 a baby--fa!r 0 a v l>ge f>m] & girls 7 expect$ to d m5's "w--,i1 at ! age ( sixte51 lift$ weights t de=m$ ! pelvis bones1 !re=e mak+ conf9em5t a v difficult case4 ,i h five f9e heal?y girls1 b ! boys h all _h to h ! skull-bones tak5 away to get !m pa/ ! pelvis4''' ,i wi% m c\ld be done to tra9 gr[+ girls to be m c>eful40 7#b7 ,a ,,wage-,,e>n+ ,,"m 8,i myself _h "s v h>d times1 z ,i _h to g out to "w 9 ! mill4 ,i 0 a weav] & we _h a lot ( lift+ to d4 ,my fir/ baby 0 born be=e its "t1 f me lift+ my piece (f ! loom onto my %\ld]4''' ,if ,i _h be5 able to take c>e ( myself ,i %\ld n h _h to suff] z ,i did = sev5 weeks be=e ! baby 0 born1 & = ?ree mon?s aft]1 & !n !re 0 ! baby suff]+ z well1 z he 0 a weak little ?+ = a long "t1 & co/ p\nds t c\ld h be5 sav$ _h ,i be5 able to /ay at home & look aft] myself40 7#c7 ,a ,,"m',s ,,injury ,,to ,,h] ,,daught]s 8,i am v pleas$ to say t1 hav+ "o ( ! be/ ( husb&s1 ,i suff]$ no?+ dur+ pregnancy1 only ailm5ts ( my own caus$ ?r\gh my "m hav+ to "w 9 ! bricky>d dur+ h] pregnancy ) me4 ,t1 ,i am sorry to say1 is ! cause ( my own & my si/]'s illness ''' & t ?+ w g on until wom5 give up h>d "w dur+ pregnancy40 7#d7 ,,work$ ,,too ,,h>d ,,z ,a ,,girl 8,my ?ird *ild 0 born n9e ye>s aft] ! second4''' ,%e liv$ six h\rs1 & 0 convuls$ f bir?4 ,! doctor's op9ion 0 t ,i _h work$ too h>d z a girl lift+ heavy weights1 !re=e weak5+ ! :ole sy/em40 7#e7 ,,! ,,results ,,( ,,pov]ty 8,i ?9k a great deal ( suff]+ is caus$ to ! "m & *ild dur+ pregnancy by lack ( n\ri%m5t & re/1 comb9$ ) bad h\s+ arrangem5ts4 ,! majority ( work+ wom5 be=e m>riage h be5 us$ to /&+ a great deal at _! "w1 br++ ab\t mu* suff]+ :i* does n tell s]i\sly until aft] m>riage1 p>ticul>ly dur+ pregnancy4''' ,i believe t bad h\s+ arrangem5ts h a v bad effect on mo!rs dur+ pregnancy4 ,i "k ( /reets ( h\ses :]e !re are l>ge factories built1 tak+ ! :ole ( ! daylight away f ! kit*51 :]e ! woman sp5ds ! be/ "p ( h] life4 ,on ! top ( ?is y get ! cont9ual gr9d+ ( ma*9]y4 ,! "m wond]s :at %e has to live =2 if !re is ano!r baby com+ %e hopes x w be dead :5 x is born4 ,! result is %e beg9s to take drugs4''' ,all ?is tells on ! woman1 physically & m5tally2 c y wond] at wom5 turn+ to dr9k80 7#f7 ,,ano!r ,,case ,,( ,,pov]ty ,,& ,,ov]work 8,! fir/ "p ( my life ,i sp5t 9 a screw factory f six 9 ! morn+ till five at night1 & aft] tea us$ to d my wa%+ & clean+4 ,i only left two weeks & ?ree weeks be=e my fir/ *ildr5 7 born4 ,aft] t ,i took 9 lodg]s & wa%+1 & always work$ up till an h\r or s be=e baby 0 born4 ,! results 7 t ?ree ( my girls suff] ) _! insides4 ,none are able to h a baby4 ,"o de> boy 0 born ruptur$ on acc\nt ( my previ\s h>d "w40 7#g7 ,,! ,,evil ,,( ,,sexual ,,ignorance 8,judg+ f my own exp]i5ce1 a fair am\nt ( k at ! comm5cem5t ( pregnancy w\ld d a lot ( good4 ,"o may h a good "m :o w\ld be will+ to give in=mation1 b to p l myself y\r "m is ! la/ p]son y w\ld talk to ab\t y\rself or y\r /ate4''' ,i h le>nt ! mo/ useful ?+s s9ce my *ildr5 grew up4 ,! idea t y impress ! *ild all ?r\gh ) y\r habits & ways1 or t its heal? is to a great ext5t h9d]$ or help$ by y\r own well-be+1 0 q unkn[n to me40 7#h7 ,,ano!r ,,case 8,:5 ,i 0 m>ri$1 ,i _h to leave my own t[n to g out into ! _w1 z x 71 & :5 ,i _h to h my fir/ baby1 ,i knew absolutely no?+1 n ev5 h[ !y 7 born4 ,i _h _m a "t ?\ght h[ cruel 7n wilfully1 p]haps7 my "m 0 n to tell me all ab\t ! subject :5 ,i left home4''' ,:5 my baby 0 born ,i _h be5 9 my lab\r = ?irty-six h\rs1 & did n "k :at 0 ! matt] ) me4''' ,x 0 only a sev5-mon?s baby1 & ,i feel q sure if ,i _h be5 told any?+ ab\t pregnancy x w\ld n h happ5$4 ,i c>ri$ a heavy piece ( oilclo?1 :i* br\ght on lab\r4''' ,i knew v little ab\t fe$+ *ildr51 :5 !y cri$ ,i gave !m ! brea/4 ,if ,i _h kn[n !n :at ,i "k n[ my *ildr5 w\ld h be5 liv+4 ,i 0 ignorant1 & _h to suff] sev]ely = x1 = x ne>ly co/ me my life1 & also ^? ( my *ildr54 ,i v (t5 pond] ov] ?is "p ( my life4 ,i mu/ n say any?+ ab\t my "m n[1 because %e is dead1 b ,i _c help ?9k+ :at might h be5 if %e _h told me40 7#i7 ,,heal?y ,,mo!rhood1 ,,giv5 ,,z ,a ,,contra/ 8,al?\gh ,i h _h eight *ildr5 & "o misc>riage1 ,i am afraid my exp]i5ce w\ld n help y 9 ! lea/1 z ,i am suppos$ to be "o ( ^? wom5 :o c /& any?+4 ,dur+ my pregnancy1 ,i h always be5 able to d my own "w4 8,) ! boys lab\r has only la/$ tw5ty m9utes1 girls a little long]4 ,i h nev] ne$$ a doctor's help1 & x has always be5 ov] be=e he came4''' ,my idea is t ev]y?+ dep5ds on h[ a woman lives1 & h[ heal?y %e 0 born4 ,i _h ! advantage ( nev] hav+ to "w be=e ,i 0 m>ri$ & nev] h want$ = money1 s :5 ! /ruggle came ,i _h a /rong con/itution to battle ) x all40 7#aj7 ,,ano!r ,,=tunate ,,case 8,i mu/ be "o ( ! =tunate ones4 ,i h always _h fairly good heal? dur+ pregnancy & good times at conf9em5ts & gett+ up4''' ,i owe my good heal? to be+ well n\ri%$ & look$ aft] by my "m :5 ,i 0 a gr[+ girl4 ,i ?9k if all "y girls ( to-day are prop]ly c>$ =1 x w make all ! diff]5ce to ! mo!rs ( ! future1 & save mu* suff]+ dur+ pregnancy & aft]40 ,i %\ld l to quote fur!r f ^! lett]s1 :i* h fill$ me ) a passion ( prote/ & pity4 ,b :y %\ld ,i g on br++ fre% argum5ts to prove :at already is suffici5tly cle>8 ,give b a mom5t's att5tion to ! facts t /& out 9 ^! eight summ>is$ cases1 & at once y w grasp :at is wrong4 ,^! mo!rs h n be5 equal to _! task ( *ild-be>+2 we h dem&$ f !m too mu*4 ,we h p]mitt$ ! weak5+ ( _! con/itutions f girlhood ) unsuitable & too heavy "w1 & we h all[$ !m to gr[ up & m>ry sexually ignorant4 ,:at wond] t s _m h fail$ 9 _! supreme "w ( mo!rhood4 ,! wom5 bitt]ly feel ?is failure2 _m ( !m are conv9c$ ( ! evils t h result$ to !mselves & _! *ildr5 f _! own ov]/ra9 ?r\gh "w & _! ignorance ( sexual hygi5e & "m-craft4 ,take n[ a few briefly summ>is$ results ( all ^! ?ree hundr$ & =ty-eight exam9$ cases ( mo!rhood4 ,we f9d ! foll[+ figures3 ,total numb] ( live bir?s1 #a1cif1 #hj /ill-bir?s & #bah misc>riages4 ,^! figures speak = !mselves4 ,x is probable all misc>riages are n giv51 b ev5 ^? t are /at$ %[ a pre-natal dea? rate ( #ba4c p] #ajj dea?s4 ,& we h no record ( abortions1 :i*1 )\t d\bt1 are v num]\s4 ,accord+ to "s m$ical au?orities ! frequ5cy ( abortion 8is believ$ to be ab\t #bj to #be p] c5t4 ( all pregnancies40 ,consid] ! foll[+ facts3 two ( ^! wom5 ea* _h t5 misc>riages2 "o woman _h eight misc>riages & no liv+ *ild1 :ile a second woman1 aft] suff]+ sev5 misc>riages1 consol$ h] mo!rhood by adopt+ an orphan boy2 ano!r woman gave bir? to five dead *ildr52 ! record ( /ill ano!r woman is ?ree /ill-bir?s & f\r misc>riages4 ,! la/ ( ^! mo!rs writes3 8,i _h to "w v h>d to d ev]y?+ = my little family1 & aft] t ,i nev] _h any m *ildr5 to live4 ,i ei!r misc>ri$ or !y 7 /ill-born40 ,! po/-natal dea?s are also num]\s4 ,( ! ?ree hundr$ & =ty-eight mo!rs1 eighty-six 7or #bd4g p] c5t47 lo/ *ildr5 9 ! fir/ ye> ( life4 ,! total numb] ( dea?s rises to #abb1 or #h4g p] #ajj live bir?s1 & x %\ld be not$ t #ej p] c5t41 or "o half ( ^! dea?s1 occurr$ dur+ ! fir/ mon? ( infantile life or 7 due to wrong bir? conditions :5 dea? 0 aft] ! fir/ mon?4 ,x seems useless to comm5t fur!r ^u ^! facts2 ! figures speak ) suffici5t cle>ness = !mselves4 ,i w\ld ask y1 h[ev]1 to rememb] !m2 ,i w\ld ask y to try to und]/& all t !y mean ( our deplorable neglect ( mo!rhood4 ,= long we h be5 p]si/5tly assum+ t ! *>act]i/ics ( ! *ild at bir? are g5etic or h]$it>y & !re=e c be b slightly affect$ by a fav\rable or an adv]se nurture4 ,?is is a mon/r\s error4 ,v few inde$ are ! defects & ! diseases t are inevitable & "p ( ! bir?-inh]itance1 r !y are traceable directly to malnutrition or poison 9 ! "m1 & by ?is means ! fre% life is weak5$ or infect$ be=e x is born4 ,s mu* ! great] is ! importance ( ante-natal nurture4 ,! *ild c be sav$ only ?r\gh ! "m4 ,inf]ior mo!rs mu/ result 9 inf]ior *ildr54 ,& :at we ne$ n[ = ! future ma9t5ance & welf>e ( our race 9 adequate numb]s & quality1 is a spe$y & practical recognition ( ! tru? t no?+ w avail u if we s educate1 tra91 & "w our wom5 t z mo!rs !y fail 9 _! creative h\r4 ,let u n[ consid] briefly h[ ^! matt]s /& 9 our l& at ! pres5t "t1 & let u exam9e !m 9 ! light ( ^! facts we h e/abli%$ ( an ov]-burd5$ &1 !re=e1 unfit mo!rhood4 ,& ! fir/ ?+ we f9d is t ! special conditions br\ght ab\t by ! ,great ,w> h greatly increas$ ! problem we h to solve4 ,i h already ref]r$ to ! ,report issu$ by ! ,heal? ( ,munition ,work]s ,committee on 8,employm5t ( ,wom50 & 8,h\rs ( ,"w40 ,!y give summ>y acc\nts ( ! conditions ( wom5's lab\r & :at is actually go+ on4 ,i confess t :at is /at$ has fill$ me ) ! grave/ fe>s4 ,i w give a few ( ! facts z !y are set d[n4 8,! engagem5t ( wom5 9 ! manufacture ( munitions pres5ts _m features ( out/&+ int]e/4 ,probably ! mo/ /rik+ is ! univ]sal "* ( _! response to ! c\ntry's call = help2 b ( equal social & indu/rial significance is ! ext5sion ( ! employm5t ( m>ri$ wom51 ! ext5sion ( ! employm5t ( "y girls & ! revival ( ! employm5t ( wom5 at night40 ,) reg>d to ! class ( wom5 employ$ we le>n-- 8,! munition work]s ( to-day include dressmak]s1 laundry work]s1 %op assi/ants1 univ]sity & art /ud5ts1 wom5 & girls ( e social grade & ( no previ\s wage-e>n+ exp]i5ce1 also1 9 l>ge numb]s1 wives & wid[s ( soldi]s1 _m m>ri$ wom5 :o _h retir$ altoge!r f indu/rial life1 & _m aga9 :o _h nev] ent]$ x4 ,9 ! "* ( ! response lies l>gely ! secret ( its indu/rial success1 :i* is rem>kable4 ,! fact t wom5 & girls ( all types & ages h press$ & are press+ into indu/ry %[s a _s ( patriotism :i* is z f9ely ma9ta9$ z x 0 quickly %[n40 ,! prodigi\s ef=ts ( w> are employ+ en]gies t h nev] be5 employ$ be=e4 ,& !re is some?+ f9e 9 ! obdurate c\rage & det]m9ation ( wom5 to g ?r\gh ) _! "w4 ,! _s ( woman does n easily resi/4 ,ah6 !re is ! dang]4 ,x is s difficult to induce any woman to recognise ! limits ( h] physical p[]s4 ,i am c]ta91 too1 t ?is dang] ( reckless ov]/ra9 is great] 9 ,engl& ?an 9 _m o!r l&s :]e wom5 are work+1 = "h cu/om & our habits ( curi\s prud]y =ce a woman to treat h] sexual life z if x did n exi/4 ,?is is ! deep root ( ! dang]4 ,?us1 j z ,i %\ld expect1 ! report goes on-- 8,conditions ( "w are accept$ )\t "q & )\t compla9t :i*1 imm$iately detrim5tal to output1 w\ld1 if cont9u$1 be ultimately disa/r\s to heal?4 ,x is = ! nation to safegu>d ! devotion ( its work]s by its =esight & wat*fulness1 le/ irrep>able h>m be done to body & m9d bo? 9 ?is g5]ation & 9 ! next40 ,! necessity ( w> has reviv$1 aft] almo/ a c5tury ( disuse1 ! night employm5t ( wom5 9 factories4#g ,! report %[s ! det]ioration 9 ! heal? & en]gy ( ! wom51 due p>tly to ov]/ra9 f want ( sleep & prop] re/1 b also to ! difficulty ! work]s f9d 9 eat+ at night4 ,we read-- 8,9 "o factory visit$ at night ! manag] /at$ t fatigue prev5t$ _m ( ! wom5 mak+ ! ef=t to g f !re to ! mess room1 ?\gh 9 itself ! room 0 attractive4 ,9 ano!r1 visit$ also by night1 sev]al wom5 7 ly+1 dur+ ! meal h\r1 beside _! piles ( heap$-up "w2 :ile o!rs1 lat]1 7 asleep beside _! ma*9es1 facts :i* be> additional witness to ! relative failure ( ^! h\rs4 ,a few wom5 ( r>e physique )/& ! /ra9 suffici5tly to ma9ta9 a reasonable output1 b ! flagg+ ef=t ( ! majority is n only unproductive at ! mom5t1 x has its influ5ce also ^u ! subsequ5t output1 :i* suff]s z 9 a vici\s circle40 ,! report %[s pla9ly ! de/ruction t is tak+ place 9 ! home life ( ! work]s4 ,x /ates-- 8,:ile ! urg5t necessity = wom5's "w rema9s1 & :ile ! "m's "t & ! "t ( ! eld] girls is l>gely giv5 to ! mak+ ( munitions1 ! home & ! y\ng] *ildr5 mu/ inevitably suff]4 ,:]e home conditions are bad1 z !y frequ5tly are1 :]e a long work+ day is aggravat$ by long h\rs ( travell+1 & :]e1 9 addition1 h\s+ accommodation is inadequate1 family life is defac$ beyond recognition40 ,aga91 take ?is passage-- 8,(t51 f> f (f]+ a re/ f ! fatigue ( ! day1 ! home conditions (f] b fre% aggravation4 ,a day begun at #d or ev5 #c4cj a4m41 = "w at #f a4m41 foll[$ by f\rte5#h h\rs 9 ! factory & ano!r two or two & a half h\rs on ! j\rney back1 may end at #aj or #aj4cj p4m41 9 a home or lodg+ :]e ! prevail+ degree ( ov]cr[d+ precludes all possibility ( com=table re/4 ,b$s are nev] empty & rooms are nev] air$1 = 9 a badly cr[d$ di/rict ! b$s1 l ! occupants1 are organis$ 9 day & night %ifts4 ,9 su* conditions ( confusion1 pressure & ov]cr[d+1 home life c h no exi/5ce40 ,! ov]/ra9 ( ! wom5 is increas$ by _! difficulty 9 obta9+ liv+ accommodation ne> to ! factories4 8,x is f> f uncommon n[ to f9d "s two or ?ree h\rs sp5t on ! j\rney ea* way1 g5]ally "u ! fatigu+ conditions ( an ov]cr[d$ tram or tra91 (t5 ) long waits & a sev]e /ruggle be=e ev5 /&+ room c be obta9$4 ,! sup]9t5d5t ( a factory situat$ 9 a conge/$ di/rict /at$ t ! wom5 con/antly arrive ) _! clo!s torn 9 ! /ruggle = a tra91 ! sat*el 9 :i* !y br+ _! tea be+ sometimes torn away4 ,! work]s 7 ( an exceptionally ref9$ type1 to :om su* r\gh h&l+ %\ld be altoge!r unfamili>1 b !y bore ^! conditions ) *e]ful resolution40 ,:at are ! results go+ to be8 ,wom5 h no "r to be> su* conditions ) *e]ful resolution4 ,& x is j ?is acceptance ( s _m ?+s t nev] ought to be accept$ t fills me ) appreh5sion4 ,y see1 ,i believe !re is a mu* deep] cause ?an ! urg5cies ( ! w> :i* is caus+ wom5 to sp5d _! /r5g? 9 indu/rial "w4 ,did ,i n ?9k ?is1 !re w\ld be little ne$ = me to write4 ,i "k t wom5's lab\r at ! pres5t crisis is a matt] ( necessity4 ,h[ ! "w is to be done ) ! lea/ possible injury to ! work]s is ! "q ( ! pres5t4 ,= x is equally mom5t\s to ! future t ! /&>d ( heal? & well-be+ ( ! c\ntry %\ld be ma9ta9$4 ,! problem is1 h[ mu* "w & ( :at k9d c wom5 d comb9$ ) p]fect heal?4 ,! heal? we mu/ h1 = x is requisite = ! life ( ! race4 ,no d\bt ,nature is prodigal 9 h] gifts ( en]gy to wom5 & provides en\gh = high-pressure "w4 ,b :at we =get is ?is3 ! total am\nt ( en]gy is /rictly limit$1 & if wom5 use up 9 "w ! en]gy t ought to be /or$ = *ild-be>+1 !y are prep>+ ! way = an enfeebl$ race4 ,?us ! problem ( wom5's lab\r w n be solv$ until h] "w no m unfits h] to be a "m ?an man's "w unfits him to be a fa!r4 ,woman s[s 9 h] fle% = ! race1 & because ! dem&s ( sex are /rong] ^u h] %e has to /ore m = ! future ?an ! man2 %e _c exp5d s mu* 9 "w 9 ! pres5t4 ,i h tri$ n[ to %[ 9 ?is & ! prec$+ *apt] ! pres5t & urg5t ne$ ( an inquiry into ! conditions ( mo!rhood4 ,! facts we h consid]$ give1 ,i feel1 suffici5t pro( ( our imm5se failure4 ,our attempt mu/ be to br+ ord] :]e we h _h confusion4 ,we h got to end ?is disa/r\s squ&]+ ( wom5's en]gies2 a bankrupt exp5diture :i* mu/ result 9 :olesale wa/e 9 heal? & ! lives ( little *ildr54 ,& ,i d n allude "h only to ! obvi\s imm$iate rem$ies4 ,^! w h to be made4 ,! ef=ts = r$uc+ infantile mortality mu/ be su* z w h la/+ & sub/antial effect4 ,feeble t9k]+s ) su* a "q are ! deepe/ fooli%ness4 ,engl& c be indiff]5t to ! heal? & well-be+ ( wom5 no long]1 = %e _c af=d to lose *ildr5 by t5s ( ?\s&s & to let ! survivors be maim$ & weak5$ by ! million4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n all2 no legislation or social recon/ruction--n any outw>d *ange1 c accompli% alone :at ne$s to be done4 ,i am v c]ta9 ( ?is4 ,! wret*$ confusion & failure 9 effici5t mo!rhood1 :i* repeats itself ev]y:]e1 aga9 & aga91 & 9 all classes ( wom51 mu/ be due to some?+ m ?an indu/rialism & ! hide\s1 ugly pressure ( "w = wom51 n[ s />tl+ly increas$ by ! urg5cies ( w>2 x mu/ be due to some?+ /rong] & m fundam5tal1 to "s inw>d cause4 ,we mu/1 ,i ?9k1 look to f9d "s g5]al & ess5tial failure 9 wom5 !mselves--"s uns\ndness 9 _! desires & _! ideals1 & 9 ! pr9ciples !y h set d[n = ! conduct ( _! lives4 ,we h got to f9d :at ?is failure is4 ,,note4--,! ,annual ,report = #aiae ( ! ,*ief ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education has be5 issu$ s9ce ?is *apt] 0 writt54 ,! conditions h n mat]ially *ang$ s9ce ! previ\s ye>4 ,t5 p] c5t4 ( all ! *ildr5 att5d+ ! ,elem5t>y ,s*ools suff] f malnutrition1 due l>gely to unsuitable & insuffici5t food4 ,!re is /ill a l>ge am\nt ( uncleanl9ess--! returns %[ ab\t #af p] c5t4 ( ! *ildr5 h dirty heads1 & #ae p] c5t4 dirty bodies4 ,a fur!r evil has aris5 f ! greatly increas$ employm5t ( *ildr5 ( s*ool age2 dur+ "o ye> #de1jjj *ildr5 h left s*ool be=e ! usual age1 & #ae1jjj are tempor>ily employ$ 9 agriculture4 ,9 addition1 m *ildr5 are work+ z 8half-tim]s0 & z work]s out ( s*ool h\rs4 ,?is wa/eful employm5t ( ! "y life ( ! future mu/1 z ! ,report /ates1 lead to physical & m5tal det]ioration4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,mat]nal ,,in/9ct ,,9 ,,! ,,mak+ 8,b :at is ! use ( ?is hi/ory1 :at is ! use ( all ?is m9ute rese>*8 ,i well "k t x w n produce a fall 9 ! price ( pap]1 a rise 9 t ( crates ( rott5 cabbages1 or o!r s]i\s ev5ts ( t k9d1 :i* cause fleets to be mann$ & set p face to face int5t on "o ano!r's ext]m9ation4 ,! insect does n aim at s mu* glory4 ,x conf9es itself to %[+ u life 9 ! inexhau/ible v>iety ( its manife/ations2 x helps u to deciph] 9 "s small measure ! obscure/ book ( all--! book ( ourselves40--,,h5ri ,,fabre4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,insect ,,p>5?ood ,! necessity ( beg9n+ ! inve/igation ( mo!rhood be=e human p>5?ood--,! in/9ct n fix$ b dep5d5t on circum/ances & ! conditions ( life--,exp]im5ts 9 family life--,bewild]+ div]sity 9 /r5g? ( p>5tal in/9ct--,num]\s cases ( insect home mak]s--,dome/ic economy ( bees & ants--,does ! ^w 8in/9ct0 expla9--,p>5tal devotion ( ! sc>abee beetles--,fabre's acc\nt--,important to note 7#a7 connection betwe5 =m ( union or m>riage ( ! sexes & p>5tal devotion1 7#b7 connection betwe5 degree ( intellig5ce 9 ! p>5t & am\nt ( c>e devot$ to ! "y4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,insect ,,p>5?ood 8,!re c be few p alive :o h n rem>k$ on occasion t m5 are ! creatures ( circum/ances4 ,b x is "o ?+ to /ate a belief ( ?is sort 9 "s incid5tal application1 & q ano!r to realise x completely40--,h4 ,g4 ,,wells4 ,?is /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,wells t ,i h plac$ at ! head ( ! *apt] w expla9 ! reason :y ,i f9d x necess>y to g back to ! grey primeval dawn ( life to />t my inquiry into mo!rhood4 ,i want to e/abli% t ! in/9ct ( c>+ = ! "y is n fix$1 t x does n always develop 9 ! same way or 9 ! same p>5t1 b r t x is a quality1 fluid & ( indet]m9ate possibilities1 t c be set & %ap$ by ! conditions ( life z wax is %ap$ by a m\ld4 ,& ,i "k no o!r way to make ?is cle>4 ,! few scatt]$ facts t ,i h be5 able to ga!r toge!r tell ! miracles ( ! p>5tal in/9ct4 ,!y mu/1 ,i ?9k1 tea* u humility4 ,let u ?r[ aside ! g>m5ts ( conceit & false le>n+1 & recognise t 9 reality we "k almo/ no?+ ab\t any?+1 if ?+s are prob$ to ! bottom4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! wide/ treatm5t ( ! mat]nal in/9ct x w n suffice to n>r[ our att5tion to ! function ( human mo!rhood1 or to take up our /udy ( ! conditions relat+ to ! "m & ! *ild z we f9d !m among/ u to-day4 ,7 ,i to d ?is & to attempt at once to br+ =w>d my own views1 ) ! re=ms t ,i wi% = 9 ?is matt]1 my "w w\ld be z a build+ )\t a firm f\ndation1 m or less unc]ta91 & = ?is reason valueless4 ,to get a prop] grip ( all t is "h conc]n$ we mu/ und]/& t ! mat]nal in/9ct is ! deepe/ & /ronge/ in/9ct 9 woman4 ,x is 9 ! emotions & actions ei!r directly aris+ f or connect$ ) mo!rhood t we f9d ! real diff]5ce betwe5 ! sexes4 ,9 its ess5ce ! p>5tal in/9ct belongs to woman alone4 ,! male may be infect$ ) its en]gy--we witness ?is among birds1 z well z 9 humbl] animals1 :]e ! duties ( c>+ = (fspr+ are %>$ &1 9 "s cases1 c>ri$ out by ! male alone2 b man possesses1 z yet1 its fa9t analogy only4 ,x is ! mo/ prim>y ( all wom5's qualities4#i ,n[1 :y is ?is8 ,:y is woman's be+ s mu* m /rongly infect$ ) mo!rhood ?an ! man's ) fa!rhood8 ,x is a "q n s readily to be answ]$ z x might appe>4 ,if we f9d ! explanation 9 ! intimate connection betwe5 ! "m & ! *ild we h n1 ,i ?9k1 exhau/$ ! matt]4 ,we mu/ n =get t o!r que/ions rema9 beh9d unansw]$1 all c5tr+ r\nd ! "o "q to :i* an adequate answ] is s difficult to f9d3 ,h[ has ?is aris58 ,! fact has to be expla9$ t ! %>p sep>ation 9 ! p>5tal impulse & ! p>5tal duties1 s /rong among/ u1 has n always exi/$2 t !re are _m examples 9 ! hi/ory ( life :i* %[ an exactly opposite condition4 ,to f9d ! clue x w ?us be necess>y to turn our att5tion to ! e>li] /ages ( life :]e1 9 p>ticul> among insects1 reptiles1 fi%es1 & birds1 we f9d ! wide/ possible range ( diff]5ce 9 ! expression ( ! p>5tal in/9ct & ! mo/ v>i$ relations exi/+ betwe5 p>5ts & (fspr+4 ,"h inde$1 among ^! pre-human p>5ts1 we c /udy ! mat]nal in/9ct 9 ! mak+4 ,!re are _m new & /range facts = u to le>n4 ,i "k well ! dang]s ( su* an inquiry4 ,to _m1 :o w all[ its int]e/1 x w yet appe> z be+ pr(itless4 ,!re is p]haps "s ju/ification = ?is view4 ,c]ta9ly any attempt to e/abli% ! conditions ( human mo!rhood f examples 9 natural hi/ory mu/ be f> f conclusive4 ,all comp>isons ( our own habits & impulses ) _! e>li] expression z we see !m 9 ! animals are some:at unsatisfactory4 ,! l9es on :i* human mo!rhood has develop$ & ! conditions :i* h s l>gely help$ to %ape its expression1 diff] va/ly f _m ( ! o!r ne$s & circum/ances :i* gov]n ! activities ( p>5ts 9 ! l[] =ms ( life4 ,*ief among ^! diff]5ces is ! m complex "* ( ! human bra91 :i* is correlat$ ) ! f> great] l5g? ( "t t ! human infant is dep5d5t on its "m4 ,yet1 all[+ = all ?is diff]5ce1 ,i believe t !re is mu* = u to le>n f ! life-hi/ories ( ^! pre-human p>5ts4 ,at lea/ we f9d wond]ful agreem5t prevail+ betwe5 ! conduct :i* we ?9k reason dictates to u & t :i* we hold in/9ct dictates to ! animals4 ,& ! "q w be =c$ ^u u3 ,h[ f> back 9 ! record ( life did ! fi]ce "m-in/9ct exi/8 ,we %all f9d _m unhe$$ examples1 alike ( its op]ation & ( its failure to op]ate1 :i*1 if we consid] !m1 9 ! light !y may possibly ca/ =w>d on our own problems1 w n fail to br+ u to "s unexpect$ conclusions4 ,life is full ( surprises1 & ?is matt] ( ! c>e ( ! "y af=ds n ! lea/ ( !m4 ,n[h]e are ! l9ks betwe5 ! pres5t & ! pa/ m fasc9at+ly repres5t$4 ,i am f> inde$ f be+ able to expla9 _m facts ,i h come to "k4 ,i h be5 puzzl$ (t51 & ! sugge/ions ,i (f] ,i "k may be wrong4 ,! e>ly /ages 9 ! gr[? ( p>5tal c>e1 ev5 among ! animals ^: habits are kn[n to u1 are (t5 en%r\d$ 9 my/]y1 baffl+ ! p5etration ( ! mo/ pati5t & c>eful inquir]s4 ,nev]!less1 dur+ rec5t ye>s a ho/ ( facts h be5 ga!r$ toge!r :i* ?r[ mu* new light n only on ! !me ( pre-human p>5?ood1 b also on ! probable action ( ! p>5tal in/9ct z x has sl[ly develop$ ?r\gh ! ages4 ,b ap>t f su* m speculative consid]ations !re are yet o!r aspects to be consid]$1 su* z ! effect ( ! environm5t1 ! conditions ( ! home1 & ! type ( union betwe5 ! male & ! female1 all ( :i* h _! influ5ce on ! duration & k9d ( c>e %[n by animal p>5ts to _! (fspr+4 ,"s explanation mu/ be s\ght = ! almo/ bewild]+ div]sity :i* we f9d 9 ?is relation%ip2 = :ile ! "y ( "s animals 7& (t5 among l[ types :]e lea/ we %\ld expect x7 are jeal\sly gu>d$ & c>$ = by at lea/ "o ( ! p>5ts1 9 o!rs !re is no trace ( su* sacrifice & solicitude1 & ! "y are ?r[n on to ! _w1 orphan$ be=e !y are born1 & left to live or die z *ance decrees4 ,:y is ?is8 ,:y is ! p>5tal in/9ct s actively /rong 9 "s cases1 s abs5t 9 o!rs8 ,c we1 inde$1 hope to f9d ! answ]8 ,if we c d ?is1 we %all le>n mu* to surprise & also to in/ruct u4 ,9 ! high] types ( animals1 ) ! long] p]iod ( infancy1 "s am\nt ( c>e = ! "y is always %[n by ! "m4 ,all ! mammals1 )\t exception1 nurse _! (fspr+ = a long] or %ort] p]iod4 ,among ! birds ! "y 9 _m species are t5d$ by bo? p>5ts1 & we f9d _m beautiful examples ( p>5tal fo/]age & protection4 ,b we f9d also species1 l ! cuckoos1 :i* ?ru/ ! p>5tal duties on to o!rs2 & !re are o!rs1 su* z ! megapodes1 :]e ! "m tru/s ! incubation ( h] eggs to natural ag5cies1 & aft] plac+ !m 9 a position to get ! heat g5]at$ by decay+ vegetation or t d]iv$ f hot spr+s1 leaves !m1 & exhibits no app>5t c>e = ! future welf>e ( ! family4 ,"h is some?+ to give u food = ?\ght4 ,& ! same surprises meet u z we desc5d ! scale ( life4 ,! reptiles %[ little or no p>5tal c>e1 b /rangely en\gh ! toads & frogs1 & _m fi%es1 furni% u ) examples ( rem>kable =e?\ght1 or app>5t =e?\ght1 = _! (fspr+2 &1 let x be not$1 ?is solicitude is 9 mo/ cases %[n by ! fa!r & n by ! "m4 ,ev5 m rem>kable are ! insects1 among :om1 ?\gh /ill l[] 9 ! scale1 we f9d ! mo/ wond]ful cases ( p>5tal sacrifice to be met ) any:]e 9 life4 ,"s ( ^! little creatures1 inde$1 seem to be end[$ ) a devotion to _! "y s insi/5t1 t _! lives c be describ$ only z a passion ( sacrifice4 ,9 tru? !y live b to give life & die4 ,& accompany+ ?is p>5tal sacrifice1 fir/ 9 supply+ food = embryonic developm5t1 & also1 9 "s cases1 af=d+ fo/]age & protection dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( gr[?1 we meet ! mo/ v>i$ & wond]ful behavi\r :i* seems to prove an intellig5ce t ?9ks & plans2 &1 :atev] explanation we try to f9d = ^! acts ( devotion1 we /ill are f> f und]/&+ !m4 ,life has its secrets1 & we %all probably fail to p5etrate ^! my/]ies4 ,all t is possible to u is to inquire humbly t we may le>n a few tru?s4 ,b = ! sake ( cle>ness1 let me cease f g5]alis+ & direct our att5tion to c]ta9 def9ite examples4 ,i w select fir/ ! model h\sehold ( ! ,m9otaurus ,typhu 9 ! ord] ,coleopt]a-- 8,! female digs a l>ge burr[ :i* is (t5 m ?an a y>d & a half deep & :i* consi/s ( spiral /aircases1 l&+s1 passages & num]\s *amb]s4 ,! male loads ! e>? on ! ?ree-prong$ =k t surm\nts 8 head & c>ries x to ! entrance ( ! conjugal dwell+4 ,next he goes into ! fields 9 se>* ( h>mless dropp+s left by ! %eep1 he takes ^! d[n to ! fir/ /orey ( ! crypt &1 ) ! aid ( 8 trid5t beg9s to r$uce !m to fl\r1 :ile ! "m1 "r at ! bottom1 collects & kneads x into huge cyl9drical loaves1 :i* w pres5tly become food = ! little ones4 ,= ?ree mon?s1 until ! provisions are deem$ suffici5t1 ! un=tunate husb&1 )\t tak+ any n\ri%m5t ( any k9d1 exhau/s himself 9 ?is gigantic "w4 ,at la/1 8 task is accompli%$4 ,feel+ 8 end is at h&1 s z n to encumb] ! h\se ) 8 wret*$ rema9s1 he sp5ds 8 la/ /r5g? 9 leav+ ! burr[1 drags himself labori\sly along &1 lonely & resign$1 kn[+ t he is h5ce=? good = no?+1 goes & dies f> away amid ! /ones40#aj ,"h we h exactly ! k9d ( example we are 9 se>* (1 & ! mo/ important ?+ to obs]ve is ! co-op]ation ( ! fa!r ) ! "m 9 ! "w ( provid+ = ! family3 su* male devotion is und\bt$ly exceptional4 ,"s measure ( p>5tal solicitude is almo/ univ]sally common1 & ev5 among ! l[lie/ creatures we f9d conv9c+ pro( ( ?is4 ,among ! species ( limit$ res\rces1 :]e ! lea/ c>e is be/[$ & ! "y are left to look aft] !mselves1 ! eggs are plac$ by ! "m 9 a suitable environm5t s t ! "y c be sure ( a suffici5cy ( food until !y c fe$ !mselves4 ,! num]\s cat]pill>s (f] a well-kn[n illu/ration ( ?is primitive c>e1 :]e x is common = ! eggs to be atta*$ to ! food-plant by means ( "s adhesive cov]+4 ,m /rik+ is ! case ( c]ta9 weevils1 :i*1 9 ord] to end[ _! "y ) a suitable home1 possess ! art ( roll+ a leaf 9 :i* ! eggs are laid1 ?us =m+ a nurs]y1 :i* s]ves z bo>d & lodg+ 9 "o4 ,fabre1 9 a wond]ful acc\nt ( ! mo/ skilful ( ^! work]s1 ! ,popl> weevil1 /ates t n f> f ! scroll1 made & labori\sly roll$ by ! "m1 we almo/ always f9d ! male4 ,b d n make a mi/ake4 ,! weevil fa!r is n mov$ by devotion to ! family int]e/s z 0 ! fa!r 9 ! la/ case we exam9$4 ,no1 r he is fill$ ) ! egoi/ic desire ( ! male4 ,b ,i mu/ give ! hi/ory z ,fabre relates x1 fe>+ to spoil 8 beautiful acc\nt by my own halt+ description-- 8,:at is he do+ !re1 ! idl]8 ,is he wat*+ ! "w z a m]e inquisitive onlook]8 ,f "t to "t ,i see him take 8 /& beh9d ! manufactur]1 9 ! groove ( ! fold1 hang on to a cyl9d] & jo9 = a little 9 ! "w4 ,?is is a means ( decl>+ 8 flame & urg+ 8 m]its4 ,aft] sev]al refusals & not)/&+ advances made by a brief collaboration at ! scroll1 ! impati5t "o is accept$4 ,= t5 m9utes ! roll+ is susp5d$4 ,! male /ill looks on4 ,soon] or lat] a new visit is paid to ! work] by ! dawdl]1 :o1 "u pret5ce ( assi/+1 plants 8 claws = a mom5t into ! roll+ piece1 plucks up c\rage & r5ews 8 exploits ) ! same vig\r z ?\gh no?+ _h yet happ5$4 ,& ?is is repeat$ f\r or five times dur+ ! mak+ ( a s+le cig>40 ,"h1 x may be rem>k$ 9 pass+1 we seem to see ! fir/ fa9t expression ( ! fa!r's int]e/ 9 ! family1 :i*1 if ,i may haz>d a guess1 may h />t$ 9 ?is way z a means ( ga9+ 8 desire ) ! female4 ,! correctness ( ?is surmise w receive consid]able confirmation z we proce$ ) our inquiry4 ,& if analogies ) animal conduct 7 n s apt to be mislead+1 ,i w\ld v5ture to sugge/ ! p]si/5ce ( ! same egoi/ic factor among _m human fa!rs4 ,b = ! pres5t ,i mu/ leave ?is "q4 ,f ! v beg9n+ ( life p>5tal sacrifice is m common 9 ! "m2 x is 9 exceptional cases t h] devotion is %>$ by ! fa!r4 ,b su* good fa!rs are ( special importance to our inquiry4 ,ev5 m int]e/+ are ^? species among :i* ! fa!r takes all *>ge ( ! "y1 :ile ! "m sp5ds h] "t away f ! family4 ,nor is ?is dep>ture f :at we may call ! normal ord] ( ! family s surpris+ z at fir/ sight x may seem1 if we c acc\nt = ! necessity "u :i* probably x arose & seek to expla9 x4 ,! welf>e ( ! "y is a matt] ( vital urg5cy2 in/9ct dictates to ! animals :at reason dictates to u4 ,nature1 z if to %[ h] res\rcefulness1 h] love ( successful exp]im5ts1 is always discov]+ contr>y ways ( atta9+ ! same end4 ,& :at ,i wi% to make cle> is ?is3 :51 = "s reason t we d n "k1 ! family c>es are neglect$ by ! mo!rs1 ! "w ( t5d+ & fe$+ ! "y is und]tak5 by ! fa!rs4 ,i %all h mu* m to say on ?is "q at a lat] /age1 & ,i ask y to keep x p]si/5tly 9 ! focus ( y\r att5tion4 ,i desire to emphasise x at once4 ,:atev] gr\ps ( animals we survey1 we %all f9d examples ( ?is replacem5t ( ! "m by ! fa!r1 new aspects ( ! family1 :i* may af=d u a bett] grip ( "s problems t at pres5t elude u4 ,! reality ( ! "m's reg>d = ! "y is prov$ among _m insects by ! build+ ( a ne/ to safegu>d ! family4 ,! ,an?idium1 or tailor-bee1 & ! ,*alicodoma1 a species ( wild bee1 af=d illu/rations ( ?is mat]nal =e?\ght4 ,9 ! =m] case ! eggs1 :5 laid1 are plac$ 9 ! gr\nd1 protect$ 9 cotton-felt sat*els made by ! "m f fibre :i* %e scrat*es ) h] m&ibles f ! cobwebby /alks ( ! yell[ c5taury2 ! ,*alicodoma works ) cem5t & gravel c>efully select$ f "s ru9$ build+1 & ) su* difficult mat]ial %e fa%ions h] nurs]y4 ,ev5 m rem>kable is ! home ( ! ,maga*illes1 or leaf-cutt+ bee4 ,! "m bee1 us+ h] m&ibles z scissors1 cuts pieces f ! leaves ( ! trees1 :]e) %e =ms ?imble-%ap$ wallets to conta9 ! honey & eggs2 ! l>g] oval pieces :i* %e cuts make ! sides & ! floor1 & ! r\nd pieces ! lid or door4 ,^! leaf-=m$ ?imbles are plac$ 9 a r[1 "o on top ( ! o!r1 sometimes z _m z a doz5 be+ us$4 ,! cyl9d] ?us =m$ is fitt$ into ! des]t$ home ( "s o!r insect1 su* z ! tunnels ( fat e>?-worms1 ! ap>tm5ts bor$ 9 ! trunks ( trees by ! l>v ( ! ,capricorn beetles1 or1 fail+ ^!1 a re$ /ump or crevice 9 ! wall is select$4 ,b ! *oice ( ! home is always c>efully made1 x w\ld seem1 accord+ to ! ta/es ( ! mo!rs4 ,?is /ructure1 9 "p made & 9 "p borr[$1 =ms ! leaf-cutt]'s ne/4#aa ,num]\s cases ( home-mak+ might be record$1 & ! difficulty re/s 9 ! selection4 ,_m spid]s & ! book scorpion c>ry _! eggs 9 a silk5 bag atta*$ to ! "u surface ( ! body4 ,!re is a case record$ t %[s h]oic devotion on ! "p ( "o spid] "m4 ,%e 0 plac$ 79 ord] t h] behavi\r might be wat*$7 9 ! pit ( an ant-lion4 ,at once ! enemy seiz$ ! eggs & tore !m f h] *>ge4 ,!n ! "m1 ?\gh %e 0 driv5 out ( ! pit1 return$ & *ose to be dragg$ 9 & buri$ alive r ?an des]t h] *>ge4#ab ,a regul> process ( incubation is practis$ by ! "m e>wig1 & ! "y1 :5 hat*$1 keep close to h] = protection4 ,special food = ! "y is prep>$ by _m mo!rs1 z1 = in/ance1 among ! apid1 :o prep>e a disgorg$ food 9 ! =m ( a sweet milk juice4 ,! ,hym5opt]a mo!rs1 ^u :om ! c>es ( mo!rhood devolve 9 _! fulness1 provide bo>d & lodg+ = _! family4 ,/ores ( insects are caught & pres]v$ 9 ! nurs]y l>d]1 be+ cunn+ly p>alys$ s t live food may be ready :5 ne$$ by ! *ildr54 ,^! clev] mo!rs1 z ,fabre has %[n u1 become ma/]s ( a ho/ ( arts = ! b5efit ( a family :i* _! facet$ eyes w nev] see4 ,( ! dome/ic economy ( ! bees & ants :ole volumes might be1 & h be51 writt54 ,! habits ( ! t]mites1 ! s-call$ :ite ants1 are less widely kn[n1 al?\gh !y %[ "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable developm5ts ( ! family t ,i h met4 ,ea* colony is really a patri>*al family1 9 :i* ! memb]s1 all ! desc5dants ( a s+le pair1 live 9 a community1 & "w 9 diff]5t ways4 ,all ! individuals are at fir/ true males & females4 ,"s ( ^! develop sl[ly1 b gr[ up p]fect insects able to =m new families4 ,b ! work]s & ! soldi]s h to pass a p]iod ( y\?ful s]vitude 9 ! community4 ,^! develop quickly1 & gr[ up bl9d & w+less1 & _! reproductive organs rema9 9 a condition ( arre/$ developm5t4 ,"s ( ^! are work]s1 & c>ry out ! duties ( ! community2 o!rs at ! same "t develop jaws & heads ( enorm\s size4 ,x is _! duty to def5d ! colony4 ,& f ?is has come ab\t ! /range condition ( _! be+ s alt]$ & tra9$ = _! special "w t !y _c pass on to ! normal life & normal duties ( p]fect individuals4 ,among ! bees & "s social wasps !re is a fur!r /ep1 & only females are select$ to d h\sehold "w1 & modifi$ s t !y lose ! ord9>y p]sonal in/9cts & devote !mselves entirely to work+ = ! community1 :ile ! males develop only ! in/9cts & capacities ( sex4 ,9 "s species ( wasps1 h[ev]1 ! males d "s "w1 *iefly dome/ic1 = :i* !y are f$ by _! =ag+ si/]s4 ,9 ! communities ( ants1 z 9 ! t]mites1 !re are individuals modifi$ to s]ve z work]s & z soldi]s2 b "h aga9 !y are all arre/$ females1 & ! males are us$ only = ! purpose ( sex4 ,! colonies ( ants la/ mu* long] ?an ^? ( ! bees & wasps1 :i* are annual1 & ?is has giv5 ! possibility ( ! elaboration ( a v complex & extraord9>y community4#ac ,we are always be+ surpris$ by new exp]im5ts 9 family life :i* %[ ! ready adaptation ( habits to special circum/ances4 ,a bald /atem5t ( ^! facts seems to tell v little4 ,i leave unt\*$ a :ole s]ies ( devices & wond]ful behavi\r--s mu* t ,i %\ld l to record4 ,9 all ^! cases we see ! mat]nal in/9ct 9 ! mak+4 ,b s v>i$ & s fitt+ to ! ne$$ purpose are ! actions ( ^! l[ly p>5ts t mu* :i* !y d gives an impression ( ! inexplicable--ev5 ! magical4 ,x is common to expla9 ev]y?+ by ! ^w 8in/9ct40 ,b does ?is explanation take u v f>8 ,an elaborate in/9ctive capacity is probably ! result ( add+ on "o contrivance aft] ano!r to a simpl] common habit4 ,& ?is is surely ! same z say+ t ^! little creatures h ! p[] ( le>n+ ?r\gh exp]i5ce4 ,a beg9n+ ( ! in/9ct ( c>+ = ! "y is exhibit$ :5 ! "m insect *ooses a fav\rable food position :]e9 to lay ! eggs4 ,nor is x difficult to imag9e h[ ?is mat]nal =e?\ght may h gr[n out ( an e>li] habit1 = x is b a /ep1 ?\gh a great "o1 f collect+ food = self--an in/9ct t may be trac$ back & back--to ! habit ( provid+ & collect+ food = o!rs4 ,!n1 ?is in/9ct ( c>+ = ! future be+ /rongly fix$1 x1 9 "s cases & "u c]ta9 fav\rable conditions1 leads on & on to ! specialis$ mat]nity & climax ( p>5tal sacrifice & devotion1 su* z may be illu/rat$ by ! admirable sc>abees1 or dung-beetles1 ( ! ,m$it]ranean region & else:]e4 ,i h giv5 "o case ( p]fect p>5ts1 ! ,m9otaurus ,typhu2 b ,i wi% to review su* conduct m fully4 ,! family qualities ( ! dung-beetles are s devot$ & s /rik+1 !y w repay our /udy4 ,! late ,m4 ,fabre describes 9 8 inimitable way ! nurs]y :i* makes ! c5tre & life ( ! sc>abees' home4 ,^! dung-work]s edify u ) _! morals4 ,bo? sexes co-op]ate 9 mak+ ! burr[s :i* s]ve z a l>d] = food & a nurs]y = ! "y4 ,!y are cavities dug 9 s(t e>?1 usually 9 s&1 %all[ 9 =m1 ab\t ! size ( "o's fi/1 & communicat+ ) ! outside by a %ort *annel j l>ge en\gh = ! passage ( ! balls ( dung-food4 ,bo? p>5ts "w ) equal zeal to f\nd a h\sehold4 8,! fa!r is ! purveyor ( victuals & ! p]son entru/$ ) ! c>ry+ away ( rubbi%4 ,alone1 at diff]5t h\rs ( ! day he fl+s out ( doors ! e>? ?r[n up by ! "m's excavations2 alone he explores ! vic9ity ( ! home at night 9 que/ ( ! pellets :]e( 8 sons' loaves %all be knead$4 8,a mo/ c>eful *oice ( mat]ial is und]tak51 & (t5 ! devot$ husb& & fa!r is compell$ to se>* long & f> = pellets fre%ly dropp$1 = :]eas co>se bread cramm$ ) bits ( hay is good en\gh = 8 own & 8 wife's food1 he is always m c>eful :]e ! *ildr5 are conc]n$4 ,legful by legful1 ) sl[ & mo/ pati5t lab\r1 ! mat]ial is heap$ up & roll$ into a ball4 ,!n ! food-ball has to be c>ri$ to ! burr[2 no easy task4 ,ev5 !n ! fa!r's lab\rs are n end$2 on rea*+ ! burr[1 x is 8 "w to %r$ ! dung-food into fl\r1 :i* he p\rs d[n to ! "m = h] to knead into ! *ildr5's bread4 ,f9ally1 :5 ! la/ task is accompli%$1 ! dung-fa!r goes out alone to die4 ,he has gallantly p]=m$ 8 duty z a pat]familias2 he has sp5t himself )\t /9t to secure ! prosp]ity ( 8 ki? & k940 ,! devotion ( ! dung-fa!r is equall$ by t ( ! dung-"m4 ,m skill$ ?an h] sp\se 9 dome/ic matt]s1 %e is occupi$ always 9 ! home1 :]e %e works 9 ! l[] floor ( ! burr[1 :i* %e has prep>$ = ! nurs]y4 ,"h %e kneads & =ms ! cyl9drical loaves 9 :i* ! eggs are plac$4 ,9 "s cases %e does m1 & we f9d sev]al species ( ! dung-mo!rs anticipat+ ! suckl+ ( ! "y1 ! supreme expression ( mat]nal solicitude4 ,^! mo!rs *ew ! dung-food1 & out ( x prep>e a fro?y pap or cream1 ) :i* !y cov] ! walls ( ! ne/ to =m a special fir/ meal = ! em]g+ grub4 ,?r\gh\t h] work+ life ! dung-"m nev] leaves ! home4 ,x %\ld be not$ t h] family is always a v small "o3 does ?is1 p]haps1 expla9 ! p>5tal devotion8 ,f ! fir/ =tnight 9 ,may1 :5 ! eggs are laid1 ! "m m\nts gu>d ov] h] *ildr54 ,nev] does %e eat h]self1 z %e w n t\* ! food prep>$ & ne$$ = !m4 ,%e wat*es ?r\gh ! long mon?s until ! com+ ( ! autumn ra9s 9 ,septemb]4 ,!n1 :5 ! day ( release comes at la/1 %e returns to ! surface1 accompani$ by h] family4 ,at once h] *ildr5 leave h]2 unm9dful ( h] devotion1 !y g (f to f9d food & beg9 life = !mselves4 ,!reupon1 hav+ no?+ left to d1 %e dies1 & ends h] sacrifice4#ad ,be=e ,i leave ?is fasc9at+ record ( ! dung-beetle p>5ts1 space mu/ be f\nd :]e9 to note fur!r c]ta9 ( _! *>act]i/ics & habits1 :i* are ( special int]e/ to my inquiry z !y w\ld appe> to be directly connect$ ) ! highly develop$ family qualities ( ^! insects4 ,fabre tells u t !re is no outw>d diff]5ce betwe5 ! two sexes among ! dung-beetles4 ,i call att5tion to ?is fact1 :i* ,i am n able to expla94 ,! sc>abees are among ! mo/ beautiful ( all insects1 & ! female & male %>e ! same glory4 ,x is my belief t ! second>y sexual *>act]s are directly dep5d5t on ! occupational activities ( ! species1 z also on ! =m ( union or m>riage :i* p]ta9s & ! /r5g? ( ! p>5tal emotions4 ,?us1 :5 ! male & ! female are equally devot$ to ea* o!r & to ! family & its c>e1 _m cases among ^! pre-human p>5ts seem to prove t su* devotion & occupational union t5ds to less5 ! ornam5tal sexual diff]5ces 9 ! second>y physical *>act]s4 ,?is is a "q ( pr(\nd int]e/1 & dem&s m att5tion ?an x has yet receiv$4 ,! second fact is ( ev5 great] importance to u4 ,! =m ( union or m>riage common among ! dung-beetles w\ld appe> to be an unusually /rict monogamy4 ,^! insects1 z we h se51 associate 9 c\ples1 & !re is /rong evid5ce t ! male rema9s fai?ful to 8 sp\se4 ,su* admirable conduct is ! m rem>kable :5 we rememb] t ! "m is held 9 ! nurs]y by h] duties dur+ ! great] p]iod ( ! m>riage2 & meantime ! fa!r has to w&] f> 9 se>* ( food1 mak+ frequ5t excursions outside ! home1 b he resi/s ! temptations to :i* ^! out+s are likely to lead1 & always he returns to ! home1 :]e he we>s himself out = 8 family4 ,to te/ ! /r5g? ( ?is conjugal fidelity ,fabre made an exp]im5t ) ! dung-beetles ( ^: habits ,i h be=e spok51 ! ,m9otaurus ,typhu4 ,he plac$ two c\ples ( ^! beetles 9 an enclos$ space1 m>k+ "o ( ! c\ples4 ,he all[$ !m to beg9 ! mak+ ( _! burr[s or homes1 !n he sep>at$ ! c\ples & de/roy$ ! half-made burr[s4 ,once1 twice1 & a ?ird "t he did ?is1 caus+ confusion among ^! peaceful work]s4 ,b on ea* occasion ! c\ples came toge!r 9 ! same ord]2 ! "r male & female knew ea* o!r1 &1 tak+ little notice ( ! tumult1 ea* "t aga9 !y began _! "w ( home-mak+4 ,five m times ,fabre sep>at$ !m & broke up _! homes4 ,! result ,i w give 9 ,fabre's own beautiful words-- 8,?+s are n[ spoilt1 sometimes ea* ( ! f\r t are exp]im5t$ on settles ap>t1 sometimes ! same burr[ conta9s ! two males or ! two females1 sometimes ! same crypt ! two sexes1 b diff]5tly associat$ f :at !y 7 at fir/4 ,i h abus$ my p[]s ( repetition4 ,h5ce=? disord] reigns4 ,my daily %uffl+s h demoralis$ ! burr[]s1 a crumbl+ home always requir+ to be begun afre% has put an end to lawful associations4 ,respectable m>ri$ life becomes impossible f ! mom5t :5 ! h\se falls 9 f day to day40 ,i h n[ said en\gh1 ,i ?9k1 to %[ t at _m diff]5t levels 9 ! insect k+dom ! p>5tal in/9ct is already develop$4 ,pre-em95t 9 virtue is ! behavi\r ( ! dung-beetle p>5ts4 ,& ?is is all ! m int]e/+ z x proves h[ closely relat$ good p>5?ood is ) ! conditions ( ! home & ! =m ( m>riage4 ,a few m words may "h be add$ to :at has be5 said already conc]n+ ! influ5ce ( intellig5ce on in/9ct4 ,x is a difficult "q1 b1 speak+ r\ghly1 intellig5ce may be said to act 9 two opposite ways2 t is1 x may aid bo? 9 ! mak+ & ! unmak+ ( in/9cts4#ae ,?us ! dung-beetles frequ5tly *ange _! conduct1 & !y d ?is by modify+ _! in/9cts ?r\gh intellig5t adaptation4 ,x is sc>cely too mu* to say t ) !m intellig5ce rea*es its highe/ =m ( orig9ality4 ,:y is ?is8 ,fabre gives u ! answ]4 8,! m ! mat]nal in/9ct ass]ts itself1 ! high] does in/9ct asc5d40 ,x w\ld be bett] probably if ! ^w in/9ct 7 us$ 9 a m re/rict$ s5se3 x %\ld n be reg>d$ z be+ able to expla9 ev]y?+4 ,?is my/]i\s impulse is held to direct all pre-human p>5ts 9 _! conduct to _! "y4 ,v well2 b :at ( ! direct+ =ce beh9d8 ,! evid5ce is /rong t ev5 ! l[lie/ creatures h _! own problems1 & are able to solve !m4 ,c we expla9 o!rwise ! wide diff]5ce 9 conduct betwe5 p>5t & p>5t8 ,d we "k :at x is t gives a special direction to ! in/9ctive activities 9 ! accompli%m5t ( a design great] ?an any ( ^! p>5ts "k8 ,we _c answ] fully4 ,b in/9ct has its tw9 bro!r 9 intellig5ce1 &1 act+ toge!r1 !y are ! gu>dians ( life4 ,:5 real ?+s are s wond]ful1 :at c we d b note !m & try to und]/&8 ,n else:]e 9 ! insect _w d we meet ) a devotion m complete ?an t ( bo? ! dung-p>5ts2 n else:]e d we f9d a f9] developm5t ( intellig5ce4 ,^! two ?+s are relat$ & closely dep5d5t1 ! "o ^u ! o!r4 ,x is ?is fact t n[ ,i am seek+ to e/abli%4 ,sacrifice 9 ! p>5t does n lead to limitation1 b to expansion4 ,at ?is e>ly /age ( life ! c>e ( ! "y is z a rule v slight1 & (t5 is conf9$1 z ,i h %[n1 to ! lay+ ( ! eggs 9 a fav\rable position1 :]e ! grub c f9d food4 8,! high] inspirations ( ! intellect are bani%$ among ^! insects40 ,i quote aga9 f ,fabre1 ^: op9ion on ?is "q s /rongly confirms all t ,i wi% to make cle>4 ,he ass]ts fur!r3 8,! "m neglects ! g5tle c>es ( ! cradle1 & ! pr]ogatives ( ! intellect1 ! be/ ( all1 dim9i% & disappe>1 s true is x t = animals1 ev5 z = ourselves1 ! family is ! s\rce ( p]fection40 ,& aga93 8,plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! duration ( ! species1 :i* is ( m s]i\s int]e/ ?an ! pres]vation ( individuals1 mat]nity awak5s a m>vell\s =esight 9 ! dr[sie/ intellig5ce4''' ,! m mat]nity ass]ts itself1 ! high] does in/9ct asc5d40 ,we _c get away f ?is2 x is "o ( ! unalt]able laws ( life4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,p>5?ood ,,among ,,! ,,reptiles ,,& ,,fi%es ,a ,,*apt] ,,on ,,good ,,fa!rs ,! p>5tal impulse n always fix$ 9 ! "m--,among reptiles & fi%es1 su* c>e z is af=d$ by p>5ts is giv5 mo/ frequ5tly by ! fa!r--,sugge/$ reason = ?is--,primitive hat*+ nurs]ies--,p>5tal c>e among frogs & toads--,_m examples ( exempl>y fa!rs--,! devotion ( ! male /ickleback--,! unnatural conduct ( ! female /ickleback--,! emotions ( ! fi%--,fi% fa!rs :o gu>d ! ne/--,p]petual v>iety 9 ! actions ( ev5 ! l[lie/ p>5ts--,summ>y--,no cont9u\s l9e ( developm5t ( in/9ct 9 scale ( animals--,mu* baffles our explanations--,sugge/ions important to my inquiry--,rev]sal ( sex lab\rs--,is x due to failure on ! "p ( ! "m--,devot$ p>5ts are ( high intellig5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,p>5?ood ,,among ,,reptiles ,,& ,,fi%es ,a ,,*apt] ,,on ,,good ,,fa!rs 8,nature is a riddle )\t a def9ite solution to satisfy man's curiosity40--,,maurice ,,maet]l9ck4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i %all consid] c]ta9 examples1 :i* ,i ?9k are important to e/abli% :at we h le>nt 9 our exam9ation ( ! insects1 t ! p>5tal impulse 0 n always fix$ 9 ! "m4 ,among ! reptiles & fi%es ! rev]se is true1 & :at c>e is af=d$ to ! "y is giv5 mo/ frequ5tly by ! fa!r4#af ,! bond betwe5 ! "m & h] "y is directly dep5d5t on _! helplessness & ! duration ( "t dur+ :i* !y require h] c>e & att5tion4 ,"y reptiles are f bir? indep5d5t1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 !re has be5 no /imulus to develop mat]nal solicitude4 ,betwe5 "m & (fspr+ !re are no ties ( affection save 9 "o or two exceptional cases4 ,"y alligators1 = example1 are gu>d$ by _! mo!rs & owe m to h] ?an !y c ev] "k4 ,%e prep>es a hat*+ nurs]y by scrap+ toge!r a l>ge m\nd ( leaves1 twigs1 & f9e e>?1 & ^u ?is m\nd ! eggs are plac$ ab\t eight in*es f ! surface4 ,!n ! "m digs a hole 9 ! riv] bank1 close by1 & "h %e waits & wat*es to protect h] *ildr54 ,a m advanc$ =m ( nurs]y build+ is practis$ by ! tortoise1 :o prep>es a sort ( ne/ ) consid]able c>e1 :i* %e aft]w>ds cunn+ly conceals4 ,b :5 once ! eggs are safe %e %[s no fur!r int]e/ 9 ! safety ( ! ne/4#ag ,mo/ snakes bury _! eggs & !n leave !m4 ,b a m endur+ mat]nal int]e/ is felt by ! "m py?on2 %e coils h] body ar\nd h] future family & jeal\sly gu>ds !m dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation1 refus+ all food & nev] leav+ h] duty4 ,a simil> gu>dian%ip is %[n to "y crocodiles by _! mo!rs4 ,! home is prep>$ by digg+ a deep hole 9 ! s& 9 :i* ! eggs are plac$1 & dur+ ! p]iod ( incubation ea* "m sleeps 9 gu>d above h] family4 ,! naturali/ ,voeltzk[1 to prove ! reality ( "o "m crocodile's solicitude1 built a f5ce ar\nd ! ne/ j be=e ! hat*+ "t4 ,ea* night on h] return1 ! "m broke d[n ! f5ce1 ?\gh ea* "t x 0 made /rong] ?an ! la/4 ,f9ally ! ne/ 0 f\nd to be des]t$1 & !n x 0 discov]$ t ?is intellig5t & p]secut$ "m _h dug a hole b5ea? ! f5ce & !nce _h l$ h] brood away to safety4 ,x is impossible to admire suffici5tly su* a case z ?is "o1 :]e we see s cle>ly ! driv+ p[] ( mat]nal solicitude 9 quick5+ ! intellig5ce ( ev5 ! l[lie/ mo!rs4 ,su* cases are1 h[ev]1 few 9 numb] out ( ! #b1fjj species ( reptiles ( :om ! majority are unnatural p>5ts4 ,b aga9 surprises await u4 ,_m frogs & toads1 bo? ! mo!rs & ! fa!rs1 %[ a really m>k$ developm5t ( ! familial in/9cts4#ah ,an illu/ration ( ?is c>e is furni%$ by a l>ge tree-frog 7,hyla fab]7 ( ,brazil1 commonly kn[n z ! ,f]reiro1 8! smi?10 f its /range voice resembl+ ! mallet ( a smi?1 sl[ly & regul>ly /rik+ on a metal plate4 ,?is frog prep>es a nurs]y 9 ! %all[ wat]s ( ! ponds1 :]e a bas9-%ap$ holl[ is dug 9 ! mud4 ,! build+ is done by ! "m1 ! mat]ial remov$ be+ us$ to =m a wall1 circul> 9 %ape1 :i* is c>ri$ up to ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,9 ?is cavity ! eggs are plac$1 protect$ aga9/ ! attacks ( aquatic insects & fi%es4 ,a ,japanese tree frog 7,rhacophorus s*legelii7 builds a simil> ne/1 b "h ! "m l9es ! walls ( h] nurs]y ) a secretion1 a k9d ( milk food1 f h] own body1 :i* by rapid movem5ts ( h] feet is work$ into a fro?1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ?is foamy mass ! eggs are laid4 ,m rem>kable is ! nurs]y build+ ( ! 8,wollunnkukk0 frog 7,phyllom$usa hypo*ondrialis7 ( ,p>aguay1 ^: habits 7 not$ by ,dr4 ,budgett dur+ ! exploration ( ! ,p>aguayan ,*aco4 8,:il/ sitt+ ne> ! wat]'s edge he saw a female c>ry+ a male ^u h] back4 ,at la/ %e climb$ up ! /em ( a plant1 rea*$ out & caught hold ( an ov]hang+ leaf & climb$ on to x4 ,bo? !n caught hold ( its edges & held !m toge!r2 & into ! funnel ?us =m$ ! female p\r$ h] eggs1 ! male f]tilis+ !m z !y pass$4 ,! jelly surr\nd+ ! eggs s]v$ z a cem5t to hold ! edges ( ! leaves toge!r4 ,!n1 mov+ up a little fur!r1 ! process 0 repeat$ until ! leaf 0 full1 & ab\t a hundr$ eggs _h be5 enclos$40#ai ,a simil> leaf ne/ is made by a ,brazilian frog1 kn[n z ,ih]+'s frog 7,p4 ,ih]+71 :ile a home ( m elaborate con/ruction1 9 :i* sev]al leaves are us$1 is prep>$ by ,savage's leaf-frog 7,p4 ,sauvagii74 ,x %\ld be not$ t 9 ^! cases ! c>e ( ! p>5ts is conf9$ to ! provid+ ( a nurs]y2 :5 once ?is is done ! "y are ab&on$4 ,b _m frogs & toads d mu* m ?an ?is1 & "o or o!r p>5ts1 mo/ (t5 ! fa!r1 gu>d _! (fspr+ ) jeal\s c>e4 ,a ,papuan frog-fa!r1 = in/ance1 takes up ! duties ( a nurse2 & :5 ! eggs are laid1 he sits ^u !m1 hold+ ! mass ) bo? h&s4 ,& ?is vigil he keeps dur+ ! :ole "t :ile ! "y are und]go+ gr[?1 pass+ ?r\gh ! l>val & tadpole /age4 ,we mu/ own t su* a fa!r acts ) s+ul> devotion4 ,x %\ld be not$ t sev5te5 eggs only are laid by ! "m1 a mu* small] numb] ?an is common among ! species :]e nei!r p>5t af=ds any k9d ( gu>dian%ip4 ,?is is :at we %\ld expect4 ,nature has diff]5t ways ( ga9+ ! same end4 ,life mu/ be c>ri$ on1 t is all t matt]s--an incessant r5ewal1 an undy+ fre% beg9n+ & unfold+ ( life4 ,b a species is ma9ta9$ sometimes by ! prodigality ( production & sometimes by ! exp5diture ( c>e & sacrifice on ! "p ( ! p>5ts4 ,& "h we f9d aga9 a lesson wait+ = u to le>n4 ,= x is h>dly necess>y to po9t out t ! same facts are true ( human bir?s2 j z ! family is unregulat$ or consid]$1 d we f9d wa/e & _m bir?s ) p>5tal neglect 9 ! fir/ case & re/rict$ bir?s ) p>5tal devotion 9 ! second4 ,!re seem to be no problems ( ! family t ^! pre-human p>5ts h n _h to face & solve4 ,b to return4 8,! celebrat$ ,midwife toad 7,alytes ob/etricans7 gives u a fur!r delightful example ( ! fa!r nurs+ ! "y4 ,! "m-toad lays h] eggs atta*$ to "o ano!r by ?reads s t !y =m a long *a94 ,! fa!r-toad !n tw9es ?is *aplet ( 8 wife's eggs r\nd & r\nd 8 ?ighs4 ,he has ! /range appe>ance1 x has be5 said1 ( a g5tleman ( ! c\rt ( ! "t ( ,james ,i1 array$ 9 puff$ bree*es4 ,8 devotion is v complete4 ,aft] hav+ encumb]$ himself ) ! com+ family1 he retreats to a hole 9 ! gr\nd4 ,"h he /ays ) admirable pati5ce by day1 /eal+ =? at night to fe$1 & to ba! 8 egg-burd5$ legs 9 dew or1 :5 possible1 9 wat]4 ,:5 8 p]iod ( s]vice is pa/ & ! "y are ready = quitt+ ! eggs1 he seeks ! wat]4 ,"h be=e long ! "y bur/ =? & swim away1 :]eupon ! fa!r1 n[ free f 8 family duties1 makes himself tidy 7cleans himself ( ! rema9s ( ! eggs7 & resumes 8 normal appe>ance40 ,) "s frogs1 z1 = example1 9 c]ta9 ,s4 ,am]ican & ,african species1 ! p>5ts take up ! burd5 ( c>+ = ! "y only aft] !y h rea*$ ! tadpole /age4 ,! ,g]man naturali/ ,brau] rec5tly f\nd 9 ! ,sey*elles isl&s a small frog 7,ar?roleptis ,sey*ell5sis7 und]tak+ ! gu>dian%ip ( ! "y family4 ,an adult frog 7x is n /at$ :e!r x 0 ! fa!r or ! "m7 0 c>ry+ n9e tadpoles on its back1 to :i* !y 7 atta*$ by a suck] on ! belly4 ,un=tunately1 little is kn[n ( ! habits ( ^! frogs4 ,x is believ$ t ! eggs are laid 9 "s %all[ pool1 & t lat] "o or o!r p>5t returns to ! nurs]y to take up ! c>e ( ! "y tadpoles4 ,a fur!r rem>kable case ( c>e ex]cis$ by ! fa!r is t ( ,d>w9's frog1 ! ,rh9od]ma d>w9i1 :]e ! eggs are gu>d$ 9 a great p\* "u ! ?roat1 & op5+ by two slits into ! m\?4 ,dur+ ! c\rt%ip ?is p\* is us$ z a voice organ to *>m ! female1 ) %>p r++ notes l a bell4 ,b ! love-calls end ) ! bir? ( ! family4 ,!re is n[ s]i\s "w to be accompli%$4 ,! fa!r takes 8 wife's eggs into 8 p\*1 :i* n[ enl>ges & ext5ds backw>ds "u ! belly to ! gro91 & upw>ds on ea* side almo/ to ! backbone4 ,9 ! w>m *amb] ?us =m$1 ! tadpoles live until !y become "y frogs4 ,!y !n make _! way up ?r\gh ! doorways into _! fa!r's m\?1 & f t liv+ nurs]y !y swim out into ! wide _w4 ,well1 :at c we say ( ?is case8 ,we h he>d ( "s animal fa!rs eat+ _! prog5y1 b "h ! fa!r's m\? is turn$ into ! hat*+ nurs]y4 ,did ,i n tell y we %\ld f9d v mu* to a/oni% u8 ,i c\ld give _m m examples ( reptile p>5ts ^: family habits are m or less s+ul>4 ,!re are ! little-kn[n 8,ccilians10#bj ! /range1 snakelike amphibians ( ,s4,e4 ,asia & ,ceylon2 :]e ! "m1 ) h] limbless body1 yet contrives to dig a nurs]y = h] eggs1 :i* %e jeal\sly gu>ds4 ,i %\ld l to write ( ! families ( ! newts & salam&]s1 among :om ! "y are nev] completely ab&on$1 & ^: p>5tal habits pres5t _m features ( int]e/4 ,b to tell _! life /ories ) all ! vivid facts w\ld take m space ?an ,i c all[ to ?is "o *apt] ( my book2 & to give a bald record ( _! habits w\ld af=d little int]e/4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 rec\nt two in/ances ( m>k$ solicitude = ! family1 %[n 9 ea* case by a diff]5t p>5t4 ,take ! case ( a "m's c>e fir/4 ,a captive "m-salam&]1 ( ! species kn[n z ,oregon ple?odon1 0 plac$ ) h] eggs 9 a j>4 ,%e at once took possession ( !m1 =m+ a loop ar\nd !m ) h] tail4 ,b1 displeas$ ) ?is unfamili> h\se1 %e mov$ ! eggs repeat$ly f place to place till at l5g? %e 0 satisfi$1 & all ! "t us+ h] tail = ! "w ( transportation z a k9d ( mat]nal arm4 ,9 ! second case ! fa!r mo/ fai?fully gu>ds ! eggs4 ,a giant salam&] 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s ( ,am/]dam kept wat* ov] a clump ( 8 wife's eggs = a p]iod ( t5 weeks4 ,?is c>eful fa!r 0 se5 e n[ & !n to crawl among ! eggs & lift !m up1 app>5tly = ! purpose ( a]at+ !m4 ,f ! =ego+ examples x may1 ,i ?9k1 be tak5 z e/abli%$ t among ! reptiles !re are _m exempl>y fa!rs4 ,if ! "q is ask$ z to :y 9 "s species ! c>e ( ! "y is und]tak5 by ! fa!r & 9 o!rs by ! "m1 ,i c only answ] t ,i d n "k4 ,x w\ld seem almo/ t at ?is e>ly /age ( life ,nature 0 mak+ exp]im5ts z to :i* 0 ! bett] p>5t4 ,i w\ld sugge/ t possibly su* a rev]sal ( ! family duties 0 />t$ by *ance1 possibly by ! loss ( ! "m1 or ev5 by a specially en]getic fa!r1 & on be+ f\nd successful ! arrangem5t 0 cont9u$ & became fix$ z a habit4 ,i h n suffici5t k to "k if ?is is possible4 ,at any rate1 x appe>s to be pla9 t1 :]e = any reason ! family duties are neglect$ by ! "m1 & :]e ! ma9t5ance ( ! species dem&s protection be+ giv5 to ! "y1 ! fa!r /eps 9 to take ! place ( ! "m2 & by 8 c>e & devotion he becomes a truly con/itu5t "p--a work+ memb]--( ! family gr\p4 ,i w\ld ask y to keep ?is fix$ 9 y\r att5tion1 z ,i %all h to ref] aga9 & aga9 to ?is fact t is "h sugge/$4 ,:at obta9s among reptiles ) reg>d to ! fa!r's c>e = ! "y is ev5 m frequ5t among fi%-fa!rs4 ,! common /ickleback ( our ponds & /reams af=ds an admirable illu/ration ( intellig5t & devot$ fa!rhood4 ,9 ?is species ! rle ( ! two sexes is completely rev]s$2 :5 once ! eggs are deposit$ by ! "m1 ! :ole task ( gu>d+ !m is und]tak5 by ! fa!r4 ,8 lab\rs beg9 ) ! con/ruction ( a ne/4 ,?is is =m$ ( bits ( we$1 ( fibre & dirt1 collect$ ) mu* c>e1 ! :ole be+ held toge!r by a cem5t produc$ by ! clev] fa!r out ( a secretion f 8 kidneys4 ,hav+ prep>$ ! nurs]y1 ! /ickleback sets out to f9d a wife heavy ) eggs4 ,8 love *oice app>5tly is decid$ by ! capability ( 8 sp\se = h] mat]nal function4 ,by means ( mu* p]suasion & passionate c\rt%ip he woos h] & induces h] to deposit h] burd5 ( eggs 9 8 ne/4 ,i mu/ wait to impress ^u y ! wond] ( ?is fact4 ,^! love-antics ( ! /ickleback1 :i* are unique among fi%es1 w\ld seem n to be ex]cis$ = ! gratification ( male desire1 b = ! purpose ( induc+ ! female to lay h] eggs1--to d h] "p 9 giv+ him (fspr+4 ,va9ly d ,i ask myself ! reason ( ?is q unusual sexual altruism4 ,?is is v extraord9>y4 ,! fa!r woos ! reluctant "m ) passionate dances & 8 glad excitem5t is app>5tly int5se4 ,at ?is season ! /ickleback is trans=m$ & gl[s ) brilliant col\rs1 8 scales make silv] look dim1 8 ?roat gl[s ) flam+ v]milion1 he lit]ally puts on a w$d+ g>m5t ( love4#ba ,& did ,i n fe> be+ t$i\s by aga9 wait+ to po9t a moral1 ,i %\ld ask att5tion to ?is fur!r pro( giv5 by ! /ickleback's love joys to ! tru? :i* /&s out 9 ^! life hi/ories ( pre-human p>5ts4 ,i mean ?is3 ! p>5t--! "m or ! fa!r--lives 9 ! (fspr+4 ,y w see h[ deep is ! tru? "h4 ,! p>5t is1 aft] all1 only ! transitory cu/odian ( ! undy+ gift ( life4 ,! conduct ( ! "m /ickleback is 9 %>p contra/ ) ! devotion ( ! /ickleback fa!r4 ,at once1 hav+ rid h]self ( h] eggs1 h] desire w\ld seem to be to escape any fur!r responsibilities4 ,%e =ces h] way out ( ! ne/ by wriggl+ ?r\gh ! wall opposite ! entrance4 ,true1 by do+ ?is %e r5d]s a s]vice to ! nurs]y1 z %e !reby furni%es a *annel ?r\gh :i* a cont9u\s supply ( fre%1 cool wat] c be driv51 ?us keep+ ! eggs ba!d4 ,?is is ! only "w ! /ickleback "m does = ! family4 ,! male1 aft] ! fir/ lay+1 may p]suade h] to add /ill fur!r to ! deposit ( eggs4 ,sometimes1 we>i$ ) h] "o ef=t1 %e refuses4 ,?us =c$1 ! /ickleback seeks a second wife1 driv5 into polygam\s conduct ?r\gh 8 desire = (fspr+4 ,i "k ( no o!r case t is p>allel ) ?is4 ,& ! /ickleback's action has (t5 be5 misrepres5t$4 ,he is in/anc$ z a polygami/2 su* is ! fate t ev] awaits self-sacrifice6 ,:5 ! ne/ is full ! fa!r /ickleback m\nts gu>d ov] ! entrance ( ! nurs]y = ne>ly a mon?1 & he wat*es by day & by night1 def5d+ 8 preci\s *>ge aga9/ all com]s4 ,& "h ano!r curi\s fact mu/ be not$3 ! mo/ dang]\s assailants to ! safety ( ! nurs]y are 8 own wives2 ^! unnatural mo!rs w\ld1 if !y 7 p]mitt$1 dev\r e s+le egg4 ,is x ?is conduct ( ! female /icklebacks t expla9s ! devotion ( ! male8 ,aga9 ,i d n "k4 ,c]ta9 x is1 h[ev]1 t ! safety & c>e ( ! "y is ! /ickleback fa!r's con/ant occupation--! duty to :i* he sacrifices 8 life4 ,f "t to "t he *anges ! position ( ! eggs2 he is a ma/] 9 sanitation & keeps !m con/antly ba!d ) fre% wat]4 ,?is he does by driv+ a /ream ?r\gh ! ne/ by means ( a fann+ motion ( 8 brea/1 f9s & tail4 ,?r\gh all ! hat*+ p]iod he works ) unceas+ c>e4 ,:5 at l5g? ! fry are born1 ! fa!r's vigilance is ev5 fur!r tax$4 ,! *ildr51 vigor\s & v5turesome1 h to be wat*$ by day & by night & protect$4 ,ar\nd & across & 9 e direction ! fa!r1 z gu>dsman1 cont9ually swims4 ,he drives (f all com]s ) spl5did c\rage4 ,on "o occasion a /ickleback fa!r 0 wat*$ :ile 8 ne/ 0 attack$ by two t5* & a gold5 c>p2 he seiz$ _! f9s & /ruck ) all 8 might at _! heads & eyes4 ,truly ! /ickleback's c>e ( 8 *ildr5 is extraord9>y4 ,8 vigilant eye is ev]y:]e4 ,if any memb]s ( ! "y brood /ray too f> f ! ne/ = safety1 he imm$iately swims aft] !m1 seizes !m 9 8 m\?1 & br+s !m back to ! safe playwat] 9 ! vic9ity ( ! nurs]y4 ,?is cont9u\s wat*fulness la/s = ab\t six days aft] ! hat*+4#bb ,well1 :at d y ?9k n[ ( ! common view ( ! p>5tal in/9ct be+ /rong] always 9 ! "m ?an 9 ! fa!r8 ,h we n be5 tak+ too mu* = grant$ & accept+ !ory = tru?8 ,9 ! light ( our k ga9$ f ^! examples ( ! fa!r's extreme devotion1 x seems impossible to refra9 f ?9k+ t ! mo/ intellig5t & fit p>5t is ! "o :o c>es = ! "y4 ,no d\bt x is difficult1 or ev5 impossible1 to decide ! circum/ances t h contribut$ to ?is /range result ( ! fa!r tak+ ! "m's place 9 ! family4 ,we d n "k :e!r ^! acts ( 8 sacrifice to ! *ildr5's welf>e imply ! pres5ce ( ! m9d elem5t--t is1 :e!r !y c be reg>d$ z consci\s z di/+ui%$ f unconsci\s adaptation1 b ?is is altoge!r a sep>ate matt] & has no?+ to d ) ! "q we are consid]+4 ,fi% display1 accord+ to ,romanes1#bc emotions ( fe>1 pugnacity1 social1 sexual & p>5tal feel+s1 ang]1 jeal\sy1 play & curiosity4 ,su* emotions1 he /ates1 correspond ) ^? t are di/9ctive ( ! psy*ology ( a *ild ( ab\t f\r mon?s4 ,9 _m div]se species !re is cle> evid5ce ( "s =m ( p>5tal solicitude4 ,! spott$ goby1 or pole-w+1 = in/ance1 a fi% :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,?ames1 is a ne/-build]4 ,an old cockle-%ell is skilfully utilis$ to =m ! nurs]y4 ,! %ell is plac$ ) its cavity turn$ d[nw>ds1 b5ea? x ! soil is remov$ & !n ! e>?-walls are cem5t$ toge!r ) a secretion f ! sk9 ( ! p>5ts4 ,access to ! ne/ is ga9$ by a cyl9drical tunnel1 & ! :ole nurs]y is cov]$ & conceal$ by loose s&4 ,aga9 x is ! fa!r :o m\nts gu>d ov] ! eggs2 8 vigil la/s = ab\t n9e days4#bd ,!re are _m in/ances ( nurs]y build+ und]tak5 by fi% p>5ts4 ,agassiz#be records a case 9 :i* an elaborate ne/ =m$ ( knott$ we$s is made by a c]ta9 fi%1 kn[n z ,*ironectes4 ,?is rock+ fi%-cradle is c>ri$ by bo? p>5ts & is a k9d ( arb\r1 af=d+ protection & aft]w>ds food = its liv+ freight4#bf ,a rem>kable ne/ is built by ! ,am]ican b[-f9 7,amia calva71 f\nd 9 ! ea/]n /ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,bo? ! "m & ! fa!r "w toge!r to con/ruct ! nurs]y1 :i* is =m$ by a l>ge circul> area cle>$ among ! we$y %all[s2 ^! intellig5t p>5ts actually bite ?r\gh ! /ems ( all ! plants t !y _c break or pu% aside4 ,9 ! pool t is ?us made ! eggs are plac$ by ! "m & f]tilis$ by ! fa!r2 ! "y develop ) rem>kable rapidity & hat* out 9 ab\t eight days f "t ( lay+4 ,! family is !n jeal\sly gu>d$ by ! fa!r1 :o h]ds ! *ildr5--(t5 numb]+ z _m z a ?\s& individuals#bg--;by circl+ ar\nd & above !m 9 untir+ wat*fulness4 ,ano!r rem>kable ne/ is t ( ! eel-l gymn>*us ( ! ,nile2 a huge float+ nurs]y is made ( grasses1 measur+ "s two feet long & a foot broad4 ,)9 ?is ne/ "s ?\s& eggs are laid1 & z soon z !y are deposit$ by ! "m1 ! fa!r m\nts gu>d1 def5d+ !m1 & aft]w>ds ! "y1 ) great f]ocity4 ,"s fi%es' ne/s1 l ^? made by ! frogs1 are con/ruct$ ( foam4 ,m4 ,c>bonni] gives ! case ( a ,*9ese butt]fly fi% 9 8 private aqu>ium 9 ,p>is4 ,! male fi% con/ruct$ a l>ge ne/ ( fro?1 fifte5 to eighte5 c5timetres horizontal diamet] & t5 to twelve c5timetres high3 ?is he did by a curi\s suck+ & expell+ air :i* =m$ ! mucus 9 8 m\? into a :ite foam4 ,:5 ! ne/ 0 ?us prep>$ ! female 0 induc$ to ent]4 ,i d n "k :e!r ! fa!r's duty 0 cont9u$ aft] ?is po9t4#bh ,ev5 :]e no ne/ is made1 ! eggs & "y are sometimes gu>d$ by "o or o!r ( ! p>5ts1 b g5]ally ! fa!r4 ,s*neid] saw sev]al fi%es at ! ,naples ,aqu>ium protect+ _! eggs2 9 "o case ! male m\nt$ gu>d ov] a rock :]e ! eggs 7 deposit$1 & swam ) op5 m\? aga9/ all intrud]s4 ,aga91 ! butt]-fi% 7,pholis7 ( our coa/s lays a mass ( eggs1 & ar\nd ?is future family ! fa!r coils 8 body1 j z does ! py?on among ! reptiles4 ,"s fi%es1 z = in/ance ! cat-fi%es 7siluridae71 h ! curi\s habit ( c>ry+ ! eggs 9 _! m\?4 ,a fur!r int]e/+ case ( pat]nal solicitude is furni%$ by ! male fi% ( ! common lump-suck]4 ,! eggs are deposit$ 9 l>ge clumps1 & ! fa!r's fir/ c>e is to secure _! prop] oxyg5ation4 ,?is he does by press+ 8 head into ! c5tre ( ea* clump1 an action :i* n only prev5ts ! eggs f be+ too closely cr[d$1 b s]ves also to press ! spawn firmly into ! crevices ( ! rock on :i* x is always laid4 ,z soon z ?is is done ?is fi%-fa!r m\nts gu>d ov] 8 family4 ,all w\ld-be enemies1 su* z />-fi% & crabs1 :o make ceaseless ef=ts to rob ! nurs]y1 are driv5 (f4 ,! "w ( oxyg5ation is /ill c>ri$ on1 & /reams ( fre% wat]1 s necess>y = ! "y lives1 are driv5 by ! c>eful fa!r into ! masses ( ! eggs4 ,:5 ! "y appe> new family duties await him1 = ! fry at once atta* !mselves to 8 body & are c>ri$ ab\t by him4#bi ,!re are o!r in/ances :]e ! "y are atta*$ to ! body ( ! p>5t4 ,sometimes x is ! "m :o gives ?is protection1 & be>s h] eggs atta*$ to ! "u surface ( h] body4 ,! lophobran*iate fi% incubate _! eggs 9 p\*es 9 ! same way z "s frogs1 & !y %[ elaborate p>5tal feel+s4 ,:5 ! "y are hat*$ out1 "o or o!r p>5t1 usually ! fa!r1 c>efully gu>ds !m1 & ! p\* !n s]ves z a place ( %elt] or retreat f dang]4 ,dr4 ,re9hold ,h5sel /ates ( a little-kn[n ,brazilian fi% 7,geophagus scymnophilus7 t "o ( ! p>5ts--he does n say :i*--keeps c>eful gu>d ov] ! family1 :i* numb]s f tw5ty to ?irty4 ,at a di/ance he wat*es 8 *ildr54 ,:5 al>m$ = _! safety1 he takes a swift swim t[>ds !m1 & !y1 z if at 8 ^w ( comm&1 collect ar\nd 8 m\?4 ,sudd5ly1 if ! cause ( al>m is n remov$1 ! m\? is op5$1 & ! :ole family is engulf$4 ,9 an adult :i* 0 captur$ :ile ?us lad51 ! "y 7 se5 to be cr[d$ toge!r 9 ! m\? ) _! heads t[>ds ! gills4 ,"h ! family is safe1 & :5 ! cause = al>m is pass$1 ! y\ng/]s are probably sudd5ly expell$ f _! liv+ cav]n4 ,ano!r extraord9>y case is record$ by ,m4 ,c>bonni]1 :i* c]ta9ly appe>s to %[ anxiety on ! "p ( fi%-fa!rs to h (fspr+4 ,! males ( ! grotesque telescope-fi% 7a v>iety ( ,c>assius auratus7 h ! curi\s habit ( act+ z acc\*eurs to ! females4 ,on "o occasion ?ree males 7 wat*$ pursu+ "o "m heavy ) spawn4 ,!y roll$ h] l a ball ^u ! gr\nd = a di/ance ( sev]al metres1 & ?is process !y cont9u$1 )\t re/ or relaxation1 = two days4 ,!n ! exhau/$ "m1 :o _h be5 unable to recov] h] equilibrium = a mom5t1 at la/ evacuat$ h] eggs4 ,!re is p]petual v>iety 9 ! actions ( ev5 ! l[lie/ p>5ts4 ,i might add _m fur!r examples m or less extraord9>y1 ( ! habits ( fi% & reptile mo!rs or fa!rs2 b1 ev5 did ! limit ( my space p]mit ?is1 x is n1 ,i ?9k1 necess>y3 ,i h prov$ ! exi/5ce l[ d[n 9 ! scale ( life ( m>k$ solicitude = ! "y1 & %[n t su* c>e & sacrifice is %[n frequ5tly by ! fa!r4 ,let me summ>ise n[ :at we h le>nt 9 ?is & ! prec$+ *apt]1 s z to e/abli% ! lessons t seem to me may be tak5 f ^! pre-human p>5ts4 ,! div]sity 9 ! expression ( ! p>5tal in/9cts mu/ fir/ be grasp$4 ,!re is no fix$ ord]1 nor does !re seem to be any cont9uity ( developm5t 9 ?is matt] ( c>e = ! "y4 ,we h to give up q ! evolution>y idea ( a c]ta9 & un9t]rupt$ progress4 ,?r\gh\t our inquiry we h be5 met ) surprises4 ,^! ?+s baffle our attempts to f9d an explanation4 ,:at is x t decides & develops ! /rong in/9ct ( p>5?ood8 ,a p>5t 9 a species t is l[] 9 ! scale w (t5 h m p>5tal feel+ ?an a p>5t 9 a high] species4 ,:y1 = in/ance1 is ! /ickleback su* a devot$ fa!r2 m self-sacrific+ ?an any o!r fi%-fa!r8 & :y is ! /ickleback "m )\t reg>d = h] *ildr58 ,:y among ! dung-beetles is ! same p>5tal sacrifice %[n by bo? p>5ts8 ,aga91 :y is a nurs]y made 9 "s cases & n 9 o!rs8 :y are ! "y gu>d$ sometimes by ! "m & sometimes by ! fa!r8 ,we may say t all ?is wide div]sity 9 habits has aris5 ?r\gh adaptation2 ! circum/ances t h condition$ ! life ( ! species h be5 diff]5t1 & ?is has necess>ily caus$ v>iety 9 _! behavi\r4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 true1 b does x really tea* u v mu*8 ,no soon] d we beg9 to apply our reasons to any p>ticul> case ( family behavi\r ?an we f9d ourselves at a loss4 ,our reason+ sudd5ly breaks d[n1 ei!r because our k is incomplete1 or because "o set ( facts we possess seem to be contradict$ by o!r facts ( :i* we are equally sure4 ,let u at once ackn[l$ge our ignorance2 !re is mu* t _c be expla9$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we speculate at all on ! matt]1 c]ta9 g5]al ideas may be sugge/$4 ,we are l$ to ! view t :5 ! fa!r und]takes ! c>e ( ! "y1 ?is rev]sal 9 ! family duties mu/ be prim>ily due to "s failure on ! "p ( ! "m 9 p]=m+ ! "w 9 ! nurs]y & home :i* cu/om>ily is h]s4 ,x is z if ! fa!r /eps into h] place 9 ord] t ! species may escape ! nemesis ( elim9ation4 ,! facts we h le>nt are ( no little importance4 ,!y t5d to m9imise1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! family at lea/1 ! importance ( ! "m 9 relation to ! "y z comp>$ ) ! importance ( ! fa!r4 ,x is ?is t ,i wi% to e/abli%4 ,& :at we h le>nt sugge/s ! fur!r int]dep5d5ce1 t does seem to exi/ among all species1 betwe5 intellig5ce & good p>5?ood4 ,fabre1 out ( 8 wisdom & z a result ( 8 great k1 says t ! duties ( c>+ = ! "y are ! supreme inspir]s ( ! intellect4 ,:]ev] we f9d devot$ p>5ts !re also d we f9d l(ty in/9cts4 ,?is is ! second idea ,i ask y to accept4 ,i ?9k t we h prov$ its tru?4 ,i may n /ay "h to po9t out ! imm5se importance ( ^! sugge/ions to ! inquiry we are mak+ z to ! action ( ! mat]nal in/9ct1 nor %all ,i pause to indicate ! lessons t seem to me to await u f ! curi\s trans=mation f\nd 9 s _m species 9 ! duties ( ! two sexes4 ,^! consid]ations mu/ wait until we "k m4 ,we h1 ,i tru/1 ext5d$ some:at1 z well z r5d]$ m exact1 our k on ?is complex & difficult "q ( mo!rhood4 ,9 ! next two *apt]s ,i %all endeav\r to ext5d x /ill fur!r by a brief consid]ation ( c]ta9 /rik+ habits ,i h met ) ( p>5?ood among ! birds & high] animals4 ,i am well aw>e t !re are _m p :o _c br+ !mselves to believe 91 or ev5 li/5 )\t impati5ce to1 any comp>ison betwe5 ! conduct ( animals & t :i* prevails among ourselves4 ,x is absurd1 !y w say1 to try to expla9 ! conditions ( human p>5?ood by ref]5ces to animal p>5ts4 ,i h no hope ( conv9c+1 nor d ,i mu* desire to conv9ce1 ^? :o ?us object4 ,i w\ld m]ely advise !m to leave out ?is section ( my book altoge!r4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,v ,,p>5?ood ,,among ,,birds ,,) ,,fur!r ,,examples ,,( ,,good ,,fa!rs ,recapitulation ( facts e/abli%$--,rev]sal ( sex attributes--,c\rt+ females & nurs+ males among c]ta9 birds--,attempt at explanation--,are sex-hung] & p>5tal affection 9 conflict--,a high /&>d ( family life among birds--,few birds :o are bad fa!rs--,examples ( v>y+ division ( family "w--,a few birds :o are bad p>5ts--,:]e ! "m takes sole *>ge ( ! eggs ! fa!r z a rule takes little int]e/ 9 ! family--,! polygam\s gall9ace\s birds--,conduct affect$ by habits ( ! home--,! ,adlie p5gu9s--,_! co-op]ative *ild-re>+--,! great emp]or p5gu9--,scrimmage ( *ildless mo!rs & fa!rs = possession ( *ick5s4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,p>5?ood ,,among ,,birds ,,) ,,fur!r ,,examples ,,( ,,good ,,fa!rs 8,prais'd be ! fa?omless univ]se1 ,= life & joy1 & = objects & k curi\s40 ,,walt ,,:itman4 ,two ?+s ,i h be5 anxi\s to br+ out prom95tly 9 ! =ego+ *apt]s3 t p>5tal behavi\r among ! insects1 reptiles & fi%es pres5ts u ) a bewild]+ div]sity ( aspects--9 p>ticul>1 t ! in/9ct ( c>+ = ! "y is n fix$ 9 ! "m1 b may be transf]r$ f h] to ! fa!r2 & fur!r1 t all p>5tal sacrifice1 ?\gh (t5 unconsci\sly exp5d$ to ma9ta9 ! well-be+ ( ! family1 is ( direct b5efit to ! p>5t :o be/[s x1 & is ! sure/ means ( develop+ & bright5+ su* a p>5t's individual intellig5ce4 ,n[1 ,i wi% to elaborate & e/abli% ^! two propositions ) fur!r examples 9 ord] t !y may be laid hold ( & firmly grasp$ z indubitable facts2 & !n we may come to see & und]/& ! significance to ourselves ( ^! unusually devot$ fa!rs1 :i* are f\nd1 & t n infrequ5tly1 among all classes ( pre-human p>5ts4 ,! v>i$ behavi\r ( bird-p>5ts--m especially ( ! males--furni%es j ! k9d ( evid5ce we ne$4 ,!re are sev]al cases kn[n1 & ,i believe !re mu/ be o!rs z yet unrecord$1 :]e9 ! conduct &1 inde$1 ! :ole "* ( ! two sexes is rev]s$4 ,"h ! females1 driv5 x w\ld seem by a fi]ce sex-hung]1 d ! c\rt+ & fight "o ano!r z rivals = ! males1 :ile ! males und]take all ! family duties ( incubation & brood+ & ! fe$+ ( ! "y4 ,! phal>opes1 bo? ! grey & ! r$-neck$ species1 :i* are f\nd 9 ,scotl& & ,irel&1 af=d a /rik+ example ( ^! unsex$ females4 ,among ^! birds ! rle ( ! sexes is rev]s$4 ,! duties ( incubation & re>+ ! "y are conduct$ entirely by ! male1 & 9 correlation ) ?is habit1 ! female does all ! c\rt+4 ,%e is /rong] & m pugnaci\s ?an ! male1 & is also bright] 9 plumage4 ,?is is really v rem>kable4 ,:at has act$ 9 br++ ab\t ?is rev]sal 9 ! second>y sexual *>act]s8 ,c ! male nature be transf]r$ to ! female8 ,^! are difficult que/ions4 ,9 col\r ! phal>opes are a pale olive v ?ickly spott$ & /reak$ ) black4 ,! male is ! psy*ical "m1 ! female takes no notice ( ! ne/ aft] lay+ ! eggs4 ,frequ5tly at ! beg9n+ ( ! bre$+ season %e is accompani$ by m ?an "o male1 s t x is evid5t poly&ry is practis$4#cj ,! same unusual family conditions prevail ) ! rhea & ! emu1 & also among ! pa9t$ snipes1 cass[>ies1 t9am\s1 & "s ( ! button-quails4#ca ,!re are probably in/ances ( o!r birds1 b ,i d n "k ( details ( _! habits2 ,wallace#cb also m5tions sev]al species 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 among :om all c>e ( ! "y falls entirely ^u ! fa!r4 ,9 all ^! bird families exactly opposite conditions prevail to :at we are accu/om$4 ,x %\ld be specially not$ t ^! unnatural 7,i use ! ^w simply to mean unusual7 mo!rs are l>g] & m vividly col\r$ ?an ! h>d-work$ fa!rs2 9 all su* cases poly&ry is practis$4 ,:y is ?is8 ,! only attempt at an explanation t ,i h be5 able to discov] is giv5 by ,mr4 ,pycraft 9 8 fasc9at+ book1 ,! ,c\rt%ip ( ,animals4 ,he says--#cc 8,! solution ( ?is problem probably lies ) ! physiologi/4 ,we n[ "k t ! problem ( sex does n re/ m]ely 9 ! complete developm5t ( ! prim>y sexual organs2 we "k t f]tile unions d n dep5d m]ely on ! act ( pair+1 b on ! functional activity ( ! ancill>y gl&s4 ,& x may well be t "s *ange 9 ! "* ( ! secretions has n only affect$ ! num]ical values ( ! sexes1 b rev]s$ ! normal rle ( coloration & behavi\r40 ,mr4 ,pycraft does n consid] t ! poly&r\s habits ( ^! birds are due prim>ily to a prepond]ance ( ! females 9 ! species ov] ! males1 b holds t ?is condition mu/ r be reg>d$ z hav+ aris5 f a transf]5ce to ! females1 or developm5t 9 !m1 ( increas$ sexual hung]1 :i* int5sity ( passion w\ld t5d to lead to an exhau/ion ( ! males4 ,?is is exce$+ly int]e/+4 ,mr4 ,pycraft cont9ues-- 8,nei!r polygamy nor poly&ry among ! l[] animals1 at any rate1 has be5 br\ght ab\t or is ma9ta9$ by ! excessive dea? rate due to combats = ! possession ( mates1 b mu/ be expla9$ z demon/rat+ inh]5t *anges 9 ! g]m-plasm1 di/urb+ ! relative proportions ( ! sexes & correlat$ ) a pr(\nd trans=mation1 n only 9 ! behavi\r ( ! sexes dur+ ! p]iod ( reproductive activity1 b also 9 _! physical *>act]i/ics40 ,if ,i und]/& ?is aright1 ! conclusion seems =c$ ^u u t p>5tal conduct is directly dep5d5t on ! action ( ! sexual appetite3 t x may be modifi$1 & 9 "s cases pr(\ndly *ang$1 by any v>iation 9 ?is appetite's /r5g? & expression4 ,?is is ( pr(\nd int]e/1 & su* a view1 if e/abli%$1 might expla9 a great deal4#cd ,b c x be accept$8 ,to say t su* *anges are due to ! action ( ! 8hormones10 or secretions ( ! sexual gl&s1 does n help u v mu*4 ,:at we want to "k is :at induces ! *anges4 ,!re is mu* t _c yet be expla9$4 ,if ,i may v5ture to speculate on s difficult a "q1 x w\ld seem t :5 ! int5sity ( sex-hung] becomes = any reason /rong] 9 ! females ?an 9 ! males1 ! result may be a dim9i%+ ( ! in/9cts ( mo!rhood4 ,x is z if ! egoti/ic desires ( sex 7 9 opposition to ! racial duties4 ,?is w\ld expla9 ! female phal>opes1 ^: mat]nal in/9cts are completely atrophi$4 ,does x n sugge/ also a possible explanation ( "s failures 9 human mo!rhood8 ,?is op5s up que/ions t rea* v f>4 ,i am tempt$ to wait to enl>ge on ! imm5se significance ( ^! unnatural bird-mo!rs 9 ! analogy _! conduct be>s to "o ( ! mo/ difficult cases ( human mo!rhood--! /rongly sexual woman :o be>s *ildr5 b is q unfit & )\t any desire to re> !m4 ,i %all h m to say 9 ! lat] "p ( my inquiry ab\t su* wom51 :o are driv5 by passion to be mo!rs )\t hav+ any in/9ct = mo!rhood4 ,b n[ a return mu/ be made to ! birds' nurs]ies4 ,x is a matt] ( common k t birds display a m>vell\s solicitude = ! welf>e ( ! "y1 & _! family life pres5ts a beautiful & high /&>d ( conduct4#ce ,!re are v few examples ( birds :o are bad fa!rs4 ,(t5 ! male rivals ! female 9 love = ! "y2 he is 9 con/ant att5dance 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ne/2 he gu>ds1 fe$s1 & s+s to ! female1 & (t5 %>es ) h] ! duty ( incubation4 ,! cock o/ri*1 = example1 wat*es by night ov] ! hole 9 :i* ! eggs h be5 buri$1 & ! h5 takes ?is duty by day4 ,! scream] birds1 aga91 "w 9 %ifts ( two or ?ree h\rs ea*4 ,:5 !y br$ 9 ! ,london ,zoological ,g>d5s1 x 0 notic$ t ! cock-bird act$ z timekeep]1 & at ! end ( a wat* us$ to come & pu% ! female (f ! ne/4#cf ,^! examples are delightful4 ,x w\ld seem almo/ t ! males1 :5 infect$ ) pat]nal passion1 7 m ard5t & regul> 9 ! p]=mance ( nurs]y duties ?an ! "m4 ,among _m birds x is usual = all family "w to be p]=m$ q irrespective ( sex1 & ! p>5t :o is free takes ! task ( fe$+ ! "o :o is occupi$ ) ! ne/4#cg ,! male hornbill is a family despot2 dur+ ! bre$+ season he walls up 8 sp\se )9 ! trunk ( a tree4 ,he fe$s h] ) great c>e1 b he all[s h] no lib]ty4 ,z soon z "o family is re>$ _m birds at once burd5 !mselves ) ano!r4 ,! ,cali=nian quail af=ds an example4 ,9 ?is species ! fa!r takes sole *>ge ( ! family z soon z ! "y birds atta9 ! age ( ?ree weeks1 :5 ! "m beg9s ! lab\rs ( re>+ a second brood4 ,m curi\s are ! habits ( ! wat] h51 among :om ! "y ( ! fir/ family assi/ 9 ! "w ( fe$+ _! bro!rs & si/]s ( ! lat] broods4#ch ,! lab\r ( fe$+ ! "y family is a heavy task 9 :i* bo? p>5ts commonly %>e4 ,!re are no cases ( unsuitable fe$+ ( ne/l+s by c>eless or ignorant p>5ts4 ,a regul> c\rse ( nurs]y diet>y is practis$1 9 p>ticul> ) nidicol\s species1 :]e ! "y are born 9 a helpless condition2 (t5 a special infant food is prep>$ by a process ( regurgitation1 or food p>tly dige/$ & ?r[n up4 ,?us baby f9*es are f$ on food made ( dige/$ insects2 p>5t p>rots also prep>e a dige/$ vegetable food2 /orks break up worms & frogs & pieces ( little fi%es & mix x ) p>tly dige/$ matt] & ?r[ x out on ! edge ( ! ne/ = ! family meals4 ,"y pigeons ?ru/ _! beaks into ! m\?s ( _! mo!rs to absorb ! s-call$ pigeon's-milk1 :i* is really dige/$ food mix$ ) a secretion f ! crop2 little cormorants ?ru/ _! bills "r d[n ! neck ( _! "m & help !mselves to food out ( h] /oma*4 ,! petrels secrete oil f ! fi% !y eat to fe$ ! "y3 ?is oil is us$ also z a weapon ( def5ce bo? by ! p>5ts & ! ne/l+s1 :o squirt x out f _! m\?s & no/rils at any unwelcome intrud] on ! privacy ( ! ne/4#ci ,:5 ! "y are f$ entirely on insects ! "w entail$ on ! p>5ts is enorm\s4 ,a pair ( blue tit-mice1 = example1 h be5 se5 to make no less ?an f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-five j\rneys to ! ne/ dur+ a day's =ag+ ext5d+ ov] sev5te5 h\rs4 ,aga91 ! male ( ! common dab*ick works untir+ly1 & has be5 se5 to take z _m z =ty j\rneys1 ) food1 9 ! space ( an h\r1 back to ! ne/1 :]e 8 wife waits ) ! *ildr51 :i* commonly p]* on h] back & are protect$ by h] w+s4 ,small wond] is !re t ! lab\rs ( bo? p>5ts are ne$$ to keep ! "y families f />vation4 ,9 "s cases a practical division ( "w is arrang$2 & ! fa!r w br+ a diff]5t k9d ( food f ! "m4 ,) ! /[-*at1 = in/ance1 ! "m br+s small prey1 g5]ally spid]s1 b sometimes butt]flies & mo?s1 :ile ! fa!r selects & c>ries l>ge cat]pill>s4 ,ev5 :]e ! "y are precoci\s1 fairly active at bir?1 & soon able to fe$ !mselves1 "o or bo? p>5ts = a consid]able "t gu>d1 tea* & protect !m4 ,great brav]y & intellig5ce are display$ 9 ! face ( any dang]1 n only w _m p>5t-birds savagely attack an enemy1 b 9 "s cases1 z1 = in/ance1 ! plov] or ! p>tridge1 ! "m w feign to h a brok5 limb or to be lame1 to draw (f f ! "y ! att5tion ( ! intrud]4 ,no p>5tal duty is neglect$4 ,daily lessons are frequ5tly giv5 to ! nursl+s on ! "r k9d ( food & ! be/ way ( fe$+4 ,?us "y birds ( prey are in/ruct$1 fir/ 9 ! art ( break+ up _! food1 & lat] 9 ! be/ me?ods ( its capture4 ,"y swall[s1 aga91 receive a c>efully graduat$ c\rse ( lessons on ! difficult "w ( cat*+ ! insects :i* =m _! food1 :ile !y are fly+4 ,! p>5ts ( ! woodcock c>ry _! *ildr5 to ! fe$+ gr\nd1 to & f ! ne/1 support+ ! preci\s little ones ) _! beaks1 & press$ close )9 _! feet1 :i* are us$ z mat]nal arms4#dj ,a delightful incid5t 0 witness$ dur+ ! fe$+-"t ( a r$-back$ %rike--#da 8,! male _h br\ght to ! ne/ a "y bird1 &1 pull+ (f its head1 proce$$ to ram x d[n ! ?roat ( a v un=tunate y\ng/]4 ,b ! morsel 0 too big1 & _h to be readju/$1 n once1 b _m times2 & f9ally x 0 =c$ home ) su* success t ! wret*$ bird 0 9 imm95t dang] f *ok+4 ,at ?is ! female1 :o _h be5 sitt+ on ! opposite side ( ! ne/1 mak+1 app>5tly1 v s>ca/ic comm5ts on ! awkw>dness ( h] "l1 & males 9 g5]al1 sudd5ly seiz$ ! (f5d+ head &1 dragg+ x =?1 proce$$ to te> x into small pieces1 giv+ ea* ( ! brood a piece4 ,& dur+ ?is "t ! male look$ on 9 :at appe>$ to be a v subdu$ fa%ion40 ,almo/ all birds take great tr\ble to ensure ! sanitation ( ! nurs]y1 & are dilig5t 9 _! c>e ( ! heal? ( ! "y4 ,all ! excrem5ts are remov$ f ! ne/1 a task t is r5d]$ easy1 z ! dropp+s ( ! "y are enclos$ 9 a :ite1 film-l envelope or capsule4 ,a mo/ c>eful se>* is made at ! bottom ( ! ne/ = ^! capsules by ! p>5ts :5ev] !y come to fe$ ! "y4 ,d !y fail to f9d ! expect$ capsules1 "o or o!r ( ! p>5ts aft] ! fe$+ w tap1 tap on ! anus ( ! "y birds z if to rem9d !m ( a duty neglect$4#db ,?is is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ extraord9>y example ( p>5tal c>e t ,i h be5 able to discov]4 ,"o wond]s h[ f> ?is app>5t recognition ( ! necessity ( regul> habits & cleanl9ess is in/9ctive1 or h[ f> we may grant to ^! p>5ts "s direct realisation ( ! dang]s aris+ to _! *ildr5 f neglect & a dirty nurs]y4 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be ?\ght t all birds are good p>5ts4 ,9 "s species !re w\ld seem to h be5 a revolt aga9/ family ties & ! duty ( c>+ = ! "y4 ,! common cuckoo & "s o!r cuckoos are well-kn[n examples4 ,among !m1 ! "m1 z e "o kn[s1 always lays ! eggs 9 ! ne/ ( "s o!r birds1 & ! "y cuckoo1 :5 x is hat*$1 w\ld seem to h "s k ( its prec>i\s position z a /rang]4 ,x creeps "u ! ne/l+s ( its fo/]-p>5ts1 &1 by a viol5t ef=t1 raises !m "o by "o on its holl[ back & j]ks !m out ( ! ne/1 s secur+ undivid$ att5tion 9 its ali5 nurs]y4 ,a simil> p>asitic habit1 n yet s firmly e/abli%$1 is f\nd among ! c[-birds ( ! ,arg5t9e4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hudson has se5 ! mo!rs try+ to build ne/s & fail+ to d ?is1 z if !y 7 /ruggl+ to rega9 a dy+ in/9ct4 ,! females flutt] ab\t ! mud-ne/s ( ! ov5-birds1 & :5ev] a *ance pres5ts itself w d>t 9 & lay _! eggs4 ,o!r c[-birds make no ef=t at all 9 ne/-build+1 & always lay _! eggs 9 ! occupi$ ne/s ( o!r birds1 &1 z _! eggs develop v quickly1 ! intrud]s hat* out be=e ! true *ildr5 ( ! nurs]y & rob !m ( _! p>5ts' c>e4 ,:at d we le>n f ?is8 ,t neglect on ! "p ( ! "m--any %uffl+ out ( h] duties1 !reby plac+ ! c>e ( h] *ildr5 on ! %\ld]s ( o!r p>5ts1 leads to crime & disord] 9 ! social organisation4 ,"s birds are cont5t ) v little c>e = home-build+ ready = _! eggs4 ,birds belong+ to _m diff]5t species make nurs]ies 9 holl[ trees1 caves1 burr[s or natural cavities1 sometimes l9+ !m ) leaves & fea!rs to make !m s(t1 b sometimes ev5 neglect+ ?is c>e4 ,! ,new ,zeal& kakapo or gr\nd p>rot1 to take "o in/ance1 hides 9 any hole x f9ds & lays its eggs !re )\t any prep>ation2 ! k+fi%]1 aga91 digs out a hole 9 ! gr\nd1 or occupies "o t x f9ds4 ,emus scrape a %all[ hole 9 ! gr\nd & d n cov] ! eggs4 ,! cass[>y scrapes toge!r a rude pile ( leaves & m\ld on :i* %e lays ! eggs4 ,"s ( ! megapodes or bu% turkeys bury _! eggs 9 ! s&1 & !n take no fur!r tr\ble ab\t !m1 leav+ incubation to ! *ance w>m? ( ! sun4 ,o!rs build enorm\s heaps ( decay+ leaves1 =m+ a hot-b$ f natural f]m5tation1 by :i* ! *icks are hat*$ out ) no tr\ble to ! p>5ts4 ,! "y ( ! megapodes are ! only liv+ birds t are hat*$ out able to fly at once & ready to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,x w\ld appe> t neglectful p>5ts fo/] self-developm5t 9 ! *ildr54#dc ,:]e ! "m broods alone ov] ! eggs x sometimes happ5s t ! fa!r-bird takes no int]e/ 9 ! family4 ,! polygam\s gall9ace\s birds appe> to be )\t1 or to h lo/1 ! pat]nal in/9ct4 ,peacocks1 pheasants1 turkey-cocks1 & b>n-door cocks d practically no?+ = _! families1 & :ile ! "m-birds' c>e 9 fe$+ & gu>d+ ! "y is untir+1 ! fa!rs are runn+ aft] amor\s adv5tures4 ,! conduct ( ! male turkey is ev5 worse1 =1 prompt$ by jeal\sy1 he w (t5 attempt to dev\r ! eggs1 & ! "y are protect$ f 8 attacks only by ! mo!rs unit+ toge!r 9 troops4 ,"h we see ! exact opposite conduct 9 ! two sexes f t 9 su* a family z ! /icklebacks1 :]e good fa!rs replace bad mo!rs4 ,b ! same result foll[s4 ,9 ei!r case ! neglect ( p>5tal duty by "o or o!r p>5t is a s\rce ( weakness to ! family & increases ! risks to :i* ! "y are expos$4#dd ,i mu/ insi/ on h[ /rongly conduct is affect$ by ! conditions ( ! home2 & any *ange ( habits w directly modify p>5tal behavi\r4 ,?us an animal habitually dome/ic may easily *ange "u ! pressure ( ext]nal causes4 ,?us wild ducks1 ?\gh good p>5ts & /rictly monogam\s1 & v highly develop$ 9 social qualities :5 9 ! wild /ate1 become indiff]5t to _! (fspr+ & loosely polygam\s "u dome/ication4#de ,civilisation1 9 ?is case1 depraves ! birds z (t5 x does m54 ,b ! examples ( bad p>5ts among birds are few 9 numb]4 ,i w end ?is *apt] by relat+1 ) z mu* detail z is possible1 ! curi\s family hi/ory ( ! ,adlie p5gu9s2#df z ^! birds h develop$ "s int]e/+ & />tl+ exp]im5ts 9 nurs]y c>e & p>5?ood4 ,! p5gu9s live 9 l>ge social colonies4 ,x %\ld be not$ fir/ t ! dea? rate among ! "y birds is enorm\sly high1 z happ5s inv>iably :]e ! s+le family is replac$ by great bre$+ colonies4 ,yet ! p5gu9s are self-sacrific+ p>5ts4 ,ye> by ye> 9 ! mon? ( ,octob] !y return to ! same bre$+-gr\nd1 hav+ travell$ _m hundr$s ( difficult miles1 & urg$ by a my/]i\s no/algia t _! *ildr5 may be born 9 ! same home4 ,! fir/ duty is to take possession ( "o ( ! old /one ne/s1 or to scoop out a new holl[ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,"h ! h5s sit by ! future home1 & wait = proposals f ! cocks4 ,! advance is made by :at appe>s to be a symbolic action & ! cock places a /one at ! h5's feet4 ,b (t5 ! h5 answ]s nev] a ^w4 ,bloody duels are f\ght betwe5 rival suitors to ar\se h] passion & prove ! vig\r ( h] mate4 ,bo? birds "w at ! home-mak+1 repair+ an old ne/ or =m+ a new "o1 :i* is made ( r\nd$ /ones4 ,! cock collects ^!1 & x is int]e/+ to note :at w\ld seem to be an /hetic ta/e 9 ^! bird-build]s2 c]ta9 pa9t$ pebbles1 provid$ by ! explor]s = ! use ( ! birds1 7 9 great dem&1 ! col\r r$ be+ pref]r$ to gre54 ,dur+ ! fir/ days ( w$d$ life ! conflicts betwe5 ! cocks cont9ue1 & ! *os5 cock ma9ta9s 8 rights by driv+ (f all int]lop]s2 b lat]1 :5 ! pair settle d[n to ! s]i\s duties ( ! family1 !y live 9 peace & are p]fectly fai?ful to ea* o!r4 ,n until ! eggs h be5 laid does ei!r p>5t g to fe$2 ! %orte/ p]iod ( total ab/95ce f food be+ ab\t eighte5 days & ! longe/ ab\t tw5ty-eight days--a f9e example ( p>5tal sacrifice4 ,!n "o ( ! birds m>*es (f to ! wat] = a holiday1 :i* may la/ f sev5 to t5 days1 aft] :i* x comes back to give ! o!r bird its turn4 ,:5 ! "y p5gu9s are hat*$ ! p>5ts %>e 9 ! "w ( fe$+ & gu>d+ !m1 & relieve ea* o!r at frequ5t int]vals4 ,! bird :o goes to fe$ always returns heavily burd5$ ) provisions1 & its always qua9t %ape becomes grotesque1 :5 s lad5 ) cru/aceans t x has to lean backw>ds to keep its balance4 ,sometimes a bird w try to c>ry too mu*1 ) ! result t x tumbles ov] & loses ! entire load4 ,! "y *icks fe$ 9 ! same way z ! "y cormorants1 by ?ru/+ _! heads into ! p>5t's gullet4 ,?\gh bo? birds "w toge!r & ) ! same zeal1 x mu/ be not$ t ! "m's gu>d ov] ! "y is m /rict ?an is t ( ! fa!r4 ,:5 ! "m is sitt+1 no?+1 n ev5 a wrangle ) h] next-door neighb\r1 w induce h] to move f h] po/4 ,:atev] happ5s1 !re %e /ays until h] turn = relaxation comes4 ,b ! cocks are m easily l$ a/ray4 ,_! combativ5ess causes !m to =get family affairs4 ,(t5 mu* h>m is done by ^! qu>rels 9 ! cr[d$ rook]y1 :i* occur frequ5tly & 9 spite ( ! prote/s ( anxi\s neighb\r+ p>5ts1 :o are se5 try+ to make peace4 ,! mo/ curi\s habit ( ^! delightful birds has /ill to be record$4 ,!y h develop$ a ta/e = games1 su* z leap+1 div+ & bo>d+ ! ice-floes4 ,^! amusem5ts are indulg$ 9 by ! adults1 :o b& !mselves 9 l>ge companies1 & play occupies mu* ( _! "t4 ,to ga9 ! necess>y fre$om = ?is fun f _! homes1 & )\t leav+ ! *icks to p]i%1 a mo/ in/ructive device has be5 evolv$ by ! p5gu9 p>5ts4 ,! birds ) "y families 8pool _! (fspr+0 9 gr\ps1 :i* are left 9 *>ge ( a few consci5ti\s birds1 bo? cocks & h5s1 :o act z nurses2 !y w>d (f ! attacks ( ! sukas1 & keep1 or try to keep1 ! *icks f w&]+4 ,! holiday+ p>5ts br+ food at int]vals--:5 _! consci5ces smite !m--& !y rema9 fai?ful to _! own cr*es4 ,?is is1 ,i ?9k1 ! e>lie/ example ( :at mu/ be reg>d$ z a prem$itat$ exp]im5t 9 co-op]ative *ild-re>+4 ,= ! p>5ts x d\btless has _m advantages4 ,^! rem>kable birds c]ta9ly appe> to f9d a q unusual joy 9 life3 we read ( ! ec/atic attitudes !y w frequ5tly assume & ! weird 8*ant de satisfaction0 :i* !y utt] dur+ play :5 all is well ) _! _w4 ,yet ! fact1 already not$1 mu/ n be ov]look$ t ! dea? rate 9 ! rook]y is enorm\sly high2 inde$1 a frightful mortality (t5 ov]takes ! "y *icks :5 left by _! p>5ts4 ,! *ildr5 pay = ! escape on ! "p ( ! p>5ts f ! sacrifice p>5?ood mu/ entail4 ,i h a fur!r case to record ( a diff]5t exp]im5t 9 co-op]ative p>5?ood1 9 ?is case necessitat$ ?r\gh ! sev]ities ( ! /ruggle ( life4 ,9 ! same ant>ctic regions :]e ! ,adlie p5gu9s make _! home !re dwells ano!r p5gu91 ! great emp]or p5gu94 ,?is bird has a sad hi/ory2 nev]1 dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( its life1 does x t\* dry l&2 ! va/ ice-fields =m its only home1 & x has to brave ! p]ils ( ! op5 wat] 9 its se>* = food4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! /ruggle = life is sev]e1 & ! p>5t-birds h ! greate/ difficulty to re> ! "y4 ,9 ^! ice-nurs]ies1 incubation 9 ! usual mann] 9 a ne/ is impossible2 a new & curi\s me?od is adopt$4 ,ea* "m lays b a s+le egg1 :i* is plac$ = w>m? & safety 9 a 8brood-spot0 situat$ at ! back ( ! feet1 :]e x is cov]$ by ! ov]lapp+ fea!rs ( ! abdom54 ,ev5 ?is c>e is n rew>d$ always1 & _m ( ! eggs p]i%4 ,ow+ to ! difficult incubation1 a l>ge p]c5tage ( brood+ birds are left )\t eggs & "y4 ,& ! curi\s ?+ is t ?is loss seems to increase ! desire = (fspr+1 until ! p>5tal in/9ct becomes a torm5t+ passion4 ,?is is :at happ5s4 ,ea* *ildless bird /rives to adopt a *ild f ! m =tunate p>5ts2 & ?is leads to a competition 9 p>5?ood1 :i* ( its k9d is )\t p>allel4 ,n only ! duty ( incubation1 b aft]w>ds c>+ = ! "y *icks1 is c>ri$ out n by "o bird only1 b by a doz5 or m1 :i* /& pati5tly r\nd = a *ance to seize ei!r a *ick5 or an egg4 ,nor is x1 z might be expect$1 ! mo!rs alone :o are seiz$ by ! passion ( ?w>t$ mat]nity2 ! fa!rs help _! *ildless wives 9 _! ef=ts to /eal (fspr+4 ,e bird1 male z well z female1 has develop$ ! 8brood-spot10 & has ! same b>e pat* ( sk9 at ! l[] "p ( ! abdom5 aga9/ :i* ! egg1 :5 possess$1 is press$ = w>m?4 8,:at we actually saw1 aga9 & aga910 /ates ,dr4 ,wilson1 80 ! wild da% made by a doz5 adults1 ea* weigh+ any?+ up to n9ety p\nds1 to take possession ( any *ick5 t happ5$ to f9d itself des]t$ on ! ice4 ,x c be comp>$ to no?+ bett] ?an a football scrimmage1 9 :i* ! fir/ bird to seize ! *ick5 is hu/l$ & worri$ on all sides by ! o!rs :ile x rapidly tries to pu% ! infant betwe5 its legs ) ! help ( its po9t$ beak1 %rugg+ up ! loose sk9 ( ! abdom5 ! :ile to cov] x4''' ,! *icks are fully alive to ! inconv5i5ce ( be+ f\ght = by s _m clumsy nurses1 & ,i h se5 !m n only make ! be/ use ( _! legs 9 avoid+ s mu* att5tion1 b rema9 to />ve & freeze 9 pref]5ce to be+ nurs$4 ,und\bt$ly1 ,i ?9k t ( ! #gg p] c5t4 t die be=e !y %$ _! d[n1 q half are kill$ by k9dness40 ,x is f su* an example z ?is t we may come to realise ! extraord9>y p[] ( p>5t-hung]4 ,consid] ^! p5gu9 mo!rs & fa!rs clam\r+ & fight+ = ! possession ( a *ild4 ,) !m ! p>5tal in/9ct has ga9$ fi]ce /r5g? f be+ ?w>t$4 ,is !re n "h yet ano!r lesson = u to le>n8 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,p>5?ood ,,among ,,! ,,high] ,,animals ,,! ,,fix+ ,,( ,,! ,,p>5tal ,,in/9ct ,,9 ,,! ,,"m ,retrogression 9 fa!rhood--,among mammals no examples ( devot$ fa!rs--,egoi/ic desires increase 9 ! males & int]e/ 9 ! family decreases--,probable reason--,me?od ( bir? & circum/ances ( life ( infant mammals =ce mo!rs to monopolise nutrition & c>e ( "y--,p>5?ood m automatic--,! fa!r pu%$ out ( 8 e>li] position ( s]vice to ! family--,in/ead ( a work+ p>tn] ) ! "m he becomes a memb] ap>t--,8 "* appe>s to *ange--,he becomes ma/]ful1 pugnaci\s & jeal\s--,?is g5]al among mammals--,numb] ( "y among mammals usually r$uc$--,v>i$ =ms ( sexual association practis$ by diff]5t species--,polygamy frequ5t--,! matri>*al family--,! clue we are seek+--,! egoism ( ! males acts = ! advantage ( ! females--,! mat]nal in/9ct fix$ 9 ! mo!rs--,self-sacrifice becomes once & = ev] ! supreme joy & privilege ( ! female--,objections t may be rais$--,resum--,g5]al conclusions to be drawn f pre-human p>5?ood4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,p>5?ood ,,among ,,! ,,high] ,,animals ,,! ,,fix+ ,,( ,,! ,,p>5tal ,,in/9ct ,,9 ,,! ,,"m 8,! univ]se ?robs ) re/less *ange4 ,ev]y?+ t we "k is becom+ r ?an be+40--,p4 ,,*alm]s ,,mit*ell ,"o ( ! difficulties t has met me 9 my /udies ( ! family among ! animals is t1 z we asc5d ! scale ( life1 !re is a moral retrogression 9 fa!rhood--at lea/1 t is h[ x appe>s to me4 ,!re are1 z f> z ,i h f\nd1 no examples among mammals1 ! highe/ & la/ gr\p ( ! animal k+dom1 ( devot$ fa!rs und]tak+ ! sole *>ge ( ! "y1 & few :]e ! fa!r ev5 %>es ) ! "m to any ext5t 9 ! "w connect$ ) ! upbr++ ( ! family4 ,! egoi/ic desires seem to increase 9 ! males1 ) a correspond+ weak5+ ( _! int]e/ 9 ! family & will+ness to p>ticipate 9 its duties4 ,! "y are c>ri$ by ! "m alone1 !y are protect$ *iefly by h]2 ! fa!r takes no "p 9 ! nurs]y c>es1 & r>ely does he help 9 provid+ food = ! *ildr54 ,! family is mat]nal1 ! female--! "m--its c5tre2 ! male is b\nd sexually to ! female1 b ap>t f ?is 8 connection ) ! family is slight2 we f9d him mo/ frequ5tly foll[+ p]sonal int]e/s4 ,9 contra/ ) ! conduct ( ! fa!rs 9 ! families we h s f> exam9$ among ! birds1 reptiles1 fi%es & insects1 ) :om ! fa!r's solicitude & sacrifice = ! "y equals &1 9 "s cases1 rivals t ( ! "m1 ?is complete pat]nal indiff]5ce is really v />tl+4 ,x dem&s our att5tion4 ,:at factors h br\ght ab\t ?is rev]sal1 :i* at fir/ sight appe>s s /range8 ,:y is x t ! p>5tal in/9ct dim9i%es 9 ! fa!r & is n[ fix$ 9 ! "m8 ,x is1 h[ev]1 easy to und]/& ?is *ange if we consid] :at n[ happ5s1 & ! *ang$ conditions "u :i* ! "y are born4 ,! mammals d n lay eggs l bird & reptile mo!rs1 b ea* "m reta9s ! eggs )9 h] body1 & s secures = ! "y w>m? & protection f> m c]ta9ly ?an w\ld be possible 9 ! be/-contriv$ ne/ or home4#dg ,b ?is has l$ to *ang$ habits4 ,no ne/ or brood+-home has to be made1 & ! same prep>ations = ! family1 :i* hi!rto h unit$ 9 "w ! fa!r ) ! "m1 are unnecess>y4 ,aga91 food has n n[ to ! same ext5t to be collect$ & /or$ 9 read9ess = ! future ne$s ( ! *ildr54 ,! embryo1 liv+ )9 ! body ( its "m1 ga9s ! food = its gr[? directly f h] blood4 ,! connection betwe5 "m & *ild n[ is clos]2 h] condition & heal? become ( direct importance = ! welf>e ( ! "y4 ,at ! same "t ! importance ( ! fa!r is %>ply less5$4 ,?is is pla94 ,! e>ly /ages ( "m-c>e1 in/ead ( be+ consci\s & ext]nal acts regulat$ by special circum/ances & (t5 modifi$ to meet diff]5t ne$s1 n[ become "p ( ! unconsci\s functions ( ! body ( ! "m--! *ild is an ext5sion ( h]self4 ,! advantage to ! (fspr+ ( ?is *ange f ext]nal to int]nal protection is great1 9 ! add$ safety !reby ga9$ f fix$ functions ov] ! habits t might be slurr$ ov]1 bungl$ or =gott54 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t !re is a correspond+ loss--t p>5?ood becomes m possibly irresponsible &1 at ! same "t1 individualism becomes /rong]4 ,bir?1 ) n>r[$ opportunity = intellig5t adaptation1 is m ( an unconsid]$ incid5t2 ,i mean t be=e x occurs x dem&s mu* less f ! p>5ts 9 sacrifice & 9 "w4 ,?is is c]ta9ly ! case ) ! fa!r1 ^: "p 9 ga9+ (fspr+ is r$uc$ to a s+le mom5t>y act1 & "o1 moreov]1 t is prompt$ by ! fi]ce/ egoi/ic desire4 ,b ,i ?9k1 too1 !re is a det]ioration1 ?\gh mu* less 9 degree1 9 ! quality ( mo!rhood4 ,! prep>ation made = ! bir? ( h] *ildr5 by ! mammal "m is v slight1 inde$1 9 _m cases ! "m appe>s to be unaw>e ( ! approa*+ ev5t until ! actual bir? beg9s4 ,"h is an acc\nt ( a langur monkey1 ^: fir/ baby 0 born 9 ! ,london ,zoological ,g>d5s1 at :i* ev5t ! "m seem$ to be utt]ly surpris$4 ,! bir? took place at night1 & ! "m1 f ! m>ks 9 ! cage1 mu/ h dragg$ up & d[n ! new1 a/oni%+ object4 ,b by ! morn+ %e _h gr[n accu/om$ to ! baby1 & held x press$ closely to h] brea/1 f "t to "t ?ru/+ ! head outw>ds & eag]ly look+ at x4 ,= sev]al weeks ! baby nev] left h]1 & %e %[$ endless curiosity & pleasure 9 x1 ceaselessly exam9+ x1 turn+ x ov]1 /rok+ x & keep+ x clean ) h] h&s4 ,%e 0 jeal\s ( visitors1 & :5 !y came ne> to ! cage %e w\ld turn r\nd s z to hide ! baby f !m4 ,! fa!r1 9 case ( accid5ts1 _h be5 tak5 away & put 9 ! adjo9+ cage1 :i* 0 %ut (f by a piece ( canvas4 ,he made a hole 9 ?is1 & f "t to "t1 especially :5 ! "m or baby made any noise1 he w\ld raise ! torn flap & peep ?r\gh4#dh ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t among ! mammals x is ! rule = ! "y to be suckl$ by ! "m1 a mode ( fe$+ already =e%ad[$ by _m bird p>5ts & "s insects4 ,b ) !m ! special nurs]y food is prep>$ f _! own food by incessant "w1 und]tak51 z a rule1 by bo? p>5ts4 ,! act ( suckl+1 on ! o!r h&1 occurs )\t consci\s "w1 & is a function 9 :i* ! fa!r has no conc]n :atev]4 ,i h no facts to trace ! /eps :]eby ?is function ( mat]nal fe$+ 0 develop$ & e/abli%$1 b ,i w\ld sugge/ t1 ap>t f ! advantage to ! "y ( a special diet1 ! imm5se lab\r entail$ on ! p>5ts 9 obta9+ food--! =ag+ ov] wide areas & ! c>ry+ ( ! provisions back to ! nurs]y--made x a "q ( economy2 & t ! "m1 z m usually be+ ) ! "y1 0 ! p>5t :o came )\t consci\s ef=t to prep>e = !m 9 h] body ?is e>ly n\ri%m5t4 ,x is pla9 t ! bond betwe5 ! "m & (fspr+ w\ld be greatly /r5g!n$2 !y w\ld be dep5d5t ^u h] alone1 & draw+ life f h] body1 %e w\ld become increas+ly consci\s ( !m dur+ a mu* long] p]iod4 ,! emotional quality ( affection really develops n[4 ,! suckl+ is a cont9uation ( ! organic relation by :i* ! *ild is born ( ! "m's body2 n[ ! *ild exi/s ?r\gh h]1 & becomes1 s to speak1 a habit :i* gr[s up out ( h] own individuality4 ,i lay /ress ^u ?is fact3 ! mat]nal fe$+ is ! beg9n+ ( a new p]iod 9 ! gr[? ( mo!rhood1 & is ! f\ndation ( ! inde/ructible bond betwe5 "m & *ild4 ,we see1 !n1 ! reasons = ! curi\s & sudd5 det]ioration 9 fa!rhood2 ! fa!r has1 z x 71 be5 pu%$ out ( 8 e>li] position ( s]vice4 ,n[ t !re is no nurs]y to be built1 & ! "m is ! sole fe$] ( ! "y dur+ _! p]iod ( greate/ helplessness1 ! fa!r loses 8 int]e/ 9 ! family4 ,our int]e/s & our habits are fix$ by :atev] occupies our att5tion4 ,fre$ f ! fir/ & mo/ important c>e ( ! "y1 ! male is sev]$ f ! family & its duties1 & 8 att5tion1 ?us set free1 turns 9 new directions & c5tres ^u himself4 ,9 ?is connection we h1 ,i w\ld sugge/1 an explanation ( ! great] v>iability ( ! male z well z ( 8 m viol5t passions4 ,in/ead ( a work+ p>tn] ) ! "m1 %>+ 9 h] sacrifice = ! welf>e ( ! family1 he is a memb] ap>t2 he gr[s l>g] ?an ! female1 becomes ma/]ful1 pugnaci\s1 jeal\s ( h] & ( ! "y3 a fight+1 egoi/ic specialisation4 ,he is /ill atta*$ to ! female1 b he seeks h] to satisfy 8 sexual ne$s1 he less frequ5tly rema9s ) h] z a dome/ic p>tn]1 reliev+ h] 9 connection ) ! re>+ ( ! "y4#di ,?is is ! g5]al condition among ! mammals4 ,x is ! rule t ! "y are t5d$ by ! "m dur+ ! p]iod ( _! y\?4 ,at bir? !y are usually helpless1 & (t5 are born be=e ! eyelids h op5$ & :ile ! body is yet nak$1 or b scantily clo!d4 ,b !re are degrees ( helplessness1 det]m9$1 x w\ld seem1 by ! conditions ( ! environm5t & habits ( ! p>5ts4 ,! mat]nal c>e is great] or less 9 accordance ) ! ne$s ( ! "y4 ,! p]iod ( y\? is mu* long]1 & increases z we asc5d 9 ! scale ( life4 ,! great apes1 = in/ance--! gorilla1 ! orang & ! *impanzee--take f eight to twelve ye>s to gr[ up1 :ile baboons & common monkeys take f ?ree to eight ye>s1 & ! little ,s\? ,am]ican monkeys & lemurs two to ?ree ye>s4#ej ,9 connection ) ?is long] *ildhood we f9d an increas$ m5tal gr[?2 ! ye>s ( y\? are ! "t 9 :i* ! bra9 cells increase 9 size & co-ord9ate ) ! re/ ( ! body4 ,& ! long] ! p]iod ( y\? ! m p]fect is ! bra94 ,?us ! helplessness ( ! "y /&s 9 direct relation to ! increas$ vitality %[n by ! adults4 ,x is also ! /ronge/ factor 9 develop+ & fix+ ! mat]nal in/9cts4 ,! "y d n leave _! "m until !y are well ready to />t life on _! own acc\nt2 !n !y are ?r[n into ! _w4 ,till !n !y are c>$ =4 ,fre$ ( any duty ( f9d+ food1 & v seldom hav+ to def5d !mselves1 !y h "t to exp]im5t & le>n f exp]i5ce4 ,! in/9cts 9 ?is way become educat$1 _! rigidity is de/roy$1 & m & m !y are controll$ by memory & exp]i5ce--! /or$-up results ( exp]im5t4 ,! purpose ( y\? is to give "t = ?is4 ,! numb] ( ! "y is n[ v greatly r$uc$1 & ! small families are protect$ by ! mo!rs1 9 "s cases assi/$ by ! fa!rs4 ,! ma9t5ance ( ! species by ! production ( enorm\s families has ceas$4 ,"s ( ! small rod5ts1 x is true1 bre$ sev]al times 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>1 & !re are o!r fecund mammals1 su* z pigs1 :i* give bir? to _m "y 9 "o litt]4 ,b ^! are r>e exceptions4 ,! usual numb] ( "y is two or ?ree at a bir?1 & ! high] 9 ! scale ( mammalian life ! small] is ! family4#ea ,!re is a fact t mu/ be not$ "h4 ,a curi\s p]v]t$ in/9ct is n uncommon among mammal mo!rs1 ?\gh r>e ) ! monkeys4 ,9 ! fir/ day or two aft] bir? a "m w kill & eat h] "y4 ,i _h a bit* :o once did ?is3 ! fir/ "t %e _h a family %e ate all h] puppies 9 ! fir/ night2 aft]w>ds 7,i mean :5 = a second "t %e _h puppies7 %e 0 a good & fond "m4 ,i ?9k ?is habit ( mat]nal infanticide mu/ be connect$ ) t *ange1 ( :i* ,i h spok51 :]eby ! e>ly /ages ( brood-c>e are c>ri$ on )\t ! direct consci\sness ( ! "m4 ,! *ildr5 d n ent] into h] exp]i5ce because %e has n _h to "w = !m4 ,%e eats !m z %e w\ld eat any o!r helpless ?+4 ,9 a c>nivor\s "m especially ?is habit is n surpris+2 x happ5s almo/ always ) "y & inexp]i5c$ mo!rs4 ,& ,i ?9k x %[s t mat]nal c>e is n s in/9ctive z we are l$ to believe1 b is ! result (1 & directly dep5d5t ^u habit & ! att5tion be+ fix$ on ! family4 ,9 all ! c>nivores ! "y are born helpless1 usually bl9d1 ?\gh new-born lions c see2 !y rema9 ) _! "m = a p]iod v>y+ f a few weeks ) ! small] creatures to ev5 m ?an a ye>4 ,sometimes ! fa!r /ays loosely atta*$ to ! family4 ,! l>ge pr$ace\s creatures cov] great di/ances 9 se>* ( prey4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a /ation>y home lair 9 a well-conceal$ place1 to :i* ! "m always returns ) food4 ,%e takes scrupul\s c>e to keep ! nurs]y clean1 & %e c>efully looks to ! ne$s ( h] "y family1 lick+ !m ) h] tongue1 until !y are old en\gh to p]=m _! own toilet or lick & clean ea* o!r4 ,be=e !y are wean$ !y are all[$ to scrape (f fragm5ts ( fle% f ! "m's food1 s t !y may become accu/om$ to _! future food4 ,at ! same "t !y are taught ! elem5ts ( /alk+1 9 play-lessons ) ! "m's tail & paws4 ,lat] !y are tak5 out by ! "m1 sometimes by bo? p>5ts1 on =ag+ exp$itions4 ,family p>ties ( lions1 = in/ance1 (t5 h be5 se5 by ,african hunt]s4 ,! fa!rs d little = ! "y families4 ,sometimes !y af=d protection 9 fight+ & driv+ (f enemies2 x is important1 h[ev]1 to note t ?is s]vice to ! family seems to be prompt$ by jeal\sy & aggression1 & mu/ be consid]$ z an expression ( ! egoi/ic in/9cts r ?an connect$ ) p>5tal solicitude4 ,among ! mammals polygamy is frequ5t1 & !re are cases ( ! mo/ brutal promiscuity1 :]e ! males & females unite & sep>ate at *ance meet+s1 )\t any c>e = ! family aris+ 9 ! m9d ( ! male4 ,polygam\s unions are especially common among species ) sociable habits :o live 9 hordes4 ,sociability probably arises ?r\gh individual weakness4 ,animals t are badly arm$ = fi]ce combats1 & t h1 besides1 difficulty 9 obta9+ food are glad to live 9 association4 ,?us ! rum9ants live 9 hordes or polygam\s gr\ps1 compos$ ( females & "y subject to a male :o protects !m1 expell+ 8 rivals1 & be+ a v]itable *ief ( a b&4#eb ,! conditions ( ! nurs]y & e>ly life ( ! "y are *ang$ necess>ily by ^! diff]5t habits4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! rum9ants are w&]]s1 & travel long di/ances 9 se>* ( food & wat]4 ,?us !re is no p]man5t home & no nurs]y1 & ! mo!rs make no prep>ation be=eh& = ! "y4 ,!y retire = a few m9utes to a ?icket1 :]e !y drop ! calves or lambs4 ,families are small1 & "o is ! usual numb] at a bir?4 ,! "y are n born helpless1 z is ! case among ! "y c>nivores :]e !re is a settl$ nurs]y1 b are clo!d1 h _! eyes op51 & _! s5ses are v al]t4 ,9 a v %ort "t1 almo/ z soon z _! "m has lick$ !m clean1 !y are ready to foll[ h]2 & !y jo9 ! h]d1 if ! animals are greg>i\s4 ,! mo!rs %[ m>k$ affection to ! "y1 b x w\ld seem to be ! bus9ess ( ! "y "o r to foll[ & /ick to ! "m ?an = ! "m1 z among/ ! c>nivores1 to take ! lead 9 ! affections4 ,!re is no real tra9+ ( ! "y by ! "m4 ,sometimes1 if !re is a h]d1 ! males w comb9e to def5d ! gr\p ( ! females & _! "y2 b m frequ5tly !re is a family p>ty1 consi/+ ( "o or possibly two males1 ) _! sev]al wives & *ildr54#ec ,_m diff]5t animals live 9 ?is mann] 9 familial gr\ps4 ,! m\fflons ( ,europe & ( ! ,atlas1 = in/ance1 =m polygam\s social gr\ps 9 ! bre$+ season4#ed ,among ! walrus1 ! male1 :o is ( a v jeal\s temp]am5t1 collects ar\nd him f ?irty to =ty females1 mak+ altoge!r a polygam\s family sometimes am\nt+ to a hundr$ & tw5ty individuals4#ee ,aga91 ! male ( ! ,asiatic antelope is inord9ately polygam\s2 he expels all 8 rivals1 & =ms a h>em numb]+ sometimes a hundr$ females4 ,x %\ld be not$ t polygamic rgime does n appe> to less5 ! affectionate s5tim5t 9 ! females t[>ds _! tyrant "l4 ,!re are _m examples ( ! mo/ oppress$ females be+ fai?ful wives4 ,& s mu* is ?is s t ! conclusion is almo/ =c$ ^u u t ! female animal likes s]vitude4#ef ,!re is a wide range 9 ! =m ( sexual association practis$ by diff]5t species4 ,! c>nivor\s animals1 z a rule1 live 9 c\ples2 ?is is done1 = example1 by be>s1 weasels & :ales4 ,b ?is is n an absolute rule1 = ! ,s\? ,african lion is a polygami/1 & is usually accompani$ by f\r or five females4#eg ,sometimes species t are v ne>ly alli$ h diff]5t conjugal cu/oms2 ?us ! :ite-*eek$ pecc>y lives 9 social gr\ps1 :ile ! :ite-r+$ pecc>y lives 9 c\ples4#eh ,p]man5t unions are =m$1 especially among ! an?ropoid apes4 ,?us /rictly monogam\s m>riages are frequ5t among gorillas & orang-utans1 & any approa* to loose behavi\r on ! "p ( ! wife is sev]ely puni%$ by ! husb&4#ei ,! ou&]oo 7,macaque sil5us7 ( ,india has only "o female1 & is fai?ful to h] till dea?4#fj ,b polygamy is frequ5t4 ,savage tells u t ! ,gorilla guia1 = in/ance1 =ms small hordes1 consi/+ ( a s+le adult male1 :o is ! despotic ma/] ( _m females & a c]ta9 numb] ( ! "y4 ,we f9d bo? ! matri*ate & ! patri*ate family2 b :atev] ! =m ( sexual relation%ip practis$1 ! fa!r has always mu* less affection = ! "y ?an ! "m4 ,among ! mammals ?is is univ]sal4 ,! females among ! mammals be+ small] & less p[]ful ?an ! males1 no sexual association comp>able to poly&ry is possible4 ,yet 9 ju/ice x mu/ be not$ t ! desire = sexual v>iety is n always conf9$ to ! males4 ,a female w sometimes take advantage ( ! mom5t :5 ! att5tion ( h] "l & ma/] is entirely absorb$ by ! anxiety ( a fight to run (f ) a "y male4 ,ev5 among species not$ = _! conjugal fidelity ?is w happ54 ,! male animal has no monopoly 9 sexual s9s4#fa ,! polygam\s families ( monkeys are always subject to patri>*al rule4 ,! fa!r is ! tyrant ( ! b&--an egoi/1 :o sp5ds 8 "t 9 fight+ & 9 love adv5tures4 ,any protection he gives to 8 wives is 9 8 own int]e/ & to keep !m b\nd to himself4 ,he nei!r makes ! home nor fe$s ! "y4 ,(t5 he is a di/urb] ( ! family peace4 ,he w1 on occasion1 %[ jeal\sy ( 8 own sons1 :om he expels f ! b& z soon z !y are old en\gh to give him tr\ble2 8 daught]s1 9 "s cases1 he adds to 8 h>em4 ,ev5 9 monogam\s species1 :]e ! male keeps ) ! female1 he does s m z *ief ?an z fa!r4 ,he takes little int]e/ 9 ! nurs]y4 ,at times he is mu* incl9$ to commit infanticide & to de/roy ! (fspr+ :i*1 by absorb+ ! att5tion ( 8 p>tn]1 ?w>t 8 am\rs4 ,?us among ! l>ge fel9es ! "m (t5 is oblig$ to hide h] "y ones f ! male :5 he /ays ) h]1 9 ord] to prev5t 8 dev\r+ !m4#fb ,aga91 among ! ev5-to$ ungulates 7pigs1 pecc>ies & hippopotami7 we f9d m>k$ mat]nal affection & c>e4 ,little pigs are feeble at bir?1 & are s$ul\sly gu>d$ by _! "m4 ,a hippopotamus baby 7! family usually consi/s ( "o only7 /ays ) its "m = a long "t1 probably sev]al ye>s1 & :5 ! "m goes to & fro to ! wat] to fe$1 ! little "o rides on h] back4 ,! fa!rs take no notice at all ( ! "y4 ,! odd-to$ ungulates 7horses1 asses & zebras1 & ! tapirs & rh9oc]oses7 live 9 h]ds4 ,! "y are active soon aft] bir? & able to foll[ _! mo!rs1 :o h great affection = !m4 ,! males w protect ! females & "y :5 ! h]d is attack$ if a fight is unavoidable1 b !y pref] to seek safety 9 flight4 ,! fa!rs d n appe> to h any affection = ! "y4#fc ,among ! num]\s classes ( rod5ts1 :]e ! "y are born nak$1 bl9d & helpless1 ! :ole duty ( _! upbr++ is und]tak5 by ! "m4 8,i d n "k ( any in/ance10 /ates ,mr4 ,p4 ,*alm]s ,mit*ell1 89 :i* ! male takes c>e ( ! "y2 g5]ally !y ei!r neglect !m altoge!r1 or attack !m & p]secute !m40 ,f su* pictures z ^! ! position ( ! fa!r 9 ! family w readily be se54 ,no long] b\nd by dome/ic ties to ! "y1 he kn[s no duty to ! family except ! rule ( jeal\s own]%ip4 ,h[ complete is ! *ange 9 ! family organisation4 ,h[ %>p is ! contra/ betwe5 ^! indiff]5t males1 jeal\s & fight+1 & ! devot$ fa!rs among ! birds1 fi%es1 reptiles & insects1 unit+ ) ! mo!rs z work+ p>tn]s 9 ! home-mak+1 food-provid+1 & all ! c>e ( ! "y4 ,! fa!r is n[ alone--sep>at$ f ! family1 b&$ ) o!r males4 ,& d y n see h[ ?is *ange1 & ! indiff]5ce ( ! males to any int]e/s b _! own1 h =c$ ! mo!rs into clos] union ) ! family8 ,! male /r5g?1 ! gorge\s display ( sex-*>ms1 ! fi]ce fight+ = prey & = love1 are n[ m>k$ly develop$4 ,b ?is polygam\s jeal\sy & egoism acts really = ! advantage ( ! females4 ,x is ! egoi/ic male conduct t =ces altruism ^u !m4 ,i atta* great importance to ?is4 ,i ma9ta9 t ! =c+ out ( ! fa!r f 8 s]vice & e>li] important position ( a work] 9 ! circle ( ! family s]v$ z a means to ! end ( deep5+ & fix+ ! mat]nal in/9ct 9 ! mo!rs4 ,:at 0 lo/ = fa!rhood 0 ga9$ = mo!rhood4 ,self-sacrifice became once & = ev] ! supreme joy & privilege ( ! female4 ,we h f\nd ! clue we 7 seek+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fur!r ?an ?is ,i mu/ n g4 ,! fir/ "p ( my inquiry has come to an end4 ,!re is little m t ,i ne$ to say4 ,x may seem to ! read] t ! animal family1 9 a book writt5 to e/abli% ! duties & rights ( human mo!rhood1 has receiv$ too mu* att5tion4 ,to ^? :o hold ?is view ,i c say only t ,i d n agree ) !m4 ,9 =e?\ght & sacrifice = ! well-be+ ( ! "y--! devotion ( ! fa!r z well z ( ! "m--^! pre-human p>5ts d n yield prec$5ce to _m human families4 ,!y des]ve our att5tive /udy4 ,b ,i h no hope1 nor mu* desire1 to conv9ce ^? ( an opposite op9ion1 :o hold t we are s mu* high] & diff]5t f ! animals t we c le>n no?+ f !m4 ,to all su* ,i w\ld recomm5d aga9 t !y leave ?is section ( my book unread4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r objection t may be rais$4 ,x may be ?\ght t too mu* /ress has be5 laid on ! fa!r & 8 connection ) ! family1 t my *oice ( illu/rations has be5 bias$1 & cases tak5 9 :i* ! fa!r's devotion is unusually prom95t4 ,?is ,i h done4 ,& ,i h done x ( fix$ purpose4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i desir$ to prove ! error 9 ! common op9ion t ! p>5tal in/9ct has at all times be5 ! end[m5t ( ! female1 /rong] 9 h] ?an 9 ! male4 ,i want$ x to be kn[n t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! family ! fa!r 0 z true a p>5t z ! "m1 8 devotion sometimes be+ great] ?an h]s4 ,!n1 secondly1 ,i hop$1 by means ( ! insight t ! _m & great *anges 9 ! pa/ conditions ( ! family af=d u1 to e/abli% ! close connection :i* does at all times exi/ betwe5 p>5tal devotion & ! duties p]=m$ 9 fe$+ & c>+ = ! "y4 ,! p>5t :o sacrifices mo/ is ! p>5t :o loves mo/4 ,"s ( ! sugge/ions ,i h made may be m or less op5 to "q1 b n a few1 ,i ?9k1 are true 9 ! light ( ! facts t _c be que/ion$4 ,i am fully aw>e ( ! omissions & inadequacy ( my summ>y2 probably ,i h made mi/akes4 ,i ?9k ?is c\ld n h be5 prev5t$4 ,mu* gr\nd _h to be cov]$4 ,! illu/rations ,i h be5 able to give ( ea* /age 9 ! hi/ory ( p>5?ood are few1 comp>$ ) ! ri* numb] t might be /udi$4 ,i h made no attempt at complet5ess1 nor h ,i tri$ to set up any exact ord] ( behavi\r4 ,life is too full ( surprises = su* arbitr>y !ories4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 tri$ to make cle> c]ta9 ideas t h =c$ !mselves v /rongly ^u my att5tion dur+ my own /udies4 ,we h se5 ! mat]nal in/9ct 9 ! mak+1 & we h come to und]/& ! /rong =ce ( ?is impulse1 :i* f9ds its expression 9 s _m div]se ways4 ,!re is mu* t we _c und]/&4 ,b ?is is l>gely because we "k s little4 ,we h1 ,i hope1 ga9$ a cle>] view2 we h le>nt _m ?+s t may ca/ =w>d sugge/ions = ! solv+ ( our own sexual1 dome/ic & social relation%ips4 ,! facts :i* ,i h record$ are1 ,i tru/1 suffici5t = ?is purpose3 ,i hold t ! foll[+ g5]al conclusions may be drawn f !m-- ,reg>d+ ! c>e ( ! "y z ! mov+ =ce 9 develop+ ! intellig5ce ( ! p>5ts1 ,i h accept$ ! tru?1 :i* x is ! *ief purpose ( my book to make pla91 t ! individual exi/s = ! race4 ,o!r p]sonal ?+s may be important1 !y may be pr(\ndly important1 b !y are n prim>y--n "o ) ! =ces t d n *ange4 ,! individual is prim>ily ! ho/ & s]vant ( ! se$ ( life4 ,bir? is ! ess5tial fact und]ly+ all exp]i5ce4 ,f ?is s]vice to ! future arises ! family & ! home4 ,& ) ! appe>ance ( ! family1 new habits are necess>ily =m$1 & ^! act 9 develop+ ! high] sides ( m5tal & emotional life4 ,co-op]ation1 fri5d%ip & love :i* is n sexual attraction f9d _! fir/ beg9n+s 9 ! limit+ by ! p>5ts ( _! desire to look aft] !mselves1 to satisfy _! own appetites & provide = _! own ne$s4 ,! m]e tol]ation ( ! "y is ! />t 9 a new life4 ,!re foll[s a mutual jo9+ 9 "w ) ! necessity & opportunity ( modify+ in/9ct by practice4 ,9 ?is way a direct pu% =w>d is giv5 = ! developm5t ( intellig5t conduct4 ,an imm5se advance1 !n1 is ga9$ f ! association ( ! "y ) ! old 9 ! family tie4 ,9 ! cases we h exam9$1 we h se5 t ! same end is n ga9$ always 9 ! same way4 ,nature has no fix$ rule = ! family4 ,! contra/s & p>adoxes ( animal family life are num]\s4 ,we h wat*$ ! developm5t ( ! p>5tal intellig5ce 9 _m family gr\ps2 we h se5 t !re is no fix$ ord] 9 ! relations :i* exi/ betwe5 p>5ts & (fspr+4 ,all arrangem5ts are good on ! "o condition t !y succe$ 9 s]v+ ! family & pres]v+ its life4 ,to produce l>ge families1 mak+ little provision = !m1 is a wa/eful & improvid5t way ( ma9ta9+ life4 ,?is sp5d?rift fa%ion ( reproduction 0 ! e>ly me?od4 ,to limit ! numb] ( ! family & to *]i% & protect ! "y1 n ?r[+ !m ^u ! _w until !y are well fitt$ to make a brave fight aga9/ its dang]s1 is ! lat]1 wis] & saf] way4 ,we h not$ devices ( ?is k9d 9 ea* gr\p ( ! animal k+dom1 b p>5tal c>e becomes m & m complete z ! scale ( life is asc5d$4 ,n only are ! numb]s 9 ! family r$uc$1 b ! p]iod ( y\? becomes long]4 ,! protect$ "y are p]mitt$ a long] "t 9 :i* !y h ! opportunity ( le>n+ to live4 ,! importance ( ! =m ( union or m>riage betwe5 ! p>5ts & ( ! k9d ( home mu/ be consid]$4 ,we h f\nd t polygam\s fa!rs & poly&r\s mo!rs c>e little = ! "y4 ,! )drawal ( ! int]e/ & c>e ( ei!r p>5t is a s\rce ( weakness :i* c be comp5sat$ only by an add$ devotion on ! "p ( ! rema9+ p>5t4 ,we h not$ ! )drawal ( ! fa!r f active "w = ! family4 ,?is came ) ! great] importance ( ! "m1 :i* itself 0 n ! result ( any consci\s act4 ,x 0 a necess>y /ep1 foll[+ ! *ange f ext]nal to int]nal protection1 :]eby ! "y are reta9$ )9 ! body ( ! "m4 ,animal p>5ts d n tea* u t mo!rs are always m devot$ & self-sacrific+ ?an fa!rs4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 ! contr>y w\ld appe> to be true4 ,ev5 ! "m's in/9ct to protect & s]ve ! "y1 :i* seems to increase z we asc5d ! scale t[>ds human p>5tage1 mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be reg>d$ z an ext5d$ egoism4 ,=m$ 9 h] body & f$ f h] su/5ance1 ! "y are a "p ( h] individuality1 & h] solicitude = !m is b a wid] c>+ = h]self4 ,!re are _m surprises 9 animal p>5?ood4 ,! conduct ( ! p>5ts may v>y )9 v wide limits1 & all k9ds ( devices are employ$ by diff]5t p>5ts to ensure ! well-be+ ( ! family4 ,solicitude & sacrifice = ! "y are common1 b indiff]5ce also occurs2 & !re are unnatural p>5ts ( bo? sexes :o %irk family duties4 ,we h f\nd1 inde$1 ! sugge/ion ( all ! virtues ( human p>5ts z well z _m ( _! s9s1 e =m ( devotion & intellig5t p>5?ood z well z examples ( folly & neglect4 ,we h obs]v$ ! greate/ diff]5ce 9 p>ticul> 9 ! conduct ( ! fa!r z reg>ds 8 p>ticipation 9 ! "w ( build+ ! home & 9 fe$+ & re>+ ! "y4 ,!reby we h le>nt t a psy*ic metamorphosis ( ! male may occur1 caus+ him to fulfil ! duties ( ! "m1 & t accompany+ ?is is an alt]ation 9 ! "* ( ! female :i* completely trans=ms h] sexual nature4 ,an attempt 0 made to solve ?is riddle ( sex4 ,x seems probable t *anges 9 function1 by :i* is meant *anges 9 ! =m ( union & conditions ( ! family--z :5 "o sex1 = "s reason or o!r1 p]=ms ! duties usually und]tak5 by ! o!r sex--may pr(\ndly alt] ! sexual nature ( ! individual & modify ! diff]5ces :i* t5d to ?ru/ ! sexes ap>t4 ,we _c "k ) any c]ta9ty4 ,yet ,i c see no o!r int]pretation ( ^! curi\s in/ances ( sexual trans=mation1 &1 if ,i mi/ake n1 x may be possible 9 ?is way to ca/ a light on "o ( ! mo/ difficult problems ) :i* we are fac$ to-day4 ,i h ass]t$ aga9 & aga9 t ! /r5g? ( ! p>5tal in/9ct is dep5d5t directly on ! opportunities = its expression2 :i* is to say t ! p>5t :o t5ds & fe$s ! "y is ! p>5t :o loves ! "y4 ,we may g fur!r ?an ?is4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z in/9ctive mo!rhood4 ,! emotional quality ( affection comes lat] ?an ! bir? ( (fspr+1 & is n dep5d5t on any in/9ctive feel+ 9 ! "m4 ,x is ! consequ5ce & n ! cause ( p>5tal c>e4 ,s true x is t sacrifice & =getfulness ( self is ! basis ( affection4 ,! mo/ important result t we h ga9$ f our inquiry is a k ( ! close connection :i* exi/s betwe5 ! c>e ( ! "y & ! "* & conduct ( ! p>5ts4 ,y w see :at ?is implies4 ,! ess5tial fact = ! male & ! female--= ! "m & also = ! fa!r--is a developm5t ( responsibility 9 fulfill+ duties to ! family4 ,nei!r sex c keep a position ap>t f p>5?ood4 ,j 9 s f> z ! "m & ! fa!r atta9 to consci\sness & intellig5t sacrifice 9 _! relation to _! (fspr+ d !y atta9 individual intellig5ce1 developm5t & joy4 ,to me1 at lea/1 ?is is ! tru? t /&s out z ! lesson to be le>nt f ^! pre-human p>5ts4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,primitive ,,family 8,r\nd ! fundam5tal facts ( p>5?ood & ! dep5d5ce ( ! bre$+ "m woman has built up ! tissue ( cu/oms & conv5tions call$ #8home1' :i* exp&$ 9 ev] wid5+ circles became society40--,e4 ,,colquh\n4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,"m ,,9 ,,! ,,primitive ,,family ,! importance ( ! cu/oms ( primitive peoples--,su* k necess>y to an und]/&+ ( our pres5t family sy/em & =m ( m>riage--,my e>li] book1 ,! ,age ( ,"m-,p[]--,?is "w a necess>y "p ( my pres5t inquiry--,re-/atem5t ( my own views--,an attempt to gr\p ! matt] to be consid]$--,! e>ly p]iod 9 :i* man develop$ f 8 ape-l ance/ors--,p>5?ood m fix$1 few] exp]im5ts--,! probable conditions ( ! primordial human family--,cu/oms ( brute male-own]%ip--,?is ! pre-matri>*al /age ( ! family--,progress--,! second /age--,! gr[? ( ! communal clan--,! increas+ influ5ce ( ! wom5--,reasons :y ?is view may be accept$--,"m-desc5t & "m-rights--,! importance ( ?is e>ly matri>*ate--,! mat]nal =m ( m>riage--,visit+ husb&s--,communal dwell+ h\ses--,contra/ betwe5 ! cu/oms ( ! patri>*al individual family & ! mat]nal communal clan--,! p[] ( ! wife & ! "m--,! ali5 position ( ! husb& & fa!r--,! ass]tion ( ! male =ce 9 ! p]son ( ! woman's bro!r--,! communal clan a transitional /age--,! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! individual patri>*al family--,! fix+ ( pat]nity & ! rise ( ! fa!r's p[]--,lessons to be le>nt f ?is pa/ hi/ory ( ! family4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,"m ,,9 ,,! ,,primitive ,,family 7,a *apt] :i* may be omitt$ by ! read] :o has no int]e/ 9 ! cu/oms ( primitive peoples47 8,! clan exi/s on acc\nt ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ! family seeks = ! enjoym5t ( t :i* !y h obta9$40--,,/>cke4 ,& n[ hav+ f9i%$ my prelim9>y /udy ( ! mat]nal in/9ct 9 ! mak+1 hav+ giv5 examples ( its v>i$ manife/ations 9 ! animal k+dom1 & made cle> c]ta9 g5]al ideas on p>5?ood & ! family1 ,i may hope to g on to consid] human mo!rs & fa!rs ) a sur] k & less misund]/&+4 ,! fitt+ me?od ( inquiry1 & ! "o ,i %\ld l to employ w\ld be to beg9 ) ! l[e/ =ms ( ! human family4 ,i myself am always greatly attract$ by ! cu/oms ( primitive peoples1 = ,i 0 born among/ !m4 ,i hold t "s k ( ! family & ! dome/ic & social conditions /ill to be f\nd among uncivilis$ races1 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 is ess5tial to a complete und]/&+ ( our own social & sexual problems4 ,9 an e>li] "w1 ,! ,age ( ,"m-,p[]1#fd ,i h giv5 my views on ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! family4 ,i h attempt$ to e/abli% ! exi/5ce ( a ,"m-age civilisation1 ! s-call$ ,matri>*ate1 describ$ 9 detail ! privileg$ position ( ! "m1 & not$1 ) _m examples1 ! family conditions1 sex-cu/oms & =ms ( m>riage among primitive peoples4 ,t book %\ld =m ! hi/orical section ( ?is pres5t "w4 ,x is1 inde$1 a necess>y "p ( my inquiry4 ,i am conv9c$ t ! only way to e/imate ! value ( our pres5t family sy/em is to exam9e ! hi/ory ( t sy/em 9 ! pa/4 ,we f9d sugge/ions ( primitive cu/oms 9 _m directions2 !y are %ad[$ 9 c]ta9 ( our m>riage rites & direct _m ( our sex habits2 !y h left unmi/akable traces on our lit]ature1 9 our language & 9 our laws2 inde$ we may f9d _! influ5ce almo/ ev]y:]e1 if we "k :at to look = & h[ to int]pret ! signs4 ,! close connection :i* l9ks ! pres5t ) ! pa/ _c easily be neglect$4 ,we (t5 say3 ,?is or t cu/om belongs to ! pres5t era3 yet n9e times out ( t5 ! ?+ we believe to be new is 9 reality z old z ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,(t5 :at we ?9k is a /ep =w>d is n s at all2 we are go+ back to a cu/om & practices long disc>d$4 ,we are less inv5tive & m b\nd ?an we "k4 ,no p]iod /&s alone1 & ! pres5t 9 e age is m]ely ! %ift+ gr\nd at :i* ! pa/ & ! future meet4 ,i w\ld !re=e ask all ^? among my read]s :o c>e to foll[ 9 detail ! hi/ory ( ! family ?r\gh ! long1 e>ly1 upw>d /ages ( its gr[?1 at ?is po9t to leave ?is "w 9 ord] to read ,! ,age ( ,"m-,p[]1 !re9 to le>n :at ,i hold to h be5 ! family conditions 9 ! p]iod kn[n z ! ,"m-age4 ,b z su* a c\rse may be impossible1 or be dislik$1 by ! read]1 ,i w n[ = our pres5t guidance re-/ate v briefly ! ma9 conclusions arriv$ at by t inve/igation4 ,& fir/ x %\ld be not$ t ! hi/ory ( human p>5?ood f its e>lie/ kn[n appe>ance %[s an ord]ly progress f ! />t to ! end4 ,!re is no difficulty ev5 9 fix+ ! beg9n+4 ,man1 ! gorilla1 ! orang & ! *impanzee _h a common ance/or1 & = ?is reason ! p>5tal /ages ( ! great apes & ( man h an almo/ />tl+ resemblance4 ,pr(essor ,met*nik(f 0 s impress$ by ?is lik5ess t he has sugge/$ t ! human race may h tak5 its orig9 f ! precoci\s bir? ( an ape4 ,we ?us f9d no gap t has to be fill$3 we take up our inquiry ( ! family at ! exact place at :i* we left x4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 *anges to fit ! p>5ts & ! "y = _! new /age ( life2 m & m in/9cts are modifi$ by exp]im5t & exp]i5ce4 ,intellig5ce gr[s4 ,new habits af=d possibilities ( advance1 & sugge/ ! directions 9 :i* ! family may move4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 f> few] exp]im5ts1 less %>p diff]5ces 9 ! conduct ( ! diff]5t p>5ts2 ! family %[s less flexibility1 & ! mat]nal in/9cts settle d[n1 z x 71 to an av]age "*1 ) av]age limitations & an av]age expression4 ,our mo/ primitive ance/ors1 half-m51 half-brutes1 liv$ 9 small1 solit>y1 & ho/ile family gr\ps1 compos$ ( an adult male1 8 wife1 or1 if he 7 p[]ful1 sev]al wives & _! *ildr54 ,9 su* a gr\p ! fa!r is ! *ief or patri>* z long z he lives1 & ! family is held toge!r by _! common subjection to him4 ,8 int]e/ 9 ! family is conf9$ to fight+ to drive (f rivals1 &1 = ?is reason1 he drives 8 sons f ! home z soon z !y are old en\gh to be dang]\s to 8 int]e/s3 8 daught]s he adds to 8 wives1 unless !y are caught & c>ri$ (f by "s o!r male4 ,x 0 d\btless ?us1 9 a family organisation simil> to t ( ! great monkeys1 t man fir/ liv$4 ,"h 0 ! mo/ primitive =m ( jeal\s gov]nm5t ( ! family by ! male4 ,su* conduct1 prompt$ by ! egoi/ic desires ( sex1 m>k ! cont9uation ( ! degradation 9 fa!rhood1 :i* we not$ z occurr+ among ! mammals z soon z ! fa!r 0 fre$ f ! duties ( provid+ a home & ! fir/ fe$+ & t5d+ ( ! "y4 ,9 ! primitive families ! idea ( desc5t is feeble s t ! gr\ps are small & readily disrupt$4 ,b ?\gh orig9ally )\t explicit consci\sness ( relation%ips1 ! memb]s w\ld be held toge!r by a feel+ ( k94 ,su* feel+ w\ld become consci\s fir/ betwe5 ! mo!rs & _! *ildr51 & 9 ?is way "m-k9 mu/ h be5 realis$ at a v e>ly p]iod4 ,! fa!r's relation%ip1 on ! o!r h&1 w\ld n be =c$ into consci\s recognition4 ,he w\ld be a memb] ap>t f ?is natural k9%ip4 ,su* 7 ! probable conditions 9 ! primordial human family4 ,! important ?+ to note is t 9 ea* family gr\p !re w\ld be only "o adult polygam\s male1 ) sev]al wom5 ( diff]5t ages1 & ! *ildr5 ( bo? sexes1 all 9 m or less complete subjection to 8 rule4#fe ,^! cu/oms ( brute-male-own]%ip are /ill 9 great measure pres]v$ among ! lea/-develop$ races4 ,?is may be call$ ! pre-matri>*al /age ( ! family1 & its exi/5ce expla9s h[ !re are _m rude peoples t exhibit no trace at all ( "m-desc5t4 ,9 ! l[e/ nomad b&s ( savages ( ! des]ts & =e/s we /ill f9d ^! r\gh pat]nal gr\ps1 :o "k no social bonds1 b are rul$ alone by brute /r5g? & jeal\s own]%ip4 ,) !m developm5t has be5 v sl[2 !y h n yet advanc$ to ! social organisation ( ! mat]nal family clan4 ,f ^! fir/ solit>y families1 gr\p$ submissively ar\nd "o tyrant-rul]1 we rea* a second /age1 out ( :i* ord] & organisation sprang4 ,9 ?is second /age ! family exp&$ into ! l>g] gr\p ( ! communal clan4 ,! *ange _h to come4 ,) ! fi]ce /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ! solit>y family-gr\p became impossible1 association 0 ! only way to prev5t ext]m9ation4 ,h[ did ! *ange come8 ,n[1 x is "p ( my conviction t ! e>lie/ movem5ts t[>ds peace & expansion ( ! family came ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( wom54 ,i mu/ /ate briefly my reasons = ?is view4 ,9 ! fir/ place x c]ta9ly w\ld be 9 ! wom5's int]e/s to consolidate ! home & ! family1 &1 by means ( union1 to e/abli% _! own p[]4 ,:at we desire & fix our att5tion ^u1 z a rule1 is :at we d4 ,9 ! e>ly gr\ps ! mo!rs ) _! adult daught]s & ! "y ( bo? sexes w\ld live on t]ms ( association z fri5dly he>?mates4 ,su* is ! m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! position ( ! two sexes--! solit>y jeal\s unsocial male & ! unit$ wom54 ,! /ronge/ factor 9 ?is association w\ld arise f ! dep5d5ce ( ! *ildr5 ^u _! mo!rs1 a dep5d5ce t 0 ( mu* long] duration ?an among ! animals on acc\nt ( ! pre-em95t helplessness ( ! human *ild1 :i* entail$ a m prolong$ infancy4 ,! wom5 & ! *ildr5 w\ld =m ! family-gr\p1 to :i* ! male 0 atta*$ by 8 sexual ne$s1 b he rema9$ always ap>t--a k9d ( jeal\s fight+ speciali/4 ,! tempor>y he>?-home w\ld be ! %elt] ( ! wom54 ,x 0 "u ?is %elt] t *ildr5 7 born & ! gr\p accumulat$ its memb]s4 ,:e!r cave1 or holl[ tree1 or frail bran* %elt]1 ! home mu/ h belong$ to ! wom54 ,x is cle> t "u ^! conditions ! female memb]s ( ! gr\p-family mu/ necess>ily h be5 atta*$ to ! home mu* m closely ?an ! man1 ^: desire lay 9 ! opposite direction1 & ^: conduct by con/ant jeal\s fights t5d$ to ! disruption ( ! home4 ,moreov] ?is home atta*m5t w\ld be pres5t always & act+ on ! female memb]s1 z ! daught]s--unless captur$ by o!r males--w\ld rema9 9 ! home z additional wives to _! fa!r2 on ! o!r h&1 x c\ld nev] arise 9 ! case ( ! sons1 ^: fate 0 to be driv5 out f ! he>?-home z soon z !y 7 old en\gh to become rivals to _! fa!r4 ,su* conditions mu/1 z "t w5t on1 h pr(\ndly modifi$ ! female outlook1 b5d+ ! desire ( ! wom5 to a /eady settl$ life1 conditions "u :i* alone ! family c\ld exp& & social organisation develop4 ,aga91 ! daily se>* = ! daily food mu/ surely h be5 und]tak5 *iefly by ! wom54 ,= x is impossible t "o man1 h[ev] skilful a hunt]1 c\ld h f$ all ! female memb]s & *ildr5 ( ! gr\p4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 we may1 ,i ?9k1 conceive t mu* ( 8 att5tion & 8 "t w\ld be occupi$ 9 fight+ 8 rivals2 also 8 /r5g? z sole prog5itor mu/ h be5 exp5d$ l>gely 9 sex4 ,x is1 !re=e1 probable t ! male 0 dep5d5t on ! food activities ( 8 wom54 ,! mo!rs1 _! inv5tive faculties quick5$ by ! /ress ( ! ne$s ( _! *ildr51 w\ld try to conv]t to _! own uses ! mo/ available portion ( _! own environm5t4 ,x w\ld be "u _! att5tion t plants 7 fir/ utilis$ = food1 se$s plant$ & nuts & fruit /or$1 birds w\ld also be sn>$1 fi% caught1 & animals tam$ = s]vice4 ,primitive dome/ic vessels & baskets w\ld be fa%ion$ & clo!s h to be made4 ,all ! faculties ( ! wom51 9 ex]cises t w\ld lead to ! developm5t ( e "p ( _! bodies & _! m9ds1 w\ld be call$ into play by ! "w ( satisfy+ ! physical ne$s ( ! gr\p4 ,9 all ^! num]\s activities ! wom5 ( ea* gr\p w\ld "w toge!r4 ,& ?r\gh ?is co-op]ation mu/ h result$ ! ass]tion ( ! wom5's p[]1 z ! directors & organis]s ( indu/rial occupations4 ,z ! gr\p sl[ly advanc$ 9 progress1 su* p[]1 increas+1 w\ld raise ! "m's position2 ! wom5 w\ld e/abli% !mselves p]man5tly z ( ess5tial value 9 ! family1 n only z ! giv]s ( life1 b z ! *ief provid]s ( ! food ess5tial to ! pres]vation ( ! life ( its memb]s4 ,& a fur!r result w\ld foll[ 9 ! treatm5t by ! males ( ?is new ord]4 ,! wom5 by obta9+ & prep>+ food w\ld ga9 an economic value4 ,wives w\ld become to ! husb& a s\rce ( ri*es indisp5sable to him1 n only on acc\nt ( 8 sex ne$s1 b on acc\nt ( ! m p]si/5t ne$ ( food4 ,?us ! m wom5 he possess$ ! great] w\ld be 8 own com=t1 & ! physical prosp]ity ( ! gr\p4 ,& aga91 a fur!r result w\ld foll[4 ,! great] ! numb] ( wom5 9 ! gr\p ! /rong] w\ld become _! p[] ( comb9ation4 ,i atta* great importance to ?is4 ,work+ toge!r = ! welf>e ( all1 ! mat]nal in/9ct ( sacrifice w\ld be greatly /r5g!n$ 9 ! wom5 s t necess>ily !y w\ld come to consid] ! collective int]e/s ( ! family4 ,c x be cr$it$ t su* conditions c\ld h act$ ^u ! males1 ^: conduct w\ld /ill be inspir$ by individual appetite & selfi% incl9ation8 ,i ma9ta9 su* a view to be impossible4 ,ano!r advantage1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld arise = ! wom54 ,f ! circum/ances ( ! family _! int]e/ 9 sex mu/ h be5 less acute 9 consci\sness ?an t ( ! male4 ,!y mu/ h ga9$ fre$om f be+ less occupi$ ) love1 & f be+ less jeal\sly int]e/$ 9 ! male ?an he 0 9 !m4 ,d\btless ea* woman w\ld be attract$ by ! male's c\rage\s action 9 fight+ 8 rivals = possession ( h]1 b :5 ! rival 0 ! woman's own son su* attraction w\ld come into /rong conflict ) ! deep] mat]nal in/9ct4 ,?us ! unceas+ sexual preoccupation ( ! male1 ) ! emotional dep5d5ce x entail$ on ! females1 mu/1 ,i w\ld sugge/1 h giv5 ! wom5 an imm5se advantage4 ,!y w\ld come to use _! sex *>ms z an accessory ( success4 ,& if ,i am "r "h1 ! husb& w\ld be 9 ! p[] ( 8 wom51 mu* m surely ?an !y w\ld be 9 8 p[]4 ,f ! /&po9t ( physical /r5g? ! male 0 ! ma/]1 ! tyrant rul] ( ! family1 :o1 d\btless1 (t5 0 brutal en\gh4 ,b ! wom5 ) _! *ildr51 lead+ an indep5d5t life to "s ext5t1 & ) _! m5tal +5uity develop$ by ! conditions ( _! life1 w\ld le>n1 ,i believe1 to outwit _! ma/]s by passive unit$ resi/ance4 ,! mo!rs & daught]s may ev5 h ass]t$ _! w 9 rebellion4 ,i picture1 inde$1 ^! savage wom5 ev] /riv+ = m privilege1 & /ep by /ep advanc+ ?r\gh peaceful comb9ation to p[]4 ,su* conditions z ^? ,i h briefly pictur$ c\ld n fail to dome/icate ! wom54 ,!y mu/ h act$ also 9 /r5g!n+ ! bonds betwe5 ! mo!rs & _! *ildr5 & 9 mak+ m consci\s ! /rong in/9ct ( mat]nal sacrifice4 ,b m>k ?is3 ,i d n wi% to set up any claim =1 because ,i d n believe 91 ! sup]iority ( "o sex ov] ! o!r sex4 ,"* is det]m9$ by ! conditions ( liv+4 ,if1 z ,i conceive1 progress came ?r\gh ! mo!rs1 r ?an ?r\gh ! fa!r1 x 0 because ! conditions 7 really m fav\rable to !m1 & drove !m on 9 ! "r pa?4 ,collective motives 7 m consid]$ by wom51 n at all because ( any high] /&>d ( moral virtue1 b because ( ! peculi> advantages aris+ to !mselves & to _! *ildr5--advantages ( peaceful family association :i* c\ld n exi/ 9 a gr\p rul$ by individual incl9ation4 ,dur+ ! developm5t ( ! family1 we may expect to f9d t ! males w seek to hold _! rights1 & t ! wom5 ( ! gr\p w ex]t _! influ5ce m & m 9 break+ ^! d[n2 & ?is is precisely :at we d f9d4 ,& = ?is reason ! clan sy/em1 :i* develop$ f ^! solit>y ho/ile families1 mu/ be consid]$ z a fem99e creation1 :i* _h special relation to mo!rhood4 ,! sexual egoism by :i* "o male1 ?r\gh 8 /r5g? & s5iority1 held m>ital rights ov] all ! females ( 8 gr\p _h to be /ruck at its roots4 ,9 o!r words1 ! solit>y despot _h to le>n to tol]ate ! association ( o!r adult males4 ,x is impossible = me "h to foll[ /ep by /ep ! means :]eby ?is *ange 0 br\ght ab\t4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 ass]t my /rong belief t x 0 ! mo!rs1 act+ 9 ! int]e/s ( _! *ildr51 :o tam$ ! jeal\s desires & dome/icat$ ! males4 ,! adult sons1 in/ead ( be+ driv5 f ! home by ! fa!r1 7 p]mitt$ to rema9 z memb]s ( ! family gr\p & to br+ 9 "y wives captur$ f o!r families4 ,at a lat] /age1 daught]s receiv$ husb&s1 "y males f o!r gr\ps1 :o came fir/ z tempor>y lov]s1 visit+ _! brides by night1 b aft]w>ds rema9$ ) !m z p]man5t gue/s 9 ! home ( ! "m4 ,"u ^! new conditions1 ! m>ital rights ( ! male memb]s 7 re/rict$ & conf9$4 ,a sy/em ( taboos 0 e/abli%$1 :i*1 z "t advanc$1 0 greatly /r5g!n$ by ! use ( sacr$ totem m>ks1 & became ( inexorable /rictness4 ,9 ?is way peace 0 e/abli%$1 & association betwe5 ! jeal\s fight+ males 0 made possible4 ,"h1 !n1 are ! reasons :i* l$ to ! =mation ( ! mat]nal family & ! communal clan4 ,x dep5d$1 9 ! fir/ place1 on ! developm5t ( mutual aid betwe5 "m & (fspr+1 bas$ on ! mu* clos] relation%ip ( ! *ildr5 to _! mo!rs ?an to ! fa!r4 ,z soon z ! wom5 ( ! family-gr\p by comb9ation 7 able to outwit & curb ! jeal\s rule ( ! fa!r1 ! matri>*al clan develop$ f ! primitive patri>*al family4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! family & clan seems to me ( great importance4 ,individual relation%ips became ( less importance2 ! clan did n consi/ ( gr\ps ( families b ( individuals4 ,i h /at$ t ! sexual relation%ips betwe5 ! "y p began ) ! reception by ! daught]s ( tempor>y lov]s 9 ! clan-home4 ,a connection ?us =m$ w\ld t5d "u fav\rable circum/ances to be cont9u$ & w\ld be p]petuat$ z a m>riage4 ,?us x came to be ! cu/om = ! husb& to live tempor>ily or p]man5tly 9 ! wife's home & among h] k9dr$4 ,"h he 0 compell$ to "w = ! g5]al good2 he 0 )\t prop]ty or any recognis$ rights 9 ! clan2 he 0 n p]mitt$ a sep>ate home1 & 0 left ) no--or v little--control ov] 8 wife & none ov] ! *ildr5 ( ! m>riage4 ,he occupi$1 inde$1 ! position ( a m or less p]man5t gue/ 9 ! mat]nal hut or t5t4 ,"u su* an organisation ! family--! fir/ gr\p ( ! fa!r1 wives & *ildr5--is swall[$ up 9 ! l>g] clan4 ,! male has no position ( ma/]y ov] ! female4 ,z "t goes on1 ! clan becomes m & m a free association = mutual protection1 rul$ ov] by ! able/ & mo/ capable memb]s4 ,n only does ! fa!r n /& out z a pr9cipal p]son f ! backgr\nd ( ! familial clan2 he has n ev5 any recognis$ dome/ic rights 9 connection ) 8 own wife & *ildr54 ,?is re/riction ( ! husb& & fa!r 0 cle>ly dep5d5t on ! =m ( m>riage4 ,! lat] modifications ( ! communal clan & ! social cu/oms t grew up1 9 mo/ cases--& always1 ,i believe1 9 ! complete mat]nal =m--7 fav\rable to ! au?ority ( ! mo!rs4 ,k9%ip 0 reckon$ ?r\gh ! "m1 ! totem "n 0 tak5 f h]1 s9ce 9 ?is way alone c\ld ! undivid$ family be ma9ta9$4 ,! cont9uity ( ! clan ?us dep5d+ on ! wom5 !y 7 plac$ 9 a position ( importance2 ! "m 0 at lea/ ! nom9al head ( ! h\sehold1 %ap+ ! de/9y ( ! clan ?r\gh ! aid ( h] k9dr$4 ,all ! memb]s ( su* a comp\nd family 7 responsible = ! (f5ces ( any individual memb]2 & 9 ! same way ! clan exact$ blood v5geance or comp5sation collectively = any (f5ce committ$ aga9/ its memb]s4 ,b ! m5 belong$ to _! own clans1 t is1 to ! clans ( _! mo!rs2 !y did n belong to & _h no rights 9 ! clan ( :i* _! wife & *ildr5 7 memb]s4 ,z husb&s & fa!rs !y 7 )\t p[]4 ,?is is v important4 ,! woman's close/ male relation 0 n h] husb&1 b h] bro!r1 :o act$ z fa!r to h] *ildr54 ,a pure type ( matri>*al family fully pres]v$ is r>e4 ,!re are scatt]$ tribes 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w :]e desc5t is /ill reckon$ ?r\gh ! "m4 ,"s features fav\rable to wom5 are f\nd 9 "o community1 "s 9 ano!r4 ,! sexual relation%ips1 9 p>ticul>1 are int]e/+4 ,! girl is frequ5tly ! woo] ( ! man1 & 9 c]ta9 cases %e or h] "m imposes ! conditions ( ! m>riage4 ,aft] m>riage1 ! free provisions = divorce 7(t5 m fav\rable to ! wife ?an to ! husb&7 are1 p]haps1 ( ev5 great] significance4 ,!re are _m traces ( discipl9e ex]cis$ 9 ! br++ up ( *ildr5 & m or less sy/ematic tra9+ ( boys 9 endurance1 spe$1 c\rage1 etc4 ,?is task falls to ! "m's bro!r4 ,! daught]s are in/ruct$ by ! mo!rs & ! matrons ( ! tribe 9 all t conc]ns _! duties z wives & mo!rs4 ,! woman is subject to ! au?ority ( h] elde/ bro!r1 & sometimes z well to t ( h] o!r bro!rs1 h] uncles & male relations4 ,b desc5t be+ reckon$ 9 ! female l9e1 & ! fact t %e is ! conduit by :i* prop]ty passes to & f ! m51 gives ! woman a position ( v consid]able1 ?\gh v>y+1 importance4 ,9 all cases ! p[] ( ! wife is cle>ly dep5d5t on ! mat]nal =m ( m>riage4 ,i mu/ insi/ ^u ?is4 ,:]e ?is cu/om ( ! husb& liv+ 9 ! home ( ! wife 0 practis$ = any long p]iod1 ! wom5 (t5 e/abli%$ _! own claims & all prop]ty 0 held by !m2 conditions :i*1 "u fav\rable circum/ances1 develop$ into :at may lit]ally be call$ a matri>*ate4 ,eld] wom5 among "s tribes are ! heads ( k9sfolk1 !y ev5 h a seat or voice 9 ! tribal c\ncil1 & !re h be5 exceptional cases ( female tribal *iefs4 ,religion is 9 "s p]iods 9 ! h&s ( wom51 & goddesses are m rev]5c$ ?an gods4 ,"h is c]ta9 pro( ( ! fav\rable influ5ce "m-desc5t may ex]cise on ! au?ority held by wom54 ,9 all circum/ances ! *ildr5's position 0 dep5d5t on ! "m & h] k9dr$4 ,su* a sy/em ( inh]itance may be briefly summ>is$ z "m-"r4 ,o!r =ms ( m>riage are f\nd2 inde$1 e possible exp]im5t 9 family & sexual association has be5 tri$ & is /ill practis$ among b>b>\s races1 (t5 ) v little ref]5ce to ^? moral ideas to :i* we are accu/om$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v necess>y to rememb] t monogamy is frequ5t & inde$ usual "u ! mat]nal sy/em4 ,:5 ! husb& lives ) 8 wife 9 a dep5d5t position to h] family1 he c d s only 9 ! case ( "o woman4 ,= ?is reason polygamy is mu* less deeply root$ "u ! conditions 9 :i* ! communal life ( ! comp\nd family is develop$ ?an 9 ! s+le patri>*al family4 ,polygamy is an indication1 if n always a pro(1 ( ! subord9ation ( wom5 to ! head%ip ( ! husb&4 ,9 ! complete mat]nal family x is nev] common & is ev5 prohibit$4 ,x 0 q o!rwise ) poly&ry1 & ?\gh less usual ?an monogamy1 ?is =m ( association is 9 "s cases connect$ ) ! conditions ( ! mat]nal clan4 ,i d n believe x c be reg>d$ z due to a lic5ti\s view ( ! sexual relations1 b arose z an expression ( ! communism :i* 0 *>act]i/ic ( su* an organisation4 ,! :ole subject ( primitive sexual relation%ips--:i*1 ( c\rse1 involves ! family1 ! position ( woman & ! welf>e ( ! *ildr5--is a v wide & complicat$ "o4 ,if ,i diff] on sev]al important po9ts f le>n$ au?orities1 ^: k & rese>* f> exce$ my own1 ,i d s only aft] great hesitation1 & because ,i mu/4 ,almo/ inv>iably ! writ]s on ^! que/ions are m51 & p]haps = ?is reason ! position ( wom5 has n receiv$ ! att5tion t x claims4 ,my own /udies h conv9c$ me t 9 ! e>ly beg9n+s ( ! human family wom5 ex]cis$ a m direct & /rong] influ5ce ?an is usually believ$4 ,?is is no fanciful idea ( my own1 z ,i claim to h prov$ 9 my e>li] book1#ff :]e x 0 possible to br+ =w>d 9 detail ! evid5ce ,i h collect$ on ! subject4 ,b ev5 9 ?is brief summ>y en\gh has be5 said to give 9 r\gh outl9e "s picture ( ! family "u ! conditions ( ! mat]nal communal clan4 ,we h m>k$ ! /eady /r5g!n+ ( ! tie betwe5 ! "m & ! *ild1 ) ! correspond+ movem5t 9 ! opposite direction 9 reg>d to ! fa!r's position 9 ! family4 ,all ! *ances = success 9 p>5?ood re/$ ) ! "m1 r ?an ) ! fa!r4 ,! male 0 driv5 out f ! holy circle ( ! family4 ,?is degradation ( fa!rhood is a fact t mu/ be kept be=e our att5tion4#fg ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r side to ! matt]4 ,9 ! face ( :at we h e/abli%$1 x mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be accept$ t wom5 held consid]able p[] 9 ?is p]iod ( "m-desc5t & "u ! mat]nal =m ( m>riage4 ,! "m 0 dom9ant 9 ! family 9 ?is second /age ( its developm5t4 ,?is is /ill d5i$ by "s au?orities4 ,!re are _m facts ( ! e>ly p[] ( wom5 :i* ! great _w does n "k4 ,h[1 !n1 are we to come to a decision8 ,%all we look back to ! mat]nal /age z ! gold5 p]iod ( ! family :]e9 7 realis$ conditions ( free mo!rhood1 :i* ev5 to-day h n be5 e/abli%$8 ,x is a "q v difficult to answ]1 & we mu/ n 9 any ha/e ru% into mi/akes4 ,& un=tunately ! limitation ( my space c all[ only ! briefe/ consid]ation ( ! matt]4 ,we f9d t ! "m-age 0 a transitional /age 9 ! hi/ory ( ! gr[? ( society1 & we c trace ! /ages ( its gradual decl9e4 ,!re is no?+ to %[ t ! cu/oms ( mat]nal communism1 dep5d5t on desc5t trac$ 9 ! female l9e & ! mat]nal =m ( m>riage1 h ev] be5 p]man5tly ma9ta9$ 9 any progressive society4 ,! enl>g$ family ( ! mat]nal clan is ?us prov$ to h be5 a less /able social sy/em ?an ! patri>*al s+le family :i* aga9 succe$$ x1 or x w\ld n h p]i%$ 9 ! /ruggle ) x4 ,i ?9k ?is mu/ be accept$4 ,)9 ! l>ge & undivid$ gr\p-family ( ! clan1 ! re/rict$ family became gradually re-e/abli%$ by a reass]tion ( dome/ic int]e/s4 ,9 proportion z ! family ga9$ 9 importance 7:i* w\ld arise z ! /ruggle = exi/5ce less5$ & ! ne$ ( association 0 less imp]ative7 ! int]e/s ( ! individual memb]s w\ld become sep>at$ f ! gr\p to :i* !y belong$4 ,z society advanc$ & p]sonal prop]ty began to be acquir$1 ea* man w\ld aim at ga9+ a m exclusive "r ov] 8 wife & *ildr52 he w\ld n will+ly submit to ! bondage ( ! mat]nal =m ( m>riage4 ,we f9d ! husb& & fa!r mov+ t[>ds ! position ( a fully ackn[l$g$ legal p>5t by a sy/em ( buy+ (f 8 wife & h] *ildr5 f _! clan-gr\p4 ,!n ! paym5t ( a bride-price 0 claim$ f ! bridegroom by ! bride's relations1 & an act ( pur*ase 0 acc\nt$ ess5tial be=e m>riage2 x 01 h[ev]1 reg>d$ z a condition1 n s mu* ( ! m>riage itself1 b ( ! transf]5ce ( ! wife to ! home ( ! husb& & ( ! *ildr5 to 8 k9dr$4 ,! *ange 01 ( c\rse1 effect$ sl[ly2 (t5 we f9d ! two =ms ( m>riage--! mat]nal =m & ! pur*ase-m>riage--occurr+ side by side4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 is c]ta9 is t ! pur*ase-m>riage 9 ! /ruggle 0 ! "o :i* prevail$4 ,?is rev]sal 9 ! =m ( ! m>riage br\ght ab\t a correspond+ rev]sal 9 ! position ( ! woman 9 ! sexual relation%ip4 ,?is is s pla94 ,z ! patri>*ate develop$1 & m5 began to ga9 individual possession ( _! *ildr5 by ! pur*ase ( _! mo!rs1 ! fa!r became ! dom9ant p[] 9 ! family4 ,wom5 no long] are ! transmitt]s ( prop]ty & ( ! family "n1 b are !mselves prop]ty pass+ f ! h&s ( _! k9dr$ to ^? ( a husb&4 ,z pur*as$ wives1 !y reside 9 ! husb&'s h\se & among 8 k91 :]e !y occupy ! same position ( disadvantage 9 ! family z ! husb& & fa!r _h done "u ! mat]nal m>riage4 ,! protection ( h] own k9dr$ 0 ! s\rce ( ! wife's privileg$ position4 ,?is n[ 0 lo/4 ,! *ange 0 n br\ght ab\t )\t a /ruggle1 & = long ! old cu/oms cont5d$ ) ! new4 ,b /ep by /ep ! man became ! fa!r-ma/] 9 ! home4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v necess>y to rememb] t ?is rev]sal 9 ! m>riage cu/om may well h be5 br\ght ab\t z mu* by ! desire ( ! wom5 z by ! action ( ! m54 ,i believe t ! *ange to ! individual family mu/ h be5 reg>d$ fav\rably by primitive wom54 ,an arrangem5t :i* w\ld give a clos] relation%ip 9 m>riage & ! protection ( a husb& = h]self & h] *ildr5 may well h be5 pref]r$ by ! wife to ! position ( subjection 9 :i* %e 0 frequ5tly plac$ to ! au?ority ( h] bro!r & h] own relatives4 ,nor d ,i ?9k x unlikely t %e1 q z /rongly z ! man1 may h desir$ to live ap>t f h] "m & h] k9dr$ 9 h] husb&'s home4 ,we h to rememb] t ! reass]tion ( ! fa!r )9 ! family-gr\p 0 a necess>y /ep1 & "o t _h to be tak54 ,! "m is b\nd to ! family by h] *ildr5 9 a mu* clos] way ?an ! man ev] c be b\nd4 ,& = ?is reason any conditions :i* sep>ate ! fa!r f ! home & lib]ate him f 8 responsibilities to 8 *ildr5 are c]ta9 n to act 9 ! direction ( progress4 ,! male ne$s to be held to ! family4 ,?is is a fact mu* too (t5 =gott54 ,! social clan organis$ ar\nd ! mo!rs c>ri$ mank9d a long way--a way ! l5g? ( :i* we are only beg9n+ to realise4 ,b x c\ld n c>ry mank9d =w>d to ! clos] family ties & family life f :i* s mu* 0 aft]w>ds to develop4 ,! clan sy/em 0 ess5tial to ! conditions ( primitive life1 ow+ to ! fi]ce /ruggle to exi/1 & x c\ld !n limit & int]f]e ) ! family on e side4 ,b z soon z life 0 easi]1 m5 want$ to e/abli% a home ) wife & *ildr5 & to enjoy ! possession ( prop]ty4 ,& wom5 want$ ?is too4 ,x 0 n possible = ! family to be p]man5tly absorb$4 ,i mu/ insi/ ^u ?is aga94 ,! individual family--t is1 ! tr9ity compos$ ( fa!r1 "m & *ild--is ! old] & ! m la/+ in/itution4 ,i affirm1 fur!r1 t ( ! two =ms ( ! family1 ! individual limit$ =m is ! "o t is ! m natural & happy4 ,special circum/ances may make necess>y ! enl>g$ social family1 b su* conditions are n really a /ep =w>d4 ,) all ! evils & re/rictions t fa!r-"r & ! individual family-gr\p may1 ?r\gh\t ! ages1 h br\ght to wom51 we h got to rememb] t ! woman owes ! individual relation%ip 9 love & ! protection ( ! man = h]self & h] *ildr5 to ! patri>*al sy/em4 ,! fa!r's "r 9 8 *ildr5 7:i*1 unlike ! "r ( ! "m1 0 n f\nd$ ^u k9%ip1 b re/$ on ! q diff]5t & insecure basis ( prop]ty7 _h to be re-e/abli%$4 ,)\t ?is be+ done1 ! family 9 its fairness & complete developm5t 0 impossible4 ,! survival value ( ! patri>*al family consi/s 9 ! additional ga9 to ! *ildr5 ( ! fa!r's to ! "m's c>e4 ,i d n ?9k ?is ga9 c ev] safely be lo/4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,mo!rhood ,,& ,,! ,,relation%ips ,,( ,,! ,,sexes 8,= ! great majority ( mank9d at lea/ x c be held t life resolves itself q simply & obvi\sly into ?ree c>d9al phases4 ,!re is a p]iod ( y\? & prep>ation1 a great insurg5ce ( emotion & ent]prise c5tr+ ab\t ! passion ( ,love2 & a ?ird p]iod 9 :i*1 aris+ amid/ ! w>m? & /ir ( ! second1 int]weav+ inde$ ) ! second1 ! c>e & love ( (fspr+ becomes ! c5tral int]e/ 9 life4''' ,look+ at ?is ) a prim>y reg>d to its broade/ aspect1 life is se5 ess5tially z a matt] ( reproduction2 fir/ a gr[? & tra9+ to t end1 !n commonly mat+ & actual physical reproduction1 & f9ally ! consummation ( ^! ?+s 9 p>5tal nurture & education4 ,love1 ,home & ,*ildr51 ^! are ! he>t-words ( life40--,h4 ,g4 ,,wells4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,family ,,& ,,! ,,home ,attacks on ! family n likely to de/roy x--,dom9ance ( ! male may be *ang$ )\t alt]+ ! fundam5tal ideal ( ! family--,b]n>d ,%aw ignorant ( human ne$s--,two /atem5ts by ,h4 ,g4 ,wells--,! inhuman ideals ( intellectual re=m]s--,tra9$ h&s to replace "m's love--,fooli% egoism ! basis ( ! :ole argum5t--,! sweat$ victim ( an indu/rial age is ! ideal emancipat$ woman--,! p[] ( ! "m 9 non-indu/rial societies--,mod]n unc]ta9ty & want ( a fix$ /&>d ( conduct--,! ext5sion ( wom5's "w dur+ ! w>--,is x ( b5efit to ! com+ g5]ation--,c ! "m bo? "w outside ! home & give suffici5t c>e to h] *ildr5--,woman's subord9ate qualities are man's dom9ant qualities--,h5ce ! wa/efulness ( rivalry 9 ! same "w--,e>ly exp]im5ts 9 communi/ families--,! *ild's ne$ = a home ( its own--,we mu/ insi/ on conditions t w make home life possible--,types ( mo!rs--,! p]sonal rights ( ! *ild--,! position ( ! fa!r--,! fa!r c be deta*$ f ! family--,?is h>mful--,! *ild's ne$ = ! c>e ( bo? its p>5ts--,! home expos$ to dang]--,x awaits a fre% inspiration to turn back & hold ! desires ( wom54 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,family ,,& ,,! ,,home 8,! ideal :i* ! "m & wife makes = h]self1 ! mann] 9 :i* %e und]/&s duty & life1 conta9 ! fate ( ! community40--,amiel's ,j\rnal4 ,!re are "s :o hold t ! family re/s on a trembl+ quicks&1 & /ate t its support]s are compell$ to weave a network ( lies to su/a9 its f\ndation4 ,we he> mu* wild talk1 & a great deal is said ab\t ! re/rictions impos$ by ! family1 & v little ab\t its duties & its joys4 ,!re is1 & ,i ?9k its exi/5ce mu/ be fac$1 a gr[+ tide ( discont5t :i* w\ld seem to r5d] ! /ability ( ! home m & m prec>i\s--! fa9t-he>t$ cry to u t ev]y?+ is com+ to an end4 ,x is n s1 b r1 ev]y?+ is ab\t to be r5ew$4 ,in/itutions z vital to life z ! family w cont9ue4 ,f ! mo/ di/ant p]iod ( life1 among ! animals z among mank9d1 ! hi/ory ( ! family has be5 a long s]ies ( reg5]ations4 ,we h f\nd witness to ?is aga9 & aga9 9 ! pa/ records ( pre-human & primitive human p>5?ood4 ,&1 inde$1 ! mo/ important result we h ga9$ f our long inquiry is ! abundant pro( x has furni%$ ( ! inde/ructible "* ( ! family4 ,:]ev] ! individual family 7! la/+ union ( ! male ) ! female = ! protection ( ! "y7 has be5 dep>t$ f = "s o!r & p]haps fre] =m ( sexual association a return has foll[$4 ,special conditions h call$ =? exp]im5ts1 new family arrangem5ts1 b 9 no case h !y become univ]sal & p]man5t4 ,we _c argue aga9/ all t ! pa/ tea*es u4 ,& assur$ly ! hi/ory ( ! family turns into fooli%ness _m re=ms t1 9 our bl9dness1 we are seek+ to-day4 ,we believe !y w br+ progress & fre$om to wom54 ,b :at sure gr\nd h we = su* a belief8 ,9 tru? we h mu* to le>n4 ,in/itutions h ?is 9 common ) riv]s1 !y d n readily fl[ backw>ds4 ,if !y sometimes seem to retro-grade1 x is g5]ally only a m]e appe>ance1 & ?\gh tribut>y /reams break away 9 exp]im5tal c\rses ! ma9 riv] fl[s on4 ,y w see :at ,i mean by ?is4 ,! *anges t w take place1 & h = long be5 tak+ place1 h be5 *anges n affect+ ! fundam5tal qualities 9 ! ideal ( ! family--its p]man5ce1 ! fidelity ( its p>tn]s 9 ?\ght & de$1 its s5tim5ts & its obligations ( joy\s sacrifice 9 unit$ p>5tal c>e4 ,attacks h alt]$ 7& x is well t !y h alt]$7 ! dom9ance ( ! male4 ,! patri>*al cu/oms ( propriet>y own]%ip are gradually disappe>+ bo? = ! wife & = ! *ildr54 ,! family has broad5$4 ,! feel+ ( ho/ility to ! out] _w1 ! self-c5tr$ness--mu* t limit$ ! family is be+ *ang$4 ,b ! idea ( ! family1 & its value z "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial =ms ( social life1 rema9s unaffect$4 ,& m>k ?is3 ,no ideals :atev] h be5 produc$ by ev5 ! mo/ progressive & enlight5$ p]sons to replace ! family gr\p4 ,! wild re=ms contemplat$ by "s among u1 :o talk1 b =tunately d n act1 are fog & nons5se4 ,! home1 9 p>ticul>1 has be5 spok5 ( ) contempt4 ,?us1 ,b]n>d ,%aw1 :o 9 ! re=ms he advocates fails s frequ5tly to see ! real human ne$s ( life1 cries3 8,home is ! girls' prison & ! woman's workh\se40 ,aga91 ,w4 ,l4 ,george 9 ,wom5 & ,to-morr[ 7a 8,to-morr[0 :i*1 by ! way1 ,i tru/ ,i may nev] live to see7 /ates3 8,! home is ! enemy ( ,woman4 ,purport+ to be h] protector1 x is h] oppressor4 ,x is h] =tress1 b %e does n live 9 ! /ate ap>tm5ts1 %e lives 9 a dungeon40 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells1 9 a mu* m rec5t utt]ance1 :]e9 he pr(esses to =eca/ 8,:at is ,com+10 speaks ev5 m /rongly1 & all ! pres5t conditions are e/imat$4 ,he /ates3 8,n[1 to be m>ri$ is an incid5t 9 a woman's c>e]1 z 9 a man's40 7,! italics are m9e47 8,!re is n ! same necessity ( t h\sehold1 n ! same close tie2 ! m>ri$ woman rema9s p>tially a freewoman & assimilates h]self to ! freewoman4 ,!re is an increas+ disposition to gr\p solit>y *ildr5 & to delegate _! c>e to specially qualifi$ p2 & ?is is likely to increase1 because ! high e>n+ p[] ( "y wom5 w incl9e !m to entru/ _! *ildr5 to o!rs40 ,& aga91 at ! conclusion ( 8 article on 8,! ,w> & ,wom510 ,mr4 ,wells sums up ! situation z foll[s3 8,to sum all t has gone be=e1 ?is w> is accel]at+ r ?an deflect+ ! /ream ( t5d5cy1 & is br++ u rapidly to a /ate ( affairs 9 :i* wom5 w be mu* m def9itely indep5d5t ( _! sexual /atus1 mu* less hamp]$ 9 _! self-developm5t & mu* m ne>ly equal to m5 ?an has ev] be5 kn[n be=e 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( mank9d40 ,n[1 if ^! two late pron\ncem5ts ( ,mr4 ,wells are comp>$ ) :at he wrote a few ye>s back1 ) ! quotation f ,mank9d 9 ! ,mak+ :i* ,i h plac$ be=e ?is section ( my book because x s well expresses my own views1 ,i ?9k ! h>m t ( late ye>s has be5 work+ is /rongly evid5t2 h>m t is incr$ibly active 9 our consci\sness4#fh ,su* talk ( my sex z 8freewom50 & ( a lib]ation f ! sexual life1 z if t c\ld be possible1 fills me ) impati5ce4 ,i w\ld n wait to notice x did ,i n believe t ! hurt done to wom5 _h be5 deep & f>-rea*+4 ,x has increas$ = !m ! difficulty ( unify+ life4 ,& ?is unc]ta9ty ( desire is1 z ,i believe1 ! mod]n disease :i* has work$ su* havoc 9 ! s\ls ( wom54 ,i w\ld l to sil5ce all useless1 impi\s negators2 ^? :o1 seek+ to be clev]1 really are bl9k]$1 & unable to see ! results t w\ld foll[ f _! de/ructions4 ,! error 9 all ^! outcries is ! error ( bl9dness1 ( gett+ into a condition ( confus$ intellectual excitem5t1 & because "s wom5 are dissatisfi$ & h be5 unhappy1 say+1 !re=e1 & usually ) passion1 t !y w\ld be m satisfi$ if all ! sex 7 fre$ f its own duties4 ,z if fre$om 7 ev] ga9$ by runn+ away4 ,! intellectual re=m] is s v f> f und]/&+ ! real human ne$s4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 a significant omission 9 ! quotations ,i h giv5--no m5tion is made ( ! results ( all ?is to ! *ild1 & no sugge/ion is (f]$ except t x %\ld be tra9$ & c>$ = by exp]ts & ap>t f its p>5ts4 ,! home is to g because x re/ricts ! lib]ty ( wom5 & w h9d] _! e>n+ p[]1 z if ?is 7 all t _h to be consid]$4 ,i c h>dly f9d a m /rik+ example ( h[ f> ! app>5tly simple & elem5tal ?+s escape ! att5tion ( ! intellectual re=m]4 ,9 ! society 9 :i* we are liv+1 ! only use t c be made ( mod]n progressive tea*+ ab\t ! family--! only ounces ( practice to be d]iv$ f p\nds ( precept--w lead1 z ,i believe1 to a v undesirable c\rse ( action4 ,! programme = ! abolition ( ! home has be5 outl9$ = u by re=m]s ( bo? sexes4 ,communal h\ses & kit*5s1 & ! int]v5tion ( armies ( exp]ts1 are to solve ! problems :i* n[ keep wom5 ti$ 9 ! individual home4 ,! p>5ts are to be supplant$ by 8born educators40 ,successive in/itutions are plann$ = ! bottle-p]iod1 k9d]g>t51 s*ool age1 & s on4 ,! *ildr5 are to /& on visit+ relations to ! individual home & _! p>5ts1 :ile _! bodies & s\ls are to be c>$ = by speciali/s4 ,& we are ask$ to believe t ?is w be a ga9 to ! *ild6 8,x is ! tra9$ h& t ! baby ne$s1 n m]e blood relation%ip ''' p]sonal love is too hot an atmosph]e = ! "y s\l40#fi ,n[1 if ,i want$ a g5]al t]m to express ! /ate ( m9d ( ^! re=m]s1 ,i d s]i\sly ?9k ! ^w inhuman w\ld be z ne> to x z any4 ,"s p talk z if !re 7 no emotional quality to decide ^! que/ions2 !y are dry-m9d$ & q unable to grasp ! true values 9 life4 ,& ! ess5ce ( all su* folly is an insupportable egoism4 ,! :ole argum5t aga9/ ! home is bas$ on ! claim ( woman to lead an indep5d5t life4 ,indep5d5t ( :at8 ,x is n easy to answ]4 ,x is ass]t$ t ! ideal ( ! home z ! special c>e ( woman has ti$ h] to mat]ial ?+s2 x is urg$ t h] emancipation f ! feti% ( ! home is ess5tial = h] s\l's fre$om4 ,! fem9i/s ask u to make ! wage-e>n+ woman our ideal1 in/ead ( reg>d+ h]1 z ,i d1 z ! un=tunate victim ( indu/rial life & indu/rial ideals--& ?is is a v dang]\s attitude & "o :i* _c fail to affect v s]i\sly ! fate ( ! home 9 ! future4 ,x is ?is t causes me su* grave fe>4 ,! ideals t we set be=e u d ex]cise an influ5ce great] ?an we "k4 ,n[1 ,i am n mu* mov$ by ?is mod]n cry = lib]ty4 ,:at is ?is fre$om = :i* wom5 h be5 clam\r+8 ,9 :at tyranny are !y held o!r ?an t 9 :i* _! womanhood holds !m8 ,is ! new lib]ty to be f\nd z sweat$ work]s8 ,w x come ev5 n[ :5 wom5's indu/rial "w is be+ s\ght = & well paid8 ,c x ev] come f ! fev]$ ef=t to live ! same lives z m5 live & d ! same "w t m5 d8 ,b ?is k9d ( view is ( a mo/ sup]ficial sort1 & "o t1 comp>atively speak+1 is new4 ,be=e ! com+ ( indu/rialism ! ideals ( wom5 7 f> diff]5t & 7 c5tr$ 9 ! home4 ,! family 0 !n firmly e/abli%$ on ! patri>*al sy/em4 ,i h j read a ,russian book#gj :i* gives a p]fect picture ( ! patri>*al home4 ,! sc5e is describ$ by a *ild3 ! head ( ! h\se has di$ & ! new male-head comes f ! dea?-b$4 ,he is ?us receiv$ by ! wom5 ( ! h\se-- 8,sudd5ly ! door op5$1 & my fa!r came 94 ,he look$ ?9 & pale & sad4 ,in/antly all rose & w5t to meet him2 ev5 gr&mo!r1 :o 0 v /\t & c\ld n walk )\t "s "o support+ h]1 dragg$ h]self t[>ds him1 & all 8 f\r si/]s fell d[n at 8 feet & began to #8ke54' ,x 0 impossible to cat* all !y said & "p ,i n[ =get1 b ,i rememb] ! words1 #8,y are our fa!r n[3 be k9d to u poor orphans4' ,my fa!r ) te>s lift$ !m all up & embrac$ !m2 :5 8 "m advanc$ t[>ds him1 he b[$ to ! gr\nd be=e h]1 kiss$ h] h&s1 & v[$ t he w\ld always submit to h] au?ority1 & t no *anges w\ld be made by him4''' ,!y !n sat d[n to eat s he>tily--my "m did n--t ,i wat*$ !m ) a/oni%m5t4 ,my ,aunt ,tatyana help$ fi%-s\p out ( a l>ge ture51 &1 z %e put bits ( roe & liv] on ! plates1 %e begg$ all to d ju/ice to !m3 #8,h[ poor fa!r lov$ ! roe & ! liv]6'0 ,n[1 to ! self-ass]tive1 fem9i/ m9d1 imbu$ ) indu/rial ideals1 ?is sc5e may make no appeal4 ,its peace is too quiet4 ,"h is none ( ! mod]n unre/1 ! bor$om1 ! mov+ ab\t 9 worlds unrealis$4 ,b ,i d n ?9k ?is w be not$4 ,! "o sugge/ion t w leap to ! ?\ghts is ! dep5d5t position ( ! wom54 ,?is is true1 b x is equally true t ! p[] ( ! wom5 is f> great] ?an x is 9 any indu/rial home4 ,& we f9d t su* p[] is n ex]cis$ by ! "y wom5 & on acc\nt ( any sexual attraction1 9 ! way to :i* we are accu/om$ & h come to expect1 b ! p[] is held by ! "m1 ^: desires ?r\gh life are a law to h] son4 ,i c h>dly emphasise too /rongly ?is p[] & influ5ce ( ! "m at all times :5 ! family is firmly e/abli%$4 ,i ?9k x mu/ be grant$ t ! "m has lo/ h] position ( influ5ce 9 ! home :]ev] indu/rial views ( life h p5etrat$4 ,%e has little p[] ov] h] gr[n-up sons or ev5 ov] h] daught]s4 ,self-ass]tion is also ! desire ( ! *ildr52 !y want to break away f ! "m4 ,p]haps ?is is inevitable1 & maybe x is "r4 ,x is v difficult to be c]ta94 ,i w n dwell on ?is "q4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 ask y to keep fix$ 9 y\r att5tion ?is hesitation t has ent]$ z a disease into our mod]n consci\sness4 ,we are )\t purpose1 & h no absolute /&>d ( conduct4 ,& ! result = mo/ ( u is a life ( confus$ aims1 re/less & seek+1 a*iev+ by accid5t :at is a*iev$ at all4 ,!re h be51 ( c\rse1 _m sep>ate causes & influ5ces unit+ to br+ ?is unre/1 b ! disorganisation ( ! patri>*al home1 ) ! *ange 9 ! ideal & desires ( wom51 has act$ v /rongly z a di/urb+ =ce4 ,we h lo/1 especially1 t h>mony 9 life :i* woman alone is able to create4 ,)9 ! patri>*al family-gr\p wom5 liv$ a life t 0 complete 9 itself1 ! home 0 self-conta9$ because x includ$ all ! elem5ts necess>y = ! c>ry+ on ( a useful & heal?y life4 ,true ?is home life1 complete z x 0 9 itself1 0 n life 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( liv+1 = x lack$ "s ( ! l>g] elem5ts t only fre$om ( action c give4 ,x 0 = wom5 a re/rict$1 &1 9 lat] times1 ev5 a /unt$ life3 9 ! end x came to be a p>asitic life4 ,b = long x 0 a natural & satisfy+ life & x 0 always entirely fem99e1 because mo!rhood embrac$ x all1 inspir+ e motive & guid+ e act4 ,:at we want is ! family recon/ruct$1 ) all its hi/oric bonds ( unity & sanctity pres]v$ & yet fitt$ to meet mod]n ne$s4 ,x mu/ be a home :]e life c be liv$ 9 its fulness & its dep?4 ,x is cle> t ?is recon/ruction is n go+ to be easy4 ,su* a task mu/ ev5 be held to be absurd1 if we view life f ! mod]n /&po9t1 :i* c only be t ( ! doctr9e ( self-ass]tion4 ,:]e ! ,self is s insi/5t1 !re c be no consci\sness ( duty z some?+ fix$ & ( life z be+ purposive1 consecrat$ to an end1 :i* may n be left or tak5 up4 ,& ! fir/ ?+ necess>y is to break ?r\gh ! sep>ate aims t cause su* confusion 9 wom5's ?\ghts & desires4 ,no /&>d ( action c be fix$ until we "k :at we want4 ,sep>ation mu/ arise f self-ass]tion4 ,no?+ wor? do+ c be done until ! collective consci\sness ( wom5 has f\nd itself & rega9$ a unify+ ideal4 ,life at ! mom5t is 9 a /ate ( too viol5t in/ability = any attempts to recon/ruct ! home to be ( any avail1 &1 9 any case1 x is difficult to believe t any new =m ( ! family c 9 mod]n times ex]cise ! sway t ! patri>*al sy/em wield$ 9 times gone by4 ,& yet "s /&>d we mu/ h1 or ! confusion 9 wom5's lives w g on1 & all fem99e idealism mu/ p]i% ?r\gh ! v numb] ( its v>ieties4 ,n[1 x may be t ! =ces :i* act$ aga9/ ! family 9 its pa/ hi/ory are act+ aga9 to-day4 ,communal liv+ & gr\p homes h be5 tri$ already 9 ! beg9n+s ( civilisation4 ,!y 7 develop$ on acc\nt ( conditions ( dang] :i* ?reat5$ ! primitive family-gr\ps1 =c+ !m to unite ) "o ano!r = mutual protection & help4#ga ,to-day aga9 ! home is ?reat5$4 ,indu/rialism has /eadily und]m9$ its f\ndations1 & *ang$ ! desire ( wom54 ,indu/rial work]s h dep>t$ f> inde$ f ! ideal ( absolute self-d$ication & s]vice to ! home t once 0 ! supreme conception ( woman4 ,& n[ a fur!r /ep has be5 tak54 ,w> has made necess>y conditions t indu/rialism fir/ taught wom5 to desire4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 our indu/rial hi/ory a dem& has aris5 = wom5's lab\r z press+ & l>ge z ! supply4 ,hundr$s & ?\s&s ( wom5 & girls h be5 call$ f _! homes to c>ry on ! necess>y "w ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re are already #aie1jjj wom5 employ$ 9 munition "w1 :ile #bge1jjj m wom5 are engag$ 9 indu/rial occupations4#gb ,wom5 h %[n t !re is h>dly any "w ( m5 t !y _c d4 ,!y are driv+ motor-lorries1 !y are work+ on ! railways1 act+ z conductors on trams & buses2 !y are do+ ! po/man's r\nd & c>man's deliv]ies2 !y are pl\gh+ & s[+ ! l&2 !y are /&+ long h\rs at ! me*anic's la!4 ,wom5 are ev]y:]e4 ,& day by day ! c\ntry is call+ = m1 & yet m wom5 work]s4 ,!y are want$ on ! l&1 !y are want$ 9 ! factories1 !y are want$ 9 ! %ops1 9 (fices1 9 s*ools1 !y are want$ 9 e k9d ( indu/ry4 ,wom5 w answ] ! call2 !y w take ! places ( ^? :o h gone to fight1 = _! patriotism is z /rong z ! patriotism ( m54 ,t wom5 %\ld "w to-day is unavoidable3 x is w>4 ,yet necess>y z ?is work+ ( wom5 is = ! duration ( w>1 x is equally necess>y t ! conditions ( _! lab\r %\ld be regulat$ to meet ! special ne$s ( _! fem99e con/itution4 ,9 all cases :]e wom5 are do+ m5's "w !y %\ld "w %ort] h\rs1 h long] re/s & m holidays4 ,d we und]/& :at ! results ( ov]work may be8 ,x is racial suicide to all[ adolesc5t girls & "y wom51 :o are1 or :o w be1 mo!rs1 to d "w :i* may break into or ov]/ra9 _! res]ve /r5g?1 us+ up n[ :at ought to be giv5 to ! next g5]ation4 ,a nation's weal? & future dep5d directly on ! heal? & n]ve res]ve ( its wom54 ,x is deplorable t ^! =ces ( life are be+ us$ s wa/efully4 ,i "k well t 9 ! confusion ( ! times x is n easy to get public att5tion = ! ne$s ( wom5 work]s4 ,yet ! importance ( ?is matt] is su* t delay may be disa/r\s4 ,a fur!r consid]ation arises1 & "o1 too1 t is vital4 ,aft] ! w>1 :at w happ58 ,peace is ! normal /ate ( ! _w & we %all return to x--"s day4 ,are ^! conditions ( cont9u\s "w = wom5 to g on !n8 ,!re is mu* to cause grave fe>4 ,wom5--& ,i h spok5 to _m ( !m on ! subject--seem to reg>d ?is tak+ on ( m5's "w1 n z a tempor>y ?+ =c$ on !m by ! necessities ( w>1 b z ! ga9+ ( a goal = :i* = long !y h be5 fight+4 ,"h is "s ( ! talk t ,i h he>d at wom5's meet+s or read 9 rec5t articles by fem9i/ writ]s3 8,new fields ( action lie op5 to wom5 on all sides1 ! opportunities are col\r$ ) spl5did possibilities02 or 8,! ne$ = work]s is woman's opportunity1 & z su* %e recognises & w use x40 ,aga91 8,! pa? lies op5 & cle> be=e wom51 _! h\r has come to e/abli% a root$ & solid f\ndation = ! woman work] ( ! future40 ,& yet aga91 8,woman has done m ?an any man c\ld h imag9$ to w9 ?is w>4 ,at ! same "t %e has won a new /ation = h]self40 ,n[ to me all su* talk is ! visible sign ( ! deplorable failure 9 wom5's lives4 ,fem9i/s tell me t ! break+ up ( ! individual home ) ! in/itutional re>+ ( *ildr5 w lib]ate wom54 ,by ?is plan ( re=m !y w be free1 able to h *ildr5 & also to devote !mselves to ga9ful "w4 ,!y w ga9 ! economic indep5d5ce = :i* !y are s l\dly cry+4 ,mo!rhood w be b a %ort int]ruption 9 ! pr(essional or indu/rial c>e]--"m-c>e a sup]/ition ( ! pa/4 ,:at c ,i say to %[ h[ misplac$ & h[ mis*iev\s is ! outlook ( ^? :o ?us turn away f ! long exp]i5ce ( ! pa/8 ,x is n s t ! problems ( ! future c be solv$4 ,! pa/ gives u pro( en\gh t woman's creation1 ! home1 has be5 h] great contribution to civilisation4 ,no transitory ne$s or seem+ p]sonal ga9s c c\nt]balance ! loss t mu/ come to u z a p f woman's neglect ( positive duties4 ,!re has be5 neglect "u indu/rial conditions4 ,escape 0 impossible4 ,& 9 our homes !re has be5 urg5t ne$ = re=m4 ,"h ,i am 9 agreem5t ) ^? :o discr$it ! value ( ! home4 ,i1 too1 am c]ta9 t our family & home life1 9 _m directions1 h be5 z bad z !y c\ld be4 ,a radical *ange is ne$$1 b ,i hope x w be 9 ! opposite direction f ! plan ( in/itutional upbr++ ( ! *ildr51 & ! sub/itution ( ! communal dwell+-h\se = ! individual home4 ,i "k well1 z e woman mu/ "k1 t ! creat+ ( ! "r k9d ( home is no easy task1 b "o t dem&s ! cont9u\s pres5ce ( ! "m1 ) an unceas+ giv+ ( h]self 9 body & 9 s\l4 ,& ! tr\ble is t "u indu/rial ideals ( re/less discont5t & ( pull+ d[n ! b>ri]s1 ! majority ( wom5 h become m & m unfitt$ = effici5t home-mak+4 ,( "o fact ,i am c]ta94 ,?+s _c g on z be=e4 ,"h is ! reason4 ,! sup]vision ( ! home & ! ma9t5ance ( any true =m ( family life is n compatible ) ! regul> outside occupation ( m>ri$ wom54 ,su* a duplication ( a woman's en]gies c be und]tak5 only by h] us+ = h]self & h] "w ! res]ve ( physical1 m5tal1 & spiritual en]gy t %\ld be /or$ & giv5 to h] *ildr54 ,to d5y ?is is fooli%ness4 ,are wom5 possess$ ( inexhau/ible /ores ( en]gy8 ,d ! ord9>y rules ( ari?metic & subtraction n hold good 9 _! case8 ,x w\ld seem s4 ,= wom5 are ma9ta9+ t to div]t s l>ge a proportion ( _! en]gies 9 fre% directions w n involve any dim9ution ( ! /r5g? available = _! own affairs4 ,wom5 are oddly bl9d4 ,yet mod]n exp]i5ce makes x daily m evid5t t to d any "w well requires ! employm5t ( "o's :ole "t ) a complete conc5tration ( att5tion4 ,n[ ! woman is r>e :o c put ! be/ ( h]self bo? into pr(essional "w & into h] home4 ,"o or o!r mu/ suff]1 & s9ce ! /&>d requir$ 9 ! outside "w is fix$ & _c1 z a rule1 be l[]$1 if ! position is to be reta9$1 x is ! home t is c]ta9 to suff]4 ,a wife's & a "m's duties _c be accompli%$ 9 /ray h\rs snat*$ f pr(essional "w4 ,i speak f my own exp]i5ce4 ,i "k t ! attempt to d ?is results too (t5 9 failure1 toge!r ) an intol]able ov]/ra94 ,! case is mu* worse ) ! indu/rial work]1 ! conditions ( ^: exi/5ce make any k9d ( home life impossible4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! rem$y8 ,! answ] t w be giv5 by _m is ! rais+ ( wom5's wages to ! same level z ! wages ( m5 & ! improv+ ( ! conditions ( lab\r4 ,?is w d some?+1 b x w n d :at ,i want4 ,conditions t at bottom are cont9u\sly wrong ne$ revolutionis+1 n pat*+ up4 ,! *ange mu/ be a diff]5t "o1 if ! ideal ( ! home = :i* ,i am plead+ is to be sav$4 ,!re is "o way out1 & only "o4 ,! socially wa/eful1 racially suicidal1 & body & s\l )]+ consequ5ces ( ! work+ ( mo!rs outside ! home mu/ cease4 ,i "k well ! difficulties4 ,self-c5tr$ pr(essional wom51 worldly wom5 :o h nev] f\nd _! s\ls1 cultur$ intellectuals *as+ ! new1 dream]s :o ?9k to re=m society--all ^! & _m o!r wom5 are prea*+ ! doctr9e t ! economic indep5d5ce ( woman is ess5tial = h] own well-be+ & equality ) m54 ,?is1 z ,i believe1 is a pr(\nd mi/ake t is dep5d5t on indu/rial values4 ,b on ?is "q ,i h spok5 already1 & ,i %all speak aga9 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,let u cle> our ?\ghts absolutely1 or at lea/ z f> z we humanly c1 f p]sonal /&>ds ( value4 ,! home is n a bygone contrivance to be giv5 up z useless 9 ! m>* ( humanity4 ,ea* home t is e/abli%$ 9 love w burn 9 its *ildr5 an in]adicable impression t no folly f ^? :o h miss$ its protection w be /rong en\gh to de/roy4 ,! dem& t wom5 %all prep>e = competition ) m5 at all co/s w fall into fooli%ness "u wis] conditions ( life4 ,?is mu/ surely be4 ,= wom5's qualities & capacities are diff]5t f ^? ( m54 ,:at is p>am\nt 9 woman is second>y 9 man2 h] dom9ant qualities are n ! same z 81 b diff]5t4 ,& by us+ h] subord9ate qualities1 z %e mu/ d1 9 competition ) man1 %e is up aga9/ ! dom9ant qualities 9 him & w be beat5 by him3 on ! o!r h&1 if woman develops h] dom9ant qualities ) a wise education 9 y\? & aft]w>ds by tra9+ h]self 9 ! "r p]=mance ( h] own "w1 %e _c fail increas+ly to occupy a position ( p[]4 ,& ?is is only ano!r way ( say+ t woman c a*ieve h] highe/ position only z a woman4 ,z a work] %e has at all times & 9 all races occupi$ a second>y place1 z woman %e is ! /ronge/ =ce 9 life4 ,we _c escape f nature1 & no matt] h[ seem+ly urg5t x is = wom5 to tra9 !mselves to act l m5 on acc\nt ( prevail+ economic conditions1 x is always wrong at ! bottom to yield to ^? conditions3 ! results w n fail to br+ evil 9 ! future4 ,let u "k :]e we are go+4 ,w> conditions h ru%$ wom5 =w>d at a rac+ spe$ on ! pa?s :i* _! desire previ\sly _h made !m seek4 ,if aft] ! com+ ( peace ! desire ( wom5 is n turn$ back to family duties & ! home1 if x /ill seems bett] & happi] to !m to d m5's "w ?an to d _! own--!n ! individual home may be swall[$ up & replac$ by "s =m ( communal liv+4 ,?is may be necess>y2 x c nev] be an ideal4 ,& fur!r1 let u rememb] t x w n be a /ep =w>d 9 progress2 r w x be a sign ( failure1 a /ep made necess>y by ! confusion & conflicts ( our indu/rial civilisation4 ,we delude ourselves = want ( k :5 we ?9k t we are ?us advanc+ to some?+ t is new4 ,! long h\ses ( ,iroquois ,indians1 ! jo9t t5em5t h\ses ( ! ,pueblo peoples ( ,new ,mexico & ,arizona1 & ! village communities common among ! ,panang ,highl&]s ( ,sumatra are a few in/ances ( ! _m e>ly exp]im5ts 9 communi/ic life4 ,ev5 ,g>d5 ,suburbs h be5 tri$ by ! ,creek ,indians ( ,georgia1 :]e ! natives live toge!r 9 gr\ps ( associat$ dwell+s4#gc ,did ,i n tell y t _m ( ! re=ms we are seek+ 9 ! belief t !y are new discov]ies1 giv+ pro( ( our progress1 are really worn-out =ms t are z old z mank9d8 ,!y are ev5 old]4 ,i w\ld recall ! curi\s exp]im5ts 9 co-op]ative *ild-re>+ made by ! ,adlie p5gu9s1 not$ 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,^! pre-human p>5ts w\ld seem to be tr\bl$ ) a /rongly develop$ egoism4 ,crav+ lib]ty = play1 !y pool _! families 9 :at ,i may p]haps call 8! primordial co-op]ative nurs]y s*eme0--a plan ( *ild-re>+ mu* advocat$ by advanc$ fem9i/s4 ,among ! p5gu9s ! results are n satisfactory4 ,true1 ! p5gu9 mo!rs h lib]ty to play ) ! p5gu9 fa!rs1 b ! price !reby paid is an excessively high mortality among ! "y birds4#gd ,i recognise t co-op]ative nurs]ies & proposals = free+ mo!rs to "w outside ! home h int]e/ = "s wom51 & consequ5tly h _! use3 !y w help1 no d\bt1 ^? wom5 :o :ile desir+ & physically fit to be> *ildr51 yet h no capacity or wi% to c>e = !m4 ,!re are _m su* wom5 to-day4 ,i reg>d ?is z a great evil4 ,x has be5 left to mod]n intellectual wom5 to fail utt]ly to und]/& ! prim>y value ( ! home4 ,its fir/ s]vice is to imm]se ! *ild 9 a protective environm5t ( its own4 ,i wi% to emphasise ^! five conclud+ words4 ,!y w make cle>] :y ,i believe s firmly 9 ! patri>*al individual family4 ,ea* *ild ne$s to feel 9 p]sonal connection ) its surr\nd+s--t :at is ne>e/ to him belongs to him & is 8 own4 ,& ?is connection c be e/abli%$ only by love1 & ma9ta9$ by a la/+ tradition ( duty on ! "p ( bo? ! p>5ts b\nd to ea* o!r 9 s]vice to ! *ild4 ,x is (t5 object$ t *ildr5 are happi] & heal?i] away f _! p>5ts1 & t no conditions c\ld possibly be worse ?an ^? :i* exi/ 9 c\ntless homes4 ,i "k ?is4 ,b x is no indictm5t aga9/ ! home z an in/itution1 r x is an indictm5t ( ! k9d ( home & ( ! "m & ! fa!r4 ,i c h>dly express too /rongly my own want ( fai? 9 ! exp]t *ild-tra9]4 ,i h f\nd always t !y reg>d ! *ild1 ma9ly1 if n entirely1 z some?+ to be improv$ & in/ruct$ on a def9ite plan4 ,! exp]t is nev] human1 & ! *ild has ne$ ( all ! human elem5t t x c get4 ,x has absolute ne$ ( a "m & ( a fa!r4 ,& x is impossible to be p>5ts 9 ! complete & "r s5se ap>t f ! individual home4 ,all exp]i5ce %[s u t ! home1 ) its sympa!tic relation%ips ( mutual affection1 _c be replac$4 ,we mu/ insi/ on conditions ( society t w make home life possible4 ,! *ild has to accept ! arrangem5ts we make z a sacr$ ?+1 t is :y ?is "q is ( su* imm5se importance4 ,if ! matt] c\ld be fix$ by ! w ( *ildr51 ,i %\ld h no fe>4 ,! *ild has n lo/ ! true values ( life4 ,we h gr[n c>eless ( ! home "u ! blight+ effects ( indu/rialism4 ,& ! problem ( ! *ild is mu* m difficult 9 ! case ( mod]n mo!rs1 :o h few *ildr5 & no /rong traditions--no fix$ /&>d ( *ild tra9+ & ( home life4 ,ea* "m is cont9ually mak+ p]sonal exp]im5ts1 a c\rse ( conduct t is n only h>mful to ! individual *ild1 b "o t mu/ lead to collective confusion4 ,"u su* conditions excessive ard\r may be z dang]\s z neglect4 ,"o ( ! mo/ un=tunate *ildr5 ,i h kn[n 0 an idolis$ only *ild ) mo/ consci5ti\s mod]n p>5ts1 :o kept a record 9 _m l>ge volumes ( its e act & e say+4 ,?is *ild 0 tra9$ out ( *ildhood4 ,!re may be too mu* c>e & att5tion giv5 by ! p>5ts z well z too little4 ,mo!rhood 9 !ory mu* prais$1 poetis$1 & hail$ z a wond]ful ?+1 (t5 9 actual expression is ! /ronge/ det]r5t influ5ce 9 ! life ( ! *ild4 ,! "m _c realise ! "y life t has come f h] life ap>t f h]self4 ,! *ild is too ne> to h]4 ,& x foll[s f ?is t h] in/9ct & h] love are n prim>ily conc]n$ ) ! *ild1 r %e is int]e/$ 9 x *iefly z its "m1 t is1 ! bir?-giv] & possessor ( ! *ild4 ,mo/ mo!rs b9d _! *ildr5 to !m mu* too closely ) an egoi/ic love :i* is ! mo/ poison\s =m ( selfi%ness4 ,!re=e ! "m (t5 is ! real enemy 9 ! home1 ! mo/ self-c5tr$ & cons]vative memb]4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 exceptional mo!rs :o h ! k & ! w to avoid su* dang]2 mo!rs :o z ne$ arises are /rong en\gh ev5 to pu% _! *ildr5 f !m at any p]sonal co/2 :o insi/ on ! fre$om ( ea* *ild1 & see x has ! opportunity to gr[ up h>moni\sly1 unhamp]$ & unspoilt1 & accord+ to its own nature4 ,b su* wise mo!rs to-day are few4 ,& ! av]age "m is l ! h5 ) h] brood1 = ev] frett+ ab\t h] *icks if !y v5ture away f h]4 ,9 su* conduct !re is a t]rible infr+em5t ( ! p]sonal rights ( ! *ild4 ,inde$1 ! "m too (t5 enslaves ) k9dness1 a bondage h>d] to be> & ev5 m difficult to escape f ?an ! brutal fi/ ( a fa!r4 ,n[1 ?is "m-egoism w n be *ang$ easily4 ,x is a quality t rea*es f> back be=e human p>5?ood1 & is in/9ctive & n consci\s4 ,y w recall t ,i ref]r$ to ?is 9 ,*apt] ,,vi1#ge :]e ,i tri$ to f9d an explanation4 ,we saw !n ! mann] 9 :i* ! mat]nal in/9ct 0 fix$ & /r5g!n$4 ,! "m became *ief p>5t1 z soon z ! e>ly /ages ( "m-c>e 7 *ang$ f an ext]nal to an int]nal process4 ,?is /r5g!n$ immeasurably ! relation ( ! "m to ! (fspr+1 :o n[ became an ext5sion ( h] life4 ,be=e1 ! "m's relation to ! family 0 n v diff]5t f ! relation ( ! fa!r1 & 0 dep5d5t on p>5tal sacrifice & ! am\nt ( c>e be/[$4 ,& "o result ( ! *ange 0 a deep5+ ( egoism--( ! self-feel+1 if ,i may s call x--9 ! "m's love1 a quality :i* has a mu* deep] significance t is commonly recognis$4 ,9 my op9ion x is /rong] 9 ! love ( ! "m ?an x ev] is 9 ! love ( ! fa!r4 ,"m-love is n q ! unselfi% ?+ we h be5 accu/om$ to believe4 ,ev5 ! c>e :i* is be/[$ s lavi%ly ^u ! *ild is (t5 b ! outw>d sign ( a self-fuss+ anxiety1 & s]ves no true purpose1 b is a h9drance to ! *ild's heal? & happ9ess4 ,i w\ld emphasise ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! two p>5ts1 a diff]5ce :i* may be m>k$ 9 ! fa!r's attitude to & affection = ! *ild4 ,x seems to me to be ( great importance4 ,x is ! popul> view among wom5 :o are too idle to ?9k--x saves !m ! tr\ble ( detect+ _! own faults--t all good wom5 h an in/9ctive und]/&+ ( a *ild & ( its ne$s4 ,?is is v f> f be+ true4 ,&1 inde$1 !re are good gr\nds = believ+--?\gh ,i own ,i d n l to ackn[l$ge x--t ! fa!r's guidance & sympa?y are ( ev5 great] importance to ! spiritual well-be+ & happ9ess ( ! *ild ?an ! excessive c>e & too-absorb+ love ( ! "m4 ,"h1 !n1 is yet ano!r reason :y we mu/ reg>d ) pr(\nd mi/ru/ ! mod]n movem5t to break away f ! tri$ & fix$ in/itution ( ! patri>*al home4 ,we h se5 aga9 & aga9 9 our exam9ation ( ! pa/ hi/ory ( p>5?ood1 t :]ev] ! fa!r has be5 cut (f f ! family & ! duties 9 c>+ = ! "y1 a det]ioration has foll[$4 ,! developm5t ( ! individual family is mo/ intimately connect$ ) patri>*y4 ,x 0 "u ?is sy/em t ! fa!r's position 9 ! family & 8 "r to 8 *ildr5 7 e/abli%$4 ,nature sees to x t ! tie betwe5 ! "m & ! *ild _c be set aside2 ! case is diff]5t ) ! fa!r1 & 8 position 9 ! family has to be made secure 9 ano!r mann]4 ,we ne$ to rememb] ! degradation ( fa!rhood :i* mu/ be connect$ ) any matri>*al programme4 ,& my own fai? 9 ! patri>*al family-gr\p & ! individual home1 a fai? t has only rec5tly be5 fix$ & made /rong1 is bas$ ^u ?is3 ,i am conv9c$ t x is ! natural &1 inde$1 ! only way ( secur+ ! lov+ c>e ( bo? p>5ts = ! upbr++ ( ! *ildr54 ,9 ^! days ( de/ruction & ( ! pull+ d[n ( b>ri]s1 ! home is expos$ to peculi> dang]4 ,mu*1 incalculably mu*1 dep5ds on wom5's attitude4 ,! mat]nal in/9ct1 or :at ,i w\ld call ! "m-s5se1 has surely lo/ 9 quality4 ,:5 ,i ?9k ab\t ?is1 ,i feel z if ,i w\ld l to f\nd an ord] = mo!rhood4 ,ev]y?+ to be truly done mu/ become a religion4 ,& mo!rhood %\ld h its ritual no less ?an fai?4 ,!re is n a s+le act ( duty 9 ! home & 9 c>e giv5 to ! *ild :i* ! "m may n make into a spiritual ex]cise ( h] s\l4 ,! *ild %\ld be ! "m's creation4 ,%e is ! pott] ) ! p[] to m\ld ! clay1 & %e %\ld "k ! rapture ( ! arti/4 ,i want to br+ back to mo!rhood ! quality x has lo/4 ,! home awaits a fre% inspiration to turn back & hold ! desire ( wom54 ,we h to f9d aga9 ! "r way4 ,if we get our ideal fix$1 x w be translat$ lat] into ! acts ( our life4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,monogam\s ,,m>riage ,,& ,,woman ,! false view ( woman's be+ in/9ctively monogam\s--,! ,adam & ,eve my? & :at x symbolises--,woman's inevitable p[] ov] man--,! beg9n+s ( m>riage--,! mat]nal =m--,! p]sonal relation%ip 9 m>riage dep5d5t on patri>*y--,its advantages 9 fix+ ! fa!r to ! family & ! s]vice ( ! home--,polygamy ! mo/ anci5t =m ( m>riage "u fa!r-"r--,polygamy t5ds to disappe> z social life develops--,monogamy ! p]man5t =m ( m>riage--,its supreme advantage ov] all o!r m>riage =ms--,our pref]5ce = monogamy goes beyond laws & religion--,x is ! be/ way we h yet f\nd ( m5 & wom5 liv+ toge!r--,! /upidity ( pr(ligacy--,false intellectual views ( life & ( "r & wrong--,! sexually ma/]ful lov]--,misuse ( ! ^w love--,! function ( passion--,wom5 reg>d love f a /&po9t ( unreality--,! ,*ri/ian view ( m>riage too mat]iali/ic & too ascetic--,h[ ?is has react$ disa/r\sly on m>riage--,! imm5se di/urb+ p[] ( ! sex emotions--,we ne$ ! limit+ safegu>ds ( legal m>riage--,! ideal ( fai?fulness--,! refix+ ( moral /&>ds4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,monogam\s ,,m>riage ,,& ,,woman 8,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! progress ( a nation is /imulat$ & ! /ability ( society is increas$ by ! mo/ humanis+ ( all in/itutions1 m>riage40--,,walt] ,,heape4 ,x is commonly ass]t$--,i am n sure :e!r x is really believ$--t woman is in/9ctively monogam\s1 :]eas man by 8 sexual nature is b5t t[>ds polygamy4 ,n[1 my exp]i5ce & desire = tru? =ces me to d\bt ! reality ( ?is view4 ,i believe t ! woman's sup]iority 9 ?is matt] ( con/ancy1 ev5 :5 x is pres5t1 is n fundam5tal to ! female "* any m ?an x is fundam5tal to ! "* ( ! male1 &1 inde$1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t x is ! man :o 9 8 desire is m b5t ?an woman t[>ds complete fai?fulness 9 ! sexual p>tn]%ip1 & if x is ! wife :o m (t5 is app>5tly & outw>dly con/ant 9 m>riage ?an ! husb&1 x is because su* conduct is expect$ ( h] & has be5 =c$ ^u h] by ! conv5tions ( h] life4 ,we mu/ see ?+s a little m z !y are4 ,comp>$ ) woman1 man is a comp>atively con/ant creature1 romantic1 & n readily mov$ f 8 love :5 once x is fix$4 ,i am v c]ta9 t ,i am "r 9 ?is4 ,no man leaves a woman till %e s5ds him f h]3 :ile %e wants him1 & lets him feel t %e wants him1 he is h]s4 ,:at is symbolis$ by ! my? repres5t+ ,eve z fir/ eat+ ( ! fruit & !n (f]+ x to ,adam3 ! repres5tation ( ! man 9 subjection to ! woman1 ! b5d+ ( 8 action to h] w ?r\gh 8 ne$ ( h]2 ! active rle be+ "h rightly attribut$ to ! woman :i* man 9 ! bl9dness ( 8 mascul9e conceit has pret5d$ to hold himself3 ?is piece ( symbolism has left deep m>ks ?r\gh\t ! entire hi/ory ( m>riage & is active 9 all ! relation%ips ( ! two sexes4 ,maybe woman is :at man has made h]2 b ?is is an outside ?+1 a social tag1 hav+ ref]5ce only to h] position 9 ! _w4 ,man has n t\*$ woman's s\l4 ,he _c4 ,!re are _m ?+s :i* a man mu/ le>n t woman kn[s f ! beg9n+4 ,to love is "o ( !m4 ,woman tea*es man t1 & he does n le>n easily4 ,& x is 9 ^! trials1 ^! ef=ts ( 8 to f9d himself1 t woman contributes 9 s great a measure to ! mak+ or ! m>r+1 ( ! man4 ,! s\l ( a man passes f ! holl[ ( "o woman's h& to ! holl[ ( ano!r's4 ,he loves fir/ t ext5sion ( himself call$ 8"m10 & f h] he passes on to o!r less individualis$ relation%ips4 ,& ea* woman1 ) cruel h&s or ) k9d1 presses deep ! impr9t ( h] hold ^u 8 pla/ic clay4 ,yes1 x is wom5 :o m\ld ! lives ( m5 z x is wom5 :o give !m bir?4 ,x is /rangely difficult to induce 9 good wom5 to-day a practical und]/&+ ( _! almo/ limitless p[] ov] m54 ,ea* woman is able to create p]petually 9 ! man %e loves ! qualities %e desires2 a p[] inf9itely great]1 z ,i believe1 ?an c be ev] ga9$ ?r\gh individual self-ass]tion4 ,& if woman feels ?is p[] ( be+ ! s\rce ( creat+ en]gy to man 7& x belongs to all wom51 al?\gh _m ( !m h lo/ ! consci\sness ( _! gift71 ?is k is ! v c5tre ( h] be+1 ! flame :i* fe$s life2 & %e is int5sely & supremely happy j 9 s f> z %e is /eep$ 9 sacrifice4 ,i d n hope1 h[ev]1 to conv9ce any woman :o does n "k )9 h]self already ! gladness ( ?is s]vice to man1 & ,i div]ge a little f my ma9 subject 9 mak+ ^! rem>ks4 ,a glance back at ! beg9n+s ( m>riage %\ld tea* wom5 a little mode/y1 = !re we see t ! wife's con/ancy 0 directly dep5d5t on ! conditions ( h] m>riage4 ,"u ! mat]nal =m1 :]e ! husb& liv$ 9 ! home ( ! wife1 h] sexual lib]ty 0 9 _m cases great] ?an 84 ,& !re is abundant pro( t full advantage 0 tak5 bo? by unm>ri$ & m>ri$ wom5 ( su* fre$om :]ev] x 0 all[$4#gf ,woman is n in/9ctively incl9$ to virtue4 ,& an inh]5t desire t[>ds fai?fulness 9 m>riage has n1 ,i am c]ta91 always act$ m /rongly 9 wom5 ?an x has 9 m52 inde$1 ,i am n sure t ! opposite is n true4 ,! developm5t ( ! p]sonal relation%ip 9 m>riage is intimately dep5d5t on patri>*y4 ,aga9 ,i am compell$ to ass]t ?is tru?4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( pat]nity z a work+ & ackn[l$g$ fact 0 comp>atively a late a*ievem5t4 ,"u ! conditions ( ! mat]nal clan1 ! family 0 incomplete2 x consi/$ only ( ! "m & *ildr54 ,?is 0 n a natural condition1 & !re=e 0 n p]man5t4 ,! new /age 0 u%]$ 9 by :at may p]haps be call$ 8! social annunciation ( pat]nity40 ,& ?is l$ ev5tually to ! e/abli%m5t ( m>riage 9 ! =m 9 :i* we und]/& x to-day4 ,n[ = ! fir/ "t ! home 0 firmly f\nd$4 ,! fa!r 0 ! head ( ! dome/ic he>?3 he 0 ! prie/ ( sacrifice at ! dome/ic alt>4 ,8 ance/ors 7 pres5t 9 ! _s & all ! memb]s ( ! family hon\r$ !m4 ,& 9 _! pres5ce no?+ unclean 0 tol]at$4 ,! wife at ! mom5t :51 z a bride1 %e cross$ ! ?re%old ( ! home1 or 0 c>ri$ across x1 gave up h] own k9dr$ & h] own gods4 ,h] husb&'s home 0 n[ h] home1 8 gods 7 h] gods4#gg ,s /rong an insi/5ce has be5 made on ! evils ( ! wife's subjection to ! husb&1 :i* arose "u ?is sy/em ( m>riage1 t we h lo/ sight ( ! endur+ b5efits t f ! beg9n+ to ! end mu/ be connect$ ) x4 ,!re is mu* nons5se talk$ & writt5 ab\t ! patri>*al home4 ,its conditions & rules 7 sl[ly e/abli%$ = ! workable happ9ess ( all its memb]s1 n1 z is too (t5 assum$1 arbitr>ily impos$ by ! w ( m54 ,! duties ( ! husb& & ! wife 7 regulat$ by tradition1 & all ! s]vice 9 ! home 0 a holy s]vice4 ,by fix+ ! fa!r to ! family & secur+ 8 protection & toil = ! *ildr5 a future /ability z well z full] happ9ess 0 made possible4 ,i d n see t ?is advantage c\ld h be5 ga9$1 or c n[ be ma9ta9$1 "u any o!r =m ( m>riage4 ,nature h]self seems to condemn man 9 8 capacity z fa!r4 ,s delicate is ! bond :i* b9ds him to ! *ild comp>$ ) ! bond :i* b9ds ! "m1 s readily c he be pu%$ outside ! circle ( ! family1 :]e1 z a memb] ap>t1 he w inevitably seek 8 own int]e/s & pleasure4 ,! mo/ anci5t =m ( m>riage "u fa!r-"r 0 polygamy4 ,wives & *ildr5 7 a s\rce ( weal? 9 primitive communities4 ,z a rule !re 0 a pr9cipal wife = ! procreation ( legitimate *ildr51 b 9 addition a weal?y man _h sev]al subord9ate wives or concub9es4 ,polygamy has always be5 dep5d5t on ! possession ( prop]ty4 ,! position ( ea* wife & t ( h] *ildr5 0 fix$ by cu/om1 sometimes en=c$ by law2 9 no case 0 a man free f obligations 9 reg>d to any woman :o _h 8be5 to him z a wife02 ev5 an unfruitful & *ildless woman c\ld n be ca/ aside )\t provision be+ made = h]4 ,x is important to rememb] ?is4 ,h[ev] di/a/eful ! idea ( legalis$ polygamy mu/ be1 & ,i believe x is di/a/eful to ! majority ( wom5 & m5 7& ?is n f e?ical reasons1 b on acc\nt ( deep & in/9ctive desires71 x is c]ta9 t an op5 recognition ( unions outside ( m>riage does prev5t an escape f sexual responsibility on ! "p ( m54 ,i %all consid] ?is "q 9 full] detail 9 a lat] *apt]1#gh j n[ we are conc]n$ ) ! developm5t ( m>riage4 ,out ( ?is patri>*al polygamy monogamic m>riage gradually arose4 ,! long upw>d process by :i* ! *ange 0 accompli%$ _c be /at$ "h4 ,"o factor ,i w\ld emphasise1 z its =ce has nev]1 ,i ?9k1 be5 suffici5tly recognis$4 ,polygamy t5ds to disappe> ) ! developm5t ( ! conception ( fa!rhood4 ,z ,i h ass]t$ already1 ! *ild is b\nd to its "m & belongs to h] :atev] ! =m ( m>riage1 b ! same =ce does n act 9 ! case ( ! fa!r4 ,! *ild belongs to him mu* m closely "u monogamy ?an "u polygamy or any o!r =m ( m>riage4 ,n[ m5 d want ! possession ( _! *ildr54 ,?us a desire to h _m *ildr5 by sev]al wives gives place to ! desire to h a clos] connection ) few] *ildr5 born ( "o lov$ wife4 ,z ! m>riage relations become m firmly e/abli%$ ! p>tn]s 9 ea* union are held m closely to ea* o!r & to _! *ildr51 & are pl$g$ to great] purity ( life4 ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 _m causes t contribut$ to ?is result4 ,*a/ity1 fir/ impos$ ^u ! wife because %e 0 ! prop]ty ( h] husb& & might transgress ?is rule only ) 8 p]mission1 came 9 "t to b9d m51 ?\gh = a diff]5t reason4 ,= ! limits set to ! sexual fre$om ( wom5 act$ also on !m1 s9ce !y 7 ?us depriv$ ( ! means ( obta9+ wom5 = !mselves1 )\t violat+ ! rights ( o!r m54 ,9 ?is & o!r ways we f9d t polygamy 0 ?reat5$ on _m sides4 ,z an accept$ & legalis$ =m ( m>riage x t5ds to disappe> ) ! conditions "u :i* social life is develop$4 ,l ! mat]nal m>riage1 & o!r primitive exp]im5ts 9 sexual associations1 polygamy is n a =m ( m>riage t c be reg>d$ z a p]man5t expression ( ! m>riage law3 t is1 x is exp]im5tal & suitable to special conditions2 x is n a f9al =m1 gr[+ up by cu/om f e>li] practices1 or "o :i* /rives = ma/]y & w n tol]ate o!r co-exi/5t =ms4 ,on ! o!r h&1 monogamy has always be5 *>act]is$ by ! /ronge/ self-ass]tion1 & f ! e>lie/ times we f9d x triumph+1 & m & m seek+ to exclude o!r =ms ( m>riage4 ,^! facts ( ! pa/ hi/ory ( m>riage ne$ to be consid]$ by ^? :o seek to br+ discr$it on monogam\s m>riage4 ,v>i\s re=m]s1 too fright5$ly conc]n$ ) ! pres5t %ortage ( m51 increas+ z x w enorm\sly ! disproportion betwe5 ! numb] ( ! two sexes1 h jump$ to ! conclusion t polygamy is likely to be legalis$ 9 ! ne> future4 ,i d n believe x4 ,at lea/1 x w n be polygamy "u ! =m we h kn[n x 9 ! pa/4 ,polygamy has always be5 connect$ ) ! prop]ty value ( woman & is dep5d5t ^u weal?4 ,= ?is reason1 ev5 if = no o!r1 polygamy w n replace monogam\s m>riages4 ,su* a m>riage sy/em c\ld n be support$ by w>-impov]i%$ c\ntries4 ,! rem$y mu/ be a diff]5t "o1 z pres5tly ,i %all %[4 ,!re is a /range idea among "s p t sexual happ9ess c be ga9$ by break+ away f ! traditional bonds2 x is ! visible sign ( our confusion z a p & ! want ( happ9ess 9 our lives4 ,we %\ld n set at naught ! exp]i5ce ( ! ages4 ,polygamy is an in/itution :i* 9 ! gr[? ( civilisation belongs only to primitive or non-progressive /ates4 ,no race or nation has ev] ris5 to front rank1 or ev5 second>y rank1 "u ?is m>riage sy/em4 ,our pref]5ce = monogamy goes beyond laws & religions4 ,x is t deeply root$ ?+--a matt] ( racial exp]i5ce & desire4 ,x is ! be/ way t we h yet f\nd ( m5 & wom5 liv+ toge!r4 ,! individual h\sehold1 :]e bo? p>5ts %>e 9 ! common int]e/ ( br++ up ! *ildr51 is ! f\ndation on :i* monogamy has be5 built up & on :i* x mu/ /&4 ,if ! conditions ( ! home are s]i\sly *ang$1 & ! duty ( provid+ & c>+ = ! *ildr5 is tak5 out ( ! h&s ( ei!r or ( bo? p>5ts1 a *ange 9 m>riage practice w foll[4 ,i d n ?9k y c hold ! "o if y let ! o!r g4 ,= ,we/]m>ck is "r1 & *ildr5 %\ld n be reg>d$ z ! result ( m>riage1 b r m>riage is ! result ( *ildr54 ,& love betwe5 p>5ts implies duties & sorr[s on ea* side2 )\t ?is1 love1 ev5 ( ! mo/ passionate k9d1 loses its quality & t5ds to become an ephem]al or ev5 a corrupt ?+4 ,!re is mu* /upidity 9 ! view ( _m re=m]s ( m>riage :o fail to see t1 h[ev] h>d x is to live fai?fully z man & wife1 ! monogamic ideal ( m>riage does s appeal to our emotional nature1 t m5 & wom5 are s]i\sly unhappy 9 try+ to de/roy x4 ,=tunately x is easi] to talk ( 8love's fre$om0 ?an x is to act z if x ev] c\ld be free4 ,9 spite ( :at advanc$ p say1 "s feel+ ( duty w always exi/ z long z x at all hurts u to hurt o!rs4 ,! immorality t says1 8,d :at y desire irrespective ( o!rs10 is z yet beyond mo/ ( u4 ,attempts to solve ^! problems quickly are b\nd to fail4 ,intellectual revolutioni/s are1 ,i ?9k1 too hopeful ) reg>d to :at may be done to produce a h>mony ( sexual ne$s4 ,! optimism t once prevail$ 9 economics is be+ trans=m$ to sexual matt]s4 ,once p suppos$ t if e "o foll[$ 8 own int]e/s1 a h>mony w\ld automatically e/abli% itself 9 ! economy ( society4 ,n[ !y t5d to say ! same ab\t sex4 ,!y put =w>d _m solutions1 b !y d n z a rule make use ( ^! solutions1 ev5 :5 !y c\ld1 9 _! own lives4 ,!y say :at !y d n believe1 ei!r ) consci\s ins9c]ity1 or because !y are ignorant ( life & are us$ to try+ to get effects ) words4 ,intellectual views ( life & ( :at is "r & wrong always t5d to break p into gr\ps1 ea* /ruggl+ to expla9 ev]y?+ accord+ to "o !ory1 built on a s+le pr9ciple4 ,& z ! result ( c>+ s mu* = "o ?+ p seem q unable to grasp any facts t d n ref] to _! own "o p>ticul> re=m1 !y are n ev5 able to consid] x z "p ( a _w 9 :i* !re is any?+ else4 ,all ! evil 9 m>riage is due to too l>ge families & population press+ on ! food supply1 we are told by "o class ( en?usia/s1 :ile o!rs po9t to m5's tyranny ov] wom54 ,votes = wom5 w\ld h a magical effect3 m5 are all bad1 say "s4 ,! fa!r is a p>asite1 unnecess>y except = 8 %>e 9 begett+ ! *ild2 ! "m is ! "o p>5t4 ,all w\ld be well if legal m>riage 7 aboli%$ & mo!rhood made free1 is ! view common among "o class ( re=m]s4 ,eug5ical bre$+ & ! /]ilisation ( ! unfit is ! rem$y br\ght =w>d by o!rs4 ,_m sugge/ economic *anges & ! end[m5t ( mo!rhood4 ,b ! matt] is n s simple z ^! re=m]s seem to believe4 ,& ,i d\bt if any outw>d *ange is really capable ( produc+ ! prompt k9d ( p5ny-9-!-slot results t its support]s claim t x c4 ,! complexity ( m>riage1 9 p>ticul>1 ! occurr5ce ( sexual di%>monies s pres5t & active = mis]y to-day1 are ignor$ by all intellectual re=m]s4 ,x is because !y h no emotional hold ( life z a :ole t !y f9d x easy to squeeze all life into _! magic !ories4 ,= myself ,i c see no sure rem$y3 & 7 ,i ask$ to /ate "o1 ,i c\ld say only3 8,a few ?\s& ye>s m ( developm5t3 a gr[? t[>ds consci\sness & a full] und]/&+ ( ! mean+ ( life40 ,m>riage is n a matt] ( ab/ract pr9ciples3 x w always be difficult4 ,if x is any?+ t c be /at$1 x is a social practice1 pres]v+ unity & ord] among/ ^? :o f9d ^! qualities ( s]vice 9 ! art ( liv+4 ,we %\ld humble ourselves to accept ! lessons ( life1 !n we %\ld be m c>eful ( simple human ne$s4 ,a v slight k ( exi/+ m>riages is suffici5t to conv9ce ev5 ! mo/ optimi/ic believ] t true mat+ is h>d4 ,i d n believe t mo/ m>riages are unhappy1 b ,i d "k t only ! v few are happy4 ,) _m p>tn]s1 & ev5 ^? :o are passionate lov]s1 ! attraction ( sex always seems to fall %ort ( its end2 x draws ! two toge!r 9 a mom5t>y self-=getfulness1 b = ! re/ x seems r to wid5 _! sep>at5ess2 !y are secret to "o ano!r 9 ev]y?+1 unit$ only 9 ! sexual embrace4 ,& ! man :o has n f\nd 8 way already to ! s\l ( a woman by "s o!r means1 w n d s ?r\gh ! *annels ( sex4 ,= a woman wants to be lov$ = :at %e is1 n = :at ! man wants f h]4 ,& = ?is reason ^? m5 :o h 9 !m no faculty = fri5d%ip w be likely always to meet ) coldness on ! "p ( _! wives 9 response to _! cont9u$ ard\r4 ,su* m5 d n und]/& t despite all _! sexual pron5ess !y are psy*ologically impot5t4 ,! ^w love is us$ 9 s g5]al & indiscrim9ate a way to d5ote sometimes ! mo/ transitory impulse1 & sometimes ! mo/ intimate & pr(\nd feel+1 t a mass ( misund]/&+ arises4 ,love comes f ! s5ses z well z f ! s\l1 & ! "o emotion (t5 is mi/ak5 = ! o!r4 ,& :at ?is s]ves to br+ home to u is ! dualism inh]5t 9 ! m>riages ( a civilis$ age1 9 :i* ! elem5t ( sexual ma/]fulness1 be+ a natural expression ( mascul9ity1 is un9t5tionally active1 a survival ( v primitive in/9cts1 :i* to-day /ruggle = ma/]y ) new] emotions & sympa?y1 fl>+ up 9 a late expression to ju/ify ! ne$ = sexual contra/4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v necess>y = me to gu>d aga9/ my mean+ be+ mi/ak51 9 case ,i %\ld be ?\ght to be support+ ! view t m5 are less capable ?an wom5 are ( unselfi% love1 & feel only passion4 ,i d n und]/& su* a di/9ction4 ,possibly x is true t affection c exi/ )\t passion1 ?\gh if by 8passion0 sex-feel+ is meant1 x c]ta9ly is n true2 & assur$ly passion is ! great & important "p ( love--nay1 r1 x is ,love itself4 ,! tru? is ?is3 ,wom5 h be5 taught = g5]ations to look on love f a /&po9t ( unreality1 & :5 9 m>riage !y are =c$ to face "s great fact 9 life1 !y are %ock$ & disillusion$4 ,x is useless = wom5 to g on act+ z if sex desire 0 some?+ ( :i* nice p ought to be a%am$4 ,m>riage is really a contract 9 :i* ! woman und]takes c]ta9 sexual duties z well z ! man1 & ! woman has ! advantage1 = %e possesses all t ! man mo/ wants4 ,we may n safely ask too mu* or too little f m>riage or take too high or too l[ a view ( x4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian view ( ! nature ( m>riage is at once too mat]iali/ic & too ascetic4 ,! anci5t _w look$ on m>riage z a religi\s duty4 8,to be mo!rs 7 wom5 creat$1 & to be fa!rs m540 ,*ri/ianity p]mitt$ m>riage1 b only z a necess>y evil aga9/ ! temptations ( lu/4 8,x is bett] to m>ry ?an to burn40 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 a long pa/ /ory4 ,b su* hateful view ( m>riage has left 9 e ,*ri/ian l& an inh]itance ( evil4 ,! sexual life 0 consid]$ impure & a concession to ! l[] nature 9 man2 true purity ( life 0 to be atta9$ only 9 celibacy4 ,small wond] t m>riage1 ?us reg>d$ z an escape f worse evil & a cov] to laxity ( sexual conduct1 is (t5 s immoral4 ,we see at once t ! ma9 evil ( ?is gross misund]/&+ ( love mu/ h fall5 ^u wom54 ,! woman 0 !re j to keep ! man 9 condition & f s94 ,i c h>dly ov]-e/imate ! disa/r\s consequ5ces bo? to m>riage & to wom5 ( ?is unholy view ( ! sexual relation%ip4 ,! false glorification ( asceticism1 :i* d5ies ! true nature ( m>riage :ile at ! same "t pr(ess$ly reg>d+ m>riage z a sacram5t1 has involv$ a correspond+ & unheal?y classify+ ( love into high] & l[]1 ! spiritual & ! physical2 & ! action ( ?is d\ble /&>d 9 ! sexual life has l$1 on ! "o side1 to ! sett+ up ( a !oretical ideal ( conduct :i*1 z few are able to foll[ x1 t5ds to become an empty =m1 & ?is1 on ! o!r side1 has l$ to a hidd5 laxity1 )9 m>riage & outside x4 ,i h emphasis$ ?is "q ( ! unholy ascetic view ( m>riage because ( its unspeakable evil1 n only = wom51 b = ! wa/e x entails to ! race4 ,x is ! basis ( mo/ ( ! failures & diseases 9 our sexual life4 ,z y "k1 our moral & religi\s sy/ems reg>d ! body z ! prison ( ! s\l1 & pay consequ5tly no att5tion :atev] to ! body f ! moral po9t ( view4 ,i desire a reg5]ation ( all ! in/9cts ( ! body ?r\gh consci\sness4 ,i desire ?is mu* m = ! heal? & happ9ess ( wom5 !mselves ?an ,i d = ! enjoym5t ( m54 ,b x is n go+ to be easy4 ,! education ( ! s5ses is q a new ?+1 & x is n ev5 all[$ to mo/ wom5 to possess !m4 ,! pr9ciple ( 8re-discov]y0 w h to be begun4 ,we mu/ tea* woman t %e wants love = h]self2 ! man mu/ n claim x f h] z a "r he has b\ght by m>riage4 ,mo/ wom5 & "s m5 d n realise 7at lea/1 !y d n op5ly ackn[l$ge7 ! imm5se di/urb+ p[] ( sex & ! claims ! sexual life makes at "s "t on u all4 ,to he> _m p talk y w\ld ?9k x 7 possible to free ourselves at w ( all ^? tr\bles & prejudices ( sex t are our h]itage f an unc\ntable pa/4 ,love is some?+ fi]c] ?an h&-hold+ 9 ! d>kness ( ! c9ema1 or moon-gaz+ 9 ! p>ks4 ,9 fe> we try to keep ! bl9ds d[n s t love may be dec5tly obscur$4 ,yet h[ c we ev] beg9 to und]/& & deal ) ^! problems ( sex unless we w admit all ! in/9cts & t5d5cies :i* ev] lead u backw>ds to ! m elem5tal phases ( life8 ,! deepe/ ( ! emotions is sex1 & its action1 l all ! emotions t are fundam5tal1 may be trac$ into a ?\s& bye-pa?s ( ! ord9>y exp]i5ce ( ea* ( u2 x ex]cises its influ5ce on e p]iod ( our developm5t1 & works subconsci\sly to control our actions 9 endless ways t we refuse to ackn[l$ge4 ,h5ce ! conflicts :i* manife/ !mselves s /rangely & s fi]cely 9 our lives4 ,! emotional self refuses at times to be controll$ by ! reason self4 ,re/ra9t _c d mu*1 & inde$1 (t5 br+s deep] evil4 ,= our unconsci\s selves are /rong] ?an all ! pret5ces we h set up by our consci\s wills1 ei!r z individuals to enc\rage our own deceit or collectively z a nation 9 ! hope ( controll+ conduct4 ,?is is :y s mu* t is said to-day ab\t sexual conduct is s fooli%4 ,! real "q is n :at p ought to d1 b :at !y actually d & want to d1 &1 !re=e1 are likely to g on do+4 ,x is ^! facts t ! re=m]s ( m>riage almo/ always fail to face4 ,hav+ said ?is mu*1 y w readily und]/& :y ,i reg>d z necess>y = ! morality ( m>riage "s public recognition ( ! relation%ip1 & "s accept$ /&>d ( conduct 9 x4 ,we _c1 rememb]+ ! inh]5t defectiv5ess ( our wills1 safely hesitate & exp]im5t 9 ! lib]ties we c all[ & ! limits we mu/ set to a =ce s /rong z sexual love4 ,/ill less c we all[ to be done 9 secret & 9 %ameful d>kness ?+s t we w n face 9 ! light4 ,! unregulat$ union 9 any =m does n seem to me to be practicable4 ,our sexual relation%ips are1 or ought to be1 s h$g$ ab\t by duties1 obligations1 & consequ5ces1 t sexual conduct c nev] be consid]$ z a p]sonal "q1 & any society t p]mits su* a view1 :e!r op5ly ackn[l$g$ or secretly accept$1 op5s ! way to real immorality & great unhapp9ess4 ,n all :o cry 8,x is useless10 c d )\t ! limit+ safegu>ds ( legal m>riage4 ,we /ill feel ! s]p5t's /+ ( jeal\sy1 & ! old que/ions1 8,:]e d y come f80 8,:at h y be5 do+ to-night80 8,:o h&l$ y\r body till daytime1 :ile ,i wat*$ & wept80 8,9 :at b$ did y lie & :om did y gladd5 ) y\r smile80 are /ill felt 9 ! he>t1 ev5 if n utt]$ by ! lips1 ( ! mo/ advanc$ & emancipat$ husb&s & wives4 ,= (t5 we are =c$ into acts ov] :i* reason has no control4 ,& our sex judgm5ts are n m]ely moral1 n j que/ions ( und]/&+ & =giv+1 b also physical que/ions ( ! n]ves1 ( ! blood1 ( ! fi]ce/ in/9ct4 ,& m>riage1 ,i say1 ! old patri>*al m>riage t ! advanc$ p & ! ideali/s alike sc(f at1 is necess>y = mo/ ( u--x does ?r\gh its *eck+ influ5ce help u1 &1 by sett+ cle> limits & prescrib+ a fix$ code ( conduct1 x c]ta9ly h9d]s1 if x _c de/roy1 irregul> manife/ations ( love4 ,moreov] x does1 by its ideal ( fai?fulness & duty to "o mate1 turn ! imag9ation to desire fidelity4 ,x is n s mu* t we c\ld n love o!rs1 b t we %all n want to d s4 ,our desire is ! fir/ necessity3 all else w foll[4 ,x is ! se$ ( ev]y?+ t c gr[ up 9 m>riage3 x is ! true magic p[]4 ,& ?is desire is always active1 e real m>riage is a cont9ual r5ew+ ( int]e/ ?r\gh love1 &1 if ! p>tn]s are n int]e/$ 9 ea* o!r1 !y w seek = some?+ else4 ,if we try to be fai?ful to "o ano!r 9 m>riage1 in/ead ( outside ( x1 !re w be = mo/ ( u a great] *ance ( endur+ happ9ess ?an is likely "u conditions :]e ea* individual c\ple sets up a /&>d ( sexual conduct = !mselves4 ,our m9ds to-day are c]ta9ly 9 conflict1 &1 9 my op9ion1 x w be impossible to make mu* *ange 9 all t is wrong )\t ! refix+ ( moral /&>ds4 ,!re is no k9d ( unity 9 our desires3 we d n "k :at we want4 ,we h brok5 d[n )\t build+ up4 ,& :5 traditional rules = conduct are abs5t !re mu/ be confusion4 ,= ! exi/5ce ( _m /&>ds1 ea* ) its own !ory ( :at is good1 is an evil :i* op5s a cle> way = lic5se & unhapp9ess4 ,z ,i h tri$ to %[1 ! two great faults ( ! mod]n re=m movem5ts connect$ ) m>riage & sexual conduct are _! in/ability & ext]nality4 ,^! faults are ! direct result ( too mu* intellectualism & too mu* individualism4 ,we h gone a/ray because we h ?\ght *iefly ( our own imm$iate wants & be5 ov] eag] = exp]i5ce1 )\t consid]+ :at ! result ( our action mu/ be to o!rs 9 ! future4 ,we h _h no cle> vision ( evil & good4 ,i feel almo/ t a mi/ak5 vision--s long z x 0 a vision common to u all--w\ld be bett] ?an no vision at all1 :i* really is ! result :5 ea* "o ( u gazes at our own p>ticul> />4 ,?is has be5 ! bla/+ mod]n disease4 ,& our inability to set up pla9 /&>ds ( "r & wrong1 ) no ideals to /rive aft]1 has left vacant room = false ideals4 ,= ,i hold t ! broad direction ( our conduct foll[s /raight f our fai?4 ,to believe 9 m>riage is to want to d "r 9 m>riage4 ,!n d we fail1 & our own union comes to disa/]1 x w be a p]sonal failure1 n a collective failure2 we %all blame ourselves1 n ! in/itution ( m>riage4 ,& to h ?is fai? 9 m>riage z a p--n z a law impos$ ^u u1 b a necess>y b9d+ t we accept ( our own wills--w br+ u aga9 to be unifi$ by a compreh5d+ idea3 an ideal ( purpose & duty to "o ano!r & among u all 9 our sexual conduct1 & 9 ?is way we %all be help$ 9 "r-do+4 ,c>ri$ onw>ds by a rul+ motive1 we %all f9d unity ( desire1 ) its value to life ( an absolute /&>d4 ,x is = ?is reason ,i c>e s deeply t ! monogamic ideal ( m>riage--! liv+ fai?fully to "o mate 9 ?\ght & de$--%\ld be held sacr$ by u all3 held sacr$1 h[ev] greatly we may fail z individuals to atta9 to ?is ideal4 ,our failures 9 fai?ful liv+ may br+ disa/] to ourselves4 ,b ! in/itution ( m>riage c be hurt mu* m by ! fad+ & loss ( our belief 9 ! duty ( fai?fulness4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,x ,,monogam\s ,,m>riage ,,& ,,woman3 ,a ,,cont9uation ,,( ,,! ,,previ\s ,,*apt]1 ,,) ,,"s ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,"* ,,( ,,woman ,"s m5 & wom5 unfitt$ = fai?ful mat+--,! en=c$ cont9uance ( an unreal m>riage--,?is leads to immorality--,! real controll+ p[] 9 m>riage is our desire--,! ne$ = hon\rable divorce--,! immorality pres5t 9 _m m>riages--,we accept monogamy b tol]ate hidd5 extra-conjugal relation%ips--,?is worse ?an regulat$ polygamy--,! necessity ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 sex passion & ! desire = a *ild--,all wom5 d n want to be mo!rs--,! s9s t foll[ ! b9d+ ( su* wom5 9 ! bonds ( monogam\s m>riage--,! *ild born aga9/ ! w ( its "m--,a contra/ betwe5 two types ( wom5--,! sir5 woman & ! mat]nal woman--,an attempt to expla9 su* diff]5ce--,! pleasure factor 9 sex--,our ignorance 9 all matt]s relat+ to sex--,an in/ance ( ! sir5 type ( woman z a "m4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,monogam\s ,,m>riage ,,& ,,woman3 ,a ,,cont9uation ,,( ,,! ,,previ\s ,,*apt]1 ,,) ,,"s ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,"* ,,( ,,woman 8,t ! fir/ decade ( ! *ild life ( all mank9d age aft] age passes cont9u\sly ?r\gh ! h&s ( woman seem$ to him "o ( ! mo/ significant facts 9 ! :ole range ( human affairs40--,life & ,lett]s ( ,edw>d ,?r+4 ,i tru/ f :at ,i h said already on m>riage 9 ! previ\s *apt] t two ?+s h be5 made pla93 on ! "o side1 my own /rong fai? 9 monogam\s m>riage z ! mo/ practical & happie/ =m ( association = ! great majority ( wom5 & m52 & my fur!r op9ion t sexual relation%ips mu/ be regulat$ by law4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 deeply consci\s ( ! ignom9i\s conditions ( _m m>riages1 & ?us1 on ! o!r side1 ,i am =c$ to ! op9ion t = ! :ole ( sexual conduct !re _c safely be "o only rule4 ,i "k well !re w always be exceptions3 m5 & also wom5 :o are unfitt$ = fai?ful mat+4 ,x is ?is fact we d n face t makes ! problem s difficult to solve at all & to solve completely impossible4 ,reg>d+ companion%ip z ess5tial 9 any true union1 ! re=m mo/ likely to produce a balance ( good 9 m>riage is su* an alt]ation 9 ! basis ( m>riage & increas$ spirituality 9 ! way ( conceiv+ x z w make incompatibility ( temp]am5t1 result+ 9 inability to ma9ta9 companion%ip1 ju/ify hon\rable divorce4 ,to consid] sexual infidelity z ! only valid gr\nd = divorce is to take a limit$ & wrong view ( m>riage4 ,spiritual unfai?fulness may be a f> great] s91 & "o br++ mu* deep] unhapp9ess 9 m>riage1 ?an sexual unfai?fulness4 ,x may seem t ?is view is a contradiction ( :at ,i h said ( ! endur+ "* ( m>riage4 ,i d n ?9k s4 ,no m>riage t %\ld be ma9ta9$ w ev] be brok5 by mak+ divorce easy4 ,x w add no?+ to ! sanctity ( m>riage to =ce ^? :o are really unmat$ to rema9 mat$ by law4 ,"o m>vels at ! folly ( su* a view4 ,i want p to ent] into m>riage & to rema9 9 x1 because !y want to be !re1 n because !y are =c$4#gi ,= ,i d believe t ! great majority ( wom5 & m5 d really desire to live fai?fully ) "o mate4 ,divid$ allegiance is possible only :]e love is ( a slight "*4 ,if x is absorb+ x _c be diffuse1 & ! m diffuse x is ! less ! p>tn]s 9 su* a union w be able to give or take f "o ano!r4 ,x is impossible to be lov]s & p>tn]s 9 ! fulle/ & mo/ human s5se 9 sev]al unions4 ,! real controll+ p[] 9 m>riage is our desire1 ?\gh our acts may be1 & usually are1 direct$ z well by habit & tradition--a sort ( consci5ce & feel+ = ! judgm5t ( o!rs4 ,& divorce c nev] be easy :ile x at all hurts u to hurt "o ano!r4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 reaffirm my op9ion t sexual relation%ips1 :e!r )9 m>riage or outside ( x1 :e!r legal or free1 c nev] safely be unregulat$1 & w always be a difficult exp]im5t4 ,& exp]i5ce has =c$ on me ! k t ! mo/ passionate union is (t5 ! "o mo/ likely to end 9 disa/]4 ,= ,buckle is n f> f "r :5 he says we accumulate k1 b d n progress 9 morals1 :i* dep5d on ! unalt]$ he>t ( man4 ,"s *>act]s are manife/ly & ess5tially unfai?ful1 self-seek+1 & reg>dless ( ! happ9ess ( o!rs 9 love & 9 all ! affairs ( life4 ,o!rs aga9 act unfai?fully ?r\gh weakness or ha/e1 or ?r\gh ! mis=tune ( circum/ances4 ,! mi/ake ) _m ( ^! p is t !y ev] b9d !mselves 9 p]man5t unions4 ,we %\ld n condemn or deal h>%ly ) !m1 = by s do+ we drive !m to und]take obligations :i* !y d n1 because !y _c1 fulfil4 ,9 my op9ion1 x is fooli%ness to pret5d t = ! :ole ( sexual conduct !re c ev] be "o fix$ rule4 ,we %all h m morality1 n less1 if we accept ?is4 ,x is = ?is reason t ,i am altoge!r p]suad$ ( ! ne$ ( mu* great] facilities ( divorce ?an exi/ at pres5t3 divorce on ! gr\nd ( mutual cons5t1 & bas$ on inability ?r\gh any cause to ma9ta9 true p>tn]%ip 9 m>riage4 ,!re are "s m5 & also wom5 unsuit$ = m>riage & q undesirable z life-p>tn]s2 !y are n1 h[ev]1 undesirable because ( ! legal bond1 b because ( c]ta9 qualities :i* z individuals !y possess4 ,& ?is wid] facility ( divorce w\ld d v mu* to less5 individual h>d%ips1 & moreov] x w\ld cleanse1 9 a way n suffici5tly recognis$1 ! immorality :i* is pres5t 9 _m unions4 ,m>riage1 ) its fix$ duties & ! re/rictions x does impose1 9 p>ticul>1 ^u ! woman1 w always appe> to "s a bondage f :i* !y w seek ! quicke/ way ( escape4 ,if no hon\rable way is all[$ to !m1 !y w take a di%on\rable c\rse4 ,?is may be deplor$1 x _c 7at any rate "u exi/+ conditions ( "* & public op9ion7 be help$1 & no?+ b evil c foll[ by pret5d+ x is n s4 ,?us we f9d t ! difficulty ( divorce is ! /ronge/ factor t br+s disgrace & immorality into m>riage4 ,?is matt] ( hon\rable divorce is1 h[ev]1 "o only ( ! almo/ c\ntless que/ions 9 ! tangle ( consid]ations involv$ 9 ! difficult matt] ( any attempt to *ange sexual conduct4 ,m important1 p]haps1 is ! great disproportion betwe5 ! two sexes 9 a c\ntry t calls itself & tries to be monogam\s4 ,9 our society1 :]e s _m conditions & causes h correspond$ to make m>riage m & m difficult1 !re are a v l>ge numb] ( wom5 & also "s m51 & w be = a long "t1 :o1 f necessity r ?an f *oice1 h to seek to satisfy _! sex ne$s & to f9d love 9 ! be/ way t !y c4 ,i d n see t we c or ought to condemn )\t full] k ?an z a rule we c h1 ^! brea*es ( ! prohibitions & laws ( m>riage3 ,i am v c]ta9 t no good c be ga9$ by br&+ ^? :o commit !m z s9n]s4 ,r ! conditions t give rise to su* conduct mu/ be op5ly fac$ & :]ev] possible dealt )4 ,w>1 act+ z x mu/ inevitably d 9 increas+ ^! evils & mak+ m>riage m difficult = _m wom51 p]haps w br+ u to d ?is4 ,*anges 9 our laws may be =c$ ^u our acceptance4 ,we %all h to be m c>eful to protect life & to prev5t wa/e ( ! p[]s ( life4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 ,i ?9k1 g on1 9 ?is "q ( ! sex ne$s t are n satisfi$ 9 m>riage1 ) ! old game ( pret5ce1 t no irregul> conduct ne$ be consid]$ z long z x c be hidd51 or at lea/ n publicly ackn[l$g$4 ,b ( sexual relation%ips outside ( m>riage ,i %all speak 9 a sep>ate *apt]4#hj ,! "q is too urg5t to be dealt ) ha/ily4 ,i %all /ate :at seems to me c be done to regulate ^! unlegalis$ unions s z to free !m1 z f> z ?is is possible1 f ! secrecy & %amefulness :i* acts1 ,i am c]ta91 z ! /ronge/ factor 9 ! di/ress & evil :i* !y d almo/ inevitably br+1 bo? to ! individuals :o ent] into !m & to ! society :i* tol]ates1 b does no?+ to protect1 !m4 ,9 ! pa/1 we h fail$ suffici5tly to recognise ! immorality :i* is pres5t 9 _m m>riages4 ,monogamy has 9 reality nev] be5 atta9$ ei!r by anci5t civilisations or 9 ! mod]n _w4 ,?us1 :ile accept+ monogamy1 we tol]ate extra conjugal relation%ips1 :i* c be reg>d$ only z a hidd5 polygamy1 &1 inde$1 f "o practical po9t ( view1 x is ev5 worse 9 its results ?an a well-und]/ood & regulat$ polygamy1 z ^! fugitive unions1 be+ unrecognis$1 c>ry ) !m no obligations4 ,& ! action ( ?is d\ble /&>d ( sexual morality1 ) its conceal$ elem5t ( ly+ hypocrisy1 has br\ght1 & rightly br\ght1 into discr$it legal monogam\s m>riage2 x has l$ on ! "o side to ! sett+ up ( an ideal ( m>riage conduct :i*1 z _m 9 fact actually d n foll[ x1 t5ds to become an outw>d =m1 & ?is on ! o!r side leads to a conceal$ laxity 9 practice1 :i* results only too frequ5tly 9 irresponsible unions1 hidd5 diseases & bla/$ mo!rhood1 ! mo/ t]rible ( ! evils 9 our disord]$ sexual life ( to-day4 ,facts ( daily obs]vation may n be %uffl$ out ( obs]vation by any hypocrisy4 ,!y mu/ be fac$ & dealt )4 ,! "q becomes cle>]1 if we consid] t "s p1 m5 z well z wom51 h a great desire = *ildr52 or possibly z ! desire is n always consci\sly recognis$1 x w\ld be tru] to say t ) !m ! sexual impulse is m deeply root$4 ,i mean1 ?\gh x is v difficult 9 words to express ?is1 t erotic desire is less p]sonally ov]ma/]+1 t !y are 9 tru] relation ) ! race--"o l9k 9 ! long *a9 ( ! g5]ations4 ,?is be+ s1 ! gett+ ( a *ild is ! ultimate1 ?\gh r>ely1 ,i ?9k1 ! consci\s1 satisfaction ( sex2 :ile = o!rs--& ?is is true ( "s wom5 q z mu* z x is true ( _m m5--sexual relations are 9 !mselves ! f9al gratification ( love4 ,*ildr5 may come1 b !y are born because ( ! op]ation ( ?is /rictly p]sonal impulse or ne$ ( ! p>5ts4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 v necess>y to di/+ui% betwe5 sex-passion & ! desire = a *ild2 !y are n ! same1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ! "o impulse may be1 & is z a rule1 involv$ 9 ! o!r4 ,we ne$ m cle> ?9k+ & frank speak+ on ! two elem5ts 9 ! reproductive act4 ,?is is a human problem1 "o t belongs to mank9d alone2 moreov]1 x has greatly increas$ among civilis$ races1 & is likely to become m1 & n less1 difficult ) ! advance ( "t4 ,animals h sex-passion1 :i* is nei!r love z we feel x nor lu/2 ) !m1 z also 9 "s degree ) mo/ primitive peoples1 ?is passion is seasonal1 n always active1 & is m or less closely connect$ ) ! obta9+ ( (fspr+4 ,f> diff]5t & mu* m complicat$ are ! conditions ( love among u to-day4 ,m5 & wom5 h a cont9u\s desire = love1 ) sex-passion z its outw>d expression & *ildr5 = its effloresc5ce4 ,!y also h lu/1 :i* is a comp>atively new expression1#ha at lea/1 t is my op9ion z to :at is true ( ! majority among u4 ,i d n use ! ^w 8lu/0 "h 9 any s5se ( contempt1 b to express /rong & consci\s sex-passion1 seek+ its own satisfaction )\t connection ) any possible result 9 a *ild4 ,!n at a mu* l[] level !re is lu/-desire )\t love1 or clo!d m]ely 9 a rootless ephem]al mimicry ( passion--a lib]t9age hav+ no law b curiosity 9 self-indulg5ce4 ,& all passion is a v diff]5t ?+ f ! s]5e consid]ations :i*1 accord+ to ! ,pray] ,book1 cause m5 & wom5 to m>ry4 ,n[1 x is because ( :at sex-passion has come to be among u--its v>iety 9 desire & 9 result--t we are f> m remote ?an pre-human & primitive p>5ts f hav+ m>riage & p>5?ood settl$ s z to meet ! desires & sex-ne$s ( e "o1 z w\ld be easily possible if ! reproductive act c\ld be reg>d$ z be+ solely1 or ev5 *iefly1 connect$ ) ! bir? ( *ildr54 ,i d n "k if ,i h made my mean+ p]fectly cle>1 b :at ,i wi% to insi/ ^u is ?is3 ,x is necess>y 9 all que/ions & judgm5ts connect$ ) m>riage to consid] ! pres5ce or abs5ce 9 ! p>tn]s ( ! wi% to produce & possess a *ild4 ,i propose to deal briefly ) ?is "q 9 relation to ! "* ( wom54 ,x is commonly ass]t$ t ! normal woman desires to be a "m4 ,n[1 ?is may be true1 b :at is =gott5 is t all wom5 are n normal1 & ?us !re are _m :o n only h no desire to become mo!rs1 b exce$+ly dislike ! idea ( be>+ *ildr54 ,y may say ?is is an unnatural condition2 b su* a use ( ! ^w 8unnatural0 is surely wrong2 no?+ is 8natural0 to ! man or woman save :at !y h evolv$1 & by t ,i mean :at !y h come to desire to be2 & my cont5tion is t we h evolv$ a type ( woman unsuit$ = mo!rhood because %e does n desire x1 & = su* a woman x is 8unnatural0 to be a "m4 ,( c\rse ?is turn+ away f mo!rhood is 9 num]\s cases ! result ( wrong education1 & is dep5d5t on ! weak5$ con/itutions & %ak5 n]ves ( wom51 :i* =ces !m to fe> ! pa9s ( *ild-bir?1 z well z induc+ an increas+ dislike to ! re/rictions & duties t ! c>e ( *ildr5 w entail4 ,^! causes are /rong to-day2 d\btless !y hold back _m wom5 f becom+ mo!rs1 b ,i d n ?9k t !y take u v f> to ! deep] hidd5 causes :i* are also pres5t among u1 nor c !y be reg>d$ z ess5tial factors 9 decid+ ! "q z to :i* wom5 %\ld be mo!rs4 ,!re is some?+ act+ mu* m /rongly1 a cause :i* mu/ be s\ght 9 ! "* ( woman h]self1 & "o :i*1 unlike ^? dep5d5t on outside conditions1 _c1 ,i ?9k1 be alt]$4 ,y see1 ,i reg>d ! true in/9ct = mo!rhood z a quality direct+ all expression1 some?+ deep-seat$ 9 ! nature1 & !re=e a quality t _c be add$ to a "* if ! woman does n possess x4 ,& because ,i believe ?is1 ,i reg>d any ef=t to =ce mat]nity1 ev5 z an ideal1 ^u all wom5 z a great wrong4 ,we d n expect all m5 to desire to be fa!rs1 we mu/ cease to expect all wom5 to desire to become mo!rs4 ,= by s do+ we cause m evil ?an we "k4 ,& ! hurt is n borne by ! "m alone4 ,! *ild born aga9/ ! w ( its "m mu/ t5d also to be )\t w2 too weak to be> well ! /ress & /ruggle ( life4 ,?is is no fanciful /atem5t4 ,i believe x c be prov$ by any "o1 ) suffici5t k1 :o takes ! tr\ble to inve/igate ! facts4 ,! *ild :o is born ?r\gh ! physical ma/]y ( ! fa!r & ! physical subs]vi5cy ( its "m1 & aga9/ h] desire1 does pay ! p5alty 9 a h]itage :i* lacks /ability & h>mony 9 "*4 ,"o ( ! _m hypocrisies ( our society to-day is ! condemnation1 /ill ma9ta9$ by _m :o d n und]/&1 ( ! use ( ! _m safe artificial prev5tatives to conception4 ,! "m mu/ be giv5 m control ov] ! bir? ( h] *ildr54 ,p]sonally ,i h n a /rong feel+ aga9/ ! procur+ ( abortion1 b p]haps ! =bidd+ ( x is necess>y z a f5ce ar\nd ! rev]5ce = human life2 b ! prev5tion ( bir? is a diff]5t matt]4 ,& c]ta9ly ea* woman mu/ be free to make h] own *oice z to :e!r %e be>s *ildr5 or does n be> !m2 no man1 & /ill m no social or moral compulsion1 may safely decide ?is matt] = h]2 %e mu/ give life gladly to be able to give x well4 ,nor mu/ we look ) disfav\r on ^? wom5 :o desire to avoid mo!rhood & its duties1 or reg>d !m z 8unnatural0--?is ^w1 z ,i h j said1 is us$ f> too c>elessly4 ,x 7 well to rememb] t ! p>5tal in/9ct is n fix$ & is dep5d5t on causes t v few ( u und]/&1 t x is n pres5t 9 all wom5 any m ?an ! fight+ in/9ct is pres5t 9 all m54 ,a va/ am\nt ( /upid confusion arises f our fail+ to accept ! wide div]sity 9 wom5's temp]am5ts & *>act]s 9 relation to ?is "q ( mo!rhood4 ,betwe5 ! m usual type ( woman1 ^: deepe/ desire & /ronge/ in/9cts are fix$ 9 mo!rhood1 & ! woman at ! o!r extreme to :om ev5 ! ?\ght ( mat]nity is a t]ror1 !re are a wide range ( int]m$iate types--wom5 able to love & ev5 9 "s respects m>k$ly fem99e1 b ) weak mat]nal feel+4 ,su* div]sity 9 ! family qualities has always exi/$4 ,we h se5 9 our pa/ /udy ( ! family t ! mat]nal in/9cts may be ov]laid & ev5 de/roy$1 be+ replac$ by o!rs m cle>ly mascul9e4 ,examples ( ?is are f\nd 9 ! insect _w1 & /rik+ examples among fi%es & reptiles1 :]e ! fa!r is ! true p>5t & und]takes all duties connect$ ) ! "y4 ,! case ( ! phal>opes furni%$ u ) a fur!r rem>kable in/ance ( ?is rev]sal 9 ! *>act]s ( ! two sexes4 ,?+s are n q z dramatic1 p]haps1 9 ! human _w1 b !y are m fateful1 m significant4 ,& su* *anges 9 ! expression ( ! emotions1 dep5d5t z !y w\ld seem to be on *anges 9 ! sexual "*1 c be effect$1 = e individual ( "o sex has 9 him or h] ! qualities ( ! o!r sex 9 a less degree2 & any special circum/ance or alt]ation 9 ! conditions ( life :i* acts on an individual or gr\p ( individuals 9 an opposite direction f ! ord9>y1 may succe$ 9 modify+ &1 9 "s cases1 trans=m+ ! deep impulses ( sex4#hb ,i d n wi% to foll[ ?is "q "h4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 widely evid5t t 9 ! society we h evolv$ to-day !re are _m wom5 9 :om1 :at ,i may p]haps call1 an atrophy ( ! mat]nal in/9cts has tak5 place4 ,?is may be regrett$1 x _c wisely be blam$1 = x =ms no solution ( ! problem ?us to m>k d[n = blame4 ,!re is "o way1 & "o way only1 z f> z ,i c see1 :]eby ?is great evil t has happ5$ & /ill is tak+ place might be /ay$4 ,! mat]nal wom51 ! "m type1 %\ld be ! only wom5 to be mo!rs2 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 ! same ?+ z say+ t e *ild %\ld be born ( passionate desire4 ,b ?is is n s simple 9 practice z at fir/ sight x seems2 x c>ries ) x fir/ ! dem& t wom5 mu/ be giv5 ! k & means to prev5t ! conception ( e undesir$ *ild2 & second1 & ev5 m important1 t all girls %\ld be educat$ to und]/& some?+ at lea/ ( _! sexual nature s t !y may "k _! own ne$ & /ronge/ in/9cts2 !n1 does _! desire turn t[>ds mo!rhood1 !y w be bett] able to *oose z ! fa!r ( _! *ildr5 m5 :o desire to be fa!rs z !y desire to be mo!rs1 s t toge!r !y may decide ! numb] ( *ildr5 !y w br+ into ! _w & "u :at conditions4 ,t is ! only k9d ( mo!rhood t w endure4 ,i am prep>$ = an objection "h4 ,i %all be told t a woman1 mu* less a girl1 does n "k :e!r %e wants a *ild until %e be>s "o2 t x is !n h] mat]nal in/9ct w develop4 ,i d n believe x4 ,i f9d ?is is ! op9ion ( m5 & ( wom5 :o h fail$ to ?9k /raight2 bo? judge 9 ^! matt]s too arbitr>ily & ) too little und]/&+4 ,!y =get h[ difficult x has be51 & /ill is1 = any "o ( my sex to be at all sexually tru?ful4 ,consid]+ ! folly ( ! education we give to girls1 !re is little reliance to be plac$ on :at any woman says ab\t sex4 ,:at we ne$ mo/ ( all is ! lib]ation ( wom5's in/9cts ?r\gh education 9 consci\sness4 ,p]haps1 !n1 we %all cease to expect ! impossible1 by :i* ,i mean we %all n hope to make good mo!rs ( ! girls :o h no deep in/9ct to love *ildr54 ,i "k1 ( c\rse1 t ! girl :o be=e m>riage does n love *ildr51 may1 & z a rule w1 love h] own *ild3 b ,i am c]ta9 t 9 n9e cases out ( e t5 %e w d s 9 ! wrong way2 ! *ild w be *]i%$ only z a possession ( h]self1 an ext5sion ( h] own egoism1 :i* is v f> inde$ f :at ,i hold z ! self-giv+ "* ( ! "m-woman4 ,"h is "o reason :y good mo!rhood is s r>e4 ,"o s\rce ( great error arises because ( ! hypocrisy t society /ill =ces ^u wom5 9 all que/ions ( sex1 & 9 p>ticul> on ?is matt] ( _! want+1 or n want+1 to be mo!rs4 ,y see1 ! desire = a *ild is all[$ to !m1 b x is n yet all[$ to !m to desire love )\t ! *ild4 ,we are a /range p4 ,& ?is belief1 in/ill$ into u by puritanism & a religion :i* d5ies simple human ne$s1 t sex enjoym5t is immoral )\t ! purpose ( procreation1 has be5 a mo/ degrad+ influ5ce4 ,x has done great h>m4 ,x has poison$ ! lives ( ?\s&s ( wom5 & m52 b ! greate/ ( ! evils x has wr\ght is t1 "u its influ5ce1 c\ntless *ildr5 h be5 born1 bo? 9 m>riage & outside ( x1 aga9/ ! w ( _! mo!rs4 ,until x is op5ly recognis$ t wom5 are n alike 9 _! sexual natures any m ?an !y are alike 9 _! outw>d appe>ance1 t !y _c all be class$ toge!r z ! "m-sex1 ?is evil _c be *ang$2 ! old hypocrisy w cont9ue & *ildr5 w v]ily be born 9 s91 = !y w be born )\t ! "m's desire1 & = ?is ! race mu/ pay ! p5alty4 ,we h1 ,i am sure1 to face ! fact ( ! g5]al occurr5ce among u ( wom5 ( ! sir5 type2 !y are ! exact opposite to ! "m type4 ,) !m ! 8pleasure factor0#hc 9 ! sexual act is ! aim & end ( love3 ?is results1 z x seems to me1 9 an int5sifi$ egoism1 :i* has f>-rea*+ effects fir/ 9 ! woman's attitude to ! man1 z lat] 9 h] attitude to h] *ildr54 ,! sir5 woman is ! prop]ty ( all m51 or r x w\ld be mu* ne>] to ! tru? to say t all m5 are h] prop]ty4 ,i d n ?9k su* a woman c ev] rema9 satisfi$ ) "o mate1 ?\gh circum/ances may hold h] app>5tly fai?ful to h] m>riage v[s4 ,%e is q unsuit$ = monogam\s m>riage1 unless1 inde$1 %e f9ds a man ( a simil> type :om %e has p]petually to reconqu]4 ,ev5 !n !re mu/ be v>iety 9 ea* conque/ to provide ! excitem5t necess>y ) bo? to /imulate love4 ,su* a woman1 z1 ( c\rse1 also ! man1 is always unsuit$ = ! selfless sacrifices ( p>5?ood4 ,%e is ! natural pro/itute1 :o absorbs ev]y?+ 9 sex = h] own desire4 ,! case is q diff]5t ) ! "m type1 & h] relation to ! man is n ! same2 true1 %e also seeks & uses ! man1 ! diff]5ce is n "h4 ,woman is bett] equipp$ = ! sex-battle ?an is man4 ,!re is no?+ wrong 9 ?is4 ,i hold t a woman %\ld be able to take ! man %e loves z h] "r2 %e does take him n[1 b 9 ways t too (t5 %\ld make bo? h]self & him a%am$4 ,! "m-woman ex]cises h] "r ( *oice z ! repres5tative ( ,nature4 ,%e is ! f\nt ( ! race1 %e seeks ! man z h] help] & because he w give life to ! *ild %e desires4 ,su* a woman is n always fai?ful 9 m>riage1 b %e wi%es to be s1 & %e w be fai?ful 9 actual fact1 if %e is =tunate & f9ds 9 h] lov] ! fitt+ fa!r %e seeks unconsci\sly = h] *ildr54 ,( c\rse1 ?is is a purely arbitr>y classification2 ! two types ( "* m+le 9 mo/ wom54 ,!re are traces ( ! sir5 9 e woman1 & no woman--?\gh ,i am less c]ta9 "h--is entirely devoid ( ! mat]nal in/9ct4 ,x is v difficult to "k ! tru?4 ,b x seems to me t1 :5 f any cause ! pleasure factor 9 sex becomes secretly ov]-acc5tuat$1 z x may s easily d "u conditions :]e full sex expression is d5i$ to _m wom51 ! normal sexual impulses are 9 "s cases weak5$ or ev5 atrophi$ ?r\gh disuse1 :ile 9 o!rs satisfaction is ga9$ 9 secret erotic practice1 & by s do+ ! "* & ^! deep impulses receive a twi/ 9 an unheal?y direction1 lead+ or at lea/ t5d+ to an inflam+ ( ! egoi/ical desires1 :i*1 if long cont9u$1 w increase to cr[d out1 l an ov]gr[? ( "s poison\s we$1 ! m t5d] plant ( ! p>5tal in/9ct4 ,:ile c]ta9ly n presum+ to speak ) au?ority on s difficult a subject1 ,i ?9k t ! sugge/ion ,i h made may possibly af=d an explanation ( ! pov]ty ( ! "m in/9ct 9 "s wom5 comp>$ ) its ri*ness 9 o!r wom54 ,i plead = a pati5t recognition ( ! fact t 9 all ^! deep matt]s relat+ to sex we are /ill v ignorant4 ,let me n[ give an example t q rec5tly came "u my notice1 ( a woman :o1 ?\gh a "m1 0 )\t any glimm]+ flick] ( mat]nal feel+4 ,x seems to me to be wor? record+ z be+ ! mo/ /rik+ case ,i h met ( ! sir5 type ( woman1 :o1 if ,i am "r1 is occupy+ a wrong place 9 any monogam\s m>riage4 ,facts speak m =cibly ?an any m]e /atem5ts4 ,9 a bo>d+-h\se at :i* ,i 0 /ay+ !re 0 a "y & beautiful "m4 ,%e _h borne sev5 *ildr51 ( :om ! two y\nge/ 7 ) h]1 a boy ( ab\t five & a baby a ye> old4 ,%e _h ) h] also a "y niece ( ab\t sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,!y 7 heal?y &1 ,i %\ld judge1 *>m+ *ildr54 ,! "m app>5tly _h no love = !m :atev]4 ,x 0 a mo/ extraord9>y case4 ,physically ?is woman 0 fitt$ to be> *ildr51 b %e 0 cle>ly )\t any capacity = c>+ = !m4 ,%e rem9d$ me ( ! phal>ope mo!rs1 :o seek love adv5tures & leave ! *>ge ( _! *ildr5 to ! fa!rs4 ,9 ?is case ! fa!r 0 n pres5t3 ! gu>dian ( ! baby 0 ! niece4 ,i nev] saw a m pati5t work] ?an ?is t9y *ild4 ,i d n "k :e!r x 0 fe> held h] to h] task4 ,%e did n play3 all day %e t5d$1 & work$1 & wat*$4 ,sometimes %e 0 assi/$ by ! t9y boy1 h] c\s94 ,"h is "o out ( _m conv]sations t ,i *anc$ to ov]he>4 ,h>ry1 ! boy1 call$ to 8 c\s9-- 8,susie1 ,i h wa%$ baby's napk9s1 :at %all ,i d n[80 ,%e answ]$1 8,beg9 to get ! food ready2 ,i w come 9 a m9ute to boil ! milk40 ,?is is no exagg]ation1 ,i /ate exactly :at ,i he>d4 ,n[1 x is no use %riek+ out t ?is woman's conduct is unnatural & a libel on mo!rhood4 ,if ! mat]nal in/9ct 0 a fix$ in/9ct & bore good fruit only1 ?is might be done4 ,! objection to ! wrong k9d ( wom5 be+ mo!rs is precisely t x inevitably produces "s su* results4 ,?is woman simply foll[$ ! prompt+s ( h] own desires3 ! diff]5ce 0 t %e did x mu* m frankly ?an is usual4 ,%e employ$ ! days 9 play+ croquet & t5nis & 9 flirt+ ) any available male4 ,i d n ?9k %e knew %e 0 n a good "m4 ,at int]vals1 :5 %e rememb]$1 %e scold$ ! *ildr52 b :5 %e =got !m1 :i* 0 frequ5tly1 %e left !m alone4 ,(t5 ,i talk$ ) h]1 z %e int]e/$ me v /rongly4 ,i wi%$ t ,i c\ld h kn[n h] e>ly hi/ory1 & especially "s details ( h] sexual life4 ,i c\ld b guess1 /ill ,i d n ?9k ,i 0 mi/ak54 ,%e told me q frankly t %e did n l *ildr51 ?\gh %e add$ 7cle>ly1 ?\gh q unconsci\sly1 speak+ conv5tionally71 8,( c\rse1 ,i love my own *ildr540 ,!n 7laps+ aga9 into tru?7 %e w5t on bewail+ ! l5g? ( ! s*ool holidays 7! little boy & ! girl 7 bo? at bo>d+-s*ool7 & h] pres5t position ( be+ )\t a nurse to look aft] ! baby4 ,on ! occasion ( ano!r conv]sation %e told me t %e did n c>e = m54 ,i answ]$1 8,probably n1 b y l !m to c>e = y40 ,%e laugh$ & seem$ pleas$1 & ask$ me h[ ,i knew ?is4 ,n[1 ?is woman 0 to me a mo/ int]e/+ /udy4 ,a fri5d :o 0 /ay+ ) me at ! "t blam$ h] v sev]ely4 ,i ?9k ?is 0 unfair4 ,:at 0 cle> to me 0 t life 0 dem&+ f ?is woman :at %e c\ld n give4 ,%e 0 /rongly s5sual )\t be+ passionate2 %e 0 probably philoprog5itive or %e w\ld n h _h s _m *ildr52 b %e 0 n at all mat]nal1 & 0 q unfitt$ to be entru/$ ) any *ild4 ,%e 0 n immoral--at lea/1 ,i ?9k n2 probably %e 0 fai?ful 9 ! usual mean+ to h] husb&4 ,9 h] _w ! price 0 too high to make unfai?fulness wor? :ile2 b %e 0 :olly non-moral4 ,su* a woman %\ld n m>ry2 %e %\ld nev] be a "m4 ,i w\ld g ev5 fur!r & say h] place 0 ! place ( ! pro/itute4 ,?is judgm5t may seem h>d4 ,yet ,i "k ( no o!r rem$y4 ,y _c alt] ^! ?+s by pret5d+ !y are n !re4 ,& ! expression ( sex is always a "q ( ref9em5t & ( "*4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,sexual ,,relation%ips ,,outside ,,( ,,m>riage ,my purpose 9 writ+ on ?is subject--,no desire to less5 responsibility--,! great difficulties ( su* an inquiry--,a return to ! "q consid]$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]s on m>riage--,"s wom5 & m5 unsuit$ = monogam\s m>riage & ! duties ( p>5?ood--,! evils t mu/ arise :5 ^? unfitt$ = true monogamy are =c$ to live "u its cov]--,sex subjects usually view$ ei!r ) false s5tim5t or ) vulg>ity--,%ameful concealm5ts & snigg]+ d n lead to true *a/ity--,^! bad conditions ex]t m influ5ce on m5 ?an on wom5--,celibacy z unnatural & h>mful 9 wom5 z 9 m5--,"o =m ( union c nev] be impos$ = e "o--,is secrecy advantage\s to society--,effect ( economic conditions & pressure ( op9ion--,)\t "s *ange pro/itution & ! degradation ( ! m hon\rable p>tn]%ips outside m>riage mu/ be accept$--,! position ( ! "m mu/ always be secur$--,! w> has caus$ increas$ indep5d5ce ( wom5--,! w> z well w cause a %ortage ( m5 & probably a p]iod ( pov]ty--,^! mu/ act z fur!r causes ( avoidance ( m>riage--,at ! same "t ! nation w h an increas$ ne$ = *ildr5--,m ?an "o =m ( sexual association requir$--,! highe/ types ( m5 & wom5 %\ld live 9 monogam\s m>riage--,= o!rs ! /]ile tempor>y union--,! law %\ld e/abli% contracts provid+ = ! woman 9 su* relation%ips--,advantages ( ?is proc$ure--,increase n h9d] morality4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,sexual ,,relation%ips ,,outside ,,( ,,m>riage 8,all love mu/ h its responsibilities1 or x w degrade & dissipate itself 9 m]e s5tim5t or s5suality40 ,i f9d ?is s5t5ce writt5 9 an old notebook1 "o t = a long "t ,i h n be5 us+4 ,i took ! book up by *ance1 :5 my eyes light$ on ?is say+2 at once ,i decid$ to place x at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt] on sexual relation%ips outside ( m>riage4 ,i want to make x cle> at ! v />t t x is f> inde$ f my purpose to make easy ! way ( irregul> unions or at all to loos5 ! responsibilities t ought to b9d m5 & wom54 ,! difficulties ( writ+ ^u all que/ions ( sexual conduct are v real4 ,almo/ always "o is suspect$ ( advocat+ lic5se & ( disbelief 9 m>riage1 s commonplace is x to misund]/&1 s easy to misrepres5t4 ,= n only is !re prejudice to enc\nt]1 :i* on no "q is s ob/9ate z x is on ?is "o t we are n[ consid]+ ( unregulat$ love1 b we h to deal ) s _m diff]5t problems1 tak+ acc\nt ( _m oppos$ facts1 :]e ?reads are cross$ & entangl$ & at be/ c be pat*$ only r\ghly toge!r4 ,i plead = a pati5t recognition ( ! real s]i\sness ( ?is problem1 :i*1 ,i am c]ta91 w h to be fac$ 9 ! ne> future if our sexual life & m>riage are to be fre$ f secret disgrace t is unbe>able4 ,we h f\nd 9 ! two previ\s *apt]s :at all ( u mu/ "k f our own exp]i5ce ( life1 t "s wom5 & m5 are by _! temp]am5t unsuit$ = monogam\s m>riage & ! duties ( p>5?ood4 ,(t51 ,i w\ld ev5 say z a rule1 ^! individuals are /rongly sexual4 ,!y w n1 because ) ! "* !y h1 !y _c1 live = any long p]iod celibate4 ,!y w m>ry to ga9 p]man5t sexual relief or !y w buy tempor>y relief f pro/itutes1 unless !y are able to seek satisfaction 9 an irregul> union4 ,n[ ,i affirm x z my conviction t ! fir/ & second ( ^! c\rses are likely to lead to great] mis]y & s9 ?an ! ?ird c\rse2 & ( ! ?ree1 ! fir/1 9 my op9ion1 is ! wor/4 ,i h no d\bt at all on ?is matt]4 ,no "o1 :o is n bl9d to ! facts ( life1 c close _! eyes to ! evil & suff]+ t a co]cive monogamy =ces ^u ^? p :o are unfitt$ & d n desire to fulfil ! obligations & duties ( liv+ fai?fully ) "o p>tn]4 ,& ,i w\ld ask all ^? :o /& 9 fe> ( any *ange or re=m 9 our m>riage laws or ( any op5 tol]ation ( wid] opportunities = sexual fri5d%ips to consid] ?is fact3 ! discr$it :i* has fall5 ^u monogam\s m>riage arises l>gely f ! demoralis+ lives liv$ "u its cov] by ^? unsuit$ = endur+ mat+4 ,our moral code is1 h[ev]1 mu* less rul$ by law ?an by cu/om & ! unit$ w ( ! community4 ,x is = ?is reason t ,i want to =ce m51 & ev5 m wom51 to ?9k practically on ^! matt]s4 ,my own op9ion is firm4 ,ap>t f ! fact t ! disproportion 9 ! numb] ( ! sexes 9 ?is c\ntry makes m>riage impossible = all & condemns great numb]s ( wom5 to /]ile celibacy 7a "q ,i h dealt ) else:]e#hd71 ,i am p]suad$ ( ! ne$ = mu* wid] facilities = hon\rable p>tn]%ips outside ( p]man5t m>riage2 su* unions are1 ,i am sure1 necess>y 9 ord] to h>monise our sexual life & meet ! desires ( a l>ge1 & ,i believe increas+1 numb] ( wom5 & m51 ^: exceptional ne$s our exi/+ in/itutions & cu/oms ignore or cru%4 ,let u view ^! que/ions 9 ! light ( _! results4 ,mo/ ( u fail to meet ! facts4 ,we nev] realise ! evil ( ?is hypocrisy--love ev]y:]e c>ri$ on secretly1 t is act+ always z a di/urb+ =ce 9 our sexual life--x is a worm t gnaws unceas+ly at ! roots ( m>riage & de/roys too (t5 ! mo/ beautiful blossoms ( love4 ,"o great s\rce ( difficulty arises f ! want ( frankness 9 our ?\ghts4 ,especially is ?is ! case ) wom51 :o ?r\gh\t _! lives h _h ! great fundam5tal facts ( life clo!d 9 euphemisms1 until x seems z if !y h succe$$1 by ! help ( _m fictiti\s aids1 9 conceal+ ! natural outw>d signs ( ! exi/5ce ( sex4 ,& l>gely f ^! concealm5ts our e idea ( sex has become ta9t$ ) s5tim5t & vulg>ity4 ,we c h>dly speak ( ! subject ev5 to our *ildr5 )\t an apology4 ,! actions & emotions ( life undrap$ ) lies seem to mo/ ( u ana!ma2 we1 :o h s v5e]$ our lives t we "k no long] ( :at wood !y are made2 we1 :o = g5]ations h be5 s cov]$ ) %ameful concealm5ts1 deceiv+ ev5 ourselves1 & are imp]vi\s to ! claims ( t ill-br$ creature--,life4 ,& h[ deep we h w&]$ into s9 9 seek+ to escape f x6 ,ne$ we put up ) ?is8 ,mu/ we turn our eyes away = ev] f ?+s z !y are--/ifle our desires 9 fe> ( :at we %all d8 ,! sex-ne$s almo/ always are dealt ) z ?\gh !y /ood ap>t & lay out ( l9e ) any o!r ne$ or faculty ( our bodies4 ,?is is1 9 "p1 due to ! secrecy :i* has kept sex z some?+ my/]i\s4 ,we h mo/ ( u be5 tra9$ f our *ildhood into indec5t secretiv5ess4 ,b !re is z well a deep] reason1 & x w be a long "t be=e we c *ange x4 ,sex is s p[]ful 9 mo/ ( u1 &1 :5 f any cause awak5$ into consci\sness1 occupies really s l>ge a "p ( our att5tion1 t we are afraid ( ourselves1 & ?is reacts 9 fe> ( any op5 ackn[l$gm5t ev5 9 our ?\ghts ( our own sex-ne$s4 ,/ill less c we grant ! sex-ne$s ( o!rs1 p]haps /rong] & diff]5t f our own ne$4 ,x is necess>y to face v frankly ?is trem5d\s =ce ( ! sex-passion1 = ! mo/ "p veil$ 9 discussion4 ,_m wom5 & "s m5 d n realise at all ! imm5se complications ( sex1 or und]/& ! claims t passion makes on _m natures4 ,almo/ necess>ily 9 any inquiry into ^! que/ions ( sexual conduct "o's op9ions are bias$ by temp]am5t & p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,we are deal+ ) =ces 9 :i* ! individual elem5t _c be set aside4 ,x is fooli%ness always to prea* cont95ce4 ,sexual ab/95ce is possible )\t great ef=t = "s p1 x is n possible = all4 ,i am c]ta9 we h to recognize ?is fact1 & to all[ = its action4 ,x is n :at we want p to d1 b :at !y w d1 t we are consid]+4 ,if we look at ! matt] practically1 x is ( c\rse necess>y to rememb] t ?is "q ( ! possibility (1 z well z ! advantage to be d]iv$ f1 sexual ab/95ce is an entirely diff]5t "o1 z x relates to ! "t be=e1 or aft]1 ! fir/ exp]i5ce ( love4 ,! sex desires are /rong :5 r\s$1 b :5 n def9itely ar\s$1 ! ideal ( *a/ity ass]ts itself1 & = long p]iods ^! desires may n greatly occupy ! consci\s imag9ation4 ,x is cle> t ! physical problem _c be1 & ought n to be1 consid]$ ap>t f ! w4 ,great good 9 "s cases may be done by e/abli%+ control ov] ?\ght4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 idle to c\nt on a c\rse ( ?\ght & action be+ tak5 by ! r\gh majority among u :i* s mu* ( our civilisation & daily environm5t makes difficult & inde$ impossible4 ,a race ( "y m5 & wom5 surr\nd$ ) %ameful concealm5ts & br$ to a bl9d acceptance ( wrong sexual conditions1 accu/om$ to an atmosph]e ( snigg]+ & sugge/iv5ess 9 connection ) ! c5tral facts ( love & life--su* a race _c h1 mu* less practise1 an ideal ( true *a/ity4 ,^! wrong & vulg> conditions )\t d\bt h act$ m /rongly aga9/ m5 ?an aga9/ wom54 ,& ,i w\ld note 9 pass+1 t "h1 z ,i believe1 we f9d "o explanation ( ! great] cont95ce among unm>ri$ wom5 ?an among unm>ri$ m54 ,x is n because satisfaction = ! sex-ne$s is m necess>y = ! heal? & well-be+ ( m5 ?an x is = ! heal? & well-be+ ( wom5--a /atem5t ,i d n believe2 nor is x prov$ t ?is abs5ce ( consci\s sex-desires necess>ily implies ! abs5ce ( unconsci\s sex-action2 all t c be claim$ is t ! sexual impulses h be5 div]t$ into diff]5t expressions1 & ! explanation ( su* div]sion is to be s\ght 9 ! boy's & "y man's education & life1 :i* =ces sex s mu* m /rongly into ! consci\s ?\ght & att5tion4 ,we are deal+ ) a "q v difficult to solve4 ,on ?is assumption t ! sex-ne$s ( ! man are m imp]ative ?an ! sex-ne$s ( ! woman1 mu* t is false has be5 accept$ z true2 !re are _m :o h advocat$ a 8duplex sexual morality10 & :ile dem&+ f ! woman complete sexual ab/95ce until %e m>ries1 reg>d ?is z impossible 9 ! case ( m54 ,su* a sep>ation z ?is betwe5 ! sex-ne$s ( man & ! sex-ne$s ( woman is1 9 my op9ion1 a v grave error4 ,celibacy is unnatural & h>mful 9 man1 x is at lea/ equally unnatural & h>mful 9 woman4 ,n[1 x is on ?is "q ( ! sex-ne$s ( wom5 t ,i f9d myself1 z ,i h sugge/$ already1 9 su* direct opposition to ! great majority ( wom51 numb]s ( :om d n1 w n1 admit to a consci\sness ( any k9d ( sexual ne$4 ,i believe !y are q hone/1 b ,i "k !y are mi/ak54 ,! doctr9e ( *a/ity be+ ! natural & special virtue ( wom5 is entirely false4 ,complete ab/95ce f love _c be borne by wom5 ?r\gh a long p]iod ( ye>s )\t produc+ s]i\s results on ! body & ! m9d4 ,& ^! results are by no means cle>ly dep5d5t on a consci\s k ( unsatisfi$ sex4 ,! evil may be pron\nc$ ev5 :5 ! woman h]self has n ! slighte/ k ( h] real ne$s4 ,9 _m wom5 ! p5alty is paid 9 an unceas+ & we>y+ re/lessness ( m9d & body4 ,we h also to face ! fact t prolong$ & en=c$ ab/95ce may act to cultivate a morbid obsession ) sexual ?+s4 ,i believe t ! celibate (t5 is less *a/e ?an ! normally sexual individual4 ,?is may seem to be a wanton *>ge to "s1 b ,i am n speak+ )\t due consid]ation4 ,i "k well t "s among my read]s1 & 9 p>ticul> wom51 w say t ,i am wrong1 _m w accuse me ( exagg]at+ & compla9 t ,i see sex 9 ev]y?+2 ! few only w "k t ,i am "r4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 ref] all ^? :o d\bt to ! rese>*es ( ,freud & 8 foll[]s1 :i* h prov$ 9 ! mo/ conclusive way t ! manife/ations ( sex may be conceal$ 9 numb]less guises4 ,)\t "s und]/&+ ( ! 8,unconsci\s0 x is useless to attempt to deal ) ^! que/ions4 ,we ne$ to realise t ! fact ( an individual1 or gr\p ( individuals1 be+ unconsci\s ( ! pres5ce ( sex does n prove t sex is n act+ /rongly & (t5 h>mfully )9 !m4 ,nay1 we may g fur!r & say t c\ld x be prov$ t desire 0 abs5t & no sex difficulties ( any k9d be discov]$1 ?is is no reason :y we %\ld necess>ily be too satisfi$4 ,if no k9d ( action is app>5t1 x is v probable t "s deep evil is at "w1 :i* h9d]s sex f a m heal?y & op5 expression4 ,i am haunt$ by ! fe> t ! c>eless read] w ?9k ,i am writ+ aga9/ *a/ity4 ,?is is n s4 ,i w\ld affirm aga91 ) all ! p[] t ,i h1 t compulsory sexual ab/95ce may n be confus$ ) volunt>y *a/ity4 ,we mu/ be v cle> 9 our ?\ght ab\t ?is4 ,we c nev] e/abli% an ideal ( true *a/ity until we h root$ out f our social life all ! unnatural & empty =ms ( *a/ity4 ,! long wait+ = m>riage :i* economic & o!r causes h =c$ ^u u1 m & m increases ! difficulties ( ma9ta9+ any true *a/ity4 ,x is a great evil :i* almo/ always wa/es ! en]gies ( life4 ,!re are v _m wom5 7z also ^! are m57 :o are moral1 because !y are too great c[>ds to be immoral4 ,! reasons = *a/ity mu/ 9 _m cases be s\ght 9 ! pov]ty ( exp]i5ce & ! difficulty ( obta9+ love1 9 ! h>d b9d+ ( circum/ances1 &1 ev5 m (t51 9 ! t]ror ( be+ f\nd out4 ,respectability is ! /rong moral safegu>d ( woman4 ,! conception ( fai?fulness to "o mate 7! true *a/ity7 is z /rong 9 _m m5 z x is 9 any woman1 a fact to :i* ,i gladly be> witness1 f my k ( ! m5 ,i h kn[n4 ,x is too commonly tak5 = grant$ t sex-passion is less ref9$ 9 m5 & diff]5t f sex-passion 9 wom54 ,i am sure 9 _m cases x is n true4 ,i am n go+ to discuss ! "q fur!r1 z x is "o t _c easily be prov$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v necess>y to break d[n ! idea t = ! impulses ( sex1 ) _! imm5se complications & diff]5ces1 !re is "o g5]al rule ei!r = m5 or = wom54 ,9 e case ! elem5t ( p]sonal idiosyncrasy mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt1 &1 = ?is reason1 ! difficulties ( ^! que/ions are enorm\sly complex4 ,nor is x possible1 ,i am sure1 to make any arbitr>y judgm5ts4 ,to me ! man or woman :o is able to live a celibate life is n necess>ily bett] ?an ! man or woman :o is n4 ,i may pref] "o type1 ,i may dislike ! o!r1 b ?is also is a matt] ( my p]sonal idiosyncrasy4 ,we _c safely class ^? :o diff] f ourselves z wrong1 & set !m d[n z fit only = suppression & re/ra9t4 ,we h to put aside ^? %rieks ( blame t are possible only to ! ignorant4 ,x is all v well to prea* ! ideal ( complete sexual ab/95ce until m>riage1 b !re are ! cle>1 h>d conditions ( contempor>y circum/ances = all b ! really ri*1 :o c m>ry :5 !y want to d s )\t o!r consid]ation1 & ! v poor :o m>ry "y because !y h no?+ at all to consid]4 ,we h to face ! pres5ce among/ u to-day ( an am\nt ( suff]+ ?r\gh en=c$ celibacy :i* is act+ 9 _m directions 9 degrad+ our sexual lives4 ,any numb] ( ^! suff]]s1 bo? ! unm>ri$ & ! m>ri$ :o are ill-mat$1 are ev]y:]e among/ u4 ,i ne$ n say m to prove ?is3 ! facts face u all1 unless1 inde$1 we are too ignorant & too prejudic$ to "k :at is happ5+4 ,_m new lessons w h to be le>nt4 ,i w\ld sugge/ z a fir/ /ep t[>ds hone/y & heal?1 t we ought to claim an op5 decl>ation ( ! exi/5ce ( any =m ( sexual relation%ip betwe5 a woman & a man4 ,we %all1 ,i believe1 d ?is1 if n n[1 !n lat]1 because we are f9d+ out ! evils t mu/ ensue1 bo? to ! individuals conc]n$ & to ! society ( :i* !y are memb]s1 by =c+ m5 & wom5 into ! d>k1 immoral way ( concealm5ts4 ,x is ridicul\s to say1 z _m d1 t sexual relation%ips betwe5 two p affect no "o b !mselves1 unless a *ild is born4 ,! p>tn]s 9 ev5 ! /ronge/ & pure/ mutual passion h no "r to say to society1 8,?is is our bus9ess & none ( y\rs40 ,! consequ5ces may be s grave & wide = society t ! de$ c nev] be conf9$ to ! int]e/s ( ! pair conc]n$4 ,& ! sexual p>tn]%ip t is kept secret w "w anti-socially j 9 ! same way z any o!r secret p>tn]%ip4 ,opportunity w be giv5 to ^? :o desire to s9 & escape ! responsibilities ( ! p>tn]%ip1 :ile o!r m5 & wom51 :o wi% to & w\ld act hon\rably1 f9d ! way s difficult t 9 n9e cases out ( t5 !y fail 9 _! endeavors4 ,_m unions t n[ are %ameful w\ld n be %ameful if ! p>ties _h n be5 driv5 into concealm5ts1 :i* _c fail to act 9 a way t is immoral4 ,we mu/ see ?+s a little m z !y are4 ,we mu/ accept ourselves z we are4 ,we mu/ d m ?an ?is1 we mu/ accept o!rs z !y are1 & cease f blam+ !m :5 we f9d !m diff]5t f ourselves4 ,we mu/ give up be+ hypocrites4 ,to =ce e "o to accept ! "o =m ( union is n ! wise/ way to deal ) ! matt]4 ,we mu/ und]/& :at is ! result ( our do+ ?is4 ,x does n prev5t p f act+ wrongly4 ,any?+ may be done1 any sexual p>tn]%ip be und]tak51 h[ev] %ameful1 z long z x is hidd54 ,we %all h m morality1 n less1 by an op5 recognition ( hon\rable sexual fri5d%ips ent]$ into outside ! p]man5t b9d+ ( monogam\s m>riage4 ,i d n ?9k we ne$ fe> to d ?is4 ,my own fai? 9 monogam\s m>riage1 z ! mo/ practical1 ! be/1 & ! happie/ =m ( union = ! great majority ( p1 is s /rongly root$ t ,i d n wi%1 because ,i hold x z unnecess>y1 to =ce any "o ei!r to ent] into or to /ay )9 its bonds4 ,i want !m to d ?is because !y !mselves want to be b\nd4 ,we get fur!r & fur!r away f real monogamy by all[+ no o!r =m ( hon\rable p>tn]%ips4 ,"u pres5t economic conditions & ! pressure ( social op9ion1 ! p5alties t ! woman has _h to pay = any sexual relation%ip outside ( m>riage are v heavy4 ,?is is manife/4 ,inde$1 :5 we see ! difficulties fac$ 9 ^! unions1 t s _m wom5 d take ! risks is ano!r pro(1 if "o 7 ne$$1 ( ! elem5tal /r5g? ( ! sex-passion 9 wom54 ,b m>k ?is3 x is only ! woman ^: social consci5ce is unawak5$1 or ! few wom5 /rong en\gh & able to ignore ! c5sure ( _! fri5ds1 :o c ent] into ^! irregul> relation%ips--except 9 a hateful secrecy4 ,& ?is has act$1 z ,i believe1 h>mfully 9 a way n usually recognis$1 9 s f> z x has driv5 into m>riage _m :o w\ld h be5 bett] n to m>ry4 ,at pres5t our monogam\s m>riage is buttress$ ) pro/itution & ma9ta9$ ) ! help ( c\ntless secret extra conjugal relation%ips1 :i* ?us makes our moral attitude "o ( intol]able deception4 ,to ?is "q ,i %all pres5tly return4 ,"u exi/+ social conditions ! opportunities = sexual relation%ips to meet ! ne$s ( ^? wom5 & m5 unable1 or n desir+1 to m>ry mu/1 9 almo/ all cases1 entail ! sacrifice ( ! woman4 ,x is an unsocial1 because an o/racis$ union4 ,our ef=ts at re=m h s f> be5 n only ineffective1 b absurd4 ,x is no use %irk+ x1 if "s *ange _c be made1 !n we mu/ accept pro/itution & wild-love z well z ! degradation ( all ! m hon\rable p>tn]%ips ent]$ into outside ( m>riage4 ,i believe t _m ( ^! problems ( our sexual life mu/ rema9 unsolv$2 "s ( !m1 p]haps1 are unsolvable1 b c]ta9 ( ! evils are prev5table4 ,& fir/ note ?is3 !re is "o rule t is able & ought to guide u4 ,i h ass]t$ else:]e1#he :at aga9 ,i w\ld affirm "h3 x is an ess5tial fact ( sexual morality1 z ,i conceive x1 t 9 any relation betwe5 ! two sexes--,i c>e n :e!r ! association be legal or illegal--! position ( ! woman z ! "m mu/ be made secure4 ,! immoral union is ! union :i* results 9 bad & irresponsible p>5?ood4 ,x is because ,i believe ?is1 t ,i wi% to see san]1 m practical1 & m moral relations made possible betwe5 ^? wom5 & m5 :o live toge!r b d n m>ry4 ,b be=e ,i attempt ! difficult task ( sugge/+ :at seems to me ! way 9 :i* bett] conditions c\ld be e/abli%$1 x w be necess>y to note briefly a few facts conc]n+ *anges actually tak+ place 9 ! position ( wom51 :i* x seems to me mu/ be c]ta9 to affect pr(\ndly ! conditions ( m>riage & ! problem we are consid]+4 ,! q new importance z work]s :i* wom5 h n[ obta9$ w react inevitably on ! relations betwe5 ! sexes4 ,9 e sort ( occupation1 9 cl]k+1 %op-assi/+1 railway "w1 motor driv+ & conduct+1 police "w1 9 lab\r on ! l& & 9 _m m unusual capacities1 !y are be+ f\nd effici5t beyond prec$5t4 ,& 9 ! munition factories1 9 ! h&l+ ( heavy & intricate ma*9]y1 _! adaptability & inv5tiv5ess1 z well z _! /eadfa/ness & en?usiasm1 h surpris$ all ^? :o are )\t k ( ! bewild]+ res\rcefulness ( ! fem99e "*4 ,all ! dis5gag$ en]gy ( wom5 has be5 employ$4 ,!y h ga9$ a /rong position 9 ! economic _w4 ,?is is evid5t1 b :at is n realis$ are ! =ces work+ b5ea?4 ,:at is go+ to be ! p]man5t result8 ,w all ?is en]gy evaporate aft] ! w>1 w x be reabsorb$ 9 ! home & "w directly connect$ !re)1 or w ?is great =ce ( wom5's "w be /ill us$ 9 indu/rial & o!r employm5ts8 ,x is n easy to give a c]ta9 answ]4 ,leav+ aside ! "q :e!r su* "w if p]man5tly cont9u$ w be good or bad = wom51 a matt] on :i* already ,i h express$ my op9ion /rongly1#hf ,i want to consid] h[ ^! fre% & advantage\s lab\r conditions h affect$1 & w1 ,i ?9k1 g on affect+1 wom5's own desires4 ,! "q is :e!r ?is *ange t w> conditions h br\ght is "o :i* ! desires ( wom5 cause !m to welcome1 or :e!r x is an arrangem5t t has aris5 out ( necessity to :i* !y are ess5tially antagoni/ic4 ,:at1 9 my op9ion1 makes ! pres5t situation dang]\s is1 t long be=e ! w> wom5 7 =c+ an entrance into ! _w ( lab\r1 & /ruggl+ 9 competition ) m5 to ga9 ! positions :i* n[ are be+ ?ru/ ^u !m4 ,& ,i d n believe t 9 ! mass to-day !y are do+ _! "w tempor>ily & to replace m5 = ! p]iod ( ! w>1 b r !y are aim+ to e/abli% _! own economic emancipation4 ,probably ( ! million wom5#hg :o h plung$ into new "w 9 connection ) ! w>1 ! great majority are mu* bett] (f economically ?an ev] !y 7 9 times ( peace4 ,w> has br\ght m ( ga9 ?an ( sacrifice4 ,! new ?+ is ! opportunity t has come4 ,individually wom5 7 adv5tur\s be=e ! w>2 !y h n[ become adv5tur\s z a class4 ,w> has b acc5tuat$ & made obvi\s ! *ange t = long _h be5 tak+ place 9 ! desires ( wom54 ,?is turn+ away f !mselves1 f _! own lives & duties1 to ! _w & employm5ts & duties ( m51 is a ?+ t 0 go+ on be=e ! w>1 sl[ly & aga9/ mu* prejudice1 b :at matt]s is t x 0 go+ on4 ,i %all make no attempt to deal ) ! s]i\s economic results t are likely to occur %\ld wom51 :5 ! w> is end$1 /ruggle to compete ) m5 9 ! lab\r m>ket4 ,! disa/]s t w\ld foll[ su* action are suffici5tly pla94 ,"o result w\ld c]ta9ly be a cla% ( sex1 unavoidable 9 a "w-/ruggle = ! upp] h& betwe5 wom5 & m54 ,! great temptation to wom5 !n w be to keep _! positions by accept+ l[] wages ?an ! m5 c take4 ,no "o c "k :e!r !y w d ?is4 ,!re c be no "q t ! situation w be difficult4 ,= ! return ( wom5 to ! home & :at hi!rto has be5 consid]$ exclusively fem99e "w is go+ to mean mu* m ?an a *ange ( occupation2 x w be go+ back to ! insi/5t duties ( ! n>r[$ woman's sph]e ) new ideas & a fre% comm& ( life4 ,x is useless pret5d+ t ?is c be easy4 ,= "o ?+1 ! great uplift 9 wom5's wages has giv5 girls z well z wom5 an indep5d5ce1 ) a q /range joy z sp5d]s :i* !y h n kn[n be=e4 ,& ?is new p[] 9 indu/ry has be5 associat$ also ) _m wom5 ) a new p[] 9 ! home4 ,! )drawal to ! w> ( ! m5 ( ! family has left wom5 ) an opportunity to sp5d incomes ov] :i* hi!rto !y _h no direct control4 ,s t sometimes "o wond]s :e!r m5 w be all[$ to re-ent] _! homes1 if !y come back1 on ! same t]ms z be=e !y held4 ,w wom5 aga9 accept ) cont5tm5t a position ( economic dep5d5ce8 ,?is _c fail1 ,i ?9k1 to act directly on ! conditions ( m>riage4 ,! "q w\ld seem to be ?is3 ,w wom5 come back to ! home believ+ ! home to be ! c5tral int]e/ ( _! lives8 ,w !y feel t mo!rhood1 ) ! c>e ( ! little *ild & all ! duties x %\ld entail1 is ! ultimate joy1 = ! d5ial ( :i* no p]sonal fre$om or success 9 "w c comp5sate8 ,x is "o ( ! unhappy features ( our pres5t condition ( necessity = wom5 to c>ry on ! "w ( ?is c\ntry t ! mo/ deep & f>-rea*+ issues are be+ decid$ 9 ha/e1 & 9 _m cases by "y girls :o h nev] be5 taught by any wise tra9+ to realise _! own nature z wom51 or to und]/& _! sexual ne$s ) _! imm5se re/rict+ p[]4 ,& my fe> is t ! ?+s :i* matt] mo/ to life w be lo/4 ,i feel t almo/ ev]y?+ 9 ! future dep5ds on ! inn] attitude ( ! ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( girls & "y wom5 :o to-day h gone out ( ! home4 ,i wi% ,i _h ! gift to make !m feel ! f>-act+ importance ( _! p]sonal attitude4 ,! root ( all action is ! w or desire4 ,yes1 t is ! dang]4 ,our desires are ! greate/ realities t we h1 & we %\ld look closely to ! direction t[>ds :i* !y are turn$4 ,no?+ b ! /ronge/ desire on ! "p ( wom5 w save ! home4 ,_m =ces w be act+ to make p]man5t conditions t _c fail to act adv]sely to any "r ideal ( home life4 ,my hope is t wom5 9 ! mass w und]/& 9 "t & resi/ ^! =ces4 ,yet1 ,i d n "k1 & sometimes my fe> is m active ?an my hope4 ,at lea/1 x is evid5t t 9 ! imm$iate future ! home is n go+ to be re-e/abli%$ )\t ef=t4 ,wom5 w h to make great sacrifice to surr5d] 9 e direction ! new p[] ( controll+ & sp5d+ money :i* n[ !y are enjoy+4 ,& = ?is reason1 ev5 if = no o!r1 _m wom5 almo/ c]ta9ly w seek to hold _! places 9 ! lab\r _w & keep on work+ = !mselves4 ,!re=e1 x is1 ,i ?9k1 safe to expect t to "s limit$ ext5t ! pres5t ext5sion ( wom5's employm5t outside ! home w be p]man5t :5 peace is e/abli%$4 ,c]ta9ly x is unnecess>y = me to say1 aft] :at ,i h writt5 9 ! e>li] *apt]s ( my book1 h[ exce$+ly ,i regret ! p]man5ce ( conditions t c seem good only 9 an indu/rial society4 ,9 my op9ion ! work+ ( wom5 w be ! greate/ ( ! _m disa/]s t are likely to foll[ & rema9 f ! w>4 ,i wi% ,i _h ! p[] to prev5t x4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 see any way 9 :i* ?is c be done4 ,= "o ?+1 if ! desires ( wom5 are be+ set 9 a direction away f ! home1 ?is1 z ,i h j said1 mu/ c\nt z ! /ronge/ factor ( all4 ,:at wom5 want to d is :at !y are likely 9 ! end to d4 ,s _m wom5 h be5 = long1 & /ill are1 suff]+ f ! delusion t conditions :i* indu/rialism1 ) all its failures 9 ! art ( life1 fir/ e/abli%$1 & :i* w> n[ has made necess>y1 are an advantage to be ma9ta9$ aft] ! ne$ ( w> has made !m unnecess>y4 ,?is is ! great mi/ake4 ,i w\ld emphasise aga9 :at ,i h %[n 9 an e>li] *apt]1#hh t conditions :i* act aga9/ ! home & m>riage 7always dep5d5t on ! individual home7 are sure pro( ( social in/ability4 ,su* conditions are c5turies old2 all ?is flood ( *ange is br++ no?+ t is new4 ,9 all p]iods ( unsettl$ life ! individual home & ! family h be5 ?reat5$4 ,! primitive =m ( m>riage1 ! mat]nal =m1 :]e ! husb& visit$ ! wife 9 h] own home1 is v ne> to ! mo/ mod]n sugge/ions = ! readju/m5t ( m>riage4 ,& ! heavy work+ ( wom5 is a fur!r sign ( di/urbance & ( primitive conditions ( life4 ,x is a /ep backw>d1 n a /ep =w>d4 ,few wom51 h[ev]1 realise t ?is is s4 ,p]haps ?is expla9s :y s _m among !m are talk+ & behav+ to-day z if no m babies 7 desir$ to be born4 ,h[ f> ?is w be c>ri$ ,i d n pr(ess to say4 ,wom5 w h a fre% p[] to refuse ! position ( wife & "m2 ?us x seems likely t !re may be an increas$ option aga9/ m>riage 9 its true & b9d+ =m4 ,& closely connect$ ) ! indep5d5t position ( wom5 w be ! great %ortage1 = ! next decade1 ( m>riageable m51 due to ! kill+ & disablem5ts ( w>4 ,x w be a _w 9 :i* ! proportion ( wom5 w be v high4 ,& al?\gh x w\ld be folly to e/imate precisely h[ ?is great num]ical /r5g? ( "o sex w act1 :e!r x w /r5g!n wom5's position1 or1 z x equally well may1 w less5 _! importance 9 a society cr[d$ ) unwant$ wom51 x is pla9 t x mu/ directly affect ! sexual relation%ips4 ,wom51 accu/om$ :5 "y to control _! own lives & able to be self-support+1 w n only f9d x mu* m difficult to m>ry1 b !y w be 9 a position to get along economically )\t m>riage4 ,to e m>ri$ woman !re are likely to be ?ree or f\r unm>ri$ ones4#hi ,x w also probably be a p]iod ( pov]ty4 ,! economic /ress :i* w> causes w almo/ necess>ily cont9ue 9 ! ye>s :5 we %all all be compell$ to meet ! huge task ( national recov]y t peace mu/ br+4 ,x is possible t = "s ye>s x w be m difficult to ma9ta9 a family ?an x has ev] be5 be=e4 ,?is w be a ?ird factor act+ aga9/ m>riage1 & t5d+ to ma9ta9 z p]man5t ! class ( en]getic1 n /rongly mat]nal & undome/icat$ wom5 work]s4#ij ,9 diff]5t directions also causes v mu* ! same may possibly be act+ to ! same end4 ,! desires ( m5 z well z ! desires ( wom5 may be affect$1 & be turn$ f m>riage & ! duties ( ! family & ! home4 ,_m m5 w n come back out ( ! hell ( w> ! same m5 t ent]$ x4 ,x may n be easy to plan life on ! old rules1 ! safe cu/oms ( civilisation may well c\nt = less4 ,"s m5 w n want to return to ! po/s kept op5 = !m by wom52 to sell tableclo?s to fussy wom51 or to sp5d dull days 9 (fices add+ columns ( figures & address+ envelopes1 may n appe> 8a man's job0 to m5 :o h met ! />k facts ( dea? & life4 ,i d\bt ! zeal ( ! response ( all ^! m5 to ! b9d+ ties ( family life4 ,& 9 ?is way1 x may be1 t _m fa!rs w be cut (f f ! family & turn$ away f desir+ ! sacrifice & duties t *ildr5 entail1 :i* _c fail to act z a fur!r =ce 9 modify+ m>riage4 ,if we try to take an entirely practical view ( ! position1 c]ta9 grave facts mu/1 ,i ?9k1 become evid5t4 ,= side by side ) ^! =ces act+ aga9/ m>riage1 & ! p>5tal sacrifice necess>y to ma9ta9 ! ideal ( ! family1 mu/ be plac$ ! nation's increas$ ne$ = *ildr5--9 p>ticul> = male *ildr54 ,! repair ( ! w> dra9 on ! _w's manhood mu/ fall heavie/ on wom54 ,x is woman :o has borne & br$ & lov$ ea* life t has be5 lo/ by w>4 ,x is %e :o w h to make good ! wa/e4 ,?is is h] bill ( compulsory s]vice4 ,nev] w *ild life h be5 s preci\s z x w be aft] ?is ,_w ,w>4 ,already 9 ?is c\ntry we are beg9n+ to recognise ?is ne$4 ,excell5t "w = ! re/riction ( infant mortality & ! protection ( *ild life is beg9n+ to be und]tak51 & ^! que/ions are receiv+ a practical recognition :i* !y nev] ga9$ 9 ! days ( peace4 ,b mu* m dra/ic action ?an has z yet be5 consid]$ w be ne$$4 ,x is c]ta9ly n inconceivable t ?is ne$ = *ildr5 may lead to *anges bo? 9 our public & private attitudes to _m sexual que/ions4 ,i am hopeful t x may =ce u to face squ>ely _m problems t hi!rto we h turn$ f 9 fe>4 ,speculations on all matt]s connect$ ) m>riage & ! relations betwe5 ! sexes are s haz>d\s t !y are likely to be wrong4 ,i d1 h[ev]1 ?9k t1 hav+ reg>d to ! direction 9 :i* s _m =ces are act+1 ! position 9 reg>d to ! special problem we are consid]+ has become cle>]4 ,monogam\s m>riage & ! home bas$ ^u mat]nity & (fspr+ has got to be sav$4 ,& 9 my op9ion ?is w be done mo/ surely by a frank acceptance1 "u ! almo/ c]ta9 conditions ( ! future1 ( m ?an "o =m ( sexual association4 ,?is proposal is n made lightly4 ,i am n advocat+ su* a c\rse z be+ 9 itself desirable or undesirable4 ,i am attempt+ m]ely to e/imate ! drift & t5d5cy ( ! times1 consid]+ ^? =ces t 7 beg9n+ to act be=e ! w> &1 z ,i ?9k1 mu/ cont9ue1 ev5 ) great] p[]1 aft] ! w>4 ,i sugge/1 !re=e1 ! "o c\rse t seems to me c 9 any practical way help u to be m moral4 ,all ! facts t we h f\nd "w out to =ce u to ! realisation t an increas+ numb] ( wom5 w n be able1 & probably w n desire1 ev5 if !y m>ry1 to be> *ildr54 ,n[1 ,i d n believe 9 *ang+ ! ideal ( m>riage s t its duties no long] b9d wom5 to _! *ildr5 & to ! home4 ,i ?9k x bett] to make provision = o!r p>tn]%ips1 to meet ! sex-ne$s 7= we c cause no?+ b evil by fail+ to meet !m7 ( ! wom5 & m5 :o are n able or d n desire to ent] ! holy bonds ( m>riage & und]take toge!r ! duties & sacrifice inevitable to ! f\nd+ & ma9t5ance ( a family4 ,i "k ! :ole "q is a v difficult "o4 ,let me try to make my position some:at cle>]4 ,i am 9 "o way 9 agreem5t ) ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity 7,i use ! phrase to make my mean+ pla91 & ask indulg5ce if to any "o x seems 9 itself indef5sible74 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* admits ! ne$ ( two /&>ds ( sexual conduct--"s wom5 & m5 are fitt$ = a religi\s life & %\ld b9d !mselves to celibacy2 o!rs ne$ to m>ry1 & to !m m>riage is p]mitt$4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 my view & ! "o j express$ is t1 :]eas x is usual to suppose ! morals ( ! celibate monk or nun sup]ior to ^? ( ! m>ri$ man or woman1 ,i %\ld hold ! opposite op9ion2 x is ! highe/ types ( m5 & wom5 :o w\ld seek to m>ry & be be/ & happie/ if liv+ toge!r z fai?ful man & wife1 z devot$ fa!r & "m4 ,i d1 h[ev]1 hold t !re are o!rs--wom5 z well z m5--)\t ! gifts t make = successful p>5?ood or happy p]man5t m>riage4 ,i w\ld recognise ! div]g5ce ( ^! two r\ghly def9$ classes & let ^? :o _c m>ry be op5ly p]mitt$ to live toge!r 9 tempor>y *ildless unions1 de/9$1 ,i hope1 to %[ to ! _w ! inf]iority ( e type ( ideal ( ! sex relation%ips o!r ?an ! monogam\s union1 :i* fulfils ! completion ( ! woman & ! man 9 ! *ild creat$ by _! love4 ,& fur!r1 ^! /]ile unions w\ld1 by _! *ildlessness1 act to remove = ev] f ! _w ^? unsuit$ to be p>5ts4 ,x is ?is la/ result t matt]s mo/4 ,z long z we =ce ^? unsuit$ = fai?ful mat+ into m>riage & hold !m b\nd aga9/ _! desire1 *ildr5 w be born :o mu/ pay ! p5alty 9 weakness ( "* ( _! p>5ts' s9s aga9/ love4 ,i believe if !re 7 "s op5 recognition ( hon\rable p>tn]%ips outside ( m>riage1 n necess>ily p]man5t1 ) prop] provision = ! future1 gu>d+ ! woman1 :o1 9 my op9ion1 %\ld be 9 all cases protect$1 a provision n dep5d5t on ! g5]osity ( ! man & made aft] ! love :i* sanction$ ! union has wan$1 b decid$ ^u by ! man & ! woman 9 ! =m ( a contract be=e ! relation%ip 0 ent]$ ^u1 !n !re w\ld be _m wom5 ready to und]take su* unions gladly2 !re w\ld be wom5 z well z m5 :o1 ,i believe1 w\ld pref] !m to monogam\s m>riage t b9ds !m p]man5tly to "o p>tn] = life4 ,9 ?is way _m m>riages w\ld be prev5t$ t inevitably come to disa/]4 ,& ?is w\ld leave great] *ances ( m>riage & *ild-be>+ = o!r & m suitable types4 ,x is also possible t su* fri5d%ip-contracts might1 "u pres5t disa/r\s conditions1 be made by ^? :o are unsuitably mat$ & yet are unable1 or d n wi%1 to sev] ! bond betwe5 !m1 ) "s o!r p>tn] !y c\ld love4 ,su* contracts w\ld op5 up possibilities ( hon\rable p>tn]%ips to _m :o mu/ o!rwise suff] f en=c$ sexual ab/95ce or be driv5 into %ameful & secret unions4 ,by ?is means a solution might be f\nd = conditions ( di%on\r 9 our mid/ t we all "k to be !re--di%on\r t1 z f> z ,i am able to see1 is likely to be increas$1 & n less5$1 9 ! ne> future by ! conditions left by w>4 ,moreov]1 pro/itution1 & also ! diseases s closely connect$ ) pro/itution1 w\ld be greatly less5$1 ?\gh ,i d n ?9k t sexual s9s w\ld cease4 ,!re w always be = a v long "t m5 & wom5 :o w be attract$ to wild-love4 ,?is we h to recognise4 ,m5 w\ld n1 h[ev]1 be driv5 to buy sexual relief4#ia ,we h got1 ,i am c]ta91 to recognise t our =m ( p]man5t m>riage--! monogam\s union--_c meet ! sex-ne$s ( all p4 ,to ass]t t x c d ?is is to close our eyes to ! facts we all "k to exi/4 ,! ext5d+ ( ! opportunities ( hon\rable love mu/ be fac$ be=e we c hope = m moral conditions 9 m>riage4 ,i mu/ affirm aga9 h[ necess>y1 9 my op9ion1 is "s k9d ( fix$ public recognition = e =m ( sexual relation%ip betwe5 a man & a woman1 s t !re may be "s accept$ /&>d ( conduct = ! p>tn]s ent]+ into !m4 ,may n some?+ be done n[1 :5 we are be+ =c$ to consid] ^! que/ions1 to make "s su* recognition possible8 ,p>tn]%ips o!r ?an m>riage h _h a place z a recognis$ & gu>d$ in/itution 9 _m old] & m primitive societies1 & x may be1 z ,i h tri$ to %[1 t ! conditions br\ght ^u u aft] ! ,_w ,w> may act 9 =c+ ^u u a simil> acceptance4 ,i believe t1 9 face ( ! _m pa/ disord]s 9 our sexual conduct1 su* a *ange w\ld "w = good & n = evil2 t x w\ld n de/roy m>riage1 b might re-e/abli% its sanctity4 ,! :ole "q ( any sexual relation%ips outside ( m>riage 9 ! pa/ has be5 left 9 ! gutt]1 s to speak1 9 d>kness & concealm5t4 ,?is w\ld be *ang$4 ,x is ! results t h almo/ always foll[$ ^! irregul> unions t h br&$ !m z anti-social acts4 ,b ! des]tion ( wom51 :i* has aris5 f ! conditions ( secrecy "u :i* !y n[ exi/1 w\ld be put to an end4 ,"o reason :y extra conjugal relation%ips are discr$it$ is because ! difficulties plac$ ar\nd !m are s num]\s t1 z a rule1 only ! weak1 ! fooli%1 & ! irresponsible und]take ^! p>tn]%ips4 ,make ^! p>tn]%ips hon\rable & hon\rable m5 & wom5 w ent] into !m4 ,i d n see h[ we c =bid or treat ) bitt]ness any union t is op5ly ent]$ into & 9 :i* ! duties und]tak5 are fai?fully fulfill$4 ,x is our attitude ( blame t has made ?is impossible4 ,i c anticipate an objection t w probably be rais$4 ,:y1 ,i %all be ask$1 if sexual relation%ips are to be ackn[l$g$ outside ( m>riage1 pres]ve m>riage at all8 ,i h answ]$ ?is "q suffici5tly4 ,monogam\s m>riage w be ma9ta9$ because ! great majority ( wom5 & m5 want x to be ma9ta9$4 ,i h affirm$ be=e my own belief 9 ! monogamic union3 ! ideal m>riage is t ( ! man & woman :o h d$icat$ !mselves to ea* o!r = ! life ( bo?1 fai?fully toge!r to fulfil ! duties ( family life4 ,?is is ! true monogamy2 ?is is ! m>riage :i* ,i reg>d z sanctifi$4 ,b ,i1 reg>d+ x z a holy /ate1 w\ld pres]ve x = ^? suit$ = ! b9d+ duties ( ! individual home s intimately connect$ ) x4 ,& ,i d disav[ ! sanctity ( _m pr(ess$ly monogam\s m>riages t are ma9ta9$ only ) ! support ( pro/itution & cl&e/9e loves4 ,squalid intrigues h be5 ! %ad[ ( ! old1 n>r[ moral code4 ,! contract-p>tn]%ips ,i h sugge/$ w d no?+ to *ange ! sanctity ( any true m>riages4 ,& ! answ] ,i w\ld give to ^? :o fe> an increase ( immorality f any op5ly recognis$ provision = sexual p>tn]%ips outside ( p]man5t m>riage is1 t no delib]ate *ange made 9 ! future 9 our sexual conduct c conceivably make moral conditions worse ?an !y h be5 9 ! rec5t pa/4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 e =m ( irregul> union has exi/$ & does exi/ to-day1 b %amefully & hidd54 ,x is c]ta9 t !y w cont9ue1 & t _! numb] w be increas$4 ,i h s\ght to put ^! matt]s z pla9ly z may be 9 ! conviction t no?+ c be ga9$ by concealm5t4 ,any "o :o writes on ! subject ( m>riage re=m is v op5 to misconception4 ,x is n realis$ t ! ef=t ( ! re=m] is n to dim9i% at all ! bonds 9 any sexual p>tn]%ips1 r ! desire is to /r5g!n !m1 b ! =ms ( ! p>tn]%ip w h to be m v>i$1 unless1 inde$1 we pref] to accept unregulat$ & secret vice4 ,matt]s are likely to get worse & n bett]4 ,we %all1 ,i d mo/ s9c]ely believe1 ga9 m morality by do+ :at ,i am plead+ = ?an w be ga9$ 9 any o!r way4 ,! only logical objection t ,i c ?9k ( be+ advanc$ aga9/ an hon\rable recognition ( ^! p>tn]%ips is t1 by do+ away ) all necessity = concealm5ts1 _! numb] is likely to be l>g] ?an if ! old p5alties 7 ma9ta9$4 ,?is is und\bt$ly true2 x is also true t recognition is ! only possible way by :i* su* unions c cease to be %ameful4 ,prohibition & laws1 h[ev] /r+5t1 c d no?+4 ,! pa/ has prov$ _! failure2 !y w fail /ill worse 9 ! future4 ,nor is ! *ange really s great or s />tl+ z at fir/ x may appe> to be4 ,our m>riage 9 its pres5t =m is prim>ily an arrangem5t = ! protection ( ! woman & ! family4 ,:at ,i want is t "s measure1 at lea/1 ( ! protection n[ giv5 to ! legal wife1 %\ld also be af=d$ to all wom5 :o 9 an op5 & hon\rable way fulfil any ( ! same duties4 ,i am n seek+ to make immorality easi]1 t is v f> inde$ f my purpose4 ,^! *anges = :i* ,i am plead+ w make immorality mu* h>d]1 = x w n be s easy z n[ x is to escape f ! responsibilities ( love4 ,no "o c suppose1 ( c\rse1 t ^! *anges c be o!r ?an gradual4 ,!re w be no /age at :i* a l>ge section ( society w give up ! accept$ conv5tion ( concealm5ts ) reg>d to unregulat$ unions1 & w /& p]plex$ z to h[ !y may readju/ _! op9ion & moral judgm5ts on ?is "q4 ,:at w happ5 is ?is4 ,! sl[ ab&onm5t by society ( ! old attitude ( blame & fe>1 z exp]im5ts 9 sexual p>tn]%ip are made1 at fir/ by ! few1 to be foll[$ by an ev] increas+ numb]4 ,:5 ! ne$ = *ange arises1 !n does a *ange come4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,unm>ri$ ,,"m ,! law %\ld help unm>ri$ p>5ts to give adequate protection to _! *ild--,repressive t]rors drive m5 to des]t girls made pregnant ?r\gh _! lu/--,! p5alty = illegitimate p>5tage %\ld n be paid by ! *ild--,at pres5t ! *ild does pay--,figures to %[ ?is--,illegitimate infant dea?-rate--,unm>ri$ "m n able to give prop] c>e to h] *ild--,"s mo!rs unfit to c>e = _! *ildr5--,diff]5t types ( unm>ri$ mo!rs--,f\r cases--,:]e bo? p>5ts work+-class lea/ h>m usually results f bir? ( a love-*ild--,enlight5$ legislation 9 ,sc&9avia--,! law 9 ,engl& & 9 ,france--,good legislation 9 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&--,o!r c\ntries--,five proposals = re=m+ our law4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,unm>ri$ ,,"m 8,! ,briti% ,empire has inve/$ ?\s&s ( its be/ lives to pur*ase future immunity = civilisation4 ,?is inve/m5t is too great to be ?r[n away40--,"r ,hon4 ,d4 ,,lloyd ,,george4 ,"o ( ! mo/ press+ que/ions t we %all h to face 9 ! ne> future is ! attitude & practical action :i*1 z a p1 we are go+ to adopt t[>ds ! unm>ri$ "m & h] *ild4 ,i h s f> said almo/ no?+ ^u ?is problem ( illegitimacy1 ?\gh ! :ole difficult "q is connect$ )1 & is1 9 fact1 closely dep5d5t = its solution on1 ! conclusions we arriv$ at 9 ! prec$+ *apt] on ,sexual ,relation%ips outside ( ,m>riage2 we !n realis$ ! moral advantage t w\ld result f an op5 av[al & ! regulation ( all sexual p>tn]%ips1 ) ! fix+1 z f> z ?is is possible1 ( a /&>d ( conduct to be expect$ & claim$ f ^? :o ent] into !m4 ,i h left ov] ?is "q ( ! *ild on purpose t we may give x special consid]ation4 ,no o!r matt] is ( great] significance to my book on ,mo!rhood ?an is ?is1 & none is deep] 9 my own int]e/ or1 9 my op9ion1 ( m urg5t importance4 ,x is really impossible to evade x mu* long]4 ,!re is obvi\sly some?+ ridicul\s1 at a "t :5 ! fateful importance ( *ild-life is be+ =c$ m & m ^u our att5tion1 to repeat our conv5tional1 unimag9ative & inconsi/5t judgm5ts4 ,we are le>n+ new & %>p lessons4 ,t]rific w> losses are tea*+ gov]nm5ts to consid] ! necessity ( pres]v+ ! new g5]ation ev5 to its la/ & meane/ memb]s4 ,at la/ ! movem5ts to improve ! condition ( illegitimate *ildr51 = :i* _m ( u h = long /ruggl$ 9 va91 h receiv$ new impetus4 ,:at humanity has be5 p[]less to d1 ! mo/ anci5t ( all inhumanities--w>--has sudd5ly accompli%$4 ,& x is well4 ,we _c g on z we h done be=e4 ,we call mo!rhood holy1 & yet we h sanction$ ! sacrifice ( mo!rs1 driv+ !m to crimes1 to abortion1 to *ild-murd]s & to dea?2 we h s5t !m into sweat$ indu/ries2 we h turn$ !m out onto ! /reets1 =c+ !m to *oose betwe5 />vation & pro/itution4 ,we h p]mitt$ ! ye>ly de/ruction ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( little *ildr51 born into a h>d & b>r5 _w )\t ! slighte/ provision = _! physical & m5tal ne$s4 ,at ! same "t1 ! fact has be5 hamm]$ into u ( ! decl9+ bir?-rate4 ,?is has gone on & on1 b we h done no?+ t ! evils may be /opp$ & life take ! place ( unnecess>y dea?4 ,i _c und]/& an attitude :i* simultane\sly condemns ! non-mat]nal woman1 :o does n wi% to be a "m1 accus+ h] ( s9 9 %irk+ ! duty ( be>+ *ildr51 & !n br&s ! unm>ri$ "m to infamy4 ,by ! cruelty ( our law & ! %ort-sight$ness ( our 8moral0 attitude we h work$ to make life a m>tyrdom = ! unm>ri$ "m1 & = ! *ildr5 born out ( w$lock1 :o are smir*$ by u ) ! %ame ( _! illegitimate bir?1 & ?us are =c$ d[nw>d 9 ! h>d /ruggle ( life4 ,& su* fooli% & cruel action has all be5 done 9 ! "n ( morality6 ,let u te> ! mask f ! ly+ face ( our social consci5ce4 ,we ne$ a clean cle>ance ( a moral attitude t really is pr(\ndly immoral4 ,let no "o make a mi/ake4 ,9 plead+ = ^! unhon\r$ mo!rs & _! *ildr51 ,i am n advocat+ illegal p>5tage4 ,!re is a s9 ( illegitimacy1 z pres5tly ,i %all %[4 ,irresponsible p>5tage mu/ always be immoral4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! p>5ts :o behave illegitimately1 n ! *ild1 s9ce x c nev] be ! fault ( any *ild t its p>5ts h br\ght x into ! _w4 ,i w\ld wi% = e *ild t x %\ld be born )9 ! happy safegu>ds ( a true monogam\s m>riage4 ,b ,i _c close my eyes to ! facts ( life4 ,i "k t we %all n be able to make x impossible = extra-conjugal procreation to take place3 love-*ildr5 w be born4 ,& :at we1 9 our curi\s moral muddle-head$ness1 =get is t by p5alis+ ! "m we _c escape ! p5alty be+ paid by ! *ild4 ,our attitude 9 ! pa/ has be5 a reproa* to our social intellig5ce4 ,i am v f> inde$ f any desire to less5 p>5tal responsibility4 ,& if ,i want ! h>%ness ( our law & our moral attitude *ang$1 x is fir/ ( all because ,i wi% to make x possible = unm>ri$ p>5ts--! fa!r z well z ! "m--to give adequate protection to _! *ild4 ,if !y d n d ?is will+ly1 ,i w\ld use ! pressure ( ! law & a /rong public op9ion to br+ !m to _! duty4 ,"u pres5t conditions ?is c nev] be done4 ,x is because our h>%ness does no good t ,i condemn x4 ,! iniquity ( our ba/>dy laws & public op9ion conc]n+ illegitimacy bo? reflect ! ,anglo-,saxon habit ( m9d1 :i* p]si/s 9 ignor+ all social problems aris+ f ! sex relation4 ,we h nev] yet squ>ely fac$ ! "q1 we h j pu%$ x into ! d>kness1 & pret5d$ x 0 n !re4 ,x has ev5 be5 a k9d ( disgrace to br+ x =w>d2 & ! evil & ! wa/e is s hidd5 up t mo/ ( u h be5 q unaw>e ( its imm5se exi/5ce among u4 ,b we _c ?us escape f :at we h done1 or r h left undone4 ,! fact is1 t all our ?\ght on ^! que/ions has be5 obscur$ by ! puritan view ( puni%m5t1 bas$ on ! assumption t h>%ness 9 ! treatm5t ( sexual (f5ces w make = a high] /&>d ( morality4 ,d we really believe ?is8 ,surely ! und]ly+ fallacy ( our morality has always re/$ "h--9 our desire to crucify ! (f5d]4 ,we =get t1 by do+ ?is1 we b op5 ! way to make easy1 ev5 if n inevitable1 ! committal ( fur!r s94 ,by our attitude we drive m5 to des]t ! girls made pregnant ?r\gh _! lu/1 & op5 ! way = !m to escape f responsibility = _! sexual s9s & to dis[n _! fa!rhood2 we d ev]y?+ t we c to enc\rage unfit p>5?ood4 ,few p want to d wrong2 !y drift into wrong2 ! circum/ances are too h>d or _! wills too weak to resi/4 ,we are suff]+ a great deal ( confusion f dem&+ f m5 & wom5 a rule ( conduct 9 sex )\t tak+ any c>e t ! conditions ( life r5d] su* conduct practicable4 ,9 ! la/ *apt] ,i tri$ to make pla9 h[ %ort-sight$ has be5 ! attempt to =ce all types into a s+le m\ld4 ,! plan ,i !re outl9$ = an op5 acceptance ( hon\rable unions outside ( p]man5t m>riage1 w\ld cut at ! roots ( _m ( ^! problems1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 by less5+ ! suff]+s f en=c$ sexual ab/95ce1 w\ld r5d] mu* less frequ5t ^? disgraceful & hidd5 unions :i* result 9 illegitimate bir?s2 x w\ld also mat]ially r$uce ! dire results ( v5]eal diseases1 & w\ld be1 9 my op9ion1 m b5eficial & f>-rea*+ ?an any?+ t yet has be5 propos$4 ,i w\ld affirm aga9 t ,i am n advocat+ lic5se ( conduct4 ,x is necess>y to proclaim allegiance to ! ,god ( morals1 :o has proclaim$ = ev] 8?\ %alt0 & 8?\ %alt n40 ,b x is necess>y also to und]/& t repressive t]rors may drive m5 & wom5 into great] s9s4 ,our ba/>dy laws act directly 9 ?is immoral way4 ,! *ild born ( unm>ri$ p>5ts has be5 br&$ "u ,*ri/ian tea*+ z 8! *ild ( s910 & condemn$ f its bir? z a memb] ( an unclean ca/e4 ,b1 f ! po9t ( view ( practical morality1 ?is id5tification ( ! *ild ) ! s9 ( its p>5ts is :olly unju/ifiable4 ,! urg5t duty t re/s ^u u all is ! duty ( tak+ action to prev5t ! p5alty = ! s9 ( illegitimate p>5tage be+ paid by ! *ild4 ,x is common s5se1 aft] all4 ,we h to rememb] t ! bir? ( e *ild--& x matt]s n at all :e!r ! bir? is legal or illegal--is always ! introduction ( a new individual into ! community4 ,bir? is n a p]sonal fact only1 b a social fact1 9 :i* ! ,/ate _c fail to be conc]n$4 ,! effect 9 increas+ ! infantile dea?-rate & ! mis]y caus$ 9 physical & m5tal unfitness 9 ! *ildr5 :o survive1 are ! result ( our bl9d action4 ,?is is :at we h to *ange4 ,= x is su* social wa/e t makes our cruel ba/>dy laws s absurd4 ,aft] all1 y _c g on indef9itely enc\rag+ ! production ( wa/rels4 ,x is ! practical "q ( heal? & social well-be+ t we ne$ to consid] 9 re=m+ our laws4 ,! practical aspects ( ! "q are s]i\s4 ,illegitimacy has a f> clos] relation ?an is g5]ally und]/ood to ! racial wa/age :i* x helps to fe$4 ,c]ta9ly x looms l>ge z a factor 9 social dis9tegration--9 ! deg5]ation :i* leads to ! /reets & to ! prison1 & ! ev]-increas+ ho/s ( ! subm]g$4 ,! ,m9ority ,report ( ! ,royal ,commission]s on ! ,poor ,law #aiji1 = in/ance1 e/imates 7no def9ite /ati/ics hav+ be5 kept67 t 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 9 ea* ye> are born ov] #ae1jjj *ildr5 9 ! ,poor ,law in/itutions1 & ( ^! #cj p] c5t4 are legitimate & #gj p] c5t4 illegitimate4 ,! ye>ly h>ve/ ( ^! %ame-br&$ *ildr5 appe>s almo/ incr$ibly great4 ,r\ghly e/imat+1 9 ,great ,brita9 7exclud+ ,irel&7 !re are #ej1jjj illegitimate bir?s 9 ea* ye>--t is to say1 ab\t "o million ( ^! *ildr5 are born 9 ?is l& 9 a s+le g5]ation4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,9 ,engl&1 un=tunately1 /ill-born bir?s are n requir$ to be regi/]$2 7 ^! record$ ! illegitimate bir?-rate w\ld be mu* high] ?an ! pres5t /ati/ics %[4 ,9 ^? c\ntries :]e ! records are kept1 ! numb] ( /ill-born illegitimate bir?s is always high] ?an x is = *ildr5 born "u ! protection ( m>riage4 ,& to ?is va/ ho/ ( helpless *ildr5 we1 9 ?is l&1 give almo/ no protection4 ,9 ! ,engli% law !y h no fa!r4 ,!y are filii nullius--nobody's *ildr52 )\t k92 !y h no rights ( inh]itance4 ,all ?r\gh life !y are br&$4 ,! *ild 9 ,engl& is n legitimis$ ev5 on ! subsequ5t m>riage ( its p>5ts4 ,9 ,scotl& ?is inju/ice is n f\nd4 ,! illegitimate *ild becomes legitimate by ! simple & natural process ( its fa!r m>ry+ its "m4 ,c ! cruelty ( our ,engli% law h any positive value8 ,x is difficult to ?9k s4 ,aside f s5tim5tality1 aside ev5 f ! value or wor?lessness ( punitive measures1 "h is a law t /&s z a direct ob/acle aga9/ "r & responsible conduct4 ,& :at is ! result8 ,! infant mortality rate1 high z x is = ! *ildr5 ( m>ri$ p>5ts1 is d\bl$ & m ?an d\bl$ 9 ! case ( illegitimate *ildr54 ,?ree times z _m *ildr5 born out ( w$lock die be=e rea*+ adolesc5ce1 z comp>$ ) ^? *ildr5 born "u ! protection ( ! law4 ,?9k j a little ( ! real significance ( ?is al>m+ly high infant dea?-rate2 ^! tell-tale figures are ! pro( ( our failure4 ,d !y n speak ( a wa/e ( infant life :i*1 if = practical reasons only1 we _c suff] to g on8 ,?is fact ( ,engl&'s ne$ = *ildr5 %\ld drive u on to action4 ,"h1 z 9 _m o!r cases ( indiff]5ce1 we h fail$ to recognise t life--! "o ?+ )\t :i* all else mu/ p]i%--has be5 slipp+ f u by our c>elessness1 9 a way t ?reat5s ! :ole future & well-be+ ( our race4 ,9 _m t[ns 9 ,engl& ! illegitimate dea?-rate ( infants "u "o ye> has increas$1 & /ill is increas+ to an ext5t t ought to give al>m4 ,9 ,london ! illegitimate infant dea?-rate is m ?an twice z high z ! legitimate4 ,! exact figures v>y 9 diff]5t bor\ghs3 ?us 9 ,popl> ! numb] ( legitimate infant dea?s p] ?\s& is #aba4e z aga9/ #bha4bd illegitimate1 :]eas ,w&swor? has #ig z ! dea?-rate ( legitimate *ildr5 & #bgf = illegitimate4 ,9 ! city ( ,man*e/]1 :]e ! dea?-rate ( legitimates is #afi1 t ( illegitimates is #cfb4 ,9 "o division 7,clayton7 x is #ehc1 9 ano!r 7,blackley7 x is z high z #ffg4 ,bri/ol1 aga91 has a legitimate dea?-rate ( #abd p] ?\s& & an illegitimate ( #cdi2 ,leice/]1 #acj aga9/ #cgg2 ,c>diff1 #abd aga9/ #cdi2 :ile ,cambridge1 ) a legitimate dea?-rate z l[ z #ha p] ?\s&1 has an illegitimate rate ( #bgf4 ,! mean+ ( ^! figures is pla93 ! unm>ri$ "m _c give prop] c>e to h] *ild1 z a rule %e _c fe$ x1 &1 depriv$ ( its natural n\ri%m5t1 x is m likely to die1 &1 if x lives1 x w be less /rong to meet life4 ,?is is prov$ by ! vital /ati/ics1 :i* %[ t ! illegitimate babies1 unlike legitimate babies1 are n /rick5 ) dea? 9 ! fir/ week ( infant life2 !y die m frequ5tly 9 ! second mon? ?an 9 ! fir/1 & m frequ5tly 9 ! ?ird ?an 9 ! second mon?4 ,illegitimates at bir? are equal to legitimate *ildr52 inde$1 f ^! /ati/ics !y w\ld seem to be born /rong]4 ,x is evid5t t ! high dea?-rate among !m is caus$ only by defective nutrition & want ( suffici5t c>e4 ,9 o!r words1 ^! *ildr5 are kill$ ne$lessly by our neglect4 ,= ! s9 ( _! dea?s re/s ^u ea* & all ( u1 until we rise up & refuse to accept conditions t p]mit *ildr5 to be born only to die4 ,& :ile y grasp ! (f5ce ( ^! facts1 d n be consol$ by ?9k+ t ?is op5 infantile slaught] is ! only or inde$ ! greate/1 evil t foll[s f our indiff]5ce4 ,no /ati/ics c d m ?an %ad[ ! ext5t ( ! wrong2 mo!rhood br\ght to despair--! *ild-murd]s t =tunately rema9 hidd51 ! secret abortions1 ! conceal$ bir?s1 ! /ill-born *ildr5 :o might h be5 born alive4 ,we h suff]$ ^! ?+s4 ,b x is ! race t pays & rots2 ! p5alty = our s9s ( neglect is paid by ^! innoc5t little ones4 ,let me at ?is place ins]t a brief digression to po9t out "o p>ticul> t x is v necess>y = u to rememb]4 ,!re are _m types among ^! unm>ri$ mo!rs1 z _m z !re are among m>ri$ wom52 & "s w\ld be good mo!rs did we all[ !m ! opportunity1 o!rs w\ld n be good mo!rs "u any circum/ances1 because !y are weak 9 "* & are incapable ( mat]nal sacrifice4 ,n[1 ! problem ( ! sav+ ( ! *ild is q a sep>ate "o 9 ^! opposite cases3 9 ! "o in/ance ev]y?+ ought to be done to keep ! *ild ) its "m1 9 ! o!r ! "o safegu>d is to keep ! *ild :olly out ( ! "m's p[]4 ,i w give ! read] f\r cases f my own k to make ?is fact cle>]2 !y w1 ,i believe1 speak m =cibly ?an any m]e /atem5t ( my own op9ion4 ,! fir/ case %[s illegitimacy at its v l[e/--mo!rhood made a crime4 ,! facts 7 told to me by a doctor fri5d on ^: ^w ,i c rely absolutely4 ,a company ( five or six m5 7 ga!r$ 9 "s outbuild+s ( a c\ntry f>m1 among !m 0 "o :o 0 half-witt$4 ,9 an adjo9+ b>n 0 a girl1 also half-witt$4 ,! m5 jok$ "o ) ano!r2 a bet 0 made1 & ! half-witt$ man 0 s5t to seek ! girl4 ,?is he did1 & z ! result ( ?is hide\s act a *ild 0 born & liv$4 ,i d n "k :at became ( x4 ,9 ! second case also ! woman 0 q unfitt$ to be a "m1 ?\gh h] "* & ! circum/ances 7 z diff]5t z possible4 ,?is "t ! "m 0 highly born & educat$4 ,?\gh ,i knew h] fairly well1 ,i 0 unacqua9t$ ) h] family hi/ory1 :i* probably w\ld %[ _m features ( great int]e/4 ,%e 0 ( neurotic temp]am5t1 & belong$ to ! type ,i h class$ z ! sir5 woman4 ,%e _h sev]al lov]s1 z %e 0 /rongly sexual4 ,by "o ( ^! m51 & by mi/ake1 a *ild 0 born4 ,! fa!r refus$ to accept ! responsibilities ( 8 fa!rhood1 ?\gh he did n d5y t ! *ild 0 84 ,! "m also _h no love = x1 & ! little "o w\ld h be5 neglect$ & probably w\ld h di$4 ,b1 :5 ab\t two mon?s old1 ! *ild 0 tak5 f its "m & c>$ = & mo/ t5d]ly lov$ by "o ( ! woman's lov]s4 ,he left h]1 z h] indiff]5ce to h] *ild kill$ 8 affection1 b he took h] *ild to br+ up z 8 own son4 ,! ?ird case is m usual1 & %[s u illegitimacy z x mo/ commonly occurs4 ,! ev5ts happ5$ 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 :]e once ,i liv$4 ,! girl 0 well kn[n to me4 ,%e 0 ( respectable p>5tage1 & v beautiful2 %e w\ld h made a good "m4 ,! fa!r did n live 9 ! same village1 & ,i did n "k him2 b ,i he>d he 0 "y & /rong2 he 0 ! g>d5] at ! place :]e ! girl 0 s]vant2 probably ! *ild w\ld h be5 heal?y4 ,b ! girl 0 s5t f h] situation z soon z h] condition 0 kn[n to h] ,*ri/ian 767 mi/ress2 lat] %e 0 driv5 f h] home by h] fanatically religi\s 767 fa!r4 ,?us h\nd$ to dea? & to crime %e s\ght refuge 9 a disus$ qu>ry2 %e 0 !re = two days )\t food4 ,x 0 w9t]4 ,:5 we f\nd h]1 h] *ild _h be5 born & 0 dead4 ,aft]w>ds ! girl w5t mad4#ib ,i w add no comm5t1 because ,i feel q unable to write calmly4 ,i c only record my belief t "u a m moral public op9ion & san] social organisation su* crimes ( mo!rs aga9/ _! *ildr5 w\ld be impossible4 ,infanticide is committ$ always1 ,i believe1 "u ! bit+ pressure ( want & despair4 ,! la/ case is 9 %>p contra/ ) all ! o!rs1 & %[s responsible mo!rhood outside ( m>riage4 ,! woman "h is /rong & passionate & deeply mat]nal1 b1 unable to m>ry ! man %e loves1 because he is m>ri$ already1 b to a woman :o has no desire to be a "m1 %e *ooses1 !re=e1 to be> 8 *ild4 ,i "k sev]al simil> unions4 ,"s ( ^! h be5 tempor>y1 "s h la/$1 b 9 ea* case ! woman has _h /r5g? ( "* & a social position :i* h made x practicable = h] ?us to ass]t h] "r to mo!rhood4 ,su* cases we may leave alone4 ,i d n ?9k any "o ( u %\ld condemn su* action4 ,! imm5se pity is t wom5 ( ?is /rong mat]nal type %\ld by any cause be kept f m>riage4 ,!y are ! fitte/ wives & mo!rs4 ,! relation betwe5 m>riage & illegitimacy is a v close "o2 any cause t h9d]s e>ly m>riage mu/ t5d to enc\rage ! increase ( illegal unions4#ic ,! "q is1 h[ev]1 a v difficult "o4 ,& ,i am n fully conv9c$ ( ! wisdom ( p]man5t m>riage be+ und]tak5 at s "y an age t *ance bir?s w\ld be prev5t$2 at any rate1 ! dang] w\ld be great until our "y wom5 & "y m5 are m sanely educat$ 9 sex4 ,! "y h v little und]/&+ ( _! own ne$1 & no exp]i5ce ( life2 & = ?is reason a way might be op5$ up t1 aft] m>riage1 w\ld lead to ev5 m h>mful loos5ess ( conduct4 ,already num]\s illegitimate bir?s are ! result ( unhappy m>riages4 ,?is happ5s1 p]haps1 mo/ frequ5tly among ! work+ classes1 ?\gh ,i am n sure1 & x may be only t among !m ! facts ( su* bir?s are m op5ly kn[n4 ,! fe> ( ano!r *ild to ! too-h>d-work$ "m is (t5 v great1 & ?is 7:5 ! means to prev5t conception are n kn[n7 causes h] to refuse to h int]c\rse ) h] husb&1 :i* all too frequ5tly s5ds him to ano!r woman4 ,unm>ri$ mo!rs are ov]:elm+ly prepond]ant among ! economically weak1 9 p>ticul>1 among s]vant girls1 factory work]s1 laundry h&s1 waitresses1 & all classes ( day work]s4 ,?is does n necess>ily prove great] loos5ess ( conduct among ^! classes1 & ! m num]\s illegitimate bir?s are1 ( c\rse1 expla9$ to a great ext5t by ! fact t among ! bett]-educat$ girls means to prev5t conception are us$2 illegitimate bir?s are also v frequ5tly hidd54 ,?is1 9 p>ticul>1 happ5s :]e bo? p>5ts belong to ! upp] classes ( society4 ,x is also frequ5t ) ! g5tleman fa!r & ! "m ( a l[] social class4 ,& "h1 be=e ,i g fur!r1 ,i mu/ aga9 give w>n+ aga9/ ! ov]-ha/y view1 t m5 & _! uncontroll$ passions are alone responsible4 ,?is op9ion1 once held by me 9 common ) mo/ wom51 ,i h be5 compell$ to give up4 ,s$uction _c1 ,i believe1 be accept$1 )\t v great caution1 z ! *ief cause ( illegitimate bir?s4 ,x is s com=table to place ! s9s ( sex on m5's passions4 ,b ,i d\bt v mu* if any woman c be made a "m aga9/ h] own w4 ,i am incl9$ to believe t excitem5t & escape f dulness1 z also ! joy 9 receiv+ pres5ts1 are ! pr9cipal motives t at fir/ lead girls into illegal relations4#id ,we f9d t pat]nity is ackn[l$g$ mo/ frequ5tly 9 ^? cases :]e ! fa!r belongs to a l[] social level1 :]e he loses less by op5 behavi\r4 ,9 ^! classes ! man1 unless prev5t$ by a pre-exi/+ tie1 usually m>ries ! "m at a lat] p]iod1 & he does n despise h]4 ,! woman's s9 is n z a rule tak5 too tragically4 ,if ! fa!r ( h] *ild does n m>ry h]1 x is q possible = h] to f9d ano!r husb&1 :o1 z a rule1 acts z a fa!r to h] love-*ild4 ,= ^! reasons ! lea/ moral & economic dang]s1 alike to ! *ild & its "m1 occur :5 bo? ! fa!r & ! "m belong to ! work+ classes4 ,?is is n1 h[ev]1 always true4 ,! :ole "q is a difficult "o2 ! fur!r we inquire1 ! m /rongly does ?is appe>4 ,we le>n t !re is no "o type ( ! unm>ri$ "m1 no "o cause ( ! evil ( illegitimacy1 no "o rem$y t w cure x4 ,we _c wisely be too hopeful4 ,b ?is is n an excuse = our indiff]5ce4 ,our sy/em ( ignor+ ?is "q & ( =c+ ! unm>ri$ "m into %ame1 ) its incr$ible %ort-sight$ness & culpable lack ( help & discrim9ation1 is prov$ out-(-date1 because we n[ "k t x is useless4 ,x does n prev5t illegitimate bir?s1 = no law c *ange ! sexual nature ( m5 & wom54 ,z ?+s /& ) u at pres5t1 hon\rable or ev5 dec5t conduct 9 illegal sexual relation%ips has a poor *ance ( be+ cultivat$2 b ^? :o realise t ?is is ! case are /ill v few4 ,x is because ,i h come to realise ?is t ,i h urg$1 ) all ! p[] ,i h1 an op5 recognition ( ^! hidd5 relation%ips z ! only way to save !m f disgrace & %ame4 ,i hope to h made x cle> t ,i am n ?9k+ ( less5+ responsibility 9 ask+ = a *ange 9 our law4 ,i am n at all advocat+ any s5tim5tal legislation2 we h _h q en\gh ( t4 ,x is an intellig5t insight t consid]s causes & _! effects t we ne$ to-day 9 ! adm9i/ration ( our laws4 ,all ?9k]s are com+ to see ! wa/e ( ! old sy/em4 ,! mod]n t5d5cy is to place rem$y 9 lieu ( puni%m5t4 ,?us1 we ne$ sc>cely d\bt t we are approa*+ ! acceptance ( a m truly moral code1 bas$ on ! ne$ ( protection = ! *ild4 ,x is ?is1 & ?is alone1 t %\ld guide u 9 ! re=m ( our laws4 ,! life ( e *ild mu/ be safegu>d$1 n on s5tim5tal or ev5 on e?ical gr\nds1 b = ! sake ( ! heal? & effici5cy ( our race4 ,?is practical morality is :at we ne$4 ,! ,/ate mu/ h heal?y *ildr51 & by any neglig5ce 9 work+ to ?is end x inflicts s]i\s *>ges ^u itself1 & at ! same "t dang]\sly impairs its effici5cy 9 ! future4 ,! nationalisation ( heal?y *ildr5 is ( mu* great] importance ?an ! nationalisation ( education4 ,x has ne$$ ! cata/rophe ( ,w> to =ce ^u mod]n ,/ates a j recognition ( _! obligations to mo!rhood & ! *ild-life ^u :i* _! v exi/5ce dep5ds4 ,to a surpris+ & gratify+ degree ! position ( ! illegitimate *ild is be+ discuss$ 9 all c\ntries1 & practical rem$ies are be+ f\nd = "s ( ! wor/ evils1 by associations = ! protection ( mo!rhood & by *anges 9 ! law4 ,mu* wise legislation already has be5 pass$ by progressive ,/ates4 ,among ourselves1 h[ev]1 little has z yet be5 done4#ie ,:y is ?is8 ,i "k t re=ms t matt] are n easy to make4 ,our legislators seem to me z bl9d fight]s1 deal+ bl[s t sometimes hit ! m>k by *ance1 b m usually miss x4 ,! difficulty ( br++ ab\t any *ange 9 our laws is c]ta9ly v great1 = respect ( ! law is1 p]haps1 ! guid+ pr9ciple ( ,engli% life4 ,s f> any movem5t t[>ds re=m has be5 9 ! h&s ( private individuals1 & only ! few h c>$ at all4 ,& !re ! matt] re/s1 & !re x w re/1 until our politicians are by u driv5 into action4 ,x is ?is = :i* ,i am hop+4 ,= ,i d n believe t great *anges 9 ?+s t really matt] are (t5 br\ght ab\t by ,acts ( ,p>liam5t4 ,p>liam5t may regi/] ! re=ms1 may try to modify or *eck !m2 x does n create !m4 ,x is public op9ion t does ?is4 ,:5 we really c>e = ! inju/ice ) :i* we treat ! illegitimate *ild1 our ba/>dy laws w be *ang$4 ,till !n we %all g on z we h done1 enunciat+ moral platitudes 9 :i* few ( u believe & rais+ s5tim5tal limitations1 b we %all be cont5t to muddle on1 c>eless ( ! evils we are s[+ by our c>elessness4#if ,yet ,i d n despair2 a *ange is com+4 ,! widespread int]e/1 & also ! m practical & moral view tak5 by ! majority ( p1 dur+ ! agitation on ! suppos$ exi/5ce ( ! 8w>-babies10 7 to me a v hopeful sign4 ,x is true ! agitation 0 %ort-liv$3 soon we 7 told x 0 unnecess>y4 ,no?+ 0 done4 ,! lesson mu/ be driv5 deep] & !n public op9ion w awak5 to ! k t ! conditions caus+ illegitimacy & its disa/]s are pres5t 9 times ( peace z well z 9 times ( w>4 ,9 ! meantime1 x may be salut>y = u to "k ! action t o!r c\ntries are tak+ 9 ?is "q4 ,c]ta9ly we h mu* to le>n4 ,our law1 9 ?is matt] ( protection = ! unm>ri$ "m & ma9t5ance = h] *ild1 lags f> beh9d t ( o!r c\ntries1 & is "o example only1 out ( _m1 ( our hide-b\nd atta*m5t to anci5t abuses4 ,= ! mo/ enlight5$ legislative advances we h to look to ,sc&9avia1 ! bir?-l& ( ,ell5 ,key4 ,surely x is due to h] b5efic5t influ5ce t ! position ( ! ba/>d *ild & its "m has be5 fac$ ) a q new practical effici5cy2 & z a result con/ructive legislation has be5 wisely und]tak51 :i* w fix ! rights ( ! illegitimate *ild & en=ce responsible conduct ^u bo? its p>5ts4 ,9 ,norway a bill1 prep>$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 0 laid be=e ! ,/or?+ 9 #aiji1 8^: simple b revolution>y int5tion 0 to give e *ild two p>5ts4 ,x aim$ to equalise illegitimate *ildr5 & legitimate *ildr5 be=e ! law3 t is1 to give ! illegitimate *ild ! "r to a fa!r40#ig ,?is bill1 z "o might expect1 met ) opposition2 x 0 adopt$ z law only 9 #aiae4 ,i wi% x 7 possible = me to give 9 detail all ! bill's wise enactm5ts4 ,ev5 its title1 ,law ,conc]n+ ,*ildr5 ,^: ,p>5ts ,h ,n ,m>ri$ ,ea* ,o!r1 is significant4 ,! unju/ /igma 8illegitimate10 z appli$ to ! innoc5t *ild1 has be5 disc>d$4 ,?is gives ! clue to ! int5tion ( ! bill4 ,x is conc]n$ 7#a7 ) ! welf>e ( ! *ild1 sav+ x f social disgrace & ! position ( legal disadvantage :i* hi!rto has be5 ! lot ( half-p>5t$ *ildr52 7#b7 ) ! fix+ ( bo? p>5ts' responsibilities1 s t no man or woman may escape ! results ( _! sexual acts4 ,und5iably "h is a law t at once is moral z well z practical 9 its aims4 ,& ! d\ble accompli%m5t is n s difficult z might at fir/ ?\ght appe>4 ,no cumb]some rules are laid d[n1 difficult ( application & likely to fail 9 _! work+2 inde$1 :at mo/ impresses "o is ! obvi\s simple common s5se ( ^! measures4 ,7 ,i y\ng]1 ,i %\ld feel sure t n[ ,norway has %[n u s spl5didly :at to d 9 ?is matt]1 & h[ easily "r c be done1 ,engl& & all o!r c\ntries w\ld ha/5 to act 9 prompt & glad imitation2 b life has taught me t x is j ! v simple ?+s to "r :at is wrong t z a rule we nev] d4 ,let u glance at ! ,norwegian bill4 ,i c give only ! briefe/ summ>y ( its pr9cipal clauses4 7#a7 ,a *ild ^: p>5ts h n m>ri$ ea* o!r has a "r to ! surname ( its fa!r4 7#b7 ,! *ild is entitl$ to dem& f bo? 8 p>5ts adequate support & education4 ,! am\nt to be contribut$ by ea* p>5t = support to be dep5d5t on ! economic position ( ! fa!r & to be decid$ by ! au?ority appo9t$ = t purpose4 ,! co/ ( ! *ild's education to be borne z f> z possible by bo? p>5ts4 7#c7 ,on ! dea? ( ! p>5ts1 ! *ild to h full rights ( inh]itance4 ,by ^! means ! *ild born )\t ! protection ( m>riage is giv5 special protection by ! law1 s t 9 g5]al 8 position is ! same z t ( ! legitimate *ild4 ,& 9 ?is way ! *ild is sav$1 :ile ! p>5ts are puni%$ = _! c>eless s9 9 ! "o wise way1 by =c+ !m to und]take ! same responsibilities !y w\ld h _h to fulfil to _! *ild if !y _h n act$ illegitimately4 ,b m ev5 ?an ?is is necess>y2 ! *ild mu/ be sav$ = heal?y life be=e bir?1 z well z be+ ma9ta9$ & educat$ aft] x is born1 & ?is c be done only by tak+ c>e ( ! "m4 ,! ,norwegian bill1 !re=e1 provides = ?is to be done2 ! fa!r is to be> 8 "r %>e ( ! responsibilities ( ! bir?4 ,?us1 ! man has to pay ! exp5ses ( ! woman's conf9em5t2 8 obligations 9 ?is respect ext5d+ to provid+ ma9t5ance dur+ ?ree mon?s ( pregnancy & six weeks foll[+ conf9em5t1 :i* ma9t5ance may be ext5d$ to a p]iod ( n9e mon?s if ! "m keeps ! *ild ) h] & nurses x = t l5g? ( "t4 ,b ! mo/ revolution>y clause ( ! bill relates to ^? cases :]e1 ow+ to ! loose "* ( ! "m1 or = o!r reasons1 pat]nity _c be fix$4 ,! promot]s ( ! bill1 kn[+ t x is j ^! *ildr5 :o mo/ ne$ protection1 has provid$ = _! fa!rhood 9 ! foll[+ simple1 b wise1 mann]3 ,:]e x is n possible to fix ) c]ta9ty ! man :o is ! begett] ( ! *ild1 ! responsibilities & obligations ( ! fa!r %all re/ ^u any man :o has _h sex relations ) ! "m at su* a "t t 9 ! c\rse ( nature he might be ! fa!r ( h] *ild4 ,9 ^? cases :]e sev]al m5 h _h int]c\rse ab\t ! same "t ) ! "m1 !n ea* ( !m w be acc\nt$1 9 "p1 z ! fa!r1 & mu/ contribute to ! *ild's support1 ! am\nt to be paid by ea* to be det]m9$ by ! au?ority prescrib$4 ,& ! same rule w hold ) reg>d to ! conf9em5t exp5ses ( ! "m4 ,x w\ld be difficult to ov]-emphasise ! f>-rea*+ effects ( su* an enactm5t4 ,s f> ! plea1 8,!re 7 o!rs10 :at ! law calls ! exceptio plurium1 has s]v$ to free m5 f all ! responsibility = irregul> connections4 ,"u ! ,sc&9avian law !re is n[ no su* way ( escape4 ,anonym\s p>5?ood at la/ is recognis$ z a crime aga9/ society4 ,! only plea n[ all[$ 9 ,norway to any man is t he has _h no sexual int]c\rse ) ! "m1 o!rwise he becomes liable = ! *ild's support1 :i* he may h to be> alone or 9 p>tn]%ip ) o!r m5 :o are also adjudg$ to be possible fa!rs4 ,"h is a law to re-e/abli% ! fa!r's responsibility4 ,x also closes "o ( ! wide/ doors :]eby pr(ligacy has be5 made easy4 ,casual & transi5t unions w no long] be able to be ent]$ into )\t any ?\ght ( ! consequ5ces4 ,is an act ( su* cle> morality z ?is "o impossible = u 9 ,engl&8 ,i fe> t at pres5t x is4 ,:at1 !n1 h we done 9 ?is ,*ri/ian l& = ! unm>ri$ "m & h] *ild8 ,x is little en\gh t hi!rto has be5 held to be necess>y4 ,! fa!r1 if he c be caught & 8 pat]nity prov$1 may be compell$ to pay a few %ill+s weekly to ! "m = alim5t4 ,"u no circum/ances c he be made to pay m ?an five %ill+s2 ?is sum is deem$ to be suffici5t :atev] 8 f9ancial or social /atus4 ,moreov]1 ! paym5ts = ! *ild cease :5 x rea*es ! age ( sixte52 & ! law makes no provision t ! *ild mu/ be tra9$ = a livelihood4 ,no help :atev] is claim$ to ensure = ! "m prop] conditions dur+ h] conf9em5t & ! necess>y re/ be=e & aft]w>ds to enable h] to nurse h] *ild4 ,fur!r tr\ble arises = ! "m f ! co/s & difficulties ( ! law4 ,improvem5ts h ( late be5 made 9 ?is respect2 b mu* m waits to be done4#ih ,! difficulties t h h9d]$ moral & responsible conduct are really little %ort ( comic4 ,x w\ld seem t ! object ( our ba/>dy laws 0 r to protect ! fa!r & to r5d] pr(ligacy easy ?an to aid ! *ild or its "m4 ,i ask1 ,is ?is ju/ice8 ,is x ev5 common s5se8 ,"o pla9 result is t a small p]c5tage only--x is /at$ by "s to be z l[ z five p] c5t4--( unm>ri$ mo!rs ev] apply to e/abli% pat]nity & claim alimony f ! man4 ,x is mu* easi] = ! woman to g on to ! /reets2 ! army ( pro/itutes e ye> is recruit$ by _m ?\s&s ( ^! girls4 ,! puni%m5t = ! s9 ( an illegitimate bir? falls on "o p>tn] 9 ! act2 ! man escapes 8 paym5t4 ,! b>ri]s t h be5 plac$ 9 ! pa? ( ! unm>ri$ "m af=d c]ta9 pro( ( h[ greatly we are 9 ne$ ( fur!r *anges 9 ! law4 ,^! %\ld be made at once4 ,o!r c\ntries are realis+ ?is & are n fail+ to act4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! l&s ( our ,allies1 :]e1 9 ,france1 action at la/ has be5 tak5 reg>d+ ! fam\s ,napoleonic edict1 ,la re*]*e de la pat]nit e/ int]dite4 ,9 #aiac ?is prohibition 0 quietly expung$2 &1 9 c]ta9 cases1 ! *ild born out ( w$lock n[ has ! "r to its fa!r's "n & nationality1 & to half ! prop]ty :i* w\ld h desc5d$ by law to a legitimate *ild4 ,aga91 a law has j rec5tly be5 pass$ by ! ,russian ,duma by :i* ! fa!r ( an illegitimate *ild is made responsible = ! bir?3 he mu/ keep ! "m until su* "t z %e is fit to e>n h] own liv+4 ,9 ,au/ralia1 :]e wom5 possess a l>g] %>e ?an else:]e 9 mak+ & adm9i/]+ ! law1 mu* practical att5tion has be5 giv5 to ^! matt]s & a numb] ( re=ms h be5 made :i* act directly 9 help+ ! *ild4 ,?us1 9 ,s\? ,au/ralia1 pat]nity may be prov$ by ! "m be=e ! bir? ( ! *ild2 :5 ?is is done1 ! fa!r mu/ furni% security1 by ord] ( a magi/rate1 t he w f9d lodg+ = ! "m = "o mon? be=e & "o mon? aft] h] conf9em5t1 z well z pay ! doctor & ! nurse1 & provide clo?+ = ! *ild4 ,aft] ! *ild is born1 ! fa!r pays a weekly sum1 at ! decision ( ! magi/rate1 to ! "m = its ma9t5ance4 ,*ildr5 are legitimis$ on ! m>riage ( _! p>5ts4 ,9 ,new ,zeal& 7aga9 a l& :]e wom5's influ5ce is /rong7 an illegitimate *ild is n[ regi/]$ 9 ! "n ( ! fa!r1 :]e pat]nity is prov$4 ,*anges 9 ! law1 all fav\rable to ! legal position ( ! *ild1 h be5 made 9 ,d5m>k1 9 ,sw$51 & 9 ,switz]l&4 ,9 ?is la/ c\ntry ! ba/>d has all ! rights ( a *ild born 9 m>riage1 :5 once pat]nity has be5 recognis$4 ,& if ! "m fails to f9d ! fa!r1 ! *ild himself1 or 8 gu>dian1 c take proce$+s4 ,a simil> law1 rec5tly enact$1 is n[ 9 =ce 9 ,sw$53 9 ,d5m>k ! fa!r supports ! *ild up to ! age ( eighte52 he provides = ! "m = "o mon? be=e & "o mon? aft] ! bir? ( ! *ild4 ,! money = su* help is paid to ! "m by ! au?orities1 & is aft]w>ds claim$ by !m f ! fa!r4 ,?is may seem ( small importance1 yet x is our c>elessness 9 su* details t1 9 great measure1 causes ! utt] futility ( our laws4 ,i w\ld ask y to consid] v c>efully ^! diff]5t wise & practical measures4 ,d !y n %[ m common s5se ?an our me?ods8 ,are !y n m 9 l9e ) ! mod]n _s--! _s1 t is1 ( intellig5t seek+ = ! advantage ( ! *ild8 ,& "h at l5g? d we n see ! way t 9 ! future may lead u to m moral action & great] ju/ice 9 ! fram+ ( our laws8 ,a wid] k has gr[n ) our inquiry & an und]/&+ ( :at we h to d4 ,! welf>e ( ! *ild is ! "o consid]ation t matt]s4 ,i mu/ drive ?is fact home aga91 ev5 ?\gh ,i risk we>y+ my read]s ) repetition3 our pres5t immoral laws are practically equival5t to free+ ! man f 8 obligations z a fa!r2 !y drive unm>ri$ mo!rs to dea? & pro/itution2 !y are ! direct cause ( infanticide4 ,aga9 ,i w\ld urge practical & prompt action1 :i* alone c br+ u ne>] to moral conduct by mak+ responsibility a necess>y condition ( all sexual relation%ips1 h[ev] c>elessly & transi5tly !y are ent]$ into4 ,fir/1 & ,i ?9k mo/ important ( all1 ! law %\ld take notice ( ! desire ( ! p>5ts4 ,9 all cases :]e p>5?ood is ackn[l$g$ op5ly by ! fa!r z well z by ! "m1 & gu>antees are giv5 t ! duties ( ! p>5ts w be fulfill$1 ! *ild %\ld be legitimis$1 receive ! "n ( ! fa!r & be qualifi$ to inh]it f him1 ev5 if ! p>5ts are unable1 or d n wi%1 to m>ry4 ,?is opportunity ( "r conduct once giv5 to ! p>5ts by ! law1 ,i believe t _m m5 w\ld volunt>ily take ?is c\rse & gladly ackn[l$ge _! fa!rhood4 ,9 all o!r cases 9 :i* pat]nity is n volunt>ily ackn[l$g$ ,i take ! fir/ & mo/ important duty ( ! law to be ! appo9tm5t ( gu>dians4 ,i believe t no?+ else is q s urg5tly ne$$ to safegu>d ! fa!rless little "o4 ,i d n ?9k ! illegitimate *ild safely c be left )\t sup]vision 9 ! c>e ( its "m4 ,^? :o talk "h ( ! "m's "r to h] *ild are be+ misl$ by s5tim5t4 ,^! mo!rs are1 z a rule1 incapable ( giv+ adequate c>e or any =m ( tra9+ to _! *ildr54 ,i w\ld g fur!r ?an ?is & say t1 9 ent]+ into su* a union ) a man1 & ?us depriv+ _! *ild ( a fa!r will+ to ackn[l$ge 8 fa!rhood1 !y h prov$ already _! unfitness = mo!rhood4 ,b ?is is n to say t ! mo!rs mu/ be puni%$1 r x is ! m necess>y t !y mu/ be help$1 support$1 & gu>d$1 j because ( & 9 proportion to _! weakness1 = ?is is ! only way ( salvation = ! *ild4 ,&1 = ?is reason1 ! law1 z x affects ! unm>ri$ "m1 mu/ be made easi] 9 its work+4 ,all artificial difficulties prev5t+ ! "m f obta9+ alimony mu/ be remov$4 ,no long] %\ld ! law make x easy = any man to escape 8 sexual responsibilities4 ,x is immoral to c\nt5ance laws t make pr(ligacy easy4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 claim-- 7#a7 ,! removal ( ! pres5t limit ( ! fa!r's paym5t to 8an am\nt n exce$+ #es4 p] week40 ,! alimony paid %\ld v>y accord+ to ! means & social /atus ( ! fa!r3 9 all cases x %\ld include "s k9d ( tra9+ to enable ! *ild to e>n its own liv+2 until t "t ! paym5ts ( ! fa!r %\ld cont9ue4 ,& if ! *ild %\ld be physically or m5tally defici5t1 s z to be unable to support itself1 ! fa!r mu/ cont9ue 8 aid = all its life4 7#b7 ,a fur!r *>ge %\ld be made ^u ! man = ! support ( ! "m = a p]iod1 c]ta9ly n less ?an "o mon? be=e & ?ree mon?s aft] ! bir? ( ! *ild4 ,he %\ld be compell$ to pay = a doctor & a nurse = ! "m1 & provide clo!s = ! *ild4 7#c7 ,! fa!r's responsibility %\ld be truly recognis$ s t1 if ! "m is driv5 to commit any de$ ( viol5ce aga9/ ! *ild1 he mu/ be held acc\ntable ) h] & puni%$1 %\ld he h kn[n ( h] condition & refus$ to help h]4 7#d7 ,9 ! case ( ! dea? ( ! "m1 x %\ld be possible to br+ an ord] aga9/ ! fa!r or ! suppos$ fa!r4 ,! mortality 9 *ildb$ 9 ^! cases is mu* high] ?an among m>ri$ wom51 & x is cle>ly unfair t ! "m's dea? %\ld leave ! *ild unprotect$1 )\t any p[] on ! "p ( its gu>dians to compel ! fa!r to fulfil 8 p>5tal responsibilities4 7#e7 ,! fa!r aga9/ :om an ord] has be5 made mu/ be prev5t$ f leav+ ! c\ntry unless he has fir/ paid a sum suffici5t to dis*>ge 8 obligations or has made suitable arrangem5ts = paym5ts dur+ 8 abs5ce4 ,probably all ^! conditions c\ld bett] be secur$ if pat]nity 0 prov$ be=e1 in/ead ( aft]1 ! bir? ( ! *ild4 ,regi/ration on ! "p ( ! woman at ! "t ( conception w\ld be ! be/ way to prev5t ! crime ( anonym\s pat]nity4 ,!re is mu* m t ought to be done4 ,we %all /ill be f> beh9d ! re=ms ( ,norway4 ,b ! c>ry+ out ( ev5 ^! simple dem&s w lead u a great /ep =w>d 9 practical morality4 ,c we1 ,i ask myself1 :o 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury no long] are q ignorant z to ! factors t act 9 ! mak+ ( fit citiz5s1 :o "k t ( all causes t5d+ t[>ds deg5]acy1 bad ante-natal & e>ly life conditions are ! greate/1 c we pursue our policy ( c>elessness z if ?is k 7 n ours8 ,a recognition ( ! claims ( ! *ild is be+ =c$ home by our ne$4 ,no long] c we af=d to be c>eless ( ! life ( ! future4 ,a new s5se ( our responsibility--a responsibility n to puni% s91 b to prev5t s9--is surely dawn+ on our social consci5ce4 ,& z soon z we und]/&1 we mu/ ha/5 to re=m our inhuman ba/>dy laws4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,dang] ,,( ,,secret ,,diseases ,ext5t ( ! evil--,:y ^! diseases are n treat$--,ne$ = secrecy prev5ts ^? afflict$ f obta9+ ! be/ treatm5t--,recomm5dations ( ! ,royal ,commission--,enlight5$ int]e/ 9 ! subject ne$$--,desire to puni% m5 prev5ts wise action--,if m5 fe> to tell ! tru? !y are m likely to infect _! wives--,?ree attitudes t[>ds ! evil--,bad effects on bo? boys & girls ( too romantic views ( love--,woman (t5 to blame = cleavage betwe5 husb& & wife--,! wife's responsibility = ! husb&'s unfai?fulness--,! art ( love--,c]ta9 reflections4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,dang] ,,( ,,secret ,,diseases 8,! abolition ( pro/itution & ! suppression ( v5]eal diseases w\ld be almo/ tantam\nt to ! solution ( ! entire sexual problem40--,,iwan ,,blo*4 ,s f> 9 writ+ ( m>riage & ( ! irregul> p>tn]%ips ent]$ into outside ( m>riage ,i h ignor$ ! "q ( v5]eal diseases & ( pro/itution1 s intimately connect$ ) !m1 b to cont9ue to d ?is w\ld be to make my inquiry useless1 z1 prop]ly speak+1 !y con/itute ! c5tral problem ( ! sexual relation%ips4 ,!re are no o!r factors ( ! same importance to mo!rhood & to ! life & heal? ( ! race4 ,)\t d\bt ! subject is em95tly complicat$1 :ile ! problems involv$ are s imm5se1 f>-rea*+ & p]il\s1 l9k+ !mselves ) ! deepe/ int]e/s ( ! race1 t ,i hesitate almo/ 9 mak+ an attempt to discuss s wide a subject briefly1 & necess>ily inadequately1 9 ! %ort space at my disposal4 ,yet x is cle>ly impossible to take ! easy way & pass ^! matt]s ov] 9 sil5ce4 ,on ! "q ( pro/itution ,i h writt5 already 9 my e>li] book1 ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 :]e ,i /at$ z tru?fully z ,i c\ld "s facts ,i _h come to "k ab\t ! pro/itute class1 z well z my own op9ions on ?is v complex social ph5om5on4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 n[ z f> z possible leave ?is side ( ! problem )\t fur!r comm5t4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be rememb]$ t ! problem ( pro/itution & ! problem ( v5]eal diseases are insep>ably int]connect$1 ! =m] evil be+ ! *ief cause ( ! latt]4 ,inde$1 if pro/itution c\ld be end$ v5]eal diseases w\ld ( !mselves disappe>4 ,& "h we t\* at once ! grave difficulty ( ! position4 ,^! diseases are set ap>t f all o!r sicknesses ( our bodies4 ,moral consid]ations become confus$ ) practical values4 ,i d n see t ?is 9 itself c be wrong4 ,= !re c be no great] ideal ?an t ( remov+ ! poison\s /+ t ) su* abundant activity has work$ evil 9 our mid/4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 dang] 9 too mu* & wrongly direct$ moral en?usiasm4 ,x is ( vital importance t a contagi\s disease %\ld be isolat$ & cur$1 & if moral condemnation acts to defeat ^! objects1 x _c b be a dang]4 ,a contagi\s disease t mu/ be kept secret _c be prop]ly dealt ) & heal$4 ,i hope ,i made my own position cle> :5 ,i wrote on pro/itution1 :]e ,i tri$ to avoid a purely moral & ideali/ic treatm5t ( ! subject4#ii ,i %all foll[ ! same plan "h4 ,i %all limit myself to ! aspects ( ! "q t to me seem to be ( special importance1 *oos+ by pref]5ce facts ab\t :i* ,i h "s little p]sonal k1 or a fix$ op9ion ( my own4 ,9 ?is way ,i may be able to contribute a ^w or two ( wor? to ?is difficult "q4 ,! ,report ( ! ,royal ,commission on ,v5]eal ,disease br\ght ! subject be=e a reluctant & apa!tic public4 ,x 0 "t4 ,accord+ to ! ,commission "o-t5? ( ! city population is infect$ by syphilis4 ,! numb] ( ^? affect$ by gonorrha is mu* l>g]4 ,! latt] disease is ! m t]ribly injuri\s to wom5 & *ildr51 because x is (t5 consid]$ a triviality by m54 ,syphilis s]ves z ! orig9 ( _m functional & organic diseases1 & its h]$it>y influ5ce is truly disa/r\s4 ,bl9dness1 deafness & insanity1 z well z a weak5$ n]v\s resi/ance1 are ! inh]itance h&$ to ! *ildr5 ( ! syphilitic4 ,gonorrha is ! *ief s\rce ( /]ility 9 wom51 probably acc\nt+ = "o-half ( all cases4 ,at a "t :5 infant life is ( su* supreme value to ! nation z x is to-day1 x is impossible to exagg]ate ! importance ( ^! facts4 ,we h to realise t c\ld we act /rongly & wisely s t 9 "o g5]ation we grappl$ ) ?is great evil & cur$ x1 we c\ld make good ! suff]+ & wa/e ( life caus$ by ! w>4 ,is x n wor? :ile to d ?is8 ,x c be done4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 syphilis did n exi/ 9 our civilisation4 ,x _c be trac$ ) any c]ta9ty 9 ,europe be=e ! fifte5? c5tury1 al?\gh its orig9 is involv$ 9 "s controv]sy4 ,! attempt to suppress v5]eal diseases by prop] treatm5t is ( less ?an twelve ye>s' duration4 ,?ree m5--,wass]mann1 ,ehrli* & ,nogu*i--h suppli$ ! k & giv5 ! means :]eby ! evil may be attack$4 ,up to ! pres5t little use has be5 made ( ! effective means ( diagnosis & cure t we n[ possess4 ,! cure has be5 left to private doctors4 ,no g5]al hospital w\ld treat ^! diseases1 & ! special hospitals are few 9 numb]4 ,b5efit societies & insurance commission]s h refus$ to grant ! usual b5efits to pati5ts suff]+ f ^! diseases4 ,! inoculations are v exp5sive1 & _m pati5ts1 ev5 among ! weal?y1 h n us$ !m1 z !y h fe>$ to discov] ! tru?4 ,! desire = concealm5t has done ev]y?+ to make cure difficult4 ,i mu/ emphasise con/antly ! dang] ( secrecy4 ,we h to face ! facts z !y are1 n z we wi% !m to be4 ,& = ?is reason1 because ! results are :at we n[ "k !m to be1 we mu/ dem& ! cle>+ away ( ! moral /igma t has be5 plac$ z a ban ^u ! infect$4 ,x is s pla94 ,until e "o attack$ by ^! diseases seeks ! be/ rem$ies1 !re c be no cure2 & !y w n seek ! rem$ies :ile ! pres5ce ( ! diseases is consid]$ z evid5ce ( s94 ,9 ! pa/ we h reli$ on fe> z a det]r5t & ignorance z a safegu>d4 ,!y h fail$4 ,let u n[ try practical cures4 ,a ph>isaic attitude is s highly mis*iev\s t x becomes immoral4 ,! ,gov]nm5t has tak5 prompt & f9e action4 ,x has remov$ "o great difficulty1 & effect$ all t c be done )\t fre% legislation4 ,a compreh5sive s*eme ( free diagnosis & treatm5t 9 g5]al hospitals is to be organis$ by local au?orities1 :o are to receive a grant f ! ,imp]ial ,ex*equ] am\nt+ to #ge p] c5t4 ( ! co/4 ,x is to be hop$ t ?is admirable action w c\nt]act ! evils due to ! increase ( v5]eal disease c]ta9 to accompany ! w>4 ,! *ief recomm5dations ( ! ,commission o!r ?an ^? connect$ ) direct imm$iate cure1 :i* ! ,gov]nm5t has be5 able to c>ry out by an adm9i/rative ,act1 are z foll[s-- 7#a7 ,! pres5ce ( infective v5]eal disease %\ld be a cause = ! prev5tion or annulm5t ( m>riage2 fur!r1 ! process ( annulm5t %\ld be made available = all p]sons1 h[ev] poor4 7#b7 ,a communication made by a m$ical practition] to a p>5t1 gu>dian1 or o!r p]son directly int]e/$ 9 ! welf>e ( a woman or man 9 ord] to prev5t or delay m>riage ) a p]son 9 an infecti\s condition %\ld be a 8privileg$ communication40 ,x %\ld n1 9 su* circum/ances1 be libel or sl&] to /ate t an int5d+ husb& _c safely m>ry4 7#c7 ,x is fur!r /rongly recomm5d$ t bett] in/ruction be giv5 on sexual subjects4 8,! evils :i* lead to ! spread ( v5]eal diseases are 9 great "p due to want ( control1 ignorance & inexp]i5ce1 & ! importance ( wisely conceiv$ educational measures c h>dly be exagg]at$40 ,!re %\ld be no delay 9 deal+ ) ! la/ recomm5dation4 ,a /rong ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education c\ld1 by an ord] ( 8 p51 give in/ruction 9 an aft]noon1 & />t arrangem5ts :i* c\ld introduce su* tea*+ 9 all s*ools4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ano!r matt] :e!r !re w\ld be tea*]s capable to give ! in/ruction4 ,x is d\btful also :e!r sex tea*+1 introduc$ 9 ?is way z some?+ ap>t f ! usual educational c\rse1 c\ld ev] safegu>d f s94 ,i ne$1 h[ev]1 say little 9 ?is *apt] on ! important & difficult "q ( sexual education1 z ! :ole ( ! la/ section ( my book deals ) t subject4 ,i %all !re try to %[ t ! great] numb] ( ! evils connect$ ) m>riage & mo!rhood are due to false ideals & wrong me?ods ( tra9+ 9 e>ly life4 ,i am1 9 p>ticul>1 conv9c$ ( ! mi/akes we h be5 mak+ 9 ! education ( girls--mi/akes :i* prev5t !m z "y wom5 f hav+ any cle> aim to guide _! lives1 & act1 z ,i believe1 disa/r\sly on _! :ole nature z well z spoil+ _! happ9ess4 ,?is public recomm5dation = a recognition ( ! sexual life & ! problems connect$ ) x z be+ ( vital importance 9 ! tra9+ ( ! "y g5]ation fills me ) /rong hope4 ,b ev]y?+ w dep5d on h[ su* in/ruction is go+ to be giv54 ,unwisely und]tak51 x may easily lead to m h>m ?an good4 ,to be really efficaci\s x w ne$ a sweep+ *ange 9 ! home & a revolution 9 ! s*ool4 ,n[ is ! appo9t$ "t to act2 if ! opportunity be all[$ to pass1 x may n come aga94 ,! =ce ( tradition & ! conv5tion ( sil5ce has be5 brok5 z x has n be5 brok5 be=e4 ,we are all conv9c$ t ! "t to *ange has come & to d some?+2 :5 s _m are agre$ ^u :at ought to be done1 ! dang] lies *iefly 9 ! disp]sion ( en]gy by ! we>9ess br\ght on by endless discussions on ! way to give ! education--a subject :i* un=tunately l5ds itself to mu* talk+ & disagreem5t4 ,b to return to ! ,royal ,commission ,report4 ,recomm5dations 7#a7 & 7#b7 _c be c>ri$ out )\t special legislation4 ,to obta9 ! support ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons = measures :i* w\ld necess>ily be oppos$ by "s p]sons 9 e con/itu5cy1 :i* h no vote-cat*+ value & h n be5 *ew$ to pulp by long-cont9u$ p>ty plat=m oratory1 is a difficult task4 ,! ord9>y memb] ( ,p>liam5t feels afraid to h convictions :i* are unsupport$ by p[]ful organisations2 convictions :i* may co/ him mu* opposition at election times4 ,probably su* a measure to safegu>d m>riage c\ld be m easily initiat$ by a vigor\s & fe>less memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,lords4 ,! ,h\se ( ,commons at ! pres5t "t1 ev5 ap>t f ! ,great ,w> & its urg5cy1 is (t5 busy = mon?s ) intricate ,gov]nm5t measures1 :i* take up ne>ly all ! "t available4 ,m>riage laws _c be dealt ) 9 half an h\r on a ,friday ev5+4 ,?is ne$ n disc\rage u too mu*4 ,x w n s]ve to leave matt]s to (ficial action alone4 ,if ! victory aga9/ v5]eal diseases is to be won1 /rong signs ( g5]al int]e/ mu/ be %[n4 ,m ev5 ?an ?is is necess>y4 ,! int]e/ %[n mu/ be ( an enlight5$ "*4 ,i feel x is urg5t to emphasise ?is ne$ = wise1 & n ha/y1 action4 ,wom5 h ( late be5 tak+ a q new conc]n 9 sexual que/ions1 9 p>ticul> 9 v5]eal diseases1 s intimately connect$ ) _! int]e/s4 ,?is is z x %\ld be4 ,b ,i h be5 =c$ to ! k t ?is int]e/1 unback$ by wide k & /ill m by exp]i5ce ( ! facts ( life1 (t5 leads !m into folly4 ,! possession ( ! vote by wom5 has be5 expect$ to a*ieve imm$iate magical effects2 x has be5 =gott5 t wom5 vot]s w\ld be nei!r unit$ 9 _! aims nor possess$ ( ! political capacity :i* w\ld enable !m infallibly to ga9 all = :i* !y wi%$4 ,wom5 ought n to hope to solve ! anci5t1 fi]ce enigmas :i* h vex$ mank9d 9 e mod]n civilis$ society4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! greate/ cause ( error 9 wom5's judgm5t arises f ! t5d5cy 7d\btless due to :at _! sex has suff]$7 to ?r[ ! :ole blame = sexual s9s on m54 ,"s wom5 c>ry sex antagonism l a flag1 :i* !y fl\ri% 9 e w9d4 ,^! are1 ( c\rse1 a small m9ority2 b ! majority ( wom5 fail to take a wide1 sane view ( bo? ! "q ( pro/itution & t ( v5]eal diseases4 ,let me give an illu/ration4 ,i rec5tly att5d$ a meet+ :]e a pap] 0 read on ! ,report ( ! ,v5]eal ,disease ,commission4 ,! read] ( ! pap]1 be+ a woman doctor1 took ! wise view t ! mo/ important matt] 0 ! cure ( ! disease4 ,9 ! discussion t foll[$1 x 0 pla9ly evid5t t few ( ! audi5ce agre$ ) h]4 ,^! 7 wom5 :o _h read ab\t1 & to "s limit$ ext5t ?\ght & /udi$ ^! que/ions4 ,yet ! g5]al view 0 t ! m5 ought to be puni%$4 ,"o speak]1 :o /at$ t %e 0 m>ri$1 said t no true woman c\ld or ought to =give a husb& :o _h become infect$ ) v5]eal disease4 ,n[1 x is ?is view1 "h s crudely express$1 t ,i am writ+ to combat4 ,su* an attitude ( blame & un=giv5ess has to be *ang$1 or no legislation or public action w effect a real cure4 ,wom5 are really responsible = ! secrecy ( ^! diseases4 ,& :at is ! result8 ,because ^! infecti\s diseases are secret !y are l>gely uncur$4 ,i ha/5 to say t ,i am n tak+ an unfair view ( ! position4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 easy to und]/& ! attitude tak5 up by wom54 ,blame is n easily avoid$4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 ask !m v e>ne/ly to consid] :e!r !re is n "s confusion 9 _! m9ds4 ,! s9 t ! man commits aga9/ 8 wife is be+ unfai?ful4 ,hav+ caught ! v5]eal disease is a mis=tune4 ,! effect mu/ n be blam$ by itself4 ,let me illu/rate ?is po9t ( view by consid]+ a diff]5t case4 ,y\r *ild gets sc>let fev] by an act ( direct disob$i5ce or s94 ,he goes to play at a h\se he has be5 =bidd5 to ent]4 ,w\ld y1 because ( 8 s91 refuse to pity & nurse him8 ,r w\ld y n =get 8 disob$i5ce & desire only to help & to heal him8 ,d y see :at ,i mean n[8 ,x is n t ,i uphold immoral conduct 9 ! husb& or 9 ! lov] t ,i plead ?us = pity & und]/&+ on ! "p ( wom54 ,few m5 are int5tionally evil4 ,!y d n ev5 act fooli%ly 9 ?is "q ( infecti\s disease because !y are wantonly c>eless4 ,(t5 !y are fully alive to ! dang] t may result to _! wives f _! own infection4 ,i repeat !y are n necess>ily bad m51 & !y may love _! wives & *ildr52 b !y are c[>ds4 ,all m5 are c[>ds :5 x comes to fac+ _! wives ) _! own wrong do+s4 ,if !y _c rely on ! pity ( _! wives1 few m5 w d>e to tell ! tru?4 ,if !y _c tell ! tru?1 !y _c avoid infect+ _! wives4 ,?is may lead to ! bir? ( infect$ *ildr51 & :o may say t 9 ?is case ! crime is ! man's alone8 ,x is to prev5t ?is crime aga9/ ! *ild & aga9/ life1 t ,i urge ^u wom5 a wis] & m tol]ant attitude4 ,= great] cle>ness1 ,i may /ate ! matt] ?us3 !re are ?ree attitudes t may be adopt$ t[>ds sexual disease4 ,fir/1 t ( ! pure morali/1 :o says only1 8,?is is a s9 to be puni%$40 ,on ! opposite side is ! purely utilit>ian1 :o says1 8,?is is only a disease to be cur$40 ,b bo? attitudes may be alike wrong1 or1 m correctly1 ! tru? lies midway betwe5 ! two4 ,! disease1 z a disease1 ne$s to be cur$4 ,?is is ! fir/ /ep ) :i* no?+ %\ld int]f]e4 ,b f> diff]5t & mu* m complex is ! treatm5t requir$ to alt] ! actions t lead to ! disease4 ,z a fir/ /ep1 public op9ion ought to condemn too late m>riage1 in/ead ( recomm5d+ x on economic gr\nds4 ,! mania = mak+ economics ! c5tre ( life %\ld n[ surely cease3 ! falsity ( ?is view has be5 expos$ by _m great writ]s1 b mu* /rong] is ! condemnation t mu/ be giv5 to x by all :o c und]/& ! evils t x has wr\ght 9 our sexual lives4 ,late m>riages mu/ be "o ( ! causes contribut+ to m5's use ( pro/itutes be=e m>riage4 ,?is subject has be5 dealt ) already 9 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,a natural division ( ! subject "h pres5ts itself4 ,! problems ( v5]eal infection are diff]5t be=e & aft] m>riage4 ,a practical k ( ! physical facts ( sex %\ld be ! possession ( e girl "s ye>s be=e ! age ( m>riage4 ,sex mu/ cease to be a subject on :i* x is n dec5t = a girl to speak4 ,until ?is has be5 a*iev$1 x w be impossible to h t frankness betwe5 lov]s :i* w make c]ta9 an ackn[l$gm5t be+ made ( infection1 if x is or ev] has be5 pres5t 9 ! man1 s z to d away ) ! dang]s ( concealm5t & fur!r disease4 ,9 my op9ion1 ?is op5ness is ( necess>y importance to ! wise *oice on ! "p ( girls ( ! m5 !y are to m>ry4 ,our :ole attitude t[>ds y\? 9 relation to sex is mi/ak54 ,& "s ( our wor/ mi/akes take a direction n usually recognis$4 ,we (t5 ov]-emphasise ! possibilities ( romantic love & *ivalr\s devotion1 or we leave our *ildr5 to ga9 ?is false attitude f ! books !y read4 ,?is is bad = bo? boys & girls4 ,to p]sonify all inspiration & nobility z ,woman (t5 b acts to make unkn[n vice attractive to y\?4 ,! unkn[n is almo/ always desirable4 ,x is probable t times & places :]e excessive respect = wom5 has be5 express$ 9 poetry & romance h be5 di/+ui%$ by loos5ess ( sexual habits2 j 9 ! same way & = ! same reason t extremely vulg> behavi\r betwe5 ! sexes is compatible ) ! /ricte/ physical *a/ity4 ,9 ! case ( girls1 ! evil t may be done by ov]-exalt+ romantic love is a diff]5t "o4 ,to idealise ! male virtues ( c\rage1 adv5tur\sness & self-confid5ce comes ne>1 9 _m cases1 to tea*+ ! girls admiration = ! calm1 reckless ,don ,juan4 ,?is is ! man :o is likely to h be5 infect$ by v5]eal diseases4 ,9 ! /ory ( ! ,beauty & ! ,bea/ we h mat]ial out ( :i* "p ( ! great sex difficulty c be expla9$4 ,9 ! fairy /ory1 ! husb& be=e m>riage looks l a bea/1 aft] m>riage he becomes a pr9ce4 ,9 real life1 ! /ory is inv]t$4 ,!re is a delud+ =ce 9 ! m]e sk9 & limbs ( ^? ( ! opposite sex at ! "t :5 maturity is rea*$ :i* may give pr9cely attributes to ^? :o w\ld be se5 z bea/s at o!r times4 ,! pr9ce se5 z a bea/ aft] m>riage is a trag$y into :i* ! romantic1 ignorant girl mu/ bew>e ( drift+4 ,! man :o mo/ boldly plays up to ! romantic "p expect$ ( him--reciprocat+ to ! p]haps unconsci\s enc\ragem5t ( ! girl--is n ! man :o w be ! mo/ agreeable to live )4 ,i believe !re is real dang] 9 ! s5tim5tal view ( love t is common to mo/ girls4 ,!y d n "k ! pov]ty ( feel+ t l\dly express$ s5tim5t may hide4 ,! defect ( _m unfai?ful lov]s is n s5suality1 b s5tim5tality4 ,! l[] types ( lov]s are /rangely1 almo/ incr$ibly1 s5tim5tal4 ,su* tea*+ z ?is ab\t ! dang] ( an ov]-romantic view ( love w n safegu>d f all evils1 b x w at lea/ give k t may protect 9 "s "t ( p]il4 ,! problem ( ! wife infect$ by a husb&1 :o becomes diseas$ aft] m>riage1 is "o t is diff]5t & m complicat$4 ,i h spok5 already ( ! urg5t ne$ on ! "p ( ! wife t %e %\ld feel pity = ! husb&1 ev5 if %e does ?is z ! only means ( protect+ h]self & h] *ildr54 ,)\t ?is pity1 m5 w n d>e to tell ! tru?4 ,& ev5 aga9/ _! judgm5t & _! wi%1 !y w h sexual int]c\rse ) _! wives to prev5t suspicion4 ,!re is a fur!r "q t mu/ be plac$ be=e wom51 & x is necess>y = me to speak pla9ly4 ,!re is a "q :i* ,i w\ld ask ! wife ^: husb& has become infect$ s9ce m>riage ) "o or o!r ( ! two =ms ( v5]eal disease3 ,:at is x t s5ds ! man :o is m>ri$ to seek sexual satisfaction ) ! pro/itute8 ,x w n d to dismiss ?is "q ) ! old1 unreason+ condemnation ( ! male & 8 brute passions4 ,9 ! case ( ! man ( av]age dec5cy1 x is n delib]ate *oice t fir/ s5ds him to dissipation4 ,let u look at ! matt] a little clos] & ) great] tru?4 ,9 m>riage ! woman dom9ates m (t5 ?an usually is kn[n4 ,%e has ! *ildr5 on h] side4 ,und5iably ! greate/ function ( any man 9 ! life ( ! av]age woman is to be ! fa!r ( h] *ild4 ,all o!r ?+s t he means to h] are second>y to ?is4 ,= ?is reason1 aft] ! bir? ( h] *ildr5 %e frequ5tly ceases physically to desire h] husb&4 ,?us ! position arises t _m husb&s1 aft] "s ye>s ( m>riage1 f9d !mselves 9 a condition ( lonel9ess 9 _! own homes4 ,& ! cleavage is wid] ?an ! physical ne$s1 & ext5ds to ! m5tal & spiritual pla9s4 ,! woman's life is fill$ ) h] *ildr52 %e ceases to belong to h] husb& z completely z he belongs to h]4 ,%e holds back m & m ( h]self--! vital "p t he wants4 ,! man feels t he is los+1 &1 aft] "s blu/] & conflict1 he beg9s n to c>e4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 is ! hi/ory ( _m m>riages t />t$ ) love4 ,! result 9 ! end is almo/ c]ta94 ,! l[] types ( husb& f "t to "t w break away & seek di/raction 9 wild love4 ,o!r m5 ( m ref9em5t w suff] mu* m1 till !y seek to f9d love ) "s woman 9 a p]man5t union outside m>riage4 ,x may1 & ,i expect w1 be said t ,i am look+ at ?is "q f ! man's side only4 ,?is is n because ,i d n feel ! woman's position1 b because ! facts ,i am try+ to /ate are s (t5 neglect$1 9 p>ticul> by wom5 !mselves4 ,wom5 h be5 taught to believe1 & d really feel1 t by sexual unfai?fulness a husb& does !m ! cruelle/ possible wrong t a man c d to a woman4 ,b is ! man ev] :olly to be blam$8 ,aft] all1 he has giv5 away only :at 8 wife has %[n him %e does n want = h]self4 ,mo/ ,engli% wives always are acquiesc5t r ?an passionate 9 ! sexual embrace4 ,ev5 :5 9 love !y are unresponsive1 hid+ :at !y feel1 & r>ely %[+ _! husb&s t !y want !m ) any real desire4 ,aft] a few ye>s ( m>riage1 8 embraces are suff]$ z a duty4 ,& "h ,i w\ld re-/ate an op9ion giv5 9 an e>li] *apt]3 ,i d hold t man is by 8 nature fai?ful4 ,if he has once lov$ a woman1 he does n cease to desire h] until aft] %e has ceas$ to desire him4 ,?is br+s me to ! la/ "q ,i want to consid]4 ,:y does ! desire ( ! wife s (t5 cease t[>ds h] husb&8 ,x is a difficult "q to answ]4 ,"o reason has be5 giv5 already 9 ! false attitude ( ! woman1 :i* 9 s _m cases makes h] a%am$ ( express+ op5ly ! passion t %e feels4 ,yet !re is1 ,i ?9k1 ano!r & mu* deep] "p ( ! tru? t is fairly cle>4 ,ea* man is able to en=ce 8 sexual desire ^u 8 wife at a "t :5 %e feels no desire1 :]eas %e _c ga9 h] desire unless he ga9 84 ,we may p]haps trace back to ?is cause ! feel+ ( di%>mony & wan+ ( desire :i* injures ! woman's p[] to love4 ,( c\rse1 ?is di%>mony is n always consci\s ev5 to h]self1 & ! man is q unaw>e ( ! evil4 ,b 8 acceptance ( ! woman's subord9ation1 h[ev] gladly giv51 does exhau/ ! passion 9 h]4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 ! p[] = sexual sacrifice betwe5 ! two sexes is1 ,i h frequ5tly ?\ght1 "o ( ! grave/ causes ( our mis]y4 ,x w take v long to ov]come x4 ,only z we advance 9 ref9em5t & k ( love c ?is antagonism 9 ! sex act less51 z ! woman ga9s 9 frankness & ! man comes to "k h[ to ar\se & keep aflame h] desire4 ,& !re is "h a "q ,i w\ld put to ^? husb&s :o are suff]+ to-day f ! sexual coldness ( _! wives4 ,i w\ld ask !m3 ,h !y tak5 suffici5t tr\ble to und]/&1 bo? on ! physical & psy*ical side1 ! sexual nature ( woman1 :i* is mu* m complex & difficult ?an _! own8 ,! art ( love is n und]/ood by ,we/]n p4 ,if we paid m att5tion to ?is subject m>riage w\ld be fre$ f ! greate/ cause t br+s x to disa/]4 ,great] op5ness & sexual confid5ce betwe5 ! husb& & ! wife is ! fir/ necess>y /ep4 ,b we %all nev] h ?is until we h root$ out ( our moral consci5ce ! idea ( 8! body z ! prison ( ! s\l40 ,i h (t5 ask$ myself if ?is misconception ( love is n ! real cause ( all sex tr\ble4 ,& ! rem$y8 ,yes1 t is ! difficult matt]4 ,we _c alt] ^! evils by any cut-&-dri$ plan4 ,! expression ( sex is a "q ( ref9em5t1 & its reg5]ation mu/ beg9 ) a movem5t t[>ds consci\sness4 ,x may seem t we h rea*$ no v def9ite conclusion4 ,we h n solv$ ! problem ( v5]eal diseases4 ,!re is no?+ to be ga9$ by d5y+ ! difficulties t visit u 9 our sexual lives1 or 9 talk+1 z _m d1 z ?\gh !re 7 an easy way out4 ,!re is n4 ,i hold prea*+ on all ^! complicat$ que/ions to be q useless4 ,no platitud9\s =mul1 no recrim9ation ( "o sex aga9/ ! o!r sex1 w d any good4 ,! wrong is deep d[n 9 our attitude t[>ds love1 9 our sy/em ( education1 & 9 ! v preval5t vulg>ity ( our surr\nd+s4 ,x is !re t we mu/ seek = x & de/roy x4 ,i d>e to ?9k ( a reg5]ation ( our sexual lives ?r\gh education & a full] und]/&+ ( ! mean+ ( love4 ,by education mu/ be und]/ood all t influ5ces ! desires & imag9ations1 s t our *ildr5 %all be turn$ to seek heal? & clean liv+4 ,yet x 7 unwise to be too hopeful4 ,we _c be ar*itects ( life4 ,our sons & our daught]s w make new mi/akes1 ev5 %\ld !y escape our follies4 ,we c see a v %ort way along ! pa? ( life1 & (t5 we are confus$4 ,! wise/ among/ u are only z bricklay]s1 & ! be/ c b lay two or ?ree bricks 9 a lifetime4 ,our "w is to d t if we c4 ,we c guess v feebly at ! :ole design4 ,_m mi/akes mu/ be made by u1 z !y h be5 made by ^? be=e u4 ,& x may be ! duty ( a new g5]ation to pull d[n ! "w t 9 sorr[ we h toil$ to build up4 ,,"p ,v ,,sexual ,,education ,w5dla4 ,i h a si/] :o has be5 m>ri$ = two & a half ye>s1 ,i myself h be5 made an aunt = ! ?ird "t1 & ,i hav5't ! lea/ idea h[ x all comes ab\t4 ,don't be cross1 ,"m de>1 don't be cross6 ,:om 9 ! _w %\ld ,i ask b y6 ,please tell me1 de> ,"m4 ,i am a%am$ = myself4 ,please1 ,"m1 speak6 ,don't scold me = ask+ y ab\t x4 ,give me an answ]--,h[ does x happ58 ,h[ does x all come ab\t8 ,y _c really deceive y\rself t ,i1 :o am f\rte5 ye>s old1 /ill believe 9 ! /ork4 ,frau ,b]gmann4 ,good ,"l1 *ild1 b y are peculi>6 ,:at ideas y h6 ,i really c't d t6 ,w5dla4 ,b :y n1 ,"m8 ,:y n8 ,x c't be any?+ ugly if ev]ybody is delight$ ov] x6 ,frau ,b]gmann4 ,o--,o ,god protect me6 ,i des]ve---- ,g get dress$1 *ild1 g get dress$4 ,w5dla4 ,i'll g4 ,& suppose y\r *ild w5t out & ask$ ! *imney sweep8 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,"m ,,& ,,! ,,*ild ,a trag$y ( *ildhood--,! ,awak5+ ( ,spr+1 by ,frank ,w$ek9d--,h[ we h ignor$ ! ne$ ( ! "y = sexual enlight5m5t--,! old me?od ( sil5ce a fatal mi/ake--,our fe> ( sex--,! "q ( ! sexual education ( ! *ild--,conflict+ op9ion--,! tw9 causes ( our civilisation prud]y & pruri5ce--,! mann] 9 :i* p>5ts %irk & evade ! natural inquiries ( _! *ildr5 ab\t bir? & ! facts ( sex--,! inevitable h>m ( ?is action--,! e>ly activity ( ! *ild's intellig5ce--,fooli% /ories & lies--,/imulate in/ead ( quiet curiosity--,sex k ga9$ f s]vants & vici\s companions--,?is dang] f s]vants great] 9 ! case ( boys--,_m "y boys s$uc$ by wom5--,! duty ( ! "m to in/ruct h] *ildr5--,! difficulties t h9d] p>5ts--,! *ild & ! sexual impulse--,! tea*+ ( ,freud--,! dang] f mi/akes 9 ! e>ly tra9+ ( ! *ild--,no age too "y = education to beg9--,mi/akes t may be made--,our unconsci\s tea*+ /rong] ?an any?+ we say--,! mi/ake ( set lessons--,sex n a subject to be taught l ari?metic--,:at is necess>y is to tell ! *ild ! tru?--,its que/ions mu/ be answ]$ z soon z !y are put--,! importance ( n ar\s+ curiosity--,! *ild1 n ! "m1 to be ! guide--,cases 9 :i* we mu/ be prep>$ to fail--,! "m _c always help h] *ild--,recapitulation--,! real difficulty 9 sexual education arises f our treatm5t ( sex z some?+ ap>t f ! re/ ( life--,we are afraid--,no?+ wor? do+ c be done until ?is is *ang$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! ,,"m ,,& ,,! ,,*ild 8,! *ild at its "m's knee is n too "y to he> f h] lips ! sacr$ facts conc]n+ 8 own orig92 9 a few ye>s1 inde$1 he w be too old1 = he w h le>nt ^? facts f a worse s\rce1 p]haps 9 ! gutt]2 & in/ead ( be+ beautiful to him1 z !y might & c\ld be1 !y w be m]ely dirty40--,,havelock ,,ellis4 ,! quotation ,i h plac$ be=e ^! ?ree *apt]s on ,sexual ,education1 :i* =m ! fif? & f9al section ( my book1 is tak5 f ! play1 ,! ,awak5+ ( ,spr+1 by ,frank ,w$ek9d2 he calls x a trag$y ( *ildhood1 & d$icates ! "w to p>5ts & to tea*]s4 ,! play deals ) a gr\p ( s*ool *ildr51 j ent]+ ! age ( pub]ty1 & consi/s ma9ly ( _! conv]sations "o ) ano!r4 ,^! imag9ative "y s\ls speculate ab\t ! my/]ies ( bir? & sex 9 a mann] t is typical ( all *ildr51 n m5tally in]t4 ,h]e9 re/s ! great value ( ! "w3 we come to realise ! t]rible d>kness surr\nd+ ! sexual life ( ! great majority ( boys & girls1 ) ! result+ trag$ies t may1 & (t5 d1 de/roy heal? & ev5 life4 ,unable to expla9 ! =ces g]m9at+ 9 _! nature1 ^! *ildr5 are h9d]$ & cru%$ by ! %am dec5cies & complac5t morality t greet _! bl9d grop+s4 ,nev] 0 a m p[]ful indictm5t made aga9/ ! %am ( our educational sy/em z a prep>ation = life4 ,! mann] 9 :i*1 up to ! pres5t "t1 we h ignor$ ! ne$ ( ! "y = enlight5m5t & guidance 9 que/ions ( su* elem5tal importance to heal? & well-be+ is at once rem>kable & difficult to und]/&4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! idea ( ! s9fulness & radically evil nature ( ! sexual life1 we h /ood helpless1 z if we 7 fac$ ) a my/]i\s & malignant p[]2 we h left ! developm5t ev5 ( our own *ildr5 to ! bl9d haz>d ( *ance4 ,^? among u :o 7 wis] 7 n he$$4 ,celebrat$ p$agogues ( a hundr$ ye>s ago1 su* z ,r\sseau1 ,salzmann1 ,jean ,paul & o!rs1 express$ !mselves /rongly 9 fav\r ( ! e>ly sexual enlight5m5t ( y\?1 & gave _m valuable sugge/ions z to ! me?ods ( su* tea*+4 ,_! wise recomm5dations rema9$ = ! mo/ "p )\t practical results4 ,only 9 rec5t ye>s1 9 connection ) ! "q ( ! protection ( mo!rhood & ! campaign aga9/ pro/itution1 has int]e/ 9 ! matt] be5 reawak5$4 ,a height5$ s5se ( responsibility has be5 quick5$ among/ u4 ,an increas$ k1 ga9$ by ! pati5t "w ( inve/igation ( ! sexual impulse1 is prov+ ! imm5se importance ( its "r direction 9 ! individual life4 ,?is w\ld seem to be =c+ u to act4 ,to-day x is conc$$1 ev5 by _m :o are cons]vative 9 _! attitude to sex1 t ! old plan ( sil5ce & leav+ ?is matt] to *ance1 has be5 a fatal mi/ake3 we are com+ to und]/& t e *ild has a sacr$ claim to wise tra9+ 9 sex k4 ,!re c be no d\bt ( our pa/ guilt4 ,! pro( re/s 9 unnumb]$ & ne$less disa/]s 9 ! lives ( almo/ all ( u--suff]+s un5durable & maim+2 hurts to our deepe/ selves1 t we h come to und]/& only :5 our ?\ghts h be5 lib]at$ by k4 ,f our fe> ( sex1 we h become ! victims ( sex4 ,:at c save u8 ,x is wom5--! mo!rs :o hold ! future 9 _! keep+4 ,! answ] re/s ) !m4 ,lib]ation f ! manifold problems ( our disord]$ sexual life dep5ds l>gely on a "r transmission ( k to our *ildr51 s t !y )\t h>m may become wise4 ,su* tea*+ mu/ be giv5 fir/ by ! "m4 ,9 ?is way only1 ?r\gh a tra9$ & wis] mo!rhood1 mak+ possible ! unhamp]$ unfoldm5t ( ! *ildr5 ( ! future1 c humanity come into its h]itage4 ,?is is my firm conviction1 my pr(\nd belief4 ,& = ?is reason1 9 my book on ,mo!rhood1 ,i h plac$ ! "q ( sexual education la/1 because ,i hold x to be ! mo/ important ( all--! f\ndation necess>y be=e o!r *anges or re=ms c be ( any avail4 ,!re is mu* t gives me hope4 ,?is "q ( ! sexual education ( h] *ildr5 has begun to /ir 9 ! consci\s ?\ght ( c\ntless mo!rs4 ,! days ( fold$ h&s are happily ov]4 ,mo!rs ( all classes desire k = _! *ildr5 because !y want to save !m f suff]+ & f fall+ into ! mi/akes t !y1 ?r\gh want ( kn[+1 h !mselves made4#ajj ,:ile1 h[ev]1 mo!rs1 z well z ! great mass ( educationali/s & re=m]s1 recognise m & m ! ne$ = ?is k = all *ildr51 !y are yet unc]ta9 z to h[ & :5 sex tea*+ %\ld be giv54#aja ,!re is too mu* hesitat+ s t (t5 c[>dice prev5ts any action be+ tak54 ,& ! "q1 8,:at %all we tea* our *ildr5 & at :at age ought we fir/ to speak80 is "o to :i* few h z yet f\nd a c]ta9 answ]4 ,! tru? is1 ! va/ majority ( mo!rs & tea*]s are !mselves amaz+ly & p]il\sly ignorant on ! :ole subject ( sex4 ,! ban ( sil5ce has work$ untold evil 9 our ?\ghts1 & :at makes ! difficulty ev5 worse is t we are s v mu* afraid ( sex x is impossible = u to le>n4 ,h5ce we g ab\t seek+ my/]ies & hunt+ lies1 & completely lose sight ( :at %\ld be z cle> z daylight--! ne$ ( ! little *ild4 ,! tw9 curses ( our civilisation t fett] ! _s1 prud]y & pruri5ce1 act+ toge!r1 h drawn sex into ! d>ke/1 un:olesome/ corn]s ( our m9ds1 s t few ( u m5tion ! subject ev5 to our own *ildr5 )\t a feel+ ( %ame4 ,s pitifully afraid are we ( ! facts ( life t we inv5t fables & lie to !m z to h[ !y 7 born4 ,p>5ts %irk & evade ! natural inquiries ( _! *ildr52 v (t5 no k9d ( answ] is giv5 to _! "y se>*+s = ! tru?4 ,9 o!r cases fooli% fictions t outrage ev5 a *ild's intellig5ce are repeat$1 & falsehood pil$ ^u falsehood4 ,= x is "o condition ( a lie t x c nev] /& alone2 & :5 a "m has li$ to h] *ild once1 %e is compell$ to weave a network ( falsehood to su/a9 h] fir/ false /atem5t4 ,%e mu/ g on f "o fooli% evasion to worse untru?s to keep up appe>ances4 ,e /ory :i*1 l t ( ! /ork or ! gooseb]ry bu%1 re/s ^u a lie1 is an outrage to ! *ild4 ,& ! "m's au?ority /&s ^u a v]itable quicks&1 = ! day w come :5 ! *ild w n believe h]4 ,a c>eless ^w may be spok5 by a s]vant1 a companion1 or "s o!r1 &1 if ! "m has n sav$ h]self 9 "t1 %e w be discov]$ by h] *ild z a li>4 ,! :ole /ructure ( h] pret5ce & %ameful evasions w tott] & fall to ru94 ,& ) x mu/ g h] p[] to influ5ce h] *ild4 ,b>ri]s ( d\bts & sil5ce are rais$ :i*1 z "t goes on1 m & m w sep>ate ! *ild f ! p>5t4 ,& su* b>ri]s once set up c h>dly ev] be brok5 ?r\gh4 ,an emb>rass+ s5se ( %ame1 ris+ l a poison\s gas betwe5 "m & *ild1 w "w dea? to any confid5ce4 ,h[ _m mo!rs h be5 =c$ 9 bitt]ness to cry1 8,i li$ to my *ild4 ,i conceal$ ! tru? ye> aft] ye>4 ,n[ my *ild turns f me1 & no long] has fai? 9 me or 9 my words40 ,& ?is failure ( duty on ! "p ( ! "m works unkn[n h>m to ! *ild4 ,t is ! ess5tial po9t4 ,d our *ildr5 rema9 9 ignorance ( ! facts ( sex :i* we1 9 our fe>1 fail to tea* !m8 ,no1 !y d n4 ,girls & boys 9 t5s ( ?\s&s take ! c\rse ( action ?reat5$ by ! *ild ,w5dla--!y g & le>n f o!rs :at _! mo!rs h refus$ to tell !m4 ,few *ildr5 fail to discov]1 ei!r ?r\gh _! own intellig5ce or by "s in=mation !y ga9 at s*ool or f s]vants1 "s k9d ( sexual in=mation4 ,?us too (t5 !y glean _! fir/ k ( sex f ! vulg>1 ignorant lips ( ! pruri5t4 ,i m>vel at ! bl9dness ( p>5ts1 :o seem unable to approa* ?is "q ) ev5 common und]/&+4 ,n9e *ildr5 out ( t5 ga9 in=mation ^u ! relations ( ! sexes 9 ! wor/ possible way4 ,=tunate is ! *ild :o escapes ! contam9ation ( ignorant indec5cy4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t 9 *ildr5 ! activity ( ! intellig5ce beg9s to "w at an e>ly age4 ,curiosity is v prom95t3 all *ildr5 want 8to f9d out40 ,& _! activity w c]ta9ly t5d to manife/ itself 9 an inquisitive desire to "k _m elem5t>y facts ( life1 :i* are dep5d5t ^u sex4 ,! prim>y & mo/ univ]sal ( ^! desires is ! wi% to "k :]e babies come f4 ,! degree ( curiosity diff]s1 ( c\rse1 9 diff]5t *ildr52 ,i d n ?9k x is abs5t f any normal *ild4 ,if !y d n "q _! eld]s1 !y c]ta9ly w talk ) "o ano!r4 ,& ! %y *ild1 or ! *ild :o is kept f o!r companions1 is n sav$ f ^! curiosities3 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! int]e/ is /r5g!n$ & made m dang]\s by repression4 ,_m fooli% /ories are told by mo!rs1 9 _! bl9dness & lack ( fai?1 to put (f ! *ild's natural desire to le>n its orig94 ,!re is a curi\s illusion t *ildr5 accept ^! fables1 & really believe t ! baby is f\nd 9 ! g>d5 "u ! gooseb]ry tree1 or br\ght by ! /ork1 or by ! doctor 9 8 bag4 ,b ! *ild's p]ception is m acute ?an is believ$1 & v r>ely is any "o deceiv$4 ,& ! "m =gets t by puzzl+ ! *ild's m9d ) ^! fooli% /ories %e defeats v surely ! object = :i* !y are inv5t$4 ,! great] ! my/]y ab\t sex matt]s ! m w *ildi% curiosity be ar\s$4 ,we _c escape f ?is4 ,! *ild ?9ks mu* less ( :at x kn[s & is sure ( ?an ( :at x does n "k1 b wants to f9d out4 ,& ! same objection1 ( /imulat+ in/ead ( quiet+ curiosity1 applies to ! plan adopt$ by _m p>5ts ( tell+ ! *ild :5 x asks ^! que/ions t x is too "y to und]/& & mu/ wait until x is old]4 ,?is po/ponem5t is bett] ?an inv5t+ fooli% fables & tell+ lies1 b ,i am sure x is unwise4 ,! "m ?9ks ! *ild is satisfi$ & =gets4 ,v r>ely is ?is ! case2 ! *ild puzzles alone1 its curiosity only quick5$ by ! hurt t has be5 giv5 to its s5sitive "y intellig5ce4 ,a wide exp]i5ce has taught me t ! only *ildr5 :o d n talk or ?9k mu* ab\t ! orig9 ( babies are ! *ildr5 :o "k h[ babies are born4 ,! silly /ories told by p>5ts are supplem5t$ by equally absurd & (t5 s]i\sly injuri\s conv]sations ) o!r *ildr54 ,_m s]vants ( bo? sexes are addict$ to idle & irrev]5t1 ev5 if n vici\s1 talk ^u ?is subject1 & by ?is means ! views ( _m *ildr51 & ev5 _! :ole future outlook1 ^u sex are di/ort$ & besmir*$4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) boys1 :]e any intimacy ) s]vants is mu* m dang]\s ?an a simil> intimacy 9 ! case ( girls4 ,i mu/ foll[ ?is "q a little1 ?\gh x leads me aside f ! ma9 subject ( ?is *apt]4 ,"y boys at s*ool & else:]e are 9 con/ant dang]4 ,x is r>ely t girls are plac$ 9 a position ( intimacy ) an adult male1 except _! fa!r or _! bro!rs4 ,! v rev]se is ! case ) boys3 !y are t5d$1 & :5 "y are wa%$ & ba!d1 by wom5 s]vants1 _! clo!s are look$ aft] by wom51 9 sickness !y are nurs$ by wom51 & 9 innum]able cases !y are br\ght into mu* m intimate relations ) wom5 ?an girls are ev] br\ght into ) m54 ,i w\ld l to say a great deal m ab\t ?is dang]4 ,! "p play$ by s]vants 9 ! sexual initiation ( boys c>elessly left 9 _! *>ge1 & (t5 :5 !y are /ill *ildr51 is mu* l>g] ?an usually is cr$it$4 ,x is folly to close our eyes to ! evils t may1 & (t5 d1 arise4 ,p]haps 9 no o!r matt] has ! ignorance ( mo!rs work$ great] evils or be5 m culpable ?an x has be5 "h4 ,nor is x s]vants alone t h to be fe>$ 9 ?is connection3 _m boys h be5 s$uc$ by wom51 :o w\ld be lea/ suspect$ ( su* an act4 ,i c\ld give cases f my own k3 m51 at lea/1 w "k t ,i speak ! tru?4 ,! facts are ugly1 b !y may n be ov]look$4 ,no "m %\ld be ignorant on ^! matt]s4 ,= myself ,i w\ld tru/ my little adopt$ son--he is twelve ye>s old--) no s]vant & ) v few wom54 ,?is may seem a h>d say+1 b x is bas$ on a wide k ( :at happ5s to _m boys4 ,we expose our *ildr5 to manifold dang]s :i* only n[ are we com+ to und]/&4 ,we h to accept ^! ?+s unless we are ready to act4 ,ev5 if no su* great evil happ5s1 mu* h>m may be done by vulg> spee*4 ,beautiful & sacr$ emotions1 m>vell\s processes ( nature1 legitimate & ess5tial long+s1 become associat$ 9 ! t5d] exp&+ m9d ( ! heal?y boy ) ! unseemly1 ! %ameful1 & ! unclean4 ,:]e ! *ild %\ld le>n to wond]1 he is taught to "k %ame & to d]ide4 ,! results are t]rible 9 _m cases4 ,x is ! "m's duty & privilege unceas+ly to wat* h] *ild1 b ?is %e c d only if %e has k & is wise4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t ,i am unm9dful ( ! _m & great difficulties t h9d] ! actions ( p>5ts4 ,"u our pres5t conditions ( almo/ univ]sal concealm5ts1 ! sexual education ( our *ildr5 is1 inde$1 s difficult a problem t ,i am consci\s ( all mann] ( ob/acles z ,i attempt to sugge/ a solution4 ,( "o ?+ only am ,i c]ta93 we c no long] leave ?is matt] safely to ! haz>d ( *ance4 ,i "k well t !re are _m p>5ts :o1 fully recognis+ ! importance ( safegu>d+ _! *ildr51 yet hold back 9 fe> ( :at !y ?9k may be ! dang] ( br++ ! sex impulses too e>ly into ! *ild's focus ( consci\sness4 ,x is also ?\ght1 ?\gh less (t5 said1 t 9 previ\s g5]ations boys & girls got on v well )\t ?is fad ( sex-in/ruction4 ,b ! "q is :e!r !y really did4 ,! widespread preval5ce ( sexual tr\bles 7:i* are only n[ beg9n+ to be und]/ood & to ga9 ! att5tion t = s long !y h claim$7 is to a l>ge ext5t ! coroll>y ( our hypocritical or cynical attitude z adults to ! difficulties ( y\?4 ,we ourselves h 8muddl$ ?r\gh10 & we placate our consci5ces ) ! :isp]1 8,:at we h done1 ! y\ng/]s c d also4 ,let !m alone1 x's a bea/ly awkw>d subject to tackle40 ,x w\ld be wa/e ( "t to answ] su* argum5ts4 ,i w\ld po9t out only "o result ( su* crim9al & cold-blood$ indiff]5ce3 x is g5]ally ! mo/ promis+ *ildr5 :o are de/roy$ ?r\gh sex /ruggles4 ,! co>s]-fibr$ *ildr5 may escape & come ?r\gh )\t great hurt3 x is ! s5sitive *ildr5--:o fight & recoil & ?us suff]--:o are sacrific$ by ! total lack ( appreciation on ! "p ( _! eld]s ( _! difficulties & bl9d grop+s = light1 sacrific$ sometimes to ! slay+ ( ! body & ! s\l4 ,! fir/ objection ne$s m c>eful consid]ation4 ,"h1 z ,i h po9t$ out already1 ! greate/ diff]5ce ( op9ion arises 9 connection ) ! que/ions z to :5 & h[ sexual in/ruction %\ld be giv5 to *ildr54 ,"s1 l myself1 plead = ! enlight5m5t to be z e>ly z possible1 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( ! *ild's life1 s t nev] may !re be a consci\s p]iod 9 :i* ! *ild does n "k4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m :o disagree & hold x bett]1 = ! reasons ,i h %[n1 to def] sexual in/ruction till ! *ild is old]1 to ! onset ( pub]ty1 or ev5 lat]4 ,p]haps ! attitude common to mo/ p>5ts is "o ( hesitation1 t may be express$ 9 ! "q3 ,= h[ long c we safely leave ?is matt] alone8 ,no "o w wisely give a dogmatic answ] to ?is "q4 ,yet ,i ?9k we c come to a bett] und]/&+ if we at once put out ( our m9ds any idea ( =mal in/ruction4 ,sex is n some?+ outside ( life--a subject t we c tea* or n tea* to our *ild1 l ari?metic1 = in/ance4 ,?is has be5 our great mi/ake4 ,& we %all see our folly m cle>ly1 if = a little "t we focus our att5tion on ! *ild1 & /op our r useless discussions4 ,n[ x is "p ( ! popul> belief ab\t ! sexual impulse t x is abs5t 9 *ildhood1 & fir/ appe>s 9 ! p]iod ( life kn[n z pub]ty4 ,?is is a s]i\s error & "o t has br\ght _m evil consequ5ces1 n ! lea/ ( :i* has be5 our failure to und]/& ! nature ( ! *ild4 ,we are n[ reap+ our mi/akes & f9d+ out t ! exact opposite ( ?is is ! tru?4 ,! rem>kable "w ( ,freud1 t has op5$ up a :ole new field ( inquiry1 has %[n u t ! sexual in/9ct is nev] abs5t 9 ! normal *ild4 8,9 reality10 he /ates1 8! new-born infant br+s sexuality ) x into ! _w1 sexual s5sations accompany x ?r\gh ! days ( lactation & *ildhood1 & v few *ildr5 c fail to exp]i5ce sexual activities & feel+s be=e ! p]iod ( pub]ty40#ajb ,possibly !re is "s little exagg]ation 9 ?is view1 = ! basis ( our k is /ill v n>r[2 b x seems c]ta9 we mu/ accept ,freud's view z 9 ! ma9 "r1 z1 inde$1 any "o ( u :o has _h any exp]i5ce ( *ildr5 may prove = ourselves by our own obs]vation4 ,h y ev] consid]$ ! games ( y\r "y *ildr5--! way 9 :i* !y imitate fa!r & "m1 play ! game ( ! family1 & delight 9 be+ ! p>5ts ( _! dolls8 ,y\r *ild is be+ taught by ,nature1 & ! fir/ appe>ance ( sex 9 its he>t occurs z simply z ! fall ( ! dew ^u ! fl[]s4 ,x is we1 _! eld]s1 :o 9 our blund]+ too (t5 break 9 & sully ?is beautiful unfold+4 ,sex is n some?+ to be escap$ f4 ,?is nev] c be done4 ,we h1 ev5 if aga9/ our w1 to accept its pres5ce4 ,freud--& 8 op9ion may n be put aside--holds t 9 all "y *ildr5 !re is pres5t a sexual life m or less subconsci\s1 :i* may be exagg]at$ & ev5 p]v]t$ by any c>elessness1 neglect1 or repression4 ,x is believ$ t c]ta9 manife/ations ( infantile activity1 notably ! excretory functions & fe$+1 z also ! common habit ( ?umb-suck+ & bit+ ( ! nails1 are closely connect$ ) ! sexual impulse4 ,9 normal *ildr5 ! sexuality ( ?is infantile p]iod1 :i* la/s until ! ?ird or f\r? ye>1 !n passes into m or less complete oblivion4 ,!re foll[s a happy play p]iod dur+ :i* sex is lat5t1 & ?is la/s until pub]ty approa*es4 ,x is dur+ ?is p]iod ( sexual lat5cy t ! psy*ic =ces ( ! *ild develop--=ces :i*1 9 lat] ye>s1 act z inhibitions on ! sexual life & n>r[ & direct its expression l dams4 ,b 9 n]v\s *ildr51 :]e frequ5tly !re is sexual precocity1 ?is ord] is v likely to be di/urb$4 ,& ! dang] may be increas$ by ! ov]-fondl+ ( an unwise & voluptu\s "m1 by an ignorant nurse1 or ! sugge/ion ( an old] & vici\s *ild1 ) v detrim5tal results4 ,a wrong direction may mo/ easily be giv5 to ! *ild's sexual developm5t 9 its e>lie/ ye>s4 ,neurotic manife/ations su* z hy/]ia1 obsessions1 & _m sexual p]v]sions1 are trac$ back by ,freud to ! influ5ce ( ! wrongly direct$ or repress$ erotic exp]i5ces ( *ildhood4 ,x seems to be q cle> t any repression ( ! in/9ctive & subconsci\s infantile sexuality makes = evil2 t ! only safe c\rse to foll[ is ! culture ( a heal?y & "r expression4 ,freud goes ! l5g? ( say+ t obsessions are 9 e case trans=m$ reproa*es :i* h escap$ f ! attempt$ repression & are always connect$ ) "s pleasurable sexual feel+ ar\s$ 9 *ildhood4 ,n[1 be=e ,i g on fur!r to po9t out ! l9e ( action1 & ! *ange 9 our attitude to ?is "q1 t mu/ foll[ inevitably f our k ( ! e>ly exi/5ce 9 ! *ild ( ! sexual impulse1 ,i w\ld wi% to und]l9e z /rongly z ,i am able ! facts t we h le>nt3 7#a7 ,e *ild is born ) a sexual nature2 7#b7 ?is infantile sexuality furni%es ! gr\ndwork ( ! lat] sexual life2 7#c7 & ! individual's sexual conduct & heal? w dep5d1 9 "p at lea/1 on ! peculi>ities ( ?is e>ly p]iod ( infancy & *ildhood2 7#d7 !re=e1 ! sexual desires & in/9cts ) :i* ! *ild is born _c safely be left alone2 !y mu/ be dealt ) 9 "s way2 7#e7 = a wrong direction to ^! in/9cts may mo/ easily be giv5 by any mi/ake or neglect on ! "p ( ! "m or ^? connect$ ) ! *ild2 7#f7 la/ly1 & mo/ important ( all1 repression ( sex is always dang]\s2 any ef=ts made 9 ?is direction are v likely to lead to evil 9 ! lat] life ( ! *ild4 ,we h f\nd n[ ! answ] to ! "q we 7 seek+3 ! sexual education ( ! *ild %\ld beg9 9 its e>lie/ ye>s1 s9ce !re is no age too "y = h>m to be done by our neglect or mi/akes4 ,! fir/ tea*] mu/1 !re=e1 be ! "m1 :o is ) ! *ild & %\ld wat* ov] & direct its unfold+ nature1 by unceas+ & selfless c>e1 9 ^! e>ly ye>s :5 c>e c\nts = mo/4 ,& ,i w\ld /ate 9 pass+1 t "h is ano!r reason--& ,i hold x ! /ronge/ reason ( all--:y no "m1 :o is n =c$ to d s1 %\ld leave h] home to "w & h ?us to delegate h] sacr$ duty ( c>+ = h] *ild to ano!r4 ,b aga9 we are fac$ ) difficulties _m & v>i\s t w h to be ov]come4 ,= :ile e "o mu/ agree t a wise "m is incomp>ably ! *ild's be/ tea*]1 x is equally true t ! unwise "m may d incalculable h>m4 ,& :5 we face1 z ,i am attempt+ to d1 ! conditions ( ! ord9>y home1 z we all "k x to be "u ! pres5t guidance ( ignorance & prejudice 9 ^! que/ions1 x seems c]ta9 t few mo!rs c wisely c>ry out ?is tea*+4 ,n mu* hope = ! *ild until ?is is *ang$4 ,?us1 x is cle> t ! sexual education ( ! *ild w h to beg9 ) *ang$ conditions 9 ! home & sexual education ( ! "m4 ,?is is go+ to be a v difficult task1 & ,i speak "h ( good mo!rs1 n ( bad ones4 ,x is a pa9ful fact t _m mo!rs1 :o are ke5ly consci\s ( _! responsibility & mo/ anxi\s to tra9 _! *ildr5 aright1 are too %y to be ( mu* direct use to !m 9 _! sexual education4 ,!y _c free !mselves1 ev5 :5 !y wi% to d ?is1 f ! vulg>isation ( ! idea ( sex t has result$ f _! own tra9+4 ,!re c be no?+ ga9$ by pret5d+ t ?is "q ( sexual education is go+ to be an easy matt]4 ,x may be s 9 !ory1 x w n be easy 9 practice4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 ,i am s fill$ ) d\bts & sadness1 t1 if do+ & say+ no?+ 7 work+ well1 ,i might be tempt$ to ?9k t to e/abli% sexual tra9+ "u pres5t conditions 0 ev5 a worse c\rse ?an to g on leav+ ! matt] alone4 ,b ,i "k t all is n well4 ,by cont9u+ our policy ( neglig5ce & c[>dice we are hold+ op5 ! way to disa/]s 9 ! future1 ! f>-rea*+ evils ( :i* we are only n[ beg9n+ to und]/&4 ,x is obvi\s t sex in/ruction may be giv5 blund]+ly ev5 ) ! greate/ good-w2 ,i am1 inde$1 exce$+ly d\btful ( ! efficacy ( any k9d ( =mal tea*+4 ,c]ta9ly set lessons1 or ev5 8arrang$ talks10 %\ld n be giv5 to "y *ildr54 ,all *ildr5 h>b\r curiosities reg>d+ _! bodily /ructure & ! basis ( life4 ,9 an atmosph]e ( tru/1 soon] or lat] !y w express ^! natural curiosities 9 a t5tative1 haphaz>d way4 ,?is is ! psy*ological mom5t = ! "m's tea*+4 ,! "q ask$ mu/ be answ]$ tru?fully & 9 t]ms simplifi$ to ! compreh5sion ( ! *ild4 ,! reply mu/ h ! air ( be+ bo? c&id & confid5tial3 t is to say1 x mu/ satisfy curiosity & at ! same "t leave ! impression t su* subjects are to be avoid$ 9 g5]al conv]sation1 n because !y are 8na/y10 b because !y are s sacr$ & intimate t !y %\ld be m5tion$ only to ^? ! *ild loves & respects4 ,! ideal mu/ ev] be to educate ?r\gh love1 to avoid always repressive measures1 & to aid ! expression ( ! normal sex in/9cts3 let ! *ild e/abli% its own psy*ic individuality4 ,our unconsci\s example mu/ always be f> /rong] 9 its result on ! *ild's m9d ?an any?+ we c say4 ,( :at use c our tea*+ be1 if1 ?r\gh our own want ( purity1 ! concealm5ts t bre$ curiosity & %ame1 are evid5t 9 all our attitude to our bodies & to ! physical facts ( our be+8 ,! *ild is n %[n ! duty ( rev]5ce = himself2 he is n taught ! beauty ( all ! processes ( 8 "y life2 ! sex organs are left )\t prop] names1 & ! *ild is told t x mu/ n speak ( ^! p>ts4 ,we are cont9u\sly c>eless 9 our conv]sations & 9 our acts be=e our *ildr54 ,we take !m to see picture plays & all[ !m to read books & tell !m /ories 9 :i* love is vulg>is$1 & all k9ds ( false /atem5ts are all[$4 ,9 ^! & 9 num]\s o!r ways1 we$s are caus$ by our folly to spr+ up 9 ! *ild's m9d4 ,we c nev] undo by any tea*+ a s5se ( %ame 9 sex & love t our actions & ?\ghtless words h reveal$ to ! quick intellig5ce ( ! *ild4 ,x is entirely false to ?9k t ! facts ( sex pla9ly & simply told w %ock & seem /range to ! "y *ild4 ,x is to ! pruri5t only t !re is any?+ ugly or disillusion+ 9 bir? & love4 ,! *ild w receive y\r in=mation ) wond] & guileless delicacy4 ,! "m ne$ h no fe> ( h] *ild1 only ( h]self4 ,! error 9 all ^! cases is ! error ( our own impurity ( ?\ght2 ! hateful idea t ! facts ( sex are ugly & disillusion+4 ,"h we h ! key to ! :ole problem3 x expla9s ! utt] helplessness & weakness ( our attitude4 ,x w be v long be=e ?is c be *ang$2 ! evil is root$ s deeply 9 almo/ all ( u4 ,a *ild ( f\r & ev5 y\ng] w beg9 to ask que/ions ( its "m4 ,z soon z ! que/ions are put !y %\ld be answ]$ 9 su* a mann] t ! *ild's curiosity is satisfi$4 ,& ?is br+s me to :at ,i hold to be m important ?an all else4 ,9 ?is difficult "q ( sexual enlight5m5t1 x is ! *ild :o mu/ be ! guide ( ! p>5t4 ,i reg>d ?is z ! mo/ urg5t rule = e "m4 ,nev] ar\se sexual curiosity 9 ! *ild1 ei!r directly by (f]+ in/ruction on ! subject or indirectly by c>eless spee* or action1 b always be ready to satisfy su* curiosity at once :5 x is pres5t 9 ! *ild's consci\sness4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 to say t e "q ( ! *ild mu/ be answ]$ by ! tru?4 ,x goes )\t say+1 t ! "m mu/ give h] answ] j z if %e 7 talk+ on any o!r subject1 or expla9+ ! function ( any o!r organ ( ! body4 ,?is c\rse c be adopt$ only :]e adults are able to talk ( ^! subjects )\t %ame4 ,!re mu/ be no hu%$ voices1 no special mann] 9 speak+4 ,any h9t ( su* feel+ or hesitancy on ! "p ( ! "m w communicate itself at once to ! quick consci\sness ( ! *ild4 ,"h aga9 ,i am driv5 back to ! difficulty ( our own fe> ( sex3 ?is is ! /umbl+-block t h9d]s ! "r tea*+ ( our *ildr54 ,i "k !re are _m p>5ts :o w fe> ?is op5ness ( spee* & action1 hold+ t x is dang]\s to break ?r\gh ! my/]y & res]ve ) :i* we h surr\nd$ ! physical facts ( love4 ,?is dang] is felt to be specially great 9 ! case ( girls4 ,i am c]ta9 ?is is a v deep mi/ake4 ,%[ ! *ild t ! my/]y ( sex re/s 9 its sacr$ness3 tea* x t1 = ?is reason1 we d n speak ( ! subject lightly1 hold+ x 9 too great rev]5ce = common spee*2 b nev] let x be ?\ght ( z a subject taboo$1 "o on :i* op5ness ( ?\ght is n nice1 = ?us x w become %ameful1 & uncleanness & n my/]y w keep x 9 ! d>k places ( ! *ild's consci\sness4 ,b "h ,i w\ld give a fur!r ^w ( w>n+ to ! "m4 ,%e mu/ n expect or desire f h] *ild a cont9u$ att5tion to h] tea*+1 nor mu/ %e =ce by ov]-emphasis or any k9d ( moral w>n+s a false s5tim5t 9 h] tea*+4 ,i believe ?is to be v important4 ,! *ild1 at ! age :5 su* que/ions fir/ w be ask$ & %\ld be answ]$1 w tire v quickly ( any in=mation t ! "m gives4 ,x w break (f to run away & play1 or w int]rupt ! mo/ beautiful & c>efully prep>$ lesson4 ,b if ! "m is wise1 %e w nev] g beyond ! int]e/ ( ! *ild4 ,facts communicat$ 9 ?is way & at su* natural opportunities are subconsci\sly not$ & swiftly dismiss$ f ! consci\sness ( ! *ild1 :o soon becomes int]e/$ 9 some?+ else aft] ! disconnect$ discursive fa%ion ( *ildi% ?9k+4 ,&1 :5 s treat$1 x w be f\nd t *ildr5 are n inord9ately int]e/$ 9 ^! que/ions2 !y w break (f f :at !y are ask+ y ab\t bir? or ! proc$ure ( ! sexual act to talk ab\t toy soldi]s or dolls4 ,?is v c>elessness 9 att5tion is1 inde$1 ! imm5se value ( ?is =m ( tea*+3 ! *ild has ! in=mation & yet does n tr\ble ab\t x1 & ignores x :5 x is n to ! po9t4 ,su* c nev] be ! case :5 ! in=mation is giv5 9 ! =m ( a set lesson & int]connect$ ) moral tea*+4 ,s important is ?is t ,i ?9k x bett] & saf] = ! "m to err on ! side ( say+ too little ?an say+ too mu*4 ,all t is ess5tial is t ! tru? %\ld be told4 ,n[ ?is is n go+ to be easy4 ,above all else1 x is necess>y to e/abli%1 z f> z is possible1 feel+s ( op5ness & sympa?y betwe5 ! "m & h] *ild4 ,& = ?is x is ess5tial t ! "m mu/ h]self h ! mo/ absolute fai? 9 ! purity ( sex1 & 9 h] own physical relation%ip to h] *ild & to its fa!r4 ,)\t ?is no?+ t is wor? ga9+ c be ga9$ f any =m ( tea*+4 ,! slighte/ d\bt or unc]ta9ty on ! "m's "p is fatal2 !n1 at once1 %ame w beg9 to creep 9 to hurt ! "y & s5sitive life4 ,!re is ano!r matt] t mu/ be consid]$4 ,x is (t5 /at$1 by ! mo/ c>eful p>5ts z well z by ^? :o are c>eless1 t complete & p]fect sympa?y exi/s betwe5 !m & _! *ildr54 8,my *ild tells me ev]y?+0 has be5 ! ?\ght to br+ com=t to _m mo!rs4 ,b is ?is true8 ,= myself ,i h wond]$ if su* an ideal c ev] be atta9$ fully4 ,nor am ,i c]ta91 if we ?9k ( ! *ild only1 :e!r x is an ideal really to be desir$4 ,we h to rememb] t we--! p>5ts--belong to "o g5]ation & ! *ild to ano!r4 ,& ?is b>ri] ( age is felt 9 no?+ m /rongly ?an x is 9 sex4 ,! int5se & complicat$ =ces t h m\ld$ u are b awak5+ 9 ! "y life4 ,we c1 at be/1 hope only to guide our *ildr52 we c give to !m "s little k ga9$ by ! exp]i5ce ( our mi/akes1 b we _c give !m ! k !y c ga9 only f life1 nor c we save !m f mak+ _! own mi/akes4 ,idle curiosity is bani%$ by simple hone/ tea*+1 & mu* evil is !reby prev5t$4 ,b ! b\ndless curiosity ( ! *ild is n &1 inde$1 %\ld n be satisfi$4 ,! boy or ! girl1 z he or %e gr[s old]1 w h to exp]im5t1 to f9d out = himself or h]self4 ,to ignore ?is ne$ is1 ,i am c]ta91 to bl9d ourselves to ! facts ( life4 ,we mu/ be prep>$ t1 ) all our c>e1 our mo/ lov+ ef=ts to ga9 ! confid5ce ( our *ildr5 w be met by refusals4 ,& al?\gh ?is failure may1 &1 inde$1 mu/ sadd5 u z we wat* ! *ild ( our love pass+ out ( ! protective circle ( our p[] to help1 we ne$ to "k t ?is is a natural process--a /ep =w>d t %\ld be tak5 by ! boy or girl2 we ev5 fail 9 our duty d we try to hold !m back & refuse to loos5 ! cords ( guidance4 ,! *ild is fulfill+ 8 or h] own ne$s 9 turn+ f u4 ,age _c always help y\?4 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ! *ild desires & %\ld h ! v individualis$ & b9d+ relation ) its p>5ts1 b :5 he is old] he ought to free himself f ! old b9d+s--f ! cov]+ protection ( ! "m & fa!r--if he is to e/abli% 8 own "* & suitably adapt himself to ! _w outside ! home4 ,our *ildr5 w turn away f u 9 _! se>* = k & exp]i5ce4 ,all t any "m c d is to e/abli% a relation%ip ( op5ness & confid5ce 9 h] *ild's e>ly ye>s1 = if x is n done !n h>dly ev] c x be done lat]4 ,b ev5 :5 ?is has done1 !re w /ill be ne$$ ! utmo/ c>e t :at has be5 ga9$ may n be us$ = ! "m's own satisfaction & aga9/ ! good ( ! boy or ! girl4 ,all ! wisdom & pati5ce & t5d]ness & sacrifice ( ! p>5ts w be ne$$ aft] ! epo* ( pub]ty & 9 ! difficult ye>s ( adolesc5ce1 to "k :5 x is wise to give advice & claim confid5ce1 or :5 ! h>d] duty mu/ be done ( pu%+ ! boy or ! girl away to exp]im5t & live ^u _! own responsibility4 ,"h1 aga91 ,i w\ld give w>n+3 9 ^! lat] adolesc5t ye>s x is always ! *ild--boy or girl--& n ! p>5ts :o mu/ be ! guide4 ,! "m & ! fa!r mu/ be ready at all times1 b _! task is1 ,i ?9k1 "o ( v pati5t & lov+ wait+3 x is ! *ild :o mu/ desire to give ! confid5ce4 ,x is true t ! wise p>5t may create opportunities ( confid5ce2 to ^! ! boy or ! girl w respond readily2 at lea/ ?is w be s :5 ! e>ly tra9+ ( ! *ild has be5 )\t any hateful s5se ( %ame4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* are ! facts z !y pres5t !mselves to me4 ,! real failure 9 sexual education arises f our treatm5t ( sex z some?+ ap>t f ! re/ ( life4 ,we h got to *ange ?is1 if we are to help our *ildr54 ,sex mu/ cease to be a =bidd5 subject4 ,label any natural function z improp]1 n to be spok5 ab\t & repell5t1 & at once y set up an abnormal curiosity1 & op5 a way = almo/ e evil4 ,we mu/ cease to be afraid4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 a v deep reason = ?is fe> ( sex4 ,! sex impulses are n (t5 realis$ & und]/ood 9 ! consci\s life ( m5 & wom51 & al?\gh !y c be caught up & fus$ into all t is be/ 9 ! individual "*1 !y rema9 9 mo/ ( u unrecognis$ & untam$4 ,y w see :at ,i mean4 ,! sex in/9ct has reta9$ its wildness1 & we mu/1 ,i ?9k1 face ! fact t !re is 9 all ( u a volcanic elem5t 9 sex1 und]ly+ & influ5c+ all ! re/ ( our nature1 &1 = t v reason1 %ak+ ! individual "* f its f\ndations ) tremor1 if n ) cata/rophe4 ,?is di/ru/ ( ! dynamic =ce1 :i* s (t5 we h f\nd difficult to control 9 ourselves1 causes u to fe> = our *ildr54 ,we are afraid t _m gr[?s we d n l may spr+ up 9 !m4 ,& ! imm$iate result 9 u is an inhibitory awkw>dness--l>gely an ef=t ( hid+--9 ! face ( ev]y?+ t comes )9 hail+ di/ance ( ! sex passion4 ,until we h cle>$ our ?\ghts f ?is confusion ( fe>1 v little good c be done4 ,let u purify ourselves & re-e/abli% our own fai?4 ,:5 once we come to und]/&1 we _c g on leav+ our *ildr5 to be sulli$1 & 9 "s cases--& ^? n a few--ev5 cru%$ & de/roy$ by our mock mode/y1 %am dec5cies & complac5t bl9dness4 ,x is my firm conviction t mo/ ( ! p]v]sions ( sex1 a :ole li/ ( diseases1 ! almo/ c\ntless numb] ( unhappy m>riages1 _m ( ! exi/+ social evils--may be trac$ back to ?is cause4 ,x is unsafe to prophesy1 yet ,i ?9k mu* ( ! mis]y w\ld be rem$i$1 if once we c\ld dispel ! un:olesome my/]y ) :i* we1 9 our timidity & uncleanness ( m9d1 h envelop$ ! facts ( bir? & ! relations betwe5 ! sexes4 ,su* my/]y is really no?+ b %ame2 mu* ( x may be dispell$ by ! :olesome light ( simple & wise tea*+4 ,s only c we hope to guide our *ildr5's natural & beautiful unfold+4 ,we mu/ inculcate 9 !m f _! e>lie/ ye>s respect = _! own bodies & = ! reproductive act4 ,rev]5ce = sex z some?+ holy %\ld be "p ( e *ild's education4 ,! et]nal hymn ( ,love is ! noble/ /ra9 9 ! univ]se1 & ! "y %\ld be taught to he$ x rev]5tly4 ,!re mu/ be no false valuation ( ! impulse :i* unites m5 & wom51 if we wi% our daught]s & our sons to fulfil wor?ily ! high duties ( p>5?ood4 ,we _c tea* unless our fai? is great & we also practise4 ,we mu/ plant deep 9 our *ildr5's fre% natures a desire = beauty1 n alone 9 outside ?+s1 b 9 all ?\ght & 9 e de$ relat+ to ! ,life =ce1 :i* is ,love4 ,y w see n[ ! scope ( ! claim ,i am mak+ = sexual education3 x is to be ! means :]eby concealm5ts are to be brok5 ?r\gh & %ame 9 sex is to be de/roy$4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,sexual ,,education ,,) ,,special ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,,adolesc5t ,,girl ,our v limit$ p[]s--,our *ildr5 h to exp]im5t & to le>n life = !mselves--,! !oretical tea*] :o re=ms ! _w on pap]--,! h9drances plac$ 9 ! way ( ! sex emotions--,we educate girls & boys z if !y 7 sexless neut]s--,! folly ( ?is d5ial ( sex--,! orig9 ( our fe>--,an attempt to express ! psy*ological mean+ ( ! comb9ation ( ! man & ! woman--,! diff]5ces betwe5 ! boy & ! girl--,an attempt to foll[ ?is dissimil>ity--,! evils aris+ f ! mod]n t5d5cy to ignore sex diff]5ces--,?is ! real weakness 9 ! position ( ! mod]n girl--,%e has a pr(\nd di/ru/ ( h]self z a woman--,our s*ools & educational sy/em f\nd$ on ! ne$s ( boys--,?is a great evil--,! developm5t ( ! girl at pub]ty m difficult ?an ! developm5t ( ! boy--,e girl lives a hidd5 life ( h] own--,! conflict 9 ! s5sitive s\l ( ! adolesc5t--,?is ! age ( romance & idealism--,! dang] ( sudd5 & wrong k ( ! physical facts ( sex--,full in/ruction ( girls m necess>y ev5 ?an ! in/ruction ( boys--,! imm5se dang] ( repression--,! trans=mation ( pub]ty--,pa9ful exp]i5ces ( y\? act h>mfully 9 ! lat] ye>s--,our deadly sil5ces & %am pres5tation ( life--,! injury we d to ! girl by ignor+ h] sexual life--,induces sexual coldness--,?is ! great cause ( unhapp9ess 9 m>riage--,our fe> & d5ial ( love--,?is :at is wrong ) life4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,sexual ,,education ,,) ,,special ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,! ,,adolesc5t ,,girl 8,b1 alas6 a h9drance ev] lurke? 9 our way2 x is ! leav5 9 ! d\gh1 ! deadly flies t inv]t ! sweetness ( ! fragrant w9e2 ''' ,?us ''' ! wrongful ?\ghts f]m5t4 ,evil pl\ghe? 9 & urge? z a task-ma/]4 ,he wa/e? & de/roye?1 &1 lo6 we are tak5 captive 9 ?is ?raldom2 he give? ov] ! innoc5t & pure to dea?2 defilem5t spreade?1 & ( joy !re is naught left40--7,eng4 trans41 ,jewi% ,pray] = ! ,day ( ,atonem5t47 ,n[1 because ,i desire sexual enlight5m5t = all *ildr51 &1 9 p>ticul>1 = all girls1 & seek z a re=m] ! re-%ap+ ( education 9 ! home & 9 ! s*ool1 x does n foll[ t ,i am s ov]-presumptu\s z to believe x possible 9 ?is way quickly to rem$y all sexual mi/akes1 or t ,i d n realise h[ our policy ( muddle & leav+ ^! matt]s alone has n always be5 z disa/r\s z1 inde$1 we might expect4 ,i "k t 9 _m cases & among num]\s "y p ! sexual life foll[s a heal?y & beautiful unfold+1 9 spite ( any?+ we may d or may leave undone4 ,& x ne$s b a cursory view to see t all is n confus$ & an aimless conflict ( wa/e1 b t ! wond]ful beauty ( y\? (t5 w triumph ov] ! meanness ( our fe>s1 our subt]fuges & bl9d blund]+s4 ,"o p]ceives some?+ t goes on1 some?+ t is cont9ually work+ 9 ! *ild to make ord] out ( our muddle1 beauty out ( our defacem5ts3 to =ce light1 frankness & purity 9 place ( our %ams & our lies4 ,d\btless to ! !oretical tea*] eag] to re=m ! _w on pap]1 x seems a v easy matt] to lay d[n rules = mo!rs & tea*]s reg>d+ sexual in/ruction--new f+]-po/s to conduct1 :]eby ! "y g5]ation may be gu>d$ f mak+ ! mi/akes t we ourselves h made4 ,b c we d ?is8 ,= 9 sex we h z yet le>nt v little1 & ,i d\bt sometimes if we c ev] le>n v mu*1 except ea* "o ( u = ourselves out ( our own exp]i5ce4 ,we ( an old] g5]ation _c save our *ildr5 v f>1 or hold !m back f life4 ,& x may be well t at once we realise & ackn[l$ge ! v n>r[ limits ( our p[]4 ,b ?is is n to say t we are to %irk & cont9ue to act z if all 7 well :5 we "k t x is n s4 ,! mann] 9 :i*1 up to ! pres5t day1 we h completely ignor$ ! v fact ( sex 9 our educational sy/em is almo/ incr$ible4 ,!re has be5 9 _m directions a va/ range ( betrayal & bas5ess 9 our treatm5t ( y\?4 ,no o!r emotion is s h9d]$1 oppos$1 & load$ ) mat]ial & moral fett]s4 ,we "k h[ education makes a beg9n+ 9 ?is way1 & h[ life cont9ues ! process4 ,p]haps "s ( ^! h9drances are inevitable2 b _m are ! direct result ( our adult /upidity1 & ! way we h fail$ 9 tra9+ ! "y4 ,h[ c y expect ! primitive p[]ful sex impulse n to suff]8 ,! sex emotions are among ! deepe/1 if n ! deepe/1 ( our nature2 !y ex]cise an influ5ce on e phase ( developm5t1 &1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 direct ! entire be+ ( ! individual4 ,we "k ?is4 ,& all ! "t we cont9ue to educate girls & boys z if !y 7 sexless neut]s4 ,c\ld folly be great]8 ,by our tea*+ & our example we are de/roy+ = ! "y ! h>mony ( ,nature4 ,we ourselves are %ame-fac$ because we are /ill savages 9 sex4 ,if n1 :y ?is awe & funk1 ^! taboos & my/]ies1 all ! secretive cunn+ ) :i* we hide f ! "y facts t we all "k1 b pret5d t we don't "k8 ,& x _c be ov]look$ t ?is fe> ( sex is ( v anci5t orig91 :i* makes x ! m difficult to eradicate4 ,we h1 ,i believe1 to all[ = an ages-old1 & !re=e /rongly root$1 s5se ( sep>ation1 caus+ an (t5 unconsci\s antagonism betwe5 ! two sexes4 ,we see its un*eck$ action 9 _m examples 9 ! animal k+dom1 ?\gh n 9 all--x is q abs5t1 = in/ance1 9 ! family life ( c]ta9 insects & 9 ! p]fect loves ( _m birds1 ^: life-hi/ories we exam9$ 9 ! fir/ section ( ?is book4 ,we see ! same antagonism act+ cont9ually among primitive peoples 9 ! elaborate & sacr$ sy/em ( taboos :i* sep>ate ! two sexes4 ,inde$1 ! beg9n+s ( ! m>riage sy/em c be trac$ back to a primitive conception ( dang] atta*+ to ! sexual act4 ,i am n v hopeful t ?is sex sep>ation t is a k9d ( antagonism c ev] be :olly elim9at$2 ,i am n ev5 sure t x is well t x %\ld be elim9at$4 ,may x n be t love itself w\ld be )]$ did we take x away8 ,i am n c]ta9 at all2 ,i "k1 h[ev]1 t ?is fe> ( sex has l$ u into great folly4 ,:at is ! psy*ological mean+ ( ! comb9ation ( man & woman8 ,x is ! union betwe5 opposites1 :i*1 p]haps1 ,i may try to expla9 fur!r z ! union betwe5 consci\sness & unconsci\sness4 ,! man is ess5tially consci\s1 ! woman ess5tially unconsci\s2 ! man is conc5trat$ 9 8 intellect1 ! woman is conc5trat$ 9 h] s5ses4 ,^!1 at lea/1 are ! ne>e/ words 9 :i* ,i am able to express x4 ,& ( "o ?+ ,i am c]ta93 ! mod]n way ( mix+ ! qualities ( ! two sexes acts directly = unhapp9ess & 9 h>m to ! race4 ,i did n always ?9k ?is3 ,i did n want to ?9k x4 ,i h come sl[ly to be conv9c$ & aga9/ my own w4 ,& ,i am glad to take ! opportunity n[1 z ,i ne> ! end ( my book on ,mo!rhood--! subject :i* ev] has be5 deepe/ 9 my he>t--to /ate ?is z my lat] op9ion1 :i* has be5 made cle> to me by ! exp]i5ces ( my life4 ,!re is no use 9 say+ !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! girl & ! boy :5 human nature keeps ass]t+ t !re is4 ,!re is ev51 z ,i h be5 =c$ into accept+1 a natural t5d5cy betwe5 boys & girls to draw away f ea* o!r4 ,y may see ?is sep>ation 9 e co-education s*ool :]e ! *ildr51 l$ by deep] in/9cts ?an we h und]/ood1 br+ our wisdom to fooli%ness4 ,!y unconsci\sly feel t sep>ation :i* we h be5 try+ to pret5d does n exi/4 ,ea* sex1 at ! v dawn ( ! te5s & be=e1 is unfold+ int]e/s1 ta/es1 plays & ambitions ( its own4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to foll[ ?is dissimil>ity z f> z x c\ld lead u4 ,sometimes x w\ld seem t we _h got to ! bottom--to :at is common to ! girl z to ! boy2 ! qualities t bo? sexes %>e z human be+s1 :]e ! ties ( simil>ity seem to l9k _! *>act]s4 ,b wait6 deep] ?an ?is we mu/ seek = ! tru?4 ,ev5 9 ?is lik5ess !re is an all-p]vad+ unlik5ess4 ,& x is j ?is3 ! diff]5ces1 :i* _c1 ,i ?9k1 be express$1 b :i* d exi/--diff]5ces 9 s\ls1 9 m9ds & 9 bodies--z well z a sep>ation 9 ! habits1 ! desires1 & attitude to life1 t makes = su* h>mony 9 ! elem5tal dep?s4 ,! influ5ce ( sex ext5ds 9 my/]i\s ways t z yet we d n und]/&4 ,& ! v>iation betwe5 ! girl & ! boy is f> great]1 ,i believe1 ?an has ev] 9 mod]n times be5 recognis$4 ,! long] ,i live1 & ! m life tea*es me1 ! m /rongly ,i am conv9c$ ( ?is fact3 y d n make ! girl into ! boy by ignor+ h] special functions2 y d n less5 sexuality by pret5d+ x is n !re4 ,f ! />t ( pub]ty ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! girl & ! boy %\ld be fac$2 great is ! h>m t foll[s f our pret5d+ x is n !re4 ,& ! hurt suff]$ 9 my op9ion1 is almo/ always m s]i\s to ! girl ?an to ! boy4 ,_m wom5 are bl9dly prejudic$ on ?is "q z1 inde$1 ,i myself once 04 ,! reason ( su* mi/ake is pla94 ,?is break+ d[n or less5+ ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! two sexes may be1 & is1 possible4 ,by means ( education & ! action ( habit a *ild may be impress$ ) *>act]i/ics normally =eign to its sex1 qualities & t5d5cies are ?us develop$ :i* ord9>ily appe> only 9 a *ild ( ! opposite sex4 ,i w\ld ref] ! read] back to ! e>ly section ( ?is book = examples1 mo/ curi\s & sugge/ive1 ( su* complete transposition ( ! female & male *>act]s4#ajc ,?+s are n q s obvi\sly pla9 9 ! human _w1 b !y are n less fateful1 less significant4 ,we t\* "h ! real weakness 9 ! position ( ! mod]n girl3 ! pr(\nd di/ru/ t %e has ( h]self4 ,i d n mean1 ( c\rse1 intellectually or z a work]1 b a di/ru/ ( h]self z ,woman4 ,i believe x results directly f educational influ5ces4 ,all our ef=t is direct$ to repress f ! consci\sness ( ! girl ! realities ( h] own sexual nature2 & :at we d is to h9d] h] deepe/ in/9cts s t (t5 !y fail 9 f9d+ a heal?y expression4 ,9 our s*ools ! educational sy/em is f\nd$ on ! ne$s ( boys & n on ! ne$s ( girls4 ,i reg>d ?is z a great crime4 ,= "o ?+1 ! developm5t ( ! girl is m obscure & difficult ?an ! developm5t ( ! boy2 9 h] sex-life !re are f9] balances1 :i* op5s up ! way to great] evils4 ,!re is e possibility ( morbid di/urbance f any mi/akes 9 ! tra9+4 ,! girl has m t %e ne$s to le>n to e/abli% h] heal? & sexual happ9ess ?an has ! boy2 ! pubesc5t p]iod la/s long] ) h] & is m unsettl+2 :ile ! greate/ difficulty ( all1 p]haps1 arises f ! fact t h] conduct is m rul$ by deep unconsci\s in/9cts4 ,e girl lives a hidd5 life ( h] own1 & x is )9 ?is %r9e ( h] individuality t ! primitive & fi]ce in/9cts ( h] sex /ruggle to f9d expression2 & ?\gh always unackn[l$g$ & (t51 inde$1 unrecognis$1 alike by ! girl h]self z well z by h] eld]s1 x is ^! in/9cts t direct h] gr[? & are ! det]m9+ influ5ce ( h] life1 f> m important ?an ! actions direct$ by h] consci\s self1 :i* is occupi$ 9 le>n+ lessons1 9 play1 & all ! outw>d int]e/s ( ! daily life4 ,& x is ?is deep] ego t suff]s f our educational sy/em & ! elaborate +5uity ) :i* ! facts ( life are hidd5 & gloss$ ov]4 ,girls 9 our s*ools1 & also 9 our homes1 are tra9$ to become secretive ab\t !mselves1 treat+ _! special sexual functions z a my/]y & a %ame4 ,tru?-tell+ is inculcat$ 9 all matt]s except sex1 & "h !re is an unceas+ evasion1 :i* prep>es di%>monies at ! v dawn ( sexual consci\sness4 ,let u und]/& :at h>m we are do+4 ,d we "k8 ,d we c>e8 ,we h1 ,i suppose1 a c]ta9 vague ideal z to :at ,woman %\ld be1 b z f> z ,i c see we give no k9d ( tra9+ to help a girl 9 any way to live heal?ily & fully h] life z a woman4 ,z x is1 "o is tempt$ to say t x is r 9 spite ( ?an by means ( h] education t any mod]n girl arrives at any conception ( h] womanly nature & h] tasks4 ,we really seem to be proclaim+ a s5se ( injury because !re is su* a fact 9 ! girl's nature z sex4 ,aga9 ,i ass]t t our crime is manife/4 ,we h set up an educational sy/em t is bl9d to ! ne$s ( girls & ! facts ( _! sexual life4 ,h[ _m among u wom5 ( ?is g5]ation h suff]$ hurt--?\s&s ( wom5 defraud$ ( happ9ess & ( heal?1 be>+ ) !m ye> aft] ye> ! m>k ( lo/ in/9cts1 /ifl$ desires1 & natures 9 "p murd]$4 ,d ,i write /rongly8 ,yes1 ,i d2 b ,i write ( :at ,i "k to be true4 ,mo!rs1 wrapp$ 9 ! long trance ( complac5t liv+1 rema9 indiff]5t1 or are !mselves too ignorant & dead to life to give help4 ,z _! daught]s come to consci\sness1 z !y beg9 to suff] _! own fulfilm5t1 !y c d no?+ & !y ca/ !m (f4 ,h>d %ut d[n & sil5t 9 !mselves1 h[ _m girls suff] ! angui% ( y\? rea*+ out = ! unkn[n ideal t !y c't grasp1 c't ev5 di/+ui% or conceive4 ,:at we call education helps !m n at all1 = h[ c any educational sy/em succe$ :5 x runs contr>y to nature8 ,all ! l>g] intimate problems t encompass life are neglect$1 :ile ! intellect is cramm$ ) a /ore ( q useless facts4 ,real education w\ld lead to emancipation1 b in/ead we prep>e girls = exam9ations4 ,& :at we h to fe> is a dead5+ ( physical & spiritual response t mu/ t5d to foll[ f ?is suppression4 ,= :at is a girl's life8 ,%e works & re/s f "w1 eats1 & sleeps1 & plays1 & all ! :ile %e rema9s wrapp$ 9 ! close/ egoism1 h] /ronge/ in/9cts sm\ld]+ b5ea? ! dull weight ( an education t is n an education1 b an un/imulat+ & con=m+ pret5ce1 & n fitt$ to ! ne$s1 ( liv+4 ,ev5 :5 %e is free & is turn$ out at la/1 apa!tic & oblit]at$1 %e c>ries ) h] vague dreads ( positive acts & new ideas4 ,h[ seldom does %e succe$ 9 urg+ out ( h]self ! inmo/ vital "p %e has /ifl$4 ,%e is compact$ ( numb$ faculties & inhibit$ desires4 ,! inmo/ ,self ye>ns to get out & away1 to sp5d itself1 to f9d its due %>e 9 ! ev]-creat+ life4 ,b ! confid5ce & possession ( ! ,self has be5 de/roy$2 ! ego is left alone ) its dread1 ) ! di/ru/ ( desires n und]/ood & in/9cts ?ru/ back )94 ,& d y n see ! result ( ?is conflict to ! s5sitive s\l ( ! adolesc5t8 ,! t]rible evil ( di%>monies fir/ />t$ dur+ ^! pregnant & inceptive ye>s t %\ld be ! infancy ( ! high] p[]s ( womanhood8 ,robb$ ( a j confid5ce & pride 9 h] sex1 h] own /ifl$ in/9cts become to a girl hateful & z some?+ ( :i* %e %\ld be a%am$2 %e beg9s to *afe aga9/ h] womanhood & spurn x1 bemoan+ ! limitations ( h] sex4 ,%e lapses into boy's ways1 me?ods ( "w & ideals2 %e comes to live gaily en\gh & to laugh c>elessly1 n kn[+ :at %e has lo/2 to c>e no?+ to be h]self--cont5t to *oke ! vision 9 h] own life4 ,s x has be5 ) y1 ) me1 ) all ( u4 ,are we cont5t t ?is blight+ %all be suff]$ by our daught]s8 ,! evil is happ5+ = want ( a g5]\s guidance f u :o h gone be=e4 ,i write ( :at ,i "k4 ,great & un5d+ is ! mis]y t we make possible by our folly1 sickness ( body & s\l1 s t ! repress$ nature rots away & d\bt eats into natural fai?4 ,nature is violat$ at e /ep1 & aft] we h educat$ h]1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 ! girl em]ges a m]e residuum ( dec5t m9or dispositions4 ,!re is ne$ to *ange4 ,mu* t is said or done1 bo? consci\sly & unconsci\sly1 by ! adult w torture ! adolesc5t's s5sitiv5ess mu* m ?an is conceivable to any "o :o has no insight to ! curi\s psy*ology ( girls 9 ^! difficult ye>s4 ,!re is z a rule at ?is p]iod ( life a pa9ful dualisation ( ! s\l2 ?us1 :ile seek+ to "k ab\t sex1 _m girls w turn viol5tly f ! tru?1 s t any guidance we may give n[ w be v likely to ar\se ang] & disgu/4 ,& ,i "k ( no safegu>d except a full k ( ! physical facts ( sex--( begett+ & ( bir?1 t has be5 ga9$ e>li] 9 ! play p]iod ( *ildhood1 9 ye>s :5 su* k c be assimilat$ unconsci\sly & its deep significance causes no response ( p]sonal di/urbance4 ,we h to rememb] t ^! are ! ye>s ( romance & idealism1 :5 ! always /rong t5d5cy among girls to sublimate & spiritualise love is at its highe/4 ,sex k c\ld n possibly be giv5 at a worse "t ?an n[1 :5 ! "y s\l is pass+ ?r\gh its difficult bir? & ! consci\s self see!s & teems ) emotional f]m5t4 ,if at ?is p]iod ! physical side ( love is br\ght = ! fir/ "t into notice !re w be a )drawal ( ! girl's ev]-s5sitive confid5ce1 & worse1 an ebb ( ! n]ves1 caus$ by di/ru/ lib]at+ ! demon ( fe>2 an almo/ c]ta9 reaction ( incr$ulity & disillusionm5t w foll[1 ) aft] results t may prove to be deep & f>-rea*+ 9 _! dang] to heal?y life4 ,we f9d !n1 contr>y to ! usual op9ion1 t an e>ly & full in/ruction 9 ! physical facts ( sex is m necess>y = girls ev5 ?an x is = boys4 ,! dang]s ( ignorance1 or ( sudd5 & too late k1 are great]4 ,= any prim>y reaction ( av]sion1 :i* is r>ely abs5t1 w 9 _m cases /r5g!n into disgu/ & a curi\s horror t is p>tly fe> & p>tly /r5g!n$ desire4 ,= at ! same "t !re w v likely be a /rong attractive elem5t 9 ! =m ( int5sely excit$ curiosity1 :i* may be active & exp]im5t+1 b m (t5 & ) ev5 great] dang] is kept hidd51 b yet spies & clut*es = new evid5ce4 ,su* unheal?y curiosity1 rema9+ = long unsatisfi$ or insuffici5tly satisfi$1 almo/ necess>ily sets up morbid reactions1 caus+ _m sexual evils4 ,y may say1 ( c\rse1 t ,i am mi/ak52 t ^! ?+s d n happ5--at lea/1 n 9 ! case ( y\r daught] or ( any nice girls4 ,i c answ] only1 t x is y--! "m or ! tea*]--:o1 ,i fe>1 are wrong1 liv+ 9 ! p>adise ( ! fool4 ,i am n exagg]at+ at all4 ,i h tri$ to %[ h[ s]i\s is ! %ock & h[ sev]e ! disillusionm5t t may foll[ to ! adolesc5t on a too sudd5 meet+ ) ! physical facts ( sex4 ,x is "t = u to cease pret5d+4 ,we mu/ realise t ! mutilat+ or slay+ ( sex is foll[$ always by disa/]4 ,in/9cts :i* h be5 prev5t$ f _! natural expression mu/ t5d to escape & f9d expression 9 abnormal =ms t may1 & (t5 d1 give rise to great] deva/ation4 ,we h to face ^! ?+s3 !re is no use 9 turn+ f !m because !y are horrid & 9 fe> ( giv+ (f5ce4 ,let me take b "o fact4 ,ma/urbation is ( v frequ5t occurr5ce among girls & among wom51 & ?is =m ( erotic indulg5ce acts directly 9 l[]+ sexual s5sibility1 & n only limits ! desire = love1 b prev5ts a "r physical response s t satisfaction may be ga9$ f ! normal sexual act4 ,is x n "t t we wom5 began to be frank8 ,we h pret5d$ to ourselves1 & argu$ away f ^! que/ions f> too long4 ,love cries out aga9/ our d5ials4 ,extreme passion may "w ill1 b ! opposite extreme ( ! sacrifice ( heal?y natural in/9cts is z great an evil4 ,i am driv5 back always to ?is3 ! imm5se dang] ( repression4 ,= our h9drances lead inevitably to repressions1 always dang]\s2 & ^! t5d to set up deep indwell+ di%>monies1 & !n ! way is op5$ up to manifold evils t may be trac$ into _m by-pa?s ( ! aft] sexual life4 ,& ?\gh ,i "k !re are _m among my read]s impati5tly exclaim+ t ,i am con/antly dragg+ sex into ev]y?+1 ,i ass]t t ,i d n drag x 93 x is !re4 ,& = ?is reason alone x is c]ta9 t to =mulate a sy/em ( education :i* ignores sex mu/ lead to disa/]4 ,i w\ld call att5tion aga9 to ! fact not$ 9 ! previ\s *apt] t ! sex impulse is nev] abs5t 9 any *ild1 h[ev] "y4 ,! trans=mation ( pub]ty is really a co-ord9ation ( ! individual sex-life t already exi/s4 ,) ! developm5t ( ! bodily /ructure & ! m>k$ *anges 9 ! sexual organs1 !re takes place a psy*ic gr[? :i* causes a p]fectly natural seek+ out ( ! "y s\l = exp]i5ce & love4 ,!re is e possibility ( morbid di/urbance %\ld ?is new ord] ( developm5t be h9d]$ & n take place4 ,& if ?is beautiful natural trans=mation is to succe$ !re mu/ be no =c+ back ( ! nature ^u itself4 ,! p]iod ( adolesc5ce %\ld cr[n & complete e organ & e faculty4 ,no ov]-emphasis c be laid on ! fateful issues t may foll[ to ea* girl f any mi/akes 9 tra9+ at ?is p]iod ( adult bir?1 :5 ! nature mu/ f9d its new expression 9 ! "r direction ( heal? or 9 ! wrong direction ( ! abnormal4 ,we are deceiv$ s (t5 by ! outside appe>ance ( ?+s4 ,! pa9ful exp]i5ces ( y\? may disappe> f ! consci\s memory1 b !y d n !reby cease to act z an influ5ce direct+ ! aft] life4 ,e "m & e tea*] ought to und]/& ?is4 ,any hurt n[ done by our folly c nev] be undone4 ,no exp]i5ce is entirely lo/4 ,:at seems to h vani%$ f ! consci\sness has really pass$ into a sub-consci\sness1 :]e x lives on 9 an organis$ =m z real z if x 7 /ill "p ( ! consci\s p]sonality2 & al?\gh any exp]i5ce may lie dormant1 unkn[n to ! consci\s self1 x may1 & almo/ c]ta9ly w at "s "t1 cause emotional reactions t cont9ue )\t a kn[n reason to excite & direct ! outw>d ord9>y life4 ,our easy1 complac5t & deva/at+ folly 9 ignor+ ! special physical nature ( girls1 & ! elaborate +5uity ) :i* ! facts ( life are hidd5 f !m or gloss$ ov] by unheal?y s5tim5t1 is ! true cause ( ! physical & spiritual etiolation ( womanhood4 ,!re is1 ,i allege1 murd] to ! girl's p[] to be h]self--to fulfil h] woman's de/9y--9 our evasions1 our deadly sil5ces1 & %am pres5tation ( life1 condition$ 9 all cases by !ory & nev] by ! act ( liv+4 ,x is because ,i believe ?is t ,i am writ+ ) all ! p[] t ,i h aga9/ our s*ools :i* %[ ! mo/ co>se lack ( und]/&+ ( ! nature ( ! girl4 ,i want new s*ools fitt$ to ! ne$s ( girls4 ,! aim ( education %\ld be a g5]al cohesion 9 all ! diff]5t elem5ts ( ! p]sonality4 ,& if ! me?od is "r1 x w prove a way to great] happ9ess & fulness ( gr[?4 ,no long] w sex be held z a h9drance to life4 ,i believe t almo/ ev]y?+ 9 ! future dep5ds ^u ?is4 ,life w\ld be lib]at$4 ,an in/9ct t cont9ually is h9d]$ & d5i$ _c easily develop = heal?2 & (t51 ow+ to ^! h9drances1 ! sexual life is /unt$2 !n lat] ! "r & simple impulse to ! p]=mance ( ! sex act & its f9al consummation & enjoym5t may be int]f]$ ) = ev] & ev5 prev5t$4 ,w y ?9k :at ?is means4 ,9 pla9 words1 we are1 by our false ideals & ! wrong attitude t[>ds ! sexual life :i* conditions our sy/em ( education = girls1 do+ all t we c to prev5t !m f be+ wom54 ,i am n exagg]at+2 ,i am try+ to make y see :at x is t is wrong ) life4 ,e "o :o refuses to bl9k facts kn[s t ! va/ majority ( m>riages are unhappy ow+ to ! coldness ( ! wife4 ,x is c]ta9 t sexual an/hesia to-day is pres5t 9 _m wom51 & !re w\ld seem1 inde$1 to be an increas+ dim9ution ( ! /r5g? ( ! sexual impulse4 ,any numb] ( wom5 are unable to give !mselves up to ! sex act 9 su* a way z to d]ive f x real satisfaction & ! gladness & heal? t x %\ld give4 ,?is is a v grave matt]4 ,! evil w\ld be less if ^! frigid wom5 did n m>ry1 b z a rule !y d m>ry4 ,x is a curi\s fact t wom5 :o sexually are cold are s\ght z wives ) great] frequ5cy ?an are m passionate wom51 probably because _! easily ma9ta9$ res]ve acts z a /imulus to ! man4 ,m5 are p]si/5tly bl9d 9 ^! matt]s4 ,!y want response to _! own desire 9 _! wives1 b mo/ ( !m are v mu* afraid ( any woman :o possesses ! /rong passion to enable !m to give su* response4 ,! woman ga9s h] fulfilm5t f ! man :5 he gives h] 8 *ild1 b :5 %e turns f him %e leaves him unsatisfi$4#ajd ,! drama & ! novel are burd5$ ) ?is problem1 :i*1 inde$1 intrudes itself on e h&4 ,we are1 by our wrong ideals1 induc+ an entirely p]v]t$ view1 :i* reg>ds physical desire z some?+ ( :i* wom5 %\ld be a%am$1 & ! sex act z a ?+ 9 itself degrad+ & ev5 disgu/+--! na/y side ( love2 some?+ to be submitt$ to1 inde$1 9 ord] to be> *ildr51 or = ! sake ( ! lov$ man1 ^: passions mu/ be all[$1 b n = ! heal? & desire1 ! delight & p]fectm5t ( ! woman h]self4 ,?is false view1 ,i affirm aga91 is ! blight t has be51 & /ill is1 ! de/roy] ( woman1 & ?r\gh h]1 equally ! de/roy] ( man4 ,& ?is fe> & d5ial ( love1 ?is sep>ation betwe5 ! sexes1 is ! s]i\s side ( ! problem ( m>riage4 ,= ! hide\s disguises & con/ant ly+ (t5 made necess>y to ! husb&1 ow+ to ! wife's entire failure to realise ! physical necessities ( love1 makes dome/ic life an organis$ hypocrisy4 ,we fight1 & fight to be free1 yet ev] anew ! antagonism lays fre% hold1 x crops up 9 _m & curi\s ways1 impos+ its poison & de/roy+ love--! deep1 deep-hidd5 rage ( unsatisfi$ m5 aga9/ wom54 ,! ne$ = love w n (t5 all[ itself to be inhibit$ )\t claim+ paym5t4 ,& if desire s frequ5tly manife/s itself 9 abnormal =ms ( ! co>se/ & commone/ dissipation1 ?is is almo/ always to be expla9$ by "s h9drance oppos$ to its normal expression4 ,:5 wom5 face facts & realise ?is tru?1 _m ?+s 9 m5's conduct w be cle> t hi!rto h be5 hidd5 f !m4 ,aga9 x may be ?\ght t ,i am exagg]at+2 & !re are1 ,i "k1 o!r aspects ( ?is "q :i* j n[ ,i am neglect+4 ,b ! unreal & abysmal misconception into :i* "o sex has fall5 ) reg>d to ! o!r--?is horrible1 grasp+1 backwa% ( %ame--is1 9 l>ge measure1 ! result ( our pret5ce & ! way 9 :i* wom5 h be5 kept liv+ ) bl9ds drawn d[n ^u mo/ ( ! unruly turbul5ce & elem5tal =ces ( life4 ,x may also be held mi/ak5ly t 9 :at ,i h said ,i am writ+ aga9/ wom52 t ,i am rais+ a belat$ cry = mascul9e pr]ogatives & /&>ds ( sexual conduct4 ,b t is n s4 ,i am1 x is und5iable1 writ+ aga9/ ! attitude ( ! mod]n woman t[>ds m>riage1 h] coldness ( response to passion & h] suppression ( ! realities ( sex2 an attitude ,i deplore & hold to be de/ructive alike to ! happ9ess ( wom5 & m5 & to ! heal? ( ! race1 z also to any practical moral life4 ,b su* coldness & atrophy ( in/9ct1 ,i believe1 has be5 impos$ ^u wom5 by wrong education1 ! conditions ( ignorance "u :i* !y m>ry & become mo!rs1 & all ! h9drances set ar\nd !m1 prev5t+ !m liv+ out _! lives f a sexual po9t ( view4 ,x is example & ! ideal set be=e u :i* produces ! =mation ( op9ion & ( "*1 & few mo!rs rememb] ! inn] discord :i* exi/s betwe5 :at !y tea* _! daught]s ab\t love & :at !y act !mselves 9 ! daily life4 ,& if ! home is wrong1 ! s*ool is1 ,i ?9k1 mu* worse4 ,9 old5 times1 & /ill among primitive peoples--^: unconsid]$ actions are 9 _m directions s mu* wis] ?an is our k--girls 7 e>ly giv5 by matrons all ! ga!r$ wisdom ( _! sex p]ta9+ to wifehood & mo!rhood2 j ! k t we make x h>d = !m to ga94 ,c\ld folly be great] ?an ?is8 ,) ! decay ( ! specific traditions ( ! ideal ( womanhood ! idea ( a g5]al culture1 nei!r male nor female1 has t5d$ to prevail4 ,we t\* "h ! deep roots ( ! evil4 ,& :at ,i wi% to make pla9 is ! inevitable failure ( an educational sy/em :i* makes no k9d ( arrangem5t = ! special c>e & tra9+ ( girls dur+ ! mo/ critical ye>s ( _! gr[?4 ,!re is1 ,i allege1 9 all our educational e/abli%m5ts a /range & mo/ culpable lack ( und]/&+ ( ! nature ( ! girl & h] functions z a woman4 ,!y model bra9s )\t prop] consid]ation ( bodies1 & ) frightful conv5tion repress f ! seek+ "y ! realities ( love1 & treat z secret1 almo/ z some?+ to be ignor$1 ! functions connect$ ) a girl's sexual life4 ,! mi/ake "h is s f>-rea*+ t ,i f9d x difficult to write calmly4 ,= aga9 ,i mu/ ass]t t :at we are do+ is really to tea* our girls a %ameful d5ial ( _! womanhood4 ,i wi% t ! p[] ( my p5 0 /rong]1 s t ,i might br+ a /++ consci\sness ( all ! t]rible mis*ief t is be+ done to ! k ( e "m & e tea*]4 ,h[ _m ( u h ourselves suff]$8 ,b our memories are /rangely %ort4 ,we =get1 9 our complac5ce & lazy1 vic>i\s optimism1 ! d>k places t imprison$ our "y gr[+ s\ls1 haunts ( gloom & despair t 7 nev] lit by a ray ( sympa!tic enlight5m5t f our sadd] & wis]1 b s =getful1 eld]s4 ,we =get ! griev\s w\nds to our self-respect4 ,we =get ! duality ( s\l2 ^? oscillations betwe5 fe> & disgu/ & curiosity & desire1 )1 p]haps1 furtive trembl+ concessions to a p[] we did n und]/&1 to be foll[$ by morbid reactions ( loa?+1 bo? ( ! my/]i\s impulse & ( ourselves1 t survive 9 ^? deadly di%>monies t are beg9n+ to engage ! att5tion ( mod]n psy*ologi/s1 & act to-day 9 our adult consci\sness to w> ) ! sum ( unity :i* is happ9ess4 ,yes1 we all h =gott54 ,yet none ! less has ?is %ameful e>ly /ruggle left u fett]$ & seek+1 & we h no w9d[ to in=m u we are 9 prison4 ,x has w>p$ our natures1 till1 :5 9 aft] ye>s we look at ,love1 we behold1 n ! %9+ imp]sonation ( ! ,life-=ce1 b see+ d\ble1 view a mon/r\s ,siamese tw9 ( two figures1 ,lu/ & ,s5tim5tality1 a satyr b\nd to a wan angel by a navel-cord ( procreative necessity4 ,& (t5 !re is no re/1 no cessation f a conflict t has left u helpless1 s t = u love is m\ld$ r\nd a core ( diseas$ desires4 ,x makes u exam9e our he>ts4 ,is x to be s = ev]8 ,we =get t p]haps f\r-fif?s ( ! mis]y t foll[s 9 ! tra9 ( sex-fulfilm5t is due to ?is m5tal & moral 8diphobia0 acquir$ 9 ! days ( adolesc5ce 9 ! unassi/$ /ruggle ) ! awak5+ & entirely misund]/ood sex-impulse4 ,we may =get1 b few & happy are !y :o escape ! effects ( t enc\nt]4 ,accord+ to our temp]am5ts x has made u s$ul\s puritans & unconsci\s hypocrites1 passionless neut]s1 or c>eless cynics & voluptu>ies4 ,& we are all ( u to "s ext5t m>k$ & dirti$ = ev]4 ,deep & ineffaceable 9 u are ! records ( our disa/r\s e>ly grapple ) a great organic impulse :i* no "o taught u to und]/&4 ,i am /rongly ( op9ion t ! t5d5cy1 s preval5t among wom51 to reg>d love z a tw(old ?+1 "o "p ( :i* is physical & evil & ! o!r "p spiritual & good1 is almo/ diagno/ic 9 an individual ( a di%>mony aris+ f an anci5t reaction aga9/ sex1 caus$ by "s h9d]+ influ5ce or %ock1 enc\nt]$ at ! op5+ ( ! consci\s sexual life4 ,! trem5d\s =ce t awak5s 9 s\l & body 9 ^! e>ly ye>s1 & t ) wise control & compreh5sion might be t5d$ till 9 due c\rse x fl[]s into ,love1 is e>ly %orn ( its spl5d\r4 ,its :isp]$ intimations ( wondr\s ?+s to come fall on deaf e>s4 ,taught to reg>d x z a malignant enemy t may de/roy1 in/ead ( ! mo/ sacr$ & wond]ful ag5cy 9 human life1 we ent] into a hopeless /ruggle to elim9ate ! mo/ basal "p ( our nature1 or fawn be=e x 9 furtive & %ameful surr5d]4 ,s mo/ ( u1 embitt]$ by ! degradation ( ?is /ruggle1 :e!r x be won or lo/1 gr[ up to view ) di/ru/ :at we absurdly call ! 8physical side ( love40 ,we1 & especially wom51 accept x resign$ly z an unavoidable bas5ess 9 ! gra9 ( ,love4 ,we =get t ! bas5ess is 9 u & n 9 ,love4 ,love has no physical side1 or m5tal side1 or spiritual side4 ,x is a unity ^u :i* we lay sacrilegi\s h&s :5 we make an artificial sep>ation into physical & spiritual4 ,we d ?is because ( our own impurity1 & because ( ! hurts we h suff]$4 ,we c no long] look at ,love )\t furtively scann+ 8 g>m5ts = ! /a9s ( ,lu/4 ,we h creat$ ,lu/4 ,lu/ is a morbid by-product 9 ! evolution ( ,love4 ,x is ?is t we h suff]$4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,a ,,cont9uation ,,( ,,! ,,la/ ,,*apt]1 ,,) ,,an ,,attempt ,,to ,,sugge/ ,a ,,rem$y ,an attempt to f9d ! rem$y--,:at is ! real root ( ! evil--,! "y woman ( ! new g5]ation--,! ye>s s9ce ! w> began--,an exam9ation ( pres5t conditions--,:at is likely to happ5 :5 peace comes--,! indep5d5t woman--,! ,commission]'s ,report ( ! ,national ,bir?-,rate ,inve/igation1 #aiaf--,! failure 9 our lives--,:]e is ! real root ( ! evil--,! :ole educational sy/em ( girls 9 our homes & 9 our s*ools is wrong--,! importance ( m5/ruation--,influ5ce ( conv5tionality--,wrong ideals set be=e girls--,! de/ruction work+ 9 our mid/--,fe> ( sex directs our educational sy/em--,! rem$y to beg9 9 our s*ools--,we mu/ educate girls to be wom5--,m5/ruation & ! girl's special sexual life mu/ be emphasis$ & n z n[ ignor$--,adolesc5t s*ools--,! sexual life ( ! adolesc5t girl--,! difficulties t mu/ be fac$--,opposition on ! "p ( wom5--,mo!rhood to be sav$--,reg5]ation ( ! girl's in/9cts ?r\gh consci\sness--,! hope ) :i* we may look to ! future--,mo!rhood w triumph4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,a ,,cont9uation ,,( ,,! ,,la/ ,,*apt]1 ,,) ,,an ,,attempt ,,to ,,sugge/ ,a ,,rem$y 8,) fe> & trembl+ take c>e ( ! he>t ( ! p2 t is ! root ( ! matt] 9 education--t is ! highe/ 9 education40--,k',,ung ,,fu ',,tzu4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 easy to write ( ^! evils1 ! difficult ?+ is to f9d ! rem$y4 ,& ! "q ,i n[ wi% to put squ>ely is ?is3 ,:]e is ! real root ( ! evil1 :at is wrong 9 our educational ideals t acc\nts = our failure to develop ! be/ & happie/ type ( wom58 ,y may1 ( c\rse1 d5y ?is1 & ass]t t we d n fail1 b t w n alt] facts4 ,i say we are creat+ a race ( "w-effici5t & highly educat$1 b unsatisfi$ wom51 ^: v indep5d5ce betrays _! sorr[4 ,?is is a v s]i\s matt]4 ,x w\ld seem t our "y wom5 h n[ = ! fir/ "t realis$ _! p[] 9 outside ?+s4 ,w> has act$ quickly 9 facilitat+ _! economic emancipation4 ,b ,i f9d x h>d n to ?9k t ?is may involve a co/ :i* _! womanhood w n be> )\t injury m or less pr(\nd4 ,wom5 are be+ sold to "w 9 ! same way t =m]ly m5 7 sold4 ,& ?\gh no "o c "k ! results1 ,i am v f> f %>+ ! s5se ( satisfaction express$ by s _m to-day3 ,i fe> = ! girls ,i see 9 su* numb]s 9 e place ( "w a dead5+ ( response to life--a fur!r clog & degradation ( womanly feel+ & in/9cts4 ,& z ,i h said aga9 & aga91 my fe> is mu* deep]1 because ?is ext]nalisation ( life is no new ?+4 ,i c\ld add m1 mu* m2 b words--:at are !y 9 ! face ( facts6 ,la/ week ,i 0 9 conv]sation ) a "y & comely tram conductress4 ,%e 0 m>ri$3 ,i ask$ h] if %e _h *ildr54 ,%e answ]$ me3 8,my goodness1 ,no60 & !n add$1 8,"o doesn't want babies on ?is job40 ,"o d>es n g5]alise too l>gely1 yet = s long wom51 9 ?is indu/rially bl9d$ l&1 h be5 /ruggl+ to ga9 ! _w at ! paym5t ( los+ !mselves4 ,! "y wom5 ( ! new g5]ation are full ( di/ru/1 ! mo/ demoralis+ ( influ5ces4 ,by ?is ,i d n mean t !y di/ru/ !mselves2 !y d n4 ,:at !y d di/ru/ is in/9ct & emotion1 ) a correspond+ ov]-valuation ( intellectualism & ( m>ketable "w-p[]2 & f ?is di/ru/ !re has foll[$ necess>ily a break+ away f fix$ /&>ds1 ) a loss ( any /eady+ ideal4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is ! ess5tial tr\ble1 s5d+ !m v f> a/ray f ! facts ( life4 ,look at ! wom5 y may see 9 all classes ( society4 ,y may see !m ha/5+ to & f _! "w2 y may see !m 9 ! /reets ea* ev5+ or 9 e place ( amusem5t4 ,h[ _m be> ^u _! br[s ?is /amp ( a nature unfix$ ( purpose1 9 ! expression ( _! face z well z ! body movem5ts1 9 _! re/lessness & noisy happ9ess is ! sign ( di%>monies ar\s$1 a nature /ra9$ & fail+ 9 ! fulfilm5t ( its functions4 ,"o feels t z wom5 ^! "y girls ( ! pres5t g5]ation h lo/ some?+1 lo/ x s completely t !y "k no long] :at !y desire4 ,i %\ld1 h[ev]1 l to make x v cle> t ,i am n disp>ag+ wom51 nor d ,i fail to admire all !y h a*iev$ 9 difficult positions4 ,!re is no ne$ to re-tell ! (t-told & mu* prais$ facts ( :at !y h done 9 ^! ye>s s9ce ! w> began4 ,!re c be no %ad[ ( d\bt z to ! effici5cy & value ( ! "w ( ! ?\s&s ( wom5 at pres5t engag$ 9 _m & v>i$ bran*es ( lab\r4 ,b :at ,i fe> is ! wa/e ( ! /ruggle %\ld x cont9ue = any p]iod ( ye>s4 ,let u except ?is h>d work+ ( wom5 z a necess>y evil ( w>f>e1 dem&+ at ! same "t special protection & special provision = *ild-be>]s4 ,b d n let u fall into ! error ( reg>d+ su* conditions z 9 !mselves good & desirable1 lead+1 z ,i believe mu/ foll[1 to a fur!r oblit]ation ( sex1 ) its diff]5ces & wise sep>ation4 ,difficult z at pres5t is ! problem1 we ne$ to und]/& t we _c af=d to be wa/eful ( ! /r5g? ( wom54 ,we are be+ wa/eful4 ,! physiological life ev5 ( ! unm>ri$ woman ought to h&icap h] 9 almo/ e k9d ( "w4 ,long h\rs ( /&+1 ! lift+ ( heavy weights1 any k9d ( dra9 on ! n]v\s p[]1 _c fail to d h>m4 ,!re are days :5 e "y girl & woman :o may h to be> *ildr51 h[ev] /rong1 ought to release t5sion1 to /ep aside f "w to ma9ta9 full heal?4 ,i am fill$ ) impati5ce at our pret5ce on ?is "q ( wom5's heal?4 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 ! "w capacity ( ! woman & ! "w capacity ( ! man4 ,sex mu/ play a f> l>g] "p1 mak+ f> /rong] claims on ! /r5g? ( ! girl & ! woman ?an x ev] does 9 ! lives ( boys & m54 ,x is va9 to assume t because wom5 are will+1 & app>5tly able1 to d ! same "w n[ z m5 9 ! pa/ h done1 t1 !re=e1 x is wise to all[ !m to d x4 ,! price ( ! viol5t en]gy1 s wa/efully be+ p\r$ out1 w h to be paid4 ,c\ntless wom5 & girls are us+ up n[ ! n]v\s en]gy & /r5g? ( :i* !y are m]ely ! pilots & gu>dians2 ! heal? & calm ( _s :i* %\ld be /or$ & transmitt$ to g5]ations to come4 ,! increas$ activity & ex]tion daily dem&$ f *ild-be>]s mu/ be anti-social 9 its racial effects4 ,ei!r ^! girls1 con/antly /imulat$1 ov]-excit$1 & robb$ ( ! tranquillity !y ne$1 w be> enfeebl$ *ildr51 or1 :at is m likely1 ?r\gh ! direct premium plac$ on *ildlessness1 few] & few] *ildr5 w be born1 & f ?is !re may t5d to foll[ a fur!r dead5+ & ev5 a cru%+ out ( ! mat]nal in/9ct4 ,*ildr5 w n be want$4 ,i po9t$ out 9 ! e>li] *apt]s ( my book#aje t su* a trans=mation ( impulse may take place4 ,! p>5tal in/9ct is n fix$1 & disuse is ! swifte/ way to decay4 ,?9k :at ?is mu/ mean to ! life values ( ! future4 ,i believe x is n possible to e/imate h[ f>-rea*+ may be ! results ( :at is n[ be+ done s quickly & s recklessly4 ,by our absurd d5ials & our ignorance we %all h br\ght d[n ^u u ?is evil--our puni%m5t = conceiv+ sex 9 wom5 z some?+ too t]rible to be fac$ 9 its reality4 ,let u und]/& :at x is t we %all be do+4 ,we are built up ( habits j z a h\se is built up ( bricks4 ,& :at mo!rhood is go+ to be 9 ! future dep5ds on our desires & our action to-day4 ,a s\nd nation has = its ess5tial condition heal?y *ildr5--yes1 & _m ( !m--& heal?y mo!rs to be> & to re> !m4 ,we "k ?is4 ,b :at are ! facts8 ,we f9d m & m "y wom5 turn+ away f mo!rhood4 ,!y are m>ry+ 9 l>g] numb]s j n[1 = w> has turn$ m5 into h]oes & ?is has made m>riage popul>4 ,b we may n c\nt too mu* on ?is1 = no long] does m>riage mean ! be>+ ( *ildr5 & ! f\nd+ ( a family4 ,! wife no long] is comp>able to ! fruitful v9e1 no long] are *ildr5 l olive plants ab\t ! table ( ! h\se4 ,! bless+s ( ! old sweet poem fail to /ir our desires4 ,babies are n want$4 ,! volume ( evid5ce & ! obs]vations made by ! ,commission]s' ,report ( ! ,national ,bir?-,rate ,inve/igation1 #aiaf1 :i* lies ^u my desk1 _c be read )\t a s5se ( almo/ hopeless depression4 ,a d>k picture is reveal$ ( m5 & wom5 h>ri$ & driv5 by ! sex in/9ct )9 !m2 ! relation ( ! husb& & ! wife made hateful f a p]petual fe> ( ! natural consequ5ces ( bir?4 ,! /ruggle is b too cle>ly app>5t 9 e section ( society4 ,! evid5ce discloses t ! prev5tion ( conception is gr[+ /eadily & rapidly1 = ?\gh x began ) &1 = a "t1 0 practis$ only by ! well-to-d1 x is n[ spread+ d[nw>ds to ! poore/1 among/ :om ! practice ( abortion has = long be5 ext5sively us$4 ,dr4 ,m>y ,s*>lieb1 ^: report is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all ! ,commission]s1 /ates t 9 ! work+ classes !re are five abortions to e "o live bir?4 ,:at sordid facts ?is ,report reveals6 ,:at a failure x proves our life6 ,is !re any use 9 talk+ ( rais+ ! bir?-rate until ^! ?+s are *ang$8 ,is our l& fit to receive ! *ildr58 ,has n ! *ild ! "r to dem& f its p>5ts t its bir? %all be look$ on z some?+ m ?an an un=tunate mi/ake8 ,i "k1 ( c\rse1 ! difficulties :i* face ! p>5ts1 among :i* economic difficulties are important1 aris+ f ! competitive capitali/ic sy/em by :i* all our lives are entangl$4 ,yet ,i feel t ^! consid]ations1 ?\gh !y _c be neglect$ & increase ! evil1 alone are n responsible2 t ! cause lies deep] & is dep5d5t on ! desires ( ! m9d2 t ap>t f any economic causes1 & ev5 assum+ t e *ild c\ld be bett] born & ) a happy life secur$ to x1 !re w\ld yet be mu* ( ! problem t w\ld rema9 unsolv$4 ,& :at ,i am try+ all ?is "t to make pla9 is ?is3 ,if we wi% to get rid ( ! atrophy t is increas+ly pres5t 9 ! in/9cts ( our "y wom51 & quick5 _! response to passion1 ) its desire = mo!rhood1 we mu/ fir/ get rid ( our wrong values ( :at is good 9 life & makes = endur+ happ9ess2 & to d ?is we mu/ *ange our educational me?ods1 ! tra9+ 9 ! home & 9 ! s*ool1 & conditions ( "w t are _! p>5t4 ,!re c be no help & no *ange1 at lea/ ,i _c see any1 except to alt] our ideals4 ,no?+ else ( any wide value c be done until ^! are *ang$4 ,9 ! "n ( common s5se & ( sanity let u get to ! real bottom ( ?is matt]4 ,to d any?+ at all we mu/ beg9 at ! beg9n+1 :]e ! wrong is />t$4 ,x is absurd to g on cry+ out aga9/ ! %irk+ ( mo!rhood1 :ile at ! same "t1 9 ! education ( our girls & aft]w>ds 9 ! arrangem5ts we make = _! work+ life1 we %[ a complete evasion ( ! function mo/ intimately connect$ ) mo!rhood4 ,t is :]e ! clue to ! tr\ble lies4 ,! :ole educational sy/em 9 our homes & 9 our s*ools1 z well z ! conditions 9 our work%ops & h\ses ( bus9ess1 is wrong4 ,x disc\rages mo!rhood v heavily4 ,& ! rational ?+ = u to d 9 ! matt] is n to gr[ eloqu5t ab\t a decl9+ bir?-rate1 or to blame wom5 = n desir+ to be mo!rs1 b r to make intellig5t *anges s z to m9imise to ! "y ! disc\ragem5t t by our tea*+ & our actions we h hi!rto giv5 to mo!rhood4 ,& ! fir/ /ep t[>ds ?is mu/ be1 ,i am c]ta91 to bani% f ! consci\sness ( e girl all feel+ ( %ame1 & all concealm5ts connect$ ) h] function ( m5/ruation4 ,9 o!r words1 we h to face ! facts ( a girl's sexual life4 ,?is is n go+ to be easy4 ,9 ! imm$iate pa/ our attitude ( hid+ on ^! que/ions 0 due to reasons ( prudi%ness 9 reg>d to all natural functions1 & notably m5/ruation--! rubicon 9 ! life ( e girl1 :i* fir/ br+s or1 ,i ought to say1 %\ld br+1 full realisation t life = h] is sep>ate & ne$s to take a diff]5t c\rse f ! life ( ! boy & ! man4 ,?is tru? has be5 dislik$ s mu* t 9 practice x has be5 disreg>d$4 ,! wrong is />t$ e>ly & is cont9u$ ?r\gh\t ! sexual life4 ,! real controll+ =ce 9 ! education ( ! girl is ! "m2 & mo!rhood has fail$4 ,girls1 ) an almo/ crim9al neglect1 h be5 left )\t any wise prep>ation = ! fir/ m5/ruation1 ^u ! regul> e/abli%m5t ( :i* function _! heal? 9 ! future mu/ dep5d4 ,_m girls1 be+ s]i\sly fright5$ or /irr$ to rebellion & ang]1 h done fooli% actions1 & ?r\gh neglect$ hygi5e evil is begun t nev] c be undone4 ,?is is no ov]-/atem5t4 ,! fir/ few m5/ruations h a f> great] influ5ce n only on ! body1 b also on ! bra9 & ! s\l ( a girl ?an d ^? t foll[ lat] :5 ! sexual heal? is bett] e/abli%$4 ,e "m & tea*] ought to "k & he$ ?is4 ,at be/1 & ev5 :5 in/ruct$ by _! mo!rs1 girls h be5 taught to reg>d ?is function z a tr\blesome illness t mu/ be suff]$ ) pati5ce2 su* a view1 ( c\rse1 be+ a relic ( ! suppos$ curse laid ^u ! woman's sex4 ,nor c x be said t ev5 to-day !re is any improvem5t :5 q diff]5t ideals prevail reg>d+ woman's place & h] vocation4 ,= ! new emancipation has br\ght ) x a false view t girls %\ld be educat$ 9 ! same way z boys1 & %\ld be br\ght up 9 ! pret5ce t x is "r & possible = !m to "w & play at all times l boys & to be z indep5d5t ( _! sexual life z boys c af=d to be4 ,n[1 x does n ne$ mu* imag9ation to und]/& ! h>m ( su* tea*+4 ,! m5/rual function--:i* really m>ks ! sex ( ! girl & fits h] = mo!rhood--is ignor$ z if its occurr5ce 7 ( no importance4 ,& su* an attitude ( dislike & hid+ necess>ily causes a feel+ ( %ame1 m or less deep accord+ to ! temp]am5t ( ! girl4 ,f ! v fir/ sex is pres5t$ 9 ! %ape ( some?+ to be despis$ & desp]ately f\ght aga9/1 some?+ secret & disgu/+4 ,ev5 at ?is e>ly /age di%>mony ent]s into ! "y & s5sitive s\l4 ,"s girls revolt 9 ! v dep?s ( _! be+1 :ile ! common feel+s ar\s$ are express$ by su* words z av]sion & dislike1 ang] & %ame4 ,d y n see n[ ! h>m t is done8 ,h[ sadly we are s[+ = ! future4 ,= :at c be ! result except to tea* our girls a %ameful disrespect = !mselves4 ,:at wond] is !re t _m girls are /irr$ to rebellion :i* takes ! outw>d =m ( resolutely ignor+ _! mon?ly p]iods1 & ! fact t !y are girls4 ,& ! imm$iate result is a g5]al l[]+ 9 ! /&>d ( sexual heal?4 ,i %all be told t ?is is n true4 ,b ,i am writ+ ( :at ,i "k4 ,m5/ruation is a p]fectly natural function & e girl %\ld be taught s to reg>d x4 ,b at its />t x does ex]cise a v di/urb+ effect on ! :ole sy/em & "*4 ,& ! folly t pret5ds t 9 ^! e>ly ye>s special c>e is n requir$ at ! mon?ly p]iods _c be too /rongly condemn$4 ,= ! h>m is deep] & fur!r rea*+ ?an ! physical hurt1 ?\gh c]ta9ly 9 our folly we are mak+ invalids ( ! future mo!rs ( ! race4 ,h>m 9 _m cases is done to ! aft] sex expression2 h>m :i* probably is nev] recognis$1 & ab\t :i* ! ord9>y p>5t & tea*] are d5sely ignorant & optimi/ic4 ,h[ little d we consid] ! consequ5ces ( our acts8 ,i say !re is no limit & no end to ! evil t we are p]mitt+4 ,& ! mo/ fe>ful ?+ ab\t x is t x all seems s wantonly ne$less4 ,! always difficult passage ( ! girl into ! woman is al>m+ only to ! girl :o kn[s no?+ ab\t h]self & h] sexual life4 ,j z f> z %e und]/&s does recoil & res5tm5t & %ame become ne$less4 ,rightly taught1 %e w le>n to reg>d h] special function1 n z some?+ to be hidd5 & ignor$1 b z ! sign ( ! *anges t n[ are tak+ place 9 h] body--heal?y natural *anges t w fit h] "o day = love & wifehood & mo!rhood4 ,!n1 inde$1 h] %ame & h] av]sion w be conv]t$ into pride4 ,und]/&+1 %e w h a fitt+ rev]5ce = h]self4 ,%e w n[ "k :y %e is "u c]ta9 re/rictions1 & has at ! times ( h] mon?ly p]iods to refra9 f ov]work & all /ra91 & to give up "s pleasures & excitem5ts2 %e w d ?is gladly 9 ord] t h] developm5t into womanhood may be )\t pa91 heal?y & complete4 ,i believe firmly t ?is *ange 9 our attitude to m5/ruation--a *ange t w emphasise its importance to heal? & its connection ) fit mo!rhood--a *ange t mu/ />t at ! beg9n+ ( ! girl's consci\s sexual life1 is absolutely necess>y to ! developm5t ( a high] mo!rhood4 ,at lea/1 if x does n come1 ,i c h no hope at all4 ,y _c ga!r fruit f a tree t is unheal?y at its root4 ,& y _c h glad mo!rhood :ile y />t out by despis+ ! function mo/ sacr$ly connect$ ) mo!rhood4 ,we mu/ und]/& ?is4 ,until we d und]/& x1 & !n act 9 ! practical way t w cause u to *ange our tea*+ to all "y girls1 we %all f9d wom5 9 ev]-increas+ numb]s turn+ away f mo!rhood1 & wa/+ 9 ext]nal ?+s ! realities ( love & life4 ,h[ c heal?y womanhood be possible )9 ! limits & wrong ideals ( our pres5t sy/em1 & h[ c !y fail to give rise to cont9u\s re/lessness8 ,i decl>e once m & pla9ly t we are rais+ a g5]ation ( girls--^? ) :om ! duties ( wifehood & mo!rhood %\ld reside--:o h in/9cts atrophi$ by dull /udies1 to be foll[$ by dead5+ "w4 ,i hold t ?is is a matt] ( ! grave/ conc]n1 n only = wom5 & m5 & _! individual happ9ess 9 union "o ) ! o!r1 b is also :at w decide ! future ( ?is l& & empire4 ,b few among u und]/& ! de/ruction t is work+ 9 our mid/4 ,we d n recognise ! symptoms t m>k ! di%>mony 9 ! lives ( ! great majority ( ! girls & "y wom5 ( ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,w> has b increas$ ! mis*ief4 ,indep5d5ce 9 mat]ial ?+s has giv5 triumph to t rebellion :i* our mi/ak5 tra9+ & wrong ideal _h />t$ long ago sm\ld]+ 9 ! s\ls ( our daught]s4 ,to-day y\? is 9 dem&2 ! "y girl c fill e place4 ,& y\? has ris5 fe>lessly & spl5didly to e opportunity1 b s quickly z n to h "t to consid] h[ mu* is be+ trampl$ und]foot4 ,! dang] ( spe$--! fill+ ( e mom5t ( "t1 always a mi/ake made by wom5--has be5 int5sifi$ by ! w>4 ,! w> race has provid$ ! opportunity to live riot\sly & wa/efully4 ,( c\rse1 x is we ( ! old] g5]ation--! mo!rs--:o are to blame4 ,we h left our daught]s 9 a dang]\s position2 we did n see :]e mod]n education1 ) its ef=t to oblit]ate sex1 mu/ inevitably lead4 ,education may be ei!r a mo/ helpful or a mo/ dang]\s process4 ,& :at is mo/ to be fe>$ is ! %ut-9 in/9cts t t5d to twi/ ! nature f its simple fulfilm5t4 ,!re is some?+ ess5tially h>mful 9 any failure or wrong expression ( a special function4 ,n[1 we h insi/$ ^u repressions1 & :at we believ$ to be a high moral & effici5t work+ "* = girls1 n kn[+ t :at we s mi/ak5ly 7 /ra9+ = 0 really some?+ v l an entire abs5ce ( any k9d ( womanly "*4 ,! real nature ( girls is wild1 & our fe>s h be5 v great4 ,& = ?is reason h we held t ! nak$ness ( ! adolesc5t's new-born womanhood mu/ be clo!d ) conv5tionalities & drap$ ) culture4 ,x is ?is fe> ( sex t directs our educational sy/em3 !re is too mu* drill & too mu* /ra94 ,girls' s*ools are gov]n$ too mu*1 = girls ne$1 n less1 b m lib]ty ?an boys4 ,! tea*]s are dull & n>r[ 9 _! own outlook & 9 _! exp]i5ce ( life2 !y are n tra9$ to und]/& ! ne$s ( adolesc5t girls1 only to tea* !m facts t z a rule are ( no real s]vice2 !y d n tr\ble to tra9 ! inn] & hidd5 in/9cts t really =m "*1 !y d n ev5 look = !m2 !y reck no?+ ( e>ly developm5t or late1 ( ! pres5ce ( /rong passion or its abs5ce2 !y h no k9d ( und]/&+ ( ! unceas+ action ( sex1 =c+ its expression 9 unconsci\s acts1 :i* alone give ! clue to "*2 ( all ?is 7! only k t matt]s7 ! tea*]s are pr(\ndly ignorant2 b !y measure out girl-humanity = ! conv5tional /&>d ( effici5cy l a dressmak] measures out h] mat]ial ) a y>d measure4 ,!re is no ?\ght1 at lea/ none is betray$1 t ! s*ool is a prep>ation = liv+4 ,no k9d ( tra9+ is giv5 = ! "p ! girls w h to play 9 ! life ( sex = _! own heal? & happ9ess & ! reg5]ation ( ! race4 ,! sexual life is p]si/5tly ignor$4 ,i recall read+ some:]e--,i d n rememb] ! exact connection--h[ an (ficial ( a college = girls 0 que/ion$ by a visitor z to ! advantage ga9$ by ! /ud5ts 9 _! aft] life f a univ]sity tra9+4 ,%e answ]$3 8,"o ?ird ( ! /ud5ts pr(it by x1 ano!r ?ird ga9 "s little good1 :ile ! rema9+ ?ird are failures40 8,& :at becomes ( ! failures80 0 ! "q ask$1 :ile ! answ] giv5 0 ?is3 8,oh1 !y m>ry60 ,n[1 ,i d n "k if ?is excell5t /ory c be accept$ z a fact1 b x does po9t to a contempt = m>riage & its duties--a contempt = woman's sex & = h] own "w--:i* ,i believe is pres5t 9 ! ?\ght & attitude1 ev5 if n ackn[l$g$ op5ly1 among ! majority ( educationali/s4 ,?is is a v s]i\s matt]4 ,! rem$y1 !n1 has to beg9 9 our s*ools4 ,we mu/ control education ) a f9] s5se ( its value to life4 ,& to d ?is we mu/ accept ! extreme importance ( sex1 & gu>d ^? diff]5ces :i* sep>ate ! girl f ! boy4 ,z a fir/ movem5t ( re=m1 ,i w\ld recomm5d "o to ?ree ye>s' re/ f ! usual s*ool "w = e girl1 dur+ ! p]iod :5 h] sexual life is becom+ e/abli%$4 ,?is is n1 ( c\rse1 to advocate idl5ess4 ,i am n uphold+ any =m ( invalidism = girls2 ! adolesc5t always %\ld h pl5ty ( heal?y occupation1 b t is a f> diff]5t ?+ f ! /ra9 ( ! ord9>y s*ool c\rse1 fooli%ly arrang$ = girls on ! same l9es z t = boys1 & )\t any reg>d to ! important function ( m5/ruation4 ,!re %\ld be atta*$ to e s*ool = girls a special class = adolesc5ts1 & ?is %\ld be ! mo/ important class 9 ! s*ool4 ,at ! onset ( pub]ty ! girls w\ld ent] ?is class1 9 :i* !y w\ld /ay = two ye>s or long]4 ,! sexual life w\ld n be1 z n[ x is1 ignor$2 r ! *ief "w ( ! s*ool w\ld be ! heal?y e/abli%m5t ( ! m5/rual function1 ^u :i* ! future well-be+ ( ! girl dep5ds1 & to ! int]e/s ( :i* ev]y?+ else %\ld = a "t be second>y4 ,!re mu/ be a new valuation ( education1 ) an entire *ange ( attitude1 :i* w make possible m op5ness betwe5 ! tea*] & h] pupils4 ,! difficulties "h w1 ,i "k1 be great4 ,if ! mo!rs d n "k h[ to help _! daught]s1 & usually !y d n2 if ! girls d n "k h[ to help !mselves1 & dumb & untaught !y are helpless1 ! task ( ! tea*]s _c fail to be h>d4 ,& especially w ?is be ! case :]ev] ! "m has fail$ 9 h] duty & a girl has receiv$ no k9d ( sexual tra9+ 9 ! home4 ,i "k ( :at ,i am writ+ "h1 & h[ real is ! prejudice t w h to be ov]come4 ,9 my own s*ool ,i 0 met ) ?is tr\ble aga9 & aga94 ,! girls res5t$ any m5tion ( _! m5/rual function1 & express$ (t5 real ang] & disgu/ :5 ,i requir$ !m to tell me ! dates ( _! mon?ly p]iods1 s t ,i might see !y _h extra food1 m re/1 & light] /udies4 ,! answ] t usually 0 giv5 to me 0 ?is3 8,my "m nev] want$ me to tell h]2 ,i took no notice :5 ,i 0 at home40 ,:at an unconsci\s indictm5t ( ! mo!rs6 ,(t5 x 0 aft] long & pati5t ef=t only t ,i ga9$ my way1 & br\ght my girls to speak to me naturally ab\t ?is function4 ,i _h ! v h>de/ "w to free _! ?\ghts f ! deeply implant$ feel+s ( %ame & disgu/3 9 _m cases ,i fail$ altoge!r1 & ,i _c1 inde$1 be sure t ,i ev] fully succe$$4 ,( c\rse1 my failures 7 ! result ( h>m t _h be5 done mu* e>li] 9 ! home4 ,x 0 at ?is "t ( my life1 n[ long ye>s ago1 :5 ^! consid]ations 7 =c$ ^u my att5tion by my failures ) my eld] pupils1 t ,i 0 fir/ l$ to desire special classes = girls to ent] at ! age ( pub]ty1 :]e ! life1 ! "w1 & ! aims 7 sep>ate & q diff]5t f ! ord9>y s*ool4 ,x is s mu* easi] to d ! wise ?+1 if :at y are do+ is a matt] ( c\rse1 & n some?+ y />t = y\rself4 ,i am conv9c$ ( ! value t w\ld be ga9$ = life f ! plan ,i am advocat+4 ,i w\ld beg9 ) ^! special classes1 b ,i want m ?an t to be done4 ,a mu* bett] c\rse w\ld be t sep>ate adolesc5t s*ools %\ld be provid$1 pref]ably 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e all "w z well z play c\ld be done out ( doors4 ,all girls w\ld ent] be=e ! comm5cem5t ( pub]ty1 & w\ld /ay 9 "o ( ^! special adolesc5t s*ools = two or ?ree ye>s or long]4 ,! "w w\ld be organis$ entirely to meet ! ne$s ( ! individual girl2 !re mu/ be no set c\rses ( /udy1 no hide-b\nd rules1 & above all no exam9ations to be cramm$ =4 ,9 my op9ion1 :i* 0 =m$ f my own exp]i5ce 9 my s*ool1 girls %\ld d h>dly any /eady "w = "o ye> be=e & two ye>s aft] pub]ty2 !y _c1 ,i am c]ta91 "w cont9u\sly )\t p]il4 ,m5tal ov]work or any k9d ( /ra9 de/roys ! n]v\s resi/ance & t5ds to t irritable weakness :i* makes ! ranke/ gr\nd = all sexual ill heal?1 & may "w to e/abli% evil habits 9 ways n yet op5ly recognis$4 ,! k9d ( "w done %\ld be *os5 by ! girl h]self2 !re %\ld be f> m opportunity = re/ & = play1 &1 :ile gu>d+ aga9/ opportunities = h>mful idl5ess1 any k9d ( m5tal or bodily /ra9 mu/ be avoid$4 ,h>d /udy1 if ?is is necess>y1 w come lat] at ! close ( ?is special s*ool p]iod4 ,b ,i plead = all girls dur+ ! difficult "t ( _! metamorphosis f ! girl to ! woman to leave !m mu* m l>gely ?an we d at pres5t to nature & to !mselves4 ,! adolesc5t girl (t5 is ?\ght to be lazy1 & :5 call$ ^u to "w %e %[s an exasp]at+ dulness & inatt5tion4 ,?is is a natural condition :5 ! girl is pass+ ?r\gh ! lang\r ( physical gr[?2 %e is ov]come1 n by li/lessness1 b by ! /ra9 ( h] awak5+ s5ses1 & ! inatt5tion ( ! m9d is1 z a rule1 b a symptom ( ! my/]i\s & difficult matur+ ( ! bra94 ,! app>5t apa?y is n real3 all ! girl's p[]1 all en]gy ( body & m9d is be+ consum$ by ! ov]:elm+ =ce ( ! half-consci\s life ( in/9cts t are rip5+ )94 ,! "y girl = ! fir/ "t feels1 ?\gh v r>ely does %e und]/&1 ! p[] ( h] nature /irr+ h] s\l4 ,& any seem+ backw>dness 9 /udies dur+ ^! ye>s1 z %\ld be kn[n by ! wise tea*]1 leads aft]w>ds to f9] progress1 if only ! "r opportunity ( un/ra9$ developm5t is giv54 ,b x is ?is h>mony ( gr[? t we h be5 di/urb+ z ) p]si/5t zeal we h educat$ f ! outside4 ,little wond] t we h fail$4 ,i h spok5 be=e ( ! wide diff]5ce t is pres5t betwe5 ! nature ( ! boy & t ( ! girl1 & ?\gh ,i speak ) hesitation on a "q t is too complex to p]mit dogmatic ass]tions1 ! boy has1 ,i ?9k1 a mu* m heal?y & consci\s k ( himself2 a girl und]/&s h]self less1 & has a v dim notion ( ! motives ( h] conduct4 ,?is leads to v c]ta9 dang]4 ,! ?\ghts ( mo/ girls are occupi$ ) vague & romantic long+s1 mu* height5$ by ! nons5se writt5 on love 9 ! books girls are all[$ to read1 /ories f :i* e h9t ( :olesome reality has be5 omitt$4 ,su* false feel+s1 dom9at+ ! girl's m9d at ! "t ( ! adolesc5t crisis1 "w grave evil4 ,:ile always ?9k+ ( love mo/ girls "k almo/ no?+ ( :at love really is2 & c]ta9ly ! /ra9 ( any sudd5 *ance inve/igation ( ! physical facts ( sex is a v ne> dang]4 ,t is "o reason :y1 9 a previ\s section1 ,i h urg$ s /rongly t sexual enlight5m5t be giv5 to ! girl :ile %e is /ill at ! age :5 sex has no /rong p]sonal significance4 ,! importance ( e>ly k is n suffici5tly recognis$4 ,if f *ildhood !re has be5 frankness betwe5 ! girl & h] "m1 & !y h spok5 toge!r op5ly ( sex & ! facts ( bir?1 x w c]ta9ly h happ5$ t ! *ief emphasis 9 ! "m's in/ruction w h be5 plac$ ^u ! relation betwe5 ! *ild & h]self4#ajf ,su* tea*+ may well prove a great safegu>d4 ,! p]sonal1 or 8pleasure10 elem5t 9 sex w 9 ?is way n be too soon =c$ & /amp$ on ! girl's consci\sness2 x w be1 z x %\ld1 def]r$ until ! age ( passion comes4 ,ev5 !n ! result ( ! e>li] tea*+ w be pres5t to direct ! desires4 ,love & m>riage w n be divorc$ entirely f ! ?\ght ( mo!rhood1 z s disa/r\sly happ5s ) _m girls to-day4 ,x is a "q ,i mu/ leave1 ?\gh x is "o on :i* mu* m might be said4 ,= ,i believe we h "h a fur!r explanation ( ! triumph ( ! egoi/ical sexual desires ov] ! p>5tal in/9cts ( sacrifice4 ,i am altoge!r conv9c$ ( ! deep & wide-rea*+ h>m t is done1 9 ways t h nev] yet be5 recognis$1 f ! sexual ignorance ( girls & our %ameful concealm5ts & untrue education4 ,& ,i h felt (t5 t ! brutal frankness ( boys 9 sex matt]s1 bad z c]ta9ly x sometimes is 9 its aft] co>s5+ effect1 9 _m ways is bett] 9 its results ?an ! confus$ sil5ce & s5tim5t ) :i* mo/ girls are surr\nd$2 x is1 at lea/1 9 ne>] t\* ) ! facts ( life4 ,i h _h consid]able exp]i5ce ) adolesc5t girls4 ,i am sure t _! ?\ghts are m occupi$ ) sex ?an !y "k !mselves1 or is recognis$ by ! adults :o are ) !m4 ,i am speak+ "h ( ! normal girl 9 :om ! sexual impulse takes def9ite =m dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( pub]ty4 ,x w ne$ all our wisdom & pati5ce to be able to help ! girl n[1 if we h left h] 9 ! d>kness ( h] s\l be=e4 ,%e is suff]+ ! angui% ( y\?1 rea*+ out = ! unkn[n ideal1 :i* %e _c grasp1 _c ev5 di/+ui% or conceive4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 o!r types ( girls--girls ( delicate & s5sitive temp]am5t 9 :om sexual developm5t = long may be delay$4 ,?is may be due to v>i\s causes1 b is mo/ frequ5tly a result ( excessive m5tal /ra9 f ov]-pressure or unsuitable "w at ! onset ( pub]ty1 t5d+ to de-normalise ! sex-life4 ,n[1 to "s p>5ts & tea*]s1 n und]/&+ ! results1 x may seem t ?is is an end to be desir$1 & t su* a po/ponem5t ( ! sex-life to ! ye>s :5 ! girl is old] w be a safegu>d aga9/ evils4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 is a mi/ake4 ,! sex feel+s are n abs5t b hidd51 & ! result too (t5 is a pr(\nd melan*oly & a dull heav9ess :i* may cont9ue to spoil life4 ,& :5 ! "t comes1 z come x mu/1 & ! long-repress$ feel+s =ce an expression1 ! sex-/ra9 is (t5 v great1 & tr\bles frequ5tly arise t c\ld n h happ5$ except = our int]f]5ce ) ! "r process ( nature4 ,( c\rse1 :atev] we d1 we mu/ expect (t5 to fail4 ,we are n deal+ ) any?+ t c be fix$2 & our me?ods z well z our success mu/ v>y ) ea* individual girl4 ,x is ?is p]sonal elem5t t has n be5 consid]$4 ,& ?is is :y !re is su* ne$ = a high] & diff]5t /&>d 9 our s*ools1 & ( m k & und]/&+ on ! "p ( all :o are connect$ ) ! tra9+ ( girls4 ,i "k ( no?+ t c prep>e ! girl b ! e>ly tea*+ ( ! "m1 b ,i ?9k 9 ! lat] adolesc5t ye>s x is ! wise tea*] :o c bett] c>ry on ! "w4 ,! task ( ! educator ought to be pla93 to enc\rage all girls 9 _! natural rea*+ out = exp]i5ce & k ( !mselves1 n to smo!r all t is individual 9 !m "u set lessons1 necess>y p]haps & helpful at o!r p]iods ( gr[?1 b n[ ,i am c]ta9 h>mful1 dull+ ! "* ) falsehood & ! bodies ) con/ra9ts1 & we>y+ ! m9ds ) ov]/ra9 ?r\gh long h\rs ( drudg]y into a dull acceptance4 ,! wor/ influ5ce ( ! s*ool is its isolation f life4 ,consci\sness1 n in/ruction1 %\ld be ! aim ( education4 ,yet 9 all directions our girls h be5 l$ & =c$ into foll[+ mat]ial consci\sness1 &1 at ! same "t1 !y h increas+ly lo/ consci\sness ( !mselves4 ,realisation ( "o's own be+--h[ to produce ?is by means ( education--t is ! "q4 ,:at answ] are we go+ to give8 ,su* a re/ p]iod 9 specially adapt$ s*ools z ,i am "h advocat+ w\ld s]ve n only to e/abli% ! heal? ( adolesc5t girls & fit !m = vigor\s womanhood1 x w\ld1 z ,i believe1 *ange _! ideal & remake life4 ,9 su* surr\nd+s fitt$ to _! own ne$s1 & ) a diff]5t valuation ( ! future set be=e !m1 !y w\ld h a tru] s5se ( self-consci\sness2 !y w\ld come to und]/& 9 q a new way ! responsibilities & high glory ( be+ wom54 ,! difficulties1 ( c\rse1 are num]\s4 ,&1 fir/ ( all1 x w n be easy to f9d ! "r tea*]s = ^! adolesc5t s*ools4 ,!y w ne$ to be specially tra9$2 b tra9+ alone w n s]ve4 ,! tea*]s mu/ h _h a mu* wid] exp]i5ce ( life ?an is usual to wom52 !y ought to h g5ius & a passionate love ( *ildr53 !y ne$ to be mo!rs 9 _s4 ,necess>ily1 ! exp5se ( su* tea*]s & ( ^! special s*ools1 :i* %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 great numb]s & ) no ?\ght ( sp>+ ! co/1 w be heavy4 ,x w be ?\ght1 ,i "k1 by _m t ?is fact alone makes ! plan impracticable4 ,i c answ] only1 t any exp5diture t w produce fit & glad mo!rs = ! future is an exp5se t w be met by a wise nation4 ,i w\ld urge t ?is "q be approa*$ f a practical attitude4 ,on all sides conc]n is be+ felt at ! decl9e 9 ! bir?-rate1 :i* has fall5 "o-?ird 9 ! la/ ?irty-five ye>s4 ,! ,royal ,commission t ,i h ref]r$ to already has made its inve/igation & issu$ its report4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 on ! problem1 & _m guesses made z to ! vaguely und]/ood causes4 ,! economi/s f9d all ! evil 9 economic conditions2 ! religi\s say t x is our morality t is at fault4 ,_m are ! rem$ies sugge/$1 a few ( :i* are practical & good4 ,& s urg5t is ! matt] felt to be1 n[ t w> ) its de/ruction ( life is tea*+ u a little m ! value ( life1 t *anges1 long call$ =1 b hi!rto seem+ly unatta9able1 %ortly may be made 9 our divorce & m>riage laws4 ,! %>p & cruel l9e drawn betwe5 ! m>ri$ & ! unm>ri$ "m w at la/ wav] & break on its rott5 supports4 ,already ! sav+ ( *ild life has become a matt] ( su* urg5t ne$ t mu* necess>y re=m is be+ accompli%$4 ,!re is little d\bt t ^! valuable movem5ts w g on4 ,yet1 ,i ?9k1 we are fail+ to attack ! real cause1 & unless we d attack x !re1 "r at ! beg9n+1 we %all g on z we usually d1 exp]im5t+ 9 ?is way & 9 t1 do+ "o ?+ & leav+ ano!r undone1 & we %all only t9k] & fuss & !n wond] :y we fail4 ,bl9d & fools6 we fail1 & %all g on fail+1 because we d n educate our girls & act 9 life 9 su* a way z w enc\rage mo!rhood4 ,i h put out my idea3 ,i h tri$ to be z explicit z possible 9 sugge/+ ! rem$y4 ,i am consci\s n[ ( opposition t w be rais$4 ,i %all be told t my plan1 :i* seems s simple1 ( educat+ girls to be wom5 is n practicable4 ,& !n ,i %all be rem9d$ ( ! imm5se surplus ( wom5 9 ?is c\ntry :o are unable to m>ry & live a full & heal?y life--a surplus l>ge be=e ! w>1 enorm\sly great] n[4#ajg ,let me /ate at once t ,i am v f> inde$ f =gett+ ?is great ho/ ( en=c$ celibate wom54 ,i h spok5 m ?an once 9 my book ab\t !m1 & ,i am n n[ conc]n$ ) _! position4 ,:at ,i want is to save ! future4 ,_m girls & wom5 to-day are f9d+ _! "w & ! fre% excitem5ts ( indep5d5ce suffici5t to gladd5 life4 ,!y d n claim pity2 yet ?is satisfaction t wom5 are feel+ is ! dang] t ?reat5s ! future4 ,x is j because ^! wom51 ^: desires w be fix$ on "w & away f mo!rhood1 mu/ be "h among u1 9 e place1 especially 9 our s*ools & 9 our factories--ev]y:]e 9 contact ) y\?--t ,i am plead+ ) all ! p[] t ,i h = a q *ang$ tra9+ = ! "y girls ( ! com+ g5]ation ( wom54 ,i fe> greatly ! influ5ce t ,i believe mu/ gr[ up if indu/rial values ( :at is good 9 life are un*eck$1 & ! desire ( wom5 is turn$ m f mo!rhood & ! life t matt]s to ! outside details ( exi/5ce4 ,life mu/ be re-%ap$1 & ! fir/ /ep is ! p]ception ( an idea4 ,we want belief1 = life mu/ h a /ructure--! scaffold+ on :i* we may build4 ,& ea* individual woman among u may n be tru/$ to make h] own /ructure--to convey & c>ry :atev] x may be t %e desires4 ,su* selfi%ness makes any p]man5t build+ impossible4 ,t is :y 9 ?is g5]ation we h lo/ our ideal4 ,! previ\s age fix$ its att5tion on ! re=m ( inju/ice 9 ! outw>d relations ( m5 & wom51 on ! regulation ( capital & lab\r1 on ! equality ( ! sexes & ! improvem5t ( ! conditions ( life--ef=ts :i* culm9at$ naturally 9 socialism4 ,my "w is "o deal+ ess5tially ) an attitude t[>ds life4 ,i w\ld prote/ aga9/ ! want ( respect = ! ultimate emotional aspects ( life1 ! love ( man = woman & ( woman = h] *ild--a want ( respect :i* makes x impossible to tell a "y girl op5ly ! reason :y %e mu/ n ov]-ex]t h]self at ! "t ( h] mon?ly p]iods4 ,i confess to little pati5ce ) ?is ef=t to escape sex4 ,ev]y?+ connect$ ) bir? & mat]nity has to be hidd5 & m5tion$ only 9 :isp]s4 ,we h =c$ ! att5tion ( girls away f mo!rhood1 fix+ _! desires on "w & indep5d5ce4 ,ob$i5t & inexp]i5c$1 !y h foll[$ our guid+4 ,we h taught !m to reg>d ! physical attraction :i* !y ought to feel t[>ds m5 z n nice1 !reby associat+ 9 _! "y m9ds all sexual feel+s )\t di/9ction z n nice4 ,we h left !m ignorant t sex feel+s may be good or bad accord+ to _! associations4 ,h>mful emotional repression has be5 inevitable1 ) a result 9 ! aft] ye>s ( di/a/e = mo!rhood & passionate m>riage4 ,we h made love unclean & sep>at$ x f _! lives4 ,&1 :]e love is n1 all else is b>r54 ,i mu/ speak /rongly1 = v great is ! evil we are c\nt5anc+4 ,! attitude ( woman h]self is ! deep secret ( ?is "q2 & by attitude ,i mean some?+ m ?an ! desire ( ! individual girl or woman1 ,i mean ! collective _s 9 :i* life is approa*$4 ,t is :]e we h be5 want+4 ,we1 ! mo!rs & tea*]s ( ?is la/ g5]ation ( wom51 h fail$ to grasp life & all t x means4 ,:at we h mo/ dread$ 9 education is sex4 ,we c control ?is attitude only 9 our s*ools4 ,emancipation c come ?r\gh a rega9+ ( consci\sness4 ,get ?is "r--let our girls feel t _! education because !y are wom5 is ! mo/ important "w ( ! nation1 m1 n less important1 ?an is ! education ( _! bro!rs1 & ! re/ w foll[4 ,we h by our :ole attitude %[n ! mo/ co>se lack ( und]/&+ ( ! ne$s ( girls4 ,in/ruction has be5 ! sole ef=t ( our s*ools4 ,?is has hamp]$ ! p]fection ( life4 ,our daught]s h b accept$ & ab&on$ _! bodies & _! s\ls to ! roll]s ( t cru%+ ma*9e we h call$ education4 ,all ( u are responsible1 = our ?\ghts & our desires affect ! univ]se & our neighb\rs4 ,nei!r c any rep5tance t may come late1 nor any wail+s ( dismay1 /op ! consequ5ces ( our s9n+ follies4 ,i _c lay too mu* /ress on ?is s5se ( wom5's desire1 = x is ?is t w direct action 9 ! future4 ,if we _c h a fundam5tal *ange ( desire1 a fre% view ( :at is a sane1 complete & pr(itable life2 if we _c cease f our fe>s ( sex2 if we _c alt] ! ideals we place be=e girls & "w a revolution 9 ! practice ( our education1 we %all d no good4 ,!re w be endless talk ( advancem5t--( high] mo!rhood1 ( economic emancipation & fre$om 9 m>riage2 !re w also be cont9u$ t9k]+ legislation1 ) _m timid exp]im5ts 9 "m-tra9+ & *ild-re>+1 & und]nea? ! _s ( mo!rhood w be dy+1 dy+ all ! "t4 ,b ! unbeliev] w cry out3 ,all ?is is utt]ly impossible2 ?is is ! old clog & degradation = wom51 limit+ h] to ! s+le function ( h] sex4 ,my answ] is ?is4 ,ev5 s x 0 f ! beg9n+ ( "t4 ,nature has s plann$ x1 fix+ ! mat]nal in/9ct deep 9 ! "m1 & claim+ f h] ! paym5t t mu/ be giv54 ,woman c only b[ be=e ! ,?rone ( ,life4 ,%e is entru/$ ) life's supreme mission1 t ( transmitt+ ! sacr$ tor* ( life to future g5]ations4 ,%e belongs n to h]self b to po/]ity4 ,%e mu/ n squ&] h] gift4 ,%e mu/ /ore h] en]gy t %e may give life to h] *ild4 ,woman1 all-conta9+1 univ]sal--h[ %\ld %e be limit$ to h]self8 ,?is is my deepe/ belief4 ,woman is ! giv]1 ! int]pret]4 ,fre$om = h] nev] c be id5tifi$ ) self-ass]tion4 ,great elem5t>y tru?s to-day h acquir$ an int5sifi$ significance4 ,oppression /ret*es l a rod ov] ! e>?1 ! _w is pl\gh$ ) swords & reap$ 9 blood4 ,! e*oes ( slaught] rea* f l& to l&4 ,! cataclysm1 ) its imm5se appeal to t]ror & love & hate & pity1 has act$ to /ir u pr(\ndly & quick5 our response to ! emotional aspects ( life4 ,old prejudices are root$ up2 in/itutions are 9 ! melt+-pot4 ,a p habitually resi/ant to emotion1 we h be5 awak5$ to reality4 ,i _c d\bt t we %all pr(it4 ,we 7 occupi$ 9 intellectual pleasures & en]gies1 b n[ our s\ls h be5 h>r[$4 ,?is is ! great opportunity if we h ! w to use x4 ,fe> has be5 9 u ! folly irr$eemable1 plant$ l se$s ( ! wild we$s among our :eat4 ,ev5 9 our *ildhood d\bt has slept ) u 9 our cradles1 z v]ily we h be5 conceiv$ 9 s91 be+ born )\t passionate joy4 ,& ?is di%>mony has foll[$ u up & d[n 9 ! home2 d\bt 0 our s*oolfell[1 ev] foll[+ our /eps 9 our "w & 9 our play1 until fe> has become our p]petual companion4 ,i see ! pa/1 ! pres5t & ! future exi/+ all at once be=e me1 & ,i "k t z soon z fe> is conqu]$ r$emption is ready4 ,!n no long] w ! bless+s ( ! ,psalmi/ be *ang$ by our fai?less folly into curs+1 b aga9 ! wife %all be z a fruitful v9e by ! sides ( ! h\se & ! *ildr5 l olive plants ar\nd ! table4 ,behold1 ?us %all ! woman & ! man be bless$ toge!r1 & !y %all see good all ! days ( _! life4 ,b ?is reg5]ation w come only ?r\gh ! creation ( our wills4 ,)\t unceas+ desire no?+ c be done4 ,desire is action4 ,if y leave (f desir+ salvation y are lo/4 ,i tell y no virtue c be f\nd ap>t f our desires4 ,life is ! /ruggle ev]la/+1 unceas+ sacrifice1 con/ant aspiration4 ,:at is ! secret1 if x is n ,love8 ,! _s ( ,life is ,love triumphant1 ! immortal =ce :i* incites ! /ruggle1 makes glad ! sacrifice1 :i* /irs ! desire to a*ieve4 ,& ! law ( ,love is z easy to /ate z x is difficult to apply3 x is ! trans=m+ ( ! w :i* says 8m9e0 into ! w :i* says 8?9e40 ,x is a law t c be compreh5d$ only by liv+ x4 ,i %all be call$ old-fa%ion$4 ,yet1 p]haps1 aft] all1 ,i see fur!r1 deep]1 & m surely ?an ^? :o call me s4 ,! union ( ! man & ! woman cleav+ to ea* o!r c be ! wond] ( life4 ,m>riage %\ld be a bless+ ( ! s5ses1 a k9dl+ ( ! _s1 a mutual surr5d]1 & a new creation4 ,creation is n accompli%$2 x is cont9u\s & unceas+1 & 9 its "w e liv+ ?+ has its %>e1 de/roy+ & creat+4 ,:at is x t ,i desire8 ,:at is x t ,i expect8 ,:at is ! *ange ( ^: com+ ,i feel z assur$ z ( ! ris+ ( to-morr['s sun8 ,i look = a reg5]ation ( woman's in/9cts ?r\gh consci\sness4 ,%e1 :o has conqu]$ ! _w1 w !n r5\nce ! _w4 ,! old corruption w be swept away4 ,woman is ! keep] ( r$emption2 x is h] "w to lead man back to ! gate ( 8 be+4 ,we are wait+ 9 pa9 = ! new lib]ation4 ,love alt]s ev]y?+1 x melts ! :ole _w & makes x afre%4 ,love is ! sun ( our spirits & ! w9d4 ,is !re1 inde$1 ?is glad hope ( ?+s *ang+8 ,*ang+8 ,!y h got to *ange4 ,! we$s ( our mi/akes h s gr[n up t !y are *ok+ u4 ,yes1 :e!r f inside or f out1 ,i d n "k yet1 b !re is *ange & awak5+ com+4 ,mo!rhood w triumph4 ,life is go+ to be made new be=e long4 ,,footnotes #a ,! ,position ( ,wom5 9 ,primitive ,society4 #b ,see note at ! end ( ! *apt]4 #c ,! numb] record$ z kill$ up to ,novemb] #i1 #aiad1 0 #aji1gbc4 #d ,h4 ,g4 ,wells1 ,mank9d 9 ! ,mak+1 p4 #hh4 #e ,! t[ns ) ! highe/ p]c5tages are z foll[3 ,morley #ca1 ,*add]ton #cb1 ,bacup #ch1 ,/ockton #cd1 ,liv]pool #ch1 ,sal=d #cb1 ,/ockport #ci1 ,mansfield #di4 #f ,^! quotations are tak5 f ! ,report ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education1 p4 #gj4 #g ,night "w 9 ! textile trades 0 prohibit$ = wom5 by ! factory legislation ( #ahdd4 ,! cu/om disappe>$ gradually 9 ,great ,brita9 & o!r c\ntries4 ,!n x 0 f9ally bani%$ by int]national agreem5t f twelve ,european c\ntries at ! ,int]national ,conf]5ce ( ,bonn1 #aijf4 #h ,! ?ree sy/ems ( employm5t adopt$ are z foll[s-- ,"o %ift ( #ac-ad h\rs 7! ov]time sy/em72 ,two %ifts ( #ab h\rs2 ,?ree %ifts ( #h h\rs4 ,! report /rongly recomm5ds ! univ]sal adoption ( ! #h-;h\r %ift sy/em4 #i ,see ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman 7pp4 #bdg-bgj71 :]e ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! sexes is treat$ f a diff]5t po9t ( view4 #aj 8,! ,insects' ,hom]10 by ,maurice ,maet]l9ck1 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,octob] #aiab4 #aa ,fabre1 8,! ,leaf ,cutt]s10 ,engli% ,review1 ,m>* #aiae4 #ab ,^! cases are tak5 f ,pycraft1 ,! ,infancy ( ,animals1 & ! diff]5t works ( ,fabre1 ,social ,life 9 ! ,insect ,_w1 ,! ,life & ,love ( ! ,insect1 ,insect ,life1 etc4 #ac ,see article by ,j4 ,ar?ur ,?omson 9 ,! ,new ,/atesman1 ,novemb] #aiae4 #ad ,n all ! sc>abees live to see ! adult gr[? ( _! *ildr54 ,?is is done1 z ,fabre's obs]vations h e/abli%$ by ! ,spani% ,copris & "s relat$ dung-beetles1 :i* are unique among non-social insects1 inasmu* z ! "m survives to see ! em]g5ce & complete metamorphosis ( ! family = :om %e & h] husb& h s unremitt+ly toil$4 #ae ,9 ?is connection ! read] is recomm5d$ to consult ,c4 ,lloyd-,morgan's works1 9 p>ticul> ,animal ,life & ,intellig5ce4 ,see also ! int]e/+ rem>ks on 8,de ,l',am\r ,mat]nal10 9 ,socits ,animales1 by ,alfr$ ,esp9as1 pp4 #agb-ahj4 #af ,see ,esp9as1 ,des ,socits ,animales1 especially ,*apt] ,v1 8,socit dome/ique pat]nelle10 pp4 #bcf et seq4 #ag ,^! cases1 z well z _m o!rs 9 ?is & 9 ! next *apt]1 are tak5 f ,pycraft's ,infancy ( ,animals4 ,i w\ld wi% to record my indebt$ness to ?is fasc9at+ book4 ,to prev5t cont9u\s ref]5ce notes1 :]ev] x is n o!rwise /at$1 ! read] w "k ! cases ,i quote h be5 tak5 f ,mr4 ,pycraft's book4 #ah ,! read] is ref]r$ to a small book by ,/4 ,george ,miv>t1 ,! ,common ,frog4 #ai ,i quote f ,mr4 ,pycraft's acc\nt ( ?is incid5t1 ,infancy ( ,animals1 p4 #aic4 #bj ,pycraft gives a %ort acc\nt ( _! habits1 ibid41 pp4 #bjj-bjf4 #ba ,problems ( ,sex1 by ,j4 ,a4 ,?omson & ,pr(4 ,g$des1 p4 #bj4 #bb ,pycraft1 ,! ,infancy ( ,animals1 pp4 #bae-baf2 ,g4 ,j4 ,romanes1 ,animal ,intellig5ce1 pp4 #bdc-bde1 #bdf-bdg2 ,j4 ,a4 ,?omson & ,pr(4 ,g$des1 ,problems ( ,sex1 p4 #bj4 #bc ,animal ,intellig5ce1 p4 #bdb4 #bd ,pycraft4 ,^! cases1 ) ^? t foll[1 are aga9 tak5 f ,! ,infancy ( ,animals1 pp4 #bag-bai4 #be ,animal ,intellig5ce1 p4 #bdb4 #bf ,romanes ref]s to ,silliman's ,am]ican ,j\rnal1 ,febru>y #ahgb4 #bg ,^! cases w\ld seem to contradict ! /atem5t made on p4 #hb t small families occur :5 ! "y are protect$ by ! p>5ts4 ,i _c expla9 ?is exception4 ,b :at ,i h /at$ ab\t ! dep5d5ce ( ! bir? rate on ! am\nt ( p>5tal c>e is commonly true4 ,9 ?is connection ,i w\ld quote ,mr4 ,pycraft 7,infancy ( ,animals1 p4 #bad73 8,a c>eful survey ( ! facts %[s u t ! production ( l>ge numb]s ( eggs & "y produces ! same result z obta9$ :]e b few eggs are laid1 & are ei!r c>efully gu>d$ by ! p>5ts or are specially protect$ by "s o!r means40 #bh ,quot$ by ,/4 ,george ,miv>t4 #bi ,pycraft1 ibid41 p4 #bah4 ,! /ory ( ?is excell5t fa!r & also sev]al ( ! o!r cases giv5 are tak5 f ,y>rell1 ,brit4 ,fi%es1 #bnd edit41 ii4 p4 #dcf4 #cj ,j4 ,lewis ,bonhote1 ,briti% ,birds1 pp4 #cad-cae4 ,see also ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 pp4 #ajg1 #bdi1 #bfe4 #ca ,p4 ,*alm]s-,mit*ell1 ,*ildhood ( ,animals1 pp4 #gj1 #aji1 #aeg4 #cb ,sev]al examples are m5tion$ 9 ,d>w9ism1 p4 #bha4 ,wallace1 h[ev]1 br+s !m =w>d 9 q a diff]5t connection to prove 8 !ory ( ! protective dull] col\rs ( ! female birds4 #cc ,p4 #acf et seq4 #cd ,see p4 #bba1 :i* is evid5ce t1 p]haps1 may be held to give "s corroboration4 #ce ,an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! family qualities ( birds is giv5 by ,esp9as 9 ,des ,socits ,animales1 pp4 #bcd-bib4 #cf ,p4 ,c4 ,mit*ell1 ,*ildhood ( ,animals1 pp4 #aeg1 #aeh4 ,see also ab\t ! o/ri*1 ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 p4 #id4 #cg ,?is is done to my k by ! male wood-pigeon1 missel-?ru%1 blue-m>t91 buzz>d1 /one curlew1 curlew1 dottrel1 s&-pip]1 common gull1 black-coat$ gull1 kittiwake1 razorbill1 puff91 /ormy petrel1 great blue h]on & black vulture4 ,!re are probably good fa!rs among o!r species ^: names ,i h miss$4 #ch ,pycraft1 ,infancy ( ,animals1 p4 #fb4 #ci ,pycraft1 ,infancy ( ,animals1 pp4 #gg-gh4 #dj ,mit*ell1 ,*ildhood ( ,animals1 pp4 #afj-afb4 ,pycraft1 ,infancy ( ,animals1 pp4 #fc1 #fh1 #gj1 #ga1 #ge1 #gf4 #da ,! sc5e 0 witness$ by ,miss ,turn]4 ,i take my acc\nt f ,mr4 ,pycraft1 :o quotes f ,miss ,turn]4 #db ,mr4 ,eliot ,h[>d calls att5tion to ?is rem>kable conduct 9 8 fasc9at+ book on ! ,briti% ,w>bl]s4 #dc ,mit*ell1 ,*ildhood ( ,animals1 pp4 #adi-aej1 #aei4 #dd ,= a mu* full] acc\nt ( ^! bad fa!rs among birds see ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 pp4 #ij1 #ajd-aaa1 :]e explanation is attempt$4 ,see also ,! ,position ( ,woman 9 ,primitive ,society 7,am]ican title1 ,! ,age ( ,"m-,p[]71 p4 #fc4 #de ,j4 ,g4 ,millais1 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,ducks1 p4 #h4 #df ,! habits ( ! p5gu9s 7 fir/ not$ by ! late ,dr4 ,ed4 ,a4 ,wilson1 ! di/+ui%$ naturali/ ( ! ,discov]y ,exp$ition1 & on 8 dea? 8 "w 0 ably c>ri$ on by ! ,/aff ,surgeon1 ,murray ,levick4 ,he has come ne>] to ! life ( ! p5gu9 ?an any o!r discov]]4 ,see ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,adlie ,p5gu9s4 ,also article 9 ,! ,new ,/atesman1 ,april #ag1 #aiae4 #dg ,! l[lie/ liv+ mammals1 ! duck-bill$ mole & ! anteat] ( ,au/ralia1 /ill lay eggs1 :i* !y reta9 )9 _! bodies until ne>ly ready to hat*4 #dh ,?is case is record$ by ,mr4 ,*alm]s ,mit*ell 9 ,! ,*ildhood ( ,animals1 ! fasc9at+ book f :i* ,i h ga9$ s mu* assi/ance4 #di ,see ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 pp4 #ajb-aad1 also ,! ,position ( ,woman 9 ,primitive ,society1 ! !me ( :i* book foll[s & develops ?is !ory4 #ej ,mit*ell1 ,*ildhood ( ,animals1 p4 #bbe4 #ea ,mit*ell1 ,*ildhood ( ,animals1 pp4 #afd1 #aff1 #bbe4 #eb ,let\rneau1 ,! ,evolution ( ,m>riage1 p4 #cb4 #ec ,mit*ell1 ,*ildhood ( ,animals1 pp4 #agj-aga4 #ed ,esp9as1 ,soc4 ,animales1 pp4 #abj et seq4 ,! read] %\ld consult ?is "w on ! ?ree /ages ( dome/ic societies3 8! society conjugal1 ! society mat]nal1 & ! society pat]nal40 #ee ,let\rneau1 ,evolution ( ,m>riage1 p4 #cbg4 #ef ,9 ?is connection see ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman pp4 #aaj-aaa4 #eg ,d>w91 ,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #ddc4 #eh ,esp9as1 ,soc4 ,animales4 ,see ! introductory & conclud+ *apt]s ( ?is admirable book4 #ei ,havelock ,ellis1 ,psy*ology ( ,sex1 vol4 vi4 p4 #dbb4 #fj ,j4 ,c4 ,h\tzeau1 ,facults m5tales des animaux1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cid4 ,?is "w %\ld be consult$1 9 p>ticul>1 = ! comp>ison x gives ( ! m5tal faculties ( ! animals ) ^? ( man4 #fa ,d>w91 ,desc5t ( ,man1 p4 #cii4 #fb ,let\rneau1 ,evolution ( ,m>riage1 p4 #cc4 ,see also ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 p4 #aji & ,! ,position ( ,woman 9 ,primitive ,society4 #fc ,mit*ell1 ,*ildhood ( ,animals1 p4 #aga et seq42 p4 #agf4 #fd ,engli% title1 ,! ,position ( ,woman 9 ,primitive ,society3 ,a ,/udy ( ,matri>*y4 #fe ,i am n giv+ any ref]5ces 9 support ( ! /atem5ts made 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to ,! ,age ( ,"m-,p[]4 #ff ,! ,age ( ,"m-,p[]4 #fg ,i w\ld wi% to say "h t ,i did n consid] ?is "q suffici5tly :5 ,i wrote ,! ,age ( ,"m-,p[]4 ,i 01 p]haps1 c>ri$ away by ! advantages to wom5 ( ! mat]nal sy/em ( reckon+ desc5t4 ,su* a sy/em c\ld be pres]v$ only "u ! conditions ( ! communal clan4 ,?is necessitat$ ! absorption ( ! individual family1 :i* mu/ consi/ ( fa!r1 "m & *ildr54 ,i hold ?is to be a great] evil ?an ! wrongs--great z ^? wrongs und\bt$ly 7--t came 9 family relation%ips ) ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! patri>*al home4 #fh ,! read] is ref]r$ to a new book on fem9ism t has come into my h&s :ile read+ ! pro(s ( ?is *apt]1 ,t[>ds a ,sane ,fem9ism1 by ,wilma ,meikle4 ,! book is in/ructive z express+ ! views ( ! y\ng] suffragi/s4 ,note especially ! ?ree *apt]s1 8,simplify+ ,sex ,problems10 8,h[ to be ,moral ?\gh ,m>ri$10 & 8,betwe5 ! ,home & ! ,lab\r ,m>ket40 ,"o %ort s5t5ce ,i quote :i* cle>ly %[s ! op9ions held by ! writ]1 8,! tru? is t ,mo!rhood is "o ( ! mo/ casual ( all relation%ips & "o ( ! %orte/-liv$40 ,any comm5t f me on ?is sm>t folly is unnecess>y4 #fi ,! quotation is tak5 f ! well-kn[n book ( ,mrs4 ,p]k9s ,gilman1 :o gave ! e>lie/ expression to ?is false view ( :at is good = ! *ild4 #gj ,ye>s ( ,*ildhood1 by ,s]ge ,aksak(f1 trans4 by ,j4 ,d4 ,duff4 #ga ,see note on p4 #aee4 #gb ,^! 7 ! numb]s giv5 9 ! debate 9 ,p>liam5t1 ,april #d1 #aiaf1 at ! "t ( writ+ ?is *apt]4 ,!y w be mu*1 mu* l>g] be=e my book is f9i%$ & publi%$4 #gc ,= a full description ( ^! e>ly exp]im5ts 9 communal dwell+s see ,! ,age ( ,"m-,p[]1 pp4 #dh1 #ajc-aca1 #aea4 #gd ,see p4 #aab4 #ge ,see p4 #aai4 #gf ,see ,! ,age ( ,"m-,p[]1 pp4 #abg1 #agc1 #agh1 #agg-ahj4 #gg ,see ,iwan ,blo*1 ,sexual ,hi/ory ( our ,times1 p4 #aif1 :o quotes f ,josef ,kohl]4 #gh ,see pp4 #bbi-bed4 #gi ,! read] is ref]r$ to ! *apt] on 8,divorce0 9 ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 pp4 #ceb-cei4 ,i may1 p]haps1 also /ate my int5tion ( devot+ my next book entirely to ! urg5t "q ( ,divorce ,re=m4 ,= ?is reason ,i h said v little ab\t ! subject 9 ?is "w4 #hj ,see pp4 #bbi-bed4 #ha ,see p4 #cdg4 #hb ,! read] is ref]r$ to ! *apt] on 8,reproductive ,diff]5ces0 9 an in/ructive little book1 ,prep>ation = ,m>riage1 by ,walt] ,heape4 #hc ,see p4 #cci4 #hd ,see ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 pp4 #cbf-cbh4 ,also article 9 ! ,engli% ,review1 ,septemb] #aiac1 republi%$ z a small book 9 ,am]ica "u ! title ,wom5 & ,morality4 #he ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 p4 #aia4 #hf ,see p4 #ea4 #hg ,?is e/imate ( ! numb] ( ,wom5 ,w> ,work]s is giv5 by ,sir ,leo ,*iozza ,money4 #hh ,see p4 #aee4 #hi ,sir ,leo ,*iozza ,money1 9 an article 9 ,tit ,bits 7,octob] #ba1 #aiaf71 8,wom5's ,%>e 9 ,w9n+ ! ,w>10 says1 8,assum+ peace to come by ! end ( #aiag1 ! c\ntry w probably conta9 ab\t two millions m wom5 ?an m5 ( m>riageable age40 #ij ,i am "h 9 agreem5t ) ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells' =eca/1 8,:at is ,com+80 ,see 8 essay on ,wom5 & ! ,w>1 already ref]r$ to1 p4 #afg4 #ia ,on ?is "q see ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 pp4 #cgb1 #cgc4 ,an article by ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,george1 8,wom5 aft] ! ,w>10 appe>$ 9 ! ,engli% ,review ( ,decemb] #a4 ,mr4 ,george gives "s v int]e/+ /ati/ics z to ! disproportion betwe5 ! numb]s ( ! two sexes1 treat+ ! "q f a v new po9t ( view4 ,he %[s t ! numb] ( unm>ri$ m5 9 ,engl& & ,wales at ! la/ c5sus s greatly outnumb]$ ! extra wom5 t !re 7 8ne>ly ?ree m5 = e sup]flu\s woman60 #ib ,i relat$ ?is incid5t fir/ 9 ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 p4 #cdg4 #ic ,v int]e/+ /ati/ics 9 ?is connection are giv5 9 an admirable monograph by ,dr4 ,max ,m>cuse1 ,uneheli*e ,mtt] 7,b]l91 #aijg1 vol4 xxvii4 ( ! ,docum5ts ( ,great ,t[ns1 edit$ by ,hans ,o/wald74 ,m>riages ,illegitimate bir?s p] #ajjj4 p] #ajjj4 #ahgf #h4e #h4f #ahgg #h4j #h4g #ahgh #g4g #h4g #ahgi #g4e #h4h ,tak5 f ,jahrbu* fr das deuts*e ,rei*4 ,?is table cle>ly %[s a /eady increase 9 ! illegitimate bir?-rate 9 direct proportion to ! decl9e 9 ! numb] ( m>riages4 ,9 ,bav>ia1 aga91 up to ! ye> #ahfh1 ! p>i%es 7,geme9d57 held a p[] ( veto ov] all wage-e>n]s desir+ to m>ry4 ,9 #ahfh mo/ ( ^! re/rictions 7 aboli%$1 & at once ! illegitimate bir?s dropp$ #ab4f p] c5t4 #id ,! read] is ref]r$ to ! *apt] on 8,pro/itution0 9 ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman4 #ie ,by ! ,affiliation ,ord] ,act1 #aiad1 two important *anges 9 ! law 7 ga9$ 7see p4 #bgf71 b little has be5 done 9 comp>ison ) ! wise *anges made 9 o!r ,/ates4 #if ,9 ?is connection ! read] is ref]r$ to a /atem5t made 9 ! ,report ( ! ,royal ,commission ( ,v5]eal ,diseases 7p4 #ag71 ) reg>d to 8! high preval5ce ( syphilis among unm>ri$ mo!rs40 ,an exam9ation made by ,dr4 ,mott z to ! pres5ce ( syphilis 9 poor unm>ri$ & work+-class m>ri$ wom5 f\nd t among ! =m] #bg4f p] c5t4 ( ! mo!rs 7 infect$1 :ile = ! m>ri$ ! p]c5tage 0 z l[ z #f4f4 ,! ,report /ates3 8,! te/s 9 ! above cases 7 c>efully c>ri$ out1 & ! results1 al?\gh bas$ on too few cases to ju/ify sweep+ g5]alisations1 mu/ be reg>d$ z extremely significant40 ,see also ! next *apt]1 8,! ,dang]s ( ,sexual ,diseases40 #ig ,fem9ism 9 ,g]many & ,sc&9avia1 by ,ka?>9e ,an?ony4 ,?is int]e/+ little book gives a full acc\nt ( ! spl5did ,norwegian bill1 z well z consid]able in=mation on o!r matt]s connect$ ) ! unm>ri$ "m4 #ih ,by ! ,affiliation ,ord] ,act ( #aiad1 two important *anges 9 ! law 7 ga9$-- 7#a7 ,! compulsory int]val ( six days 7a p]iod :i* gave ! man opportunity to escape7 betwe5 ! summons & ! appe>ance 9 c\rt ( ! putative fa!r 0 aboli%$4 7#b7 ,! am\nt ( ! affiliation ord] 0 made payable ?r\gh an (ficial ( ! c\rt 7=m]ly x 0 left to ! woman to collect ! money71 :o has p[]1 ) ! cons5t ( ! woman1 to take action 9 case ( non-paym5t4 #ii ,! ,tru? ab\t ,woman1 pp4 #cei-cgd4 #ajj ,9 pro( ( ?is1 see ! lett]s f ! ,mo!rs ( ! ,co-op]ative ,guild quot$ on pp4 #dj-dd4 #aja ,! ,education ,committee ( ! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil1 = in/ance1 h j agre$ t 9 spite ( ! ,report on ,v5]eal ,diseases & ) its recomm5dation to s*ools to give sexual in/ruction1 !y w\ld 9 no case advise tea*]s to give class in/ruction on su* matt]s1 b1 at ! same "t1 !y advise tea*]s to give su* in/ruction privately to 8individual0 pupils4 #ajb 8,?ree ,contributions to ! ,sexual ,!ory10 ,! ,infantile ,sexuality1 p4 #ch4 ,eng4 trans41 ,new ,york1 #aiaj4 #ajc ,see p4 #ajj4 ,also p4 #bbb4 ,= fur!r in=mation on ?is subject1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! works ( ,mr4 ,walt] ,heape1 especially ,sex ,antagonism & ,prep>ation = ,m>riage4 #ajd ,see pp4 #ahe & #bih4 #aje ,see pp4 #ajj-ajb4 #ajf ,?is is ! op9ion ( ,/anley ,hall1 ^: wise "w on ,adolesc5ce %\ld be read by all mo!rs4 ,9 ?is connection he beautifully writes3 8,9 ?is way ! girl w be an*or$ 9 "t to :at is really ! ess5tial ?+1 viz4 reproduction & ! c>ry+ b5ea? h] he>t & !n be>+ *ildr51 :i* are ! hope ( ! _w40 #ajg ,i f9d x e/imat$ t by ! end ( #aiag1 ( ! p]sons ag$ f fifte5 to =ty-f\r 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ! females w exce$ ! males by ne>ly two millions4 ,,bibliography ,n4,b4--,?is bibliography is int5d$ z a guide to ! /ud5t2 x is m]ely repres5tative1 n 9 any "p exhau/ive4 ,! books to :i* ref]5ce is made are m>k$ ) an a/]isk1 ^? ( special importance ) two a/]isks4 ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,woman',s ,,movem5t ,,ank]1 ,e4 ,wom5's ,suffrage 9 ,norway4 ,n4,u4 ( ,w4,s4,s4 #aiac4 ,,an?ony1 ,k4 ,fem9ism 9 ,g]many & ,sc&9avia4 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,,bax1 ,e4 ,b4 ,! ,fraud ( ,fem9ism4 ,london1 #aiac4 ,,blease1 ,w4 ,l4 ,! ,emancipation ( ,engli% ,wom54 ,new ed4 ,london1 #aiac4 ,,breevoort1 ,j4 ,ha> ideal5 7on fem9ism 9 ,holl&74 ,rott]dam1 #aiad4 ,,catt1 ,c4 ,c4 ,! ,_w ,movem5t = ,woman's ,suffrage4 ,london1 #aiaa4 ,,colquh\n1 ,e4 ,! ,vocation ( ,woman4 ,london1 #aiad4 99,,coom>aswamy1 ,a4 ,,sati3 ,a ,v9dication ( ! ,h9du ,wom54 ,repr9t$ f ! ,sociological ,review1 ,april #aiac4 ,,fairfield1 ,z4 ,! ,woman's ,movem5t4 ,london1 #aiaa4 ,"s ,aspects ( ! ,woman's ,movem5t4 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,,fawcett1 ,m4 ,g4 ,wom5's ,suffrage3 ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( a ,great ,movem5t4 ,! ,p's ,books4 #aiab4 ,,george1 ,w4 ,l4 ,woman & ,to-morr[4 ,london1 #aiab4 ,article 9 ,engli% ,review1 ,decemb] #aiaf4 ,,gordon1 ,h4 ,! ,prison]3 ,a ,sket*4 ,an exp]i5ce ( =cible fe$+4 ,let*wor? ,press1 #aiaa4 ,,grieg1 ,t4 ,b4 ,! ,militant ,suffrage ,movem5t3 ,emancipation 9 a ,hurry4 ,london1 #aiaa4 ,t[>ds ,woman's ,lib]ty4 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,,hut*9s1 ,b4 ,l4 ,conflict+ ,ideals3 ,two ,sides ( ! ,woman's ,"q4 ,london1 #aiac4 ,int]national ,wom5's ,suffrage4 ,alliance ,publications4 ,,key1 ,,ell54 ,! ,wom5's ,movem5t4 7,translat$ by ,m4 ,b4 ,bor?wick1 ) ,introduction by ,havelock ,ellis47 ,new ,york & ,london1 #aiab4 ,,lytton1 ,,lady ,,con/ance4 ,prisons & ,prison]s4 ,london1 #aiad4 ,,m>t91 ,e4 ,s4 ,! ,unre/ ( ,wom54 ,new ,york & ,london1 #aiac4 ,,mason1 ,b4 ,/ory ( ! ,woman's ,suffrage ,movem5t4 7,introduction by ! ,"r ,rev4 ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,l9coln47 ,new ,york & ,london1 #aiab4 ,,mayr$]1 ,,rosa4 ,a ,survey ( ! ,woman ,problem4 7,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,h4 ,s*effau]47 ,london1 #aiac4 99,,meikle1 ,m4 ,t[>ds a ,sane ,fem9ism4 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,national ,union ( ,wom5's ,suffrage ,societies ,publications4 ,,ow51 ,h4 ,woman ,adrift3 ,! ,m5ace ( ,suffragism4 ,london1 #aiab4 ,,pankhur/1 ,e4 ,:y we are ,militant4 ,london1 #aiad4 ,my ,own ,/ory4 ,london1 #aiad4 ,,pankhur/1 ,e4 ,s4 ,! ,suffragette4 ,! hi/ory ( ! wom5's militant suffrage movem5t4 ,new ,york1 #aiaa4 ,,rob]ts1 ,k4 ,pages f ! ,di>y ( a ,militant ,suffragette4 ,let*wor? ,press1 #aiaa4 ,,rob9s1 ,e4 ,way ,/ations4 ,london1 #aiac4 ,,%>p1 ,e4 ,rebel ,wom54 7,introduction by ,e4 ,rob947 ,london1 #aiae4 ,,s*irma*]1 ,k4 ,! ,mod]n ,wom5's ,rights ,movem5t4 ,an hi/orical survey4 7,translat$ f #crd ,g]man ed4 by ,c4 ,conrad47 ,new ,york1 #aiab4 ,,/anton1 ,c4 ,s4 ,hi/ory ( ,wom5's ,suffrage4 ,new ,york1 #ahha4 ,,swanwick1 ,h4 ,m4 ,! ,future ( ! ,wom5's ,movem5t4 7,introduction by ,mrs4 ,fawcett47 ,london1 #aiac4 ,woman's ,press4 ,_m ,publications4 ,wom5's ,fre$om ,league4 ,! ,vote1 pamphlets1 etc4 ,wom5's ,social & ,political ,union4 ,votes = ,wom5 & o!r publications4 ,,wright1 ,,sir ,a4 ,! ,unexpurgat$ ,case aga9/ ,woman ,suffrage4 ,london1 #aiac4 ,,zimm]n1 ,a4 ,wom5's ,suffrage 9 ,_m ,l&s4 #aiji4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,animal ,,p>5?ood 99,,audubon1 ,j4 ,j4 ,orni?ological ,biography3 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,habits ( ! ,birds ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 #e vols4 ,ed9burgh1 #ahca-i4 99,,bonhote1 ,j4 ,,lewis4 ,birds ( ,brita94 ,london1 #aijg4 ,vig\r & ,h]$ity4 ,london1 #aiae4 99,,brehm1 ,a4 ,e4 ,?i]leb54 ,leipzig1 #ahgf1 etc4 ,orni?ology ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,birds4 7,f ! text ( ,dr4 ,brehm47 #b p>ts4 ,columbus1 ,c9c9nati1 #ahgh fol4 99,,d>w91 ,c4 ,! ,expression ( ! ,emotions 9 ,man & ,animals4 ,pop4 ed4 ,london1 #ahgd4 ,! ,v>iation ( ,animals & ,plants "u ,dome/ication4 ,pop4 ed4 ,london1 #aije4 9999,,esp9as1 ,a4 ,des ,socits ,animales tude de psy*ologie comp>e4 ,p>is1 #ahgg4 9999,,fabre1 ,j4 ,,h5ri4 ,! ,life & ,love ( ! ,insect4 7,translat$ by ,a4 ,teixeira de ,mattos47 ,london1 #aiaa4 ,social ,life 9 ! ,insect ,_w4 7,translat$ by ,b]n>d ,miall47 ,london1 #aiab4 ,! ,works ( ,j4 ,h4 ,fabre4 7,translat$ by ,a4 ,teixeira de ,mattos4 ,preface by ,maurice ,maet]l9ck47 ,london & ,new ,york1 #aiab1 etc4 99,,g$des1 ,p41 & ,,?omson1 ,j4 ,a4 ,! ,evolution ( ,sex4 #d? 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,g]man ed41 by ,c4 ,g4 ,*addock47 ,philadelphia & ,london1 #ahib4 ,,leys1 ,g4 ,a ,text ,book on ,gonorrha & its ,complications4 7,translat$ by ,a4 ,fo]/]47 ,london1 #aiac4 ,,lu%+ton4 ,! ,law ( ,affiliation & ,ba/>dy4 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,,mccabe1 ,j4 ,! ,influ5ce ( ! ,*ur* on ,m>riage & ,divorce4 ,london1 #aiaj4 99,,m>cuse1 ,m4 ,uneheli*e ,mtt]4 7,gros/adt ,dokum5te ,b& #bg47 ,b]l91 #aije1 etc4 99,,met*nik(f1 ,e4 ,! ,nature ( ,man4 7,translation1 ed4 by ,p4 ,*alm]s ,mit*ell47 ,london & ,new ,york1 #aijd4 ,essais ,optimi/es4 ,p>is1 #aijh4 99,,moll1 ,a4 ,hypnotism4 7,translat$ f #bnd ,g]man ed41 ,con4 ,sci4 ,s]ies47 ,london1 #ahij4 ,das n]vse ,weib4 ,b]l91 #ahih4 ,die contrre ,sexualempf9dung4 ,b]l91 #ahia4 ,unt]su*ung5 b] die ,libido sexualis4 ,b]l91 #ahig4 ,,morley1 ,e4 ,j4 7edit$ by74 ,wom5 ,work]s 9 ,sev5 ,pr(essions4 7,fabian ,wom5's ,rese>*47 ,london & ,new ,york1 #aiad4 ,,nai%1 ,e4 ,m4 ,^: ,*ildr5 are ,^!8 ,birm+ham1 #aiac4 ,,new%olm1 ,a4 ,! ,elem5ts ( ,vital ,/ati/ics4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahii4 ,s*ool ,hygi5e4 #ad? ed41 rewritt5 by ,j4 ,k]r4 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,,p>sons1 ,e4 ,c4 ,! ,decl9e ( ! ,family4 7,*apt] ,v 9 ,national ,life & ,"*47 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahid4 ,m>riage & ,p>5?ood3 a ,di/9ction4 7,! ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 ,july #aiae47 ,london1 #aiae4 ,,payne1 ,c4 ,e4 ,wom5 aft] ! ,w> & ,n[4 ,london1 #aiae4 9999,,pe>son1 ,,k>l4 ,! ,e?ic ( ,free?\ght & o!r ,addresses & ,essays4 #bnd ed4 ,london1 #aija4 9999,,pe>son1 ,,k>l1 & ,,eld]ton1 ,e4 ,m4 ,on ! ,correlation ( ,f]tility ) ,social ,value4 7,univ]sity ,college ,eug5ics ,laboratory ,memoirs1 ,no4 #ah47 ,london1 #aiac4 9999,,pe>son1 ,,k>l4 ,nature & ,nurture1 ! ,problem ( ! ,future4 7,univ]sity ,college ,eug5ics ,laboratory ,lectures1 ,no4 #f47 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,,rembaugh1 ,b4 ,! ,political ,/atus ( ,wom5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a ,dige/ ( ,laws conc]n+ ,wom5 9 ! v>i\s ,/ates & ,t]ritories4 7,introduction by ,h4 ,s4 ,blat*47 ,new ,york & ,london1 #aiaa4 ,,r[ntree1 ,s4 ,pov]ty3 ,a ,/udy ( ,t[n ,life4 ,london1 #aija4 ,,saleeby1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,woman & ,womanhood4 ,london1 #aiab4 ,! ,me?ods ( ,race ,reg5]ation4 7,new ,tracts = ! ,times47 ,london1 #aiaa1 etc4 ,p>5?ood & ,race ,culture4 ,london1 #aiji4 ,,saund]s1 ,t4 ,w4 ,law & ,practice ( ,ord]s ( ,affiliation4 #aa? ed4 ,london1 #aiae4 ,,s*>lieb1 ,dr4 ,m4 ,! ,hidd5 ,sc\rge4 7,national ,life ,s]ies47 ,london1 #aiaf1 etc4 ,womanhood & ,race ,reg5]ation4 7,new ,tracts = ! ,times47 ,london1 #aiaa4 ,:at x means to ,m>ry4 ,que/ions ( ,sex4 ,london1 #aiad4 ,! ,prev5tion & ,arre/ ( ,v5]eal ,disease 9 ,wom54 7,lecture at ,royal ,in/itute ( ,public ,heal?47 ,report$ 9 ,m$ical ,_w ( ,london1 ,janu>y #bf1 #aiag4 ,,s*re9]1 ,o4 ,woman & ,lab\r4 ,london1 #aiaa4 ,?\ghts ab\t ,wom54 7,preface by ,anna ,purcell47 ,cape ,t[n1 #aiji4 ,,smi?1 ,a4 ,c4 ,! ,problem ( ,nations3 ,a ,/udy 9 ! ,causes1 ,symptoms1 & ,effects ( ,sexual ,diseases1 & ! ,education ( ! ,individual ,!re94 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,,smi?1 ,e4 ,wage-,e>n+ ,wom5 & ,_! ,dep5d5ts4 7,fabian ,society47 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,,smi?1 ,w4 ,g4 ,incompatibility & ,"s ( its ,lessons4 #bnd ed4 ,london & ,dubl91 #aiaa4 ,/ati/ique des ,familles4 ,p>is1 #aijf4 99,,/ock]1 ,h4 ,die ,liebe & die ,frau54 ,m9d51 #aijf4 ,,taylor1 ,g4 ,s41 & ,,mack5na1 ,r4 ,w4 ,! ,salv>san ,treatm5t ( ,syphilis4 ,london1 #aiad4 9999,,twe$ie1 ,,mrs4 ,,alec4 ,! ,wom5's ,army4 ,eng4 ,review1 ,janu>y #aiag4 ,,urb91 ,e4 ,l4 ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,m>riage3 ,m>riage ,rites1 ,cu/oms & ,folklore 9 _m ,c\ntries & all ,ages4 ,london1 #aiac4 ,,watson1 ,d4 ,gonorrha & its ,complications 9 ,male & ,female4 ,london1 #aiad4 ,,webb1 ,s4 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-,rate4 7,fabian ,tract ,no4 #aca47 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,,:elham1 ,w4 ,c4 ,d4 ,! ,w> & ! ,race4 ,! ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,janu>y #aiag4 ,woman & ,*ild ,wage-e>n]s1 ,u4,s4,a41 vols4 i-xiii4 9999,woman's ,co-op]ative ,guild4 ,mat]nity ,lett]s f ,work+ ,wom54 7,preface by ,rt4 ,hon4 ,h]b]t ,samuel47 ,london1 #aiae4 ,wom5's ,lab\r ,league ,pamphlets4 ,london4 ,work+ ,wom5 & ,divorce4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,evid5ce giv5 on behalf ( ! ,woman's ,co-op]ative ,guild be=e ! ,royal ,commission on ,divorce4 ,london1 #aiab4 ,,yule1 ,g4 ,u4 ,on ! ,*anges 9 ! ,m>riage & ,bir?-rate 9 ,engl& & ,wales dur+ ! pa/ ,half-c5tury4 ,j\rn4 ,roy4 ,/at4 ,soc41 lxix41 #aijf4 ,,"p ,v ,,sexual ,,education ,,& ,,! ,,"y ,,girl ,,addams1 ,j4 ,_s ( ,y\? 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,/ati/ics ( ,wom5 ,/ud5ts ( ,cambridge & ,ox=d & ( _! ,si/]s4 ,london1 #ahij4 ,reports1 ,m9ority & ,majority1 ( ,special ,commission on ,co-,education ( ! ,sexes4 ,s*ool ,docum5t ,no4 #ai4 ,bo/on4 ,,?omas1 ,c4 ,e4 ,a?letic ,tra9+ = ,girls4 ,london1 #aiab4 ,,?omson1 ,m4 ,h4 ,environm5t & ,effici5cy4 ,,wood-,,all51 ,,m>y4 ,:at a ,"y ,girl ,ought to ,"k4 ,philadelphia1 #ahig4 ,,woods1 ,a4 ,co-,education4 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahic4 ,,reports ,annual ,report = #aiad ( ! ,*ief ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 7,cd4 #hjee47 ,annual ,report = #aiae ( ! ,*ief ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 7,cd4 #hcch47 ,bo>d ( ,education3 ,s*ool ,att5dance & ,employm5t 9 ,agriculture4 #aiaf4 7,cd4 #haga47 ,f9al ,report ( ! ,royal ,commission on ,v5]eal ,diseases4 #aiaf4 7,cd4 #hahi47 ,app5dix1 ,m9utes ( ,evid5ce1 etc41 to ,f9al ,report ( ! ,royal ,commission on ,v5]eal ,diseases4 #aiaf4 7,cd4 #haij47 ,m9i/ry ( ,munitions3 ,heal? ( ,munitions ,work]s ,committee4 ,memor&um #d1 ,employm5t ( ,wom54 7,cd4 #hahe47 ,memor&um #e1 ,h\rs ( ,"w4 7,cd4 #hahf71 & ,memor&um #ab1 ,/ati/ical ,in=mation conc]n+ ,output 9 ,relation to ,h\rs ( ,lab\r4 7,cd4 #hcdd47 ,augu/ #aiaf4 ,m9i/ry ( ,munitions 7,heal? ( ,munitions ,work]s ,committee71 ,juv5ile ,employm5t4 #aiaf4 7,cd4 #hcfb47 ,report ( ! ,int]-,dep>tm5tal ,committee on ,physical ,det]ioration4 #aijd4 7,cd4 #bage47 ,report ( ! ,royal ,commission on ! ,poor ,laws 7,m9ority ,report74 #aiji4 7,cd4 #ddii47 ,report on ,sex 9 ,indu/ry1 be+ ,"p ,,iv ( #ccrd ,report ( ! ,mass4 ,bureau ( ,/ati/ics ( ,lab\r4 ,bo/on1 #aijd4 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-,rate1 its causes & effects1 be+ ! ,report ( & *ief evid5ce tak5 by ! ,national ,bir?-,rate ,commission4 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,report ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,conf]5ce on ,infant ,mortality held 9 ,caxton ,hall1 ,we/m9/]1 ,m>* #aijh4 ,k+ ,son1 ,london1 #aijh4 ,,index ,a ,abolition ( "o home4 7,see ,home life ?reat5$47 ,abolition ( m>riage4 7,see ,free love47 ,abortion1 #cf1 #de1 #bag1 #beh1 #bfd ,adam & ,eve my?1 #ahi-aij ,adolesc5ce1 #cbd1 #cbi et seq41 #ccd1 #cdj-cda1 #cei et seq4 ,adolesc5ce1 ,dang]s (1 #cje-cjf1 #ccc-cce1 #cda et seq41 #cde-cdf ,adolesc5t girls1 #age1 #cbi-cdg1 #cef-cgd ,aksak(f1 ,s41 #aga ,alligators1 #gi ,ance/ors1 ,our primitive1 #adc et seq4 ,animal p>5?ood4 7,see ,p>5?ood1 pre-human47 ,ante-natal dea?s1 #cf1 #de ,ants1 #fi1 #gj ,asceticism1 #aii1 #bbj4 7,see also ,celibacy47 ,b ,ba/>dy laws 9 ,engl&1 #beg1 #beh1 #bfa1 #bfb-bfc1 #bgj1 #bga1 #bgf-bgg ,ba/>dy laws 9 ,norway1 #bgb-bgf ,ba/>dy laws 9 o!r c\ntries1 #bgg-bgi ,ba/>dy laws 9 ,scotl&1 #bfc ,ba/>dy laws1 ,re=m (1 #bga-bhb ,beauty & "o ,bea/ /ory1 #bie ,bees1 #fi1 #gj ,bird p>5ts1 #fj1 #fc1 #ii-aad ,birds1 ,devotion (1 to family1 #ajc et seq4 ,bir?-rate1 ,decl9e (1 #ca1 #cb1 #cf1 #bdg1 #beh1 #bfc1 #cee-cef1 #ceg1 #cga ,blo*1 ,iwan1 #aib ,bonhote1 ,j4 ,lewis1 #ajj ,brau]1 #hc ,c ,c>bonni]1 ,m41 #ia1 #ic ,c>e ( "y by pre-human p>5ts1 #ei-ace ,c>nivores1 #abc1 #abd ,celibacy 9 m5 & wom51 #bcd ,celibacy1 ,suff]+ caus$ by1 #bcg ,celibacy1 ,value (1 #bcf ,celibate wom51 #cgb ,*a/ity1 #aid1 #bcd1 #bce-bcg ,*ild1 ,duty to1 #bjb1 #bjc-bjd1 #bad ,*ild1 ,its rights1 #aha-ahc1 #cef ,*ild to be tra9$ by exp]ts1 #afi1 #aha-ahb ,*ild welf>e1 #ca1 #cc1 #ce et seq41 #eb1 #bdg1 #bfd1 #bgi1 #cgd ,*ildr5 born 9 s91 #bba ,*ildr51 ,desire =1 #aac-aad1 #bad1 #bag ,*ildr51 ,dislike (1 #baf-bag1 #bbj1 #bbc-bbe ,*ildr5 kill$ by conditions ( life1 #cf et seq41 #dj et seq4 ,*ildr5 n want$1 #ceb1 #ced ,*ild's curiosity on sex matt]s1 #caj et seq41 #cbj-cbc1 #cbd ,*ild's ne$ ( its p>5ts1 #aha ,civilisation1 ,failure (1 #dj et seq4 ,co-education1 #ccb ,communal clan1 #ade1 #adi-aej1 #aeb1 #aee1 #aef1 #aei1 #agd1 #aia ,communal h\ses1 #afi1 #aha ,communal liv+1 #agc1 #agf1 #agg1 #ahj ,companion%ip ess5tial to true m>riage1 #bji ,concealm5ts 9 love s9ful1 #bcj et seq41 #bdi-bed1 #beg1 #bfa ,conduct1 ,advantages ( fix$ /&>ds =1 #bjc ,confusion 9 wom5's lives1 #afh1 #agc1 #bjc ,connection betwe5 "m & *ild1 #fj1 #fa1 #aah-aba1 #adg1 #aea1 #aed1 #ahd ,contempt = woman's sph]e1 #cfc ,contra/ betwe5 ! family & ! clan1 #aej-aec ,contra/s betwe5 ! sexes1 #bdi-bed ,co-op]ation betwe5 ! fa!r & ! "m1 #ga1 #aje-ajf1 #aba1 #acb1 #aif ,co-op]ative *ild-re>+1 #aaa-aac1 #afg et seq41 #afi1 #agf1 #agg1 #aha ,c\rt%ip1 #aeb ,creat+ a home1 #agg ,creek ,indians ( ,georgia1 #ahj ,crime 9 ! family1 #ajh ,crime ( irresponsible p>5?ood1 #bdj ,crime ( ov]work+ "m1 #dj et seq4 ,crocodiles1 ,"y1 #hj ,cuckoo1 #fc1 #ajg ,curiosity on sex matt]s1 ,*ild's1 #caj et seq41 #cbj-cbc1 #cbd ,cu/oms ( male own]%ip ( woman1 #add et seq41 #adi1 #aec ,d ,d>w91 #abf ,dea?-rate1 #cb ,dea?-rate1 ,illegitimate1 #bfb-bfd ,dea?-rate1 ,infantile1 #cf-ch1 #de-df1 #bhg1 #cee ,e ,economic conditions4 7,see ,indu/rialism47 ,educat+ girls z sexless neut]s1 #ccb et seq4 7,see also ,sexual education47 ,education1 #cd1 #ce1 #cje-cgg ,education1 ,failure (1 #cca-ccg1 #cda1 #cdd-cde1 #cga et seq4 ,eggs1 ,c>e (1 #fc1 #gj1 #hj1 #ha1 #ajc ,egoism 9 female1 #ai et seq41 #ajb1 #aai1 #abj1 #acc1 #agj1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #bba1 #bbc1 #cfa ,egoism 9 male1 #fd1 #ajh1 #aag1 #aai1 #aba1 #abd1 #abg1 #abi1 #adc et seq41 #aej ,egoi/ic factor 9 sex1 #ff1 #ajc1 #aag1 #aej1 #bbb1 #cfg-cfh ,ehrli*1 #bhg ,ellis1 ,havelock1 #abg ,emotion display$ by fi%es1 #hi ,emotion1 ,human ne$ (1 #bj-ba1 #ace1 #agg1 #bja ,emotional view ( life1 ,importance (1 #cgb-cgc ,environm5t1 ,effect (1 #fb ,esp9as1 ,alfr$1 #ge1 #gi1 #abf ,eug5ics1 #aig ,f ,fabre1 ,h5ri1 #ee1 #fe-ff1 #fh1 #ga1 #gb1 #gd1 #gf1 #ie ,familial gr\ps1 #abe-abf1 #ade4 7,see also ,communal clan & ,familial in/9ct47 7,see ,p>5tal in/9ct47 ,family1 ,!1 #afe-ahf ,family1 ,exp]im5ts 9 !1 #ff1 #gj1 #he1 #ii1 #ajj1 #aji-aad1 #aec1 #afe1 #agc1 #aie-aif ,family1 ,hi/ory ( !1 #ada-aei ,family1 ,ideal (1 #afe-ahf ,family1 ,limitation ( !1 #hb1 #abb1 #abc1 #acb1 #acc1 #aid1 #aig1 #bag ,family1 ,rev]sal 9 duties connect$ ) !1 #fj1 #fc1 #gi1 #hb-hd1 #hf-hi1 #ij1 #ib1 #ic1 #id-ie1 #ii-ajc1 #bff ,fa!r1 ,legal p>5t1 #aee et seq41 #aeg1 #aib ,fa!r-"r1 #aei1 #aib-aid4 7,see also ,patri>*al family47 ,fa!rs1 ,devotion (1 #fd-fe1 #gj-gb1 #ahd-ahe4 7,see also ,family1 ,rev]sal 9 duties connect$ )47 ,fe$+ (fspr+1 #ci1 #fd1 #gj-ga1 #ajc1 #ajd-aje1 #aah1 #abj1 #adg1 #bfd ,fidelity1 ,conjugal1 #ahi1 #aia1 #aif1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bje1 #baj1 #bac1 #bbj1 #bbb1 #big ,fi% fa!rs1 #hf-id ,freud1 ,s41 #bce1 #cae1 #caf ,g ,gall9ace\s birds4 7,see ,polygam\s fa!rs47 ,games ( *ildr51 #cae ,g$des1 ,pr(essor1 #hi ,george1 ,rt4 ,hon4 ,d4 ,lloyd1 #ce1 #beg ,george1 ,w4 ,l41 #afg1 #bea ,gilman1 ,mrs4 ,p]k9s1 #afi ,girls1 ,d5ial ( _! womanhood1 #cde et seq4 7,see also ,adolesc5t girls47 ,girls1 ,hidd5 life (1 #ccd et seq41 #cff1 #cfh ,girls1 ,passage into womanhood1 #cfj et seq41 #cff4 7,see also ,adolesc5t girls47 ,girls1 ,real nature (1 #cfb1 #cfh ,girls1 ,view ( love1 #cfg-cfh ,gonorrha1 #bhg4 7,see also ,v5]eal diseases47 ,h ,habits1 ,importance (1 #gj1 #abj1 #adc ,hall1 ,/anley1 #cfg ,h5sel1 ,dr4 ,re9hold1 #ib ,home1 ,atta*m5t ( woman to !1 #adf ,home1 ,importance (1 #fb1 #aji1 #afe-ahf ,home & "o family1 #afe-ahf ,home life ?reat5$1 #di1 #agd1 #agf et seq41 #ahe1 #bda et seq41 #bdd-bdg ,h\tzeau1 ,j4 ,c41 #abg ,h[>d1 ,eliot1 #ajg ,hudson1 ,w4 ,h41 #ajg ,hygi5e1 ,sexual4 7,see ,sexual education47 ,hypocrisy1 #bca et seq41 #bcf1 #bch1 #beg1 #cdf ,i ,ideal ( ! home1 #agj1 #aif1 #bdc-bdd ,ideal ( m>riage1 #bdh-bdi1 #cjj ,ideals1 ,! guide to conduct1 #eb1 #aff1 #agj1 #bjc1 #bjd-bje1 #baj1 #baf1 #cjj1 #cdb1 #cdd1 #ced1 #cgb ,ignorance1 ,evils (1 #dj ,illegitimacy1 ,causes (1 #bfh-bgj ,illegitimacy1 ,its connection ) m>riage1 #bfg-bfh ,illegitimacy1 ,problem (1 #beg-bhb ,illegitimacy1 ,s9 (1 #bei1 #bfa1 #bgd ,illegitimate bir? ! result ( unhappy m>riages1 #bfh ,illegitimate *ild1 ,appo9tm5t ( gu>dians =1 #bgi1 #bhj ,illegitimate *ild1 ,protection (1 #bei1 #bfa1 #bfe1 #bgj-bhb ,illegitimate infantile dea?-rate1 #bfa-bfd ,incubation ( eggs1 #fc1 #ajc ,indep5d5ce ( woman4 7,see ,fre$om & woman47 ,indiff]5ce to (fspr+ among pre-human p>5ts1 #fc1 #hg1 #ajj1 #aba ,individual family1 #ade1 #aee et seq41 #aei1 #agj1 #aha1 #ahe1 #aie1 #bde ,individualism1 #bjd1 #ceb1 #cgb ,indu/rialism1 #dj et seq41 #ej1 #eb1 #agj1 #aga1 #agd1 #agg1 #ahb1 #bdd1 #ceb1 #cef ,indu/rial values1 #ceb1 #cgb ,infanticide1 #abh1 #bfg1 #bgi ,infantile dea?-rate4 7,see ,dea?-rate1 ,infantile47 ,infantile sexuality1 #cae-caf1 #cdj ,insect home-mak]s1 #fd-ff1 #fg1 #fh1 #gj1 #gd ,insect p>5?ood1 #ei-gf ,in/9ct1 ,action (1 #ba1 #cg1 #fa1 #fd1 #gj1 #ge-gf1 #aii-baf1 #cda1 #cef ,in/9cts1 ,atrophy (1 #cef et seq4 ,in/9cts1 ,primitive1 #aii ,in/9cts1 ,reg5]ation (1 #bja1 #bih-cjj1 #cgf1 #cgg ,in/ruction ( girls among primitive peoples1 #aeb1 #cdd ,in/ruction 9 sex m necess>y = girls ?an boys1 #cbi-cci ,intellectual re=m]s1 #aff-afh1 #aif1 #aig1 #ccj ,intellig5ce1 ,connection betwe5 c>+ = "y1 #ge-gf1 #ie1 #ii1 #aca1 #acb1 #ace ,iroquois ,indians1 #ahj ,j ,jeal\sy1 #aji1 #aba et seq41 #adc-adf1 #aej et seq41 #bjb-bjc ,k ,key1 ,ell51 #bgb ,k9%ip1 ,feel+ (1 #add4 7,see also ,"m1 ,!1 9 "o primitive family47 ,l ,laws1 ,ne$ (1 to protect illegitimate *ild1 #bgi-bhb4 7,see also ,"m1 ,! unm>ri$47 ,lessons to be le>nt f pa/ hi/ory ( "o family1 #adb-adc1 #afe et seq41 #aia et seq4 ,lessons to be le>nt f pre-human p>5ts1 #fj et seq41 #gf1 #hb-hc1 #ic-if1 #ii-ajb1 #aab1 #aad1 #acj-ace1 #afe1 #aha ,let\rneau1 #abe1 #abf1 #abh ,lett]s f work+ wom54 7,see ,wom5's ,co-op]ative ,guild47 ,levick1 ,murray1 #aaj ,lib]t9age4 7,see ,pr(ligacy47 ,life1 ,ext]nalis+ (1 #ag et seq41 #cea et seq4 ,life1 ,mean+ (1 #ace1 #aei1 #aig-aih1 #cge-cgf ,love1 #aij1 #aih-bjj1 #bja1 #baa1 #bad-bae1 #cbf1 #cdg1 #cgf-cgg ,love1 ,art (1 #bih ,love-*ild4 7,see ,illegitimacy47 ,love1 ,free1 #aig1 #bjb1 #baa4 7,see also ,sexual relation%ips1 ,irregul>47 ,love triumphant1 #cgf-cgg ,love1 ,wild1 #bci1 #bea ,love1 ,woman's view (1 #aii et seq41 #bid-big1 #cci et seq41 #cde-cdg1 #cgc et seq4 ,lov]1 ,! passionate1 #aih et seq4 ,lov]s1 ,responsibilities (1 #bbd1 #bdj1 #bec-bed1 #bgc1 #bge1 #bgg1 #cgf-cgg ,m ,maet]l9ck1 ,m41 #fd ,male held to ! family1 #aeh1 #ahc ,male ! psy*ical "m1 #he et seq41 #acd4 7,see also ,fa!rs1 ,devot$47 ,mammals1 ,p>5?ood among1 #aag-ace1 #afe ,man ! protector1 #ae ,man1 ,suff]$ selfi%ness (1 #cd1 #bfi1 #cdc ,m>riage z x affects p>5?ood1 #cd1 #bdh1 #bfh ,m>riage1 ,a religi\s duty1 #aii ,m>riage1 ,*ri/ian view (1 #aii-bjj ,m>riage1 ,difficulties (1 #aih1 #baa1 #bab ,m>riage1 ,immorality 9 connection )1 #bjj1 #bjb1 #bji1 #bac1 #bcj ,m>riage1 ,late1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #bfg-bfh1 #bid ,m>riage1 ,mat]nal1 #aej-aeb1 #aec1 #aef1 #aia1 #bde ,m>riage1 ,"s p unsuit$ =1 #bji1 #baa-bab1 #bba1 #bbb-bbc1 #bcj1 #bci ,m>riage1 ,v>i\s =ms (1 #acc1 #ade1 #aed1 #aef1 #aia1 #aid ,m>riages1 ,causes ( unhapp9ess 91 #cdb1 #cdd ,mat]nal communism4 7,see ,communal clan47 ,mat]nal family4 7,see ,matri>*ate47 ,mat]nal in/9ct1 #cd1 #cg et seq41 #fa1 #gj1 #gi1 #hj1 #hd et seq41 #ii1 #abc1 #baf-bag1 #bba1 #bbb ,mat]nal in/9ct 9 ! mak+1 #ee1 #gj1 #he1 #aja1 #aca4 7,see also ,p>5?ood1 ,pre-human47 ,ma/urbation1 #cci ,matri>*ate1 #ada et seq41 #aej1 #aeb ,megapode1 #fc ,meikle1 ,wilma1 #afh ,m5/ruation1 ,importance (1 #ceg1 #cei-cfj1 #cfc-cfd ,m5/ruation1 ,our neglect (1 #cec1 #cef1 #ceg-cfd ,met*nik(f1 #adc ,militancy1 #ad1 #ai et seq4 ,millais1 ,t4 ,g41 #aji ,miv>t1 ,/4 ,george1 #ha1 #ia ,money1 ,l4 ,*iozza1 #bda1 #bdf ,monkeys1 #aai1 #abc1 #abg1 #add ,monogamy among ! animals1 #gc1 #gd1 #aji1 #abf-abg1 #abh ,monogamy1 ,desire =1 #aic et seq41 #aie1 #bjb1 #bjc1 #bjd-bje1 #bji1 #bch ,monogam\s m>riage1 #aeh1 #ahi-bje1 #bji et seq41 #bcj1 #bch1 #bdh ,monogamy1 ,woman's incl9ation t[>ds1 #ahi-aij ,moral /&>ds1 ,necessity =1 #bjc1 #bjd ,"m-age4 7,see ,matri>*ate47 ,"m1 ,desc5t reckon$ ?r\gh1 #aeb ,"m egoism4 7,see ,egoism1 ,female47 ,"m1 ,our neglect ( !1 #ce et seq41 #dj et seq41 #df1 #cec et seq41 #cef1 #ceg ,"m1 ,!1 9 "o primitive family1 #ada-aei ,"m1 ,! unm>ri$1 #beg-bhb ,mo!rhood1 ,decay (1 #ce et seq41 #dj et seq41 #bae et seq41 #bef1 #cfd ,mo!rhood degrad$1 #ce et seq41 #dj et seq41 #ii-ajb1 #ajg1 #abc1 #ahb1 #bad1 #bag1 #bbc-bbe1 #cdg ,mo!rhood1 ,enlight5$1 #cc1 #aha1 #cfj1 #cgd1 #cgg ,mo!rhood1 ,heal?y1 #dj-dd1 #ej ,mo!rhood1 ,sav+ (1 #cd1 #eb-ec1 #ahe-ahf ,mo!rhood1 ,%irk+ (1 #cef ,mo!rhood1 ,"s wom5 unsuit$ =1 #bba-bbb1 #bbc-bbe ,"m-in/9ct4 7,see ,mat]nal in/9ct47 ,"m-"r1 #aed4 7,see also ,matri>*ate47 ,mo!rs injur$ ?r\gh "w1 #dj-da1 #ced ,mo!rs1 ,neglectful1 #ff1 #hg-hh1 #ii-ajb1 #ajg-ajh ,"m-woman1 #bba et seq4 ,munition work]s1 #df-ec1 #bdj ,n ,n]v\s en]gy1 ,importance (1 = wom51 #ej-eb1 #cec et seq4 ,ne/mak+1 #fe1 #fg1 #gi1 #hj1 #hb1 #hd1 #ij1 #ia1 #ajb1 #ajg-ajh ,new g5]ation ( "y wom51 #cea-ceb ,newts1 #he ,nogu*i1 #bhg ,nurs+ (fspr+4 7,see ,fe$+ (fspr+47 ,o ,obsessions1 #caf ,(fspr+ c>$ = by fa!r4 7,see ,fa!rs1 ,devot$47 ,o/ri*1 #ajc ,p ,p>5t hung]1 #aac-aad1 #bad ,p>5tal conduct4 7,see ,intellig5ce1 ,connection betwe5 c>+ = "y47 ,p>5tal conduct dep5d5t on ! sexual appetite1 #ajb1 #bba et seq41 #cfh ,p>5tal duties1 ,neglect (1 weak5s family1 #ajg ,p>5tal in/9ct1 #cd1 #fj1 #fa1 #fb1 #gj1 #ha1 #ia1 #id et seq41 #aje1 #ajf1 #acj1 #aif1 #bad1 #bba1 #cfh ,p>5tal in/9ct1 ,div]sity (1 #fb1 #id1 #ii1 #acb1 #acd ,p>5tal in/9ct n fix$ 9 ! "m1 #gi1 #hi1 #ii-ajb1 #acj1 #ahd1 #bbc ,p>5tal in/9ct1 ,/r5g? ( !1 dep5d5t on expression1 #id1 #ace1 #aif ,p>5tal sacrifice1 #fc1 #fd-fe1 #ff1 #gj-gc1 #ajc et seq41 #ajf1 #bba ,p>5tal sacrifice m common ) "m ?an fa!r1 #ff1 #aga-agc1 #ahe ,p>5?ood1 ,diff]5ce betwe5 human & pre-human1 #fa1 #acj ,p>5?ood1 ,pre-human1 #cd1 #cg1 #acj1 #ace ,p>5ts1 ,bad1 #ajg1 #ahb-ahc1 #bba et seq4 ,pat]nal in/9ct4 7,see ,fa!rs1 ,devot$47 ,patri>*al family1 #fh-fi1 #abg1 #adc et seq41 #aej1 #aef et seq41 #aff1 #aga-agc1 #ahe ,patri>*al family4 7,see ,advantages (47 #aeg-aei1 #agj1 #agc1 #ahe1 #aia et seq41 #bjc ,paul1 ,jean1 #cjf ,p5ang1 ,highl&]s ( ,sumatra1 #ahj ,p5gu9s1 #aji-aad1 #aha ,phal>opes1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #bbd ,pleasure factor 9 love1 #bba1 #bbb ,polygamy1 #aed1 #aic-aie ,polygamy connect$ ) desire = (fspr+1 #hg1 #hh1 #adh ,polygam\s fa!rs1 #aja1 #ajh-aji1 #abd et seq41 #abf1 #abg1 #acc ,polygamy1 ,legalis$1 #aia1 #aie1 #bac ,poly&r\s mo!rs1 #aja1 #acc1 #bbc ,poly&ry1 #aed-aee ,position ( ! fa!r "u matri>*y1 #aea1 #aia ,position ( ! "m "u patri>*y1 #aga-agb1 #aib ,primitive human family1 #ada-aei ,problem ( education4 7,see ,education47 ,production1 ,prodigality (1 #hb1 #abc ,pr(ligacy1 #aic1 #bjb1 #baj1 #bae1 #bcj1 #bha1 #cdc ,pro/itute1 ,! natural1 #bba ,pro/itution1 #bcj1 #bci1 #bej1 #beb1 #bhe-bhf1 #cjf ,prud]y1 #dh1 #cjh1 #ceg ,pruri5ce1 #cjh1 #cji1 #cbj ,psalmi/ on bless+s ( home1 #cgf-cgg ,psy*ological mean+ ( ! comb9ation ( man & woman1 #cca-ccb ,pueblos ( ,new ,mexico1 #ahj ,puritan views ( sex1 #bah1 #cdf ,purpose1 ,wom5's want (1 #ahj1 #bij ,pycraft1 #fh1 #hj1 #hb1 #hd1 #hi1 #ij1 #ib1 #aja1 #ajd1 #ajf ,py?on "m1 #hj ,r ,race-protect+ in/9ct1 #bb ,racial duty1 #ajb1 #age1 #bjb1 #bad1 #bfb et seq41 #bfe1 #bhe et seq41 #ced1 #cgd-cgg ,rem$y1 ,!1 #cea-cgg ,repression1 ,dang]s (1 #ba1 #bjb1 #bfa1 #cag1 #cci1 #cdj1 #cee1 #cgc ,reptile p>5ts1 #fc1 #gi-hf ,response to life1 ,dead5+ ( !1 #cea et seq4 ,rod5ts1 #abi ,romance1 ,dang]s (1 = girls1 #bie1 #cch1 #cff ,r\sseau1 #cjf ,s ,sacrifice1 ,woman's obligation (1 #ae1 #abi1 #ade1 #cgf ,salam&] p>5ts1 #he ,salzmann1 #cjf ,sav+ ( infant life4 7,see ,*ild welf>e47 ,s*>lieb1 ,dr4 ,m>y1 #cee ,s*neid]1 #ia ,s*ools = girls1 #ce1 #ccd1 #cda1 #cfb1 #cgj ,s*ools1 ,special adolesc5t1 #cfc-cga ,second>y sexual *>act]s1 #gc1 #hd1 #acd ,secret sexual relation%ips1 #bbi-bed ,s$uction1 #bfi ,self-ass]tion ! mod]n disease1 #ag et seq41 #aga1 #bda et seq41 #ceb ,s]vants1 ,dang] (1 ) boys1 #caa1 #cab ,sex antagonism1 #bdb1 #cca1 #cdc ,sex1 ,fe> (1 #cjg1 #cjh et seq41 #cac1 #cae1 #cbj1 #cbd-cbf1 #cbi1 #cca1 #cci1 #cdc1 #cdf1 #ceg1 #cfb1 #cgc1 #cge ,sex hung]1 #ajj1 #aja1 #adf1 #bja1 #bac1 #bae1 #bcb ,sex1 ,importance (1 #ii1 #agb1 #bac1 #bae1 #bca1 #bcb1 #bce1 #bcf ,sex ne$s1 #bcb et seq41 #bcd-bce1 #bea ,sex1 ,rev]5ce =1 #cbf ,sex1 ,unceas+ action (1 #cfb ,sexes1 ,diff]5ces betwe51 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #bg1 #fj1 #gc1 #ade1 #ahi1 #bcd-bce1 #cca-ccb1 #cdb1 #cff1 #cfh ,sexes1 ,disproportion 9 numb]s (1 #bcj1 #bde1 #cea ,sexual ab/95ce1 #bcb1 #bcf4 7,see ,celibacy47 ,sexual an/hesia1 #cdb ,sexual association4 7,see ,m>riage1 ,v>i\s =ms (47 ,sexual contra/1 #aii1 #bca ,sexual diseases4 7,see ,v5]eal diseases47 ,sexual di%>monies1 #aig1 #bce1 #bci1 #cag1 #cci1 #cde1 #cdf ,sexual education1 ,! *ild's1 #bhi1 #cje-cbf1 #cfg ,sexual education1 ,! girl's1 #bfh1 #bij1 #bid1 #cbi-cdf1 #cff et seq4 ,sexual fri5d%ips1 #aih1 #bcj et seq41 #bch1 #bdi-bee4 7,see also ,sexual relation%ips1 ,irregul>47 ,sexual happ9ess1 #aie1 #bbi1 #bej1 #cce1 #cdb1 #ced ,sexual heal?1 #bce1 #bhe et seq41 #caf1 #cbi1 #cce1 #cfb1 #cfe ,sexual ignorance1 #db-dc1 #aii1 #bbj1 #bbb1 #bcb1 #bdc1 #bfj1 #bfh1 #cje-cgg ,sexual impulse1 #bad1 #cjf1 #ccj1 #ccc et seq41 #cde-cdg1 #cfh ,sexual life1 ,lib]ation f1 #afh1 #bja ,sexual life1 ,neglect (1 #cd1 #dg-dh1 #bja1 #bab1 #bac1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bij1 #bih1 #ccj et seq41 #cdb1 #cfb-cfc1 #cfh-cfi ,sexual nature1 ,woman's1 #ah1 #aii1 #bba1 #bbd1 #bcd-bcf1 #bci1 #bih1 #cda1 #cec1 #ceg et seq4 ,sexual relation%ips1 ,irregul>1 #cd1 #aic1 #aie1 #bjb1 #baj-baa1 #bac1 #bbi-bed1 #beg1 #bfj1 #bhe1 #ceg ,sexual relation%ip n a private matt]1 #bcg et seq4 ,sexual relation%ips1 ,op5 decl>ation (1 #bcg et seq41 #bdi-bed1 #beg ,sexual sacrifice1 #big ,sexual s91 ,man's responsibility =1 #bib et seq4 ,sexual sup]iority1 #adi1 #aii1 #bdd1 #caa ,sexual trans=mation1 #hf-hi1 #ii-ajb1 #acd1 #ccc1 #ccd1 #ced ,%aw1 ,b]n>d1 #afg ,sir5 type ( woman1 #bba et seq41 #bbd-bbe ,social colonies1 #fh et seq41 #aji4 7,see also ,communal clan47 ,sociability dep5d5t on weakness1 #abg ,species :]e "y are t5d$ by ! fa!r4 7,see ,rev]sal 9 ! family duties47 ,/ability ( ! home1 #afe1 #agi ,/&>d ( conduct1 #cdd ,/]ile unions1 #bdi ,/icklebacks1 ,devot$ fa!rs among1 #hf-hi1 #id1 #aji ,/icklebacks1 ,unnatural mo!rs among1 #hg-hh1 #id ,/ill-bir?s1 #cf1 #de1 #bfb ,suffrage m>tyrs1 #be ,suffrage movem5t1 #ac-bh ,syphilis1 #bgb1 #bhg4 7,see also ,v5]eal diseases47 ,t ,taboos1 ,sexual1 #aej1 #cca ,tadpoles1 #hb1 #hd ,t]mites4 7,see ,ants47 ,?omson1 ,j4 ,ar?ur1 #gj1 #hi ,toads1 #hc ,totem m>ks1 #aej ,u ,unconsci\s1 ,!1 #bce1 #cci-cdj1 #cdf1 #ced ,union1 ,=m (1 betwe5 ! sexes1 #fb1 #gc-gd1 #acc4 7,see also ,sexual relation%ips1 ,irregul>47 ,unm>ri$ "m4 7,see ,"m1 ,! unm>ri$47 ,urban life1 ,effect on mo!rhood1 #cg et seq4 ,v ,v>iability ( ! male1 #aba ,v5]eal diseases1 #bjj1 #bac1 #bej1 #bgb1 #bhe-cjj ,v5]eal diseases1 ,commission1 #bhf-bib1 #cjh ,v5]eal diseases1 ,dang]s ( secrecy1 #bhf1 #bhh1 #bib et seq4 ,v5]eal diseases1 ,woman's responsibility =1 #bib-cjj ,visit+-husb&s1 #aej1 #aea1 #bde ,voeltzk[1 #hj ,votes = wom51 #aig4 7,see also ,suffrage movem5t47 ,w ,wage-e>n+ woman1 ,! ideal1 #agj1 #bda et seq41 #bdf1 #cgc ,wallace1 ,r41 #ajj ,w> z impetus to action1 #ca1 #bdg1 #beh1 #bfc1 #cga1 #cge ,w>1 ,effect (1 on woman's position1 #ad-ag1 #bf-bh1 #ca et seq41 #df et seq41 #agd1 #agi et seq41 #bab1 #bda et seq41 #bdd-bdg1 #bea1 #cea1 #cee ,w>1 ,! ,great1 #ad1 #bf1 #bg-bh1 #ca et seq41 #bdg1 #bia1 #cge ,wasps1 ,social1 #fi ,wass]man1 #bhg ,wa/age ( life f w>1 #cb1 #cf1 #bab1 #bde1 #bdg1 #beh1 #bfc1 #cga ,wa/e1 ,! s9 (1 #ca1 #cf et seq41 #ea1 #ei1 #age1 #bab1 #beh1 #bfe1 #bgj ,w$ek9d1 ,frank1 #cje ,wells1 ,h4 ,g41 #ch1 #afg1 #afh ,wife1 ,coldness (1 #bif1 #cdb-cdc1 #cdd ,wilson1 ,dr4 ,ed4 ,a41 #aaj1 #aad ,woman1 ,"* (1 #ahi et seq41 #aia1 #bae et seq41 #bcd1 #bdj1 #cde ,woman1 ,des]tion ( !1 #bea-bfj ,woman1 ,entru/$ ) life's supreme mission1 #cgd et seq4 ,woman1 ,mat]nal type (1 #bfg et seq4 ,woman1 ,! dome/icator ( man1 #aej et seq4 ,woman's attitude to life1 #cgc et seq4 ,woman's dem& to live h] own life1 #ah1 #ba1 #agb1 #agi1 #baf1 #cea-cec ,woman's movem5t1 ,!1 #ah et seq41 #bg-bh ,woman's p[] ov] man1 #aij-aia1 #cdd1 #cgg ,woman's position 9 ! primitive family1 #ade-adi ,woman's prim>y qualities1 #fj1 #agi1 #cde et seq4 ,woman's und]valuation ( h]self1 #ai1 #bh1 #aij1 #bja1 #cce1 #cde1 #ceb ,wom5 & ,fre$om1 #afh1 #cge et seq4 ,wom51 ,! desire (1 #bjc1 #baj1 #bda1 #bdc et seq41 #bdd1 #bdf1 #ced1 #cgb1 #cgc1 #cgd1 #cgf ,wom51 ,types (1 #bba-bbe ,wom51 ,unsatisfi$1 #cea ,wom5's ,co-op]ative ,guild 7mat]nity lett]s71 #dj-dd ,wom5's desire = excitem5t1 #ai1 #ba et seq41 #bh ,wom5's ne$ = exp]i5ce1 #ai1 #ba-bc1 #bg-bh ,"w & wom51 #ae1 #ag1 #ah1 #bh1 #ce1 #dj et seq41 #df et seq41 #ea1 #agj1 #agd et seq41 #agi1 #bdj et seq41 #cdh1 #cgb ,"w1 ,bad conditions (1 #dj et seq41 #age1 #beh1 #ceb-ced ,work]s1 ,munition1 #df-eb1 #bdj ,y ,y\?1 ,importance (1 #abb-abc1 #cfa4 7,see also ,sexual education47 ,y\?1 ,our s9s t[>ds1 #bij1 #cje1 #cjf1 #cde-cdg1 #cfa1 #cgd et seq4