,,folk ,,lore ,,notes4 ,vol4 ,,ii--,,konkan4 ,,compil$ ,,f ,,mat]ials ,,collect$ ,,by ,! late ,a4 ,m4 ,t4 ,,jackson1 ,indian ,civil ,s]vice4 ,r4 ,e4 ,,en?ov51 ,c4,i4,e41 ,i4,c4,s4 ,,briti% ,,india ,,press1 ,,mazgaon ,,bombay4 #aiae ,,repr9t$ ,,f ,,! ,,indian ,,antiqu>y ,,by ,b4 ,,mill]1 ,,sup]9t5d5t1 ,,briti% ,,india ,,press1 ,,bombay ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,nature ,p[]s4 ,,page4 ,wor%ip ( m9or local deities4 ,sun-wor%ip4 ,! ,swa/ika4 ,circumambulation r\nd images & o!r sacr$ objects4 ,moon-wor%ip4 ,days ( special importance4 ,eclipses4 ,wor%ip ( planets & />s4 ,! milky way4 ,! ra9b[4 ,wor%ip ( ! e>?4 ,?und] & lightn+4 ,e>?quakes4 ,wor%ip ( sacr$ riv]s1 spr+s & pools4 ,wat] spirits & gobl9s4 ,c]emonies at digg+ ( wells4 ,well wat] z a cure = disease4 ,sacr$ ,lakes4 ,palaces "u ! wat]4 ,sacr$ m\nta9s4 ,deities :o control ! wea!r4 ,me?ods ( caus+ or av]t+ ra9 & ( *eck+ /orms4 ,vratas or religi\s v[s practis$ only by wom54 ,rites 9 :i* wom5 are exclud$4 ,rites 9 :i* ! wor%ipp] mu/ be nude4 ,sup]/itions 9 connection ) a]olites & meteors #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,h]oic ,godl+s4 ,village deities4 ,local deities4 ,in/allation ( deities 9 new settlem5ts4 ,gho/ly godl+s4 ,deities responsible = crops & cattle #ba ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,disease ,deities4 ,causes ( epidemic diseases & ! rem$ies adopt$ to /op !m4 ,cattle diseases4 ,rem$ies practis$ by ! village p 9 connection ) !m4 ,! me?ods = ! exorcism ( disease4 ,me?ods ( expell+ evil spirits f ! body4 ,! village sorc]]4 ,(f]+s ( rags1 co9s1 etc41 at sacr$ trees & wells4 ,! transf]r+ ( disease f "o p]son to ano!r4 ,scapegoats #bi ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! wor%ip ( ,ance/ors & ,sa9ts4 ,%rddhas & o!r c]emonies p]=m$ = ! propitiation & emancipation ( ! deceas$4 ,wor%ip ( ! f\nd]s ( religi\s sects1 ( sa9ts1 etc4 ,gho/s4 ,rebir? ( ance/ors 9 ! same family4 ,miracle-work+ tombs4 ,muhammadan sa9ts ^: wor%ip has be5 adopt$ by ,h9dus4 ,rural me?ods = ! cure ( b>r5ness #dj ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,wor%ip ( ! malevol5t dead4 ,popul> notions ab\t dreams4 ,auspici\s & inauspici\s dreams4 ,tempor>y ab&onm5t ( ! body by ! s\l4 ,"* & functions ( ! bhut or disembodi$ s\l4 ,! /ate ( ! s\l aft] dea?4 ,! rebir? ( ! s\l4 ,! s\ls ( p]sons dy+ a sudd5 or viol5t dea?4 ,! ways by :i* gho/s ent] & leave ! body4 ,me?ods ( driv+ away evil spirits f ! body4 ,reliefs reg>d+ sneez+ & yawn+4 ,rk%asa or ! malevol5t demon4 ,o!r malignant spirits4 ,evil spirits :i* g ab\t headless4 ,! haunts ( evil spirits4 ,gho/s ( wom5 dy+ an unnatural dea?4 ,spirits ( p]sons kill$ by tig]s & o!r wild bea/s4 ,gho/s ( wom5 dy+ 9 *ildb$ or m5ses4 ,precautions tak5 by p>5ts at ! bir? ( *ildr54 ,beliefs 9 connection ) bats & owls4 ,spirits :i* haunt ru9s1 gu>d buri$ treasure & occupy valleys #di ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! evil eye & ! sc>+ ( gho/s4 ,effects ( ! evil eye4 ,objects liable to be influ5c$ by ! evil eye4 ,precautions tak5 to evade ! influ5ce ( ! evil eye ,opprobri\s names4 ,*ange ( sex4 ,protection aga9/ evil spirits4 ,amulets4 ,*>m$ circles4 ,om5s4 ,numb]s4 ,lucky & unlucky days4 ,rites p]=m$ to help ! s\l to ! o!r _w4 ,cremation & burial4 ,! cu/oms ( %av+ ! hair4 ,(f]+s ( food to ! dead4 ,manife/ation ( evil spirits 9 =m4 ,! practice ( break+ e>!n vessels at dea?4 ,kites connect$ ) m\rn+4 ,b5evol5t spirits4 ,spirits :i* haunt trees4 ,! gu>dian spirits ( crops & cattle4 ,spirits invok$ to fright5 *ildr5 #fj ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,tree & ,s]p5t wor%ip4 ,trees connect$ ) deities & sa9ts4 ,leg5ds & sup]/itions connect$ ) !m4 ,m>riage ( brides & bridegrooms to trees4 ,snake wor%ip4 ,%r9es ( snake deities4 ,deifi$ snakes4 ,snakes gu>d+ treasure4 ,! village treatm5t ( snake-bite4 ,! jewel 9 ! head ( ! snake4 ,gu>dian snakes #ga ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,totemism & ,feti%ism4 ,devaks4 ,names d]iv$ f animals & plants4 ,sacr$ animals4 ,deities associat$ ) animal wor%ip4 ,wor%ip ( /ocks & /ones4 ,survivals ( human sacrifice4 ,disease-cur+ /ones4 ,respect %[n to corn sieves1 corn p\nd]s1 ! broom & ! pl\gh4 ,fire wor%ip #gh ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,animal wor%ip4 ,sacr$ animals & ! leg5ds & sup]/itions connect$ ) !m #hc ,,*apt] ,x4 ,wit*craft4 ,*etaks & ,*etak9s4 #he ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,g5]al4 ,rural c]emonies connect$ ) agricultural op]ations4 ,rites p]=m$ = ! protection ( cattle4 ,rites p]=m$ = sc>+ noxi\s animals & insects4 ,rites p]=m$ = ensur+ sun%9e & fav\rable wea!r4 ,rites p]=m$ = ! protection ( crops4 ,rites 9 :i* secrecy & sil5ce are obs]v$4 ,! obs]vances at ! ,holi fe/ival4 ,rites p]=m$ :5 boys & girls atta9 pub]ty4 ,v[s4 ,! black art #hg ,,app5dix ,gloss>y ( v]nacul> t]ms1 occurr+ 9 ,volumes ,i & ,,ii i to xxxvii ,,folklore ,,( ,,! ,,konkan4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,nature ,,p[]s4 ,! wor%ip ( m9or local deities is connect$ ) su* l[ ca/es z ,guravas1 ,bhopis1 ,m>?a ,kunbis1 ,dhang>s1 ,wghes1 ,murlis1 ,mahrs & ,mngs 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,kolhpur4 ,x is believ$ by ! ,brhmans t once an image is consecrat$ & wor%ipp$1 x %\ld be wor%ipp$ un9t]rupt$ly e day1 & he :o neglects to wor%ip su* an image daily incurs ! s9 ( ,brahma-hatya or ,brhman-murd]4 ,= ?is reason ,brhmans g5]ally d n wor%ip m9or local deities4 ,9 =m] times ,brhmans :o wor%ipp$ ^! deities 7 excommunicat$ by _! ca/e-m54 ,su* ,pujris 7 compell$ to we> a fold$ dhotur or wai/ clo?1 & 7 =bidd5 to put on ! g&h or s&al pa/e m>k 9 /raight or cross l9es4 ,!y 7 all[$ to put on ! tila or circul> m>k ( s&al pa/e4 ,ano!r reason :y ,brhmans are n ! ,pujris or wor%ipp]s ( su* deities is t ,brhmans _c accept or p>take ( ! ,naiv$ya (f]+ ( cook$ food1 f[ls1 etc41 made to !m4 ,l[] class p c p>take ( su* (f]+s1 & are !re=e g5]ally ! wor%ipp]s or m9i/rants ( m9or local deities4 ,at ,pal%et 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 !re are two grmdevis1 viz41 ,jholi & ,mhrji1 & ! pujris ( ^! deities are respectively a ,gurav & a ,mahr4 #a ,! pujris ( goddesses are g5]ally m5 ( ! l[] ca/es4 ,! gu>dian goddesses ( ! villages ( ,pule1 ,v>avade1 ,n&ivade1 & ,rila h ,kunbis z _! pujris2 :ile ! pujris ( ! goddesses ,mahlak%mi1 ,bhagvati1 ,mahkli1 & ,jogi are g5]ally *os5 f ! ,gurav ca/e4 #b ,9 ! ,konkan ! ,ruls 7,%udras7 are ! pujris ( ! deities ,vi?oba1 ,ravaln? & ,bhavni2 ! ,ghdis are ! pujris ( ! deities ,st]i & ,khavane%w>2 :ile ! deities ,mahdev & ,mruti are wor%ipp$ by pujris belong+ to ! ,gurav ca/e4 #c ,! goddesses ,makhajan & ,jakhmta at ,sangame%w> 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict are wor%ipp$ by pujris :o belong to ! ,gurav & ,bhoi ca/es respectively4 ,! god ,ganpati at ,makhnele has = 8 pujri a ,wni4 ,! pujris ( ! temple ( ,%iva at ,lnje 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict are ,wnis4 #d ,x is said t ! pujri ( ,pundrik at ,p&h>pur is a ,kirta 7fi%]man7 by ca/e4 #e ,! pujri ( ! goddess ,n>mta at ,sidgad 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict is a ,koli2 :il/ ! pujris ( ,knoba1 ,kh&oba1 & ,vetl are ( ! l[] ca/es4 #f ,! goddesses ,mahlak%mi ( ,kolvan & ,vajre%v>i h _! pujris *os5 f ! l[] ca/es4 #g ,! pujris ( ,j>i-,m>i1 ,mhasoba1 ,bahiroba1 ,*$a & o!r deities :i* are said to prev5t contagi\s diseases1 are always m5 ( ! l[] ca/es4 #h ,! pujris ( ! gu>dian goddesses ( ! villages ,petsai1 ,dasgaum & ,nizmpur are a ,mahr1 a ,kumbhr or pott]1 & a ,m>?a1 respectively4 #i ,! pujri ( ! gu>dian goddesses ( ,*aul 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict belongs to ! l[] ca/es4 #aj ,! goddess ,mngi has always a ,mahr z h] pujri4 #aa ,ev]yday ! god ,%iva is requir$ to be wor%ipp$ fir/ by a pujri ( ! ,gurav ca/e4 ,! pujri ( ,bahiri1 a corruption ( ! ^w ,bhairav1 "o ( ! manife/ations ( ,%iva1 is a man belong+ to ! l[] ca/es4 ,simil>ly ! pujris ( ,bhagavati1 ,bhavni1 ,ambika1 ,klika1 ,jkhi1 ,jholi1 ,janni1 ,kolhi1 ,vadyji1 ,%italdevi1 ,*&ika1 etc41 are p]sons belong+ to l[] ca/es4 #ab ,x is consid]$ by ! ,h9dus v m]itori\s & holy to wor%ip ! ,sun2 & by ,brhmans ! ,sun is consid]$ to be _! *ief deity4 ,! ,gyatri ,mantra ( ! ,brhmans is a pray] to ! ,sun-god or ! ,savita ,dev1 & ! ,brhmans (f] arghya or oblations ( wat] to ! ,sun ?rice a day4 ,^? :o want heal?1 weal? & prosp]ity propitiate ! ,sun-god by pray]s & c]emonies4 ,! ,ra?a ,saptami is consid]$ to be ! pr9cipal day = special wor%ip & fe/ivities 9 hon\r ( ! ,sun-god4 ,on ?is day1 on a l[ wood5 /ool1 is drawn1 9 r$ s&al pa/e1 a figure ( ! ,sun 9 human %ape seat$ 9 a *>iot drawn by sev5 horses1 or by a horse ) sev5 faces4 ,?is figure is !n plac$ 9 ! sun-%9e1 & x is !n wor%ipp$ by (f]+ x arghya or spoonfuls ( wat]1 r$ p[d]1 r$ fl[]s mix$ ) r$ s&al pa/e1 camphor1 inc5se & fruits4 ,"s p kneel d[n :ile (f]+ ! arghyas to ! ,sun4 ,^! arghyas are ei!r ?ree or twelve 9 numb]4 ,"s p]sons make a v[ n to eat any?+ unless !y h wor%ipp$ ! ,sun & p]=m$ ! twelve ,namask>as by fall+ pro/rate & b[+ ) fold$ h&s twelve times1 & at ea* "t repeat+ "o ( ! twelve names ( ! ,sun4 #ac ,9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict "s p wor%ip ! ,sun on ! ,sundays ( ! mon? ( ,%rvan4 ,a c]emony held on ! ,ra?asaptami day1 i4e41 ! #g? day ( ! bright half ( ,mgh1 is deem$ a special fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ! ,sun-god4 ,on t day p draw1 on a small wood5 /ool1 an image ( ! ,sun1 seat$ 9 a *>iot drawn by sev5 horses1 & wor%ip x ) great rev]5ce4 ,milk is !n boil$ on a fire made ( c[-dung cakes 9 front ( ! h\sehold ,tulsi plant4 ,if ! milk ov]fl[s to ! ea/1 x is believ$ t !re w be abundance ( crops1 b if x fl[s to ! we/ x is tak5 z a sign ( ! ne> approa* ( fam9e4 #ad ,! ,sun-god is also wor%ipp$ on ! foll[+ occasions1 e4g41 ,trikal1 ,gajac*ya1 ,ardhodaya1 ,mahodaya1 ,vyatipt1 ,mak>-,sankrnt1 ,k>k-,sankrnt & ! ,sol> eclipse4 #ae ,?\gh !re are few temples d$icat$ to ! ,sun1 ! village ( ,p>ule has ! hon\r ( hav+ "o call$ ! temple ( ,adi-,nryan4 ,non-,brhmanical classes are n se5 wor%ipp+ ! ,sun 9 ?is di/rict1 despite ! fact t ! ,sun is said to be ! embodim5t ( ! ?ree pr9cipal deities ( ! ,h9dus4 #af ,! p ( ! ,?na ,di/rict believe t ! ,swa/ika is ! c5tral po9t ( ! helmet ( ! ,sun1 & a v[ call$ ! ,swa/ika ,vrata is held 9 its honor4 ,a woman :o obs]ves ?is v[1 draws a figure ( ! ,swa/ika & wor%ips x daily dur+ ! ,*turms 7f\r mon?s ( ! ra9y season71 at ! expiration ( :i* %e gives a ,brhman a gold5 or silv] plate ) ! sign ( ! ,swa/ika ^u x4 #ag ,ano!r v[ nam$ ,dhanurms1 common to all di/ricts 9 ! ,konkan1 requires a p]son to complete 8 daily rites be=e sun-rise1 & to (f] a prep>ation ( food call$ ,khi*adi to ! ,sun-god4 ,! obs]v] ( ?is v[ !n p>takes ( ! food1 reg>d+ x z a gift f t god4 ,?is is ei!r done = "o day or repeat$ = a mon? till ! ,dhanu-,sankrnt4 #ah ,on ! ,somavati-,amvsya day 7! #ae? day ( ! d>k half ( a mon? fall+ on ,monday71 & ! ,kapil%a/hi day1 ! ,sun is held 9 especial rev]5ce4 #ai ,a curi\s /ory is n>rat$ reg>d+ ! (f]+ ( ,arghya to ! ,sun4 ,x is said t ! ,sun rejoices at ! bir? ( a ,brhman1 & gives #a1jjj1jjj c[s 9 *>ity1 believ+ t ! ,arghya :i* ! ,brhman w (f] lat] on w dev\r 8 foes1 "o drop ( ! ,arghya kill+ #a1jjj ( !m #bj4 ,! repetition ( ! ,gyatri-mantra #ajh times a day is suppos$ to release a ,brhman f ! debt ( #a1jjj1jjj c[s ow$ 9 ?is way to ! ,sun4 #ba ,! ,yoga-,sutras ( ,ptanjali h[ev] prohibit a man f look+ at ! sett+ ,sun1 ?\gh ! s9 ?us incurr$ is made am5ds = by ! (f]+ ( ,arghya to t god4 #bb ,x is int]e/+ to note t wom5 d n gr9d corn on ! ,ra?a-,saptami day4 #bc ,wom5 b[ d[n to ! ,sun on ! #aa?1 #ab?1 #cj? or #dj? day aft] _! deliv]y2 b ,kunbi wom5 g5]ally wor%ip t god on ! #g? day4 #bd ,on ?is occasion "s wom5 %[ a *urn+ h&le #be to ! ,sun-god & (f] him "s gra9s ( rice4 #bf ,! ,swa/ika is consid]$ s holy 9 ! ,konkan t x is always drawn on ! ,ant>pat2 & at ! "t ( ! ,punyha ,wa*an c]emony :i* prec$es a ,h9du w$d+1 a ,swa/ika drawn 9 rice is wor%ipp$4 #bg ,! pr9cipal deities ( ! ,h9dus1 :5ev] !y are invok$ on special occasions1 are seat$ on ! ,swa/ika4 #bh ,! p ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict wor%ip ! ,swa/ika1 reg>d+ x z ! symbol z well z ! seat ( ! ,sun-god4 #bi ,by "s ! ,swa/ika is reg>d$ z ! f\ndation-/one ( ! univ]se #cj & is held to be ! symbol ( ! god ,%iva1 & n ( ! ,sun4 #ca ,! conception ( ,kunbi is said to h tak5 place by ! influ5ce ( ! rays ( ! ,sun4 #cb ,! ,swa/ika is consid]$ z an emblem ( peace & prosp]ity1 & = ?is reason ,brhman wom5 draw a figure ( ! ,swa/ika 9 front ( _! h\ses4 #cc ,! cu/om ( mov+ r\nd su* sacr$ objects z ! ,banyan1 ! ,pipal1 ! ,tulsi or sweet basil plant1 ! ,umb>1 ! ,avala 7,phylan?us emblica71 etc41 is preval5t 9 ! di/rict ( ,kolhpur4 ,!re are no cases record$ 9 :i* wom5 aft] *ild-bir? are expos$ to ! ,sun4 ,b on ! #ab? day aft] h] deliv]y1 ! "m puts on new bangles & new clo!s2 cocoanuts1 betelnuts & leaves1 gra9s ( rice1 planta9s & gra9s ( :eat are plac$ 9 h] lap4 ,%e !n comes out & b[s to ! ,sun4 ,weal?y p]sons on ?is occasion p]=m a homa sacrifice 9 _! h\ses by k9dl+ ! holy fire & fe$+ ,brhmans4 ,no "o 9 ?is di/rict believes t conception is caus$1 or is likely to be caus$1 by exposure to ! rays ( ! ,sun4 ,! ,h9du wom5 ( ! ,konkan walk r\nd ,pipal1 ,tulsi1 & ,umb> trees e ,saturday & on ! ,somavati-amvsya day1 i4e41 ! #ae? day ( ! d>k half ( a mon? :5 x falls on ,monday4 #cd ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 wom5 make a v[ to walk r\nd a temple or a sacr$ tree "o-hundr$ ?\s& times2 & = ! fulfilm5t ( ?is v[ !y walk r\nd ! temple or tree = ab\t sev5 or eight h\rs e day4 ,if !y f9d x difficult to make up ! numb] ( r\nds !mselves1 !y ask _! ne> relations to assi/ !m 9 _! und]tak+4 #ce ,! ,moon is wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus on ! #bnd ( ! bright half ( e mon?4 ,on ?is day x is consid]$ v lucky to see ! moon1 & _m p1 p>ticul>ly ! l[] classes1 pull out ?reads f ! clo!s !y we>1 & (f] !m to ! moon1 say+ ,o6 ,god1 accept ^! old clo!s ( ours & be pleas$ to give u new ones 9 _! /ead4 ,"s p wor%ip ! moon on ! ,sanka/i ,*atur?i1 #d? day ( ! d>k half ( e mon?2 & su* p w n eat any?+ until !y h se5 & wor%ipp$ ! moon on t day4 ,! moon is n wor%ipp$ on ! ,gane% ,*atur?i day t is1 ! #d? ( ! bright half ( ! mon? ( ,bhdrapad1 z x is consid]$ v unlucky to see ! moon on t night4 ,x is firmly believ$ t any "o :o sees ! moon on ! ,gane% ,*atur?i day ev5 by accid5t w be falsely accus$ ( !ft or "s o!r crime4 ,9 ord] to avoid ?is1 p :o h accid5tly se5 ! moon1 ?r[ /ones at ! h\ses ( _! neighb\rs1 & if ! neighb\rs abuse !m 9 return1 ! mis*ief mak]s consid] !mselves fre$ by ! abuse f ! s9 ( hav+ look$ at ! moon on a =bidd5 night4 ,! spots on ! surface ( ! moon are believ$ by "s to be ! ra? or *>iot ( ! god4 ,o!rs ?9k t !y are lun> m\nta9s2 b _m believe t ! spots are ! visible signs ( ! /a9 on ! "* ( ! moon-god due to 8 hav+ outrag$ ! mode/y ( ! wife ( 8 guru1 ! god ,brahaspati or ,jupit]4 ,9 ! ,purns x is /at$ t on "o occasion1 a dispute arose betwe5 ! moon & ,brahaspati or ,jupit] ab\t ! wife ( ,brahaspati1 ea* ( !m claim+ to be ! cause ( h] conception4 ,subsequ5tly a son 0 born :o 0 nam$ ,budha 7,m]cury74 ,brahaspati's wife1 on be+ ask$ :o 0 ! fa!r ( ! *ild1 nam$ ! moon4 ,!reupon ,brahaspati curs$ ! moon = 8 adult]y4 ,! spots on ! surface ( ! moon are said to be ! effect ( ?is curse4 ,! moon-god is believ$ to di/ribute nect> ?r\gh 8 rays1 & !re=e ?is deity is said to h ! p[] ( remov+ diseases & re/or+ human be+s to heal?4 ,! moon is ! k+ ( h]bs1 & all trees1 plants1 etc41 ?rive ow+ to ! influ5ce ( ! moon4 ,sometimes p place at night1 figs1 planta9s1 sug>cane & o!r eatables 9 ! moon-light & eat !m e>ly 9 ! morn+2 & x is said t ^? :o d s improve 9 heal?4 ,! practice ( dr9k+ ! moon's rays does n prevail 9 ! ,kolhpur di/rict4 ,b p occasionally d9e 9 ! moon light4 #cf ,on a full moon day p p]=m ! special wor%ip ( _! *os5 deity4 ,on ! full moon ( ! mon? ( ,krtika temples are illum9at$1 & on ! full moon day ( ,mgha1 raw corn su* z :eat1 bjri1 etc41 is cook$ & (f]$ to ! h\sehold & o!r deities4 #cg ,on ?is day are also p]=m$ ! special rites & c]emonies t are requir$ 9 connection ) ! ,kula-devats or family gods or goddesses4 ,on ! full moon day ( ,flguna ! ,holi fire is k9dl$ & wor%ipp$4 ,9 c]ta9 families ! full moon ( ,*aitra is consid]$ auspici\s = mak+ (f]+s to family deities4 ,on ! full moon day ( ,%rvan is obs]v$ ! fea/ ( ,cocoanut day1 & on ?is day ,brhmans put on new sacr$ ?reads4 ,! full moon is consid]$ by ! ,sanysis or ascetics an auspici\s day = %av+ _! heads4 ,on ! new moon day ! ,pitras or ,manes are wor%ipp$4 ,light$ lamps are wor%ipp$ on ! new moon day1 ( ,a%dha4 ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,/ate ?is is call$ ,tadali new moon day1 & 9 ! ,konkan x is call$ ,divali new moon day4 ,on ! new moon day ( ,a%v91 ,lak%mi ! goddess ( weal? is wor%ipp$4 ,all special c]emonies = ! propitiation ( ! ,bhutas or evil spirits are usually p]=m$ on ! new moon day4 ,! ,dwitiya or #bnd day ( e mon? is consid]$ sacr$ to ! moon1 & on ?is day ! moon is wor%ipp$2 :ile ! ,*atur?i is consid]$ sacr$ to ! god ,ganapati1 & on ! ,*atur?i ( ,bhdrapada a special fe/ival is held 9 hon\r ( ! god ,ganpati4 #ch ,on ! #ae? day ( ! bright half ( ! mon? ( ,a%v9 p put milk 9 ! rays ( ! moon = "s "t1 & !n1 aft] (f]+ x to ! moon1 !y dr9k x4 ,dr9k+ milk 9 ?is way is call$ dr9k+ ! rays ( ! moon4 #ci ,on ! ,sankrnt ,*atur?i day & on t ,*atur?i :i* imm$iately foll[s ! ,das>a holiday1 p draw an image ( ! moon & wor%ip x4 #dj ,9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict sev]al conflict+ !ories are held reg>d+ ! spots on ! surface ( ! moon4 ,"s believe t ! spot obs]v$ on ! moon is a tam>9d tree 9 :i* t god has /ation$ himself2 o!rs hold t ! spot is ! reflection ( a de] :i* is yok$ to ! *>iot ( ! moon #da2 :ile _m m believe t x has be5 occasion$ by ! ho( ( ! horse ( ,k+ ,nala4 ,"s say t ! spot on ! surface ( ! moon repres5ts a ,pipal tree & a c[ fa/5$ to ! roots ( ! tree2 o!rs on ! au?ority ( ,h9du my?ology suppose t ,god creat$ ,madan 7cupid7 f ! ess5ce tak5 f ! body ( ! moon & h5ce ! moon-god has spots on 8 body4 #db ,9 ! ,mahbhrat x is /at$ t on ! surface ( ! moon is reflect$ ! isl& ( ,sud>%an on ?is e>?1 toge!r ) "s trees & a great h>e1 ! bright "p be+ no?+ b wat]4 #dc ,! spot on ! surface ( ! moon is consid]$ by "s a de] :i* ! god has tak5 on 8 lap4 #dd ,"s believe t ,ya%oda1 ! "m ( ,kri%na1 aft] wav+ an e>!n di% r\nd ! face ( ,kri%na1 ?rew x at ! sky4 ,x /ruck ! moon & !reby ! spots on ! surface ( ! moon 7 caus$4 ,nect> is suppos$ to h be5 d]iv$ f ! rays ( ! moon2 & 9 "s sacr$ books x is /at$ t ! ,*akora bird 7,b>tavelle ,p>tridge7 dr9ks ! rays ( ! moon4 #de ,! p ( ! ,?na ,di/rict hold simil> notions reg>d+ ! spots on ! surface ( ! moon4 ,x has be5 said by "s t ! portion 9 "q repres5ts mud1 :ile o!rs say t ! moon has be5 disfigur$ ow+ to a curse f a sage4 #df ,"s p say t ! spots are due to ! moon be+ curs$ by 8 preceptor ,brahaspati ) ^: wife ! moon-god _h connection4 ,be+ unable to be> ! pa9 ( ! spots1 ! moon1 x is said1 propitiat$ 8 preceptor1 :o direct$ him to ba! 9 ! ,bhima riv] to alleviate ! agony4 ,accord+ly ! pa9 0 assuag$1 & ! "p ( ! riv] :]e ! ,moon-god ba!d ?us came to be call$ ,*&ra bhga4 #dg ,"s p]sons sugge/ t ! spots are a ,pipal tree ) two de] fe$+ ^u x f two sides4 #dh ,o!rs hold t ! spots on ! surface ( ! moon are due to its hav+ be5 kick$ by a de] :i*1 :5 pursu$ by a hunt]1 0 refus$ %elt]4 #di ,! p ( ! ,?na ,di/rict believe t ! rays ( ! moon influ5ce conception4 #ej ,9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 to sit 9 an op5 place on a moon-light night1 is reg>d$ z dr9k+ ! rays ( ! moon4 #ea ,! elongat$ "p ( ! orb ( ! moon po9t+ t[>ds ! nor? or ! s\? is suppos$ to =ebode sc>city or abundance1 respectively4 #eb ,x is a common belief t ! moon %\ld n be se5 on ! ,gane% ,*atur?i day1 i4e41 ! #d? day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapad4 ,look+ at ! moon cont9u\sly = a %ort "t on e moon-light night is said to keep "o's sight 9 good ord]4 #ec ,if ! ,amvsya falls on ,monday1 ,brhman wom5 ( ! ,?na ,di/rict walk r\nd a ,tulsi plant or a ,pipal tree & make a v[ to a ,brhman4 #ed ,9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict a special c]emony is held 9 hon\r ( m9or goddesses on ! #h? day ( a mon?4 ,! foll[+ ?+s are avoid$ "o on ea* ( ! fifte5 ti?is respectively3-- ,kohala 7pumpk971 dorli 7,solanum indicum71 salt1 sesamum1 s\r ?+s1 oil1 vale 7,emblic myrobalan71 cocoanuts1 bhopala 7g\rd71 padval 7snake-g\rd71 pvte 7,doli*os ,lablah71 masur 7,l5s escul5ta71 br9jal1 honey1 gambl+4 #ee ,! p obs]ve a fa/ on ! #ac? 7,prado%a7 & ! #ad? day 7,%iv>tra7 ( ! d>k half ( e mon?4 #ef ,on ! #ae? day ( ! bright half ( ,*aitra1 a fair is held 9 hon\r ( ! gu>dian deity ( a village1 & h5s1 goats1 etc41 are (f]$ z a sacrifice4 #eg ,! foll[+ are days ( special importance4 ,gudhi-pdva1 i4e41 ! fir/ day ( ! bright half ( ,*aitra3--,?is be+ ! fir/ day ( ! ye>1 gudhis & toranas are hoi/$ 9 front ( e h\se & are wor%ipp$4 #eh ,bhu-bij3--,on ! #bnd day ( ! bright half ( ,krtik e si/] waves r\nd ! face ( h] bro!r a lamp1 & makes him a pres5t4 #ei ,! c]emony on ! ,bhu-bij day has come into vogue on acc\nt ( ,subhadra hav+ giv5 a v pleasant ba? to h] bro!r ,kri%na on t day4 ,! ,c\rt ( ,yama is also said to be clos$ on t day1 s9ce he goes to 8 si/]2 & consequ5tly p]sons :o die on t day1 h[ev] s9ful !y may be1 are n suppos$ to g to ,yamaloka1 i4e41 hell4 #fj ,ak%ya ,tritiya3--,on ! ?ird day ( ! bright half ( ,vai%kh cold wat] & w9n[+ fans are di/ribut$ z tok5s = appeas+ ! ,manes ( ance/ors4 ,on ?is day is also celebrat$ ! bir? ( ! god ,p>a%urm4 #fa ,gane% ,*atur?i3--,on ! #d? day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapad1 an e>!n image ( ,ganpati is wor%ipp$ & a great c]emony is held 9 8 hon\r4 #fb ,! f\r? day ( ! bright half ( e mon? is call$ ,v9yaka-,*atur?i2 :ile t ( ! d>k half is call$ ,sanka/i-,*atur?i4 ,on ! ,v9yaka-,*atur?i day1 p fa/ ! :ole day & d9e ! next day2 :ile on ! ,sanka/i ,*atur?i day1 !y fa/ dur+ ! day "t & d9e aft] moon-rise4 #fc ,t ,sanka/i ,*atur?i :i* falls on ,tuesday is consid]$ ! be/4 #fd ,ngpan*ami3--,on ! #e? day ( ! bright half ( ,%rvan1 pictures ( s]p5ts & snake holes are wor%ipp$4 #fe ,*amp-,%a%ti3--,on ! #f? day ( ! bright half ( ,mrga%ir%a1 "s c]emony relat+ to ! family-deity is p]=m$4 #ff ,ra?a-,saptami3--,on ! #g? day ( ! bright half ( ,mgh1 ! sun is wor%ipp$ & milk is boil$ until x ov]fl[s4 #fg ,gokul-,a%tami3--,on ! #h? day ( ! d>k half ( ,%rvan ! bir? ( ! god ,kri%na is celebrat$4 #fh ,rma-,navami3--,on ! #i? day ( ! bright half ( ,*aitra ! bir? ( ! god ,rma is celebrat$4 #fi ,vijayda%ami3--,on ! #aj? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v9 p cross ! b\nd>y ( _! village & di/ribute sone 7leaves ( ! ,%ami & ,apta trees74 ,x is a popul> belief t a "w comm5c$ on ?is day is sure to end well4 ,weapons are also wor%ipp$ on ?is day4 #gj ,ekda%i3--,on ! #aa? day ( ,a%dh & ,krtik a special fa/ is obs]v$4 ,p also fa/ on ! #aa? day ( ea* mon?4 ,a man :o dies on ?is auspici\s day is suppos$ to g to heav54 #ga ,sometimes ! ,ekda%i falls on two consecutive days2 9 :i* case ! ,smrtas obs]ve ! fir/1 :ile ! ,bhgvats obs]ve ! second4 #gb ,wman-dwda%i3--,on ! #ab? day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapad ,wman is wor%ipp$ & "o or twelve boys are ador$1 be+ held to repres5t ,wman4 ,! m>riage ( ! ,tulsi plant is sometimes celebrat$ on ?is day4 #gc ,dhana-,trayoda%i3--,on ! #ac? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%v91 ,lak%mi1 ! goddess ( weal? is wor%ipp$4 #gd ,n>ak-,*aturda%i3--,on ! #ad? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%v91 ! demon ,n>aksur 0 kill$4 ,9 consequ5ce1 on ?is day p take _! ba? be=e sun-rise1 break ,k>9ta 7a fruit71 reg>d+ x z a demon1 & apply its se$s to _! heads4 #ge ,nrali ,paurnima3--,on ! #ae? day ( ! bright half ( ,%rvan1 p wor%ip ! sea & ?r[ into x a cocoanut4 #gf ,wata-,paurnima3--,on ! #ae? day ( ! bright half ( ,jye%?a1 wom5 ^: husb&s are alive fa/ ! :ole day1 & wor%ip ! ,wata-tree4 #gg ,on ! #ae? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v91 p keep !mselves awake ! :ole night & amuse !mselves 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,on ! #ae? day ( ! bright half ( ,krtika h\ses are illum9at$4 ,?is day is call$ ,tripuri-,paurnima4 ,on ?is night p illum9ate ) e>!n lamps all temples 9 ! village1 b p>ticul>ly ! temple ( ,%iva4 ,?is is done 9 commemoration ( ! triumph ( ! god ,%iva ov] ! demon ,tripursura4 ,! full-moon day ( ! mon? ( ,mgha is call$ ,*udi ,paurnima4 ,on ?is night p light *udies tor*es & ) !m slightly burn c]ta9 fl[]s1 trees & plants4 ,! full-moon day ( ! mon? ( ,flguna is call$ ! ,holi or ,holi-,paurnima & is ! bigge/ holiday ( ! l[] class ,h9dus4 ,on ?is night ! ,h9dus k9dle ! ,holi-fire & wor%ip x4 #gh ,on ! #ae? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v9 p eat gra9 ( ! new h>ve/4 ,on ! full-moon day ( ,%rvan !y p]=m ! ,%rvani c]emony & give a lamp 9 *>ity4 ,on ! full-moon day ( ! mon? ( ,*aitra1 ,vai%akha & ,mrga%ir%a1 ! bir?s ( ,mruti1 ,n>asimha & ,datttraya respectively are celebrat$4 #gi ,! ,kunbis ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict believe t on ! #ae? or full-moon day ( ,pau%a1 ! ,h9du gods g out hunt+ & t !y return f _! hunt+ exp$ition on ! full-moon day ( ! mon? ( ,mgha4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! ,kunbis ab/a9 f wor%ipp+ _! gods4 #hj ,amvsya3--,on ! #ae? day ( ! d>k half ( e mon?1 oblations are giv5 to ! ,manes ( ! dead4 #ha ,! comm5cem5t ( a good de$1 j\rney to a di/ant place1 & ! pl\gh+ ( l& are po/pon$ on ! no-moon day ( a mon?4 #hb ,sanysis are enjo9$ to get _! be>d %av$ on ! ,paurnima & ,amvsya days only4 #hc ,p d n set out on a j\rney on ! foll[+ ti?is1 reg>d+ !m z rikta 7unfruitful or inauspici\s73-- ,*atur?i1 ,navami & ,*aturda%i4 #hd ,! ,*ndryana ,vrata3--,wid[s fa/ on ! no-moon day ( a mon?4 ,!y are requir$ to regulate _! diet 9 su* an increas+ proportion t on ! next full moon day !y %\ld h a full meal4 ,! rev]se process foll[s = a =tnight aft]1 s t !y obs]ve an absolute fa/ on ! foll[+ no-moon day4 #he ,p h v>i\s ideas ab\t ! cause ( ! eclipses ( ! sun & ! moon4 ,"s say t ! sun & ! moon are sup]ior deities1 & t ! demons ,rhu & ,ketu :o belong to ! ca/e ( ,mngs attempt to t\* !m & to dev\r !m4 ,o!rs believe t ! planets ,rhu & ,ketu /& 9 ! pa? ( ! ,sun & ! ,moon & !reby d>kness is caus$ on ! e>?4 ,x is believ$ t ab\t #e h\rs be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! obscuration1 9 ! case ( ! ,sun & ab\t #d h\rs 9 ! case ( ! ,moon1 ! ,v$ha or malign influ5ce ( ! mon/]s beg9s & dur+ ! p]iod till ! :ole eclipse is ov] a /rict fa/ is obs]v$4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! eclipse1 z well z at its close1 p ba!4 ,"s sit on a l[ wood5 /ool ) a ros>y 9 _! h&s repeat+ ! names ( ! gods1 or ! gyatri or "s ( ! mantras4 ,b ^? :o want to acquire ! art ( magic or wit*-craft or ! p[] ( remov+ ! evil effects ( snake-poison1 or scorpion /+1 g to a lonely place on ! riv]side1 & !re /&+ 9 wat] repeat ! mantras taught to !m by _! guru or tea*]4 ,p give alms to ,mahrs & ,mngs on ?is occasion1 & !re=e p]sons ( ?is class g ab\t ! /reets say+ l\dly ,give u alms & ! eclipse w be ov]4 ,de dn sut girn4 ,a /rict fa/ is obs]v$ on an eclipse day1 b *ildr5 & pregnant wom5 :o _c be> ! privation are giv5 some?+ to eat "u a sike4 ,! eclipse "t is s inauspici\s t *ildr5 & animals born at t "t are consid]$ unlucky4 #hf ,sometimes an eclipse _c be obs]v$ ow+ to ! int]v5tion ( cl\ds4 ,on t occasion ! p ( ! ,konkan resort to ! foll[+ exp$i5t 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r ! lum9>y is eclips$ or n4 ,!y take a potful ( wat] & hold 9 x a musal4 ,if x /&s 9 ! pot unsupport$ x is reg>d$ z indicative ( ! exi/5ce ( an eclipse4 ,mngs1 ,mahrs1 etc41 are suppos$ to be ! desc5dants ( ,rhu & ,ketu2 & = ?is reason gifts are made to !m 9 *>ity on an eclipse day4 #hg ,! p ( ! ,?na ,di/rict believe t corn gr[s abundantly 9 a ye> t witnesses _m eclipses4 #hh ,! popul> cause ( an eclipse 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 is ! ,girha1 a m9or deity :i* is said to w&] ?r\gh ! sky & swall[ ! ,sun & ! ,moon :5 !y cross 8 pa?4 #hi ,besides ! my?ological /ory reg>d+ ! cause ( an eclipse1 ! p ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict also believe t ! ,girha ?r[s 8 %ad[ on ! sun & ! moon1 :5 he comes to dem& 8 dues f !m4 #ij ,! ,konkan villag]s1 on an eclipse day1 /rike b>r5 trees ) a pe/le1 #ia 9 ord] t !y may be> fruits & fl[]s4 ,a b>r5 woman is also beat5 ) ! same motive4 ,simil>ly _m o!r sup]/iti\s beliefs are connect$ ) an eclipse4 ,pregnant wom5 are n all[$ to see ! eclipse ( ! sun or ! moon1 nor are !y to engage 9 cutt+1 sew+1 etc4 z ?is is believ$ to be injuri\s to ! *ild 9 ! womb4 #ib ,! eclipse "t is suppos$ to be ! mo/ suitable to le>n mantras or incantations4 #ic ,! mantris also mutt] incantations dur+ an eclipse 9 a nak$ condition4 #id ,! p :o believe t ! eclipses are caus$ by ! influ5ce ( ! planets ,rhu & ,ketu (f] pray]s to ,rhu on ! lun> eclipse day & to ,ketu on ! sol> eclipse day4 #ie ,! planets & />s are wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus4 ,x is believ$ t a p]son :o is to die )9 six mon?s _c see ! pol> />4 ,f ! movem5ts ( ! planets pa/ & future ev5ts ( "o's c>e] are =etold by ,brhman & o!r a/rolog]s4 ,& z x is believ$ t man's good & bad luck are dep5dant ^u ! influ5ce ( ! planets1 (f]+s ( v>i\s k9ds are made & sacrifices p]=m$ = secur+ ! fav\r ( ! ,navagrahas or ! n9e planets4 ,9 ord] to av]t ! effect ( ! evil influ5ce ( c]ta9 planets p sometimes we> r+s ( ^? preci\s /ones :i* are suppos$ to be ! fav\rites ( ! planets4 ,! ra9-b[ is call$ ,indra dhanu%ya or ! ,indra's b[1 & x is believ$ t if ! ra9-b[ appe>s 9 ! ea/1 x indicates ! com+ ( m ra91 & if x appe>s 9 ! we/ x is a sure sign ( ! close ( ! monsoon4 ,! milky way is believ$ to be ! heav5ly ,ganges4 ,well kn[n tradition relates h[ ,wman 7! #e? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu7 w5t to ,bali ! k+ ( ! l[] regions & ask$ him to give him l& measur+ ?ree feet only4 ,! k+ cons5t$1 :]eupon ! god ,wman enl>g$ 8 body to su* an ext5t t by 8 "o foot/ep he occupi$ ! :ole e>? & by ! second he occupi$ heav54 ,^u ?is ! god ,brahma wor%ipp$ ! foot ( ! god ,vi%nu :i* 0 9 heav51 & f t foot sprang ! heav5ly ,ganges :i* fl[s 9 heav5 & is call$ ,dudha ,ganga or ! milky ,ganges4 ,! wor%ip ( />s & planets is 9 vogue among ,konkan ,h9du families ( ! high] ca/es4 ,! pol> /> 9 p>ticul> is se5 & wor%ipp$ by ! bride & ! bridegroom aft] ! c]emony at ! m>riage alt> is ov]4 #if ,a v int]e/+ /ory is connect$ ) ! pol> />4 ,by ! great p[] ( 8 p5ance ! sage ,vi%vmitra despat*$ k+ ,tri%anku to ,heav51 b ! gods hurl$ him d[n4 ,!reupon ,vi%vmitra became enrag$ & began to create a new heav54 ,h9du my?ological books say t he ?us creat$ ! sages ,va%i/a1 ,angiras1 ,pulah1 ,pula/ya1 ,rutu1 ,atri1 & ,m>i*i1 & /ation$ ,tri%anku 9 ! sky4 ,! ,nava-grahas or ! n9e planets are wor%ipp$ be=e ! comm5cem5t ( all important c]emonies4 #ig ,a clu/] ( sev5 />s call$ ! ,sapta-ri%is are wor%ipp$ by m5 at ! "t ( ! ,%rvani c]emony1 :ile wom5 wor%ip !m on ! #e? day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapada4 #ih ,^! ,sapta-ri%is are said to h be5 creat$ by ! ,god ,brahma f 8 own body2 & tea*+ !m ! f\r ,v$as1 he h&$ !m ov] to !m & ask$ !m to regulate ! affairs ( ! _w4 #ii ,"s p ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict believe t ! ra9-b[ is ! b[ us$ by ,rma1 ! h]o ( ! ,rmyana4 ,its appe>ance on ! ea/ is reg>d$ by !m z symptomatic ( ! approa* ( ra91 :ile its appe>ance on ! we/ is equival5t to ! dep>ture ( ra94 #ajj ,! %ort duration ( ! ra9-b[ is held to indicate an excessive fall ( ra9 :ile its long duration =bodes a sc>city ( ra94 #aja ,! appe>ance ( ! ra9-b[ on a riv] is suppos$ to indicate ! approa* ( ra91 :ile its appe>ance on a m\nta9 means ! dep>ture ( ra94 #ajb ,( ! two b[s ( :i* ! ra9-b[ seems to be compos$1 ! l>g] is believ$ to belong to ,rma1 & ! small] to ,lak%man4 #ajc ,s9ce ! ,god ,indra is suppos$ to s5d ra91 ! ,indradhanu%ya 7! ra9-b[7 is reg>d$ z a sign ( ! adv5t ( ra94 #ajd ,by "s ,h9dus x is believ$ t ! milky way is a heav5ly riv] :i* is a fav\rite ba?+ place ( ! gods4 #aje ,o!rs suppose x to be a bran* ( ! cele/ial ,ganges :i* is said to h be5 br\ght d[n ^u ?is e>? by k+ ,bhagira?a4 #ajf ,"s p]sons1 h[ev]1 believe t s9ce ! great sage ,aga/ya is said to reside at ,rme%w> 9 ! s\!rn direction1 ! ,ganges 7! milky way7 runs ?r\gh ! sky to ! s\? 9 ord] to ba! him4 ,sometimes ! milky way is believ$ to be a :ite cl\d4 #ajg ,on ! au?ority ( ! ,mahkla ,nirvn ,tantra1 "s p ( ! ,?na ,di/rict believe t a p]son :o _c get a view ( ! pol> /> w die )9 six mon?s2 :ile o!rs sub/itute ! ,arundhati /> = ! pol> /> & det]m9e ! duration ( life ( a diseas$ p]son by ! same process4 #ajh ,! p ( ! ,?na ,di/rict believe t ! ra9-b[ is caus$ by ! accumulation ( moi/ure 9 ! air4 #aji ,! ra9-b[ is said to consecrate ! region ov] :i* x appe>s4 #aaj ,! appe>ance ( ! ra9-b[ 9 ! morn+ is suppos$ to =bode ! approa* ( ra94 #aaa ,"s p ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict believe t ! holy p]sons su* z ,k%yapa1 ,arundhati & o!r sages1 :o liv$ on ?is e>? 9 anci5t times are se5 %9+ 9 ! sky by ! sacr$ lu/re ( _! p[]s4 #aab ,h9du wom5 wor%ip ! planets ,budha & ,guru 7,m]cury & ,jupit]7 9 ! mon? ( ,%ravan4 #aac ,! ,sapta-ri%is are some:]e call$ ,khatale & ,bjale 7cot74 #aad ,! ra9-b[ is held by "s to be ! symbol ( ,rma & ,lak%man1 :o visit ! _w 9 t =m ) ! view ( wat*+ its proce$+s4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 believe t x repres5ts ,god ,indra :o assumes t =m to see h[ 8 ord]s are execut$ by 8 subord9ates4 #aae ,! ra9-b[ is said to =etell good if x appe>s ei!r at ! beg9n+ or end ( ! ra9y season1 :ile its appe>ance at any o!r "t is suppos$ to =bode evil4 #aaf ,h9dus reg>d ! e>? z "o ( _! important deities & wor%ip x on v>i\s occasions4 ,x is enjo9$ ^u ,brhmans to wor%ip x daily at ! "t ( _! ,s&hya rite1 z well z :ile p]=m+ ! ,%rvani c]emony4 #aag ,! p ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict pray to ! e>? z soon z !y leave _! b$ 9 ! morn+4 #aah ,! e>? is requir$ to be wor%ipp$ at ! "t ( lay+ ! f\ndation-/one ( a h\se1 z well z at ! "t ( br++ into use a newly built h\se4 #aai ,s9ce x is held unholy to sleep on ! b>e gr\nd1 ^? ^: p>5ts die1 sleep on a wooll5 clo? on ! gr\nd till _! p>5ts' anniv]s>y is ov]4 #abj ,wanpra/as1 ,sanysis1 & ,brhmans are requir$ to sleep on ! gr\nd4 #aba ,"s pi\s m5 sleep on ! b>e gr\nd dur+ ! ,*turms 7! f\r mon?s ( ! ra9y season71 at ! expiry ( :i* !y pres5t a b$ to a ,brhman4 #abb ,x is enjo9$ ^u a pr9ce to sleep on ! b>e gr\nd on ! eve ( ! coronation day4 #abc ,wid[s & wom5 are requir$ to sleep on ! gr\nd dur+ _! mon?ly c\rses4 ,wom5 ^: husb&s are away are also to d ! same4 #abd ,9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ,katk>is1 on ! day on :i* !y wi% to be possess$ by a p>ticul> deity or _s1 are requir$ to sleep on ! e>?4 #abe ,:5 p are on ! po9t ( dea?1 !y are made to lie on blades ( d>bha grass plac$ on ! e>?4 #abf ,! p]=m] ( a sacrifice z well z "o :o has obs]v$ a v[ are to sleep on ! gr\nd4 #abg ,! foll[+ articles %\ld n be all[$ to t\* ! e>?1 viz4 pe>ls1 ! ,%ligram /one1 an image ( ! god ,vi%nu1 ! l+a ( ,%iva1 a con* %ell1 ! sacr$ ?read ( a ,brhman1 fl[]s int5d$ = wor%ip1 basil leaves1 & ,gov>dhan4 #abh ,! foll[+ l9es are repeat$ 9 ! morn+ be=e sett+ foot to ! gr\nd #abi3-- ,o ,goddess6 :o is clo!d 7surr\nd$7 by ! sea1 ^: brea/s are m\nta9s1 & :o is ! wife ( ,vi%nu1 ,i b[ d[n to !e2 please =give ! t\* ( my feet4 ,o ,goddess ,e>?6 :o art born by ! p[] ( ,vi%nu1 ^: surface is ( ! col\r ( a con* %ell & :o art ! /ore h\se ( innum]able jewels1 ,i b[ d[n to !e4 ,"s wom5 ( ! ,?na ,di/rict wor%ip ! e>? daily dur+ ! ,*turms 7f\r mon?s ( ! ra9y season71 at ! end ( :i* !y give a ,brhman a piece ( l& or ! money equival5t ( x4 #acj ,p]sons :o p]=m a p>ticul> rite1 e4g41 ! ,solsomavr-vrata 7a v[ obs]v$ on sixte5 successive ,mondays7 are requir$ to sleep on ! b>e gr\nd4 #aca ,at ! s[+ & h>ve/ "t1 f>m]s appease ! e>? by (f]+ x cocoanuts1 f[ls1 rice mix$ ) curd1 etc4 #acb ,! blood ( a k+ & ! balls ( rice giv5 to ! manes ( ! dead are n all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd4 ,p convey to a di/ant place ! wat] ( ! ,ganges1 )\t plac+ x on ! gr\nd4 #acc ,! e>? is requir$ to be wor%ipp$ be=e tak+ a portion ( x = sacrificial purposes4 #acd ,a vessel conta9+ wat] ov] :i* incantations h be5 repeat$ is n all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd4 #ace ,on ! #ae? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v9 e f>m] prep>es "s sweetmeats 9 8 h\se1 & takes !m to 8 f>m4 ,!re he ga!rs five /ones1 wor%ips !m1 & (f]s ! sweetmeats to ! e>?4 ,aft]w>ds he takes a portion ( ! food & scatt]s x ov] ! f>m4 ,8 family !n ga!r !re & take a he>ty meal4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! p]son :o c>ri$ ! food to ! f>m1 picks up "s gra9s ( b>ley & puts !m into a basket4 ,on return home ! gra9s are ?r[n ov] ! h\se4 #acf ,v>i\s conflict+ notions are ent]ta9$ reg>d+ ?und] & lightn+4 ,! p ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict believe t ! cl\ds are animals t ro>4 ,:5 ^! animals emit wat] x bur/s =? on acc\nt ( ! circul> motion ( ! w9ds call$ ,*&a & ,munda4 ,?is bur/+ is suppos$ to produce ?und] & lightn+4 #acg ,some:]e ?und] & lightn+ are said to be ! signals giv5 by ! god ,indra1 to birds1 bea/s1 etc41 ( ! sett+ 9 ( ! ra9y season4 #ach ,"s p believe t ! god ,indra s5ds ra9 ?r\gh 8 elephants :o1 be+ excit$1 make a noise l ?und]4 #aci ,o!rs reg>d ! ?und] z ! ro>+ ( ! elephant ( ! gods1 :ile suck+ sea-wat]4 ,! ?und] is also believ$ to be ! ro>+ ( ! god ,v>una1 ! k+ ( ! cl\ds4 #adj ,! boys ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict believe t ?und] is a sign ( ! w$d+ c]emonies p]=m$ 9 ! heav5ly h\ses ( ! gods4 #ada ,"s ,mahom$ans believe t an angel call$ ,mekail has control ov] ! ra94 ,to cause a fall ( ra9 ,mekail /rikes ! cl\ds ) a :ip ( lightn+4 ,! cl\ds !n utt] a cry1 & ?is is ! cause ( ?und]4 #adb ,"s p ( ! ,?na ,di/rict believe t !re are big /ones 9 ! sky :i* /rike aga9/ ea* o!r ow+ to ! =ce ( ! w9d1 & produce ?und]4 ,! da%+ ( ^! /ones aga9/ ea* o!r also g5]ates lightn+4 #adc ,9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict x is believ$ t ?und] is ! milit>y b& ( ! k+ ( cl\ds & lightn+ is 8 bann]4 #add ,lightn+ is said to be produc$ by ! fight+ ( cele/ial elephants2 :ile ?und] is he>d :5 !y p\r out wat]4 #ade ,"s p ?9k t ?und] is ! noise ( ! feet ( ! elephants 7cl\ds7 t give ra92 lightn+ is also said to be g5]at$ f _! foot fall4 #adf ,! cl\ds are suppos$ to be ! mess5g]s ( gods1 lightn+ be+ ! manife/ation ( ,div9e p[]4 ,! gods are said to conf9e ^! mess5g]s f ! nak%atra ( ,ardra to ! nak%atra ( ,ha/i1 9 :i* latt] nak%atra !y aga9 beg9 to ro>4 #adg ,?und] is suppos$ to take place :5 ! god ,indra draws 8 b[2 :ile lightn+ is said to be produc$ :5 ! same god /rikes 8 adamant aga9/ a m\nta94 #adh ,9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict x is believ$ t e>?quake occurs :5ev] ! ?\s& head$ ,%e%a %akes its head4 #adi ,x is said t at "o "t a demon nam$ ,gaysur became v tr\blesome1 & all ! gods held him d[n by /&+ on 8 body4 ,!reupon ! demon reque/$ all ! gods to rema9 on 8 body = ev]4 ,occasionally ?is ,gaysur %akes 8 body & ?is causes ! e>?quake4 #aej ,"s p believe t ! e>? trembles ( its own accord :5 s9s accumulate ^u x4 #aea ,o!rs hold t ! e>?quake takes place 9 ! holl[ p>ts ( ! e>?4 #aeb ,"s p1 h[ev]1 believe t s9ce ! e>? floats ^u wat]1 x naturally quakes at times4 #aec ,! ,h9dus be+ elem5t wor%ipp]s naturally hold 9 rev]5ce c]ta9 riv]s1 ponds1 etc4 ,9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! spr+ at ,rjpur1 call$ ! ,rjpur*i ,ganga is consid]$ v sacr$4 ,x fl[s f ! roots ( a ,banyan tree4 ,!re are fifte5 ,kundas or ponds1 & ! pr9cipal ,kunda always rema9s fill$ ) wat]4 ,on occasions a big jtra fair is held & p f di/ant places come to ba! & wor%ip at ! spr+4 #aed ,"s p believe t _m ( ! lakes1 spr+s1 etc41 situat$ 9 ! ,kolhpur ,/ate are sacr$4 #aee ,a spr+ or rivulet t fl[s to ! ea/ is consid]$ specially sacr$4 ,x is call$ a ,surya-,vansi spr+1 & x is consid]$ m]itori\s to ba! 9 x4 #aef ,9 ! village ( ,kunkauli 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict if a p]son is bitt5 by a snake or o!r poison\s reptile1 no m$ic9e is adm9i/]$ to him1 b holy wat] br\ght f ! temple ( ! village goddess is giv5 to him to dr9k1 & x is said t ! pati5t is ?us cur$4 #aeg ,! wat] fall at ,m>al ne> ,dev>kuha1 :]e ! riv] ,bn takes its rise1 is held sacr$4 #aeh ,at ,%ivam 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! p use ! tir?a ( a deity z m$ic9e = diseases due to poison4 ,!y say t x is ! sole rem$y !y apply 9 su* cases4 #aei ,!re are ponds at ,manora 9 ! ,goa ,/ate1 & ,vetore 9 ! ,svantwdi ,/ate1 ! wat] ( :i* is us$ z m$ic9e = ! cure ( p]sons suff]+ f ! poison ( snakes1 mice1 spid]s1 & scorpions4 #afj ,:5 a well is dug1 ! p call a ,brhman prie/ to consecrate x4 ,! ,brhman takes c['s ur9e1 milk1 curds1 ghi1 s&al pa/e1 fl[]s1 basil leaves1 & rice1 & mixes !m ) wat]1 & aft] repeat+ sacr$ mantras ov] ! wat]1 ?r[s ! mixture into ! well4 ,aft] ?is c]emony1 ! p are at lib]ty to dr9k wat] f ! well4 #afa ,be=e a well is dug1 an exp]t is consult$ to asc]ta9 ! place :]e a spr+ fl[s4 ,a well is !n dug1 aft] (f]+ a sacrifice to ! spirits & deities t happ5 to dwell at t spot4 ,a d9n] is giv5 to ,brhmans aft] ! well is built4 #afb ,a gold5 c[ is (t5 ?r[n into a newly built well z an (f]+ to ! wat] deities4 #afc ,!re is a well at ,m&angad1 ! wat] ( :i* s]ves z m$ic9e to cure ! poison ( snakes & o!r reptiles4 #afd ,x is believ$ t !re is a class ( wick$ wat] nymphs call$ ,as> :o g5]ally dwell 9 wells1 ponds1 or riv]s1 f> f ! habitation ( m54 ,:5ev] ^! nymphs come across a lonely man or woman ent]+ a well1 pond1 etc41 !y c>ry t p]son "u wat]4 ,! village ( ,mi?bv 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict is a well-kn[n resort ( ^! ,as>s1 & _m in/ances are giv5 by ! villag]s ( p]sons be+ dr[n$ & c>ri$ (f 9 ! riv] by ^! wick$ nymphs4 ,a tank 9 ! village ( ,h9dalem 9 ! same di/rict has a simil> reputation4 #afe ,! p ( ! ,konkan believe t wat] nymphs are sometimes se5 9 ! =m ( wom5 ne> wells1 riv]s1 & ponds4 #aff ,"s say t ! wat] nymphs & wat] spirits conf] objects desir$ by wor%ipp]s if !y are propitiat$ by pray]s4 #afg ,!re are sev5 kundas1 ponds1 at ,nirmal 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 =m+ a l>ge lake4 ,?is lake is said to h be5 =m$ f ! blood ( ! demon ,vimalsur4 ,at ,%hpur !re is a holy spr+ ( hot wat] "u a ,pipal tree4 ,x is call$ ,ganga4 #afh ,!re are kundas1 pools1 ( hot wat] 9 ! ,vait>na riv] 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 9 :i* p ba! on ! #ac? day ( ! d>k half ( ,*aitra4 #afi ,!re are also spr+s ( hot wat] on ! bank ( ! ,surya riv] at ,vajre%v>i & at ,kokn]e1 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict4 #agj ,a h&ful ( corn1 if ?r[n into ! hot wat] kundas at ,tung>1 is said to be boil$ at once4 #aga ,x is held holy to ba! 9 ! kundas ( hot wat] t are situat$ 9 ! riv]s ,tnsa & ,bnganga 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict4 #agb ,! wat] ( a well :i* is drawn )\t t\*+ ! e>? or )\t be+ plac$ ^u ! gr\nd is giv5 z m$ic9e = indige/ion4 ,simil>ly ! wat] ( sev5 tanks1 or at lea/ ( "o pond1 9 :i* lotuses gr[ is said to *eck ! virul5ce ( measles1 small-pox1 etc4 #agc ,a ba? 9 a c]ta9 tank 9 ! ,mahim taluka is said to cure p]sons suff]+ f ! it*1 & wat] purifi$ by repeat+ incantations ov] x is also said to be a good rem$y = ! same disease4 #agd ,! wat] ( a tank or a well is suppos$ to be :olesome to a p]son ( indiff]5t heal?1 if giv5 to him to dr9k )\t plac+ x ^u ! gr\nd4 #age ,"s p believe t ! wat] ( ! ,ganges is s holy & p[]ful t if b[s are ?r[n into x !y are in/antly r$uc$ to p[d]4 #agf ,! repair ( lakes1 c>avans]ais1 temples1 etc41 is held m m]itori\s ?an _! actual erection4 #agg ,x is enjo9$ ^u a man to p]=m a c]ta9 rite if he wi%es to rel9qui% 8 "r ( own]%ip ov] a well or tank1 & aft] ?is rite is p]=m$1 x c be utiliz$ = public purposes4 ,b no c]emony is requir$ to be p]=m$ if a well is dug = ! b5efit ( ! public4 #agh ,! p ( ! ,?na ,di/rict believe t wat] nymphs reside 9 e res]voir ( wat]4 #agi ,"s p1 h[ev]1 believe t ! wat] nymphs dwell 9 ^? lakes 9 :i* lotuses gr[4 ,^! nymphs are said to d h>m to *ildr5 & "y wom51 especially :5 !y set out = a walk accompani$ by _! bro!r ,gavala4 ,!y are unusually dang]\s4 #ahj ,! p wor%ip ! images ( ! foll[+ sev5 wat] nymphs or aps>as1 viz41 ,ma*hi1 ,kurmi1 ,k>kati1 ,d>duri1 ,jatupi1 ,somapa & ,mak>i4 #aha ,! foll[+ places are said to be inhabit$ by wat] spirits3--! *annel ( ,kalamba1 ! tanks ( ,sop>a & ,ut>atal & ! lake call$ ,tambra-tir?a at ,basse9 #ahb4 ,wat] nymphs are suppos$ to dr[n a p]son :o tries to save ano!r fall5 into wat]4 #ahc ,a species ( small m5 nam$ ,uda1 o!rwise call$ wat]-spirits1 are said to dwell 9 wat] & subsi/ on fi%es4 #ahd ,! spirits call$ ,khais & ,mha%ya are suppos$ to reside 9 wat]4 #ahe ,! riv] ,svitri 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict takes its rise ne> ,mahbale%w> & is consid]$ v sacr$4 ,! foll[+ tradition>y acc\nt is giv5 ( its orig94 ,! god ,brahma _h two wives1 ,svitri & ,gyatri4 ,a dispute hav+ aris5 betwe5 !m1 !y bo? jump$ ov] a precipice4 ,svitri assum$ ! =m ( a riv] & fell into ! sea ne> ,bnkot4 ,gyatri1 on ! o!r h&1 conceal$ h]self 9 ! riv] ,svitri & manife/$ h]self z a spr+ ne> ,h>ih>e%w> 9 ! ,janjira ,/ate4 #ahf ,a man is said to be releas$ f re-bir? if he takes a ba? 9 ! kund 7pond7 nam$ ,katkale-tir?a ne> ,nsik4 #ahg ,b[s are said to be r$uc$ to p[d] if ?r[n into a c]ta9 kund at ,uddh>-,rme%w> 9 ! ,sudhagad taluka4 #ahh ,kupots>ga is def9$ to be ! digg+ ( a well = ! b5efit ( ! public & ab&on+ "o's "r ( own]%ip ov] x4 #ahi ,a pond ne> ,khopoli 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict is held v sacr$4 ,! foll[+ /ory is relat$ 9 connection ) x4 ,! villag]s say t ! wat] nymphs 9 ! pond us$ to provide pots = m>riage fe/ivities if a writt5 application 7 made to !m a day previ\s to ! w$d+4 ,! pots 71 h[ev]1 requir$ to be return$ )9 a limit$ "t4 ,b "o man hav+ fail$ to comply ) ?is condition1 !y h ceas$ to l5d pots4 ,ano!r int]e/+ /ory is associat$ ) ! same pond4 ,x is z foll[s4 ,a man _h fall5 into ! pond & 0 tak5 to ! abode ( ! nymphs4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 return$ by !m aft] a few days on ! und]/&+ t he w\ld be recall$ if he spoke ( :at he _h se5 !re4 ,"o day he communicat$ to ! p ! good ?+s t he enjoy$ !re1 & to ! surprise ( all he 0 f\nd dead imm$iately aft]4 #aij ,wat] nymphs are said to reside 9 a pond at ,v>sai 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict4 ,consequ5tly p]sons t are held unclean1 e4g41 wom5 9 _! mon?ly c\rse1 etc41 are n all[$ to t\* x4 ,! nymphs ( ! same lake 7 once said to l5d pots on fe/ive occasions4 #aia ,x is said t ! wat] nymphs us$ to provide ornam5ts = m>riage & o!r c]emonies1 if return$ )9 a prescrib$ p]iod4 ,b "s p hav+ fail$ to return !m1 !y ceas$ to l5d !m4 #aib ,a _s call$ ,girha is suppos$ to reside 9 wat]4 ,x is said to make mis*ief ) man 9 a v>iety ( ways by entic+ him into deep wat]4 #aic ,! ,jakr9 is said to be a deity resid+ 9 wat]4 #aid ,p]sons dr[n$ 9 wat] are believ$ to become wat]-spirits1 & to tr\ble innoc5t pass]s-by4 #aie ,a m\nta9 ne> ! village ,pule1 9 ! di/rict ( ,ratngiri is held sacr$ on acc\nt ( ! resid5ce ( ! god ,ganpati at t place4 ,= ?is reason p walk r\nd ! m\nta9 & wor%ip x4 ,tradition says t ,ganpati 0 at fir/ at ,gule 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 b on acc\nt ( ! sanctity ( ! place be+ violat$ by "s wick$ p]sons ! god transf]r$ 8 resid5ce to ,pule4 ,at ,gule !re is /ill a v beautiful temple ( ,ganpati1 ?\gh x is n[ 9 a dilapidat$ condition4 #aif ,! cave ( ! sage ,mu*-kund ne> ,ma*al on ! ,sahydri m\nta9 is consid]$ sacr$4 ,9 ! ,konkan x is n held s9ful to asc5d a m\nta9 or a hill1 ?\gh to sit ^u its summit is consid]$ s9ful4 #aig ,! hill ( ,mirya ne> ,ratngiri is consid]$ sacr$4 ,?is hill is believ$ to be a p>ticle 7miri7 ( ! my?ological m\nta9 ,dronagiri4 #aih ,a hill ne> ,dhrvi 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict is consecrat$ by ! temple ( a goddess ^u ! top4 ,?is goddess is said to pres]ve %ips at sea1 & p are occasionally possess$ by h]4 ,x is said t a ,roman ,ca?olic prie/ met in/antane\s dea? on hav+ insult$ h]4 #aii ,! hill ( ,mahlak%mi 9 ! ,dahnu tluka is held sacr$4 ,! villag]s consid] x dang]\s to asc5d ?is hill4 #bjj ,on ! hill ( ! same "n is a temple ( ! goddess ,jivadhani1 :o is said to pres]ve *ildr5 f small-pox4 ,! foll[+ /ory is told 9 connection ) ! goddess4 ,a p]son 9 ne$ ( money us$ to place be=e h] image z l>ge a heap ( fl[]s z he want$ gold1 /at+ t he w\ld return ! gold :5 he _h done ) x4 ,he us$ !n to g home & return on an appo9t$ day = ! gold1 :i* 0 sure to be f\nd :]e he _h plac$ ! heap ( fl[]s4 ,once a man fail$ to return ! gold1 & !nce=? ! goddess )held h] b\nty4 ,!re is no door to ! temple ( ?is goddess4 ,x is only ?r\gh a hole 9 a big /one t "o c h a view ( h] image4 ,sweet sc5t is said to be cont9ually emitt$ f ?is hole4 ,! goddess is said to h fa/5$ ! door ( h] temple = ! foll[+ reason4 ,"o day ! goddess 0 walk+ at ! foot ( ! hill at night4 ,a c[h]d :o happ5$ to be !re 0 bewit*$ by h] mat*less beauty & fell a prey to evil desire4 ,he pursu$ h] to ! top ( ! hill1 :5 ! goddess1 div9+ 8 motive1 fa/5$ ! door ( h] temple ) a prodigi\s /one4 ,on ! same hill is a cattle %$ 9 :i* fre% c[-dung is said to be always f\nd4 ,?is place be+ inaccessible to c[s & o!r quadrup$s1 ! p believe t ! goddess keeps a c[ ( h] own4 #bja ,! hill ( ,tung> is consecrat$ by ! temple ( a c]ta9 goddess ^u x4 ,!re is also a v fam\s hill ne> ,arnla1 call$ ! hill ( ,buddha4 ,?is hill 0 once ! seat ( a k+ belong+ to ! weav] ca/e4 ,rec5tly a pond 0 discov]$ ^u x1 9 :i* 0 f\nd a /one-box conta9+ a begg+-pot & a diamond4 ,a great fair is held annually on ! hill ( ,motmvali ne> ,b&ra 9 ! ,?na di/rict4 ,! devotees ( ! deity are ,h9dus1 ,p>sis1 & ,*ri/ians4 ,x is said ?is goddess 0 once wor%ipp$ by ,h9dus only4 ,a ,brhman is ! pujri ( ! ,pir on ! hill ( ,bba ,malang ne> ,kalyn4 ,x is said t ! ,pir has decl>$ t no ,moslem pujri %\ld wor%ip him4 ,! ,h9dus & ,moslems wor%ip him alike4 #bjb ,brhmans d n cross ! top ( a m\nta9 )\t /opp+ = a %ort "t be=e asc5d+ ! summit4 #bjc ,at a %ort di/ance f ,*aul 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict is a hill d$icat$ to ! god ,dattatraya1 9 ^: hon\r a great fair is held annually4 ,! foll[+ /ory is told 9 connection ) ?is hill4 ,9 anci5t times a ,brhman us$ to practise au/]ities on ?is hill ne> a ,tulsi plant 7! place on :i* ! pres5t temple /&s74 ,he us$ to sp5d ! :ole day !re1 b return$ home at nightfall4 ,on 8 way home fe>ful sc5es 7 (t5 pres5t$ to him1 & 9 8 dreams he 0 ask$ n to g !re any m4 ,b ! ,brhman 0 obdurate4 ,he p]si/$ 9 8 resolution to practise au/]ities = a numb] ( ye>s1 & at la/ succe$$ 9 obta9+ a p]sonal int]view ) ! god ,dattatraya1 :o comm&$ him to b[ d[n to 8 feet 7pduka74 ,f t "t pi\s m5 live on ?is hill & (f] _! pray]s to ! god ,dattatraya4 ,ne>ly f\r hundr$ /eps h be5 con/ruct$ = ! asc5t ( ?is hill1 & additional /eps are be+ built e ye>4 ,"h also are "s spr+s ( pure wat]4 ,x is wor? :ile to note t ! pujri ( ?is god is a ,%udra by ca/e4 #bjd ,on ! nor?-ea/ side ( ! hill d$icat$ to ! god ,dattatraya /&s ! temple ( ! goddess ,h+lj4 ,to ! nor? ( ?is temple are f\r caves1 :ile to ! we/ is a deep d5 resembl+ a well1 ?r\gh :i* a lane appe>s to h be5 dug4 ,?is is said to be ! road excavat$ by ! ,pndavas to enable !m to g to ,ksi4 #bje ,at a di/ance ( two miles f ,akla 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict is a hill call$ ,mallikrjun4 ,?is is said to be a small /one fall5 f ! my?ological m\nta9 ,dronagiri4 ,?is hill is said to conta9 _m m$ical h]bs4 #bjf ,! hill at ,kanke%w> ne> ,alibg is held sacr$1 & tradition says t 9 anci5t times x _h gold5 du/ ^u x4 #bjg ,a cave at ,ambivali ne> ,k>jat 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict consi/s ( sev5 rooms1 "o ( :i* is spaci\s en\gh to accommodate five hundr$ p]sons4 ,9 ! same taluka !re is ano!r cave at ,kondhavane4 #bjh ,! gods ,indra & ,v>una are suppos$ to s5d ra92 b x is believ$ t ! god ,%iva 9 *ief has ! p[] ( caus+ ! fall ( ra91 & = ?is reason :5ev] !re is a sc>city ( ra9 p p\r wat] ov] ! l+a ( ,%iva until ! :ole l+a is subm]g$4 #bji ,9 ord] t !re %\ld be a fall ( ra91 "s p besme> ! l+a ( ! god ,%iva ) cook$ rice & curds4 #baj ,9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 :5ev] !re is a sc>city ( ra91 p g to ! place kn[n z ,p>a%urm ,k%etra1 & !re pray to ! god ,p>a%urm to s5d ra94 #baa ,sacrifices are also (f]$ to ,indra1 ! god ( ra91 9 ord] t !re %\ld be pl5ty ( ra94 ,"s believe t !re are c]ta9 mantris or en*ant]s :o by ! p[] ( _! mantras are able to prev5t ! fall ( ra94 #bab ,9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! foll[+ c]emony is p]=m$ by ! l[] ca/es su* z ,kunbis1 etc41 to av]t dr\ght4 ,all ! male villag]s assemble toge!r at an appo9t$ place1 & !re !y select "o ( !m z _! ,g[ala-deva4 ,all ( !m !n g ab\t 9 ! village f h\se to h\se4 ,! own] ( e h\se spr9kles wat] ov] ! assembly1 & curds & butt]-milk ov] ! body ( ! ,g[ala-deva4 ,!y are also giv5 "s %idha consi/+ ( rice1 pulse1 vegetables1 etc4 ,aft] visit+ mo/ ( ! h\ses 9 ! village1 ! assembly head$ by ! ,g[ala-deva g to ! bank ( a riv]4 ,"h !y cook ! food1 (f] x fir/ to ! ,g[ala-deva & !n p>take ( ! rema9d] z a prasd f ! ,g[ala-deva4 #bac ,"s p make an image ( ! sage ,%r+>i%i = ! purpose ( caus+ ! fall ( ra94 #bad ,o!rs make an image ( ,dhondal-deva 9 ord] t !re %\ld be pl5ty ( ra94 #bae ,sometimes p repeat mantras address$ to ,p>janya 7ra97 s t ra9 %\ld fall4 #baf ,! goddess ,nava*&ika is wor%ipp$ 9 ord] t !re %\ld be ra94 ,! ,kunbis p]=m a peculi> rite = *eck+ ! fall ( ra94 ,!y ask a p]son born 9 ! mon?s ( ,jye%?a1 ,a%dh1 ,%rvan or ,bhdrapad to fet* "s ra9-wat] 9 an alu leaf1 & ?is is fa/5$ to ! eaves ( ?at*$ h\ses by means ( a /r+4 ,note t1 if ?is rite is to be p]=m$ 9 ! mon? ( ,jye%?a1 a p]son born 9 t mon? only is requir$ & no o!r2 & s =?4 #bag ,9 ord] to *eck an excessive fall ( ra9 ! villag]s sometimes ask a boy to take (f 8 clo!s & !n to cat* ra9wat] 9 ! leaves ( ! alu plant4 ,! leaves conta9+ ! wat] are !n ti$ to ! eaves ( ! h\se4 #bah ,! p say t dur+ ! rule ( ! ,pe%ws !re 0 a class ( mantris :o _h ! p[] ( caus+ a failure ( ra94 #bai ,to *eck ! fall ( ra91 "s p ask nak$ boys to ?r[ burn+ coals into ! ra9 wat]4 #bbj ,irale 7a protection aga9/ ra91 made ( ! leaves ( trees7 is kept 9 ! ra9 upside d[n1 ! goddess ,holika is wor%ipp$1 ! b\ghs ( ! ,avali tree are convey$ to a place :]e f\r roads meet & /ones are heap$ ov] x1 & eaves ( ?at*$ h\ses are beat5 by boys :o d n we> clo!s1 all ^! be+ done by ! villag]s ) a view to prev5t+ an excessive fall ( ra94 #bba ,! p ( ! ,?na ,di/rict believe t di/9ct deities preside ov] di/9ct seasons1 e4g41 ,m>s presides ov] ! spr+ 7,vasant71 ,v5us ov] summ] 7,gri%ma71 ! moon ov] autumn 7,v>%a71 ,m]cury ov] %>at1 ,saturn ov] w9t] 7,hemant & ,%i%ir74 #bbb ,:5 ! p are 9 ne$ ( ra9 !y say to ! god ( ra9 ,let u h pl5ty ( ra9 to-morr[ & we w give !e1 ,oh6 ,god ( ra96 rice mix$ ) curd4 ,! same (f] is made to ! god ( ra9 ev5 :5 !y d n want x4 ,9 ord] t !re %\ld be no sc>city ( ra91 "s p p]=m ! rites ( ,laghu-rudra & ,mah-rudra4 #bbc ,! foll[+ measure if adopt$ is said to cause ra94 ,! villag]s g f h\se to h\se ) b\ghs ( ! ,limb tree on _! heads1 & wat] is !n p\r$ ^u !m by ! inmates4 #bbd ,! fall ( ra9 is suppos$ to cease if a p]son born 9 ! mon? ( ,flgun ext+ui%es burn+ coals 9 ra9wat] :5 8 g>m5ts h be5 remov$4 #bbe ,"s /ones are suppos$ to h influ5ce ov] ra9 fall4 ,!re is a big /one at ,v>asai 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict on :i* are drawn c]ta9 images4 ,! p believe t x ra9s h>d if ?is /one is held /raight1 & !n swung to & fro4 #bbf ,"s p p]=m ! foll[+ rite kn[n z ! ,dhondilgajya4 ,!y ask a p]son ( ! ,kaikdi or ,vad> ca/e to rema9 nak$ & break ! /r+ r\nd 8 wai/4 ,a small image ( black e>? is made & plac$ ^u 8 head4 ,! boy !n conveys ! image f h\se to h\se 9 ! village4 ,a woman 9 ea* h\se spr9kles wat] ov] ! image :ile ! boy dances say+ ,dhondil gajya1 ,pu gajya4 ,x is believ$ t x ra9s 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! wat] spr9kl$ falls4 ,a p]son :o accompanies ! boy ga!rs corn at e h\se4 ,a d9n] is !n prep>$1 & ! p ( ! ca/e to :i* ! boy belongs1 p>take ( x he>tily4 ,x is also said t mak+ wat] 9 a /&+ po/ure causes ! fall ( ra94 #bbg ,! god ,rme%w> at ,*aul 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict is said to h control ov] ra94 ,9 ! temple ( ?is god !re is a p>janya-kund 7pond7 :i* is op5$ aft] p]=m+ a sacr$ rite1 if !re be a sc>city ( ra94 ,!re are also o!r kundas 9 ! temple1 viz41 ,vyu-kund & ,agni-kund1 b no occasion has yet aris5 to op5 !m4 #bbh ,"s p believe t ! god ,agni regulates ! seasons #bbi4 ,eaves ( ?at*$ h\ses are cleans$ ) a bru% made f ! leaves ( cocoanut trees 9 ord] t a fall ( ra9 %\ld be prev5t$4 #bcj ,! c]emonies ( ,h>itlika1 ,ri%i-,pan*ami1 ,vata-,svitri1 ,van-,%a/hi1 ,mangal-,g\ri1 ,%ital-,saptami are to be p]=m$ by wom5 alone4 #bca ,simil>ly1 ! c]emonies ( ,mahlak%mi1 ,vasubras1 ,%iva-mu?a1 & a rite on ! ,mak> ,sankrant day are p]=m$ by wom5 exclusively4 #bcb ,! rite ( ,ri%i-,pan*ami is p]=m$ on ! #e? day ( ! bright-half ( ,bhdrapad to make am5ds = s9s committ$ )\t k4 ,on ?is day wom5 g to a riv]1 a well1 or "s o!r sacr$ place1 cleanse _! tee? ) ! leaves ( ! ,aghda plant1 & take ba?s ) some?+ on ! head4 ,!y !n take "s /ones f t place & wor%ip !m z ,ri%is4 ,on ! conclusion ( ! wor%ip1 !y p>take ( fruits4 ,on ! ,vrata-,svitri day wom5 wor%ip a banyan tree or its b\ghs4 ,! c]emony falls on ! #ae? day ( ! bright half ( ,jye%?a4 #bcc ,on ! ,h>itlika day1 i4e41 ! #crd day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapad1 wom5 make images ( e>? ( ,prvati & h] two fri5ds & wor%ip !m & fa/ ! :ole day4 ,! obs]vance ( ?is rite contributes to _! good =tune4 ,ev5 girls ( t5d] ye>s obs]ve ?is fa/4 ,! wor%ip ( ,mangal-,gauri is a c]emony p]=m$ by m>ri$ girls = five successive ye>s on e ,tuesday ( ! mon? ( ,%rvan4 ,simil>ly1 ! goddess ,mahlak%mi is wor%ipp$ on ! #h? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v94 ,on ! ,mak> ,sankrnt day wom5 wor%ip a sugad #bcd & pres5t x to a ,brhman4 #bce ,! ,%iva-mu?a consi/s ( a h&ful ( corn (f]$ to ! god ,%iva by m>ri$ girls on e ,monday 9 ! mon? ( ,%rvan4 #bcf ,! wor%ip ( ,%adan&a & ! ,holika ,devi & ! c]emonies ( ,%rvani1 ,%rddha & ,antye/i are p]=m$ by m5 alone4 #bcg ,9 "s families ( non-,brhmans on a p>ticul> day1 especially on ! full-moon day ( ,a%v91 ! ho/ & ! ho/ess put (f _! clo!s & p]=m c]ta9 family rites4 #bch ,! wom5 ( ! ,?na ,di/rict fa/ ! :ole day on ! #ab? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%v94 ,at night !y wor%ip a c[1 give 9 *>ity a calf1 & !n take _! meal4 ,x is to be not$ t ?is c]emony call$ ! ,vasu-dwdasi is p]=m$ by wom5 :o h *ildr54 ,on ! ,h>itlika day "s wom5 live on ! leaves ( a ,rui tree4 #bci ,on ! ,somavati-,amvsya day wom5 wor%ip a ,pipal tree & (f] x a hundr$ & eight ?+s ( "o k9d4 #bdj ,wom5 desir\s ( hav+ a son p]=m a c]ta9 rite at midnight1 )\t clo?+4 #bda ,if "o wi%es to h a son1 "o has to g ?r\gh a c]emony call$ ! ,hanumn 9 a nak$ /ate4 #bdb ,! god ,klbhairav is wor%ipp$ by a nak$ p]son on ! ,n>ka-,*a?urdasi day 7#ad? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%v974 ,^? le>n+ ! d>k lore1 e4g41 mu? mrane1 are also requir$ to rema9 nak$ :ile /udy+ x4 ,!y le>n ?is lore on an eclipse day on ! bank ( a riv]4 #bdc ,! rite call$ ,somaya is p]=m$ by ! ho/ :5 8 clo!s are (f 8 body4 ,on a c]ta9 ,monday 9 ! mon? ( ,%rvan a lamp ( :eat fl\r is prep>$ & burn$ by add+ ghi4 ,?is lamp is reg>d$ z a deity1 & is wor%ipp$ solemnly4 ,dur+ ! p]=mance ( ?is c]emony z well z ! prep>ation ( ! requisite food1 ! ho/ & ! ho/ess are requir$ to rema9 nak$4 #bdd ,! ,swayambhu 7un>tificial7 l+a ( ! god ,%iva is suppos$ to h influ5ce ov] ! fall ( ra94 #bde ,! p ( ! ,?na ,di/rict believe t ! foll[+ c]emony causes a fall ( ra94 ,/ones are tak5 out ( a pool & wor%ipp$4 ,!y are !n c>ri$ to e h\se 9 ! village1 & wat] is p\r$ ^u !m by ! inmates4 #bdf ,!re is a temple ( ! god ( cl\ds at ,viran? 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict4 #bdg ,! appe>ance ( a comet is reg>d$ by ! ,h9dus z symptomatic ( a com+ evil1 e4g41 a big w>1 a great fam9e1 or a t]rible contagi\s disease spread+ itself ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( a c\ntry4 #bdh ,"s p]sons ?9k t comets & %oot+ />s bode evil to ! k+4 #bdi ,:5ev] a great p]son or a v holy man is ab\t to be born1 x is believ$ t he alights on ! e>? 9 ! %ape ( a %oot+ />4 ,sometimes a big /> falls on ! e>?1 & !reby a noise l t ( ?und] is produc$4 ,:5 ?is happ5s1 p believe t a great ,rja or a holy sa9t ^: m]it has be5 exhau/$ is go+ to be born on e>?4 #bej ,! foll[+ v]se f ! ,mri*hakatika ,ntak supports ! view 9 accordance ) :i* or?odox p 9 ! ,konkan avoid look+ at %oot+ />s3-- ,,indradhanu%ya ,,ani ,,goprasuti ,,nak%atranci ,,adhogati ,,satpuru%anci ,,pranavipatti ,,pahum ,,naye ,,sac>a i4e41 ,! foll[+ f\r ?+s1 viz41 ! ra9b[1 ! fall ( %oot+ />s1 ! deliv]y ( a c[1 & ! dea?-/ruggle ( sa9ts or holy m5 %\ld n be look$ at4 #bea ,x is g5]ally believ$ by ,h9dus t a *ild w imm$iately be born 9 ! h\se t[>ds :i* %oot+ />s are direct$4 #beb ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,h]oic ,,godl+s4 ,9 ! ,konkan ! deities ( ! ,h9dus are divid$ into ! foll[+ five classes1 viz43-- 7#a7 ,! ,grmadevats or ,village deities1 7#b7 ,! ,/hnadevats or ,local deities1 7#c7 ,! ,kuladevats or ,family deities1 7#d7 ,! ,i%tadevats or ,*os5 deities1 & 7#e7 ,! ,w/udevats or ,grihadevats1 t is1 ! class ( deity :i* presides ov] ! h\se & is e/abli%$ at ! "t ( ! h\sew>m+ or ,w/u c]emony4 ,! pr9cipal ,grma-devats are ,hanumn or ,mruti1 ,klika1 ,amba1 ,wghoba1 ,*$oba1 ,mhasoba1 ,bahiroba or ,bhairav1 ,gane%1 ,vira1 ,mhlsa or ,maha ,lak%mi1 ,*munda1 ,vetl1 ,kh&oba ,malhri ,jogi1 ,bhawni1 & ,wge%w>i & ,%iva4 ,9 mo/ villages ! *ief village god is ,mruti or ,hanumn1 ^: temple is situat$ at ! entrance ( ! village4 ,mruti is consid]$ to be an avatr or inc>nation ( ,%iva1 & is held 9 great rev]5ce by all classes4 ,a fe/ival or jatra is held 9 hon\r ( ,hanumn on ! bright half ( ! mon? ( ,*aitra4 ,on ?is occasion ! temple is decorat$ ) ev]-gre5s1 & fl[]s1 ! /one image ( ! god is newly pa9t$ or cov]$ ) r$ lead & oil1 & g>l&s ( ! ,rui 7,gigantic snake wort7 fl[]s are plac$ r\nd ! neck ( ! image1 cocoanuts1 planta9s1 betelnuts & leaves are (f]$ to ! god1 camphor is light$ & wav$ r\nd ! image1 inc5se is burnt1 cook$ food & sweets are (f]$1 & money pres5ts are made4 ,e wor%ipp] br+s ) him "s oil1 r$-lead or ,c5dur1 a cocoanut1 a vid-supri1 i4e41 two betel leaves1 "o betelnut & a copp] co91 & a g>l& ( ,rui fl[]s4 ,^! are giv5 to ! temple m9i/rant1 :o (f]s a "p ( ! oil & r$ lead to ! deity1 places ! g>l& r\nd ! deity's neck1 &1 break+ ! cocoanut into pieces1 gives a piece or two to ! devotee z ! prasd or fav\r$ gift ( ! deity4 ,saturday is ! sacr$ day ( ! monkey god ,mruti4 ,e ,saturday fre% oil & r$ lead are (f]$ to ! god by ! devotees4 ,! ,pujris 9 mo/ ( ! temples ( ,mruti are ,guravs1 ,ghdis1 ,m>?s or ,gosvis4 ,e ,saturday 9 ! mon? ( ,%rvan 7,augu/71 call$ ! ,sampat ,%aniwr or ! weal?-giv+ ,saturday a special puja or wor%ip is p]=m$ 9 ! temples ( ,mruti 9 ,bombay z well z 9 ! ,konkan4 ,on ?is day p fa/ ! :ole day & d9e 9 ! ev5+1 aft] (f]+ ! god ,hanumn or ,mruti a prep>ation ( rice & pulse call$ khi*adi & cakes made ( udid fl\r call$ vade4 #bec ,!re is no village 9 ! ,konkan :i* has n ! hon\r ( hav+ a temple ( ! god ,mruti4 ,mruti is suppos$ to gu>d ! village aga9/ evils ( all k9ds4 ,c>e is !re=e tak5 to build ! temple ( ,mruti at ! outskirts ( ! village4 #bed ,!re is a tradition t at ! "t ( leav+ ! ,d&aka =e/ 7! pres5t ,mahr%tra71 ,rma ask$ ,mruti to reside !re94 ,x is = ?is reason1 ! p say1 t e village 9 ! ,konkan & on ! ,ghts has a temple ( ,mruti4 #bee ,! god ,mruti is wor%ipp$ 9 ! village ( ,ws9d on ,tuesdays & ,saturdays4 #bef ,9 =m] days x 0 cu/om>y to e/abli% an image ( ! god ,mruti 9 a newly built ca/le or =t4 #beg ,hanumn1 ! son ( ,anjani & ! w9d or ,mrut1 is kn[n = 8 loyalty to 8 ma/] & = 8 brav]y4 ,9 days gone by he utiliz$ 8 /r5g? = ! protection ( ,sa9ts1 ,ri%is1 ,brhmans & c[s1 & = ?is m]it he 0 elevat$ to ! rank ( a ,h9du god4 ,e ,h9du village or locality is suppos$ to possess at lea/ "o temple ( ! god ,mruti1 & 9 ,mahr%tra ,mruti is ! gu>dian ( e village4 ,he is a ,brahma*ri1 or ba*elor & is "o ( ! sev5 h]oes :o are believ$ to be *iranjvis or immortals4 #beh ,mruti is suppos$ to be ! orig9ator ( ! ,mantra-,%/ra1 by ! /udy & repetition ( :i* "o obta9s /r5g? & sup]human p[]4 ,wom5 desir\s ( gett+ *ildr5 g to ! temple ( ,mruti1 & !re burn be=e 8 image lamps made ( :eat fl\r & fill$ ) ghi4 ,! image ( ,hanumn is repres5t$ 9 temples 9 two ways1 t is 7#a7 ,vra ,hanumn or ,w>rior ,hanumn1 7#b7 ,dsa-,hanumn or s]vant ,hanumn4 ,! =m] is f\nd 9 a temple consecrat$ to ! wor%ip ( ! god ,hanumn alone1 :]eas ! latt] is f\nd 9 a temple d$icat$ to ! wor%ip ( ! god ,rma4 #bei ,s9ce ,mruti is ! god ( /r5g?1 gymna/s tie an image ( ,mruti to _! wri/s1 & !y also consecrate an image ( ,mruti 9 _! gymnasiums4 ,! numb] elev5 is said to be de> & sacr$ to him because he is believ$ to be an inc>nation ( ! elev5 ,rudras4 ,! bir? day ( ! god ,mruti :i* falls on ! #ae? ( ! bright half ( ,*aitra1 call$ ! ,hanumn ,jayanti day1 is celebrat$ 9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict ) great rev]5ce4 ,^? :o wi% to h a son draw ! figure ( ,mruti on a wall 9 r$-lead1 & wor%ip x daily ) s&al pa/e1 fl[]s & g>l&s ( ,rui4 ,o!rs burn lamps made ( :eat fl\r be=e ! image ( ! god4 ,p]sons :o are "u ! evil influ5ce ( ! planets1 & especially ( ! planet ,saturn1 wor%ip ! god ,hanumn on ,saturdays 9 ord] to propitiate ! planets4 ,on ?is day !y make wrea?s ( ! leaves & fl[]s ( ! ,rui plant & adorn 8 neck ) !m4 ,!y also (f] him udid 7,phaseolus radiatus7 & salt4 ,! /ory told ( ,mruti is t ,anjani 8 "m pleas$ ! god ,%iva ) h] p5ance1 & :5 ! god ask$ h] to claim a boon1 %e reque/$ t ,%iva himself %\ld be born z h] son4 ,%iva !re=e took bir? 9 h] womb & manife/$ himself z ,hanumn or ,mruti #bfj4 ,! ,local deities are g5]ally f\nd 9 special localities or sacr$ places call$ ,k%etras or ,punya /hnas4 ,?us ! god ,rma at ,nsik1 ,vi?oba at ,p&h>pur1 ,kri%na at ,dwrka1 ,mahlak%mi at ,kolwan1 ,wjre%w>i at ,nirmal 7,?na71 ,mh>loba 9 ! ,ratngiri1 ,%itala devi at ,kelwa ,mhim1 & ,kh&oba or ,kh&]i at ,jejuri4 ,kh&]i is said to be an inc>nation ( ! god ,%iva4 ,kh&]i kill$ ! demon ,mani-,malla :o 0 deva/at+ ! e>?1 & he is !re=e call$ ,mallri or ,malhri4 ,kunbis & l[] class ,h9dus 9 ! ,konkan z well z 9 ! ,deccan occasionally make a v[ to ! god ,kh&oba t if _! desire is fulfill$ !y w (f] _! fir/ born male or female *ild to ! s]vice ( ! god4 ,! male *ild ?us d$icat$ to ,kh&oba is call$ ,wghya & ! female is call$ ,murali4 ,! ,wghya & ,murali d n engage 9 any bus9ess1 b ma9ta9 !mselves by begg+ 9 ! /reets 9 ! "n ( ! god ,kh&]i4 ,?\gh !y are n actually m>ri$1 ! ,wghyas & ,muralis live z husb& & wife1 & _! prog5y are also call$ ,wghyas & ,muralis4 ,!y repeat ! sacr$ cry jai kh&]y*a ,elkot1 & give to p bel-bh&r ( ,kh&]i consi/+ ( ! sacr$ ,bel leaves & turm]ic p[d]4 ,! god ,kh&]i is ! family deity ( "s ,de%a/h ,brhmans1 :o p]=m a family rite call$ ,tali bh>ane on e purnima or full moon day4 ,! rite is z foll[s3-- ,a tali or plate is fill$ ) cocoanuts1 fruits1 betel nuts1 saffron1 turm]ic or bel-bh&r1 etc4 ,!n a pot is fill$ ) wat]1 & on its m\? a cocoanut is plac$4 ,?is cocoanut1 ) ! pot1 is !n wor%ipp$ ) fl[]s1 s&al pa/e1 etc41 a light$ lamp fill$ ) ghi is put 9 ! same place1 & ! tali is wav$ ?rice r\nd ! pot1 :i* is suppos$ to conta9 ! god ,kh&oba4 ,five p]sons !n lift up ! cocoanut ) ! tali & place x ?ree times on ! pot1 repeat+ ea* "t ! words ,elkot or ,kh&e ry*a ,elkot4 ,! cocoanut is !n brok5 into pieces1 mix$ ) sug> or jgri1 & is di/ribut$ among fri5ds & relations z prasd4 ,on ?is occasion1 z well z on ! occasions ( all ,kuladh>mas1 t is1 ! days fix$ = p]=m+ ! special wor%ip ( ! family goddess or family god ( ea* family1 ! c]emony call$ ! ,gondhal dance is p]=m$4 ,on ! same occasion ano!r c]emony call$ ,bodan is p]=m$ by ! ,de%a/hs & by ! ,*itpvans4 ,x is z foll[s3-- ,an image ( ! family deity is plac$ 9 a pot or plate call$ tmhan1 & x is !n ba!d 9 ! pan*mrit1 t is1 ! five holy ?+s1 viz41 milk1 curds1 ghi1 honey & sug>4 ,s&alpa/e is (f]$ to x z well z fl[]s1 light$ lamps & "s sweets & inc5se4 ,five wom5 ^: husb&s are alive !n prep>e five lamps ( :eat fl\r call$ ,kuran&i & wave !m ?rice r\nd ! face ( ! goddess or god1 z ! case may be4 ,all ! limps are !n plac$ 9 ! plate or tmhan 9 :i* ! deity is kept1 & ! pan*mrita & o!r mat]ials ( wor%ip & food & sweet cakes are mix$ toge!r4 ,occasionally "o ( ! five wom5 becomes possess$ ) ! _s ( ! kula-devi or family deity1 & conf]s bless+s on ! memb]s ( ! family = _! devotion4 ,x is believ$ t ^? families :i* fail to p]=m p]iodically ! ,bodan1 ,tali & ,gondhal c]emonies 9 hon\r ( _! tutel>y deity are sure to suff]1 f "s mis=tune or calamity dur+ ! ye>4 #bfa ,! local deities *iefly wor%ipp$ at ,*aul1 ,kolba ,di/rict1 are ,h+lj1 ,jakhmta1 ,bhagawati1 ,*ampwati1 ,mahikwati1 & ,golamba-devi4 ,at ! s[+ & reap+ times1 p ( ! l[] ca/es (f] f[ls & goats to ^! deities1 & ,brhmans (f] cocoanuts4 #bfb ,! local deity ( ! village ,wva%i ne> ,p5 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict is said to possess ! p[] ( av]t+ evil1 & is accord+ly held 9 great respect by ! p ( _m villages 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,e ?ird ye> a great fair is held1 & a buffalo is sacrific$ to ! goddess on ! full moon day ( ! mon? ( ,*aitra4 ,! ,pujri ( ?is goddess is a ,gurav4 #bfc ,ano!r celebrat$ ,/hna-deva 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict is ,bahiri-,somajai ( ,khopoli4 ,x is believ$ t a p]son suff]+ f snake-bite is cur$ )\t any m$ic9e if he simply resides = "o night 9 ! temple ( ?is goddess4 ,sacrifices ( goats1 f[ls & cocoanuts are made to ?is goddess at ! "t ( s[+ & reap+4 ,! ,pujris ( ?is deity are kn[n z ,%+ade ,guravs4 #bfd ,! wor%ip ( ! local deity ,bpdev is mu* 9 fav\r among ! villages ( ,apta & ! surr\nd+ places4 ,at ! times ( s[+ & reap+1 (f]+s ( f[ls1 goats & cocoanuts are made to ,bpdev ?r\gh ! ,pujri4 #bfe ,! wor%ip ( ! local deities ,kolambi1 ,bhawni1 & ,giroba is preval5t 9 ! ,*auk villages4 #bff ,to ! ,grma-devi ( ! village ( ,tale e ?ird ye> a buffalo is sacrific$1 & at an int]val ( two ye>s goats are (f]$4 #bfg ,! deities ,%iva & ,klki are wor%ipp$ ) great rev]5ce at ,bakavali 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict4 #bfh ,9 _m villages ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! goddess ,p&h> is consid]$ to be ! ,gaon-devi or ! *ief goddess ( ! village4 ,! ,pujri is g5]ally a ,gurav or ,m>?a ,kunbi4 ,on e full moon day cocoanuts are (f]$1 & on ! occasions ( s[+ & reap+1 goats & f[ls are sacrific$ to ?is deity4 #bfi ,at ,devgad !re is a temple ( ! goddess ,gajbi on ! sea %ore4 ,! ,pujri ( ?is goddess is a man ( ! ,ghdi ca/e4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! bright half ( ! mon? ( ,mrga%ir% 7,decemb]7 special (f]+s ( goats1 f[ls & cocoanuts are made by ! villag]s4 #bgj ,! deities ,ravaln?1 ,muli1 ,vetl1 ,rme%w> & ,hanumn are usually wor%ipp$ 9 mo/ villages 9 ,ratngiri4 ,! villag]s 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict h great fai? 9 _! local deities1 & be=e und]tak+ any important bus9ess !y obta9 ! cons5t or take ! om5 ( ! deity4 ,?is c]emony is kn[n z kaul ghlne & x is p]=m$ z foll[s3--,two betel nuts or fl[]s are tak5 & "o ( !m is plac$ on ! "r side ( ! deity & ! o!r on ! left side4 ,! wor%ipp] !n b[s be=e ! deity & reque/s h] to let ! nut on ! "r side fall fir/ if ! deity is pleas$ to cons5t1 if n1 to let ! nut on ! left side fall fir/4 ,naturally "o ( ! two nuts falls fir/1 & !y int]pret ?is z ei!r cons5t or diss5t z ! case may be4 ,! villag]s h s mu* fai? 9 ?is kaul t !y make use ( ?is me?od ( div9ation to asc]ta9 :e!r sick or diseas$ p]sons w recov] or die4 ,special sacrifices are (f]$ to ^! local deities :5ev] an epidemic l *ol]a occurs4 #bga ,9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 at _m places1 !re are ,swayambhu or natural l+as ( ! god ,%iva1 & ov] ^! places temples are built4 ,! ,pujris ( ^! temples are g5]ally ,jangams or ,l+ayat ,guravs4 ,no animal sacrifices are made at ^! %r9es4 #bgb ,at a %ort di/ance f ! village ( ,makhamle !re is a temple ( ! god ,%iva call$ ,amnye%w>4 ,! foll[+ leg5d is n>rat$ 9 connection ) ?is temple3--,! place :]e ! pres5t temple /&s once ab\nd$ ) ,amani trees & =m$ a pa/ure = cattle4 ,! c[ ( a c]ta9 man ( ! village daily us$ to g to graze at ?is place4 ,! c[ us$ to give milk twice1 b "o day %e gave milk only once1 & !reaft] %e cont9u$ to give milk only once a day4 ,! own] !re=e ask$ ! ,gavali or c[h]d to asc]ta9 ! cause ( ?is sudd5 *ange4 ,"o day ! c[h]d notic$ t ! c[ all[$ h] milk to drop ^u a /one4 ,at ?is ! c[h]d 0 s enrag$ t he /ruck ! /one ) 8 scy! s h>d t x 0 clov5 9 two & blood gu%$ =?4 ,he hurri$ly repair$ to ! village & relat$ ?is wond]ful ph5om5on to ! p4 ,! villag]s came to ! spot1 & decid$ to build a temple to ! god ,%iva ov] ! /one4 ,"o "p ( ! /one is 9 ?is temple & ! o!r "p 0 tak5 to ! village ( ,kalamburi1 :]e ano!r temple 0 built ov] x4 #bgc ,9 ! ,sangame%w> village ! ,brhmans also wor%ip ! images ( ! local goddesses ,*&uki1 ,jholi & ,sunki4 ,9 ! ,konkan ! deities ,nryan1 ,rawaln?1 ,manli1 ,datta1 ,vetl & ,%iva are wor%ipp$ ev]y:]e4 #bgd ,! foll[+ leg5d is told ab\t ! deity ,vetl1 ! lead] ( ! gho/s3--,9 ! ,svantwdi ,/ate !re is a temple ( ,vetl 9 ! village ( ,ajgaon4 #bge ,z "p ( 8 wor%ip x is consid]$ necess>y to (f] to ?is deity a pair ( %oes e mon?4 ,! p believe t aft] a few days ! %oes become worn out4 ,! inf]5ce drawn f ?is by ! p is t at night ! god ,vetl goes out walk+ 9 ! new %oes4 #bgf ,9 ! village ( ,kh$ 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 a buffalo is (f]$ to ! goddess ,r$ji on ! full moon day ( ,*aitra e ?ird ye>4 #bgg ,at ,nr+re (f]+s ( cocoanuts1 etc4 are made to ! deities ,bhvaki1 ,*ala1 etc4 on ! #a/ ( ! mon? ( ,mrga%ir%a4 #bgh ,! ,s*oolma/] ( ,ibrmpur /ates t "o ( ! foll[+ deities is ! grmadevata ( e village 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict viz43 ,*&ki1 ,v>adhan1 ,khem1 ,bahiri1 ,k$r1 ,vggaya1 ,ant>al1 ,manaya1 ,salbaya & ,vghmb>i4 ,a procession 9 _! hon\r takes place 9 ! mon?s ( ,*aitra & ,flgun4 ,! ,pujris are g5]ally ei!r ,guravs or ,m>?a ,kunbis4 ,a c]emony call$ ,palejatra is p]=m$ 9 ! s[+ season1 :ile ! ,dhal-jatra is p]=m$ at ! h>ve/ "t4 ,at ^! fairs f[ls1 cocoanuts1 goats1 fruits1 etc4 are (f]$ to ^! deities4 #bgi ,at ,mlwan on ! no-moon day ( ,%rvan 7,augu/7 local deities & gho/s are propitiat$ by (f]+ to !m goats1 f[ls1 etc4 #bhj ,at ,plset 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! god ,p>a%urm is ! mo/ important deity especially = ,*itpvans4 ,he ext]m9at$ ! ,k%atriyas tw5ty-"o times1 & hav+ no space = himself & 8 ,brhmans1 he ask$ ! sea to provide him ) new l&4 ,on meet+ ) a refusal1 ,p>a%urm became enrag$ & 0 ab\t to pu% ! sea back ) 8 arr[1 :51 at ! in/igation ( ! sea1 a black-bee 7bhunga7 cut ! /r+ ( 8 b[1 & ! arr[ only w5t a %ort di/ance4 ,! p say t ! space ?us recov]$ f ! sea came to be call$ ,konkan4 #bha ,at ,anj>le !re are two local goddesses ,sawanek>9 & ,bahiri4 ,(f]+s ( goats & f[ls are made to !m 9 ! mon?s ( ,mrga%ir%a 7,decemb]7 & ,flgun 7,m>*74 ,sometimes liquor & eggs are also (f]$4 ,(f]+s c be made on any day except ,monday & ,ekda%i1 ,tuesdays & ,sundays be+ consid]$ mo/ suitable4 #bhb ,at ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ,ravaln? & ,bhutan? are held 9 great rev]5ce4 ,!y are believ$ to be inc>nations ( ! god ,%iva4 ,! ,pujris are g5]ally ,guravs1 ,ghdis1 ,ruls & ,sutrs4 #bhc ,! foll[+ goddesses :i* are popul> 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict are believ$ to be inc>nations ( ! goddess ,durga1 viz4 ,navala-devi1 ,vghur-devi1 ,jakha-devi & ,klki4 #bhd ,at ,m>al 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict !re is a swayambhu or natural l+a ( ! god ,%iva4 ,x is call$ ,mahe%w>1 & 9 its hon\r a fair is held on ! ,sankrnt day4 #bhe ,! *ief local deity ( ! ,dahnu taluka1 ,?na ,di/rict1 is ,mahlak%mi4 ,%e has sev5 si/]s & "o bro!r1 two ( ! si/]s be+ ! ,pangala-devi at ,trpur & ! ,delavadi-devi at ,ghivali4 ,goats & f[ls are (f]$ to ! ,pangala-devi on ! ,das>a day4 ,h] ,pujri is a ,gurav4 ,x is said t ! goddess ,delwadi us$ to receive h] g>m5ts f ! sea1 b n[ ?is is no long] ! case ?\gh x is /ill believ$ t ! inc5se :i* is burnt be=e h] comes float+ f ,dwrka4 #bhf ,9 ! village ( ,edwan !re is a goddess call$ ,a%puri1 :o us$ to supply h] devotees ) :atev] !y want$4 ,! devotee 0 requir$ to besme> ) c[-dung a plot ( gr\nd 9 ! temple1 & to pray = ! ?+s want$ by him4 ,! next day1 :5 he came to ! temple1 he f\nd ! desir$ ?+s on ! spot besme>$ ) c[-dung4 #bhg ,at ,mngaon ! ,pujri ( ! local goddess is ei!r ! ,ptil or ! ,madhavi ( ! village4 #bhh ,9 ! village ( ,dahigaon cocoanuts are (f]$ annually to ! village ,mruti1 & f[ls & goats to ! o!r local deities1 9 ord] t ! village may be protect$ aga9/ dang] & disease4 #bhi ,x is believ$ t any ,brhman :o acts z ! ,pujri ( ! god ,%iva w f9d 8 family ext]m9at$1 & = ?is reason ,brhmans d n act z ,pujris 9 ! temples ( ,%iva4 ,9 a few temples ( goddesses l ,jakhi etc4 ! ,pujri is ( ! ,mahr ca/e4 #bij ,a great fair is held 9 hon\r ( ! goddess ,vajr-bi or ,vajre%w>i ne> ,nirmal 9 ! mon? ( ,krtika 7,novemb]74 ,! ,pujri ( ! goddess is a ,gosvi ( ! ,giri sect4 ,! wor%ip ( ,bhimas5a is n preval5t 9 ! ,konkan1 b ! h]o ,bhima1 l ,mruti1 is held 9 rev]5ce by ! gymna/s4 ,bhima is n wor%ipp$1 b a "w call$ ! ,bhima-/av>j is read at ! b$ ( a dy+ man 9 ord] t he may obta9 salvation4 ,at ,a%irgad !re is a gumpha or cave ( ,a%wat?ma1 a h]o ( ! ,mahbhrata1 & x is said t a noise is he>d com+ f ! cave on ! full moon day4 #bia ,:]ev] a village is f\nd$1 x is cu/om>y to e/abli% a village deity z ! gu>dian ( ! village4 ,! deities *os5 are ,mruti1 ,kli1 ,*&ki1 ,v>adani1 etc4 ,9 ! ,konkan1 goddesses are pref]r$1 & on ! ,ghats g5]ally ,mruti is pref]r$4 ,c]ta9 c]emonies are p]=m$ = consecrat+ ! place to ! deity1 & sometimes ! deity is call$ aft] ! village z ,m>le%w> #bib etc4 ,by _m l[] class p ! goddess ,pondh> is (t5 select$ z ! gu>dian ( a new village4 ,at ,%ahpur1 if ! newly f\nd$ village is to be inhabit$ by high class ,h9dus1 ! deities ,mruti & ,durga are select$ z grma-devatas1 b if x is to be inhabit$ by l[] class p1 !n su* deities z ,mhasoba1 ,*$oba1 ,jkhi1 etc4 are *os54 #bic ,9 ! ,basse9 & ,slsette tlukas ! foll[+ deities viz4 ,mruti1 ,*$1 ,*&ki1 & ,%iva1 are *os5 z village deities4 ,*$a is repres5t$ by a long piece ( wood or /one besme>$ ) r$-p[d]1 & is plac$ on ! outskirts ( ! village4 ,no ,brhman is necess>y = e/abli%+ a ,*$a4 ,! ,pujri is g5]ally a ,kunbi or ,mli1 & he e/abli%es ! deity by (f]+ x a goat or f[ls & cocoanuts4 #bid ,sometimes ! gu>dian deity ( a new settlem5t is decid$ ^u by a ,kaul4 ,two or ?ree names ( deities are select$1 betelnuts or fl[]s are plac$ on ! sides ( ! gu>dian deity ( ! neighb\r+ village & t deity 9 ^: "n ! betelnut falls fir/ is *os5 z ! deity ( ! new village4 #bie ,at ,*aul1 ! deity call$ ,bpdev is v popul> among ! l[] classes4 ,x is repres5t$ by a big /one fix$ on mort> & besme>$ ) r$-p[d]4 ,:5 x is e/abli%$ = ! fir/ "t 9 a village1 a ,brhman is requir$ to make ! fir/ pja or wor%ip1 b aft] ?is x is wor%ipp$ by a ,pujri ( a l[] ca/e4 #bif ,! ,mah>s 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict select ! gho/-deity call$ ,jhaloba z ! gu>dian deity ( a new settlem5t4 #big ,9 _m cases ! deity ( _! =m] village or ( ! neighb\r+ village #bih is nam$ by a ,bhagat or exorci/1 :o becomes possess$4 #bii ,9 ! ,konkan e village f>m is suppos$ to be "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ! m9or godl+s1 ! majority ( :i* are call$ ,bhuta-,devats or gho/ly godl+s4 ,9 "s cases ! field gu>dians are also ! ,brhmanic godl+s l ,mruti & ,%iva4 #cjj ,to ! ,brhmanic gu>dians ( ! field1 cocoanuts & fl[]s are (f]$ at ! s[+ & reap+ seasons1 & to ! re/1 f[ls1 cocoanuts1 & sometimes goats1 are (f]$4 ,! high] classes fe$ "o or two ,brhmans 9 ord] to propitiate ! deities ( ! fields2 & = ! propitiation ( ! m9or deities ( ! field ! l[] classes p]=m a rite call$ ,dalap4 ,?is rite is p]=m$ by a man ( ! ,gurav1 ,ghdi1 or ,rul1 ca/e by sacrific+ to ! field deity a goat or f[ls & cocoanuts4 ,! pujri repeats pray]s = a good h>ve/1 & !n di/ributes portions ( ! (f]+s among ! p assembl$ !re = witness+ ! rite4 #cja ,9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict on ! no-moon day ( ,je%ta p assemble 9 ! temple ( ! village deity & p]=m a rite call$ ,grhne 9 ord] t !y %\ld h a good crop1 t _! village may be free f diseases1 & t _! cattle may be protect$4 ,a simil> rite is p]=m$ on ! fir/ day ( ! bright half ( ! mon? ( ,mrga%ir%a 7,decemb]71 & on ?is occasion sometimes a goat or %eep is sacrific$ at ! b\nd>y ( ! village4 #cjb ,9 ord] t !re %\ld be a good h>ve/1 ! villag]s ( ,kankaoli wor%ip on c]ta9 days f ! mon? ( ,krtika 7,novemb]7 to ! mon? ( ,%imga 7,m>*7 ! m9or deities ( ! field by (f]+ !m f[ls1 cocoanuts1 etc4 #cjc ,at ,a*>e 7,ratngiri7 "s p wor%ip ! god ( ! cl\ds on ! day on :i* ! ,mriga%ir%a con/ellation beg9s1 & !y believe t !reby pl5ty ( ra9 is ensur$ = ! season4 #cjd ,= good h>ve/s & = ! protection ( _! cattle1 ! villag]s ( ,a*>e pray to ! ,grma-devata 9 ! mon? ( ,je%ta 7,june71 & !n g 9 procession f ! temple ( ! village deity to ! b\nd>y ( ! village1 :]e !y sacrifice a cock & (f] "s cook$ rice ) a burn+ wick ^u x1 to ! deity t presides ov] ! fields & h>ve/s4 #cje ,9 ! village ( ,palset ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! goddess ,khema is wor%ipp$ by ! villag]s to obta9 good crops1 & = ! protection ( _! cattle4 ,! ,pja or special wor%ip takes place on ! full-moon day ( ,mrga%ir%a & on ?is occasion ! sacr$ ,gondhal dance is also p]=m$4 #cjf ,9 c]ta9 villages ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 = obta9+ good h>ve/1 p wor%ip ! godl+ ,mahpuru% at ! beg9n+ ( ! s[+ & reap+ op]ations1 & (f] ! deity f[ls1 cocoanuts & cook$ rice4 #cjg ,9 ! village ( ,mlwan1 at ! s[+ & reap+ seasons1 ! villag]s usually make (f]+s ( f[ls & cocoanuts & goats to ! gu>dians ( ! fields1 b ,brhmans & su* ,kunbi f>m]s z d n eat fle% make (f]+s ( cook$ rice mix$ ) curds4 #cjh ,at ,ubhdnda village1 9 ord] to secure a good h>ve/ & = ! protection ( ! cattle1 ! villag]s wor%ip ! _s godl+s call$ ,samb&has & p]=m ! rite call$ ,deva*r4 #cji ,at ,ko*>e1 annual pray]s are (f]$ to ! godl+ call$ ,gavatdev = ! protection ( ! village cattle4 #caj ,9 ! ,devgad taluka p believe t "s deity resides 9 e f>m or 9 e collection ( fields1 & t good or bad h>ve/s are caus$ z ! deity is pleas$ or displeas$4 #caa ,9 ord] t !re %\ld be pl5ty ( ra9 & t ! cattle %\ld be protect$1 ! villag]s ( ,mlgund assemble 9 ! temple ( ! village deity & (f] pray]s on ! full moon day ( ,flgun 7,m>*7 & on ! #a/ day ( ! bright half ( ,mrga%ir%4 #cab ,9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 = ! protection ( cattle & = good crops1 pray]s are (f]$ to ! god ,bahiri & ! gho/s ,khavis & ,samb&h4 #cac ,at ,*auk 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict ! villag]s p]=m a special pja or wor%ip ( ! god ,kri%na 9 ord] t ! village cattle may be protect$4 #cad ,at ,sasawane a fair call$ ple jatra is held 9 ! mon? ( ,bhdrapad 7,septemb]7 9 ord] t ! villag]s may h a good h>ve/1 & t _! cattle may be protect$ aga9/ tig]s & disease4 #cae ,at ,akol1 on ! day :i* foll[s ! ,gane%-,*atur?i1 p ?r[ p>*$ rice ov] _! fields & h\ses s t ! rats may n run ov] !m4 #caf ,at ,mld 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 = ! protection ( cattle1 ! god ,wghoba is wor%ipp$ at night on ! #ab? ( ,a%v9 :i* is call$ ! ,wgh-bras4 #cag ,9 "s villages ( ! ,?na ,di/rict ! deity ,wghoba or ,wghya is wor%ipp$ on ! #ab? day ( ! d>k half ( ,krtik4 ,on t day ! c[h]ds collect a quantity ( milk & prep>e a k9d ( food kn[n z ,khir by mix+ jgri & cook$ rice4 ,!y !n proce$ to ! /one image ( ! deity 9 ! jungle1 & besme> x ) new r$-lead or %5dur4 ,!y p\r a portion ( ! sweet milk ov] ! /one1 & (f] pray]s = ! protection ( _! cattle4 ,!y !n p>take ( ! rema9+ milk4 #cah ,at ,ag%i & o!r neighb\r+ villages1 be=e ! fields are pl\gh$1 ! villag]s assemble & collect a c]ta9 sum ( money1 ) :i* !y buy goats1 f[ls1 r$-p[d]1 cocoanuts & p>*$ gra94 ,a goat & "s cocks are !n sacrific$ to ! spirits resid+ 9 ! cemet]ies & at ! b\nd>y ( ! village4 ,cocoanuts besme>$ ) gull r$ p[d] are also (f]$ to ^! gho/ godl+s4 ,a goat decorat$ ) g>l&s & r$ p[d] is !n made to walk r\nd ! village ?ree times at night1 accompani$ by ! villag]s1 :o ?r[ lhya p>*$ rice :ile pass+4 ,?is rite is call$ ,siwa ,bndhane or b9d+ ! b\nd>y1 & is suppos$ to protect ! village crops & cattle4 ,no f>m] d>es to s[ 8 se$ unless ?is rite has be5 p]=m$4 ,aft] ?is rite has be5 p]=m$1 e f>m] appeases 8 family deity1 i4e4 ,kh&oba1 ,bahiroba1 ,kankoba1 etc41 by p]=m+ a c]emony at home call$ ,deopan or ,devaski1 :i* relates to ! wor%ip ( ance/ors4 ,mo/ ( ! f>m]s reg>d "o ( _! dead ance/ors z _! *ief deity1 & repres5t him 9 _! h\se by a cocoanut4 ,!y d n ent] on any new bus9ess )\t fir/ (f]+ pray]s to ?is cocoanut1 & !y also believe t !y c br+ evil ^u _! enemies by simply curs+ !m be=e ! deifi$ cocoanut4 ,! only mat]ials g5]ally requir$ = ! wor%ip ( ?is cocoanut are r$ p[d]1 inc5se & fl[]s4 ,on r>e occasions1 goats & f[ls are sacrific$4 ,x is believ$ t ! ance/or 9 ! cocoanut likes to be wor%ipp$ by ! wife or husb& 7z ! case may be7 ( ! p]son repres5t$ by ! cocoanut4 ,"s f>m]s1 9 addition to ! cocoanut1 wor%ip a /ick or cap ( _! ance/or along ) ! cocoanut1 & (f] pray]s = ! protection ( _! cattle1 = good ra9 & h>ve/1 & also = ! de/ruction ( _! enemies4 #cai ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,disease ,,deities4 ,at ,v5gurla1 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 :5 epidemic diseases prevail1 ! p ( ! village assemble & prep>e a basket 9 :i* are plac$ cook$ rice1 cocoanuts1 lemons1 w9e1 r$ fl[]s & ,udid 7,phaseolus radiatus7 gra94 ,! basket is !n c>ri$ out ( ! village along ) a cock or a goat1 & deposit$ outside ! village b\nd>y4 ,to c>ry ?is basket1 a p]son belong+ to ! ,mahr ca/e is g5]ally select$4 ,! p ( ! next village simil>ly c>ry ! basket beyond _! village limits2 & x is f9ally ?r[n into ! sea4 ,x is believ$ t if ! basket ( (f]+s to ! disease-deities is c>ri$ f "o village to ano!r1 x is sure to br+ ! disease ) x4 ,great c>e is !re=e tak5 to ?r[ ! (f]+s into ! sea4 ,9 cases ( small pox a fea/ is giv5 to wom5 ^: husb&s are alive4 ,9 "s cases boil$ rice is mix$ ) ! blood ( a cock1 & on ! rice is plac$ a burn+ black cotton wick 9 a cocoanut %ell ) a little oil 9 x4 ,! :ole is !n c>ri$ beyond ! village b\nd>y & ?r[n away4 #cbj ,9 ! village ( ,mi?bv 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 epidemic diseases l *ol]a1 small pox1 plague1 etc41 are suppos$ to come f disease deities1 & 9 ord] to avoid ! dang] ( su* diseases ! p ( ! village g to ! temple ( ! village deity & pray = protection4 ,! special =m ( wor%ip on su* occasions is ! ,kaul1 i4e41 ask+ a fav\r f ! deity4 ,:5 an epidemic ( plague broke out = ! fir/ "t at ,sangame%w>1 ! p ( ! village at once proce$$ to wor%ip ! village deity2 b a few cases ( plague occurr$1 ev5 aft] wor%ipp+ ! village goddess ,jkhmta4 ,:5 ! p w5t to ! temple & ask$ ! reason :y ! plague cont9u$1 x 0 ann\nc$ by ! deity ?r\gh ! temple m9i/rant t %e 0 helpless 9 ! case ( plague1 & desir$ ! p to wor%ip ! god ,%iva1 !reby signify+ t ! village deity has limit$ p[]s1 & t ! p[] ( av]t+ great evils lies ) ,%iva ! god ( de/ruction4 #cba ,9 ! ,devgad ,taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict 9 epidemic diseases l *ol]a1 etc41 ! usual c]emony1 i4e41 ! ,p>adi 7disease-sc>+ basket7 is p]=m$4 ,a basket conta9+ boil$ rice1 r$ p[d]1 r$ fl[]s1 lemons1 betel nuts1 betel leaves1 etc41 is prep>$1 & on t rice is kept a burn+ cotton wick dipp$ 9 oil4 ,! basket is !n c>ri$ beyond ! village b\nd>y along ) a goat hav+ a r$ fl[] g>l& r\nd its neck4 ,! goat is set free at ! outskirts ( ! village4 ,9 cases ( small pox1 m>ri$ wom5 ^: husb&s are alive are wor%ipp$ ) turm]ic p[d]1 cocoanuts1 fl[]s1 etc41 & inc5se is kept burn+ 9 ! h\se4 ,! deity ( small pox is also specially wor%ipp$ = a numb] ( days4 ,x is repres5t$ by a brass or copp] lota ) a cocoanut plac$ ov] x4 ,?is process is call$ mnd bh>ane i4e4 arrang+ ! mat]ials ( wor%ip4 ,! girls 9 ! h\se s+ songs 9 praise ( ! small pox deity4 ,x is believ$ t 9 ?is way ! sev]ity ( ! disease is r$uc$4 #cbb ,9 ! ,sangame%w> taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 :5 epidemic diseases prevail1 ! p ( ! village assemble 9 ! temple ( ! village deity1 (f] a cocoanut to ! goddess1 & ask = a ,kaul 7om574 ,aft] receiv+ ! ,kaul !y pray = m]cy4 ,x is believ$ t if ! ,kaul is 9 fav\r ( ! p ! diseases w disappe>4 #cbc ,at ,a*>e 9 ! ,mlwan taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict x is believ$ t epidemic diseases su* z *ol]a1 small pox1 etc41 are caus$ by ! ang] ( ! deities ,j>i & ,m>i2 & 9 ord] to satisfy ^? deities animal sacrifices are (f]$ at ! "t ( _! wor%ip4 ,!re are no o!r deities :o cause su* diseases4 #cbd ,at ,vijayadurg 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 9 cases ( small pox1 ! *ild suff]+ f ! disease is made to sleep on a silk g>m5t ,soval54 ,fl[]s are ?r[n ^u ! pati5t's body1 & are giv5 to him to smell4 ,inc5se is burnt 9 ! h\se4 ,on ! sev5? day f ! beg9n+ ( ! disease1 ! *ild is fir/ ba!d 9 milk & !n 9 wat]4 ,black sc5t$ p[d] call$ ,abir is ?r[n on ! body4 ,aft] two or ?ree days an image repres5t+ ! deity is made ( fl\r1 :i* is wor%ipp$1 & a fea/ is giv5 to ,brhmans & unwid[$ wom54 #cbe ,at ,basani 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! disease ( small pox is av]t$ by a ,brhman wor%ipp+ ! goddess ,%itala4 ,brhmans are also wor%ipp$1 & a fea/ is giv5 to !m4 ,9 cases ( *ol]a & ! o!r epidemic diseases ! village deity is wor%ipp$ & sacrifices are made to h]4 #cbf ,at ,ko*>e 9 ! ,v5gurla taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 a woman ^: husb& is alive is made to repres5t ! goddess ,j>i ,m>i1 & is wor%ipp$ ) fl[]s1 r$ p[d] ,kunku & black o9tm5t ,kjal4 ,%e is giv5 a fea/ ( sweet ?+s2 & rice & cocoanuts are put into h] lap by ano!r woman ^: husb& is alive4 ,%e is !n c>ri$ 9 procession ?r\gh ! village ) beat+ ( drums & ! s++ ( songs4 ,?is is simil> to ! ,p>adi procession1 :i* is also common 9 t ,di/rict4 #cbg ,at ,nav>e 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 9 cases ( small pox1 ! diseas$ *ild & ! p]son into ^: body ! small pox deities call$ ,bys ent]1 are wor%ipp$ ) ,abir black sc5t$ p[d]1 fl[] g>l&s1 c4 #cbh ,at ,p5dur 9 ! ,mlwan taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! wra? ( ! female deities or ,mtriks is suppos$ to be ! cause ( epidemic diseases1 & ^! ,mtriks are accord+ly wor%ipp$ = _! pacification4 #cbi ,at ,*aul 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict ! god ,%ank> is wor%ipp$ by ,brhmans :5 epidemic diseases prevail 9 a village4 ,! wor%ip consi/s 9 repeat+ ,v$ic hymns4 ,! n9e planets are also propitiat$ by sacrifices ( boil$ rice1 etc4 ,!re is a fam\s temple ( ! goddess ,%itala at ,*aul :]e ! deity is wor%ipp$ by ,brhmans1 :o recite ,v$ic hymns1 :5ev] small pox prevails 9 ! village4 ,! mantras ( ! goddess & ! ,%itala ,a%taka are also repeat$ 9 ! ,paurnic /yle4 ,! wom5 walk r\nd ! temple e day z long z ! signs ( ! disease are visible on _! *ildr54 ,! goddess is wor%ipp$ ) turm]ic & r$ p[d]s1 & clo!s & fruits are giv5 to h]4 ,! ,kaul c]emony is also practis$ 9 ?is ,di/rict4 ,x is wor? notic+ t ev5 ,musalmns ask = a ,kaul f ?is goddess4 ,! days fix$ = ,kaul are3--,sunday1 ,tuesday1 ,?ursday & ,friday4 ,! morn+ h\rs are consid]$ specially auspici\s = ! ,kaul4 ,!re is ano!r temple at ,*aul1 ( ! goddess ,%ri ,golba ,devi4 ,?is goddess is also wor%ipp$ :5 o!r epidemic diseases prevail 9 ! village4 ,saptha i4e4 cont9u\s wor%ip = sev5 days is also p]=m$ 9 hon\r ( ! deity4 ,! g>d5]s 7,mlis7 ( ! village wor%ip ?is deity e ,tuesday morn+ ) cocoanuts ga!r$ f e h\se 9 ! village4 ,?is temple is be+ repair$ at pres5t4 #ccj ,:5 epidemic diseases prevail 9 ! village ( ,poladpur ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict ! god ,%iva is wor%ipp$ by cont9u\sly p\r+ wat] ov] ! deity's head or l+a4 ,sacrifices ( fruits & animals are also (f]$ to ! village deity4 ,:]e !re is a temple ( ! deity ,mri or ,mahmri1 ! deity is wor%ipp$ ?r\gh a ,brhman1 & sacrifices ( cocks & goats are (f]$ to h]4 ,! deity nam$ ,%itala is wor%ipp$ 9 cases ( small pox4 #cca ,at ,vva%i 9 ! ,p5 taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 9 cases ( epidemic diseases1 ! p ( ! village invoke ! god ,%iva1 & holy fires call$ homa are k9dl$ 9 hon\r ( t god4 ,sacrifices ( boil$ rice are also (f]$ to ! deity4 ,= av]t+ small pox ! deity ,%itala is invok$ by ! mantras call$ ,%itala ,a%taka4 ,= av]t+ fev]s ! gods ,%ank> & ,vi%nu are also wor%ipp$4 #ccb ,at ,m$he 9 ! ,rohe taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict ! god ,%iva is wor%ipp$ 9 ord] to av]t an epidemic1 & ,hanumn is wor%ipp$ to av]t fev]s4 #ccc ,at ,mld 9 ! ,salsette taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict1 :5 an epidemic prevails 9 a village1 ! goddess ,nava*&i is wor%ipp$ & ! ,homa is k9dl$ 9 h] hon\r4 ,on ! la/ day ( wor%ip a goat is set free z a sacrifice to ! deity4 ,! ,bali1 i4e41 ! (f]+ ( boil$ rice1 & ! goat are tak5 beyond ! b\nd>y ( ! village1 & h&$ ov] to ! p ( ! neighb\r+ village1 :o foll[ ! same proc$ure1 & at la/ bo? ! sacrifices are ?r[n into ! sea4 ,! goat g5]ally dies1 z x does n get wat] & food till x rea*es ! sea4 #ccd ,9 ! village ( ,anjur 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 9 cases ( long /&+ fev]s ! ,brhmans obs]ve ! c]emony call$ ,udak ,%anti or propitiation by wat]4 ,x is z foll[s3--,an e>!n pot fill$ ) wat] is plac$ on ! gr\nd4 ,on ! top ( ! pot is plac$ a r\nd plate 9 :i* ! image ( ! god ,brahmadev ! son ( ,vi%nu is consecrat$4 ,f\r ,brhmans sit on ! f\r sides ( ! pot & repeat _! ,v$ic hymns4 ,^! f\r ,brhmans are suppos$ to be ! f\r m\?s ( ! god ,brahmadev4 ,x is believ$ by ! p t by p]=m+ ?is c]emony ! fev] is made to disappe>4 #cce ,at ,ri 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict "s p believe t mal>ial fev]s are av]t$ by plac+ secretly a small /one on ! head ( ! god ,hanumn4 #ccf ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict ! n9e planets are wor%ipp$ 9 ! h\se to w>d (f diseases su* z *ol]a1 small pox1 fev]s1 etc4 ,! goddess ,laxmi is wor%ipp$ 9 ord] to av]t small pox1 ! wor%ip be+ g5]ally p]=m$ 9 a g>d5 or a grove ( mango trees1 :5 p>*$ rice1 cocoanuts & lemons are (f]$ to h]4 ,! p assembl$ at ! spot p>take ( ! food4 ,to av]t fev]1 ! p p]=m a c]ta9 c]emony orda9$ 9 ! ,%/ras4 ,if ! sick p]son is suppos$ to be "u ! evil influ5ce ( ! planet ,saturn1 ! planet is invok$ by repeat+ ! mantras1 & wor%ipp$ ) ! usual (f]+s4 ,g>m5ts su* z a ,sri & a ,*oli are (f]$ to ! goddesses ,mri & ,klubi4 ,:5 an epidemic disease su* z *ol]a prevails 9 a village1 ! p ( ! village in/all ! deity ,m>gai at a place :]e f\r roads meet1 & wor%ip h] = sev5 or eight days ) mu* c]emony4 ,e "o br+s (f]+s ( cocoanuts1 lemons1 ambil or conjee1 cook$ rice & curds1 etc4 ) ! beat+ ( drums to (f] to ! deity4 ,aft] wor%ipp+ ! goddess 9 ?is mann] = eight successive days !y sacrifice a ,bali ( a he-buffalo be=e h]4 ,! deity is !n put ^u a bullock c>t & c>ri$ ?r\gh ! village ) ! beat+ ( drums & mu* c]emony1 to be ?r[n away beyond ! village b\nd>y along ) ! (f]+s4 #ccg ,epidemic diseases are n attribut$ to wit*craft at ,devgad 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict4 ,x is believ$ t !y are caus$ by ! accumulat$ s9s ( ! p4 #cch ,9 ! ,dpoli taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict epidemic diseases are attribut$ to wit*craft by l[ ca/e p4 ,! p[] ( av]t+ su* diseases lies 9 ! h&s ( ! village deities4 ,!y are !re=e propitiat$ by ! sacrifices ( cocks1 goats1 & cocoanuts4 #cci ,at ,poldpur 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 epidemic diseases are sometimes attribut$ to wit*craft by l[ ca/e p4 ,p]sons well v]s$ 9 ! mantras ( evil spirits are call$ ,bhagats or exorci/s4 ,"s ( !m keep evil spirits at _! comm&4 ,! poor p believe t :at ^! exorci/s =etell is sure to occur4 ,x is believ$ t ! _s dwells on ! tongue ( ^! exorci/s4 ,:5 ^! spirits are hungry1 !y are let loose 9 ! village by ! sorc]]s = ! de/ruction ( ! p1 ?us caus+ an epidemic4 ,:5 a _s is to be de/roy$1 ! p ( ! village assemble 9 a mob & attack ! sorc]]1 a small quantity ( blood is tak5 f 8 tongue & wat] f ! e>!n pot ( a ,*mbhr is p\r$ ^u x4 ,x is believ$ t by s do+ ! _s is p]man5tly de/roy$ & ! sorc]] ei!r =gets all 8 mantras or !y become ineffective4 ,! _s is call$ tond bhut1 & x sometimes tr\bles ev5 animals4 #cdj ,at ,*auk 9 ! ,k>jat taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 ! p believe t ! devotees ( ! ,mri deity br+ on epidemic diseases by ! use ( _! mantras1 & 9 ord] to satisfy !m1 (f]+s are made to ! deity ,mri :i* are tak5 by ! devotees or ,bhagats4 #cda ,at ,vde 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict epidemic diseases are attribut$ to wit*craft4 ,!re are "s wom5 :o are suppos$ to br+ on1 or at lea/ fo/]1 ! gr[? ( su* diseases by _! evil mantras4 ,su* wom5 are ?reat5$ or puni%$ by ! p1 & sometimes !y are ev5 driv5 out ( ! village4 #cdb ,9 ! village ( ,anjur ( ! ,?na ,di/rict1 if a man vomits blood accid5tly & falls ill1 or dies1 x is believ$ to be due to ! act ( ,mu? ,mrane1 t is1 ! ?r[+ ( a h&ful ( rice ov] :i* incantations h be5 repeat$4 ,if !re be any sorc]] 9 ! village :o has le>nt ! same incantations1 he alone is able to return ! ,mu? to ! sorc]] :o fir/ us$ x4 #cdc ,at ,%irgaum 9 ! ,umb]gaon taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict1 :5 epidemic diseases prevail 9 ! village1 ! p ( ! village take a turn r\nd ! village 9 a body & kill a buffalo4 ,a ,bali or (f]+ ( boil$ rice1 cocoanuts1 cocks & goats is also (f]$ to ! deities t cause epidemic diseases4 #cdd ,:5 cattle disease breaks out 9 a village ! p ( ! ,devagad taluka 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict g5]ally prev5t ! heal?y cattle f mix+ ) ! diseas$1 & ! p ( ! neighb\r+ villages take precautions aga9/ us+ ! milk1 etc4 ( ! diseas$ cattle4 ,at su* times ! cattle ( ! village 9 :i* ! disease breaks out are prohibit$ f ent]+ ! neighb\r+ villages4 #cde ,at ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! deity nam$ ,maha ,gira is wor%ipp$ 9 connection ) cattle diseases4 ,at "s places a fea/ is giv5 to ,brhmans1 & 9 c]ta9 villages ( ?is ,di/rict a man is pa9t$ l a tig]1 c>ri$ out ( ! village & ba!d 9 a riv]4 ,x is believ$ t ?is is "o ( ! rem$ies = av]t+ cattle diseases4 #cdf ,at ,fonda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 :5 cattle disease breaks out1 a goat or a cock is sacrific$ at ! temple ( ! village deity4 #cdg ,9 "s villages ( ! ,mlwan taluka ! deity ,brhman is wor%ipp$4 #cdh ,at ,basani 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! gods ( ! ,mahrs z also ! village deity are wor%ipp$ 9 connection ) ! cattle diseases4 #cdi ,at ,vva%i 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict :5 cattle disease prevails 9 a village1 a pig is kill$ & buri$ on ! bord] ( ! village4 ,a sweet oil lamp 9 ! %ell ( a crab or a lob/] is kept burn+ 9 ! c[%$4 ,riv] or sweet wat] fi%es are boil$ 9 wat]1 & ! wat] is giv5 to ! animals to dr9k4 ,! own] also cleans ! c[%$ & burns sulphur1 camphor1 damm] & o!r dis9fectants4 #cej ,at ,v>sai 9 ! ,p5 taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict a ,kaul is tak5 f ! village deity to prev5t cattle diseases1 t is1 ! village deity is consult$ ?r\gh ! temple m9i/rant1 :o acts z ! spokesman ( ! oracle4 #cea ,at ,m$he 9 ! ,rohe taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict ! village deity ,bahiroba is wor%ipp$ 9 connection ) cattle diseases4 ,! diseas$ animals are m9utely exam9$1 & ! affect$ "p ( _! body is br&$ ) a r$ hot iron4 #ceb ,9 ! village ( ,umela ( ! ,?na ,di/rict ! village deity is wor%ipp$ & sacrifices are (f]$ to h]4 ,milk f ! affect$ villages is prohibit$1 & vegetables are n fri$ 9 oil dur+ ! preval5ce ( ! disease 9 ! village4 #cec ,at ,kolhpur1 ! p make v[s to ! god1 & a%es f ! temples are br\ght & appli$ to ! =ehead ( ! cattle4 ,cotton /r+s are ti$ to ! feet or ! neck ( ! cattle 9 ! "n ( ! god4 ,!y also make v[s to ! deities ,tamji & ,wghji1 & (f] to !m eyes made ( silv]1 a new clo?1 a f[l or a goat1 :5 _! animals are cur$ ( ! disease4 #ced ,9 ! ,devgad taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 9 cases ( mal>ial fev]s pieces ( c]ta9 k9ds ( h]bs are fa/5$ toge!r ) black cotton /r+s1 & ti$ r\nd ! arm or neck ( ! p]son suff]+ f ! disease4 ,sacr$ a%es are put 9 a copp] amulet & ! amulet is ti$ 9 ! mann] above describ$4 #cee ,at ,fonda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 9 addition to h]bs & copp] amulets1 peacock fea!rs 9 black cotton /r+s are ti$ to ! arms ( ! p]sons suff]+ f mal>ial fev]s1 etc4 #cef ,at ,v5gurla 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 9 fev]s l mal>ia1 black /r+s ( cotton are ti$ r\nd ! arm or neck1 & c]ta9 secret mantras are repeat$ at ! "t4 ,x is believ$ t ! p[] ( ! mantras is lo/ if !y are disclos$ to ! public4 #ceg ,at ,murud 9 ! ,dpoli taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! mantras ( ! god ,n>s9h1 ! f\r? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu1 are repeat$ = ! exorcism ( diseases4 #ceh ,9 ! ,dpoli taluka p :o want to get rid ( _! diseases tie a copp] amulet to _! arms4 ,! mantras t are repeat$ on su* occasions are kept secret4 ,!re are at pres5t "s p]sons 9 ! ,anj>le village :o give su* amulets & *>ms4 #cei ,9 ! ,*iplun taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! foll[+ articles are us$ = av]t+ diseases3--,copp] amulets1 black cotton /r+s1 & holy wat] ov] :i* c]ta9 mantras h be5 repeat$ by ! exorci/4 #cfj ,at ,poladpur 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 black cotton /r+s are ti$ r\nd ! arm 9 cases ( mal>ial fev]s4 ,"s mantras are repeat$ 9 cases ( pa9 9 ! "r or left side ( ! body4 ,besides ! mantras "s signs & figures are drawn on bir* leaves1 & ti$ r\nd ! arm or ! neck ( ! pati5t4 ,wom5 :o wi% to h *ildr5 we> su* black cotton /r+s & copp] amulets4 #cfa ,at ,vva%i 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict mantras are 9 vogue = ! exorcism ( diseases su* z liv] & sple5 affections4 ,= exorcis+ eye diseases black cotton ?read is ti$ to ! e>4 #cfb ,at ,*auk 9 ! ,k>jat taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 a%es are appli$ to ! body ( ! sick p]son aft] repeat+ c]ta9 mantras ov] !m4 #cfc ,at ,mld 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 = exorcis+ diseases caus$ by evil spirits1 c]ta9 lett]s ( ! ,nris9ha mantra are writt5 on a bir* leaf1 & ! leaf is ti$ r\nd ! arm ( ! sick man ) a copp] amulet4 ,9 ord] to drive out ! evil _s p]man5tly1 ! god ,nris9ha is wor%ipp$1 & sacr$ fire is k9dl$ to propitiate ! deity4 ,= ! wor%ip ( ,nris9ha ! m9i/rant requir$ mu/ be a regul> devotee ( ,nris9ha1 & he mu/ also be a ,pan*k%>i1 i4e41 "o :o kn[s ! mantras ( evil spirits4 #cfd ,9 ! village ( ,%irgaon 9 ! ,mhim taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict1 9 addition to copp] amulets & black ?reads ( cotton1 mantras ( ,musalmn sa9ts or pirs are 9 vogue = exorcis+ disease4 #cfe ,at ,kolhpur1 ! high] classes p]=m ! religi\s c]emony call$ ,anu%?n to propitiate ,%iva1 ! god ( de/ruction1 9 ord] to av]t disease1 & also make v[s to ! same deity4 ,! l[] classes (f] cocoanuts1 f[ls or a goat4 ,!y sometimes g to ! exorci/ = a%es 9 ! "n ( ! god1 & apply !m to ! =ehead ( ! diseas$ p]son4 ,copp] amulets & cotton /r+s giv5 by ! exorci/ are also ti$ r\nd ! neck ( ! sick p]son4 #cff ,at ,adiv>e 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! foll[+ practices are adopt$ = driv+ out evil spirits t cause disease4 ,inc5se is burnt be=e ! exorci/1 drums are beat51 & !n ! exorci/ takes a burn+ wick 9 8 h& & fright5s ! diseas$ p]son by /rik+ ! gr\nd ) a cane or a broom ( peacock fea!rs4 ,he also cries out l\dly4 ,he !n draws out ! evil _s f ! body ( ! diseas$ p]son1 & puts x 9 a bottle1 :i* is ei!r c>ri$ out ( ! village & buri$ "u gr\nd ne> a big tree or is ?r[n into ! sea4 #cfg ,9 ! ,sangame%w> taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! process ( exorcis+ is sometimes accompani$ by danc+ & l\d cries4 ,! p]son :o suff]s f evil spirits is tak5 to ,n>soba's ,wdi 9 ! ,kolhpur ,/ate :]e pati5ts are believ$ to f9d a cure4 #cfh ,9 ! ,devgad taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! exorci/1 :5 possess$1 does n dance z at o!r places1 b freely uses abusive epi!ts to drive out ! evil spirits2 & on su* occasions ! ?reats are repeat$ l\dly by ! exorci/4 #cfi ,9 ! ,dpoli taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 danc+ is us$ 9 exorcism4 ,:ile danc+1 ! exorci/ makes a %[ ( diff]5t k9ds ( fits4 ,!y are simil> to ^? made by a p]son suff]+ f hy/]ia4 ,he also /&s & sways 8 body to & fro = "s "t1 !n assumes a s]5e & quiet attitude1 & beg9s to cry out l\dly4 #cgj ,!re are "s sorc]]s at ,dsgaon 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 :o dance & cry out l\dly 9 ord] to drive out ! evil spirits f ! body ( ! diseas$4 #cga ,at ,mld 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict danc+ is us$ 9 exorcism4 ,! foll[+ is a description ( "o ( ^! dances4 ,songs ( ! deity :i* is to be summon$ on ! occasion are sung along ) ! music ( ! ,tl 7a k9d ( cymbal7 & ! beat+ ( drums call$ ,ghumat4 ,! ,ghumat is an e>!n j>1 ! l[] & upp] ends ( :i* are cov]$ ov] ) lea!r4 ,! man 9 ^: body ! deity is to make its appe>ance takes 8 ba? & sits by ! side ( a small pray] c>pet call$ ,asan4 ,a small quantity ( rice 7ab\t a s]7 is put 9 front ( ! c>pet1 & a copp] pot fill$ ) wat] is plac$ on ! rice4 ,! musicians beg9 to /rike _! in/rum5t ) a l\d cla%1 & ! exorci/'s body beg9s to %ake4 ,! %ak+ ( ! body is a sure indication ( 8 be+ _s-possess$4 ,he !n sits ^u ! c>pet & beg9s to ?r[ gra9s ( rice into ! copp] pot conta9+ wat]1 gives out ! "n ( ! p>ticul> _s ) :i* he is possess$1 & ! cause = :i* x has attack$ ! pati5t4 ,he !n expla9s ! measures & rites by :i* ! _s c be driv5 out4 ,! p abide by 8 directions1 & ! pati5t is ?us cur$4 #cgb ,at ,padghe 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 :5 an evil _s is to be driv5 out f ! body ( ! pati5t1 ! latt] is ask$ to hold 9 8 m\? a betelnut or a lemon4 ,aft] "s "t1 ! betelnut or ! lemon is put into a bottle1 ! bottle is !n tightly cork$ & buri$ und]gr\nd4 ,a copp] pot is fill$ ) wat]1 & ! diseas$ p]son is ask$ to hold ! pot upside d[n4 ,if ! wat] runs out x is believ$ t ! _s has disappe>$4 #cgc ,9 ! village ( ,edwan ( ! ,?na ,di/rict1 danc+ is practis$ 9 cases ( _s possession1 b x is resort$ to among ! l[] ca/es only4 ,:ile danc+1 ! sorc]] cries out l\dly1 & ?r[s gra9s ( ,udid 7,phaseolus radiatus7 on ! body ( ! diseas$ p]son #cgd aft] repeat+ c]ta9 mantras4 ,?is rite is /yl$ ,bhrani or ! process ( *>m+4 ,at ,kolhpur1 danc+ is n us$ 9 exorcism1 b ! p suff]+ f evil spirits sometimes dance & cry out l\dly4 ,"s ( !m loose _! hair :ile danc+1 & ev5 /rike _! heads4 ,"s qu>rel l combatants1 & "s ( !m try to make spee*es l orators4 ,!re is a temple ( ! god ,%ri ,dutta at ,n>s9hwdi 9 ! ,kolhpur ,/ate1 to :i* p suff]+ f evil spirits are br\ght = a cure4 ,^! p cry out l\dly :5 ! palanqu9 ( ! ,swmi ,mahrj is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! village1 & spirits usually quit ! bodies ( _! victims at ?is "t1 = x is said t !y _c be> ! proximity ( ! ,swmi ,mahrj4 ,pati5ts are also cur$ by resid+ 9 ! village = a c]ta9 p]iod4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! village ( ,n>sob*iwdi is consid]$ v holy4 ,a big fe/ival is celebrat$ 9 ?is village annually on ! twelf? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%v9 7,octob]74 ,fea/s are giv5 to ! ,brhmans1 ! exp5ses be+ borne by ! ,kolhpur ,/ate4 #cge ,9 ! ,sangame%w> taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! ,bhagat or exorci/ is respect$ by ! l[] ca/e p4 ,8 duties are to ask a kaul f ! deity on behalf ( ! p & to alleviate _! suff]+s4 ,8 appo9tm5t is h]$it>y1 ! clev] memb] ( ! family g5]ally foll[+ ! pr(ession ( 8 fa!r4 #cgf ,9 ! ,devgad taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 l[ class p are afraid ( sorc]]s because !y might injure !m if !y are (f5d$4 ,!y !re=e are c>eful n to cause !m displeasure4 ,!re1 ! pr(ession ( a sorc]] or exorci/ is n h]$it>y4 ,any "o :o le>ns ! wick$ mantras aft] att5d+ regul>ly ! burial & burn+ gr\nds = "s days becomes an exp]t1 & may foll[ ! pr(ession4 #cgg ,9 ! ,mlwan taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! *ief function ( ! village sorc]] is to wor%ip ! village deity4 ,all k9ds ( gifts & pres5ts int5d$ = ! deity are made ?r\gh him4 ,8 pr(ession is h]$it>y & he is mu* respect$ by ! ignorant p #cgh4 ,at ,fonda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! exorci/ is n appo9t$1 b "o :o c satisfactorily int]pret or expla9 to ! village deity ! suff]+s ( ! p is g5]ally select$4 #cgi ,9 ! ,v5gurla taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! *ief function ( ! village sorc]] is to f9d rem$ies = ! cure ( p]sons suff]+ f evil spirits4 ,8 position among ! p ( ! l[ classes is consid]$ high4 ,he foll[s ! h]$it>y pr(ession ( a sorc]]1 & g5]ally ! elde/ son succe$s 8 fa!r4 #chj ,at ,*idhran 9 ! ,panwel taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 ,bhutes1 a ca/e ( begg>s1 are ! devotees ( a goddess4 ,"s ( !m are call$ ,bhagats4 ,devri%is are v r>e4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a ,devri%i & a ,bhagat is z foll[s3--,a ,devri%i removes ! evil spirits by simply repeat+ ! mantras :ile ! ,bhagat removes !m by br++ ! evil _s into 8 own body & by danc+1 etc4 #cha ,at ,*aul 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 ,bhutes g begg+ 9 ! morn+ e day = ! fir/ n9e days ( ! mon? ( ,a%v9 7,octob]74 ,on ! t5? day ! ,bhutya is giv5 a pice f e h\se4 ,^! ,bhutes are devotees ( ! goddess ,%akti4 ,at ,sasawane 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict ! village sorc]] comes to beg e day & is giv5 rice1 etc41 b dur+ ! fir/ n9e days ( ! bright half ( ,a%v9 7,octob]7 he is giv5 copp] co9s4 #chb ,at ,anjur 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict ! devotee ( a p>ticul> god is call$ ,bhagat1 & "o :o kn[s h[ to summon or eject evil spirits is call$ ,bhutya4 ,a ,devri%i is a p]son :o kn[s ! mantras = w>d+ (f ! great evil spirits su* z ,brahma ,rk%asa1 ,brahma ,samb&1 etc4 ,^! ?ree classes are respect$ only = p]=m+ _! respective duties1 & n o!rwise4 #chc ,at ,kolhpur1 ! sorc]] is nev] appo9t$4 ,8 functions are to ask a kaul f ! deity1 to pray = ! welf>e ( ! p1 & expla9 to !m :at he sees 9 8 dreams4 ,he holds no position 9 high] society1 b ! poor p :o believe 9 him are afraid ( him4 ,sorc]]s are g5]ally v cunn+2 !y fright5 poor p1 & obta9 f !m pres5ts & gifts = _! ma9t5ance4 #chd ,9 ! ,v5gurla taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict r$ flags are hoi/$ on ,banyan1 ,pipal1 & ,umb> trees1 & on c]ta9 occasions (f]+s ( co9s & cocoanuts are made4 ,x is believ$ t :5 ! ?ree k9ds ( trees happ5 to gr[ toge!r1 i4e41 close to ea* o!r1 ne> a well or on ! bank ( a riv]1 ! god ,datta resides !re1 b su* cases are v r>e4 ,^! trees are suppos$ to be ! haunts ( ! ,munja _s1 & !re=e copp] co9s wav$ r\nd ! p]sons suff]+ f evil spirits are ?r[n und]nea? !m4 ,!re are no sacr$ wells 9 ?is taluka4 #che ,9 ! ,dpoli taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! ,banyan & ,pipal trees are wor%ipp$4 ,! =m] is wor%ipp$ by wom5 on ! full moon day ( ! mon? ( ,je/ha 7,june7 & on ! no moon day :5 x falls on ,monday4 ,on ^! occasions a cotton ?read is ti$ r\nd ! tree1 & (f]+s ( glass beads1 cocoanuts1 fruits1 etc41 are made4 ,^! trees are also wor%ipp$ ) (f]+s ( copp] co9s1 etc4 #chf ,9 ! ,dpoli taluka1 !re is a c]ta9 place betwe5 ! two villages ( ,anj>la & ,h>nai :]e p]sons pass+ by t side ?r[ "o or two /ones1 caus+ !reby a heap ( /ones !re4 ,x is believ$ t by do+ ?is ! p]son :o ?r[s su* /ones gets rid ( 8 it*4 ,?is place is call$ ,girjoba4 ,h&s & feet made ( wood are also (f]$ by p]sons :o make v[s to d s :5 _! h&s or legs are affect$ by any disease4 #chg ,at ,ibrmpur 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict (f]+s ( cotton ?read1 copp] co9s1 & fruit are made to ,banyan & ,pipal trees on ! full moon day ( ! mon? ( ,je/ha 7,june7 & on e ,saturday 9 ! mon? ( ,%rwan 7,augu/74 #chh ,at ,vavanje 9 ! ,panwel taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 (f]+s ( co9s1 etc41 to sacr$ trees are made at ! "t ( ,p>wani 7a fe/ival74 ,= in/ance1 :5 ! no moon day falls on ,monday1 ! wom5 wor%ip ! ,pipal tree1 & on ! full moon day ( ,je/ha 7,june7 !y wor%ip ! ,banyan tree4 ,! cu/om prevails ( ! wor%ip ( a well by wom5 aft] _! deliv]y4 ,a woman1 aft] complet+ ! p]iod ( h] conf9em5t or c]emonial impurity1 is tak5 to a well1 f :i* %e has to br+ home wat]1 & is requir$ to wor%ip ! well ) ! foll[+ mat]ials1 viz43--cotton ?read1 copp] co9s1 cocoanuts & su* o!r fruit z c be _h on ! occasion4 #chi ,at ,v>sai 9 ! ,p5 taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 (f]+s ( cotton clo?1 copp] co9s1 cocoanuts1 betelnuts & planta9s are made to ! ,banyan1 ,pipal1 & ,umb> trees1 & also to holy wells4 ,! ,pipal1 ,tulsi1 & ,umb> trees are wor%ipp$ daily by wom5 9 ?is di/rict1 :ile ! ,banyan is wor%ipp$ on ! full moon day ( ,je/ha 7,june74 ,! mat]ials ( wor%ip are3--rice1 fruits1 wat]1 s&alpa/e1 fl[]s1 mangoes & jack fruits4 #cij ,at ,mld 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 ! ,banyan tree is wor%ipp$ by wom5 ( ! ,dwijas1 i4e41 ( ! twice born ca/es1 on ! full moon day ( ! mon? ( ,je/ha4 ,copp] or silv] co9s & fruit are (f]$ to ! tree4 ,^! (f]+s are tak5 by ! ,brhman prie/1 :o expla9s to !m ! modes ( wor%ip4 ,! ,brhman prie/ is also giv5 "s money z a gift4 ,?is ,vrata1 i4e41 v[1 is obs]v$ by wom5 by fa/+ = ?ree successive days1 f ! #ac? to ! #ae? day ( ! bright half ( ,je/ha 7,june74 ,! ,pipal tree is wor%ipp$ daily by "s m5 & wom5 ( ! ,brhman ca/e4 ,wom5 walk r\nd ?is tree = a hundr$ & eight times or m daily4 ,"s p]sons hold a ?read c]emony = ! ,pipal tree 9 ord] to obta9 a son1 & wor%ip ! tree = a c]ta9 p]iod4 ,x is wor%ipp$ ) fruit & copp] co9s4 ,wood5 cradles are also (f]$ to ! tree4 ,wells are wor%ipp$ on auspici\s days su* z ,p>wani by wom5 ( ! upp] ca/es4 #cia ,at ,padghe 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict ! ,banyan tree is wor%ipp$ on ! full moon day ( ,je/ha1 & ! ,pipal is wor%ipp$ e ,saturday 9 ! mon? ( ,%rwan 7,augu/74 ,! ,pipal tree is n wor%ipp$ be=e ! p]=mance ( its ?read c]emony1 & its ?read c]emony is n p]=m$ till ! tree be>s at lea/ "o ?\s& leaves4 #cib ,at ,kolhpur1 ! ,banyan & ,pipal trees are consid]$ v holy1 & (f]+s ( rags1 co9s1 etc41 are made to !m4 ,x is a cu/om among ! ,h9du wom5 to wor%ip ! ,banyan tree on ! full moon day ( ,je/ha4 ,(f]+s ( clo? & fruit are made to ?is tree1 & copp] or silv] co9s are giv5 z dak%ana4 ,"s wom5 make a small model 9 gold1 silv]1 or copp] ( ! ,banyan tree or ( its leaf1 & pres5t x to ! ,brhman prie/ along ) a pres5t ( money4 ,all ^! rites are requir$ to be /rictly p]=m$ z enjo9$ 9 ! ,%/ras4 #cic ,at ,ngo?ane 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 x is believ$ t m5 :o are well v]s$ 9 ! mantras ( wit*craft & sorc]y sometimes transf] diseases f "o p]son to ano!r4 #cid ,vacc9ation is believ$ to be a me?od ( transf]r+ disease to o!r p]sons4 #cie ,at ,mld 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict a me?od ( transf]r+ disease f "o p]son to ano!r is 9 practice among ! ,%udras4 ,x is z foll[s3--,a woman )\t a *ild cuts secretly a little piece f ! g>m5t ( a woman :o has *ildr54 ,%e !n burns ! piece1 puts ! a%es into wat]1 & ! mixture is !n drunk by ! b>r5 woman4 ,x is believ$ t1 by s do+1 ! evil _s ( ! disease t is tr\bl+ ! b>r5 woman is transf]r$ to ! o!r :o has *ildr54 ,! b>r5ness ( ! fir/ woman !n disappe>s1 & %e begets *ildr54 ,x is said t if ! second woman comes to "k ( ! mis*ief be=e us+ t g>m5t1 %e discont9ues ! use ( ! same1 & no h>m is done to h]4 #cif ,9 ! ,umb]gaon taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict ! me?ods ( transf]r+ disease are call$ ,mu? ,mrane1 i4e41 a bewit*$ lime is s5t to ! p]son to :om ! disease is to be transf]r$4 ,v>i\s mantras are also secretly repeat$ ) ! object ( transf]r+ ! disease to an enemy4 #cig ,at ,kolhpur1 !re are no me?ods ( transf]r+ disease to o!r p]sons1 b x is said t ! foll[+ c]emony is practis$ 9 ! case ( p]sons suff]+ f swoll5 gl&s4 ,rice1 ,udid gra9 etc4 are ti$ 9 a yell[ clo?1 & ?ree knots are made 9 x4 ,?is is !n kept = "o night "u ! pill[ ( ! diseas$ p]son4 ,x is tak5 out ! next morn+ & ?r[n away at a place :]e ?ree roads meet4 ,x is !n suppos$ t ! p]son :o /eps on ! bundle fir/ is attack$ ) ! disease1 & ! "o = :om ! rite is p]=m$ is cur$4 #cih ,at ,devgad taluka 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict x is believ$ t evil spirits are fond ( ?+s l a cock1 cocoanuts1 boil$ rice1 etc41 & :5 a p]son consid]s himself attack$ by evil spirits1 ^! ?+s are wav$ r\nd 8 body & ?r[n away at "s di/ance f 8 resid5ce4 ,?is is g5]ally done 9 ! ev5+1 b if necess>y x c be done at any "t4 ,! p]son :o goes to ?r[ ^! ?+s away is prohibit$ f look+ beh9d4 ,! ?+s requir$ = a bali1 i4e41 oblation1 on su* occasions are boil$ rice1 r$ p[d]1 & an oil lamp made ( black cotton wick4 #cii ,9 ! ,v5gurla taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 :5 a p]son is suff]+ f any disease = a long "t1 & :5 ord9>y m$ic9es prove to be ineffective1 a goat or a cock is wav$ r\nd ! body ( ! pati5t1 & are !n put beyond ! village b\nd>y or tak5 away by ! sorc]]4 ,:ile p]=m+ ?is rite1 ! man mu/ repeat c]ta9 mantras4 #djj ,at ,fonda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! use ( scapegoats is resort$ to 9 cases ( p]sons suppos$ to h be5 attack$ by evil spirits4 ,curds & boil$ rice are wav$ r\nd ! body ( ! diseas$ p]son & ?r[n away at a di/ance f ! h\se4 ,9 "s cases x is said t ! cock :i* is wav$ r\nd ! body ( ! sick p]son dies in/antane\sly4 #dja ,9 ! ,mlwan taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! scapegoat 7(t5 a cock7 is wav$ ?ree times r\nd ! sick p]son & ?r[n into ! /reet4 ,! man :o goes to ?r[ x away is prohibit$ f look+ beh9d4 ,burnt c[dung a%es are ?r[n out ( ! door aft] ! man has left ! h\se1 & ! door is clos$ at once4 #djb ,9 ! ,dpoli taluka1 cocoanuts1 curds1 boil$ rice1 turm]ic p[d]1 r$ p[d]1 cocks etc4 are wav$ r\nd ! body ( ! sick p]son & tak5 beyond ! village b\nd>y or to a big tree suppos$ to be haunt$ by evil spirits1 & 9 "s cases ^! ?+s are ?r[n away :]e f\r roads meet4 #djc ,9 ! ,rjpur taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict scapegoats are us$ by ! l[ ca/e p1 :ile ,brhmans use cocoanuts1 boil$ rice & copp] co9s4 #djd ,at ,kl%e 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict eggs1 cocks1 goats1 etc4 are us$ z scapegoats4 ,^! ?+s are wav$ r\nd ! body ( ! pati5t1 & tak5 beyond ! village limits or f> f ! resid5ce ( ! sick p]son4 ,= ?is rite a man f ! ,ghdi1 ,gurav1 ,rval1 or ,mahr ca/e is invit$ at night1 & he is paid 9 ca% = 8 s]vices4 #dje ,at ,ibrmpur 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! cocks & goats us$ = driv+ out evil spirits f ! body ( ! pati5t are n ?r[n away1 b are eat5 by ! exorci/4 #djf ,at ,navre 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 h5s are us$ to extract ! poison ( snake bites f ! body ( ! suff]]4 ,9 cases ( evil spirits alone1 cocoanuts1 cocks & goats are us$ z scapegoats4 #djg ,at ,dsgaon 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 a ,p>adi 7basket7 conta9+ black glass beads1 bangles1 turm]ic & r$ p[d]s1 sweetmeat ( five sorts1 fl[]s1 cocoanut1 a burn+ sc5t$ /ick1 & rice1 is wav$ ?ree times r\nd ! body ( ! pati5t1 & ?r[n away outside ! village4 #djh ,at ,kolhpur1 ! use ( f[ls1 goats1 limes1 cocoanuts1 copp] co9s1 dry *illies & salt is 9 vogue1 n only 9 cases ( sick p]sons1 b also :5 a p]son p]=ms a feat su* z b5d+ an iron b>1 or d\bl+ ) 8 h&s a silv] co91 or w9n+ a victory 9 wre/l+4 ,! articles are !n wav$ r\nd him & ?r[n away 9 ord] t he may n suff] f an evil eye4 ,among ! ri* ! same rite is p]=m$ on ord9>y occasions su* z leav+ a h\se1 />t+ on a j\rney etc4 ,9 cases ( illness x is specially p]=m$ 9 ! ev5+1 & ! articles are ?r[n away at ! outskirts ( ! village1 or by ! side ( a well4 #dji ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,wor%ip ,,( ,,ance/ors ,,& ,,sa9ts4 ,9 ! ,konkan1 especially among ! l[] classes1 a /rong belief prevails reg>d+ ! mortality ( ! spirits ( ! dead & ( _! re-appe>ance or re-bir? 9 _! *ildr54 ,& = ?is reason1 z well z = protection aga9/ evil1 ! dead ance/ors are wor%ipp$4 ,! cu/om reg>d+ ! wor%ip ( ance/ors prevail+ at ,kl%e 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict is z foll[s3--,! wor%ip ( ance/ors is call$ ,%rddha 7anniv]s>y74 ,x is p]=m$ on ! no moon day ( e mon?1 on ! date ( ! dea? ( ! p]son e ye>1 & also on ! same date ( ! d>k half ( ! mon? ( ,bhdrapada 7,septemb]74 ,among ! ,brhmans1 ,brhman prie/s are invit$1 wor%ipp$1 & are giv5 a fea/1 aft] wor%ipp+ balls ( boil$ rice z repres5t+ ! dead ance/ors4 ,! special mat]ials us$ = wor%ip are sesamum & b>ley gra94 ,! same cu/om prevails among non-,brhmans ) ! exception t ! balls are made ( rice fl\r & n ( boil$ rice4 ,to p>take ( ! food on su* occasions1 ! l[] classes invite m>ri$ p]sons ( _! own ca/e4 ,! anniv]s>y day ( ,sdhus & ,mahants1 i4e41 sa9ts1 is call$ ,punya ti?i1 i4e41 ! day ( m]it4 ,x is commonly believ$ t spirits are mortal4 ,! life ( ! deceas$ rema9s 9 ! _s condition until ! s9s :i* he may h committ$ are wa%$ away by ! good de$s ( 8 desc5dants4 ,!re is no belief t "o _s dies & ano!r takes its place1 b x is believ$ t ! ance/ors are sometimes reborn 9 ! same family4 #daj ,at ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,v5gurla taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ance/ors are wor%ipp$ e ye> on ! same date ( ! mon? 7accord+ to ! ,h9du cal5d> ye>7 on :i* ! p]son di$1 by p]=m+ a ,%rddha rite4 ,!y are also wor%ipp$ on ! same date 9 ! second half ( ,bhdrapada 7,septemb]7 e ye>4 ,?is is by a rite call$ ,mahlaya ,%rddha4 ,on bo? ^! occasions ,brhmans are invit$1 & ! wor%ipp+ c]emony is p]=m$ by repeat+ ! mantras4 ,aft] ! c]emony1 all ! invit$ gue/s m5 & wom5 p>take ( food4 ,sdhus are wor%ipp$ aft] wa%+ _! feet ) s&al pa/e1 fl[]s1 cocoanuts & gifts ( money4 ,x is believ$ t evil spirits und]go a trans=mation aft] a lapse ( twelve ye>s4 ,! practice ( giv+ ! names ( ance/ors to *ildr5 is common1 & x is due to ! belief t ! spirits ( ! dead are reborn 9 *ildr5 9 ! same family4 #daa ,at ,p5dur 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! ance/ors are wor%ipp$ on ! la/ day ( e ,h9du cal5d> mon?4 ,?is mon?ly wor%ip is call$ ,d>%a ,%rddha4 ,! annual anniv]s>y ( ! manes is celebrat$ by ! c]emony call$ ! ,smvats>ik ,%rddha4 ,if any ance/or has di$ aft] becom+ a recluse or ,sanysi1 8 body is buri$1 & a tomb call$ a samdhi is erect$ ov] x2 & 8 desc5dants1 in/ead ( p]=m+ ! annual ,%rddha1 wor%ip ! tomb ( ! recluse e day4 ,x is believ$ t ! spirits take a diff]5t =m aft] ! lapse ( sev5 g5]ations4 ,! belief t ! spirits ( ! dead are reborn 9 ! same family prevails among ! p ( ?is di/rict4 ,! foll[+ measures are adopt$ = ! purpose ( id5tification4 ,:5 a p]son dies 9 a family1 a basil or bel leaf is plac$ on a c]ta9 "p ( ! body1 or "s famili> sign is made 9 s&al pa/e2 & :5 a *ild is born 9 ! family1 its body is c>efully exam9$ to asc]ta9 :e!r !re are any signs on ! body ( ! *ild su* z 7 made on ! dead body ( ! ance/or4 ,if ! same sign appe>s to ! satisfaction ( ! memb]s ( ! family1 x is believ$ t ! dead p]son has be5 reborn 9 ! same family4 #dab ,at ,nav>e 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ,brhmans are invit$1 wor%ipp$ & giv5 a fea/ 9 hon\r ( ance/ors4 ,sdhus & ,mahants1 or sa9ts1 are wor%ipp$ by giv+ !m ! same hon\r accord$ to ! family deities4 #dac ,at ,basani 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! anniv]s>y day ( sa9ts is obs]v$ by ! p]=mance ( a ,bhajan1 :i* consi/s 9 s++ ! good de$s ( sa9ts & 9 (f]+ pray]s4 ,x is believ$ t spirits are mortal1 b !y d n die l ord9>y human be+s4 ,!y cease to exi/ z spirits z soon z ! p]iod ( _! release is ov]4 ,! spirits obta9 absolution by visit+ c]ta9 holy places4 #dad ,at ,dabhol 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! p believe t ! s\ls ( ance/ors are reborn 9 *ildr5 9 ! same family if "s ( _! desires rema9 unfulfill$ at ! "t ( _! demise4 #dae ,at ,%iravde 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ance/ors are wor%ipp$ e ye> by p]=m+ ! rites call$ t>pan1 :i* consi/ 9 (f]+ oblations ( holy wat]1 sesamum1 b>ley gra9s & repeat+ pray]s4 ,! t>pan is obs]v$ on ! v date ( ! mon? 9 :i* ! p]son di$4 ,! proc$ure ( wor%ipp+ ! ,h9du sa9ts is simil> to t ( ! o!r deities4 ,ow+ to ! belief t ! spirits ( ! dead are reborn 9 *ildr5 9 ! same family ! "n ( ! gr&fa!r is giv5 to ! gr&son4 #daf ,at ,nr+re 9 ! ,ratngiri taluka ance/ors are wor%ipp$ by invit+ ,brhman prie/s1 & wor%ipp+ !m ) s&al pa/e & fl[]s4 ,^! ,brhmans are suppos$ to repres5t ! fa!r1 gr&fa!r & great gr&fa!r ( ! wor%ipp]4 #dag ,at ,bndivade 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! leaves ( ! h]b call$ pud9a1 7a good m$ic9e = worms7 sesamum1 & d>bha grass are requir$ = ! wor%ip ( ance/ors4 ,! man :o wor%ips ! ance/ors has to turn 8 sacr$ ?read f ! "r h& to ! left4 #dah ,at ,anj>le 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ,mahants & ,sdhus are wor%ipp$ 9 _! life-"t l family deities1 & _! tombs are wor%ipp$ aft] _! dea?4 #dai ,at ,fonda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ance/ors are wor%ipp$ by mak+ balls ( boil$ rice on _! anniv]s>y day4 ,! balls are suppos$ to take ! place ( ! dead p>5ts1 & !y are wor%ipp$ ) s&al pa/e & fl[]s1 & by burn+ inc5se & light+ a lamp ( cl>ifi$ butt]4 ,betelnuts & leaves1 cocoanuts & ,dak%9a 7pres5ts ( money7 are giv5 to !m4 ,p also b[ be=e !m4 ,mahants & ,sdhus are wor%ipp$ by wa%+ _! feet1 s&al pa/e is appli$ to _! body1 & !y are g>l&$ ) fl[]s4 ,cocoanuts1 a piece ( clo? & a gift 9 co9s are giv5 to !m accord+ to ! means ( ! giv]4 ,x is said t spirits c rema9 z spirits = ab\t a ?\s& ye>s4 #dbj ,at ,vijayadurg 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! me?od ( wor%ipp+ ance/ors is z foll[s3--,9 "s cases eld]ly p>5ts z well z a gr&fa!r & great gr&fa!r are also wor%ipp$1 _! feet are wa%$ ) wat]1 & ! wat] is accept$ z tir? or holy wat]4 ,:ile wor%ipp+ ! ,mahants & ,sdhus1 or sa9ts1 wat] is p\r$ on _! "r h&1 & !y are wor%ipp$ ) s&al pa/e & fl[]s1 & giv5 a dak%ana or gifts ( money accord+ to "o's means & w4 ,! pdukas1 or foot pr9ts1 ( sa9ts are wor%ipp$ aft] _! dea?4 #dba ,at ,mi?bv 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict holy p]sons su* z ,sanysis are wor%ipp$ aft] _! dea? by p]=m+ _! anniv]s>y c]emony e ye>4 ,x is believ$ t spirits are mortal4 ,evil spirits su* z munjas1 etc41 und]go a k9d ( trans=mation1 & x is believ$ t ?is occurs at places l ,n>soba's ,wdi4 #dbb ,at ,devgad 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ance/ors are wor%ipp$ on _! anniv]s>y days1 ! manes be+ repres5t$ by pieces ( ,d>bha grass & balls ( boil$ rice4 #dbc ,at ,poladpur 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict a p]son ^: fa!r is alive b :o has lo/ 8 "m's fa!r1 has to p]=m ! ,%rddha ( t gr&fa!r on ! #a/ day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v9 7,octob]74 ,?is ,%rddha is call$ ,duhitra4 ,a p]son :o has lo/ 8 wife has to p]=m ! ,%rddha = t wife on ! #i? day ( ! d>k half ( ! mon? ( ,bhdrapada4 ,?is day is call$ ,ahev ,navami4 ,^! diff]5t sorts ( ,%rddhas are obs]v$ only by ! high class ,h9dus4 ,! l[] classes wor%ip _! ance/ors on ! la/ day ( ! mon? ( ,bhdrapada by prep>+ a ball ( boil$ rice or fl\r1 & putt+ x out = ! cr[s to eat4 ,x is believ$ t spirits are mortal4 ,! c]emony call$ ,n>ayan ,nagabali is p]=m$ :5 x is believ$ t ! _s ( an ance/or is giv+ tr\ble to ! family4 ,:5 ?is rite is p]=m$1 ! _s is sav$ & ! ailm5t ceases4 ,x is believ$ t ! spirits ( ! dead are sometimes reborn 9 *ildr5 9 ! same family1 & 9 su* cases ! names ( ! ance/ors are giv5 to _! *ildr5 by ! p4 #dbd ,at ,khopoli 9 ! ,k>jat taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict ! =m ( wor%ip ( ance/ors is simil> to t ( ! ord9>y ,h9du deities4 ,9 ! case ( ! wor%ip ( ! deities ! p]son p]=m+ ! wor%ip has to sit ) 8 face t[>ds ! ea/1 :ile at ! wor%ip ( ! ance/ors he has to sit ) 8 face t[>ds ! s\?4 #dbe ,at ,*aul 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 ! tombs ( ,sanysis1 i4e41 ascetics & ,sdhus are wor%ipp$ on _! anniv]s>y days1 & a great fair is held 9 _! hon\r4 ,! o!r ance/ors are wor%ipp$ by ! %rddha rites4 ,! anniv]s>y ( ! f\nd]s ( ! diff]5t sects is obs]v$ by _! foll[]s by a bhajan1 i4e41 s++ songs 9 _! own /yle & exhibit+ ! diff]5t insignia & flag ( ! sect z advis$ by _! f\nd]s4 #dbf ,! p ( ,*idhran 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict believe t ! p]iod = :i* ! s\l has to rema9 9 ! _s /ate dep5ds ^u ! s9s ( ! p]son1 or ! wi%es :i* rema9$ unfulfill$ dur+ 8 life "t4 ,x is n t all ! spirits ( ! dead are reborn 9 *ildr54 ,! rebir? dep5ds ^u ! good or bad de$s ( ! deceas$4 ,h[ev]1 if ! nature ( any *ild sugge/s ! nature ( any dead p]son 9 ! family1 x is assum$ t ! _s ( ! deceas$ has return$ to ! family4 #dbg ,at ,ngo?ane 9 ! ,p5 taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict "s ( ! communities wor%ip small images call$ tnks on ! anniv]s>y ( _! ance/ors' dea?2 among ! ,%udras food is giv5 to ! cr[s on ! la/ day ( ,bhdrapad4 ,! cu/om ( giv+ a gr&fa!r's "n to ! gr&son prevails l>gely1 & is due to ! belief t ! spirits ( ! dead are sometimes reborn 9 ! same family4 #dbh ,x is also said t 9 "s ( ! ,h9du communities1 if a *ild cries cont9u\sly1 a%es are appli$ to its =ehead 9 ! "n ( "o ( ! ance/ors 9 ! family2 & if ! *ild sleeps quietly or /ops cry+1 ! "n ( t ance/or is giv5 to x4 #dbi ,at ,%irgaon 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 ! wor%ip ( ance/ors is p]=m$ on ! day ( ! fa!r's dea?1 e ye>4 ,on any auspici\s occasion ! rite call$ ,n&i %rddha is p]=m$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! c]emony4 ,x is believ$ t evil spirits or gho/s h to rema9 9 ! gho/ly /ate = ab\t "o ?\s& ye>s1 or at lea/ until "o ( ! desc5dants 9 ! family goes to a holy place l ,k%i 7,b5>es7 & !re p]=ms ! %rddha rites ( 8 ance/ors4 #dcj ,at ,mld 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 ! wor%ip ( ance/ors is p]=m$ on ! day ( ! fa!r's dea? e mon? till ! completion ( "o ye> by invit+ ,brhmans & giv+ !m a fea/4 ,?is is done among ,brhmans only4 ,! o!r communities wor%ip _! ance/ors by p]=m+ ! rite call$ ,*ata ,%rddha & by giv+ ,%idha1 i4e41 rice1 pulse1 vegetables & ghi to ,brhman prie/s4 ,a fea/ is !n giv5 to _! ca/em54 #dca ,at ,kolhpur1 ance/ors1 ,mahants & ,sdhus are wor%ipp$ by ! rites kn[n z ! ,puranic ritual1 t is1 no ,v$ic mantras are repeat$ :ile p]=m+ ^! rites4 ,x is a common belief 9 ?is prov9ce t ! s\l ( ! p]son :o has committ$ a murd]1 or has incurr$ debt & enmity1 is oblig$ to repay ! debt by be+ born aga9 z a s]vant or 9 "s o!r subord9ate capacity ( ! debtor4 #dcb ,! tombs ( ! ,h9du & ,mahom$an sa9ts are consid]$ holy1 b !y are n suppos$ to possess miracul> p[]s4 #dcc ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( sa9ts :o h be5 deifi$ & wor%ipp$ by ! p ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict4 7#a7 ,mukundrj1 7#b7 ,dnyndev1 7#c7 ,tukrm1 7#d7 ,ekn?1 7#e7 ,nmdev1 7#f7 ,rmds1 7#g7 ,akkalkot*e ,swmi1 7#h7 ,rangan?1 7#i7 ,dev ,mmlatdr1 7#aj7 ,kabir1 7#aa7 ,kaml1 7#ab7 ,nipat ,niranjan1 7#ac7 ,tul%ids1 7#ad7 ,pundalik1 7#ae7 ,va%i/ha1 7#af7 ,datttraya1 7#ag7 ,sohiroba1 7#ah7 ,gorak%ana?1 7#ai7 ,purnan?4 ,at ,%iroda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict a practice prevails ( mak+ v[s to ! tombs ( wom5 :o burnt !mselves z ,satvis4 ,v[s are also made to ! ,musalman ,pirs1 & (f]+s are (t5 made 9 fulfilm5t ( su* v[s4 #dcd ,at ! =t ( ,vi%lgad !re is a tomb ( a ,pir 7sa9t74 ,x is usual to make a v[ to wor%ip ?is ,pir ) fett]s on "o's legs1 & x is believ$ t1 at ! "t ( wor%ip1 ! *a9s break (f4 #dce ,!re is at ,dahibv 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict a tomb ( a ,h9du sa9t nam$ ,%ri ,an& ,murti1 to :i* ! p ( t locality make v[s :5 sev]e calamities befall !m1 & x is believ$ t ! sa9t li/5s to _! pray]s4 #dcf ,:5 a ,brhman assumes ! g>b ( a recluse or ,sanysi1 he is consid]$ by ! p z sacr$ z a ,h9du god1 & is wor%ipp$ ) great rev]5ce1 provid$ he abides by ! rules conta9$ 9 ! %/ras4 #dcg ,!re is a tomb ( a ,pir at ,bwa ,mlangad 9 ! ,panwel taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 :]e ! p make v[s to ! ,pir1 & x is believ$ t ! ,pir fulfils _! wi%es4 ,h9du sa9ts su* z ,rmds1 ,dnyne%w>1 ,nmdev are held 9 great hon\r 9 ?is ,di/rict4 #dch ,!re is a temple ( ,ngoba at ,avas 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict :]e p]sons suff]+ f snake-bite1 if c>ri$ to ! temple :ile /ill alive1 are said to be cur$4 #dci ,at ,kawad 9 ! ,bhiw&i taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict !re is a tomb ( a ,brahma*ri nam$ ,sakhrm ,bva :o has be5 deifi$ by ! p ( t ,di/rict4 ,a great fair is held at ! tomb e ye>4 #ddj ,! foll[+ in/ance is giv5 ( a miracle at ! tomb ( ,sakhrm ,bva ( ,kawad4 ,a man suff]+ f fits %[$ an incl9ation to g to ,kawad to read ,guru ,*>itra = sev5 successive days4 ,he 0 tak5 to t place accord+ly4 ,aft] 8 arrival1 he cont9u$ to suff] f ^! fits 9 ! morn+ & ev5+ at ! "t ( ! wor%ip at ! tomb4 ,once dur+ ! fits he said t he w\ld be free f ! disease if ,rs4 #bjj 7 sp5t 9 giv+ a fea/ to ! ,brhmans at ,pli4 ,! relatives ( ! suff]] agre$ to arrange accord+ly1 & in/antly ! man put 8 head on ! ,samdhi 7tomb7 & ?rew himself on 8 back4 ,he came to 8 s5ses aft] t5 m9utes1 & f t "t he 0 completely cur$4 ,a fea/ 0 !n giv5 to ! ,brhmans at ,pli1 & ,rs4 #bjj 7 sp5t ov] x z promis$4 ,ano!r in/ance ( miracul> p[] is cit$1 & t is ( ! prie/ ( ! goddess ,mahaluxmi ( ,kolwan4 ,?is prie/ goes up & hoi/s ! flag ( ! goddess on a /eep hill :i* no o!r p]son c climb1 & x is believ$ t he c d ?is only :5 ! _s ( ! goddess ent]s 8 body4 #dda ,at ,umb]gaon 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict !re is a miracle-work+ tomb ( a sa9t call$ ! ,dtr ,pir4 ,sakhrmbva ( ,angaon ,kawad1 a ,h9du sa9t1 is held 9 high hon\r 9 ?is village4 #ddb ,at ?is place x is also believ$ t "s ( ! ,pirs walk r\nd ! village at night1 & _! tombs are said to be se5 9 motion4 ,! ,dtr ,pir is wor%ipp$ ev5 by ! ,h9dus ( t locality4 #ddc ,at ,%irosi 9 ! ,murbd ,taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict1 ,sakhrmbva ( ,kawad1 ,dev ,mmlatdr1 ,*&irmbuva ( ,kh$1 ,n>ayanbuva ( ,nanuri1 ! ,swmi ( ,akkalkot1 ! ,swmi ( ,kumbh> ,pe? at ,kolhpur1 & ! ,d&ek]buva ( ,rjpur are ! pr9cipal sa9ts held 9 hon\r by ! p4 #ddd ,at ,mnikpur 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict x is said t a bright light or flames emanate f c]ta9 tombs ( ,musalman sa9ts4 #dde ,at ,umela 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict x is said t flames & smoke are giv5 out f ! tombs ( c]ta9 ,mahom$an sa9ts situat$ 9 ! locality4 ,^! flames appe> & disappe> v sudd5ly4 #ddf ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict p believe t ! ,samdhi ( ,swmi ,an&mrti1 :o 0 a disciple ( ,raghuna? ,swmi ( ,bhramanl1 %akes on ! ,%iw>tri day1 t is ! #ac? ( ! d>k half ( ,mgha1 & on ! ,rmanawami day i4e4 ! #i? ( ! bright half ( ,*aitra1 at ! "t ( ! wor%ip call$ ,bhajan4 ,among ! tombs held mo/ sacr$ by ! ,h9dus ( ! ,konkan may be m5tion$ ! foll[+ viz43 ,bhujang ,swmi ( ,lokapur1 ,rmds ,swmi1 ! ,samdhi ( ,%ri ,%ank>*rya at ,%irgaon1 ,*9taman ,swmi ( ,murgud1 & ! ,samdhi ( ,mangalmrti ,morya at ,*9*wad ne> ,poona4 ,all ^! ,swmis 7 ,brahma*ris or ba*elors1 & !y sp5t _! lives 9 ! s]vice ( ,god & prea*$ virtue & morality to ! masses4 ,^! ,samdhis are ( two k9ds3 7#a7 ( sa9ts aft] dea?1 & 7#b7 ( sa9ts on ! po9t ( dea?4 ,! ?ird k9d is call$ ,jal ,samdhi1 i4e41 imm]sion 9 wat]1 b no tomb ( ! latt] k9d is to be f\nd 9 ?is ,prov9ce4 ,x is said t1 if a lime is plac$ above ! ,samdhi ( ,bhujanga ,swmi1 x beg9s to %ake at ! "t ( ! ,arti c]emony4 ,! pres5t disciple ( ,bhujanga ,swmi sits 9 7,samdhi7 m$itation cont9u\sly = f\r to eight days4 ,!re prevails a belief at ,kolhpur t ! swmi ^: body is buri$ 9 ! tomb at ,*9*wad is /ill alive4 ,"s ye>s ago :5 ! pres5t disciple ( ! ,*9*wad ,swmi 0 anxi\s to take ,samdh1 he _h a dream 9 :i* ! swmi 9 ! tomb told him t he 0 /ill liv+ 9 t ,samdhi1 & t !re=e !re 0 no ne$ = 8 disciple to take ,samdh4 ,he 0 ?us oblig$ to =ego ! project4 ,! ,pe%was ( ,poona1 :o 7 /aun* devotees ( ! ,*9*wad swmi1 & by ^: fav\r !y 7 rais$ to a position ( social equality among ! ,deccan ,brhmans1 grant$ an ,inam ( "s villages = ! ma9t5ance ( ?is ,samdhi1 & ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t h all[$ ! desc5dants ( ! swmi to reta9 ! ,inam4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal ,musalman sa9ts :o h be5 deifi$ 9 ! ,kolhapur ,di/rict3-- 7#a7 ,bba ,jaml1 7#b7 ,ghod ,pir1 7#c7 ,b>a ,imm1 7#d7 ,ava*it ,pir1 7#e7 ,buran ,sheb & 7#e7 ,mira ,sheb ( ,miraj4 ,all ^! ,pirs h be5 suppli$ ) annual grants ( money by ! ,kolhpur ,/ate4 #ddg ,at ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,v5gurla taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict "s ,h9dus h adopt$ ! wor%ip ( ,mahom$an sa9ts4 ,mahom$an ,pirs are wor%ipp$ 9 ! mon? ( ,moh>ram4 ,on ^! occasions ,h9dus beg 9 ! t[n 9 ! disguise ( ,fakirs1 & ! alms ?us obta9$ are (f]$ to ! ,pir4 ,!y make (f]+s ( wat] to ! ,pirs1 :ile ! tbuts are be+ c>ri$ to ! sea = imm]sion4 ,b ?is practice is be+ sl[ly discont9u$4 #ddh ,at ,bndivade 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ,h9dus (f] cocoanuts & khi*adi to ! ,pirs at ! "t ( ! ,moh>ram1 & at "s places a lamp is kept burn+ e ,monday 9 hon\r ( a ,pir4 #ddi ,at ,klbdevi 9 ! ,ratngiri taluka !re is a tomb ( a ,musalmn sa9t :o is wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus4 ,simil>ly !re is a ,pir at ,gaonkhdi 9 ! ,rjpur taluka :o is held 9 rev]5ce ev5 by high ca/e ,h9dus4 #dej ,at ,ade 9 ! ,dpoli taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict !re is a tomb ( a ,musalman sa9t :i* is wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus includ+ ! ,brhmans4 ,! build+ & also ! mosque 9 t village h be5 repair$ f contributions obta9$ f high class ,h9dus4 #dea ,_m ,h9dus ( ,devagad 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict wor%ip ,musalman sa9ts4 ,occasionally !y (f] cocoanuts to tbuts1 & ?r[ r$ p[d] ov] !m4 ,!y also make v[s to ! ,pirs4 #deb ,!re are two ,pirs at ,vijayadurg :o are wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus4 ,! same practice prevails at ,rjpur & ,khreptan4 #dec ,at ,*auk 9 ! ,k>jat taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict "s ,h9dus wor%ip ,pirs4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,ketk> family ( ,*auk are ! ,pujris or m9i/rants ( ! ,musalmn sa9t kn[n z ,bva ,mlangad4 ,?is %[s t ev5 ,brhmans wor%ip ,musalmn sa9ts4 #ded ,! tomb ( ,bva ,mlangad situat$ 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict is wor%ipp$ fir/ by a ,brhman & !n by ,musalmns4 ,! ,brhman wor%ipp] p]=ms ?is task m = ! pecuni>y b5efit :i* he d]ives f ! wor%ip ?an f fai? 9 ! div9ity ( ! ,pir4 #dee ,at ,poladpur 9 ! ,mahd taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict !re are no in/ances ( ,musalmn sa9ts be+ wor%ipp$ by ,h9dus1 b p]sons wi%+ to h *ildr5 make v[s to ,pirs1 & *ildr5 born by ! fav\r ( su* ,pirs are requir$ to assume ! robe ( a ,fakir dur+ ! ,moh>ram fe/ivities4 #def ,! practice ( wor%ipp+ su* sa9ts exi/s at ,khopoli 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict4 ,p]sons 9 tr\ble1 or desir\s ( gett+ *ildr51 make v[s to ! sa9t ,imm ,husse91 & :5 _! desires are fulfill$ !y dress !mselves z ,fakirs & beg at c]ta9 places dur+ ! ,moh>ram fe/ivities4 #deg ,a c]ta9 ,lak%man ,gangdh> ,jo%i ( ,rewd&a 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict is ! ,mujw> 7prie/ or m9i/rant7 ( a ,musalman sa9t ,*nsewalli & he holds an ,9m 9 connection ) 8 (fice ( ,mujw> ( ! sa9t's ,d>ga4 #deh ,at ,ak%i 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict !re is a tomb ( a ,pir :i* is wor%ipp$ by l[] class ,h9dus su* z ,kolis1 ,mlis & ,bh&ris4 #dei ,! ,h9dus ( ,bhuwan 9 ! ,murbd taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict wor%ip ! ,pir ( ! locality4 ,x is said t ! cultivators ( ! village once lo/ _! cattle1 & t a ,fakir attribut$ ! loss to ! rage ( ! ,pir4 ,s9ce t "t !y are c>eful to wor%ip ! sa9t1 & ! result is t !re has be5 no disease among _! cattle4 ,!y (f] ,mal9da1 i4e41 bread & jgri1 to ! ,pir e ,?ursday4 #dfj ,! ,h9du inhabitants ( ,mld 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict spr9kle wat] ov] ! roads by :i* ! tbuts are to pass1 & all[ _! *ildr5 to pass b5ea? ! tbuts4 ,"s ?r[ sweetmeat on ! tbuts1 & di/ribute ! same to ! poor4 #dfa ,at ,%irgaon 9 ! ,mhim taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict "s ,h9dus make v[s to ! local ,pir & take "p 9 ! tb procession4 ,!y p\r wat] ov] ! feet ( ! tb be>]s1 & ?r[ abir 7black sc5t$ p[d]7 & fl[]s on ! tbuts4 ,!y also di/ribute to ! fakirs ,mal9da1 or ,khi*adi4 #dfb ,! ,mujw> 7prie/7 ( ! sa9t ,walli ,amir ,%aha ( ,%ahpur 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict is a ,m>?a by ca/e4 #dfc ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict ,pirs are held 9 great rev]5ce by ,h9dus4 ,!y make v[s to ! ,pirs 9 ord] to get a son1 & :5 _! object is fulfill$ !y (f] a prep>ation ( ,til 7sesamum7 & sug> call$ ,rewadi1 & o!r sweets call$ ,*onge1 ,mal9da & ,p$he at ! "t ( ,moh>ram4 ,!y also give ,fakiri to _! sons 9 ! tb season4 ,"s ( !m ev5 br+ a tb & ,nl sheb to _! h\ses1 & sp5d mu* money on !m = illum9ations1 etc4 ,!y dance f "o ,nlpir to ! o!r say+ t ! ,nlpir has ent]$ _! bodies4 ,:ile go+ ?r\gh ! /reets !y cry out v l\dly ! words ',yalli ,dhulla'4 ,! holiday ( ! ,moh>ram is obs]v$ = t5 days4 ,on ! t5? day ! tbuts & ! ,nlpirs are tak5 to ! riv] = ! purpose ( imm]sion4 ,:ile return+ home f ! riv] ) ! bundle ( ! ,patka ( ,nlpir on _! heads !y cry out l\dly ! foll[+ words3 ,alabidyo la bid%a ya ,husan bani alido%ke sultn albida4 ,on ! ?ird day aft] ! imm]sion ( tbuts into ! riv]1 ! ,pirs devotees kill a goat 9 ! "n ( _! patron ,pir & make a prep>ation ( ! goat's fle% call$ ,konduri4 #dfd ,! foll[+ rites are 9 vogue = ! cure ( b>r5ness 9 ! village ( ,dbhol 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict4--7#a7 ,walk+ r\nd ! ,pipal tree daily2 7#b7 ,obs]v+ a fa/ = sixte5 successive ,mondays2 7#c7 ,p]=m+ ! wor%ip ( ,%iva aft] obs]v+ ! a=esaid fa/4 #dfe ,at ,kl%e 9 ! ,mlwan taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict a b>r5 woman is requir$ to walk r\nd a ,pipal tree e day 9 ! morn+1 & if ! b>r5ness be attribut$ to ! disfav\r ( any deity or ! attack ( an evil _s1 ! same deity or ! evil _s is invok$ & wor%ipp$ by ! woman h]self1 or ?r\gh a m$ium :o kn[s ! appropriate mode ( wor%ip4 #dff ,to /eal an e>!n image ( ! ,god ,ganpati1 to make a cross or a ,sw/ika on ! bodies ( *ildr5 ) m>k+ nut1 & ! wor%ip ( ! god ,mruti or "s o!r p[]ful deity at midnight 9 ! no moon by a b>r5 woman1 aft] dive/+ h]self ( h] clo!s1 are rural me?ods = ! cure ( b>r5ness obs]v$ at ,anj>le & o!r places 9 ! ,dpoli taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict4 #dfg ,at ,bndivade 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict copp] amulets & black cotton /r+s are us$ to cure b>r5ness4 ,"s p make v[s to a p>ticul> deity1 & "s p]=m ! rite ( ,ngabali4 #dfh ,to walk r\nd ,pipal & ,umb> trees1 to circumambulate ! temple ( a p>ticul> deity1 & to make v[s to t deity1 to recite or h recit$ ! holy scripture ,h>ivan%a1 are me?ods 9 practice = cure ( b>r5ness at ,a*re 9 ! ,mlwan taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict4 #dfi ,at ,vijayadurg 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 x is believ$ t beat+ a woman at ! "t ( an eclipse is "o ( ! sure/ me?ods ( cur+ b>r5ness4 ,"s p give *>ity1 obs]ve fa/s1 wor%ip c]ta9 deities & make v[s to !m to obta9 *ildr54 #dgj ,at ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 /eal+ ! idol ( ,kri%na :5 x is be+ wor%ipp$ on ! #h? day ( ! d>k half ( ,%rwan 7,augu/71 ! bir? day ( ! god ,kri%na1 & putt+ a cocoanut or a betelnut 9 its place is believ$ to be ! be/ me?od ( cur+ b>r5ness4 #dga ,at ,*auk 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 ! same plan ( /eal+ ! idol ( ! god ,kri%na is obs]v$ z a cure = b>r5ness4 ,b "h ! idol is return$ ) great pomp1 & replac$ 9 its orig9al place aft] ! bir? ( a *ild4 ,! godl+s ,hanumn & ,bawan ,vir are also wor%ipp$ = ! cure ( b>r5ness4 #dgb ,at ,poladpur 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict ! fav\rite me?od ( cur+ b>r5ness is to obta9 copp] amulets & black or r$ cotton /r+s f a ,fakir4 #dgc ,! foll[+ are ! me?ods 9 vogue = ! cure ( b>r5ness at ,khopoli 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict4 7#a7 ,to inquire f a sorc]] ! cause ( b>r5ness1 & !n to p]=m ! rites m5tion$ by him4 7#b7 ,to use copp] amulets & cotton /r+s tak5 f a ,mntrik1 i4e41 "o well v]s$ 9 ! mantras4 7#c7 ,to walk r\nd ! ,tulsi 7basil7 plant or ! ,pipal or ,banyan tree daily 9 ! morn+ aft] wor%ipp+ x4 7#d7 ,to fe$ ano!r woman's *ild1 or to give milk to a *ild4 #dgd ,at ,nta 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 a woman wi%+ to h a *ild is requir$ to /rike ) a knife ! ,jack1 ! ,tam>9d1 & ! ,*mpa trees dur+ an eclipse4 ,x is believ$ t by s do+ ! woman w be> a *ild1 & ! trees w also be> fl[]s & fruits4 #dge ,at ,m$he 9 ! ,roha taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 ! foll[+ me?ods are 9 vogue = ! cure ( b>r5ness3-- 7#a7 ,to wor%ip ! god ,%iva & to obs]ve fa/s on ,mondays4 7#b7 ,to wor%ip ! god ,ganpati & to obs]ve fa/s on ,sanka/hi *atur?i1 i4e41 ! f\r? day ( ! d>k half ( e mon?4 7#c7 ,to walk r\nd ! temple ( ,mruti & ,pipal & ,umb> trees e day1 9 ! morn+4 #dgf ,at ,padaghe 9 ! ,bhiw&i taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict1 images ( ,rma & ,kri%na are put into ! lap ( a b>r5 woman on _! respective bir?days i4e41 ! #i? day ( ! bright half ( ,*aitra1 & ! #h? day ( ! d>k half ( ,%rwan4 ,cocoanuts are also plac$ 9 h] lap ) ^! images4 #dgg ,at ,mnikpur 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict ! goddess ,%itala is wor%ipp$ by wom5 to cure b>r5ness4 ,!y obs]ve fa/s1 & g to ! temple ( ! goddess b>e-foot$ ) _! hair loose & ?r[+ milk on _! pa?4 ,!y (f] to ! goddess wood5 cradles & *ildr5's toys 9 fulfilm5t ( _! v[s4 #dgh ,at ,%irgaon 9 ! ,mhim taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict1 x is said t ! repetition ( ! mantra ,santn ,gopl jy is resort$ to z a cure = b>r5ness4 #dgi ,at ,wde 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 wom5 make v[s ev5 to m9or deities su* z ,*$oba to get rid ( b>r5ness4 ,!y also use copp] amulets & cotton /r+s procur$ f a sorc]] well v]s$ 9 ! use ( mantras4 #dhj ,at ,dahigaon 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict ! wor%ip ( ! god ,%ri ,satya ,nryan is held to cure b>r5ness4 ,"s wom5 also di/ribute to ! poor jgri equal to ! weight ( a *ild4 #dha ,at ,deh>i 9 ! ,murbd taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict1 ! village deity ,deh>i ,mta is invok$ & wor%ipp$ by wom5 = ! cure ( b>r5ness4 #dhb ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict1 ! help ( ! family deities & ( ! h\sehold deities is invok$4 ,wom5 take turns r\nd ! ,banyan1 ,pipal & ,umb>1 trees4 ,"s make v[s to ! gods1 & p]=m c]ta9 propitiatory rites z well z ! ,nryan ,ngabali4 ,x is believ$ t ! *ildr5 d n live long if a memb] ( ! family has kill$ a snake1 or if ! fun]al rites ( a p]son 9 ! family h rema9$ unp]=m$4 ,! foll[+ c]emony is kn[n z ,nryan ,ngabali4 ,a snake is made f ! fl\r ( ,rla 7panie se$71 & ano!r made ( gold is put into x4 ,x is !n burnt l a dead body4 ,all ! ord9>y fun]al rites are p]=m$4 ,aft] p]=m+ ! elev5? day rites1 homa1 i4e41 sacr$ fire1 is k9dl$ at night "t1 & aft] keep+ vigil = ! :ole night1 milk & a dak%ana are giv5 to ,brhmans4 ,a fea/ is giv5 to elev5 ,brhmans on t day4 ,on ! twelf? day sixte5 ,brhmans are f$1 & on ! ?irte5?1 five ,brhmans are giv5 a fea/1 aft] p]=m+ ! ,%rddha rites4 ,on ! f\rte5? day1 aga91 a fea/ is giv5 to ab\t #ajj to #ejj ,brhmans accord+ to ! means ( ! ho/4 ,x is believ$ t1 aft] ! p]=mance ( ^! rites1 ! s\l ( ! deceas$ rea*es heav51 & !re is an end to ! tr\bles & mis=tunes ( ! family4 #dhc ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,wor%ip ,,( ,,! ,,malevol5t ,,dead4 ,at ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! foll[+ dreams are believ$ to be lucky & propiti\s4 ,to swim ?r\gh ! riv] or sea1 to rise to ! sky1 to see ! ,sun1 ! ,moon & ! o!r planets1 to eat meat1 to ba! 9 blood1 & to eat rice & curds4 ,x is also believ$ t ! sight ( :ite objects 9 dreams =etells success 9 any "w or und]tak+ t may be 9 view4 ,a deity1 a ,brhman1 a k+1 a m>ri$ woman deck$ ) ornam5ts1 a bullock1 a m\nta91 trees full ( fruits1 climb+ ! ,umb] tree1 a look+ glass1 meat & fl[]s1 if se5 9 dreams1 are good om5s4 ,climb+ ! ,palas tree1 ,w>ul1 i4e41 an ant heap1 ! bitt] lime tree1 to m>ry1 to use r$ clo!s or r$ fl[] g>l&s1 to eat cook$ meat1 to see ! sun & ! moon )\t lu/re1 & to see %oot+ />s dur+ dreams1 are said to be bad om5s4 #dhd ,at ,mi?bv 9 ! ,devgad taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict dreams are believ$ to be caus$ by indige/ion & re/lessness4 ,to embrace a dead body 9 a dream1 to see tr\bl$ wat]s1 to d9e he>tily1 are said to be bad om5s4 ,fea/+ fri5ds & receiv+ gifts f !m are said to be good om5s4 #dhe ,at ,fonda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict dreams are said to indicate ?+s t h happ5$1 or are ab\t to happ5 9 ! ne> future4 ,all :ite sub/ances o!r ?an cotton1 salt1 & bones1 are consid]$ auspici\s1 & all black sub/ances except+ a lotus1 a horse1 an elephant1 & a deity are consid]$ inauspici\s4 #dhf ,at ,ibrmpur 9 ! ,*iplun taluka1 horrible dreams are good om5s1 :ile pleas+ dreams indicate approa*+ calamities4 #dhg ,at ,p5dur 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict x is believ$ t dreams =etell future ev5ts4 ,x is believ$ t ! dream w prove correct & effective if ! p]son dream+ has ask$ ?ree que/ions & receiv$ ?ree answ]s 9 8 dream4 ,^? dreams :i* are caus$ ?r\gh cold are call$ ,jalap4 ,!y are g5]ally false dreams1 & no good om5s are d]iv$ !refrom4 #dhh ,at ,basani 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict x is believ$ t ! ance/ors :o take int]e/ 9 ! welf>e ( _! desc5dants appe> 9 dreams & =etell future ev5ts1 s t ! dream+ p]son may take ! ne$ful precautions = ! prev5tion ( future calamities4 #dhi ,at ,kl%e 9 ! ,mlwan taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict x is believ$ t dreams 9 ! la/ "p ( ! night1 i4e41 j be=e daybreak1 & 9 :i* great m5 are se51 g5]ally prove effective4 ,if anybody sees himself m>ri$ 9 a dream x is suppos$ t he w he> ( ! dea? ( "s relative4 #dij ,at ,*auk 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict x is believ$ t1 :5 calamities are ?reat5$1 ! gu>dian deity ( ! family z well z ! dead ance/ors appe> 9 dreams & give w>n+s ( ! com+ calamities4 #dia ,! p ( ,poladpur 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict believe 9 dreams2 & :5 "s ( _! deities appe> 9 dreams & give !m advice or directions1 !y are c>eful to foll[ !m4 ,sometimes ev5 evil spirits appe> 9 dreams1 & advise ! p to d c]ta9 ?+s to av]t calamities4 ,p :o h fai? 9 su* spirits act accord+ to _! wi%es1 & if !y fail to d s1 tr\ble is sure to foll[4 #dib ,! p ( ,khopoli 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict believe t if a p]son sees 9 a dream1 ! dead body ( a ne> relative1 x indicates t ! p]son ^: corpse 0 se5 9 ! dream w live long4 #dic ,at ,birwadi 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict x is believ$ t if a p]son sees a snake 9 a dream1 a son w be born to him2 if he sees a hell1 he is sure to get weal?4 ,if he sees gold1 x is a sure sign ( los+ weal?4 ,aga91 if a p]son sees himself tak+ 8 meals 9 a dream1 x indicates t 8 dea? is nigh at h&4 #did ,at ,mld 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 om5s are d]iv$ f dreams4 ,9 case ( bad dreams ! god ,vi%nu is rememb]$1 & ! gods ,%ank> & ,mruti are also wor%ipp$4 #die ,at ,belpur1 wood1 c[dung cakes & turbid wat]1 if se5 9 dreams1 =etell calamities4 ,:ite clo!s1 beautiful fl[]s1 & food conta9+ sweetmeat are consid]$ auspici\s4 #dif ,at ,murbd 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict x is believ$ t all black ?+s1 & :ite ?+s su* z a%es1 are inauspici\s :5 se5 9 dreams1 b a black c[1 :ite fl[]s1 & pe>ls are auspici\s4 ,consid]+ ! f\r p>ts ( ! night1 ! dreams t occur 9 ! fir/ "p prove effective )9 "o ye>1 t ( ! second "p )9 six mon?s1 t ( ! ?ird )9 ?ree mon?s1 & ( ! f\r? )9 "o mon?1 & ^? caus$ at daybreak are realiz$ imm$iately4 #dig ,at ,kolhpur1 dreams are believ$ to be caus$ ?r\gh "s m5tal d]angem5t or bodily disord]4 ,x is cu/om>y to d]ive om5s f dreams1 b _! nature greatly dep5ds ^u ! diff]5t times at :i* ^! dreams occur4 ,! dreams caus$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! night1 i4e4 j be=e daybreak1 are believ$ to come true4 #dih ,at ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,v5gurla taluka x is believ$ t ! s\l ( a p]son leaves ! body tempor>ily dur+ 8 sleep2 h5ce x is said t no *anges or m>ks ( col\r1 etc4 %\ld be made on ! body ( a p]son dur+ sleep1 because x is believ$ t1 :ile return+1 ! s\l id5tifies ! body1 & if x is satisfi$ ) ! m>ks ( ! body x ent]s x2 o!rwise x might n return4 #dii ,at ,adiv>e x is believ$ t only ,h9du sa9ts & ascetics1 aft] deep & dev\t m$itation1 are capable ( remov+ ! s\l f ! body4 ,x is believ$ t _! s\ls g to heav5 dur+ t p]iod & return at pleasure4 ,at pres5t !re are no su* sdhus 9 ! di/rict4 #ejj ,_m ,h9dus 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict believe t ! s\l goes to dr9k wat] at night1 & !re=e keep a pot fill$ ) wat] at _! sleep+ place4 #eja ,! p ( ,*aul 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict d n consid] x possible ord9>ily = ! s\l to leave ! body1 b !y /ate t ! ,swmi ( ,al&i1 :o di$ 9 or ab\t ! ye> #ahhf1 us$ to remove 8 s\l f ! body by means ( ,yoga4 #ejb ,at ,kolhpur1 x is believ$ t ! s\l leaves ! body tempor>ily at night :5 a p]son is asleep4 #ejc ,at ,bankavali 9 ! ,dpoli taluka1 x is believ$ t gho/s or evil spirits h ! =m ( a human be+1 b _! feet are turn$ backw>ds4 ,!y c assume any =m !y *oose4 ,_! "* is ord9>ily to tr\ble ! p1 b :5 satisfi$ !y are said to prove fri5dly4 ,! foll[+ /ory is n>rat$ ( a p]son :o w5t to reside 9 "o ( ! villages ( ! ,konkan4 ,8 wife 0 fir/ attack$ by a gho/ call$ ,girha4 ,! ,girha tr\bl$ him mu* by play+ mis*ief 9 8 h\se1 viz43 by tak+ away eatables or by mix+ dirt 9 8 food4 ,at night he us$ to dive/ ! c\ple ( _! clo!s1 & on "o occasion an ornam5t 0 remov$ by ! _s f ! p]son ( ! wife4 ,tir$ ( ^! annoyances1 ! man left ! village & w5t to reside at a di/ance1 :51 to ! a/oni%m5t ( ! public1 x happ5$ t ! ornam5t :i* 0 lo/ at ! old village 0 re/or$ to ! man's wife :ile %e 0 asleep 9 ! new village1 & nobody knew :o br\ght x !re4 ,all ?is 0 believ$ to be ! "w ( ! ,girha4 #ejd ,at ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,v5gurla taluka p believe t a ,bhut is fi]ce 9 aspect & v tr\blesome1 b :5 its wi%es are compli$ )1 x becomes h>mless4 ,! ,bhuts reside 9 jungles1 burial or cremation gr\nds1 old trees1 sacr$ groves & des]t$ h\ses4 ,!y assume all sorts ( %apes & =ms4 ,sometimes !y appe> v tall1 & !y c in/antly assume ! %ape ( a dog1 a cat1 a tig]1 or any o!r animal4 ,"s gho/s are ev5 se5 fi%+ on ! banks ( riv]s4 #eje ,at ,mi?bv 9 ! ,devgad taluka x is believ$ t ! s\ls ( ^? :o die ) _! wi%es unfulfill$ take ! =m ( a ,bhut4 ,!y ent] ! bodies ( p4 ,any woman :o is attack$ by ! ,bhut ( a ,pir becomes able to speak 9 ! ,h9di language al?\gh x may n be h] "m tongue4 ,:5 a *ild or a p]son is suff]+ f ! attacks ( a _s1 inc5se is burnt1 & x at once beg9s to tell ! :]eab\ts ( ! _s & ! reason :y ! p]son has be5 attack$4 ,he is !n ask$ to /ate :at he wants1 & :5 ! ?+s :i* ! _s wants are (f]$1 x goes away4 #ejf ,spirits are g5]ally invisible4 ,! spirits t belong to ! class ( malignant ,bhuts are ( a f]oci\s appe>ance2 b ^? t belong to ! class ( fri5dly ,bhuts possess bodies l human be+s4 #ejg ,at ,nr+re 9 ! ,devgad taluka1 x is believ$ t spirits are cruel by nature & h no %ad[1 t !y are capable ( tak+ any =m !y l1 & c p]=m miracles4 #ejh ,at ,p5dur x is believ$ t ,bhuts eat *illies1 & t !y d n speak ) human be+s4 ,spirits are said to remove & conceal _! victims = a c]ta9 p]iod ( "t4 #eji ,at ,vijayadurg1 a ,bhut is consid]$ to be ( mean "*4 ,p p]=m c]ta9 rites to br+ x "u subjection4 ,_! actions are always contr>y to nature4 ,:5 a p]son beg9s to cry1 dance1 to eat =bidd5 ?+s etc4 he is said to be attack$ by a ,bhut4 ,:5 !re is enmity betwe5 two p]sons1 ! "o :o dies fir/ becomes a samb&h & tr\bles 8 liv+ enemy4 #eaj ,at ,basani1 !re is a belief t !re are two k9ds ( spirits4 ,"s aim at ! welf>e ( ! p1 & o!rs are always tr\blesome4 ,z !y h no regul> =m !y _c easily be recognis$4 ,!y c *ange _! =ms at any "t4 #eaa ,! "* ( a ,bhut is to tr\ble p & to take rev5ge on an old enemy4 ,a p]son attack$ by a _s speaks incoh]5tly & acts l a mad man4 ,9 su* cases ! leaves ( ! h]b satp are us$4 ,! leaves are p\nd$ & put "u ! pati5t's nose4 ,9 a few m9utes1 ! p]son :o is possess$ by ! _s beg9s to speak4 #eab ,! p ( ,*auk 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict believe t ! ma9 function ( a ,bhut is to fright5 p1 to beat !m1 & to make !m p]=m unpleasant tasks & !reby to obta9 food f !m4 #eac ,at ,poldpur x is believ$ t if a p]son is able to br+ a ,bhut "u 8 control he c make x d e k9d ( "w = himself4 #ead ,! p ( ,ak%i believe t k9dl+ fire )\t any reason & ?r[+ /ones at c]ta9 h\ses are ! ma9 functions ( ,bhuts4 #eae ,at ,vva%i 9 ! ,p5 taluka1 x is believ$ t ,bhuts1 :ile walk+1 nev] t\* ! e>? b always move ?r\gh ! air1 & t !y h no %ad[4 #eaf ,! old m5 ( ,%irgaum 9 ! ,mhim taluka advise "y *ildr5 n to respond to ! call ( anybody at night unless ! p]son call+ is an acqua9tance4 ,= su* calls are sometimes ^? ( an evil _s4 #eag ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict1 x is believ$ t ! "* ( a ,bhut is l t ( a human be+4 ,:5 a p]son is attack$ by a _s1 a great *ange is obs]v$ 9 8 language & actions4 ,he beg9s to speak 9 ! language ( ! ,bhut by :i* he is attack$4 ,if ! gho/ is ( ! female sex1 ! p]son speaks ! language ( females4 ,x is believ$ t ! s\ls ( ^? :o h be5 murd]$ or tortur$ assume ! =m ( a _s kn[n z ,samb&h1 & tr\ble ! murd]] or ! tortur]1 by ent]+ 8 body4 ,x is said t 9 "s cases ! _s does n leave ! body ( su* a p]son till he dies1 ?us exact+ rev5ge = 8 pa/ misde$s4 #eah ,9 ,khopoli 9 ,ratngiri x is said t ! c[ :i* is giv5 to a ,brhman :ile p]=m+ ! fun]al rites ( a dead p]son helps him to rea* heav54 ,he gets !re by cat*+ hold ( h] tail4 ,!re are ?ree pa?s to ! o!r _w4 ,!y are ,bhaktimrga1 ,k>mamrga1 & ,yogamrga4 ,! ,k>mamrga is believ$ to be sup]ior to all4 #eai ,at ,mld1 a belief prevails t ! pa? to ! o!r _w is ?r\gh ! ,himlayas4 ,:ile go+ ?r\gh ! m\nta9s ( ! ,himlayas1 s\ls f9d happ9ess or sorr[ accord+ to _! actions 9 life-"t4 ,! p also believe t ! s\l returns e mon? on ! date ( ! man's dea? to accept ,kgvs1 i4e41 cook$ food giv5 to ! manes1 & rea*es heav5 at ! end ( "o ye>4 #ebj ,at ,dahigaon 9 ! ,murbd taluka1 x is cu/om>y among ! ,h9dus to sme> ) c[ dung ! place f :i* a dead body has be5 remov$ to ! burn+ gr\nd4 ,! place is !n cov]$ ) rice fl\r1 & is hidd5 "u a basket1 an oil-lamp be+ kept1 burn+ ne> by4 ,! p]sons :o accompany ! corpse return home to look at ! lamp1 & x is believ$ t ! s\l ( ! deceas$ w pass to any creature or species ( :i* footpr9ts are se5 on ! rice fl\r4 #eba ,at ,kolhpur x is believ$ t ! s\l ( a p]son aft] dea? atta9s t /ate to :i* he aspires at ! la/ mom5t be=e 8 dea?4 ,virtu\s p]sons :o die )\t any desire rea* heav5 & rema9 !re 9 ! =m ( ! />s1 :]e !y are believ$ to enjoy ! happ9ess ( heav54 ,"s ( !m are s5t to ?is _w :5 !y wi% to return4 ,s9n]s are said to rea* hell 9 consequ5ce ( _! misde$s1 b "s rema9 9 ?is _w 9 ! =m ( ,bhuts4 #ebb ,! p ( ,a*>e 9 ! ,mlwan taluka believe t ! s\ls ( p]sons :o die by accid5t return to ! same ca/e1 & h to rema9 !re till ! expiry ( an appo9t$ p]iod4 #ebc ,! p ( ,*auk believe t p]sons dy+ a sudd5 or viol5t dea? leave wi%es unfulfill$1 & are !re=e compell$ to rema9 9 ?is _w 9 ! =m ( ,bhuts4 #ebd ,at ,ri 9 ! ,slsette taluka x is believ$ t ! s\ls ( ^? dy+ a sudd5 or viol5t dea? atta9 salvation accord+ to _! de$s 9 lifetime1 b x is a curr5t belief t ^? committ+ suicide take ! =m ( a gho/1 & ^? :o die on battlefields atta9 et]nal salvation4 #ebe ,at ,kolhpur1 x is believ$ t ! s\ls ( ^? :o die viol5t dea?s d n atta9 salvation1 b are turn$ into gho/s4 #ebf ,! p ( ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,v5gurla taluka believe t ,bhuts d n possess visible human =ms4 ,!y c assume any %apes !y l1 b !re is a common belief t ! h&s & feet ( ,bhuts are always turn$ backw>ds4 #ebg ,! mo/ fav\rable times = spirits to ent] human bodies are midday1 midnight & twilight4 #ebh ,wom5 9 deliv]y z well z ^? 9 _! m5ses are mo/ liable to be attack$ by spirits4 #ebi ,x is g5]ally believ$ t p]sons adorn$ ) ornam5ts are attack$ by spirits1 especially 9 cases ( wom5 & *ildr54 ,aga91 a common belief prevails 9 ! ,konkan t p]sons1 & p>ticul>ly ladies1 deck$ ) fl[]s & ornam5ts are m liable to be attack$ by spirits ?an o!rs4 #ecj ,! p ( ,fonda are ( op9ion t spirits g5]ally ent] & leave human bodies ?r\gh ! organ ( he>+1 :ile ! p ( ,nr+re hold t ! hair is ! be/ way = spirits to ent]4 #eca ,! resid5ts ( ,ibrmpur /ate t ! m\? & ! nose are ! fav\rite *annels = spirits ent]+ human bodies4 #ecb ,at ,mi?bv x is believ$ t spirits attack p 9 ! ?roat1 & g5]ally only ^? p]sons :o are uncleanly 9 _! habits are liable to be attack$4 ,!re are no special ways = ent]+ human bodies4 #ecc ,at ,*aul a belief prevails t spirits ent] ! body :5 a p]son is suff]+ f any disease or :5 he is fright5$4 #ecd ,9 ! ,konkan1 p attempt to f9d good or bad om5s 9 sneez+4 ,x dep5ds ^u ! "t & ! position or /&+ ( ! p]son :o sneezes4 ,if a sick p]son sneezes x is presum$ t he w recov] f 8 illness )9 a v %ort p]iod1 b if ! sneez+ is caus$ by ! use ( tobacco or snuff1 no good or bad om5s are drawn4 #ece ,sneez+ at ! "t ( conv]sation or :5 contemplat+ any p>ticul> task or bus9ess is held to be inauspici\s4 ,h5ce if anybody sneezes at ! beg9n+ ( a task1 or at ! "t ( />t+ out on any su* task1 ! "t is unfav\rable4 ,yawn+ is said to be caus$ by a relative or fri5d rememb]+ ! p]son :o yawns4 #ecf ,9 anci5t times happ9ess & calamities 7 =etold by a voice f ! sky1 & 9 mod]n days !y are express$ by sneez+4 ,p h mu* fai? 9 sneez+1 & (t5 inquire :e!r x is a good or bad om5 to sneeze at ! beg9n+ ( any "w or und]tak+4 #ecg ,if a man sneezes ) 8 face t[>ds ! we/1 x is consid]$ auspici\s4 ,if a man sneezes :ile contemplat+ any task or bus9ess1 ! sneez+ is consid]$ inauspici\s4 ,sneez+ at ! "t ( tak+ food i4e4 :ile at meals1 :ile sleep+1 & :ile sitt+ on a pray+ c>pet is consid]$ auspici\s4 ,sneez+ ) "o's face turn$ t[>ds ! nor?1 ! s\?1 & ! ea/ is also unlucky4 #ech ,9 ! case ( ,bhagats & exorci/s yawn+ is consid]$ to indicate t ! disease w disappe>4 #eci ,9 ! ,konkan x is believ$ t sneez+ & yawn+ indicate ! call ( dea?1 & !re=e x is cu/om>y among ! ,h9dus to snap ! ?umb & ! middle f+] at ! "t ( yawn+1 & to repeat ! words ,%atanjiva i4e4 ,live = hundr$ ye>s1 at ! "t ( sneez+4 #edj ,sneez+ on a ?re%old is believ$ to =ebode evil4 #eda ,at ,kolhpur1 p believe t sneez+ & yawn+ =ebode evil1 & ! practice is to repeat ! foll[+ words at ! "t ( sneez+ & yawn+1 viz1 ,%atanjiva i4e4 ,live a hundr$ ye>s1 & also to repeat ! "n ( ,rm1 :ile snapp+ ! ?umb & f+] 7*utaki74 ,9 ! case ( a p]son suff]+ f a s]i\s illness1 sneez+ is suppos$ to indicate a cure4 ,if a woman sneezes :ile a man speaks1 x is lucky1 & if a man sneezes x is unlucky4 ,! rev]se is ! case 9 respect ( females4 #edb ,9 ! ,konkan1 ,rk%asas1 or malevol5t spirits1 are believ$ to be v cruel4 ,^! evil spirits are held 9 great fe>1 & p try to avoid giv+ !m (f5ce4 ,x is suppos$ t to cause displeasure to ^! demons may br+ ab\t dea?4 ,) a view to propitiate !m1 (f]+s ( cocks & goats are made to !m e ye> regul>ly on fix$ days4 #edc ,if a woman gives bir? to a *ild :i* is extraord9>y or horrible 9 size & appe>ance1 x is believ$ to be a demon reborn4 ,su* a *ild is suppos$ to br+ bad luck to ! family4 #edd ,! ,konkan p believe t 9 =m] days ,rk%asas1 or malevol5t demons1 us$ to be tall1 ugly1 black1 ) long & loose hair1 big tee?1 & ) _! =eheads pa9t$ ) r$ lead1 or %5dur4 ,!y c\ld assume any =m !y lik$1 7 p[]ful1 & c\ld fly 9 ! air4 ,!y 7 fond ( human fle%4 #ede ,! p ( ,khopoli believe t ,khavis is ! gho/ ( an ,african ,sidhi4 ,?is _s is v malevol5t1 & exorci/s f9d x v difficult to br+ x "u control4 ,a /rong belief prevails 9 ! ,konkan di/ricts t ^? attack$ by ! spirits ( non-,h9dus are beyond cure4 #edf ,accord+ to ! belief ( ! p 9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict1 ,brahma ,rk%asa is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful spirits4 ,x takes up its abode 9 ! sacr$ ,pipal tree1 & :5 x attacks a p]son1 little hope is ent]ta9$ ( 8 deliv]y f its grasp4 #edg ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal malignant spirits ( ! ,konkan4 7#a7 ,vetl1 7#b7 ,brahmagraha1 7#c7 ,samb&has1 7#d7 ,deva*r1 7#e7 ,munja1 7#f7 ,khavis1 7#g7 ,girha1 7#h7 ,*etak1 7#i7 ,zot+1 7#aj7 ,vir1 7#aa7 ,*$a1 7#ab7 ,mhasoba1 7#ac7 ,jkh9 or ,alwant1 7#ad7 ,lvsant1 & 7#ae7 ,hadal4 7#a7 ,vetl is believ$ to be ! ,k+ ( ,spirits4 #edh ,vetl is consid]$ to be a deity & n an evil _s4 ,x ent]s into ! body ( an exorci/ & helps him to drive away o!r evil spirits4 #edi 7#b7 ,brahmagraha is ! gho/ ( a ,brhman well v]s$ 9 ! ,v$as1 b :o is ov] pr\d ( 8 education4 #eej 7#c7 ,samb&ha is ! _s ( a p]son :o dies )\t an heir1 & ^: fun]al rites h n be5 p]=m$ by any memb] ( 8 family4 ,x tr\bles ! memb]s ( ! family1 b :5 invok$ ?r\gh a ,bhagat x becomes h>mless1 & ev5 fav\rable to ! family4 #eea ,x is ! _s ( a covet\s p]son or a sanysi :o dies ) 8 desires unfulfill$4 #eeb ,x does n all[ anybody to enjoy 8 weal?1 & takes rev5ge on an enemy till dea? ensues4 ,x haunts trees1 wells & unoccupi$ h\ses4 #eec 7#d7 ,deva*r is ! _s ( a ,%udra :o dies aft] 8 m>riage4 #eed ,^! 7,deva*r7 spirits are said to reside on ! f\r sides ( a village4 ,! spirits :i* reside 9 burial or cremation gr\nds1 on riv] banks1 & 9 old trees are said to be subord9ate to ^!4 ,cocoanuts1 planta9s1 sug>1 cocks & goats mu/ be giv5 annually to ga9 _! fav\r4 #eee 7#e7 ,munja is ! _s ( a ,brhman boy :o dies imm$iately aft] 8 ?read c]emony1 b be=e ! f9al c]emony call$ ,sod-munj is complete4 ,x does n greatly affect its victim b simply fright5s4 ,:5 x attacks1 x is difficult to drive out4 ,x is ca/ out only :5 ! pati5t makes a pilgrimage to a holy %r9e4 #eef ,x resides 9 a ,pipal tree or 9 a well4 7#f7 ,khavis is ! _s ( a ,musalmn or a non-,h9du4 #eeg ,x is also ! _s ( a ,mahr or a ,mng4 #eeh 7#g7 ,girha is ! gho/ ( a p]son :o dies by dr[n+1 or ( a murd]$ p]son4 #eei ,girha is n v p[]ful1 & obeys ! ord]s ( ! exorci/s4 ,x only fright5s & tr\bles p4 #efj ,x lives by ! wat] side1 & deceives p]sons at night by call+ !m by _! names & lead+ !m into false pa?s4 ,x (t5 tr\bles p :ile cross+ riv]s or creeks at night1 & leads !m to places :]e ! wat] is v deep4 ,x is said t ! _s ,girha becomes ! regul> slave ( a p]son :o takes possession ( ! hair ( its head1 & gives him any?+ t he requires4 ,x reque/s ! p]son to return its hair1 b ?is %\ld n be giv5 "u any circum/ances4 ,=1 if ! ,girha gets back its hair all sorts ( mis=tunes w befall ! man4 #efa 7#h7 ,*etak is ! gho/ ( a p]son ( ! ,kunbi or ,%udra ca/e4 #efb ,?is _s is also kn[n z ,dv4 7#i7 ,zot+ is ! gho/ ( a man belong+ to ! ,khrvi or ,koli ca/e4 #efc ,x is also said to be ! gho/ ( a ,musalmn4 #efd 7#aj7 ,vir is ! gho/ ( an unm>ri$ p]son belong+ to ! ,k%atriya community4 #efe ,x is also said to be ! gho/ ( a ,rajput or a ,purbhaya 7,p>de%i47 7#aa7 ,*$a is ! gho/ ( an unm>ri$ ,mahr4 ,x resides on m\nta9s1 9 jungles1 & ! outskirts ( ! village4 #eff ,*$a attacks dome/ic animals4 ,x haunts fields & f>ms1 & resides at public places :]e ! ,holi fires are annually k9dl$4 ,to avoid be+ tr\bl$ by x1 p (f] annual sacrifices ( f[ls & goats4 #efg 7#ab7 ,mhasoba is ! "l ( ! gho/s1 & is equal 9 might to ,vetl4 #efh 7#ac7 ,jkh9 or ,alwant4 ,jkh9 is ! gho/ ( a woman :o has a husb& alive4 ,alwant is believ$ to be ! _s ( a woman dy+ at *ildbir? or dur+ h] m5ses4 ,x resides at burial or cremation gr\nds4 ,p]sons attack$ by ?is _s are tak5 to ,n>soba's ,wdi or ,gngpur1 :i* are celebrat$ z %r9es = ! removal ( malignant spirits4 #efi 7#ad7 ,lvsat is ! gho/ ( a wid[4 ,x g5]ally resides 9 burial & burn+ gr\nds1 & attacks dome/ic animals & _! calves4 ,x is also said to te> clo!s & eat corpses4 #egj 7#ae7 ,hadal or ,h$ali is ! gho/ ( a woman :o dies )9 t5 days ( *ildbir? or dur+ h] m5ses4 ,x is suppos$ to be an evil _s1 b x c be kept 9 *eck by ! use ( a cane4 ,x attacks all sorts ( p]sons1 b leaves !m z soon z x is beat54 #ega ,?is _s is also kn[n z ,dkan 9 ! ,kolhpur di/rict4 #egb ,satavi is ! gho/ ( a woman4 ,x tr\bles wom5 9 *ildbir?1 & kills _! *ildr5 on ! #e? or #f? day aft] _! bir?4 #egc ,%k9i is ! gho/ ( an unm>ri$ girl4 ,talkhmba is ! gho/ ( an unm>ri$ ,%udra or a p]son f ! l[ ca/es4 #egd ,! p ( ,vijayadurg believe t "o :o hates & tr\bles ! ,brhmans & speaks ill ( _! religi\s duties becomes a ,brahma ,samb&ha aft] dea?4 #ege ,at ,poldpur 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict ! gho/ ,bpa is repres5t$ by a /one pa9t$ ) r$ lead & oil & plac$ at ! b\nd>y ( a field4 ,x is ! gu>dian ( ! field1 & protects ! own]s' int]e/s4 ,(f]+s are made to x annually4 ,if ! annual (f]+s are neglect$1 x tr\bles ! own] ( ! field4 ,x also tr\bles o!rs :5 di/urb$4 #egf ,! spirits kn[n z ,klki*e ,bhut & ,bahirob*e ,bhut are n tr\blesome4 ,:5 !y fav\r any p]son1 he enjoys heal? & happ9ess = a p]iod ( twelve ye>s4 ,b aft] t p]iod he is ru9$4 #egg ,9 addition to ! v>ieties ( malignant spirits already describ$1 ! foll[+ spirits are kn[n at ,%irgaon 9 ! ,mhim taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict4 ,!y are--,hirwa1 ,wghoba1 ,as>s1 ,gngud1 ,saitn & ,*aitannadya4 ,! _s kn[n z ,hirwa requires ! (f]+s ( a b[ & an arr[1 bhng1 bjri bread1 & a *atni ( g>lic4 ,! ,wghoba haunts jungles & tr\bles dome/ic animals4 ,cocoanuts & lamps ( ghi are (f]$ to x4 ,as>s are ! deities t dwell 9 wat]4 ,!y infe/ ! wells & ponds1 & attack wom5 & *ildr5 at noon "t & 9 ! ev5+4 ,r$ lead1 cocoanuts1 fl[]s1 p>*$ rice 7lhya7 & ndpudi are giv5 to !m4 #egh ,at ,ibrmpur 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict x is said t ! evil _s ,zot+ goes ab\t headless4 #egi ,! p ( ,m$he 9 ! ,rohe taluka believe t ! _s kn[n z ,girha1 :i* resides 9 wat]1 goes ab\t headless4 #ehj ,at ,%irgaon 9 ! ,mhim taluka x is believ$ t ! _s ,hirwa goes ab\t headless4 ,x tr\bles human be+s & animals4 ,! sea & ! jungle are its places ( abode4 ,to avoid be+ tr\bl$ by x1 bhng1 cocoanuts1 f[ls are giv5 to x4 #eha ,! p ( ,dahigaon 9 ! ,murbd taluka believe t ! ,bhut kn[n z ,peesa goes ab\t headless4 #ehb ,"s evil spirits haunt trees su* z ! ,pipal1 ,bbhul & ,adulsa4 ,"s h _! haunts on a public road :]e ?ree /reets meet1 or 9 a dirty place1 "s haunt old h\ses1 & ! re/ pref] to reside 9 burial & burn+ gr\nds4 #ehc ,_m spirits dwell 9 burial or cremation gr\nds4 ,among !m are ,vetl1 ,jkh91 ,khavis1 ,khprya1 ,zot+1 ,dv1 ,girha1 ,alavat & ,lvsat4 #ehd ,! spirits ,munja & ,samb&h are said to reside ne> h\ses & old trees t produce sweet smell+ fl[]s4 ,! spirits ,dev*r & ,*legat are said to reside at ! f\r corn]s or ! b\nd>y ( a village4 #ehe ,x is believ$ t all k9ds ( spirits assemble at night at ! fun]al gr\nd :5 a body is burnt or buri$4 #ehf ,! evil spirits kn[n z ,khavis1 ,zot+ & ,kafri are said to dwell on m\nta9s & 9 jungles2 :ile ! o!rs nam$ ,samb&ha1 ,jkh91 ,hadal & ,lvsat are said to reside on trees4 #ehg ,munja resides 9 ! ,pipal tree4 ,samb&ha dwells 9 ! ,banyan1 ,pipal & ,umb> trees4 ,x is suppos$ to be a gu>dian ( buri$ treasure4 #ehh ,at ,murbd 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 x is believ$ t an evil _s kn[n z ,hadal infe/s ! tam>9d trees4 #ehi ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict x is believ$ t ! gho/s ( p]sons dy+ on battlefields infe/ m\nta9s & jungles1 & ! evil _s kn[n z ,samb&h infe/s trees4 #eij ,g5]ally 9 ! ,konkan1 & specially 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 "y mo!rs & _! *ildr5 are suppos$ to be liable to ! attacks ( ! spirits ,satvi1 ,avagat1 ,alavant1 ,jkh91 ,dev*r & ,*legat4 #eia ,at ,khopoli 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict x is believ$ t a "y "m & h] *ild are g5]ally attack$ by ! _s ( ! dead wife ( h] husb&1 or by a ,hadal or ,lvsat4 ,! _s t attacks a woman dur+ h] *ildbir? is difficult to drive out4 ,! spirits are always afraid ( cleanl9ess1 & !re=e1 :]e !re is cleanl9ess1 !re is v little fe> ( _! attacks4 #eib ,! p ( ,%irgaon believe t ! fi5d kn[n z ,h$li attacks a "y "m & h] *ild4 ,! ,bhutya1 or ! sorc]]1 makes use ( 8 cane & ( ! dirty inc5se kn[n z ,nurkya ,uda1 & compels h] to speak & to ask = :at %e wants4 ,sometimes %e speaks & asks = ! ?+s requir$4 ,boil$ rice & curds1 & oil ) r$ lead are giv5 to h]4 ,:5 %e leaves ! body1 ! p]son becomes ins5sible = a %ort "t4 #eic ,! fi5d kn[n z ,hadal1 & o!r evil spirits ( ! female sex1 g5]ally attack a "y "m & h] *ild4 ,!y are g5]ally attack$ by ^! fi5ds on a public cross road :]e ?ree roads meet1 or "u a ,bbhul tree1 & also at wells4 #eid ,at ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,v5gurla taluka x is believ$ t ^? :o are kill$ by tig]s or o!r wild bea/s are born z k+s 9 ! next g5]ation4 #eie ,on ! o!r h& ! p ( ,bankavli are ( op9ion t ^? :o suff] dea? at ! h&s ( tig]s & o!r wild bea/s are turn$ into spirits4 ,! _s ( a p]son kill$ by a tig] is call$ ,vghvir4 #eif ,at ,a*>e x is believ$ t p]sons kill$ by lions & tig]s atta9 salvation1 :ile ^? kill$ by inf]ior bea/s g to hell4 #eig ,! p ( ,ibrmpur believe t unm>ri$ p]sons kill$ by tig]s or o!r wild bea/s take ! =m ( a gho/4 ,males become ,girhas & females become ,jkh9s & ,lvsats4 #eih ,at ,p5dur x is believ$ t p]sons kill$ by tig]s & o!r wild bea/s become ,brahma ,rk%asa4 ,! same =m is assum$ by ^? :o die by accid5t4 ,a murd]$ man becomes a ,deva*r4 #eii ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,kolhpur a belief prevails t ! spirits ( ^? kill$ by tig]s or o!r wild bea/s assume ! =m ( gho/s4 ,x is also believ$ t p]sons :o die be=e !y are m>ri$ d n atta9 salvation1 & !re=e x is consid]$ inauspici\s among ! ,h9dus to rema9 unm>ri$4 ,?is is ! real reason :y ! majority ( ! ,h9dus m>ry _! *ildr5 at an e>ly age4 #fjj ,! gho/ ( a woman dy+ 9 *ildbir? or dur+ h] m5ses assumes ! =m ( ,alwant4 ,= ! purpose ( prev5t+ ! dead woman turn+ into a gho/ ! foll[+ device is adopt$4 ,! corpse1 in/ead ( be+ burnt z usual1 is buri$ und]gr\nd1 & f\r iron nails are fix$ at ! f\r corn]s ( ! spot on :i* ! body is buri$1 & plants be>+ r$ fl[]s are plant$ !reon4 #fja ,at ,bankavli x is believ$ t ! gho/ ( a woman dy+ 9 *ildbir? or dur+ h] m5ses assumes ! =m ( ,jkh91 :ile ! p ( ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict believe t x assumes ! =m ( ,hadal4 #fjb ,! special precautions t a fa!r has to take at ! bir? ( a *ild are3-- ,to arrange = a suitable place or a room provid$ ) ! mat]ials requir$ = ! occasion1 & to ensure ! correct mom5t = ! bir? ( ! *ild4 ,no p]son o!r ?an a midwife is all[$ to ent] ! room = ! fir/ t5 days4 ,a pot is kept fill$ ) wat] & a twig ( ! nim tree 9 ! entrance ( ! h\se1 & all p]sons ent]+ ! h\se h to wa% _! feet ) ?is wat]4 ,a knife or "s o!r %>p weapon is kept "u ! b$ ( ! woman 9 ord] t ! "m & h] *ild may n be attack$ by a _s4 #fjc ,! *ief reason = ensur+ ! correct mom5t = ! bir? is t1 if ! bir? takes place at an unlucky h\r1 special rites are necess>y = av]t+ ! evil effects4 ,^! rites consi/ 9 ! recitation ( c]ta9 holy mantras & 9 giv+ pres5ts ( money1 sessamum1 jgri1 cl>ifi$ butt]1 etc41 to ! ,brhmans & alms to ! poor4 #fjd ,at ,m$he 9 ! ,rohe taluka1 x is cu/om>y = ! fa!r to ?r[ a /one 9 a well1 a pond1 or a riv] at ! bir? ( 8 son1 & !n to look at ! face ( ! *ild4 #fje ,an owl is consid]$ to be a bird ( su* evil repute t1 9 all p>ts ( ! ,konkan1 x is consid]$ necess>y to p]=m expiatory rites :5 an owl p]*es on ! ro(4 ,if ^! rites are n p]=m$1 x is firmly believ$ t "s evil w befall ! memb]s ( ! family4 ,v>i\s om5s are drawn f ! cries ( ! bird ,p+la1 & ^! cries are kn[n z ,kilbil1 ,*ilbil & ,khit ,khit4 #fjf ,if an owl sits on ! ro( ( a h\se1 x is a sure sign ( com+ dea? to a memb] ( ! family4 #fjg ,at ,devgad 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! s\nd ( a bat or an owl is consid]$ inauspici\s1 & indicates ! dea? ( a sick p]son 9 ! h\se4 #fjh ,at ,*auk an owl is said to h "s connection ) spirits4 ,its s\nd at night indicates ! approa*+ dea? ( a sick p]son 9 ! h\se4 ,"o v>iety ( ! owl call$ ! p+la is suppos$ to =etell future ev5ts by its movem5ts & cries1 :ile ! bat is consid]$ an inauspici\s bird1 & its appe>ance =ebodes com+ evil4 #fji ,at ,umb]gaon p d n ?r[ /ones at an owl4 ,= x is consid]$ t ! owl might sit & rub ! /one1 & t ! p]son ?r[+ x w become weak & wa/$ z ! /one we>s away4 #faj ,! p ( ,kolhpur d n believe t !re is any connection betwe5 ! bat or owl & ! spirits ( ! dead1 b !y believe t1 if an owl cries out 9 ! ev5+ or at night1 x indicates ! dea? ( a sick p]son 9 ! family4 ,?is applies also to ! s\nd ( a s+le p+la1 b ! s\nd ( a pair ( p+las is consid]$ auspici\s4 #faa ,x is g5]ally believ$ t old unoccupi$ h\ses are haunt$ by evil spirits4 ,p]sons :o wi% to inhabit su* h\ses fir/ p]=m ! ,v/u %nti c]emony1 & give a fea/ to ,brhmans4 ,9 =m] times1 9 ! di/ricts t 7 rul$ by ! ,portuguese1 religi\s p]secution prevail$4 ,to escape f ^! p]secutions1 p 7 compell$ to leave _! h\ses unprotect$4 ,be=e leav+ _! h\ses1 !y us$ to bury _! treasure 9 ! gr\nd1 & on t spot a human be+ or an animal 0 sacrific$ 9 ord] t ! _s ( ! dead %\ld hov] ab\t ! place1 & prev5t /rang]s f com+4 #fab ,! evil spirits :i* haunt ru9s & gu>d buri$ treasures & old =ts are kn[n z ,mahpuru%1 ,khavis1 ,brahma ,rk%asa & ,samb&h4 #fac ,if !re be any buri$ treasure 9 an old unoccupi$ h\se1 ! own] ( ! treasure rema9s !re 9 ! =m ( a gho/4 ,if ! treasure be ne> ! temple ( a deity1 x is suppos$ to be "u ! gu>dian%ip ( t deity4 #fad ,at ,vijayadurg x is believ$ t a p]son :o builds a h\se 9 ! days ( 8 prosp]ity & does n survive to enjoy x1 becomes a ,samb&h4 ,he rema9s 9 t h\se 9 ! =m ( a gho/1 & tr\bles e "o :o comes to /ay !re1 except+ ! memb]s ( 8 family4 ,a man :o buries 8 treasure und]gr\nd becomes a gho/ aft] dea?1 comes back to wat* 8 treasure1 & tr\bles ^? :o try to remove x4 #fae ,unoccupi$ h\ses are g5]ally haunt$ by evil spirits4 ,at c]ta9 =ts 9 ! ,konkan :]e battles 7 f\ght1 ! s\ls ( ^? sla9 9 ! battles are said to h assum$ ! =ms ( spirits1 & to keep a wat* ov] ! =ts4 #faf ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict !re is a village ,nigve beyond ! riv] ,pan* ,ganga at a di/ance ( ?ree miles f ,kolhpur1 :]e ! s\l ( a p]son nam$ ,appji ,kulk>ni has assum$ ! =m ( a ,samb&h & gu>ds ! buri$ treasures 9 8 h\se4 ,:5 anybody tries to dig up ! buri$ money1 ! gho/ ent]s ! body ( 8 daught]-9-law & beg9s to dance & cry out l\dly1 & does n all[ any "o to t\* 8 treasure4 ,x is also said t he /rikes ! gr\nd ) 8 /ick at night4 ,ano!r simil> in/ance is cit$ 9 ! case ( ! village ( ,latvade 9 ! ,%irol ,peta1 :]e ,bpujipant ,kulk>ni cont9ues to gu>d 8 h\se aft] dea?4 ,he does n all[ anybody to live 9 ! h\se1 & if any "o is bold en\gh to sleep !re at night1 ! _s ( ,bpuji appe>s & ?r[s him out ( ! h\se4 ,! h\se is !re=e un9habit$ at pres5t4 ,8 wife has adopt$ a son1 b he has to live 9 ano!r village1 ,vadange4 #fag ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,evil ,,eye ,,& ,,! ,,sc>+ ,,( ,,gho/s4 ,h9dus g5]ally believe 9 ! effects ( ! evil eye4 ,if an accid5t befall any ?+ ( value1 or x und]goes any sudd5 *ange1 x is said to be due to ! effects ( an evil eye4 ,9 ord] to escape f ! influ5ce ( an evil eye1 p beg9 ! use ( incantations & *>ms on a ,sunday1 ,w$nesday1 or ,?ursday & f9i% !m on ! ?ird or ! fif? day4 ,small *ildr51 dome/ic animals1 & beautiful objects are g5]ally liable to be affect$ by an evil eye4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! me?ods ( evad+ ! effects ( an evil eye4 #a/4--,dry *illies are wav$ r\nd ! body ( ! affect$ p]son & ?r[n into ! fire1 & if !y d n !reupon make a l\d noise1 x is said t ! effects ( an evil eye are av]t$4 #bnd4--,mu/>d se$ & salt are wav$ r\nd ! face ( a *ild & !n ?r[n into ! fire4 #crd4--,alum is wav$ r\nd ! *ild & !n ?r[n into fire4 ,! piece ( alum ?us ?r[n is sometimes believ$ to be *ang$ into ! =m ( a man or a woman4 ,f ?is1 conjectures are made z to ! sex ( ! p]son by ^: evil eye ! pati5t is affect$4 ,! =m or ! figure is !n brok5 by a toe ( ! left foot ( ! pati5t1 & dry *illies1 g>lic1 hair1 rubbi% f ! h\se & salt are mix$ 9 ! alum p[d]4 ,! mixture is wav$ r\nd ! pati5t ?ree times & !n ?r[n into fire4 ,mean:ile ! sorc]] repeats ! names ( all p]sons1 ?+s & evil spirits suspect$ by him4 ,aft] ?is p]=mance has be5 repeat$ ?ree times1 ! fire is deposit$ 9 a public place :]e ?ree roads meet4 #d?4--,if ! evil eye is believ$ to be t ( a gho/1 ! sorc]] mutt]s "s words to himself1 waves a%es r\nd ! affect$ *ild1 & bl[s !m 9 ! air4 #e?4--,! evil eye ( a tig] is remov$ f an affect$ animal 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,an oil lamp is burnt 9 ! eye ( a dead tig] & ! lamp is wav$ r\nd ! animal by a ,mahr4 ,! ,mahr is giv5 a loaf prep>$ f eight k9ds ( gra94 #f?4--,copp] amulets & black cotton /r+s *>m$ by a sorc]] are also ti$ r\nd ! neck or arms ( ! pati5t4 #fah ,:5 a *ild is to be remov$ f "o village to ano!r1 rice is scatt]$ at ! b\nd>y ( ! village1 at ! bridges1 riv]s1 creeks1 etc1 t are cross$ dur+ ! j\rney4 ,cocoanuts are wav$ r\nd ! *ild & ?r[n away at ! b\nd>y ( ! village & at places suppos$ to be haunt$ by gho/s4 ,be=e ent]+ a h\se 9 a new village1 a small quantity ( boil$ rice1 bread1 or gra9s ( rice are wav$ r\nd ! *ild & ?r[n away4 ,x is believ$ t1 :5 black o9tm5t is appli$ to ! eyes1 *eeks1 or =ehead ( a *ild1 !re is no fe> ( its be+ affect$ by an evil eye4 ,?is also dep5ds on ! position ( ! />s at ! bir? ( a *ild4 ,if anybody sees a beautiful ?+ & praises x1 !re is a *ance ( its be+ affect$ by an evil eye4 ,x is believ$ t *ildr51 animals1 trees1 & ev5 wood & /ones1 are apt to be affect$ by an evil eye4 ,9 ord] to avoid injury f an evil eye1 cocoanut %ells or a %oe are ti$ on a conspicu\s "p ( a tree or a creep+ plant1 black beads kn[n z ,vajrabuttu are ti$ r\nd ! necks ( *ildr51 & c[ries & black beads are ti$ r\nd ! necks ( animals4 ,ev5 gr[n up p]sons are affect$ by an evil eye4 ,:5 a man is v ill or frequ5tly becomes unconsci\s1 cocoanuts1 f[ls & boil$ rice are wav$ r\nd him & ?r[n away4 #fai ,:5 ! effects ( an evil eye _c be remov$ by ord9>y me?ods1 ! evil influ5ce is said to h ent]$ ?r\gh ! bones1 ',hdi dru/a padali4' ,9 ord] to remove x p br+ ! bone ( an animal 9 ! ev5+1 & aft] besme>+ x ) oil & turm]ic p[d]1 wa% x 9 hot wat]4 ,x is dress$ 9 a yell[ clo?1 & black & r$ o9tm5ts are appli$ to x4 ,x is !n wav$ r\nd ! affect$ p]son1 & ?r[n away 9 "s public place :]e ?ree roads meet4 #fbj ,= evad+ ! effects ( an evil eye1 salt1 mu/>d se$1 hair1 g>lic1 dry leaves ( onions1 dry *illies1 & sev5 small /ones f ! road are put on ! fire4 ,! fire is !n wav$ r\nd ! body ( ! affect$ p]son & ?r[n away4 ,*>m$ black cotton /r+s are turn$ ov] ! burn+ inc5se & ti$ r\nd ! arm or ! neck4 ,*>m$ a%es f ! temples ( c]ta9 deities are also appli$ to ! =ehead ( ! affect$ p]son4 #fba ,at ,ibrmpur 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 x is believ$ t a p]son ^: eyes h come "u ! influ5ce ( evil />s possesses ! p[] ( ! evil eye4 ,a%es are tak5 on a mango leaf1 & *>m$ ) ! mantras or incantations = an evil eye1 & !n !y are appli$ to ! =ehead ( ! affect$ p]son4 #fbb ,! p ( ,poladpur 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict believe ! effects ( an evil eye to be z foll[s4 ,a heal?y *ild becomes sickly & cries1 a man may suff] f indige/ion or loss ( appetite1 a c[ or a %e-buffalo yield+ pl5ty ( milk sudd5ly ceases to give milk or gives blood 9 place ( x1 a good image is disfigur$ or brok51 & ev5 /ones are %att]$ to pieces by ! effects ( an evil eye4 ,! foll[+ devices are us$ to w>d (f su* evil effects4 ,a black m>k is made on ! =ehead ( *ildr54 ,black beads call$ ,dru/amani1 & ,vajrabuttu are ti$ r\nd _! necks4 ,m>k+ nuts & c[ries ti$ ) a black ?read are fa/5$ r\nd ! necks ( animals4 ,a little black spot is m>k$ on an image4 ,a worn out %oe or a s&al is ti$ to ! fruit-yield+ trees4 ,salt & mu/>d se$ are wav$ ?rice r\nd ! face ( a *ild repeat+ ,i%ta mi%ta kony pp9i*i dru%ta & ?r[n into ! fire4 ,"s p roll a cotton ?read r\nd a curry /one1 wave x ?ree times r\nd ! pati5t1 & !n put x into ! fire2 if ! ?read burns1 ! evil eye is held to h be5 remov$4 ,if ! evil eye be on ! food1 ?ree morsels ( food are fir/ rais$ to ! m\?1 & !n ?r[n into ! fire4 ,sacr$ a%es are appli$ to trees & creep+ plants to remove ! effects ( an evil eye4 #fbc ,! p ( ,khopoli 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict believe t ! evil eye c be div]t$ f liv+ creatures only1 & n f inanimate ?+s su* z a /one or an e>!n image4 ,sacr$ a%es are appli$ to ! =ehead ( ! suff]+ *ild by repeat+ ! ,rm rak%a /otra1 i4e41 ! protect+ praises ( ,rma1 ! sev5? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu4 ,among ,brhmans1 rice gra9s are wav$ ?rice r\nd ! face ( a *ild & put into wat]4 ,! wat] is !n ?r[n away4 ,ev5 fl[]s are wav$ r\nd ! faces ( small *ildr5 9 ! ev5+ & ?r[n away4 #fbd ,at ,*auk 9 ! ,k>jat taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 "s p wave ! left %oe ?rice r\nd ! body ( ! affect$ p]son = ! purpose ( evad+ ! effects ( an evil eye4 ,a r$ hot iron b> is also cool$ 9 wat] mix$ ) turm]ic p[d]4 #fbe ,at ,%irgon 9 ! ,mhim taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict wat] is drawn 9 a brass or a copp] pot 9 ! ev5+1 & turm]ic p[d]1 rice1 & any o!r edible articles on :i* ! evil eye has fall5 are put into x4 ,tw5tyone date leaves1 ea* ( !m ) a knot1 are !n wav$ r\nd ! body ( ! affect$ p]son & ?r[n into ! wat] pot1 burn+ coals be+ dropp$ into ! mixture4 ,! pot is !n wav$ ?rice r\nd ! body ( ! affect$ p]son1 & kept 9 a corn] ( ! b$room = "o night1 ) a basket1 a broom1 & a s&al or an old %oe plac$ on ! top4 ,x is !n ?r[n away 9 ! morn+ 9 "s public place :]e ?ree roads meet4 ,if ! wat] becomes r$1 x is suppos$ t ! evil eye has be5 remov$4 #fbf ,! effects ( an evil eye are sometimes visible on ! face ( a *ild 9 ! =m ( small r$ pu/ules4 ,! appe>ance ( su* pu/ules is call$ ,*k padane4 #fbg ,if a p]son is affect$ by an evil eye at ! "t ( tak+ 8 meals1 he loses 8 appetite4 ,he also becomes weak] day by day4 ,"o ( ! modes ( remov+ ^! evils is to wave fre% date leaves ?ree times r\nd ! face ( ! affect$ p]son1 & to ?r[ !m into wat]4 ,"s p take wat] 9 a copp] plate & ext+ui% 9 x burn+ /icks ( ! tam>9d tree1 aft] wav+ !m r\nd ! body ( ! affect$ p]son4 #fbh ,at ,khrbv 9 ! ,basse9 taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict1 five pieces ( brok5 tiles are made r$ hot & put into wat] 9 :i* a little quantity ( all ! cook$ food 9 ! h\se has be5 mix$4 ,turm]ic p[d] is also put into x4 ,a p5 knife or "s o!r iron in/rum5t is !n turn$ five times 9 ! wat]4 ,a w9n[+ basket & a broom are wav$ ?rice r\nd ! face ( ! affect$ p]son1 & plac$ ov] ! wat] pot4 #fbi ,at ,dahnu 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 two big /ones1 ( :i* "o has be5 wav$ r\nd ! face ( a p]son affect$ by an evil eye1 are /ruck "o aga9/ ! o!r4 ,if ! /one breaks1 x is believ$ t ! evil effect has be5 remov$4 ,c[dung is mix$ ) wat] 9 a brass or a copp] plate1 & du/ f a public road1 hair1 & burn+ black cotton clo? are put into ano!r small vessel4 ,?is vessel is !n wav$ r\nd ! p]son1 & plac$ upside d[n ov] ! mixture ( c[dung4 ,if x /icks to ! brass plate1 ?is is suppos$ to be due to ! evil eye4 #fcj ,! p ( ,kolhpur believe 9 ! effects ( an evil eye4 ,a *ild suff]+ f an evil eye turns pale & ?91 & suff]s f heada*e4 ,to avoid ^! effects1 eld]ly wom5 make a m>k ) lamp black on ! face or br[ ( ! *ild4 ,boil$ rice & curds1 & bread & oil are also pass$ r\nd ! face ( a *ild1 & ?r[n into a public road4 #fca ,g5]ally1 9 ! ,konkan di/ricts1 opprobri\s names are giv5 to *ildr5 :5 !y are sickly1 always cry+1 & weak1 or :5 !y are %ort liv$4 ,^! names are ,m>ya1 ,rodya1 ,k]ya1 etc4 ,x is believ$ t *ildr5 improve 9 heal? :5 call$ by su* opprobri\s names4 #fcb ,opprobri\s names su* z ,dhondu1 ,kondu1 ,k]u1 are giv5 to *ildr5 9 families 9 :i* ! fir/ *ildr5 are %ortliv$4 ,b _! real names are diff]5t4 ,! names ( ! wellkn[n ari?metician ,k]u ,nna ,*hatre & 8 son ,kondopant ,*hatre are examples ( opprobri\s names4 #fcc ,among high class ,h9dus1 ! fir/ son is n g5]ally call$ by 8 real "n1 b by "o ( ! opprobri\s names giv5 above4 #fcd ,*ildr5 are sometimes weigh$ ) %oes or s&als1 & also ) c[dung4 ,9 "s cases1 _! no/rils are bor$1 especially ! "r "o4 #fce ,h9dus g5]ally call _! *ildr5 by ! names ( _! deities & ance/ors1 & !y attribute ! premature dea? ( _! *ildr5 to _! own misbehavi\r t[>ds su* ance/ors1 or to _! hav+ abus$ !m2 !y fe> t su* abuse or misbehavi\r has (f5d$ ! ance/ors4 ,to avoid _! displeasure & ! consequ5t dea? ( _! *ildr51 ! p give opprobri\s names to _! next born su* z ,dagadya1 ,dhondya1 ,gundya1 ,d&ya1 ,k]ya1 ,ukirdya1 ,kondya1 ,lobhya1 etc4 ,! cu/om ( tattoo+ "o side ( ! body ( females also prevails 9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict1 especially 9 cases :]e ! *ildr5 9 a family are %ortliv$4 #fcf ,9 ! ,purnas !re are in/ances ( males be+ trans=m$ into females1 & females into males4 ,= example1 ! female ,amba 0 trans=m$ into a male call$ ,%ikh&i & ! male ,nrad 0 trans=m$ into a female4 ,arjuna1 ! ?ird bro!r ( ! ,pndavas is said to h *ang$ 8 sex1 & turn$ into ,bruhannada4 #fcg ,9 ! ,%ivlilamruta1 a book p]ta9+ to ! god ,%iva1 9 ! *apt] ( ,simant9i1 x has be5 describ$ h[ a man 0 turn$ into a woman4 #fch ,at ,kolhpur1 !re are no in/ances kn[n ( a *ange ( sex4 ,! goddess ,yallamma has a high reputation 9 ?is di/rict = mak+ a *ange 9 ! habits & deportm5ts ( m5 & wom51 especially among l[ ca/e p4 ,x is believ$ t ! curse ( ?is goddess has ! p[] ( de/roy+ ! virility ( males1 :]eupon !y behave l females4 ,_m in/ances ( ?is type c be se5 at ! fair ( ! goddess ,yallamma1 :i* is held 9 ,mrga%ir%a 7,decemb]72 m5 dress$ 9 wom5's clo!s & vice v]sa are (t5 se5 at ?is fair4 #fci ,9 ,we/]n ,india1 iron nails are g5]ally us$ :5 any _s is to be buri$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,o!r metals1 su* z gold1 silv]1 & copp]1 are sometimes (f]$ to ! gho/s4 ,! blood ( f[ls & goats is also (f]$ to !m4 ,:5 inc5se is burnt be=e a sorc]]1 ! _s ent]s into 8 body4 ,wat] is *>m$ & spr9kl$ ov] ! body ( a p]son attack$ by an evil _s4 ,rice & udid gra9s are requir$ = exorcis+ spirits4 ,r$ p[d] ,p9j>1 turm]ic p[d]1 black o9tm5t kjal1 lemons1 ,n>akya ,wuda a k9d ( inc5se1 betel-leaves1 betelnuts1 cocoanuts1 mango leaves1 ,nirgudi leaves1 & pieces ( clo? are also us$ = ! same purpose4 #fdj ,cane /icks are us$ by p z a protection aga9/ evil spirits4 ,a /ick cut f ! tree kn[n z ,pndhri is also us$ z protection4 ,*>m$ black cotton /r+s are ti$ to ! wri/1 arm or neck4 ,if a man is v mu* afraid ( a gho/1 he repeats ! "n ( ! monkey god ,mruti or any o!r deity t may be fav\rable to 8 family4 #fda ,! blood ( f[ls & goats is us$ z a protection aga9/ gho/s & ,deva*rs1 & also aga9/ wit*craft4 ,*>m$ wat] is wav$ r\nd ! p]son affect$ by an evil _s1 & ?r[n away4 ,r+s1 amulets1 & anklets made ( metals ( five k9ds are put on ! h&s & legs ( *ildr5 to w>d (f ! effects ( evil spirits4 #fdb ,x is cu/om>y among c]ta9 p to apply spittle to ! s&alpa/e m>k on ! =ehead ( a man1 & to ! r$ ,kunku m>k on ! =ehead ( an unwid[$ woman4 ,x is consid]$ to be a protection aga9/ evil spirits4 #fdc ,! beak ( an eagle1 a /ick cut f a tree kn[n z ,pndhri1 a cane hav+ ?ree jo9ts1 & ! root ( a %rub call$ ,%rvad1 :i* has :ite leaves1 are us$ z protection aga9/ evil spirits4 #fdd ,at ,p5dur 9 ! ,mlwan taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict x is believ$ t an iron /ick held 9 ! h& is a protection aga9/ evil spirits4 #fde ,at ,*auk 9 ! ,k>jat taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 pictures ( c]ta9 deities are tattoo$ on ! body = ! purpose ( protection aga9/ evil spirits4 ,x is also believ$ t evil spirits run away :5 salt & g>lic are ?r[n into fire z !y _c be> ! smoke ( burn+ g>lic4 #fdf ,at ,m$he 9 ! ,rohe taluka1 :5 ! dead body ( a woman dy+ )9 t5 days ( h] deliv]y is tak5 out ( ! h\se = burial1 an iron horse%oe is driv5 into ! ?re%old ( ! h\se1 & gra9s ( ,n*ani are scatt]$ 9 ! /reet :ile ! corpse is be+ c>ri$ to ! burial gr\nd4 #fdg ,at ,bhuwan 9 ! ,murbd taluka "s p tie a squ>e piece ( lea!r to ! necks ( _! *ildr5 z protection aga9/ evil spirits4 #fdh ,at ,ri1 a cu/om prevails ( putt+ coral necklaces on *ildr5 z a protective aga9/ evil spirits4 #fdi ,iron nails & horse%oes are driv5 into ! ?re%old or on to ! door ( a h\se on ! full moon day or ! la/ day ( ! ,h9du cal5d> mon? at ev5+ "t1 to prev5t ! entrance ( evil spirits4 ,dirty localities be+ consid]$ to be haunts ( evil spirits1 p liv+ 9 su* localities burn inc5se 9 _! h\ses e day4 ,:ile exorcis+ evil spirits ! sorc]]s ?r[ *>m$ ,udid gra9s & ,rle panic se$s on ! body ( ! diseas$1 or place ^! ?+s bel[ 8 b$4 ,r+s made ( metals ( five k9ds1--iron1 copp]1 brass1 silv] & gold--are *>m$ on an eclipse day1 & worn by p4 ,r$ lead & c[ries are ti$ to ! necks or feet ( animals z protection aga9/ evil spirits4 ,! spirits t haunt buri$ treasures are pacifi$ by ! blood ( f[ls & goats :5 digg+ up su* treasures4 #fej ,c]ta9 mantras are writt5 on a pap]1 & ! pap] is ti$ to a black cotton /r+1 or ! pap] is put into a copp] amulet1 & !n ti$ to a black cotton /r+4 ,! black cotton /r+ ) ! amulet is !n ti$ r\nd ! arm or ! neck ( a p]son attack$ by evil spirits1 or suff]+ f mal>ial fev]s4 ,^! mantras are nev] disclos$ to anybody4 #fea ,nddora is a black cotton ?read hav+ sev5 or n9e knots ) a *>m$ pap] 9 "o ( ^! knots4 ,! ?read is fir/ held ov] burn+ inc5se1 & !n ti$ r\nd ! neck or ! arm ( ! diseas$4 ,sunday is g5]ally *os5 = atta*+ ^! ?reads4 #feb ,at ,poladpur 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 !re liv$ a sorc]] :o us$ to give su* amulets & *>m$ ?reads4 ,he plac$ ab\t t5 or twelve copp] r+s or amulets 9 a copp] plate kept 9 ! sun4 ,:ile ?us expos$ to ! sun1 ^! amulets 7 cont9u\sly wat*$ by ! sorc]] = "s two h\rs1 repeat+ c]ta9 mantras4 #fec ,at ,mld 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 copp] amulets & *>m$ black cotton ?reads 9 ! "n ( ,kl ,bhairav1 an inc>nation ( ! god ,%iva1 are us$ z protective aga9/ evil spirits4 ,!y are ti$ to ! arms or ! neck ( ! diseas$ on an eclipse day1 on ! la/ day ( ! ,h9du cal5d> mon?1 or on a ,tuesday1 ,w$nesday & ,saturday4 #fed ,at ,kolhpur1 ! use ( amulets is g5]ally resort$ to by p suff]+ f ! attacks ( evil spirits or f mal>ial fev]s4 ,! sorc]] :o exorcises ! evil spirits writes c]ta9 mantras on a pap]1 or draws c]ta9 symbols & repeats ! mantras ov] !m4 ,! pap] is !n wrapp$ 9 an amulet made ( copp] or silv]1 & fa/5$ to a cotton ?read4 ,?is amulet is ti$ r\nd ! arm or ! neck ( ! diseas$4 ,be=e ty+ x to ! arm or ! neck1 x is once held ov] burn+ inc5se4 #fee ,a sacr$ circle is frequ5tly us$ z a protection f spirits4 ,! sorc]] draws a circle on ! gr\nd1 ) 8 /ick1 & ! foll[+ articles are put inside x4 ,cocoanuts1 lemons1 r$ lead1 & a ,kohala g\rd4 ,f[ls are also sacrific$ to ?is circle4 ,! fill+ 9 ( ?is circle is call$ mnda bh>ane by ! exorci/s4 #fef ,rice or ,udid gra91 & a%es *>m$ by mantras1 are scatt]$ r\nd a c]ta9 area ( l&1 or are giv5 to a p]son suppos$ to be affect$ by evil spirits4 ,! spirits _c ent] a place *>m$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,!y are also scatt]$ r\nd ! place suppos$ to be haunt$ by evil spirits 9 ! belief t nei!r evil spirits nor snakes c transgress ! b\nd>y ?us m>k$ by a sorc]]4 #feg ,=m]ly sages & sa9ts us$ to make su* sacr$ circles r\nd _! resid5ce1 repeat+ c]ta9 mantras1 = _! protection f evil spirits4 ,x is believ$ t ! spirits _c ent] or leave ^! en*ant$ circles4 ,!y us$ to bury bottles conta9+ su* spirits at ! b\nd>ies ( ^! circles4 ,!re are _m su* places 9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict1 su* z ,burnsheb ( ,brahmapuri1 ! ,sdhubuwa ( ,panhla1 & ,bbu ,jml at ,kolhpur4 #feh ,x is a g5]al belief among all classes ( ,h9dus 9 ! ,bombay ,presid5cy t ,saturday is an unlucky day1 & 9 "s places ,friday & ,tuesday are also consid]$ inauspici\s4 ,sunday is consid]$ z an ord9>y day4 ,monday1 ,w$nesday & ,?ursday are believ$ to be auspici\s or lucky days4 ,x is said t a ?+ sugge/$ or ?\ght ( on ,friday _c be c>ri$ out successfully4 #fei ,s[+ se$ & wat]+ trees is /rictly =bidd5 on ,sunday4 ,x is believ$ t trees d n be> well if wat]$ on ,sundays4 #ffj ,tuesday & ,friday are consid]$ unlucky days = beg9n+ a new task4 ,w$nesday & ,saturday are said to be inauspici\s = visit+ ano!r village4 #ffa ,! numb]s #b1 #f1 #aa & z]o are believ$ to be lucky1 #d1 #e1 #aj & #h are unlucky1 & #a1 #c1 #g & #i are consid]$ z middl+ or mod]ate4 ,! figure z]o is by "s consid]$ inauspici\s4 #ffb ,! numb]s #e1 #g1 #i are said by "s to be auspici\s1 & #a1 #c1 #aa & #ac inauspici\s4 #ffc ,odd numb]s are auspici\s1 & ev5 numb]s are said to be inauspici\s4 #ffd ,! foll[+ are g5]ally held to be auspici\s om5s3-- ,:ile go+ on any bus9ess1 to come across an unwid[$ woman1 a c[1 ,brhmans1 a five-petal$ fl[]1 or a pot fill$ ) wat]2 #ffe ! ?robb+ ( ! "r eyelid & ( ! "r arm ( a man1 & ( ! left eyelid ( a woman2 a ,brhman com+ 9 front ) a cup & a spoon 9 8 h& aft] tak+ 8 ba?2 #fff ! appe>ance ( a peacock1 ! ,bhradwj or ! blue jay1 & ! mongoose1 especially :5 !y pass on ! left side ( ! p]son go+ on bus9ess4 #ffg ,! foll[+ are consid]$ to be auspici\s :5 se5 )9 a hundr$ paces ( a p]son />t+ on bus9ess3-- ,brhmans1 unwid[$ wom51 boil$ food1 meat1 fi%es1 milk1 any k9d ( corn1 ! bird ,*%a or ! blue jay1 pass+ by ! left side1 ! appe>ance ( ! moon 9 front1 a p]son com+ across "o's pa? ) vessels fill$ ) wat]1 & a m>ri$ c\ple1 a c[ ) its calf1 images ( god1 cocoanuts & o!r fruits1 ! "m1 :ite clo!s1 ! s\nd ( a musical in/rum5t1 a horse1 an elephant1 curds1 fl[]s1 a light$ lamp1 a jackal1 a spiritual preceptor1 a public woman1 a ,mahr1 a wa%]man com+ ) a bundle ( wa%$ clo!s1 & a m>riage procession4 #ffh ,! foll[+ objects & p]sons are g5]ally believ$ to be inauspici\s3-- ,oil1 butt]milk1 a c\ple ( snakes1 a monkey1 pig1 & an ass1 firewood1 a%es & cotton1 a p]son ) a disfigur$ nose1 a man dress+ 8 hair 9 ! %ape ( a cr[n1 r$ g>l&s1 wet clo!s1 a woman we>+ r$ clo?1 an empty e>!n vessel1 a ,brhman wid[1 a ,brahma*ri & an unm>ri$ ,brhman1 #ffi a wid[1 a b>e-head$ ,brhman1 a cat go+ across ! pa?1 a dog flapp+ 8 e>s1 meet+ a b>b] ) 8 bag1 a begg>1 sneez+1 or ! ask+ ( a "q at ! "t ( dep>ture1 wait+1 meet+ a p]son ) an empty vessel1 #fgj h[l+ ( dogs & jackals1 a pair ( cr[s play+ on ! gr\nd1 & a light$ lamp ext+ui%$ by its fall on ! gr\nd4 #fga ,:ile plans or proposals are be+ made1 x is consid]$ inauspici\s if any "o sneezes or ! s\nd ( a liz>d is he>d4 #fgb ,meet+ a p]son ( ! depress$ classes ^: t\* is pollution1 or a ,brhman :o accepts fun]al gifts1 is consid]$ inauspici\s4 #fgc ,meet+ a woman :o is 9 h] m5ses1 a m\rn]1 a buffalo1 a snake & a diwad are consid]$ inauspici\s4 #fgd ,an iron vessel or an iron b>1 c[ dung cakes1 salt1 grass1 a broom1 a vulture1 & a wa%]man br++ ) him dirty clo!s are also consid]$ to be inauspici\s om5s4 #fge ,among ! ,h9dus 9 ,we/]n ,india1 = ! purpose ( help+ ! _s to g to heav5 safely1 & = secur+ its goodwill t[>ds ! survivors1 aft] dea? c]emonies call$ ! ,%rddhas are g5]ally p]=m$4 ,"s p]=m ^! c]emonies once a ye> 9 ! mon? ( ,bhdrapada1 & o!rs p]=m !m twice or ?rice1 i4e41 on ! anniv]s>y day ( ! deceas$ z well z 9 ! d>k half ( ,bhdrapada1 :i* is g5]ally kn[n z ! manes' =tnight 7pitru pak%a74 #fgf ,! fun]al solemnities p]=m$ f ! #a/ to ! #ad? day f ! dea? ( ! deceas$ are z describ$ bel[3-- ,on ! fir/ day1 at ! "t ( burn+ ! dead body1 a plot ( gr\nd is purifi$ by repeat+ c]ta9 mantras1 & ! corpse is !n plac$ on x4 ,be=e sett+ ! fun]al pile on fire1 balls ( boil$ rice or :eat fl\r are put on ! face1 ! =ehead1 arms & ! *e/ ( ! corpse4 ,su* balls are plac$ on ! body ( ! deceas$ only :5 dea? has tak5 place on an unlucky day1 or :5 !re is an unlucky conjunction ( />s4 ,! son1 or "s o!r ne> relative1 ( ! deceas$ g5]ally p]=ms ^! rites ) ! help ( a ,brhman prie/4 ,on ! ?ird day he goes to ! burn+ place1 collects ! a%es ( ! deceas$1 & ?r[s !m into ! sea4 ,on ?is occasion he is accompani$ by ! relatives ( ! deceas$4 ,ri* p]sons :o are able to g to ,b5>es keep ! bones ( _! deceas$ p>5ts & ?r[ !m into ! ,ganges at ,prayga ne> ,b5>es aft] p]=m+ c]ta9 ,%rddhas !re4 ,! giv+ ( oblations cont9ues daily till ! t5? day4 ,! oblations ( ! t5? day are call$ ,das ,p9da4 ,! rites ( ! elev5? day are call$ ,ekoti/ha4 ,on ! elev5? day ! p]son p]=m+ ! rites has to *ange 8 sacr$ ?read1 aft] sipp+ a little c['s ur9e4 ,cook$ food is prep>$ at ! place :]e ! rites ( ! elev5? day are p]=m$1 & ,brhmans are f$ !re1 or at lea/ ?irty-two m\?fuls ( cook$ food are (f]$ to ! sacr$ fire4 ,a big ball ( boil$ rice is put be=e ! sacr$ fire or ne> ! ,brhmans tak+ _! meals4 ,?is ball is !n ?r[n into ! sea4 ,a male calf is br&$1 wor%ipp$ & let loose4 ,?is calf is call$ ,vasu1 & is consid]$ sacr$ by ! villag]s4 ,on ! #aa? day1 special c]emonies = propitiat+ ! eight ,vasus & ! elev5 ,rudras are p]=m$1 & gifts ( a plot ( gr\nd1 a c[1 cook+ vessels1 v>i\s k9ds ( corn1 gold5 images1 silv] & copp] co9s1 clo!s1 %oes1 umbrellas1 b$d+1 etc4 are giv5 to ! ,brhmans collect$ !re4 ,on ! #ac? day aft] dea? a fea/ is giv5 to #ac or m ,brhmans & ! o!r relatives4 ,navakdn1 i4e41 ! gift ( a %ip & ,gopradn1 i4e41 ( a c[ & a calf1 are also giv5 to ! ,brhmans on ! und]/&+ t !y w help ! s\l ( ! dead :ile cross+ ! riv] ,vait>na4 #fgg ,wat] mix$ ) til or sesamum se$1 s&alpa/e1 & oblations ( boil$ rice are giv5 daily to ! manes to secure _! goodwill t[>ds ! survivors4 #fgh ,at ,bankavli 9 ! ,dpoli taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 9 ord] to prev5t ! s\l f assum+ ! =m ( a gho/1 !re is a cu/om ( ty+ a piece ( ,gulvel1 a species ( moonse$1 or ! se$ ( a vegetable kn[n z ,m?bhji1 r\nd ! neck ( ! corpse be=e burn+ x4 ,x is also believ$ t1 by do+ ?is1 ! s\l is prev5t$ f tr\bl+ ! survivors4 #fgi ,at ,poladpur 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 "s villag]s drive an iron nail into ! head ( ! corpse be=e x is tak5 to ! fun]al gr\nd4 ,!y believe t1 9 consequ5ce1 ! s\l ( ! deceas$ w n turn into an evil _s4 ,"s p scatt] gra9 on ! road :ile ! corpse is be+ c>ri$ to ! cremation gr\nd4 #fhj ,among ! ,h9dus 9 ! ,konkan1 z well z 9 ! ,deccan1 dead bodies are g5]ally burnt1 b "u ! foll[+ circum/ances !y are buri$4 ,p]sons dy+ ( small pox1 wom5 dy+ 9 *ildbir? or dur+ _! m5ses1 *ildr5 dy+ )9 six mon?s f _! bir?1 & ,sanysis are buri$4 ,! bodies ( p]sons suff]+ f leprosy are necess>ily buri$4 #fha ,among ,l+yats ! bodies are always buri$4 ,c]ta9 mantras are repeat$ :ile bury+ or burn+ ! dead body4 ,:ile bury+1 cocoanuts & c]ta9 k9ds ( gra9 are ?r[n into ! grave1 & aft] cov]+ ! dead body ) salt1 ! grave is fill$ up ) e>? & /ones4 #fhb ,:ile burn+1 ! dead body is plac$ on ! fun]al pile ) its head to ! nor? & feet t[>ds ! s\?4 ,tulsi wood1 s&al-wood1 & ,bel wood are kept on ! pile be=e plac+ ! dead body ov] x4 ,cocoanuts & camphor cakes are plac$ on ! body1 & x is set on fire4 ,among ! ,l+yats & ,gosvis ! dead are buri$4 ,be=e bury+1 ! ,l+yats h to take a writt5 ord] f _! prie/1 ! ,ayya or ,jangam4 ,! pap] is !n ti$ to ! neck ( ! deceas$1 & ! body is plac$ 9 a bag made ( new clo?1 ! head be+ all[$ to rema9 out ( ! bag4 ,bhasma or a%es1 salt & camphor are also put into ! bag along ) ! corpse1 :i* is !n buri$4 ,! ,jangam repeats mantras :5 ! body is 9 ! grave4 ,no su* writt5 ord] is necess>y = ! burial ( ,gosvis4 ,a cocoanut is brok5 on ! head ( ! corpse at ! "t ( bury+ x4 ,among high class ,h9dus ! corpse is c>ri$ to ! fun]al gr\nd 9 a bi] made ( bamboos4 ,among ! ,l+yats a gaily dress$ frame call$ ,makh> is prep>$ on ! bi]1 & ! body is dress$ ) clo!s & head dress & seat$ 9 ! ,makh>4 ,"s ( !m c>ry ! dead body 9 a bag made ( blanket4 ,!re is a cu/om ( keep+ foot-pr9ts on ! spot :]e a ,sanysi is buri$1 & !y are daily wor%ipp$ by ! p4 #fhc ,among ! ,k?awatis ( ,?na & ,kolba ,di/ricts ! dead body is fir/ buri$1 & aft] a few days ! skeleton is tak5 out ( ! grave & !n burnt z usual4 #fhd ,among ! high class ,h9dus ! m\/a*es are %av$ at ! dea? ( p>5ts1 pat]nal uncle & eld] bro!r4 ,among ! ,%udras x is n necess>y to %ave4 #fhe ,p]sons :o h lo/ _! p>5ts h to p]=m c]ta9 fun]al rites or ,%rddhas :5 !y visit holy places su* z ,b5res1 ,prayg1 ,ayodhya & ,nsik1 & !y h to %ave _! m\/a*es at all ^! places be=e p]=m+ ! fun]al rites4 #fhf ,m\/a*es are also %av$ z a p5ance = c]ta9 s9s4 ,! ,agnihotri1 i4e41 "o :o pres]ves p]petual fire 9 8 h\se = wor%ip1 has to get himself %av$ e =tnight4 #fhg ,among high class ,h9dus boil$ rice is daily (f]$ to ! dead aft] a portion has be5 ?r[n into ! fire1 ! rema9d] be+ giv5 to ! cr[s4 ,! portion ?r[n 9 ! fire is call$ ,vai%vadev1 & t :i* is giv5 to ! cr[s is call$ ,kgws4 ,among o!r ,h9dus x is giv5 on ! la/ day ( ,bhdrapada & on ! date ( ! fa!r's dea?1 annually4 #fhh ,oblations ( boil$ rice are giv5 to ! dead e day1 on ! la/ day ( ! ,h9du cal5d> mon?1 on ! date ( a p]son's dea? e mon?1 on ! same date ( ! d>k half ( ,bhdrapada e ye>4 ,^! oblations are put out ( ! h\se be=e tak+ ! meals4 ,x is believ$ t ! ance/ors come d[n 9 ! =m ( cr[s to p>take ( ^! (f]+s4 #fhi ,oblations ( cook$ food are also (f]$ to a c[1 & consid]$ ?us to be receiv$ by ! dead4 ,!y are especially giv5 to ! cr[s annually 9 ! d>k half ( ,bhdrapada on ! date ( ! deceas$'s dea?4 #fij ,aft] ! corpse has be5 c>ri$ to ! fun]al gr\nd1 an oil lamp conta9+ "o cotton wick is kept on ! spot :]e ! deceas$ expir$4 ,! flame ( ! lamp is direct$ t[>ds ! s\? z x is believ$ t ! s\l goes to heav5 by ! s\?4 ,a ball ( boil$ rice & a little quantity ( wat] or milk is kept daily = ! fir/ t5 days ne> ! lamp :ile repeat+ ! "n ( ! deceas$ & ( ! gotra to :i* x belong$4 ,! lamp is tak5 out ( ! h\se on ! #aa? day4 #fia ,h9dus believe t impurity atta*es to all ! ?+s 9 ! h\se 9 consequ5ce ( ! dea? ( a p]son 9 t h\se4 ,all ^? ?+s :i* c be purifi$ by wa%+ are wa%$ & tak5 back1 :ile ?+s l e>!n pots1 cook$ food1 etc4 are ?r[n away1 special c>e be+ tak5 to break ^! pots1 s t !y may n be us$ aga94 ,ev5 ! walls ( ! h\se are :ite wa%$4 #fib ,! e>!n pots t are requir$ = ! fun]al rites ( ! dead are all brok54 ,"o :i* is requir$ = boil+ wat] to ba! ! corpse is brok5 :5 ! body is c>ri$ to ! fun]al gr\nd4 ,( ! re/1 "o is brok5 at ! fun]al pile aft] ! son has pass$ ?rice r\nd ! pile ) an e>!n vessel fill$ ) wat]4 ,x is believ$ t birds & animals dr9k+ wat] out ( ^! vessels w\ld be infect$ by disease1 & ?is is ! reason :y ^! pots are brok54 ,! m\rn]s :o use e>!n vessels dur+ ! m\rn+ break !m at ! end ( ! m\rn+ p]iod4 #fic ,among ! ,agris ( ,*aul 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 all e>!n vessels 9 ! h\se are brok5 on ! elev5? day aft] a dea? 9 ! family1 ! *ief reason assign$ = ?is act be+ t ! wi%es & desires ( ! deceas$ might lurk 9 ! e>!n vessels & cause tr\ble to ! inmates ( ! h\se4 #fid ,all ! memb]s ( ! family ( ! dead h to obs]ve m\rn+ = t5 days4 ,!y are purifi$ on ! elev5? day aft] tak+ a ba? & sipp+ ,pan*gavya1 or ! five products ( ! c[4 ,! son ( ! dead p]son1 or "o :o p]=ms ! fun]al rites ( ! dead is purifi$ on ! twelf? day aft] complet+ ! rites ( ,sap9di4 ,a man 9 m\rn+ does n t\* ^? :o are n 9 m\rn+4 ,if anybody t\*es him1 bo? ( !m h to take a ba?4 ,! son ( ! deceas$ or1 9 ! abs5ce ( a son1 any male memb] belong+ to ! family is entitl$ to p]=m ! fun]al rites ( ! dead4 ,^! rites are p]=m$ dur+ ! fir/ twelve days1 beg9n+ f ! fir/ day or f ! #crd1 #e?1 #g? or ! #i?4 ,"o :o p]=ms ^! rites has to sleep on ! gr\nd dur+ ^! twelve days4 ,a p]son he>+ ( ! dea? ( a memb] ( 8 family )9 ! fir/ t5 days f ! date ( ! dea?1 becomes free f t m\rn+ on ! elev5? day4 ,if he happ5s to he> x )9 "o mon? ( ! dea?1 he has to obs]ve x = ?ree days & aft] "o mon? he has to obs]ve x = "o day only4 #fie ,! son1 or "o :o p]=ms ! fun]al rites ( ! deceas$ has to sleep on ! gr\nd1 & has to take 8 meals only once a day till ! end ( ! #ac? day4 ,he takes 8 ba? 9 cold wat]4 ,sweet ?+s are n prep>$ 9 ! h\se dur+ ! days ( m\rn+4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( m\rn+1 e morn+1 a ,brhman comes to ! m\rn]'s h\se & recites "s passages f ! ,g>ud ,purna1 :i* relates to ! /ate ( ! s\l aft] dea?4 ,on ! elev5? day ! h\se is besme>$ ) c[dung1 & c['s ur9e is spr9kl$ 9 ! h\se4 ,all ! clo!s are wa%$4 ,m\rn+ is n obs]v$ 9 ! case ( a dea? ( a ,sanysi1 & ! ,l+yats d n obs]ve any k9d ( m\rn+4 #fif ,! bro!r ( ! deceas$1 8 son1 gr&son & all ! memb]s belong+ to ! family1 h to obs]ve ! m\rn+ = t5 days4 ,! m>ri$ daught] ( ! deceas$ has to obs]ve x = ?ree days4 ,f ! fif? or six? g5]ation 9 ! same family1 x is obs]v$ = ?ree or "o day only4 #fig ,9 case ( ! dea? ( a wife's p>5ts1 ! husb& has to obs]ve m\rn+ = ?ree days4 ,dur+ ! m\rn+ days p d n wor%ip ! gods or g to ! temples4 ,milk is also prohibit$ dur+ ! m\rn+ p]iod4 ,! m\rn]s are n to t\* anybody except ! memb]s ( _! family4 #fih ,on ! ?irte5? day ! sons & o!r memb]s ( ! family are tak5 out to visit ! temple ( any deity by ! p assembl$ = ! purpose4 ,x is believ$ t aft] go+ to ! temple on ! #ac? day1 ! sons & ! o!r memb]s ( ! family are at lib]ty to g out ( ! h\se4 #fii ,at ,kolhpur x is believ$ t ! deities ,etali & ,klki ( ! ,konkan di/ricts keep ) !m evil spirits z _! s]vants4 ,^! s]vant spirits obey ! ord]s ( ^! deities4 ,"s p 9 ?is di/rict g to ! temples ( ^! deities & reque/ !m to l5d !m ! s]vices ( ^! _s s]vants4 ,x is consid]$ v lucky to secure ! help ( ^! spirits4 ,! temple m9i/rant !n reque/s ! deity to give a ,kaul or om54 ,= ?is purpose1 ! temple m9i/rant calls on ! deity to ent] 8 body1 & :5 he is possess$ by ! _s ( ! deity1 he all[s ! applicant to take ) him "o ( ! deity's s]vants = a fix$ p]iod4 ,! ,gurav1 or ! m9i/rant1 !n expla9s to ! p]son ! p]iod = :i* ! _s s]vant is giv51 & ! am\nt ( ! annual tribute requir$ to be giv5 to ! deity = ! use ( h] s]vant4 ,he also gives him a cocoanut & sacr$ a%es4 ,! applicant !n returns home1 believ+ t ! _s s]vant w foll[ him1 & f t "t he prosp]s4 ,?is _s s]vant is call$ ,*etuk1 & x c be se5 only by ! p]son 9 ^: *>ge x is giv5 by ! ,gurav4 #gjj ,at ,a*>e 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! _s ( a ,brhman well v]s$ 9 ! ,v$as is call$ ,mahpuru%a & x is said to be b5evol5t4 ,x haunts ,pipal & ,umb> trees4 #gja ,at ,murbd 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 ! _s kn[n z ,vetl1 ! k+ ( evil spirits1 is consid]$ to be b5evol5t4 #gjb ,! _s kn[n z ,mahpuru% haunts ! ,pipal & ,umb> trees4 ,avagat ! gho/ ( a wid[ haunts ! ,avali 7,phyllan?us emblica7 tree4 ,alavant1 ! gho/ ( a woman dy+ at *ildbir? or dur+ h] m5ses1 lives 9 ! ,ng*mpa1 ,surang & ! ,kjra trees4 ,deva*r1 ,samb&h1 ,munja1 ,zot+1 ,khavis & ,khpra reside 9 trees & plants4 #gjc ,! p ( ,kolhpur believe t ! spirits kn[n z ,brahmasamb&h1 ,brahma ,rk%asa1 & ,khavis reside 9 trees4 #gjd ,! spirits kn[n z ,dev*r & ,*legat are consid]$ to be ! special protectors ( crops & cattle4 #gje ,! p ( ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict believe t ! village deities & ! ,deva*rs are ! special protectors ( crops & cattle4 ,(f]+s ( f[ls & cocoanuts are made to !m annually4 #gjf ,at ,ko*>e 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! _s kn[n z ,viswti is believ$ to be ! special protector ( crops & cattle4 #gjg ,! p ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict consid] t ! spirits kn[n z ,mha%ya1 ,khavis1 & ,bndav are ! protectors ( crops & cattle4 #gjh ,at ,dahnu 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 ! _s ,*$a is believ$ to be ! gu>dian ( crops & cattle4 #gji ,! p ( ,kolhpur believe t ! deities ( ! fields protect ! crops & cattle4 ,^? :o are 9 possession ( ! ,*etuk1 or ! s]vant _s1 are sure to f9d _! crops & cattle protect$ by ?is s]vant _s4 #gaj ,evil spirits are n usually invok$ to fright5 *ildr51 b occasionally ! names ( gobl9s su* z ,bgulbwa1 ,b[ji1 ,gosvi etc4 are m5tion$ to sc>e !m4 #gaa ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,tree ,,& ,,s]p5t ,,wor%ip4 ,groves ( mango trees are consid]$ to be sacr$ z !y h a pleas+ appe>ance1 & af=d grateful %elt] aga9/ ! heat ( ! day4 ,x is a g5]al belief among ,h9dus t trees f :i* su* pleasure & protection are d]iv$ mu/ naturally be ! abode ( ! gods4 ,!re are _m su* groves 9 ,satra4 ,dur+ ! spr+ season p g to ^! groves & wor%ip ! trees4 ,! ,h9dus h a g5]al prejudice aga9/ cutt+ liv+ trees :i* yield fruits1 & x is consid]$ specially inauspici\s to cut ! foll[+ trees3-- ,umb>1 ,vad or ,banian tree1 ,pipal1 ,saundad or ,%ami1 ,palus1 ,bel1 ,rui1 ,avali & ! ,tulsi plant1 = x is believ$ t ^! trees are ! abode ( deities1 e4g4 ! god ,datttraya resides "u ! ,umb> tree1 ! goddess ,prvati on ! ,banian tree1 & ! god ,vi%nu resides ne> ! ,tulsi plant4 ,! god ,brahma1 ! creator ( ! _w1 is f\nd 9 ! ,pipal tree4 ,! planta9 tree is also consid]$ to be sacr$4 ,:ile ga!r+ a bun* ( planta9s1 ! tree is fir/ cut be=e ! bun*4 ,x is consid]$ inauspici\s to ga!r ! bun* )\t s do+4 #gab ,!re are c]ta9 groves at ,ubhdnda 9 ! ,v5gurla taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict :i* are suppos$ to be haunt$ by ,deva*rs1 & are !re=e n cut by ! p4 #gac ,! p ( ,ibrmpur 9 ! ,*iplun taluka consid] x inauspici\s to cut ! ,vad & ,pipal trees ( :i* ! ?read c]emonies h be5 p]=m$4 ,aft] ! ?read c]emony ( ^! trees is ov]1 a /one plat=m is rais$ ar\nd !m4 #gad ,at ,fonda 9 ! ,devgad taluka1 x is consid]$ inauspici\s to cut ! trees & ! groves t surr\nd ! temple ( a village deity1 = !y are believ$ to belong to t deity4 #gae ,at ,padghe 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 ! trees :i* are suppos$ to h be5 haunt$ by evil spirits su* z ,samb&h1 ,munja1 ,deva*r1 etc4 are n g5]ally cut by ! p ?r\gh fe> ( ^! spirits4 ,:5 any tree is cut d[n1 ! cu/om is to keep a /one at ! root ( ! tree 9 ord] t ! place may no long] be affect$ or haunt$ by ! _s 9 ! tree4 #gaf ,!re are c]ta9 families :o d n burn ,pipal1 ,khair1 or ,%iwani wood4 ,!y believe t ! burn+ ( ^! trees causes h>m to _! families4 ,x is said t ! burn+ ( ! ,apta tree causes ! bre$+ ( ! insect kn[n z ,go*adi1 i4e41 ! cattle or dog l\se4 #gag ,!re is an ,awdumb> tree ( ! god ,datttraya at ,bhillawadi1 & a big ,banian tree ne> ! ma? ( ! ,l+yat swmi nam$ ,kadappa ne> ,kolhpur1 :i* are wor%ipp$ by ! p ( ! neighb\r+ villages4 ,! ,saundad tree1 bett] kn[n z ,%ami1 is wor%ipp$ once a ye> on ! ,das>a1 ! #aj? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v9 7,octob]74 ,x is said t ,rma1 ! sev5? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu1 kept 8 arms on ! ,%ami tree dur+ 8 f\rte5 ye>s' exile1 & took !m back aga9 :5 he m>*$ ^u ,lanka or ,ceylon to kill ,rwan1 ! demon k+ ( ,ceylon4 ,:ile go+ to ,lanka he b[$ to ! ,%ami tree1 & z he 0 successful 9 8 und]tak+1 ! ,m>?s us$ to />t = a campaign on ! ,das>a day aft] wor%ipp+ ! ,%ami tree1 & di/ribut+ its leaves among _! fri5ds call+ x ,suw>n or gold4 ,?is is said to be ! orig9 ( ! fe/ival ( ,das>a4 ,a species ( ! tam>9d tree call$ ,gorakh ,*9* is said to be connect$ ) ! ,h9du sa9t ,gorakhn?4 ,= ?is reason ?is tree is wor%ipp$ by ! p4 ,a great fair is held e ye> at ,battis ,%irle 9 ! ,satra ,di/rict1 :i* is situat$ at a di/ance ( ab\t t5 miles f ,kolhpur4 #gah ,! ,pipal1 ! ,umb>1 ! ,vad or ,banian tree1 & ! ,tulsi plant are wor%ipp$ by ,h9dus 9 g5]al4 ,! ,apta tree is wor%ipp$ by ,h9dus on ! ,das>a day1 & its leaves are di/ribut$ "u ! "n ( sone1 or gold1 among _! fri5ds & relatives4 #gai ,at ,m$he 9 ! ,roha taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 !re is a tree ,vehala 7,bel]ic myrobalan7 :i* is believ$ to be connect$ ) ! local deity ,mhasoba4 ,x is consid]$ to be a sacr$ tree1 & nobody d>es to cut x or to t\* x ) ! feet4 #gbj ,at ,%irgon 9 ! ,mhim taluka ( ! ,?na ,di/rict !re is a ,rnjani tree on ! bank ( a tank call$ ,khamble1 :i* is said to be connect$ ) ! deity ,brahma2 & !re=e no bran* ( t tree is cut by ! p4 ,x is consid]$ h>mful to cut ! tree4 #gba ,at ,gngpur 9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict1 !re is a ,vad tree connect$ ) ! sa9t ,kabir4 ,x is call$ ,kabirvad4 ,!re is also an ,awdumb> tree connect$ ) ! god ,datttraya1 & kn[n z ,datttraya ,awdumb>4 #gbb ,! ,umb>1 ,pipal1 ,vad1 & ! ,tulsi plant are consid]$ to be sacr$1 & are respect$ by ,h9dus4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! leg5ds ab\t _! sacr$ness4 ,umb>--,:5 ! god ,vi%nu 9 8 f\r? inc>nation1 call$ ,n>s9h1 i4e41 half man & half lion1 tore into pieces ! body ( ! demon nam$ ,hiranyaka%ipu ) 8 claws1 he felt a burn+ s5sation ( ! poison f ! body ( t demon1 :i* 0 assuag$ by ?ru/+ 8 h&s into ! trunk ( ! ,umb> or ,awdumb> tree4 #gbc ,9 ord] t !y may get ! auspici\s sight ( a deity e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ,h9dus g5]ally plant ! ,umb> & ,tulsi trees 9 front ( _! h\ses1 & wor%ip !m daily4 ,! juice ( ! root ( ! ,umb> has a cool+ effect1 & h5ce x is freely us$ 9 cases ( measles or it*4 ,its sap is also us$ z m$ic9e = swell+s4 ,x is v pleasant to sit "u ! %ade ( ?is tree1 & z x is believ$ t ! god ,datttraya resides b5ea? ?is tree1 x is held v sacr$ by ! ,h9dus4 #gbd ,pipal--,! ,pipal tree is consid]$ v sacr$ because x is believ$ t ! god ,brahma resides 9 ! roots1 ! god ,vi%nu 9 ! trunk1 & ! god ,%iva on ! top ( ?is tree4 ,p]sons :o make a p>ticul> v[ or h any objects to be fulfill$ wor%ip ! ,pipal tree1 & walk r\nd x sev]al times e day4 #gbe ,! evil spirits ,samb&h1 ,deva*r1 ,munja1 & ,vetl haunt ! ,pipal tree4 ,^! spirits are consid]$ to be ! s]vants ( ! god ,%iva4 ,x is also believ$ t p]sons :o wor%ip & walk r\nd ?is tree daily are n affect$ by ^? spirits4 ,! ,pipal tree is specially wor%ipp$ at dawn on ,saturday z x is consid]$ t ! gods ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,mahe% or ,%iva happ5 to be !re at t "t4 #gbf ,vad or ! ,banian tree--,a pr9ce nam$ ,satyawn di$ ( snakebite "u ! ,vad tree4 ,8 wife nam$ ,svitri1 :o 0 v *a/e & dutiful1 reque/$ ,yama1 ! god ( dea?1 & succe$$ 9 secur+ f him ! life ( h] husb& ,satyawn4 ,z ! pr9ce ,satyawn return$ f ! jaws ( dea? "u ! ,vad tree1 ?is tree 0 specially wor%ipp$ by h]1 & x is !re=e believ$ t ,svitri has ev] s9ce !n be5 responsible = ! practice ( wor%ipp+ ! ,vad tree by wom5 = ! purpose ( secur+ a long life to _! husb&s4 #gbg ,x is also believ$ t ! god ,vi%nu takes %elt] "u ! ,vad at ! "t ( ! g5]al de/ruction ( ! _w4 ,! wor%ip ( ?is tree is simil> to t ( ! o!r deities1 & wom5 take turns ar\nd x at ! close ( ! wor%ip or puja4 #gbh ,! ,tulsi plant is wor%ipp$ daily by ! ,h9dus 9 g5]al1 & wom5 9 p>ticul>1 by keep+ ! plant ne> _! h\ses4 ,! god ,vi%nu is wor%ipp$ p>ticul>ly by ! leaf ( ?is plant4#b ,! ,tulsi plant is consid]$ by ! p to repres5t ! goddess ,luxmi1 ! wife ( ,vi%nu4 ,h9du wom5 w n take _! meals be=e wor%ipp+ ! ,tulsi plant daily 9 ! morn+4 ,x is also said t ! god ,vi%nu1 9 8 eigh? inc>nation call$ ,kri%na1 _h lov$ ,vrunda1 ! wife ( a demon4 ,aft] h] dea? %e 0 burnt1 b on h] burn+ gr\nd !re grew ! ,tulsi plant4 ,z ,kri%na lov$ ,vrunda v de>ly1 he began to love ?is plant also1 & h5ce ! image ( ,bl ,kri%na1 or ! god ,vi%nu1 is m>ri$ to ?is plant e ye> on ! #ab? day ( ! bright half ( ,krtik 7,novemb]74 #gbi ,z x is also believ$ t ! god ,vi%nu resides 9 ! ,tulsi plant1 ! wor%ip ( ?is plant is equival5t to ! wor%ip ( ! god ,vi%nu4 #gcj ,besides ! above m5tion$ trees1 ! ,palus 7,butea frondosa71 ! ,bel1 a tree sacr$ to god ,%iva1 & ! ,%ami 7,prosopis spicig]a71 a tree sacr$ to god ,ganpati ! son ( ,%iva1 are consid]$ to be holy by ! ,h9dus4 #gca ,a common cu/om among ,h9dus is = a p]son :o has lo/ 8 two wives & wi%es to m>ry a ?ird1 to be fir/ m>ri$ to a ,rui plant1 & !n to ! actual bride4 ,8 m>riage ) ! ,rui plant is consid]$ z a ?ird m>riage4 ,aft] ! m>riage1 ! ,rui plant is cut d[n & buri$1 & ?us ! m>riage ) ! ?ird bride is consid]$ to be a f\r? m>riage4 ,! m>riage ) ! ,rui plant has be5 adopt$ 9 ! belief t ! ?ird wife is sure to die unless ! _s ( ! deceas$ is made to ent] ! ,rui plant4 #gcb ,:5 a girl is born "u ! influ5ce ( inauspici\s planets :i* may be h>mful to h] husb&1 %e is fir/ m>ri$ to a tree or an e>!n pot1 & !n to ! bridegroom4 ,! m>riage ) ! e>!n pot is call$ ,kumbhavivha1 or ! pot-w$d+4 ,x is believ$ t1 by obs]v+ ?is practice1 ! dang] to h] husb& is avoid$4 ,! dang] passes to ! tree to :i* %e is fir/ m>ri$4 #gcc ,among ! l[] classes 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict #gcd a poor man unable to m>ry ow+ to 8 pov]ty is fir/ m>ri$ to a ,rui plant & !n to a wid[4 ,?is m>riage ) a wid[ is call$ pt lvane4 ,?is rem>riage ( a wid[ among ! l[] classes is g5]ally p]=m$ at night1 & "u an old mango tree4 ,x is nev] p]=m$ 9 ! h\se4 ,a wid[ :o has rem>ri$ _c take "p 9 any auspici\s c]emony su* z a m>riage1 etc4#h ,at ,vankavli 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict !re is a cu/om among ! l[ class ,h9dus ( a woman :o has lo/ h] second husb& & wi%es to m>ry = ! ?ird "t1 fir/ m>ry+ a cock1 i4e41 %e takes ! cock 9 h] arms at ! "t ( h] m>riage ) ! ?ird husb&4 #gce ,p]sons :o h no *ildr5 make a v[ to ,kh&oba at ,jejuri t ! fir/born1 male or female1 %all be (f]$ to him4 ,! females1 (f]$ 9 fulfilm5t ( su* v[s are call$ ,muralis4 ,!y are m>ri$ to ! god ,kh&oba1 & h to e>n _! livelihood by begg+ 9 villages4 ,a male *ild ?us (f]$ to ! god is call$ a ,vghya4 #gcf ,!re is a cu/om ( (f]+ *ildr5 to ! deities ,yallamma & ,kh&oba 9 fulfilm5t ( v[s made 9 ord] to get a *ild4 ,! *ild is tak5 to ! temple ( ^! deities1 accompani$ ) music4 ,! temple m9i/rant asks ! *ild to /& on a wood5 bo>d on a heap ( rice 9 front ( ! deity1 & puts into its h&s a p>adi--a flat basket ( bamboo1 ty+ to its neck ! d>%ana ( ! deity4 ,a female *ild is m>ri$ to ! dagg]--,katyr--( ! deity4 ,:5 once ?is c]emony has be5 p]=m$1 p>5ts ab&on _! rights to su* *ildr54 ,:5 ^! *ildr5 come ( age1 ! males c m>ry b ! females _c4 ,! latt] e>ns h] livelihood begg+ jogava 9 ! "n ( ! goddess ,amba ) a p>adi 9 h] h&4 ,a male *ild (f]$ to ! goddess ,yallamma is call$ jogata1 & a female1 jogat94 ,*ildr5 d$icat$ to ! goddess ,myka are call$ ,jogi & ,jog94 ,*ildr5 (f]$ to ,firangi & ,ambbi are call$ ,bhutya 7male7 & ,bhut9 7female74 #gcg ,9 ! ,konkan di/ricts !re is a class ( wom5 kn[n z ,bhv9is :o are said to be m>ri$ to ,khanjir1 i4e41 a dagg] belong+ to ! god4 ,!y are also call$ deva yo%ita1 i4e41 pro/itutes (f]$ to ! god4 ,!y h no ca/e ( _! own4 ,!y reta9 ! "n ( ! ca/e to :i* !y orig9ally belong$1 su* z ,m>! ,bhv9i1 ,bh&ri ,bhv9i1 ,sutr ,bhv9i1 etc4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt is giv5 ( ! orig9 ( ! sect ( ,bhv9is4 ,a woman wi%+ to ab&on h] husb& goes to ! temple ( a village deity at night1 & 9 pres5ce ( ! p assembl$ 9 t temple %e takes oil f ! lamp burn+ 9 ! temple1 & p\rs x ^u h] head4 ,?is process is call$ ,deval righane1 i4e41 to ent] into ! s]vice ( ! temple4 ,aft] %e has p\r$ sweet oil f ! lamp ^u h] head1 %e has no fur!r connection ) h] husb&4 ,%e becomes ! maid s]vant ( ! temple1 & is free to behave z %e likes4 ,daught]s ( su* ,bhv9is :o d n wi% to m>ry1 und]go ! process ( %esa bh>ane1 & foll[ ! occupation ( _! mo!rs4 ,! sons ( ! ,bhv9is h an equal "r to ! prop]ty ( _! "m1 b any daught] :o m>ries a lawful husb& loses h] %>e 9 ! prop]ty ( h] "m4 ,a ,devali foll[s ! occupation ( bl[+ ! horn or cornet1 & is entitl$ to hold ! tor*es 9 ! m>riage c]emonies ( ! p 9 ! village4 ,_m ( !m le>n ! art ( play+ ^u ! tab\r--mrudunga--& are useful to ,ka!k>is1 i4e41 ^? :o recite leg5ds ( ! gods ) music & s++4 ,"s ( !m become f>m]s :ile o!rs are unoccupi$4 ,bhv9is foll[ ! occupation ( a maid-s]vant 9 ! temple1 b _! real occupation is t ( public wom54 ,!y are n scorn$ by ! public4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y are requir$ to be pres5t at ! "t ( a m>riage to tie ! m>riage-/r+--,mangalsutra--( a bride1 = !y are suppos$ to enjoy p]petual unwid[hood--',janma suws9i4' ,"s ( ! h\ses ( ,bhv9is become ! fav\rite resorts ( gambl]s & vagabonds4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a daught]1 a ,bhv9i pur*ases a girl f a h>lot1 & adopts h] z h] daught] to c>ry on h] pr(ession4 #gch ,snakes are believ$ to be ! /ep-bro!rs ( ! gods4 ,!y reside "u ! e>? & are v p[]ful4 ,! snake is consid]$ to be v beautiful among creep+ animals1 & is "o ( ! ornam5ts ( ! god ,%iva4 ,an image ( a snake made ( brass is kept 9 ! temple ( ! god ,%iva1 & wor%ipp$ daily along ) ! god4 ,!re is a cu/om among ! ,h9dus ( wor%ipp+ ,nga1 i4e41 ! cobra1 once a ye> on ! ,nga pan*ami day1 i4e41 ! fif? day ( ! bright half ( ,%rwan 7,augu/74 ,images ( snakes are drawn ) s&alpa/e on a wood5 bo>d or on ! walls ( h\ses1 & wor%ipp$ by ,h9du wom5 on ?is day4 ,durva grass1 sacr$ to ,ganpati1 p>*$ rice lhya1 legumes kadadan1 & milk are (f]$ to ?is image4 ,"s p g to ! snake's abode ,vrul--an ant-hill--on ?is day to wor%ip ! snake itself1 if !y happ5 to cat* sight ( x4 #gci ,x is said t at ,battisa ,%irle 9 ! ,belgum ,di/rict ! real ,nga comes out ( its abode bel[ ! e>? on ?is day1 & is wor%ipp$ by ! p4 ,milk & lhya1 p>*$ rice1 are put outside ! h\se at night on ?is day ) ! int5tion t !y may be consum$ by a snake4 ,h9dus d n dig or pl\gh ! e>? on ,nga pan*ami day4 ,ev5 vegetables are n cut & fri$ on ?is day by "s p4 #gdj ,e>!n images ( snakes are wor%ipp$ by "s p 9 ! ,konkan di/ricts on ! ,nga pan*ami day4 ,! ,nga is consid]$ to be a ,brhman by ca/e1 & x is believ$ t ! family ( ! p]son :o kills a snake becomes ext9ct4 ,! cobra be+ consid]$ a ,brhman1 its dead body is adorn$ ) ! jnawe1 & !n burnt z t ( a human be+4 ,a copp] co9 is also ?r[n into its fun]al pile4 #gda ,at c]ta9 villages 9 ! ,deccan a big e>!n image ( a snake is consecrat$ 9 a public place on ! ,nga pan*ami day1 & wor%ipp$ by ,h9dus 9 g5]al4 ,wom5 s+ _! songs 9 circles be=e ?is image :ile m5 p]=m tam%s by its side4 ,9 fact1 ! day is enjoy$ by ! p z a holiday4 ,! snake is remov$ next day1 & an idol 9 ! =m ( a man made ( mud is seat$ 9 its place4 ,?is idol is call$ ,%irl%et1 :o is said once to h be5 a k+ & to h rul$ ov] ?is e>? = "o & "o-f\r?s ( a ghataka1 i4e41 = half an h\r only4 ,?is day1 is obs]v$ z a day ( rejoic+ by ! p4 #gdb ,! names ( ! snake deities are ,tak%aka1 ,vsuki & ,%e%a4 ,_! %r9es are at ,kolhpur1 ,ngo?ane1 ,prayaga1 ,ngadev*i ,wdi & ,subramhanya4 ,a great fair is held e ye> at ,battisa ,%irle on ! ,nga pan*ami day4#d ,!re is a %r9e ( a snake deity at ,svantwdi4 ,! managem5t ( ! %r9e is 9 ! h&s ( ! ,/ate (ficials4 ,x is believ$ t a real snake resides !re94 #gdc ,!re is a %r9e ( a snake deity at ,aws 9 ! ,alibg taluka ( ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 :]e a great fair is held e ye> on ! #ad? day ( ! bright half ( ,krtik 7,novemb]74 ,x is said t p]sons suff]+ f snakebites recov] :5 tak5 9 "t to ?is temple4 #gdd ,x is said t a covet\s p]son :o acquires great weal? dur+ 8 life-"t & dies )\t enjoy+ x1 or )\t issue1 becomes a snake aft] dea?1 & gu>ds 8 buri$ treasures4 ,at ,kolhpur !re 0 a ,swkr--money-l5d]--nam$ ,kodulk> :o is said to h become a snake1 & to gu>d 8 treasures4 ,9 ! village ( ,kailava 9 ! ,panhla pe?a ( ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict !re is a snake 9 ! h\se ( a ,kulk>ni1 :o sc>es away ^? :o try to ent] ! /oreh\se ( ! ,kulk>ni4 #gde ,x is a g5]al belief among ! ,h9dus t snakes gu>d treasures4 ,x is said t !re are c]ta9 places gu>d$ by snakes 9 ,goa t]ritory4 ,p]sons :o 7 compell$ to ab&on ,portuguese t]ritory ow+ to religi\s p]secutions at ! h&s ( ! ,portuguese buri$ _! treasures b5ea? ! gr\nd4 ,^? :o di$ dur+ exile are said to h become bhuts or gho/s1 & x is believ$ t !y gu>d _! buri$ treasures 9 ! =m ( snakes4 #gdf ,! ,h9dus g5]ally believe t ! snakes :o gu>d buri$ treasures d n all[ any "o to g ne> !m4 ,! snake fright5s ^? :o try to approa*1 b :5 he wi%es to h& ov] ! treasure to anybody he goes to t p]son at night1 & tells him 9 a dream t ! treasure buri$ at su* & su* a place belongs to him1 & reque/s him to take x ov]4 ,aft] ! p]son has tak5 possession ( ! treasure z reque/$1 ! snake disappe>s f ! spot4 #gdg ,x is said t a snake :i* gu>ds treasure is g5]ally v old1 :ite 9 complexion1 & has long hair on its body4 #gdh ,h9dus wor%ip ! image ( a snake made ( ,d>bha grass or ( silk ?read on ! ,anant ,*aturda%i day1 i4e41 ! #ad? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v9 7,octob]71 & obs]ve t day z a holiday4 ,leg5ds ( ! exploits ( ! god are relat$ ) music & s++ on ?is day4 #gdi ,a snake fe/ival is obs]v$ 9 ! ,nge%w> temple at ,aws 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict on ! night ( ! #ad? day ( ! bright half ( ,krtika 7,novemb]74 ,ne>ly f\r hundr$ devotees ( ! god ,%ank> assemble 9 ! temple1 hold+ 9 _! h&s vetra-s>pa long cane /icks ) snake images at _! ends4 ,!y advance danc+ & repeat+ c]ta9 words1 & take turns r\nd ! temple till midnight4 ,aft] gett+ ! p]mission ( ! *ief devotee1 !y scatt] ?r\gh\t ! neighb\r+ villages ) small axes 9 _! h&s1 & cut d[n1 & br+ f ! g>d5s1 cocoanuts1 planta9s1 & o!r edible ?+s t are se5 on _! way4 ,!y return to ! temple aft] two h\rs1 ! la/ man be+ ! *ief devotee call$ ,kuw>kndya4 ,! fruits are !n di/ribut$ among ! p assembl$ at ! temple4 ,nobody int]f]es ) !m on ?is day 9 tak+ away cocoanuts & o!r fruits f ! village g>d5s4 ,on ! next day !y g danc+ 9 ! same mann] to ! ,kanake%w> hill ) ! snake /icks 9 _! h&s4 #gej ,9 ! ,deccan no special snake fe/ivals l ^? describ$ above are celebrat$4 ,b 9 ! temples devot$ to snake deities1 on ! full moon day ( ,krtik1 :i* is sacr$ to ! snake deity1 ! deity is wor%ipp$ ) special pomp1 & ! cre/s ( ! temples are illum9at$ on t night4 #gea ,! village cures = snakebite are3-- #a4 ,! use ( *>m$ wat] & ! repetition ( mantras by a sorc]]4 #b4 ,! use ( c]ta9 roots & h]bs z m$ic9es4 #c4 ,! removal ( ! suff]] to ! neighb\r+ temple4 #d4 ,br&+ ! w\nd ) fire4 #e4 ,! dr9k+ ( soapnut juice1 or ( wat] 9 :i* copp] co9s h be5 boil$ by ! pati5t1 :o is ?us made to vomit ! snake poison4 #geb ,9 ! ,deccan a p]son suff]+ f snakebite is tak5 to a village temple1 & ! m9i/rant is reque/$ to give him holy wat]4 ,! deity is also invok$4 ,?us keep+ ! p]son = "o night 9 ! temple1 he is c>ri$ to 8 h\se ! foll[+ day if cur$4 ,! v[s made to ! deity = ! recov]y ( ! p]son are !n fulfill$4 ,!re is "o turabat1 a tomb ( ,avalia a ,mahom$an sa9t1 at ,panhla :]e p]sons suff]+ f snakebite are made to sit ne> ! tomb1 & x is said t !y are cur$4 ,9 "s villages !re are en*ant$ trees ( ,kadulimb :]e p]sons plac$ "u ! %ade ( su* trees are cur$ ( snakebites4 ,"s p tie a /one r\nd ! neck ( ! suff]] z soon z he is bett]1 repeat+ ! words ,adi ,gudi ,imm ! "n ( a ,mahom$an sa9t4 ,aft] recov]y f snakebite ! p]son is tak5 to ! mosque ( ! ,adi ,gudi ,imm ,sheb1 :]e ! /one is unti$ be=e ! tomb1 & jgri equal to ! weight ( ! /one is (f]$4 ,a fea/ is also giv5 to ! ,mujw> or m9i/rant ( ! mosque4 ,!re is at pres5t a fam\s en*ant]--,mntrika--at ,satra :o cures p]sons suff]+ f snakebite4 ,x is said t he ?r[s *>m$ wat] on ! body ( ! suff]]1 & 9 a few m9utes ! snake beg9s to speak ?r\gh ! victim4 ,! sorc]] enquires :at ! snake wants4 ,! snake gives reasons = bit+ ! p]son4 ,:5 any ?+ ?us ask$ = by ! snake is (f]$1 ! victim comes to 8 s5ses1 & is cur$4 ,!re are _m witnesses to ! above fact4 #gec ,at ,mi?bv 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict *ick5s numb]+ f tw5ty to tw5ty-five are appli$ to ! w\nd caus$ by ! snakebite4 ,a *ick5 has ! p[] ( draw+ out ! poison f ! body ?r\gh ! w\nd1 b ?is causes ! dea? ( ! *ick54 ,! rem$y above describ$ is sure to be successful if x is tri$ )9 ?ree h\rs ( ! p]son be+ bitt54 ,!re are sev]al o!r m$ic9es :i* act on ! snakebite1 b !y mu/ be giv5 v promptly4 ,!re are "s m5 9 ?is village :o give *>m$ wat] = snake or any o!r bites4 ,_m p]sons suff]+ f snakebite h be5 cur$ by ! use ( mantras & *>m$ wat]4 #ged ,wat] f ! tanks ( ,vetv>e 9 ! ,svantwdi ,/ate & ,mnj>e 9 ,goa t]ritory is g5]ally us$ z m$ic9e = snakebite4 ,x is believ$ t by ! p[] ( mantras a snake c be prev5t$ f ent]+ or leav+ a p>ticul> area4 ,?is process is call$ 's>pa bndhane'4 ,!re are "s sorc]]s :o c draw snakes out ( _! holes by ! use ( _! mantras1 & c>ry !m away )\t t\*+ !m ) _! h&s4 #gee ,at ,adiv>e1 9 ! ,rjpur taluka1 roots ( c]ta9 h]bs are mix$ 9 wat] & appli$ to ! w\nd caus$ by ! snakebite1 & giv5 to ! suff]] to dr9k4 #gef ,at ,nr+re 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 p]sons suff]+ f snakebite are giv5 ! juice ( ,kadulimb leaves1 & are kept 9 ! temple ( ,hanumn4 ,! feet ( ! deity are wa%$ ) holy wat]1 & ! wat] is giv5 to ! victim to dr9k4 #geg ,a snake is believ$ to h a :ite jewel or mani 9 its head1 & x loses its life :5 ?is jewel is remov$4 ,?is jewel has ! p[] ( draw+ out ! poison ( snakebite4 ,:5 x is appli$ to ! w\nd1 x becomes gre51 b :5 kept 9 milk = sometime1 x loses its gre5ness & rev]ts to its usual :ite col\r4 ,x gives out to ! milk all ! poison t has be5 absorb$ f ! w\nd1 & ! milk becomes gre54 ,?is jewel c be us$ sev]al times z an absorb5t ( ! poison ( snakebite4 ,! gre5 milk mu/ be buri$ "u gr\nd1 s t x may n be us$ aga9 by any "o else4 #geh ,x is believ$ t an old snake hav+ long hair on its body has a jewel 9 its head4 ,?is jewel is comp>$ ) ! col\rs ( a ra9b[4 ,! snake c take ?is jewel f its head at night1 & se>* = food 9 its lu/re4 ,su* snakes nev] come ne> ! habitation ( human be+s1 b always reside 9 ! dep? ( ! jungle4 ,?is species ( snake is call$ ,deva ,s>pa1 i4e41 a snake belong+ to a deity4 ,x is relat$ t a snake 0 born ( a woman 9 ! ,k9k>'s h\se at ,t>dl 9 ! ,sngli ,/ate1 & ano!r "o 9 ! ,gabale's h\se at ,kolhpur4 #gei ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,totemism ,,& ,,feti%ism4 ,! wor%ip ( totems1 or ,devaks1 prevails among ,h9dus 9 ,we/]n ,india4 ,! t]m ,devak is appli$ to ! deity or deities wor%ipp$ at ! beg9n+ ( a ?read or a m>riage c]emony4 ,! c]emony is z foll[s3 ,a small quantity ( rice is put into a w9n[+ fan1 & ) x six small /icks ( ! ,umb> tree1 ea* cov]$ ) mango leaves & cotton ?read4 ,^! are wor%ipp$ z deities4 ,ne> ! w9n[+ fan is kept an e>!n or copp] vessel fill$ ) rice1 turm]ic1 r$ p[d]1 betelnuts1 sweet balls made ( :eat fl\r1 ghi & sug>2 & on ! top ( ! vessel is a small sprig ( mango & a cocoanut cov]$ ) cotton ?read4 ,?is vessel is also wor%ipp$ z a deity1 & (f]+s ( sweet eatables are made to x4 ,aft] ! wor%ip ( ?is vessel1 ! regul> c]emony ( ,punyhava*ana is p]=m$4 ,tw5ty-sev5 ,mtriks1 or village & local deities1 repres5t$ by betelnuts are consecrat$ 9 a new w9n[+ fan or a bamboo basket4 ,sev5 ,mtriks are made ( mango leaves1 six ( :i* conta9 durva grass1 & ! sev5? d>bha grass4 ,ea* ( !m is b\nd ) a raw cotton ?read sep>ately4 ,!y are wor%ipp$ along ) a ,kala%a or a copp] lota z m5tion$ above4 ,?is copp] lota is fill$ ) rice1 betelnuts1 turm]ic1 etc41 a sprig ( mango leaves is plac$ on ! lota1 & a cocoanut is put ov] x4 ,! lota is also b\nd ) a cotton ?read4 ,s&alpa/e1 rice1 fl[]s1 & durva grass are requir$ = its wor%ip4 ,an oil lamp call$ ,arati is wav$ r\nd ! devak1 ! p>5ts1 & ! boy or ! girl ^: ?read or m>riage c]emony is to be p]=m$4 ,a ,suws9i is call$ & reque/$ to wave ?is ,arati1 & ! silv] co9 :i* is put into ! ,arati by ! p>5ts is tak5 by h]4 ,! fa!r takes ! w9n[+ fan & ! "m takes ! ,kala%a1 & !y are c>ri$ f ! m&ap to ! devak consecrat$ 9 ! h\se4 ,a light$ lamp is kept cont9ually burn+ ne> ?is devak till ! completion ( ! c]emony4 ,aft] completion ( ! ?read or m>riage c]emony ! devak is aga9 wor%ipp$1 & ! c]emony comes to an end4 ,! deity 9 ! devak is reque/$ to dep>t on ! second or ! f\r? day f ! date ( its consecration4 ,no m\rn+ is obs]v$ dur+ ! p]iod ! devak rema9s in/all$ 9 ! h\se4 ,among ,m>?s & _m ( ! l[] classes 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! bran* ( a ,vad1 ,kadamba1 mango1 or an ,apta tree is wor%ipp$ z _! devak or kul4 #gfj ,"s ,m>?s h a sword or a dagg] z _! devak1 :i* is wor%ipp$ by !m be=e comm5c+ ! ritual ( ! m>riage c]emony4 #gfa ,! family kn[n z ,rne at ,nr+re 9 ! ,davagad taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 & ! families kn[n z ,gadak>i & ,jdhava at ,mlwan1 consid] ! ,vad or ,banian tree z _! devak1 & d n make use ( its leaves4 ,9 ! same mann]1 "s p consid] ! ,kadamba tree sacr$ to _! family4 #gfb ,!re are "s p among ! ,h9dus 9 ,we/]n ,india ^: surnames are d]iv$ f ! names ( animals & plants1 su* z ,boke1 ,lndage1 ,wgh1 ,dukre1 ,kwale1 ,g>ud1 ,m1 ,mhase1 ,r$e1 ,ke]1 ,popat1 ,ghode1 ,%elr1 ,gyatonde1 ,wghmre1 ,%lunke1 ,bh5de1 ,padwal1 ,wlke1 ,apte1 ,ambek>1 ,pimpalkh>e1 ,kelk> & ,klke4 ,! ,h9dus believe t a c[1 a horse1 & an elephant are sacr$ animals4 ,! c[ is treat$ ) special respect by ! ,h9dus 9 g5]al1 & ! bull by ! ,l+yats & oilm54 ,! milk1 ! ur9e1 & ! dung ( a c[ are us$ z m$ic9es1 & !y are also giv5 z (f]+s to ! god 9 sacrifices4 ,! ,%elr family consid]s ! %eep z _! devak1 & !y d n eat ! fle% ( a %eep4 ,! ,%lunke family respects ! ,%lunki or sp>r[4 ,p belong+ to ! ,m family d n eat ! fle% ( a peacock z !y consid] x to be _! devak4 #gfc ,! ,bh&ris ^: surname is ,padwal d n eat ! vegetable ( a snake-g\rd or ,padwal4 #gfd ,h9dus d n eat ! fle% ( ! animal respect$ by !m1 & ^? :o (f] any fruit to _! guru z a tok5 ( respect d n eat t fruit 9 future4 ,"s ,h9dus d n eat onions1 g>lic & ! fruit ( a palm tree4 ,! fruit ( a tree believ$ to be ! devak ( a family is n eat5 by ! memb]s ( t family4 ,! families ( ,rva & ,rne d n take _! food on ! leaf ( a ,vad or ,banian tree z !y consid] x to be _! devak4 #gfe ,!re are "s ,h9du families 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict :o believe t _! kul or totem consi/s ( ! tortoise & ! goat1 & !y d n eat ! fle% ( su* animals4 ,a c]ta9 community ( ! ,vai%yas or trad]s kn[n z ,swr believe t a jack tree or ,phanas is _! kul1 & !y d n use ! leaves ( t tree4 #gff ,x is believ$ among ! ,h9dus t ! deity ,satwi protects *ildr5 = ! fir/ ?ree mon?s f _! bir?4 ,! deity is wor%ipp$ on ! fif? day f ! bir? ( a *ild1 & if !re occurs any omission or error 9 ! wor%ip ( t deity1 ! *ild beg9s to cry1 or does n keep good heal?4 ,on su* occasions ! p>5ts ( ! *ild make c]ta9 v[s to ! deity1 & if ! *ild recov]s1 ! p>5ts g to a jungle1 & collect sev5 small /ones4 ,!y !n besme> ! /ones ) r$ lead & oil1 & wor%ip !m along ) a %e-goat 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! v[ 0 promis$ to be fulfill$4 #gfg ,! horse is connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( ! god ,kh&oba because ?is animal is sacr$ to t deity1 be+ 8 fav\rite vehicle4 ,= ?is reason all ! devotees or ,bhaktas ( ,kh&oba take c>e to wor%ip ! horse 9 ord] t its ma/]1 ! god ,kh&oba1 may be pleas$ ) !m4 ,x is well kn[n t ! c[ is consid]$ z mo/ sacr$ ( all ! animals by ! ,h9dus1 & ! reason assign$ = ?is special v5]ation is t all ! deities dwell 9 ! c[4 ,! ,n&i1 or a bullock made ( /one1 consecrat$ 9 front ( ! temple ( ,%iva1 ! ,vgh or a tig] at ! temple ( a goddess & c[s & dogs 9 ! temple ( ,datttraya are wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus4 ,! m\se1 be+ ! vehicle ( ,ganpati ! god ( wisdom1 is wor%ipp$ by ! p along ) t god4 ,9 ! ,konkan cattle are wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus on ! fir/ day ( ,krtika1 & !y are made to pass ov] fire4 ,! m\nta9s hav+ caves & temples ( deities are g5]ally wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus4 ,! ,abu*a ,pahd1 ! ,girnr1 ! ,pan*madhi1 ! ,brahmagiri1 ! ,sahydri1 ! ,tungr1 ! ,jivadan*a dong>1 ! ,munja dong> at ,junn>1 ! ,tugbi*a dong>1 ! ,gane% ,l5e1 & ! ,%ivabai are ! pr9cipal holy m\nta9s 9 ! ,bombay ,presid5cy4 ,m\nt ,abu1 kn[n z ! ,abu*a ,pahd1 is believ$ to be v sacr$1 & _m ,h9dus g on a pilgrimage to t m\nta94 ,hills are wor%ipp$ at ,ganpati ,pule & ,*aul4 ,at ,pule !re is a temple ( ! god ,ganpati1 ! son ( ,%iva1 & at ,*aul 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict !re is a temple ( ! god ,datttraya4 ,! place :i* produces s\nd :5 wat] is p\r$ ov] x is consid]$ to be holy1 & is wor%ipp$ by ! p4 ,9 ! ,deccan1 hills are wor%ipp$ by ! p on ! ,n>ak *aturda%i day 9 ,dipawli1 #ad? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%v9 7,octob]74 ,! leg5d ( ?is wor%ip is t ! god ,%ri ,kri%na lift$ ! ,gov>dhan m\nta9 on ?is day1 & protect$ ! p ( ?is _w4 ,a hill made ( c[dung is wor%ipp$ at e h\se on ! ,n>ak *aturda%i day4 #gfh ,/ones ( c]ta9 k9ds are fir/ consid]$ z "o ( ! deities1 or z "o ( ! *ief h]oes 9 ! family1 & !n wor%ipp$ by ! p4 ,_m su* /ones are f\nd wor%ipp$ 9 ! vic9ity ( any temple4 ,a /one com+ out ( ! e>? ) a phallus or l+am ( ,%iva is wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus4 ,if su* a l+am lies 9 a deep jungle1 x is wor%ipp$ by !m at lea/ once a ye>1 & daily1 if practicable1 9 ! mon? ( ,adhikams1 an int]cal>y mon? :i* comes e ?ird ye>4 #gfi ,! r$ /ones f\nd 9 ! ,n>mada riv] repres5t ! god ,ganpati1 & are wor%ipp$ by ! p4 ,a big /one at ,phutaka ,tembha ne> ,murud 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict is wor%ipp$ by ! p1 :o believe x to be ! monkey god ,hanumn or ,mruti4 ,all ! /one images ( gods t are call$ ,swayambhu or self-exi/5t are no?+ b r\gh /ones ( peculi> %apes4 ,!re are su* swayambhu--natural-images--at ,kel%i & ,kol?>e 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict4 #ggj ,!re is a big /one at ,pal%et 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict :i* is wor%ipp$ z ,klikdevi4 #gga ,/ones are sometimes wor%ipp$ by ! p 9 ! belief t !y are haunt$ by evil spirits4 ,we h = example a /one call$ ,mora ,dhonda ly+ by ! sea%ore at ,mlwan 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict4 ,x is suppos$ to be haunt$ by ,deva*r4 #ggb ,! /ones :i* are once consecrat$ & wor%ipp$ z deities h to be cont9ually wor%ipp$1 ev5 :5 p]=at$4 ,! small1 r\nd1 :ite /one slab kn[n z ,vi%nu pada1 :i* is naturally p]=at$1 is consid]$ to be holy1 & is wor%ipp$ daily by ! ,h9dus along ) ! o!r images ( gods4 ,! holes 9 ?is slab d n ext5d "r ?r\gh4 #ggc ,x is consid]$ inauspici\s to wor%ip ! fractur$ images ( gods1 b ! p]=at$ black /one call$ ,%ligrm1 tak5 f ! ,g&aki riv]1 is consid]$ v holy1 & wor%ipp$ by ! p4 ,= x is believ$ to be p]=at$ f its v beg9n+4 ,e ,%ligrm has a hole 9 x1 ev5 :5 x is 9 ! riv]4 #ggd ,brok5 /ones are n wor%ipp$ by ! p4 ,b ! h\sehold gods ( ! ,brhmans & o!r high] classes :i* are call$ ! ,pan*yatan--a collection ( five gods--g5]ally consi/ ( five /ones ) holes 9 !m4 #gge ,no in/ances ( human sacrifices occur 9 ,india 9 ^! days1 b !re are _m practices & cu/oms :i* appe> to be ! survivals ( human sacrifices4 ,^! survivals are visible 9 ! (f]+s ( f[ls1 goats1 buffaloes1 & fruits l cocoanuts1 br9jals1 ! ,kohle or pumpk9 g\rd & o!rs4 ,human sacrifices are n practis$ 9 ^! days1 b among ! ,k>hda ,brhmans !re is a practice ( giv+ poison to animals 9 ord] to satisfy _! family deity4 ,x is said t !y us$ to kill a ,brhman by giv+ him poison$ food4 ,x is believ$ t ! p belong+ to ! ca/e ( ,k>hda ,brhmans us$ to (f] human sacrifices to _! deity1 & !re=e nobody relies on a ,k>hda ,brhman 9 ^! days4 ,!re is a prov]b 9 ,m>?i :i* means t a man c tru/ ev5 a ,kasi or a but*] b n a ,k>hda4 ,z !y _c (f] human sacrifices 9 ^! days1 x is said t dur+ ! ,nav>tra holidays1 i4e41 ! fir/ n9e days ( ! bright half ( ,a%v9 7,octob]71 !y (f] poison$ food to cr[s1 dogs & o!r animals4 #ggf ,at ,kl%e 9 ! ,mlwan taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! s]vants ( gods1 i4e41 ! m9i/rants or ! ,bhopis ( ! temple prick _! brea/ ) a knife on ! ,das>a day1 & cry out l\dly ! words ',koya' ',koya'4 ,no blood comes f ! brea/ z ! w\nd is slight4 ,?is appe>s to be a survival ( human sacrifice4 #ggg ,9 ! ,bombay ,presid5cy1 & m especially 9 ! ,konkan di/ricts1 feti% /ones are g5]ally wor%ipp$ = ! purpose ( av]t+ evil & cur+ diseases4 ,9 e village /ones are f\nd sacr$ to _s deities l ,bahiroba1 ,*$oba1 ,kh&oba1 ,mhasoba1 ,zot+1 ,vetl1 ,jakhi1 ,koki1 ,kalki & o!rs4 ,! l[ class p su* z ,mahrs1 ,mngs1 etc41 apply r$ lead & oil to /ones1 & call !m by "o ( ! above names1 & ignorant p are v mu* afraid ( su* deities4 ,!y believe t su* deities h control ov] all ! evil spirits or gho/s4 ,x is said t ! _s ,vetl />ts to take a r\nd 9 a village on ! night ( ! no-moon day ( e mon?1 accompani$ by all ! gho/s4 ,:5 any epidemic prevails 9 a village1 p (f] to ^! feti% /ones (f]+s ( eatables1 cocoanuts1 f[ls & goats4 ,!re is a /one deity nam$ ,bhvai at ,kokis>e 9 ! ,bvada ,/ate1 to :om v[s are made by ! p to cure diseases4 ,z ! deity is 9 ! burn+ gr\nd1 x is naturally believ$ t ?is is ! abode ( spirits4 #ggh ,at ,a*>e1 9 ! ,mlwan taluka ( ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 ! r\nd /ones kn[n z ,k%etrapl are suppos$ to possess ! p[] ( cur+ diseases1 & are also believ$ to be ! abode ( spirits4 #ggi ,at ,adiv>e1 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 !re is a /one nam$ ,mahr ,purukha :i* is wor%ipp$ by ! p :5 cattle disease prevails1 especially ! disease ( a l>ge tick or ! cattle or dog l\se4 #ghj ,at ,ubhdnda1 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 !re are "s /ones :i* are believ$ to be haunt$ by ,vetl1 ,bhutn?1 ,rawaln? & su* o!r s]vants ( ! god ,%iva1 & x is suppos$ t !y h ! p[] ( cur+ epidemic diseases4 ,p make v[s to ^! /ones :5 any disease prevails 9 ! locality4 #gha ,! ,h9dus g5]ally consid] z sacr$ all objects t are ! means ( _! livelihood1 &1 = ?is reason1 ! oilm5 wor%ip _! oil-mill1 ! ,brhmans hold 9 v5]ation ! sacr$ ?read--,yadnopavit1--& religi\s books1 ! goldsmi?s consid] _! firepots z sacr$1 & d n t\* !m ) _! feet4 ,9 case any "o accid5tly happ5s to t\* !m ) 8 foot1 he apologises & b[s to !m4 ,x is believ$ by ! ,h9dus t ! broom1 ! w9n[+ fan1 ! pyali--a measure ( f\r %]s--! ,samai or sweet-oil lamp1 a metal vessel1 fire & ,sahn or ! levigat+ slab %\ld n be t\*$ ) foot4 ,! metals gold1 silv]1 & copp]1 ! ,k+'s co9s1 jewels & pe>ls1 corns1 ! ,%ligrm /one1 ! ,ganpati /one f ! ,n>mada riv]1 con*-%ell1 sacr$ a%es1 elephant tusks1 ! horns ( a wild ox 7,gava71 tig] sk91 de] sk91 milk1 curds1 ghi1 c['s ur9e1 ,bel1 basil leaves or ,tulsi1 cocoanuts1 betelnuts1 & fl[]s are consid]$ z sacr$ by ! ,h9dus1 & no "o w d>e to t\* !m ) 8 foot4 ,h9dus wor%ip annually on ! ,das>a day ! arms & all ! in/rum5ts or implem5ts by :i* !y e>n _! livelihood4 ,! corn sieve1 ! w9n[+ basket1 ! broom1 ! rice-p\nd]1 ! pl\gh1 ! ,awuta or wood bill1 & o!r su* implem5ts are wor%ipp$ on ?is day4 ,! agriculturi/s respect _! w9n[+ fans & corn sieves1 & d n t\* !m ) _! feet4 ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict all ! in/rum5ts & implem5ts are wor%ipp$ by ! p "o day previ\s to ! ,das>a holiday4 ,?is wor%ip is call$ ,khndepujan4 ,!y also wor%ip all agricultural in/rum5ts1 & tie to !m leaves ( ,pipal & mango trees4 #ghb ,a new w9n[+ fan is consid]$ to be holy by ! ,h9dus4 ,x is fill$ ) rice1 fruits1 cocoanuts & betelnuts1 & a ,khana--a piece ( bodiceclo?--is spread ov] x4 ,x is !n wor%ipp$ & giv5 to a ,brhman lady 9 fulfilm5t ( c]ta9 v[s1 or on ! occasion ( ! wor%ip ( a ,brhman ,dampatya or m>ri$ pair4 ,! broom is consid]$ to be holy by ! ,h9dus4 ,r$ p[d]--,kunku--is appli$ to a new broom be=e x is tak5 into use4 ,x %\ld n be t\*$ ) ! feet4 ,at ,rewad&a1 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 "s p wor%ip a wood-bill or ,koyata on ! #f? day f ! bir? ( a *ild4 ,! rice-p\nd]1 or ,musal1 is wor%ipp$ by !m z a devak at ! "t ( ?read & m>riage c]emonies4 #ghc ,fire is consid]$ to be holy among ! high class ,h9dus4 ,x is consid]$ z an angel t conveys ! sacrificial (f]+s f ?is e>? to ! gods 9 heav54 ,x is consid]$ z "o ( ! ,h9du deities1 & wor%ipp$ daily by high class ,h9dus4 ,a ,brhman has to wor%ip ! fire e day 9 connection ) ! c]emony ,vai%wadeva--oblations ( boil$ rice & ghi giv5 to ! fire4 ,x is also wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus on special religi\s occasions4 ,fire is wor%ipp$ at ! "t ( ,yadnas or ,sacrifices4 ,sacrifices are ( five k9ds4 ,!y are3-- ,devayadna1 ,bhutayadna or ,brahmayadna1 ,ri%iyadna or ,ati?iyadna1 ,pitruyadna & ,manu%yayadna4 ,! (f]+s ( rice1 ghi1 firewood1 ,til or sesamum1 ,java or b>ley1 etc4 are made 9 ^! yadnas4 ,x is also wor%ipp$ at ! "t ( ,%rvani or ,upk>ma--! c]emony ( r5ew+ ! sacr$ ?read annually 9 ! mon? ( ,%rvan4 #ghd ,among ! l[] classes fire is wor%ipp$ on ! ,mahlaya or ,%rddha day4 ,!y ?r[ oblations ( food into ! fire on t day4 ,! fire produc$ by rubb+ /icks ( ! ,pipal or ,%ev>i tree is consid]$ sacr$1 & x is ess5tially necess>y t ! sacr$ fire requir$ = ! ,agnihotra rites %\ld be produc$ 9 ! mann] describ$ above4 ,agnihotra is a p]petual sacr$ fire pres]v$ 9 ,agnikunda1--a hole 9 ! gr\nd = receiv+ & pres]v+ consecrat$ fire4 ,a ,brhman1 :o has to accept ! ,agnihotra1 has to pres]ve 9 8 h\se ! sacr$ fire day & night aft] 8 ?read c]emony1 & to wor%ip x ?ree times a day aft] tak+ 8 ba?4 ,:5 an ,agnihotri dies1 8 body is burnt by ! p :o prep>e fire by rubb+ /icks ( ,pipal wood toge!r4 #ghe ,!re are "s ,brhmans :o keep ! fire cont9u\sly burn+ 9 _! h\ses only = ,*turms or f\r mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,! fire :i* is pres]v$ & wor%ipp$ = f\r mon?s is call$ ,smrta ,agni4 #ghf ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,animal ,,wor%ip4 ,! foll[+ animals1 birds & insects are respect$ by ! ,h9dus3--,! c[1 bullock1 %e-buffalo1 horse1 elephant1 tig]1 de]1 m\se1 goat1 ants & alligators2 & among ! birds ! foll[+ are held sacr$3--,peacock1 swan1 eagle & kokil or cuckoo4 ,( all ! animals ! c[ is consid]$ to be ! mo/ sacr$ by ,h9dus4 ,x is g5]ally wor%ipp$ daily 9 ! morn+ = ! :ole ye>1 or at lea/ = ! ,*turms or f\r mon?s beg9n+ f ! #aa? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%dha to ! #aa? day ( ! bright half ( ! mon? ( ,krtika2 & a special wor%ip is (f]$ to x 9 ! ev5+ on ! #ab? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%v9 7,octob]74 ,! c[ is believ$ to be ! abode ( all ! deities & ri%is4 ,x is comp>$ ) ! e>? 9 its sacr$ness1 & x is consid]$ t :5 x is pleas$ x is capable ( giv+ ev]y?+ requir$ = ! ma9t5ance ( mank9d1 & = ?is reason x is /yl$ ! ,kma ,dh5u or ! giv] ( desir$ objects4 ,x is said t a p]son :o walks r\nd ! c[ at ! "t ( its deliv]y obta9s ! punya or m]it ( go+ r\nd ! :ole e>?4 ,! c[ is ev5 wor%ipp$ by ! god ,vi%nu4 ,! c[ is consid]$ next to a "m1 z little *ildr5 & ! p 9 g5]al are f$ by ! milk ( a c[4 ,"s wom5 among high class ,h9dus take a v[ n to take _! meals be=e wor%ipp+ ! c[1 & :5 ! c[ is n available = wor%ip1 !y draw 9 turm]ic1 :ite or r$ p[d] ! c['s foot-pr9ts & wor%ip ! same4 ,at ! completion ( ! v[ x is wor%ipp$1 & !n giv5 z a gift to a ,brhman4 ,x is consid]$ v m]itori\s to give a ,gopradn--a gift ( a c[ along ) its calf--to a ,brhman4 ,! sight ( a c[ 9 ! morn+ is believ$ by all ,h9dus to be auspici\s4 ,! bullock is respect$ by ! p z x is ! fav\rite vehicle ( ! god ,%iva1 & is v useful = agricultural purposes4 ,! ,n&i or bull is wor%ipp$ by ,h9dus4 ,! bullock is specially wor%ipp$ on ! #ab? day ( ! bright half ( ,krtika4 ,:5 p]=m+ ! fun]al rites ( ! dead1 a bull is wor%ipp$ & set free4 ,! bull ?us set free is consid]$ sacr$ by ! p1 & is nev] us$ aga9 = agricultural or any o!r dome/ic purposes4 ,9 ord] to avoid calamities aris+ f ! influ5ce ( inauspici\s planets1 ,h9dus wor%ip ! %e-buffalo1 & (f] x z a gift to a ,brhman4 ,! %e-buffalo is comp>$ ) ! ,kl ,puru%a or ! god ( ,dea?1 ! reason be+ t ,yama is believ$ to ride a buffalo4 ,! ,brhman :o accepts ?is gift has to %ave 8 m\/a*es & to und]go a c]ta9 p5ance4 ,! c[h]ds sometimes wor%ip ! %e-buffalo4 ,z x is ! vehicle ( ,yama1 ! buffalo is specially wor%ipp$ by p :5 an epidemic occurs 9 a village4 ,9 c]ta9 villages 9 ! ,konkan di/ricts ! buffalo is wor%ipp$ & sacrific$ on ! same day4 ,! horse is ! vehicle ( ! deity ,kh&oba ( ,jejuri4 ,x is wor%ipp$ on ! ,vijaya ,da%ami or ! ,das>a holiday z 9 =m] days1 on ! occasion ( ! horse sacrifice or ,a%wam$ha4 ,! elephant is ! vehicle ( ! god ,indra & is specially wor%ipp$ on ! ,das>a day4 ,x is also believ$ t !re are eight sacr$ elephants po/$ at ! eight directions4 ,^! are call$ ,a%tadik-,plas1 i4e41 ! protectors ( ! eight diff]5t directions1 & !y are wor%ipp$ along ) o!r deities on auspici\s c]emonial occasions1 l w$d+s1 ?read-gird+1 etc4 ,! de] & ! tig] are consid]$ to be holy by ,h9dus1 & _! sk9s are us$ by ,brhmans & ascetics :ile p]=m+ _! au/]ities4 ,! de] sk9 is us$ on ! occasion ( ?read gird+4 ,a small piece ( ! de] sk9 is ti$ to ! neck ( ! boy along ) ! new sacr$ ?read4 ,! m\se1 be+ ! vehicle ( ! god ,ganpati1 is wor%ipp$ along ) t deity on ! ,gane% ,*atur?i day1 ! f\r? day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapada4 ,! goat is believ$ to be holy = sacrificial purposes4 ,x is wor%ipp$ at ! "t ( its sacrifice1 :i* is p]=m$ to ga9 ! fav\r ( c]ta9 deities4 ,! ass is g5]ally consid]$ z unholy by ! ,h9dus1 & its m]e t\* is held to cause pollution4 ,b c]ta9 l[] class ,h9dus l ! ,lonris consid] x sacr$1 & wor%ip x on ! ,gokul ,a%tami day 7#h? day ( ! d>k half ( ,%rwan74 ,! dog is believ$ to be an inc>nation ( ! deity ,kh&oba1 & x is respect$ z ! fav\rite animal ( ! god ,datttraya4 ,b x is n t\*$ by high class ,h9dus4 ,x is consid]$ a great s9 to kill a cat4 ,all dome/ic animals are wor%ipp$ by ! ,h9dus on ! morn+ ( ! fir/ day ( ,mrga%ir%a 7,decemb]74 ,on ?is day ! horns ( ^! animals are wa%$ ) w>m wat]1 pa9t$ ) r$ col\rs1 & a light$ lamp is pass$ r\nd _! faces4 ,!y are fea/$ on ?is day z x is consid]$ to be ! gala day 7,divli holiday7 ( ! animals4 ,h9dus consid] x m]itori\s to fe$ ants & fi%1 & to ?r[ gra9 to ! birds4 ,ants are f$ by ! p scatt]+ sug> & fl\r on ! ant-hills4 ,x is believ$ t1 by fe$+ ! ants ) sug> or fl\r1 a p]son obta9s ! ,punya or m]it ( sahasrabhojan1 i4e41 ( giv+ a fea/ to a ?\s& ,brhmans4 ,alligators are wor%ipp$ z wat] deities by ! ,h9dus4 ,! peacock is ! fav\rite vehicle ( ,s>aswati1 ! ,goddess ( ,le>n+1 & x is !re=e respect$ by ! p4 ,! swan is ! vehicle ( ,brahma1 ! god ( creation4 ,! eagle is ! vehicle ( ! god ,vi%nu1 & is a fav\rite devotee ( t deity4 ,x is !re=e held sacr$ by ,h9dus4 ,! cuckoo or ,kokil is believ$ to be an inc>nation ( ! goddess ,prwati4 ,?is bird is specially wor%ipp$ by high ca/e ,h9du wom5 = ! p]iod ( "o mon? on ! occasion ( a special fe/ival call$ ! fe/ival ( ! cuckoos1 or ,kokila vrata1 :i* is held 9 ! mon? ( ,a%dha at int]vals ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,! cr[ is g5]ally held inauspici\s by ,h9dus1 b z ! manes or pitras are said to assume ! =m ( cr[s1 ^! birds are respect$ 9 ord] t !y may be able to p>take ( ! food (f]$ to ! dead ance/ors 9 ! d>k half ( ,bhdrapada call$ ,pitrupak%a4 ,x is necess>y t ! oblations giv5 9 p]=mance ( ! fun]al rites on ! t5? day aft] ! dea? ( a p]son %\ld be eat5 by ! cr[4 ,b if ! cr[ refuses to t\* ^! oblations1 x is believ$ t ! s\l ( ! dead has n obta9$ salvation2 & h5ce x is conjectur$ t c]ta9 wi%es ( ! dead h rema9$ unfulfill$4 ,! son or ! relatives ( ! dead !n take wat] 9 ! cavity ( _! "r h&1 & solemnly promise to fulfil ! wi%es ( ! dead4 ,:5 ?is is done1 ! cr[ beg9s to eat ! food4 ,! h>% s\nd ( a cr[ is tak5 z a sure sign ( an imp5d+ mi%ap4 ,! dog1 cat1 pig1 ass1 buffalo1 rat1 bhlu1 an old female jackal1 liz>d1 & ! birds cock1 cr[1 kite1 vulture1 owl1 bat1 & p+la are consid]$ z unholy & inauspici\s by ,h9dus4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,wit*craft4 ,*etak is an art secretly le>nt by wom54 ,x is a =m ( ! black art4 ,a woman well v]s$ 9 ! mantras ( *etak c d any mis*ief %e *ooses4 ,%e c kill a *ild or turn any p]son into a dog or o!r animal by ! p[] ( h] incantations4 ,! ,*etak9 c remove all ! hair f ! head ( a woman1 or scatt] fil?1 etc4 9 a p]son's h\se1 make m>ks ( crosses ) m>k+ nuts on all ! clo!s1 or play _m o!r su* tricks )\t betray+ a trace ( ! au?or ( ! mis*ief4 ,! *etak9s are able to mesm]ize a man & ord] him to d any?+ !y want4 ,a ,*etak9 or wit* _c h]self appe> 9 ! =m ( an animal4 ,!y foll[ revolt+ =ms ( c]emonies4 ,all wit*es :o h le>nt ! black art meet at night once a mon? on ! ,amvsya day or no moon day ( e mon?1 at a burn+ gr\nd outside ! village4 ,on su* occasions !y g q nak$1 & apply turm]ic & r$ p[d]s to ! body & =ehead4 ,:ile com+ to ! cremation gr\nd !y br+ on _! heads burn+ coals 9 an e>!n pot call$ ,kondi4 ,at ?is meet+ !y repeat _! mantras1 & take c>e t none are =gott54 ,aft] complet+ ! repetition ( ! mantras1 !y g r\nd ! village & return to _! respective h\ses4 ,!y h no special haunts or seasons4 ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict ! woman :o is 9 possession ( a *etak is call$ *etak94 ,! *etak is said to abide by h] ord]s4 ,x is believ$ to br+ corn & o!r ?+s f h\ses or h>ve/+ gr\nds4 ,x is se5 only by its mi/ress ! *etak94 ,! belief t ! *etak9s c turn a p]son into ! =m ( an animal does n prevail 9 ?is di/rict4 ,!y d n w&] f "o place to ano!r4 ,! *etak9 has to g once a ye> to ! temple ( ! deity f :om ! *etak has be5 br\ght1 & to pay ! annual tribute = ! use ( t *etak or s]vant _s4 #ghg ,!re are no wit*es 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict4 ,x is said t !re are "s at ,kolwan 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict4 ,!y are g5]ally f\nd among ,?k>s4 ,"s ( !m come to ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 b ?\gh no "o c tell any?+ ab\t _! p[]s1 ignorant p are v mu* afraid ( !m4 #ghh ,x is believ$ t !y c turn p]sons into animals by means ( _! incantations4 ,! p]son once *>m$ by _! mantras is said to bl9dly abide by _! ord]s4 ,x is also believ$ t !y c ru9 anybody by _! magic4 ,!re are no wit*es at ,ri 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict4 ,! woman :o c influ5ce evil spirits to d h>m to o!rs is call$ a ,bhutli4 ,x is said t ! ,bhutlis assemble at ! fun]al gr\nd 9 a nak$ /ate on ! full-moon day & on ! ,amvsya1 or ! la/ day ( e mon?1 to refre% _! k ( ! black art4 #ghi ,a wit* has dirty habits & obs]vances4 ,! *ief sign = detect+ a wit* or *etak9 is a foam or fro? t appe>s on ! lips ( h] m\? :5 %e is asleep4 ,! only means to gu>d aga9/ h] wit*craft is to rema9 on fri5dly t]ms ) h]1 & n to hurt h] feel+s on any occasion4 ,p g5]ally keep a wat* ov] ! actions ( a woman :o is suspect$ to be a wit*1 & if %e is f\nd practis+ h] black art1 & is caught r$-h&$1 p !n p\r into h] m\? wat] br\ght f ! %oe-mak]'s e>!n pot or kundi4 ,x is believ$ t1 :5 %e is compell$ to dr9k su* wat]1 h] black art becomes ineffective4 #gij ,9 ! ,?na ,di/rict x is believ$ t ! sk9 r\nd ! eyes ( a wit* is always black1 h] eyes h an intoxicat$ appe>ance1 h] nails are g5]ally p>*$ & h a d>ki% col\r1 & ! l[] portions ( h] feet seem to be scrap$4 ,:5 any sorc]] gives out ! "n ( su* a ,bhutli1 %e is ?reat5$ by ! p t1 %\ld %e cont9ue to give tr\ble 9 ! village1 h] own black art or ano!r _s w\ld be set aga9/ h]2 & %e !n ceases to give tr\ble4 #gia ,!re are "s sorc]]s 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict :o c move a small brass cup or vti by ! p[] ( _! magic4 ,!y c detect a wit* by ! movem5t ( ?is vessel4 ,:5 ! brass vessel or vti rea*es ! h\se ( a wit*1 x at once settles ^u ! wit*'s head4 ,%e is !n ?reat5$ by ! p t %e w be driv5 out ( ! village if f\nd practis+ h] black art4 #gib ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict1 :5 ! p come to "k ( ! exi/5ce ( a wit* 9 _! village1 !y take special precautions at ! "t ( h>ve/4 ,!y arrange to h>ve/ a diff]5t k9d ( gra9 to ! "o select$ = h>ve/+ by ! wit*4 ,aft] "s "t !y g to ! field ( ! wit*1 & discov] :e!r !re is a mixture ( gra9 9 h] field4 ,if !y are conv9c$ ( ! fact1 !y take fur!r precautions4 ,9 ord] to avoid be+ tr\bl$ by ! *etak1 !y keep an old1 worn out %oe or s&al & a *>m$ copp] amulet "u ! eaves at ! ma9 door ( _! h\ses1 or make crosses ) m>k+ nut on bo? sides ( a door4 ,at "s places *unam spots or circles are m>k$ on ! front ( a h\se1 ! object be+ to gu>d aga9/ ! evil effects ( ! *etak's tricks4 #gic ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,g5]al4 ,(f]+s ( cocoanuts1 f[ls or goats are annually made to ! spirits t gu>d ! fields4 ,!y are g5]ally made at ! "t ( beg9n+ a plantation or ! h>ve/+ ( a crop4 ,:5 mak+ ^! (f]+s1 ! f>m]s pray to ! god to give prosp]\s crops e ye>4 ,!y prep>e _! cook$ food 9 ! field on ! fir/ h>ve/+ day & (f] x z naiv$ya 7god's meal7 along ) ! above m5tion$ (f]+s4 #gid ,at ,bndivade 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict1 :ile comm5c+ ! s[+ ( crops ! f>m]s wor%ip a c]ta9 numb] ( bullocks made ( rice fl\r & !n ?r[ !m into ! pond or riv] adjo9+ ! fields4 ,on o!r occasions1 (f]+s ( cocoanuts & f[ls are sacrific$ to ! deities t protect ! fields4 ,"s p give a fea/ to ! ,brhmans at ! end ( ! h>ve/+ season4 #gie ,c]emonies 9 connection ) pl\gh+1 etc41 are n obs]v$ = all ! l&s4 ,b fields :i* are suppos$ to be haunt$ by evil spirits are wor%ipp$ at ! "t ( pl\gh+1 & ! evil spirits are propitiat$1 cocoanuts1 sug>1 f[ls or goats are (f]$ to ! local deities or deva*rs4 ,!re is a cu/om ( wor%ipp+ 9 ! fields ! heaps ( new corn at ! "t ( h>ve/1 & ?is cu/om g5]ally prevails 9 almo/ all ! ,konkan di/ricts4 #gif ,at ,fonda 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! ,%iw> g5]ally compos$ ( boil$ rice mix$ ) curds is kept at ! corn] ( a field at ! "t ( reap+ ! crops4 ,! ,%iw> is sometimes compos$ ( ! (f]+s ( f[ls & goats4 #gig ,?is ritual is also kn[n by ! "n ,*orawa4 #gih ,at ,dsgv 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 !re is a cu/om ( c>ry+ "o onion 9 ! corn tak5 to ! fields = s[+ & plac+ five h&fuls ( corn on a piece ( clo? be=e beg9n+ to s[ ! corn4 ,at ! "t ( ,lwani or plantation ( crops a fair call$ ,palejatra is held by ! p1 & e f>m] breaks a cocoanut 9 ! field at ! "t ( plantation or lvani ( crops4 ,at ! "t ( h>ve/+ x is cu/om>y ) _m ( ! cultivators 9 ! ,konkan to place a cocoanut 9 ! field & to ?ra% x by ! fir/ bundle ( crop sev]al times be=e ! regul> op]ation ( ?ra%+ is begun4 ,at ! close ( ! h>ve/ ! peasants (f] cocoanuts1 f[ls or a goat to ! gu>dian deity ( ! field4 #gii ,at ,vda 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict ! pl\ghs are wor%ipp$ by ! f>m]s on ,saturday & !n c>ri$ to ! fields = pl\gh+4 ,at ! "t ( h>ve/+1 ! wood5 po/ to :i* ! bullocks are ti$ is wor%ipp$ by !m & at ! close ( ! h>ve/ ! heap ( new corn is wor%ipp$ & cocoanuts are brok5 ov] x4 #hjj ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict ! f>m]s wor%ip ! pl\gh be=e beg9n+ to pl\gh ! l&4 ,at ! "t ( s[+ ! corn !y wor%ip ! ,kuri an implem5t = s[+ corn4 ,at ! "t ( ,ropani or transplant+ ! crops !y split a cocoanut1 & wor%ip ! /one consecrat$ by ! side ( ! field aft] besme>+ x ) r$ p[d]s1 & make a v[ ( sacrific+ a goat = ! prosp]ity ( _! crops4 ,at ! "t ( h>ve/+ !y also wor%ip ! heap ( new corn & aft] giv+ to ! deity (f]+s ( cocoanuts1 f[ls or goats !y c>ry ! corn to _! h\ses4 #hja ,9 ! ,konkan di/ricts ! village deity is invok$ to protect ! cattle4 ,p (f] f[ls & cocoanuts 9 ! annual fair ( a village deity1 & reque/ h] to protect _! cattle & crops4 ,!y h to (f] a goat or buffalo to ! deity e ?ird ye>1 & to hold annual fairs 9 h] hon\r4 ,! procession ( bali is "o ( ! measures adopt$ = av]t+ cattle diseases4 #hjb ,:5 !re 0 sc>city ( ra9 ! ,h9dus =m]ly invok$ ,indra1 ! god ( ra91 by means ( ,yadnyas or sacrifices1 b su* sacrifices are n[ r>ely p]=m$ z !y are v co/ly4 ,! g5]al me?od ( ensur+ ra9fall 9 ^! days is to dr[n ! ,l+am ( ! god ,%iva 9 wat] & to (f] pray]s to t deity4 #hjc ,! foll[+ rural rites are int5d$ to ensure sun%9e & to *eck excessive ra94 ,a man born 9 ! mon? ( ,flgun 7,m>*7 is reque/$ to collect ra9 wat] 9 ! leaf ( ! ,alu plant1 & ! leaf is !n ti$ to a /ick & kept on ! ro( ( a h\se4 ,burn+ coals are also ?r[n into ra9wat] aft] pass+ !m betwe5 ! legs ( a p]son born 9 ! mon? ( ,flgun4 #hjd ,9 ord] to protect ! crops f wild pig ! p ( ,umb]gon 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict po/ 9 _! fields twigs ( ,ayan tree on ! ,gane% ,*atur?i 7f\r? day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapada or ,septemb]7 day e ye>4 #hje ,9 ! ,kolhpur ,di/rict ! deities ,tamji1 ,tungi1 & ,wghi are invok$ by ! villag]s = ! protection ( cattle4 ,:5 ! cattle disease has disappe>$ ! p (f] cocoanuts & o!r (f]+s to ^! deities4 ,! pott]s & ! ,*udbude ,jo%is obs]ve ! foll[+ c]emony = caus+ ra9fall4 ,a l+am or phallus ( ,%iva made ( mud is consecrat$ on a wood5 bo>d or pt1 & a nak$ boy is ask$ to hold x ov] 8 head4 ,! boy c>ries x f h\se to h\se & ! inmates ( ! h\ses p\r wat] ov] ! phallus4 ,! ,brhmans & ! high class ,h9dus p\r wat] on ! l+am at ! temple ( ! god ,%iva cont9u\sly = sev]al days4 ,?is is call$ ,rudrbhi%eka4 ,x is a religi\s rite 9 :i* elev5 ,brhmans are seat$ 9 a temple to repeat ! pray]s ( ! god ,%iva4 ,9 ord] to sc>e noxi\s animals or insects f ! fields1 ! own]s ( ! fields ?r[ *>m$ rice r\nd ! b\nd>ies ( _! fields4 ,! figure ( a tig] made ( dry leaves ( sug>cane is po/$ at a conspicu\s place 9 ! fields = protect+ ! crops ( sug>cane4 #hjf ,great secrecy is requir$ to be obs]v$ on ! occasion ( ! special puja ( ,%iva :i* is p]=m$ on ! fir/ day ( ! bright half ( ! mon? ( ,bhdrapada 7,septemb]74 ,?is rite is call$ ,maunya vrata or sil5t wor%ip1 & %\ld be p]=m$ only by ! male memb]s ( ! family4 ,on ?is day all ! memb]s ( ! family h to rema9 sil5t :ile tak+ _! meals4 ,wom5 d n speak :ile cook+1 z ! food :i* is to be (f]$ to ! god mu/ be cook$ 9 sil5ce4 #hjg ,newly m>ri$ girls h to p]=m ! wor%ip ( ,mangala ,gauri successively = ! fir/ five ye>s on e ,tuesday 9 ! mon? ( ,%rwan 7,augu/71 & x is enjo9$ t !y %\ld n speak :ile tak+ _! meals on t day4 ,"s p d n speak :ile tak+ _! meals on e ,monday ( ,%rwan1 & o!rs make a v[ ( obs]v+ sil5ce & secrecy at _! meals e day4 ,all ,brhmans h to rema9 sil5t :5 go+ to ! closet & mak+ wat]4 #hjh ,c]ta9 p]sons obs]ve sil5ce at _! meals dur+ ! p]iod ( f\r mon?s 7,*turms7 comm5c+ f ! #aa? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%dha 7,july7 to ! #aa? day ( ! bright half ( ,krtik 7,novemb]74 ,c]ta9 classes ( ,h9dus obs]ve ! p5ance ( secrecy 9 ! additional mon? t occurs at ! lapse ( e ?ird ye>4 #hji ,sil5ce is ess5tial at ! "t ( p]=m+ c]ta9 au/]ities su* z ,s&hya1 wor%ipp+ ! gods1 & ! repetition ( ! ,brahma ,gyatri mantra & o!r su* mantras4 ,secrecy is specially obs]v$ :5 a disciple is initiat$ by 8 ,guru or spiritual guide ) ! sacr$ mantras or incantations4 #haj ,secrecy & sil5ce are ess5tial :5 le>n+ ! mantras on snakebite1 on evil eye & ! evil _s ( ,vetl4 ,all foll[]s ( ! ,%kta sect mu/ wor%ip ! goddess 7,durga7 v secretly4 ,sil5ce is also obs]v$ by p 9 welcom+ to _! homes & wor%ipp+ ! goddess ,prvati or ,gauri 9 ! bright half ( ,bhdrapada e ye>4 #haa ,at ,vde 9 ! ,?na ,di/rict1 "o day previ\s to ! plant+ ( rice crops ! f>m] has to g to 8 field ev5 be=e day break ) five balls ( boil$ rice1 cocoanuts & o!r ?+s4 ,!re he wor%ips ! gu>dian deity ( ! field & buries ! balls ( rice und]gr\nd4 ,he has to d x secretly & has to rema9 sil5t dur+ ! :ole p]iod4 ,he is also =bidd5 to look beh9d :ile go+ to ! field = ! purpose4 #hab ,secrecy & sil5ce are obs]v$ :5 p]=m+ ! rites ( ,*etuks & evil spirits or gho/s4 ,wid[ rem>riages among ! l[] classes are p]=m$ secretly4 ,! pair wi%+ to be rem>ri$ is accompani$ by a ,brhman prie/ & ! m>riage is p]=m$ ap>t f ! h\se4 ,! prie/ applies r$ lead 7,kunku7 to ! =ehead ( ! bride & ?r[s gra9s ( rice ov] _! heads & a /one mort> or pta is t\*$ to ! backbone ( ! bride4 ,! prie/ !n turns 8 face & walks away sil5tly4 #hac ,! ,holi is a religi\s fe/ival4 ,x is annually celebrat$ 9 memory ( ! dea? ( ,kmdev ! ,god ( ,love :o 0 de/roy$ by ! god ,%ank> on ! full moon day ( ,flgun 7,m>*74 ,! object ( ?is fe/ival appe>s to h be5 a desire to ab/a9 f lu/ by burn+ 9 ! ,holi fire all vici\s ?\ghts & desires4 ,z a rule1 females d n take any "p 9 ?is fe/ival4 ,9 ! ,konkan di/ricts ! annual fe/ival ( ,holi beg9s f ! fif? day ( ! bright half ( ,flgun 7,m>*74 ,boys f all ! localities ( a village assemble at a place appo9t$ = ! ,holi4 ,! place appo9t$ = k9dl+ ! ,holi is n g5]ally *ang$4 ,! boys !n g f h\se to h\se ask+ = firewood1 & br+ x to ! ,holi spot4 ,!y arrange ! firewood & o!r combu/ible articles ar\nd ! bran* ( a mango1 betelnut or a ,sw> tree 9 ! pit dug out = ! purpose & !n set x on fire4 ,aft] k9dl+ ! sacr$ fire !y take five turns r\nd ! ,holi accompani$ ) ! beat+ ( drums & raise l\d cries ( obsc5e words4 ,aft] ?is !y play ! ,indian games ( ,atyptya & ,khokho & occasionally rob ! neighb\r+ p ( _! firewood & o!r combu/ible articles4 ,at ! close ( ^! games !y daub _! =eheads ) sacr$ a%es ga!r$ f ! ,holi fire4 ,!y consid] ^! a%es especially auspici\s & c>ry !m home = ! use ( ! o!r memb]s ( _! families4 ,?is process is cont9u$ e night till ! close ( ! fullmoon day4 ,eld]ly p]sons take "p 9 ?is fe/ival only dur+ ! la/ few days4 ,on ! fullmoon day all ! males ( ! village1 includ+ old m51 />t aft] sunset = ! ,holi spot1 collect+ on _! way pieces ( firewood f all ! h\ses 9 ! locality & arrange !m 9 ! mann] describ$ above4 ,aft] hav+ arrang$ ! ,holi1 ! (ficiat+ prie/ recites sacr$ v]ses & ! puja is p]=m$ by ! mnk>i ( ! village4 ,?is mnk>i or ptil is ei!r ! headman or "s o!r lead+ p]son ( ! village & to him belongs ! "r ( k9dl+ ! ,holi fire fir/4 ,"s p]sons k9dle a small ,holi 9 front ( _! h\ses & wor%ip x individually1 b !y c take "p 9 ! public ,holi4 ,9 ! t[ns ! ,holis ( diff]5t localities are k9dl$ sep>ately :ile 9 small villages !re is only "o = e village4 ,at ,vijaydurg 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict a h5 is ti$ to ! top ( a tree or a bamboo plac$ 9 ! pit dug out = k9dl+ ! ,holi fire4 ,! f[l ti$ to ! top ( ! bamboo is call$ ,%it4 ,a small quantity ( dry grass is fir/ burnt at ! bottom ( ?is tree :5 ! ,mahrs beat _! drums4 ,! ,%it 7f[l7 is !n remov$ f ! tree aft] x is half burnt & tak5 by ! ,mahrs4 ,! ,holi fire is !n wor%ipp$ & k9dl$ by ! ,gurav4 ,wor%ipp+ & k9dl+ ! ,holi & tak+ ! ,%it 7f[l7 are consid]$ z high hon\rs4 ,occasionally qu>rels & diff]5ces arise ov] ?is privilege & !y are decid$ by ! village ,pan*4 #had ,aft] ! k9dl+ ( ! ,holi ! p assembl$ !re (f] to ! ,holi a ,naiv$ya 7god's meal7 ( poli--a sweet cake made ( ,jagri1 :eat fl\r & gram pulse4 ,cocoanuts f all ! h\ses 9 ! village are ?r[n into ?is sacr$ fire4 ,"s ( ^! cocoanuts are aft]w>ds tak5 out ( ! sacr$ fire1 cut into pieces1 mix$ ) sug> & are di/ribut$ among ! p assembl$ z prasd or fav\r$ gift4 ,l[] classes ( ,h9dus (f] a live goat to ! ,holi1 take x out :5 x is half burnt & fea/ !reon4 ,on ! night ( ! fullmoon day & ! fir/ day ( ! d>k half ( ,flgun1 ! p assembl$ at ! ,holi fire w&] ab\t ! village1 ent] g>d5s & /eal planta9s1 cocoanuts & o!r g>d5 produce4 ,robb]y ( su* ?+s committ$ dur+ ^! days is consid]$ to be p>donable4 ,"s p take advantage ( ?is opportunity = tak+ rev5ge on _! enemies 9 ?is respect4 ,! fire k9dl$ at ! ,holi on ! fullmoon day is kept con/antly burn+ till ! ,rangpan*ami day i4e41 fif? day ( ! d>k half ( ,flgun4 ,next morn+ i4e41 on ! fir/ day ( ! d>k half ( ,flgun1 ! p boil wat] ov] t fire & use x = ! purpose ( ba?+4 ,x is believ$ t wat] boil$ on ! sacr$ fire has ! p[] ( dispell+ all ! diseases f ! body4 ,p g on danc+ 9 ! village & s+ songs = ! next five days4 ,!y g5]ally s+ ,lvanis1 a k9d ( ballad1 dur+ ?is fe/ival4 ,among ^! danc]s a boy is dress$ l a girl & is call$ ,rdha4 ,?is ,rdha has to dance at e h\se :ile ! o!rs repeat ,lvanis4 ,! second day ( ! d>k half ( ,flgun is call$ ,dhulvad or du/ day :5 p />t 9 procession ?r\gh ! village1 & compel ! males ( e h\se to jo9 ! p>ty4 ,!y ?us g to ! ,holi fire & raise l\d cries ( obsc5e words ?r[+ mud & a%es ^u ea* o!r4 ,!y aft]w>ds g to ! riv] or a pond to take _! ba? at noon "t & !n return to _! h\ses4 ,! ?ird day ( ! d>k half is also sp5t l ! previ\s "o ) a slight diff]5ce :i* is t c[ dung is us$ in/ead ( mud4 ,?is day is call$ ,%5wad day4 ,on ! f\r? day ! ,dhunda ,rk%ahas9 7a demon goddess7 is wor%ipp$ by ! p1 & ! day is sp5t 9 mak+ m]ry & s++ obsc5e songs call$ ,lvanis4 ,! fif? day ( ! d>k half is kn[n z ,rangpan*ami day & is obs]v$ by ! p 9 ?r[+ col\r$ wat] ^u ea* o!r4 ,wat] 9 :i* ,kusumba & o!r col\rs are mix$ is c>ri$ 9 l>ge quantity on bullock c>ts ?r\gh ! /reets ( a city & spr9kl$ on ! p pass+ ?r\gh ^! /reets4 ,on ?is day ! sacr$ fire ( ! ,holi is ext+ui%$ by ?r[+ col\r$ wat] ov] x4 ,?is wat] is also ?r[n ^u ! p]sons assembl$ at ! ,holi4 ,! money collect$ z po/ dur+ ?is p]iod is utilis$ 9 fea/+ & dr9k+4 ,at ,ibrmpur 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict ! image ( cupid is seat$ 9 a palanqu9 & c>ri$ ) music f ! temple to ! ,holi gr\nd4 ,! palanqu9 is !n plac$ on a c]ta9 spot4 ,! place = ?us deposit+ ! image ( ! god is call$ ,shn4 #hae ,at ,nr+re !re is a big /one call$ ,holdev :i* is wor%ipp$ by ! p be=e k9dl+ ! ,holi fire4 #haf ,aft] ! k9dl+ ( ! sacr$ fire ! palanqu9 is lift$ f ! ,shn1 & turn$ r\nd ! ,holi fire ) great rejoic+s4 ,! palanqu9 is !n c>ri$ ?r\gh ! village & is fir/ tak5 to ! h\se ( a ,mnk>i1 & !n f h\se to h\se dur+ ! next five days4 ,! inmates ( ! h\ses wor%ip ! deity 9 ! palanqu9 & (f] cocoanuts & o!r fruits & make c]ta9 v[s4 ,! palanqu9 is tak5 back to ! temple on ! fif? day ( ! d>k half ( ,flgun :5 on its way gull or r$ p[d] is ?r[n ov] ! image & on ! p :o accompany x4 #hag ,among high class ,h9dus ! ?read gird+ c]emony ( a boy is p]=m$ :5 he atta9s pub]ty4 ,! girls are g5]ally m>ri$ at an e>ly age1 & :5 a girl atta9s pub]ty1 sug> is di/ribut$ among ! fri5ds & relatives ( h] husb&4 ,%e is !n seat$ 9 a ,makh>--a gaily dress$ frame4 ,di%es ( sweets :i* are br\ght by ! girl's p>5ts & ! relatives ( h] husb& are giv5 to h] = ! fir/ ?ree days4 ,%e takes h] ba? on ! f\r? day accompani$ by ! play+ ( music & ! beat+ ( drums4 ,sweetmeats 9 di%es are br\ght by ! relatives till ! day ( ,rutu%anti 7! fir/ bridal night74 ,! ,g>bhdn or ,rutu%nti c]emony is "o ( ! sixte5 c]emonies t are requir$ to be p]=m$ dur+ ! life ( e ,h9du4 ,?is c]emony is p]=m$ )9 ! fir/ sixte5 days f ! girl's atta9+ h] pub]ty1 ! #d?1 #g?1 #i?1 #aa? & ! #ac? be+ consid]$ inauspici\s = ?is purpose4 ,:ile p]=m+ ?is c]emony ! foll[+ ?ree rites are requir$ to be obs]v$4 ,!y are ,ganpatipujan or ! wor%ip ( ! god ,ganpati1 ,punhyhava*an or ! special c]emony = invok+ div9e bless+s & ,navagraha%nti ! c]emony = propitiat+ ! n9e planets4 ,! ritual ( ?is c]emony is z foll[s3-- ,! husb& & ! wife are seat$ side by side on wood5 bo>ds to p]=m ! above ?ree rites4 ,! ,kadali pujan or planta9 tree wor%ip is p]=m$ by ! pair4 ,! sacr$ fire or ,homa is requir$ to be k9dl$4 ,! juice ( ! ,durwa grass is !n p\r$ into ! "r no/ril ( ! bride by h] husb&4 ,?is is int5d$ to expel all diseases f ! body ( ! girl & to secure safe conception4 ,!y are !n seat$ 9 a ,makh>1 & pres5ts ( clo!s1 ornam5ts etc41 are made by ! p>5ts ( ! girl & o!r relatives4 ,aft] ?is ! husb& fills ! lap ( ! girl ) rice1 a cocoanut1 five betelnuts1 five dry dates1 five almonds1 five planta9s & five pieces ( turm]ic4 ,! girl is !n c>ri$ to a temple accompani$ by ! play+ ( music4 ,a gr& fea/ is giv5 to ! fri5ds & relatives at ! close ( ?is c]emony4 ,! ,h9dus g5]ally make v>i\s k9ds ( v[s 9 ord] to procure (fspr+ or ) "s o!r su* object1 & fulfil !m :5 !y succe$ 9 gett+ _! desire4 ,! foll[+ are ! diff]5t k9ds ( v[s made4 ,!y (f] cocoanuts1 sug>1 planta9s & o!r fruits1 co/ly new dresses & ornam5ts to ! deities1 & give fea/s to ,brhmans4 ,special c]emonies call$ ,laghurudra & ,mahrudra 9 hon\r ( ,%iva ! god ( de/ruction are also p]=m$4 ,sweetmeats su* z p$has etc4 are (f]$ to ! gods 9 fulfilm5t ( v[s4 ,"s p make v[s to obs]ve fa/s1 to fe$ ,brhmans1 & to di/ribute co9s & clo!s to ! poor2 :ile o!rs hang torana-wrea?s ( fl[]s & mango leaves--on ! entrance ( ! temple1 & hoi/ flags ov] x4 ,ri* p erect new temples to diff]5t ,h9du deities4 ,"s obs]ve fa/s to propitiate ! goddess ,*&ika & wor%ip h] dur+ ,nav>tra ! fir/ n9e days ( ! bright half ( ,a%v9 7,octob]7 & o!rs (f] f[ls & goats to _! fav\rite deities4 ,wom5 make x a v[ to walk r\nd ! ,audumb> or ,pipal tree1 & to di/ribute cocoanuts1 sug>1 jagri1 copp] or silv] equal to ! weight ( _! *ildr54 ,v[s are made by p ) ! object ( secur+ heal?1 weal? & *ildr5 & o!r desir$ objects su* z education etc4 ,!y are z foll[s3-- ,p]=m+ ! wor%ip ( ,%ri ,satya ,nryan1 (f]+ clo!s & ornam5ts to ! temple deities1 hang+ bells1 con/ruct+ a foot pa? or /eps lead+ to ! temple ( ! special deity4 #hah ,v[s are also made to obta9 fre$om f disease or su* o!r calamities4 ,:5 any p]son 9 ! family becomes ill or :5 a sudd5 calamity befalls a family an eld]ly memb] ( ! family goes to ! temple ( a deity & makes c]ta9 v[s accord+ to 8 means1 fulfill+ !m z soon z ! calamity or disease has disappe>$4 #hai ,v[s are usually to p]=m acts ( b5evol5ce4 ,^! consi/ 9 di/ribut+ cocoanut mix$ 9 sug>1 giv+ fea/s to ,brhman prie/s1 obs]v+ fa/s on ,saturday1 ,tuesday & ,sunday1 (f]+ clo!s & ornam5ts to deities1 build+ new temples & gue/ h\ses 7dh>m%ls71 digg+ out new wells & 9 di/ribut+ clo!s & food to ! poor4 #hbj ,at ,khopoli 9 ! ,kolba ,di/rict1 p :o h no *ildr5 or ^: *ildr5 die %ortly aft] bir? make a v[ to ! ,satwi deity ^: temple is at a %ort di/ance f ,khopoli4 ,! v[ is g5]ally to br+ ! *ild to ! d>%ana 7sight7 ( ! deity & to fe$ five or m 7m>ri$7 ,brhman pairs4 ,su* v[s are fulfill$ aft] ! bir? ( a *ild4 ,"s wor%ip ! god ,satya ,nryan on a gr& scale & o!rs propitiate ! god ,%iva by ! c]emony ( ,abhi%eka 7wat] spr9kl+74 #hba ,"s (f] nails made ( gold or silv] to ! goddess ,%itala aft] ! recov]y ( a *ild suff]+ f small pox4 ,eyes & o!r p>ts ( ! body made ( gold & silv] are also occasionally (f]$ 9 fulfilm5t ( v[s4 ,p ab/a9 f eat+ c]ta9 ?+s till ! v[s are fulfill$4 #hbb ,v[s are made 9 times ( difficulties & sorr[4 ,! p]son afflict$ ) sorr[ or mis=tune prays to 8 fav\rite deity & promises to (f] p>ticul> ?+s or to p]=m special c]emonies1 & fulfils 8 v[s :5 8 desir$ objects are atta9$4 ,! c]emonies commonly obs]v$ = ^! purposes are ! special pujs ( ,satya ,nryan & ,satya ,v9yak4 ,native ,*ri/ians make _! v[s to _! sa9ts & ,mot-,mvali 7,"m ,m>y7 9 ! taluka ( ,salsette4 #hbc ,!re is a %r9e ( ! god ,%ank> at ,kanake%w> a village on ! sea side two miles f ,mi?bv 9 ! ,ratngiri ,di/rict4 ,_m ye>s ago x s happ5$ t a ri* ,mahom$an m]*ant 0 c>ry+ 8 m]*&ise 9 a %ip4 ,! %ip f\nd]$ 9 a /orm at a di/ance ( ab\t two or ?ree miles f ,kanake%w>4 ,:5 ! vessel1 seem$ to be on ! po9t ( s9k+ ! m]*ant despair+ ( 8 life & goods1 made a v[ to erect a nice temple = ! ,h9du %r9e ( ,kanake%w> if he1 8 vessel & its c>go 7 sav$4 ,by ! grace ( ,god ! vessel wea!r$ ! /orm & he arriv$ safely 9 8 c\ntry ) ! m]*&ise4 ,9 fulfilm5t ( ?is v[ he erect$ a good temple ov] ! %r9e ( ,%ri ,%ank> at ,kanake%w>1 :i* co/ him ab\t rupees six ?\s&4 ,?is temple is 9 good condition to ! pres5t day4 ,_m su* v[s are made to special deities4 ,:5 ! p get _! desir$ objects !y attribute ! success to ! fav\r ( ! deity invok$1 b :5 _! expectations are n fulfill$ !y blame _! fate & n ! deity4 #hbd ,9 ! ,konkan di/ricts !re are "s p]sons :o practise black art ( sev]al k9ds su* z ,*etak1 ,jran1 ,mran & ,u*tan4 ,*etak is a k9d ( evil _s br\ght f ! temple ( ! goddess ,itali ( ! ,konkan di/ricts4 ,x is br\ght = a fix$ or limit$ p]iod1 & an annual tribute is requir$ to be paid to ! goddess = ! s]vices4 ,ano!r k9d ( black art widely practis$ 9 ! ,konkan di/ricts is kn[n by ! "n ( ,mu? mrane4 ,9 ?is art ! sorc]] prep>es an image ( :eat fl\r1 & wor%ips x ) fl[]s1 inc5se1 etc4 ,a lemon pi]c$ ) a numb] ( p9s is !n plac$ be=e ! image4 ,! sorc]] beg9s to p\r spoonfuls ( wat] mix$ ) ,jagri on ! face ( ! image1 & repeats c]ta9 mantras4 ,mean:ile1 ! lemon gradually disappe>s & goes to ! p]son ^: dea? x is int5d$ to secure4 ,! p]son aim$ at receives a heavy bl[ 9 ! *e/ & at once falls to ! gr\nd vomitt+ blood4 ,sometimes he is kn[n to expire in/antane\sly4 ,! *>m$ lemon1 aft] complet+ its task returns to ! sorc]]1 :o anxi\sly awaits its return1 = x is believ$ t if ! lemon fails to return "s calamity or mis=tune is sure to occur to him4 ,= ?is reason ! beg9n] desir+ to be initiat$ into ! my/]y ( ?is black art has to make ! fir/ trial ( 8 mantras on a tree or a f[l4 ,females are also initiat$ into ! my/]ies ( ,jdu or black art4 ,su* wom5 are requir$ to g to ! burn+ gr\nd at midnight 9 a nak$ /ate1 hold+ 9 _! h&s he>?s conta9+ burn+ coals4 ,:ile on _! way !y untie _! hair1 & !n beg9 ! recital ( _! mantras4 ,!re !y dig out ! bones ( buri$ corpses1 br+ !m home1 & pres]ve !m = practis+ black art4 ,!re is a sect ( ,h9dus kn[n z ,%ktas :o practise ! black art4 ,! ,%ktas wor%ip _! goddess at night1 make (f]+s ( w9e & fle%1 & !n fea/ !reon4 ,,app5dix4 ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,v]nacul> ,,t]ms ,,occurr+ ,,9 ,,volumes ,i ,,& ,,ii4 #hbe ,a4 ,,abil3 ,a k9d ( inc5se4 ,,abir3 ,:ite sc5t$ p[d]4 ,,ad,,*h3 ,r$ cotton y>n4 ,,ad,d3 ,l5tils4 ,,adagho ,,badagho3 ,a c]emony p]=m$ to drive away insects4 ,,adh,,sur3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,adhikam,s3 ,int]cal>y mon?4 ,,adi-,n,r,,yan3 ,a "n ( ,vi%nu4 ,,ado3 ,useless4 ,,adulsa3 ,"n ( a m$ic9al plant4 ,,ag,r3 ,excreta4 ,,aga/ya3 ,"n ( a sage2 "n ( a con/ellation4 ,,aga?i3 ,a tree1 ,sesbania ,gr&iflora4 ,,aga?io3 ,see ,aga?i4 ,,agh,,da3 ,"n ( a plant4 ,,aghori3 ,a sect ( ,h9dus4 ,,agi,,ri3 ,fire temple ( ! ,prsis4 ,,agni3 ,fire2 ! deity presid+ ov] fire4 ,,agni*>3 ,an ord] ( evil spirits liv+ 9 fire4 ,,agnihotra3 ,a p]petual sacr$ fire pres]v$ 9 a hole 9 ! gr\nd = receiv+ & pres]v+ consecrat$ fire4 ,,agnihotri3 ,"o :o keeps an ,agnihotra4 ,,agnikunda3 ,a hole 9 ! gr\nd1 or an enclos$ space1 on ! surface1 or a metal squ>e-m\!d vessel1 = receiv+ & pres]v+ consecrat$ fire4 ,,agni-,,sansk,r3 ,! rite ( sett+ fire to a corpse4 ,,agri3 ,"n ( a ca/e or an individual ( x4 ,,ahalya3 ,! wife ( ! sage ,gautam4 ,,aheva ,,navami3 ,! n9? day ( ! d>k half ( ,bhdrapad4 ,,ahi3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,ahir3 ,a ca/e ( %eph]ds4 ,,ahuti3 ,a h&ful ( rice1 ghi1 sesamum1 etc41 ca/ into fire1 wat]1 ^u ! gr\nd etc41 z an (f]+ to ! deities4 ,,air,,vat3 ,"n ( ! elephant ( ,indra2 ! elephant presid+ ov] ! ea/4 ,,aja3 ,a goat4 ,,ajamo3 ,l+u/icum ajwa54 ,,ak,,%3 ,! sky4 ,,ak,,%-,,ganga3 ,! milky way4 ,,akh& ,,saubh,,gya3 ,p]petual unwid[hood4 ,,akik3 ,a k9d ( /one4 ,,akh ,,trij3 ,! ?ird day ( ! bright half ( ,vai%kh4 ,,ak%aya ,,tritiya3 ,see ,akh ,trij4 ,,alaw,,na3 ,a sort ( %awl4 ,,alwant3 ,a _s ( a woman dy+ 9 *ildbir? or dur+ m5ses4 ,,alu3 ,an escul5t vegetable4 ,,alunda3 ,"n ( a v[4 ,,amani3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,am>3 ,immortal4 ,,ama?o3 ,useless4 ,,ama?o ,m,,mo3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,am,v,,sya3 ,! la/ day ( a mon?4 ,,amba3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,ambil3 ,conjee4 ,,ambo3 ,mango4 ,,amn,,ye%w>3 ,a "n ( ! god ,mahdev4 ,,anagh3 ,"n ( a v[4 ,,anagodha3 ,see ,anagh4 ,,anant ,,*aturda%i3 ,! f\rte5? day ( ! d>k half ( ,bhdrapad sacr$ to ,vi%nu4 ,,&h,,rio3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,angiras3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,anjali3 ,palmful4 ,,anjan3 ,soot us$ z collyrium4 ,,anjani3 ,"m ( ,mruti4 ,,njani3 ,a sore or mole on ! eye-lid4 ,,ankada3 ,"n ( a poison\s plant4 ,,annadeva3 ,! god presid+ ov] food4 ,,annakuta3 ,! eigh? or t5? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v9 or ! second day ( ! bright half ( ,krtik :5 sweets are (f]$ to gods4 ,,annapurna3 ,! goddess presid+ ov] food4 ,,ant>al3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,ant>apat3 ,! piece ( clo? :i* is held betwe5 ! bride & bridegroom at ! "t ( a ,h9du w$d+4 ,,antye%ti3 ,fun]al rites4 ,,anur,,dha3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,anu%?,n3 ,p]=mance ( c]ta9 c]emonies & works 9 propitiation ( a god4 ,,apasm,r3 ,epilepsy4 ,,aps>a3 ,c]ta9 female div9ities :o reside 9 ! sky & are ! wives ( ! ,g&h>vas4 ,!y are sometimes repres5t$ z ! common wom5 ( ! gods4 ,,apta3 ,"n ( a tree4 ,,arani3 ,elaeod5dron glaucum4 ,,arati3 ,! c]emony ( wav+ 7ar\nd an idol1 a guru1 etc417 a platt] conta9+ a burn+ lamp4 ,,ardhodaya3 ,half-ris5 /ate ( a heav5ly body4 ,,ardra3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,arghya3 ,a respectful (f]+ to a god or a v5]able p]son consi/+ ( v>i\s +r$i5ts or ( wat] only4 ,,arjuna3 ,! ?ird ( ! five ,pndava bro!rs4 ,,arundhati3 ,wife ( ,vasi%?a2 "n ( a />4 ,,as>a3 ,a wat] nymph4 ,,asan3 ,a pray] c>pet4 ,,a%,,dh3 ,! f\r? mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! n9? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,,a%,,puri3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,a%le%a3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,a%o3 ,a corrupt$ =m ( ,a%v94 ,,a%apati3 ,"n ( a my?ological k+4 ,,a%tabh,,ro3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,a%tadala3 ,eight-corn]$4 ,,a%ta-,,dik-,p,,la3 ,protectors ( ! eight diff]5t directions4 ,,a%taka3 ,a hymn consi/+ ( eight v]ses4 ,,a%tamah,d,n3 ,a gift consi/+ ( eight k9ds ( articles4 ,,a%t,,vasu3 ,a class ( div9e be+s eight 9 numb]4 ,,a%v93 ,! sev5? mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! twelf? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,,a%v9i3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,a%v9i ,,kum,r3 ,! tw9 sons ( ! sun by 8 wife ,sanjnya 9 ! =m ( a m>e4 ,!y are fam\s z heav5ly physicians4 ,,a%wam$ha3 ,horse sacrifice4 ,,a%wat?,,ma3 ,! only son ( ,drona1 ! milit>y preceptor ( ! ,kauravas & ,pndavas4 ,,asm,,ni3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,aso3 ,a corrupt$ =m ( ,a%v94 ,,asopalava3 ,"n ( a tree4 ,,asur ,,gati3 ,! pa? ( ! demons4 ,,atit3 ,a class ( religi\s begg>s4 ,,atlas3 ,a k9d ( clo?4 ,,atri3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,aty,p,,tya3 ,"n ( an out-door game play$ 9 ! ,deccan4 ,,avad-,m,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,avagat3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,avagati3 ,fall5 condition4 ,,avalia3 ,a ,muhammadan sa9t4 ,,avala3 ,"n ( a tree4 ,,avat,r3 ,an inc>nation ( ,vi%nu4 ,,avi3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,avli3 ,"n ( a tree4 ,,awdumb>3 ,a tree1 ,ficus glom]ata4 ,,awuta3 ,wood bill4 ,,ayan3 ,"n ( a tree4 ,b4 ,b,,b>o3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,b,,bhul3 ,acacia arabica4 ,b,,brio3 ,see ,bb>o4 ,b,,bro3 ,see ,bb>o4 ,,babruv,,han3 ,"n ( a demon2 a son ( ,arjuna4 ,b,,bul3 ,acacia arabica4 ,b,,dha3 ,imp5d+ evil4 ,b,,ghada3 ,"n ( an evil _s4 ,b,,gulb,,wa3 ,"n ( a gobl94 ,,bahiri3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,bahiri-,,somjai3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,bahiroba3 ,"n ( a m9or deity4 ,,bahirob,,*e ,,bhut3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,b,,ja3 ,di%4 ,b,,jale3 ,a wood5 cot4 ,b,,jat3 ,a wood5 /ool4 ,,baj,,nia3 ,a ca/ ( tumbl]s or an individual ( x4 ,,baka3 ,"n ( a demon2 "n ( a sage4 ,b,,kla3 ,a small r\nd flat cake ( dry boil$ beans4 ,b,,kl,n3 ,see ,bkla4 ,,bakor3 ,noise4 ,b,l ,,t]a%3 ,! #ac? day ( ! d>k half ( ,bhdrapad4 ,,balad3 ,an ox4 ,,baladi3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,baldev3 ,"n ( ! bro!r ( ,kri%na1 ! eigh? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu4 ,,balev3 ,! full moon day ( ,%rvana4 ,,baleva3 ,see ,balev4 ,,balevi,n3 ,a k9d ( wor%ip4 ,,bali3 ,"n ( a mighty demon1 ! "l ( ! ne!r _w or ptl2 an oblation2 a victim (f]$ to any deity2 "n ( a procession4 ,,balid,n3 ,(f]+ ( a victim4 ,,balla3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,b,n,,sur3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,b&h,i-,,javan3 ,"n ( a cattle disease4 ,,bania3 ,a trad]4 ,b,,pa3 ,"n ( a gu>dian _s ( fields4 ,b,,pdev3 ,see ,bpa4 ,,b>ane%w> ,,mah,,dev3 ,a "n ( ,mahdev4 ,b,,ras3 ,! twelf? day ( ! bright or d>k half ( a mon?4 ,b,,rvatia3 ,an outlaw4 ,,bat,,sa3 ,a k9d ( sweetmeat4 ,,batrisa3 ,a man possess$ ( ?irty-two accompli%m5ts4 ,,batuk3 ,"n ( a m9or deity4 ,b,u3 ,a ^w us$ to fright5 *ildr52 a gobl94 ,b,,va3 ,a t]m ( respectful compellation or m5tion = an ascetic or religi\s tea*]4 ,b,,val3 ,see ,bbul4 ,b,,vo3 ,see ,bva4 ,,baya3 ,"n ( a deity presid+ ov] small-pox4 ,b,,wan ,,vir3 ,"n ( a m9or deity4 ,,be*ra ,m,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,b$a3 ,"n ( a tree4 ,,bel3 ,aegle ,m>melos4 ,,bel-,,bh&,r3 ,leaves ( ! ,aegle ,m>melos & ! turm]ic p[d] t are kept on an idol4 ,,b]3 ,jujube tree4 ,,b]o3 ,deaf4 ,,be?i3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,bh,,bho3 ,wor?less4 ,,bh,,d>wa3 ,see ,bhdrapad4 ,,bh,,drapad3 ,! six? mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! elev5? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,,bhagat3 ,an exorci/4 ,,bhagira?3 ,"n ( an anci5t k+ ( ! sol> dyna/y :o is said to h br\ght d[n ! ,ganges f heav5 to ! e>?4 ,,bh,,gvat3 ,"n ( "o ( ! eighte5 purnas4 ,,bhagvati3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,bhagw,n3 ,an epi!t ( ,vi%nu2 ( ,%iva4 ,,bhagwati3 ,see ,bhagvati4 ,,bhairav3 ,a "n ( an inf]ior manife/ation ( ,%iva4 ,,bhajan3 ,repeat+ ! "n ( a god z an act ( wor%ip2 hymns or pieces or v]ses sung to a god4 ,,bhaktim,,rga3 ,pa? ( devotion4 ,,bh,,lu3 ,an old female jackal4 ,,bh&,,ri3 ,a ca/e ( ,h9dus4 ,,bh,,ng3 ,hemp wat]4 ,,bhangi3 ,a scav5g]2 "n ( ! ca/e ( scav5g]s4 ,,bhangra3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,bh>anai3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,bh>ani3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,bh,,rani3 ,! process ( *>m+4 ,,bh>ata3 ,"n ( a bro!r ( ,rma ! sev5? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu4 ,,bh>v,d3 ,a ca/e ( %eph]ds4 ,,bh,,sika3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,bhasma3 ,holy a%es4 ,,bhasm,,sur3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,bh,,ubij3 ,! second day ( ! bright half ( ,krtik4 ,,bhav,i3 ,"n ( a /one deity4 ,,bh,,vak,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,bhav,,ni3 ,a "n ( ! goddess ,prvati4 ,,bh,,v93 ,a ca/e ( female temple s]vants :o are pro/itutes by pr(ession4 ,,bhaw,,ni3 ,see ,bhavni4 ,,bh5sa3 ,a he-buffalo4 ,,bh5s,,sur3 ,a demon 9 ! =m ( a he-buffalo4 ,,bhikh,,ri3 ,a begg>4 ,,bhikho3 ,a begg>4 ,,bhil3 ,a p>tly ,h9du1 p>tly animi/ic tribe4 ,,bhima3 ,! second ( ! five ,pndava bro!rs4 ,,bhima-,,agi,,ras3 ,! elev5? day ( ! bright half ( ,jye%?a4 ,,bhimas5a3 ,see ,bhima4 ,,bhimn,,? ,,mah,,dev3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,,bhimn,,? ,,%ank>3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,,bhi%ma3 ,son ( ,%ntanu & ! riv] ,ganges & gr&-uncle ( ! ,pndavas & ,kauravas4 ,,bhogava3 ,village b\nd>y4 ,,bhoi3 ,a ca/e ( fi%]m5 & palanqu9-be>]s4 ,,bhojapatra3 ,a palm-leaf4 ,,bhol,n,,?3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,,bhong ,,r+di3 ,"n ( a poison\s plant4 ,,bhopala3 ,g\rd4 ,,bhopi3 ,! p]son t (ficiates 9 ! temples ( village deities4 ,,bhu*>3 ,an ord] ( gho/s hov]+ ov] ! e>?4 ,,bhunga3 ,a black bee4 ,,bhu%undak,k3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,bhut3 ,an evil _s4 ,,bhuta3 ,see ,bhut4 ,,bhuta-,,devata3 ,a gho/ly godl+4 ,,bhut,,li3 ,a woman :o c influ5ce evil spirits to d h>m to o!rs4 ,,bhute3 ,plural ( ,bhutya3 ,see ,bhutya4 ,,bhut93 ,a female memb] ( an ord] ( devotees ( ! goddess ,bhavni4 ,,bhutn,,?3 ,"n ( an evil _s4 ,,bhutya3 ,a male memb] ( an ord] ( devotees ( ! goddess ,bhavni4 ,,bhuva3 ,a male exorci/4 ,,bhuvi3 ,a female exorci/4 ,,bibhi%ana3 ,bro!r ( ,rvana1 ! demon k+ ( ,lanka or ,ceylon4 ,,bij3 ,! second day ( ! bright or d>k half ( a mon?4 ,,bijavrik%any,,ya3 ,! maxim ( se$ & %oot4 ,! maxim takes its orig9 f ! mutual relation ( causation t exi/s betwe5 se$ & %oot1 & is appli$ to cases 9 :i* two objects /& to ea* o!r 9 ! relation ( bo? cause & effect4 ,,bil,,d3 ,a cat4 ,,bili3 ,see ,bel4 ,,b9du3 ,a drop4 ,,bo*o3 ,a c[>d4 ,,bodan3 ,a c]emony 9 :i* curds1 milk1 boil$ rice1 fri$ cakes1 etc41 are mix$ up toge!r & pres5t$ 9 oblation to ! goddess ,mahlak%mi by a company ( at lea/ five m>ri$ wom5 & "o virg94 ,,bodo3 ,bald-head$4 ,,bol ,,*o?3 ,! f\r? day ( ! d>k half ( ,%rvan4 ,,bor,,di3 ,! ,jujube tree4 ,,bot]un3 ,a complete cessation ( ra9 = sev5ty-two days4 ,,b[,,ji3 ,see ,bva4 ,,b[3 ,see ,bu4 ,,brahma ,,graha3 ,gho/ ( a ,brhman4 ,,brahma3 ,! fir/ god ( ! ,h9du ,tr9ity4 ,,brahmabhoj3 ,a fea/ to ,brhmans4 ,,brahma*>ya3 ,celibacy4 ,,brahma*,,ri3 ,"o :o has tak5 a v[ to lead a celibate life4 ,,brahmahatya3 ,! murd] ( a ,brhman4 ,,br,,hman3 ,! sac]dotal ca/e ( ,h9dus or an individual ( x4 ,,br,,hmana-,,v>una3 ,! appo9tm5t ( duly au?oris$ ,brhmans to p]=m religi\s c]emonies4 ,,brahm>&hra3 ,! ap]ture suppos$ to be at ! cr[n ( ! head1 ?r\gh :i* ! s\l takes its flight on dea?4 ,,brahma ,r,,k%asa3 ,see ,brahma ,samb&h4 ,,brahma ,,samb&h3 ,! gho/ ( a ,brhman t 9 8 life "t possess$ high atta9m5ts1 & a haughty _s4 ,,brihaspati3 ,"n ( ! preceptor ( ! gods4 ,,bruhannada3 ,! "n assum$ by ,arjuna :5 resid+ at ! palace ( ,virta4 ,,budha3 ,m]cury4 ,,buddhi3 ,"n ( a wife ( ,ganpati4 ,c4 ,,c5dur3 ,r$ lead4 ,,*,,da3 ,r5t4 ,,*aitannadya3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,*aitra3 ,! fir/ mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! six? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,,*akli3 ,a sp>r[4 ,,*,k ,,padane3 ,appe>ance ( r$ pu/ules on ! face suppos$ to be caus$ by ! influ5ce ( an evil eye4 ,,*akora3 ,a bird1 ,b>tavelle ,p>tridge4 ,,*,,la3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,*,,leghat3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,*am,r3 ,a ca/e ( tann]s4 ,,*ampa3 ,mi*elia *ampaca4 ,,*amp-,,%a%ti3 ,! six? day ( ! bright half ( ,mrga%ir%a4 ,,*amp,,vati3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,*ana3 ,gram4 ,,*&a3 ,"n ( a k9d ( w9d4 ,,*& ,,*ani3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,*&an3 ,s&al wood4 ,,*&ika3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,*&i ,,kava*3 ,a hymn 9 hon\r ( ! goddess ,*&i or ,durga4 ,,*&ip,,?3 ,recitation ( a hymn 9 hon\r ( ! goddess ,*&i or ,durga4 ,,*&k,i3 ,"n ( a ,goddess4 ,,*&ra3 ,! moon4 ,,*&ram&al3 ,! disk ( ! moon2 ! lun> sph]e4 ,,*,,ndr,,yan ,,vrat3 ,"n ( a v[4 ,,*>ak3 ,excreta4 ,,*,,ran3 ,a ca/e ( g5ealogi/s & b>ds4 ,,*>an,,mrit3 ,wat] 9 :i* ! feet ( a spiritual guide h be5 wa%$4 ,,*>m>ia3 ,"n ( a snake deity4 ,,*>on?i3 ,a k9d ( fl\r4 ,,*a%a3 ,! ,blue jay4 ,,*at3 ,an image ( d>bha grass at ,%rddha :5 ! requir$ ,brhman is n pres5t4 ,,*ata ,,%r,,ddha3 ,a %rddha 9 :i* a *at repres5ts a ,brhman4 ,,*,,turm,s3 ,! p]iod ( f\r mon?s comm5c+ f ! t5? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%dh & end+ ) ! t5? day ( ! bright half ( ,krtik4 ,,*atur?i3 ,! f\r? day ( ! bright or d>k half ( a mon?4 ,,*aur,r3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,*$a3 ,gho/ ( a p]son ( ! ,kunbi or ,%udra ca/e or an unm>ri$ ,mahr4 ,,*$oba3 ,"n ( a _s deity4 ,,*ela3 ,a disciple4 ,,*elan3 ,an oblation to a ,mta or goddess4 ,,*etak3 ,a k9d ( black art4 ,,*etak93 ,a wit*4 ,,*etuk3 ,a _s s]vant4 ,,*hama*h>i3 ,dea? anniv]s>y4 ,,*hipa3 ,a ca/e ( calico-pr9t]s4 ,,*hogala3 ,celebrat$4 ,great4 ,,*hogalo3 ,) a tail4 ,,*ilbil3 ,notes ( ! ,p+ala bird4 ,,*ilum3 ,a clay pipe4 ,,*9dh>o3 ,ragg$4 ,,*iranjiva3 ,immortal4 ,,*i?i3 ,a piece ( pap] on :i* my/ic signs are drawn2 an amulet4 ,,*i?>ia3 ,ragg$4 ,,*iti3 ,see ,*i?i4 ,,*itp,,van3 ,a ca/e ( ,brhmans also kn[n z ,konkana/h4 ,,*itra3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,*ok3 ,a squ>e4 ,,*ola3 ,doli*os ,s95sio4 ,,*oli3 ,a bodice4 ,,*onge3 ,a k9d ( sweet4 ,,*or,,si ,k,,nt9i3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,*or,,si ,,viru3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,*orawa3 ,a c]emony p]=m$ at ! "t ( reap+4 ,,*o?3 ,! f\r? day ( ! bright or d>k half ( a mon?4 ,,*udbude ,,jo%i3 ,a ca/e ( =tune-tell]s4 ,,*udel3 ,an ord] ( female gho/s4 ,,*udela3 ,see ,*udel4 ,,*udi3 ,a tor*4 ,,*udi ,,paurnima3 ,! full-moon day ( ! mon? ( ,mgh4 ,,*unadi3 ,a k9d ( clo? worn by females4 ,,*un?o3 ,ragg$4 ,,*unv,,lia ,,koli3 ,a tribe ( ,kolis4 ,,*urama3 ,sweet balls ( :eat fl\r fri$ & soak$ 9 ghi4 ,,*utaki3 ,snapp+ ! ?umb & f+]4 ,,cohampalo3 ,m$dlesome4 ,d4 ,d,,damo3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,d,,damokhodi,r3 ,"n ( a field deity4 ,d,,dh3 ,a mol> too?4 ,d,,dh ,b,,ndhavi3 ,to deprive ( ! p[] ( eat+ by a *>m or spell4 ,d,,d3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,d,,kan3 ,a wit*2 an ord] ( gho/s4 ,d,,k9i3 ,see ,dkan4 ,d,,kla3 ,a _s in/rum5t 9 ! =m ( a small kettle-drum4 ,,dak%a3 ,a celebrat$ ,prajpati born f ! ?umb ( ,brahma4 ,,dak%a ,,praj,,pati3 ,see ,dak%a4 ,,dak%ana3 ,a gift ( money made to ,brhmans4 ,d,l3 ,"n ( a sect ( ,h9dus4 ,,dalap3 ,a c]emony p]=m$ = ! propitiation ( ! m9or deities ( ! fields4 ,d,,lia3 ,bak$ split gram4 ,d,,mana3 ,an amulet ti$ to ! horns ( a pet animal4 ,,dampatya3 ,a m>ri$ pair4 ,d,,na3 ,corn se$4 ,d,,nda3 ,! bat at ! game ( trap-/ick4 ,d,,nkla3 ,see ,dkla4 ,d,,nkla ,,besw,n3 ,! in/allation ( a dnkla4 ,d,,nkl,n3 ,see ,dkla4 ,,d>bha3 ,a sacr$ grass2 ,cynodon ,dactylon4 ,,d>duri3 ,"n ( a wat] nymph4 ,,d>ga3 ,a ,muhammadan place ( wor%ip4 ,,d>ji3 ,a ca/e ( tailors4 ,,da%a3 ,influ5ce4 ,,d>%a ,,%r,,ddha3 ,a %rddha to ! manes on e new moon day4 ,,das>a3 ,! t5? day ( ! bright half ( ,krtik4 ,,da%>a?a3 ,son ( ,aja & fa!r ( ,rma4 ,,das ,,p9da3 ,! oblations collectively to ! manes ( a deceas$ ance/or :i* are (f]$ daily f ! fir/ day ( 8 decease until ! t5?1 or :i* are (f]$ toge!r on ! t5?3 also ! rite4 ,d,,tan3 ,wood5 /icks = bru%+ ! tee?4 ,,datta3 ,"n ( a god4 ,,datt,,traya3 ,see ,datta4 ,d,v3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,d$ako3 ,a frog4 ,,deh>i ,m,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,delavadi ,,devi3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,d5do3 ,! croak+ ( a frog4 ,,deopan3 ,c]emonies & obs]vances 9 propitiation ( a god4 ,,de%a/ha3 ,a ca/e ( ,brhmans f\nd 9 ! ,deccan4 ,,deva3 ,a god4 ,,deva*,r3 ,_s ( a ,%udra :o dies aft] 8 m>riage4 ,,devahuti3 ,"n ( ! "m ( ! sage ,kapil4 ,,devak3 ,a t]m = ! deity or deities wor%ipp$ at m>riages1 ?read inve/itures etc42 a totem4 ,,devaki3 ,"m ( ,kri%na4 ,,deval3 ,a temple4 ,,deval ,,righane3 ,ent]+ into ! s]vice ( ! temple4 ,,devali3 ,! male (fspr+ ( a ,bhv94 ,,devalo3 ,n lov$4 ,,dev>%i3 ,a deal] ) gods & devils3 "o t summons1 exorcises !m1 etc4 ,,deva ,,s>pa3 ,a snake belong+ to a deity4 ,,devaski3 ,! annual c]emonies 9 hon\r ( ! tutel> div9ity ( a village4 ,,deva ,,yo%ita3 ,a woman (f]$ to a god4 ,,dev ,,div,,li3 ,! elev5? day ( ! bright half ( ,krtik4 ,,devi3 ,a goddess4 ,,devipan?3 ,a sect ( ! wor%ipp]s ( ! goddess ,durga4 ,,dh,,ga3 ,an amulet made ( a piece ( clo?4 ,,dhal-,,jatra3 ,a c]emony p]=m$ at ! "t ( h>ve/4 ,,dhama3 ,a "n ( ,hanumn4 ,,dhana3 ,cori&]4 ,,dhananjaya3 ,"n ( a snake4 ,,dhana-,,trayoda%i3 ,! ?irte5? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%v94 ,,dhang>3 ,a ca/e ( %eph]ds4 ,,dhani%?a3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,dhanu3 ,sagitt>ius4 ,,dhanurm,s3 ,! p]iod dur+ :i* ! sun is 9 ,sagitt>ius4 ,,dhanu-,,sankr,,nt3 ,transit or passage ( ! sun ?r\gh ,sagitt>ius4 ,,dh,r,v,,di3 ,a /ream ( milk4 ,,dh>m>,,ja3 ,! god ( dea?4 ,,dh>ma%,,la3 ,a re/ h\se4 ,,dh>ma%,,/ra3 ,! code ( body ( ,h9du law4 ,,dh>mas9dhu3 ,"n ( a "w treat+ ( ,h9du law4 ,,dh$3 ,an impure ca/e ( ,h9dus4 ,,dh$v,,da3 ,! w>d or place occupi$ by ! ,dh$ ca/e4 ,,dh+o3 ,fat4 ,,dhobi3 ,a ca/e ( wa%]m54 ,,dhol3 ,a drum4 ,,dholio3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,dhondilgajya3 ,"n ( a rite p]=m$ = secur+ ra9fall4 ,,dhori3 ,:ite4 ,,dhot>3 ,wai/ clo?4 ,,dhul ,p,,davo3 ,! fir/ day ( ! d>k half ( ,flgun4 ,,dhruva3 ,! son ( ,uttnapda4 ,he 0 a great devotee ( ! god ,vi%nu4 ,! sol> />4 ,,dhuleti3 ,see ,dhul ,pdavo4 ,,dhulwad3 ,see ,dhul ,pdavo4 ,! day ( ?r[+ du/ aft] ! burn+ ( ! ,holi4 ,,dhunda3 ,"n ( a demon goddess4 ,,dhunda ,r,,k%as93 ,see ,dhunda4 ,,dhundhum>i3 ,"n ( a my?ological p]sonage4 ,,dhuni3 ,! smoke-fire ( an ascetic ov] :i* he sits inhal+ ! smoke4 ,,dhupa3 ,frank9c5se4 ,,digamb>a3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,dipo3 ,pan!r4 ,,di%a-,,%ul3 ,pa9 caus$ by directions4 ,,div,,li3 ,a fe/ival ) nocturnal illum9ations1 fea/+s1 gambl+1 etc4 held dur+ ! conclud+ day ( ,a%v9 & ! fir/ & second day ( ,krtik4 ,,div,,sa3 ,! fifte5? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%dh4 ,,diwad3 ,a s]p5t ( a l>ge b h>mless species4 ,,dodka3 ,"o hundr$? "p ( a rupee4 ,,dokado3 ,a ball ( molasses & sesamum se$ cook$ toge!r4 ,,dora3 ,piece ( a /r+2 a magic ?read4 ,,dorli3 ,solanum indicum4 ,,doso3 ,old4 ,,dro3 ,a k9d ( sacr$ grass4 ,,drona3 ,son ( ,bhradvja1 by bir? a ,brhman b acqua9t$ ) milit>y sci5ce :i* he receiv$ z a gift f ,p>a%urm4 ,he in/ruct$ ! ,kauravas & ,pndavas 9 ! use ( arms4 ,,dru/amani3 ,a k9d ( black beads4 ,,dudha3 ,milk4 ,,dudhp,k3 ,rice cook$ 9 milk & sweet5$ ) sug>4 ,,dug-,,dudioon3 ,see ,dkla4 ,,duhitra3 ,%rddha p]=m$ by a gr&son to propitiate 8 mat]nal gr&fa!r4 ,,duk,l3 ,fam9e4 ,,dundubhi3 ,a kettle-drum4 ,,dung>3 ,a hill4 ,,durb,r3 ,! c\rt ( an ,indian ,*ief4 ,,durga3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,durgati3 ,fall5 condition4 ,,durva3 ,a k9d ( sacr$ grass4 ,,duryodhana3 ,! elde/ ( ! ,kaurava bro!rs4 ,,dwija3 ,a twice-born4 ,a ,brhman1 a ,k%atriya or a ,vai%ya1 ^: inve/iture ) ! sacr$ ?read con/itutes1 religi\sly & metaphorically a second bir?4 ,,dwitiya3 ,! second day ( ! bright or d>k half ( a mon?4 ,e4 ,,ek,,da%i3 ,! elev5? day ( ! bright & d>k halves ( a mon?4 ,,ekal ,,p]3 ,zizyphus jujuba4 ,,ek,,nt>io3 ,int]mitt5t fev]4 ,,ekoti%ta3 ,! rites p]=m$ on ! elev5? day aft] dea?4 ,,etal,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,f4 ,f,g3 ,a vulg> song4 ,f,,gan3 ,a corrupt$ =m ( ,flgun4 ,see ,flgun4 ,,fakir3 ,a ,muhammadan m5dicant4 ,,fakiri3 ,alms giv5 to ,fakirs 9 ! ,muh>ram4 ,,fakiro3 ,a begg>4 ,f,,lgun3 ,! twelf? mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! fif? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,f,,vadi3 ,"n ( a bird4 ,,firang,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,ful3 ,a fl[]4 ,,ful ,,dol3 ,a fe/ival 9 :i* col\r$ wat] is ?r[n4 ,g4 ,,gadh$a3 ,a donkey4 ,,gadh$o3 ,see ,gadh$a4 ,,gadh]im,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess in/all$ to protect a =tress or a /reet4 ,,gafal3 ,/upid4 ,,gagana*>3 ,an ord] ( gho/s mov+ 9 ! e!rial regions4 ,,gag>b$iun3 ,a piece ( lea!r ?ong or a piece ( black wood on :i* my/ic spells h be5 ca/4 ,,gaj,b,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,gaja*haya3 ,a fe/ival--! day ( ! new moon ( ,bhdrapad ! moon be+ 9 ! ,ha/a con/ellation4 ,,gal,l3 ,r$ p[d]4 ,,gana3 ,a troop ( demigods consid]$ z ,%iva's att5dants4 ,,ganagor3 ,"n ( a v[4 ,,g&h>va3 ,a cele/ial musician2 a class ( demigods :o are consid]$ to be ! s+]s ( gods4 ,g,,ndiva3 ,"n ( ! b[ ( ,arjuna4 ,g,,ndu3 ,"n ( a tree4 ,,g&h3 ,s&al pa/e4 ,,gane% ,,*atur?i3 ,! f\r? day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapad celebrat$ z ! bir?day ( ,gane%4 ,,gane%io3 ,a hook-%ap$ in/rum5t us$ by ?ieves 9 bor+ holes ?r\gh walls4 ,,ganga3 ,! riv] ,ganges4 ,,gang,,jal3 ,wat] ( ! ,ganges4 ,,gangigor3 ,"n ( a v[4 ,g,,nglo3 ,/ony4 ,g,,ngud3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,g,,nja3 ,hemp fl[]4 ,,ganpati3 ,! son ( ,%iva & ,prvati4 ,he is ! deity ( wisdom & ! remov] ( difficulties & ob/acles4 ,,ganpatipujan3 ,! wor%ip ( ,ganpati4 ,g,,n?ia3 ,a prep>ation ( gram fl\r4 ,,gaon-,,devi3 ,village goddess4 ,,g>abi3 ,a song 9 propitiation ( a goddess4 ,,g>bh,d,n3 ,! m>riage consummation c]emony4 ,g,,rh,,ne3 ,supplication to an idol4 ,,g>ud3 ,! eagle4 ,,g>ud ,,pur,n3 ,"n ( a purn4 ,g,,tr,d3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,gau3 ,a measure ( di/ance equal to #a #a_/c miles4 ,,gautam3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,gava3 ,a wild ox4 ,,gavali3 ,a ca/e ( h]dsm54 ,,gavatdev3 ,"n ( a godl+4 ,,gavati3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,gay,,sur3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,g,,yatri3 ,"n ( a daught] ( ,brahma4 ,g,,yatri ,,mantra3 ,a sacr$ v]se f ! ,v$as held specially sacr$ & repeat$ by e ,brhman at 8 morn+ & ev5+ devotion4 ,! v]se is 9 hon\r ( ! sun4 ,g,,yatri ,,puras*>an3 ,a =m ( devotion requir+ ! recitation ( ! ,gyatri mantra a hundr$ ?\s& times ) c]ta9 symbolic c]emonies4 ,g,,yatripuras*ava*an3 ,see ,gyatripuras*>an4 ,,g$i3 ,a bat4 ,,g$i-,d,,nda3 ,an outdoor game play$ by boys4 ,,g]ia3 ,a boy :o takes an active "p 9 ! ,holi fe/ival4 ,,gh,,di3 ,an exorci/4 ,a ca/e ( temple m9i/rants or an individual ( x4 ,,ghadi3 ,a measure ( "t equal to tw5ty-f\r m9utes4 ,,ghadulo3 ,a process = remov+ ! effects ( ! evil eye4 ,,gh,,n*9i3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,gh,,ndh>avi3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,gh,,ni3 ,t quantity ( oil se$s :i* is put 9 at "o "t to be cru%$ 9 an oil mill4 ,,gh,t3 ,/eps on ! side ( a riv] or tank lead+ to ! wat]4 ,,ghatotka*a3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,gheli3 ,mad4 ,,ghelo3 ,mad4 ,,ghelun3 ,mad4 ,,gh],,yala3 ,eclips$4 ,,gheta3 ,a %eep4 ,,ghodo3 ,a horse4 ,,ghug>i3 ,gra9 boil$ :ole1 i4e41 unsplit & unhusk$4 ,,ghumat3 ,a sort ( musical in/rum5t--an e>!n vessel1 pit*]-=m1 cov]$ ov] at ! l>g] m\? ) lea!r4 ,,ghuna3 ,a my/]i\s wat]y pit4 ,,gidot,n3 ,"n ( a creep]4 ,,gilli-,d,,nda3 ,a play among/ boys1 trap/ick4 ,,gir,,sia3 ,a ,rajput l&hold]4 ,,girha3 ,a wat] demon4 ,appli$ to ,rhu or to an eclipse 9 g5]al1 sol> or lun>4 ,,giri3 ,an ord] or individual ( x among ,gosvis4 ,,go*adi3 ,cattle or dog l\se4 ,,godho3 ,a bull4 ,,gok>n3 ,"n ( a my?ological k+4 ,,gokhalo3 ,a ni*e 9 ! wall4 ,,gokul3 ,! "n ( ! village at :i* ,kri%na 0 br\ght up4 ,,gokh>u3 ,a species ( ?orns4 ,,gokul-,,a%tami3 ,! eigh? day ( ! d>k half ( ,bhdrapad celebrat$ z ! bir?day ( ,kri%na4 ,,gol3 ,molasses4 ,,gol,,ba3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,golamb,,devi3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,gomukh3 ,m\? ( a c[4 ,,gond>o3 ,place :]e ! village cattle re/4 ,,gondhal3 ,a k9d ( religi\s dance4 ,,goolvel3 ,a k9d ( creep]4 ,,gop,,lsant,n3 ,"n ( an incantation4 ,,goprad,n3 ,gift ( a c[ ) its calf to a ,brhman4 ,,gor3 ,a prie/4 ,,gora3 ,a black e>!n vessel fill$ ) curds4 ,,goradia3 ,a "n ( ,hanumn4 ,,gor,,93 ,a m>ri$ unwid[$ woman4 ,,gorakha3 ,"n ( a sa9t4 ,,gorakh ,,*9*3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,gorji3 ,a preceptor4 ,,gorakhr,j3 ,"n ( a sa9t4 ,,gos,,vi3 ,an ascetic4 ,,gotra3 ,a section ( a ca/e hav+ a common ance/or4 ,,g\ri-,,pujan3 ,! wor%ip ( ! goddess ,g\ri1 a fe/ival obs]v$ only by wom54 ,,g\trad3 ,a v[ 9 hon\r ( ! c[ la/+ f ! elev5? day to ! fifte5? day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapad4 ,,g\tr,l3 ,"n ( a v[4 ,,gov>dhan3 ,a celebrat$ hill ne> ,ma?ura4 ,a l>ge heap ( c[ dung or ( rice1 vegetables1 etc4 made on ! fir/ day ( ! bright half ( ,krtik 9 imitation ( ! m\nta94 ,,g[al-,,deva3 ,"n ( a deity connect$ ) ra9-fall4 ,,graha3 ,a planet4 ,,grahana3 ,an eclipse4 ,,grahan-,,pujan3 ,! wor%ip ( ! pl\gh on ! full-moon day ( ,%rvan4 ,,graha-,,%,,nti3 ,a c]emony 9 propitiation ( ! planets4 ,,gr,,madevata3 ,a village goddess4 ,,gr,,ma-,,devi3 ,a village goddess4 ,,grihadevata3 ,! deity :i* presides ov] ! h\se4 ,,gri%ma-,,ritu3 ,! summ]4 ,,griva3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,gudhi3 ,a pole1 wrapp$ ar\nd ) a clo?1 a mango sprig1 etc41 erect$ on ! fir/ day ( ! ye> be=e ! h\se-door4 ,,gudhi-,p,,dva3 ,! fir/ day ( ! bright half ( ,*aitra1 ! new ye>'s day ( ! ,deccani ,h9dus4 ,,guhyak3 ,an ord] ( semi-div9e be+s4 ,,gul,b3 ,a rose4 ,,gugal3 ,balsamod5dron4 ,,gujakalpa3 ,"n ( a m$ic9al prep>ation4 ,,gul,l3 ,r$ p[d]4 ,,gumpha3 ,a cave4 ,,gund>3 ,gum arabic4 ,,gurav3 ,a ca/e ( temple m9i/rants or an individual ( x4 ,,guru3 ,a religi\s preceptor2 ,jupit]4 ,,guru ,,*>itra3 ,"n ( a sacr$ book4 ,h4 ,,hadal3 ,gho/ ( a woman :o dies )9 t5 days ( *ildbir? or dur+ m5ses4 ,,hadali3 ,see ,hadal4 ,h,j3 ,a pilgrim4 ,,haj,m3 ,a ca/e ( b>b]s or an individual ( x4 ,,hal,,hal3 ,a sort ( deadly poison produc$ at ! *urn+ ( ! ocean4 ,,hansa3 ,a goose4 ,,hanum,n3 ,"n ( a deity 9 ! =m ( a monkey4 ,he 0 a great devotee ( ,rma4 ,,hanum,n-,,jayanti3 ,! full-moon-day ( *aitra celebrat$ z ! bir?day ( ,hanumn4 ,,h>3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,,h>da3 ,a g>l& ( balls made ( sug>4 ,,h>d,s3 ,"o :o p]=ms ,ka?s t is relates /ories ( ,h9du deities to ! accompanim5t ( music4 ,,h>de3 ,myrobalan4 ,,h>i3 ,a "n ( ,vi%nu4 ,,h>is*&ra3 ,"n ( a my?ological k+4 ,,h>it,,lika3 ,! ?ird day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapad on :i* images ( ,prvati made ( e>? are wor%ipp$ by wom54 ,,h>ivan%a3 ,"n ( a purn4 ,,ha/a3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,ha?adi3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,h,,?i3 ,an elephant4 ,,havan3 ,a sacrificial (f]+4 ,,h$amatio3 ,a "n ( ,hanumn4 ,,h$amba3 ,"n ( a giantess4 ,,h$li3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,hemant-,,ritu3 ,w9t]4 ,,hidimba3 ,"n ( a giantess4 ,,hijada3 ,a eunu*4 ,,h+l,j3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,hiranyaka%ipu3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,hiranyaka%yapu3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,hirany,,k%a3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,hirwa3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,hol3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,holi3 ,a fe/ival held at ! approa* ( ! v]nal equ9ox4 ,! pile arrang$ to be k9dl$ at ! fe/ival4 ,,holia3 ,a boy :o takes an active "p 9 ! ,holi celebrations4 ,,holika3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,holo3 ,a species ( birds4 ,,homa3 ,a sacrifice4 ,,homahavan3 ,a =mation express+ compreh5sively or collectively1 ! sev]al acts & po9ts app]ta9+ to oblation by fire3 also any "o indef9ely ( ^! acts & po9ts4 ,,h[3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,humbad3 ,a ca/e ( ,vnis or an individual ( x4 ,,hut,,%ani3 ,! pile arrang$ to be k9dl$ at ! fe/ival ( ,holi4 ,i4 ,,ina3 ,an egg4 ,,9,m3 ,a gift4 ,,inda3 ,an egg-%ap$ vessel4 ,,indra-,,dhanu%ya3 ,a ra9-b[4 ,,indrajit3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,indramahotsava3 ,a fe/ival celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( ! god ,indra4 ,,irale3 ,a protection aga9/ ra9 made ( ! leaves ( trees4 ,,i%tadevata3 ,a *os5 deity4 ,,itidio3 ,a species ( insects4 ,j4 ,j,,di3 ,fat4 ,,jado3 ,fa/5$4 ,j,,du3 ,! black art4 ,j,,gran3 ,! fifte5? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%dh4 ,j,,griti3 ,wakefulness4 ,,jaikha3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,j,,kh,i3 ,"n ( a m9or goddess4 ,,jakhani3 ,an ord] ( semi-div9e be+s4 ,,jakh,i-,,devi3 ,"n ( a m9or goddess4 ,,jakh>a3 ,"n ( a m9or goddess4 ,,jakh>o3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,j,,kh93 ,_s ( a woman ^: husb& is alive4 ,,jakhm,,ta3 ,"n ( a m9or goddess4 ,,jakr93 ,"n ( a deity resid+ 9 wat]4 ,j,l3 ,an ord] ( gho/s2 "n ( a tree4 ,,jala*>3 ,an ord] ( evil spirits liv+ 9 wat]4 ,,jaladevi3 ,wat]-goddess4 ,,jalaj3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,jala-,,jatra3 ,! c]emony ( subm]g+ ! image ( ,%iva4 ,,jal&h>3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,jalap3 ,a dream caus$ by cold4 ,,jaldevki3 ,wat]-goddess4 ,,jalotsava3 ,a wat] fe/ival4 ,,jambuvant3 ,"o ( ! g5]als ( ,rama's army at ! siege ( ,lanka or ,ceylon4 ,,jambuvanti3 ,! daught] ( ,jambuvant4 ,,jami3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,j,n3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,janak3 ,a k+ ( ,mahila1 ! fo/]-fa!r ( ,sita4 ,j,,nawe3 ,a sacr$ ?read4 ,,jangam3 ,a ,l+yat prie/4 ,,janhu3 ,"n ( a my?ological k+4 ,,janjiro3 ,a black cotton ?read ) sev5 knots4 ,,janm,,%tami3 ,! eigh? day ( ! d>k half ( ,%rvan celebrat$ z ! bir?-day ( ,kri%na4 ,,janma-,,suw,,s9i3 ,a woman :o is p]petually unwid[$4 ,,janni3 ,"n ( a m9or goddess4 ,,jantra3 ,a my/ical arrangem5t ( words4 ,,jap3 ,repeat+ pray]s 9 a mutt]+ mann]4 ,,jap-,m,l3 ,a ros>y4 ,j,,ran3 ,a k9d ( black art4 ,,j>,,s&h3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,j>i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,j>i-,,m>i3 ,a goddess presid+ ov] an epidemic or pe/il5tial disease4 ,,jata3 ,matt$ hair4 ,,jatra3 ,a fair4 ,,jatupi3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,java3 ,b>ley4 ,,jav,,la3 ,t5d] :eat plants4 ,,je?a3 ,! eigh? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,,jhapat3 ,a sudd5 enc\nt]4 ,,jhol,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,jimp3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,j9ni3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,j9o3 ,small4 ,,j9?ro3 ,rugg$4 ,,jir53 ,cum9-se$4 ,,jivadhani3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,jivi3 ,live4 ,,jivo3 ,live4 ,,jog,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,jogani3 ,a female h>pie4 ,,jogata3 ,a male *ild (f]$ to ! goddess ,yallamma4 ,,jogat93 ,a female *ild (f]$ to ! goddess ,yallamma4 ,,jogava3 ,begg+ 9 ! "n ( ! goddess ,amba4 ,,jogi3 ,a male *ild (f]$ to ! goddess ,myka4 ,,jog93 ,a female *ild (f]$ to ! goddess ,myka4 ,,ju,,ri3 ,a k9d ( corn4 ,,julebi3 ,a k9d ( sweet4 ,,ju?i3 ,false4 ,,juv,,ri3 ,a k9d ( corn4 ,,jye%?a3 ,! ?ird mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! eigh? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,jyoti%-,,%,,/ra3 ,! sci5ce ( a/ronomy4 ,k4 ,,kab>3 ,a tomb rais$ ov] ! grave ( a ,muhammadan sa9t4 ,,kabir3 ,"n ( a celebrat$ sa9t4 ,,ka*a3 ,! son ( ,brihaspati1 ! preceptor ( gods4 ,,ka*akada3 ,a k9d ( bead4 ,,ka*>o3 ,refuse4 ,,ka*bi3 ,ra9b[4 ,k,,*hia3 ,a ca/e ( vegetable sell]s4 ,,kadadan3 ,legumes4 ,,kadalipujan3 ,planta9 tree wor%ip4 ,,kadamb3 ,an?ocephalus cadamba4 ,,kadvi3 ,bitt]4 ,,kadavo3 ,bitt]4 ,,kadulimb3 ,melia ,azadira*ta4 ,k,,fri3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,k,,gdo3 ,a cr[4 ,k,,gr,,%ia3 ,an exp\nd] ( ! utt]ances ( cr[s4 ,k,,gva3 ,cook$ food (f]$ to ! manes4 ,,kaitabha3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,k,,jal3 ,collyrium4 ,k,,jra3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,kakadi3 ,a cucumb]4 ,k,,kbhu%undi3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,kala%3 ,a j>4 ,,kala%i3 ,a weight ( corn4 ,k,,lanemi3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,kalasio3 ,a b[l4 ,k,,li3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,k,,lika3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,k,,lk,,i*e ,,bhut3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,k,,li ,,*audas3 ,! f\rte5? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%v94 ,,kal+i3 ,daught] ( ! k+ ( ! ,kal+as4 ,k,,li ,,p>aj3 ,a "n appli$ collectively to ! aborig9al tribes ( ,guj>t4 ,k,,liya ,n,g3 ,"n ( a my?ological snake4 ,k,,li ,,yuga3 ,! f\r? age ( ! _w accord+ to ! ,h9du scriptures4 ,k,,lo3 ,black4 ,k,,lo ,,va3 ,"n ( a cattle disease4 ,,kalpavrik%a3 ,a fabul\s tree grant+ all desires4 ,k,l ,,bhairav3 ,a "n ( ,mahdev4 ,k,l ,,puru%a3 ,! god ( dea?4 ,k,,lub,i3 ,"n ( a m9or goddess4 ,,kaly,n3 ,welf>e4 ,k,,ma ,,dh5u3 ,a heav5ly c[ grant+ all desires4 ,,kamala ,,holi3 ,! f\rte5? day ( ! bright half ( ,flgun4 ,k,,man3 ,a k9d ( black art ( bewit*+ a p]son4 ,,kam&alu3 ,a g\rd4 ,k,,mdev ,,mah,,dev3 ,a "n ( ,mahdev4 ,,kamod3 ,a k9d ( rice4 ,,kanakn,,?3 ,a "n ( ,mahdev4 ,,kankotri3 ,r$ p[d]4 ,k,,noba3 ,"n ( a m9or deity4 ,,kansa3 ,k+ ( ,ma?ura1 mat]nal uncle ( ,kri%na4 ,,kans,r3 ,co>se :eat fl\r cook$ 9 wat] or ghi & sweet5$ ) molasses or sug>4 ,,kanya3 ,a girl2 ,virgo4 ,,kaphan3 ,! clo? 9 :i* a corpse is wrapp$4 ,,kapil3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,kapil,,%a/hi3 ,a day on :i* syn*ronize six p>ticul>s--! day1 ,tuesday2 ! mon?1 ,bhdrapad2 ! date1 ! six? ( ! d>k =tnight2 ! ,nak%atra1 ,roh9i2 ! ,yog1 ,vyatipt2 ! ,mahnak%atra1 ,ha/i4 ,,kapila%ete3 ,see ,kapil%a/hi4 ,,k>an3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,k>h,,da3 ,a ca/e ( ,brhmans f\nd 9 ! ,deccan4 ,,k>ka3 ,canc]4 ,,k>kata3 ,"n ( a wat] nymph4 ,,k>kati3 ,see ,k>kata4 ,,k>kotak3 ,"n ( a snake4 ,,k>mam,,rga3 ,! pa? ( action4 ,k,,rtik3 ,! eigh? mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! fir/ mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,k,,rtikey3 ,son ( ,%iva1 ! comm&] ( ! army ( ! gods4 ,k,,sada3 ,a k9d ( sacr$ grass4 ,,kas,i3 ,a but*]4 ,,kasatia3 ,"n ( a god4 ,,kasatia-,g,,n?3 ,ty+ ! knot ( ,kasatia1 a v[ obs]v$ 9 ! "n ( ! god ,kasatia4 ,k,,%i3 ,b5>es4 ,k,,?awati3 ,"n ( a tribe4 ,,ka!k>i3 ,a n>rator ( ! leg5ds ( ! gods4 ,k,,?i3 ,"n ( a tribe4 ,k,,tk>i3 ,"n ( a tribe4 ,k,,tl,n3 ,a k9d ( m$ic9al prep>ation4 ,,katy,r3 ,a dagg]4 ,,kaul3 ,! rice1 betelnuts1 etc41 /uck ^u an idol :5 x is consult$4 ,,kaul ,,gh,,lne3 ,to consult a deity by kaul4 ,,kaurava3 ,! patronymic ( ! desc5dants ( ,kuru1 b usually appli$ to ! sons ( ,dhrit>%tra4 ,,kau/ubha3 ,"n ( a celebrat$ gem obta9$ at ! *urn+ ( ! ocean & worn by ,vi%nu4 ,,kavane%w>3 ,a "n ( ,mahdev4 ,k,,ya3 ,body4 ,,k$,r3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,k],,d3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,ke%>3 ,saffron4 ,,ke%ava3 ,a "n ( ,kri%na4 ,,ketu3 ,9 a/ronomy1 ! n9? ( ! planets2 9 my?ology1 a demon4 ,,khabi?3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,khad-,,khadya-,,bes,,dvi3 ,a c]emony p]=m$ by exorci/s to propitiate _! fav\rite goddesses4 ,,khadi3 ,r$ or gre5 e>?4 ,,khaga*>3 ,an ord] ( gho/s roam+ 9 ! sky4 ,,khair3 ,acacia cate*u4 ,,khais3 ,a species ( wat] spirits4 ,,khaj,,da ,,pan?3 ,a sect ( ,h9dus4 ,,kh,,kh>a3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,kh,,khi3 ,a sect ( ,h9dus4 ,,khal3 ,! passage 9 ! ,%ival+a 7phallus ( ,%iva74 ,,khana3 ,a bodice clo?4 ,,kh,,nde ,,pujan3 ,wor%ip ( arms4 ,,kh&],i3 ,a "n ( ! deity ,kh&oba4 ,,kh&oba3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,khanjir3 ,a dagg]4 ,,kh,,p>i3 ,a k9d ( cattle disease4 ,,kh,,prya3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,kh,,rava3 ,a disease ( cattle 9 :i* ! ho(s are affect$4 ,,kh,,rva3 ,a ca/e ( fi%]m5 & sailors or an individual ( x4 ,,kh,,rvi3 ,see ,khrva4 ,,kh,,tale3 ,a cot4 ,,khatri3 ,a ca/e ( weav]s4 ,,khav,s3 ,a ca/e ( ,h9dus4 ,,khavis3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,khetalo3 ,"n ( a snake deity4 ,,khetrva3 ,a field4 ,,khem3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,khi*adi3 ,a prep>ation ( rice & pulse cook$ toge!r4 ,,khijadio3 ,! ,%ami tree1 ,prosopis spicig]a4 ,,khijado3 ,see ,khijadio4 ,,khijado ,m,,mo3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,khili3 ,a peg4 ,,khir3 ,rice cook$ 9 milk & sweet5$ ) sug>4 ,,khit ,,khit3 ,notes ( ! ,p+la bird4 ,,khodi,r ,m,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,khodo3 ,lame4 ,,khodo ,m,,mo3 ,"n ( a m9or deity4 ,,khoja3 ,a class ( ,musalmns4 ,,khokho3 ,an outdoor game play$ 9 ! ,deccan4 ,,khunt9i3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,kidi3 ,an ant4 ,,kilbil3 ,notes ( ! ,p+la bird4 ,,k9kh,b3 ,silk work$ ) gold & silv] fl[]s1 brocade4 ,,k9n>i3 ,an ord] ( semi-div9e be+s4 ,,kir,,ta3 ,a fi%]man4 ,,ki%ord,s3 ,a "n ( ,hanumn4 ,,kodra3 ,punctur$ millet4 ,,kohala3 ,pumpk94 ,,kok,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,kokil3 ,a cuckoo4 ,,kokila ,,vrata3 ,! fe/ival ( cuckoos :i* is held 9 ! mon? ( ,a%dh aft] a lapse ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,,kolamb,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,kolh,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,koli3 ,a primitive tribe ( ,h9dus common 9 ! ,bombay ,presid5cy4 ,,kolo3 ,a jackal4 ,,kolk,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,kolu3 ,cucurbita maxima4 ,,kondi3 ,a k9d ( e>!n pot4 ,,konduri3 ,a prep>ation ( mutton4 ,,kori3 ,a new g>m5t2 an unus$ e>!n j>2 a small silv] co94 ,,ko?ali3 ,reticule4 ,,kotw,l3 ,"n ( an unt\*able ca/e ( ,h9dus4 ,,koyata3 ,a wood bill4 ,,kri%na3 ,! eigh? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu4 ,,kritika3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,kriya ,,bhaud,i3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,k%atriya3 ,! w>rior class1 ! second ( ! f\rfold divisions ( ,manu4 ,,k%etra3 ,a holy place4 ,,k%etrap,l3 ,! gu>dian _s ( fields2 a k9d ( /one4 ,,kub]3 ,! "l ( weal?1 ! reg5t ( ! nor? & ! k+ ( ! ,yak%as & ,k9n>as4 ,,kukad ,,vel3 ,a k9d ( creep]4 ,,kul3 ,a totem2 a clan4 ,,kula-,,devata3 ,family deity4 ,,kula-,,devi3 ,family goddess4 ,,kuladh>ma3 ,a special wor%ip ( ! family god or goddess ( ea* family4 ,,kula?i3 ,a k9d ( corn4 ,,kul]a3 ,a mixture ( :eat1 oat or rice fl\r1 cl>ifi$ butt] & sug> or molasses4 ,,kulk>ni3 ,a village acc\ntant4 ,,kumbha3 ,aqu>ius4 ,,kumbhak>n3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,kumbh,r3 ,a ca/e ( pott]s4 ,,kumbh,,ran3 ,a woman ( ! ,kumbhr ca/e4 ,,kumbhava3 ,"n ( a cattle disease4 ,,kumbhaviv,,ha3 ,m>riage ) an e>!n j>4 ,,kunbi3 ,a cultivator4 ,,kund3 ,a pond2 a pit2 a sacr$ pool4 ,,kundalan3 ,a k9d ( magic circle4 ,,kundali3 ,an a/rological diagram ( ! position ( planets at any p>ticul> "t4 ,,kundalia3 ,a "n ( ,hanumn4 ,,kundi3 ,a %oe-mak]'s e>!n pot4 ,,kunku3 ,r$ p[d]4 ,,kunti3 ,! fir/ wife ( ,p&u4 ,,kupots>ga3 ,digg+ a well = ! b5efit ( ! public--& ab&on+ "o's "r ( own]%ip ov] x4 ,,kuran&i3 ,:eat fl\r lumps us$ 9 ! c]emony ( ! ,bodan4 ,,kuri3 ,an implem5t = s[+ corn4 ,,kurmi3 ,"n ( a wat] nymph4 ,,kuruk%etra3 ,! ext5sive pla9 ne> ,delhi1 ! sc5e ( ! great battle betwe5 ! ,kauravas & ,pndavas4 ,,ku%m,,nd3 ,an ord] ( demi-gods4 ,,kusumba3 ,! dye prep>$ f ! dri$ fl[]s ( ! ,kusumba 7,c>?amus t9ctorius74 ,,kutro3 ,a dog4 ,l4 ,l,,du3 ,a sweet ball4 ,,laghurudra3 ,a rite 9 hon\r ( ! god ,%iva4 ,l,,hya3 ,p>*$ rice4 ,,lak%a*&i3 ,a recitation 9 hon\r ( ! goddess ,prvati4 ,,lak%amana3 ,bro!r ( ,rma4 ,,lak%mi3 ,! goddess ( weal?4 ,l,,la ,,h>dev3 ,"n ( a m9or local deity4 ,l,,lo3 ,"n ( a field deity4 ,l,,lo ,,bhagat3 ,"n ( a sa9t4 ,l,,m&ivo3 ,an iron lamp4 ,,lamlan3 ,a bran* ( black magic4 ,,lanka3 ,ceylon4 ,l,,psi3 ,co>se :eat fl\r fri$ 9 ghi & sweet5$ ) molasses or sug>4 ,,lav5g3 ,clove4 ,l,,vani3 ,a k9d ( ballad3 plantation4 ,l,,wani3 ,plantation4 ,l,,vo3 ,a ,p>asite4 ,l,,vsant3 ,a gho/ ( a wid[4 ,,limdo3 ,a tree1 ,alantas excelsa4 ,,limbo3 ,poison\s4 ,,l+a3 ,phallus4 ,,l+am3 ,see ,l+a4 ,,l+,,yat3 ,an individual ( ! ,l+yat religion ^: *ief object ( wor%ip is ,%iva4 ,,lob,n3 ,olibanum4 ,,lobh,n3 ,inc5se p[d]4 ,,lota3 ,a wat] pot4 ,,luv,,na3 ,a ca/e ( trad]s4 ,,luxmi3 ,see ,lak%mi4 ,m4 ,,ma**5dra ,n,,?3 ,"n ( a sa9t4 ,,ma*hi3 ,"n ( a wat] nymph4 ,m,,*ho3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,ma*hu3 ,see ,m*ho4 ,,madaliun3 ,a holl[ bracelet4 ,,madan3 ,cupid4 ,,madhavi3 ,a village headman4 ,,madhu3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,madhu ,,pavanti3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,madhw,,*,,rya3 ,"n ( a great sa9t :o f\nd$ a sect ( ,vai%navism4 ,,mafat3 ,useless4 ,,mafatio3 ,useless4 ,,mag3 ,a gra91 ,phaseolus mungo4 ,m,,gh3 ,! elev5? mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! f\r? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,,magha3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,maghalo3 ,a lamp ( mud cov]$ ) leaves to repres5t ! god ( ra94 ,,mah,,bh,,rat3 ,"n ( an epic ( ! ,h9dus4 ,,mah,,deva3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,,maha ,,gira3 ,"n ( a m9or deity4 ,,mah,k,,li3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,mah,k,,li ,,nirv,n ,,tantra3 ,"n ( a "w on ,tantric philosophy4 ,,mah,,lak%mi3 ,"n ( a goddess2 ,"n ( a c]emony 9 :i* ! goddess is wor%ipp$ on ! eigh? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v94 ,,mah,,laya ,,%r,,ddha3 ,a %rddha p]=m$ 9 ! d>k half ( ,bhdrapad 9 propitiation ( ance/ors4 ,,mah,m,,ri3 ,*ol]a goddess4 ,,mahant3 ,a sa9t4 ,,mah,,puru%3 ,an ord] ( civil spirits4 ,,mah,r3 ,an unclean ca/e ( ,h9dus4 ,,mah,r ,,puru%a3 ,a k9d ( /one4 ,,mah,r,,ja3 ,a t]m ( respectful compellation appli$ to k+s1 religi\s heads1 sa9ts1 etc4 ,,mah,r,,k%asa3 ,a class ( demons4 ,,mah,,rudra3 ,a sacrifice 9 hon\r ( ,%iva4 ,,mah,,raurava3 ,a k9d ( hell4 ,,mah,,%iv>,,tri3 ,! f\rte5? day ( ! d>k half ( ,mgh1 a fa/ day 9 hon\r ( ,%iva4 ,,mah,,tma3 ,a sa9t4 ,,mah,,tmya3 ,greatness4 ,,mahe%a3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,,mahe%v>3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,,mahi3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,mahik,,wati3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,mahodaya3 ,"n ( a fe/ival4 ,,maidan3 ,a pla94 ,,mak>a3 ,capricornus4 ,,mak>i3 ,"n ( a wat] nymph4 ,,makh>3 ,a gaily dress$ up wood5 frame4 ,,maki3 ,maize4 ,m,l,r3 ,a musical mode4 ,,malh,,ri3 ,a "n ( ,k&oba4 ,,mali3 ,r$ lead4 ,m,,li3 ,a ca/e ( g>d5]s or an individual ( x4 ,,mal9da3 ,a sweet prep>ation ( :eat fl\r fri$ 9 ghi4 ,,mal93 ,unclean4 ,,mall,,ri3 ,a "n ( ,kh&oba4 ,m,,lo3 ,a b[]4 ,,mamikula3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,m,,mo3 ,an ord] ( gho/s2 a mat]nal uncle4 ,,manaya3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,m&al3 ,a gr\p4 ,,m&alu3 ,a circle4 ,,m&an ,,mi%ra3 ,"n ( an anci5t s*ol>4 ,,m&ap3 ,a b[]4 ,m,,nda ,,bh>ane3 ,fill+ 9 a magic circle z a protection f spirits4 ,m,,nek-,,/ambha3 ,! auspici\s po/ ( ! m>riage b[]4 ,m,,ng3 ,an unclean ca/e ( ! ,h9dus4 ,m,,ng,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,mangal3 ,m>s4 ,,mangal-,,g\ri3 ,a c]emony p]=m$ by m>ri$ girls = five successive ye>s on e ,tuesday ( ! mon? ( ,%rvan4 ,,mangal,,rati3 ,mov+ a light$ lamp r\nd an idol4 ,,mangalsutra3 ,! lucky ?read worn by m>ri$ wom54 ,,mani3 ,a jewel2 "n ( a deity4 ,,manidh>3 ,a snake4 ,,mani ,,malla3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,m,,nk>i3 ,! p]son entitl$ to c]ta9 hon\rs & pres5ts at village assemblies4 ,,mankoda3 ,a black ant4 ,m,,nsa ,,khavanti3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,mantra3 ,an incantation2 a magic spell4 ,,mantra-,,%,,/ra3 ,! sci5ce ( incantations4 ,,mantri3 ,an exorci/4 ,m,,ntrik3 ,an exorci/4 ,,manu%ya*>3 ,an ord] ( gho/s mov+ among m54 ,m,,ran3 ,a bran* ( black magic4 ,m,,rga3 ,a pa?2 c\rse4 ,,m>g,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,m,,rga%ir%a3 ,! n9? mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! second mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,,m>gi3 ,a sect ( ,h9dus4 ,,m>gi ,,pan?i3 ,a foll[] ( ! ,m>gi sect4 ,,m>i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,m>i*i3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,m>iyun3 ,a c]emony = driv+ away insects4 ,,m>vo3 ,m>joram4 ,,masur3 ,l5til4 ,,masida3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,m,,ta3 ,a goddess4 ,m,t,,ji3 ,see ,mta4 ,m,,ta ,,a%tami3 ,! eigh? day ( ! nav>tra4 ,m,,t>i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,ma?3 ,a mona/]y4 ,m,,?bh,,ji3 ,a k9d ( gre5 vegetable4 ,m,,ti3 ,e>?4 ,m,,trika3 ,a "m2 an ord] ( semi-div9e be+s4 ,m,,uli3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,maunya ,,vrata3 ,a v[ ( sil5ce4 ,m,,vadi3 ,gho/ ( a woman dy+ ) c]ta9 desires unfulfill$4 ,m,,ya3 ,illusion4 ,m,y,,ka3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,m$a3 ,m>r[4 ,,m$9i3 ,! e>?4 ,,megh3 ,a cl\d4 ,,megh>,,ja3 ,! god ( ra9s4 ,,meghladdu3 ,a sweet ball ( :eat fl\r fri$ 9 ghi4 ,,mehulo3 ,see ,maghalo4 ,,mekail3 ,"n ( an angel4 ,,meladi3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,meldi3 ,see ,meladi4 ,,meli ,,vidya3 ,sacrilegi\s art4 ,,m5a3 ,a k9d ( bird4 ,,m]u3 ,"n ( a my?ological m\nta94 ,,me%a3 ,aries4 ,,mh,,lsa3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,mh,,rj,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,mh>loba3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,mha%ya3 ,a species ( wat] spirits4 ,,mhasoba3 ,"n ( a village deity2 "l ( gho/s4 ,,miana3 ,a class ( ,musalmns4 ,,m9a3 ,pisces4 ,,m9dhal3 ,a k9d ( fruit4 ,,miri3 ,p>ticle4 ,,mi?un3 ,gem9i4 ,,miyali3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,mobh>a3 ,a holl[ /one us$ = ?re%+ corn4 ,,mo*i3 ,a ca/e ( %oe-mak]s4 ,,mo*9i3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,mogri3 ,rat-tail$ raddi%4 ,,mohan3 ,a bran* ( black magic4 ,,moh9i3 ,a fasc9at+ woman4 ,,moh>o3 ,! /one f\nd 9 ! head ( ! snake4 ,,mohor3 ,see ,moh>o4 ,,mok%a3 ,salvation4 ,,molani3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,mot,,kat3 ,"n ( a v[4 ,,mor3 ,a peacock4 ,,moria3 ,an e>!n b[l4 ,,mot ,m,,vali3 ,"m ,m>y4 ,,motudukh3 ,a k9d ( cattle disease4 ,,mova ,,kh>ava3 ,"n ( a cattle disease4 ,,mrig3 ,a de]2 "n ( a con/ellation4 ,,mrig,,nka3 ,! moon4 ,,mriga ,,ton*ana3 ,! moon4 ,,mrityunjaya3 ,"n ( an incantation4 ,,mu*kund3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,muj,,v>3 ,a sweep] ( a mosque dev\tly or pi\sly fix$ to x4 ,,mukti3 ,salvation4 ,,mul3 ,"n ( a />4 ,,mulo3 ,raddi%4 ,,munda3 ,a k9d ( w9d4 ,,munge%w> ,,mah,,dev3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,,mungi ,m,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess2 dumb "m4 ,,munja3 ,_s ( ,brhman boy :o dies imm$iately aft] 8 ?read c]emony4 ,,murali3 ,a flute4 ,,murdunga3 ,tab\r4 ,,murli3 ,see ,murali4 ,,musal3 ,a rice p\nd]4 ,,mu?3 ,! fi/4 ,,mu? ,m,,rane3 ,?r[+ ( a h&ful ( rice ov] :i* incantations h be5 repeat$2 s5d+ a bewit*$ lemon to a p]son to :om a disease is to be transf]r$ or :o is to be kill$4 ,,muva-,,ke%ibi3 ,a k9d ( cattle disease4 ,n4 ,n,,*ani3 ,a k9d ( gra94 ,n,d,,pudi3 ,a col\r$ cord ) a small p>cel conta9+ inc5se1 r$ p[d]1 etc4 ,n,d,s,,di3 ,a cord & a robe4 ,n,g3 ,a snake2 a species ( semi-div9e be+s half m5 half s]p5ts 9 =m4 ,n,,ga3 ,see ,ng4 ,n,,gabali3 ,a propitiatory (f]+ to snakes4 ,n,,g>3 ,a ca/e ( ,brhmans f\nd 9 ,guj>t4 ,n,,g*,,mfa3 ,a fl[] tree1 ,alp9ia mutans4 ,n,,gdev3 ,! snake god4 ,n,,gkanya3 ,a snake girl4 ,n,g ,,kes>3 ,messua ,f]rea4 ,n,,gmaga3 ,a class ( begg>s :o wor%ip ! snake4 ,n,,gn,,?3 ,"n ( a snake deity4 ,n,g ,,pan*ami3 ,! fif? day ( ! bright half ,%rvan1 a holiday 9 hon\r ( ! snake deity4 ,n,,g3 ,%ameless4 ,n,,goba3 ,! snake deity4 ,n,,gvel3 ,a k9d ( creep]4 ,,naiv$ya3 ,an (f]+ ( "s eatable to an idol4 ,,nak%atra3 ,a />2 a con/ellation4 ,,nala3 ,"n ( a my?ological k+4 ,n,,lpir3 ,"n ( a pir or ,mahom$an sa9t4 ,n,l ,s,,heb3 ,a famili> "n = ! be>]1 9 ! ,muh>am1 ( ! ,tabut-pole :i* t]m9ates at ! top 9 a nl or horse-%oe memb]4 ,,naman3 ,oil p\r$ ov] ! image ( ,hanumn4 ,,namask,r3 ,rev]5tial or respectful address or salutation4 ,,n&a3 ! adoptive fa!r ( ,kri%na4 ,,n&>,j3 ,"n ( a my?ological k+4 ,,n&i3 ,a bull4 ,n,,ndi ,,%r,,ddha3 ,a ,%rddha to ! manes1 prelim9>y to any joy\s occasion4 ,n,,no3 ,small4 ,,nao ,,n>as+3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,n>a3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,n,,rad ,,muni3 ,"n ( a div9e sage4 ,,n>ak3 ,hell4 ,,n>ak-,,*aturda%i3 ,! f\rte5? day ( ! d>k half ( ,a%v94 ,n,,rali ,,paurnima3 ,! cocoanut holiday1 ! fifte5? day ( ! bright half ( ,%rvan4 ,,n>asimha3 ,an inc>nation ( ,vi%nu 9 ! =m ( half lion half man4 ,n,r,,yan3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,n,r,,yana ,,bali3 ,a sacrifice 9 propitiation ( evil spirits4 ,n,r,,yan ,,kava*3 ,a hymn 9 hon\r ( ,vi%nu4 ,n,r,,yan ,n,,gabali3 ,a k9d ( (f]+4 ,n,,rel-,,purnima3 ,see ,nrali ,paurnima4 ,,n>gudikalpa3 ,a k9d ( m$ic9al prep>ation4 ,,n>kya ,,uda3 ,a k9d ( inc5se4 ,,n>s9ha3 ,see ,n>asimha4 ,,n>s9ha ,,mehta3 a celebrat$ sa9t ( ,guj>t4 ,n,,tak3 ,a drama4 ,,na?u3 ,ti$4 ,,nava*&i3 ,"n ( a sacrifice4 ,,navagraha3 ,! n9e planets4 ,,navagraha%,,nti3 ,a c]emony 9 propitiation ( ! n9e planets4 ,,navak,d,n3 ,gift ( a %ip4 ,,naval-,,devi3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,navamu?ium3 ,a prep>ation ( n9e h&fuls ( :eat4 ,,nav>,,tra3 ,! fir/ n9e days ( ! mon? ( ,a%v9 held sacr$ to ,durga4 ,,navat]i3 ,a game ( n9e & ?irte54 ,,nehado3 ,a hamlet ( ,bh>vds or %eph]ds4 ,,ni>3 ,a k9d ( rice gr[n )\t pl\gh+4 ,,nilots>ga3 ,a k9d ( ,%rddha4 ,,nilotsava3 ,see ,nilp>vn4 ,,nilp>v,n3 ,a c]emony 9 propitiation ( ! spirits ( deceas$ ance/ors4 ,,nirgudi3 ,a k9d ( plant4 ,,nirmala3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,nol ,,vel3 ,a k9d ( creep]4 ,,nris9ha ,,mantra3 ,an incantation 9 hon\r ( ,nris9ha4 ,,ny,,sa3 ,ge/ure4 ,o4 ,,oghad3 ,a fool4 ,,ok>9u3 ,vomitt+2 a k9d ( %eep disease4 ,,olo3 ,a species ( birds4 ,,omk,r ,,m&h,,ta3 ,"n ( a god4 ,p4 ,p,,d3 ,a he-buffalo4 ,p,,duka3 ,impressions ( feet on /ones4 ,,padval3 ,snake-g\rd4 ,,padwal3 ,see ,padval4 ,,pajusan3 ,a holiday ( ,ja9s4 ,,palas3 ,a tree1 ,butea frondosa4 ,,palejatra3 ,a c]emony p]=m$ at ! s[+ season4 ,,pale ,,m>ad3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,p,,lio3 ,a pill>4 ,a tomb erect$ on ! grave ( a p]son :o dies on a field ( battle4 ,,palus3 ,see palas4 ,p,n3 ,a betel leaf4 ,,pan*ak3 ,gr\p+ ( con/ellations la/+ = five days4 ,,pan*,,k%>i3 ,an exorci/4 ,,pan*,,mrita3 ,a mixture ( milk1 curds1 sug>1 ghi & honey4 ,,pan*>atna3 ,five k9ds ( preci\s ?+s1 viz41 gold1 silv]1 copp]1 coral & pe>ls4 ,,pan*,,yatan3 ,! five deities1 ,%iva1 ,vi%nu1 ,surya1 ,ganpati & ,devi4 ,,pan*-,,deva3 ,see ,pan*yatan4 ,,pan*gavya3 ,a mixture ( ! five products ( ! c[4 ,,pan*opa*,r3 ,! pres5t+ 9 oblation to an idol ( five articles4 ,p,,ndava3 ,a t]m appli$ to ! five sons ( ,p&u4 ,,p&h>3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,p&it3 ,a s*ol>4 ,p,,ndhri3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,p,,ngal-,,devi3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,panoti3 ,c]ta9 peculi> conjunctions ( planets2 "n ( a goddess4 ,p,,pad3 ,waf] biscuits4 ,,p>adi3 ,a disease-sc>+ basket2 a basket4 ,,p>ak,y,,prave%3 ,ent]+ ! body ( ano!r4 ,,p>a%u3 ,an axe4 ,,p>de%i3 ,a t]m appli$ to m5 f ,upp] ,india1 usually l[ ca/e4 ,,p>janya3 ,ra94 ,,p>janya-,,%,,nti3 ,a c]emony p]=m$ to secure ra9fall4 ,,p>m,r3 ,a clan ( ,rajputs4 ,p,,ro3 ,a k9d ( /one4 ,p,,r%ad ,,vaikun?a3 ,"n ( a heav5ly region4 ,p,,r?i%w>3 ,"l ( ! e>?2 a god4 ,p,,rvati3 ,! consort ( ,%iva4 ,,p>wani3 ,a fe/ival4 ,,pa%u*>3 ,an ord] ( gho/s mov+ among bea/s4 ,,pa%upat,,ka3 ,a weapon ( ,%iva4 ,,pa/ana3 ,! be+ dispos$ = use--vessels1 etc4 = idol wor%ip4 ,p,t3 ,a l[ wood5 /ool2 m>riage ) a wid[4 ,p,t,l3 ,! ne!r _w4 ,p,,?a3 ,recitation4 ,p,,til3 ,a village headman4 ,,patit-,p,,van3 ,purifi] ( ! fall54 ,,patka3 ,a head sc>f4 ,p,,tla3 ,a l[ wood5 /ool4 ,p,t ,l,,vane3 ,to m>ry a wid[4 ,,paur,,nic3 ,z prescrib$ 9 ! purnas4 ,,pau%3 ,! t5? mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! ?ird mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,p,,vaiya3 ,a sect ( goddess wor%ipp]s4 ,p,,vte3 ,a k9d ( gra94 ,,p$he3 ,a k9d ( sweets4 ,,p$i3 ,a small heap or lpsi4 ,,peesa3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,p5da3 ,a k9d ( sweets4 ,,pettod3 ,a k9d ( cattle disease4 ,,ph,,lgun3 ,! twelf? mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! fif? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,,phanas3 ,! jack fruit4 ,,pidh,n ,,rati3 ,! c]emony ( sub/itut+ night ornam5ts on an idol = ! co/ly ornam5ts ( ! day4 ,,piludi3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,p9d3 ,a rice ball4 ,,p9da3 ,see ,p9d4 ,,p+la3 ,a species ( birds4 ,,p9j>3 ,r$ p[d]4 ,,pipal3 ,a tree1 ,ficus religiosa4 ,,pipale%w> ,,mah,,dev3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,,pir3 ,a ,muhammadan "n = a sa9t4 ,,piras ,,pipalo3 ,!spesia populwa4 ,,pi%,,*a3 ,an evil _s4 ,,pit>3 ,a _s ( a deceas$ ance/or4 ,,pi?i3 ,turm]ic p[d]4 ,,pitp,,pdo3 ,glossoc>di ,boswellia4 ,,pitra3 ,manes4 ,,pitri3 ,an ance/ral _s4 ,,pitri ,,%r,,ddha3 ,a ,%rddha 9 propitiation ( ! ance/ral spirits4 ,,pitrriya3 ,a deceas$ ance/or4 ,,pitru ,,pak%a3 ,manes' =tnight1 ! d>k half ( ! mon? ( ,bhdrapad4 ,,pohor3 ,a measure ( "t equal to ?ree h\rs4 ,,polio3 ,holl[4 ,,polo3 ,holl[4 ,,pondh>3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,popat3 ,a p>rot4 ,,po%i3 ,a class ( *udels1 an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,po?ia3 ,an exorci/2 ! bull ( ,%iva4 ,,po?io3 ,a bull4 ,,pr,,*etas3 ,a patronymic ( ,manu4 ,,pradak%9a3 ,circumambulation4 ,,prado%a3 ,! ?irte5? day ( ! d>k half ( a mon?4 ,,pralh,d3 ,! son ( ! demon ,hiranyaka%ipu4 ,he 0 a great devotee ( ,vi%nu4 ,,pralamb,,sur3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,pr,,na3 ,life4 ,,pr,,na-,,poka3 ,dea? wail4 ,,pras,d3 ,consecrat$ food4 ,,pra/h,,na3 ,see ,pa/ana4 ,,prat,b3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,pr,,yas*itta3 ,p5ance4 ,,prayoga3 ,p]=mance2 exp]im5t4 ,,preta3 ,a gobl92 _s ( a p]son dy+ a sudd5 or accid5tal dea?4 ,,pud9a3 ,m5?a ,sativa4 ,,puja3 ,wor%ip4 ,,puj,,ri3 ,a wor%ipp]4 ,,pujya3 ,des]v+ to be wor%ipp$4 ,,pulap3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,pula/ya3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,pun>vasu3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,pund>ik3 ,"n ( a my?ological snake4 ,,punema3 ,! full moon day ( a mon?4 ,,punji3 ,refuse4 ,,punjo3 ,refuse4 ,,puny,,ha ,,wa*an3 ,a p>ticul> c]emony p]=m$ on fe/ive occasions4 ,,punya ,,/h,,na3 ,a holy place4 ,,punya ,,ti?i3 ,! dea? anniv]s>y ( a ,sanysi or sa9t4 ,,pur,n3 ,! "n ( a c]ta9 class ( sacr$ books ascrib$ to ,vysa & conta9+ ! :ole body ( ,h9du my?ology4 ,,purbhaya3 ,a t]m appli$ to p]sons f ,upp] ,india4 ,,purn,,huti3 ,an (f]+ into ! fire ( a h&ful ( rice1 ghi1 cocoanuts & "s o!r articles4 ,,purnima3 ,see ,paurnima4 ,,purna ,,ti?i3 ,a complete day4 ,,puru%ottam3 ,int]cal>y mon?4 ,,purv,,bh,,drapada3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,purv-,f,,lguni3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,purvaja3 ,an ance/or4 ,,purv,,%,,dha3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,pu%k>3 ,"n ( a snake4 ,,pu%ya3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,r4 ,,rab,,ri3 ,a ca/e ( %eph]ds4 ,r,,dha3 ,a man dress$ 9 woman's clo!s z a danc]2 "n ( a swee!>t ( ,kri%na4 ,,radio3 ,cry+4 ,r,,fda3 ,a k9d ( jujube tree4 ,,ragatio3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,r,,hu3 ,a demon ) ! tail ( a dragon ^: head 0 sev]$ f 8 body by ,vi%nu4 ,! head & tail1 reta9+ _! sep>ate exi/5ce1 7 transf]r$ to ! planet>y heav5s1 & became1 ! fir/1 ! eigh? planet1 & ! second 7,ketu7 ! n9?4 ,,ra9,,devi3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,r,j,h3 ,a k+4 ,r,,jayajna3 ,a k9d ( sacrifice4 ,r,,jb,i ,m,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,r,,jbhog ,,arati3 ,! c]emony ( (f]+ da9ties & cook$ food to ! gods4 ,,rajput,,ni3 ,wife ( a ,rajput2 a ,rajput woman4 ,r,,khadi3 ,a piece ( silk ?read4 ,,rakhev,,lio3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,r,,k%asa3 ,a demon4 ,r,,la3 ,panic se$4 ,r,,le3 ,panic se$4 ,,ramala%,,/ra3 ,! sci5ce ( div9+ by means ( figures or l9es & dice4 ,r,,manavami3 ,! n9? day ( ! bright half ( ,*aitra celebrat$ z ! bir? day ( ,rma4 ,r,m,,nuja3 ,"n ( a great sa9t & philosoph] :o f\nd$ a sect ( ,vai%navism4 ,r,m,,yana3 ,an epic poem by ,vlmiki describ+ ! exploits & adv5tures ( ,rma4 ,r,,m*&ra3 ,a "n ( ,rma4 ,r,,me%w>3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,r,,mn,,?3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,r,,ndal3 ,"n ( a goddess :o presides ov] *ild-bir?4 ,r,,ndhan ,,*he?a3 ,! cook+ six?1 ! six? day ( ! d>k half ( ,%rwan4 ,,rangpan*ami3 ,! fif? day ( ! d>k half ( ,phlgun on :i* col\r$ wat] is ?r[n4 ,r,,njani3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,ranna ,,devi3 ,"n ( a goddess :o presides ov] *ild-bir?4 ,r,,no3 ,a ,"l4 ,r,,%i3 ,signs ( ! ,zodiac4 ,,ratanvo ,p,,ro3 ,a k9d ( /one4 ,,ratanwa3 ,a k9d ( sk9 disease4 ,,ra?3 ,a *>riot4 ,,ra?a ,,saptami3 ,! sev5? day ( ! bright half ( ,mgh4 ,,ratna3 ,a jewel4 ,,ratne%w> ,,mah,,deva3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,r,,ul3 ,a ca/e ( ,h9dus or an individual ( x4 ,r,,val3 ,see ,rul4 ,,ravaln,,?3 ,"n ( a _s2 "n ( a village deity4 ,r,,van3 ,"n ( ! demon k+ ( ,lanka or ,ceylon4 ,,ravi3 ,! sun4 ,,rawaln,,?3 ,see ,ravaln?4 ,r,,yan3 ,a tree1 ,mimusops hex&ra4 ,,rekha3 ,a l9e4 ,,rela3 ,a /ream4 ,,revati3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,rewadi3 ,a prep>ation ( sesamum & sug>4 ,,rikta3 ,unfruitful1 inauspici\s4 ,,ri%i ,,pun*ami3 ,! fif? day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapad4 ,,ritu3 ,a season4 ,,roh9i3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,ropani3 ,transplant+4 ,,rot3 ,a loaf prep>$ f eight k9ds ( gra94 ,,rotal3 ,womani%4 ,,rudra3 ,an ord] ( semi-div9e be+s4 ,,rudr,,bhi%eka3 ,! c]emony ( p\r+ wat] 9 a con/ant /ream ov] ! image ( ,%iva = elev5 consecutive days & nights4 ,,rudr,,k%a3 ,a tree sacr$ to ,%iva4 ,eleoc>pus ganitrus4 ,,rudr,,k%a ,m,,la3 ,a ros>y ( #ajh beads ( ! rudrk%a wood4 ,,rudray,g3 ,a sacrifice 9 hon\r ( ! god ,%iva4 ,,rui3 ,a tree1 calotropis gigantea4 ,,rupo3 ,h&some4 ,,rutu3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,rutu%,,nti3 ,! m>riage consummation c]emony4 ,s4 ,,sabha3 ,a meet+4 ,s,d,s,,ti ,,panoti3 ,a panoti ext5d+ ov] sev5 ye>s & a half4 ,s,,dhan3 ,accompli%m5t4 ,s,,dhu3 ,a sa9t4 ,,sag>3 ,a k+ ( ! ,sol> race1 an ance/or ( ,rma4 ,,sah,n3 ,a levigat+ slab4 ,,sahasrabhojan3 ,fe$+ a ?\s& ,brhmans4 ,,sait,n3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,saiy$3 ,a "n = ,musalmns directly desc5d$ f ! ,prophet4 ,,sakh>ado3 ,a k9d ( disease4 ,,sakhotia3 ,"n ( a tree4 ,,sak9i3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,s,,k%i3 ,witness4 ,,sal,m3 ,! ^w us$ 9 salutation by & to ,muhammadans & o!r p n ,h9du4 ,,salbaya3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,sam,,*>i3 ,! dea? anniv]s>y4 ,,sam,,dh3 ,! edifice :i* is erect$ ov] ! burial-place ( a ,sanysi or sa9t2 deep & dev\t m$itation4 ,,sam,,dhi3 ,see ,samdh4 ,,samai3 ,a brass lamp4 ,s,m,,nya ,,puja3 ,ord9>y wor%ip4 ,,samb&ha3 ,_s ( a ,brhman :o dies )\t an heir & ^: fun]al rites h n be5 p]=m$4 ,s,,melu3 ,a log ( wood4 ,s,,mi%ya3 ,ent]+ ! div9e ord]4 ,,sampat ,,%aniw,r3 ,weal?-giv+ ,%aniwr1 a ,saturday 9 ! mon? ( ,%rvan4 ,,samudra3 ,! sea4 ,,samvat3 ,a ye>4 ,,samvats>3 ,a ye>2 ,a p]iod ( ?ree cycles ( tw5ty ye>s ea*1 t is sixty ye>s4 ,,samvats>i3 ,dea? anniv]s>y4 ,s,,mvats>ik ,,%r,,ddha3 ,! ye>ly ,%rddha4 ,,sanatkum>3 ,"o ( ! f\r sons ( ,brahma4 ,,san*al3 ,a k9d ( salt4 ,,s&hya3 ,! morn+1 noon or ev5+ pray]s ( a ,brhman4 ,,s&hya ,,rati3 ,(f]+s ( ,milk1 sug> & cakes to ! gods 9 ! ev5+4 ,,sanip,t3 ,delirium4 ,s,,nkal3 ,a *a94 ,,sank>3 ,a /one4 ,,sanka/i ,,*atur?i3 ,! f\r? lun> day ( e d>k =tnight4 ,,sankr,,nt3 ,transit or passage ( ! sun or a planet f "o sign ( ! zodiac into ano!r4 ,,sankr,,nti3 ,see ,sankrnt4 ,,sany,,si3 ,! ,brhman ( ! f\r? ord]1 ! religi\s m5dicant4 ,,sap9di3 ,! (f]+ ( a ball ( rice1 etc41 to ! _s ( a deceas$ relative1 commonly on ! twelf? day aft] 8 decease4 ,,sapt,,ha3 ,a p]usal or read+ ?r\gh ( a purn or o!r sacr$ book 9 sev5 consecutive days4 ,,sapt,,ha-,p,r,,yan3 ,see ,saptha4 ,,sapta-,,ri%i3 ,ursa ,major 7! sev5 />s ( :i* are suppos$ to be ! sev5 great sa9ts ,m>i*i1 ,atri1 ,angiras1 ,pula/ya4 ,pulaha1 ,kratu & ,vasi%?a47 ,,sapta ,,sani3 ,"n ( an inc>nation4 ,s,,rangdha3 ,a k9d ( fruit4 ,,s>asvati3 ,! goddess ( le>n+4 ,s,,ri3 ,a robe4 ,,s>pa ,b,,ndhane3 ,a process by :i* a snake c be prev5t$ f ent]+ or leav+ a p>ticul> area4 ,,s>vas,,k%i3 ,! obs]v] ( all ?+s4 ,,sat,p3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,sat>s+o3 ,"n ( a gobl94 ,s,,tem3 ,! sev5? day ( ! bright or d>k half ( a mon?4 ,s,,t]i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,s,,?>a3 ,! place 9 ! h\se :]e a corpse is plac$4 ,,sa?ia3 ,an auspici\s figure drawn on ! floor4 ,,satsang3 ,contract ) ! righte\s4 ,,satv,i3 ,"n ( a goddess2 ! gho/ ( a woman4 ,,satya ,n,r,,yan3 ,"n ( a deity2 a v[ ( t "n4 ,,satyaw,n3 ,"n ( a my?ological k+4 ,,saud,,m9i3 ,! lightn+4 ,,saundad3 ,! ,%ami tree1 ,prosopis spicig]a4 ,s,,vaj3 ,a wild animal4 ,,savap,,ti3 ,weigh+ ab\t six p\nds & a qu>t]4 ,,savita3 ,! sun4 ,s,,vitri3 ,a my?ological woman celebrat$ = h] devotion to h] husb&4 ,,sawanek>93 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,s,,w>3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,s,,wk,r3 ,a money-l5d]4 ,s,,vo3 ,sew$4 ,s,,yujja3 ,m]g+ into ! div9e =m4 ,,s]3 ,a measure ( weight4 ,,s]aja3 ,a k9d ( gift4 ,,seva3 ,v]micelli4 ,,sevak3 ,a disciple1 a foll[]4 ,,sevaka3 ,see ,sevak4 ,,%ad,,nada3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,%ak>io3 ,"n ( a cattle disease4 ,,%,,k9i3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,%,,kta ,m,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,%akti3 ,! en]gy or active p[] ( a deity p]sonifi$ z 8 wife2 z ,prvati ( ,%iva4 ,,%aktim,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,%akti-,,pan?i3 ,a foll[] ( ! ,%akti or ,%kta sect t is ^? :o wor%ip a div9e en]gy "u its fem99e p]sonification4 ,,%aktiy,g3 ,a sacrifice 9 hon\r ( ,%akti4 ,,%,,ligr,m3 ,a sacr$ /one suppos$ to repres5t ,vi%nu4 ,,%,,lunki3 ,a species ( s++ birds4 ,,%ani3 ,saturn4 ,,%ang,r ,,arati3 ,! c]emony ( tak+ (f ! idols night g>m5ts & putt+ on o!rs = ! day4 ,,%ank>,,*,,rya3 ,! designation ( ! celebrat$ tea*] ( ! ,v$nt philosophy4 ,,%ank,,sur3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,%ankh,,sur3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,%ankh9i3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,%,,ntanu3 ,a k+ ( ! lun> race :o m>ri$ ,ganga & ,satyavati4 ,,%>,,dian3 ,! d>k half ( ! mon? ( ,bhdrapad4 ,,%,,rang3 ,! b[ ( ,vi%nu4 ,,%>ad ,,punema3 ,! full-moon day ( ,a%v94 ,,%>ad-,,ritu3 ,! ,autumn4 ,,%,,/ra3 ,scripture4 ,,%ata*&i3 ,an incantation 9 hon\r ( ! goddess4 ,,%atanjiva3 ,live = a hundr$ ye>s4 ,,%atat,,raka3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,%at*&i3 ,an incantation 9 hon\r ( ! goddess ,*&i4 ,,%es ,,bh>ane3 ,"n ( a c]emony4 ,,%5dur3 ,r$ lead4 ,,%e% ,n,g3 ,! snake ( "o ?\s& hoods :o supports ! e>?4 ,,%ev>i3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,%ikh&i3 ,amba born z ! daught] ( ,drupada4 ,%e 0 giv5 out to be1 & br\ght up z1 a male *ild4 ,,%ikh>3 ,top4 ,,%ikot>3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,%ili3 ,/ale4 ,,%ili ,s,,tem3 ,! /ale sev5?1 ! sev5? day ( ! d>k half ( ,%rvan4 ,,%ir,,l%et3 ,"n ( an anci5t ,vni or trad] :o became a k+1 & reign$ ?ree & a half ghatika 7a measure ( "t74 ,,%i%ir-,,ritu3 ,! cold season4 ,,%it3 ,! f[l ti$ to ! top ( ! bamboo plant$ 9 ! pit ( ! ,holi fire4 ,,%itala ,,a%taka3 ,a hymn 9 praise ( ! goddess ,%itala4 ,,%ital,i-,,pujan3 ,a holiday obs]v$ by wom54 ,,%ital,,devi3 ,! small-pox goddess4 ,,%itala ,m,,ta3 ,see ,%italdevi4 ,,%ital-,,saptami3 ,see ,%ili ,stem4 ,,%iva3 ,! ?ird god ( ! ,h9du ,tr9ity4 ,,%ivalangi3 ,"n ( a plant4 ,,%iv-,,mu?a3 ,a v[ 9 :i* h&fuls ( corn are (f]$ by m>ri$ girls to ! god ,vi%nu on e ,monday 9 ! mon? ( ,%rvan4 ,,%iv>,,tra3 ,! f\rte5? day ( ! d>k half ( e mon? sacr$ = ! wor%ip ( ,%iva4 ,,%iv>,,tri3 ,see ,%iv>tra4 ,,%iwani3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,%iw>3 ,an (f]+ ( boil$ rice mix$ ) curds2 an (f]+ ( a goat or f[l4 ,,%loka3 ,a /anza1 a v]se4 ,,%oda%opa*,r3 ,! sixte5 ways ( do+ homage4 ,,%oka-,,pagl,n3 ,morn+ foot pr9ts4 ,,%r,,vad3 ,a k9d ( %rub4 ,,%r,,vak3 ,a t]m appli$ to ! memb]s ( ! ,ja9 religion4 ,,%r,,van3 ,! fif? mon? ( ! ,deccani & ! t5? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,,%r,,vani3 ,! c]emony ( r5ew+ ! sacr$ ?read4 ,,%rawana3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,%ri ,,dutta3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,%r+,r ,,rati3 ,see ,%angr rati4 ,,%r+hi3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,%ri ,,satya ,n,r,,yan3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,%uddha3 ,pure2 ! bright half ( a mon?4 ,,%udra3 ,! la/ ( ! f\r-fold divisions ( ,manu4 ,,%ukamuni3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,%ukra3 ,v5us4 ,,siddha3 ,an ord] ( semi-div9e be+s4 ,,siddha ,,puru%a3 ,a magician4 ,,siddhi3 ,accompli%m5t2 ! acquisition ( sup]natural p[]s2 "n ( a wife ( ,ganpati4 ,,siddhi ,,k>an3 ,"n ( a book 9 :i* ,dh>m>ja keeps an acc\nt ( ! good & bad actions ( m54 ,,sidha3 ,uncook$ articles ( food4 ,,sidio3 ,nigro-l4 ,,sikan3 ,a sl+4 ,,sike3 ,a sl+4 ,,sikot>u3 ,see ,sikoturu4 ,,sikoturu3 ,gho/ ( a woman dy+ ) c]ta9 desires unfulfill$4 ,,sim,,nt3 ,! fir/ pregnancy c]emony4 ,,s9dh,v,r3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,s9dur3 ,r$ lead4 ,,s9ha3 ,a lion2 ,leo4 ,,s9hika3 ,! "m ( ,rhu4 ,,sita3 ,! consort ( ,rma4 ,,siwa ,b,,ndhane3 ,b9d+ ! b\nd>y-"n ( a c]emony4 ,,siwo3 ,sewn4 ,,sm,,rta ,,agni3 ,! fire :i* is kept con/antly burn+ & wor%ipp$ dur+ ! ,*turms4 ,,sod-,,munj3 ,! c]emony ( loos5+ ! munja 7/r+7 f ! lo9s ( a ,brhman4 ,,solanki3 ,"n ( a clan ( ,rajputs4 ,,sola ,,somv,r-,,vrata3 ,a v[ obs]v$ on sixte5 successive ,mondays4 ,,somapa3 ,"n ( a wat] nymph4 ,,somavati-,,am,v,,sya3 ,! fifte5? day ( ! d>k half ( a mon? fall+ on ,monday4 ,,somaga3 ,"n ( a religi\s c]emony4 ,,soni3 ,a ca/e ( goldsmi?s or an individual ( x4 ,,sorro3 ,sulphuret ( antimony4 ,,so%i3 ,"n ( a class ( *udels4 ,,soval53 ,a silk g>m5t4 ,,sphatika ,,mani3 ,a cry/al /one4 ,,/ambhan3 ,a bran* ( black magic4 ,,/h,,na3 ,locality4 ,,/h,,na-,,deva3 ,a local deity4 ,,/h,,nadevata3 ,see ,/hna-deva4 ,,/h,,pan3 ,in/allation4 ,,sud3 ,! bright half ( a mon?4 ,,sud>%an3 ,see ,sud>%an *akra4 ,,sud>%an ,,*akra3 ,! discus ( ,vi%nu4 ,,sudha3 ,nect>4 ,,sudh,,k>3 ,! moon4 ,,sudyaman3 ,"n ( a my?ological k+4 ,,sugad3 ,a little e>!n vessel4 ,,suk,l3 ,a pl5tiful h>ve/4 ,,sulio3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,suleim,,ni ,p,,ro3 ,a k9d ( /one4 ,,sum>ia ,,gane%3 ,a "n ( ,ganpati4 ,,suna3 ,unoccupi$4 ,,sunaku3 ,a k9d ( cattle disease4 ,,sunk,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,sun?3 ,dry g+]4 ,,supadun3 ,a w9n[+ fan4 ,,sura3 ,liquor4 ,,surakano3 ,twi/$ iron wire4 ,,suran3 ,a morphophallus campalatus 7elephant foot74 ,,surang3 ,a k9d ( tree4 ,,surdhan3 ,gho/ ( a male memb] dy+ ) c]ta9 ( 8 desires unfulfill$4 ,,surmo3 ,see ,sorro4 ,,suropuro3 ,a _s ( "o :o meets dea? on a field ( battle4 ,,surya3 ,! sun4 ,,surya ,,kava*3 ,a hymn 9 hon\r ( ! ,sun4 ,,surya-,,vrat3 ,a v[ 9 hon\r ( ! ,sun4 ,,sutaki3 ,"o c]emonially impure on acc\nt ( ! dea? ( a relative4 ,,sut,r3 ,a ca/e ( c>p5t]s or an individual ( x4 ,,suti3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,suttee3 ,a woman :o burns h]self on ! fun]al pyre ( h] husb&4 ,,suva3 ,an +r$i5t us$ 9 prep>+ spices4 ,,suw>n3 ,gold4 ,,suw,,s9i3 ,an unwid[$ woman4 ,,sw,,mi3 ,a "l1 a t]m appli$ to sa9ts4 ,,sw,,mi ,,mah,r,j3 ,an epi!t ( ,datttraya or ,%ri ,dutta4 ,,sw,,m9,r,,yan3 ,a sect ( ,h9dus4 ,,swapna3 ,a dream4 ,,sw>ga3 ,heav54 ,,swa/ika3 ,a k9d ( my/ical figure4 ,,sw,,ti3 ,"n ( con/ellation4 ,,swayambhu3 ,self-exi/5t4 ,,swayamv>3 ,a maid5's *oice m>riage4 ,t4 ,t,,dia3 ,a fruit ( ! fan-palm4 ,,taduli3 ,! full moon day ( ,a%dh4 ,,tak%ak3 ,"n ( a snake4 ,t,l3 ,a k9d ( cymbal4 ,,talabdia ,,koli3 ,a sub-division ( ! ,koli tribe4 ,,talkh,,mba3 ,a gho/ ( an unm>ri$ ,%udra4 ,t,,li3 ,a plate4 ,,tali ,,bh>ane3 ,a rite p]=m$ 9 hon\r ( ! god ,kh&oba4 ,,talo ,,bhagat3 ,"n ( a great sa9t4 ,,tam,,%a3 ,a div]t+ exhibition2 a %[1 play1 f>ce1 mock-fight1 etc4 ,t,,mhan3 ,a flat sauc]-l metal plate4 ,,tamj,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,tanyatun3 ,lightn+4 ,,tapake%w>3 ,a "n ( ,mahdev4 ,t,r-,b,,ras3 ,! /> twelf?1 ! twelf? day aft] ! dea? ( a p]son4 ,,t>ia ,t,v3 ,p]iodical fev]4 ,,t>pan3 ,an (f]+ ( wat]4 ,t,v3 ,a %eet ( pap]4 ,,tava3 ,a cake fri$ 9 oil 9 a pan4 ,,tavo3 ,flat unleav5$ loaves4 ,,taxami3 ,! gho/ ( a woman dy+ 9 *ild-b$ or m5ses4 ,,?,,korji3 ,a "n = ! ,deity4 ,,?,l3 ,a di%4 ,,?,,na3 ,a /ation4 ,,?,,nak3 ,locality4 ,,?or3 ,a tree4 ,euphoria n]ifolia4 ,,tid3 ,a locu/4 ,,til3 ,sesamum4 ,,tila3 ,! sect>ial m>k made ) col\r$ e>?s or ungu5ts ^u ! =ehead4 ,,tilad3 ,a s++ sp>r[4 ,,t9dot,n3 ,a k9d ( creep]4 ,,tir?a3 ,wat] us$ 9 ba?+ an idol2 a holy place4 ,,tola3 ,a weight am\nt+ to #baj gra9s4 ,,tond ,,bhut3 ,an ord] ( evil spirits4 ,,to%i3 ,a class ( *udels4 ,,trav5i3 ,a conflu5ce ( ?ree riv]s4 ,,tret,,yuga3 ,! second yuga or age accord+ to ! ,h9du scriptures4 ,,trij3 ,! ?ird day ( ! bright or d>k half ( a mon?4 ,,trip9di3 ,a k9d ( ,%rddha4 ,,tripur,,sur3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,tripuri-,,paurnima3 ,! full moon-day ( ,krtik4 ,,tri%anku3 ,"n ( a k+ ( ! ,sol> race4 ,,tri%ul3 ,a trid5t4 ,,tu*aka3 ,a my/ical me?od4 ,,tula3 ,libra4 ,,tulsi-,,vrat3 ,a v[ 9 hon\r ( ! ,tulsi or sweet basil plant4 ,,tulsi3 ,! sweet basil4 ,,tungj,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,turabat3 ,a tomb4 ,u4 ,,ubhi3 ,/&+2 an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,u*,,tan3 ,a bran* ( black magic4 ,,u**,,tan3 ,see ,u*tan4 ,,uda3 ,a species ( wat] spirits4 ,,udak ,,%,,nti3 ,propitiation by wat]4 ,,ujani3 ,a c]emony 9 propitiation ( ! village gods4 ,,ujjani2 ,a fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ! god ,indra4 ,,uk>di3 ,e>? ) :i* ! m>riage alt> is built4 ,,uko3 ,a dung-hill4 ,,uma ,,mahe%3 ,! god ,mahdev & 8 wife ,prvati2 "n ( a v[ 9 hon\r ( !m4 ,,umb>3 ,! ,indian fig tree4 ,,umpi3 ,"n ( a ,ng girl4 ,,un,i ,m,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,und>3 ,a m\se4 ,,unt3 ,a camel4 ,,upadeva3 ,a demi-god4 ,,up,,k>ma3 ,! c]emony ( r5ew+ ! sacr$ ?read4 ,,uras3 ,a fair held 9 hon\r ( a ,mahom$an sa9t4 ,,ut,r3 ,a sacrificial (f]+4 ,,utt,,nap,d3 ,"n ( a my?ological k+4 ,,utt>-,,bh,,drapada3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,utt>-,f,,lguni3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,,utt>,,%,,dha3 ,"n ( a con/ellation4 ,v4 ,v,,c*ado3 ,! _s suppos$ to cure hydrophobia4 ,v,,c*>o3 ,see ,vc*ado4 ,,va*o3 ,ev54 ,,vad3 ,! banyan tree2 ! d>k half ( a mon?4 ,,vad,n3 ,fri$ cakes4 ,,vadh,,vo3 ,odd4 ,,vady,j,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,vag,,dn>3 ,"o :o beats musical in/rum5ts l drums4 ,,vaggaya3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,v,,gh3 ,a tig]4 ,v,,gh,,mb>i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,v,,gh>an3 ,a woman ( ! ,vghri ca/e4 ,v,,ghe%w>i ,m,,ta3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,v,,ghri3 ,a ca/e ( ,h9dus4 ,v,,ghur ,,devi3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,v,,ghvir3 ,! _s ( a p]son kill$ by a tig]4 ,v,,ghya3 ,a male *ild (f]$ to ! god ,kh&oba4 ,,vair,,gi3 ,a recluse4 ,,vai%,,kha3 ,! second mon? ( ! ,deccani ,h9du & ! sev5? mon? ( ! ,guj>t ,h9du cal5d> ye>4 ,,vai%nava3 ,! sect ( ,h9dus devot$ to ,vi%nu4 ,,vai%vadev3 ,an oblation ( boil$ rice into ! fire4 ,,vai%ya3 ,a trad]1 ! ?ird ( ! f\r-fold divisions ( ,manu4 ,,vait,l3 ,an ord] ( demi-gods4 ,,vait,,lika3 ,an att5dant ( ! god ,%iva4 ,,vaivaswat ,,manu3 ,"n ( ! sev5? ,manu n[ reign+4 ,,vajra3 ,adamant4 ,,vajr,b,i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,vajrabattu3 ,a k9d ( bead4 ,,vajramaya3 ,adamant9e4 ,,vajre%w>i3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,vajresw>i3 ,see ,vajre%v>i4 ,,valam3 ,a mock bridegroom 9 ! ,holi fe/ival4 ,,valama ,,valami3 ,a procession ( a mock m>riage 9 ! ,holi fe/ival4 ,,valami3 ,a mock bride 9 ! ,holi fe/ival4 ,v,,l&3 ,a ca/e ( b>b]s or an individual ( x4 ,,valgo ,,sama*>i3 ,dea? anniv]s>y4 ,,vallabh,,*,,rya3 ,a great sa9t & s*ol> :o f\nd$ a sect ( ,vai%navism4 ,,valo3 ,a k9d ( cattle disease4 ,,valu3 ,ecc5tric4 ,v,,ma-,m,,rgi3 ,a foll[] ( ! ,vma-mrga t is a mode ( wor%ip 9 :i* ! idol is wor%ipp$ by ! left h&1 liquor drunk1 etc41 etc4 ,v,,man3 ,a dw>f2 "n ( ! fif? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu4 ,,vana-,,%a/hi3 ,"n ( a ,holiday4 ,,vantri3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,v,,nzi,,pana3 ,b>r5ness4 ,,v>adani3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,v>adhan3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,,v>,h3 ,a bo>4 ,,v>,,ha-,,sanhita3 ,"n ( a book4 ,,v>%-,,ritu3 ,! ra9y season4 ,v,,rul3 ,! :ite ant-hill4 ,v,,sana3 ,desire4 ,,vasantapan*ami3 ,! fif? day ( ! bright half ( ,mgh4 ,,vasant-,,ritu3 ,! spr+4 ,v,,%3 ,an oblation ( rice & sweets (f]$ to cr[s4 ,,va%ik>an3 ,a bran* ( black magic4 ,,va%i%?a3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,v,,/u3 ,a religi\s rite p]=m$ on ent]+ a new h\se4 ,v,,/devata3 ,! gu>dian _s ( dwell+ places4 ,v,,/un3 ,see ,v/u4 ,v,,/upujan3 ,see ,v/u4 ,,vasu3 ,a bull-calf or bull br&$ & set at lib]ty4 ,,vasub,,ras3 ,! twelf? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v94 ,,vasudeva3 ,"n ( ! fa!r ( ,kri%na4 ,,vasu-,,dw,,dasi3 ,see ,vasubras4 ,v,,suki3 ,"n ( a snake4 ,v,,/u ,,%,,nti3 ,see ,v/u4 ,,vata-,s,,vitri ,,vrat3 ,"n ( a v[ obs]v$ by wom5 on ! full moon day ( ,jye%?a4 ,v,,ti3 ,a small metal cup4 ,v,,tki3 ,see ,vti4 ,v,v3 ,a res]voir ( wat]2 a tank4 ,v,,yali3 ,ecc5tric4 ,v,,yu3 ,w9d2 ! deity presid+ ov] ! w9d4 ,v,,yusuta3 ,a "n ( ,mruti4 ,,v$a3 ,"n ( ! scriptures ( ! ,h9dus4 ,,v$atrayi3 ,! ?ree v$as1 ,rik1 ,yajus & ,sma4 ,,v$ha3 ,malign influ5ce4 ,,v$ic3 ,relat+ to ! ,v$as2 z enjo9$ 9 ! ,v$as4 ,,vehala3 ,a tree1 ,bel]ic ,myrobalan4 ,,velan3 ,a /ick4 ,,velo3 ,a creep]4 ,,vet,l3 ,! "l ( gho/s2 "n ( a village deity4 ,,vetras>pa3 ,a cane /ick ) an image ( a snake at its end4 ,,vid-,,sup,,ri3 ,betel nut & leaves4 ,,vidyut3 ,lightn+4 ,,vajay,,da%ami3 ,! t5? day ( ! bright half ( ,a%v94 ,,vijli3 ,lightn+4 ,,vikram3 ,"n ( a k+4 ,,vim,n3 ,a cele/ial c>4 ,,v9,,yak-,,*atur?i3 ,! f\r? day ( ! bright half ( e mon?4 ,,v9*i3 ,a female scorpion4 ,,vir3 ,a male fi5d2 gho/ ( an unm>ri$ ,k%atriya4 ,,vira3 ,an ord] ( gho/s2 "n ( a village deity4 ,,vi%a3 ,poison4 ,,vi%,,kha3 ,"n ( a con/ellation ,,vi%e%a ,,puja3 ,special wor%ip4 ,,vi%i3 ,a cycle ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,,vi%nu3 ,! second god ( ! ,h9du ,tr9ity4 ,,vi%nusahasran,,ma3 ,a book conta9+ ! ?\s& names ( ,vi%nu4 ,,vi%nuy,,ga3 ,a sacrifice 9 hon\r ( ,vi%nu4 ,,vi%otak3 ,"n ( a disease4 ,,vi%v,,mitra3 ,"n ( a sage4 ,,vi%w>upa3 ,t exi/s 9 all =ms1 an epi!t ( ,vi%nu4 ,,vi%we%w>3 ,a "n ( ,%iva4 ,,visw,,ti3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,vi?oba3 ,"n ( a god4 ,,visu*ika3 ,"n ( a *ol]a goddess4 ,,viv,,n*>a3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,vrat3 ,a v[4 ,,vrikod>a3 ,wolf-belli$1 an epi!t ( ,bhima4 ,,vr9da3 ,"n ( ! wife ( ,jal5dh>1 a demon4 ,,vris*ika3 ,scorpion4 ,,vri%abha3 ,taurus4 ,,vritras,r3 ,"n ( a demon4 ,,vrunda3 ,see ,vr9da4 ,,vyatip,t3 ,! sev5te5? ( ! ,a/rological ,yoga 7! tw5ty-sev5? "p ( a circle measur$ on ! plane ( ! ,ecliptic74 ,w4 ,,wad3 ,! banyan tree4 ,w,,di3 ,an enclos$ piece ( mead[-field or g>d5 gr\nd4 ,w,,gh-,b,,ras3 ,! twelf? day ( ,a%v94 ,w,,ghe3 ,male *ildr5 (f]$ to ! god ,kh&oba4 ,w,,ghe%w>i3 ,"n ( a village goddess4 ,w,,ghj,i3 ,"n ( a deity4 ,w,,ghoba3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,w,,jre%w>i3 ,"n ( a village goddess4 ,w,,ghya3 ,"n ( a deity2 a male *ild (f]$ to ! god ,kh&oba4 ,w,,man-,,dw,,da%i3 ,! twelf? day ( ! bright half ( ,bhdrapad4 ,w,,ni3 ,a trad]2 a1 g5]al "n = all ca/es ( trad]s i4e41 banyas4 ,w,,npra/a3 ,a ,brhman 9 ! ?ird ord] ( 8 life2 a h]mit 9 g5]al4 ,w,,rul3 ,an ant-hill4 ,,wata3 ,! ,banyan tree4 ,,wata-,,paurnima3 ,! fall moon day ( ,jye%?a4 ,,wuda3 ,inc5se4 ,y4 ,,yadna3 ,see ,yajna4 ,,yadnopavit3 ,! sacr$ ?read worn by ,brhmans4 ,,yadnya3 ,see ,yajna4 ,,yajam,n3 ,a ho/2 a p]son p]=m+ a sacrifice4 ,,yajna3 ,a sacrifice4 ,,yak%a3 ,a class ( demi-gods1 att5dant on ,kub]a & employ$ 9 gu>d+ 8 treasures4 ,,yak%9i3 ,a female ,yak%a2 a fairy4 ,,yallamma3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,yama3 ,! ,god ( dea?4 ,,yamaduta3 ,a mess5g] ( ! god ( dea?4 ,,yamaghanta3 ,a ,yog or conjunction ( times1 viz41 a ,sunday fall+ ^u ! second day ( ! bright or d>k half ( a mon?2 a ,friday fall+ ^u ! ?ird lun> day1 etc41 etc4 ,,yamaloka3 ,! region ( ,yama4 ,,yamapuri3 ,! city ( ! god ( dea?4 ,,yantra3 ,a my/ical =mula or diagram4 ,,yoga3 ,religi\s & ab/ract m$itation4 ,,yoga ,m,,rga3 ,! pa? ( m$itation4 ,,yoga-,,sutra3 ,"n ( a "w by ,ptanjali conta9+ aphorisms ( ! sci5ce ( ,yoga4 ,,yogav,,%i/ha3 ,"n ( a "w on philosophy4 ,,yojan3 ,a measure ( di/ance equal to eight miles4 ,,yudhi%?ir3 ,an epi!t ( ,dh>ma1 ! elde/ ( ! ,pndava bro!rs4 ,z4 ,z,,mh,,di3 ,a female _s gu>d+ ! village gates4 ,,zampahadi3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,zanz>ka3 ,"n ( a goddess4 ,,zanzira3 ,a k9d ( magic incantation4 ,z,r3 ,fev]4 ,,z>m,n ,,z>v,n3 ,a c]emony 9 :i* a woman fet*es wat] = ! fir/ "t aft] deliv]y4 ,,zilake%w>3 ,a "n ( ,mahdeva4 ,,z9i3 ,small4 ,,zod3 ,an ord] ( gho/s4 ,,notes #a ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,pal%et1 ,ratngiri4 #b ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,adiv>e1 ,ratngiri4 #c ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p>ule1 ,ratngiri4 #d ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhnele1 ,ratngiri4 #e ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,rjpur1 ,ratngiri4 #f ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #g ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mld1 ,?na4 #h ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,%ahpur1 ,?na4 #i ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dasgaum1 ,kolba4 #aj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #aa ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,akola1 ,kolba4 #ab ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poladpur1 ,kolba4 #ac ,^! twelve names are3--#a ,mitra1 #b ,ravi1 #c ,surya1 #d ,bhanu1 #e ,khaga1 #f ,pu%ne1 #g ,hiranyag>bha1 #h ,m>i*i1 #i ,aditya1 #aj ,savita1 #aa ,arka1 #ab ,bhask]4 #ad ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,phonde4 #ae ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dev>ukh4 #af ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p>ule4 #ag ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anjur4 #ah ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vas9d4 #ai ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mld4 #bj #cc1jjj1jjjj demons are said to be born e day to imp$e ! j\rney ( ! ,sun4 #ba ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mld4 #bb ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla4 #bc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,padaghe4 #bd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #be ,! *urn+ h&le or rod is call$ 9 ,m>?i ,ravi1 :i* is "o ( ! names ( ! ,sun4 #bf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,nev>e1 ,ratngiri4 #bg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #bh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhanele1 ,ratngiri4 #bi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p5dhur1 ,mlvan1 ,ratngiri4 #cj ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla4 #ca ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,*auk1 ,k>jat1 ,kolba4 #cb ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,*auk1 ,k>jat1 ,kolba4 #cc ,ro ,sheb ,%elke4 #cd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,malgund1 ,ratngiri4 #ce ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,phonde1 ,ratngiri4 #cf ,ro ,shib ,%elke4 #cg ,9 ! ,konkan ! ,navnna ,purnima or full moon day ( new food is obs]v$ 9 ! mon? ( ,a%v9a4 ,?is is1 no d\bt1 due to ! diff]5ce 9 ! season ( ! h>ve/4 #ch ,ro ,sheb ,%elke4 #ci ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ibrmpur4 #dj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,gaumkhadi1 ,rjpur4 #da ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,adiv>e1 ,rjpur4 #db ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dbhol1 ,ratngiri4 #dc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ratngiri4 #dd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,v5gurla4 #de ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ratngiri4 #df ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,murbd4 #dg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vs9d1 ,shpur4 #dh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,wda4 #di ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,edwan1 ,mhim4 #ej ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kalyn1 ,no4 #a & ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,padaghe1 ,bhiw&i4 #ea ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*idhran1 ,kolba4 #eb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poldpur4 #ec ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #ed ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anjur1 ,?na4 #ee ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #ef ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poldpur4 #eg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poldpur1 ,kolba4 #eh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #ei ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #fj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p5dur1 ,mlvan1 ,ratngiri4 #fa ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #fb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #fc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,malgund1 ,ratngiri4 #fd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,v5gurla4 #fe ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #ff ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #fg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #fh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #fi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #gj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #ga ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #gb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mlgund1 ,ratngiri4 #gc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #gd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #ge ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #gf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #gg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #gh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bndivade1 ,budruk1 ,ratngiri4 #gi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p5dur1 ,ratngiri4 #hj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anj>le1 ,ratngiri4 #ha ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #hb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p5dur1 ,ratngiri4 #hc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,rjpur1 ,ratngiri4 #hd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,adiv>e1 ,ratngiri4 #he ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #hf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,khetwadi1 ,a4,v4 ,s*ool1 ,bombay4 #hg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,khetwadi1 ,a4,v4 ,s*ool1 ,bombay4 #hh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,padaghe1 ,?na4 #hi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poldpur1 ,kolba4 #ij ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,masure1 ,ratngiri4 #ia ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kl%e1 ,ratngiri4 #ib ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vijayadurg1 ,ratngiri4 #ic ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhanele1 ,ratngiri4 #id ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #ie ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhanele1 ,ratngiri4 #if ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhanele1 ,ratngiri4 #ig ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dev>ukh1 ,ratngiri4 #ih ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhanele1 ,ratngiri4 #ii ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p5dur1 ,ratngiri4 #ajj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #aja ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhanele1 ,ratngiri4 #ajb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,nav>e1 ,ratngiri4 #ajc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,adiv>e1 ,ratngiri4 #ajd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,malgund1 ,ratngiri4 #aje ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kankavli1 ,ratngiri4 #ajf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhanele1 ,ratngiri4 #ajg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #ajh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #aji ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,rai1 ,?na4 #aaj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,badlapur1 ,?na4 #aaa ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mokhada1 ,?na4 #aab ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #aac ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kasu1 ,kolba4 #aad ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vavasi1 ,kolba4 #aae ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #aaf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vavanje1 ,kolba4 #aag ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,nev>e1 ,ratngiri4 #aah ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kasba1 ,sangame%w>1 ,ratngiri4 #aai ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,adiv>e1 ,ratngiri4 #abj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p5dhur1 ,ratngiri4 #aba ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dev>ukh1 ,ratngiri4 #abb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mlgund1 ,ratngiri4 #abc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ratngiri4 #abd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vijayadurg1 ,ratngiri4 #abe ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*iplun1 ,ratngiri4 #abf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kankava1 ,ratngiri4 #abg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,masure1 ,ratngiri4 #abh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*iplun1 ,ratngiri4 #abi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,khetwadi1 ,a4,v4,s41 ,bombay4 #acj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anjur1 ,?na4 #aca ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,rai1 ,?na4 #acb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,%ahpur1 ,?na4 #acc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bhuvan1 ,?na4 #acd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #ace ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vavanje1 ,kolba4 #acf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,akol1 ,kolba4 #acg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p5dur1 ,ratngiri4 #ach ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kasba1 ,sangame%w>1 ,ratngiri4 #aci ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhanele1 ,ratngiri4 #adj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,masure1 ,ratngiri4 #ada ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #adb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*iplun1 ,ratngiri4 #adc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anjur1 ,?na4 #add ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,v>sai1 ,kolba4 #ade ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #adf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,v>sai1 ,kolba4 #adg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poldpur1 ,kolba4 #adh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #adi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*iplun1 ,ratngiri4 #aej ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,palspot1 ,ratngiri4 #aea ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p5dur1 ,ratngiri4 #aeb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,murbd1 ,?na4 #aec ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bhuvan1 ,?na4 #aed ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ratngiri4 #aee ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,phonde1 ,ratngiri4 #aef ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,wanhavli1 ,ratngiri4 #aeg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bndivade1 ,budruk1 ,ratngiri4 #aeh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhanele1 ,ratngiri4 #aei ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,masure1 ,ratngiri4 #afj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #afa ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #afb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #afc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,masure1 ,ratngiri4 #afd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #afe ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #aff ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,malgund1 ,ratngiri4 #afg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dev>ukh1 ,ratngiri4 #afh ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #afi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,murbd1 ,?na4 #agj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mld1 ,?na4 #aga ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anjur1 ,?na4 #agb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,wda1 ,?na4 #agc ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #agd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anjur1 ,?na4 #age ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,saloli1 ,?na4 #agf ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #agg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,k9havali1 ,?na4 #agh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ri1 ,?na4 #agi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,khativali1 ,?na4 #ahj ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #aha ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,murbd1 ,?na4 #ahb ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #ahc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bhuvan1 ,?na4 #ahd ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,wda1 ,?na4 #ahe ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,%hpur1 ,?na4 #ahf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poldpur1 ,kolba4 #ahg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #ahh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,wavasi1 ,kolba4 #ahi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,v>sai1 ,kolba4 #aij ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,khopoli1 ,kolba4 #aia ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,wavasi1 ,kolba4 #aib ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #aic ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #aid ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,akol1 ,kolba4 #aie ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vavasi1 ,kolba4 #aif ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #aig ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bndivade1 ,budruk1 ,ratngiri4 #aih ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mlgund1 ,ratngiri4 #aii ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #bjj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dahnu1 ,?na4 #bja ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #bjb ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #bjc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,umb>gaum1 ,?na4 #bjd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #bje ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #bjf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,akol1 ,kolba4 #bjg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,sasawane1 ,kolba4 #bjh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #bji ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #baj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mlvan1 ,ratngiri4 #baa ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anj>le1 ,ratngiri4 #bab ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kankavli1 ,ratngiri4 #bac ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,phonde1 ,ratngiri4 #bad ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*iplun1 ,ratngiri4 #bae ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,nev>e1 ,ratngiri4 #baf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ratngiri4 #bag ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #bah ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bndivade1 ,budruk1 ,ratngiri4 #bai ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mlvan1 ,ratngiri4 #bbj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dbhol1 ,ratngiri4 #bba ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #bbb ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #bbc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,murbd1 ,?na4 #bbd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dahnu1 ,?na4 #bbe ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,padaghe1 ,?na4 #bbf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ngo?ane1 ,kolba4 #bbg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,akol1 ,kolba4 #bbh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #bbi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,apte1 ,kolba4 #bcj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,khetwadi1 ,a4,v4,s41 ,bombay4 #bca ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mlvan1 ,ratngiri4 #bcb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mlgund1 ,ratngiri4 #bcc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #bcd ,two e>!n pots ti$ face to face1 "o ( :i* conta9+ "s corn & r$ & yell[ p[d]s4 #bce ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #bcf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,malgund1 ,ratngiri4 #bcg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mlvan1 ,ratngiri4 #bch ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhanele1 ,ratngiri4 #bci ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anjur1 ,?na4 #bdj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,badlapur1 ,kalyn4 #bda ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bhuvan1 ,?na4 #bdb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bhuvan1 ,?na4 #bdc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,tale1 ,s*ool ,no4 ,i1 ,kolba4 #bdd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poldpur1 ,kolba4 #bde ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dev>ukh1 ,ratngiri4 #bdf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,badlapur1 ,?na4 #bdg ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #bdh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #bdi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,nev>e1 ,ratngiri4 #bej ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #bea ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,?na4 #beb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kolba4 #bec ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,khetwadi1 ,bombay4 #bed ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,devgad1 ,ratngiri4 #bee ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kama?ipura1 ,bombay4 #bef ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ws9d1 ,?na4 #beg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,umela1 ,?na4 #beh ,! ,h9dus believe t !re are sev5 h]oes :o c nev] die1 i4e41 #a ,a%wat?ma1 #b ,bali1 #c ,vysa1 #d ,hanumn1 #e ,bibh%ana1 #f ,krip*rya & #g ,p>a%urm4 ,! ,sanskrit text is3-- ,,a%vat?ama ,,balirvyaso ,,hanumanto ,,bibhi%anah ,,kripac>yah ,,p>a%uramassaptaite ,,cirajiv9ah #bei ,s*ool ,ma/]s1 ,ag%i & ,arnla1 ,?na4 #bfj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,samangad1 ,kolhpur4 #bfa ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poldpur1 ,kolba4 #bfb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #bfc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,wva%i1 ,kolba4 #bfd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,khopoli1 ,kolba4 #bfe ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,apta1 ,kolba4 #bff ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #bfg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,tale1 ,kolba4 #bfh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bakavali1 ,ratngiri4 #bfi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ratngiri4 #bgj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,devgad1 ,ratngiri4 #bga ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p>ule1 ,ratngiri4 #bgb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poladpur1 ,kolba4 #bgc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,malgund1 ,ratngiri4 #bgd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,makhamle1 ,ratngiri4 #bge ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,sangame%w>1 ,ratngiri4 #bgf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,km?ipura1 ,bombay4 #bgg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dbhol1 ,ratngiri4 #bgh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,nr+re1 ,ratngiri4 #bgi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ibrmpur1 ,ratngiri4 #bhj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mlwan1 ,ratngiri4 #bha ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,palset1 ,ratngiri4 #bhb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anj>le1 ,ratngiri4 #bhc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #bhd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,masure1 ,ratngiri4 #bhe ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,skh>pe1 ,ratngiri4 #bhf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dahnu1 ,?na4 #bhg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,edwan1 ,?na4 #bhh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mngaon1 ,?na4 #bhi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,dahigaon4 #bij ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bhiw&i1 ,?na4 #bia ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ag%i1 ,arnla1 ,?na4 #bib ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ag%i1 ,?na4 #bic ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,malgund1 ,ratngiri4 #bid ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,%ahpur1 ,?na4 #bie ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ag%i1 ,?na4 #bif ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,m$he1 ,kolba4 #big ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #bih ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,akol1 ,kolba4 #bii ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,masure1 ,ratngiri4 #cjj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,%irosi1 ,?na ,di/rict4 #cja ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p>ule1 ,ratngiri4 #cjb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,adiv>e1 ,ratngiri4 #cjc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,kankaoli1 ,ratngiri4 #cjd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,a*>e1 ,ratngiri4 #cje ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,masure1 ,ratngiri4 #cjf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,palset1 ,ratngiri4 #cjg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #cjh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mlwan1 ,ratngiri4 #cji ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #caj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ko*>e1 ,ratngiri4 #caa ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,devgad1 ,ratngiri4 #cab ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,malgund1 ,ratngiri4 #cac ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,khopoli1 ,kolba4 #cad ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #cae ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,sasawane1 ,kolba4 #caf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,akol1 ,kolba4 #cag ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mld1 ,?na4 #cah ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bhuwan1 ,?na4 #cai ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ag%i1 ,?na ,di/rict4 #cbj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #cba ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #cbb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,fonda1 ,ratngiri4 #cbc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,sangame%w>1 ,ratngiri4 #cbd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,a*>e1 ,ratngiri4 #cbe ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vijaydurg1 ,ratngiri4 #cbf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #cbg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ko*>e1 ,ratngiri4 #cbh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,nav>e1 ,ratngiri4 #cbi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,p5dur1 ,ratngiri4 #ccj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*aul1 ,kolba4 #cca ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poladpur1 ,kolba4 #ccb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vva%i1 ,kolba4 #ccc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,m$he1 ,kolba4 #ccd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mld1 ,?na4 #cce ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anjur1 ,?na4 #ccf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ri1 ,?na4 #ccg ,ro ,sheb ,%elke1 ,kolhpur4 #cch ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #cci ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anj>le1 ,ratngiri4 #cdj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poladpur1 ,kolba4 #cda ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #cdb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vde1 ,?na4 #cdc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anjur1 ,?na4 #cdd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,umb]gaon1 ,?na4 #cde ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #cdf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #cdg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,fonda1 ,ratngiri4 #cdh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bndivade1 ,ratngiri4 #cdi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basani1 ,ratngiri4 #cej ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vva%i1 ,kolba4 #cea ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,v>sai1 ,kolba4 #ceb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,m$he1 ,kolba4 #cec ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,umela1 ,?na4 #ced ,ro ,sheb ,%elke1 ,kolhpur4 #cee ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #cef ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,fonda1 ,ratngiri4 #ceg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #ceh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,murud1 ,ratngiri4 #cei ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anj>le1 ,ratngiri4 #cfj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ibrmpur1 ,ratngiri4 #cfa ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poladpur1 ,kolba4 #cfb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vva%i1 ,kolba4 #cfc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*auk1 ,kolba4 #cfd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mld1 ,?na4 #cfe ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,%irgaon1 ,?na4 #cff ,ro ,sheb ,%elke1 ,kolhpur4 #cfg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,adiv>e1 ,ratngiri4 #cfh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,sangame%w>1 ,ratngiri4 #cfi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,fonda1 ,ratngiri4 #cgj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anj>le1 ,ratngiri4 #cga ,s*oolma/]1 ,dsgaon1 ,kolba4 #cgb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mld1 ,?na4 #cgc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,padghe1 ,?na4 #cgd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,edwan1 ,?na4 #cge ,ro ,sheb ,%elke1 ,kolhpur4 #cgf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,sangame%w>1 ,ratngiri4 #cgg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #cgh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bndivade1 ,ratngiri4 #cgi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,fonda1 ,ratngiri4 #chj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #cha ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,*idhran1 ,kolba4 #chb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,sasawane1 ,kolba4 #chc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anjur1 ,?na4 #chd ,ro ,sheb ,%elke1 ,kolhpur4 #che ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #chf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bankavli1 ,ratngiri4 #chg ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,anj>le1 ,ratngiri4 #chh ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ibrmpur1 ,ratngiri4 #chi ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vavanje1 ,kolba4 #cij ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,v>sai1 ,kolba4 #cia ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mld1 ,?na4 #cib ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,padghe1 ,?na4 #cic ,ro ,sheb ,%elke1 ,kolhpur4 #cid ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ngo?ane1 ,kolba4 #cie ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,nav>e1 ,ratngiri4 #cif ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mld1 ,?na4 #cig ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,%irgaon1 ,?na4 #cih ,ro ,sheb ,%elke1 ,kolhpur4 #cii ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #djj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ubhdnda1 ,ratngiri4 #dja ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,fonda1 ,ratngiri4 #djb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bndivade1 ,ratngiri4 #djc ,s*ool 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#hac ,ro ,sheb ,%elke1 ,kolhpur4 #had ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poladpur & ,vijaydurg4 #hae ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ibrmpur1 ,ratngiri4 #haf ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,nr+re1 ,ratngiri4 #hag ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,ibrmpur1 ,ratngiri4 #hah ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,fonda1 ,ratngiri4 #hai ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,bankavli1 ,ratngiri4 #hbj ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,vijaydurg1 ,ratngiri4 #hba ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,khopoli1 ,kolba4 #hbb ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,poladpur1 ,kolba4 #hbc ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,basse91 ,?na4 #hbd ,s*ool ,ma/]1 ,mi?bv1 ,ratngiri4 #hbe ,! t]ms giv5 bel[ are z !y are us$ by ! common p 9 popul> p>lance 9 :i* =m !y are giv5 9 ! text4 ,!y w !re=e n be f\nd to be grammatically correct 9 all cases4 ,aga91 only su* mean+s ( ! t]ms are giv5 z apply 9 ! context4