,,adv]tisem5ts4 ,m&] ,bro!rs1 ,wolv]hampton1 ,,are ,,exp]ts ,,9 ,,dipp+ ,,& ,,spray+ ,,pa9ts4 ,indu/rial ,pa9ts & ,v>ni%es ,,bru%+ ,,dipp+ ,,spray+ ,,fl[+ ,,tumbl+ ,,dry+ ,we specialise 9 all ,pa9ts1 ,enamels1 ,japans1 ,lacqu]s1 ,v>ni%es & o!r mat]ials = ! protection & decoration ( ,indu/rial ,products ( all k9ds4 ,our cli5ts comprise ( ! pr9cipal ,manufactur]s 9 all ,trades1 & ! s]vice we are r5d]+ to !m is ready1 will+ & capable ( c>+ = y\r requirem5ts4 ,exp]im5tal & ,rese>* ,laboratories are ma9ta9$ to assi/ ! solution ( any problem1 :il/ !re is a weal? ( practical exp]i5ce to draw ^u :5 y consult ,,p9*91 ,,johnson ,co41 ,ltd4 ,pa9t1 ,v>ni%1 ,color ,enamel ,manufactur]s ,m9]va ,h\se1 ,bevis ,m>ks1 ,london1 ,e4,c4 ,,telegrams ,,p9*91 ,,ald1 ,,london4 ,,telephone ,,av5ue #iaj 7#c l9es7 ,,e/abli%$ #ahcd ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,imm]sion ,,& ,,by ,,compress$ ,,air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,automatic ,,f9i%+ ,,( ,,pianos4 ,,l[]+ ,,! ,,load$ ,,c>ri] ,,into ,,! ,,v>ni% ,,tank4 ,frontispiece4 ,pa9t+ by ,imm]sion & by ,compress$ ,air4 ,a ,,practical ,,h&book ,,by ,,ar?ur ,,seym\r ,,j5n+s1 ,f4,i4,b4,d41 ,editor ( ,! ,decorator & ! ,! ,decorator ,s]ies ( ,practical ,h&books1 ,au?or ( ,comm]cial ,pa9ts & ,pa9t+1 ,pa9t & ,col\r ,mix+1 ,! ,pa9t]s' ,pocket ,book1 ,h\se ,pa9t+ & ,decorat+1 etc41 etc4 ,memb] ( ! ,pa9t & ,v>ni% ,society1 ,! ,int]national ,society = ,te/+ ,mat]ials1 etc4 ,exam9] 9 ,pa9t]s' & ,decorators' ,"w to ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute4 ,) #aej ,illu/rations4 ,london3 ,,(fices ,,( ,,! ,,manag+ ,,eng9e]1 #ic #id1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,w4,c4 ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 ,,ltd41 #eg1 ,,haym>ket1 ,,london1 ,s4,w4 ,new ,york3 ,,spon ,,*amb]la94 #abc1 ,,lib]ty ,,/reet #aiae ,,preface4 ,9 _m indu/ries ! application ( pa9t = pres]vative or ornam5tal purposes is imp]ative & ! item ( exp5diture is an important "o4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce to prove t ! application ( pa9t1 ei!r by means ( dipp+1 spray+ or o!r me*anical means1 effects an enorm\s sav+ ( "t ov] ! old me?od ( us+ bru%es1 :ile ! coats ( pa9t are m durable & ?or\gh4 ,?is sav+ ( "t n only l[]s ! co/ ( production to a v consid]able ext5t1 b x p]mits ( a l>ge increase 9 ! output4 ,! process ( fl[+-on enamels & v>ni%es describ$ 9 ! foll[+ pages effects an ev5 great] sav+ ( "t 9 ^? cases :]e x is applicable4 ,! ext5t ( ?is sav+ c be judg$ by ! fact t a complete coat ( enamel c be giv5 to ! body ( a f\r-seat$ t\r+ c> 9 ! almo/ incr$ibly %ort "t ( two m9utes6 ,^! processes are us$ to a v l>ge ext5t 9 _m indu/ries1 p>ticul>ly ^? connect$ ) metal "w & eng9e]+4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica & 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,cont95t !y h rea*$ a high degree ( p]fection4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 ! adoption ( ! me?ods is rapidly increas+4 ,x is hop$ t ?is book w be f\nd ( s]vice to manufactur]s :o desire to asc]ta9 :e!r ! processes c be economically employ$ 9 _! p>ticul> indu/ry or to ^? :o contemplate putt+ 9 a plant = ! purpose4 ,x %\ld also be helpful to ^? :o h n be5 v successful ) a trial plant or :o desire to br+ an exi/+ plant fully up-to-date 9 its equipm5t4 ,& x %\ld be said at once t ! few cases ( failure :i* h come to ! notice ( ! au?or h be5 f\nd on inve/igation to be due ei!r to ! use ( pa9t unsuitable = ! purpose or ! adoption ( a plant :i* is unfitt$ = ! object aim$ at4 ,?ree examples may be giv54 ,9 "o small ca/+s 7 dipp$ 9 black pa9t1 b x 0 f\nd t te>s1 or runs ( pa9t :i* did n dry prop]ly1 (t5 occurr$4 ,"h1 cle>ly1 ! pa9t 0 at fault4 ,x 0 too ?ick = ! purpose & did n dry h>d quickly en\gh4 ,! rem$y 0 obvi\s4 ,9 ano!r case iron casem5ts 7 dipp$ horizontally 9 a %all[ pa9t tank & ! "t involv$ 9 l[]+ !m to obta9 a complete imm]sion 0 consid]able4 ,9 ?is case ! %ape & size ( ! tank 7 n suitable4 ,x %\ld h be5 deep & n>r[1 s t ! casem5ts c\ld be dipp$ v]tically4 ,! idea t ! pa9t w\ld settle out if a deep tank 7 us$ 0 %[n to be errone\s4 ,9 a ?ird case spray+ _h be5 tri$ = coat+ metal casem5ts1 :5 x 0 f\nd t ! sav+ effect$ 9 "t 0 m ?an c\nt]-balanc$ by ! wa/e ( pa9t4 ,( c\rse1 spray+ 0 n suitable = a job ( ?is k9d1 ! surface to be cov]$ be+ s v n>r[4 ,su* "w is done mo/ successfully by dipp+4 ,! degree ( p]fection to :i* ! process ( dipp+ has be5 c>ri$ 9 ,am]ica is indicat$ by ! fact t x is l>gely employ$ = piano cases & _m o!r articles requir+ a p]fect v>ni% f9i%4 ,?is process is fully describ$ 9 ^! pages & has be5 successfully c>ri$ on = "s ye>s4 ,?is fact demon/rates v cle>ly ! possibilities ( pa9t+ & v>ni%+ by imm]sion4 ,all ! pr9cipal appliances us$ = spray+ pa9t1 lacqu]1 enamel1 v>ni% & simil> liquids h be5 describ$ at l5g?1 b no attempt has be5 made to prove t any "o appliance is sup]ior to ano!r4 ,! details ( ea* app>atus are giv51 & = ! conv5i5ce ( ! read]1 ! manufactur]'s "n & address4 ,x is sugge/$ t ^? :o contemplate ! adoption ( pa9t dipp+1 or spray+1 %\ld get into t\* ) all ^! firms1 & c>efully inve/igate _! respective m]its be=e com+ to a decision4 ,! s]vices ( an exp]t w usually be f\nd desirable1 =1 al?\gh 9 eng9e]+ works mu* ( ! necess>y app>atus & accessories may be made on ! premises1 ! exact details1 su* z ! k9d ( pa9t & ! exact design suitable = ! p>ticul> purpose1 are l>gely matt]s to be decid$ ^u 9 ! light ( exp]i5ce4 ,,ar?ur ,s4 ,,j5n+s4 #cfe1 ,birkbeck ,bank ,*amb]s1 ,high ,holborn1 ,w4,c4 ,augu/1 #aiae4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,introduction4 ,increase 9 ! ,use ( ,pa9t+ by ,dipp+ & ,spray+--,! ,rem>kable ,sav+ ( ,"t ,effect$--,! ,durability ,equal to ,bru% ,pa9t+--,scope ( ! ,subject--,:itewa%+ ,ma*9es--,co/ ( ,spray+ ,plant--,dipp+ ,plant may be v ,simple--,li/ ( ! ,pr9cipal ,products to :i* ,pa9t ,spray+ is ,appli$ #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,imm]sion4 ,an old ,idea l>gely ,develop$ 9 ,rec5t ,ye>s--,simple ,=ms ( ,pa9t ,dipp+--,pa9t+ ,v>ni% ,cans--,l>g] ,plants--,! ,tank--,! ,agitators--,mc,lennan ,pat5t--,pa9t ,pro( ,ge> ,box--,?ree ,tank ,plant = ,diff]5t ,col\rs--,! ,rails & ,hang+ ,app>atus--,hang+ ,articles aft] !y are ,pa9t$--,hoi/s--,simple ,crabs & ,lift+ ,ge>--,pneumatic ,hoi/--,electrical ,hoi/--,trolley ,hoi/--,! ,numb] ( ,coats ( ,pa9t--,advantages ( ! ,dipp+ ,process--,protect+ ,p>ts n to be ,pa9t$--,prep>+ ,woodwork be=e ,pa9t+--,fill] = ,iron--,/opp+ ,holes 9 ,woodwork--,rubb+ ,d[n #g ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,requirem5ts ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,trades4 ,b$/eads--,collapsible ,gates--,dipp+ ,sew+ ,ma*9e ,p>ts--,iron ,rods--,iron ,w9d[ ,frames or ,casem5ts--,metal ,furniture--,motor ,p>ts 7,metal7--,automatic ,f9i%+ ( ,pianos--,! ,/&>d ,hydraulic ,imm]sion ,sy/em--,:eels--,"s ,typical ,plants--,c>riage ,dep>tm5t1 ,woolwi* ,ars5al--,james ,gibbons--,h>rison1 ,mc,gregor ,co4--,phillips ,son--,! ,=d ,motor ,company--,m>%all1 ,sons ,co41 ,ltd4--,hayw>d ,bros4 ,eck/e91 ,ltd4--,! ,crittall ,manufactur+ ,co4--,exclud+ ,du/--,heat+ & ,v5tilation ( ,dry+ ,room--,a ,model ,dry+ ,room #cc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pa9t ,,= ,,dipp+4 ,! ,requirem5ts ( a ,good ,dipp+ ,pa9t--,specific ,gravity ( ,pigm5ts--,:ite ,dipp+ ,pa9t--,gloss ,pa9t--,w4 ,g4 ,scott on ,dipp+ ,pa9ts--,proportion ( ,pa/e & ,?9n]s--,asbe/9e --,*9a ,clay--,:it+--,z9c ,oxide--,in]t ,mat]ials--,prim]s = ,metal--,prim]s = ,h>d & ,s(t ,woods--,second ,coat ,dipp+ ,pa9ts--,:ite ,pa/e ,prim]--,:ite ,dip = ,metals--,:ite ,dip = ,h>d ,wood--,:ite ,dip = ,s(t ,wood--,:ite ,_s--,quantity ( ,pa9t ,requir$ = ,dipp+ & ,spray+--,spread+ ,capacity ( ,pa9ts #gj ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,compress$ ,,air4 ,! ,evolution ( ! ,app>atus ,employ$--,e>ly ,attempts--,! ,conc5tric ,=m ( ,spray--,its ,advantages--,! ,fl[ ( ,pa9t--,practice ,necess>y--,co/ ( ,plant--,pressure & ,volume ( ,air ,requir$ #gh ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,types ,,( ,,spray+ ,,app>atus4 ,! ,a]ograph--,electric ,motor ,outfit--,pa9t+ a ,gasomet]--,small ,a]ograph--,! ,a]on--,uni=mity ( ,coats--,cup ,a]on--,air ,trans=m]--,! ,airo/yle--,con/ruction--,ultra type--,pi/ol ,m--,! ,eureka ,spray+ ,ma*9e--,! ,crane ,eureka--,! ,crane ,record--,! ,inv9cible--,type ,e--,arti/s' ,type--,! ,midl& ,spray]--,! ,paas*e ,spray]--,l>g] ,size--,oil & ,wat] ,sep>ator--,automatic ,electric ,controll] #ha ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,supply ,,( ,,compress$ ,,air--,,pa9t ,,supply--,,exhau/4 ,type ( ,compressor--,air ,ma9--,air ,valves--,purify+ ,air--,small ,compressors--,wat] ,cool+--,air ,pump & ,tank ,comb9$--,g5]al ,arrangem5t ( ,accessories--,! ,supply ( ,pa9t--,! ,exhau/ ,in/allation--,c5tral ,draught ,fan--,location ( ,"w ,cab9ets--,! ,fumex] ,spray+ ,cab9et--,accessories --,turn-tables1 ,auto--,electric ,air ,heat] #aac ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,/5cils ,,& ,,masks--,,! ,,requirem5ts ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,trades ,,9 ,,spray+4 ,protect+ p>ts n to be ,spray$--,masks = ,gas ,met]s--,! ,h>t ,pat5t ,mask--,mak+ ,/5cils--,/5cil ,pap]--,f\r-ounce ,/5cil ,metal--,z9c ,/5cils--,requirem5ts ( ,special ,trades--,piece ,"w--,bookb9d+--,c>riages--,cycle ,p>ts--,electrical ,"w--,fancy ,baskets--,gas ,met]s--,gas ,/oves & ,ranges--,picture ,frames1 ,picture ,m\ld+s1 etc4--,celluloid ,v>ni%--,spray+ ,%ips' ,hulls--,slate ,enamell+--,spray+ ,col\r ,specim5s--,tramc>s #ada ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,"s ,,typical ,,plants4 ,plant = ,twelve ,op]ators--,! ,birm+ham ,small ,arms ,co4--,airo/yle ,plant = ,sixte5 ,op]ators--,! ,davis ,gas ,/ove ,co41 ,ltd4--,flet*]1 ,russell ,co41 ,ltd4--,special ,ma*9es --,gitt+s1 ,hills & ,boo?by1 ,ltd4--,! ,k+sbury ,manufactur+ ,co41 ,ltd4--,j4 ,lucas1 ,ltd4--,! ,gas ,light & ,coke ,co41 ,ltd4--,! ,gas ,met] ,co41 ,ltd #aeh ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,pa9ts1 ,,lacqu]s1 ,,v>ni%es1 ,,etc41 ,,us$ ,,9 ,,spray+4 ,temp]ature ( ,spray+ ,room--,f9e ,pa9t mu/ be us$--,firms :o ,specialize on ,dipp+ & ,spray+ ,pa9ts1 etc4--,/ov+ ,enamels--,enamels--,h9ts on ,/ov+ or ,bak+--,black ,japan ,f9i%es--,/eel ,furniture ,enamels--,imitation ,wood ,effects--,:ite ,"w--,b$/eads1 etc4--,transp>5t ,col\r ,v>ni%es--,safe ,bak+ ,heats ( ,pigm5t ,col\rs--,dipp+ & ,spray+ ,comp>$ #agg ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,spray+ ,,v]sus ,,bru%+4 ,comp>ison ) ,bru% ,pa9t+--,bronz+ ) ,celluloid ,m$ium--,objections ,sometimes ,urg$ ,aga9/ ,spray+---,mottl$ ,appe>ance ( ,pa9t & h[ ,avoid$--,spray+ ,fill]s & ,prim]s--,spray+ & ,dipp+ ,comp>$--,! ,great ,sav+ ,effect$ #aic ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,application ,,( ,,pa9t ,,spray+4 ,arti/ic ,"w--,l9+ on ,motors & ,c>riages--,relief ,"w --,scumbl+ & ,col\r ,glaz+--,glaz+--,designs = ,lamp ,%ades--,r$s--,blues--,yell[s--,gre5s--, br[ns--,greys--,scumbl+ & ,gra9+--,bru% ,gra9+--,m>ble ,gr\nds--,gra9+ ,gr\nds #bja ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,fl[+-,,on ,,sy/em4 ,! ,late/ ,me?od ( ,f9i%+ ,automobiles--,rem>kable ,spe$ ( ! ,me?od--,! ,app>atus--,tr\gh ,tank us$ 9 ! ,process--,! ,k9d ( ,pa9t or ,japan ,us$--,! ,floco ,process --,pa9t+ ,motor ,bodies--,description ( ,mod]n ,enamell+ ,ov5s = ,motor ,bodies--,notes on ! ,con/ruction ( ,/oves--,! ,p]k9s' ,/ove--,typical ,goodye> ,/ove--,dipp+ ,tr\gh #baf ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,lime ,,& ,,:itewa% ,,spray]s4 ,p]iodical ,:itewa%+ 9 ,work%ops ,compulsory--,! ,wells ,spray]--,lime:it+ by ,ma*9e ) #h-;foot ,bamboo ,pole--,! ,br[n ,spray]--,! ,m]rywea!r ,spray]--,! ,tumbl+ ,b>rel ,process #bdc ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,a ,,portable ,,pa9t ,,spray] ,,= ,,railway ,,& ,,o!r ,,"w4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,sy/em--fa9t+ ,freight ,c>s--,description ( ,app>atus--,plan & ,elevation--,detail ,draw+s #bej ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,metal ,,spray+4 ,description ( ! ,process--,! ,imm5se ,field = x--,! ,metal ,spray+ ,pi/ol--,detail ,draw+s ( ,pi/ol--,sectional ,draw+--,diagrammatic ,repres5tation ( ,melt+ & ,spray+ ,jets 9 ,action--,spray+ ,alloys--,co/ ( ! ,process #bee ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,page ,,frontispiece ,automatic ,f9i%+ ( ,pianos ,fig4 #a4 ,section ?r\gh ,pa9t ,tank #h #b4 ,/irr]s & ,bl9ds = ,pa9t ,dipp+ ,tank #aj #c4 ,longitud9al ,v]tical ,section #aj #d4 ,tank = ,pa9t+ ,/eel ,%eets #ab #e4 ,pa9t-,pro( ,be>+s & ,ge> ,box #ac #f4 ,%aft+ & ,driv+ ,ge> ,design$ = ,implem5ts #ad #g4 ,triple-tank plant #ae #h4 ,joi/ & ,:eels support+ ,hang] #af #i4 ,hook = ,hang+ #ag #aj to #ad4 ,hoi/s & ,crabs #ah #ae4 ,typical ,hoi/ = ,pa9t+ by ,imm]sion #ai #af4 ,morris ,/&>d ,electric ,trolley ,hoi/ #bc #ag4 ,electric ,hoi/ ,suitable = ,heavy ,goods #bg #ah4 ,spray$ ,%[ ,c>d #cj #ai4 ,dipp+ & ,/ov+ ,b$/eads #ca #bj4 ,imm]s+ ,mangle ,frames #ce #ba4 ,iron ,hang] #ch #bb4 ,c>ri] fill$ ) ,six ,complete ,pianos #ci #bc4 ,introductory ,c>ri] = ,piano ,frame #dc #bd4 ,l[]+ ,piano ,cases into ! ,v>ni% ,tank #dg #be4 ,piano ,cases ne>ly ,imm]s$ #di #bf4 ,piano ,cases :olly ,imm]s$ #ea #bg4 ,piano ,cases ab\t to be ,dipp$ #ec #bh4 ,coa* ,body ready to be ,dipp$ #ee #bi4 ,pa9t ,dipp+ ,room at ,woolwi* #ee #cj4 ,/ore ,room1 ,woolwi* #fa #ca4 ,dipp+ ,casem5ts at ! ,crittall ,manufactur+ ,co4 #fa #cb4 ,hook = ,susp5d+ ,boxes #fd #cc4 ,dipp+ ,casem5ts at ,bra9tree #fe #cd4 ,design = ,%[ ,c>d done by ,spray+ #fi #ce4 ,! ,a]ograph ,spray+ ,in/rum5t #ha #cf4 ,ano!r =m ( ,a]ograph #hb #cg4 ,a]ograph ,electric ,motor ,outfit #hc #ch4 ,pa9t+ a ,gasomet] #hc #ci4 ,a]ograph = ,delicate ,"w #he #dj4 ,! ,a]on ,spray] #hi #da4 7angle b>rel7 #hi #db4 ) agitator #hi #dc4 ) d\ble nozzle head #hi #dd4 ,! ,g ,a]on ,spray]1 ) d\ble nozzle head #hi #de4 ,! ,g ,a]on ,spray]1 ) atta*m5ts #ia #df4 ,! ,g ,a]on ,spray]1 ) p>ts disassembl$ #ia #dg4 ,! ,g ,a]on ,spray] #ia #dh4 ,! ,m ,a]on ,spray] #ie #di4 ,! ,m ,a]on ,spray]1 ) ,types ,l ,m #ie #ej4 ,block & ,tackle #ie #ea4 ,/&>d ,tackle #ie #eb4 ,air ,trans=m] ,set #ie #ec4 ,air ,trans=m] #ie #ed4 ,section %[+ ,con/ruction ( ,airo/yle #ih #ee4 ,airo/yle ,type ,record ) union = cont9u\s supply #ii #ef4 ,airo/yle ,type ,ultra #aja #eg4 ,pi/ol ,m #ajb #eh4 ,! ,crane ,eureka #ajc #ei4 ,record #ajd #fj4 ,! ,inv9cible ,spray] #aje #fa4 ) adju/able cup #aje #fe4 ,! ,midl& ,spray] #ajh #ff4 ,! ,paas*e ,spray] #aji #fg4 ,l>g] ,paas*e ,spray] #aaj #fh4 ,g5]al =m ( ,paas*e ,spray] #aaa #fi4 ,paas*e ,oil & ,wat] ,sep>ator #aaa #gj4 ,paas*e ,automatic ,electric ,controll] #aaa #ga4 ,airo/yle ,air ,compressor #aae #gb4 ,de,vilbiss ,air ,compressors #aae #gc4 #aae #gd4 #aae #ge4 ,a]ograph ,air ,pumps & ,tank ,comb9$ #aah #gf4 ,a]ograph ,type ( ,air ,pumps = ,l>g] ,in/allations #aai #gg4 ,airo/yle ,plant ,g5]al ,arrangem5t #aba #gh4 ,paas*e ,motor ,dry] ,fan #abd #gi4 ,airo/yle ,c5tral ,draught ,/eel ,plate ,fan #abe #hj4 ,de,vilbiss ,auto ,cool ,electric ,exhau/ ,fan clos$ & op5$ = clean+ #abe #ha4 ,sket* ( ,spray+ ,cab9ets #abg #hb4 ,a]ograph ,spray+ ,cab9ets #abh #hc4 ,de,vilbiss ,fumex] or ,spray+ ,cab9et #aca #hd4 #aca #he4 #aca #hf4 #aca #hg4 ,a]ograph ,turntable #acd #hh4 ,two =ms ( ,fumex] #ace #hi4 ,! ,fumex] 9 use #ace #ij4 ,a ,paas*e ,turntable #ace #ia4 ,auto ,electric ,air ,heat] #aci #ib4 ,masks = ,gas ,met] #adb #ic4 ,! ,h>t ,pat5t ,mask #adc #id4 ,b9 = ,spray+ ,light ,articles #adh #ie4 ,a]o/yle ,plant = sixte5 op]ators #aee #if4 ,airo/yle ,plant %[+ ,v5tilator #aee #ig4 ,side ,elevation ( ,plant = #ab op]ators #aeh #ih4 ,end ,elevation ( ,plant = #ab op]ators #aei #ii4 ,plan ( ,figs4 #hd & #he #afj #ajj4 ,airo/yle ,plant in/all$ = ,! ,davis ,gas ,/ove ,co41 ,ltd4 #afa #aja4 ,compressor1 etc41 = ,airo/yle ,plant #afe #ajb4 ,airo/yle ,plant in/all$ = ,gas ,fire & ,radiator ,"w #afe #ajc4 ,view f "o end ( ,messrs4 ,lucas1 ,ltd41 ,airo/yle ,plants #afi #ajd #aje4 ,airo/yle ,plant at ,messrs ,j4 ,lucas1 ,ltd4 #agc #ajf4 ,view ( ,racks & ,fan #age #ajg4 ,two ,bays ( "o ,unit #aha #ajh4 ,airo/yle ,plant in/all$ = ,! ,gas ,light & ,coke ,co41 ,ltd4 #aha #aji4 ,airo/yle ,plant in/all$ = ,! ,gas ,light & ,coke ,co41 ,ltd4 #ahe #aaj4 ,op]ator at ,"w #aic #aaa4 ,airo/yle ,plant %[+ ,v5tilator #aii #aab4 ,elevation ( ,spray+ ,plant #aii #aac4 ,elevation ( ,spray+ ,plant #bjj #aad4 ,plans ( ,figs4 #aab & #aac #bjj #aae4 ,designs = ,lamp ,%ades #bjc #aaf4 ,%[ ,c>d done by ,spray+ #bji #aag4 ,ano!r ,example #bji #aah4 ,%ad$ ,effects #bac #aai4 ,fruit ,di% decorat$ by ,spray+ #bag #abj4 ,table ,cov] #bai #aba4 ,tr\gh ,tank #bbb #abb4 ,floco ,sy/em ( ,pa9t+ ,motor ,bodies #bbd #abc #abd4 ,%[ ,c>d done by ,spray+ #bbe #bbi #abe4 ,design = ,%[ ,c>d #bcc #abf4 ,! ,p]k9s' ,/ove #bcf #abg4 ,typical ,goodye> ,/ove #bcg #abh4 ,dipp+ ,tr\gh #bch #abi4 ,%[ or ,m5u ,c>d #bci #acj4 ,example ( ,metal ,decoration #bda #aca #acb4 ,:itewa% ,spray] #bdd #acc #acd4 ,limewa%+ ) ,bamboo ,pole #bde #ace4 ,! ,br[n ,ext5sion ,spray] #bdf #acf4 ,! ,m]rywea!r ,lime:ite ,spray] #bdg #acg4 ,a ,tumbl+ ,b>rel #bdh #ach4 ,ano!r ,=m #bdh #aci4 ,pa9t ,spray] = ,freight ,c>s #beb #adj4 ,elevation ( above #bec #ada4 ,details ( above #bed #adb4 ,! ,metal ,spray+ ,pi/ol #bef #adc4 ,! ,metal ,spray] #beg #add4 ,sectional ,draw+ ( ,metal ,spray] #beh #ade4 ,diagrammatric ,repres5tation ( ,melt+ & ,spray+ ,jets 9 ,action #bei #adf4 ,spray$ ,decorative ,"w #bfa #adg4 ,%ad$ ,"w by ! ,a]ograph #bfc #adh4 ,%[ ,c>d1 ,spray$ #bfe #adi4 ,spray$ ,frieze #bfg ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introduction4 ,until rec5t ye>s1 x appe>s to h be5 g5]ally suppos$ t pa9t us$ = ei!r ! protection or ornam5tation ( v>i\s surfaces mu/ necess>ily be appli$ by means ( pa9t]s' bru%es made ( hog's bri/les4 ,b x has be5 cle>ly demon/rat$ dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s t ! application ( ! pa9t may be made by means ( ei!r total imm]sion ( ! article to be pa9t$ 9 a tank or by spray+ ! pa9t on to ! surface ) ! aid ( compress$ air4 ,! rapid increase 9 ! use ( bo? processes is pr9cipally due to ! imm5se sav+ ( "t :i* is effect$1 & ?is may be approximately e/imat$ at f five to n9e-t5?s4 ,9 o!r words1 "o man c d ! "w ( f five to t5 m51 or ev5 m4 ,to put x ano!r way1 if a piece ( "w co/s #bjs4 = lab\r 9 pa9t+ by ! old process1 x may be safely assum$ t x c be done by dipp+ or spray+ at a co/ ( f two to f\r %ill+s4 ,! "q w at once sugge/ itself3 ,is pa9t appli$ by dipp+ & spray+ z durable z t appli$ by ! bru%8 ,z ! pa9t 9 ! great] "p ( "w ( ?is "* is us$ solely = protective purposes1 ! "q is cle>ly "o ( consid]able importance4 ,! answ] to ! "q is t :5 prop]ly prep>$ pa9t is us$1 bo? me?ods give an equal1 or ev5 bett] result f ! po9t ( view ( durability ?an t :i* w\ld be obta9$ if a pa9t]'s bru% 0 employ$1 :ile1 9 ! case ( pa9t+ by imm]sion or by spray+1 ! pa9t f9ds its way into places :i* a bru% c\ld n rea*1 su* z op5 jo9ts ( a waggon1 ! intricate p>ts ( c]ta9 agricultural ma*9]y1 ! inside ( small metal boxes1 etc4 ,bo? me?ods are successfully employ$ 9 practically e bran* ( ! eng9e]+1 metal & _m o!r trades4 ,heavy /eel %eets may be dipp$ provid$ t adequate plant is employ$ = l[]+ & rais+ !m into ! tank1 or !y may be spray$ )\t mu* difficulty4 ,*ildr5's toys 7to take ! o!r extreme71 co/+ less ?an a p5ny ea*1 may also be economically pa9t$ by dipp+4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 any?+ l>ge or small :i* c be h&l$ or mov$ by lift+ ma*9]y or on a turn table1 c be pa9t$ by ei!r "o process or ! o!r4 ,= example1 a hundr$ or s ( v small iron ca/+s1 or wr\ght iron w>e1 may be plac$ 9 a wire basket & dipp$ toge!r 9 a few seconds1 or ! body ( a motor c>1 or p>ts ( a bicycle1 c be pa9t$ by spray+ 9 a fraction ( ! "t x w\ld take to d ! "w by means ( bru%es4 ,?us f> ! processes are n mu* us$ 9 h\se pa9t+1 except+ = ! fir/ or prim+ coat1 be=e ! "w is fix$ 9 position1 b c]ta9 types ( ! simpl] =m ( spray+ ma*9es are employ$ ) great advantage 9 apply+ lime :ite or :itewa% to r\gh walls ( factories1 etc4 ,9 ?is case1 a f> bett] job is produc$ 9 "o-t5? ( ! "t4 ,! :itewa%1 :5 spray$ on1 ent]s & cov]s ! op5 jo9ts & inequalities ( surface 9 a complete mann]1 :i* w\ld be impossible 7 a bru% us$4 ,on ! next page is a li/ ( "s ( ! pr9cipal purposes = :i* ^! me?ods are at pres5t us$1 & ^! are be+ con/antly add$ to4 ,x is n too mu* to say t 9 any indu/ry 9 :i* pa9ts are us$1 "o or o!r ( ! me?ods1 or bo? 9 conjunction1 may be employ$ ) v great advantage 9 a sav+ ( "t4 ,an errone\s idea prevails 9 "s qu>t]s t to in/all a pa9t dipp+ or a pa9t spray+ plant w involve a consid]able exp5diture4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 if ! "w is ( a simple "*1 & ! articles to be dealt ) small1 an exp5diture ( some?+ l #be w be suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,= example1 a small tank1 ) a dra9+ bo>d atta*$1 w\ld co/ less ?an ! sum m5tion$1 ev5 :5 ! ov]hang+ plant 0 includ$4 ,z su* "w is usually done 9 eng9e]+ %ops1 ! lift+ app>atus & ! rails1 c easily be made on ! premises4 ,9 "s cases ! lift+ plant ev5 might be disp5s$ )1 & ! articles1 su* z pa9t cans1 c\ld be dipp$ by h&4 ,a spray+ plant ne$ n be exp5sive1 & #be to #dj w cov] ! exp5se ( spray+ app>atus1 compressor = air spray1 exhau/ & ev]y?+ else4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ref]s to a small plant4 ,m ext5sive in/allations w\ld1 ( c\rse1 co/ v mu* m1 b :atev] !y may co/1 x may be accept$ z a fact t1 )9 reasonable limits1 ! outlay w be fully return$ 9 two or ?ree ye>s' work+ at mo/4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages an attempt has be5 made to cov] ! :ole subject ( pa9t+ by me*anical means4 ,_m plants are describ$ & illu/rat$1 & "s l5g?y explanation is giv5 ( ! requirem5ts ( diff]5t trades or goods4 ,9 _m cases ^! h really no?+ to d ) ! pa9t+ prop]1 b success dep5ds ^u ! sy/em adopt$ = h&l+ & convey+4 ,take1 = example1 celluloid buttons1 :i* are usually spray$4 ,!y are plac$ 9 wire trays made specially = ! purpose1 ! bottom side upp]mo/4 ,^! are fir/ spray$ all ov] ) a _s pa9t1 & :5 suffici5tly dry to h&le1 say1 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r1 !y are all turn$ ov] & ! top sides are spray$4 ,! wire trays & a h&y cab9et to conta9 !m are ! important details 9 ?is case4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,products ,,to ,,:i* ,,pa9t ,,spray+ ,,& ,,pa9t ,,dipp+ ,,are ,,appli$4 ,acetyl5e ,ma*9es4 ,add+ ,ma*9es4 ,address+ ,ma*9es4 ,adv]tis+ ,novelties4 ,adv]tis+ ,signs4 ,a]oplane ,"w4 ,agate ,holl[ ,w>e4 ,agricultural ,implem5ts4 ,air ,compressors4 ,alum9ium ,goods4 ,antiques1 ,bric-a-brac4 ,ar*itectural ,brass ,works4 ,ar*itectural ,iron ,works4 ,art ,glasses & ,mirrors4 ,artificial ,fl[]s4 ,artificial ,jewell]y4 ,artificial ,m>ble4 ,artificial ,limbs4 ,arti/ic ,/atu>ies4 ,automatic ,v5d+ ,ma*9es4 ,automobile ,lamps4 ,automobile ,lic5ces & ,numb] ,plates4 ,automobile ,p>ts4 ,automobile ,p>ts & ,motor ,bodies4 ,automobile ,supplies ,automobile ,tyres4 ,automobile ,tops & ,canopies4 ,axes4 ,baby ,c>riages4 ,badges4 ,bann]s & ,flags4 ,b> ,fixtures4 ,b>b] ,equipm5t4 ,b>rels4 ,b>r[s4 ,basket & ,rattan ,w>e4 ,ba? ,room ,sundries4 ,ba?s4 ,b$ ,spr+s4 ,b$/eads 7,iron74 ,b$/eads 7,%eet ,metal74 ,be] ,pumps4 ,bells4 ,bicycles4 ,billi>d ,tables4 ,bird ,cages4 ,blocks & ,falls4 ,bl[]s4 ,boats4 ,bobb9s & ,spools4 ,boil] ,"w4 ,book ,cases4 ,boxes1 ,cig>4 ,b[l+ ,alleys4 ,boxes1 ,mail4 ,brass ,b$/eads4 ,brass ,goods4 ,broom ,heads & ,h&les4 ,bru%es4 ,buckles & ,snaps4 ,build]s' ,h>dw>e4 ,burial ,caskets4 ,buttons 7metal74 ,cab9et ,h>dw>e4 ,cab9ets4 ,cam]as4 ,c&ies & ,confection]y4 ,cann]s1 ,vegetables & ,fruit4 ,canoes4 ,cans4 ,c>s4 ,c>pets4 ,c>pet ,sweep]s4 ,c>riages4 ,c>riage ,h>dw>e4 ,casem5ts 7metal74 ,c>tridges4 ,ca% ,regi/]s4 ,ca% ,c>ri]s4 ,celluloid ,%eets4 ,*airs 7metal74 ,*ildr5's ,c>riages4 ,*9a & ,crock]y4 ,*ur* & ,lodge ,goods4 ,*ur* & ,s*ool ,furniture4 ,*urns4 ,clocks4 ,col\r ,specim5s4 ,con/ructional ,ironwork4 ,corset ,/eels4 ,c(f9s & ,caskets4 ,c\*es4 ,cream ,sep>ators4 ,curta9 ,poles4 ,cutl]y4 ,cycles4 ,cycle p>ts4 ,desks 7metal74 ,display ,fixtures4 ,dolls4 ,doors4 ,drills4 ,dynamos4 ,edge ,tools4 ,electric ,fixtures4 ,electrical ,app>atus4 ,electrical ,supplies4 ,electro ,plat]s4 ,enamell$ ,metal ,goods4 ,enamell$ ,w>e4 ,eng9es4 ,et*+ 7metal74 ,factory ,fitt+s4 ,fancy ,baskets4 ,fans4 ,f5d]s4 ,fil+ ,cab9ets4 ,fire>ms4 ,fire ,ext+ui%]s4 ,fi%+ ,rods4 ,fixtures1 ,display4 ,f\ndries4 ,f\nta9s1 ,soda4 ,furniture 7metal74 ,g>d5 ,implem5ts4 ,gas ,app>atus4 ,gas ,cook]s4 ,gas ,eng9es4 ,gas ,fires4 ,gas ,fixtures4 ,gas ,met]s4 ,gas & ,gasol5e ,/oves ,golf ,clubs4 ,grates & ,mantels4 ,gramophones4 ,grille ,"w4 ,hats1 ,/raw4 ,hair ,p9s4 ,hames4 ,h&les4 ,h>ness ,trim4 ,h>r[s4 ,h>dw>e4 ,holl[ ,w>e4 ,hooks & ,eyes4 ,horns4 ,inc&esc5t ,lamps4 ,japann$ ,goods4 ,jewell]y4 ,kegs & ,pails4 ,kit*5 ,cab9ets4 ,kit*5 ,ut5sils4 ,knitt+ ,ma*9es4 ,lac+ ,/uds4 ,lamps & ,lant]ns4 ,la/s4 ,lawn ,m[]s4 ,lead ,p5cils4 ,lea!r ,"w4 ,lett] ,files4 ,locks4 ,lock]s 7metal74 ,looms4 ,locomotives4 ,ma*9]y4 ,malleable ,ca/+s4 ,ma!matical ,in/rum5ts4 ,meat ,safes4 ,metal ,sp9n]s4 ,model ,mak]s4 ,motors4 ,motor ,cycles4 ,musical ,in/rum5ts4 ,novelties4 ,(fice ,furniture4 ,optical ,in/rum5ts4 ,ornam5tal ,ironwork4 ,patt]n ,mak]s4 ,p5 ,hold]s4 ,phonographs4 ,physical ,supplies4 ,piano ,plates4 ,pianos & ,organs4 ,picture ,frames4 ,p9s4 ,plat$ ,w>e4 ,pl\ghs4 ,plumb]s' ,supplies4 ,porcela9 ,goods4 ,projectiles4 ,pulleys 7metal74 ,pumps4 ,radiators 7auto74 ,railway ,c>riages4 ,rakes4 ,refrig]ators4 ,regalia4 ,rubb] ,goods4 ,rules & ,levels4 ,saddl]y ,h>dw>e4 ,safes4 ,safe ,deposit ,vaults4 ,sa%es 7metal74 ,scales4 ,scre5s 7metal74 ,sew+ ,ma*9es4 ,%oe ,buttons4 ,%[ ,cases4 ,side ,c>s4 ,signs1 ,enamell$4 ,silv]w>e4 ,sl$s & ,sleighs4 ,soda ,f\nta9s4 ,sport+ ,goods4 ,/eel ,/amp+s4 ,/oves 7gas74 ,slate1 ,enamell$4 ,/atu>y4 ,/eam ,gauges4 ,/eel ,ca/+s4 ,/reet ,railway ,companies4 ,surgical ,supplies4 ,swit*bo>ds4 ,tables4 ,tanks4 ,telephones4 ,telephone ,supplies4 ,textile ,ma*9]y4 ,t9w>es4 ,!rmomet]s4 ,tools4 ,toys4 ,trunk ,h>dw>e4 ,typewrit]s4 ,vacuum ,clean]s4 ,v5d+ ,ma*9es4 ,v5e]s4 ,v5tilators4 ,wagons4 ,wall ,pap]s4 ,wa%+ ,ma*9es4 ,wat]+ ,cans4 ,weigh+ ,ma*9es4 ,:eels4 ,will[ ,w>e4 ,wire ,clo?4 ,wire ,mattresses4 ,wire ,"w4 ,wr+]s4 ,9 addition to ! above1 pa9t is appli$ by spray+ = _m arti/ic purposes1 su* z = %[ c>ds1 photographic "w1 li?ography1 *ur* decoration1 etc4 ,^! are ref]r$ to 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,imm]sion4 ,! process ( pa9t+ v>i\s articles by dipp+ !m bodily into specially prep>$ pa9t conta9$ 9 a tank or o!r receptacle is a v old idea4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 develop$ consid]ably 9 late ye>s1 & is n[ l>gely employ$ 9 _m indu/ries1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! f9i%+ ( agricultural implem5ts ( v>i\s k9ds1 iron "w & a hundr$ & "o o!r articles4 ,x is sometimes us$ 9 conjunction ) pa9t spray+2 t is to say1 ! fir/ coat or coats may be put on by imm]s+ ! article to be pa9t$ 9 ! pa9t1 or v>ni%1 & ! f9al coat ( enamel or v>ni% may be put on by means ( a spray4 ,9 "s cases1 ! f9al coat is appli$ by means ( bru%es 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,p]haps ! simple/ =m ( pa9t dipp+ is t appli$ to v>i\s articles1 su* z bolts1 r+s & small p>ts1 :i* are plac$ 9 a wire basket & plung$ into ! pa9t4 ,! basket is !n hung up = a qu>t] ( an h\r or s to dra91 & aft]w>ds 9 ano!r place1 until su* "t z ! pa9t becomes h>d4 ,ano!r famili> example ( pa9t+ by dipp+ is t ( ord9>y tap]$ cans1 su* z ^? :i* are us$ to conta9 v>ni%1 etc4 ,9 ?is case1 a piece ( wood is introduc$ into ! neck1 ! c is imm]s$ 9 ! pa9t up to almo/ ! top ( ! neck1 & is !n plac$ upside d[n to dra9 & to dry4 ,a pa9t :i* dries ) a gloss is usually employ$ = ?is purpose1 & x may be rem>k$ t a good deal ( ?is "w is n[ done by spray+2 9 fact1 a great deal ( diff]5ce ( op9ion exi/s z to ! respective m]its ( ! two processes = ?is p>ticul> purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #a4--;,,cross ,,section ,,?r\gh ,,pa9t ,,tank4 ,go+ a /ep f>!r1 we come to ! consid]ation ( articles su* z iron sa%es & casem5ts1 p>ts ( /aircases1 etc41 :i* may be dipp$ into a tank conta9+1 say1 five to t5 gallons or s4 ,su* tanks are usually made to slant at ! bottom 9 ord] to facilitate clean+ :5 necess>y4 ,adjac5t to !m is provid$ a plat=m1 usually l9$ ) %eet iron ^u :i* ! pa9t c drip aft] ! articles are remov$ f ! tank1 & a sy/em ( ov]head rails = mov+ ! articles f "o "p ( ! works to ano!r4 ,no agitat+ app>atus = ! pa9t is requir$1 b aft] ! tank has be5 us$ = "s "t1 say1 = example1 at ! week-end1 x is necess>y to /ir x up by means ( a pole be=e ! "w comm5ces4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! articles be+ plung$ 9 ! tank1 & _! )drawal1 9 itself /irs ! pa9t suffici5tly = ! purpose4 ,9 deal+ ) ! l>g]-siz$ articles :i* are to be pa9t$1 su* z reap+ ma*9es1 ! con/ruction ( ! tank :i* may hold sev]al tons ( pa9t is naturally ( a m elaborate "*4 ,su* a plant w consi/1 fir/1 ( ! tank itself2 next1 ! sy/em ( ov]head rail+2 ?ird1 ! app>atus ^u :i* ! articles to be pa9t$ are hung2 & f\r?1 ! hoi/s = l[]+ & rais+ su* articles into & f ! tank4 ,x w be conv5i5t to consid] ^! p>ts :i* g to =m a complete in/allation "u _! sev]al heads1 tak+ a m elaborate plant by way ( example1 x be+ und]/ood t ! plant may be simpl] 9 =m :5 ! size ( ! articles to be pa9t$ is small1 or "u o!r circum/ances1 su* z w be pres5tly sugge/$4 ,,! ,,tank4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/irr]s ,,& ,,bl9ds ,,= ,,pa9t ,,dipp+ ,,tank4 ,fig #b4--,,plan4 ,fig4 #c4--,,longitud9al ,,v]tical ,,section4 ,!re are two =ms ( special tanks 9 g5]al use1 "o hav+ at ! bottom paddles = agitat+ purposes1 & ! o!r worms provid$ ) ! same object4 ,fig4 #a4 %[s a cross section ( a tank made on ! ,mc,lennan pat5t$ sy/em4 ,9 ?is two s]ies ( paddles revolv+ 9 opposite directions are provid$1 & above !m is an appliance :i* may be lik5$ to a horizontal v5etian bl9d1 consi/+ ( iron la?s1 :i* are ne>ly horizontal :5 clos$1 =m+ a plat=m ^u :i* ! pa9t c settle1 & v]tical :5 op54 ,?is bl9d is left op5 :5 ! tank is 9 use1 & is clos$ :5 x is at re/4 ,! illu/ration gives ! dim5sions ( ! p>ts1 al?\gh ^!1 ( c\rse1 w be v>i$ accord+ to circum/ances4 ,above ! bl9d is sometimes a grat+1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! bl9d1 =m a protection to ! agitat+ ge> f articles dropp$ into ! tank by mi/ake1 ! two toge!r prev5t+ ! heavy1 pigm5t 9 ! pa9t f clogg+ ! paddles :5 ! agitat+ ge> has be5 /opp$ = "s "t4 ,figs4 #b & #c %[ respectively longitud9al plan & section1 f :i* ! con/ruction w be cle>4 ,messrs4 ,wilk9son1 ,heywood ,cl>k1 ,ltd41 ( ,popl>1 :o own ! ,mc,lennan pat5ts1 9 a little book1 entitl$ ,pa9t+ by ,imm]sion1 /ate t !re 7 c]ta9 disadvantages 9 ! design ( ?is tank1 inasmu* z %\ld x become necess>y to remove or repair ! paddles1 x w\ld be necess>y to empty ! tank & bodily remove ! p>ts4 ,!y h1 !re=e1 a new design1 :i* is %[n 9 ,fig4 #d1 9 :i* ?is rem$y is ov]come4 ,! agitat+ ge>1 9 ?is case1 is on a sub-frame1 sep>ate & indep5d5t f ! tank itself4 ,! drive is 9 ! tank1 & is tak5 by means ( a claw clut* ?r\gh a "r angl$ bevel to ! agitat+ %aft4 ,?is design has prov$ v satisfactory = small tanks4 ,= v l>ge tanks a ge> is recomm5d$ 9 :i* ! agitat+ ge> is enl>g$ & ! %aft+ is support$ or /iff5$ to prev5t :ipp+4 ,?is entails a design ( "s special be>+1 :i* %\ld be pa9t pro( & oil pro(1 = ! reason t ! be>+ is imm]s$ 9 ! pa9t itself4 ,9 ,fig4 #e is %[n draw+s ( ?is be>+1 on :i* ! firm nam$ hold pat5ts4 ,! p]fect$ plants n[ consi/ ( a tank ) an indep5d5t & removable *assis frame1 on :i* are m\nt$ ! ,v5etian bl9d arrangem5ts1 already m5tion$1 toge!r ) ! agitat+ ge>1 :i* consi/s ( ei!r "o1 two1 or m p>allel %afts1 m\nt$ on p>allel ge>1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,^! %afts are held on ! sub-frame ) ! pat5t be>+s already ref]r$ to1 & ! drive is transmitt$ ?r\gh ! bevel ge> encas$ 9 a special ge> box1 :i* is equally oil & pa9t pro( & self-lubricat+4 ,x w readily be se5 t ) ?is plant x is an easy matt] to )draw ! driv+ ge> & lift ! sub-frame bodily out1 )\t 9 any way di/urb+ ! pa9t 9 ! tank4 ,! tank1 !re=e1 c be buri$ ne>ly flu% 9 ! gr\nd1 emb$d$ 9 concrete1 & ne$ nev] be di/urb$4 ,9 case ( em]g5cy1 & :5 pa9t+ is cont9u\s ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 x is recomm5d$ t ! consum] %\ld keep a complete sp>e *assis = use :5 occasion requires4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--;,,design ,,= ,,tank ,,= ,,pa9t+ ,,/eel ,,%eets4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--;,,details ,,( ,,pa9t-,,pro( ,,be>+s ,,& ,,ge> ,,box4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--;,,details ,,( ,,sub-,,frame1 ,,%aft+ ,,& ,,driv+ ,,ge> ,,= ,,tank ,,design$ ,,= ,,implem5t ,,manufactur]s4 ,:atev] ! con/ruction ( ! tank itself may be1 & :e!r or n x is provid$ ) agitat+ app>atus1 x is g5]ally f\nd mo/ conv5i5t to build x ) ! top ne>ly level ) ! floor4 ,x is advisable to provide iron doors or cov]s to close ! tank 9 :5 out ( use s z to prev5t excessive evaporation & also = use 9 case ( fire4 ,^! doors or cov]s %\ld !re=e be actuat$ by lev]s or o!r suitable appliance :i* may be put 9 motion at a po9t "s di/ance f ! tank itself1 = :ile ! pa9t is n v liable to cat* light1 an accid5t may cause x to d s1 p>ticul>ly :5 electricity is us$ 9 ! works1 & ! clos+ ( prop]ly con/ruct$ doors w quickly subdue fire z f> z ! tank itself is conc]n$ by %utt+ (f access ( ! air4 ,! usual plan foll[$ is to provide wide /rips ( ?ick felt atta*$ to ! doors 9 prop] position s t :5 ! doors are clos$ ! contact w be ?or\gh & ! tank itself be practically seal$4 ,:5 agitators =m "p ( ! app>atus x is n necess>y to buy ! pa9t ready mix$ = use1 z x may be introduc$ into ! tank 9 ?9 pa/e =m2 ! necess>y ?9n]s su* z :ite _s c be add$ & ! agitat+ app>atus sl[ly revolv+ w quickly mix ! p>ts toge!r & r5d] ! pa9t suitable = use4 ,x w be und]/ood t ! =m ( tank above describ$ may be v consid]ably modifi$ accord+ to circum/ances4 ,9 v simple pa9t dipp+1 su* z is requir$ = small articles1 casem5ts1 etc41 ! agitat+ app>atus may be :olly disp5s$ )1 :ile 9 o!r cases1 ! %utt]-l arrangem5t above m5tion$ may be omitt$ & ! agitator may consi/ ( a worm ) a scre5 above to protect ! p>ts f pieces :i* may accid5tally fall 94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--;,,g5]al ,,lay-,,out ,,( ,a ,,?ree-,,tank ,,plant ,,design$ ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,an ,,agricultural ,,implem5t ,,mak]1 ,,us+ ,,?ree ,,col\rs ,,9 ,,?is ,,in/ance1 ,,r$1 ,,gre5 ,,& ,,blue4 ,,! ,,rails ,,& ,,hang+ ,,app>atus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cross ,,section4 ,,side ,,elevation4 ,fig4 #h4--;,,joi/ ,,& ,,:eels ,,support+ ,,hang]4 ,^! two details may be conv5i5tly consid]$ toge!r1 & x %\ld be /at$ at once "h aga9 a great deal ( diff]5ce ( op9ion exi/s z to :at sy/em is ! be/4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be cle>ly und]/ood t ^u ! sy/em ( rail+ a great deal ( ! success dep5ds4 ,! object1 ( c\rse1 to be atta9$ is t ( h&l+ a l>ge numb] ( p>ts ) z little lab\r z possible4 ,) ?is object1 a complete sy/em ( ov]head rails1 comm5c+ ) ! f9i%+ %ops1 lead+ to ! pa9t tank1 & !nce to /orage or deliv]y dep>tm5ts1 %\ld be c>efully ?\ght out1 always rememb]+ t ! gr[? ( a bus9ess may necessitate ! erection ( additional build+s f "t to "t & provision made accord+ly4 ,"o ( ! simple/ & be/ =ms ( rails is an ,h section joi/ ) two :eels on ei!r side z %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,9 o!r cases an ,l roll$ joi/ is us$1 ! rail+ "p be+ on ! v]tical flange :ile ! horizontal flange is connect$ ) rods fix$ to ! upp] "p ( ! build+4 ,"o me?od :i* is us$ q successfully is to employ hooks z %[n 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,^! run ov] rails :i* are lubricat$ ) vasel9e1 & 9 ?is case ! rails are usually slightly incl9$4 ,9 v l>ge works1 h[ev]1 :]e a consid]able l5g? ( rail is employ$ ?is incl9ation might be inconv5i5t1 z ! rails w\ld g too ne> ! gr\nd4 ,9 all cases horizontal rails are f\nd 9 practice to be ! mo/ conv5i5t1 b an in/allation requires c>eful consid]ation f all po9ts ( view & no g5]al rules c be laid d[n4 ,,hang+ ,,aft] ,,dipp+ ,,or ,,spray+4 ,a practical po9t ( m importance ?an might be suppos$1 at fir/ sight1 is to avoid hang+ articles v close toge!r aft] !y h be5 pa9t$ or enamell$1 ei!r by dipp+ or spray+4 ,! reason is t if !y are hung q close toge!r ! turp5t9e or volatile ?9n] us$ 9 ! pa9t may affect "p ( ! adjac5t surface1 & cause a dim9i%$ gloss4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--;,,hook ,,= ,,hang+4 ,?is po9t 0 br\ght to light 9 ! case ( "o manufactur] :o 0 pa9t+ v>ni% cans by dipp+4 ,!y 7 hung up to dry q close toge!r--9 fact1 almo/ t\*+4 ,:5 dry1 x 0 notic$ t1 in/ead ( be+ nice & glossy all ov]1 "o side 0 some:at dull4 ,! explanation appe>$ to be t ! turp5t9e fumes affect$ ! pa9t 9 dry+1 & ?is 0 prov$ to be true1 z :5 ! cans 7 plac$ f>!r ap>t ! tr\ble ceas$4 ,,hoi/s4 ,! hoi/s us$ w dep5d ^u ! size & weight ( ! objects t are to be dipp$4 ,9 "s cases !y may be disp5s$ ) altoge!r & ! dipp+ c be done by h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4--;,a ,,typical ,,hoi/ ,,= ,,use ,,9 ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,imm]sion4 ,9 cases :]e ! space is conf9$1 x is sometimes desirable to use hoi/s 9 ! =m ( wall crabs1 & a few ( ^! made by ! ,london ,hoi/ ,ma*9]y ,co41 ,ltd41 #ajc1 ,wor%ip ,/reet1 ,e4,c41 are illu/rat$ 9 ,figs4 #aj to #ad4 ,! hoi/ %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj w lift #aj cwt4 ) sl[ spe$ on ! left-h& side1 & #c cwt4 on ! "r-h& side ) a quick spe$ ( #ac feet p] m9ute4 ,?is =m c be made l[] by brake if desir$4 ,! little crab %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa deals ) weights ( #a cwt4 at a spe$ ( #fj feet p] m9ute1 :ile t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab is also a quick ge>1 lift+ #c cwt4 at #ac feet p] m9ute4 ,! o!r illu/rations are self-explanatory4 ,fig4 #ae %[s a typical hoi/ :i* may be reg>d$ z an ideal in/allation = ! "w1 & ! idea c be adapt$ to ei!r l>ge or small works z requir$4 ,! in/allation consi/s ( an ov]head track ) a movable portion ov] ! dipp+ tank4 ,! goods to be dipp$ are hung on ! trolleys & run "o by "o on to ! movable portion ( ! track ov] ! tank4 ,!re is a /op on ?is portion to prev5t ! trolley runn+ "r ov] ! tank1 & ! movable portion ) ! article to be dipp$ is l[]$ into ! tank1 & aft]w>ds rais$ by means ( a hoi/4 ,! hoi/ 9 ?is case 0 driv5 by pneumatic p[]4 ,x c\ld1 h[ev]1 9 v small in/allations be a h& hoi/ work$ by ! rot>y movem5t ( a h&le1 or 9 o!r l>ge in/allations a quick mov+ electric hoi/4 ,aft] ! article is dipp$ & ! movable portion rais$ by ! hoi/ to its correct position 9 ! track ( ! runway1 ! trolley is run (f ! movable portion on to ! track beyond ! tank1 & left !re to dry4 ,^! ov]head runways c be made to suit loads f #b cwts4 up to #aj tons1 s t ! sy/em cov]s all classes ( "w1 s9ce x is seldom t x w\ld be necess>y to dip articles weigh+ m ?an #aj tons4 ,fig4 #af %[s a ,morris /&>d electric trolley hoi/ suitable = lift+ up to1 say1 #e or #f tons4 ,bo? ( ! =ego+ hoi/s are made by ,messrs4 ,h]b]t ,morris1 ,ltd41 ( ,l\ghbor\gh1 to :om ! au?or is indebt$ = ^! illu/rations4 ,9 ,fig4 #ag is %[n ano!r type ( trolley hoi/ suitable = lift+ heavy weights4 ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,coats ,,( ,,pa9t ,,to ,,be ,,giv54 ,an important consid]ation bo? 9 pa9t imm]sion & pa9t spray+ is ! numb] ( coats ( pa9t :i* %\ld be giv5 9 ord] to produce ! requir$ appe>ance & ensure durability4 ,?is mu/ necess>ily dep5d ^u ! use to :i* ! article to be pa9t$ is to be put1 & x w also dep5d ^u ! appe>ance4 ,9 pa9t spray+ x is cle> t any ?ickness ( pa9t requir$ c\ld be obta9$ by cont9u+ ! op]ation ( spray+1 b x has be5 f\nd 9 practice t x is n desirable to cont9ue ! application ( ! pa9t beyond ! po9t :5 e "p ( ! surface is completely cov]$4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ?ree ?9 coats ( pa9t appli$ sep>ately w prove m durable ?an two ?ick coats1 ev5 if ! quantity ( pa9t us$ 9 ! two cases is id5tical4 ,! same is true to a great ext5t :5 ! pa9t is spray$ on4 ,:5 x is appli$ by dipp+ ano!r important elem5t ent]s into consid]ation1 & t is1 ?9 coats are a practical necessity1 because if an attempt 0 made to make ! coat ?ick x w\ld inevitably result 9 unsightly runs1 fat edges1 etc41 :i* w\ld :olly spoil ! "w4 ,:]e ! object is only t ( a tempor>y protection1 z 9 ! case ( iron ca/+s1 a s+le coat w usually suffice1 because ! ca/+s :5 fix$ 9 position w be pa9t$ ) ! build+ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,sometimes a prim+ or fir/ coat ( pa9t is giv5 by dipp+1 & ! foll[+ coats are appli$ by bru%es or by spray+4 ,!re appe>s to be "s idea t :5 pa9t is appli$ by bru%es x is =c$ into ! pores ( ! wood & !re=e holds bett]2 z a matt] ( fact1 9 a well-design$ pa9t ! ?9n]s w p5etrate ! wood & no p>ticul> =ce is necess>y2 b if x %\ld be1 x w be c]ta9ly suppli$ by ! spray+ process4 ,,advantages ,,( ,,! ,,dipp+ ,,process4 ,! advantages ( apply+ pa9t1 japan1 enamel1 or v>ni% by ! process ( imm]sion are obvi\s4 ,! sav+ ( "t is ! *ief advantage1 & ?is w be 9 mo/ cases v consid]able4 ,= in/ance1 a complete wagon c be pa9t$ by dipp+ 9 a v few m9utes1 :ile l>ge & intricate agricultural ma*9es may be pa9t$ 9 ! same way 9 a fif? "p ( ! "t x w\ld take to spray !m1 & probably a tw5tie? "p ( ! "t x w\ld take to d ! "w by h&4 ,!re is ano!r advantage :i* %\ld be m5tion$ :5 pa9t dipp+ is comp>$ ) spray+4 ,9 ! latt]1 an outfit consi/+ ( spray]1 air compressor1 exhau/1 cab9et1 etc41 are all necess>y4 ,9 dipp+1 h[ev]1 ! app>atus may 9 _m cases be ( ! simple/ "*4 ,= example1 9 pa9t+ b$/eads all t is necess>y is a n>r[ b deep tank conta9+ ! pa9t1 into :i* ! b$/ead may be plung$ by h& & !n hung up to drip ov] a metal-l9$ floor4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--;,a ,,morris ,,/&>d ,,electric ,,trolley ,,hoi/4 ,9 ,birm+ham1 hundr$s ( iron b$/eads are dipp$ 9 ?is way e day4 ,! head or foot ( ! b$/ead is tak5 9 ! two h&s ( ! op]ator1 dipp$ into a tank ( black japan1 & imm$iately hung up on a travell+ *air1 :i* sl[ly c>ries x across ! room to ! ov51 ! sup]flu\s pa9t dripp+ (f dur+ ! process4 ,9 ano!r *apt] w be f\nd ! advantages :i* ! process ( spray+ has ov] dipp+4 ,a decision z to :i* is ! be/ sy/em to adopt = any p>ticul> purpose c only be det]m9$ aft] due consid]ation has be5 giv5 to all ! circum/ances be>+ ^u ! "w to be done4 ,x may be po9t$ out 9 ?is connection t ! process ( pa9t+ call$ fl[+ on1 :i* is fully describ$ on ano!r page1 is 9 effect only a modification ( dipp+4 ,z a motor body1 = in/ance1 _c be plung$ into a pa9t tank because ! inside is n to be pa9t$1 ! pa9t is lit]ally p\r$ ov] ! surface1 & ! effect is exactly ! same4 ,,protect+ ,,p>ts ,,n ,,to ,,be ,,pa9t$4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s 9 pa9t dipp+ t c]ta9 p>ts ( a ma*9e or o!r article t is desir$ to be coat$ ) pa9t is to be left unpa9t$1 & ! problem is h[ to effect ?is mo/ economically4 ,! me?od usually employ$ is to cov] ! p>ts1 su* z "n plates1 bright portions ( a ma*9e1 etc4 ) vasel9e4 ,:5 ! article is dipp$ ! pa9t cov]s ?is z well z ! o!r p>ts1 & aft] ! pa9t is dry ! vasel9e & ! pa9t on x c be easily wip$ (f & ! surface b5ea? x w be f\nd to be q clean4 ,,prep>+ ,,woodwork ,,be=e ,,pa9t+4 ,previ\s to ! prim+ coat ( pa9t be+ appli$ to any article made ( p9e or o!r wood conta9+ knots x is necess>y to protect su* knots by apply+ "o or two coats ( a liquid kn[n 9 ! trade z knott+4 ,if ?is 7 n done ! ros9 :i* exudes m or less f ! knots w\ld p5etrate ! pa9t1 discol\r x & give a v unsightly appe>ance4 ,! be/ knott+ consi/s ( %ellac dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 usually 9 ! =m ( me?ylat$ spirits2 9 o!r words1 x is %ellac _s v>ni%4 ,_m inf]ior grades1 h[ev]1 are sold 9 :i* ! %ellac is adult]at$ ) ros9 or o!r sub/ances1 :ile ! alcohol is sometimes replac$ :olly or 9 "p ) naph?a4 ,^! inf]ior qualities ( knott+ %\ld nev] be us$1 z !y are v likely inde$ to cause tr\ble & spoil ! :ole job4 ,al?\gh ! p>ts ( ma*9es su* z agricultural implem5ts are usually made ( select$ & well-season$ timb]1 x sometimes happ5s t portions ( ! "w are f\nd to be m or less sappy4 ,?is %\ld also be coat$ ) knott+1 z o!rwise !y w absorb ! pa9t to too great an ext5t & ! prim+ coat w n be uni=m4 ,9 pass+1 x may be obs]v$ t a coat ( %ellac v>ni%--a t]m1 z already expla9$1 :i* is synonym\s ) knott+--is v useful z an und]coat :5ev] !re is an excess ( ros9 z 9 pit* p9e4 ,x is also us$ to /op suction on pla/] ornam5ts :i* are f9i%$ 9 imitation bronze1 & :i* may successfully be us$ ov] t> or t> spots :i* x is desir$ to pa9t4 ,x is v important t knott+ be appli$ 9 q ?9 coats1 & x is = ?is reason t usually two coats are giv54 ,if x is too ?ick x fails to dry prop]ly4 ,?ick knott+ may be us$ if x be well bru%$ out1 b ?is is almo/ impossible 9 apply+ x to ! knots ( ord9>y woodwork :i* are m]ely dabb$ ) ! end ( ! bru%2 moreov]1 su* "w is usually done by piece "w1 h5ce two coats are mu* saf] to use4 ,,fill] ,,= ,,iron4 ,x is sometimes necess>y be=e dipp+ or spray+ ca/ iron "w to fill up s& flaws & inequalities4 ,?is may be effectually done by us+ a fill] prep>$ z foll[s3 ,mix toge!r equal p>ts ( g5u9e r$ lead & gild]s' :it+ & add two p>ts ( boil$ l9se$ oil & "o "p ( goldsize4 ,x w be f\nd mo/ effective to mix ! two liquids la/ m5tion$ be=e add+ !m to ! dry lead & :it+4 ,?or\ghly mix all toge!r1 or1 pref]ably1 gr9d ?r\gh a mill until ! putty-l consi/5cy is obta9$4 ,?is /opp+ w dry v h>d4 ,x is important to rememb] t ?is fill] mu/ be mix$ 9 small quantities z requir$ z x rapidly becomes h>d1 s t if a consid]able quantity 7 made at "o "t any unus$ w\ld become spoil$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--;,,electric ,,hoi/ ,,suitable ,,= ,,heavy ,,goods4 ,ano!r recipe ( an entirely diff]5t "* = a cem5t or putty = ! same purpose is made by mix+ "o p>ts ( fl[]s ( sulphur1 two p>ts ( sal-ammoniac & #hj p>ts ( iron fil+s & mak+ !m into a pa/e ) wat]4 ,by increas+ ! proportion ( sal-ammoniac ! sett+ is also increas$4 ,,/opp+ ,,holes ,,9 ,,woodwork4 ,h[ev] c>efully a piece ( woodwork may be prep>$1 !re are usually m or less depressions or holes su* z ^? :i* occur ov] c\nt]sunk nails1 & 9 o!r places :i* require to be fill$ up4 ,! usual /opp+ = ?is purpose employ$ by h\se pa9t]s is a mixture ( equal p>ts ( dry :it+ & dry :ite lead1 made 9 ! =m ( putty1 ) raw l9se$ oil to :i*1 say1 #aj p] c5t4 ( boil$ oil has be5 add$4 ,a *eap] & q z effective a /opp+1 h[ev]1 c be made by us+ a mat]ial kn[n z ,alaba/9e1 :i* possesses ! advantage ( be+ easily cut d[n4 ,?is mat]ial may be also us$ :5 mix$ to a ?9n] consi/5cy = prim+1 b x is n suitable = be+ appli$ by dipp+1 al?\gh x may be spray$4 ,! v be/ /opp+ is "o su* z is us$ by c>riage pa9t]s1 & is /rongly recomm5d$ = high-class "w4 ,x is suppli$ bo? 9 p[d] & pa/e =m by all fir/-class v>ni% manufactur]s1 & al?\gh ! co/ is a little high] ?an t ( /opp+ putty made ( :it+ & l9se$ oil1 z describ$1 x is well wor? ! diff]5ce4 ,an excell5t fill+ composition = coa* & motor body build]s1 railway & tramway c>riage manufactur]s1 etc41 is t made by ! well-kn[n v>ni% h\se ( ,messrs4 ,wm4 ,h>l& ,son1 ,m]ton1 ,s4,w4 ,x is especially suitable1 obta9+ a p]fectly level & unyield+ gr\ndwork :]e a f9e f9i% is to be giv51 ei!r 9 pa9t1 v>ni% or enamel4 ,x is made 9 two col\rs1 grey = d>k "w & cream = light col\rs or :ite1 & co/s sixp5ce a p\nd1 or less :5 b\ght 9 quantities4 ,x effects a great sav+ ( "t & lab\r1 be+ already f9ely gr\nd into a /iff pa/e1 :i* only ne$s ! addition ( specially prep>$ ?9n]s to br+ x to a prop] consi/5cy = use ) ! bru%4 ,x is mo/ successful & exp$iti\s z well z ! mo/ economical process = giv+ a smoo? surface to r\gh ca/+s--a condition :i* is1 ( c\rse1 indisp5sable :5 ^! h to be pa9t$ & v>ni%$4 ,= ord9>y surfaces ( woodwork ( a slightly r\gh or unev5 "*1 two or ?ree coats ( ! fill+ composition w suffice to produce1 :5 c>efully rubb$ d[n1 a p]fectly smoo? surface ( a h>d metallic nature1 comb9$ ) great t5acity & durability4 ,philorite is ano!r speciality :i* may be m5tion$ 9 ?is connection4 ,x is manufactur$ by ,messrs4 ,wilk9son1 ,heywood & ,cl>k1 ,ltd41 & is a fill] made 9 :ite & sev5 col\rs4 ,?is is a great advantage :5 ! f9i% is to be col\r$1 z x may save a coat ( pa9t4 ,x c be rubb$ smoo? )\t difficulty1 & w s]ve z a p]fect gr\nd = enamels & japans1 z well z = pa9t4 ,= use x is ?9n$ out ) ,am]ican turp5t9e to ! requir$ consi/5cy1 say1 t ( a ready mix$ pa9t4 ,x is bru%$ on ) a /iff bri/le bru%1 & two coats may be safely appli$ on "o day4 ,! la/ coat c be rubb$ d[n smoo? ) pumice & wat] or s&pap]4 ,x may also be us$ z a knif+ pa/e = defective surfaces4 ,,rubb+ ,,d[n4 ,9 _m cases ! coats ( pa9t1 japan or enamel h to be rubb$ d[n betwe5 coats 9 ord] to produce a p]fectly level surface4 ,?is is usually done by means ( f9ely p[d]$ pumice /one & wat]1 & x is important to rememb] t ! op]ation mu/ be done ) c>e s t ! rubb+ is q uni=m4 ,if a slight gloss is giv5 to ! pa9t ! portions :i* are rubb$ d[n c readily be disc]n$1 z !y w h a gloss1 & 9 ?is way uni=mity c be ensur$4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t all ( ! p[d] be wa%$ away be=e ! next coat is appli$2 if any is left x w m> ! job4 ,x may be not$ t ! "w ( rubb+ d[n may be done m exp$iti\sly by means ( ! f9e/ grade ( /eel wool4 ,on ! ,cont95t ?is is n[ us$ exclusively1 & x is rapidly ga9+ fav\r 9 ,great ,brita94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,,spray$ ,,%[ ,,c>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--;,,dipp+ ,,& ,,/ov+ ,,b$/eads4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,requirem5ts ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,trades4 ,! foll[+ are a few ( ! special requirem5ts ( diff]5t trades z to pa9t dipp+4 ,! details might be l5g!n$ almo/ indef9itely4 ,,b$/eads4 ,! me?ods adopt$ = ! class ( "w w1 ( c\rse1 dep5d ^u ! quality ( ! f9i% requir$4 ,*eap b$/eads may be done by dipp+ 9 "o coat ( black japan & /ov+ at #cej ,f4 ,9 bett] class "w sev]al coats may be appli$ ei!r by dipp+ or spray+1 & ea* may be rubb$ d[n aft] /ov+4 ,if a good enamel is us$ ?is is unnecess>y4 ,:5 ! "w is :ite sev]al coats--say1 at lea/ ?ree--are necess>y1 = :ite japans _c be made :i* w cov] suffici5tly 9 "o coat4 ,:ite lead %\ld n be us$ 9 ?is class ( "w = ! reason t a good deal ( h&l+ ( p>ts is necess>y1 :ile ! rubb+ d[n is sometimes done ) glass pap] & cause du/1 bo? ( :i* may give rise to lead poison+4 ,all ( ! be/ :ite japans or enamels are made on a base ( z9c oxide or li?opone 7z9c sulphide71 or a mixture ( !m4 ,,collapsible ,,gates4 ,?is "w is usually done by dipp+ 9 pa9t :i* dries flat1 i4e41 )\t gloss4 ,! col\r is1 z a rule1 black4 ,9 fitt+ & adju/+ ! "w 9 ord] t ! p>ts w collapse readily x is necess>y to apply a lubricat+ oil :]e ! rods meet4 ,?is lubricat+ oil is difficult to remove aft] ! adju/m5t has be5 complet$1 & !re=e ! la/ coat ( pa9t is usually put on by h&4 ,x is sugge/$1 h[ev]1 t raw l9se$ oil might be us$ in/ead ( lubricat+ oil1 & t ?is c\ld be wip$ (f z soon z possible aft] ! adju/m5t4 ,9 su* a case ! pa9t c\ld be appli$ by dipp+1 z if ev5 a little ( ! raw l9se$ oil 7 n remov$ x w\ld n int]f]e ) ! dry+ ( ! pa9t to any mat]ial ext5t4 ,,dipp+ ,,sew+ ,,ma*9e ,,p>ts4 ,! process employ$ by a v l>ge firm ( ,am]ican manufactur]s is z foll[s3-- ,:5 ! ca/+s come f ! ma*9e %op !y are boil$ = #bj m9utes 9 ammonia wat] to kill ! grease 7#a ( /rong ammonia to #bj ( wat]71 & are !n r9s$ 9 hot wat]4 ,any holes or inequalities 9 ! ca/+s are !n /opp$ ) a fill] made f dry :ite lead1 mix$ into a /iff pa/e ) "s v>ni%1 br[n japan dry]s & dry lampblack made q /iff4 ,:5 ! /opp+ is h>d ! ca/+s are dipp$ into a black metallic coat+ ?9n$ ) #fb b5z9e to a specific gravity #hej4 ,!y are !n dipp$ ) two coats ( f9i%+ japan 7sp4 gr4 #hcj7 flatt$ ) p[d]$ pumice aft] ea* coat & lea!r$ (f4 ,! p>ts :i* are n plat$ or flatt$ are giv5 #e h\rs /ov+ at #cbe ,f41 & are !n rubb$ ) pumice & c>pet pad until flat4 ,cut out gold transf]s are !n fix$ ) transf] v>ni% & ! "w is /ov$ at #ahe ,f4 ,! p>ts are !n spong$ & du/$1 & are giv5 a good coat ( poli%+ v>ni% 7sp4 gr4 #iej7 ,f9ally ! "w is rubb$ d[n f9e ) glass pap] & pumice p[d] & !n poli%$ ) ma*9e oil & rott5/one p[d] = ! iron1 or rott5/one & b5z9e = ! tables4 ,! latt]1 z well z ! cov]s = ^!1 are n usually dipp$ b bru% f9i%$4 ,,iron ,,rods4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--;,,imm]s+ ,,mangle ,,frames4 ,9 mo/ cases1 iron & /eel rods are be/ pa9t$ by imm]sion1 z ! small surface pres5t$ w\ld cause too mu* wa/e if spray+ 7 attempt$4 ,z 9 mo/ cases ( dipp+1 success dep5ds l>gely ^u ! means adopt$ = h&l+ & dipp+ a numb] ( rods at "o "t4 ,frequ5tly1 /ov+ is requir$ to h>d5 ! japan1 because a rod is (t5 subject$ to consid]able we>4 ,p]haps ! be/ plan to adopt1 :]e ! numb] ( rods to be treat$ w>rants ! outlay1 is to provide me*anism by :i* ! rods are dipp$ & are at once automatically c>ri$ into a /ove1 & by means ( sl[ly travell+ *a9s1 c>ri$ out at ! o!r end4 ,an excell5t contrivance = ! purpose is 9 use at ! ,=d ,motor ,works1 at ,man*e/]4 ,?is consi/s ( a v]tical ov51 heat$ by gas1 & hav+ sl[ly-mov+ endless *a9s runn+ f bottom to top & d[n aga9 to a po9t :]e ! rods are dis*>g$ on to incl9$ runn]s4 ,^! rods are pass$ ?r\gh a ba? ( japan1 are !n tak5 up by ! *a91 &1 dur+ _! progress1 are bak$4 ,a ge> is provid$ by :i* ! "t betwe5 ! entry ( a rod to its dis*>ge may be v>i$ f tw5ty to n9ety m9utes1 or any p]iod betwe51 accord+ to ! purpose = :i* ! rod is to be us$ & ! degree ( h>dness ( ! japan requir$4 ,,iron ,,w9d[ ,,frames ,,or ,,casem5ts4 ,a long n>r[ tank1 say1 f #a foot #f in*es to #b feet wide & #ae feet long1 is suitable = ?is class ( "w1 :i* is usually done 9 "o coat only1 & ?is is q suffici5t to protect ! iron until ! casem5t is fix$ 9 position1 :5 x w1 ( c\rse1 receive additional coats by means ( a bru% 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,x is important t ! iron be dipp$ j z soon z x leaves ! f9i%+ %op1 & x is necess>y t ! surface be ?or\ghly clean$ be=e ! pa9t is appli$1 & p>ticul>ly aft] all scale is remov$4 ,sometimes ! application ( ! s& bla/ is necess>y = ?is "w1 b1 z a rule1 a vigor\s application ( suitable wire bru%es w suffice4 ,ano!r v important provision is a sy/em ( ov]hang+ rails on :i* ! sa%es or o!r articles c be run direct f ! f9i%+ %op to ! pa9t tank1 & !nce to any "p ( ! build+1 f :i* !y may be tak5 z requir$ = %ipm5t4 ,! pa9t us$ = casem5ts is usually grey1 be+ z a rule made ( z9c oxide & lampblack4 ,^! pigm5ts1 :5 mix$ ) a suitable vehicle1 are v durable1 :ile1 ! col\r be+ neutral1 x is suitable z an und]coat = gre51 z well z ne>ly any o!r col\r :i* x may be desir$ to use z a f9i%4 ,! weight ( ! pa9t %\ld be #ac lbs4 to ! gallon1 & x %\ld dry ) a semi-gloss4 ,! elevat+ app>atus ne$ only be ( a simple "*1 & sev]al casem5ts c be susp5d$ & dipp$ at "o "t4 ,= ?is purpose a hang] is us$1 hav+ p]=ations ?r\gh :i* "o end ( ! hooks pass4 ,"o =m is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ba4 ,by ! side ( ! tank %\ld be a l>ge metal l9$ floor1 say1 #bj feet by #ae feet1 or ev5 l>g]1 incl9$ t[>d ! tank4 ,! frames hav+ be5 plung$ into ! pa9t1 are at once )drawn & hung 9 r[s to dry ov] ?is floor4 ,! sup]flu\s pa9t drips on to x & runs back ?r\gh a scre5 or sieve into ! tank4 ,! latt] %\ld be provid$ ) a cov]1 to be clos$ 9 :5 ! "w is n be+ proce$$ )4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--;,,iron ,,hang] ,,= ,,susp5d+ ,,sev]al ,,articles ,,to ,,be ,,dipp$ ,,toge!r4 ,9 ?is class ( "w x is unnecess>y to employ a /irr+ app>atus provid$ t ! pa9t is ( ! "r consi/5cy1 & an occasional /irr+ up ) a pole aft] ! "w has be5 susp5d$1 say1 = example1 f ,saturday to ,monday1 w usually be all t is requir$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! l[]+ & rais+ ( ! casem5ts into ! pa9t effectually /irs x up4 ,,metal ,,furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--,,! ,,automatic ,,f9i%+ ,,( ,,pianos4 ,,c>ri] ,,fill$ ,,) ,,six ,,complete ,,pianos4 ,"u ?is head x is int5d$ to include su* articles z de$ boxes1 lock]s1 files & o!r metal goods :i* are requir$ to be pa9t$ bo? inside & out4 ,an enamel /ov+ or bak+ pa9t is usually employ$ = ! purpose1 :ile ! tank mu/ be ( suffici5t size to accommodate ! v>i\s articles t are to g into x4 ,tak+ a de$ box by way ( example1 a l>ge iron hook1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cb is plac$ inside ! box s t x is susp5d$ at an angle2 ! box or boxes are !n l[]$ into ! tank & imm$iately )drawn aft] all ! sup]flu\s pa9t runs away1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! box hangs at a prop] angle to p]mit ( ?is be+ done4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 9 ?is room to exclude all du/1 :i* w\ld consid]ably m> ! "w4 ,= ?is purpose wire nett+ ( ! f9e/ me% %\ld be plac$ ov] ! w9d[s s z to scre5 (f any du/ :i* might o!rwise ent]4 ,a sy/em ( ov]head rails are made1 consi/+ ( an ,l-iron on ! top side ( :i* run two roll]s to :i* are atta*$ hang+ ge>s1 & is suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,at lea/ t5 m9utes %\ld be all[$ = ^! articles to drip ov] ! incl9$ floor adjac5t to ! tank1 & = safety's sake x is z well to employ a workman ) a bru% 9 8 h& to g ov] ea* piece & remove any te>s or runs :i* may possibly occur4 ,metal "w ( ! description nam$ is !n plac$ 9 a /ove & bak$ = ?ree h\rs at a temp]ature ( #djj ,f4 ,! pa9t is frequ5tly gre51 :i* is f\nd to be a good s]viceable col\r & :i* is attractive 9 appe>ance4 ,aft] ! bak+ ! pa9t is q h>d1 & w )/& m or less r\gh usage4 ,if any ornam5tal "w is requir$1 ?is is done aft]w>ds1 z expla9$ "u ! head ( ,/5cill+4 ,! pa9t employ$ weighs #ac lbs4 to ! gallon1 & a f9e me% pa9t /ra9] mu/ be provid$1 ?r\gh :i* ! sup]flu\s pa9t passes z x drips f ! articles on _! way to ! tank4 ,9 ?is case1 z 9 o!rs1 no special /irr+ app>atus is requir$1 z ! comp>atively heavy vehicle & ! relatively light specific gravity ( ! pigm5t employ$ gives little or no opportunity = any settl+ out4 ,,motor ,,p>ts 7,,metal74 ,! v>i\s p>ts :i* g to make up a complete motor c> are diff]5tly treat$ accord+ to _! %ape & size4 ,9 mo/ cases1 /ov+ is resort$ to1 because ! enamel or japan is !reby mu* increas$ 9 durability by ! h>d5+ :i* takes place 9 consequ5ce ( ! high temp]ature4 ,! /eel rims ( :eels are dipp$ by h& into a black japan made especially = ! purpose4 ,!y are hung on hooks & all[$ to dra9 = "s m9utes1 & are !n transf]r$ to ! /ove1 :]e !y are subject$ to a heat ( #cbj ,f4 ,su* p>ts z ribs1 front & re> w+s1 runn+ bo>ds1 %ields1 etc41 are dealt ) 9 ! same way4 ,previ\s to dipp+1 ^! p>ts und]go ! process kn[n z pickl+1 by :i* scale1 grease1 etc41 is remov$ s t a p]fectly clean surface is pres5t$ to receive ! japan4 ,tr\ghs to cat* ! drips mu/ be provid$1 & x is ess5tial t ^! be kept q clean1 s t ! sup]flu\s japan may run ?r\gh gauze & be pump$ back aga9 into ! tank to be us$ aga94 ,,automatic ,,f9i%+ ,,( ,,pianos4 ,,! ,,/&>d ,,hydraulic ,,imm]sion ,,sy/em4 ,any d\bt z to ! p]fection ( f9i% :i* may be produc$ by a c>efully ?\ght out sy/em ( imm]sion or dipp+ mu/ be remov$ by ! fact t su* a sy/em has be5 9 successful use = "s ye>s = ! f9i% ( pianos4 ,x ne$ h>dly be po9t$ out t su* a f9i% mu/ necess>ily be s well done z to approa* p]fection4 ,"o firm has made a special /udy ( ?is subject1 viz41 ! ,/&>d ,v>ni% ,co41 ( ,london & ,new ,york1 & _! ef=ts h be5 mo/ successful4 ,by ?is me?od an absolutely ev5 di/ribution ( v>ni% is always secur$2 no "p ( ! piano case is neglect$ & an enorm\s r$uction 9 ! co/ ( v>ni%+ is effect$4 ,! factory output c be readily increas$ z desir$1 z ! v>ni% work+ =ce ( ! factory c d z mu* or z little "w z trade conditions may dem&4 ,! me*anical details h be5 s p]fect$ t e k9d ( in/rum5t c be h&l$ satisfactorily4 ,! excell5ce ( ! f9i%+ done 9 accordance ) ?is sy/em is attributable to a l>ge ext5t to its me*anical con/ruction4 ,! app>atus us$ 9 connection ) ! ,/&>d me?od ( piano f9i%+ consi/s1 9 ! fir/ place1 ( a /eel tank = ! v>ni% ) an adju/able cov] :i* c be lock$ :5 ! app>atus is n 9 op]ation1 a hydraulic lift = rais+ ! "w sl[ly out ( ! v>ni%1 a small horse-p[] pump :i* is op]at$ ei!r by /eam pressure or compress$ air1 & 9 extreme em]g5cies :]e ! pressure is n adequate = heavy "w1 a small motor = op]at+ ! pump4 ,!re is also in/all$ an app>atus simil> to ! automatic spr9kl] sy/em4 ,a fusible l9k or ano!r me*anical device makes x possible to draw (f ! v>ni% into a tank outside ! ma9 build+s at w1 & = protection 9 case a fire %\ld take place 9 any o!r "p ( ! build+4 ,! pr9cipal inve/m5t = ! piano manufactur] is ! c>ri]s or racks = hold+ ! sep>ate pieces4 ,! cases are held firmly 9 ! c>ri]s by means ( spr+s :i* are adju/$ = ! introductory c>ri]1 or secur$ by screws 9 ! p]man5t c>ri] :i* is design$ = keep+ ! cases 9 ! c>ri] until !y are ready = rubb+4 ,?is latt] me?od saves ! lab\r ( h&l+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--;,,automatic ,,f9i%+ ,,( ,,pianos4 ,,introductory ,,c>ri] ,,ready ,,= ,,p>ts ,,to ,,be ,,v>ni%$4 ,c>ri]s fill$ ) "w to be v>ni%$ are rais$ f ! floor1 swung directly ov] ! tank1 & l[]$ into ! v>ni% by means ( an hydraulic lift4 ,! spe$ ) :i* ! "w is rais$ f ! v>ni% is controll$ by a lev] conv5i5tly locat$ = ! op]ator4 ,once ! spe$ has be5 det]m9$ & ! lev] set ! app>atus requires m]ely ! sup]vision ( an op]ator1 :o may devote consid]able "t to help+ 8 assi/ants reload ano!r c>ri] :ile ! "o 9 ! tank is em]g+4 ,g5]ally only a limit$ numb] ( c>ri]s are requir$4 ,:5 ! "w is to be remov$ betwe5 coats a l>ge p]c5tage c be h&l$ )\t tack 9 a %ort "t aft] x is tak5 f ! v>ni%4 ,9 ! introductory c>ri]1 p>ts l piano tops1 :i* are f9i%$ on all sides1 require a little additional c>e because ( ! difficulty ( h&l+4 ,?is cont+5cy is provid$ = by ! use ( special head pieces4 ,9 em]g5cies1 = ru%+ out an extra quantity ( "w1 c>ri]s hold+ falls1 frames & small p>ts may be imm]s$ 9 "o-half ! int]val usually requir$4 ,= example1 ^! c>ri]s c be )drawn 9 f fifte5 to tw5ty m9utes1 :]eas = c>ri]s includ+ sides f tw5ty-five to ?irty m9utes are requir$4 ,! c>ri]s are equipp$ ) head pieces adju/able to meet all peculi> local factory requirem5ts4 ,9 fact1 ^! c>ri]s c be con/ruct$ by ! manufactur] to meet all 8 dem&s4 ,! numb] ( c>ri]s necess>y dep5ds entirely ^u ! volume ( "w to be h&l$4 ,b x is desirable1 :5 possible1 to h a suffici5t numb] ( c>ri]s to hold all ! "w until ! v>ni% is suffici5tly dry = rubb+4 ,9 ?is way a trem5d\s am\nt ( lab\r & "t is sav$4 ,p]man5t c>ri]s1 9 :i* ! "w has be5 secur$ by ord9>y screws1 h be5 con/ruct$ by "s manufactur]s at an unusually l[ co/ by _! own ma*9i/s 9 _! own factories4 ,! "w 9 ! c>ri]s c be easily du/$ by means ( air-bell[s or a compress$ air-bl[]4 ,"w f9i%$ 9 ?is mann] is s clean t ! usual s&+ is n necess>y & a consid]able am\nt ( lab\r !reby sav$4 ,t ! ,/&>d hydraulic imm]sion sy/em ( automatic f9i%+ ( pianos has di/9ct advantages ov] ! ord9>y h& process is obvi\s ev5 to ! casual obs]v]4 ,among ! num]\s advantages :i* h be5 effect$ ! foll[+ seem to be wor?y ( special consid]ation3 ,x con/itutes practically ! factory's entire v>ni%+ =ce4 ,its use insures an ev5 coat1 free f imp]fections4 ,coat+ bo? sides ( ! "w pres]ves ! cases consid]ably f %r9k+ & w>p+4 ,a great deal ( lab\r is sav$ by v>ni%+ bo? sides at once4 ,x requires v little m v>ni% ?an ! old1 sl[1 h& me?od z !re is no wa/e f bru%es & pots & absolutely no dripp+ outside ! tank4 ,! ela/icity ( ! ,/&>d sy/em ( piano v>ni%+ elim9ates ! necessity ( additions & r$uctions to ! work+ =ce4 ,! cleanness & ev5ness ( ! f9i% virtually makes e coat a fl[+ coat4 ,! am\nt ( "t & ef=t sav$ 9 ! rubb+ & poli%+ is trem5d\s1 & ! f9i% obta9$ is mu* f9]1 due to ! abs5ce ( unev5 coat+ & ! blemi%es ( p9hol+ & du/4 ,c>ri]s conta9+ six complete pianos ea*1 at an av]age int]val ( "o half-h\r1 w enable ! factory to turn out #ajh pianos ) "o coat+ dur+ a n9e-h\r work+ day4 ,c>ri]s conta9+ eight complete pianos w\ld h&le #add pianos a day4 ,a lift suffici5tly /rong to accompli% any dem& plac$ ^u x c be in/all$ to imm]se z _m c>ri]s at once z w be necess>y4 ,a small] c>ri] conta9+ f\r pianos c be in/all$ = ! manufactur] ) a small output ( pianos1 :i* by ! v nature ( its con/ruction is h&l$ m readily ?an ! l>g] c>ri]4 ,9 coat+ bo? sides ( ! "w a decid$ protection aga9/ %r9k+ & w>p+ has be5 provid$4 ,9 fact _m manufactur]s are tak+ ?is precaution by bru%+ bo? sides ( ! "w4 ,by ! ,/&>d me?od ! "w is automatically coat$ on bo? sides at ! same "t4 ,v little m v>ni% 7n m ?an #e7 is requir$ by ! ,/&>d sy/em ?an by ! h& me?od4 ,! inv5tors' own exp]im5ts1 z well z ! daily use ( ! sy/em by manufactur]s1 %[s t m v>ni% is wa/$ ab\t ! v>ni%+ room ?an is requir$ by ! imm]sion sy/em to coat ! unf9i%$ side ( ! "w4 ,) ?is me?od1 all ( ! small am\nt ( v>ni% t drips (f falls back into ! tank4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4--,,l[]+ ,,piano ,,cases ,,into ,,! ,,v>ni% ,,tank4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4--,,piano ,,cases ,,ne>ly ,,imm]s$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--,,piano ,,cases ,,:olly ,,imm]s$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult tasks ( ! f9i%+ room =eman is to be c]ta9 t ! prop] r$uction is made = ! fir/ & o!r und]coats4 ,?is is entirely elim9at$ ) ! use ( ! ,/&>d sy/em ( piano f9i%+4 ,?is process alone makes x possible to apply a m9imum quantity ( v>ni% suffici5t to )/& ! /ra9 ( rubb+ & poli%+4 ,?is less5s ! possibility ( %r9k+ & crack+ :i* excessive v>ni% coats appli$ by bru% involves4 ,! sl[] ! spe$ ( ! lift1 ! less v>ni% is appli$ to ! "w1 consequ5tly !re is a gradual regulation ( ! am\nt ( v>ni% = ! sep>ate coats4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4--,,piano ,,cases ,,ab\t ,,to ,,be ,,dipp$4 ,! =ego+ description1 toge!r ) ! accompany+ illu/rations1 w enable ! read] to und]/& ! g5]al me?od adopt$4 ,x %\ld be add$ t x is applicable to _m o!r articles besides piano cases4 ,! sy/em describ$ 0 inv5t$ & is controll$ by ! ,/&>d ,v>ni% ,company ( ,london & ,new ,york4 ,,:eels4 ,an extremely +5i\s b effective ma*9e = coat+ hickory :eels ) pa9t or japan is 9 use at ! works ( ! ,=d ,motor ,company1 ,traf=d ,p>k1 ,man*e/]4 ,x consi/s ( a /ation>y cyl9drical vessel ( exactly ! "r size to receive a :eel1 :i*1 be+ plac$ 9 position1 is at once l[]$ into a tank conta9+ ! japan4 ,"h x is made to revolve v rapidly1 by :i* means ! japan is ?or\ghly di/ribut$ ov] e "p4 ,hickory1 be+ a h>d & comp>atively non-absorb5t wood1 ! japan might give too ?ick a coat+ if dipp$ & left to dry 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,to prev5t ?is1 ! :eel1 :ile /ill revolv+ v rapidly1 is me*anically lift$ out ( ! japan1 & is held j above x1 :]e x cont9ues to sp94 ,?is has ! effect ( ?r[+ (f ! sup]flu\s japan by c5trifugal =ce4 ,! cyl9drical sides ( ! app>atus cat* ! japan1 & x runs d[n into ! tank bel[4 ,! :eels are !n tak5 out by a man1 :o we>s gloves1 are /ack$ on edge 9 r[s to dry1 &1 aft] an h\r or s1 !y receive a second coat4 ,aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 or less1 !y are ready = use4 ,! advantage ( rapidly revolv+ ! :eels is t any?+ 9 ! nature ( a drip is entirely elim9at$4 ,?is ma*9e c deal ) #cjj :eels an h\r1 s rapid is ! process4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! ,=d ,works are us+ #b1jjj :eels a week4 ,,"s ,,typical ,,plants4 ,9 ga!r+ in=mation ( up-to-date "* to include 9 ?is book ! au?or has visit$ v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ! firms m5tion$ bel[ has exam9$ ! plants us$ successfully = ! treatm5t ( _m diff]5t goods4 ,! foll[+ is a brief description ( "s ( ! plants inspect$1 al?\gh x by no means exhau/s ! li/3-- ,,c>riage ,,dep>tm5t1 ,,woolwi* ,,ars5al4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4--;,,dipp+ ,a ,,coa* ,,body ,,at ,,woolwi* ,,ars5al4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--;,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,pa9t ,,dipp+ ,,room ,,at ,,woolwi* ,,ars5al4 ,! plant = pa9t+ wagons1 etc41 has be5 9 use = ab\t #ab ye>s & has be5 em95tly successful1 x be+ f\nd by exp]i5ce t a pa9t appli$ by dipp+ proves equally durable to t =m]ly appli$ by means ( bru%es4 ,inde$1 ! durability is increas$ = ! reason1 :i* has be5 po9t$ out else:]e1 t ! pa9t f9ds x way into op5 jo9ts & crevices :i* c\ld n be rea*$ by a bru%4 ,9 "s cases a wagon is dipp$ bodily1 :ile 9 o!rs x is dismantl$ & ! diff]5t p>ts are dipp$ sep>ately2 aga91 ! small] portions are plac$ 9 an op5 wire basket :i* is plung$ into ! pa9t4 ,! build+ 9 :i* ?is pa9t+ is done is ( consid]able ext5t & a l>ge pa9t tank is locat$ at ea* end4 ,a wagon on be+ complet$1 or 9 ! case ( an old wagon1 aft] hav+ be5 prep>$1 is br\ght to ! fir/ tank & is rais$ f ! gr\nd & l[]$ into ! pa9t1 :]e x rema9s = ab\t half a m9ute4 ,x is !n imm$iately rais$1 all[$ to dra9 ov] a tank = a few m9utes1 & !n ov] an incl9$ floor = a fur!r p]iod4 ,at ! end ( ab\t half an h\r a workman inspects ! wagon or o!r article & removes any te>s or runs :i* may h occurr$4 ,! pa9t be+ specially prep>$ ?is is n usually an ardu\s und]tak+4 ,! illu/rations %[ v cle>ly a coa* body 9 process ( dipp+4 ,ov]head rails run ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! build+ & ^u ^! are susp5d$ ! pa9t$ wagons1 :i* are gradually mov$ along ) a v little ex]tion1 su* rails be+ slightly incl9$ to facilitate ?is4 ,by ! "t ! s]ies ( wagons rea* ! fur!r end ( ! build+ !y are ready to receive a second coat ( pa9t1 by be+ dipp$ 9 ! second tank4 ,?is be+ done !y are !n mov$ back1 be+ at once susp5d$ on ! rails until q dry1 :5 !y are hoi/$ to ! upp] "p ( ! build+1 :]e !y are left susp5d$ until !y are requir$ = use4 ,! pa9t is1 ( c\rse1 a special "o :i* is suppli$ 9 pa/e =m hav+ ! necess>y b9d+ +r$i5ts4 ,! col\r us$ is khaki1 :i* is v durable1 be+ compos$ ( e>? col\rs4 ,! ?9n+ is done on ! premises & :ite _s is employ$ = ! purpose1 n turp5t9e1 :i* w\ld be f> too exp5sive4 ,=m]ly b5z9e 0 employ$1 b ?is necessitat$ ! use ( a fan to take away ! fumes :i* came f ! _s4 ,su* a fan is n n[ f\nd to be necess>y4 ,! tanks are fitt$ ) iron cov]s be>+ ^u ?ick felt & are op]at$ by means ( lev]s plac$ at a di/ance1 s t %\ld a fire occur !y c be clos$ at a mom5t's notice4 ,! hoi/ is work$ f ! gr\nd by electricity4 ,=m]ly ! op]ator ( ! hoi/ 0 locat$ 9 a cab ne> ! ro(1 b x 0 felt t ?is w\ld be a dang]\s position 9 case ( fire1 & he n[1 z /at$1 does ! "w f ! gr\nd4 ,! "w done at ,woolwi* gives an excell5t example ( ! actual sav+ :i* may be effect$ by us+ ! pa9t dipp+ process4 ,be=e ! pa9t+ plant 0 put 9 no few] ?an #bjj pa9t]s 7 con/antly employ$2 n[ ab\t #dj are fully able to turn out ! same or ev5 a l>g] numb] ( wagons 9 a giv5 "t4 ,,james ,,gibbons4 ,mo/ ( ! metal %eets z well z f9i%$ metal "w ( v>i\s k9ds made at ^! ext5sive works at ,wolv]hampton are f9i%$ by dipp+ into special enamels or japans made by ,messrs4 ,m&] ,bros4 ,! dipp+ is done by h& & ! pieces are plac$ at ! side ( ! tank to dra94 ,9 "s cases x is f\nd necess>y to g ov] ! "w slightly ) a bru% to remove te>s1 b su* "w takes only a few m9utes & is us$ mo/ly z a precaution>y measure4 ,"o coat is usually f\nd suffici5t1 & at ! prop] "t ! iron %eet or metal article is /ov$ at #bej ,f4 to #cjj ,f4 = two h\rs4 ,_m o!r articles are also dipp$ successfully4 ,,h>rison1 ,,mcgregor ,,co4 ,9 ! ext5sive factories ( ?is firm at ,leigh1 ,lanca%ire1 dipp+ by imm]sion has be5 successfully c>ri$ on = "s ye>s pa/4 ,v>i\s agricultural implem5ts are dipp$ bodily 9 a tank ( pa9t :i* is fitt$ ) a worm agitator1 & is ( simple con/ruction4 ,! iron p>ts are dipp$ sep>ately1 be+ support$ on suitable hang]s1 :ile ! v small p>ts are plac$ 9 wire baskets = imm]sion4 ,,phillips ,,& ,,son4 ,! pa9t dipp+ plant at ^! works1 :i* are situat$ at ,%]b\rne ,/reet1 ,birm+ham1 has be5 9 successful op]ation = "s ye>s pa/ & is appli$ pr9cipally to b$/eads4 ,! tank hold+ black japan measures ab\t #e feet by #ah in*es & is "s #i feet deep4 ,! b$/ead head & foot are sep>ately dipp$ by h& into ! tank :i* conta9s black japan1 & are imm$iately hung on a hook atta*$ to a sl[ly travell+ *a94 ,?is *a9 runs ar\nd a rectangul> space1 & b5ea? is a metal l9$ dripp+ floor4 ,! /ove is locat$ diagonally f ! tank1 s t by ! "t ! b$/ead p>ts rea* x ! dripp+ has ceas$ & !y are ready to be bak$4 ,! /ov+ is done at #cbj ,f41 & is cont9u$ all night4 ,"o coat is f\nd to be ample4 ,a v +5i\s arrangem5t is 9 use = ! application ( col\r$ enamels4 ,?ree %all[ tanks are m\nt$ on roll]s runn+ 9 angle irons "o above ! o!r 9 su* a mann] t any "o tank may be pull$ out :5 requir$ = use free f ! o!rs4 ,z a rule ?ree coats are giv5 = :ite "w & two = gre51 blue & mo/ o!r col\rs4 ,no :ite lead is us$1 b only non-poison\s col\rs4 ,! /ov+ is done mo/ly ov]night at a temp]ature ( #bej ,f4 ,a little rubb+ d[n betwe5 coats is done ) v f9e glass or em]y pap]4 ,! japans are made by ,messrs4 ,?ornley ,knight4 ,9 ^! works safes are pa9t$1 b ! "w is all done by h&4 ,,! ,,=d ,,motor ,,company4 ,! ext5sive works ( ?is company1 at ,traf=d ,p>k1 ,man*e/]1 conta9 z complete a plant = pa9t+1 japann+1 enamell+ & v>ni%+1 z x has be5 ! pleasure ( ! au?or to inspect4 ,) *>act]i/ic ?or\ghness e detail :i* w ensure a fir/ class f9i% ) a m9imum ( "t & lab\r has be5 ?\ght out & appli$4 ,! result is t n only is e "p dealt ) mo/ exp$iti\sly b "o coat ( pa9t is appli$ to ! :ole out] surface ( a motor body 9 ! almo/ incr$ibly %ort "t ( two m9utes4 ,fur!r details w be f\nd 9 ?is book "u ! heads ( ,fl[+-on1 ,motor ,p>ts1 & ,iron ,rods4 ,,m>%all1 ,,sons ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,?is well-kn[n firm ( agricultural implem5t manufactur]s h a l>ge dipp+ plant at _! ,ga9sbor\gh works1 :i* !y employ = pa9t+ v>i\s agricultural ma*9es made pr9cipally ( r$ wood4 ,"s idea ( ! ext5t to :i* ?is process is appli$ may be obta9$ :5 x is said t on an av]age ne>ly #e1jjj pieces pass ?r\gh ! dipp+ plant e mon?4 ,! process is p>ticul>ly well adapt$ = ?re%+ ma*9es & = appliances ( ! k9d :i* consi/ ( ?\s&s ( holes bor$ 9 ! wood4 ,if ! pa9t+ 7 done by h& x w\ld take _m h\rs to pa9t su* a ma*9e1 :ile by dipp+ x is done ev5 m effectually 9 a few m9utes4 ,! prim+ coat only is dipp$ aft] knots1 etc41 h be5 treat$ ) %ellac4 ,! tank measures #ba;ft4 long by #g;ft4 deep & #b;ft4 #c;94 9 wid?4 ,an agitat+ app>atus is us$ & ! lift+ is done by pneumatic appliances4 ,,hayw>d ,,bro!rs ,,& ,,eck/e91 ,,limit$4 ,! pa9t dipp+ plant 9 use at ! works ( ?is firm1 at ,union ,/reet1 ,bor\gh1 ,s4,e41 is ( a comp>atively simple type1 & consi/s ( a %all[ tank 9 :i* v>i\s ca/ iron & /eel goods are dipp$ 9 horizontal position4 ,z a rule1 "o coat ( pa9t is giv51 b 9 c]ta9 cases two are requir$4 ,! bottom ( ! tank is slant$1 & ! cont5ts are /irr$ up f "t to "t1 b no agitat+ app>atus is us$4 ,! pr9cipal goods pa9t$ by dipp+ are ! frames ( ,hayw>d's lights1 :i* are ( ca/ iron & are dipp$ on "o side only1 ! o!r side1 aft] ! glass is fitt$1 be+ done by h&4 ,metal casem5ts are also dipp$ 9 consid]able numb]s1 z well z treads & rises ( circul> /aircases1 /raight /aircases1 balconies1 etc4 ,^!1 be+ made ( ornam5tal op5 ironwork1 conta9 a l>ge numb] ( small %ap$ holes1 & ! dipp+ process is f\nd to be by f> ! mo/ effective4 ,ano!r speciality ( ?is firm are ,hayw>d's pat5t /eel collapsible gates4 ,! fir/ coat ( pa9t is appli$ by dipp+2 ?is pa9t1 be+ black1 dries flat1 i4e41 )\t gloss4 ,,! ,,crittall ,,manufactur+ ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,^! works are at ,bra9tree1 ,essex1 :]e a l>ge am\nt ( /ructural /eelwork is produc$1 ! *ief manufactures be+ metal w9d[s ( all k9ds1 f ! well-kn[n /eel casem5t & sa% to metal w9d[s = use 9 indu/rial dwell+s & specially design$ w9d[s = v>i\s climates1 /eel firepro( doors1 skylights1 /eel (fice & works p>titions1 %op fronts2 frictionless ball race runn]s = slid+ doors1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--,,wagon ,,/ore ,,room1 ,,woolwi* ,,ars5al4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--;,,dipp+ ,,casem5ts ,,at ,,! ,,crittall ,,manufactur+ ,,co4',s ,,factory1 ,,bra9tree4 ,p]haps ! mo/ noticeable feature ( ^! works z f> z our subject is conc]n$1 is ! v complete sy/em ( ov]head rails1 by means ( :i* ! v>i\s metal goods produc$ 9 ! diff]5t f9i%+ %ops are convey$ to "o or o!r ( ! pa9t tanks & !n1 hav+ be5 left to dry1 are tak5 to /ore rooms ready = in/ant %ipm5t4 ,^! rails facilitate h&l+ ( ! v>i\s goods1 & r$uce ! actual exp5diture "u ?is p>ticul> item to a m9imum4 ,! rails are ,l-%ap$1 ! hang] us$ = ea* article or s]ies ( articles be+ ( a simple "*1 consi/+ ( two :eels be>+ on ! top ( ! upright flange1 :ile rods secur$ by bolts pass ?r\gh ! horizontal flange & hold x 9 position4 ,we w fir/ describe ! tank us$ = dipp+ metal w9d[s4 ,?is is #ae;ft4 long by #ab;ft4 deep & only #a;ft4 #f;94 wide4 ,atta*$ to ! tank is a l>ge dripp+ floor measur+ "s #ae;ft4 by #ba;ft4 cov]$ ) %eet iron & incl9$ t[>d ! tank1 s t ! pa9t :i* drips on to x f9ds its way back into ! tank ?r\gh a grat+ provid$ = ! purpose to take (f any dri$ p>ticles4 ,! pa9t us$ 9 ?is "w is made by ,messrs4 ,dock] ,bro!rs1 & weighs #ac lbs4 to ! gallon2 "o coat is f\nd suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,! sa%es or casem5ts be+ br\ght 9 f ! f9i%+ room on ! ov]head rail1 !y are l[]$ into ! tank by means ( a special l[]+ app>atus design$ on ! premises4 ,"s idea ( ?is may be _h f ,fig4 #ca4 ,9 ord] to keep ! load /eady dur+ ! "t x is be+ dipp$1 a slight depression or dip 9 ! rail is made imm$iately ov] ! tank4 ,! sa%es are only left 9 ! pa9t = a few seconds1 & are !n rais$1 all[$ to drip ov] ! tank = p]haps a m9ute or two1 & !n all[$ to drip ov] ! adjac5t floor = p]haps a qu>t] ( an h\r or less4 ,!y are !n tak5 f>!r along & ! pa9t dries 9 ab\t ?ree h\rs4 ,sometimes two1 f\r1 six1 or ev5 eight casem5ts may be dipp$ at ! same "t4 ,atta*$ to ! elevat+ & l[]+ app>atus are hooks :i* pass ?r\gh "o corn] ( ! casem5ts4 ,?is causes ! p>ts to hang at an angle :i* facilitates runn+ (f ( ! pa9t4 ,we come n[ to ! dep>tm5t 9 :i* ! bak+ or /ov+ enamel is us$ z appli$ to metal furniture 9 g5]al1 z m5tion$4 ,9 ?is case ! articles are dipp$ 9 a mann] v simil> to t already describ$1 except+ t a l>ge hook1 simil> 9 %ape to t %[n 9 ,fig4 #cb1 is us$ to support ! article to be dipp$2 ! wide op5+ goes inside ! box or file & holds x at an angle s t :5 x is l[]$ into ! pa9t all p>ts are cov]$ inside & out4 ,a few m9utes are all[$ = dripp+1 & aft] two or ?ree h\rs ! articles are ready to be /ov$4 ,9 ?is case1 ,messrs4 ,dock] ,bro!rs' /&>d col\r1 a v pleas+ d>k gre51 is us$4 ,! /ov+ takes ?ree h\rs at a temp]ature ( #bdj ,f41 or high] 9 "s cases4 ,! tank m5tion$ is1 ( c\rse1 consid]ably wid] ?an t us$ = casem5ts4 ,! dripp+ floor is 9 ?is case incl9$ t[>d ! c5tre1 :i* 9 turn is incl9$ t[>d ! grat+ j outside ! tank itself4 ,if necess>y1 special ?9n]s are add$ to br+ up ! gloss1 b1 z a rule1 ?is is unnecess>y4 ,x is desirable aft] ! article is dipp$ to g ov] x once ) a small bru% to remove any drips or runs :i* may possibly appe>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--;,,hook ,,us$ ,,= ,,susp5d+ ,,metal ,,boxes ,,:ile ,,dipp+4 ,ano!r v important po9t to be att5d$ to is to exclude all du/1 & = ?is purpose ! ,crittall ,manufactur+ ,co4 h erect$ 9 ?is dep>tm5t scre5s ( wire ( ! f9e/ me% ov] w9d[s1 s t no air c pass into ! room )\t ! du/ be+ scre5$ (f4 ,,exclud+ ,,du/4 ,a matt] ( v great importance1 yet "o :i* is frequ5tly ov]look$ 9 pa9t+ iron & o!r goods :i* are to h a glossy f9i%1 ei!r air dri$ or /ov$1 is to exclude du/ f ! ap>tm5t 9 :i* ! "w is done4 ,9 _m eng9e]+ %ops ! nature ( ! bus9ess gives rise to a consid]able am\nt ( du/1 & if ?is is all[$ to ent] ! pa9t %op x w be fatal to ! appe>ance ( ! pa9t$ "w1 z _m specks w inevitably settle on ! "w & m> its appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc--;,,dipp+ ,,casem5ts ,,at ,,bra9tree4 ,,note ,,! ,,n>r[ ,,tank ,,us$ ,,= ,,?is ,,class ,,( ,,"w4 ,a pa9t %op is be/ provid$ ) a concrete floor1 & ?is %\ld be frequ5tly clean$4 ,! workm5 %\ld we> clean ov]alls1 frequ5tly r5ew$1 & ev5 s small a matt] z keep+ ! hair1 be>d1 etc41 clean & free f d&ruff %\ld be att5d$ to4 ,! doors are be/ if d\ble1 & ?ick felt may be us$ ) advantage 9 ! jo9ts s z to practically seal ! op5+ :5 ! doors are clos$4 ,air :i* is admitt$1 ei!r ?r\gh v5tilators or w9d[s1 %\ld be /ra9$ be=e ent]+ ! build+1 & = ?is purpose silk gauze ( ! f9e/ me% is usually employ$4 ,9 "s cases1 cotton wool 9 addition is plac$ 9 su* a position t ! air mu/ pass ?r\gh x be=e ent]+ ! room4 ,if ^! precautions are tak5 x w be f\nd t ! quality ( ! "w is greatly enhanc$4 ,x may be obs]v$ 9 ?is connection t x is important also to provide means ( adequate v5tilation ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,moi/ure *>g$ air has a bad effect ^u pa9t "w4 ,extreme heat is unnecess>y1 b x is v important t ! temp]ature be ma9ta9$ at a uni=m rate1 say #fj ,f4 ,if ! room 9 :i* ! pa9t+ is done is v hot1 ! pa9t w be affect$ & be likely to become too ?9 = its purpose2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 if ! room or articles to be pa9t$ are v cold1 ! pa9t or enamel w h a t5d5cy to congeal4 ,bo? ( ^! defects c be rem$i$1 z already /at$1 by a good sy/em ( v5tilation & ma9ta9+ ! heat1 night & day1 at a uni=m temp]ature4 ,a ,,model ,,dry+ ,,room4 ,! imm5se importance ( provid+ a uni=m temp]ature & ensur+ an adequate sy/em ( v5tilation 9 ! room 9 :i* goods are plac$ = air dry+ c h>dly be exagg]at$4 ,unless su* a sy/em is 9 use ! actual dry+ may be greatly ret>d$ & ! "w /& a *ance ( be+ spoil$4 ,9 connection ) "s ( ! plant inspect$ by ! au?or x mu/ be admitt$ t ! provision made 9 ?is respect falls f> %ort ( :at is ne$$4 ,9 "o case ! "w ( rubb+ d[n 0 proce$+ 9 ! same %op1 al?\gh 9 a diff]5t "p1 9 :i* v>i\s goods :i* _h be5 dipp$ 7 hang+ up to dry4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t "u su* conditions x 0 impossible to keep ! "w free f specks4 ,9 o!r cases ! dry+ rooms 7 inadequate because ( ! ineffici5cy ( doors & w9d[s4 ,^!1 x may be rem>k$1 %\ld always be d\ble s z to ma9ta9 ! heat uni=mly4 ,e v>ni% us] kn[s t a draught ( cold air :i* is all[$ to rea* a coat ( v>ni% :ile dry+ is fatal alike to its appe>ance & durability4 ,! result is almo/ c]ta9 to be a case ( bloom+1 :i* to ! un9itiat$ may be describ$ z a film n unlike ! bloom ( a fre%ly col\r$ plum :i* comes on ! surface ( v>ni% expos$ "u su* conditions4 ,^? unacqua9t$ ) v>ni% vag>ies are apt to reg>d ?is tr\ble z be+ ! result ( inf]ior mat]ials us$ 9 its manufacture4 ,z a matt] ( fact x indicates no?+ ( ! k9d because1 speak+ g5]ally1 ! high] grades ( v>ni%es are ! mo/ susceptible4 ,)\t d\bt ! be/ & by f> ! mo/ economical plan to adopt is to h a dry+ room specially built = ! purpose ( receiv+ ! articles to be dri$4 ,if con/ruct$ on sci5tific pr9ciples ?is w n only give a uni=m temp]ature entirely free f draughts & du/ b w consid]ably exp$ite ! "w1 !reby all[+ ( a quick] deliv]y ( goods & effect+ a great sav+ ( valuable floor space4 ,! au?or inspect$ su* a dry+ room at ! works ( ,messrs4 ,p9*91 ,johnson1 & ,co41 ,ltd41 at ,silv]t[n1 & a description ( x w d\btless prove ( int]e/4 ,x is built ( #e-ply wood & is ab\t #af feet squ>e1 suffici5tly l>ge to hold two full-siz$ motor bodies or sev]al doz5 p]ambulators1 h& wagons1 etc4 ,! actual size may1 ( c\rse1 be v>i$ accord+ to ! size ( & numb] ( articles to be dri$4 ,air is admitt$ ?r\gh two ducts situat$ close to ! floor ?r\gh f9e wire gauze1 :i* is provid$ ) a lift+ cov] by :i* ! am\nt ( air admitt$ may be regulat$4 ,imm$iately ov] ! two air ducts m5tion$ is a coil ( /eam pipes :i* heats ! air to1 say1 #aaj ,f4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 causes x to rise t[>d ! ceil+1 b ! angle betwe5 ! ceil+ & wall is r\nd$ (f by a cove1 s t ! curr5t ( heat$ air is direct$ along ! ceil+ t[>d ! c5tre ( ! room :]e !re is ano!r cove & b5ea? x a coil ( cold air pipes :i* l[]s ! temp]ature some:at4 ,?us is creat$ a con/ant motion ( ! air :i* may be reg>d$ z ! ess5ce ( ! sy/em4 ,b !re is ano!r v important provision 9 ! %ape ( an automatic control4 ,?is cuts (f ! /eam :5 any desir$ heat is atta9$ s t :5 ! dry+ room is fill$ up at night be=e ! works close x c safely be left until ! morn+ :5 ! drop 9 temp]ature w n be m ?an #b degrees4 ,! /eam may be admitt$ at1 say1 #aj lbs4 pressure1 b z soon z ! room is heat$ f #b to #b lbs4 w be f\nd to be suffici5t4 ,! actual "t = heat+ ! room to #abj ,f4 is f #ae to #bj m9utes4 ,! spe$ ) :i* "w is turn$ out by ?is well-consid]$ adjunct may be gaug$ f ! fact t a panel may receive "o coat ( enamel & two coats ( flatt+ v>ni% 9 "o day1 or f\r coats ( japan 9 ! same p]iod4 ,9 addition to ! advantages m5tion$ is ! mo/ important "o t ! dry+ room r5d]s ! manufactur] :o is =tunate en\gh to possess "o q indep5d5t ( ! wea!r4 ,9 ! words ( ! inv5tors & pat5tees1 "o enabl$ by its use to create "o's own climate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4--;,,design ,,= ,,%[ ,,c>d ,,done ,,by ,,spray+4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,pa9ts ,,= ,,dipp+4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ! pa9t employ$ = ?is purpose mu/ be ( a special "*4 ,!re are sev]al firms ( manufactur]s :o make a speciality ( ?is class ( pa9ts & supply !m ei!r ready = use or 9 pa/e =m1 requir+ only ! addition ( :ite _s or o!r suitable ?9n] to br+ !m to ! "r consi/5cy4 ,! foll[+ may be consid]$ z ! necess>y qualities ( a pa9t suitable = ?is purpose3-- #a4 ,x mu/ dry h>d 9 n less ?an six h\rs4 #b4 ,! pigm5t mu/ be ( su* a specific gravity t :5 mix$ ) a suitable vehicle or ?9n] to =m a pa9t ! pigm5t w n quickly deposit at ! bottom ( ! tank or settle out4 #c4 ,! consi/5cy ( ! pa9t mu/ be s arrang$ t only a m9imum quantity w run (f1 :ile x mu/ n be s ?ick z to give rise to te>s or runs4 ,:ite lead :i* has a specific gravity ( ab\t #f4gej is = ! reason m5tion$ usually consid]$ too heavy1 & 9 ! case ( a :ite or grey pa9t1 z9c oxide :i* has a specific gravity ( #e4dgj is us$ 9 pref]5ce4 ,! foll[+ col\rs may also be successfully employ$1 because ( _! l[ specific gravity1 viz41 ,ox=d o*re 7s4 g4 #b4hbb71 ,v5etian r$ 7s4 g4 #c4efj71 ,indian r$ 7#d4gcb71 gold5 o*re 7#c4ajg71 ,italian raw si5na 7#c4jha71 burnt si5na 7#c4dgg71 ,turkey umb] 7#c4dif71 ,prussian blue 7#a4ief71 bone black 7#b4cai74 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! e>? col\rs1 su* z o*re1 si5na1 umb]1 etc41 are all light pigm5ts1 & z !y are also recognis$ z be+ ! mo/ durable1 !y are em95tly well suit$ = use 9 _m positions1 al?\gh ! col\r is n always v agreeable4 ,precipitat$ b>ytes 7s4 g4 #d4add7 c be us$ up to1 say1 a proportion ( #aj p] c5t4--n m2 r$ lead 7s4 g4 #h4fha7 _c be us$ = ?is purpose1 z x is f> too heavy1 & ! same applies to ,engli% v]milion 7s4 g4 #g4gbf74 ,if1 h[ev]1 a bright col\r is requir$1 x may be obta9$ by dipp+ 9 ,v5etian r$ or ,indian r$ & giv+ a second coat ( crimson lake 7s4 g4 #a4hih71 b a coat ( v>ni% %\ld be spray$ ^u ?is = protective purposes4 ,9 consid]+ ?is subject1 x is well to rememb] t mu* w dep5d ^u ! ?ickness ( ! vehicle us$1 z1 cle>ly1 a fairly heavy pigm5t w settle out 9 a ?9 vehicle mu* quick] ?an x w\ld 9 a comp>atively ?ick "o4 ,! successful pa9t1 !re=e1 is "o 9 :i* bo? consid]ations are tak5 into acc\nt4 ,v r>ely inde$ does x pay manufactur]s to attempt to gr9d or prep>e pa9ts !mselves1 & mu* great] satisfaction w be obta9$ by gett+ supplies f a reputable firm :o h made a special /udy ( ! subject4 ,sometimes a :ite pa9t is requir$ = dipp+1 & 9 t case #cj lbs4 ( sublim$ :ite lead1 #aj lbs4 ( z9c oxide & #f lbs4 ( gild]s' :it+1 ) #d lbs4 ( asbe/9e pulp1 mix$ ) #i lbs4 ( raw l9se$ oil1 w be f\nd to give good results4 ,a pa9t :i* dries ) a gloss is (t5 desir$ = ! f9i% ( _m articles1 & c be readily obta9$ by fir/ prim+1 !n giv+ a f9i%+ coat ( pa9t on x :i* has be5 mix$ ) suffici5t v>ni% to produce ! desir$ gloss4 ,9 "s cases ?ree coats may be giv51 namely1 ! fir/ or prim+ coat1 ! second1 :i* %\ld be flat1 or semi-flat1 & ! ?ird a coat ( v>ni% pa9t1 :i* w dry ) a gloss4 ,x %\ld be po9t$ out1 h[ev]1 t ! f9i% obta9$ by ^! means is n a little inf]ior to t :i* may be produc$ by us+ ov] ! prim+ "o or m coats ( flat pa9t ( ! desir$ col\r & f9i%+ ) a coat ( suitable v>ni%1 :i* may be appli$ ei!r by dipp+ or spray+1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,a po9t "h wor?y ( m5tion is "o :i* e h\se pa9t] is or %\ld be well acqua9t$ )1 & t is t ! coats ( pa9t t are sup]impos$ %\ld be alt]natively flat1 i4e41 )\t gloss1 & glossy1 9 ord] t ea* may adh]e closely to ! o!r4 ,if ! article to be pa9t$ is wood or any o!r mat]ial :i* is ( an absorb5t "*1 a comp>atively l>ge am\nt ( turp5t9e & oil mu/ be mix$ ) x 9 ord] to all[ = suction4 ,?is w dry ) a semi-flat f9i%1 & a glossy coat or "o hav+ m oil 9 its composition1 may be appli$ ov] x4 ,if a fur!r coat is requir$ x %\ld be flat or ne>ly s1 & 9 t case a f9i%+ coat ( v>ni% w probably be requir$4 ,! pa9ts = ^! purposes may be pur*as$ ready made or ready = ?9n+ d[n1 f firms :o h made a special /udy ( ! requirem5ts4 ,! "q sometimes arises z to :e!r pa9t dipp+ or spray+ c be us$ advantage\sly :5 9 ! f9i% two or m col\rs are to be us$4 ,z a rule ! difficulties c be ov]come by dipp+ fir/ or ev5 ! second coat1 spray+ on ! ?ird or f9i%+ coat1 us+ specially prep>$ masks or %ields ov] ^? p>ts :i* are n to be pa9t$ ) ! p>ticul> col\r 9 use4 ,! foll[+ useful in=mation is tak5 f ,:ite ,pa9ts & ,pa9t+ ,mat]ials1 by ,w4 ,g4 ,scott1 :o 0 = sixte5 ye>s connect$ z pa9t exp]t ) ! ,milwaukee ,h>ve/] ,company & ! ,j4 ,i4 ,case ,?re%+ ,ma*9]y ,co4 ,mr4 ,scott !re=e speaks f a wide exp]i5ce4 ,he says3-- ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( oil mu/ be pres5t 9 dipp+ pa9ts to act z a b9d]1 & x is advisable to add a small quantity ( v>ni% to hold ! pa9t toge!r4 ,! desir$ features 9 a good dipp+ pa9t are3 fre$om ( fl[ & prop] drip2 suffici5t b9d] to prev5t *alk9ess & produce a firm coat2 cov]+ capacity & an ev5 di/ribution ( ! pa9t4 ,non-absorb5t surfaces l metal & h>d wood require less oil ?an ! absorb5t s(t woods4 ,9 ! =m] case !re is little or no p5etration ( ! liquid portion ( ! pa9t1 b ) p9e1 bass wood1 :ite wood1 popl>1 etc41 ne>ly all ( ! liquid is absorb$ or tak5 up by ! wood1 consequ5tly ) b5z9e only z a ?9n] !re w n be suffici5t b9d] pres5t to hold ! pigm5t :5 ! ?9n] evaporates4 ,:]eas #e lbs4 ( pa/e pigm5t or col\r gr\nd 9 oil & ?9n$ ) a gallon ( b5z9e w\ld produce a suitable prim] on iron or o!r non-absorb5t mat]ial1 x w\ld n answ] = s(t wood4 ,dipp+ pa9ts1 z a rule1 conta9 f #d to #aj lbs4 ( pa/e p] gallon ( ?9n]1 ! prim] conta9+ less pa/e ?an ! second coat pa9ts4 ,! composition ( ! pa/e col\r has mu* to d ) ! dipp+ pa9t2 = in/ance1 #e lbs4 ( pa/e :ite lead to ! gallon ( ?9n] w cov] & "w bett] ?an a mixture consi/+ ( half :ite lead & ! o!r half made up ( transp>5t pigm5ts l *9a clay1 b>ytes1 etc41 nev]!less a small am\nt ( in]t mat]ial is g5]ally und]/ood to be an improvem5t 9 ! way ( durability4 ,asbe/9e1 :it+1 silica & *9a clay are ! in]t mat]ials mo/ (t5 us$ 9 pa/e goods = dipp+ purposes4 ,asbe/9e probably helps to hold ! pigm5ts 9 susp5sion bett] ?an any ( ! o!rs & answ]s nicely = dipp+ pa9ts1 b1 z previ\sly m5tion$1 does n all[ ! pa9t to level out :5 us$ ) a bru%4 ,*9a clay1 on acc\nt ( its l[ specific gravity1 is mu* fav\r$ z a susp5sion ag5t1 b mat]ially less5s ! opacity ( ! pa9t4 ,a small am\nt ( :it+ is a good addition to a dipp+ pa9t1 z x c>ries d[n mu* ( ! dirt & heavy p>ticles usually produc$ dur+ ! process ( dipp+4 ,silica gives ! pa9t too?1 & by "s au?orities is consid]$ an actual necessity 9 prim]s :i* are int5d$ to be s&-pap]$4 ,:ite lead & z9c oxide are ! two ideal :ite pigm5ts consid]$ f a dipp+ /&po9t1 & x w be f\nd t ! majority ( dipp+ pa/e pa9ts on ! m>ket conta9 a notable quantity ( z9c oxide1 ei!r /raight or 9 ! =m ( z9c lead4 ,z9c oxide is g5]ally ! pr$om9at+ pigm5t 9 ! :ite & t9t$ pa/e pa9ts1 & is usually associat$ ) :ite lead 7basic c>bonate71 z9c lead1 & sublim$ :ite lead1 mix$ ) m or less in]t mat]ial accord+ to ! ideas ( ! manufactur] or 9 ord] to *eap5 ! product4 ,! admixture ( in]t mat]ial ) ! col\r$ pigm5ts requires "s k ( ! composition ( ! col\r$ pigm5t2 = in/ance1 lampblack might be safely mix$ ) asbe/9e1 :it+1 silica1 b>ytes1 etc41 )\t detrim5t1 b yell[ o*re conta9+1 naturally1 consid]able clay & silica w\ld h>dly p]mit ( any great addition ( *9a clay or silica4 ,! /rong iron oxides1 *rome gre5s & simil> t9t+ col\rs w /& a l>ge quantity ( in]t mat]ial :5 ! pa9t is to be us$ z a body col\r1 b = v>ni% col\rs x is cu/om>y to use ! *emically pure col\rs & less pa/e p] gallon ( ?9n]4 ,pa/e pa9t = v>ni% col\rs is frequ5tly gr\nd 9 oil1 9 japan1 or 9 a mixture ( ! two1 b f> bett] results are obta9$ by gr9d+ ! dry pigm5t 9 v>ni% ?9n$ to a gr9d+ consi/5cy ) a little turp5t9e4 ,a v>ni% ) a viscosity ( #bj 7wat] #a7 :i* gives a /iff mix )1 say1 #e lbs4 ( pigm5t w1 :5 ?9n$ to a viscosity ( t ( raw oil1 i4e41 a viscosity ( #d1 take ab\t #bj lbs4 ( pigm5t4 ,no set rule c be giv5 = ! k9d & am\nt ( ?9n]s to be us$ 9 dipp+ pa9ts = v>i\s purposes1 b ! foll[+ proportions#a w furni% a key to ! g5]al mixtures us$3-- ,footnote #a3 ,! figures giv5 relate to an ,am]ican gallon1 :i* conta9s #bca cubic in*es1 :ile an ,engli% imp]ial gallon conta9s #bgg cubic in*es4 ,= practical purposes ! latt] may be consid]$ "o-fif? great] ?an ! =m]4 ,,prim]s ,,= ,,metal4 #d to #e lbs4 ( pa/e ?9n$ ) #g_/h to #ca_/cb gallon ( b5z9e or turp5t9e & #a_/h to #a_/cb gallon ( mix+ v>ni%4 ,,prim]s ,,= ,,h>d ,,wood4 #d to #e lbs4 ( pa/e ?9n$ ) #ae_/af gallon b5z9e or turp5t9e1 #c_/fd gallon raw oil1 #a_/fd gallon mix+ v>ni%4 ,,prim]s ,,= ,,s(t ,,wood4 #d to #g lbs4 pa/e ?9n$ ) to gallon b5z9e or turp5t9e1 #ae_/cb to #ae_/fd gallon raw oil1 #a_/cb to #a_/fd gallon v>ni%4 ,9 "s cases1 ) v s(t1 por\s woods1 x may be necess>y to add m raw oil & "s japan or liquid dri]1 b too mu* dri] mu/ n be add$1 z x w %ort5 ! fl[4 ,,second ,,coat ,,dipp+ ,,pa9ts4 #e to #aj lbs4 ( pa/e ?9n$ entirely ) b5z9e or turp5t9e1 or ) #g_/h gallon ( solv5t & v>iable proportions ( oil & v>ni% accord+ to ! surface desir$4 ,v>ni% is advocat$ 9 all ( ^! mixtures1 z x helps to hold ! solids & liquids toge!r & prev5t sep>ation2 x also induces t\ghness4 ,x is ess5tial t a v>ni% be us$ :i* w mix p]fectly ) oil & b5z9e at a temp]ature ( #fj ,f4 ,v>ni% col\rs are be/ ?9n$ ) turp5t9e1 b ow+ to ! high price ( turp5t9e ! l>ge factories insi/ on us+ b5z9e or "s ( ! turp5t9e sub/itutes n[ on ! m>ket4 ,! fact t "s ( ! turp5t9e sub/itutes "w bett] & give a bett] fl[ ) ! pa9t & v>ni%1 is due to ! fact t mo/ ( !m conta9 a heavy di/illate ( petroleum simil> to k]os5e4 ,k]os5e oil has ! d\ble prop]ty ( ?9n+ & imp>t+ fl[ to ei!r pa9t or v>ni%1 b ret>ds ! dry+1 h5ce too mu* mu/ n be us$4 ,dam> v>ni%1 :i* w n /& ?9n+ ) b5z9e )\t sep>ation ( ! gum or becom+ cl\dy1 w p]mit ( dilution ) k]os5e to q an ext5t4 ,s f> z durability is conc]n$1 k]os5e imp>ts m durability & is m wat]pro( ?an any ( ! o!r ?9n]s4 ,comb9$ ) ros9 & manganese oxide1 x may be made to dry l raw l9se$ oil1 b1 ( c\rse1 does n possess ! same prop]ties4 ,9 dipp+ pa9ts1 z 9 all o!r k9ds ( pa9ts1 good judgm5t mu/ be us$ 9 ! mix+1 & x is absolutely ess5tial t pa9ts = s(t wood1 or o!r absorb5t mat]ial1 conta9 en\gh oil1 or b9d]1 to hold ! pigm5t4 ,,:ite ,,pa/e ,,prim]4 ,,extra ,,f9e4 #cjj lbs4 :ite lead 7c>bonate74 #aej z9c oxide4 #ej float$ silica4 ,gr9d 9 #aj gal4 raw l9se$ oil4 ,product #ege lbs4 ,?is pa/e is ?9n$ ) turp5t9e or b5z9e = dipp+ purposes 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,,:ite ,,dip ,,= ,,metal4 #ajj lbs4 ( :ite pa/e4 #ad gal4 turp5t9e or b5z9e4 pale mix+ v>ni%4 :ite liquid dri]4 ,,:ite ,,dip ,,= ,,h>d ,,wood4 #ajj lbs4 :ite pa/e4 #ac gal4 turp5t9e or b5z9e4 #b raw l9se$ oil4 pale mix+ v>ni%4 :ite liquid dri]4 ,,:ite ,,dip ,,= ,,s(t ,,wood4 #ajj lbs4 :ite pa/e4 #ab gal4 turp5t9e or b5z9e4 #f raw l9se$ oil4 :ite liquid dri]4 ,! pale mix+ v>ni% & ! :ite liquid dri] mu/ n liv] ) lead or z9c1 o!rwise1 ! pa9t 9 ! tank w ?ick5 cont9ually4 ,! above =mula produces "o ( ! be/ pa9ts kn[n1 & x is c]ta9ly n a *eap pa9t4 ,,:ite ,,_s4 ,z already m5tion$1 _m firms :o use ! pa9t dipp+ process buy _! pa9t 9 pa/e =m ) ! requisite am\nt ( dri]s add$1 & ?9 x !mselves ) :ite _s1 :i* is a petroleum product specially prep>$ = ! purpose4 ,turp5t9e is1 ( c\rse1 too exp5sive1 & ! _s co/s1 "u normal conditions1 little m ?an "o-?ird ( ! price1 al?\gh exact figures _c be giv5 ow+ to ! fluctuation 9 ! price ( ^! mat]ials4 ,"s manufactur]s use a :ite _s1 to :i* has be5 add$ f #be to #cj p] c5t4 ( g5u9e ,am]ican turp5t9e4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 r5d]s ! mixture some:at exp5sive1 & possesses no advantage except+ t x gives ! *>act]i/ic smell ( turp5t9e2 b ?is1 x appe>s1 is n important 9 a factory1 & ! pure :ite _s is q suitable 9 itself4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,s4 ,roy ,ill+wor?1 ,a4,r4,c4,sc41 ,a4,i4,c41 ,b4,sc41 ,lond41 exp]t to ! ,gas ,light+ & ,improvem5t ,co41 ,ltd41 turp5t9e sub/itutes 7 fir/ plac$ on ! m>ket ab\t #cj ye>s ago1 & consi/$ at t "t ( a mixture ( turp5t9e & k]os5e oil4 ,inve/igations l$ to ! production ( :ite _s1 dry+ z quickly z turp5t9e1 or ev5 quick] if desir$4 ,sev]al grades ( ?is mat]ial are made1 v>y+ 9 fla%-po9t f #hj up to #aej4 ,! fla%-po9t ( g5u9e turp5t9e1 x may be m5tion$ 9 pass+1 is #ij to #ia1 & ! #ij fla%-po9t _s is ! "o usually employ$ = pa9t+ purposes1 al?\gh ! #hj fla%-po9t w\ld answ] equally well = dipp+4 ,! be/ grade is practically free f smell & is suitable = admixture 9 all pa9ts1 except+ ^? hav+ a bituma/ic or asphaltic base1 or pa9ts 9 :i* v common dri]s conta9+ *eap ros9 are us$4 ,a r\gh-&-ready te/ z to ! quality ( :ite _s is to dip a piece ( blott+-pap] into x & hang x up to dry4 ,9 ! c\rse ( an h\r-&-a-half x %\ld h :olly disappe>$1 leav+ no smell or /a9 beh9d x4 ,if !re %\ld be a /a9 ! sample %\ld be view$ ) suspicion4 ,ano!r te/ ( ! same k9d is to drop a little _s on a piece ( :ite writ+ pap] & to leave x = ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r1 :5 x %\ld h disappe>$ )\t leav+ a /a94 ,9 addition to ^! te/s x might be advisable to mix a little _s ) pa9t & to try x exp]im5tally4 ,9 ! evaporation ( turp5t9e x is usually admitt$ t a small proportion1 say1 f #be to #ej1 is left beh9d ow+ to oxidation4 ,9 ! case ( be/ :ite _s1 h[ev]1 v little residue w be left beh9d1 c]ta9ly n suffici5t quantity to int]f]e 9 any way ) ! dry+4 ,! use ( ! _s has prov$ s successful t practically no?+ else is n[ employ$ 9 pa9t dipp+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 important1 ( c\rse1 t ! be/ quality :ite _s be us$1 b z ?is is s mu* less 9 co/ ?an turp5t9e1 !re is no temptation to use an inf]ior quality4 ,,! ,,quantity ,,( ,,pa9t ,,requir$ ,,= ,,dipp+ ,,& ,,spray+4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 r less pa9t w be requir$ :5 x is appli$ by dipp+1 or spray+1 ?an is necess>y :5 x is appli$ ) a bru%4 ,b !re are _m exceptions1 p>ticul>ly 9 spray+1 :]e x may be necess>y to give a coat consid]ably ?ick] ?an usual4 ,! foll[+ table w be f\nd useful z a guide1 b x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! actual space cov]$ w v>y consid]ably ) diff]5t grades ( pa9t1 s t ! table %\ld only be tak5 z approximately correct4 ,9 cases ( d\bt1 c>eful calculations %\ld be made aft] a giv5 quantity ( pa9t1 v>ni%1 or lacqu] has be5 appli$ to a surface ( kn[n area4 ,?is w s]ve z a useful guide 9 ord]+ 9 ! future4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ! quantity ( pa9t necess>y w v>y l>gely ) ! surface to :i* ! pa9t is appli$4 ,= example1 an absorb5t surface1 su* z unprim$ wood1 w require mu* m pa9t ?an metal "w1 :i* absorbs little or none4 ,,spread+ ,,capacity ,,( ,,pa9ts4 ,p] ,gallon ,p] ,gallon on ,wood4 on ,metal4 ,prim+ ,coats #fj to #gj #ij to #ajj ,mix$ ,pa9t #bnd coat #he to #ij #ajj to #abj ,v>ni% 7on pa9t7 #ie to #aaj #abj to #acj ,lacqu] 7on pa9t7 #ajj to #aae #acj to #aej ,enamel 7on pa9t7 #ge to #hj #he to #ie ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,compress$ ,,air4 ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,app>atus ,,employ$4 ,by way ( introduction to ! subject ( ! application ( pa9ts1 enamels1 lacqu]s1 v>ni%es1 /a9s1 etc41 by means ( compress$ air1 a few notes on ! developm5t ( ! me?od may be giv51 if only ) ! object ( correct+ ! impression1 :i* sometimes exi/s1 t su* app>atus z is n[ employ$ is m or less ( an exp]im5tal "*4 ,! e>ly attempts to apply pa9t1 etc41 to articles o!r ?an by ! old me?od ( bru%+ 7 ma9ly c>ri$ out ) a type ( ma*9e /ill l>gely us$ = :itewa%+1 & ! pr9ciple adopt$ 0 to p>tly fill a conv5i5t tank ) ! pa9t or :itewa% & to pump a pressure ( #ce to #dj lbs4 into ! tank by means ( a suitable h& pump4 ,! pa9t 0 =c$ ?r\gh a flexible tube atta*$ to a connection ne> ! bottom ( ! tank1 & at ! o!r end ( ! tube 0 a simple =m ( nozzle ) a trigg] control = ! pa9t4 ,x may be said at once t ?is me?od 0 doom$ to failure ow+ to ! und]ly+ pr9ciple be+ at fault4 ,:ile em95tly suitable = apply+ :itewa% or di/emp]1 x 0 hopeless = pa9t ( a m visc\s "*1 ow+ to ! fact t ! latt] 0 n atomis$ z x issu$ f ! nozzle4 ,! type ( ma*9es ref]r$ to1 viz41 ^? :i* are us$ = spray+ lime :ite1 di/emp]1 :itewa%1 etc41 are fully describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,aft] fail+ to a*ieve satisfactory results ) su* simple app>atus :5 apply+ visc\s pa9ts1 etc41 fur!r exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out ) a some:at diff]5t type1 commonly kn[n z ! kettle type ( spray]4 ,! pr9ciple employ$ 0 to employ compress$ air1 suppli$1 9 ?is case1 n f a h& pump b "s =m ( p[] compressor1 & at a pressure v>y+ f #bj to #ej lbs4 p] squ>e in*4 ,! air 0 deliv]$ ?r\gh a nozzle controll$ by a conv5i5t plung] or trigg] type ( valve1 & imp+$ at an angle across a simil> nozzle communicat+ ) ! pa9t receptacle ( ! spray]4 ,! action ( ! air imp++ on or across ! pa9t nozzle creat$ a vacuum 9 ! pa9t tube1 & !reby suck$ up ! pa9t f ! receptacle & gave a fan-%ap$ spray4 ,up to a po9t ^! exp]im5ts prov$ satisfactory1 b /ill did n ov]come ! difficulty ( successfully deal+ ) intricate %apes1 small articles1 & p>ticul>ly 9 apply+ heavy pa9ts ) fair p]c5tages ( v>ni% embodi$ !re94 ,,! ,,conc5tric ,,=m ,,( ,,spray4 ,att5tion 0 !re=e direct$ to ! conc5tric jet =m ( spray]1 & ?is is n[ almo/ univ]sally employ$ :]e pa9t+1 enamell+1 etc41 is c>ri$ out on a l>ge scale4 ,! advantages ( ! latt] type are _m1 & 9 addition to be+ design$1 9 mo/ cases1 to produce ! greate/ effect ) ! lea/ possible consumption ( air1 !y are also capable ( apply+ ! pa9t 9 v f9ely divid$ p>ticles to ! smalle/ "w1 su* z buttons1 imitation jewell]y1 small electrical cam]a p>ts1 or ( apply+ silky coats to su* l>ge "w z motor bodies1 con/ructional iron "w1 l>ge t9plate "w1 agricultural ma*9]y1 dome/ic gas app>atus1 etc4 at a spe$ approximat+ to f\r to t5 times ! spe$ ( h&work1 & giv+ a f> sup]ior f9i%1 9 _m cases ) less coats4 ,_m p :o contemplate ! subject ( pa9t+ ) a spray ?9k only ( a smo!r ( pa9t be+ dis*>g$ f a nozzle4 ,!y are n aw>e t ! col\r c be bett] controll$ 9 a suitably con/ruct$ spray ?an is possible ) a hog's hair bru%4 ,! fl[ ( pa9t is /opp$ or />t$ in/antly1 & ! am\nt ( pa9t deliv]$ is at all times "u p]fect control1 s t a quantity correspond+ to t deliv]$ by a -in* bru% or p5cil c be increas$ to ! quantity di/ribut$ by a #d-;in* bru% 9 a s+le /roke4 ,9 o!r words1 y h a tool :i* is ! equival5t ( half a doz5 bru%es rang+ f in* to #d in* 9 wid?4 ,a little practice is1 ( c\rse1 necess>y to ma/] ! in/rum5t1 b no?+ l ! practice :i* is requir$ = successful pa9t+ ) hog's hair4 ,! pr9cipal c>e is to put on ! pa9t until ! beads ( pa9t coalesce4 ,too mu* w\ld make ! pa9t run1 too little w\ld n leave ! surface cov]$4 ,:5 prop]ly done ! surface is sup]ior to o!r pa9t+1 z ! hairs ( ! bru% are n dragg$ ?r\gh x to di/urb ! ev5ness ( ! surface4 ,! air pressure requir$ = pa9t+ v>ies ) ! consi/5cy ( ! pa9t1 its viscosity z well z its ?ickness4 ,"s liquids h a quality ( /r+9ess or hang+ toge!r :i* require a high] pressure to break up4 ,?9 lacqu]s & v>ni%es may be spray$ ) #ah or #bj lbs4 to ! squ>e in*1 & f t to ab\t #ej lbs4 w cov] mo/ classes ( pa9t4 ,! l[e/ pressure at :i* a pa9t breaks up is ! be/ pressure to use1 z high pressures h a t5d5cy to make m du/ & put f9e p>ticles ( pa9t 9 ! air1 :]e !y are n want$4 ,! volume ( air has also to be consid]$4 ,?is v>ies ) ! size ( ! ap]ture ?r\gh :i* x exhau/s & to "s ext5t ) ! pressure--= a small nozzle su* z is us$ = lacqu]s & ?9 liquids1 say1 "o cubic foot ( free air p] m9ute1 & up to #c cubic feet = oil pa9ts4 ,:5 x is /at$ t a pi/ol spray] consumes say two cubic ft4 ( free air p] m9ute1 x means :5 work+ almo/ cont9u\sly1 b z ! p]iods ( actual "w d n repres5t m ?an two-?irds ( ! actual numb] ( work+ h\rs1 !re is a m>g9 left4 ,nev]!less1 x w\ld be unsafe to /ate a l[] figure1 = 9 "s cases :]e conv5i5t fe$+ ( ! "w to ! op]ator is arrang$1 ! consumption ( air is cont9u\s4 ,x %\ld also be rememb]$ t ! air is us$ = o!r purposes1 i4e41 a small am\nt is us$ to provide a pressure fe$ ( col\r to ! in/rum5t 9 _m cases1 & :]e a heat] is employ$1 a small am\nt ( air is bypass$ ?r\gh ! pi/ol to keep ?is w>m :5 spray+ is mom5t>ily /opp$4 ,al?\gh ! practice ( heat+ ! air slightly increases ! ultimate effici5cy ( a giv5 compressor1 yet x is unwise to c\nt too mu* ^u ?is fact4 ,9 submitt+ ! foll[+ figures z to air consumption1 ! ,airo/yle pi/ol has be5 tak5 z a type3-- ,= "w ) a tip & ne$le ( #a m_/m4 dia41 #a cub4 ft4 p] m9ute2 #a m_/m4 dia41 #a cub4 ft42 #b m_/m4 dia41 #b cub4 ft42 #b m_/m4 dia41 #c cub4 ft42 #b-c m_/m4 dia41 #c-d cub4 ft42 #d m_/m4 dia41 #e cub4 ft4 ,^! consumptions naturally v>y slightly ) ! adju/m5t ( ! nozzle ( ! pi/ol1 b !y are f actual te/s & s may be tak5 z au?oritative4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,types ,,( ,,spray+ ,,app>atus4 ,we n[ come to a consid]ation ( ! diff]5t appliances by means ( :i* ! actual spray+ is effect$1 & 9 ord] to avoid any suspicion ( p>tiality ! review ( in/rum5ts1 etc41 9 use w be dealt ) alphabetically4 ,,! ,,a]ograph4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce--,,! ,,a]ograph ,,spray+ ,,in/rum5t4 ,fir/1 !re=e1 comes ! ,a]ograph ,co4's ,spray ,pa9t]4 ,?is in/rum5t is ( ! conc5tric jet type1 & 0 "o ( ! fir/ ( ! k9d made 9 ,europe4 ,x is capable ( excell5t "w4 ,9 ,fig4 #ce is %[n "o =m ( ! h&piece4 ,a flexible tube = compress$ air connects ) ! nipple ,a4 ,! f+] lev] ,f controls bo? ! air valve & a col\r valve 9 ! nozzle ,n1 s t little or mu* col\r may be all[$ to pass out into ! curr5t ( escap+ air4 ,! col\r may be suppli$ "u pressure1 ?r\gh a flexible tube f a l>ge pa9t pot1 & pass ?r\gh ! tube ,p to ! nozzle ,n1 or 9 small] quantities f a cup ,c1 :i* is atta*able at ,b1 & :5 s atta*$ cuts (f ! supply ?r\gh ! tube ,p4 ,?is cup is useful :5 small quantities ( col\r are want$ ) frequ5t *anges4 ,a ball jo9t p]mits "w to be done 9 ei!r an upw>d or d[nw>d direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4--;,,=m ,,( ,,a]ograph ,,suitable ,,= ,,spray+ ,,v]tically ,,or ,,at ,,an ,,angle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4--,,! ,,a]ograph ,,electric ,,motor ,,outfit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4--,,pa9t+ ,a ,,gasomet]4 ,9 ,fig4 #cf is illu/rat$ a pi/ol patt]n ( ! ,a]ograph1 :i* has a l>ge side cup :i* c be spray$ at any angle1 be+ adju/$ to facilitate spray+ 9 an upw>d1 d[nw>d or horizontal position4 ,?us "w c be done by x on table1 wall or ceil+4 ,! cup ref]r$ to conta9s ! pa9t or o!r liquid to be spray$1 & a s]ies ( cups may be provid$ = a quick *ange ( col\r1 if desir$1 z w be readily und]/ood4 ,9 cases :]e electric p[] is available1 ! electric motor outfit %[n 9 ,fig4 #cg w be f\nd v s]viceable4 ,x may be describ$ z a spray pa9t] outfit complete1 & x includes a #a h4p4 motor m\nt$ on a trolley ready = use1 :i* c be employ$ = _m diff]5t classes ( "w4 ,9 ,fig4 #ch x is %[n be+ us$ = spray+ pa9t on a gas hold]4 ,x w\ld appe> t ?is outfit might be employ$ = %ip bottom pa9t+1 provid$ t ! necess>y scaffold+ or its equival5t 7 available4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4--,,small ,,a]ograph ,,= ,,delicate ,,"w1 ,,l9+1 ,,lett]+1 ,,etc4 ,go+ to ! o!r extreme1 a =m ( ,a]ograph1 suitable = v delicate "w1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ci4 ,?is may be us$ = photograph ret\*+1 pott]y1 & small decorative "w g5]ally--9 fact1 x is suitable = any "w requir+ delicacy ( "w4 ,9 ano!r *apt] ! subject ( arti/ic "w done by means ( compress$ air is consid]$ at "s l5g?1 & a numb] ( specim5s ( "w execut$ by ?is process are giv54 ,,! ,,a]on4 ,! sy/em ( spray+ is manufactur$ by ! ,de ,vilbiss ,manufactur+ ,co41 ,tol$o1 ,ohio1 ,u4,s4,a41 & #ga1 ,newman ,/reet1 ,london1 ,w4 ,! me?od consi/s1 briefly1 9 spray+ /a91 %ellac1 v>ni%1 or enamel1 z ! case may be1 on ! "w by ! means ( compress$ air1 "u a pressure v>y+ f #cj to #hj p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,! necess>y outfit comprises ! ,a]on spray] itself--:i* is made 9 two /yles & sev]al sizes--! air compressor & receiv]1 an air trans=m] set1 = regulat+ ! pressure & purify+ ! air supply1 a /eel ,fumex]1 9 :i* ! "w is done1 & an exhau/ fan to disp]se ! vap\rs or fumes result+ f ! atomis+ ( ! f9i%+ mat]ial4 ,besides ^! necess>y appliances1 turn-tables are us$ :]e advisable to facilitate ! h&l+ ( ! "w :ile ! a]on+ is be+ done4 ,! two /yles ( ,a]ons are %[n 9 ! illu/rations1 ea* connect$ ) an air trans=m] set to :i* ! air supply pipe is atta*$4 ,9 "o /yle ( ,a]on ! f9i%+ mat]ial is c>ri$ 9 a p9t or qu>t capacity cup =m+ a "p ( ! ,a]on itself4 ,! o!r ma*9e takes its supply f a five-gallon conta9] susp5d$ above ! nozzle4 ,! "w is plac$ 9 ! ,fumex] on ! turn-table1 :i* c be tilt$ at any conv5i5t angle & revolv$ by h&1 & is coat$ on ! top1 sides1 & front1 ) ! draw]s 9 place4 ,draw]s may also be f9i%$ inside by ?is process4 ,a full coat c be appli$ to a v]tical surface z well z to "o 9 a horizontal position4 ,!re are two reasons :y4 ,x is impossible to put on a p]fectly uni=m coat ) a bru%1 especially on a v]tical surface1 & runs & sags are caus$ by ! heavi] portions ( ! coat dropp+ d[n ov] ! light] coat$ spots4 ,) ! ,a]on a uni=m coat ( v>ni% is appli$1 & x is a fact t z ! coat is ! same ov] ! entire surface x w n run1 ev5 if x is z heavy z a bru% coat1 :i* w\ld %[ sags4 ,! second reason is t an ,a]on coat sets some:at quick] ?an a bru% coat1 ow+ to a slight evaporation ( ! solv5t caus$ by ! action ( ! compress$ air4 ,aga91 s9ce ! coat is uni=m x sets uni=mly4 ,= ! same reason ! f9al dry+ is ha/5$ to "s degree4 ,9 bru%+ flat horizontal surfaces :]e a heavy coat is appli$ x is almo/ impossible to avoid fatty edges1 & 9 bru%+ c>v$ or ornam5tal relief "w ! l[ spots are sure to collect m v>ni% ?an ! high places4 ,corn]s & edges 9 panel "w are also causes ( difficulty 9 ?is respect4 ,9 us+ ! ,a]on ! surface v>ni%$ is cov]$ uni=mly & ev5ly1 :e!r flat1 panell$ or c>v$1 ) "o sweep ( ! ma*9e at an ev5 spe$4 ,consequ5tly1 heavy spots1 runs & fatty edges are entirely avoid$4 ,9 apply+ f9i%es ) ! ,a]on a slight r$uction ( ! mat]ial ) turp5t9e or o!r solv5ts is logical2 ) "s mat]ials1 necess>y4 ,r$uc+ is logical on acc\nt ( ! slight evaporation ( solv5t previ\sly m5tion$4 ,9 o!r words1 9 ord] to h ! ,a]on application ( ! same consi/5cy aft] rea*+ ! surface z x is :5 bru%$1 a r$uction ( f #e to #aj p] c5t4 w\ld be requir$4 ,?is is n always desirable by any means1 especially 9 ! case ( ! heavy gloss coat spok5 (4 ,:5ev] a free-fl[+ coa* v>ni% is us$1 r$uc+ is n necess>y4 ,conditions 9 diff]5t plants gov]n ?is matt] to a great ext5t4 ,rubb+ v>ni%es are usually r$uc$ slightly1 z a full-bodi$1 heavy coat is n requir$1 also because a rubb+ v>ni% does n fl[ z readily z a coa* v>ni%4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is ev5ness ( ! coat1 an ,a]on coat ( rubb+ v>ni% is some:at m easily & quickly rubb$ ei!r by h& or by ma*9e4 ,und]coat v>ni%es are r$uc$ to "s ext5t = ,a]on "w = simil> reasons4 ,!y are also m easily s&$ ?an :5 bru%$4 ,pigm5ts1 prim]s or fir/ coat]s are ,a]on$ to bett] advantage if ! pigm5t cont5t is less ?an = bru%+4 ,x is also sometimes desirable & exp$i5t to use a m f9ely gr\nd pigm5t4 ,flat f9i%es are appli$ to great advantage1 &1 because ( great] uni=mity ( surface1 m closely resemble a rubb$ f9i% ?an :5 bru%$4 ,?is spray (f]s p]haps great] advantages 9 ! application ( %ellacs ?an ) o!r mat]ials4 ,x is a matt] ( common k t %ellac is v difficult to bru%1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 x sprays easily4 ,in/ead ( cutt+ ! gum #d or #e p\nds to ! gallon ( alcohol1 z = bru%+1 ! mat]ial is us$ 9 ! proportion ( #b to #c p\nds ( gum to ! gallon4 ,! spray$ coat ( %ellac is p]fectly smoo? & uni=m1 & requires practically no s&+ comp>$ ) ! "w necess>y to s& a bru%$ coat4 ,! ,a]on is simple & easy to op]ate1 & a week's "w is suffici5t to make an effici5t & exp]t op]ator ( ! av]age man4 ,! "w is clean1 &1 :at is m1 is heal?ful & sanit>y1 z all vap\rs & fumes are remov$ f ! f9i%+ room by ! exhau/ fan us$ ) ea* outfit4 ,clean+ ! ,a]on is accompli%$ by spray+ a solv5t ?r\gh ! nozzle in/ead ( ! f9i%+ mat]ial1 & ! :ole ma*9e may be plac$ 9 a c ( ?9n] ov]night if desir$4 ,x is necess>y to clean ! ,a]on b once a day if x is us$ m or less cont9u\sly4 ,! :ole op]ation ( clean+ may be p]=m$ 9 a m9ute or two4 ,!re is usually "s loss 9 f9i%+ mat]ial :5 ! ,a]on is us$1 ?\gh ?is is h>dly noticeable except on small "w1 :5 x may am\nt to #ae or #bj p] c5t4 ,9 _m cases !re is no wa/e1 9 o!rs an actual sav+--:]e coats are elim9at$ by ! use ( ! ma*9e4 ,on an av]age1 h[ev]1 !re is "s slight loss--l>gely ( ! solv5t us$ 9 r$uc+ ! mat]ial4 ,9 any ev5t1 h[ev]1 ! wa/e is (fset _m times by ! sav+ effect$ 9 "t & lab\r1 )\t tak+ into consid]ation ! sav+ 9 floor space1 ! great] ease 9 h&l+ ! "w1 ! bett] quality ( ! "w done1 ! advantage to ! workm51 &1 f9ally1 ! g5]al all-r\nd conv5i5ce ( ! ,a]on sy/em4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,illu/rations4 ,we w n[ give a description ( ! illu/rations ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,a]on4 ,fig4 #dj %[s ! atta*$ cup /raight b>rel ,a]on1 :i* c be fitt$ ) ei!r metal or glass cups4 ,metal cup is ! /&>d equipm5t4 ,atta*$ cup ,a]ons c be furni%$ ) f\r sizes ( nozzles3 ,f--4#jdg dia41 ,e--4#jgj dia41 ,d--4#jha dia41 & ,c--4#jid dia4 ,^! nozzles are select$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! "w t is to be done4 ,fig4 #da %[s an atta*$ cup angle b>rel ,a]on1 a type ( advantage 9 spray+ "w ly+ 9 a horizontal position4 ,9 "s classes ( "w1 :]e ! liquid to be spray$ is apt to settle1 an agitator is requir$1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #db4 ,9 ,fig4 #dc is %[n an atta*$ cup ,a]on ) type ,v d\ble nozzle spray head4 ,?is type is especially adapt$ = ! f9i%+ ( l>ge surfaces1 su* z automobile bodies1 case furniture1 etc4 ,! ,v spray head %[n sep>ately 9 ! above illu/ration is int]*angeable ) ! s+le nozzle spray head1 & c be atta*$ to any /&>d ,a]on4 ,type ,g ,a]on is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #dd4 ,! nozzle is #jbg in* 9 diamet] ,?is ,a]on c also be furni%$ ) o!r sizes ( nozzles to special ord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4 ,9 ,fig4 #de are %[n v>i\s atta*m5ts us$ ) ?is =m ( spray]4 ,at ! top left-h& corn] is a cup hold] & screws1 & on ! "r1 metal or glass cups4 ,b5ea? are clean+ pail & l5g? ( pressure tub+ ) connections4 ,fig4 #df %[s ! con/ruction ( ! ,a]on1 ! p>ts be+ disassembl$ = ease ( clean+4 ,we n[ come to ! type ( ,a]ons :i* take _! supply ( mat]ial f a five-gallon tank plac$ above ! level ( ! nozzle1 ! fluid fl[+ d[n by gravity4 ,?is arrangem5t (f]s all ! advantages ( ! pressure fe$ tank type ) none ( its disadvantages4 ,x is %[n 9 ,figs4 #dg & #dh4 ,! next type is t]m$ ! ,m ,a]on ) ,v-,a spray head & is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #dg4 ,!re is ! same advantage 9 ! use ( ?is ,a]on z ) ! =m] type 9 t ! supply ( mat]ial is tak5 f a conta9] plac$ ov]head1 ! fluid fl[+ d[n by gravity4 ,! slighte/ pull ^u ! trigg] releases ! mat]ial in/antly--! v>y+ ( ! pressure adju/s ! fl[ automatically4 ,z ) ! type ,l !re is b "o adju/m5t4 ,?is type ,a]on is built = l>ge "w4 ,x produces a wide spray1 simil> to ! ,v spray head1 :i* cov]s l>ge surfaces ) rem>kable rapidity4 ,! nozzle c be turn$ s t a full1 fan-l spray is project$ horizontally1 v]tically1 or 9 any int]m$iate position4 ,a conta9] ) agitator & hose = types ,l & ,m ,a]ons is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ej4 ,x is drawn f "o %eet ( /eel & is heavily t9n$ to prev5t ru/4 ,! /&>d & block & tackle 7,fig4 #di7 are furni%$ = hold+ ! conta9] above ! level ( ! ,a]on4 ,! block & tackle1 :i* is ( ! safety1 self-lock+ type1 is recomm5d$ :]e x is possible to obta9 a ceil+ fa/5+4 ,! /&>d 7,fig4 #ea7 c be us$ if ! block & tackle is impracticable4 ,! air trans=m] set 7,fig4 #eb7 is = ! purpose ( regulat+ & purify+ ! compress$ air1 & is a necessity ) ea* ,a]on in/all$4 ,! air du/] 7,d7 is a valuable addition to ! equipm5t = remov+ loose du/ or dirt f ! "w be=e f9i%+4 ,! auto-filt] 7,s7 is = remov+ du/1 grit1 & oil f ! compress$ air4 ,! auto-regulator & gauge 7,r7 makes possible ! regulat+ ( ! air pressure betwe5 #e & #hj p\nds1 simply by turn+ a ?umb-screw4 ,! auto-cond5s] 7,c7 is = sep>at+ moi/ure f ! compress$ air4 ,full details ( ! air compressor & o!r special appliances us$ 9 connection ) ! ,a]on w be f\nd else:]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4 ,,! ,,airo/yle4 ,next comes ! ,airo/yle & ,li?os1 ,ltd41 ) _! ,airo/yle type ,record1 also a conc5tric jet-type1 an illu/ration ( :i* is giv5 9 ,fig4 #ee & a section ( :i* we give also 9 ,fig4 #ed4 ,?is type is l>gely us$ = small1 m$ium or l>ge "w1 & is consid]$ to be extremely s5sitive & v fa/ 9 op]ation4 ,x has a gunmetal ca/+ = ! ma9 body1 & all we>+ p>ts are ( /eel1 temp]$ or case h>d5$4 ,x is suppli$ ei!r ) or )\t pressure f$ accessories1 al?\gh ! mak]s are /rong advocates ( pressure fe$s = mo/ "w1 & ) :i* !y h met consid]able success4 ,9 addition to ! ,record ,pi/ol ?is firm makes o!r types1 & 9 ord] mu/ be m5tion$ ! type ,ultra = use :]e frequ5t *anges ( col\r may be necess>y1 & :]e no cont9u\s col\r fe$ is requir$4 ,?is type is specially adapt$ = /5cill+ 9 oil col\rs1 & is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ef4 ,ano!r type ab\t to be introduc$ is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ec1 = small & m$ium "w1 simplicity ( con/ruction & ease ( adju/m5t be+ specially claim$ = ?is type4 ,?is type is call$ ! ,airo/yle ,pi/ol ,m4 ,yet o!r type ( ,airo/yle may be m5tion$ = small] "w1 namely1 ! ,/5cil & ,univ]sal ,lu/re & ,photo1 :i* is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ec4 ,^! types are ma9ly employ$ = decorative "w1 & give a v wide selection1 b save t !y are employ$ 9 process "w & = textile goods1 !y d n ent] into ! scope ( ?is book4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4--;,,airo/yle ,,type ,,photo4 ,z ! pi/ol type is us$ = all g5]al pa9t+ & japann+1 ! adju/m5t ( ?is may be advantage\sly expla9$ 9 great] detail1 & ref]r+ to ,fig4 #ed ! in/ructions are z foll[s3-- ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4--,,section ,,%[+ ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,! ,,airo/yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4--;,,airo/yle ,,type ,,record ,,) ,,union ,,= ,,cont9u\s ,,supply4 ,a4--,,small ,,pressure ,,b[l4 ,b4--,,small ,,simple ,,b[l4 ,if a wide spray is requir$ ! nozzle #h is unscrew$ to a small ext5t & !n lock$ by means ( a small r+ #h;a1 b if a n>r[ spray is wi%$ =1 ! nozzle #h is screw$ on f>!r & lock$ 9 position4 ,on all-r\nd "w "o position s]ves1 t is1 a position 9 :i* ! recess$ po9t ( ! nozzle co9cides ) ! end ( ! tip #i1 :i* j all[s ! ne$le #e to project ?r\gh x4 ,if x %\ld happ5 t a leakage ( col\r occurs ?r\gh #i :5 spray+ is susp5d$1 ?is may be obviat$ by giv+ an increas$ t5sion to spr+ #ae :i* may be obta9$ by screw+ 9 ! spr+ box #af slightly4 ,x may happ5 t "s =eign matt] becomes lodg$ 9 #i1 9 :i* case ! pi/ol f ! col\r tube mu/ be fir/ disconnect$1 ! nose #d remov$ & ! p>ts bru%$ or swill$ ) turps or _s4 ,?is hav+ be5 effect$1 ! nose #d w be replac$1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! wa%] #c b$s d[n on its seat+ 9 ! body ( ! pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4--;,,airo/yle ,,type ,,ultra4 ,x is well to provide = any possible cont+5cies :i* may arise1 & x may1 !re=e1 be rem>k$ t if any leakage ( air occurs ?r\gh ! air valve #ai1 x w probably be caus$ by "s grit to be f\nd on ! face ( air valve wa%] #bj1 & to remove ?is ! h&le c be tak5 (f by unscrew+ ! mill$ nut #be & ! valve body #bc 9 ord] to get to ! air valve4 ,! replacem5t ( ! p>ts is simple4 ,! adju/m5t ( ! pi/ol = work+ is made z foll[s3--,fir/ release ! screw #ad on cross head #ac1 & :ile ! in/rum5t is connect$ up ) ! air supply1 slightly )draw ! trigg] #ab1 all[+ a small am\nt ( air to pass ?r\gh ! nozzle4 ,:ile ma9ta9+ ! trigg] 9 ?is position1 move ! cross head along ! ne$le until x j be>s aga9/ ! cam #aj1 & 9 ?is position clamp ! same by screw+ home ! clamp+ screw #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4--,,! ,,airo/yle ,,pi/ol ,m4 ,ano!r important po9t is to see t ! lubrication ( ! compressor is c>efully wat*$2 ! sight fe$ lubricator on top holds suffici5t lubricant = #aj work+ days & is capable ( adju/m5t by means ( a ne$le valve4 ,x c1 !re=e1 be easily set4 ,! ma9 be>+s are r+ oil+ & only ne$ occasional att5tion4 ,! fan be>+s are ball be>+s & only ne$ att5tion once 9 six mon?s4 ,,! ,,eureka ,,spray+ ,,ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4--,,! ,,crane ,,eureka4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4--,,! ,,crane ,,record4 ,an inspection ( ,figs4 #eh & #ei w %[ t ?is ma*9e is ( entirely diff]5t con/ruction to ^? already describ$4 ,! advantages claim$ are ! simplicity 9 con/ruction1 ! abs5ce ( complicat$ p>ts :i* might get out ( ord]1 & ! fact t ! ma*9es _c clog 9 use4 ,! op]ation is z foll[s3 ,! fe$ pipe f air tank %\ld be connect$ up ) a high-pressure hose to ! spray] & a fluid nozzle is !n adju/$ s t ! tip ( ! nozzle is 9 alignm5t ) ! c5tre ( ! air nozzle4 ,?is adju/m5t v>ies accord+ to ! ?ickness ( mat]ial4 ,:5 us+ ?9 liquids ! fluid nozzle %\ld be slightly bel[ ! c5tre ( ! air nozzle4 ,:5 ready = spray+ ! valve is press$1 & ?is releases ! air1 :i* bl[s ?r\gh ! air nozzle1 across ! top ( fluid nozzle & draws up ! mat]ial f ! inside1 spray+ ! fluid on to ! "w4 ,! %ape ( ! spray is t ( a fan4 ,! air pressure requir$ v>ies f #bj to #ej lbs4 accord+ to ! viscosity ( ! mat]ial be+ dealt )4 ,z a rule ! be/ results are obta9$ :5 ! ma*9e is held f #d to #f 94 away f ! "w4 ,! ,fr$k4 ,crane ,*emical ,co41 ,arm\ry ,close1 ,bordesley ,gre51 ,birm+ham1 are ! ag5ts = ^! ma*9es1 & x is also manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! rem>ks giv5 "u ! head ( ,exhau/1 ,air ,compressor1 etc41 w apply to ?is ma*9e also4 ,x may be obs]v$ t ! cup hold+ ! metal c be v quickly *ang$1 s t a v>iety ( col\rs may be spray$ "o aft] ! o!r ) v little tr\ble4 ,! price ( ! ma*9e 7:i* may be provid$ ) an agitator if requir$7 is l[4 ,,! ,,inv9cible4 ,^! spray]s are design$ on an excell5t univ]sal movem5t pr9ciple & are p>ticul>ly well con/ruct$ ?r\gh\t4 ,!y fur!r claim di/9ction on ! score t e section is an indep5d5t unit ( /&>diz$ patt]n1 & z sp>e p>ts are always available1 replacem5ts & r5ewals c be made in/antly ) ! m9imum ( tr\ble & co/4 ,!y are made 9 sev]al types to suit v>y+ classes ( "w1 rang+ f ! f9e l9+ & %ad+ ( small objects requir$ by arti/s1 etc41 to comm]cial pa9t+ on ! scale practis$ by motor c> manufactur]s & o!r l>ge us]s2 & important po9ts 9 _! fav\r are ! special facilities provid$ = quick clean+ aft] use1 _! completely enclos$ me*anism1 :i* prev5ts ! p5etration ( any dirt1 col\r or liquid to work+ p>ts1 & ! adju/m5t ( ! ne$le s t no pressure or damage c occur at any "t to ! col\r tip1 ev5 if trigg] is all[$ to snap =w>d4 ,automatic control is also provid$ = "w requir+ a giv5 volume ( col\r1 x be+ only necess>y to turn a regulator to ensure a con/ant fl[ ( any desir$ d5sity4 ,! ,inv9cible ,pi/ol ,spray] type ,e is illu/rat$ 9 section 7,fig4 #fj74 ,! body is gun metal ) work+ p>ts ( f9e/ /eel1 highly poli%$ :]e necess>y to ensure smoo? work+ & m9imum ( we>4 ,! in/rum5ts h a h&somely nickell$ f9i%4 ,,work+4--,:5 connector 7#d7 is atta*$ to col\r cup or ext5sion cock = pa9t pot & connector 7#ah7 affix$ to air-l9e1 ! air bru% is ready to comm5ce "w4 ,,du/+4--,no sep>ate or special du/+ atta*m5t is necess>y ) ! ,inv9cible app>atus1 z a slight pull on trigg] 7#bj7 c>ries back /eel sleeve 7#g71 depress+ /eel ball 7#ae7 & br++ ! air valve 7#ai7 into op5 position4 ,?is all[s a /ream ( air to pass =w>d ?r\gh air *annel 7#ba7 to nozzle 7#a7 & ! projection ( ?is ^u surface to be treat$ removes all du/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4--;,,inv9cible ,,spray] ,,type ,e ,,9 ,,section4 ,,spray+4--,a cont9uation ( ! trigg] pull c>ries back ! spr+ buff] 7#h7 & op5s ! control b>rel 7#aa7 ( ! ne$le valve 7#c7 all[+ col\r to fl[ ?r\gh col\r tip 7#b71 at ! end ( :i* x meets ! vacuum creat$ by ! air /ream1 & is !n 7atomiz$7 brok5 up into ?\s&s ( m9ute p>ticles :i* coalesce ^u meet+ _! object1 & =m a p]fectly level1 smoo? & ev5 surface4 ,,control4--,! trigg] control is v s5sitive1 giv+ a spray+ range f a f9e l9e to ! fulle/ flu% ( ! in/rum5t's capacity4 ,= automatic control x is only necess>y to adju/ regulator 7,no4 #ad74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4 ,,clean+4--,by unscrew+ union nut 7#e7 ! complete =e-"p may be remov$ = clean+ )\t int]f]+ ) any o!r "p ( ! me*anism1 !re=e ! op]ation ( clean+ is always quick & ?or\gh1 ev5 :5 /icky1 heavy liquids h be5 us$4 ,! movem5t = ! above spray] applies to all ,inv9cible spray]s4 ,type ,a = arti/s1 m9iature t9t+1 black & :ite process "w1 etc4 ,type ,b = ,*ri/mas & %[ c>d "w1 etc4 ,type ,c = c]amic "w1 po/]s & s on4 ,a *eap] s]ies is also made :i*1 :il/ lack+ "s ( ! ref9em5ts ( ! /&>d models1 are reliable1 & s\ndly made in/rum5ts4 ,! pat5tees & manufactur]s ( ,inv9cible ,air ,bru%es are ! ,air ,bru% ,manufactur+ ,co41 ,ltd41 ,pneumatic ,works1 #ac1 ,arl+ton ,/reet1 ,roseb]y ,av5ue1 ,london1 ,e4,c41 :o also provide all accessories = complete spray+ in/allation1 su* z air-compressors1 air-receiv]s1 air valves1 r$uc+ valves1 cond5s]s & cl>ifi]s1 pressure pa9t pots & pa9t pot /&s1 exhau/ b5*es1 fans1 turn-tables1 automatic cut-outs1 motors1 etc41 ( :i* complete details w be s5t ^u reque/4 ,,! ,,midl& ,,spray]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fe4--,,! ,,midl& ,,spray]4 ,f :at has already be5 said1 x w be obvi\s t ! mo/ important "p ( a spray+ plant is ! correct con/ruction ( ! actual spray] or spray+ pi/ol4 ,! ,midl& ,fan ,co41 ,ltd41 ( #df1 ,a/on ,road1 ,birm+ham1 h plac$ on ! m>ket a spray] :i* is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fe1 & ?is1 we le>n1 has giv5 a great deal ( satisfaction4 ,its pr9cipal claim to sup]iority is ! simplicity ( con/ruction1 = "o reason because ! spray] may be us$ by ^? :o h b little k ( me*anics4 ,! con/ruction p]mits ( easy clean+1 :i* is ( vital importance1 & = ?is purpose ! ne$le c be remov$ by a turn ( ! f+]s & replac$ ) equal ease4 ,! illu/ration %[s ! l>g] pi/ol1 & x may be m5tion$ t small] sizes are made = f9] "w4 ,,! ,,paas*e ,,air ,,bru%4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ff4--,,! ,,paas*e ,,spray]4 ,?is spray+ ma*9e is manufactur$ by ! ,paas*e ,air ,bru% ,co41 #i1 ,s\? ,cl9ton ,/reet1 ,*icago1 9 v>i\s sizes1 = spray+ by compression air liquids ( all k9ds4 ,! above illu/ration %[s :at is kn[n z ! ,?ree 9 ,"o quick action model ,s bru%1 & is recomm5d$ = use ) heavy mat]ial4 ,in/ead ( ! pa9t pot be+ at ! top an und]slung j> ) alum9ium cov] z %[n on ! l[] "p ( ,fig4 #fg may be us$4 ,?is figure %[s ! same air bru% or spray] ) "o gallon conta9]2 9 ei!r case ! spray+ ( ! col\r or mat]ial is quickly done4 ,! fl[ ( ! liquid is entirely indep5d5t ( ! air circulation4 ,an agitator is provid$ to keep ! mat]ial well /irr$1 & %\ld be us$ ) all liquids :i* h a t5d5cy to settle1 su* z bronzes1 enamels1 pa9ts1 etc4 ,! c\pl+ or tap] /em ( ! flexible metal tube or bottles are easily deta*able1 & "o mat]ial aft] ! o!r c be us$ )\t /opp+4 ,if ! und]slung j> or ! gravity pot be us$ no agitator is necess>y4 ,?is in/rum5t is made 9 mu* l>g] sizes4 ,! g5]al =m ( app>atus is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fh1 ! special f9i%+ hood ) exhau/ fan be+ 9 ?is case employ$1 :ile a pa9t conta9] is susp5d$ on an adju/able /&4 ,9 ?is case a *air is %[n be+ pa9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4--,,l>g] ,,size ,,paas*e4 ,a some:at novel app>atus = sep>at+ oil & wat] is t %[n 9 ,fig4 #fi4 ,?is is con/ruct$ to obviate ! tr\ble :i* is sometimes caus$ by ! oil & wat] 9 ! air ma9 mix+4 ,x is connect$ at ! end ( ! air ma9 z close to ! air regulator or air outlet to ! bru% z conv5i5t4 ,oil gets into ! air ma9 ?r\gh ! pi/on ( ! compressor1 & w 9 "t saturate ! walls ( ! air pipes4 ,! cond5sation ( wat] :i* is due to *anges ( temp]ature makes ! iron pipes sweat1 & a consid]able am\nt ( wat] is accumulat$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,! simple appliance %[n 9 ! illu/ration w remove ?is4 ,fig4 #gj %[s ! ,paas*e ,automatic electric controll] :i* is us$ = automatic />t+ & /opp+ motor driv5 compressor outfits :]e f #a_/h? to #a horse-p[] motors are us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh4--;,,g5]al ,,=m ,,( ,,paas*e ,,spray]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi4--,,paas*e ,,oil ,,& ,,wat] ,,sep>ator4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gj4--,,paas*e ,,automatic ,,electric ,,controll]4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,supply ,,( ,,compress$ ,,air--,,pa9t ,,supply--,,exhau/4 ,! =ms ( spray+ app>atus hav+ be5 select$1 consid]ation mu/ next be giv5 to ! foll[+ details1 viz43--7#a7 ,! supply & degree ( pressure ( ! compress$ air4 7#b7 ,! =m & location ( ! pa9t supply4 7#c7 ,! arrangem5t ( an exhau/ in/allation to c>ry away ! fumes & wa/e pa9t4 ,^! w be dealt ) 9 _! ord]4 ,x is cle> t att5tion has to be paid to a conv5i5t arrangem5t ( r$uc+ valves controll+ ! pressure ( air to ! spray]1 & also provid+1 :at is 9 _m cases indisp5sable1 a pressure fe$ ( col\r to ! spray]1 ei!r f a l>ge pot m\nt$ ov] ! hood1 or a special type ( b[l screw$ on to ! spray]4 ,"s mak]s /ill advocate a simple type ) small b[l screw$ on to ! spray]1 & no means ( controll+ ! pressure save by adju/+ ! safety valve on ! ma9 tank1 ?us necessitat+ t ea* op]ator %all "w at ! same pressure1 argu+ t r$uc+ valves1 pressure fe$s1 etc41 etc41 are unnecess>y ref9em5ts1 b x may be safely claim$ t su* op9ions are made )\t due consid]ation ( ! advantages ( ! m complete sy/em1 & t ! cons5sus ( op9ion is 9 fav\r ( su* ref9em5ts1 giv+1 z !y und\bt$ly d1 a fur!r increase 9 spe$1 &1 9 _m cases1 mak+ practicable :at w\ld o!rwise be impossible1 z well z ensur+ t :atev] "w is to be done1 ! mo/ suitable pressure is in/antly available4 ,9 ! equipm5t ( an effici5t compress$ air plant = pa9t+1 ! type ( compressor employ$1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! air ma91 %\ld fir/ be decid$ ^u4 ,! compressors mu/ be design$ to give an absolutely pure supply ( air free f oil or grit1 & ! air-ma9 mu/ be s arrang$ z to avoid any tr\ble due to cond5sation4 ,?is is ov]come1 fir/1 by us+1 at lea/ = high-class "w1 a horizontal air compressor1 wat] cool$1 ) a s5sitive sight-fe$ ne$le valve lubricator to ! cyl9d]1 capable ( delicate adju/m5t1 s z to avoid excess ( lubrication4 ,ne$less to say1 ! ma*9+ ( ! cyl9d]1 pi/on1 etc41 ( ! compressor mu/ be ( ! highe/ class to ensure satisfactory runn+ "u su* conditions4 ,!n a suitable air filt] mu/ be fitt$ to ! intake ( ! compressor4 ,?is filt] %\ld be ( l>ge diamet]1 & h a gauze scre5 & wad ( cotton wool4 ,! air valves %\ld be s arrang$ t !y may be remov$ )\t break+ ! wat] jo9t1 & be s arrang$ t !y may be tak5 out & replac$ 9 a few seconds4 ,! ma9 tank mu/ be provid$ ) safety valve dra9 cock & pressure gauge1 & ! air ma91 ( n less ?an 94 diamet] b>rel1 pref]ably /eam b>rel1 mu/ be arrang$ to travel 9 a d[nw>d direction f ! ma9 tank t[>ds an end /ation tank1 :i* is a duplicate 9 m9iature ( ! ma9 tank or receiv]4 ,all bran*es mu/ be tak5 upw>ds (f ! ma94 ,su* an arrangem5t1 if c>e is tak5 t ! end /ation tank has its relief valve set to bl[ (f be=e ! ma9 tank safety valve acts1 ensures t all moi/ure is collect$ 9 ! end /ation tank4 ,! ,airo/yle & ,li?os1 ,ltd41 claim to be ! orig9ators ( su* a sy/em1 & x is "h expla9$ 9 pr9t = ! fir/ "t4 ,all exp]im5ts ) a view to scrubb+ or purify+ ! compress$ air ( moi/ure1 oils1 etc41 on ! air ma9 side ( ! ma9 tank1 o!r ?an ! above simple exp$i5t1 h prov$ m or less failures1 ei!r f want ( appreciation ( ! increas$ capill>y attraction set up 9 ! tanks & air ma91 or f ! difficulty ( satisfactorily & frequ5tly clean+ out su* scrubb] z may be ins]t$1 & ! incid5tal difficulty creat$ 9 ! prev5tion ( du/ be+ c>ri$ out ( ! scrubb] ?r\gh\t ! sy/em4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ample air mu/ be provid$ 9 ord] to h suffici5t pressure always available = ! full numb] ( op]ators employ$1 & ?is po9t is "o :i* _c be too /rongly emphasiz$1 = 9 too _m cases firms h in/all$ small compressors & h be5 misl$ z to _! maximum capacity1 ma9ly ?r\gh ov] anxiety on ! "p ( ! salesman to secure 8 ord] = app>atus1 he app>5tly hav+ be5 afraid to ask a high figure = a really effici5t compressor4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ga4--;,,airo/yle ,,air ,,compressor4 ,,capacity #dj ,,cubic ,,feet ,,p] ,,m9ute4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gd4--;,,devilbiss ,,air ,,compressor4 ,ano!r po9t ( importance is t unload+ devices1 cutt+ 9 & out automatically %\ld be avoid$ at all co/ :]e compress$ air is to be us$ = pa9t+4 ,! reasons are t x is mu* bett] to use ! surplus air = ! purpose ( gett+ rid ( ! cond5sation 9 ! way already indicat$1 & t 9 addition mo/ unload+ devices are 9 ! nature ( compromises1 & :ile sav+ only a small am\nt ( p[] mat]ially increase ! we> & te> by ?r[+ ! load 9 ! rev]se direction on ! gudgeon p91 l>ge & small end ( connect+ rod & ma9 be>+s1 & by caus+ a hamm]+ action to be set up4 ,?is applies 9 p>ticul> to air compressors ) automatic valves :]e ! device works by means ( a valve clos+ ! air intake entirely1 & s sett+ up a vacuum 9 ! cyl9d]4 ,a mu* bett] plan is to arrange ! compressor to run at a spe$ suffici5t to give a slight res]ve ( air above :at is ne$$ & to h x runn+ con/antly dur+ ! :ole work+ p]iod4 ,?is may seem at fir/ sight an arbitr>y attitude to take up1 b x is ! result ( consid]able exp]i5ce1 & ne$ n be consid]$ z extravagant :5 x is borne 9 m9d t air compressors ( m ?an #dj to #ej cubic feet p] m9ute capacity are seldom employ$ = su* "w1 & s ! maximum p[] absorb$ is light4 ,! compressor illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ga is design$ & made by ! ,airo/yle & ,li?os1 ,ltd41 & has a numb] ( well ?\ght out ref9em5ts1 bo? z to accessibility & =m ( valve bodies & valves1 & also ) reg>d to ! filtration ( ! air & ! lubrication ( ! cyl9d]4 ,r+ oil] be>+s are employ$ = ! crank%aft1 & ! compressor ?r\gh\t is z c>efully built z a gas eng9e4 ,! mak]s claim t an absolutely pure supply ( air is deliv]$ by ?is compressor at all spe$s up to #cej r4p4m4 ,wat] cool+ is employ$ & v ample cool+ surface is provid$1 n only = ! cyl9d] b also ! cyl9d] cov] is cool$1 & has ! valves locat$ 9 pockets 9 same4 ,an air compressor is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gb1 & ano!r "o1 :i* is wat] cool$1 9 ,fig4 #gc4 ,^! are made by ! ,de,vilbiss ,co4 ,9 ,fig4 #gd are illu/rat$ v>i\s =ms ( air compressors2 a pressure gauge1 safety valve & dra9 cock are furni%$ ) ea* receiv]4 ,^! tanks h weld$ seams & are te/$ to #bjj lbs4 pressure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ge4--;,,a]ograph ,,air ,,pump ,,& ,,tank ,,comb9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gf4--,,! ,,a]ograph ,,type ,,( ,,air ,,pump ,,= ,,l>g] ,,in/allations4 ,"o ( ! ,a]ograph types ( p[] pump & tank is %[n bel[4 ,x is /rongly built1 easy work+1 & is fitt$ ) metal ext5d+ r+s & metal valves1 :i* w supply en\gh air = ?ree spray+ pa9t]s4 ,9 ! illu/ration is %[n ! pump fitt$ ) an automatic regulator1 b ?is may be disp5s$ ) if desir$4 ,! regulator1 !re=e1 w be f\nd ( great value1 n only 9 sav+ p[]1 b also 9 ! we> & te> ( ! pump4 ,! tank is fitt$ ) an air gauge & a spe$ valve1 & ! dim5sions ( ! air receiv] are #ah in*es diamet] by #cj in*es high1 & ! pump has a bore ( #c 94 :ile ! /roke is #g 94 ,! p[] requir$ is #a h4p4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gg4--,,! ,,airo/yle ,,plant--,,g5]al ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,accessories4 ,,! ,,supply ,,( ,,pa9t4 ,= lacqu]+ or coat+ small articles a spray may be us$ :i* is con/ruct$ ) a cup to conta9 ! pa9t1 b = any heavy pa9t+ :]e l>ge surfaces are to be cov]$ quickly a cup on ! h&piece is n ( mu* utility1 & x is necess>y to provide a means to keep ! supply ( pa9t to ! h&piece cont9u\s4 ,?is is done 9 two ways3 ,by an ov]head pa9t pot1 all[+ gravity to c>ry ! pa9t to ! h&piece1 or by an enclos$ pa9t pot ) a regulat+ valve & pressure appli$ to ! surface ( ! pa9t by compress$ air4 ,9 "s situations all t is requir$ is an ov]head pa9t pot1 ! weight ( ! liquid fe$+ x to ! h&piece4 ,an enclos$ pa9t pot has ! v great advantage t 7) a prop] valve7 ! fe$ ( ! pa9t c be regulat$ to a nice degree4 ,! pa9t pot %[n 9 ,fig4 #gg has a damp$ cov] :i* is capable ( be+ quickly remov$1 & a l[-pressure fe$ to ! pa9t is obta9$ f a r$uc+ valve4 ,?is c be set s t ! pa9t c be =c$ to ! h&piece to secure a uni=m fl[ :e!r ! pa9t be ?ick or ?94 ,,! ,,exhau/ ,,in/allation4 ,we next rea* ! "q ( arrang+ a satisfactory =m ( exhau/ in/allation1 :i* has be5 f\nd to be absolutely ess5tial 9 ord] to insure ! heal? ( ! op]ator4 ,?is exhau/ "q obvi\sly op5$ up special problems 9 ! direction ( conv5i5t =ms ( hoods or "w b5*es1 s arrang$ z to c>ry away ! fumes creat$ by ! pa9t di/ributor )\t unduly inconv5i5c+ ! op]ator by reason ( ! draught set up4 ,by "s firms use is made ( ! exhau/ to collect ! residue or surplus pa9t drawn (f by employ+ a v5tilator1 :i* sets up a m$ium pressure1 & int]pos+ betwe5 ! outlets ( ! hood & ! air %aft "s =m ( p]=at$ scre5 or scre5s :i* are readily removable1 or 9 "s cases revolvable & self-clean+4 ,:]e sl[ dry+ japans are employ$1 su* sav+ is ( consid]able advantage1 al?\gh x mu/ n !reby be assum$ t an extravagant wa/age ( pa9t occurs1 = x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ) a spray+ plant !re is no loss ?r\gh evaporation f op5 pots & gradual dry+ up ( ! pa9t on ! sides ( ! pots1 or absorption ( same 9 ! bru%es employ$4 ,actually1 !re=e1 al?\gh x w\ld appe> t consid]able wa/age occurs1 yet 9 practice x is f\nd to be economical1 & ev5 :]e intricate =ms1 su* z cycle frames1 :eels1 c>ri]s1 etc41 or b$/ead "w are to be dealt ) no undue loss is exp]i5c$1 & su* small loss z may be not$ is comp5sat$ = t5 times ov] 9 ! sav+ ( "t effect$4 ,:5 select+ a v5tilator = ! plant1 ! fact mu/ n be ov]look$ t ! f9e p>ticles ( pa9t1 etc41 drawn (f by ! v5tilator gradually coat ! blades ( ! fan1 suffici5tly to mat]ially increase ! friction1 & to absolutely prev5t ! exhau/+ ( ! air %\ld multiple blad$ fans be adopt$4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n1 !re=e1 t = su* "w z compress$ air pa9t+ multiple blad$ fans are to be avoid$1 ev5 ?\gh ^! are sci5tifically design$ & admirable = _m classes ( exhau/ "w4 ,n m ?an #h to #aj blades %\ld be employ$1 & !re mu/ be no belt-drive tak5 ?r\gh ! air %aft1 ?is be+ a s\rce ( cont9ual annoyance 9 addition to creat+ a loss ( effici5cy4 ,:]e simple impellor fans are us$1 long sp9dles %\ld be employ$ p]mitt+ an outside drive1 b a bett] type ( fan is ! c5tral draught type1 pref]ably ball be>+1 z ^! run = ye>s ) no att5tion save occasionally fill+ up ) grease & p]iodical clean+4 ,x may be argu$ t _m ( ! =ego+ rem>ks are n prop]ly )9 ! scope ( ?is book1 yet on fur!r consid]ation x mu/ be conc$$ t !y all h a be>+ ^u ! ultimate effici5cy ( ! in/allation1 & are ! outcome ( ye>s ( exp]i5ce4 ,:5 arrang+ a compress$ air pa9t+ plant consid]able ?\ght mu/ be giv5 to ! mo/ conv5i5t position1 & :]e /oves = artificially dry+ on ! pa9t1 japan1 etc41 are employ$1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t a suffici5t numb] ( ^! /oves are provid$ to give ! plant full scope1 = a v mat]ial sav+ p] annum is effect$1 additional to t accru+ ?r\gh ! lab\r-sav+ effect ( ! app>atus1 by ! fact t ! /oves are fill$ m quickly4 ,:]e bulky "w is to be h&l$1 ! plant mu/ be s arrang$ z to give ample room = gett+ ! "w to & f ! hoods4 ,! volume ( exhau/ air w dep5d on ! "* ( ! pa9t & ! size ( ! cab9et4 ,= l>ge articles a l>ge cab9et is requir$1 & a proportionately l>g] fan w be ne$$4 ,f #ejj to #a1jjj cubic feet ( air p] m9ute %\ld be suppli$ = ea* work]4 ,a hurricane ( air is n requir$2 all t is ne$$ is to keep ! air mov+ away f ! work]1 & ! ord9>y type ( wall fan may be suffici5t = a simple in/allation1 b _c be us$ = l>ge plants4 ,,airo/yle ,,c5tral ,,draught ,,/eel ,,plate ,,fan4 ,?is fan is design$ & made by ! ,airo/yle & ,li?os1 ,ltd41 & is inv>iably specifi$ 9 all _! m$ium & l>ge in/allations = compress$ air pa9t+4 ,x is v c>efully design$ & built specially = ! "w1 & is fitt$ ) ball-be>+s4 ,z w be se5 f ! illu/ration1 ,fig4 #gi1 x is wor? s]i\s att5tion on ! "p ( int5d+ us]s4 ,x is made 9 _m sizes1 f #b1jjj to #bc1jjj cubic feet capacity1 & is v l>gely us$1 n only = ,airo/yle plants1 b also = g5]al v5tilation "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gh4--,,! ,,paas*e ,,motor ,,driv5 ,,fan4 ,9 ! above figure is %[n a motor-driv5 propell] fan manufactur$ by ! ,paas*e ,air ,bru% ,co4 ,x is made 9 v>i\s sizes1 v>y+ 9 air deliv]y f #a1bjj to #aj1jjj cubic feet p] m9ute4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gi4--,,! ,,airo/yle ,,c5tre ,,draught ,,/eel ,,plate ,,fan4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hj4--,,! ,,devilbiss ,,auto ,,cool ,,electric ,,exhau/ ,,fan1 ,,clos$1 ,,& ,,op5 ,,= ,,clean+4 ,,location ,,( ,,! ,,"w ,,cab9ets4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ha4--,,sket* ,,( ,,spray+ ,,cab9ets1 ,,%[+ ,,side ,,light+4 ,z to ! position ( ! spray+ b5*es1 x is a little curi\s to note t 9 n a few cases ^! cab9ets are plac$ fac+ ! w9d[1 ! idea be+ to obta9 z mu* light z possible = ! process4 ,a mom5t's consid]ation1 h[ev]1 w %[ t ?is is n ! correct position1 because ! workman faces ! light1 :i* is ?r[n on ! back ( ! article he is spray+1 9 exactly ! wrong position = 8 purpose4 ,! cab9ets %\ld be light$ f ! back ( ! workman & be1 z f> z possible1 direct$ f ! ro( or ! top ( ! room1 s t x comes directly on ! article to be spray$4 ,cle>ly x is necess>y to provide z good a light z possible 9 ord] t no "p ( ! "w %all be miss$4 ,artificial light w1 z a rule1 be provid$ = work+ on d>k days & aft] ! sun sets1 & "h aga9 ! same provision mu/ be made4 ,pl5ty ( light arrang$ 9 su* a mann] t x is direct$ on ! front ( ! object to be pa9t$ is ess5tial 9 e case4 ,aft] due provision has be5 made = a suitable exhau/1 :i* "q %\ld be left 9 ! h&s ( ! speciali/ 9 compress$ air pa9t+ if satisfaction is to be gu>ante$1 o!r que/ions ne$ att5tion1 su* z provision ( means = h&l+ ! "w1 special turn-tables1 :i* %\ld be ball-be>+1 if possible1 to ensure light runn+ & enable ev5 heavy articles to be turn$ ab\t :5 spray+1 & :5 exam9+ ! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hb4--;,,a]ograph ,,spray+ ,,cab9ets4 ,,! ,,fumex]4 ,9 connection ) ! ,a]on1 ! mak]s supply a special =m ( cab9et or boo?1 made ( /eel1 :i* is call$ by !m ! ,fumex]1 & is illu/rat$ 9 ,figs #hc to #hi4 ,^! are made 9 v>i\s sizes1 f #c feet to #af feet wide1 & #d feet to #ah feet deep4 ,!y are ea* fitt$ ) turn-table & specially con/ruct$ fans = draw+ out ! air1 & ) x ! sup]flu\s pa9t1 enamel1 etc4 ,fig4 #hd %[s a side view ( an #h-;ft4 ,fumex] indicat+ ! /yle ( con/ruction & funnel-%ap$ back cle> to ! floor4 ,! /eel ,fumex] ) ! ,autocool electric exhau/ fan in/all$ is claim$ to insure a maximum exhau/ effici5cy1 & to completely remove all fumes aris+ f ! "w 9 ! f9i%+ room--at a m9imum ( p[] consumption4 ,! ,fumex] is a fire-pro( /eel boo? specially design$ & built = ! height ( s]vice4 ,x is con/ruct$ ( heavy %eet /eel on an angle iron frame1 ) wire glass w9d[s 9 sides & top4 ,provision is made = electric lights--reflector & sockets be+ built 94 ,! back ( ! ,fumex] is funnel-%ap$ cle> to ! floor1 :i* arrangem5t1 toge!r ) ! l>ge fan op5+1 gives maximum exhau/+ results1 especially on l>ge "w4 ,! %ort exhau/ pipe runn+ f ! back op5+ is easy to clean & p]mits ( ! plac+ ( ! ,fumex] ne> outside wall4 ,to take c>e ( all classes & /yles ( "w1 ! ,fumex] is regul>ly made 9 a v>iety ( sizes z above m5tion$ ) ! prop] numb] ( fans in/all$4 ,o!r sizes to meet any special requirem5ts are made to ord]4 ,a turn-table1 :i* is adju/able1 tilt+ & revolv+--ei!r floor or susp5d$ type--is suppli$ ) ! ,fumex]4 ,?is device facilitates ! h&l+ ( a l>ge p]c5tage ( "w4 ,! floor type turn-table is n fa/5$ to ! floor nor ,fumex] & c be remov$ :5 n requir$4 ,! ,autocool electric exhau/ fan in/all$ 9 all ,fumex]s is an exclusive ,a]on sy/em product1 & is p>ticul>ly adapt$ to ! "w requir$ ( x4 ,9 ,fig4 #he is illu/rat$ ! side & front views ( a #d-;foot s+le exhau/ fan in/allation ,fumex] ) susp5d$ type turn-table4 ,! fan motor1 completely enclos$ & protect$ f fumes1 is automatically cool$ by a /ream ( pure air :i* is cont9u\sly drawn ?r\gh ! motor4 ,?is means a fan ( increas$ effici5cy4 ,! motor is only "o-twelf? ,h4,p4 & w d ! requir$ "w at "o-t5? or less ! p[] consumption ( o!r /yles ( exhau/+ me?ods4 ,autocool fans are made 9 "o size only1 ! numb] ( fan units be+ increas$ = ,fumex]s above five feet 9 wid?4 ,9 ?is way ! "r numb] c easily be adapt$ to any k9d ( "w4 ,! mak]s claim t by ?is arrangem5t a bett] di/ribution ( exhau/ is obta9$1 & ! vap\r is mov$ quickly at l[ pressure ?r\gh ! l>ge fan op5+s--?is acc\nt+ = ! small am\nt ( p[] us$4 ,! next illu/ration %[s ! ,autocool electric exhau/ fan bo? clos$ = use & ) motor & blades swung inw>d = clean+4 ,9 ,fig4 #hf is %[n a special ,fumex] ) ?ree exhau/ fan in/allation & automobile body4 ,?is equipm5t1 toge!r ) type ,d ,a]on ) ,v spray head or type ,m ,a]on ) ,v-,a spray head & ! air trans=m] set1 is us$ = prim+ & surfac+ automobile bodies4 ,two v int]e/+ illu/rations are ,fig4 #hh1 ! "o on ! left be+ a ,fumex] ) automatic elevat+ & revolv+ turn-table1 :ile t on ! "r is a ,fumex] ) :eel-jack4 ,! turn-table is revolv$ by a #a_/h ,h4,p4 electric motor1 furni%$ 9 ei!r direct or alt]nat+ curr5t4 ,! spe$ ( rotation is adju/able ?r\gh a wide range by means ( a friction :eel & disc4 ,! table is />t$ & /opp$ by ei!r h& lev] or foot p$al entirely indep5d5t ( motor4 ,a t5-in* elevation ( ! table is accompli%$ by compress$ air act+ on a pi/on :i* supports ! revolv+ p>ts4 ,a h& lev] controls ?is feature1 & ! spe$ ( elevation & l[]+ is adju/able = diff]5t classes ( "w4 ,?is turn-table is especially design$ = h&l+ box-l "w1 f9i%$ inside & outside 9 ! same or diff]5t mat]ials4 ,! elevation feature makes possible ! pa9t+ ( an article "o col\r inside & ano!r outside 9 "o op]ation )\t int]f]5ce4 ,x is also well adapt$ = use on o!r classes ( small "w4 ,! ,fumex] 9 op]ation is %[n 9 ,fig4 #hi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #he4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hf4 ,,! ,,devilbiss ,,fumex] ,,or ,,spray+ ,,cab9et4 ,,accessories4 ,x is difficult to classify accessories z readily z ! spray]s !mselves2 we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) a description ( "s ( ^! z suppli$ by ! firms m5tion$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ complete plant suppli$ is t in/all$ by ! ,airo/yle ,li?os1 ,ltd4 ,!y h1 9 addition to ! spray]s1 a sy/em ( c>ry+ a specially design$ col\r pot on a bracket ov] ! hood cle>ly se5 9 ,fig4 #gg4 ,su* a col\r pot has a clamp$ cov]1 mak+ an airtight jo9t1 & s arrang$ z to be readily tak5 (f = clean+ or re-*>g+1 & ) a spun copp] conta9]1 (f]+ no ob/ruction to ! fl[ ( ! pa9t & r$uc+ loss to a m9imum4 ,connections are provid$ on ! top = ! pressure fe$1 = fill+ up by means ( a funnel1 & = p]mitt+ ! use ( ! compress$ air z a means ( driv+ out ! pa9t f ! flexible tube be=e leav+ ! in/rum5t aft] "w is f9i%$ ea* night4 ,ano!r accessory is a small] pressure b[l made to screw directly on ! pi/ol spray] & design$ to make possible ! use ( _m col\r$ enamels1 :ile /ill reta9+ ! advantage ( ! pressure fe$4 ,pressure is convey$ into ! b[l ?r\gh a flexible tube f a special type ( r$uc+ valve1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #gg4 ,?is illu/ration %[s ! connections z univ]sally employ$ on ,airo/yle plants4 ,! r$uc+ valves are s design$ z to give 9 case ( ! top valve a pressure up to #ae lbs4 = ! pressure fe$1 & 9 ! l[] "o any pressure in/antly f atmosph]ic pressure up to ! maximum4 ,x is ! practice to take ! air pressure f ! air ma9 ?r\gh ! r$uc+ valve into ! l[ pressure tank1 z %[n1 z ?is fur!r ensures t absolutely pure air %all be deliv]$ to ! spray] & a /eady supply ( air at any pressure is always available4 ,! l[ pressure tank is1 z %[n1 a v simple type1 albeit s\ndly made1 & a dra9 tap is provid$ at ! base ( same4 ,la/1 b n lea/1 comes ! type ( flexible tub+ employ$1 & ?is is ! outcome ( mu* exp]im5t+1 9 t ! same is unaffect$ by ! action ( turp5t9e1 :ite _s1 or ev5 naph?a4 ,be=e leav+ ?is "q ! read] is ref]r$ to ! num]\s illu/rations 7see pages #aee to #ahe71 z ^! give a f> bett] idea ( ! complet5ess ( ! ,airo/yle plants ?an is possible 9 ?is *apt]4 ,,turn-,,tables4 ,to facilitate h&l+ ( goods to be spray$1 a turn-table is usually f\nd ( consid]able s]vice4 ,^! turn-tables v>y accord+ to ! class ( "w t is be+ dealt )4 ,9 ,fig4 #hg is %[n "o made by ! ,a]ograph ,co41 ,ltd41 :i* is #bj in*es 9 diamet] by #ab in*es high4 ,x is made entirely ( ca/ iron1 except+ ! cone seat$ be>+1 :i* is ( h>d5$ /eel1 :i* rotates freely & is nicely f9i%$4 ,! weight is #ih lbs4 ,sometimes turn-tables are provid$ ) project+ po9ts to prev5t ! article be+ spray$ f mov+1 :ile 9 o!r cases ! top ( ! table is provid$ ) ridges = ! same purpose4 ,9 all small turn-tables a conical be>+ ( h>d5$ /eel1 prop]ly lubricat$1 is suffici5t = ! purpose1 b 9 ! l>g] "w x is desirable to employ ball-be>+s4 ,:i*ev] me?od is us$1 x is ess5tial t ! table turns v freely s t x c be mov$ almo/ ) a t\*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hg4--;,,a]ograph ,,turn-,,table4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hh4--,,two ,,=ms ,,( ,,fumex] ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hi4--,,! ,,fumex] ,,9 ,,use4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ij4--;,a ,,paas*e ,,turn-,,table4 ,fig4 #ij %[s ! ,paas*e turn-table1 :i* c be rais$ or l[]$ into suitable positions z well z tilt$ at any angle4 ,x revolves freely ) a g5tle t\*4 ,l>g] sizes are suppli$4 ,! necessity ( provid+ = c>ry+ (f ! fumes :i* arise 9 pa9t spray+ has already be5 dealt )4 ,,! ,,auto-,,electric ,,air ,,heat]4 ,?is inv5tion is ! prop]ty ( ! ,de,vilbiss ,manufactur+ ,company1 & is int5d$ to ov]come ! t5d5cy ( ! air to cool z x leaves ! nozzle 9 spray+1 :ile x t5ds to keep x heat$ till x rea*es ! "w4 ,x also raises ! temp]ature ( ! v>ni% or enamel1 produc+ a smoo?1 ev5 f9i%4 ,9 addition to heat+ ! air1 ! auto-heat] w>ms ! nozzle1 !reby rais+ ! temp]ature ( ! v>ni%4 ,because ( ! heat$ air & w>m$ mat]ial !re is a complete elim9ation ( ! pitt$1 pebbl$ or mottl$ effect s noticeable :5 %ort oil1 quick sett+ or heavy bodi$ v>ni%es or enamels are spray$ on flat surfaces4 ,! auto-heat] enables ,a]on us]s to improve ! quality ( _m classes ( "w--9 _m in/ances x op5s up an entirely new field ( usefulness4 ,! auto-heat] & ! air trans=m] set toge!r insure clean1 dry & w>m air at ! prop] pressure1 :i* is an important factor 9 ! production ( ! be/ ,a]on results4 ,! auto-heat] applies ! heat at ! la/ possible po9t be=e ! air ent]s ! ,a]on2 z a consequ5ce !re is absolutely no loss or wa/e ( heat1 z w\ld be ! case if ! air 7 heat$ at "s o!r po9t & !n pass$ ?r\gh ! hose to ! ma*9e4 ,x is v easy to und]/& t if air heat$ be=e ent]+ ! hose reta9$ suffici5t heat to be ( s]vice :5 rea*+ ! nozzle1 x w\ld be s hot t x w\ld de/roy ! hose4 ,9 ! only practical way1 ! auto-heat] ma9ta9s ! heat 9 ! air at ! prop] degree till ! spray rea*es ! "w4 ,! auto-heat] is light1 yet rugg$ 9 con/ruction4 ,x has no expos$ contacts4 ,! conductor wires run ?r\gh ! air hose4 ,x c be atta*$ to any /yle ( ,a]on )\t difficulty4 ,!re is an automatic cut-(f furni%$ ) e auto-heat]4 ,plac+ ! ,a]on 9 ! cup hold]1 or hang+ x on ! hook1 automatically cuts (f ! curr5t--pick+ up ! ,a]on automatically turns on ! curr5t4 ,?is automatic control effects a great sav+ 9 curr5t4 ,z a protection aga9/ ov]heat+ ! auto-heat] is equipp$ ) a fusible safety disc1 :i* melts1 all[+ ! air to escape1 if curr5t is left turn$ on by accid5t :5 ! ,a]on is n 9 use4 ,?is safety device op]ates )9 f\r m9utes4 ,sev]al extra discs are furni%$ ) e outfit4 ,! auto-heat] c be connect$ to any electric light socket1 & consumes only #bej watts curr5t :5 9 op]ation4 ,! con/ruction ( ! auto-heat] w be und]/ood on ref]5ce to ,fig4 #ia4 ,ano!r int]e/+ heat] is suppli$ by ! ,airo/yle ,li?os1 ,ltd41 a numb] ( :i* are 9 use 9 ?is c\ntry ,its g5]al =m c be se5 on ref]5ce to ,fig4 #ajb1 page4 #afe1 :i* %[s a gas-heat$ type4 ,! same heat] is also suppli$ ei!r electrically or /eam heat$4 ,9 all types x has ! same g5]al features1 namely1 a wat]-jacket$ col\r pot1 a special coil = heat+ ! air supply1 :i* is aft]w>ds pass$ ?r\gh ! wat] jacket = ! dual purpose ( rais+ ! temp]ature ( ! jacket & damp+ d[n ! air temp]ature at ! same "t4 ,to a conv5i5t /&pipe ! hot air is c>ri$ & di/ribut$ to ! pi/ol1 & also to a special jacket r\nd ! col\r tube4 ,! ,airo/yle pi/ol is provid$ ) an adju/m5t :i* admits ( ! hot air by-pass+ ! :ole "t s1 ma9ta9+ ! pi/ol at ! same temp]ature z ! col\r pot & ensur+ a /eady fl[ ( ! japan4 ,! heat]s are m\nt$ on a /& at ! side ( ! hood & are complete ) pressure gauges1 regulat+ valves1 special burn] = gas1 or an electrically heat$ pot giv+ ?ree heats1 or = /eam giv+ a wide range ( temp]atures controll$ by ! /eam pressure ?r\gh a r$uc+ valve4 ,x mu/ be expla9$ t ! same result is obta9$ no matt] :i* =m ( heat] is employ$1 & t 9 no case c ! japan be burnt4 ,! heat]s are us$ = ?ick black t> v>ni%1 or cycle japans1 also = c]ta9 gum or glue mixtures & special v>ni%es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ia4--,,! ,,auto ,,electric ,,air ,,heat]4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,/5cils ,,& ,,masks--,,! ,,requirem5ts ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,trades ,,9 ,,spray+4 ,j z 9 apply+ pa9t by imm]sion "s p>ts :i* are n requir$ to be pa9t$ c be protect$1 z already expla9$1 s 9 spray+4 ,c]ta9 p>ts are to be left unpa9t$1 su* z ! plat$ fronts & glass l5ses ( cycle lamps4 ,?is is effect$ by ! adoption ( "s sy/em ( mask+4 ,su* masks are1 h[ev]1 v simple & are sprung on ) a simple wire spr+ or clip1 & s held 9 place :ile spray+4 ,a mask has be5 design$ & pat5t$ purposely = use :5 spray+4 ,?is is describ$ on page #adc4 ,?is mask has embodi$ 9 x a plung] on ! end ( :i* is m\nt$ a rubb] suck]1 & z ! plung] is controll$ by a spr+1 all t is necess>y to d is to depress ! plung] d[n on to ! lamp1 box1 or :atev] article is to be pa9t$2 & z ! suck] ( ! plung] comes into contact ) ! article fir/1 x grips ! surface & ! spr+ beh9d ! plung] =ces ! mask1 :i* may be any %ape1 b is pref]ably ( box =m1 d[n ^u ! article4 ,?is mask is v practical1 b its use is limit$1 to "s ext5t1 to =ms ( lamps :i* d n ne$ any /5cil or mask4 ,su* a /ep1 ne$less to say1 has only be5 tak5 because ! sy/em ( compress$ air japann+ is ! "o ideal me?od--& "o has only to ref] to manufactur]s :o h us$ x = confirmation ( ?is4 ,9 addition to simple masks1 !re are _m m complicat$ =ms1 su* z ^? 9 use 9 gas met] manufactories1 :]e !re are no few] ?an half a doz5 po9ts to be mask$1 & 9 h>dly any case d m ?an two po9ts rema9 ! same ov] numb]s ( met]s to be dealt )4 ,h[ev]1 ?is has be5 ov]come by arrang+ ! masks on a spr+ f\ndation1 & mak+ !m capable ( slid+ adju/m5t 9 two or m directions1 & ! "t tak5 to fix ^! masks is 9 no case m ?an #cj seconds4 ,see+ t ! "t tak5 to bru% a met] 7ev5 a small "o7 is n m ?an sev5 m9utes & ! "t tak5 to spray "o1 ) a sup]ior result1 is n m ?an "o m9ute1 !re is a v consid]able sav+ ev5 aft] all[+ "t = fix+ ! mask4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ib4--,,masks ,,= ,,gas ,,met]s4 ,o!r /5cils are employ$ = lett]+ on plates1 despat* boxes1 & = ornam5tal "w on ca% boxes1 etc41 & ne$ no fur!r description "h o!r ?an /at+ t ^! mu/ be ( some?+ /rong] ?an t9foil1 & n too /rong to prev5t !m be+ press$ firmly d[n on to ! article to be dealt )4 ,9 o!r cases1 /5cils are spun or press$ out to exactly fit ! article1 z 9 ! case ( brass lacqu]$ goods1 rubb] balls1 enamell$ ironw>e1 etc41 & 9 "s cases1 :]e a numb] ( /5cils are employ$1 = "o patt]n1 ^! are arrang$ r\nd a common c5tre1 & h+$ s t1 once ! article is 9 position1 /5cil aft] /5cil may be readily & accurately br\ght into position ov] ! "w4 ,= decorative "w1 v elaborate /5cils are employ$1 ) _m plates = ea* design2 b su* /5cils h>dly come )9 ! scope ( ! pres5t "w1 al?\gh !y are employ$ = wallpap] "w1 & 9 ! textile indu/ries = high-class effects4 ,,! ,,h>t ,,pat5t ,,mask4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ic--,,! ,,h>t ,,pat5t ,,mask4 ,a v +5i\sly con/ruct$1 al?\gh simple1 mask :i* is suitable = _m purposes1 b p>ticul>ly = motor & c>riage lamps1 has be5 pat5t$ by ,mr4 ,walt] ,william ,h>t1 ( ! firm ( ,mat!w ,j4 ,h>t ,sons1 ,great ,b>r ,/reet1 ,birm+ham1 & o!rs4 ,by ?is inv5tion means are provid$ = apply+ ! mask to a pla9 surface s t x may be immovably held )\t caus+ injury to ! surface4 ,! mask1 too1 has ! advantage t x c be plac$ 9 position ) extreme rapidity4 ,by ?is inv5tion ! mask is fa/5$ 9 position by a suction pad1 pref]ably made ( indi>ubb]1 :i*1 :5 press$ on to ! surface to be cov]$1 adh]es !reto by ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e4 ,9 ,fig4 #ic is %[n an inn] face view & a sectional elevation ( ! device4 ,! mask 7a7 is adapt$ to h an axial movem5t 9 relation to ! suction pad 7b7 s t :5 su* pad has be5 fix$ 9 position ! mask may be press$ close ^u ! surface x is requir$ to protect4 ,?is suction pad 7b7 is ( a conical =mation1 & is secur$ to ! end ( ! plung] 7c7 :i* passes re>w>dly ?r\gh a hole 7d7 9 ! back ( ! mask1 & ?r\gh a tubul> ext5sion 7e7 pass+ re>w>dly f ! back ( ! mask4 ,! re> end ( ! plung] has a hole !re91 :i* hole is screw ?read$1 & to su* end a cap 7f7 is secur$4 ,a /ud 7f7 on ! int]ior ( ! flat end ( ! cap screw+ into ! said tapp$ hole1 & ! cyl9drical portion 7f#b7 ( ! cap slid+ly fitt+ ov] ! tubul> ext5sion 7e7 on ! mask4 ,a spiral spr+ 7g7 surr\nds ! plung]1 "o end be>+ on a %\ld] 7h7 at ! re> ( ! mask & ! o!r end be>+ aga9/ ! cap 7f74 ,to fa/5 ! mask1 ! same is plac$ 9 position ov] ! "p to be cov]$ & ! cap 7f7 is press$ d[n1 ?us press+ ! suction pad 7b7 ^u ! surface ( ! article1 to :i* x adh]es4 ,a mask con/ruct$ accord+ to ?is inv5tion is capable ( a great v>iety ( applications1 "o ( :i* is 9 connection ) lamps4 ,t %[n 9 ! illu/ration is int5d$ = ?is purpose4 ,x w be cle> t ! %ape1 h[ev]1 c be v>i$ accord+ to ! article to be pa9t$ by spray+2 = example1 x may be us$ ) advantage = decorative purposes4 ,,mak+ ,,/5cils4 ,:5 x is decid$ to spray ?r\gh /5cils1 x is usual to employ ?9 copp] plates = ! purpose1 al?\gh 9 wallpap] decoration v heavy copp] /5cils are us$1 because1 ^! be+ held horizontally1 ! weight increases ! /iffness ( !m1 :ile x prev5ts !m %ift+ :ile 9 use4 ,9 ord9>y "w1 h[ev]1 :]e a /5cil mu/ be us$ v]tically1 ! light] /5cil w be mo/ useful4 ,if pap] is us$1 ! be/ mat]ial is ,japanese vellum1 :i* is manufactur$ f a special fibre & possesses ! advantage ( be+ easy to cut & makes rem>kably durable /5cils4 ,x is import$ f ,japan by ,jas4 ,spic] ,sons1 ,ltd41 #ae1 ,upp] ,?ames ,/reet1 ,london1 ,e4,c4 ,manilla pap] may be _h f ! same firm1 & answ]s also v well4 ,= "s /yles ( "w1 lead foil gives good results4 ,messrs4 ,locke1 ,lanca/]1 & ,w4 ,w4 & ,r4 ,john/one ,co41 ,ltd41 #id1 ,grace*ur* ,/reet1 ,e4,c41 supply a mat]ial :i* !y call ,f\r-ounce /5cil metal1 :i* weighs #d ounces to ! squ>e foot1 is made 9 %eets #f;ft4 by #b;ft4 #f;941 & 9 small] sizes1 & co/s #bs4 p] lb4 ,x c be easily cut ) a /5cil knife1 & is mo/ suitable = "w on horizontal surfaces4 ,ano!r pap] :i* may be us$ is ord9>y ,:atman's pap]4 ,! usual me?od ( cutt+ is to use a v %>p knife1 su* z a %oemak] uses1 & to cut on a %eet ( glass4 ,if any v>iety ( pap] is employ$1 x w be necess>y to apply two coats ( %ellac v>ni%1 ord9>ily call$ ,pat5t ,knott+4 ,?is protects ! surface ( ! pap] f be+ worn away by ! action ( ! bru%4 ,"s /5cil cutt]s pref] boil$ oil = ! purpose4 ,z9c /5cils are sometimes employ$4 ,^! may be made z foll[s3 ,! ?9ne/ %eets ( z9c are employ$ = ! purpose1 & ^u ?is is pa9t$ ! lett]s or design to =m ! /5cil4 ,! :ole ( ! z9c :i* is n to be cut out1 or r1 by ?is process1 eat5 out by acid1 mu/ be protect$ by means ( a v>ni% made z foll[s3 ,take "o p9t ( be/ asphaltum v>ni%1 two ounces ( beeswax & half-an-ounce ( ros9 & f\r ounces ( ,v5ice turp5t9e4 ,melt ! beeswax & ros9 9 ! ,v5ice turp5t9e1 & :ile w>m add ! asphaltum v>ni%1 mix+ ?or\ghly toge!r4 ,pa9t ?is on ! back ( ! z9c plate & on all p>ts t are to be protect$4 ,=m a dam or little wall made ( #f p>ts ( beeswax & "o "p ( tall[ melt$ toge!r & all[ to cool4 ,?is is int5d$ to conf9e ! acid to ! p>ts requir$ to be eat5 out4 ,nitric acid is us$ = ! purpose mix$ ) ?ree p>ts ( wat]4 ,?is is p\r$ on ! space inside ! dam & all[$ to rema9 on = f #bd to #dh h\rs1 :5 x w be f\nd to h eat5 away ! z9c on ! p>ts unprotect$4 ,fur!r in=mation conc]n+ /5cils w be f\nd 9 ! book entitl$ ,/5cils & ,/5cill+1 by ,a4 ,l4 ,du?ie1 publi%$ by ! ,trade ,pap]s ,publi%+ ,co41 ,ltd41 #cfe1 ,birkbeck ,bank ,*amb]s1 ,high ,holborn1 ,london1 ,w4,c41 price #cs4 #c;d4 ,,requirem5ts ,,( ,,special ,,trades4 ,! foll[+ h9ts are giv5 ( ! requirem5ts ( a few special trades3-- ,piece ,"w4 ,9 v _m cases :]e articles are pa9t$ by means ( compress$ air x w be f\nd q practicable to h ! "w done by piece "w4 ,! exact "t tak5 to spray any p>ticul> article c1 aft] a v little practice1 be det]m9$ q accurately4 ,9 fix+ ! price to be paid = ! "w an all[ance mu/1 ( c\rse1 be made = ! "t tak5 9 br++ ! piece to ! spray+ cab9et & plac+ x ready to be tak5 away by ! boys or lab\r]s4 ,x is 9 ?is detail t spe$ may be increas$ s mat]ially4 ,! actual "t ( spray+ to a great ext5t regulates itself1 b if c>e is n tak5 consid]able wa/e ( "t w be occasion$ 9 gett+ articles ready & tak+ !m away1 & a satisfactory arrangem5t ( piece "w to bo? employ] & employee w remove ?is wa/e ( "t & w prove m b5eficial ?an day "w4 ,,bookb9d+4 ,! pr9cipal use ( spray+ 9 ?is "w is to put on ! speckl$ edges ( books aft] !y are sew$ & be=e b9d+4 ,?is is usually done by spla%+ col\r f a /iff-hair$ bru% ov] a comb1 b ! me?od is a crude "o at be/4 ,9 us+ a spray = ! purpose "o ( ! simpl] =ms w d all t is requir$4 ,! pressure mu/ be l[]$ & pa9t remov$ "s di/ance f ! books until ! requisite size ( ! spots or dots ( col\r is obta9$4 ,) a little practice ?is c be regulat$ to a nicety4 ,,c>riages4 ,! rem>ks :i* w be f\nd else:]e1 "u ! head ( ,tramc>s1 apply to "s ext5t to c>riages also1 & al?\gh ! sup]f9e f9i% requir$ = a high-class c>riage c\ld h>dly be produc$ except+ by ! old-fa%ion$ means1 yet ! processes ( fl[+-on & spray+ c\ld1 )\t d\bt1 (t5 be employ$ = ! *eap & mod]ately *eap /yle ( vehicles ( v>i\s k9ds :i* are n[ produc$ on s ext5sive a scale4 ,,cycle ,,p>ts4 ,_m p>ts ( cycles are n[ pa9t$ by means ( spray+1 al?\gh "s firms pref] dipp+4 ,:i*ev] process is us$ x is necess>y1 z a rule1 to give at lea/ two or sometimes ?ree or ev5 m coats1 & to get a f9e f9i% to rub d[n betwe5 ^! coats ) p[d]$ pumice & wat]1 &1 = ! la/ coat und]nea? ! f9i%1 rott5/one & oil4 ,! p>ts mu/ always be /ov$1 z air dry+ enamels are n1 z a rule1 suffici5tly h>d to p]mit ( _! resi/+ ! h>d we> to :i* cycles are subject$4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ! me?od ( h&l+ v>i\s p>ts w to a great ext5t det]m9e ! economy effect$4 ,! we>+ p>ts ( cycles are sometimes f9i%$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 :i* is ! me?od us$ by ! ,birm+ham ,small ,arms ,co4 ,al?\gh some:at exp5sive x is c]ta9ly wor?y ( all praise1 because x gives s durable a f9i%4 ,! iron or /eel p>ts are fir/ ?or\ghly wa%$ 9 ,am]ican turp5t9e & are !n /ov$1 ! result be+ a p]fectly clean surface4 ,a coat ( ,calcutta l9se$ oil is !n giv5 by means ( bru%es & ! p>ts are !n /ov$ at #bej ,f41 aft] :i* !y receive a coat ( :at is call$ ,black ,rubb] ,solution1 an ela/ic enamel :i* dries ) a semi-gloss4 ,!n two sep>ate coats ( khaki col\r japan are giv5 & ea* are /ov$ at #bhj to #cjj ,f4 ,a little rubb+ d[n betwe5 ! coats is sometimes necess>y1 & ?is is done ) glass pap]4 ,! p>ts ?us f9i%$ are v suitable = "w :i* is to be subject$ to v h>d we>4 ,at ?is writ+ ! cycles are all int5d$ = ,gov]nm5t1 h5ce ! c>e tak5 9 ! f9i%4 ,,electrical ,,"w4 ,pa9t+ by compress$ air is done 9 ! case ( _m p>ts ( electrical app>atus1 ! process be+ simil> to t previ\sly describ$4 ,?us ! metal "w ( fuse boxes may be f9i%$ 9 ?is way ) black japan1 & "o coat /ov$ at #bej ,f4 or !reab\ts w usually be f\nd to suffice4 ,among ! l>ge numb] ( electric works :]e ! process is employ$ may be m5tion$ ^? ( ,w4 ,t4 ,h5ley's ,telegraph ,works1 ,ltd41 at ,graves5d4 ,! ,airo/yle is us$ 9 ?is case1 & ! "w is done approximately f twice to ?ree times z rapidly z x 0 =m]ly done ) ! bru%4 ,,fancy ,,baskets4 ,fancy baskets :i* are made ( cane1 will[1 special /raw & o!r mat]ials c be spray$ ) admirable effect 9 _m cases :]e bru%+ w\ld be impossible4 ,inde$1 ! application ( a spray 9 ?is "w may be consid]$ to h creat$ almo/ a new indu/ry 9 a wide range ( fancy goods1 :i* may be spray$ ) gold pa9t1 or a great v>iety ( col\r$ enamels may also be employ$4 ,9 ?is case celluloid v>ni%es are also employ$ ) ! addition ( coal t> dyes = ! production ( col\rs su* z mauve1 blue1 moss gre51 rose p9k1 amb]1 orange1 fire r$1 navy blue1 etc4 ,! "w ( spray+ 9 ?is case is usually done ov] a b9 su* z is %[n bel[1 a simple wire device be+ us$ at ! top to support ! basket :ile x is be+ spray$1 al?\gh ev5 ?is is (t5 disp5s$ ) z ! article may be held by ! h&le1 & be+ v light ?is is n f\nd to be irksome4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #id4--;,,b9 ,,= ,,spray+ ,,light ,,articles4 ,,gas ,,met]s4 ,at ! pres5t "t less ?an half a doz5 gas met] manufactur]s or repair]s h a pa9t spray+ plant 9 use1 & ^! are describ$ else:]e4 ,! sav+1 h[ev]1 by spray+ ! pa9t is 9 ?is class ( "w v consid]able1 am\nt+ to ab\t #a to #e2 t is to say1 five times z mu* "w c be turn$ out ) a spray+ ma*9e z by h&4 ,x is g5]ally recognis$ t ! quality ( ! pa9t+ is mu* improv$1 x be+ h>d] & bett] 9 appe>ance & g5]ally m satisfactory4 ,turn-tables ( a simple "* are employ$1 & #bd h\rs are all[$ = ! dry+ ( ! "w4 ,= protect+ ! indicators1 ! "n ( own] or manufactur] & brass plates ( simil> "*1 v>i\s types ( %ields or masks are employ$1 consi/+ ( a plate ( requisite %ape sold]$ on to a piece ( /iff wire1 ) turn$ ends1 :i* embrace ! met] & hold x 9 position4 ,!re appe>s to be no reason :y ! l>g] size gas met]s %\ld n be pa9t$ by spray+1 provid$ t a suitable plant1 :i* w\ld be ( a simple "*1 7 provid$4 ,!re is b little d\bt t 9 a little "t e manufactur] ( gas met]s w f9d x necess>y to employ a spray+ plant4 ,,gas ,,/oves ,,& ,,ranges4 ,9 ?is class ( "w spray+ is us$ almo/ exclusively2 z only "o side ( ! iron is to be pa9t$ ! dipp+ process is obvi\sly unsuitable4 ,! "w is done at a pressure ( ab\t #de lbs41 b sometimes a little less is suffici5t4 ,! usual exhau/ is provid$ & turn-tables are employ$ hav+ be>+ :eels on ! out] edge ( a circul> plate4 ,^? us$ = ! l>g] ranges are usually level ) ! floor4 ,9 addition to black1 all k9ds ( col\rs may be us$4 ,?is "w is mo/ly done piece "w4 ,! small] p>ts1 su* z r+s1 cook]s1 etc41 are also spray$4 ,! /ov+ is done at #cej ,f41 b :5 two coats are giv5 ! fir/ is subject$ to #dej ,f4 ,! int]ior ( ! ov5s are coat$ = a f9i% ( oxide ( t91 :i* :5 /ov$ at a high temp]ature assures a great increase ( body or opacity4 ,sometimes ! f9i% is left solid1 b 9 mo/ cases ! coat is /ippl$4 ,! usual ov]head runways consi/+ ( hang] on f\r :eels on ,v-%ap$ gird] are employ$4 ,,picture ,,frames1 ,,picture ,,m\ld+1 ,,etc4 ,"o ( ! indu/ries 9 :i* pa9t spray+ is /rik+ly successful is t ( prep>+ picture frames ) a gold f9i%4 ,if prop]ly done ! result is ev5 bett] ?an if gold leaf is us$1 z ! spray cov]s completely ! mo/ elaborate & intricate ornam5t4 ,picture frames or m\ld+s ( v>i\s %apes & sizes are obta9$ ready = receiv+ ! v>i\s coats necess>y to give a gold f9i%4 ,=m]ly ! :ole ( ! op]ations 7 done by means ( bru%es1 b ?is me?od has be5 :olly sup]s$$ by spray+1 :i* approximately does ! "w five times z quickly & gives a f> bett] result4 ,?ree sep>ate processes are employ$2 ! fir/ is ! application ( a coat ( enamel1 ! second a coat ( bronze or gold pa9t1 & ! ?ird ! application ( a transp>5t lacqu]4 ,! la/ protects ! bronze f discoloration1 & ! manufactur]s gu>antee t su* m\ld+s w la/ at lea/ #e ye>s )\t t>ni%+4 ,! :ole ( ! "w is air dri$1 b to facilitate ! op]ation ! workroom is kept at a temp]ature ( ab\t #ge;,f & ! dry+ ov5s up to1 say1 #hj or ev5 #he;,f4 ,! fir/ coat ( enamel is spray$ on1 & 9 ab\t two h\rs is felt$ d[n ) a pad simil> to t us$ by fr5* poli%]s4 ,?is is dipp$ 9 a solv5t :i* removes all inequalities4 ,! actual spray+ is done on a long op5 tr\gh %ap$ b9 "s #c ft4 #f 94 f ! floor hav+ exhau/s at ! bottom & ?9 la?s plac$ across x at int]vals ( ab\t #ah in*es4 ,! long /ret*es ( m\ld+ are plac$ on ^! la?s l5g?wise1 ! la?s hold+ !m 9 position4 ,! spray+ is done directly on !m & !y are turn$ f side to side1 & :5 ! spray+ is complet$ ea* l5g? is lift$ bodily by two boys1 "o at ea* end1 on to racks 9 ! dry+ room :i* is close by & :i* has a l>ge numb] ( op5 iron %elves runn+ f end to end4 ,^! %elves are q close toge!r1 s t a l>ge numb] ( l5g?s ( m\ld+ may be dealt ) at "o "t4 ,heat at ab\t #he;,f is admitt$ at ! bottom1 & ! dry+ ap>tm5t is op5 f end to end 9 front s t ! m\ld+s may be readily introduc$4 ,?is heat also s]ves to w>m ! room4 ,! enamel be+ dry ! l5g? is remov$ & gone ov] ) a pad z describ$ & ! gold pa9t is !n spray$ on ov] ! :ole ( ! "w1 giv+ a beautifully f9e & compact gold f9i%4 ,! application ( ! transp>5t lacqu] completes ! op]ation4 ,! mat]ials us$ 9 ?is "w are special _s v>ni%es made on a base ( celluloid4 ,! exact composition v>ies ) diff]5t manufactur]s1 b ! foll[+ recipes are bas$ on ,! ,manufacture ( ,_s ,v>ni%es1 by ,liva*e & ,mc,intosh 7,scott1 ,gre5wood & ,son71 & w be useful = ref]5ce4 ,! great advantage ( us+ celluloid is t a col\r$ transp>5t v>ni% is obta9$4 ,,recipe ,,= ,,celluloid ,,v>ni%4 #a4 ,celluloid #a lb4 ,amyl ,acetate #b lbs4 ,acetone #b lbs4 ,e!r 7,syph4 ,me?47 #b lbs4 #b4 ,same z be=e ) ! addition ( #a_/e? "p ( camphor4 #c4 ,celluloid #a lb4 ,amyl ,acetate #e lbs4 ,acetone #e lbs4 ,picture frames are also f9i%$ 9 black hav+ a semi-gloss f9i%1 :i* gives an excell5t effect & is mo/ durable4 ,x is v important 9 ?is class ( "w t ample v5tilation be giv5 to ! ap>tm5t 9 :i* ! "w is done 9 su* a way z to avoid draught4 ,heat$ air1 ( c\rse1 takes up moi/ure mu* m readily ?an cold air1 & unless means are provid$ = adequate v5tilation ! air w become moi/ure *>g$1 & ! "w w !reby be adv]sely affect$4 ,?is is a po9t :i* is frequ5tly ov]look$4 ,,spray+ ,,%ips' ,,hulls4 ,x is ! op9ion ( ! au?or t ! pa9t+ ( %ips' hulls may be done by means ( spray+ ) a great sav+ ( "t4 ,al?\gh !re are no available /ati/ics1 x is probable t _m ?\s&s ( acres ( surface on %ips' bottoms are re-pa9t$ e ye>4 ,a c>eful enquiry has %[n t "s exp]im5ts h be5 made 9 ?is direction1 b t !y h always be5 ( a some:at p]functory "*4 ,! v l>ge surface gives an opportunity = ! use ( ! spray :i* is almo/ unequall$ 9 its possibilities4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 difficulties 9 connection ) ?is "w1 :i* h d\btless _h mu* to d ) ! fact t x has n1 ?us f>1 be5 adopt$ to any consid]able ext5t4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is t ! composition appli$ is n ord9>y pa9t1 b "o :i* is mix$ ) ars5ic1 m]cury & o!r poison\s comp\nds1 :i* are add$ 9 ord] to de/roy animal & vegetable life & prev5t ! adhesion ( b>nacles & o!r m>9e gr[?4 ,s necess>y is ?is t compositions are made suitable = diff]5t wat]s ?r\gh :i* ! vessel mu/ pass1 & x is well kn[n t ^? vessels :i* sail by regul> r\tes ne$ mu* less frequ5t pa9t+ ?an a tramp /eam] :i* may sail 9 any direction & ?r\gh any sea4 ,! reason is1 t 9 ! fir/ case ! composition is specially made to )/& ! gr[? ( life 9 well-def9$ wat]s1 :ile 9 ! case ( tramp /eam]s x mu/ be m or less ( a g5]al nature4 ,! po9t1 h[ev]1 :i* has n[ to be dealt )1 is t ! addition ( ars5ic1 etc41 add$ to ! pa9t1 causes x sometimes to settle out1 b x is sugge/$ t ?is c\ld be easily ov]come by an agitat+ app>atus 9 ! pa9t pot4 ,z expla9$ else:]e1 su* an app>atus is frequ5tly us$ 9 ord9>y pa9t+1 :5 ! composition ( ! pa9t dem&s x4 ,! second & m s]i\s objection to spray+ %ips' hulls is t ! "w mu/ be done 9 ! op51 & t ! w9d w c>ry away a portion ( ! pa9t & prev5t x rea*+ ! surface requir$4 ,x is sugge/$1 h[ev]1 ?is might p]haps be ov]come by adopt+ a =m ( enclos$ cab9et1 :i* w\ld scre5 ! op]ator f ! w9d4 ,?is c\ld be r5d]$ portable by be+ m\nt$ on a plat=m ) :eels1 & a sy/em ( elevators1 & be adopt$ ) a little +5uity to rea* ! high] p>ts ( ! vessel4 ,9 any case1 ! subject is "o :i* is well wor? ! att5tion ( ^? int]e/$ 9 spray+1 ow+ to ! imm5se field x op5s up4 ,9 ?is connection att5tion may be direct$ to ! illu/rations :i* appe> on pages #beb to #bed ( ! app>atus us$ = spray+ by ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad = pa9t+ _! freight c>s4 ,?is app>atus may be adapt$1 ) suitable modifications1 = %ip pa9t+ also4 ,,slate ,,enamell+4 ,! usual proc$ure foll[$ 9 connection ) enamell+ on slate = mantel-pieces1 /all-bo>d1 signs & o!r "w ( ! k9d1 is to get ! slate slabs q smoo? & level by means ( a slate plan+ ma*9e4 ,a coat ( black v>ni% or enamel is !n spray$ on1 & is /ov$ at #afj to #agj ,f4 ,c>eful rubb+ d[n ) p[d]$ pumice & wat] is next done1 :5 ! "w receives a second coat ( enamel4 ,x is aga9 /ov$ & !n rubb$ d[n by h& to a f9i% ) rott5/one & oil4 ,sometimes1 ! slate receives ?ree coats1 ! f9i% be+ left ) a high gloss1 b m frequ5tly ! semi-gloss obta9$ by rubb+ ) rott5/one is pref]r$4 ,x is unsafe to /ove slate at high] ?an #bfj ,f41 z x is likely to break :5 cool+4 ,=m]ly1 a great deal ( ?is class ( "w 0 done 9 imitation ( v>i\s m>bles1 mo/ly work$ on a black gr\nd1 b m>bl+ is n[ done b r>ely4 ,! me?od is to employ a %all[ tank ( wat] ^u :i* are plac$ col\rs 9 imitation ( ! ve9s ( ! m>ble to be imitat$4 ,?is col\r is ( a special k9d1 made to float1 & is manipulat$ on ! surface4 ,! slab ( slate1 :i* has receiv$ "o coat1 is !n dipp$ g5tly 9 ! wat]1 :5 ! col\r adh]es to x4 ,a coat ( /ov+ v>ni% completes ! op]ation4 ,_m slate enamell]s /ill employ ! old me?od ( apply+ ! enamel by means ( bru%es1 b x is only a "q ( "t be=e compress$ air w be us$ almo/ exclusively1 = ! reason s frequ5tly urg$ 9 ?is "w1 viz41 t ! spray elim9ates bru% m>ks &1 !re=e1 greatly r$uces ! "w ( rubb+ d[n4 ,,spray+ ,,col\r ,,specim5s4 ,specim5s ( v>i\s col\rs 9 di/emp]1 oil1 v>ni% & enamel are s5t out 9 v l>ge quantities by ! v>i\s manufactur]s ( ^? goods1 & ! prep>ation ( ^! specim5s may be v consid]ably facilitat$ by us+ a suitable spray+ ma*9e4 ,:5 di/emp] is us$ fairly l>ge %eets ( pap] are usually employ$1 & ^! are cut up by means ( a guillot9e ma*9e :5 dry4 ,ord9>y oil pa9t & v>ni% pa9ts may 9 l mann] be spray$1 b :5 an enamel f9i% is desir$ x is usual to apply ! pa9t on ! back ( a %eet ( ?9 :ite celluloid1 :i* gives ! appe>ance :i* w\ld be obta9$ by ! application ( v>ni%4 ,9 spray+ celluloid %eets x w be f\nd t aft] a little practice ! pa9t may be laid on mu* m uni=mly ?an is possible by means ( a bru%4 ,?is c easily be demon/rat$ by hold+ up ! pa9t$ %eet to ! light1 :5 x w be f\nd t ! pa9t appli$ by a bru% %[s m inequalities or /reaks ?an t :5 spray$4 ,/5cill+ may be done v well on ei!r pap] or celluloid %eets2 9 ! case ( ^! specim5s1 = example1 suppos+ x 0 desir$ t ea* specim5 ( col\r :5 cut up %\ld be> a numb]1 x w\ld n be difficult to cut a /5cil 9 z9c or leadfoil1 repeat+ ! numb] z _m times z !re are specim5s to be cut out ( ea* %eet4 ,! t9foil w\ld !n be fix$ 9 position & ! spray+ done ov] x1 :i* w\ld m>k ea* piece ) a numb]4 ,!n ! coat ( col\r c be spray$ all ov] ! surface4 ,! plan above w\ld be foll[$ 9 ! case ( celluloid1 b :5 ord9>y pap] is us$ ! process w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h to be rev]s$ & ! numb] put on la/4 ,9 "s cases :]e a v great brilliancy ( col\r is requir$1 ?is is done by ! process ( glaz+1 :i* is describ$ else:]e 9 ?is book2 = example1 a comp>atively dull r$ c\ld be v mu* bright5$ by spray+ a coat ( madd] or crimson lake4 ,"h1 aga91 if celluloid is us$ ! glaz+ col\r w g on fir/ & ! gr\nd col\r aft]w>ds1 b 9 ord9>y circum/ances ! gr\nd "w w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be fir/ appli$4 ,probably ! mo/ complete plant = prep>+ col\r specim5s is 9 use by ,m&] ,bro!rs1 ! well-kn[n pa9t1 v>ni% & col\r manufactur]s1 ( ,wolv]hampton4 ,! spray+ ( col\rs is mo/ly done on celluloid %eets1 & f\r cab9ets ( ! ,airo/yle type are 9 m or less con/ant use4 ,^! cab9ets h glass sides & top hung on h+es s t !y may be op5$ :5 desir$4 ,! pressure ( air is usually f #cj to #ce lbs41 ) an additional #e lbs4 on ! pa9t pot4 ,"o coat is suffici5t1 because1 ( c\rse1 x c be made z ?ick z may be necess>y accord+ to ! p>ticul> specim5s be+ prep>$4 ,! sav+ ( "t is e/imat$ at1 at lea/1 #cc p] c5t4 ,9 deal+ ) celluloid %eets x is obvi\sly ( importance to adopt "s safe means ( /or+ !m :ile dry+4 ,=m]ly ,messrs4 ,m&] ,bro!rs _h a long s]ies ( d\ble clips by :i* ! %eets 7 susp5d$ :ile dry+1 b ?is me?od has be5 ab&on$ ow+ to ! dang] involv$ ( fire4 ,n[ suitable t9-l9$ cab9ets are provid$ hav+ f top to bottom a s]ies ( cleats :i* support op5 wire trays4 ,ea* %eet ( celluloid z x is pa9t$ is plac$ on a wire tray :i* is slipp$ 9 ! cab9et1 :]e x dries 9 #ab h\rs4 ,,tramc>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ie4--;,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,airo/yle ,,plant ,,= #af ,,op]ators ,,on ,,small ,,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #if--,,view ,,( ,,airo/yle ,,plant ,,= #af ,,op]ators1 ,,%[+ ,,v5tilator4 ,z f> z ! au?or c ga!r in=mation1 ! processes describ$ 9 ?is book are n us$ 9 ,great ,brita9 to any ext5t 9 ! f9i% ( tramc>s1 b are gradually mak+ headway 9 ,am]ica1 p>ticul>ly = ! f9al coats4 ,!re appe>s to be no reason1 h[ev]1 :y fl[+-on1 z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiii41 %\ld n be us$ to a mu* great] ext5t ?an is at pres5t ! case4 ,! e>li] coats1 be+ v /iff1 might be appli$ by means ( bru%es1 & ^! coats c\ld be foll[$ by spray+1 & f9ally ! f9i%+ coats c\ld be fl[$ on4 ,=m]ly1 ?is "w 0 done almo/ 9 ! same way z t by :i* ! f9e f9i% ( a c>riage body is produc$1 viz41 ! build+ up ( a p]fectly smoo? surface by a l>ge numb] ( coats1 rubb+ ea* "o d[n c>efully & f9i%+ ) two or m coats ( v>ni%1 ^! be+ also rubb$ d[n except+ ! la/4 ,9 mod]n practice ^! me?ods are greatly simplifi$1 & at lea/ sev]al coats1 :i* 7 =m]ly ?\ght to be necess>y1 are disp5s$ )4 ,! f9i% is (t5 obta9$ by apply+ a coat ( a suitable enamel1 rubb+ ?is d[n1 & !n giv+ a f9al f9i% ( a good fl[+ v>ni%4 ,x is sugge/$ t spray+1 or fl[+-on1 c\ld be us$ = "s ( ?is "w ) v great advantage 9 ! sav+ ( "t4 ,9 deal+ ) _m pa9ts :i* are to be /ov$1 a well-?\ght-out sy/em %\ld be 9 use ( convey+ ! articles f ! f9i%+ rooms to ! pa9t+ app>atus & !nce to ! ov5s4 ,if m ?an "o coat is giv5 x w be necess>y to arrange also = conveyance aft] ! p>ts are bak$ back to ! pa9t+ plant = ! next coat4 ,z a rule1 a sy/em ( ov]head runways1 su* z is describ$ = use 9 pa9t dipp+1 w be f\nd ! mo/ economical me?od to adopt4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ! li/ ( trades & articles :i* may be successfully pa9t$ by me*anical means1 giv5 on pages #c to #f1 !re are _m :i* are omitt$ f ! detail$ descriptions4 ,! reason = ?is is t ! ma9 pr9ciples are 9 all cases practically ! same & ! details mu/ necess>ily v>y1 n only ) ! goods be+ dealt )1 b accord+ to ! ext5t ( ! op]ations & ! accommodation ( ! factory available4 ,?ornley ,knight1 ,ltd41 ( ,birm+ham1 specialise 9 ?is bus9ess1 & h sold1 dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 _m ?\s&s ( gallons ( _! air-dry+ col\r$ japans1 = use on c> bodies4 ,_m ( ! l>ge/ motor c> manufactur]s h adopt$ ! process4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,"s ,,typical ,,plants4 ,an int]e/+ ,airo/yle plant is %[n 9 ,figs4 #ie1 #if & #aja1 & is arrang$ = #af op]ators to deal ma9ly ) bronze lacqu]s1 h5ce ! some:at simple arrangem5t ) no provision = adju/m5t ( pressures at ea* hood4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig4--,,side ,,elevation ,,( ,,plant ,,= #ab ,,op]ators4 ,x w be not$ t ! v5tilator employ$ is ( important size2 ! compressor deliv]+ air to ! plant is /ation$ 9 ! basem5t4 ,! views ( ! plant are excell5t1 & s]ve to remove ! errone\s impression t su* a plant _c be conv5i5tly & economically arrang$1 bo? z reg>ds floor space occupi$ & ! provision ( adequate gangways on all sides4 ,ano!r int]e/+ ,airo/yle plant is %[n 9 ,figs4 #hd1 #he & #hf1 & 0 in/all$ = japann+ gas fires1 radiators1 gas cook]s1 etc4 ,an item wor?y ( note 9 ?is plant is ! pat5t$ hot air app>atus in/all$ = w>m+ ! japan & = also heat+ ! spray] & flexible tube convey+ ! japan to ! spray]2 x is cle>ly se5 9 ! c5tre ( ! two hoods4 ,! l>ge hood is ma9ly us$ = radiators1 :i* are :eel$ on to ! l>ge ball-be>+ turn-table1 %[n :ite = ! purpose ( a cle>] view1 b :5 n s us$ a table is :eel$ into position & two op]ators are accommodat$ = small] "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ih4--,,"p ,,end ,,elevation ,,( ,,plant ,,= #ab ,,op]ators4 ,! p[] unit1 consi/+ ( electric drive & suitable ov]head c\nt]%aft1 toge!r ) ! compressor & ball-be>+ fan1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ajj1 & is directly outside ! japann+ %op4 ,?is plant 0 in/all$ = ! ,davis ,gas ,/ove ,company1 ,luton1 & has be5 9 op]ation = sev]al ye>s4 ,! compressor %[n 9 ,fig #ih also deliv]s air to ! gas cook] dep>tm5t = two or ?ree op]ators1 & to ! porcela9 enamell+ dep>tm5t = six or sev5 op]ators1 b z ! same practice is adopt$ z is %[n 9 ! photos "h reproduc$1 no useful purpose w be s]v$ 9 describ+ !m 9 detail4 ,und\bt$ly "o ( ! mo/ important plants 9 ! c\ntry1 & "o produc+ ! highe/ f9i%1 is in/all$ at ,messrs4 ,joseph ,lucas1 ,ltd41 ,birm+ham1 & ! photographs reproduc$ "h are by _! k9d p]mission4 ,! au?or 0 grant$ ! privilege ( inspect+ ! plant fully1 & proposes to enl>ge ^u its arrangem5t & capacities = sav+ ( lab\r1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ii4--,,plan ,,( ,,figs4 #if ,,& #ig4 ,! :ole ( ! "w 0 c>ri$ out by ,messrs4 ,! ,airo/yle & ,li?os1 ,ltd41 & x mu/ be admitt$ t ! plants are s arrang$ z to admit ( rapid h&l+ ( ! "w1 & ! subsequ5t /ov+ ( ! articles is j z conv5i5tly provid$ =4 ,two di/9ct plants are 9 use at ! mom5t ) a sep>ate /eel plate c5tral draught fan & a wat]-cool$ air compressor 7! type ( fan & air compressor employ$ is %[n else:]e 9 ! book1 see ,figs4 #ga & #gi74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajj4--;,,airo/yle ,,plant ,,p[] ,,unit1 ,,compressor1 ,,motor ,,fan ,,etc41 ,,in/all$ ,,= ,,! ,,davis ,,gas ,,/ove ,,co41 ,,ltd41 ,,luton4 ,on ref]r+ to ! draw+s ,figs4 #ig1 #ih & #ii1 %[+ respectively an elevation1 end view & plan ( "o ( ! plants1 x w be se5 t ! plant is divid$ up into two bays1 ea* accommodat+ six op]ators1 s t1 9 all1 tw5ty-f\r op]ators are provid$ = 9 ! two plants & 7 actually se5 at "w4 ,x w at once be notic$ t ample space betwe5 ! bays is provid$1 & ?is is mo/ ess5tial 9 ord] to give suffici5t room = ! racks :i* are :eel$ into place beh9d ea* op]ator4 ,^! racks are readily se5 9 ! photographs1 ,figs4 #ajc & #ajf1 & c also be di/+ui%$ 9 ,fig4 #ajd4 ,! japann+ %op 9 :i* ! plants are in/all$ is ( l>ge dim5sions1 #bej feet long by #dh feet wide1 & is extremely light & airy1 b1 ow+ to ! fact t ! ro(-lights are n[ pa9t$ ov] 7by ,gov]nm5t regulations71 ! %op at pres5t appe>s to disadvantage1 & ! photographs consequ5tly suff]4 ,! photographs1 nev]!less1 %[ v cle>ly :at an imm5se am\nt ( "w c be daily h&l$1 b1 not)/&+ ?is1 ! writ] 0 assur$ t !re 7 /ill numb]s ( bru% h&s 9 ! %op4 ,?is 0 prim>ily due to ! fact t full arrangem5ts = spray+ are n yet complet$ 7#ab m op]ators are be+ provid$ =71 &1 secondly1 to ! fact t c]ta9 "w ne$+ a l>ge am\nt ( mask+ c be almo/ z readily bru%$1 & ?is class ( "w f9ds employm5t = bru% h&s4 ,messrs4 ,lucas1 ,ltd41 admit t !re is a wa/age ( japan1 b ma9ta9 t a heavi] & mu* m ev5 coat is appli$ ) a sup]ior f9i% to bru% "w1 & t !re is an enorm\s ga9 9 "t ( ab\t #d to #a ov] bru%+4 ,!y /ate1 also1 t an indirect ga9 is obta9$ 9 ! economical work+ ( ! /oves1 = ^! are fill$ f> m quickly1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! daily output p] /ove is correspond+ly increas$4 ,a /rik+ pro( ( ! sav+ is _! /atem5t t if !y _h n ! sy/em ( spray+ at "w1 x w\ld h meant #bjj h&s 9 ! japann+ dep>tm5t1 :]eas !y n[ employ$ only #ij1 & a consid]able numb] ( ^! 7 engag$ ^u bru% "w1 s t if only ! :ole ( ! "w c\ld h be5 h&l$ ) ! spray1 !n ! numb] ( h&s necess>y w\ld h be5 ev5 less ?an #ij4 ,! photographs1 ,figs4 #aje to #ajg1 ne$ no description1 & are self-explanatory to a l>ge ext5t4 ,! type ( in/rum5t us$1 & ! accessories1 are describ$ 9 detail else:]e1 z !y are ! /&>d practice adopt$ ) all ,airo/yle plants4 ,! writ] also _h ! privilege ( inspect+ ano!r int]e/+ ,airo/yle plant1 in/all$ at ,messrs4 ,g4 ,cabdy & ,sons1 ,birm+ham1 :]e #g or #h op]ators are employ$ ^u high-class celluloid enamel f9i%es ^u buttons1 m$allions1 cameos1 electrical fitt+s1 & la/1 b n lea/1 num]\s p>ts = munition "w1 su* z c>tridge clips = #ah or #bd-p\nd]s1 etc4 ,! small articles are laid on a grid measur+ ab\t #aa in*es by #i in*es1 & :ile hold+ ! grid ! op]ator sprays ov] ! :ole ( ! article on ! grid1 & 9 ! case ( r\nd$ faces ( buttons1 sprays ^! obliquely f all sides 9 turn1 z well z ov] ! tops ( ! buttons4 ,x may be m5tion$ t ! great] "p ( ! spray+ pa9ts & enamels are suppli$ by ,messrs4 ,?ornley ,knight1 ,ltd41 ( ,birm+ham4 ,,! ,,birm+ham ,,small ,,arms ,,co4 ,! cycle dep>tm5t ( ?is well-kn[n firm deals ) an enorm\s1 am\nt ( p>ts1 & a new pa9t spray+ dep>tm5t on an ext5sive scale is 9 c\rse ( con/ruction at ,r$dit*1 & ! me?od 9 use at ! ,birm+ham works w be to a great ext5t foll[$4 ,9 bo? cases ! ,midl& spray] is us$ "u a pressure ( f #cj to #ej lbs4 ,! me?od is v ?or\gh1 & al?\gh comp>itively exp5sive is well calculat$ to produce a f9i% :i* is 7a7 capable ( )/&+ h>d we> & possible knocks & 7b7 absolutely ru/-pro(4 ,! f9i% is ela/ic & v durable4 ,x is produc$ by ! foll[+ me?od4 ,! /eel or iron p>ts are fir/ ?or\ghly wa%$ 9 pure ,am]ican turp5t9e 9 ord] to remove e trace ( grease & dirt4 ,9 pass+1 x may be said t a suitable :ite _s w\ld probably answ] z well & w\ld effect a consid]able sav+1 al?\gh x is possible t ! pure turp5t9e leaves a c]ta9 residue beh9d x :i* is ( advantage 9 =m+ a key to ! subsequ5t coats4 ,! p>ts are !n /ov$1 :5 a coat ( pure ,baltic l9se$ oil is appli$ by means ( bru%es1 & !y are aga9 /ov$ at #bej ,f4 ,!n a coat ( black japan1 kn[n 9 ! works z rubb] solution1 is spray$ on1 & a ?ird /ov+ is giv5 9 ?is case at #bhj ,f4 ,?is is foll[$ by two coats ( khaki-col\r$ enamel spray$ on1 :i* dries ) a semi-gloss f9i%4 ,! p>ts are /ov$ betwe5 ea* coat & aft] ! f9al coat1 s t !y receive five /ov+s altoge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aja4--;,,compressor1 ,,etc41 ,,= ,,airo/yle ,,plant ,,= #af ,,op]ators4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajb4--;,,airo/yle ,,plant ,,in/all$ ,,= ,,gas ,,fire ,,& ,,radiator ,,"w ,,= ,,messrs4 ,,! ,,davis ,,gas ,,/ove ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,! ov5s are ( special con/ruction & are describ$ 9 detail else:]e4 ,! japans employ$ are suppli$ by ,messrs4 ,ar?ur ,hold5 & ,co41 ,ltd41 ( ,birm+ham4 ,samples ( ! "w ?us f9i%$ 7 submitt$ to ! au?or1 :o c>efully te/$ !m4 ,he f\nd t ! f9i% 0 all t c\ld be desir$4 ,a piece ( plate metal1 = in/ance1 0 b5t d\ble )\t ! f9i% be+ affect$1 ?us %[+ v cle>ly ! great ela/icity ( ! coat+--a mo/ important & necess>y quality 9 a f9i% = ?is class ( "w4 ,,messrs4 ,,flet*]1 ,,russell ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,?is well-kn[n firm use spray+ at _! ,w>r+ton ,works on an ext5sive scale4 ,all p>ts ( gas cook]s1 gas /oves1 & ranges l>ge & small1 are spray$ by diff]5t sizes ( ! ,airo/yle spray]4 ,/ov+ takes place 9 mo/ cases1 & ! "w ( spray+ effects a great sav+1 "o man be+ able to d ! "w ( at lea/ ?ree "u ! old bru% sy/em4 ,"s v beautiful effects are obta9$ 9 /oves int5d$ = use 9 draw+1 d9+ & reception rooms1 by spray+ v>i\s col\r$ semi-transp>5t lacqu]s ov] silv]-bright iron or /eel4 ,ri* r$s1 br[ns1 gre5s & blues 9 v>i\s %ades are produc$1 & ! bright surface b5ea? ! lacqu] gives a v pleas+ & arti/ic effect4 ,/ov+ produces ! necess>y h>dness ( ! lacqu]1 :i* may be reg>d$ z be+ v durable4 ,,special ,,ma*9es4 ,! ,b]kel & ,p>nall's ,slic+ ,ma*9e ,co41 ,ltd41 ^: ext5sive works are at #f1 ,b[ ,common ,lane1 ,london1 ,e41 h _h a plant = pa9t spray+ 9 use = ! la/ f\r ye>s1 & f9d x to be q successful & a great sav+ ( "t ov] ! old me?od ( apply+ ! pa9t by means ( bru%es1 9 addition to a sup]ior f9i% be+ obta9$4 ,! spray] 9 ?is case is ! ,inv9cible1 & ! pa9t is spray$ on "u pressure v>y+ accord+ to ! nature ( ! "w4 ,! iron p>ts :i* g to make up ! slic+ ma*9e are fir/ prim$ & /ov$ & any imp]fections /opp$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,!y are !n pa9t$ by means ( compress$ air & aga9 /ov$1 aft] :i* !y receive a fur!r coat1 :i* is also /ov$4 ,v>i\s ornam5tation 9 gold is !n put on1 mo/ly by ! transf] process1 al?\gh c]ta9 p>ts require l9+ by h&4 ,! f9al coat ( v>ni% is giv5 by means ( bru%es1 x be+ f\nd t ?is is ! mo/ economical way = ?is p>ticul> class ( "w4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> x w be obs]v$ t ! me?od diff]s f t us$ 9 _m o!r works :]e all ! op]ations are done by spray+1 includ+ a f9al coat ( v>ni%4 ,! col\r us$ = ! pa9t is a bright r$4 ,!re are two spray+ cab9ets ) ! usual exhau/1 & turn-tables are employ$ = turn+ ! p>ts r\nd to receive ! coat ( pa9t4 ,x may surprise "s read]s to le>n ! v l>ge ext5t to :i* ^! slic+ ma*9es are us$ ?r\gh\t ! _w = v>i\s purposes4 ,,gitt+s1 ,,hills ,,& ,,boo?by1 ,,limit$4 ,! plant = spray+ 9 use 9 ^! works is pr9cipally int5d$ = exp]im5tal purposes 9 connection ) ! prep>ation ( pa9ts1 v>ni%es & lacqu]s ( v>i\s descriptions :i* ! firm manufacture4 ,an up-to-date type ( pi/ol is us$1 ) a pressure n exce$+ #cj lbs4 to ! in*4 ,! "w is done 9 a small closet ) glass sides op5 at "o side1 & a small turn-table is employ$ ^u :i* to place ! article t is be+ spray$4 ,"s admirable results are obta9$ ) ! aid ( gold lacqu]s4 ,x is f\nd t 9 c]ta9 v>ni%es ! application ( heat is an advantage1 b z a rule ! spray+ is done cold4 ,among ! articles :i* h be5 pa9t$ are motor c>s & v>i\s small] appliances4 ,,! ,,k+sbury ,,manufactur+ ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,a typical plant = f9i%+ picture frames1 furniture1 fancy articles su* z wood1 cane & o!r ornam5tal baskets1 is t ( ! ,k+sbury ,manufactur+ ,co41 ,ltd41 #a1 ,m>kfield ,rd41 ,broad ,lane1 ,tott5ham1 ,n4 ,?is firm are ! inv5tors ( :at is kn[n z ! ,inolite sy/em ( gild+1 :i* is describ$ z an ideal process4 ,c]ta9ly ! "w produc$ is z ne> p]fection z "o w\ld desire1 ! gild+ be+ excell5t 9 appe>ance1 :ile x is gu>ante$ = five ye>s to be free f discoloration or t>ni%+4 ,! process consi/s 9 apply+ by means ( spray+1 fir/1 a coat ( special enamel1 :i* :5 dry is rubb$ d[n ) a solv5t appli$ by a pad4 ,^u ?is is spray$ a coat ( gold pa9t1 & a f9al coat ( col\rless celluloid v>ni% is giv5 :i* protects ! gold f t>ni%+4 ,! process adopt$ is describ$ 9 great] detail "u ! head ( ,picture ,frame ,f9i%+ 9 ?is book4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajc4--,,view ,,f ,,"o ,,end ,,( ,,messrs4 ,,lucas1 ,,ltd41 ,,airo/yle ,,plants1 ,,%[+ ,,fan ,,& ,,compressor ,,drives4 ,! col\r$ celluloid enamels :i* are appli$ to fancy baskets1 etc41 h a v attractive metallic appe>ance1 :i* is f> sup]ior to ! ord9>y crude bronzy effect4 ,ano!r speciality ( ! firm is ! f9i% ( frames 9 special black1 :i* gives a p]fectly smoo? f9i% :i* might be call$ egg-%ell gloss4 ,x is q arti/ic 9 appe>ance1 em95tly suitable = ! p>ticul> purpose1 & gives a durable frame at a comp>atively small co/4 ,! firm e/imate ! sav+ ( "t by us+ ! spray+ z comp>$ ) t ( employ+ a bru% is z #e is to #a4 ,!y po9t out t a little extra mat]ial is requir$1 b ?is is n begrudg$ z x possesses advantages 9 an increas$ durability ( ! protective coat+4 ,,! ,,gas ,,light ,,& ,,coke ,,co4 ,sev]al ( ! works ( ?is company1 :i* deal ) gas met]s1 are fitt$ ) pa9t spray+ in/allations4 ,! bran* at ,laburnum ,/reet1 ,k+sl& ,road1 9 *>ge ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,fagan1 may be tak5 z a type4 ,two ,a]ographs & ?ree ,airo/yles are 9 use4 ,! old met]s t come to ! works are exam9$1 & if ! pa9t is 9 fairly good condition ! surface is rubb$ d[n ) pumice /one & wat]1 b if x is mu* decay$ ! met]s are plac$ 9 a hot ba? conta9+ a solution ( lime & cau/ic soda1 & all[$ to rema9 9 x a %ort "t1 :5 ! pa9t becomes s s(t z to be easily removable4 ,! surface ( new t9plate is clean$ d[n ) _s1 :5 x is q ready to receive ! coat ( pa9t4 ,at ^! works _m diff]5t makes ( met]s come 9 to be dealt )1 h5ce v>i\s masks are necess>y to protect ^? p>ts :i* x is n desir$ to spray4 ,! pressure us$ "h is r m ?an usual1 be+ #dj lbs4 to ! sq4 in*4 ,! "t tak5 to pa9t a met] is v small1 z c be und]/ood :5 x is said t two m5 work+ on five-light met]s c turn out #cj an h\r4 ,be=e ! spray+ app>atus 0 put 91 ab\t a ye> ago1 a man c\ld pa9t ) a bru% ab\t ?ree met]s 9 an h\r1 s t1 ) ! pres5t sy/em1 !re is an imm5se sav+4 ,x is calculat$ t ! :ole ( ! orig9al outlay ( putt+ 9 ! plant w be return$ at ! end ( ab\t a ye>4 ,! masks or %ields hav+ be5 plac$ 9 position1 a cap is plac$ ov] ea* union & ! pa9t is spray$ on4 ,! met]s are turn$ out at ! rate ( #ijj to #a1ejj a week ( #dh h\rs4 ,! spray+ app>atus is provid$ ) ! usual exhau/ consi/+ ( two #i-;in* holes to ea* cab9et1 ) grat+ ov]4 ,ab\t #aj p] c5t1 m pa9t is all[$ ?an t us$ :5 x is appli$ by h&1 b ! great] "p ( ?is goes on ! surface1 & ! coat ( pa9t z a protector is di/9ctly improv$4 ,! exhau/ is c>ri$ up to ! ro(1 b ! actual loss ( pa9t is v small4 ,fig4 #ajh %[s a g5]al view1 & a l>ge c5tral draught /eel plate fan is employ$ to exhau/ ! hoods1 & to drive ?is & ! compressor a gas eng9e is employ$4 ,! compressor is ( ! type illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ga1 page #aae1 & c j be disc]n$ beh9d ! gas eng9e4 ,fig4 #aji %[s a gas met] 9 position1 ) ! necess>y masks fix$1 & ,fig4 #aaj %[s ! op]ator ab\t to spray-pa9t same4 ,?is plant has be5 9 daily op]ation = m ?an two ye>s4 ,,! ,,gas ,,met] ,,co41 ,,limit$4 ,! in/allation ( a spray+ plant at ! works ( ?is firm1 :i* are at #bch1 ,k+sl& ,road1 h be5 9 op]ation = r less ?an a ye>1 b has prov$ q satisfactory4 ,v>i\s types ( gas met]s are spray$ ) "o coat ( ,torbay pa9t1 :i* is an iron oxide pa9t ( high quality1 & ! "o coat possesses amply suffici5t quality to give a good cov]+4 ,prior to pa9t+ ! surface ( ! t9n$ plate :i* is us$ = gas met]s1 x is clean$ d[n ) a piece ( wa/e dipp$ 9 _s4 ,masks are us$ to fit ov] "n plates1 etc41 & ! spray+ is done 9 ! usual cab9et1 ) an exhau/4 ,a ?ree or f\r-light met] takes ab\t two m9utes to d1 & ! l>g] sizes1 ( c\rse1 long] 9 proportion4 ,all sizes up to & includ+ #ejj-light met]s are spray$1 b ^? l>g]1 up to #a1jjj lights1 are a little too big to h&le4 ,! great] "p ( ! met]s are done 9 deep r$ oxide iron col\r1 b ?ree o!r col\rs are us$ 9 addition1 z may be requir$4 ,! met] to be spray$ is plac$ on a turn-table :i* be>s on a %>p /eel po9t & has on its upp] portion spikes or ridges1 to hold ! met] 9 position4 ,! ,a]ograph spray is employ$ 9 ?is case4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajd4--;,,g5]al ,,view ,,( ,,airo/yle ,,plants ,,at ,,messrs4 ,,lucas' ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aje4--;,j4 ,,lucas1 ,,ltd41 ,,airo/yle ,,plants1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,ample ,,space ,,betwe5 ,,hoods4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajf4--;,j4 ,,lucas1 ,,ltd41 ,,airo/yle ,,plants1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,me?od ,,( ,,employ+ ,,racks ,,to ,,great] ,,advantage1 ,,& ,,also ,,giv+ ,a ,,cle>] ,,idea ,,( ,,! ,,l>ge ,,fan ,,employ$4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,pa9ts1 ,,lacqu]s1 ,,v>ni%es1 ,,etc4 ,,us$ ,,9 ,,spray+4 ,"u ! head ( ,pa9ts us$ = ,dipp+ "s in=mation has be5 giv5 9 respect to ! pa9ts suitable = t purpose4 ,"s1 b n all1 pa9ts are suitable = bo? dipp+ & spray+1 ! exceptions be+ ! heavi] or m visc\s comp\nds1 :i* are n suitable = pa9t+ by imm]sion because !y are too ?ick4 ,t>1 enamel1 & ! heavi] v>ni%es may be giv5 z examples1 al?\gh !y may be successfully appli$ by ! spray+ process4 ,sometimes 9 deal+ ) ! heavi] comp\nds ! application ( heat is an advantage4 ,?is may be appli$ to ei!r ! pa9t or ! compress$ air or to bo? 9 ord] to increase ! fluidity ( ! comp\nd4 ,x is important :5 heat is ?us appli$ t ! temp]ature ( ! room 9 :i* ! spray+ is done %\ld be rais$ correspond+ly1 s t ! heavi] pa9ts1 enamel1 etc41 d n congeal by be+ direct$ aga9/ a cold surface4 ,"u mo/ circum/ances x is unnecess>y to apply heat1 provid$ t ! spray+ room is kept at a temp]ature ( n less ?an #fj ,f4 bo? 9 summ] & w9t]4 ,z already intimat$1 ! prep>ation ( pa9ts1 lacqu]s & v>ni%es = bo? dipp+ & spray+ necessitates a close /udy ( ! special requirem5ts4 ,9 ! case ( pa9t ! p>ticles ( pigm5t mu/ be v f9ely divid$ z co>se mat]ial w\ld t5d to *oke up ! spray+ app>atus1 or if ev5 !y did n actually h t result !y w\ld require a great] pressure ( air & ?us add to ! co/ ( work+4 ,z9c oxide1 ! v>i\s grades ( black & mo/ bright r$s1 are examples ( f9ely gr\nd pigm5ts :i* are well suit$ = spray+4 ,9 buy+ mat]ials = ?is purpose x is well to pur*ase ( ^? firms :o h made a special /udy ( ! subject4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( a few su* firms1 all well kn[n to ! writ]1 & al?\gh x by no means exhau/s ! li/ yet anyone desir+ to buy mat]ials may v safely leave !mselves 9 _! h&s4 ,messrs4 ,dock]1 ,bros41 ,ltd41 ,birm+ham2 ,gitt+s1 ,hills & ,boo?by1 ,ltd41 ,t[] ,v>ni% ,works1 ,long ,acre1 ,birm+ham2 ,goodlass1 ,wall & ,co41 ,ltd41 ,seal ,/reet1 ,liv]pool2 ,a4 ,hold5 & ,sons1 ,ltd41 ,brad=d ,/reet1 ,birm+ham2 ,inde/ructible ,pa9t ,co41 ,ltd41 ,k+'s ,h\se1 ,k+ ,/reet1 ,london1 ,e4,c42 ,lewis ,b]g] & ,sons1 ,ltd41 ,hom]ton1 ,london1 ,n42 ,llewellyn ,ryl&s1 ,ltd41 ,balsall ,hea? ,works1 ,birm+ham2 ,m&] ,bros41 ,wolv]hampton2 ,po/ans & ,morley ,bro!rs1 ,ltd1 #ai1 ,lionel ,/reet1 ,birm+ham2 ,! ,fr$]ick ,crane ,*emical ,co41 ,birm+ham2 ,?ornley & ,knight1 ,birm+ham2 ,wilk9son1 ,heywood & ,cl>k1 ,ltd41 ,cal$onian ,works1 ,popl>4 ,e42 ,p9*91 ,johnson & ,co41 ,ltd41 ,bevis ,m>ks1 ,london4 ,! foll[+ are ,am]ican firms3-- ,! ,moll] & ,s*umann ,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill42 ,john ,lucas & ,co41 ,inc1 ,gibbsboro'1 ,n4,j42 ,! ,*icago ,:ite ,lead & ,oil ,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill42 ,john ,w4 ,masury & ,son1 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y42 ,! ,glidd5 ,v>ni% ,company1 ,clevel&1 ,o42 ,! ,%]w9-,williams ,co41 ,clevel&1 ,o42 ,,/ov+ ,,enamels4 ,we n[ rea* ^! important enamels1 & extract ! foll[+ f ! =eword ( ! little book above m5tion$4 ,messrs4 ,wilk9son1 ,heywood & ,cl>k claim to be ! fir/ successful mak]s ( /ov+ blacks1 :i* 0 9 ! days be=e ! introduction ( bicycles4 ,?\gh orig9ally introduc$ = cycle "w1 /ov+ enamel produces a mo/ successful f9i% = all k9ds ( mat]ials4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica su* enamels are us$ 9 great quantities = f9i%+ /&>dis$ motor bodies4 ,^! black enamels h ga9$ a v high "n = !mselves1 z prop]ly bak$ !y are extraord9>ily h>d1 brilliant & t\gh1 & :5 appli$ ov] su* mat]ial z t9 %eets are flexible en\gh to )/& be+ b5t d\ble )\t %[+ signs ( crack+4 ,an important feature are ! col\r$ enamels made by ! same firm1 :i* run ?r\gh a :ole s]ies ( yell[s1 r$s1 br[ns1 gre5s & blues1 & are h>d1 durable & t\gh1 & c be /ov$ )\t *ang+ col\r4 ,we extract ! foll[+ notes on ! ,application ( ,/ov+ ,enamels1 & fully endorse ! recomm5dations (f]$3-- #a4 ,all "w %\ld be p]fectly free f dirt1 grease or oil1 be=e application ( enamel4 #b4 ,e trace ( moi/ure %\ld be remov$ be=e enamell+4 ,?is c be effect$ by /ov+ ! "w1 previ\s to enamell+1 at a light heat4 ,moi/ure on "w w cause enamel to bli/] & burn4 #c4 ,always :5 us+ bru%+ or dipp+ enamels1 all[ ! enamel to set slightly 7i4e41 aft] ! surplus pa9t has dri$ (f7 be=e putt+ 9 ! bak+ ov54 ,?is w prev5t unev5 /ov+ & elim9ate fat edges1 z f> z possible4 #d4 ,ov5 heat %\ld be increas$ gradually4 ,nev] place enamell$ "w into a hot ov5 at once1 b raise ! heat by degrees1 until ! full temp]ature is obta9$4 #e4 ,mo/ ( our enamels are s5t out slightly ?ick2 %\ld an easi] work+ mat]ial be desir$1 9 ! case ( col\rs or blacks1 add k]os5e gradually until ! requir$ consi/5cy is obta9$4 ,col\r$ enamel %\ld always be /irr$ be=e use1 to prev5t ! pigm5t settl+ & ! light m$ium ris+4 ,if ?is is n done1 ! appe>ance ( ! "w w lack body & appe> dull & lifeless4 ,?is applies especially to dipp+ enamels4 ,to r5d] :ite /ov+ enamel ?9n]1 add pure turp5t9e only1 /irr+ well1 until a uni=m consi/5cy is obta9$4 #f4 ,x is q possible to ov]-bake enamels & spoil ! col\rs1 & likewise "u-bak$ enamels w n be t\gh en\gh to )/& h>d we>4 ,p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to ! directions on ! package labels1 z ! v>i\s pigm5ts require diff]5t temp]atures4 #g4 ,/ov+ enamels1 if left 9 an op5$ c1 t5d to ?ick5 consid]ably4 ,= ?is reason1 keep ! c clos$ :5 n actually us+ ! enamel4 ,= ?9n+ purposes we recomm5d k]os5e4 ,sp4 gr4 #haj at #fj ,f4 #h4 ,ov5s %\ld be prop]ly v5tilat$ to all[ ! prop] oxidation necess>y 9 bak+4 ,,enamels4 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out 9 ^! pages t ! success ( pa9t+ by dipp+1 spray+1 fl[+ on1 9 fact1 all o!r me*anical means1 dep5ds ^u ! exact prop]ties ( ! mat]ials us$4 ,! same is true ) enamels1 :i* are made f a l>ge v>iety ( =mul s z to dry sl[ly or quickly 9 ! air1 or :5 subject$ to heat 9 a /ove4 ,! au?or feels he _c d bett] ?an take z a guide to ! prop]ties ( enamels 9 g5]al ! extremely useful h&book publi%$ by ,wilk9son1 ,heywood & ,cl>k1 "u ! head ( ,enamels = e ,purpose4 ,?is book gives practically all ! in=mation conc]n+ enamels likely to be requir$ by ! av]age us]4 ,! products are divid$ up "u diff]5t heads1 = example1 "o page is head$ ,heat ,resi/+ & ,sl[ ,dry+ ,enamels4 ,^! dry fit to h&le 9 #af h\rs1 & dry bone h>d 9 #bd h\rs4 ,!y are made to )/& heat up to #bab ,f41 & = ?is reason are suitable = enamell+ iron ba?s1 radiators1 etc41 p>ticul>ly s z to effectively resi/ hot wat] )\t s(t5+ or peel+4 ,!y are made 9 a numb] ( beautiful col\rs4 ,a some:at simil> s]ies ( enamels is made :i* dry quick]1 viz41 9 #h h\rs fit to h&le & q h>d 9 #ab h\rs4 ,!y are useful = t\*+ up radiators1 /oves1 /eam pipes1 etc41 & are made 9 :ite & a doz5 or m col\rs4 ,! next s]ies :i* dem&s our att5tion are ,dipp+ ,air ,dry+ ,enamels4 ,!y dry 9 #h h\rs & are q h>d 9 #ab h\rs4 ,!y are claim$ to produce a f9i% equal to t obta9$ by a quick air dry+ bru%+ enamel ) ! lab\r ( bru%+ elim9at$4 ,= a f9i% done by imm]s+ ! article to be pa9t$ ^! are capital enamels1 b !y require to be us$ ) a /irr] ( "s sort 9 ! tank4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,/ov+ ,,or ,,bak+4 ,! degree ( heat to :i* an article is subject$ aft] be+ pa9t$ or japann$ w obvi\sly dep5d ^u ! k9d ( coat+ us$4 ,x is safe to ass]t z a g5]al rule t ! heat appli$ mu/ n be high] ?an ! p>ticul> pa9t or enamel is made to )/&1 =1 if ?is be exce$$1 x w inevitably result 9 a loss ( ela/icity1 ( ! protect+ film &1 h5ce1 its durability4 ,! foll[+ h9ts are tak5 f a v useful little pamphlet issu$ by ! ,moll] ,s*umann ,co41 ( ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,! degrees ( temp]ature giv5 ref] to _! products1 & w\ld d\btless h to be modifi$ 9 "s cases1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! pa9t be+ dealt )4 ,!y w1 h[ev]1 =m a v useful guide4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajg4--;,j4 ,,lucas1 ,,ltd41 ,,airo/yle ,,plants1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,two ,,bays ,,( ,,"o ,,complete ,,unit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajh4--;,,airo/yle ,,plant ,,in/all$ ,,= ,,messrs4 ,,! ,,gas ,,light ,,& ,,coke ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,,g5]al ,,view4 ,,black ,,japan ,,f9i%es4 ,"o or m coats rubb+ f9i% japan1 r$uc$ z ?9 z possible & /ill cov] well4 ,bake ea* coat at #bej to #cej = #c to #d h\rs4 ,s&pap] ea* coat lightly4 ,"o or m coats f9i%+ black japan r$uc$ to bru%+ consi/5cy 7n too ?974 ,bake ea* coat at #cjj to #cej = #c to #d h\rs4 ,s&pap] ea* coat lightly4 ,rub ! la/ coat ) pumice4 ,apply transf] & /rip+ to la/ coat ( japan4 ,bake ^! at #aej = #a to #b h\rs4 ,"o or m coats f9i%+ copal bru%$ z x comes f ! c4 ,?is protects ! transf] & /rip+ & increases ! dep? ( ! f9i%4 ,bake ea* coat at #age = #b to #c h\rs4 ,rub ea* coat & poli% ! la/ coat4 ,if f9i%+ copal is omitt$1 leave ! la/ coat ( japan 9 gloss1 or rub & poli% z pref]r$4 ,,/eel ,,furniture ,,enamels4 ,"o or m coats ( fir/ coat enamel1 r$uc$ z ?9 z possible & /ill cov] well4 ,:5 bru%$ on1 use /eel pres]vative = back & und]side ( metal1 "o coat only1 bak$ at same "t z fir/ coat ( fir/ coat enamel4 ,bake ea* coat at #bej = #c h\rs4 ,s&pap] ea* coat lightly4 ,"o or m coats ( f9i%+ enamel4 ,bake ea* coat at #bej = #c h\rs4 ,s&pap] all b ! la/ coat4 ,rub ! la/ coat ) pumice4 ,enamels :5 rubb$ h a diff]5t col\r ?an ! surface col\r2 ?is mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 f9i%+4 ,transf] & /rip+1 if any1 %\ld be put ov] la/ coat ( f9i%+ enamel4 ,bake at #aej = #a to #b h\rs4 ,"o or m coats ( f9i%+ copal4 ,bake ea* coat at #age = #b to #c h\rs4 ,rub ea* coat1 & poli% ! la/ coat4 ,if f9i%+ copal is omitt$1 leave ! la/ coat ( enamel 9 gloss1 or rub & poli% z pref]r$4 ,! same enamel w bake to diff]5t %ades at diff]5t heats & v>i$ l5g?s ( "t1 s c>e mu/ be obs]v$ to get uni=m results4 ,,imitation ,,wood ,,effects4 ,"o or m coats ( gr\nd col\r2 back ( metal "o coat /eel pres]vative1 bo? r$uc$ z ?9 z possible1 & /ill cov] well4 ,if ! /eel pres]vative is us$ by dipp+1 only "o coat ( gr\nd col\r is g5]ally us$4 ,bake ea* coat at #bej = #c h\rs4 ,s&pap] ea* coat ( gr\nd col\r4 ,"o coat ( gra9+ col\r1 r$uc$ ) turp5t9e bru%$ on1 & gra9$ by h&1 or ) tools z 9 g5]al gra9+4 ,?is may be done by ma*9e or z transf] "w4 ,bake ! gra9+ col\r at #bjj = #b to #c h\rs4 ,s&pap] lightly4 ,put on transf] & /rip+1 if any1 ov] la/ coat ( f9i%+ enamel4 ,bake at #aej = #a to #b h\rs4 ,"o or m coats ( f9i%+ copal4 ,bake ea* coat at #age = #b to #c h\rs4 ,rub ea* coat4 ,rub & poli% ! la/ coat4 ,9 ?is "w1 at lea/ "o coat ( f9i%+ copal is necess>y to protect ! gra9+ col\r4 ,,:ite ,,"w--,,b$/eads1 ,,etc4 ,:ite "w _c be f9i%$ ) "o coat1 because no :ite pigm5t has suffici5t cov]+ p[]4 ,two or m coats ( fir/ coat :ite enamel4 ,bake ea* coat at #abj to #aej = #c to #d h\rs4 ,s&pap] ea* coat lightly4 ,two or m coats ( f9i%+ :ite enamel4 ,bake ea* coat at #abj to #aej = #c to #d h\rs4 ,s&pap] ea* coat lightly except ! la/ coat4 ,= gloss f9i%1 leave la/ coat z x is2 = egg%ell f9i%1 rub ! la/ coat4 ,f9i%+ copal is r>ely us$ ov] :ites because ( col\r4 ,,transp>5t ,,col\r ,,v>ni%es4 ,^! v>ni%es are us$ ov] smoo?1 clean1 bright metal4 ,z ! metal %[s ?r\gh ! v>ni%1 no prim] or fill] c be us$4 ,"o coat only is appli$1 usually by bru%+ or by a coat+ ma*9e2 h[ev]1 x may be dipp$ or spray$4 ,bake at #bbe = #c h\rs4 ,! m ^! v>ni%es are r$uc$1 ! light] ! col\r becomes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aji4--;,,airo/yle ,,plant ,,in/all$ ,,= ,,! ,,gas ,,light ,,& ,,coke ,,co41 ,,ltd41 ,,%[+ ,,hood ,,9 ,,great] ,,detail ,,& ,a ,,met] ,,) ,,masks ,,affix$4 ,,safe ,,bak+ ,,heats ,,( ,,pigm5t ,,col\rs4 ,all col\rs are m or less affect$ by heat4 ,!y lose _! brilliancy1 become v mu* d>k] & sometimes turn black :5 bak$ at too high a heat4 ,prolong$ heat 7n too high7 kills ! ela/icity ( ! enamel4 ,x does n affect ! col\r4 ,to assure brilliancy ( ! col\r1 ! foll[+ highe/ heats c be us$ ) safety4 ,:ite #afj #d h\rs4 ,pale ,blue #age #b-c ,pale ,gray ,pale ,gre5 ,pale ,yell[ ,gray #bjj-bbe #d-c h\rs ,bright ,r$ ,gre5 ,yell[ ,d>k ,blue ,olive ,gre5 #bdj-bge #d-c h\rs ,m>oon ,br[n ,black - any heat up to #fjj ,,comm5ts ,,on ,,! ,,above4 ,a well-kn[n ,engli% firm1 comm5t+ on ! above says3-- ,g5]ally speak+1 ! in=mation giv5 !re9 is q correct1 ?\gh x %\ld be rememb]$ t in/ruction z to /ov+ temp]atures :i* might be q correct ) "o mak]'s mat]ials1 might be q wrong ) ano!r's4 ,we notice !y recomm5d t all black japan f9i%es %\ld be /ov$ at f #bej to #cej degrees4 ,?is is ! g5]al practice 9 ,engl&1 b x also happ5s t "s firms _c use ^! high temp]atures or "s goods w n /& x1 & black japans h to be suppli$ :i* c be /ov$ at temp]atures ( ab\t #ahj or #bjj degrees ,fahr4 ,su* qualities co/ r m to produce4 ,we also notice x is recomm5d$ t f9i%+ v>ni% %\ld be /ov$ at #age degrees ,fahr4 ,p]sonally1 we _c make any cle> f9i%+ v>ni%es :i* w /& ?is temp]ature )\t discoloration1 & ev5 if us$ ov] black japan1 !y w\ld discol\r ! l9+ or ! /rip+ !reon4 ,! temp]atures recomm5d$ = col\r$ enamels are also high] ?an we f9d satisfactory1 & ! /atem5t made t ! same enamel w bake to diff]5t %ades at diff]5t heats1 & t !re=e a uni=m temp]ature is necess>y to obta9 uni=m results1 seems to confirm our view4 ,9 practice we ?9k t uni=m results c only be obta9$ by us+ a l[] temp]ature4 ,if a workman has to wat* ! !rmomet] 9 a /ove to make sure t 8 enamels w always discol\r to ! same degree1 y c rely ^u x t 9 practice accid5ts w\ld soon happ54 ,,dipp+ ,,& ,,spray+ ,,pa9ts ,,comp>$4 ,f ! above x c readily be se5 t x is necess>y to ex]cise consid]able c>e 9 ! selection ( pa9ts = bo? ( ^! processes4 ,! foll[+ op9ions on ?is important subject are giv5 by ! firms nam$4 ,messrs4 ,john ,lucas & ,co41 ,inc41 ,gibbsboro'1 ,n4,j41 ,u4,s4,a41 say3-- ,x is our exp]i5ce t a pa9t :i* is suitable = dipp+ purposes c also be manipulat$ = spray+4 ,a pa9t to be suitable = spray+ dep5ds l>gely on two factors1 namely3--,gravity1 or weight p] gallon1 & consi/5cy1 or fluidity4 ,a pa9t made f pigm5ts :i* are heavy gravity w n produce good results = spray+1 j z x w n prove satisfactory = dipp+1 because ( ! t5d5cy = ! pigm5t to settle out4 ,9 ! case ( spray+ su* pa9ts produce an unev5 f9i%4 ,a pa9t su* z is ord9>ily us$ = dipp+ conta9s suffici5t light gravity pigm5ts to make possible r$uction ) ! prop] vehicles 7dep5d+ on ! desir$ f9i%7 s t by spray+ a satisfactory coat+ c be produc$ s f> z f9i% is conc]n$4 ,we are n c]ta9 :e!r a coat+ produc$ by spray+ w we> z long z a coat+ :i* is appli$ ei!r by dipp+ or by bru%+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,*icago ,:ite ,lead & ,oil ,co41 ,*icago1 ,ill41 say3--,!re is no v intricate or specific =mula = ?is class ( mat]ial4 ,! foll[+ rule we ?9k w prove a safe "o to foll[3-- ,always select a pigm5t :i* w /ay 9 susp5sion1 & also hold ) x ! ext5d]s su* z v f9e silica4 ,! addition ( a v f9e silica to all dipp+ or spray+ pa9ts w add mat]ially to ! fl[+ (f & levell+ ( ! f9i%4 ,! pigm5ts %\ld be gr\nd v f9e 9 v>ni%1 ! grade ( v>ni% dep5d+ ^u ! quality ( ! mat]ial to be produc$1 & r$uc$ to work+ consi/5cy ) v>ni% & turp5t9e1 or naph?a4 ,l9se$ oil %\ld be avoid$ 9 ! prep>ation ( dipp+ pa9ts1 z ! t5d5cy ( l9se$ oil to wr9kle is v objectionable4 ,*emically pure col\rs1 su* z gre51 yell[1 p>a ton]s1 etc41 are be/ adapt$ z col\r bases4 ,! above con/itute ! pr9ciples ^u :i* we h produc$ extremely satisfactory pa9ts = ! purpose nam$4 ,^!1 c\pl$ ) exp]t workm51 w produce excell5t results4 ,! av]age =mula = pa9ts c only be consid]$ z a g5]al guide2 ! successful bl5d+1 t9t+1 etc41 mu/ be p]fect$ by c>eful & sometimes ext5d$ exp]im5ts4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a dipp+ pa9t & spray pa9t is 9 ! consi/5cy4 ,a spray pa9t mu/ naturally be made ?9n]1 & consequ5tly only ! mo/ d5se ( col\rs %\ld be us$ & a small] am\nt ( in]t pigm5t z an ext5d]1 or levell]4 ,a few exp]im5ts ) a spray+ app>atus 7( :i* "s inexp5sive h& spray]s c be obta9$7 w quickly guide ! pa9t man z to prop] consi/5cies to produce be/ results4 99 99 99 99 99 ,messrs4 ,john ,w4 ,masury & ,son1 ( ,new ,york3--,x is practically impossible to give full p>ticul>s reg>d+ v>ni%es & enamels = spray+ & dipp+1 = ! reason !re are s _m diff]5t k9ds & !y v>y s mu* ow+ to ! diff]5t "* ( "w t a description ( !m is out ( ! "q4 ,9 a g5]al way x may be said t dipp+ coat+s mu/ be quick sett+1 s z to avoid runs & sags2 x mu/ fl[ out to a smoo?1 ev5 surface4 ,! dry+ quality mu/ dep5d ^u ! k9d ( "w be+ done1 "* ( surface1 subsequ5t exposure1 & :e!r ! coat+ is to be bak$ or air dri$4 ,dipp+ v>ni% & enamels are made = _m classes ( "w1 su* z all k9ds ( small iron ca/+s & %eet metal "w1 z well z wood "w1 vehicle :eels1 p>ts ( automobiles1 & 9 "s cases wagon bodies & automobile bodies1 ^! la/ only 9 "o or two %ops4 ,^! goods include *eap black bak+ japans1 col\r$ enamels ( v>i\s k9ds & cle> v>ni%es4 ,9 reg>d to spray+ enamels1 ! 'spray bru%' is gradually com+ into use4 ,^! goods mu/ be made to suit ! "* ( ! "w2 ! body or viscosity ( ! mat]ial1 ! pressure us$ 9 ! spray & "* ( ! surface to be coat$1 mu/ all be tak5 into consid]ation & prop]ly graduat$ to insure suitable f9i%4 ,9 bo? dipp+ & spray+ "w "o1 two & ?ree coats are frequ5tly us$1 sometimes ! "u coats are only dipp$ or spray$1 :ile ! f9i%+ coat is appli$ ) bru%4 ,! equipm5t = dipp+ w v>y also ) ! article to be dipp$2 x includes dipp+ tanks ( suitable size & %ape1 racks = hang+ articles dipp$1 ) tr\ghs or trays to collect surplus mat]ial4 ,9 dipp+ x is necess>y to wipe (f ) bru% ! surplus :i* ga!rs on l[] edge ( ! article4 ,equipm5t = spray+ requires besides ! spray+ ma*9e a pressure tank ) suitable cocks to regulate pressure1 :i* w v>y f ?irty to fifty p\nds1 a suitable hood provid$ ) fan to draw (f any f9e spray away f ! workman1 prop] racks = tak+ c>e ( ! f9i%$ "w4 ,"w done ) spray does n require any wip+ up4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaj4--;,,airo/yle ,,plant ,,in/all$ ,,= ,,! ,,gas ,,light ,,& ,,coke ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,,op]ator ,,at ,,"w ,,on ,,gas ,,met]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,spray+ ,,v]sus ,,bru%+4 ,x w be conv5i5t n[ to consid] ! l5g? ( "t involv$ 9 spray+1 z comp>$ ) t involv$ :5 pa9t]s' bru%es are us$4 ,9 deal+ ) ?is "q1 x %\ld be po9t$ out t :ile "s little ga9 is app>5t 9 ! actual "t occupi$ 9 h&l+ ! article1 :i* is mo/ly done on turn-tables :5 spray+1 yet no note is tak5 "h ( ! diff]5ce 9 h&l+1 b only ! "t occupi$ 9 cov]+ ! article ) pa9t1 japan1 etc4 ,we w take1 by way ( example1 a mod]n gas fire4 ,v few ( ^! are n[ bru%$4 ,x is ! cons5sus ( op9ion t a gas fire takes #aj m9utes to bru%4 ,to spray "o1 ) a sup]ior f9i%1 takes #cj to #de seconds1 & ev5 :]e "s difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 h&l+1 or :]e x is ! practice to h ! firebricks 9 place be=eh&1 s necessitat+ ! use ( a mask1 9 no case is a great] "t ?an #a to #b m9utes tak54 ,a cycle lamp1 small size1 takes fully #b m9utes to bru% prop]ly4 ,to spray ! same lamp takes #aj seconds4 ,a gas met]1 #e or #aj light size1 takes #g m9utes to bru%4 ,to spray "o takes #a m9utes1 all[+ = ! "t occupi$ 9 fix+ & remov+ ! some:at elaborate mask employ$ = cov]+ ! indicator glass1 badges1 "n-plate1 etc4 ,a motor headlight takes ne>ly #bj m9utes to bru% prop]ly1 :]eas to spray "o takes b #a m9utes at ! outside4 ,to bru% a cycle frame takes #aj m9utes or s 7bru%+ is /ill done = col\r$ "w74 ,to spray ei!r 9 japan or col\rs takes #a to #a m9utes1 & :5 x is consid]$ t a heavi] coat c be appli$ ?an is ! case :5 bru%+ or dipp+1 x w be admitt$ t su* a result comp>es fav\rably ev5 ) dipp+4 ,a #b-seat] motor body takes f #be to #de m9utes to bru% prop]ly4 ,to spray ! same body takes only #f to #h m9utes1 & :5 x is not$ t a fraction ( ! rubb+ d[n is necess>y 9 ! case ( ! spray$ result1 z aga9/ ! bru%$ body1 x w be grant$ t an enorm\s ga9 is to be effect$4 ,:]e two or m col\rs are employ$1 x is difficult to make comp>isons z readily1 b1 g5]ally speak+1 x is ! practice to employ two in/rum5ts p] op]ator :]e ! col\rs are appli$ "o imm$iately aft] ! o!r1 z is ! case ) _m electrical p>ts1 & 9 ?is case a ga9 ( #d or #f to #a is %[n ov] bru%$ "w4 ,9 "s cases x has be5 f\nd an advantage to spray "o coat & to bru% ! o!r1 especially :]e "s difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 mask+1 &1 9 su* cases1 ! only way to arrive at ! mo/ satisfactory me?od is by actual te/4 ,9 o!r cases1 su* z bronz+1 ) a celluloid m$ium1 x is absolutely impracticable to apply ^! bronzes1 save ) ! spray1 unless ! old me?od ( v>ni%+ & aft]w>ds du/+ on ! bronze is adopt$2 b1 ( c\rse1 aga9/ spray+1 su* an obsolete me?od z ! latt] has absolutely no *ance :5 spe$ is consid]$4 ,iron piano frame manufactur]s h almo/ univ]sally adopt$ ! sy/em ( spray+ bronze on ! frames4 ,:]e ! old-fa%ion$ me?od is /ill 9 use1 x is usually because ! quantity ( frames to be dealt ) is h>dly l>ge en\gh to ju/ify ! outlay requir$ 9 ! pur*ase ( a plant4 ,ano!r advantage %\ld be m5tion$4 ,! special celluloid japans n[ l>gely us$ = application by means ( compress$ air obviate ! necessity ( a consid]able am\nt ( rubb+ d[n & pap]+1 etc41 :i* _c be disp5s$ ) :5 ! liquid is appli$ by means ( a bru%4 ,= ! purpose ( comp>ison1 x may be said t ^! japans may be spray$ ^u su* articles z buttons1 m$allions1 electrical & b$/ead fitt+s1 & also on wood bru%-h&les & furniture1 l>ge & small1 ) a ga9 ( #e to #a ov] bru%+4 ,,objections ,,sometimes ,,urg$ ,,aga9/ ,,spray+4 ,hav+ expla9$ ! advantages ( ! spray+ sy/em1 we may n[ consid] ! objections :i* are occasionally rais$ aga9/ x4 ,"o ( ! argum5ts mo/ frequ5tly us$ is t ! effect !reby obta9$ mu/ be less durable ?an is ! case ( ! bru%$ effect4 ,:y su* a !ory %\ld be advanc$ is a little obscure1 =1 !oretically1 x is possible to apply1 ) a prop]ly fitt$ plant1 a f> m ev5 coat ?an is ! case :5 bru%+1 & see+ t su* pa9t is appli$ ) ! idea ( protect+ ! article aga9/ ru/1 or corrosion1 or ( improv+ ! appe>ance1 ! argum5t is = r ?an aga9/ spray+4 ,h[ev]1 to come to ! practical side1 ! evid5ce is all 9 fav\r ( spray+1 = x has be5 prov$ by _m exhau/ive te/s by indep5d5t p]sons1 t1 ) ! same mat]ial treat$ 9 ! same mann]1 i4e41 ei!r air dri$ or /ov$ aft] spray+ or bru%+1 !re is no diff]5ce 9 ! durability ( ! japan or pa9t1 & t ! spray$ result has ?is advantage1 t "s little ga9 9 "t is effect$ 9 ! p]iod occupi$ 9 dry+ or /ov+ ( ! pa9t4 ,ano!r objection is sometimes rais$ to ! application ( pa9t by means ( ! spray to r\gh & unev5 surfaces4 ,! argum5t "h is t x is impossible to make ! pa9t adh]e to ! surface1 save ) a good /iff bru%4 ,su* argum5ts ignore ! pressure at :i* ! pa9t is appli$1 :i* is usually betwe5 #cj & #de lbs4 p] squ>e in*1 & are ma9ly bas$ on un=tunate exp]i5ces ) e>ly types ( :itewa%+ ma*9es1 :i* h already be5 po9t$ out to be entirely unsuit$ to pa9t+ problems4 ,aga9 "h1 x may be positively /at$ t 9 no case has x be5 f\nd t a less durable f9i% is obta9$ ) ! spray4 ,z a fact1 an advantage is to be record$ 9 t on r\gh surfaces ! ga9 9 "t is enorm\s1 = su* surfaces may be spray-pa9t$ z rapidly z ! smoo!/ surface obta9able1 :]eas ! lab\r ( bru%+ su* r\gh surfaces is v consid]able4 ,/ill ano!r objection :i* may be m5tion$ is ! slightly mottl$ appe>ance :i* ! spray$ surface sometimes %[s :5 f9i%$--if su* c be object$ to s]i\sly4 ,?is objection may be met by ! /atem5t t su* a mottl$ effect is only app>5t :5 ! pa9t has n be5 specially prep>$ = spray+1 & is ma9ly due to ! fact t m$iums us$ dry r too rapidly & d n all[ ! pa9t 7:i* is1 ( c\rse1 appli$ 9 m9ute spots7 to fl[ out4 ,! rem$y is naturally to re-model ! pa9t %\ld ! mottl$ appe>ance be object$ to1 b mo/ c]ta9ly su* an effect1 if n pron\nc$1 is n any worse ?an bru% m>ks1 :i* are always noticeable unless rubb+ d[n has be5 done4 ,9 pass+1 x may be /at$ t mo/ ( ! l>ge pa9t & v>ni% manufactur]s h exp]im5tal plants = produc+ spray+ mat]ials1 & !y are naturally well able to answ] any qu]ies :i* may be likely to arise & :i* may n be adequately dealt ) "h4 ,_m firms :o consid] ! "q ( adopt+ a spray+ plant seem to h ! idea t :ile ! pr9ciple is admirable = _m trades1 yet x _c be successfully employ$ 9 _! p>ticul> case1 & "o frequ5tly f9ds ! manufactur] ( small goods wond]+ :y 8 neighb\r opposite1 :o makes1 we w say1 motor bodies1 does n in/all a plant1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 9 8 own case ! "q is impossible4 ,mo/ probably1 at ! same "t ! said neighb\r has precisely simil> ?\ghts1 save t he consid]s ! only prop] use = a plant is 9 small "w4 ,occasionally "o he>s ! op9ion advanc$ t prim]s or fill]s _c be appli$ ) a spray]1 or1 if s appli$1 x is at a risk t !y w ei!r crack or peel (f aft]w>ds4 ,?is objection may j z readily be advanc$ 9 ! case ( bru%+4 ,if tr\ble ( ?is k9d occurs1 x is n due to ! me?od ( spray+1 or bru%+1 s mu* z to ! way 9 :i* ! pa9t has be5 us$4 ,?is /atem5t s\nds p>adoxical1 yet x w be und]/ood by practical m54 ,= in/ance1 x is obvi\s t motor bodies1 p> exemple1 mu/ be dealt ) by ! exp]t coa*-pa9t] z f> z ! me?ods1 numb] ( coats1 etc41 to be employ$ are conc]n$1 ev5 ?\gh ! "w may be c>ri$ out by unskill$ lab\r1 & naturally :e!r bru%$ or spray$1 motor bodies _c be well done by novices4 ,to summ>ise1 x may be confid5tly /at$ t :atev] difficulties !re may be 9 ! application ( pa9ts1 enamels1 v>ni%es1 lacqu]s1 etc41 by means ( bru%es 9 ! ord9>y way1 ^! are c]ta9ly nev] acc5tuat$ b are 9 mo/ cases consid]ably less5$ by ! use ( an adequate spray+ plant4 ,,spray+ ,,& ,,dipp+ ,,comp>$4 ,9 consid]+ ^? articles :i* may be dealt ) ei!r by dipp+ or spray+1 ! manufactur] has fir/ to take into acc\nt ! numb] ( coats necess>y4 ,if1 = in/ance1 to produce ! correct f9i% on a cycle frame1 :5 dipp+1 ne$s ?ree coats1 & assum+ t ! same effect may be obta9$ 9 two :5 spray+ 7& ?is is frequ5tly ! case71 !n spray+ mu/ be consid]$ to rank fav\rably ) dipp+1 & if all[ance be made = ! "t tak5 to dra91 & ! room occupi$ ) an elaborate dipp+ plant1 !n aga9 spray+ scores1 = a cycle frame c be spray$ 9 #a to #a m9utes1 or1 say1 #dj to #ej frames p] h\r1 :i* is v little1 if any1 less ?an c be com=tably dealt ) by dipp+1 &1 ( c\rse1 no "t is lo/ 9 dra9+4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 gas is s *eap z to be ( little consequ5ce :e!r two or ?ree /ov+s are necess>y1 & if "s ( ! "w c be done ) two coats1 !n ! sav+ effect$ :5 spray+ w\ld n be suffici5t to w>rant ! outlay necess>y = a mod]n compress$ air plant1 unless a fair proportion ( col\r$ "w1 n easily dipp$1 0 requir$ to be dealt )4 ,9 ?is latt] case1 a spray+ plant ought to receive v s]i\s consid]ation4 ,to take ano!r case4 ,"s gas fires may be dipp$1 b1 ow+ to _! weight & to ! fact t !y are seldom entirely free f grit or du/1 !y are n a satisfactory type = dipp+1 & we v5ture to /ate t all ! lead+ gas eng9e]s h dropp$ ! "q ( dipp+ su* "w 9 fav\r ( spray+1 al?\gh 9 "s cases1 = gas cook]s1 ! accessories1 su* z burn]s1 b>s1 racks etc41 are dipp$4 ,su* accessories are z readily spray$1 b z only "o coat is appli$1 naturally no sav+ is %[n ov] dipp+4 ,o!r goods spray$ or dipp$ are /eel implem5ts1 hoes1 spades1 %ovels1 axes1 picks1 etc41 & 9 "s cases x is an advantage to dip :]e ! same col\r1 black1 r$1 etc41 is ne$$1 say1 half-way up ! spade or hoe1 b o!rwise spray+ %\ld be adopt$2 &1 ( c\rse1 9 _m cases :]e two col\rs are employ$ x is out ( ! "q to dip1 ! only alt]native be+ to spray or bru%--spray = pref]5ce on acc\nt ( ! enorm\s sav+ ( "t ov] bru%+4 ,:]e v small articles are dealt ) 9 bulk & c be s h&l$ t trays may be us$1 !n ^! are und\bt$ly bett] dipp$2 b if v>i\s col\rs are ne$$ x is bett] to /ill use ! trays1 b to spray !m1 z ! spe$ is approximately ! same z :5 dipp+4 ,a tray full ( cam]a p>ts is spray$ almo/ in/antane\sly & ) a f> bett] f9i% ?an if dipp$4 ,to sum up ! v>i\s argum5ts advanc$ on ?is subject1 we may come to ! foll[+ conclusion4 ,z already intimat$1 ! sav+ effect$ by pa9t+ by imm]sion or by spray+ z comp>$ ) bru%+ is v l>ge inde$1 provid$ t a prop]ly equipp$ plant is employ$1 & ! pa9t or enamel is exactly fitt$ = ! purpose4 ,! "q mu/ (t5 arise z to :e!r dipp+ or spray+ is ! be/ & *eape/ to employ4 ,! answ] is t ev]y?+ w dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! article t is to be pa9t$4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 pa9t+ by imm]sion possesses _m advantages1 because ! actual "w ( apply+ ! pa9t is done 9 a few m9utes & e "p ( ! article is cov]$ ) pa9t at "o "t4 ,9 reap+ ma*9]y1 iron treads ( /aircases & _m o!r p>ts ( ! k9d 9 :i* !re are a l>ge numb] ( small p>ts or depressions1 pa9t dipp+ _c be improv$ ^u2 on ! o!r h&1 spray+ possesses di/9ct advantages 9 deal+ ) _m classes ( goods :i* are ( su* a %ape or "* t if ! pa9t 7 appli$ by dipp+ "s accumulation 9 p>ts w\ld inevitably occur4 ,a decision on ! subject c only be arriv$ at aft] a v c>eful /udy 9 comp>ison ( ! two me?ods4 ,x w frequ5tly be f\nd t1 on ! :ole1 ! mo/ economical plan to pursue is to dip ! fir/ & subsequ5t coats1 except+ ! la/1 & to spray ?is on1 p>ticul>ly :5 x consi/s ( v>ni% or a visc\s liquid4 ,x is 9 ?is p>ticul> t "o c draw a wide di/9ction betwe5 ! two me?ods4 ,9 dipp+1 ! pa9t mu/ n be v ?ick1 &1 z previ\sly /at$1 9 design+ a pa9t = ! purpose ! greate/ ef=t is made to produce "o :i* gives a happy m$ium betwe5 excessive ?ickness & ! rev]se1 too ?9 a coat4 ,j z soon z ! peculi>ities ( ! article to be pa9t$ necessitate ! use ( all ?ick pa9t or enamel x mu/ be consid]$ t dipp+ is n suitable1 b t spray+ is4 ,! latt] may be employ$ successfully ) any liquid up to ! ?ickness ( t>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaa4--;,,airo/yle ,,plant ,,%[+ ,,v5tilator ,,& ,,portion ,,( ,,hoods ,,= #d ,,or #f ,,hoods ,,provid+ ,,= ,,subsequ5t ,,enl>gem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aab4--;,,elevation ,,( ,,spray+ ,,plant4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aac4--;,,elevation ,,( ,,spray+ ,,plant4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aad4--,,plan ,,( ,,figs4 #aaa ,,& #aab4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,application ,,( ,,pa9t ,,spray+4 ,"s ( ! small] & m delicate types ( spray+ app>atus are l>gely employ$ = su* purposes z ! foll[+3--,black & :ite & wat]-col\r draw+1 photograph f9i%+1 prep>+ pictures = process blocks1 ,*ri/mas c>ds1 w9d[ tickets1 emboss$ c>ds & small /5cil & %ad$ "w on fabrics1 wood1 glass1 metal1 lea!r1 etc41 li?ographic "w1 picture pa9t+ 9 oils1 decoration ( pott]y & /5cil & %ad$ "w ( all k9ds4 ,!y are also employ$ = produc+ v *>m+ effects 9 wallpap]4 ,! writ] has se5 mo/ cr$itable examples ( "w done 9 ?is way on m5u c>ds1 lamp %ades1 & ev5 /5cill$ ornam5ts on m5's ties4 ,a few examples ( ?is class ( "w are giv5 9 ! accompany+ illu/rations4 ,x may be po9t$ out t :5 decorative "w is requir$ on metal "w or eng9e]+ appliances1 x c 9 mo/ cases be done by spray+ )\t mu* difficulty1 aid$ 9 "s cases by /5cils specially cut = ! purpose4 ,?us ! outl9e ( a trade m>k1 a monogram or a coat-(-arms1 or h]aldic device c be easily spray$ & be !n f9i%$ by h&4 ,aga91 ! l9+ on a motor or c>riage c1 if c>e is tak51 be done by ! same means1 al?\gh x mu/ be said t ! result is nev] q equal to t produc$ by ! h& ( a skillful work]4 ,9 relief "w1 su* z ornam5tal iron1 press$ pap]1 etc41 "s pretty effects may be produc$ by spray+ a diff]5t col\r to t ( ! gr\nd 9 su* a mann] t only "o side ( ! relief receives ! second col\r4 ,?is is effect$ by direct+ ! spray f ! side4 ,mo/ read]s w be famili> ) ^! effects produc$ on m5u c>ds1 conc]t programmes1 etc4 ,! possibilities 9 connection ) relief metal "w are _m4 ,ano!r s]ies ( effects 9 :i* brilliancy ( col\r+ is requir$ may be ref]r$ to 9 pass+4 ,sometimes a bright r$ or a bright gre5 is desir$ = ! f9i% ( a p>ticul> piece ( "w4 ,9 su* cases a use ( ! process kn[n z col\r glaz+ is recomm5d$4 ,= example1 an agricultural implem5t or any o!r article :i* x is desir$ %\ld h a bright crimson f9i% c be fir/ pa9t$ ) ,v5etian or ,indian r$1 by ei!r spray+ or dipp+1 & !n h a coat ( crimson lake1 :i* w give an excell5t effect4 ,z ! crimson lake is some:at fugitive a protect+ coat ( v>ni% w be requir$4 ,all glaz+ col\rs may be appli$ by dipp+1 because1 be+ semi-transp>5t1 !y are all v f9e1 & ! coats may be ?91 b ! v>ni% %\ld be appli$ by spray+ or by h&4 ,x may ( c\rse1 be ( a v>iety suitable = bak+ or /ov+ if requir$4 ,?is process is an alt]native to us+ col\r$ enamels1 & 9 "s cases gives bett] results4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! col\r & ! con/itu5ts ( ! enamels4 ,_m ( ! lakes are v s5sitive to a high heat1 :i* *anges ! col\r to a dirty br[n4 ,9 su* cases a f9al coat ( /ov+ v>ni%1 if c>efully h&l$1 w be saf] ?an "s grades ( enamel4 ,,scumbl+ ,,& ,,col\r ,,glaz+4 ,= conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce we include a %ort li/ ( glaz+ col\rs tak5 f ,&rew ,mill]'s ,scumbl+ & ,col\r ,glaz+1 publi%$ by ! ,trade ,pap]s ,publi%+ ,co41 ,ltd41 #cfe1 ,birkbeck ,bank ,*amb]s1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 ,,glaz+4 ,! pr9cipal col\rs us$ = glaz+ are cadmium1 crimson lake1 ,prussian blue1 lemon & orange1 *rome1 yell[1 ,brunswick gre51 c>m9e1 madd] lake1 ,*9ese blue1 cobalt1 indigo1 gamboge1 t]ra v]te & em]ald gre54 ,^! col\rs may be us$ gr\nd 9 ei!r l9se$ oil1 turp5t9e or wat]4 ,"s ( !m are r exp5sive1 b ! coat be+ v ?9 a little col\r goes a long way4 ,foll[+ is a li/ ( gr\nd col\rs ) ! glaz+ :i* may be us$ 9 conjunction ) !m4 ,!y by no means exhau/ ! range ( effects1 b are giv5 z sugge/ions3-- ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aae4--;,,designs ,,= ,,lamp ,,%ades 7,,op5$ ,,out7 ,,done ,,by ,,spray+4 ,,r$s4 ,,apricot4--,gr\nd made up ) z9c :ite1 middle *rome1 & v]milionette1 glaz$ ) crimson lake4 ,,begonia4--,:ite z9c1 v]milionette & ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) br[n madd] lake4 ,,c>nation4--,:ite z9c & v]milion1 glaz$ ) crimson madd] lake4 ,,cl>et4--,z9c oxide1 ,v5etian r$ & v]milion glaz$ ) br[n madd] lake2 or z9c oxide & ultram>9e blue1 glaz$ ) c>m9e4 ,,coral4--,:ite z9c1 v]milion & lemon *rome1 glaz$ ) crimson lake4 ,,fle% ,,col\r4--,:ite z9c1 yell[ o*re & ,v5etian r$1 glaz$ ) burnt si5na4 ,,g]anium4--,bright ,d]by r$ & orange *rome1 glaz$ ) crimson lake4 ,,lilac4--,:ite lead1 v]milion & ultram>9e blue1 glaz$ ) br[n madd] lake4 ,,mag5ta4--,z9c oxide & ultram>9e blue1 glaz$ ) crimson lake4 ,,pea*4--,z9c oxide1 v]milion & lemon *rome1 glaz$ ) cadmium 7deep72 or :ite lead & ,v5etian r$ glaz$ ) c>m9e4 ,,plum4--,z9c :ite1 ,indian r$1 & ultram>9e blue1 glaz$ ) c>m9e2 or :ite lead & ,indian r$1 glaz$ ) ultram>9e blue4 ,,pomegranate4--,z9c :ite1 ,v5etian r$ & lemon *rome1 glaz$ ) burnt si5na4 ,,russet4--,v5etian r$1 orange *rome1 lemon *rome1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre5 7?974 ,,rose4--,z9c oxide & v]milion1 glaz$ ) crimson lake2 or :ite lead & lemon *rome1 glaz$ ) c>m9e4 ,,t]ra-,,cotta4--,:ite z9c & ,v5etian r$1 glaz$ ) burnt si5na4 ,,blues4 ,,azure ,,blue4--,z9c oxide & ultram>9e blue1 glaz$ ) cobalt4 ,,bronze ,,blue4--,z9c :ite & ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) black japan4 ,,*9a ,,blue4--,z9c :ite1 cobalt & raw si5na1 glaz$ ) indigo4 ,,gobel9 ,,blue4--,:ite1 blue black1 ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre54 ,,m>9e ,,or ,,sea ,,blue4--,ultram>9e1 ivory black1 glaz$ ) cobalt2 or :ite1 raw si5na & cobalt1 glaz$ ) indigo4 ,,metallic ,,blue4--,z9c :ite & cobalt1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre52 or z9c oxide1 ,prussian blue1 black1 glaz$ ) indigo4 ,,mauve4--,z9c oxide & cobalt glaz$ ) c>m9e2 or z9c oxide & cele/ial blue glaz$ ) c>m9e4 ,,peacock ,,blue4--,z9c oxide & ultram>9e1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre52 or z9c oxide & ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) cobalt4 ,,turquoise4--,z9c :ite & cobalt1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre54 ,,w$gwood4--,z9c :ite1 ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) t]ra-v]te4 ,,yell[s4 ,,amb]4--,z9c :ite1 gold5 o*re1 glaz$ ) cadmium 7deep72 or :ite lead & lemon *rome1 glaz$ ) cadmium4 ,,antique ,,brass4--,z9c :ite lead1 orange *rome1 glaz$ ) ,v&yke br[n or black japan4 ,,brass4--,yell[ o*re1 :ite lead1 orange *rome glaz$ ) ,v&yke br[n4 ,,can>y4--,z9c :ite & ,naples yell[1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre5 7?974 ,,*amois4--,z9c :ite & middle *rome1 glaz$ ) t]ra-v]te4 ,,citron4--,z9c :ite & middle *rome1 glaz$ ) br[n madd] lake 7?972 or :ite lead1 ,v5etian r$1 lemon *rome1 glaz$ ) ,prussian blue4 ,,daffodil4--,z9c :ite1 lemon *rome1 glaz$ ) burnt si5na4 ,,gold4--,z9c oxide1 gold5 o*re1 v]milionette1 glaz$ ) raw si5na4 ,,old ,,gold4--,middle *rome1 v]milion1 burnt si5na glaz$ ) cobalt 7?972 or z9c oxide1 ,ox=d o*re1 glaz$ ) burnt si5na4 ,,primrose4--,z9c oxide1 lemon *rome1 ,naples yell[1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre54 ,,topaz4--,z9c oxide1 raw si5na1 lemon *rome1 glaz$ ) cadmium 7deep74 ,,gre5s4 ,,apple ,,gre54--,z9c oxide1 ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) cadmium 7middle72 or lemon *rome1 z9c oxide1 cele/ial blue1 glaz$ ) lemon *rome4 ,,duck-,,egg ,,gre54--,z9c oxide1 lemon *rome1 glaz$ ) ,prussian blue4 ,,eau-,,de-,,nil4--,z9c oxide1 lemon *rome1 ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre54 ,,grass ,,gre54--,z9c oxide1 ,ox=d o*re1 glaz$ ) cobalt4 ,,ivy ,,gre54--,z9c oxide1 lemon *rome1 burnt si5na1 glaz$ ) ,prussian blue4 ,,myrtle ,,gre54--,z9c oxide & ultram>9e1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre54 ,,olive4--,z9c oxide1 lemon *rome1 burnt si5na1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre54 ,,br[ns4 ,,*e/nut4--,yell[ o*re & middle *rome1 glaz$ ) burnt si5na2 or burnt si5na & orange *rome1 glaz$ ) ,v&yke br[n4 ,,*ocolate4--,burnt si5na1 v]milion1 ultram>9e glaz$ ) crimson lake2 or burnt si5na & ,indian r$1 glaz$ ) ,v&yke br[n4 ,,*]ry4--,raw si5na & burnt si5na1 glaz$ ) raw umb]4 ,,nut ,,br[n4--,v5etian r$1 lemon *rome1 z9c oxide1 glaz$ ) burnt si5na4 ,,grays4 ,,cool ,,gray4--,z9c oxide & ivory black1 glaz$ ) ,prussian blue4 ,,dove4--,:ite1 ivory black1 ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) t]ra-v]te4 ,,fawn4--,:ite1 raw si5na1 glaz$ ) raw umb]4 ,,heliotrope4--,z9c oxide1 v]milionette1 glaz$ ) ultram>9e4 ,,lav5d]4--,z9c oxide1 ultram>9e & c>m9e1 glaz$ ) cobalt4 ,,m\se ,,gray4--,z9c oxide1 ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) burnt umb]4 ,,pe>l ,,gray4--,:ite1 ,prussian blue1 & v]milion1 glaz$ ) t]ra v]te2 or z9c oxide1 v]milion1 glaz$ ) em]ald gre54 ,,silv] ,,grey4--,z9c oxide1 ivory black1 glaz$ ) indigo4 ,,opal4--,z9c oxide1 cele/ial blue1 glaz$ ) burnt si5na4 ,,w>m ,,gray4--,z9c oxide1 ,v5etian r$ & ivory black1 glaz$ ) ,v&yke br[n4 ,,w$gwood ,,gray4--,z9c oxide1 ,prussian blue1 glaz$ ) t]ra v]te4 ,,note4--,! t]ms ,z9c :ite1 ,:ite z9c us$ above1 all mean pure z9c oxide4 ,,scumbl+ ,,& ,,gra9+4 ,x is sometimes desir$ to obta9 a diff]5t effect f pla9 pa9t or enamel1 & to ei!r imitate gra9+1 su* z old oak or to give mottl$ effects4 ,bo? processes are produc$ by scumbl+1 :i* means t ! gr\nd & f9i%+ col\rs are diff]5t 9 hue or 9 int5sity1 & t portions ( ! latt] are remov$ to %[ "p ( ! gr\nd4 ,?us1 9 imitat+ oak1 ! gr\nd might be pa9t$ ) a mixture ( z9c oxide & yell[ o*re1 & ! gra9+ col\r be made ( burnt umb] & raw si5na4 ,bo? coats c\ld be appli$ ei!r by dipp+ or spray+1 b :ile ! latt] is wet1 portions %\ld be remov$ by combs & by ! ?umb held ov] a piece ( rag1 bo? m>ks be+ int5d$ to repres5t ! gra9 ( ! wood4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! col\rs may be appli$ z be=e1 & ! la/ coat1 :ile wet1 be wip$ away at ! edges1 or 9 ! case ( relief metal "w1 at ! highe/ p>ts4 ,aga91 "s excell5t effects are obta9$ by us+ diff]5t col\rs = ! two coats1 z sugge/$1 & /ippl+ ! second1 :ile wet4 ,space w n p]mit ( a m l5g?y ref]5ce to ?is "p ( ! subject1 b full in=mation c be obta9$ f ,mr4 ,mill]'s book already m5tion$4 ,some?+ %\ld be said1 h[ev]1 ab\t ,,bru% ,,gra9+1 because x is s v well suit$ = "w ( ?is "*1 & by its use "s v pleasant effects may be produc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaf4--,,%[ ,,c>d ,,done ,,by ,,spray+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aag4--;,,ano!r ,,example4 ,9 ?is case1 a mat]ial su* z ,mats9e1 or ,scumblette is appli$ by spray+ ov] a diff]5t col\r$ gr\nd1 &1 :ile wet1 ?is is flogg$1 or a dry bru% is drawn ov] ! surface1 remov+ hair-l p>ts :i* expose ! gr\nd col\r b5ea?4 ,?us a v d>k gre5 or ev5 black may be us$ ov] a :ite or ne>ly :ite gr\nd1 or a v d>k r$ ov] an orange *rome gr\nd4 ,v>i\s metallic effects may also be produc$ on wood or o!r mat]ials by us+ silv]1 alum9ium1 gold or copp] leaf1 & p>tly spray+ ov] x a lacqu] ( suitable col\r4 ,! actual gra9+ c be done 9 ! ord9>y way by an exp]t artisan1 b z a rule ?is w\ld be too co/ly :5 p]haps ?\s&s ( iron or o!r goods are to be turn$ out 9 a %ort "t4 ,9 su* a case transf] gra9+ pap] is sometimes employ$1 b ?is also is some:at co/ly4 ,bellamy's gra9+ roll]s are f\nd to be v economical4 ,?is tool consi/s ( a cyl9d] on ! outside ( :i* is engrav$ ! gra9 ( v>i\s woods1 su* z oak1 mahogany1 maple1 sat9 wood1 bir*1 walnut & a%4 ,all t is necess>y 9 work+ x1 is to pass ! roll] ov] ! surface imm$iately aft] ! gra9+ col\r has be5 appli$1 :5 x w be f\nd to remove "s ( ! pa9t & give ! appe>ance ( gra9+4 ,?is appe>ance is consid]ably enhanc$ if ! p>ts are s(t5$ aft] ! roll] is us$ by go+ ov] ! "w ) a badg] s(t5]4 ,,m>ble ,,gr\nds4 ,= ! conv5i5ce ( ^? :o are call$ ^u to imitate m>ble = any class ( "w1 ! foll[+ in=mation is giv5 z to ! col\rs to be employ$ = ! gr\nd col\rs4 ,,:ite4--,a dead :ite gr\nd %\ld be us$ mix$ to dry h>d & smoo?4 ,,si5na4--,:ite bl5d$ ) a mixture ( :ite & raw si5na 9 irregul> pat*es4 ,,p9k ,,m>ble4--,! gr\nd may be ! same z t us$ = si5na1 b a little ,v5etian r$ %\ld be add$ to give x a p9ki% ca/4 ,,alaba/]4--,light cream gr\nd made by add+ a little middle *rome & v]milion to :ite4 ,,r\ge ,,grotte4--,?is is a v beautiful m>ble :i* conta9s a l>ge numb] ( diff]5t col\rs4 ,! gr\nd may be ei!r :ite or ,v5etian r$1 mix$ ) a little *rome yell[4 ,,granite4--,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( granite1 ! pr9cipal be+ t]m$ grey & r$ respectively4 ,to mix ! =m] gr\nd1 add a little black & ,prussian blue ) j a t\* ( ,indian r$ to :ite4 ,! gr\nds = r$ granites c be produc$ by mix+ ,v5etian r$ & :ite4 ,,r\ge ,,royal4--,a mixture ( ,indian r$1 ,v5etian r$ & vegetable black1 ) a little :ite1 w make ! correct col\r = ! gr\nd ( ?is beautiful m>ble4 ,x is v necess>y t ! gr\nd be q solid1 & to produce ?is1 two1 or ev5 ?ree1 coats may be necess>y4 ,,egyptian ,,gre54--,! gr\nd %\ld be a dead black4 ,,v]d ,,antique4--,! same z above4 ,,devon%ire ,,m>ble4--,v5etian r$ & o*re ) a little :ite to produce a light t]ra-cotta gr\nd4 ,,black ,,& ,,gold4--,a dead black gr\nd %\ld be us$4 ,,dove4--,9 ?is case a :ite gr\nd )\t gloss may be employ$1 b a grey is bett]1 su* z t produc$ by t9t+ :ite ) ,prussian blue1 a little black & a v little ,indian r$4 ,,grey4--,! same z dove4 ,,/4 ,,anne',s--,a dead black gr\nd %\ld be us$4 ,,gra9+ ,,gr\nds4 ,,poll>d ,,oak4--,! gr\nd col\r is prep>$ ) a mixture ( ,ox=d o*re1 ,v5etian r$ & :ite lead 9 proportions1 to =m a ri* buff2 or :ite lead1 *rome yell[ & v]milion may be us$4 ,,knott$ ,,or ,,root ,,( ,,oak4--,?is gr\nd is exactly ! same z ! above4 ,,bir*4--,! gr\nd is prep>$ ) :ite lead1 a little ,ox=d o*re & a little ,v5etian r$1 ( :i* latt]1 h[ev]1 only suffici5t mu/ be us$ to make a v light buff col\r4 ,,mahogany4--,! gr\nd col\r is prep>$ ) ! be/ ,v5etian r$1 yell[ o*re & a little :ite lead 7or orange *rome may be sub/itut$ = ! yell[ o*re74 ,if x is desir$ to increase ! brilliancy ( ! col\r1 sub/itute v]milion = ,indian r$4 ,if a light gr\nd is requir$ use ! same col\rs z above1 add+ m :ite4 ,! addition ( a little v]milion w increase ! ri*ness ( ! col\r4 ,,rosewood4--,! gr\nd col\r is mix$ 9 ! same mann] z above describ$ = mahogany1 b a little burnt ,turkey umb] & ,victoria lake is add$4 ,,sat9wood4--,a little ,ox=d o*re add$ to :ite lead gives ! prop] gr\nd = ?is wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aah4--,,%[+ ,,! ,,beautiful ,,%ad$ ,,effects ,,:i* ,,may ,,be ,,produc$ ,,by ,,spray+ 7,,/rong74 ,,walnut4--,! gr\nd is prep>$ ) :ite lead1 ,v5etian r$ & ,ox=d o*re1 ) a small quantity ( burnt ,turkey umb]1 b n s mu* z to de/roy ! appe>ance ( ! o!r col\rs & make !m poor4 ,nei!r r$ nor yell[ %\ld be 9 excess1 b all %\ld be ton$ d[n ) ! umb]4 ,al?\gh ?is col\r may look dull :5 mix$1 x is only a relative dullness1 & x w %9e out brightly en\gh :5 gra9$ & glaz$4 ,,bird',s ,,eye ,,maple4--,?is gr\nd may be prep>$ ) ei!r :ite lead & a little ,ox=d o*re1 ,v5etian r$ or v]milion1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 n to use too mu*4 ,,sat9wood4--,! gr\nd %\ld be a yell[i% :ite1 obta9$ by add+ yell[ o*re to :ite lead4 ,,note4--,^? :o desire to obta9 copies ( m>bles & woods pr9t$ 9 col\r1 f :i* to copy1 %\ld obta9 ei!r or all ( ! foll[+ books3--,! ,art ( ,gra9+ & ,m>bl+1 by ,james ,petrie4 ,price #bes4 ,! ,trade ,pap]s ,publi%+ ,co41 ,ltd41 #cfe1 ,birkbeck ,bank ,*amb]s1 ,high ,holborn1 ,london1 ,w4,c42 ,! ,art ( ,gra9+1 by ,w4 ,su!rl&4 ,price #bes4 ,a4 ,m4 ,su!rl&1 #bf1 ,ox=d ,road1 ,*orlton-on-,m$lock1 ,man*e/]2 ,gra9+1 by ,a4 ,r4 ,van d] ,burg1 #bfs41 ,crosby ,lockwood & ,co41 ,/ation]s' ,hall ,c\rt1 ,london1 ,e4,c4 ,9 ,fig4 #aai is giv5 an illu/ration ( a fruit di%1 ! ornam5tation ( :i* has be5 done by spray+4 ,9 ,fig4 #abj is %[n a portion ( a table cov] done by ! ,airo/yle on a f9e art fabric4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 no limit to ! numb] ( arti/ic designs :i* may be produc$ by apply+ ! pa9t by compress$ air2 inde$1 ! air bru% or spray+ ma*9e = ?is class ( "w produces results :i* _c be obta9$ 9 any o!r way4 ,sev]al ( ! engrav+s illu/rate =ms ( adv]tis+ c>ds all done by spray+1 :ile ,fig4 #aah illu/rates v well inde$ ! diff]5t effects 9 =m :i* may be produc$ by ! spray prop]ly us$1 su* z ! rais$ panels1 ! sph]e 9 ! middle & ! convex & concave portions ( cyl9d]4 ,^! examples are reproduc$1 ) full ackn[l$gm5ts1 f ! ,book ( ,designs by ,*as4 ,j4 ,/rong1 ( ! ,detroit ,s*ool ( ,lett]+1 ,detroit1 ,mi*41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,! price ( ?is book is #a 7#e4jj71 & x conta9s an imm5se numb] ( useful designs suitable = ! use ( sign pa9t]s1 %[ c>d writ]s & comm]cial arti/s4 ,x may be _h 9 ,london f ! (fice ( ! ,decorator1 #cfe1 ,birkbeck ,bank ,*amb]s1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,fl[+-,,on ,,sy/em4 ,! v late/ me?od ( f9i%+ automobiles :i* h /eel bodies is t at pres5t 9 use by ! ,=d ,motor ,co41 ,ltd41 at ,traf=d ,p>k1 ,man*e/]1 & else:]e4 ,! me?od is a rem>kable "o n only because ( ! great sav+ ( "t x effects1 b by reason ( ! fact t ! life ( ! pa9t$ or enamell$ surface is prolong$ by ! improv$ me?od4 ,/at$ briefly1 ! process consi/s 9 coat+ ! body ) blue-black enamel by means ( gravity only2 t is to say1 ! enamel is plac$ 9 an elevat$ tank & dis*>g$ on to ! "w ?r\gh a flexible pipe & slott$ nozzle op5$ by a lev] :i* is actuat$ by ! ?umb ( ! op]ator4 ,?us no spray+ is requir$1 :ile dipp+ is out ( ! "q1 z only ! outside ( ! body is requir$ to be pa9t$4 ,ea* coat takes two m9utes to apply to ! :ole surface ( a f\r-seat$ ,=d motor body6 ,an a*ievem5t :i* ju/ifies our use ( ! ^w rem>kable4 ,b x w be conv5i5t to expla9 h[ ! pres5t me?od came into use4 ,until a few mon?s ago ! sev]al und]coats 7 spray$ on ! "w 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 b ! f9i%+ coat ( v>ni% 0 fl[$ on by ! gravity app>atus n[ ref]r$ to4 ,!n x 0 ?\ght t ! und]coats might be appli$ by ! same me?od1 & "s c>eful exp]im5ts hav+ be5 made1 x 0 f\nd t by disp5s+ ) ! spray+ & fl[+ on ! coats a mu* m satisfactory result 0 obta9$4 ,z ! new me?od caus$ m pa9t to adh]e to ! "w ?an w\ld be put on by ! spray "u ord9>y conditions1 "o coat1 x 0 f\nd1 c\ld be disp5s$ ) altoge!r4 ,!re 0 also less rubb+ d[n requir$ because ( ! v smoo? coat obta9$ by fl[+ on1 &1 above all1 ! "t ( apply+ ! coat 0 r$uc$ to ! extraord9>ily %ort "t ( two m9utes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aai4--;,a ,,*9a ,,fruit ,,di% ,,decorat$ ,,) ,,! ,,airo/yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abj4--,,table ,,cov] ,,decorat$ ,,) ,,! ,,airo/yle4 ,! app>atus employ$ = ?is "w is ( ! simple/ "*4 ,! c> body is plac$ ^u a plat=m m\nt$ ^u :eels4 ,?is is made ( exactly ! "r size to fit betwe5 a ,v-%ap$ metal tr\gh :i* surr\nds ?ree sides ( ! body & is int5d$ to receive ! sup]flu\s pa9t1 a consid]able quantity ( :i* drips into x f ! body z ! enamel is appli$4 ,?is tr\gh1 a sket* ( :i* is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aba1 is slightly incl9$ s t ! pa9t :i* drips (f all runs to "o po9t1 :]e x passes ?r\gh a gauze cov]$ orifice1 desc5ds to a small tank b5ea?1 :5ce x is pump$ up to ! elevat$ tank above & is !n ready to be us$ aga94 ,?is elevat$ tank is cyl9drical & holds1 p]haps1 #be or #cj gallons4 ,x is /ation$ ov]head "s #ab or #ae feet high4 ,f ?is tank desc5ds a flexible metal pipe or hose end+ 9 a slott$ nozzle1 op5$ by a lev]1 :i* is op]at$ by ! ?umb ( ! workman & is clos$ by a spr+4 ,?is completes ?is simple ?\gh v effective app>atus4 ,! body ( ! c> is made ( /amp$ /eel :i* has already receiv$ a protective coat ( pa9t ( a dull r$ col\r1 ! body be+ plac$ ^u ! plat=m or bogie & be+ plac$ 9 position ) ! ,v-%ap$ tr\gh surr\nd+ x on ?ree sides4 ,! fir/ or und]coat is giv5 by rapidly pass+ ! slott$ end ( ! lev] valve ov] ! surface1 ^u :i* ! pa9t lit]ally p\rs out4 ,! top "p receives att5tion fir/ & ! pa9t runs d[n ov] ! surface1 :i* x cov]s completely1 except+ p]haps "h & !re1 :]e ! dis*>ge ( pa9t is direct$1 & ! :ole ( ! out] surface ( ! c> is1 z already /at$1 completely cov]$ 9 two m9utes4 ,?is coat dries semi-flat4 ,9 ord] t ! dis*>ge pipe may be kept ne>ly v]tical & be mov$ ar\nd ! c> z ! diff]5t sides are dealt ) x is provid$1 at its upp] end close to ! po9t :]e x jo9s ! tank1 ) a brass swivel union & a horizontal arm :i* sw+s ar\nd4 ,a /op-cock is also provid$4 ,! und]coat hav+ be5 appli$ ! body is all[$ to re/ = a few m9utes until ! dripp+ ceases4 ,x is !n :eel$ on ! bogie across ! room to an ov51 9 :i* x rema9s = "o h\r at a temp]ature ( #afj ,f4 ,?is heat is f\nd to be suffici5t to bake ! pa9t b is n high en\gh to injure ! woodwork :i*1 ( c\rse1 =ms "p ( ! body4 ,at ! expiration ( ! h\r a little /opp+ ( inequalities ( ! surface is usually f\nd necess>y1 b 9 any case ! surface is lightly rubb$ d[n ) f9e glass pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aba4--,,sket* ,,( ,,tr\gh ,,tank ,,us$ ,,9 ,,fl[+ ,,on ,,pa9t4 ,! body is n[ br\ght und]nea? a second tank ) ! ,v-%ap$ surr\nd+ tr\gh exactly z be=e describ$1 & "h x receives ano!r coat ( enamel or pa9t1 :i* 9 ?is case has a little m body & gloss4 ,aft] /ov+ z be=e & at ! same temp]ature ! surface is c>efully b rapidly rubb$ d[n ) p[d]$ pumice /one & wat] appli$ by means ( felt pads4 ,!re are a s]ies ( f\r tr\ghs & tanks 9 all1 correspond+ 9 numb] ) ! coats to be appli$4 ,f ! ?ird "o ! body receives a ?ird coat1 is !n bak$ or /ov$1 rubb$ d[n ) p[d]$ pumice & wat]1 ?or\ghly clean$ (f1 & f ! f\r? tank receives ! f9al coat ( v>ni% :i* completes ! op]ation4 ,?is coat ( v>ni% is n /ov$ b is air-dri$4 ,! f9i% is a blue-black pick$ out ) v d>k blue1 & x is free f any signs ( runs or drips2 9 fact1 no "o c\ld tell h[ ! application 0 made4 ,z already rem>k$1 ! coats ( pa9t are some:at full] ?an w\ld be ! case if !y 7 appli$ by spray+1 & ! durability is !reby increas$4 ,! output f ?is dep>tm5t is #gj c>s a day1 a numb] :i* w\ld be practically impossible if ! "w 7 n s spl5didly sy/emis$4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! v>ni% is appli$ 9 a sep>ate room f t us$ = ! application ( col\r4 ,?is is done 9 ord] to exclude du/1 & also to ma9ta9 ! temp]ature at #ij ,f4 ,9 consid]+ ! ess5tial po9ts ( ?is me?od ( f9i%+ motor bodies1 x is cle> t ! sy/em might be successfully appli$ 9 v _m o!r indu/ries to a great v>iety ( goods4 ,! app>atus is s simple 9 "* t no eng9e] w\ld h ! lea/ difficulty 9 design+ a plant suitable = any p>ticul> requirem5t4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ! crux ( ! :ole situation is ! k9d ( pa9t or enamel us$4 ,x mu/ be suffici5tly viscid to hold on to ! surface to :i* x is appli$1 suffici5tly liquid to run (f freely )\t leav+ runs1 te>s or fat edges4 ,&1 above all1 x mu/ fl[ out uni=mly4 ,all ^! conditions1 h[ev]1 apply also to a dipp+ plant1 & only require c>eful consid]ation on ! "p ( ! pa9t manufactur] :o has made a special /udy ( ! subject4 ,! v>ni% appli$ by ?is me?od mu/ also be ( a special "* s t x may fl[ out nicely )\t yield+ too ?ick a coat1 :i* w\ld be likely to lead to blemi%es4 ,ord9>y pa9t1 enamel or v>ni%1 !n1 w n answ] = ?is class ( "w1 b special products mu/ be employ$1 & :5 ^! are obta9$1 ! re/ is comp>atively easy4 ,,! ,,floco ,,process4 ,?is process is 9 "s respects simil> to t above m5tion$1 ! diff]5ce be+ t x is int5d$ pr9cipally = ! application ( v>ni% by fl[+ ov] a pa9t$ surface done by spray4 ,! ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ! app>atus is t ! v>ni%1 in/ead ( be+ dis*>g$ by gravity1 is pump$ up f a tank4 ,x is l>gely us$ 9 ,am]ica1 & is manufactur$ by ! ,de,vilbiss ,manufactur+ ,company1 ,tol$o1 ,ohio1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,x is p>ticul>ly suitable = automobile bodies & l>ge surfaces g5]ally4 ,! process fl[s su* mat]ials z v>ni%es1 enamels & japans1 :5 x is impracticable to spray !m4 ,x has sup]s$$ ! inadequate1 ineffici5t fl[+ sy/ems us$ 9 ! pa/1 & is also replac+ bru% & dip me?ods z practis$ 9 _m in/ances4 ,! equipm5t ( ! process comprises a #ae-;gallon tank1 drawn f "o %eet ( /eel & heavily t9n$2 #a-f ,h4,p4 motor1 h\s$ 91 driv+ a rot>y pump2 regulator2 nozzle2 electric fitt+s2 flexible fluid hose1 & galvaniz$ iron dra9 tr\gh on rack4 ,all p>ts1 except+ nozzle1 hose & tr\gh1 are m\nt$ on a ca/]$ truck = mov+ ab\t4 ,! truck is equipp$ ) a rack ar\nd :i* to w9d ! hose :5 n 9 use1 & a hold] = ! nozzle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abb4--,,! ,,floco ,,sy/em ,,( ,,pa9t+ ,,motor ,,bodies4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abc4--,,%[ ,,c>d ,,done ,,by ,,spray+ 7,,/rong74 ,! f9i%+ mat]ial1 su* z v>ni%1 to be us$ is pump$ f ! bottom ( ! tank by ! electric motor-driv5 pump1 9 a cont9u\s /ream1 ?r\gh ! flexible hose1 to ! nozzle4 ,! fl[ ( mat]ial is adju/$ by ! regulator1 by means ( :i* a v>y+ am\nt is n put into use & return$ to ! tank4 ,9 ?is way ! fl[ f ! nozzle is in/antly adaptable to any class ( "w & viscosity ( fluid )\t *ang+ ! spe$ ( ! motor4 ,:5 ! nozzle is clos$ ! mat]ial pump$ is all =c$ back into ! tank ?r\gh ! ov]fl[4 ,?is1 s]ves to agitate ! mat]ial2 9 fact1 is ! only agitation necess>y ) mat]ial conta9+ pigm5t1 su* z col\r v>ni%4 ,! body to be fl[$ is--z %[n 9 ,fig4 #abb--plac$ ov] ! dra9 tr\gh4 ,! op]ator fir/ applies ! mat]ial all along ! top1 !n fl[s x copi\sly ov] ! upp] half ( ! surface4 ,suffici5t mat]ial is ?us1 appli$ to insure a p]fect fl[ to ! bottom4 ,! job is all[$ to dra9 into ! tr\gh :i* c>ries ! mat]ial back to ! tank--"h x is /ra9$ &1 )\t ! slighte/ wa/e1 us$ aga94 ,only en\gh mat]ial is put into ! tank to take c>e ( ! "w at h&1 or to h&le ! day's production4 ,! maximum am\nt ( mat]ial expos$ is #ae gallons--! tank's capacity4 ,! nozzle w op]ate satisfactorily on a gallon ( mat]ial4 ,! tank1 motor1 pump & regulator are--z previ\sly /at$--m\nt$ on a truck fitt$ ) ca/]s1 p]mitt+ ( ^! p>ts be+ mov$ ab\t ) ! greate/ ( ease4 ,ano!r appreciable advantage ( ?is /yle ( arrangem5t is t an extra truck c be kept on h& & put into imm$iate use 9 case ( accid5t4 ,! clean+ ( ! p>ts is simple4 ,! nozzle ( ! ma*9e is deta*$ & all ( ! mat]ial pump$ out ( ! tank1 aft] :i* a small quantity ( naph?a--or "s o!r simil> solv5t--is put into ! tank & pump$ ?r\gh ! ma*9e4 ,z ! motor is only #a-f ,h4,p41 ! consumption ( p[] is l[4 ,! motor is made = all k9ds ( curr5t1 & c be atta*$ to any light socket4 ,x may be obs]v$ t ! pressure tank us$ 9 ?is equipm5t p]mits ( ! use ( heavi] or m viscid enamels & pa9ts ?an w\ld be possible :]e gravity 0 dep5d$ ^u4 ,9 view1 h[ev]1 ( ! success :i* has be5 met ) 9 ! case ( ! ,=d ,motor ,company1 !re appe>s to be no reason :y ! ,floco process %\ld n be us$ = "s ( ! und]coats1 z well z = ! f9i%+4 ,! foll[+ article by ,m4 ,c4 ,hillick appe>$ 9 ,! ,pa9t]s' ,magaz9e1 ( ,new ,york1 & w d\btless be read ) int]e/3-- ,! ,willys-,ov]l& automobile factory has rec5tly be5 in/all$ ) sixte5 l>ge enamell+ furnaces or ov5s hav+ a volume ( #dh1jjj cubic feet & a capacity ( #adj tons ( enamell$ product e t5 h\rs4 ,^! ov5s h be5 electrifi$ & !y require approximately #e1ejj horse-p[]4 ,= "s mon?s pa/ ! ,ov]l& ,company has be5 te/+ "o ( ^! electrically-heat$ ov5s1 & ! results h1 9 e way1 measur$ up to expectations4 ,=m]ly ! company1 9 common ) practically all o!r companies us+ enamell+ or bak+ ov5s1 employ$ gas z ! treat+ m$ium4 ,! ov5s n[ electrifi$ are almo/ entirely automatic 9 op]ation4 ,:5 ! ov5 is load$ ! clos+ ( its doors automatically ?r[s a swit* :i* turns on ! curr5t4 ,a pyromet] :i* c be adju/$ to op]ate at any desir$ temp]ature r+s a bell :5 ! prop] degree ( heat is rea*$1 ?us notify+ ! att5dant1 & also automatically turn+ (f ! curr5t4 ,! electrically heat$ ov5 does away ) all flue gases & ) _! att5dant dirt & spots4 ,x also r$uces ! requir$ volume ( v5tilation to ! m9imum1 !reby elim9at+ air curr5ts & ! du/ :i*1 9 great] or less degree1 usually accompany !m4 ,! electrification ( ! ov5s does away ) explosions1 bani%es dang] f fire1 & gives an assur$ safety fir/ to ! workm54 ,! heat is said to be non-oxidiz+ &1 !re=e1 _c scald ! op]ator4 ,! work+ qu>t]s are r5d]$ com=table & a high] grade ( "w is made possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abd4--,,%[ ,,c>d ,,done ,,by ,,spray+ 7,,/rong74 ,:ile = ! cu/om %op pa9t] x is a long way to su* equipm5t1 ! fact t ^! facilities are gradually be+ acquir$ leads to ! assumption t1 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s at mo/1 "s portion ( ! "w com+ to ! %op = pa9t+ repairs w be h&l$ ?r\gh ! bak+ ov54 ,9 connection ) ?is subject ( enamell+ & ov5 bak+1 ! v>i\s co/s ( pa9t & v>ni%1 x is to be not$ t ! excessive temp]ature employ$ 9 bak+ is be+ criticis$ z detrim5tal to ! f9i%4 ,rec5t te/s are said to h be5 made :i* %[ t bak+ pa9t & v>ni% at ! maximum temp]ature %ort5s ! life ( ! f9i%4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,lawrie1 ( ! ,*emical ,works ( ,milwaukee1 ,wis41 has /at$ t1 z a rule1 ! l[] ! temp]ature & ! long] ! "t ! pa9t & v>ni% is bak$1 ! f9] ! appe>ance1 s]vice & durability ( ! f9i% & ! great] its capacity = resi/+ moi/ure4 ,! f9i% w h m ela/icity & deep] lu/re4 ,mr4 ,lawrie is ( ! op9ion t twelve h\rs at #ahj degrees are bett] ?an five h\rs at #bhj degrees4 ,9 "s motor c> %ops1 )9 ! pa/ two ye>s1 by ! use ( bak+ ov5s c>s 7 pa9t$ & f9i%$1 all coats be+ bak$1 & made ready = s]vice 9 ?ree days4 ,h[ev]1 we are n comm5d+ or recomm5d+ ?is practice4 ,= ! cu/om %op pa9t]1 especially1 x is entirely unsuit$4 ,nor w\ld we recomm5d ! bak+ process = surfaces o!r ?an metal4 ,! same disadvantages m>%all$ 9 opposition to bak+ pa9t & v>ni% ^u wood surfaces fifte5 ye>s ago1 or long]1 /ill rema9 9 evid5ce4 ,= alum9ium1 %eet /eel or o!r metal panels or metal surfaces 9 g5]al1 ! bak+ process (f]s an opportunity = f9i%+ "w "u conditions m uni=m ?an any :i* may be expect$ to prevail outside ! ov54 ,an o!r advantage is not$ 9 fav\r ( ov5 bak+4 ,x p]mits ! use ( m ela/ic mat]ials )\t ! aid ( artificial oxidiz+ ag5ts4 ,z comp>$ to ! pres5t air-dry+ sy/em1 ! ov5 bak+ me?od1 op]at$ ^u a cons]vative basis1 p]mits ! c> to be ?or\ghly pa9t$ & f9i%$ 9 six or eight days4 ,! use ( m ela/ic mat]ials--pa9ts1 col\rs & v>ni%es--has be5 m5tion$ z a "p ( ! ov5 bak+ me?od4 ,^u /eel surfaces ?is is p]haps m necess>y ?an ^u alum9ium1 & possibly iron4 ,/eel has a l9e> expansion d\ble t ( wood4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 exp]ts 9 ^! matt]s employ$ by ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ass]t t ! contraction & expansion ( /eel surfaces is mu* m pron\nc$ ?an ! same action 9 wood4 ,mat]ials ( great] ela/icity z comp>$ to ^? us$ 9 natural air-dry+ practice are urg$4 ,prim]s & surfac]s1 & ! g5]al class ( f\ndation coats1 w require an av]age ( ?ree h\rs' bak+ at #bjj degrees ,f4 ,:ile "s col\rs require high] degrees ( heat ?an o!rs1 #agj degrees ,f4 bak$ =1 say1 six h\rs w dry ! av]age col\r1 exclud+ :ite4 ,! latt] pigm5t1 bak$ at a temp]ature v>y+ f #he to #aaj degrees ,f41 w dry prop]ly 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs1 & reta9 its natural purity ( col\r1 :]eas at a high] degree ( heat ! :ite takes on an objectionable yell[i% ca/4 ,black1 at ! opposite end ( ! col\r pole1 c be safely bak$ = six h\rs1 at some?+ l #bjj degrees ,f4 ,f9i%+ v>ni%es1 tak+ !m z !y run1 w bake at f #aaj to #aej degrees ,f4 = five or six h\rs4 ,9 all bak+ practice ! p]sonal equation figures l>gely4 ,reason1 good judgm5t1 ! capacity = tak+ pa9s--all ^! are items ( importance4 ,ov5 bak+ me?ods are be+ successfully employ$ 9 "s ( ! l>ge city repa9t+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,a firm ne> ,new ,york1 = example1 us+ :at is kn[n z ! radio process1 pa9ts & f9i%es a c> 9 ?ree days4 ,! clean+ ( ! c>s is accompli%$ by ! use ( a /eam jet1 a treatm5t :i* is said to cut away ! grease l magic4 ,all surface defects foll[+ ! clean+ ( ! c> are t\*$ up & fac$ ov] ) ! necess>y fill+ & surfac+ mat]ials4 ,!n ^! pat*$-up p>ts are rubb$ d[n ) wat] & rubb+ brick1 & ! g5]al surface ( ! c> is lightly rubb$ ) pulv]iz$ pumice /one & wat]4 ,all col\r1 & v>ni% col\r1 coats are appli$ ) a pa9t atomiz]4 ,?is atomiz] is a pi/ol-%ap$ device op]at$ ) a trigg]1 ! mat]ial be+ spray$ f ! muzzle ( ! b>rel4 ,! v>ni% col\r is bak$ = ?ree h\rs at a temp]ature ( f #aaj to #abj degrees4 ,f #ij to #ajj degrees ( humidity are provid$ = ! ov51 & by means ( an exhau/ fan a fre% supply ( air is furni%$ e ?ree m9utes4 ,9 ! ov5 :]e ! v>ni% col\r coats are bak$ a !rmo/at is in/all$1 :i* regulates ! temp]ature4 ,all ! air ent]+ ! ov5 is wa%$ & purifi$ by runn+ x ?r\gh a wat] tank be=e x ent]s ! ov54 ,?is wat]-wa%$ air is =c$ into ! ov5 by a fan bl[]1 & contact ) a radiator sup]heats x4 ,9 practice1 ! high humidity "h ref]r$ to1 & ! wat]-wa%$ air1 are m$iums :i* s]ve to keep ! out] surface ( ! dry+ coat moi/ :ile ! inn] surface is dry+1 9 ?is mann] furni%+ 9 due "t a pa9t film dri$ uni=mly f top to bottom4 ,! f9i%+ v>ni% is dri$ 9 an ov5 hav+ a ma9ta9$ temp]ature ( f #ij to #ajj degrees1 ! humidity be+ regulat$ at f #fj to #gj p]c5t4 ,?is humidity is likewise f\nd to assi/ a v>ni% film to dry uni=mly ?r\gh\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abe4--;,,design ,,= ,,%[ ,,c>d 7,,/rong74 ,! treatm5t ( ! c> *assis 9 ! e/abli%m5t "h ref]r$ to is q simil> to t giv5 ! body ( ! c>4 ,a /eam treat$ pota% ba? is provid$ into :i* f5d]s & o!r remov$ p>ts are imm]s$1 remov+ all grease & =eign sub/ances1 & ev5 ! pa9t1 f su* p>ts4 ,^! p>ts1 aft] clean+1 are !n dropp$ into tanks conta9+ ! requir$ pa9ts1 v>ni% col\r1 etc41 aft] :i* !y are tak5 out & dra9$ & !n consign$ to an ov5 ma9ta9$ at a uni=m degree ( heat4 ,o!r e/abli%m5ts hav+ ov5s in/all$ are employ+ me?ods design$ to secure equally quick results )\t sacrific+ any measure ( durability or appe>ance4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ov5s1 n a few c> & c>riage pa9t]s are practis+ ! s-call$ hot-air me?od z f> z possible4 ,successful results are report$ 9 _m in/ances1 ! "w be+ turn$ out quick]1 ) an increase 9 lu/re advis$ 9 "s cases4 ,?is me?od is v simple & requires no previ\s exp]i5ce or special tra9+4 ,anyone capable ( provid+ ! necess>y degree ( heat--#he to #ie degrees ,f4--& ma9ta9+ x = eight or t5 consecutive h\rs1 c h ! b5efit1 9 full measure1 ( ! hot-air sy/em4 ,coats ( pa9t1 col\r1 v>ni% col\r & v>ni% dry rapidly 9 a temp]ature at ! above degree1 :]e ! v5tilation is good & a fair volume ( pure1 fre% air c be con/antly br\ght into ! dry+ room4 ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,/oves4 ,! con/ruction ( /oves = use 9 connection ) enamell+ & bak+ japans g5]ally does n prop]ly =m "p ( ?is treatise1 b a few rem>ks on ! subject may be ( s]vice4 ,x is to be regrett$ t 9 only too _m cases ! /oves employ$ are v inadequate4 ,9 "s cases !y are heat$ by gas1 & ! jets cause a c]ta9 am\nt ( discoloration4 ,?is is objectionable ev5 :5 ! "w is black1 b if x is col\r$ x may lead to s]i\s disadvantages4 ,9 ,fig4 #abf is %[n a sket* ( :at is kn[n z ! ,p]k9s ,sy/em ( ,heat+4 ,x is l>gely adopt$ 9 _m trades = enamell+ cycle frames & p>ts1 lamps & motor horns1 etc4 ,x is ?is sy/em :i* is us$ by ,messrs4 ,lucas1 ,limit$1 ( ,birm+ham1 a description ( ^: plant is giv5 else:]e4 ,9 ! ,p]k9s sy/em wat] is heat$ "u pressure1 & ! comp>atively high temp]atures requir$ = dry+ & o!r simil> purposes are obta9$ 9 a simple b effici5t mann]4 ,! app>atus consi/s ( circulations ( hydraulic tub+1 c]ta9 proportions ( :i* are =m$ into a coil & plac$ 9 a furnace situat$ 9 any conv5i5t position outside & bel[ ! dry+ *amb]4 ,! app>atus is h]metically seal$ & self-conta9$1 ! heat+ wat] circulat+ f ! furnace ?r\gh ! heat+ pipes or coils & back aga9 to ! furnace )\t any loss ?r\gh evaporation4 ,no pumps or mov+ p>ts ( any description are requir$1 s t unskill$ att5tion only is ne$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abf4--,,! ,,p]k9s ,,/ove4 ,! illu/ration %[s a simple application ( ! app>atus1 :i* is ! type (t5 employ$ = cycle & motor p>ts1 b$/ead frames1 electric app>atus p>ts1 etc4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! pipes1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds ^u ! class ( "w :i* has to be dealt )4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abg4--;,a ,,typical ,,goodye> ,,/ove4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abh4--;,,dipp+ ,,tr\gh4 ,9 ,fig4 #abg is %[n a type ( /ove manufactur$ by ,goodye> & ,sons1 ,*ur*field ,works1 ,dudley4 ,! con/ruction is a great improvem5t on ! old-fa%ion$ type ( enamell+ /oves1 :i* ?r\gh faulty design 7 responsible = great loss ?r\gh radiation & combu/ion4 ,! "w done 9 su* /oves is necess>ily inf]ior4 ,! firm nam$ are among ^? f :om may be pur*as$ up-to-date /oves heat$ by gas 7ord9>y light+ or produc]71 /eam1 sup]heat$ wat]1 & oil1 ei!r s+le1 d\ble1 or treble cas$ suitable = purposes :i* a few ye>s back 7 h>dly dreamt (1 & :i* may be said to range f hairp9s to b$/eads1 & include munitions ( w>1 su* z /oves = %ell dry+ & v>ni%+4 ,a v important "p ( ! process ( /ov+ is ! rack & trolley sy/em ( transport 9 & out ( ! /ove1 :i* 9 effect means t no article is too heavy = su* process4 ,9 ! production ( /oves = enamell+ c]ta9 firms h made a special /udy ( ! requirem5ts1 includ+ ^? above m5tion$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abi4--,,%[ ,,or ,,m5u ,,c>d 7,,/rong74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acj4--;,,example ,,( ,,metal ,,decoration--,,lid ,,( ,,coal ,,box ,,done ,,) ,,airo/yle4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,lime ,,& ,,:itewa% ,,spray]s4 ,z expla9$ 9 previ\s *apt]s1 ?is type ( ma*9e is ( an entirely diff]5t & mu* simpl] con/ruction ?an ^? us$ = spray+ oil pa9t1 v>ni%1 etc4 ,yet su* app>atus is us$ to a v consid]able ext5t 9 factories ( all k9ds z well z = spray+ insecticides on fruit trees & o!r purposes ( ! agriculturi/4 ,by ! ,factory & ,work%op ,act ( #aija x is provid$ t all walls & ceil+s mu/ be limewa%$ at lea/ e f\rte5 mon?s1 & pa9t$ & v>ni%$ "w mu/ be wa%$ ) hot wat] & soap at ! same p]iods4 ,special exceptions to ?is rule may be made by ,special ,ord]4 ,su* an ord] 0 made 9 #aiaa1 :i* 0 to ! effect t :5 at lea/ two coats ( wa%able wat] pa9t or sanit>y di/emp] is us$ in/ead ( lime:ite ! p]iod = r5ew+ ) "o coat ( su* pa9t %all be ?ree ye>s4 ,! pa9t1 h[ev]1 mu/ be wa%$ at lea/ once 9 e ?ree mon?s4 ,x is provid$ 9 ?is ,ord] t ,if x appe>s to an inspector t any "p ( a factory to :i* ! exception applies is n 9 a cleanly /ate1 he may1 by a writt5 notice1 require ! occupi] to limewa%1 wa% or pa9t ! same2 & 9 ! ev5t ( ! occupi] fail+ to comply ) su* requisition )9 two mon?s f ! date ( ! notice1 ! special exception %all cease to apply to su* "p ( ! factory4 ,9 ?is ,ord] a wa%able wat] pa9t means a wa%able pa9t :i*1 :5 f9i%$ = use conta9s3--7i7 at lea/ half its weight ( solid pigm5t conta9+ n less ?an tw5ty-five p>ts by weight ( z9c sulphide z z9c :ite 7li?opone7 9 ea* hundr$ p>ts by weight ( solid pigm5t & 7ii7 at lea/ t5 p>ts by weight ( oil & v>ni% to ea* hundr$ p>ts by weight ( solid pigm5t4 ,x %\ld be /at$ t ! type ( ma*9e n[ "u consid]ation may be us$ = ! application ( su* pa9t or di/emp] provid$ t x is r5d]$ suffici5tly ?9 by ! addition ( wat]4 ,if v ?ick compress$ air w be requir$ z 9 ! case ( ord9>y oil pa9t4 ,an excell5t ma*9e = apply+ limewa%1 :itewa% or di/emp] is made by ,messrs ,a4 ,c4 ,wells & ,co41 ,eng9e]s1 ,london & ,man*e/]4 ,x is us$ to a v l>ge ext5t by eng9e]s & 9 factories1 brew]ies1 c> %$s1 cattle docks1 etc4 ,build]s1 decorators1 corporations1 etc4 also f9d x ( great s]vice = special "w4 ,! manufactur]s /ate t ov] #e1jjj ( ^! ma*9es h be5 sold1 & t !y are fa/ tak+ ! place ( ! old me?od ( limewa%+ ) ! bru%4 ,! spe$ ) :i* lime1 :it+ or cold wat] pa9t c be appli$ is f #aj to #bj squ>e y>ds p] m9ute4 ,a v di/9ct advantage ( ! ma*9e ov] bru%es is t :5 an irregul> surface1 su* z a brick wall1 ! jo9ts ( :i* are n by any means p]fect1 is be+ dealt )1 ! lime or di/emp] is =c$ 9 by ! spray into ! int]/ices :i* c\ld n be rea*$ by ! bru%4 ,^! ma*9es consi/ ess5tially ( a pump ) spray+ nozzle :i* is made 9 v>i\s =ms1 ! simple/ ( :i* is t %[n 9 ,fig4 #aca4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aca4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acb4 ,?is ma*9e is design$ to /& r\gh usage4 ,! pump is simple & easily removable = repairs1 & ! spray+ nozzle1 :i* is naturally an important feature1 c be regulat$ to any degree ( f95ess4 ,a pat5t filt] is provid$ :i* prev5ts clogg+4 ,x w be obs]v$ by ! illu/ration t :eels are provid$ :i* enable ! ma*9e to be easily remov$ f "o place to ano!r4 ,a #ae ft4 arm\r$ deliv]y hose & #e ft4 spray+ pole = rea*+ ! upp] portion ( a surface to be spray$ is provid$4 ,! capacity is #h gallons4 ,! ma*9e %[n 9 ,fig4 #acb is some:at small] & *eap]4 ,x conta9s #f gallons4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acd4 ,fig4 #acc %[s a ma*9e ) a d\ble spray+ nozzle & valve arrangem5t4 ,?is has sev]al advantages ov] ! s+le patt]n2 ! spe$ is almo/ d\ble1 & "o jet c be put out ( action if desir$ :5 work+ 9 cramp$ places4 ,x is a p[]ful ma*9e ) #ab gallon tank & /rong lev] pump4 ,x is suppli$ ) l>ge :eels & is easily mov$ ab\t1 & is em95tly suitable = anyone hav+ a l>ge quantity ( "w to d quickly4 ,9 deal+ ) v high build+s ei!r ! s+le or d\ble nozzle is atta*$ to a bamboo pole1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #acd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ace4--,,! ,,br[n ,,spray] ,,) ,,ext5sion ,,rod4 ,9 ,fig4 #ace is %[n an excell5t ma*9e suitable = spray+ :itewa%1 di/emp]s & dis9fectants4 ,x is manufactur$ by ! ,e4 ,c4 ,br[n ,co41 ( ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y4 ,! pump is ( a simple b effective "*2 ! valves are locat$ s t !y c be op5$ in/antly & are fitt$ ) spr+s s t ! op]ator c pump :ile ! ma*9e is po9t$ 9 a d[nw>d direction4 ,! /ra9] has five in*es ( scre5 surface & ! scre5 c be in/antly remov$ & clean$4 ,! pump b>rel projects beyond ! h& & s]ves z an ext5sion rod4 ,! nozzle is gu>ante$ n to clog1 & is fitt$ ) ,messrs4 ,br[n's pat5t$ scre5 arrangem5t4 ,x ?r[s f\r diff]5t k9ds ( spray1 "o a solid /ream1 ! second a broad c>ry+ spray1 ! ?ird a long driv+ spray = ceil+s & tops ( walls1 & ! f\r? a f9e spray :i* may occasionally become ( s]vice = spray+ "w ne> at h&4 ,!re are sev]al o!r makes ( ma*9es suitable = :itewa% spray+1 among !m "o manufactur$ by ,m]rywea!r & ,co41 ,gre5wi* ,road1 ,s4,e41 ,! ,bean ,spray ,pump ,co41 ,los ,angeles1 ,cali=nia1 ,u4,s4,a41 & ! ,f\r ,oaks ,spray+ ,ma*9e ,co41 ,sutton ,coldfield1 ,birm+ham4 ,! la/ nam$ is p>ticul>ly well adapt$ = spray+ insecticides ^u fruit & o!r trees4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acf4--,,! ,,m]rywea!r ,,lime:ite ,,spray]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acg4--;,a ,,tumbl+ ,,b>rel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ach4--;,,ano!r ,,=m4 ,,! ,,tumbl+ ,,b>rel ,,process4 ,?is process ( japann+ small ca/+s is v successful 9 ^? cases :]e ! p>ts are small & intricate 9 con/ruction1 &1 !re=e1 _c ei!r be dipp$ or spray$1 except+ ) "s difficulty4 ,! great advantage ( tumbl+ is t su* "w is done bett] & fa/] ?an by dipp+4 ,a ma*9e1 ( :i* two examples are %[n 9 ,figs4 #acg & #ach1 is us$ 9 ?is process4 ,inside ?is ma*9e are plac$ a numb] ( %ot or /eel balls ( diff]5t sizes4 ,! articles to be treat$ are !n introduc$ 9 ! japan & ! ma*9e is />t$ at v>y+ degrees ( spe$4 ,! %ot c>ries ! japan ov] ! v>i\s p>ts & into ! int]/ices4 ,z diff]5t objects & mat]ials require diff]5t spe$s1 "s "w w be />t$ sl[ly & ! spe$ increas$ to get ! desir$ f9i%4 ,! objects are !n dump$ out on to wire scre5s or baskets1 & %ak51 :5 ! /eel balls & %ot fall ?r\gh ! me%1 leav+ ! articles t h be5 japann$ beh9d4 ,! baskets are !n hung 9 bak+ ov5s1 :ile ! balls are wa%$ 9 gasol9e ready = use4 ,! ma*9es m5tion$ above are manufactur$ by ! ,baird ,ma*9e ,co41 ,bridgeport1 ,connecticut1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,! ,engli% ag5ts are ,r4 ,cruick%ank1 ,ltd41 ,camd5 ,/reet1 ,birm+ham4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,a ,,portable ,,pa9t ,,spray] ,,= ,,railway ,,& ,,o!r ,,"w4 ,mr4 ,m4 ,e4 ,mc,donnell1 ,eng9e] ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company1 ,altoona1 ,pa41 ,u4,s4,a41 v k9dly furni%es ! au?or ) ! draw+s :i* w be f\nd on ! foll[+ pages4 ,he says3--,! ,company does v little pa9t+ by dipp+4 ,! spray process is1 h[ev]1 us$ v ext5sively1 a l>ge p]c5tage ( our freight c>s hav+ be5 pa9t$ by ?is me?od = ye>s4 ,! me?od is v satisfactory & also economical4 ,! sav+ 9 ! co/ ( lab\r 9 ! spray+ me?od is approximately #fj p] c5t4 ,9 "s cases ! sav+ is great] ?an ?is4 ,9 "o ( our l>ge/ %ops ! co/ ( application p] unit = a giv5 numb] ( squ>e feet is ?irty-eight & n9e-t5? c5ts ) ! spray z comp>$ ) "o doll> ) bru%4 ,x might be said t m pa9t is appli$ p] coat+ :5 ! bru% me?od is us$4 ,a giv5 surface :i* w\ld require #aj gallons ( pa9t = "o coat by ! bru% me?od w\ld require approximately #g gallons by ! spray me?od4 ,:5 pa9t+ a freight c> a m uni=m coat+ is obta9$ :5 ! bru% is us$1 due to ! fact t ! pa9t c be bru%$ out beh9d ladd]s & o!r ?+s :i* w\ld ob/ruct spray+1 :ile 9 ! application ( ! pa9t ) a spray] x is necess>y to apply a ?ick] coat+ at c]ta9 po9ts 9 ord] to rea* o!r po9ts :i* are ob/ruct$1 & :i* mu/1 !re=e1 be approa*$ f a side angle4 ,! spray h[ev]1 rea*es c]ta9 crevices :i* _c be rea*$ ) ! bru%1 :i* is 9 "s cases advantage\s ) ! pa9t+ ( freight equipm5t c>s4 ,our ,company w\ld n consid] return+ to ! bru% me?od ( pa9t+4 ,! ma*9es :i* we use = spray+ ! pa9t are made 9 ! ,company %ops4 ,! foll[+ is a description ( ! app>atus ref]r$ to3-- ,x consi/s ( a /\t /eel cyl9drical receptacle #aa;94 int]nal dia4 by #bd;94 9 dep?1 & hav+ a capacity ( ab\t #ab gallons4 ,x is support$ on a special :eelb>r[ ( wood ) trundl+ :eel ( ca/ iron4 ,! bottom ( ! receptacle is s l[ d[n t x re/s on ! gr\nd :5 9 use1 by l[]+ ! h&les ( ! b>r[4 ,! pa9t is plac$ 9 ?is cyl9d] & is =c$ out by air pressure1 introduc$ ?r\gh ! lid ( ! receptacle1 at f #hj to #ij lbs4 pressure p] squ>e in*4 ,?is air is provid$ f ! %op compressor range or by a sep>ate compressor4 ,! pa9t pipe p5etrates ! cov] & is ext5d$ ne>ly to ! bottom ( ! receptacle4 ,! air pressure on ! surface ( ! pa9t =ces x ?r\gh ?is pipe to ! atomiz]4 ,a bran* f ! air supply is also tak5 to ! atomiz] & a ?ird air bran* tak5 to ! bottom ( ! receptacle & c>ri$ ?r\gh a #a;94 iron pipe /opp$ at ! end ) a screw plug1 b p]=at$ ) a numb] ( #a_/h;94 holes4 ,?is latt] is = agitat+ ! pa9t & prev5ts settlem5t4 ,! atomiz] is %[n cle>ly 9 ! draw+4 ,x consi/s ( an air jet imp++ on a v5a contracta nozzle & surr\nd$ by ! pa9t =c$ ?r\gh f ! receptacle4 ,! air bla/ c>ries ! pa9t ?r\gh ! orifice imm$iately opposite to ! nozzle & !re r$uces x to a f9e spray4 ,a hose is atta*$ to ! exit ( ! atomiz] & ! atomiz$ pa9t is c>ri$ by ! bla/ to ! spray pipe1 :i* is slightly fan-%ap$ & flat4 ,! cov] is fa/5$ by f\r hook-clamps1 & is1 !re=e1 readily removable4 ,an air pressure gauge read+ to #abj lbs4 is also provid$1 & ! valves are s arrang$ t ! regulation ( bo? ! pa9t & ! air supply are easily adju/able4 ,x w be notic$ t1 9 ! atomiz]1 a v5a contracta is arrang$ s t x may be adju/$ 9 its position 9 relation to ! air orifice4 ,! use ( ?is is to provide = pa9t ( v>i\s consi/5cies4 ,v great c>e has be5 tak5 9 design+ ! details2 z1 = example1 ! provision ( a scrap] to cle> (f accumulations f ! p]iph]y ( ! trundl+ :eel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aci4--,,plan ,,( ,,pa9t ,,spray+ ,,app>atus ,,us$ ,,by ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad1 ,,pr9cipally ,,= ,,freight ,,c>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adj4--;,,elevation ,,( ,,app>atus ,,%[n ,,9 ,,fig4 #aci4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ada4--;,,details ,,( ,,app>atus ,,%[n ,,9 ,,figs4 #aci ,,& #adj4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,metal ,,spray+4 ,al?\gh ! spray+ ( metal does n really come )9 ! scope ( ?is book1 ! process is s closely alli$ to pa9t spray+ t x is consid]$ advisable to devote a *apt] to ! subject1 p>ticul>ly z ! p]fect$ process is ( v rec5t date1 & bids fair to be us$ successfully 9 _m indu/ries4 ,x %\ld be /at$ at once t a metallic coat+ may be appli$ to practically any surface1 & t almo/ any metal or alloy may be employ$4 ,/at$ briefly1 ! process consi/s 9 melt+ metal 9 ! =m ( a rod or wire1 by means ( oxyg5 & coal gas1 or o!r gas1 dep5d+ ^u ! metal us$4 ,! molt5 metal is spray$ at a high pressure1 & a surface may be quickly cov]$ ) ! metal ( any desir$ ?ickness4 ,a rem>kable fact conc]n+ ! process is t ! metal is cool$ to an ext5t t r5d]s x possible to hold ! h& 9 ! jet s z to receive a coat ( metal )\t inconv5i5ce1 & samples ( wood & fabrics may be coat$ ) metal )\t injury4 ,a mom5t ( consid]ation w r5d] x cle> t !re is an imm5se field = ?is process2 = example1 z alum9ium c be spray$1 a l9+ ( t metal might be giv5 to brew]s' & cook+ ut5sils1 etc41 :ile tanks1 b>rels1 res]voirs1 int5d$ to conta9 acids & oils1 c also be treat$4 ,9 ! production ( blocks = pr9t+1 9 decorative "w & mural decoration1 !re is an imm5se field1 :ile %ips' bottoms1 in/ead ( be+ pa9t$ ) composition1 c be copp]-plat$ or spray$ ) any o!r suitable metal1 9 ord] to prev5t incru/ation4 ,no d\bt "s v beautiful effects c be produc$ by means ( ! process4 ,x w be conv5i5t n[ to describe ! ma*9e us$ = ! application ( ! metals4 ,x consi/s ( a pi/ol r bulki]1 b n unlike 9 =m1 ! usual spray+ app>atus1 see ,fig4 #adb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adb4--,,! ,,metal ,,spray+ ,,ma*9e ,,or ,,pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adc4--,,! ,,metal ,,spray]4 ,9 ,fig4 #adc is %[n v cle>ly ! con/ruction ( ! spray]1 :i* x w be und]/ood comprises a comb9$ melt+ & spray+ jet & a fe$ me*anism4 ,! metal1 9 ! =m ( rod or wire1 is f$ to ! melt+ flame4 ,?is1 z already /at$1 is =m$ by coal gas burn$ 9 ! air1 or oxyg51 wat] gas1 acetyl5e1 hydrog51 etc41 may be employ$ in/ead ( ! coal gas4 ,! gases are suppli$ at su* a pressure z to prev5t bl[+ out & to ensure a highly deoxidiz+ flame4 ,! spray+ jet c be ( c>bon dioxide1 nitrog51 air1 /eam1 etc41 & x mu/ be f$ at su* a pressure z to produce a suffici5tly high velocity = successful coat+4 ,! usual gauges & r$uc+ valves w1 ( c\rse1 be employ$4 ,! fe$+ ( ! wire is accompli%$ by a small pneumatic motor1 driv5 by ! spray+ m$ium1 ei!r 9 s]ies or p>allel ) ! ma9 jet4 ,! dim5sions ( ! wire nozzle1 & fe$ me*anism v>y ) ! diff]5t metals4 ,to obta9 a good adhesion betwe5 ! metals be+ spray$ & ! surface to :i* x is to be appli$1 ! latt] mu/ be ?or\ghly clean & ( an op5 nature1 to give a key = ! deposit4 ,s&bla/+ is sometimes employ$ to effect ?is4 ,fig4 #ade %[s an enl>gem5t ( ! nozzle ) ! diff]5t p>ts m>k$4 ,! co/ ( ! process is n prohibitive2 ! co/ ( ! metal only on "o squ>e foot ( a ?ickness ( #jjja in* is q small ) ! *eap] metals4 ,! process is put on ! m>ket by ! ,briti% ,metal ,spray ,co41 ,ltd41 ,que5 ,anne's ,*amb]s1 ,to?ill ,/reet1 ,we/m9/]1 ,london1 ,s4,w4 ,9 a pap] read by ,mr4 ,r4 ,k4 ,morcom be=e ! ,in/itute ( ,metals1 ! foll[+ int]e/+ in=mation 0 giv53-- ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #add4--,,sectional ,,draw+ ,,( ,,! ,,metal ,,spray+ ,,ma*9e ,,or ,,pi/ol4 ,) a giv5 design ( jet !re is only a c]ta9 volume left by ! air-jet :i* c be fill$ ) flame1 & ?is flame has a limit+ temp]ature :i* _c be exce$$4 ,! wire1 pass+ ?r\gh ?is cone ( flame receives heat1 p>tly by radiation1 b *iefly by conduction1 & becomes melt$2 b !re is a def9ite limit to ! am\nt ( heat :i* c be pick$ up by ! wire pass+ ?r\gh ! flame1 & a def9ite limit to ! rate at :i* x c be melt$4 ,?is _c be increas$ by =c+ m gas into ! flame1 z ! extra gas is m]ely bl[n away by ! air-jet4 ,x is possible to increase ! rate ( melt+ by %ap+ ! nozzles s z to leave room = a l>g] cone ( flame1 & exp]im5ts are 9 progress on ?is po9t4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 a mo/ def9ite economical quantity ( gas :i* %\ld be us$ 9 ! pi/ol1 ?is quantity be+ ab\t #ae cubic foot ( hydrog5 p] m9ute1 & #je cubic foot ( oxyg52 or ab\t #jh cubic foot ( coal-gas to #jfe cubic foot ( oxyg5 = ! pres5t /&>d designs4 ,9 refractory metals ^! quantities may be increas$ slightly1 z a slightly high] temp]ature c be obta9$ if ! burn+ gases are "u a pressure great] ?an atmosph]ic1 & ?is occurs if ! gas quantities are increas$1 ! inn] surface ( ! air-jet act+ to "s ext5t z an enclos+ wall to ! flame4 ,on ! o!r h&1 = ! m easily fusible & oxidizable metals1 su* z t91 lead1 & z9c1 x is advisable to keep ! gas quantities r bel[ ! figure giv51 s z to avoid any possibility ( ov]heat+ & burn+ any portion ( ! wire4 ,! out] jet p]=ms a ?reefold purpose3 x keeps ! nozzles & wire cool1 x cools ! object1 & x produces ! requisite velocity4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ade4--;,,diagrammatic ,,repres5tation ,,( ,,melt+ ,,& ,,spray+ ,,jets ,,9 ,,action4 ,! velocity ( ! air leav+ ! jet w be indep5d5t ( ! volume dis*>g$1 & dep5ds only ^u ! pressure at ! jet1 s long z !re is no di/urbance due to ! entra9+ ( air f ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 w actually occur 9 practice1 & ! lay] ( air mu/ h a c]ta9 ?ickness 9 ord] to prev5t its be+ brok5 up1 & its velocity de/roy$ by mix+ ) ! surr\nd+ atmosph]e4 ,z at pres5t con/ruct$ ! /&>d pi/ol uses ab\t #jee to #jf cubic foot p] m9ute = e #a lb4 p] squ>e in* air pressure1 s t ) an air supply at #hj lb4 p] squ>e in*1 :i* is a v suitable figure = ord9>y spray+1 ! air consumption w be f #de to #ej cubic feet p] m9ute4 ,! bulk ( ?is w be f #hcj to #ibj grammes1 & ! mass ( metal spray$ by ?is air w be f ab\t #h grammes 9 ! case ( iron to ab\t #bjj grammes 9 ! case ( lead4 ,! action ( deposition is probably a complex "o4 ,! m9ute p>ticles ( solid metal are driv5 ) su* =ce aga9/ ! object t1 9 "s cases1 !y fuse1 b ow+ to _! small relative size1 are promptly *ill$ by ! object to :i* !y adh]e4 ,if any ( ! p>ticles are molt5 or gase\s !y w adh]e4 ,9 addition1 ! sudd5ly *ill$ p>ticles are possibly1 or ev5 probably1 9 ! /ate ( un/able equilibrium f\nd 9 ,pr9ce ,rup]t's ,drops1 & act l s _m m9ute bombs1 bur/+ on impact into almo/ molecul> dim5sions1 & p5etrat+ ! smalle/ cracks & fissures ( ! object4 ,! process requires "s c>e 9 manipulation1 z1 by v>y+ ! conditions1 x is possible to spray por\s or non-por\s coat+s1 &1 ) "s metals1 any?+ f a pure metal to a pure oxide4 ,) c>e1 h[ev]1 non-por\s1 oxide-free1 adh]5t coat+s c be produc$1 ( almo/ any metal on almo/ any solid4 ,9 addition to metals1 x is possible to spray fusible non-metals1 or1 by /r&$ wires1 alloys ( metals or mixture ( metals ) non-metals4 ,! process is s new t its uses are /ill p>tly to be develop$4 ,b x is easy to see t x may h f>-rea*+ value = protective coat+s aga9/ wea!r or fire1 = ornam5t1 = electrical resi/ance & conductors1 = ! production ( special alloys1 = jo9t mak+1 & = _m o!r purposes4 ,q 9 a diff]5t category comes t ( v f9e ca/+4 ,! surface ( a patt]n1 poli%$ or slightly greasy1 is mo/ m9utely copi$1 & x is possible to produce process blocks v rapidly4 ,x may be useful to l9e m\lds be=e p\r+ 9 a metal4 ,! application ( ! process to ! production ( v f9e or co>se metallic p[d]s is be+ inve/igat$4 ,! bulk ( ! "w has hi!rto be5 c>ri$ on 9 laboratories1 b ! app>atus is gradually becom+ us$ 9 ! m progressive factories1 :]e ext5d$ facilities1 & ! k ( specialis$ requirem5ts1 w ensure a rapid improvem5t 9 te*nique & results4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adf4--;,,an ,,example ,,( ,,spray$ ,,decorative ,,"w4 7,,a]ograph47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adg4--,,%ad$ ,,"w ,,by ,,! ,,a]ograph4 ,! rese>* on ! l[] melt+ po9t metals has be5 great] ?an on ! o!rs1 & und\bt$ly ! economy ) !m bo? c be greatly improv$4 ,preheat+ ( gases & air1 supplem5t>y flames act+ 9 front ( ! ma9 jet1 & electrical me?ods ( heat+1 are all /ill ! subject ( exp]im5t4 ,! foll[+ metals are among ^? :i* h be5 successfully spray$ by ?is process3--,alum9ium1 brass1 bronze1 copp]1 cupro-nickel1 iron1 gold1 nickel1 silv]1 t91 z9c1 lead4 ,x w be obvi\s t ?is me?od is a mo/ useful "o to employ :5 x is desir$ to prev5t iron f ru/+ on ma*9e p>ts :i* _c possibly be treat$ by *emical or o!r anti-ru/ processes1 & be r5d]$ immune f ru/+ by treatm5t :]e !y /&4 ,to give "s idea ( ! co/1 x may be said t if ! ?ickness ( #j4jja ( "o in* ( z9c is deposit$1 ! co/ ( metal = coat+ #aj squ>e feet w\ld only be a fraction ov] #d;d42 :ile = lead ! co/ w\ld be ab\t #b;d4 ,! am\nt ( gas us$ is n a l>ge item1 be+ at ! rate p] m9ute ( #j4ej cubic foot ( oxyg5 & #j4ee cubic foot ( coal gas :5 spray+ z9c1 & #j4aja cubic foot less 9 ea* case :]e lead is be+ us$ 9 ! pi/ol4 ,^! figures are giv5 on ! au?ority ( ! ,daily ,telegraph4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adh4--,,%[ ,,c>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adi4--;,a ,,spray$ ,,frieze 7,,a]ograph74 ,,index ,,page ,accessories #aba-acc ,advantages ( ,dipp+ #bb ,advantages ( ,dipp+ ,piano ,cases #df ,a]ograph #ha ,a]ograph ,air ,pump & ,tank ,comb9$ #aah ,a]ograph ,electric ,motor ,outfit #hc ,a]ograph ,spray+ ,cab9et #abg ,a]ograph ,turntable #acd ,a]on #he-hg ,agitat+ ,app>atus #i-ae ,agricultural ,implem5ts1 ,dipp+ #eh ,air ,dry+ ,enamels #ahj ,air-dry+ col\r$ ,japans #aeg ,air ,heat] #acg ,air ,pump & ,tank ,comb9$ #aah ,air ,pump = ,l>ge ,in/allation #aai ,air ,trans=m] ,set #ic ,airo/yle #ig ,airo/yle ,air ,compressor #aae ,airo/yle ,c5tral ,draught ,fan #abe ,airo/yle ,plant #aba ,airo/yle ,plants = #af ,op]ators on ,small ,"w #aee ,airo/yle ,plant ,%[+ ,v5tilator #aii ,alaba/9e #bi ,app>atus = ,dipp+ ,piano ,cases #db ,application ( ,/ov+ ,enamels #agi ,arti/ic ,application ( ,pa9t ,spray+ #bja ,arti/s' ,type ( ,inv9cible ,spray] #ajg ,asbe/9e #gc ,auto ,electric ,air ,heat] #acg1 #aci ,auto ,filt] #ic ,automatic ,control ( ,dry+ ,room #fh ,automatic ,electric ,controll] #aaa ,automatic ,f9i%+ ( ,pianos #db ,automobiles1 ,late/ ,me?od ( ,f9i%+ #baf ,baird ,ma*9e ,co4 #bdi ,bak+ ,enamel #fc ,bak+ ,heats1 ,safe = ,pigm5t ,col\rs #ahg ,bak+ or ,/ov+1 ,h9ts on #ahj ,b>ytes1 ,precipitat$ #gj ,baskets1 ,fancy #adg ,bean ,spray ,pump ,co4 #bdg ,be>+s1 ,pa9t ,pro( #ac ,b$/eads #cc ,b$/eads1 ,dipp+ #eh ,b$/eads1 ,:ite ,"w #ahd ,b]kel & ,p>nall's ,slic+ ,ma*9e ,co41 ,ltd4 #afg ,b9 = ,spray+ ,light ,articles #adh ,birm+ham ,small ,arms ,co4 #adg-afd ,black ,japan ,f9i%es #ahc ,bl9ds = ,pa9t ,dipp+ ,tank #aj ,block & ,tackle #ic ,bloom+ ( ,v>ni% #fh ,blues #bje ,bone ,black #gj ,bookb9d+ #adf ,br[n1 ,e4 ,c4 ,co4 #bdf ,br[n ,spray] ) ,ext5sion ,rod1 ,! #bdf ,br[ns #bjg ,bronz+ #aid ,bru% ,gra9+ #bjh ,bru%+ v]sus ,spray+ #aic ,burnt ,si5na #gj ,cab9ets #abg ,cadby1 ,g4 ,sons #afd ,cans1 ,pa9t+ by ,dipp+ #g ,c>riage ,dep>tm5t1 ,woolwi* ,ars5al #ed ,c>riages #adf ,c>ri]s = ,dipp+ ,piano ,cases #db ,casem5ts #g1 #cg ,casem5ts ,dipp+ #fj1 #fa1 #fe ,casem5ts1 ,/eel #fj ,celluloid ,buttons #c ,celluloid ,v>ni%1 ,recipe = #aej ,c5tral ,draught ,fan #abe ,*icago ,:ite ,lead & ,oil ,co4 #ahh ,*9a ,clay #gc ,*9a ,fruit ,di% ,decorat$ ) ! ,airo/yle #bag ,clean+ ,metal ,p>ts #da ,coa* ,body ,pa9t+ #ee ,coal ,box1 ,metal ,decoration done by ,airo/yle #bda ,coats ( ,pa9t1 numb] #ba ,collapsible ,gates #cc ,col\r ,glaz+ #bjb ,col\r on ,b$/eads #cc ,col\r ,specim5s1 ,spray+ #aec ,col\r ,v>ni%es1 ,transp>5t #ahd ,col\r$ ,enamels #ei ,compress$ ,air1 ,pa9t+ by #gh ,compress$ ,air1 ,supply ( #aac ,compressor = ,airo/yle ,plant #afe ,conc5tric ,=m ( ,spray #gi ,con/ruction ( ,airo/yle #ih ,co/ ( ,pa9t ,dipp+ ,plant #b ,cov] = ,tank #aa ,crabs #ah ,crane ,eureka #ajc ,crane ,record #ajd ,crittall ,manufactur+ ,co4 #fj ,cycle ,frames #aig ,cycle ,p>ts #adf ,davis ,gas ,/ove ,co41 ,ltd4 #afa1 #afe ,decorative ,"w1 an ,example ( ,spray$ #bfa ,de$ ,boxes #ch ,dem> ,v>ni% #ge ,designs = ,lamp ,%ades ,done by ,spray+ #bjc ,de ,vilbiss ,air ,compressor #aae ,de ,vilbiss ,auto ,cool ,fan #abe ,de ,vilbiss ,fumex] or ,spray+ ,cab9et #aca ,de ,vilbiss ,manufactur+ ,co4 #he ,diogrammatic ,repres5tation ( ,melt+ & ,spray+ ,jets 9 ,action #bei ,diff]5t ,trades 9 ,spray+1 ,requirem5ts ( #cc1 #ada ,dipp+ & ,spray+ ,comp>$ #aig ,dipp+ & ,spray+ ,pa9ts ,comp>$ #ahh ,dipp+ ,casem5ts #fa1 #fe ,dipp+ ,pa9ts #g1 #gj1 #gb ,dipp+ ,process1 ,advantages ( #bb ,dipp+1 ,quantity ( ,pa9t ,requir$ = #gg ,dipp+ ,sew+ ,ma*9e ,p>ts #cd ,dipp+ ,tanks #eg ,dipp+ ,tr\ghs #bch ,dripp+ ,plat=m #i ,driv+ ,ge> = ,tank #ad ,dry+ ,room1 ,model #fg ,durability ( ,dipp+ ,pa9ts #a ,du/1 ,exclud+ #fd ,electric ,controll] #aaa ,electric ,hoi/ = ,heavy ,goods #bg ,electric ,motor ,outfit #hc ,electrical ,"w #adg ,elevation ( ,spray+ ,plant #aii ,enamel1 ,/ov+ #fc ,enamell+1 ,slate #aeb ,enamels #agi ,enamels1 ,air ,dry+ #ahj ,enamels = ,/eel ,furniture #ahc ,enamels1 ,heat ,resi/+ & ,sl[ ,dry+ #ahj ,enamels1 ,/ov+ #agh ,eureka ,spray+ ,ma*9e #ajc ,evaporation ( ,turp5t9e #gg ,evolution ( ,spray+ ,app>atus #gh ,exhau/ #aac ,exhau/ ,in/allation #abb ,fan1 ,c5tral ,draught #ajd1 #abd ,fancy ,baskets #adg ,files #ch ,fill] = ,iron #bf ,fill]1 ,h>l&'s #bi ,f9i%+ ( ,pianos #db1 #dc ,f9i%+ ,room #ec ,fla% ,po9t ( ,turp5t9e #gf ,flet*]1 ,russell ,co41 ,ltd4 #afg ,floco ,process #bbc ,fl[+-on ,sy/em #be1 #baf ,=d ,motor ,co41 ,ltd4 #ed1 #ei1 #baf ,f\r ,oaks ,spray+ ,ma*9e ,co4 #bdg ,freight ,c>1 ,pa9t+ #bej ,frieze1 a ,spray$ #bfg ,furniture1 ,metal #ch ,fumex] #hf1 #abi1 #ace ,gas ,fires #aig ,gas ,met] ,co41 ,ltd4 #agb ,gas ,met]s1 ,masks = #adb ,gas ,met]s1 ,spray+ #adh1 #aga ,gas ,light & ,coke ,co4 #aga1 #aha1 #ahe1 #aia ,gas ,/oves & ,ranges #adi ,gasomet]1 ,pa9t+ #hc ,gates1 ,collapsible #cc ,ge> ,box1 ,pa9t ,pro( #ac ,gibbons1 ,james #eh ,gitt+s1 ,hills & ,boo?by1 ,ltd4 #afh ,glaz+ ,col\rs #bjb1 #bje ,gloss ,pa9t #ga ,goodye> ,/ove1 a ,typical #bcg ,gold5 ,o*re #gj ,gra9+ & ,scumbl+ #bjh ,gra9+ ,gr\nds #bab ,grays #bjg ,gre5s #bjg ,hang]1 ,iron #cd1 #ch ,hang+ ,app>atus #af ,h>d ,wood1 ,prim]s = #gd ,h>d ,wood1 ,:ite ,dip = #ge ,h>l&1 ,wm4 ,sons #bi ,h>rison1 ,mc,gregor ,co4 #eh ,h>t ,pat5t ,mask #adc ,hayw>d ,bros4 ,eck/e91 ,ltd4 #fj ,heat ( ,dry+ ,room #fi ,heat ,resi/+ & ,sl[ ,dry+ ,enamels #ahj ,heavy ,goods1 ,hoi/ = #bg ,h5ley's ,telegraph ,works1 ,ltd4 #adg ,hickory ,:eels #ed ,h9ts on ,/ov+ or ,bak+ #ahj ,hoi/ = ,heavy ,goods #bg ,hoi/s #ah ,hold51 ,ar?ur ,co1 ,ltd4 #afg ,holes 9 ,woodwork1 ,/opp+ #bi ,hook = ,susp5d+ #ag1 #fd ,hot ,air ,me?od #bce ,ill+wor? on ,:ite ,_s #gf ,imitat+ ,m>bles #baj ,imitation ,wood ,effects #ahc ,imm]s+ ,mangle ,frames #ce ,imm]sion1 ,pa9t+ by #g1 #aa ,implem5t ,manufactur]s #ad ,indian ,r$ #gj ,introduction #a ,inv9cible ,spray] #aje ,iron1 ,fill] = #bf ,iron ,hang] #ch ,iron ,rods #cd ,iron ,sa%es #g ,iron ,w9d[ ,frames #cg ,italian ,raw ,si5na #gj ,joi/ & ,:eels ,supply+ ,hang] #af ,k]os5e ,oil #ge ,kettle ,type ( ,spray #gh ,khaki ,pa9t #eg ,k+sbury ,manufactur+ ,co1 ,ltd4 #afh ,lacqu]s = ,spray+ #hj ,lacqu]s1 ,pa9ts1 etc1 = ,spray+ #agg ,lamp ,%ades1 ,designs done by ,spray+ #bjc ,lime & ,:itewa% ,spray]s #bda ,limewa%+ by ,ma*9e ) #h;ft4 ,bamboo ,pole #bde ,lime:ite ,spray]1 ,m]rywea!rs #bdg ,location ( ,"w ,cab9ets #abg ,lock]s #ch ,l[]+ ,piano ,cases into ! ,v>ni% ,tank #dg ,lucas1 ,john ,co4 #ahh ,lucas1 ,joseph1 ,ltd4 #afj1 #afi1 #agc1 #age1 #aha ,ma*9e = ,metal ,spray+ #bef ,mak+ ,/5cils #add ,m&] ,bro!rs #aed ,mangle ,frames ,imm]s+ #ce ,m>ble ,gr\nds #baj ,m>%all ,sons ,co1 ,ltd4 #ei ,mask ,h>t ,pat5t #adc ,masks & ,/5cils #ada ,masks = ,gas ,met]s #adb ,masury1 ,john ,w4 ,son #ahi ,mc,lennan ,sy/em #i ,melt+ & ,spray+ ,jets 9 ,action #bei ,m]rywea!r ,lime:ite ,spray] #bdg ,metal ,decoration #bda ,metal ,furniture #ch ,metal ,goods #ch ,metal ,motor ,p>ts #da ,metal1 ,prim]s = #gd ,metal ,%eets1 ,dipp+ #eh ,metal ,spray]1 ,details ( #beg ,metal ,spray+ #bee ,metal ,spray+ ,ma*9e #bef ,metal1 ,:ite ,dipp+ = #ge ,midl& ,spray] #ajh ,model ,dry+ ,room #fg ,moll] & ,s*umann ,co4 #ahj ,morris1 ,h]b]t1 ,limit$ #ba ,morris ,/&>d ,electric ,trolley ,hoi/ #bc ,motor ,bodies1 ,! ,floco ,sy/em ( ,pa9t+ #bbd ,motor ,c> ,%ops #bca ,motor ,outfit = ,spray+ #hc ,motor ,p>ts1 ,metal #da ,motor ,:eels #ed ,objections sometimes urg$ aga9/ ,spray+ #aid ,o*re #gj ,(fice ,p>titions #fj ,oil & ,wat] ,sep>ator #aaa ,oil 9 ,dipp+ ,pa9ts #gb ,ox=d ,o*re #gj ,ov5 ,bak+ ,me?ods #bcb ,ov]head ,rails #eg ,paas*e ,air ,bru% #aji ,paas*e ,automatic ,electric ,controll] #aaa ,paas*e ,motor ,driv5 ,fan #abd ,paas*e ,turn-,table #ace ,pa9t ,dipp+ #g ,pa9t ,dipp+ ,plant1 ,co/ ( #b ,pa9t ,dipp+1 ,simple ,=m ( #g ,pa9t ,dipp+ ,tank #aj ,pa9t = ,casem5ts #cg ,pa9t = ,metal ,"w #da ,pa9t = ,wagons #eg ,pa9t1 ,numb] ( ,coats #ba ,pa9t ,pro( ,be>+s #ac ,pa9t ,spray]1 ,portable #bej ,pa9t ,spray+ ,app>atus ,us$ by ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad #beb ,pa9t ,spray+1 ,arti/ic ,application ( #bja ,pa9t1 ,supply ( #aac1 #abb ,pa9t ,tank #h ,pa9t+ a ,freight ,c> #bej ,pa9t+ by ,compress$ ,air #gh ,pa9t+ by ,imm]sion #g1 #aa ,pa9t+ ,gasomet] #hc ,pa9t+ ,motor ,bodies ! ,floco ,sy/em ( #bbd ,pa9t+ ,motor ,:eels #ed ,pa9ts ,durability ( #a ,pa9t = ,dipp+ #gj ,pa9ts1 ,spread+ ,capacity ( #gg ,"p ,end ,elevation ( ,plant = #ab ,op]ators #aei ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company #bej ,p]k9s ,sy/em ( ,heat+ #bce ,phillips ,son #eh ,philorite #cj ,piano ,cases1 ,l[]+ into ! ,v>ni% ,tank #dg ,pianos1 ,f9i%+ ( #ci ,pickl+ ,metal ,p>ts #da ,picture ,frames #adi ,picture ,m\ld+s #adi ,piece ,"w #ade ,pigm5t ,col\rs1 ,safe ,bak+ ,heats = #ahg ,p9*9 ,johnson's ,dry+ ,room #fh ,plants1 ,"s ,typical #ed1 #aeh ,plat=m1 ,dipp+ #i ,portable ,pa9t ,spray] = ,rail+ & o!r ,"w #bej ,precipitat$ ,b>ytes #gj ,prep>+ ,wood ,be=e ,pa9t+ #be ,pressure 9 ,spray+ #hj ,prim]s & ,surfac]s #bce ,prim]s = ,metal #ga ,prim]s = ,s(t ,wood #gd ,protect+ ,p>ts n to be ,pa9t$ #bd ,prussian ,blue #gj ,purify+ ,air #aad ,quantity ( ,pa9t ,requir$ = ,dipp+ #gg ,raido process #bcb ,rails & ,hang+ ,app>atus #af ,rails = ,ov]head #eg ,railway ,"w1 ,portable ,pa9t ,spray] = #bej ,raw ,si5na #gj ,recipe = ,celluloid ,v>ni% #aej ,record ,pi/ol #ig1 #ii ,r$s #bje ,r$uc+ ,v>ni% #hg ,requirem5ts ( ,special ,trades #cc1 #ada1 #ade ,rims & ,:eels #da ,rods1 ,iron #cd ,rubb+ ,d[n #cj ,safe ,bak+ ,heats ( ,pigm5t ,col\rs #ahg ,scrubb+ ,air #aad ,scumbl+ & ,col\r ,glaz+ #bjb ,scumbl+ & ,gra9+ #bjh ,second ,coat ,dipp+ ,pa9ts #gd ,sectional ,draw+ ( ,metal ,spray+ ,ma*9e #beh ,sew+ ,ma*9e ,p>ts1 ,dipp+ #cd ,%ad$ ,effects produc$ by ,spray+ #bac ,%ad$ ,"w by ! ,a]ograph #bfc ,%aft+ = ,tank #ad ,%eets ,metal ,dipp+ #ch1 #eh ,%ellac ,spray+ #hg ,%ips' ,hulls ,spray+ #aea ,spray+ ,plant1 ,elevation ( #aii ,spray+1 ,quantity ( ,pa9t ,requir$ #gg ,spray+ ,requirem5t ( ,diff]5t ,trades #aba ,spray+ ,%ips' ,hulls #aea ,spray+ v]sus ,bru%+ #aic ,/aircases #g ,/&>d ,hydraulic ,imm]sion ,sy/em #db ,/&>d ,v>ni% ,co #db ,/eel ,casem5ts #fj ,/eel ,furniture ,enamels #ahc ,/eel ,implem5ts #aig ,/eel ,(fice ,p>titions #fj ,/eel ,plate ,fan #abe ,/eel ,%eets #a1 #ab ,/eel ,:eels #da ,/eel ,wool = ,rubb+ ,d[n #cj ,/5cils & ,masks #ada ,/5cils1 ,mak+ #add ,/irr]s & ,bl9ds = ,pa9t ,dipp+ ,tank #aj ,/opp+ ,holes 9 ,woodwork #bi ,/ove1 a ,typical ,goodye> #bcg ,/ov+ ,blacks #agi ,%[ ,c>d ,done by ,spray+ #fi1 #bji1 #bbe1 #bci ,%op ,fronts #fj ,side ,elevation ( ,plant = #ab ,op]ators #aeh ,skylights #fj ,slate ,enamell+ #aeb ,slid+ ,doors #fj ,s(t ,wood1 ,:ite ,dip = #ge ,s(t ,woods1 ,prim]s = #gd ,spray1 ,conc5tric ,=m ( #gi ,spray$ ,decorative ,"w1 ,an ,example #bfa ,spray+ & ,dipp+ ,comp>$ #aig ,spray+ & ,dipp+ ,pa9ts ,comp>$ #ahh ,spray+ ,app>atus = ,pa9t+ ,freight ,c>s #beb ,spray+ ,app>atus1 ,types ( #ha ,spray+ ,cab9ets #abg ,spread+ ,capacity ( ,pa9ts #gg ,spray+ ,col\r ,specim5s #aec ,spray+ ,metal #bee ,spray+1 ,objections ,sometimes ,urg$ ,aga9/ #aid ,spray+ ,plant1 ,co/ ( #b ,/ov+ ,enamel #fc1 #agh ,/ov+ or ,bak+1 ,h9ts on #ahj ,/ov+ ,temp]atures #ahg ,/oves1 ,notes on ! ,con/ruction ( #bce ,sub ,frame = ,tank #ad ,supply ( ,compress$ ,air #aac ,supply ( ,pa9t #abb ,susp5d+ ,hook #fd ,table ,cov] ,decorat$ ) ! ,airo/yle #bai ,tank & ,air ,pump ,comb9$ #aah ,tanks = ,dipp+ #eg ,tank = ,dipp+ ,metal ,w9d[s #fc ,tank = ,pa9t+ ,/eel ,%eets #ab ,tank ,pa9t #h ,tank1 ,special ,=m ( #i ,tank ,us$ 9 ,fl[+ on ,pa9t #bbb ,tap]$ ,cans #g ,temp]atures = ,/ov+ #ahg ,te/ = ,:ite ,_s #gf ,?ree ,tank ,plant #ae ,?ornley & ,knight1 ,ltd4 #aeg ,"t ,sav+ #a ,toys #a ,trade1 ,requirem5ts ( ,diff]5t #cc ,tramc>s #aed ,transp>5t ,col\r ,v>ni%es #ahd ,trolley ,hoi/ #ai ,tr\ghs #da ,tumbl+ ,b>rel ,process #bdh1 #bdi ,turkey ,umb] #gj ,turn-,tables #abi1 #acj1 #acd ,turp5t9e1 ,fla% ,po9t ( #gf ,type ,g ,a]on #fh ,types ( ,spray+ ,app>atus #ha ,typical ,hoi/ #ai ,typical ,plants1 ,"s #ed1 #aeh ,ultra ,airo/yle #aja ,umb] #gj ,v>ni%1 ,quantity ,requir$ = ,piano ,cases #df ,v>ni%es = ,spray+ #hj1 #agg ,v>ni%es1 ,transp>5t ,col\r #ahd ,v5etian ,r$ #gj ,v5tilation ( ,pa9t ,%op #fg ,v5tilator = ,plant #abc ,volume ( ,air 9 ,spray+ #hj ,wagons1 ,pa9t+ #ed ,wagons1 ,/ore ,room #fa ,wells1 ,a4 ,c4 ,co4 #bdd ,:eels1 ,rims ( #da ,:ite ,dipp+ = ,meta #ge ,:ite ,pa9t = ,dipp+ #ga ,:ite ,pa/e ,prim] #ge ,:ite ,pa9ts & ,pa9t+ ,mat]ials #gb ,:ite ,_s #gf ,:ite ,"w ,b$/eads1 etc4 #cc1 #ahd ,:itewa% ,spray]s #bda ,:itewa%+ ,ma*9es #gh ,:it+ #gc ,wilk9son1 ,heywood & ,cl>k #aa ,willys-,ov]l& ,automobile ,factory #bbh ,w9* #ah ,w9d[ ,frames1 ,iron #cg ,wood ,effects1 ,imitation #ahc ,woodwork ,prep>+ be=e ,pa9t+ #be ,woodwork1 ,/opp+ ,holes 9 #bi ,woolwi* ,ars5al1 ,c>riage ,dep>tm5t #ed ,woolwi* ,ars5al ,/ore ,room #fa ,"w ,cab9ets #abg ,yell[s #bjf ,z9c ,oxide #gc ,z9c ,/5cils #ade ,,adv]tisem5ts4 ,,/&>d ,,v>ni% ,,works4 ,illu/ration ,consult+ ,speciali/s respect+1 & ,manufactur]s ( e class ( ,v>ni% = all ,indu/rial purposes ,,insulat+ ,,v>ni%es1 ,,c>riage1 ,,automobile1 ,,m>9e ,,decorators' ,,v>ni%es1 etc4 ,pat5tees ( ! new ,,/&>d ,,hydraulic ,,imm]sion ,,sy/em describ$ on pages #db-ec ( ?is publication4 ,correspond5ce invit$ f responsible h\ses3 ,,new ,,york ,,elm ,,p>k1 ,,/at5 ,,isl&4 ,,*icago #b1fjj ,,f$]al ,,/reet4 ,,toronto ,,int]national ,,v>ni% ,co41 ,ltd4 ,,brussels #bf1 ,,rue ,,gau*]et4 ,,p>is #cd1 ,,rue ,,de ,,*abrol4 ,,melb\rne #dgi1 ,,coll9s ,,/reet4 ,,london #bg1 ,,bevis ,,m>ks1 ,e4,c4 ,,! ,,airo/yle ,,! ,,"o ,,complete ,,effici5t ,,sy/em ,,( ,,compress$ ,,air ,,pa9t+1 ,,japann+1 ,,v>ni%+1 ,etc4 ,manufactur$ ?r\gh\t by ,! ,,airo/yle ,,li?os1 ,ltd41 #ce1 ,/4 ,bride ,/reet1 ,ludgate ,circus1 ,,tele ,,phone3 #abjbe ,,c5tral4 ,,grams3 ,,/a9less1 ,,london4 ,london1 ,e4,c4 ,,! ,,airo/yle ,,compress$ ,,air ,,pa9t+ ,,plants ,,are ,,9 ,,daily ,,use at ! ,lead+ ,works = ,motor ,c>s1 ,side ,c>s1 etc4 ,gas ,met]s ,gas ,fires1 ,radiators1 etc4 ,kit*5 ,ranges1 ,grates1 etc4 ,cycles & ,motor ,cycles ,cycle & ,motor ,accessories ,c>riage ,lamps ,lea!r ,manufactures ,buttons ,toys ,baby ,c>riages ,sew+ ,ma*9es ,*9a & ,glass ,electrical ,app>atus ,sci5tific ,in/rum5ts ,con/ructional ,"w ,horticultural ,build+s1 etc4 ,t9plate ,"w ,munitions ,g5]al ,japann$ ,goods ,porcela9 ,enamell$ ,goods ,adv]tis+ ,signs ,textile ,productions ,rubb] ,goods ,typewrit]s ,tiles etc41 etc41 etc41 etc4 ,manufactur$ ?r\gh\t by ,! ,,airo/yle ,,li?os1 ,ltd41 #ce1 ,/4 ,bride ,/reet1 ,ludgate ,circus1 ,,tele ,,phone3 #abjbe ,,c5tral4 ,london1 ,e4,c4 ,,grams3 ,,/a9less1 ,,london4 ,,pecora ,,fir/ ,,coat]s1 ,,f9i%+ ,,coats ,,?9n]s ,,= ,,use ,,by ,,! ,,imm]sion 7,,dipp+7 ,,process ,,or ,,application ,,by ,,compress$ ,,air 7,,spray7 ,,are ,,! ,,result ,,( #a/4--,!oretical ,comb9ations ( pigm5ts & vehicles4 #bnd4--,c>eful practical te/ ( ^! comb9ations & *anges to meet giv5 requirem5ts4 #crd4--,close /udy ( ! f9i%$ article to det]m9e durability4 #d?4--,tw5ty-five ye>s exp]i5ce 9 ! production ( special f9i%es1 :i* mu/ meet unusually sev]e conditions4 ,our ,exp]im5tal ,laboratory is equipp$ ) a complete dipp+1 spray+ & bak+ plant1 & is at ! s]vice ( any int]e/$ p]son4 ,we w\ld be glad to f9i% samples ( y\r product along any desir$ l9es1 or to foll[ out our own ideas z to ! mo/ desirable me?od4 ,,pecora ,,pa9t ,,company4 #d? ,erie ,ave4 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,e/4 #ahfb by ,smi? ,b[54 ,incorporat$ #aiaa4 ,,are ,,y ,,us+ ,,a]ograph ,,sprays ,illu/ration ,,= ,pla9 ,pa9t+1 ,decorat+1 ,japann+1 ,enamell+1 ,v>ni%+ & ,lacqu]+4 ,also = ,di/emp]s ( all k9ds4 ,five times ,fa/] ?an any o!r ,me?od4 ,/ation>y & ,portable ,pa9t+ ,outfits ,,p]fect ,,control4 ,,sup]ior ,,results4 ,,! ,,a]ograph ,,co41 ,,ltd4 #dc1 ,,holborn ,,viaduct1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,,briti% ,,& ,,=eign ,,gov]nm5t ,,contractors4 ,illu/ration ,,crane',s ,,spray]s ,illu/ration ,= ,,enamels1 ,,pa9ts1 ,,lacqu]s1 ,,v>ni%es1 ,,etc41 ,,are --,,! ,,greate/ ,,economis]s ,,( ,,"t-- ,,mat]ial ,,lab\r ,,extant--,! ,h&ie/ & mo/ ,effici5t yet ,devis$ & fur!r ,illu/ration ,!y ,,ensure ! ,be/ ,results4 ,write = details3 ,,fr$k4 ,,crane ,,*emical ,co41 ,bordesley ,gre51 ,b',,ham4 ,illu/ration ,w4 ,,goodye> ,sons1 ,illu/ration ,manufactur]s1 ,,dudley4 ,illu/ration ,,speciali/s ,,93 ,enamell+ ,/oves = ,illu/ration ,all ,purposes ,illu/ration ,,write ,,= ,,catalogue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e/abli%$ #agfj ,if y w come to ,hom]ton to see a practical demon/ration ( ! f9i%+ ( y\r own products by ! economical ,spray+ process1 our facilities are at y\r s]vice )\t *>ge or obligation4 ,^? facilities are3 a fully equipp$ spray+ plant--probably ! fir/ spray+ exp]t 9 ! ,k+dom--& a range ( spray pa9ts cov]+ ! entire process f ,fill] to ,v>ni% coat1 p]fect$ by exp]i5ce4 ,we specialise too 9 pa9ts = ,dipp+ & %all be glad to demon/rate to y ! economy ( ei!r or bo?4 ,b]g]'s ,spray ,pa9ts ,dipp+ ,pa9ts4 ,lewis ,b]g] ,sons1 ,ltd4 ,mak]s ( ,pa9ts1 ,col\rs ,v>ni%es1 ,,hom]ton1 ,,london1 ,n4,e4 ,bran*es--,p>is1 ,cop5hag51 ,sydney1 ,well+ton1 ,bombay1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration ,,pneumatic ,,spray+ ,,( ,,pa9ts1 ,,enamels1 ,,lacqu]s1 ,,v>ni%es1 ,,rubb] ,,solution1 c4 ,if y use any ( ! above 9 quantities y _c af=d to be )\t a ,,pneumatic ,,spray+ ,,plant4 ,illu/ration ,,bett] ,,f9i%1 ,,small] ,,bills = mat]ial1 mu* *eap] production4 ,! ,midl& ,pneumatic ,spray+ ,plant is ! product ( practical ,eng9e]s & is ,,all ,,briti%4 ,,let ,,u ,,demon/rate ,,its ,,possibilities ,,& ,,advise ,,y4 ,wire--,bla/1 ,birm+ham2 ',phone--,c5tral #edfc2 or write-- ,! ,,midl& ,,fan ,co41 ,ltd41 #df1 ,a/on ,road1 ,,birm+ham4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gitt+s1 ,,hills ,,boo?by1 ,l,d4 ,,birm+ham4 ,,speciali/s ,,= ,,spray+1 ,,dipp+ ,,/ov+ ,,v>ni%es ,,pa9ts4 ,g4 ,h4 ,b41 ,ltd41 w be pleas$ to %[ _! ,spray+ ,in/allation to any firm desir\s ( see+ & te/+ same--cu/om]s' own mat]ial spray$4 ,,dipp+ ,,tanks loan$ to cu/om]s to enable adequate te/s to be made4 ,,d ,,y ,,want ,,to ,,save ,,money 8 ,!n take up ! mo/ economical me?ods ( pa9t+1 viz41 ,,dipp+ ,,& ,,spray+4 ,gitt+s1 ,hills ,boo?by1 ,ltd41 ,v>ni% & ,pa9t ,manufactur]s1 ,,long ,,acre1 ,,birm+ham4 ,& at #hb1 ,,turnmill ,,/reet1 ,,london4 ,e4 ,c4 ,"o ,man ) ! ,a]on is wor? #b to #aj )\t ,!re is n only ?is #ej to #ij sav+ 9 "t & lab\r1 because ( ! spe$ t is possible ) ! ,,a]on ,,sy/em ( spray+1 b !re is also produc$ a bett] quality ( f9i% ?an is obta9able ) any o!r me?od4 ,! surface is absolutely uni=m1 smoo? & ev5 ( ?ickness4 ,x is free f all sags1 runs1 ?9 spots or fatty edges4 ,illu/ration ,! ,,a]on ,,sy/em is simple & easy to op]ate4 ,ord9>ily inaccessible places1 & c>v$ & irregul> surfaces1 are quickly & uni=mly f9i%$4 ,! ,,a]on ,,sy/em in/all$ 9 y\r f9i%+ room w produce ! utmo/ 9 results at ! l[e/ possible co/4 ,address3 ,! ,de,vilbiss ,manufactur+ ,co4 #ga ,newman ,/41 ,ox=d ,/41 ,london1 ,w41 ,eng43 ,tol$o1 ,ohio1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,f9i% ,y\r ,products1 ,l>ge or ,small1 ,wood or ,metal1 ) ! ,illu/ration3 ,gu>ante$ ,a]on ,sy/em ,pa9ts ,) ,air ,! ,,a]on ,,sy/em ( apply+ v>ni%es1 enamels1 %ellacs1 lacqu]s1 japans1 bronzes1 & practically e k9d ( f9i%+ mat]ial1 on wood & metal products ) compress$ air1 is ! result ( ext5sive pa9t+ & me*anical exp]i5ce1 & a compreh5sive /udy ( f9i%+ problems4 ,! ,,a]on ,,sy/em is complete 9 e detail4 ,e angle & problem ( ! application ( f9i%+ mat]ials is successfully met ) a ?or\ghness & positiv5ess--) a c]ta9ty ( great] quality1 spe$1 economy & effici5cy--by ?is ,,sy/em4 ,!re is a wide v>iety ( be/ type ,a]ons & ,accessory ,equipm5t1 meet+ all requirem5ts & enabl+ ! op]ator to obta9 /rik+ results4 ,let u s5d y full & int]e/+ p>ticul>s1 --& a booklet ( equipm5t facts4-- ,address3 ,! ,de,vilbiss ,manufactur+ ,co4 #ga ,newman ,/41 ,ox=d ,/41 ,london1 ,w41 ,eng43 ,tol$o1 ,ohio1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,telegrams--,v>ni%1 ,birm+ham4 ,,ar?ur ,,hold5 ,,sons1 ,ld4 7,e/abli%$ ne>ly a ,c5tury7 ,brad=d ,/reet1 ,,birm+ham4 ,speciali/s 9 ,spray+ ,f9i%es = e ,trade4 ,spray+ ,pa9ts1 ,enamels1 ,japans1 ,v>ni%es1 ,v>ni% ,pa9ts1 etc41 ,,= ,,/ov+ ,,or ,,self-,,dry+ ,,9 ,,all ,,col\rs ,,& ,,qualities4 ,,trades ,,already ,,suppli$3-- ,photographic1 ,optical1 ,electrical ,surgical ,app>atus ,manufactur]s4 ,bicycles1 ,motor ,bodies1 ,motor & ,cycle accessories4 ,/eel ,toys1 ,wood ,toys1 ,lamps1 ,iron ,fitt+s4 ,mail ,c>ts1 ,radiators1 ,trunks1 ,weigh+ ,ma*9es1 ,scales1 etc41 etc4 ,! ,de,vilbiss ,a]on ,illu/ration ,! mo/ ,effici5t & ,flexible 33 ,spray+ ,ma*9e4 33 ,sold by ,,llewellyn ,,ryl&1 ,,ltd41 ,,birm+ham4 ,manufactur]s ( ,,lacqu]s1 ,,pa9ts1 ,,japans ,,& ,,v>ni%es1 ,suitable = ,spray+4 ,wells' ,lightn+ ,lime ,col\r ,wa%]4 ,a ,great ,,sav+ ( ,,"t1 ,,lab\r ,,& ,,money4 ,,no ,,outside ,,p[] ,,requir$4 ,,ov] #e1jjj ,,sold4 ,,saves its ,co/ 9 a ,few ,days ,,lime1 ,,:it+1 or ,,cold ,,wat] ,,pa9ts appli$ at a spe$ ( f #aj to #bj squ>e y>ds p] m9ute1 9 a mann] sup]ior to bru%work4 ,"o coat ) ! ma*9e on r\gh surfaces is equal to two appli$ ) bru%es4 ,,enl>g$ ,,patt]ns4 ,,r$uc$ ,,prices4 ,no4 #f;a--,small ,size1 f$ f pail1 #e gallons #e #e #j #d--h gallons #h #e #j #d;a ,on ,:eels1 same capacity #i #j #j #e;a--,on ,:eels1 #ab gallons #aa #e #j ,a4 ,c4 ,,wells ,,co41 ,,midl& ,,road1 ,,/4 ,,pancras1 ,,london4 ,works--,c>n>von ,/reet1 ,,man*e/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,nos4 #d;a & #e;a ,patt]ns4 ,,! ,,p]k9s ,,clos$ ,,sy/em ,,( ,,heat+ ,,by ,,hot ,,wat] ,,= ,,enamell+1 ,,japann+1 ,,dry+1 etc4 ,s*emes ,e/imates ,submitt$ ,free ( ,*>ge4 ,,p]k9s1 ,,eng9e]s1 ,,ltd41 ,,k+sway ,,h\se1 ,,k+sway1 ,w4,c4 ,telephone ,no4 ,telegraphic ,address-- #dhb ,g]r>d4 ,arktos ,we/c5t1 ,london4 ,,pa9t ,,col\r ,,mix+4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,seym\r ,,j5n+s4 #e? ,,edition1 ,,revis$ ,,enl>g$4 ,a ,practical ,h&book = ,pa9t]s1 ,decorators1 ,arti/s1 & all :o h to mix col\rs4 ,conta9+ #cjj samples ( actual oil & wat] pa9ts & wat] col\rs ( v>i\s col\rs1 includ+ ! pr9cipal gra9+ gr\nds & upw>ds ( #fjj diff]5t col\r mixtures1 ) in/ructions on col\r & pa9t mix+ g5]ally1 te/+ col\rs1 c41 c4 ,) f\rte5 col\r$ plates4 ,cont5ts4--,pa9ts & ,col\r ,mix+1 ,col\rs or ,/a9]s1 ,h[ to le>n to mix & mat* col\rs1 ,r$s & h[ to mix !m1 ,blues & h[ to mix !m1 ,yell[s & h[ to mix !m1 ,gre5s & h[ to mix !m1 ,br[ns & h[ to mix !m1 ,greys & ,greys1 ,:ite & ,blacks1 ,black ,japan 9 col\r mix+1 ,glaz+1 ,gra9+ gr\nds & ,gra9+ col\rs1 ,mix+ pa9ts & col\rs on ! manufactur+ scale1 ,wat] pa9ts1 ,di/emp]s1 ,arti/s' wat] col\rs & h[ to mix !m1 te/+ col\rs1 notes on h>mony1 ,! proportions ( mat]ials1 ,notes1 c4 ,,po/ ,,free #e_/d4 ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 ,ltd41 #eg1 ,haym>ket1 ,s4,w4 ,,! ,,pa9t]s' ,,pocket ,,book4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,seym\r ,,j5n+s4 ,_m ?\s&s ( copies ( ?is exce$+ly useful book h be5 sold4 #cs4 #c;d4 ,po/ ,free4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,simple me?ods = ,pa9t]s' mat]ials4 ,behavi\r ( diff]5t pigm5ts4 ,h[ to measure ,pa9t]s' "w4 ,pa9t]s' ,prices = all k9ds ( ,pa9t "w1 ,sign ,writ+1 ,v>ni%+1 ,gild+1 ,enamell+1 ,m>bl+1 ,gra9+1 ,pap]hang+1 etc41 etc4 ,_m ,m9iature ,/5cils :i* c be submitt$ to cli5ts = _! selection & aft]w>ds be increas$ 9 size4 ,ribbons = ,*ur* ,decoration4 ,defects 9 ,pa9t+ & h[ to rem$y !m4 ,col\rs & h[ to mix !m4 ,h9ts on ,practical ,geometry & sett+ out ( "w4 ,symbols & ,emblems 9 ,*ur* ,decoration1 on ,flags1 9 ,h]aldry1 etc4 ,poison+ & rem$ies4 ,concise ,diction>y ( t]ms us$ 9 ,pa9t+1 ,build+1 ,ar*itecture1 ,art1 ,appli$ ,*emi/ry1 etc41 etc41 ) _m illu/rations4 ,h9ts on ,pap]hang+4 ,tables = ,wallpap]s1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,am]ican4 ,table = ceil+ pap]s4 ,table ( sup]ficial y>ds4 ,table ( mat]ials requir$ accord+ to ! surface to be pa9t$4 ,roman ,num]als4 ,table = calculat+ ! price ( ,l9se$ ,oil & ,turp5t9e4 ,wages ,table4 ,! ,ord]s1 ,greek & ,roman4 ,table ( ,prices4 ,table ( disc\nts & p]c5tages4 ,col\rs & ,pigm5ts1 p]man5t & o!rwise4 ,l9se$ ,oil--p]c5tage requir$ = gr9d+ dry ,pigm5ts4 ,h[ oils are sold4 ,h[ f> pa9ts w spread4 ,m5suration4 ,engli% & ,am]ican gallons4 ,specific gravity4 ,table ( ,!rmometrical degrees4 ,sup]ficial cont5ts ( squ>es ( glass4 ,ready reckon]4 ,notes ( ,insurance4 ,table ( ,pigm5ts1 etc41 etc4 ,,! ,,trade ,,pap]s ,,publi%+ ,,co41 ,,ltd41 #cfe1 ,birkbeck ,bank ,*amb]s1 ,,high ,,holborn1 ,w4,c4 ,,practical ,,books ,,= ,,pa9t]s4 ,po/ ,free4 ,,pa9t ,,& ,,col\r ,,mix+4 ,a ,practical ,h&book = ,pa9t]s1 ,decorators1 ,arti/s1 & all :o h to mix col\rs4 ,conta9+ #cjj samples ( actual oil & wat] col\rs4 ,by ,ar?ur ,seym\r ,j5n+s #e_/d ,,h\se ,,pa9t+ ,,& ,,decoration4 ,a popul> guide1 by ,ar?ur ,seym\r ,j5n+s #b_/c ,,practical ,,*ur* ,,decoration4 ,a guide to ! ,design & ,execution ( ,decoration ( ,*ur*es1 ,*apels & ,ecclesia/ical ,/ructures4 ,by ,ar?ur ,l\is ,du?ie #c_/c ,,scumbl+ ,,& ,,col\r ,,glaz+1 illu/rat$ ) #dh examples ( glaz$ "w4 ,by ,&rew ,mill> #c_/c ,,z9c ,,oxide ,,& ,,its ,,uses4 ,by ,j4 ,cruick%ank ,smi? #b_/c ,,practical ,,gild+1 ,,bronz+1 ,,lacqu]+ ,,& ,,glass ,,emboss+4 ,illu/rat$ by actual examples ( ,gild$ & ,lacqu]$ ,relief & o!r ,decorations4 ,by ,f4 ,scott-,mit*ell #c_/c ,,! ,,pa9t]s' ,,& ,,build]s' ,,pocket ,,book4 ,by ,ar?ur ,seym\r ,j5n+s4 ,consi/s ( #beb pages1 conta9+ a l>ge am\nt ( in=mation ( ! greate/ use to ,pa9t]s & ,build]s #c_/c ,,decorators' ,,symbols1 ,,emblems ,,& ,,devices4 ,by ,g4 ,c4 ,ro!ry #c_/c ,,gra9+ ,,& ,,m>bl+1 ,,! ,,practical ,,arts ,,(4 ,by ,james ,petrie4 ,ea* plate measures #ag-a_/b #aa-a_/b & gives ! diff]5t /ages ( ! "w4 ,publi%$ 9 #ad p>ts at #b_/f ea*1 or b\nd volume #be_/- ,(fice ( ,,! ,,decorator1 #cfe1 ,birkbeck ,bank ,*amb]s1 ,high ,holborn1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 ,,practical ,,books ,,= ,,pa9t]s4 ,po/ ,free4 ,,/5cils ,,& ,,/5cill+4 ,= all purposes1 ,arti/ic & ,decorative4 #aed pages ( designs4 ,by ,ar?ur ,l\is ,du?ie #c_/c ,,pa9t ,,& ,,pa9t+ ,,defects1 _! ,detection1 ,cause & ,cure4 ,by ,j4 ,cruick%ank ,smi? #c_/c ,,pa9t]s' ,,bus9ess ,,book4 ,a manual ( up-to-date me?ods ( obta9+ bus9ess1 submitt+ ,e/imates1 ,book-keep+1 ,buy+ & ,te/+ mat]ials1 etc41 ) _m tables4 ,by ,c4 ,e4 ,oliv] #c_/c ,,cl>k',s ,,book ,,( ,,alphabets1 two p>ts4 ,= ,signwrit]s1 ,design]s1 ,decorators1 & ,draughtsm51 ea* #a_/b ,,hewett',s ,,di/9ctive ,,lett]+ ,,& ,,designs #a_/b ,,kaemm]]',s ,,lett] ,,book4 ,conta9+ sev]al hundr$ alphabets 9 #adj plates1 toge!r ) descriptive text #ah_/f ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,%[ ,,c>d ,,writ+4 ,by ,c4 ,j4 ,/rong4 ,conta9s _m beautiful ,designs #aj_/- ,,/rong',s ,,book ,,( ,,designs4 ,invaluable to ! ,signpa9t]1 ,%[ ,c>d ,writ]1 etc4 ,conta9+1 9 addition to ,po/]s1 ,%[ ,c>ds1 ,ribbons1 etc41 #cc pages ( ornam5tal "w 9 ,col\r #bj_/- ,,atk9son',s ,,sign ,,pa9t+1 replete ) orig9al ,designs1 ,col\r ,comb9ations1 etc4 #ab_/g ,,gra9+1 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n4 ,by ,wm4 ,e4 ,wall #ab_/d ,(fice ( ,,! ,,decorator1 #cfe1 ,birkbeck ,bank ,*amb]s1 ,high ,holborn1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 ,,! ,,(ficial ,,organ ,,( ,! ,london ,association ( ,=em5 ,eng9e]s4 ,! ,le$s ,association ( ,eng9e]s4 ,! ,/oke-on-,tr5t ,eng9e]s' ,association4 ,sixp5ce a ,copy4 ,,! ,manag+ ,eng9e]4 ,five ,%ill+s a ,ye>4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,?omas ,,t(ts1 #ic #id1 ,*anc]y ,lane1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 ,transcrib]s ,notes3 ,punctuation & spell+ inaccuracies 7 sil5tly correct$4 ,ar*aic & v>iable spell+ has be5 pres]v$4 ,v>iations 9 hyph5ation & comp\nd words h be5 pres]v$4 ,fig #abe4 ,design = ,%[ ,c>d is wrongly %[n to be on page #bbc 9 ! li/ ( illu/rations4 ,?is has be5 correct$ to page #bcc4 ,9 ! index ',%eets ,metal ,dipp+ #dj1 #eh'1 has be5 alt]$ to #ch1 #eh4 ,page #dj 0 a blank page & page #ch is ne> & 9 context b maybe an inaccurate alt]ation4 ,bo? middle & mod]n decimal po9ts are us$4 ,italics are %[n ?us3 slop+4 ,bold type is %[n ?us3 %\t4 ,small capitals h be5 capitalis$4 ,! c>et "* 77 has be5 us$ to d5ote sup]script4