----------------------------------------
---                      ,note3         
ar\nd ^w indicat$ italics 94            
----------------------------------------
---  ,illu/ration         ,,catalogue   
,,( ,,!      ,,retrospective ,,loan     
,,exhibition      ,,(      ,,european   
,,tape/ries      ,,held ,,9 ,,!         
,,san ,,francisco ,,museum ,,( ,,art    
,,mcmxxii     ,,european ,,tape/ries    
,,san ,,francisco ,,museum ,,( ,,art    
,,catalogue      ,,( ,,!                
,,retrospective ,,loan ,,exhibition     
,,(      ,,european ,,tape/ries         
,,by      ,,phyllis ,,ack]man           
,m4,a42 ,,ph4,d4      ,,) ,a ,,preface  
,,by      ,j4 ,,nils5 ,,laurvik         
,,director      ,,san ,,francisco       
,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,museum             
,,mcmxxii     ,publi%$ ,septemb] #bi1   
#aibb1 9 an edition ( #bjjj copies4     
,copyright1 #aibb1 by ,san ,francisco   
,museum ( ,art4 ,repr9t$ ,novemb] #ae1  
#aibb1 #ejj copies4  ,pr9t$ by ,,taylor 
,,taylor1 ,san ,francisco4 ,9 ! mak+ ( !

 type-design = ! cov]1 ! pr9t] has      
introduc$ an illum9at$ fifte5?-c5tury   
woodcut by an unkn[n ma/]4 ,its orig9al 
appe>s1 illum9at$ z %[n1 9 ,l',i/oire de
 la ,de/ruction de ,troye la ,grant1 a  
book pr9t$ at ,p>is1 dat$ ,may #ab1     
#adhd1 ( :i* only a s+le copy is kn[n to
 exi/1 t 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,dresd51 
?is reproduction hav+ be5 made f !      
excell5t facsimile ( ! block %[n 9      
,claud9's ,hi/oire de l',imprim]ie en   
,france4 ,! bord]-design ( ! cov] is    
compos$ ( ! names ( ! *ief              
tape/ry-produc+ cities 9 ,europe dur+ ! 
,go?ic & ,r5aissance p]iods4  ,halftones
 made by ,comm]cial ,art ,company1 ,san 
,francisco4     ,,preface   ,?is        
hi/orical exhibition ( ,european        
,tape/ries is ! f\r? 9 a s]ies (        
retrospective exhibitions :i* we h      
plann$ to illu/rate ! *ronological      
developm5t ( "s important phase (       
_w-art1 z 9 ! ,old ,ma/]s ,exhibition1  
held 9 ! fall ( #aibj1 or ( ! art ( an  
individual 9 ^: "w is significantly     

reflect$ ! _s ( 8 age1 z 9 ! ,j4        
,pi]pont ,morgan ,collection ( draw+s & 
et*+s by ,rembr&t1 exhibit$ "h 9 ! spr+ 
( #aibj4  ,9 its scope & g5]al l9es ?is 
exhibition foll[s closely ! plan ( our  
,exhibition ( ,pa9t+s by ,old ,ma/]s1 &1
 z w at once be app>5t f ! subject-matt]
 & treatm5t1 cov]s ! same p]iod (       
,european hi/ory4 ,al?\gh important     
exhibitions ( ,european tape/ries h be5 
held at v>i\s times bo? "h & abroad1 x  
has rema9$ = our museum to arrange !    
fir/ complete hi/orical survey ( ?is art
 giv5 9 ,am]ica4 ,?is collection pres5ts
 9 unbrok5 sequ5ce ! ma9 curr5ts        
influ5tial 9 ! developm5t & decad5ce ( !
 great art ( tape/ry-weav+ 9 ,europe1 f 
! ,x,i,vth c5tury d[n to & includ+ !    
e>ly ,x,i,xth c5tury1 z exhibit$ 9 ! "w 
( ! =emo/ design]s & weav]s ( ! p]iod1 9
 examples t1 = ! mo/ "p1 are brilliantly
 typical & always *>act]i/ic ( _!       
p>ticul> /yle4  ,virtually1 e loom (    
importance 9 ,france1 ,fl&]s1 ,g]many1  
,switz]l&1 ,spa91 ,engl&1 & ,russia is  

"h repres5t$ by hi/orically fam\s pieces
 :i* run ! entire gamut ( subjects t    
engag$ ! int]e/ ( ! mo/ celebrat$       
design]s & weav]s ( ea* epo*1 f         
allegorical1 classical1 hi/orical1 &    
my?ological to g5re subjects1 l&scapes1 
religi\s pieces1 & ev5 portraits &      
/ill-life subjects4 ,! only omissions ( 
any consequ5ce are ! ,italian looms &   
,soho1 & ! output ( ^! 0 relatively     
small & ! examples extant are v sc>ce4  
,h[ev]1 _! abs5ce does n mat]ially      
affect ! hi/orical integrity ( !        
exhibition z a :ole4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !    
,go?ic s]ies is p]haps ! mo/ complete   
assemblage ( all ! mo/ important types  
ev] br\ght toge!r at "o "t 9 ?is c\ntry1
 & e important type ( ,r5aissance design
 is "h includ$2 ! collection comprises  
two ( ! excessively r>e products ( !    
,fonta9ebleau ateli]s1 z well z         
unusually f9e specim5s ( ! relatively   
sc>ce examples ( ! ,spani% & ,russian   
looms4  ,my *ief conc]n 9 organiz+ ?is  
exhibition has be5 to make x exemplify1 

fir/1 ! hi/ory ( tape/ry1 &1 second1 its
 /hetic qualities z ^! h appe>$ dur+ !  
diff]5t p]iods ( its *ang+ & v>y+       
developm5t1 :i*1 l ! art ( pa9t+1 _h its
 nave1 primitive beg9n+s1 its glori\s   
culm9ation1 & its decl9e4 ,!re=e1 e     
piece has be5 select$ bo? to repres5t a 
di/9ct & significant type 9 ! *ronology 
( ! art & to illu/rate ! arti/ic m]its (
 t type1 & all ! tape/ries %[n are ( !  
highe/ wor? 9 _! p>ticul> category & _m 
( !m are among ! supreme ma/]pieces (   
,european art1 consid]$ f :atev] po9t ( 
view "o may *oose to reg>d !m4 ,only too
 long h ^! noble products ( ! loom be5  
relegat$ to a second>y place 9 ! hi/ory 
( ,european culture1 :i* !y did s mu* to
 celebrate4 ,i s9c]ely tru/ t ?is       
exhibition1 cull$ f sev5te5 collections 
9 ,new ,york1 ,san ,francisco1 & ,p>is1 
may successfully contribute some?+ t[>d 
aboli%+ ! hypnotic spell ( ! gold-fram$ 
oil-pa9t+1 t arti/ic feti% :i* too long 
has held ! uncritical en?rall$ to !     
exclusion ( o!r & (ttimes m au!ntic     

manife/ations ( ! human _s 9 art4       
,reg>d$ f ! /&po9t ( design alone1 !    
extraord9>y co-ord9ation ( color &      
patt]n 7n to speak ( ! dep? & ri*ness ( 
! inn] cont5t7 exhibit$ 9 c]ta9 ( ^!    
pieces is a %>p *all5ge to ! (t-repeat$ 
di/9ction drawn betwe5 ! major & ! m9or 
arts1 & "o is con/ra9$1 aft] /udy+ ^!   
tape/ries1 to conclude t !re are no     
major or m9or arts1 only major & m9or   
arti/s1 & t greatness transfigures !    
mat]ial to ! po9t ( art1 be x pa9t or   
pott]'s clay1 & a simple ,tanagra       
transc5ds 9 wor? all ! gild$ & bejewel$ 
banalities ( ,cell9i1 ^: ess5tially     
flamboyant s\l s\ght refuge 9 gold &    
preci\s /ones4 ,?is tru?1 too r>ely     
insi/$ ^u1 is ( prime importance 9 any  
consid]ation ( art1 :e!r x be f9e or    
appli$ art1 & a collection su* z ?is    
%\ld d mu* to make x cle>4 ,"h "o may   
obs]ve h[ ! pr9ciples ( design & color t
 animate ! immortal ma/]pieces ( mural  
pa9t+ are id5tical ) ^? t give life &   
vitality to ^! ma/]pieces ( ! loom1 &   

!reby appreh5d some?+ ( t my/]i\s law   
gov]n+ ! op]ation ( ! creative impulse  
:i* f9ds its expression 9 all ! arts1   
irrespective ( "t & place1 :e!r x be 9  
rugs1 porcela9s1 ,p]sian tiles &        
manuscripts1 9 ,european primitives1 or 
9 ! works ( ,*9ese & ,japanese old      
ma/]s1 transc5d+ racial diff]5ces &     
atta9+ a univ]sal aff9ity t makes a     
,holbe9 "o ) a ,*9ese ance/ral portrait4
 ,surely su* opul5t fantasy ( design &  
color z is reveal$ 9 ,nos4 #a1 #c1 #e1 &
 #ag1 to m5tion only f\r ( ! ,go?ic     
pieces 9 ! collection1 is des]v+ (      
some?+ bett] ?an ! left-h&$ complim5t ( 
a comp>ison ) pa9t+4  ,9 _! ma/]ly fill+
 ( ! allott$ space1 9 ! f9e subord9ation
 ( ! v>i$ details to ! g5]al effect1 z  
well z 9 ! l(t9ess & int5sity ( !       
emotion express$1 ^! glori\s products ( 
! loom are wor?y exempl>s ( ! highe/    
ideals ( mural decoration no less ?an ( 
! ari/ocratic art ( tape/ry-weav+4      
,reflections su* z ^! are ! natural     
consequ5ce ( a comp>ative /udy ( art1 & 

^! & k9dr$ reasons are ! impell+ causes 
prompt+ "o to exhibit1 n only tape/ries1
 b rugs & textiles ( all k9ds1 9 an art 
museum & to give !m ! same s]i\s /udy "o
 w\ld accord a ,leon>do1 a ,giotto1 a   
,rembr&t4 /hetically & racially1 !y are 
no less reveal+ & frequ5tly m int]e/+ 9 
t !y are ! products ( ! e>lie/          
expressions ( ^? /hetic impulses !      
manife/ation ( :i* has come to be call$ 
art2 nor are !y less au!ntic &          
expressive because communicat$ ) ! =ce &
 directness ( ! primitive loom1 :i* give
 to all its products a c]ta9 "* & wor?  
r>ely equal$ by ! m sophi/icat$ products
 ( ! s-call$ f9e arts4  ,x is our hope t
 ?is catalogue w s]ve z a helpful guide 
to all ^? wi%+ to make su* use ( ?is    
collection4 ,e s]i\s /ud5t ( ! subject  
no less ?an e unbias$ speciali/ w1 ,i am
 sure1 appreciate at its true wor? !    
s*ol>ly "w done by ,dr4 ,ack]man1 ^:    
rese>*es h made su* a text possible4    
,br++ to ! task a critical judgm5t & a  
sci5tific me?od ( analysis hi!rto appli$

 almo/ exclusively to ! id5tification & 
int]pretation ( primitive pa9t+s1 !     
au?or has be5 able to correct sev]al    
well-e/abli%$ errors & to ?r[ new light 
on _m d\btful & obscure po9ts :i* are s 
well docum5t$ z %\ld make !m            
contributions ( p]man5t value to !      
lit]ature ( ! subject4  ,9 conclusion we
 wi% to ?ank ,messrs4 ,william ,baumg>t5
  ,company1 ,c4 ,templeton ,crock]1     
,demotte1 ,duve5 ,bro!rs1 ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5* 
,company1 ,a4 ,j4 ,hal[1 ,jacques       
,seligmann  ,company1 ,dikran ,k4       
,kelekian1 ,frank ,p>tridge1 ,inc41 ,w4 
,j4 ,sloane1 ,william ,c4 ,van ,antw]p1 
,wild5/e9  ,company1 & ,mesdames ,james 
,creelman1 ,william ,h4 ,crock]1 ,daniel
 ,c4 ,jackl+1 & ,maison ,jam>9 ( ,p>is1 
= _! k9dness 9 l5d+ u ^! priceless      
examples ( ! ,european weav]s' art t    
con/itute ?is notable assemblage (      
tape/ries1 & to record our deep         
appreciation ( ! g5]\s co-op]ation ( !  
patrons & patronesses ^: sponsor%ip has 
made ! exhibition possible by gu>antee+ 

! v consid]able exp5se involv$ 9 br++ ! 
collection to ,san ,francisco4 ,& la/1 b
 n lea/1 we wi% to express our grateful 
appreciation ( ! unremitt+ ?\ght &      
att5tion devot$ by ! pr9t] to design+ & 
execut+ ! v fitt+ typographical =m t    
contributes s l>gely to mak+ ! v>i$     
mat]ial conta9$ h]e9 readily available  
to ! read]1 & to ackn[l$ge1 on behalf ( 
! au?or1 ! fri5dly help ( ,ar?ur ,upham 
,pope1 ^: sugge/ions & criticisms h be5 
f\nd ( real value 9 ! prep>ation ( !    
text ( ! catalogue4      ,j4 ,,nils5    
,,laurvik1 ,director      ,san          
,francisco1 ,septemb] #bi1 #aibb4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,! patrons & patronesses ( ! ,exhibition
 are3 ,messrs4 ,william     ,c4 ,van    
,antw]p1 ,edw9 ,raymond ,armsby1 ,leon  
,bocqu]az1 ,francis     ,c>olan1 ,c4    
,templeton ,crock]1 ,sidney ,m4 ,ehrman1
 ,william ,l4 ,g]/le1     ,joseph ,d4   
,grant1 ,walt] ,s4 ,m>t91 ,james ,d4    
,phelan1 ,george ,a4     ,pope1         
,laurance ,irv+ ,scott1 ,paul ,v]di]1   

,john ,i4 ,walt]1 ,mi*el     ,d4 ,weill1
 & ,mesdames ,a4 ,s4 ,baldw91 ,c4       
,templeton ,crock]1 ,h5ry     ,j4       
,crock]1 ,william ,h4 ,crock]1 ,m>cus   
,ko%l&1 ,eleanor ,m>t91     ,george ,a4 
,pope1 & ,misses ,hel5 ,c[ell & ,isabel 
,c[ell1 & ,!     ,emporium4         ,,! 
,,san ,,francisco ,,museum ,,( ,,art    
,,bo>d ,,( ,,tru/ees      ,,william ,c4 
,,van ,,antw]p1 ,,edw9 ,,raymond        
,,armsby      ,,ar?ur ,,br[n1 ,,jr41    
,,francis ,,c>olan1 ,,*>les ,w4 ,,cl>k  
,,*>les ,,templeton ,,crock]            
,,william ,h4 ,,crock]1 ,,john ,s4      
,,drum1 ,,sidney ,m4 ,,ehrman           
,,joseph ,d4 ,,grant1 ,,daniel ,c4      
,,jackl+      ,,walt] ,s4 ,,m>t91       
,,james ,d4 ,,phelan1 ,,george ,a4      
,,pope      ,,laurance ,i4 ,,scott1     
,,ri*>d ,m4 ,,tob9      ,,john ,i4      
,,walt]       ,,director      ,j4       
,,nils5 ,,laurvik       ,,! ,,museum    
,,is ,,h\s$ ,,9 ,,! ,,palace ,,( ,,f9e  
,,arts     ,,erect$ ,,by ,,!            
,,panama-,,pacific ,,int]national       

,,exposition ,,9 #aiae     ,,cont5ts  ,=
 a detail$ li/ ( ! tape/ries catalogu$  
h]e9 see ! subject & title index at !   
end ( ! volume  ,illu/ration            
,,preface                               
,page   #e      ,,introduction          
#aa      ,,catalogue                    
#be      ,,li/ ,,( ,,weav]s             
#eh      ,,bibliography                 
#ei      ,,subject ,,& ,,title ,,index  
#fa     ,,illu/rations       ,,map      
,fac+ ,page #af      ,%[+ ! pr9cipal    
c5t]s ( production ( ,go?ic & e>ly      
,r5aissance tape/ries       ,,tape/ries 
,! ,annunciation                        
,fac+ ,page #bd      ,! ,*ase           
#be      ,! ,annunciation1 ! ,nativity1 
& ! ,ann\ncem5t to !         ,%eph]ds   
#bf      ,sc5es f ! ,roman de la ,rose  
#bg      ,! ,v9tage                     
#cj      ,entombm5t on ,millefleurs     
#ca      ,millefleurs ) ,%eph]ds & !    
,%ield ( ! ,rigaut         ,family      
#cb      ,pa/oral ,sc5e                 
#cc      ,! ,creation ( ! ,_w           

#cd      ,f\r ,sc5es f ! ,life ( ,*ri/  
,fac+ ,page #ce      ,! ,triumph (      
,david                                  
#ch      ,two ,pairs ( ,lov]s           
#ci      ,hannibal ,approa*es ,scipio to
 ,sue = ,peace                    #dj   
,cyrus ,captures ,a/yages1 ,8 ,gr&fa!r  
#da      ,! ,crucifixion                
#db      ,grotesques                    
#dc      ,triumph ( ,diana              
#df      ,! ,niobides                   
#dg      ,sc5e f ! ,hi/ory ( ,cleopatra 
#dh      ,v]dure                        
#di      ,v]dure ) ,danc+ ,nymphs       
#ej      ,! ,conque/ ( ,l\is ! ,great   
#ea      ,! ,poison+ ( a ,spy           
#ed      ,! ,arms ( ,france & ,nav>re   
#ee     ,,introduction  ,,an ,,hi/orical
 ,,& ,,critical ,,survey ,,( ,,! ,,art  
,,( ,,tape/ry ,,weav+  ,illu/ration     
,tape/ry is a comp\nd art4 ,x /&s at !  
meet+-po9t ( ?ree o!r arts1 & s is beset
 by ! problems ( all ?ree4 ,9 ! fir/    
place1 x is illu/rative1 = :ile !re are 
tape/ries t %[ only a spr9kl+ ( fl[]s1 a

 conv5tionaliz$ l&scape1 or an armorial 
%ield1 ! f9e/ & mo/ typical pieces are  
^? ) p]sonnages t repres5t "s episode f 
hi/ory1 my?1 or romance1 or give a      
glimpse ( ! curr5t usages ( daily life4 
,9 ! second place1 tape/ry is a mural   
decoration4 ,x is "p ( ! ar*itectural   
sett+ ( ! rooms1 really "o ) ! wall4 ,&1
 9 ! ?ird place1 x is a wov5 mat]ial--a 
solid fabric ( wool or silk 9 ! simple/ 
( all te*niques4  ,s9ce a tape/ry is an 
illu/ration1 x mu/ be reali/ic &        
conv9c+1 accurate 9 details & cle>ly    
indicative ( ! /ory4 ,because x is also 
a wall decoration1 x _c be too reali/ic1
 b mu/ be /ructural 9 feel+ & design1 & 
! details mu/ fall into broad masses t  
c>ry a /rong effect f a di/ance4 ,& s9ce
 x is a wov5 mat]ial1 ev5 if x be       
/ructural1 x mu/ be flexible1 & mu/ h a 
fullness ( ornam5t t w enri* ! :ole     
surface s t none ( x w fall to ! level (
 m]e clo?4  ,b if ! tape/ry design] h a 
difficult problem 9 resolv+ ^! conflict+
 dem&s ( ! diff]5t aspects ( 8 art1 he  

has also wid] opportunities to realize  
)9 ^? limitations4 ,z an illu/ration1 if
 he h&le x ) skill1 he c make ! design  
convey all ! fasc9ation ( romance &     
n>rative4 ,z a mural decoration 8 design
 c atta9 a dignity & noble res]ve d5i$  
to small] illu/rations1 spl5did 9       
itself1 & valuable = c\nt]balanc+ !     
disproportionate lit]>y int]e/ t !      
subject sometimes ar\ses4 ,& ! ?ick     
mat]ial1 ) its s(t1 unev5 surface1 l5ds1
 ev5 to a trivial design1 a ri*ness &   
mell[ness t ! pa9t] c a*ieve only 9 !   
greate/ mom5ts ( 8 "w4  ,! design] (    
tape/ry c /e] 8 way among ! difficulties
 ( ! ?ree phases ( 8 art1 & w9 !        
advantages ( !m all only if he h a f9e &
 s5sitive feel+ = ! qualities t he mu/  
seek4 ,a realism flatt5$ to ! requirem5t
 ( mural decoration & =maliz$ to ! ne$s 
( ! te*nique ( weav+1 t /ill reta9s !   
in=mality & *>m ( ! illu/ration1 c be/  
be won by consid]+ ! design z a patt]n (
 silh\ettes2 = a silh\ette is flat1 & s 
does n violate ! /ructural flatness ( ! 

wall by bulg+ out 9 high model+4        
,moreov]1 x does give a broad1 /rong    
effect t c c>ry across a l>ge room4 ,&1 
f9ally1 x p]mits bo? ( adaptation 9     
attitude & ge/ure to ! ne$s ( ! /ory & (
 easy-fl[+ l9es t c re%ape !mselves to !
 *ang+ folds ( a textile4 ,s1 to make   
good silh\ettes1 ! figures 9 a good     
tape/ry design w be arrang$ 9 ! wide/1  
l>ge/ planes possible1 z !y are 9 a f9e 
,greek relief1 & !y w be outl9$ ) cle>1 
decisive1 cont9u\s l9es1 def9itive ( "*1
 expressive & vivaci\s4  ,! /r5g? &     
vivacity ( ! outl9e is ( prime          
significance 9 tape/ry design1 ev5 ?\gh 
9 its f9al effect x appe>s n prim>ily z 
a l9e> art1 b r z a color art4 ,!       
outl9es h to be bo? cle>ly drawn 9 !    
c>toon & =cefully pres5t$ 9 ! weave2 =  
!y be> ! burd5 bo? ( ! illu/rative      
expressiv5ess & ( ! decorative          
def9ition4 ,if !y are weak5$ 9          
del9eation or subm]g$ by ! gl[ ( !      
colors1 ! tape/ry becomes confus$ 9     
import1 weak 9 emphasis1 & blurr$ 9 all 

its relations1 :ile ! *>m & int]e/ (    
detail is q lo/4 ,! too heavy l9es ( "s 
( ! primitive tape/ries are less a      
defect ?an ! too delicate l9es ( ! lat] 
pieces design$ by ^? :o 7 prim>ily      
pa9t]s1 & :i* 7 too mu* adapt$ to !     
pa9t+ te*nique4 ,! outl9es 9 ! be/      
tape/ries are n only indicat$ ) a good  
deal ( =ce1 b ^! l9es !mselves h        
unflagg+ en]gy1 unambigu\s direction1   
div]sifi$ movem5t1 & unfalt]+ control4  
,9 ord] to complete & e/abli% !         
silh\ette effect1 ! color 9 ! be/       
tape/ries is laid on 9 broad flat areas1
 ea* conta9+ only a limit$ numb] (      
tones4 ,a gradual transition ( tone     
?r\gh _m %ades is undesirable1 because  
su* modulations convey an impression (  
relief model+1 :i* is inappropriate &   
sup]flu\s 9 an art ( silh\ette4 ,!n1    
aga91 ^! gradations at a little di/ance 
t5d to fuse1 & ?us some:at blur ! =ce & 
purity ( ! color2 &1 f9ally1 a          
consid]able numb] ( color transitions   
are ill-adapt$ to ! "* ( a textile1 z !y

 t5d to make x appe> too mu* l pa9t+4   
,nor are fluctuat+ tones & m9ute        
value-gradations necess>y = a s(t & v>i$
 effect4 ,! v quality ( tape/ry mat]ial 
accompli%es t--fir/1 because ! ribb$    
surface breaks up ! flatness ( any color
 area & gives x %imm]+ v>iations ( light
 & %ade1 &1 second1 because ! wide folds
 natural to ! mat]ial ?r[ ! flat tones  
n[ into d>k & n[ into light1 ?us by     
direct light & %ade diff]5tiat+ values t
 9 ! dyes !mselves are id5tical4 ,color 
9 tape/ry c ?us be us$ 9 pur]1 m        
saturat$ masses ?an 9 any =m ( pa9t+1 n 
except+ ev5 ! greate/ murals4  ,flat    
silh\ett$ figures _c ( c\rse be set 9 a 
?ree-dim5sional _w4 ,!y w\ld n fit4 ,s !
 l&scape1 too1 mu/ be flatt5$ out into  
artificially simplifi$ /ages4 ,?is is   
also necess>y bo? = ! ar*itectural & !  
decorative effect ( tape/ry1 = o!rwise !
 remote vi/as t5d to give ! effect (    
holes 9 ! wall1 & ! di/ance1 dimm$ by   
atmosph]e1 is too pallid & empty to be  
int]e/+ z textile design4 ,yet ! fact ( 

p]spective _c be altoge!r d5i$4 ,(t5 !  
design] c avoid or limit ! problem by   
cutt+ (f ! f>!r views ) a close scre5 ( 
trees & build+s1 & ?is has also !       
advantage ( giv+ a /rong backdrop aga9/ 
:i* ! figures /& out firm & cle>4 ,b !re
 are occasions 9 :i* a wid] field is    
ess5tial = ! purposes ( illu/ration4 ,! 
problem is h[ to %[ a /ret* ( c\ntry &  
/ill keep x flat & full ( detail4 ,9 !  
mo/ skillful p]iods ( tape/ry design !  
difficulty 0 met by r$uc+ ! p]spective  
to ?ree or f\r %>ply /epp$ levels (     
di/ance1 laid "o above ! o!r 9 in=mal   
horizontal /rips4 ,a]ial p]spective 0   
disreg>d$1 ea* /rip be+ fill$ ) details1
 all %>ply drawn b dim9i%+ 9 size4 ,!   
sc5e 0 ?us kept relatively flat1 0      
adapt$ to flat figures1 & 0 also fill$ )
 int]e/+ details4  ,?is fullness (      
detail is important 9 tape/ries & is !  
s\rce ( mu* ( _! ri*ness & *>m4 ,! great
 p]iods ( weav+ made lavi% use ( an     
amaz+ v>iety ( incid5ts & effects3 !    
patt]n ( a g[n1 jewels1 ! *as+ or relief

 on a piece ( armor1 bits ( decorative  
ar*itecture1 c>v$ furniture1 & ! num]\s 
h\sehold ut5sils1 qua9t 9 %ape or       
sudd5ly vivid 9 color--all ^!1 ) !      
innum]able fl[]s1 ! v]itable m5ag]ie (  
bea/s1 real & imag9>y1 gayly patt]n$    
birds1 z well z riv]s1 groves1 &        
m\nta9s1 make up ! prop]ties ) :i* !    
design] fills 8 spaces & creates a      
composition ( inexhau/ible res\rce &    
delight4  ,s ) flat figures1 /rong      
outl9es1 deep1 pure1 & simple colors1 a 
flatt5$ sett+1 & a weal? ( details1 !   
arti/ c make a tape/ry t w be at ! same 
"t bo? a repres5tative & an expressive  
illu/ration1 an ar*itectural wall       
decoration1 & a sumptu\s piece (        
mat]ial4 ,b ev5 !n he has n solv$ e     
difficulty2 = ! tape/ry _c be m]ely     
beautiful 9 itself4 ,x has to s]ve z a  
backgr\nd = a room & = ! lives liv$ 9 x2
 s x mu/ be consonant 9 color & l9e     
quality ) ! furniture curr5t at ! "t x  
is made1 & x mu/ meet ! prevail+ int]e/s
 ( ! p4 ,moreov]1 :ile x mu/ be ri*     

en\gh to absorb ! loit]+ att5tion1 x mu/
 also h suffici5t repose & res]ve &     
alo(ness n to intrude unbidd5 into ! eye
 & n to be too we>y+ly excit+--& ?is la/
 0 sometimes no easy problem to solve :5
 ! design] 0 bidd5 to illu/rate a       
rapidly mov+ & dramatic tale4           
,sometimes1 9 tru?1 he did n solve x1 b 
sometimes he employ$ ) subtle skill !   
device ( s disp]s+ 8 major po9ts (      
action t until !y are exam9$ c>efully !y
 m]ge into a g5]al mass effect4  ,:ile !
 design]s h at diff]5t p]iods met ^!    
v>i\s problems 9 diff]5t ways & ) v>y+  
skill1 ! te*nique ( ! weav+ has nev] be5
 modifi$ to any ext5t4 ,= c5turies ?is  
simple k9d ( weav+ has be5 done4 ,9     
ess5tials x is ! same z t us$ 9 ! mo/   
primitive k9d ( clo? manufacture4 ,!    
w>ps are /ret*$ on a frame t may re/    
horizontally or /& upright4 ,! %uttle   
full ( ?read ( ! desir$ color is pass$  
ov] & "u ! alt]nate w>ps1 ! return      
rev]s+ ! ord]1 n[ "u ! w>ps :]e x 0 be=e
 ov]1 & ov] :]e x 0 "u4 ,a comb is us$  

to pu% ! wefts ?us wov5 close toge!r s t
 !y entirely cov] ! w>ps4 ,9 ! f9i%$    
tape/ry ! w>ps run horizontally across !
 design4 ,a *ange ( colors 9 !          
weft-?reads creates ! patt]n4 ,9 ! m    
complex patt]ns ( lat] works ! weav]    
foll[s ! design drawn 9 outl9e on 8     
w>ps1 or sometimes1 9 ! horizontal      
looms1 foll[s ! patt]n drawn on a pap]  
laid "u 8 w>ps s t he looks d[n ?r\gh   
!m4 ,8 color cues he takes f ! fully    
pa9t$ c>toon susp5d$ some:]e ne> 9 easy 
view4 ,occasionally1 9 lat] pieces1 to  
enri* ! effect1 ! simple tape/ry weave  
is supplem5t$ ) ano!r te*nique1 su* z   
brocad+ 7cf4 ,no4 #eb71 b ?is is r>e4   
,all ! e>lie/ examples left to u ( ?is  
k9d ( weav+ are ak9 to tape/ry z we     
usually "k x only 9 te*nique4 ,!y h     
practically no be>+ on ! developm5t (   
its design4 ,( ! v e>lie/ we h no       
evid5ce left by :i* to judge4 ,hom]1 !  
,bible1 & a numb] ( ,lat9 au?ors all    
m5tion textiles t probably c\ld be      
class$ z tape/ries2 b ! ref]5ces are too

 g5]al to give u any def9ite clue z to !
 treatm5t ( ! design4 ,b f ! ,v,ith to !
 ,v,i,i,ith c5tury1 ! ,copts 9 ,egypt   
produc$ _m pieces1 %[+1 usually 9 v     
small scale1 birds & animals & foliage1 
& ev5 gr\ps ( p4 ,( ^! we h _m samples  
left4 ,f v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe1 prim>ily 
f ,g]many1 9 ! next two c5turies we h a 
few fam\s examples4 ,b ^! are almo/     
:olly )\t significant relation to !     
c5tral developm5t ( tape/ry design4     
,tape/ry1 9 our s5se ( ! ^w1 beg9s1 z f>
 z extant examples are conc]n$1 ) !     
,x,i,vth c5tury4  ,f ! ,x,i,vth to ! end
 ( ! ,x,vth c5tury 0 ! ,go?ic p]iod4 ,!n
 tape/ry 0 at its greate/ height4 ,m ( !
 requisites ( its design 7 met1 & met m 
adequately & m naturally1 ?an by any    
subsequ5t s*ool ( design]s or any looms4
 ,z illu/ration1 ! tape/ry ( ! ,go?ic   
p]iod is int]e/+1 vivid1 & provocative4 
,! /ories & episodes t x pres5ts 71 to  
be sure1 all "p ( ! m5tal cont5t ( !    
audi5ce1 s t !y compreh5d$ !m m         
imm$iately ?an we2 b ev5 )\t ! lit]>y   

backgr\nd we foll[ !m readily1 s        
adequate is _! del9eation4 ,moreov]1 !y 
c>ry successfully almo/ e n>rative      
mood--humor1 romance1 lyricism1         
excitem5t1 pa?os1 & pure adv5ture--&1   
except 9 ! traditional religi\s sc5es1  
!y wisely es*ew su* t5s] dramatic       
attitudes z a mom5t\s climax1           
long-su/a9$ susp5se1 or pr(\nd trag$y4  
,f9ally1 :5 !y _h a good tale to tell1 !
 ,go?ic design]s r5d]$ _! episodes ) a  
fullness ( incid5t & a vivacity ( detail
 nev] aga9 equal$4  ,z mural            
decorations1 too1 ! ,go?ic tape/ries are
 equally successful4 ,= ! figures are   
always flat &1 ev5 :ile natural &       
animat$1 are (t5 slightly =maliz$ &     
/ructural 9 draw+ 7cf4 ,no4 #aj72 !     
outl9es are clean & active1 ! colors    
/rong & broad1 ! vi/as ei!r elim9at$ z 9
 ! millefleurs 7cf4 ,no4 #aa7 or        
completely simplifi$ 7cf4 ,no4 #ac71    
:ile ! details are abundant &           
delightful4 ,f9ally1 !y are among ! mo/ 
sumptu\s textiles ev] wov5 9 ! ,we/]n   

,_w--sumptu\s1 n because ( co/ly        
mat]ial1 = !y only r>ely use metal      
?read1 & ev5 silk is unusual1 b sumptu\s
 because ( ! v>iety & magnific5ce ( _!  
designs & ! spl5dor & opul5ce ( _!      
color4  ,?us ! ,go?ic design]s bo?      
appreciat$ & employ$ to ! full all ( !  
/hetic conditions ( _! art2 yet !y did n
 d ?is f any !oretical compreh5sion ( ! 
m$ium4 ,! supremacy ( ,go?ic tape/ry    
re/s on a broad basis4 ,x is ! f9al     
product ( "o ( ! mo/ vital & creative   
epo*s 9 ! hi/ory ( art2 its design]s 7  
br\ght up 9 a great tradition1 surr\nd$ 
ev]y:]e by ! mo/ magnific5t ar*itectural
 monum5ts1 accu/om$ to ! habit ( beauty 
9 small z well z great ?+s1 /ill inspir$
 & n\ri%$ by ! f]tile _s t _h creat$ &  
triumphantly solv$ s _m problems 9 !    
field ( art4 ,a passion = p]fection & an
 elevat$ & sophi/icat$ ta/e animat$ all 
( ! crafts1 ( :i* tape/ry 0 b "o4 ,!    
full fl[]+ ( tape/ry is contemporane\s )
 t ( ,limoges enamel1 p>allel+ x 9 _m   
ways1 ev5 to ! employm5t ( ! same       

design]s 7cf4 ,no4 #g74 ,great armor 0  
be+ made at ! same "t--armor t          
exemplifi$ z nev] be=e or s9ce its      
inh]5t qualities & possibilities3       
p]fection ( =m & f9i%1 a s5sitive &     
expressive surface1 & exquisite         
decoration logically develop$ out (     
con/ruction4 ,furniture also a*iev$ at t
 "t a comb9ation ( /r5g? ) natural &    
imag9ative embelli%m5ts t /ill defies   
copy1 :ile ! fir/ publi%]s 7 produc+ !  
mo/ beautiful books t h ev] be5 pr9t$1  
unsurpassable 9 ! cle> & decorative     
silh\ette ( ! type1 9 ! p]fection (     
tone1 & 9 ! balanc$ spac+ ( !           
composition4 ,o!r textile arts1 su* z t 
( velvet & brocade weav+1 rea*$ ! utmo/ 
heights ( subtlety & magnific5ce4 ,?is  
easy a*ievem5t ( ma/]pieces 9 k9dr$     
fields1 s *>act]i/ic ( great epo*s1     
d\btless /imulat$ tape/ry-weav+ z x did 
e o!r art4  ,?is great a*ievem5t ( !    
,go?ic p]iod 9 s _m fields ( art 0 !    
natural fl[]+ ( ! _s ( ! "t4 ,life = all
 0 limit$ 9 cont5t1 education z we      

und]/& x meag] & ill-diffus$1           
opportunities = advancem5t = !          
individual ab\t non-exi/5t4 ,despite ^! 
limitations--p>tly1 inde$1 because (    
!m--& despite ! physical disord]s ( !   
age1 !re 71 none ! less1 a simplicity & 
unity ( m9d & an integrity ( _s t       
provid$ ! basis = great a*ievem5t4 ,!   
spontane\s & trem5d\s en]gy1 !          
inexhau/ible f]tility t 0 an inh]itance 
f _! ,franki% & ,g]manic =be>s 7 n[     
m\ld$ & controll$ by common in/itutions1
 by ! acceptance ( common po9ts ( view &
 ! consci\sness ( unifi$ & fundam5tal   
pr9ciples ( life1 ! acceptance ( an     
au?oritative social sy/em t def9$ &     
limit$ ea* man's ambitions4 ,all ^!     
factors prev5t$ ! protract$             
self-analysis1 ! aimless criticism1 !   
unc]ta9ties & confusion ( individual    
aims t consume our en]gies1 detract f   
our w1 & impov]i% our accompli%m5ts4    
,!irs 0 9 no s5se an ambigu\s age2 !y 7 
consci\s ( a univ]sal _s1 cont9u\sly    
press+ = expression 9 art :i* c\ld      

=tunately =ge /raight ahead to objective
 embodim5t4  ,! /imulation ( all ( !    
arts _h come 9 "p1 too1 f ! inru% (     
culture f ! ,byzant9e ,empire1 :]e      
traditions & ri*es _h be5 heap+ up      
cont9u\sly ev] s9ce ! ,greek            
civilization _h at its height spill$ ov]
 into ! ,ea/4 ,e flood-tide ( culture is
 creat$ by v>i\s /reams ( ideas & cu/oms
 t h = g5]ations tak5 sep>ate c\rses4   
,all compet5t e?nologi/s are agre$ t1 no
 matt] :at ! native equipm5t ( a p is1  
no matt] h[ abundant are _! natural     
res\rces1 h[ fri5dly & enc\rag+ is _!   
environm5t or h[ ?reat5+ & /imulat+1 "o 
/ream ( culture fl[+ alone nev] rises to
 great heights4 ,inv5tion1 evolv$       
organization1 & arti/ic production come 
only ) ! meet+ & m+l+ ( ideas & habits4 
,! ,ea/ _h fir/ f]tiliz$ ,european      
intellectual creativ5ess :5 ! num]\s    
,crusades & ! sack+ ( ,con/ant9ople by !
 ,franks br\ght a weal? ( novel & excit+
 ideas into ,france & ! neighbor+       
t]ritories 9 ! ,x,ith & ,x,i,ith        

c5turies4 ,!re foll[$ ! great p]iod (   
ca!dral-build+ ) all ! m9or accompany+  
arti/ic developm5ts ( ! sculpture1 !    
glass-pa9t+1 ! manuscript illum9at+1 !  
enamel+1 ! lyrics ( ,s\!rn ,france1 & ! 
romances & fabliaux ( ,nor!rn4 ,?is tide
 0 ebb+ sl[ly :5 a second ru% f ! ,ea/  
incid5t to ! fall ( ,con/ant9ople 9     
#adec lift$ x aga94 ,! art ( tape/ry 0  
especially s5sitive to ?is second       
,byzant9e influ5ce4 ,! indu/ry 0 com+ to
 its height2 ! dem& 0 already prodigi\s1
 ! prices paid enorm\s1 ! work]s highly 
skill$ & well organiz$4 ,tape/ry 0 ready
 to assimilate any relevant             
contribution4 ,x en?usia/ically took    
unto itself ! sumptu\s luxury ( !       
decad5t ,ori5t ) its spl5did fabrics1   
encru/$ ar*itecture1 complex patt]ns1 & 
heavy gl[+ colors4 ,! simple ,franki% _s
 ( ! e>li] pieces 7cf4 ,no4 #b7 0 almo/ 
subm]g$ by ! riot\sly extravagant       
opul5ce ( ! ,ea/ 7cf4 ,nos4 #ag1 #ah74  
,on ! o!r h&1 too1 f ! jewelry (        
,sc&9avia1 a remote desc5dant ( an      

anci5t ,ori5tal prec$5t1 tape/ry adopt$ 
examples ( heavy ri*ness ( design4 ,& at
 ! same "t x took also f ! ,byzant9e "s 
( ! =mality1 ! ?ickness ( elaborate     
drap]y1 ! conv5tionalization ( types1 & 
! rigidity ( draw+ t _h p>alyz$ ! art ( 
,byzantium1 b t 9 tape/ry enhanc$ !     
ar*itectural "* & s con/itut$ a real    
addition4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! late ,x,i,vth   
c5tury to an absorption 9 an exact      
naturalism :i* might h imm$iately ru%$  
,fr5* & ,flemi% ta/e into ! sci5tific   
realism ( ! ,flor5t9e ,r5aissance 0     
*eck$ & deflect$ by ! example & ! memory
 ( ! /iff c>v5 =m1 ! arre/$ ge/ures1 & !
 fix$ drap]ies ( ! mosaics & manuscript 
illum9ations ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire 7cf4    
,no4 #h74  ,b aside f ^! g5]al          
consid]ations1 :i* 7 vital = ! creation 
( great tape/ries1 !re 0 at "w a        
specific pr9ciple p]haps ev5 m          
important4 ,! mann] ( treatm5t :i* !    
tape/ry m$ium itself calls = 0 "o :i* 0 
native to ! m9d ( ! "t & :i* decl>$     
itself 9 a great v>iety ( =ms4          

,illu/ration3      ,map ,%[+ !          
,pr9ciple c5t]s ( ,production     (     
,go?ic & e>ly ,r5aissance               
,,tape/ries      drawn by     ,ar?ur    
,upham ,pope      ,= ! ,san ,francisco  
,museum ( ,art     ,retrospective ,loan 
,exhibition ( ,tape/ries     ,copyright 
#aibb   ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,middle ,ages
 7 9 _s n>rative4 ,! bulk ( _! lit]ature
 0 n>rative--long hi/orical or romantic 
poems ) endless sequ5ces ( cont9u$      
episodes t nev] came to any dom9at+     
climax4 ,_! drama1 too1 0 n>rative1 a   
/ory rec\nt$ ?r\gh a numb] ( sc5es t    
c\ld be cut %ort at almo/ any po9t or   
c\ld be c>ri$ on indef9itely )\t de/roy+
 ! /ructure1 because !re 0 no inclusive 
unity 9 !m1 no return+ ( ! !me on itself
 su* z di/+ui%es ,greek drama or        
,%akespe>e & :i* we dem& 9 mod]n times4 
,_! religion & _! e?ics also 7 n>rative1
 dep5d5t1 = ! common man1 ^u ! life     
hi/ory ( sacr$ individuals t bo? expla9$
 ! fundam5tal tru?s ( ! univ]se & set   
models = moral behavior4 ,& !y 7        

supplem5t$1 too1 by pr(ane hi/ories )   
moraliz+ symbolism contriv$ to po9t !   
way to ! good life1 su* z we f9d 9 !    
,roman de la ,rose 7cf4 ,no4 #d74 ,ev5  
_! less] e?ics1 _! etiquette1 0         
n>rative1 d]iv$ f ! fabric ( *ivalric   
romance4 ,&1 aga91 _! greate/ art1 _!   
ar*itecture1 0 adorn$ ) n>rative1       
ornam5t$ ) multiple hi/ories1 s t ev5 ! 
capital ( a column told a tale4 ,! :ole 
_w ab\t !m 0 n>rative1 s t ! pa9t]s &   
design]s mu/ ne$s ?9k 9 n>rative t]ms1 &
 h5ce z illu/rators4 ,! n>rative        
features ( ! o!r arts also l5t !m       
valuable examples = _! tape/ries4 ,mo/ (
 _! r5d]+s ( religi\s /ories 7 tak5     
direct f ! ,my/]y ,plays 7cf4 ,no4 #ad71
 & "s ( _! sc5es 7 already famili> to !m
 9 /a9$ glass & *ur* sculptures4        
,moreov]1 n>rative decorations 7 int]e/+
 & important to ! p ( ! ,x,vth c5tury   
because !y _h only v limit$ res\rces =  
intellectual ent]ta9m5t4 ,books 7 sc>ce1
 b ev5 if pl5tiful w\ld h be5 ( little  
use1 = v few c\ld read4 ,! !atre = !    

mass ( ! p 0 limit$ to occasional       
productions on *ur* holidays ( ,my/]y & 
,miracle plays1 & ev5 = ! great dukes ^!
 7 only meag]ly supplem5t$ by c\rt      
ent]ta9]s4 ,!re 0 no illu/rat$ daily    
news1 no mov+ pictures1 no circuses1 no 
m5ag]ies1 no easy travel to (f] ready   
recreation4 ,9 our di/ract$ly cr[d$ life
 today we are apt to =get h[ limit$ 7 ! 
lives ( our ance/ors & :at pleasure1 z a
 result1 !y c\ld get f a wov5 /ory on _!
 walls4  ,9 ! second place1 ! ,go?ic    
design]s1 :5 !y came to draw _!         
decorative illu/rations1 because ( _!   
inh]it$ traditions1 naturally fell into 
a te*nique adapt$ to ! ar*itectual =ms (
 mural decoration4 ,= all ! art ( !     
,middle ,ages 0 ! d]ivative (           
ar*itecture1 & at its inception 0       
controll$ by x4 ,! orig9al conception ( 
! graphic arts 9 ?is p]iod 0 !          
del9eation on a flat surface (          
sculpture--sculpture1 moreov]1 t 0      
basically /ructural1 because made z "p (
 a build+4 ,s ! pa9t$ figures 7 heavily 

outl9$ silh\ettes 9 a few broad planes )
 ! poise & ! re/ra9t ess5tial to        
sculpture4 ,^! e>ly /atuesque figures1  
famili> 9 ! primitive manuscript        
illum9ation & /a9$-glass w9d[s1 _h1 by !
 "t ! tape/ries rea*$ _! apogee1 be5    
modifi$ by a fa/-wak5+ naturalism4 ,b ! 
und]ly+ idea ( ! silh\ette & ( ! pois$  
body 0 n yet lo/1 & s x 0 natural =     
tape/ry design]s to meet ^! requirem5ts4
 ,! naturalism1 on ! o!r h&1 0 j becom+ 
/rong en\gh to make ! l9es m gracefully 
fl[+ & ! details m v>i$ & m delicate &  
exact 9 draw+1 s t ! v transitional =m (
 ! art ( ! "t made x especially well    
adapt$ to a wov5 r5dition4  ,9 ! ?ird   
place1 ! c>toons1 ev5 if !y 7 n q "r 9  
feel+ :5 !y came f ! pa9t]'s h&1 w\ld be
 modifi$ 9 ! translation into ! weave by
 ! workm5 !mselves2 = ! weav]s at t "t 7
 respect$ craftsm5 ) suffici5t comm& (  
design to make _! own patt]ns = ! less  
important ord]s1 & 7 !re=e p]fectly able
 to modify & enri* ! details ( ! c>toon 
( ev5 a great pa9t]4 ,& no design] 9 !  

"o m$ium ( pa9t c ev] fit 8 !me to ! o!r
 m$ium ( wool q z aptly z ! man :o is   
do+ ! weav+ himself4  ,?us because !    
,go?ic p]iod happ5$ to be a "t :5 x 0   
natural = ! arti/s to make vivaci\s &   
decorative illu/rations 9 cle>1 flat    
silh\ettes ) ri* details1 mo/ ( ! ,go?ic
 tape/ries h "s measure ( arti/ic       
greatness1 suffici5t to put !m above all
 b ! v greate/ pieces ( lat] times4 ,ev5
 :5 we disc\nt ! additions t "t & our   
*ang$ attitude make1 ! beauty ( s(t5$ & 
bl5d$ colors1 ! *>m ( ! unaccu/om$ & !  
qua9t1 ! int]e/ ( ! unfamili> co/umes1 !
 lit]>y flavor ( old romantic times--ev5
 disc\nt+ ^!1 !y are /ill inh]5tly      
sup]ior4 ,to be sure1 !y are r>ely      
pretty & are sometimes frankly ugly1 b )
 a tonic ugl9ess :i* possesses ! deepe/ 
( all /hetic m]its1 /imulat+ vitality4  
,!y h v]ve1 en]gy1 a pung5t vividness t 
%>ply rem9ds ! behold] t he is alive4   
,_! angul> emphatic silh\ettes & pure1  
highly saturat$1 abruptly contra/$      
colors cat* & hold ! att5tion & quick5  

all ! vital responses t are ess5tial to 
cle> p]ception & full appreciation4 ,!y 
are a /&+ refutation ( ! _m mi/ak5      
!ories t w\ld make ! ess5ce ( beauty    
consi/ m]ely 9 ! balanc$ =m & symmetry1 
or smoo? p]fection ( r5dition1 or       
photographic accuracy ( repres5tation4  
,!y are a =ceful & conv9c+ demon/ration 
t 9 ! la/ analysis beauty is ! quality t
 ar\ses ! fulle/ realization ( life4    
,)9 ! common ,go?ic "* !re are cle>ly   
record$ local diff]5ces3 ! division     
betwe5 ! ,fr5* & ! ,flemi%1 n m>k$ until
 ! middle ( ! ,x,vth c5tury1 because up 
to t "t ! ,franco-,flemi% s*ool 0 really
 "o & cont9u\s4 ,x amalgamat$ influ5ces 
f bo? regions & absorb$ a r /rong       
contribution f ,italy4 ,! c5t] (        
activity 0 at fir/ ,p>is & !n at ! c\rts
 ( ! ,burgundian dukes4 ,b aft] ! middle
 ( ! c5tury ! div]g5ce is rapid & cle>4 
,! ,fr5* is *>act]iz$ by great]         
simplicity1 cl>ity1 elegance1 &         
delicacy4 ,ev5 ! /rong upru% ( realism 0
 held 9 *eck 9 ,france by decorative    

s5sitiv5ess4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic designs (
 ! "t are ! millefleurs1 ! f9] be+ made 
9 ,t\ra9e 7cf4 ,no4 #h71 ! co>s] 9 ,la  
,m>*e4 ,! ,flemi% decoration1 on ! o!r  
h&1 is sumptu\s1 ov]fl[+1 sometimes     
confus$1 always en]getic1 & /rongly v>i$
 9 detail4 ,no?+ *ecks ! rel5tless      
realism t sometimes runs ev5 to         
c>icature & (t5 is fanta/ic 7cf4 !      
puni%m5t sc5es 9 ,no4 #d74 ,typical (   
,flemi% abundance are ! c>toons )       
multiple religi\s sc5es1 heavy ) ri*    
drap]ies & gorge\s ) inf9ite detail1 yet
 n subord9at+ to !me ! human int]e/ ( _m
 well-del9eat$ types ( "* 7cf4 ,no4     
#ah74 ,brussels 0 ! great c5t] = !      
production ( "w ( ?is k9d1 b beautiful  
pieces 7 be+ produc$ 9 almo/ e city ( ! 
,l[l&s--,bruges1 ,t\rnai1 ,arras1 & _m  
m4  ,! ,g]man ,go?ic tape/ry is q       
diff]5t f bo? ( ^!4 ,x 0 develop$ almo/ 
entirely indep5d5tly1 "u q o!r          
conditions4 ,:ile ! ,fr5* & ,flemi% %ops
 grew up "u ! patronage ( ! great &     
weal?y nobles1 & work$ prim>ily = ^!    

lavi% art-patrons1 9 ,g]many ! nobles 7 
impov]i%$ & almo/ outca/2 !re 0 sc>cely 
a real c\rt1 & all ! weal? lay 9 ! h& ( 
! burgh]s1 solid1 practical folk :o did 
n see mu* s5se 9 art4 ,s :ile 9 ,france 
& 9 ! ,l[l&s ! work%ops 7 highly        
organiz$ "u great entrepr5eurs1 & !     
pr(its 7 lib]al1 9 ,g]many ! work%ops 7 
v small1 & _m ( ! pieces 7 n made       
pr(essionally at all1 b 7 ! "w ( nuns 9 
! conv5ts or ( ladies 9 _! _m idle h\rs4
 ,?us ! indu/ry t 9 ,france & ,fl&]s 0  
def9itely c5t]$ 9 ! great cities su* z  
,p>is & ,brussels1 9 ,g]many 0 scatt]$  
?r\gh _m t[ns1 prim>ily1 h[ev]1 ^? ( s\?
 ,g]many & ,switz]l&4 ,&1 too1 :ile !   
designs = ! ,fr5* & ,flemi% pieces 7    
specially made by manuscript            
illum9ators1 pa9t]s1 or pr(essional     
c>toon design]s1 "s ( :om1 l ,matre     
,philippe 7cf4 ,nos4 #ag-ai71 conduct$  
great /udios1 = ! ,g]man pieces ! weav]s
 !mselves adapt$ ! figures f "o ( !     
woodcuts t 7 ! popul> art ( ! ,g]man p  
or f "s book illu/ration4 ,s :ile !     

,fr5* & ,flemi% tape/ries rea*$ great   
heights ( skill & luxury1 & really 7 a  
great art1 ! ,g]man tape/ry rema9$ nave 
& simple & mo/ ( its arti/ic value is ! 
product ( t v navet4  ,t[>d ! close ( ! 
,x,vth c5tury a *ange beg9s to appe> 9 !
 "* ( tape/ry design4 ,m & m (t5 pa9t+s 
are exactly reproduc$ d[n to ! la/      
detail4 ,at fir/ sporadic products1 !   
reproductions ( ! "w ( su* ma/]s z ,rog]
 ,van d] ,weyd5 & ,b]n>d ,van ,orley    
become m & m frequ5t until by ! end ( ! 
fir/ qu>t] ( ! ,x,v,ith c5tury !y are a 
commonplace4 ,yet ev5 ?\gh tape/ry is no
 long] entirely true to itself1 ^!      
tape/ry pa9t+s are nev]!less beautiful &
 fit4 ,a wov5 pa9t+ has n yet become an 
anomaly because pa9t+ 9 ,nor!rn ,europe 
is /ill n>rative & decorative4 ,!re are 
/ill poise & re/ra9t & cle> flat        
silh\ette & ri* detail4  ,x 0 n until   
tape/ry plung$ full into ! tide ( !     
,italian ,r5aissance t x entirely lo/   
its ,go?ic m]its4 ,b :51 beg9n+ 9 #aeae 
) ! arrival ( ,raphael's c>toons = !    

,pope's ,apo/le s]ies1 ! weav]s ( !     
,nor? began to dep5d m & m = _! designs 
on ! pa9t]s ( ! ,s\? & on pa9t]s tra9$ 9
 ! ,s\?1 ! "* ( tape/ry completely      
*ang$4 ,true1 tape/ry 9 ! old /yle 0    
/ill made = two decades1 b 9 dim9i%+    
numb]s4 ,! ,r5aissance _h ! field4 ,9   
place ( endlessly v>i$ detail1 !        
design]s s\ght = in/antly impressive    
effects1 & ^! are ( necessity obvi\s4   
,e-?+ grew l>g]1 co>s]1 m insi/5t on    
att5tion4 ,figures 7 monum5tal1         
floreation bold & /rong1 ar*itecture    
massive4 ,ev5 ! v]dures develop$ a new  
mann]2 great scroll+ acan?us-leaves &   
exotic birds 7cf4 ,no4 #cc7 took ! place
 ( ! delicate field fl[]s & pigeons &   
song/]s4 ,drama took ! place ( n>rative4
 ,on _m pieces metal ?read 0 lavi%$ 9   
abundance4 ,! :ole flagrant ri*ness ( ! 
newly mod]n _w 0 call$ into play4  ,= ! 
fir/ "t also ) ,r5aissance tape/ry1 x   
becomes relevant to ask1 ,d !y look l ! 
sc5es !y depict8--= realism 0 9 ! full  
tide ( its p[]4 ,a hundr$ & fifty ye>s  

be=e ! ,r5aissance realism _h begun to  
develop1 inspir$ by ! naturalism (      
,ari/otle1 ^: influ5ce _h gradually     
filt]$ d[n f ! s*ools to ! p1 & ?r\gh\t 
! ,x,i,vth & e>ly ,x,vth c5tury x _h be5
 sl[ly gr[+4 ,! hunt+ tape/ries ( ! fir/
 "p ( ! ,x,vth c5tury are e>ly examples 
( x4 ,b ! ,go?ic realism 0 an attempt to
 convey ! impression ( ! famili>        
incid5ts ( life1 to get expressive      
ge/ures1 to record *>act]i/ic bits (    
portraiture1 :e!r ( p or ?+s or         
episodes1 s t a ,go?ic tape/ry c be     
adjudg$ naturali/ically successful if x 
c>ries /rongly ! _s & effect ( a        
situation reg>dless ( :e!r ! draw+ is q 
true or n 7cf4 ,no4 #b74 ,r5aissance    
realism1 on ! o!r h&1 is n satisfi$ ) ! 
impression1 b /rives = ! fact4 ,x wi%es 
to depict n only ! _w z "o sees x1 b z  
"o kn[s x to be--kn[s x1 moreov]1 aft]  
long & c>eful /udy4 ,s 9 all ,r5aissance
 graphic art correct anatomy becomes (  
importance1 solid model+ is ess5tial1 & 
all details mu/ be specific4  ,yet1 ?\gh

 tape/ry 9 ! ,r5aissance 0 no long]     
illu/rative 9 ! old s5se1 x /ill 0      
decoratively f9e2 = ! pa9t+ ( ,italy 0  
f\nd$ on a mural art1 & ! decorative    
traditions /ill held true4 ,outl9es are 
/ill cle> & expressive4 ,!re 0 respect =
 ar*itectural /ructure1 & details1 if   
less complex & s5sitive1 are /ill ri* & 
full4 ,color1 too1 is /ill /rong & pure1
 ?\gh ! key is height5$ some:at & !     
numb] ( tones increas$4 ,moreov]1 !     
,r5aissance introduc$ two important new 
res\rces1 ! wide bord] & ! grotesque4   
,hi!rto ! bord] _h be5 a n>r[ floral    
g>l&1 a m9or adjunct easily omitt$4 ,n[ 
x became ( major importance1 always     
ess5tial to ! beauty ( ! piece1 (t5 !   
mo/ beautiful "p ( x1 design$ ) great   
res\rce & frequ5tly int]wov5 ) gold &   
silv]4 ,! grotesque1 f be+ orig9ally a  
bord] decoration1 soon spread itself ov]
 ! :ole field 7cf4 ,no4 #cf71 m+l+ )    
amus+ incongruity b ) decorative        
consi/5cy goats & fair ladies1 trellis1 
fl[]s1 & h]aldic devices4 ,:at !        

,r5aissance lack$ 9 subtlety x made up 9
 abundance4  ,dur+ ! ,r5aissance !      
tape/ry indu/ry 0 dom9at$ by ! ,flemi%  
cities1 ) ,brussels at ! head4 ,%e _h ! 
greate/ looms1 great bo? = ! exce$+     
skill ( ! work]s & = ! enorm\s quantity 
( ! production4 ,"s work%ops1 ( :i* !   
mo/ fam\s 0 t ( ! ,pannemak] family1    
specializ$ 9 exquisitely f9e "w r5d]$ 9 
! ri*e/ mat]ials4 ,( ?is class1 ! mo/   
typical examples are ! m9iature religi\s
 tape/ries 9 silk & metal ?read1 9 :i*  
all ! p]fection ( a pa9t+ 0 unit$ ) !   
sumptu\sness ( a mo/ extravagant textile
 7cf4 ,no4 #ce74 ,b sometimes full-siz$ 
wall-hang+s too 7 done ) ! same         
p]fection & elaboration 7cf4 ,nos4      
#bc-be74 ,o!r %ops sacrific$ ! p]fection
 ( workman%ip to a l>ge output1 b ev5 9 
! mo/ comm]cially organiz$ h\ses !      
weav]s ( ,fl&]s 9 ! ,x,v,ith c5tury 7   
able & consci5ti\s craftsm54  ,^! same  
,flemi% workm5 7 call$ to diff]5t       
c\ntries 9 ,europe to e/abli% local     
looms4 ,s ,italy _h sev]al small        

tempor>y ateli]s at ?is p]iod1 z did    
,engl& also 7cf4 ,no4 #cb74 ,b ?\gh ^!  
%ops 7 9 ,italy & ,engl&1 !y 7 /ill     
pr$om9antly ,flemi%4 ,! "* ( local      
decoration & local dem& influ5c$ !      
design some:at1 b fundam5tally !        
products bo? 9 c>toon & 9 weave 7 /ill  
^? ( ! "m c\ntry4 ,9 ,france1 h[ev]1 !  
,flemi% workm5 7 made ! tools ( ! beg9n+
 ( a new national revival ( ! art4 ,a   
gr\p ( weav]s 0 call$ to ,fonta9ebleau1 
:]e1 "u ! extravagant patronage (       
,francis ,i1 ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance 0 tak+ 
=m4 ,^! ,flem+s1 weav+ designs made by  
,italians1 nev]!less creat$ decorative  
textiles t are typically ,fr5* 9 _s 7cf4
 ,no4 #cg74 ,france alone _h a /rong    
en\gh arti/ic "* to refa%ion !          
conv5tions ( ,italy & ! te*nique (      
,fl&]s to a national idiom4  ,9 ! next  
c5tury ?is revival ( ! art :i* surviv$  
at ,fonta9ebleau b>ely fifty ye>s 0     
c>ri$ on 9 sev]al ateli]s at ,p>is4 ,!  
workm5 7 /ill pr$om9antly ,flemi%1 b    
aga9 _! "w 0 unmi/akably ,fr5* 7cf4 ,no4

 #ch74 ,9 ,tr9ity ,hospital looms _h be5
 ma9ta9$ s9ce ! middle ( ! ,x,v,ith     
c5tury4 ,9 ! gall]y ( ! ,l\vre looms 7  
set up ab\t #afjg4 ,& ! ?ird & mo/      
important %op 0 e/abli%$ by ,m>c de     
,comans & ,franois de la ,plan*e at !   
invitation ( ! k+4 ,?is 0 mo/ important1
 because x lat] 0 mov$ to ! ,bivre      
,riv]1 :]e ! ,gobel9s family _h its old 
dye-works1 & x ev5tually became ! great 
/ate manufactory4  ,!reaft] = ! next two
 c5turies ! looms ( ,fl&]s & ,france    
work$ 9 competition4 ,n[ "o1 n[ ! o!r   
took prec$5ce1 b ,france _h a sl[ly     
increas+ sup]iority t by ! middle ( !   
,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury put h] two royal    
looms1 ! ,gobel9 & ,beauvais1 def9itely 
9 ! =efront ( ! indu/ry4  ,= c>toons !  
looms ( ! two c\ntries call$ on ! great 
pa9t]s ( ! "t1 (t5 requisition+ ! "w ( !
 same pa9t]s1 & sometimes ev5 us+ ! v   
same designs4 ,?us ,van d] ,meul5 work$ 
bo? = ,brussels manufactur]s 7cf4 ,nos4 
#ec-ef7 & = ! ,fr5* /ate looms 7cf4 ,no4
 #eb71 & ! ,gobel9 adapt$ to its uses ! 

old ,lucas ,mon?s t _h orig9at$ 9 ,fl&]s
 7cf4 ,nos4 #eg1 #eh47  ,b ?\gh !y did  
?us p>allel ea* o!r 9 c>toons1 ! f9i%$  
tape/ries nev]!less reta9$ _! national  
diff]5ces4 ,z 9 ! ,go?ic p]iod1 !       
,flemi% tape/ries 9 all respects %[$ a  
t5d5cy to some:at ov]do4 ,_! figures 7  
l>g]1 _! bord]s cru%$ full] ( fl[]s &   
fruit1 _! v]dures heavi]1 _! grotesques 
m het]og5e\s1 _! metal ?reads solid]4   
,_! abundance 0 ri* & decorative1 b     
lack+ 9 ref9em5t & grace4 ,! ,fr5*1 on !
 o!r h&1 kept always a c]ta9 deta*m5t & 
re/ra9t t made = cl>ity & (t5 delicacy4 
,:5 ! ,b>oque ta/e dem&$ huge active    
figures1 ! ,fr5* /ill kept !irs well )9 
! frame4 ,_! bord]s 7 always spac$ &    
usually m ab/ract4 ,! v]dures (         
,aubusson c be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ,aud5>de 
by ! few] leaves1 ! light] mass+1 ! m   
disp]s$ lights & %ades4 ,! grotesques ( 
,france1 especially 9 ! ,x,v,i,i,ith    
c5tury1 (t5 controll$ ! r&om fancy      
popul>iz$ among ! ,flemi% weav]s by     
introduc+ a c5tral idea1 a goddess above

 :om !y c\ld gr\p ! prop] attributes    
7cf4 ,no4 #cf71 or a c\rt fte 7cf4 ,no4 
#ei74 ,& :5 ! ,fr5* us$ metal ?read x 0 
to enri* a limit$ space r ?an to weight 
a :ole tape/ry4 ,9 a way ! opul5ce ( !  
,flemi% 0 bett] adapt$ to ! m$ium4      
,c]ta9ly x produc$ "s v beautiful       
tape/ries4 ,b ! ref9em5t ( ! ,fr5* is a 
little m sympa!tic to an ov]civiliz$    
age4  ,) ! accession ( ,l\is ,,xv1      
tape/ry jo9$ ! o!r textile arts & pa9t+ 
9 foll[+ furniture /yles4 ,!reaft]1     
until ! adv5t ( ma*9]y put an end to    
tape/ry z a significant art1 !          
cab9etmak] l$ all ! o!r decorators4     
,small pieces ) small designs1 light    
colors1 delicate floral ornam5ts1 & !   
reign+ tempor>y fad--n[ ! ,*9ese ta/e   
7cf4 ,no4 #ga71 n[ ! pa/oral 7cf4 ,no4  
#fh7--occupi$ ! att5tion ( !            
c>toonmak]s1 s t ! *ief occupations ( ! 
c\rt beauties ( ea* successive decade c 
be read 9 ! tape/ries4  ,dur+ ?is "t    
,france 0 dictat+ ! fa%ions ( all !     
,we/]n ,_w1 s o!r c\ntries 7 eag] n only

 to h h] tape/ries1 b to h h] workm5    
weave = !m 9 _! own capitals4           
,accord+ly1 ! royal family ( ,russia1   
always =eign 9 its ta/es1 s5t = a gr\p (
 weav]s to set up a royal ,russian      
tape/ry works4 ,simil>ly1 ,spa9 s5t = a 
,fr5*man to direct h] pr9cipal looms1 ^?
 at ,santa ,b>b>a & ,madrid1 :i* = a    
decade or s _h be5 runn+ "u a ,flem+4   
,& mean:ile tape/ry 0 /eadily becom+ m &
 m ano!r =m ( pa9t+4 ,until ! middle ( !
 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury x rema9s prim>ily  
illu/rative4 ,! ,r5aissance design]s    
cont9u$ to tell hi/orical & biblical    
/ories & to fa%ion ! designs 9 ! s]vice 
( ! tale !y _h to tell4 ,) ! influ5ce ( 
,rub5s & 8 s*ool 7cf4 ,no4 #dd71 ! /ory 
becomes *iefly ! excuse = ! composition2
 b ! /ory is nev]!less /ill !re &       
adequately pres5t$4 ,! arti/s ( ,l\is   
,,xiv1 :5 call$ ^u to celebrate _! k+ 9 
tape/ry1 respect$ ?is quality ( ! art by
 depict+ 8 hi/ory & 8 milit>y exploits  
7cf4 ,no4 #eb74 ,b illu/ration already  
beg9s to run ?9 9 ! s]ies ( ! royal     

resid5ces done by ! ,gobel9s dur+ 8     
reign1 & ) ! /yle ( 8 successor x runs  
out almo/ altoge!r4 ,if ,b\*] pa9ts !   
s]ies ( ! ,loves ( ! ,gods x is n = !   
sake ( ! my?ology1 b = ! rosy fle% &    
float+ drapes1 & ,fragon>d does n ev5   
bo!r to ?9k ( an excuse1 b makes 8      
languid nudes simply ba!rs 7cf4 ,no4    
#fi74 ,s :5 ,l\is ,,xv is to be         
celebrat$ by 8 weav]s ! design]s make "o
 ef=t to inv5t a /ory by depict+ 8      
hunts1 & !n ab&on episode & sub/itute   
portraiture 7cf4 ,no4 #fd74  ,?r\gh\t   
mo/ ( ! ,r5aissance1 tape/ry rema9$     
decorative z a mural pa9t+ is           
decorative1 b 9 ! ,x,v,i,ith c5tury1 ) !
 deg5]ation ( all ar*itectual feel+1    
tape/ry lo/ entirely its ar*itectual "*4
 ,x 0 /ill decorative--x 0 decorative z 
! pa9t+ ( ! "t 04 ,! tape/ries ( !      
,x,v,i,ith c5tury are giant easel       
pa9t+s1 & ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury wov5  
panel pa9t+s4  ,z to ! textile quality1 
dur+ ! ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ! v scale ( !  
pieces kept !m some:at true to x4 ,!    

l>ge figures1 heavy foliage1 & big      
floral ornam5ts c fall successfully into
 wide1 s(t folds4 ,b mo/ ( ! tape/ry ( !
 ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury mu/ be /ret*$ & set
 9 panels or frames4 ,t !y are wov5 is  
incid5tal1 a fact to call =? wond] = !  
skill ( ! workm51 bo? ( ! dy]s :o       
p]fect$ ! numb]less slight gradations ( 
delicate tones & kept !m con/ant1 & ( ! 
almo/ unbelievably deft weav]s :o c\ld  
ply ! %uttle s f9ely & exactly & grade  
^! delicate tones to reproduce s(t      
model$ fle%1 flutt]+ drap]ies1 bill[+   
cl\ds1 spray+ f\nta9s1 & ! %e5 & folds (
 diff]5t mat]ials4 ,b t !y are wov5 is  
sc>cely a fact to be consid]$ 9 !       
arti/ic e/imate4 ,! only advantage ( !  
wov5 decorations ov] ! pa9t$ panel is t 
!y pres5t a s(t] surface to relieve !   
cold glitt] ( rooms4 ,o!rwise z pa9t+s  
!y /& or fall4 ,ev5 ! bord] has usually 
be5 r$uc$ to a simulat$ wood or /ucco   
frame4  ,dur+ ?is gradual *ange ?r\gh   
five hundr$ ye>s 9 ! arti/ic qualities (
 tape/ry ! te*nical tricks ( ! weav]s   

und]w5t correspond+ modification4 ,9 !  
,go?ic p]iod ! draw+ dep5d$ prim>ily ^u 
a /rong d>k outl9e1 black or br[n1 t 0  
unbrok51 & t 0 especially important :e!r
 ! design 0 affiliat$ r ) panel pa9t+   
7cf4 ,no4 #a7 or ) ! m graphic m9iature 
illu/ration 7cf4 ,no4 #e74 ,ev5 ! less] 
accessories 7 all drawn 9 cle> outl9e4  
,)9 a giv5 color area1 transitions f    
tone to tone 7 made by hat*+s1 little   
b>s ( irregul> l5g? ( "o ( ! %ades t    
fitt$ into alt]nate b>s ( ! o!r %ade1 l 
! tee? ( two combs int]lock$4 ,& = %ad[s
 & emphasis ( c]ta9 outl9es1 "s ( !     
,go?ic weav]s _h a v clev] trick (      
dropp+ /it*es 7cf4 ,no4 #a71 s t a s]ies
 ( small holes 9 ! fabric takes ! place 
( a d>k l9e4 ,dur+ ! ,r5aissance !      
outl9e becomes mu* n>r[]1 & is us$ only 
= ! major figures1 a device t sometimes 
makes ! figures look z if !y _h be5 cut 
out & appli$ to ! design4 ,hat*+1 if us$
 at all1 is mu* f9] ?an 9 ! e>li] usage1
 consi/+ n[ ( only s+le l9es ( "o color 
%ad+ into ! next4 ,9 ! "w ( ,fonta9bleau

 7cf4 ,nos4 #cf1 #cg71 ! dott$ s]ies (  
holes betwe5 colors is /ill us$ to give 
a subord9ate outl9e4 ,dur+ ! ,x,v,i,ith 
c5tury hat*+ is sc>cely us$ at all1 & ! 
outl9e has practically disappe>$4 ,dur+ 
! ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ! ,fr5* weav]s    
p]fect$ a trick :i* obviat$ any break 9 
! weave :]e ! color *anges1 ?us enabl+  
tape/ry to approximate ev5 clos] to     
pa9t+ effects4  ,to ! weav]s :o adju/$  
^! tricks to ! v>y+ dem&s ( ! c>toons1 &
 s translat$ pa9t$ patt]ns 9 a wov5     
fabric1 is due q z mu* cr$it = ! f9i%$  
"w ( art z to ! pa9t]s :o fir/ made !   
design4 ,fam\s pa9t]s did prep>e tape/ry
 designs4 ,aside f ! ma/]s ( ! ,middle  
,ages to :om tape/ries are attribut$1 we
 h positive evid5ce t1 among o!rs1      
,jacques ,d>et1 ,rog] ,van d] ,weyd51   
,raphael1 ,giulio ,romano 7cf4 ,nos4    
#bc-be71 ,le ,brun1 ,rub5s1 ,coypel 7cf4
 ,nos4 #fb1 #fc71 ,b\*] 7cf4 ,nos4 #fg1 
#fh71 ,watteau1 ,fragon>d 7cf4 ,no4     
#fi71 & ,v]net 7cf4 ,no4 #gj71 all work$
 on tape/ry designs4 ,! ma/] weav]s :o  

c\ld transpose _! designs des]ve to rank
 ) !m 9 honor4  ,yet we "k relatively   
little ( ^! ma/] weav]s4 ,_m names (    
tapic]s appe> 9 tax-li/s & o!r docum5ts1
 b n until ! ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury d !    
names (t5 repres5t to u def9ite         
p]sonalities1 & until !n we c only      
occasionally cr$it a man ) 8 surviv+ "w4
 ,f ! long li/s ( names & ! great numb]s
 ( rema9+ tape/ries a few only c be     
connect$4 ,among ! greate/ ( ^! is      
,nicolas ,bataille1 ( ,p>is1 :o wove !  
fam\s set ( ! ,apocalypse n[ 9 !        
,ca!dral ( ,ang]s2 ,pasqui] ,gr5i]1 (   
,t\rnai1 to :om ! ,w>s ( ,troy & relat$ 
sets c be accr$it$ 7cf4 ,no4 #g71 b :o  
app>5tly 0 an entrepr5eur r ?an a weav]2
 ,piet] ,van ,ael/1 :o 0 s r5[n$ t !    
c>toons ( ,raphael 7 fir/ entru/$ to    
him2 ,william ,pannemak]1 ano!r         
,brussels man1 :o _h supreme ta/e &     
skill1 & 8 relative ,pi]re1 almo/ z     
skilful2 ,m>c ,comans & ,franois de la  
,plan*e1 ! ,flem+s :o set up ! looms 9  
,p>is t develop$ into ! ,gobel9s 7cf4   

,no4 #ch72 ,jean ,lefbvre1 :o work$ fir/
 9 ! gall]y ( ! ,l\vre & !n _h 8 /udio 9
 ! ,gobel9s 7cf4 ,nos4 #ci1 #dj72 ! ,van
 d] ,beur*ts1 ( ,brussels 7cf4 ,nos4    
#db1 #ef71 & ,leyni]s 7cf4 ,nos4 #bf1   
#bg71 & ,cozette1 mo/ fam\s weav] ( !   
,gobel9s4 ,su* m5 z ^!1 & _m m ^: names 
are lo/ or are neglect$ because we d n  
"k _! "w1 7 9 _! m$ium z important      
arti/s z ! pa9t]s ^: designs !y foll[$4 
,) ! pass+ ( su* ma/] craftsm5 ! art (  
tape/ry di$4 ,:5 m5 mu/ compete ) ma*9es
 _! "w is no m respect$1 & s tape/ry is 
no long] ! natural m$ium ( expression = 
! culture ( ! times4 ,tape/ries are /ill
 be+ made1 b !re is no g5u9e vitality 9 
! art & little m]it 9 its product4 ,x   
exi/s today only z an exhau/$ &         
irrelevant p]si/5ce f ! pa/1 &1 z a f9e 
art1 doom$ to failure & ultimate        
ext9ction4      ,p4,a4  ,illu/ration3   
,! ,annunciation      ,no4 #a           
,illu/ration3      ,! ,*ase      ,no4 #b
      ,,catalogue  ,abbreviations3 ,h4  
7,height72 ,w4 7,wid?72 ft4 7,feet72 94 

7,in*es74 ,"r  ,left1 ref] to "r  left (
 ! spectator   ,sid5ote3 #a             
,,franco-,,flemi%1 ,,possibly ,,arras1  
,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,xv ,,or ,,end ,,( ,,xiv  
,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool1 ,silk1  
,gold4     ,h4 #aa ft4 #d 94     ,w4 #i 
ft4 #f 94   ,,! ,,annunciation3 ,!      
,virg91 9 a blue robe l9$ ) r$1 is seat$
 be=e a read+-desk 9 a :ite m>ble       
portico ) a tile floor4 ,beh9d h] is a  
r$ & metal gold brocade4 ,! lily is 9 a 
majolica j>4 ,! angel1 9 a gre5 robe )  
yell[ high lights l9$ ) r$1 has alight$ 
9 a g>d5 )\t4 ,9 ! sky1 ,god ! ,fa!r    
hold+ ! globe & two angels be>+ a %ield4
  ,! treatm5t ( ! sky 9 two-ton$ blue & 
:ite /riations1 z well z ! conv5tional  
l&scape )\t p]spective1 ) small oak &   
laurel trees1 is *>act]i/ic ( a numb] ( 
tape/ries ( ! op5+ ye>s ( ! ,x,vth      
c5tury4 ,mo/ ( !m depict$ hunt+ sc5es4  
,b !re 0 "o fam\s religi\s piece1 !     
,passion ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,s>agossa4 ,9 ! 
draw+ ( ! figures & "s ( ! details !    
piece is closely relat$ to ! pa9t+s ( t 

,p>is s*ool ( :i* ,jean ,mal\el is ! mo/
 fam\s memb]4 ,! "w is by no means by   
,mal\el1 b x is simil> to t ( "o ( 8    
less] contempor>ies1 ^: only kn[n       
surviv+ "w is a set ( six panels pa9t$  
on bo? sides1 two ( :i* are 9 !         
,cuvelli] ,collection at ,niort & ! o!rs
 9 ! ,may] ,van d] ,b]gh ,collection at 
,antw]p4 ,! v primitively r5d]$ ,et]nal 
,fa!r is almo/ id5tical ) ! "o t appe>s 
9 sev]al ( ! panels2 ! r\ghly indicat$  
%aggy grass is ! same1 ! r unusual angle
 ( ! angel's w+s recurs 9 ! ,cuvelli]   
,annunciation1 z does ! susp5d$ poise ( 
! ,virg9's attitude4 ,! ,virg9's        
read+-desk1 too1 is almo/ id5tical1 ?\gh
 %[n 9 ! panel at ! o!r side ( ! sc5e4  
,! long1 slim-f+]$ h&s & ! po9t$ nose & 
*9 ( ! ,virg9 are *>act]i/ic ( ! s*ool4 
,! tiles 9 ! portico1 s c>efully r5d]$1 
are ( int]e/ because !y are v simil> to 
! e>lie/-kn[n tile floor /ill 9         
position--t ( ! ,c>acciolo ,*apel 9     
,naples4 ,"s ( ! same patt]ns are       
repeat$1 notably t ( ! ,virg9's initial 

& ! />1 :i* is m crudely r5d]$4 ,!      
colors1 too1 are approximately ! same1 !
 br[n be+ a fair r5d]+ ( ! manganese    
purple ( ! *apel tiles4 ,! majolica vase
 is also int]e/+ z illu/rat+ a type (   
:i* few intact examples are left4       
,sid5ote3 ,exhibit$3  ,*icago ,art      
,in/itute1 ,go?ic ,exhibition1 #aiba4   
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*         
,company4  ,! piece ma9ta9s a high level
 ( /hetic expression4 ,! religi\s       
emotion is int5sely felt & is adequately
 convey$ 9 ! wi/ful sadness ( ! ,virg9's
 face & ! expectant susp5se ( h] pois$  
body4 ,! portico seems remov$ f reality 
& flood$ by a direct heav5ly light1 9   
its %9+ :it5ess contra/+ ) ! deep       
blue-gre5 backgr\nd4 ,?is tape/ry by    
virtue ( its int5se & elevat$ feel+1    
purifi$ by /hetic calm & by its         
exceptional decorative vividness1 ranks 
) ! v great ma/]pieces ( ! graphic arts4
   ,sid5ote3 #b  ,,franco-,,flemi%1     
,,e>ly ,,xv ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3         
,wool & ,gold4     ,h4 #e ft4 #e 94     

,w4 #e ft4 #aa 94   ,,! ,,*ase3 ,a man 9
 a long d>k-blue coat & high r$ hat & a 
lady 9 a br[n brocade dress & erm9e     
turban wat* a dog 9 lea!r armor attack a
 be>4 ,a l&scape ) trees & fl[]s is     
indicat$ )\t p]spective & a ca/le 9     
simple outl9e is project$ aga9/ a blue &
 :ite /riat$ sky4  ,sid5ote3 ,exhibit$3 
,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 ,fr5*-,engli%    
,retrospective ,exhibition ( ,textiles1 
#aiba4  ,?is tape/ry is an important    
example ( a small gr\p ( hunt+ sc5es ( !
 e>ly ,x,vth c5tury4 ,x is closely      
relat$ 9 /yle to ! fam\s pair ( l>ge    
hunt+ tape/ries 9 ! collection ( ! ,duke
 ( ,devon%ire4 ,x is n def9itely kn[n   
:]e any ( ^! pieces 7 wov51 b ,arras is 
tak5 z a safe assumption1 z t 0 ! c5t] (
 weav+ at ! "t1 & ^! tape/ries are !    
f9e/ production kn[n ( ! p]iod4  ,! v   
simple figures %>ply silh\ett$ aga9/ !  
contra/+ gr\nd h a decid$ly ar*itectural
 quality1 p]fectly adapt$ to mural      
decoration4 ,yet ! sc5e seems v natural 
& ! p]sons h m>k$ & attractive          

p]sonalities4  ,sid5ote3 ,illu/rat$3    
,la ,r5aissance de l',art franais1      
#aiba1 p4 #ajd2 ,burl+ton1 vol4 #ch1    
opp4 p4 #aga4 ,de,motte1 ,les           
,tapiss]ies go?iques1 ,deuxime ,srie4   
,^! exce$+ly r>e pieces m>k ! great wave
 ( naturalism t began sweep+ ov] ,europe
 ab\t #acej & !y exemplify /rik+ly "o ( 
! f9e/ qualities ( ! primitive--!       
impressive univ]sality & objectivity t  
come f ! fre%ness ( ! arti/'s vision4   
,look+ /raight at ! ?+ itself1 free f   
all ! presuppositions t come f an       
inh]it$ conv5tion1 ! draftsman saw !    
ess5tials & record$ !m directly )\t any 
confus+ elaboration ( te*nique4 ,he 0   
completely absorb$ by ! unsolv$ problems
 ( ! task1 too occupi$ ) ! difficulty ( 
r5d]+ ! c5tral out/&+ features ( ! sc5e 
to be div]t$ by p]sonal affectations4 ,8
 realization ?us became vivid &         
intimate1 8 r5dition a*iev$ a s+ul>ity &
 epic =ce nev] aga9 to be f\nd 9        
tape/ry4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,demotte4   
,?is is "o ( ! few tape/ries t h be5    

improv$ by age4 ,"t has spread ov] x a  
slight gray bloom t seems to remove x f 
! actual _w1 giv+ x ! isolation t is s  
important a factor 9 /hetic effect2 yet 
! dep? & /r5g? ( ! colors h n be5       
weak5$1 = we int]pret ! grayness z a f9e
 veil ?r\gh :i* ! colors %9e ) _!       
orig9al purity4   ,sid5ote3 #c  ,,fl&]s1
 ,,middle ,,xv ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      
,wool4     ,h4 #ae ft4 #g 94     ,w4 #ad
 ft4 #g 94   ,,! ,,annunciation1 ,,!    
,,nativity1 ,,& ,,! ,,ann\ncem5t ,,to   
,,! ,,%eph]ds3 ,at ! left 9 a ,go?ic    
*apel ! ,annunciation4 ,! ,virg91 9 a   
ri*ly jewel$ & brocad$ robe1 reads !    
,holy ,book4 ,! angel 9 ri* robes kneels
 be=e h]4 ,! lilies are 9 a d9&]ie vase4
 ,?r\gh ! op5 door a bit ( l&scape is   
se51 & 9 a room beyond ! *apel two wom5 
sit read+4 ,! ,nativity1 at ! "r1 is "u 
a p5t ro(4 ,! ,virg91 ,joseph1 & ,sa9t  
,elizabe? kneel 9 adoration ab\t ! ,holy
 ,babe1 :o lies on ! fl[]-/rewn grass4  
,john kneels 9 front ( 8 "m1 & 9 !      
=egr\nd an angel also wor%ips4 ,above & 

beyond ! /able ! ?ree %eph]ds sit t5d+  
_! flocks1 & an angel be>+ ! ann\ncem5t 
inscrib$ on a scroll flutt]s d[n to !m f
 ,heav54 ,oak-trees1 rose-v9es1 &       
blossom+ orange-trees 9 ! grass4        
,illu/ration3      ,! ,annunciation1 ,! 
,nativity1 & ,! ,ann\ncem5t to !        
,%eph]ds      ,no4 #c   ,illu/ration3   
,sc5es f ! ,roman de la ,rose      ,no4 
#d   ,?is tape/ry belongs to a small & v
 int]e/+ gr\p1 all evid5tly ! "w ( "o   
design]4 ,! ?ree fam\s ,conv]sations    
,galantes 7long errone\sly call$ !      
,baille des ,roses7 9 ! ,metropolitan   
,museum are by ! same man1 z are ! f\r  
panels ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,loh5gr9 9 ,sa9t   
,ca!r9e's ,*ur*1 ,crac[1 ! fif?         
fragm5t>y panel ( ! s]ies be+ 9 ! ,muse 
,indu/rielle1 ,crac[4 ,a fragm5t f !    
same design] %[+ a p>ty ( hunt]s is 9 ! 
,*ur* ( ,notre ,dame de ,saumur de      
,nantilly1 & ano!r fragm5t depict+ a    
combat is 9 ! ,muse des ,arts           
,decoratifs4 ,?ree small fragm5ts--"o ) 
a s+le figure ( a "y man ) a swan1 l !  

,metropolitan pieces1 on a /rip$ gr\nd1 
ano!r %[+ a k+ read+ 9 a portico v      
simil> to ! portico ( ! ,annunciation1 &
 ! ?ird %[+ a gr\p ( p c5t]$ ab\t a     
k+--7 9 ! ,heilbronn] ,collection4      
,s*mitz po9ts out#a a connection betwe5 
! ?ree ,metropolitan pieces & ! s]ies ( 
sev5 pieces depict+ ! life ( ,sa9t ,pet]
 9 ! ,beauvais ,ca!dral1 ) an eigh?     
piece 9 ! ,cluny ,muse1 & x is q evid5t 
t ! c>toons are ! "w ( ! same man4 ,b   
:]eas ! o!r pieces all h ! same         
*>act]i/ics 9 ! weav+1 ?is s]ies %[s a  
some:at diff]5t te*nique 9 su* details z
 ! outl9e & ! hat*+s1 s t "o mu/ assume 
!y 7 wov5 on ano!r loom4  ,=tunately1   
!re is docum5t>y in=mation on "o set ( !
 type t enables u to say def9itely :]e &
 :5 ! :ole gr\p 0 made4 ,! ,loh5gr9 set 
0 ord]$ by ,philip ! ,good f ! fir/     
,gr5i] ( ,t\rnai 9 #adfb4 ,!re c be no  
reasonable d\bt t ! set 9 ,sa9t         
,ca!r9e's ,*ur* is ! same1 = 9 ?is set !
 knight is q app>5tly model$ aft] ,duke 
,philip himself1 judg+ f ! portraits (  

him 9 bo? ! ,romance ( ,g]>d de         
,r\sillon 7,vi5na ,h(-biblio?que7 & 9 ! 
,hi/ory ( ,haynaut 7,biblio?que ,royale1
 ,brussels74  ,s*mitz ass]ts t x is     
almo/ c]ta9ly useless to seek ! au?or ( 
^! c>toons among contempor>y pa9t]s1 z  
!y are probably ! "w ( a pr(essional    
c>toon pa9t]1 ( :i* ! ,dukes ( ,burgundy
 kept sev]al 9 _! s]vice--& ?is is      
probably true4 ,b arti/s 7 n z          
specializ$ !n z !y are n[1 & ev5 a      
pr(essional tape/ry design] might v well
 on occasion turn 8 h& to illu/rat+ a   
manuscript or mak+ a sket* = an enamel1 
s t x is n impossible t fur!r rese>* 9 !
 o!r contempor>y arts may br+ to light m
 in=mation ab\t ?is m>k$ p]sonality :o  
creat$ s individual a /yle4  ,sid5ote3  
,l5t by ,duve5 ,bro!rs4  ,?is tape/ry is
 exce$+ly int]e/+1 n only = its m>k$    
/yle ( draw+ & its qua9t *>m1 b = !     
direct s9c]ity ( ! pres5tation & !      
brilliant & r unaccu/om$ range ( colors4
   ,sid5ote3 #d  ,,fl&]s1 ,,middle ,,xv 
,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4 

,h4 #h ft4 #d 94     ,w4 #bj ft4 #d 94  
,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 ,skipton ,ca/le1     
,irel&4  ,,sc5es ,,f ,,! ,,roman ,,de   
,,la ,,rose3 ,?is piece illu/rates "o ( 
! mo/ popul> romances ( ! ,middle ,ages1
 ! ,romance ( ! ,rose1 ! fir/ "p ( :i* 0
 writt5 9 #accg by ,guillaume de        
,lorris1 ! second "p 9 #acgh by ,jean de
 ,meung1 & translat$ into ,engli% by    
,*auc]4 ,! culm9at+ sc5es are repres5t$4
 ,jeal\sy has imprison$ ,bel ,acceuil 9 
a t[] because he help$ ! ,lov] see !    
,rose aft] ,jeal\sy _h =bidd5 x4 ,!     
,lov] calls all 8 foll[]s1 ,frankness1  
,honor1 ,ri*es1 ,nobility ( ,he>t1      
,leisure1 ,beauty1 ,c\rage1 ,k9dness1   
,pity1 & a ho/ ( o!rs1 to aid him 9     
rescu+ ! prison]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! /ruggle
 ,sc&al1 "o ( ,jeal\sy's h5*m51 is      
trapp$ by two ( ! ,lov]'s foll[]s pos+ z
 ,pilgrims1 :o cut 8 ?roat & cut out 8  
tongue4 ,) ! aid ( ,v5us1 ! ,lov] f9ally
 w9s4  ,sid5ote3 ,exhibit$3  ,*icago    
,art ,in/itute1 ,go?ic ,exhibition1     
#aiba4  ,! piece is v close 9 draw+ to !

 illu/rations ( ! ,ma/] ( ! ,gold5      
,fleece1#b :om ,l9dn] has id5tifi$ z    
,philip de ,maz>olles4 ,! long bony1    
egg-%ap$ heads t look z if ! necks 7    
atta*$ z an aft]?\ght1 ! %oe-button     
eyes1 flat m\?s1 & peak$ noses all occur
 9 8 _m illu/rations4 ,*>act]i/ic ( him1
 too1 are ! cr[d$ gr\p+ ( ! sc5e & !    
great c>e 9 pres5t+ ! accessories1 e g[n
 be+ an individual design1 :]eas _m ( 8 
contempor>y illu/rators cont5t$ !mselves
 ) r5d]+ ! g5]al /yle )\t v>iations4 ,! 
conv5tional trees are probably ! weav]'s
 int]polations4 ,! top ( ! tape/ry be+  
gone1 !re is no possibility ( kn[+ :e!r 
8 cu/om>y ar*itectural backgr\nd 0      
includ$ or n4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4
 ,fr5*  ,company4  ,! tape/ry is        
int]e/+1 n only because x is qua9t1 b   
because x is a vivid illu/ration ( ! _s 
( ! "t--virile1 cruel1 yet              
self-consci\sly morali/ic4   ,sid5ote3  
#e  ,,fl&]s1 ,,middle ,,xv ,,c5tury     
,sid5ote3      ,wool4     ,h4 #aj ft4 #i
 94     ,w4 #ag ft4 #e 94   ,,!         

,,v9tage3 ,?is piece 0 probably         
orig9ally "o ( a s]ies ( ! ,mon?s1      
repres5t+ ,septemb]4 ,gr\ps ( lords &   
ladies h /roll$ d[n f ! ca/le 9 !       
backgr\nd to wat* ! peasants ga!r+ &    
press+ ! grapes4  ,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 !  
,collection ( ,ed\>d ,ayn>d1 ,p>is4     
,sid5ote3 ,exhibit$3  ,exhibition ( !   
,middle ,ages & ! ,r5aissance1 ,old     
,palace ( ,sagan1 ,p>is1 #aiac4  ,!     
co/umes & ! draw+ indicate t ! piece 0  
made 9 ,burgundy at ! "t ( ,philip !    
,good4 ,9 fact1 x is s close to ! "w (  
"o ( ! mo/ prolific ( ! illu/rators :o  
work$ = ,philip ! ,good t x is safe to  
assume t ! orig9al draw+ = ! c>toons 0 8
 "w4 ,9 ! pung5cy ( ! illu/ration & !   
vivacity ( ! episodes z well z 9 num]\s 
details x foll[s closely ! *>act]i/ics (
 ,loysot ,ly$et4 ,"h are ! same         
/rong-featur$ faces ) l>ge prom95t squ>e
 m\?s1 ! same exagg]at$ly long & ?9 legs
 ) sudd5ly bulg+ calves on ! m51 ! same 
rapidly sket*$ flat h&s1 & ! same       
attitudes4 ,! v exact draw+ ( ! bun*es (

 grapes p>allels ! exactness ) :i* he   
r5d]s ! h\sehold ut5sils 9 8 indoor     
sc5es1 & ! dogs1 :ile !y are ( types    
famili> 9 all ! illu/rations ( ! "t1 h !
 decid$ p]sonalities & al]t mann] t he  
seem$ to take p>ticul> pleasure 9 giv+  
!m4  ,sid5ote3 ,reproduc$3  ,les ,arts1 
,sept41 #aiac2 ,gazette des ,beaux      
,arts1 #aiac4  ,ano!r tape/ry t seems to
 be f ! same h& is ,le ,bal de ,sauvages
 9 l',eglise de ,nantilly de ,saumur4   
,! piece is "o ( ! mo/ vivid & conv9c+  
illu/rations ( ! life ( ! "t t has come 
d[n to u 9 tape/ry =m4 ,! silh\ett+ ( ! 
figures aga9/ contra/+ colors & !       
/ructural emphasis ( ! v]tical l9es give
 ! design great cl>ity & /r5g?4         
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,jacques ,seligmann   
,company4      ,loysot ,ly$et 0 work+ = 
! ,dukes ( ,burgundy 9 #adfa4 ,he di$   
ab\t #adfh4 ,among ! mo/ fam\s ( 8      
illu/rations are ^?     ( ! ,hi/ory (   
,*>les ,m>tel 7,biblio?que ,royale1     
,brussels7     ,hi/ory ( ,alex&]        
7,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is7 & !     

,roman ,hi/ory 7,biblio?que de          
l',ars5al1 ,p>is47   ,sid5ote3 #f       
,,g]many1 ,,probably ,,nuremb]g1        
,,middle ,,xv ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3       
,wool & ,gold4     ,h4 #c ft4 #f 94     
,w4 #g ft4 #f 94   ,,sc5es ,,f ,,!      
,,life ,,( ,,*ri/3 ,! ,life ( ,*ri/ is  
%[n 9 eight small sc5es1 beg9n+ ) !     
,entrance into ,j]usalem1 ! ,f>ewell to 
8 ,"m1 ! ,la/ ,supp]1 ! ,agony 9 !      
,g>d51 ! ,c>ry+ ( ! ,cross1 !           
,crucifixion1 ! ,pieta1 & ! ,entombm5t4 
,! sc5es 9 ?is tape/ry 7 app>5tly adapt$
 f ! illu/rations f a ,nuremb]g         
manuscript ( ! middle ( ! ,x,vth c5tury4
 ,( c\rse1 ! weav+ may h be5 done lat]4 
,! simplifi$ arrangem5t ( ! sc5es ) a   
r$uction to a m9imum ( ! numb] ( actors1
 ! relative size ( ! figures to ! small 
squ>es ( ! compositions1 ! m>k$         
indebt$ness 9 ! use ( l9e & light & %ade
 to woodcuts1 & ! c\rage\s b n altoge!r 
easy use ( ! direct pr(ile1 all br+ !   
pieces into close relation%ip ) su* book
 illu/rations z ^? ( ,george ,pf9z+'s   

book ( travels 7,! ,pilgrimage to       
,j]usalem71 n[ 9 ! ,city ,libr>y (      
,nuremb]g4#c ,9 fact1 ! p>allelism is s 
v close1 ! tape/ry may well h be5 adapt$
 f illu/rations by ! same man1 !        
curi\sly conv5tionaliz$ l9e-&-dot eyes  
be+ v *>act]i/ic ( ! ,pf9z+ illu/rations
 & n common to all ! s*ool4  ,sid5ote3  
,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*  ,company4  ,9    
weav+ _m ( ! figures ! w>p is curv$ to  
foll[ ! cont\rs4  ,! nave directness &  
unassum+ s9c]ity ( ! piece give x great 
int]e/4   ,sid5ote3 #g  ,,t\rnai1 ,,?ird
 ,,qu>t] ,,xv ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3       
,wool4     ,h4 #aj ft4 #f 94     ,w4 #h 
ft4 #i 94   ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,h]cules3 
,h]cules1 clad 9 a magnific5t suit ( %9+
 black armor1 rides into ! ?icke/ tumult
 ( a furi\s battle2 ) sword 9 8 "r h&1  
he skillfully p>ries ! ?ru/ ( a huge    
lance1 :ile ) ! o!r h& he deals a sw++  
backh& bl[ t smites an enemy footman    
into ins5sibility4 ,8 next oppon5t1     
obvi\sly bewild]$ & fright5$1 has       
half-turn$ to flee4 ,! :ole app>atus (  

m$ival combat is %[n 9 int5se & cr[d$   
action4 ,! piece is incomplete4  ,?is   
tape/ry illu/rates "o ( ! favorite      
/ories ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & 0 und\bt$ly 
orig9ally "o ( a set4 ,9 design x is    
closely relat$ to ! fam\s ,w>s ( ,troy  
s]ies1 _m examples ( :i* are kn[n & "s (
 ! fir/ sket*es = :i* are 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,x
 is also closely relat$ to ! ,hi/ory (  
,titus set 9 ! ,ca!drale de ,notre ,dame
 de ,nantilly de ,saumur4#d ,bo? ( ^!   
sets are sign$ by ,jean ,van ,room1 &   
?is piece also is und\bt$ly f 8 c>toon4 
,all ( ^! pieces 7 probably wov5 betwe5 
#adfj & #adgj4  ,jean ,van ,room        
7sometimes call$ de ,bruxelles7 is "o ( 
! mo/ int]e/+ p]sonalities connect$ ) ! 
hi/ory ( ,go?ic tape/ry4 ,he 0 a c>toon 
pa9t] & probably conduct$ a l>ge /udio1 
judg+ f ! numb] ( pieces ( 8 :i* are    
left to u4 ,=tunately1 he _h a habit (  
sign+ 8 "n on obscure p>ts ( ! designs1 
su* z ! bord]s ( g>m5ts4 ,8 "w ext5ds   
ov] sixty ye>s & *anges m>k$ly 9 /yle   
dur+ t "t1 adapt+ itself to ! *ang+ ta/e

 ( 8 cli5ts4 ,?is piece illu/rates 8    
e>lie/ mann]4 ,9 ! succe$+ decades he is
 m & m affect$ by ! ,r5aissance & !     
,italian influ5ce1 until 8 late/ pieces 
7cf4 ,no4 #ba7 are q unlike ^! fir/     
designs4 ,at ! close ( ! c5tury he began
 to collaborate ) ,matre ,philippe1     
evid5tly a y\ng] man1 :o _h _h ,italian 
in/ruction & 0 less re/ra9$ by e>ly     
,go?ic tra9+ 7cf4 ,nos4 #ag-ai74  ,jean 
,van ,room seems to h done designs =    
enamels1 also1 t 7 execut$ 9 ! /udio ( !
 s-call$ ,monva]ni4 ,9 ! collection (   
,otto ,h4 ,kahn is a ,jesus be=e ,pilate
 v close 9 /yle to ,jean ,van ,room's   
e>ly "w1#e on :i* appe> ! lett]s ,m ,e  
,r ,a1 :i* might ev5 be a pi$ misspell+ 
( ,room1 = simil> confus$ signatures    
appe> on tape/ries kn[n to be 84 ,a     
tripty* ) ,crucifixion 9 ! collection ( 
,*>les ,p4 ,taft#f has figures v close  
to ! ,crucifixion tape/ry 9 ! ,ca!dral (
 ,ang]s done by ,van ,room 9 8 middle   
p]iod4 ,accord+ to ,m>quet de ,vasselot1
 ?is enamel be>s ! lett]s ,,j5rage1 b   

,m4 de ,vasselot also comm5ts on its    
illegibility 9 ! pres5t condition ( !   
enamel4 ,c\ld he h misread a lett] or   
two8 ,/ill ano!r tripty* ) ,crucifixion1
 9 ! ,h]mitage1#g actually repeats two  
figures f ! ,ang]s ,crucifixion ) only v
 slight v>iations4  ,jean ,van ,room    
borr[$ lib]ally f v>i\s o!r arti/s at   
diff]5t /ages ( 8 c>e]4 ,9 ! ,w>s (     
,troy1 ! ,hi/ory ( ,titus1 & ?is piece  
he seems to h reli$ prim>ily on ,jean le
 ,tav]ni] = 8 models1 ! affiliation be+ 
especially close 9 ! ,w>s ( ,troy4 ,le  
,tav]ni] is kn[n to h illu/rat$ ! ,w>s (
 ,troy1#h & ,jean ,van ,room1 judg+ f ! 
close /yli/ic relations ( 8 ,troy       
tape/ries ) le ,tav]ni]'s draw+s1       
evid5tly took 8 h9ts f ?is lo/          
manuscript4  ,illu/ration3      ,!      
,v9tage      ,no4 #e   ,illu/ration3    
,entombm5t on ,millefleurs      ,no4 #h 
,?is piece 0 probably wov5 "u ,pasqui]  
,gr5i] at ,t\rnai1 z 7 ! ,w>s ( ,troy1  
on :i* !re are "s docum5ts4  ,sid5ote3  
,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*  ,company4  ,?is  

tape/ry pres5ts ) extraord9>y vividness 
! fury1 d91 excessive ef=t1 hot         
excitem5t1 & bl9d+ confusion ( cr[d$    
h&-to-h& conflicts t m>k$ m$ival w>f>e4 
,x mu/ h be5 conceiv$ & r5d]$ by an     
eye-witness :o knew h[ to select &      
assemble ! raw facts ( ! situation ) su*
 hone/y & directness t an ov]:elm+      
impression ( =ce & tumult is creat$1 & x
 0 wov5 = patrons1 ! fight+ ,dukes (    
,burgundy1 by :om e gruesome incid5t    
w\ld be obs]v$ ) reli% & e f9e po9t (   
individual combat not$ ) a %rewd &      
apprais+ eye4   ,sid5ote3 #h  ,,france1 
,,end ,,xv ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3          
,wool4     ,h4 #b ft4 #aj 94     ,w4 #g 
ft4 #aj 94   ,,entombm5t ,,on           
,,millefleurs3 ,*ri/ lies on ! tomb :i* 
is inscrib$ ,humani ,g5]is ,r$eptori4   
,john 9 a r$ cloak1 ! ,virg9 9 a blue   
cloak ov] a r$ brocad$ dress1 & ,m>y    
,magdal5e 9 a r$ cloak ov] a gre5 dress 
/& beh9d ! tomb4 ,at ! head1 remov+ !   
cr[n ( ?orns1 /&s ,joseph ( ,arima!a &  
at ! foot ,nicodemus4 ,bo? ,joseph &    

,nicodemus are 9 ri*ly brocad$ robes4   
,bord]s at ! sides only ( alt]nate blue 
& r$ squ>es inscrib$ ,i ,h ,s & ,m ,a   
surr\nd$ by jewel$ frames4 ,millefleurs 
on a blue gr\nd4 ,9 ! upp] left corn] ! 
monogram ,i ,s & 9 ! upp] "r ,w ,s1 ) a 
scroll "u ea* be>+ ! inscription de     
,mailly4  ,?is tape/ry is an unusually  
delicately & p]fectly r5d]$ example ( ! 
millefleurs aux p]sonnages ( ,france ( !
 late ,go?ic p]iod4 ,a small piece l ?is
 0 und\bt$ly made = a private *apel1    
probably t ( ! de ,mailly family4 ,?is  
quality ( millefleurs 0 probably wov5 9 
,t\ra9e4 ,an alt> frontal %[+ ! ,pieta  
:i* is v simil> 9 /yle is 9 !           
,kun/gew]be ,museum4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by 
,demotte4  ,! draw+ has ! nice exactness
 ( a f9i%$ m9iature1 ! workman%ip !     
brilliance ( enamel2 yet bo? are        
transfigur$ by ! vivid conception ( !   
tragic ev5t4 ,its utt] pa?os is express$
 ) mov+ p[]4 ,we are 9 ! pres5ce ( an   
unutt]ably solemn mom5t4   ,sid5ote3 #i 
,,france1 ,,end ,,xv ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3

      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #d ft4 #f  
94     ,w4 #c ft4   ,,millefleurs       
,,armorial ,,) ,,wild ,,m53 ,on a       
delicate millefleurs gr\nd a wild man & 
woman hold an armorial %ield surm\nt$ by
 a w+$ helmet4  ,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 ! ,c4
 ,d4 ,b>ney ,collection4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t
 by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*  ,company4  ,! wild   
m51 probably a modifi$ revival ( !      
classical satyrs 9 modifi$ =m1 7 v      
popul> 9 ,france 9 ! ,x,i,i,ith &       
,x,i,vth c5turies4 ,!re are tape/ries   
extant depict+ ! balls :]e all ! company
 came dress$ 9 hairy tights to repres5t 
^! creatures4 ,froiss>t rec\nts an      
episode ( a ball at ! ,hotel ,/4 ,pol 9 
,p>is 9 #acib :5 ! k+ & five ( 8        
companions came 9 su* co/umes1 all *a9$ 
toge!r1 & ! flax us$ to imitate ! hair  
caught fire f a tor*1 s t 9 an in/ant   
all 7 envelop$ 9 flames4 ,! k+ 0 sav$ by
 ! pres5ce ( m9d ( 8 c\s91 :o envelop$  
him 9 h] skirts1 & ano!r 0 sav$ by jump+
 into a tub ( wat] he _h notic$ e>li] 9 
! ev5+ 9 an adjac5t s]vice-room4 ,! o!rs

 7 burn$ to dea?4   ,sid5ote3 #aj       
,,france1 ,,beg9n+ ,,xvi ,,c5tury       
,sid5ote3      ,wool4     ,h4 #g ft4 #aj
 94     ,w4 #aj ft4 #g 94               
,,millefleurs ,,) ,,%eph]ds ,,& ,,!     
,,%ield ,,( ,,! ,,rigaut ,,family3      
,aga9/ a backgr\nd ( conv5tionaliz$     
millefleurs1 %eph]ds & %eph]desses & _! 
flock4 ,9 ! c5t]1 two peasants hold+ a  
%ield1 evid5tly ( ! ,rigaut family4 ,9 !
 corn]s ! %ield ( ,rigaut & ( ano!r     
family4 ,! tape/ry 0 evid5tly made to   
celebrate a m>riage1 ! corn] %ields     
signify+ ! jo9+ ( ! families1 an oblique
 ref]5ce be+ int5d$ 9 ! pair+ ( !       
%eph]ds & %eph]desses4 ,a scroll 9 !    
c5t] be>s ! inscription ,p> ,ii ,passe  
,rigaut4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4     
,fr5*  ,company4  ,! navet bo? ( !      
*>act]ization & ( ! draw+ t emphasizes !
 /ructural & silh\ette "* ( ! figures   
contributes greatly to ! *>m ( ?is      
piece4 ,! clean1 %>p r5d]+ ( !          
millefleurs enhances ! decorative       
effect4 ,! piece is probably ! "w ( a   

small prov9cial loom4   ,sid5ote3 #aa   
,,france1 ,,probably ,,la ,,m>*e1       
,,beg9n+ ,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      
,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #e ft4 #g 94     
,w4 #i ft4 #d 94   ,,millefleurs ,,)    
,,animals3 ,aga9/ a l>ge-scale          
millefleurs gr\nd on blue1 de] are play+
 ab\t a f\nta9 )9 a paddock4 ,on a      
f5ce-po/ p]*es a peacock4 ,outside !    
f5ce a fox waits1 wat*+ slyly4 ,9 !     
backgr\nd conv5tional ca/les4  ,sid5ote3
 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*  ,company4  ,!   
floreation is r unusual1 z x %[s !      
transition f ! ,go?ic millefleurs to !  
,r5aissance v]dure4 ,! enl>g$ scale ( ! 
fl[]s & ! use ( ! iris & ! scroll$      
?i/le-leaves 9 ! =egr\nd %[ ! influ5ce (
 ! ,r5aissance1 b ! daisies & wild roses
 are /ill ,go?ic 9 feel+1 z are !       
unusually *>m+ & vivaci\s de]4 ,!       
conv5tional r5d]+ ( ! wat] is skillfully
 manag$4 ,! sly fox is especially well  
*>act]iz$4  ,illu/ration3               
,millefleurs ) ,%eph]ds & ! ,%ield ( !  
,rigaut ,family         ,no4 #aj        

,illu/ration3      ,pa/oral ,sc5e       
,no4 #ac    ,sid5ote3 #ab  ,,france1    
,,probably ,,la ,,m>*e1 ,,e>ly ,,xvi    
,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool4     ,h4 
#d ft4 #e 94     ,w4 #i ft4 #e 94       
,,millefleurs ,,) ,,animals3            
,millefleurs ) animals on a blue gr\nd4 
,at ! top a n>r[ /rip ( conv5tionaliz$  
hilly l&scape4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by       
,dikran ,k4 ,kelekian4  ,_m tape/ries ( 
?is type 7 wov5 9 ,france at ! end ( !  
,x,vth & beg9n+ ( ! ,x,v,ith c5tury4 ,!y
 are "o ( ! mo/ successful types (      
tape/ry decoration1 ! qua9t animals 9   
?is piece be+ especially *>m+1 & "o ( ! 
mo/ g5]ally useful k9ds ( wall          
decoration1 s t ! dem& = !m 0 l>ge &    
cont9u\s4 ,z a result1 ! /yle 0 produc$ 
almo/ )\t modification = ov] a hundr$   
ye>s4 ,only ! bit ( l&scape at ! top    
indicates t ?is 0 wov5 9 ! beg9n+ ( !   
,x,v,ith c5tury & n 9 ! middle ( !      
,x,vth4   ,sid5ote3 #ac  ,,france1      
,,late ,,xv ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3         
,wool4     ,h4 #i ft4 #f 94     ,w4 #i  

ft4   ,,pa/oral ,,sc5e3 ,two ladies h   
/roll$ into ! c\ntry ) _! lords1 :o are 
on ! way to ! hunt1 "o ) a falcon & !   
o!r ) a spe> & dog4 ,on ! way !y h /opp$
 to talk to a gr\p ( peasants :o are    
t5d+ _! flocks & to play ) _! *ildr54   
,"o "y peasant girl is ga!r+ a basket ( 
grapes4  ,su* peasant sc5es z ?is 7 mu* 
9 dem& dur+ ! ,x,vth c5tury4 ,a piece v 
simil> bo? 9 g5]al _s & 9 detail$ draw+ 
& facial types is 9 ! ,muse des ,arts   
,decoratifs4 ,9 ?is two lords are wat*+ 
a l>ge gr\p ( woodcutt]s4  ,sid5ote3    
,=m]ly 9 ! ,de ,zolte ,collection4  ,!  
piece is an excell5t illu/ration ( !    
cl>ity ( ,fr5* design4 ,ea* figure /&s  
out almo/ entirely deta*$ aga9/ !       
backgr\nd4 ,yet1 nev]!less1 !           
naturalness ( ! gr\p+ is n sacrific$4 ,!
 piece conveys extraord9>ily !          
impression ( a real sc5e1 a common daily
 occurr5ce among p t we might reasonably
 expect to "k1 at :i* we are all[$ to be
 pres5t 9 spite ( ! int]v5+ f\r hundr$  
ye>s4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,duve5 ,bro!rs4

  ,"s ( ! tricks ( draw+ & ! types      
portray$ are s v simil> to ^? 9 "s ( !  
/a9$-glass w9d[s ( ,/4 ,eti5ne du ,mont 
& ( ,/4 ,g]ma9-l',aux]rois ! c>toons mu/
 be by memb]s ( ! same s*ool1 "o ( !    
gr\ps ( l',ile de ,france1 & may q      
possibly be by ! same man4   ,sid5ote3  
#ad-af  ,,fl&]s1 ,,fir/ ,,qu>t] ,,xvi   
,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4 
,no4 #ad3     ,h4 #aa ft4 #f 94     ,w4 
#ad ft4 #b 94   ,sid5ote3      ,no4 #ae3
     ,h4 #aj ft4 #i 94     ,w4 #g ft4 #c
 94      ,no4 #af3     ,h4 #aa ft4      
,w4 #aj ft4 #e 94   ,,?ree ,,pieces ,,f 
,a ,,s]ies ,,illu/rat+ ,,! ,,cre$3 ,?is 
s]ies ( sc5es illu/rat+ ! ,cre$ beg9s   
7,no4 #ad7 ) ! ,creation ( ! ,_w4 ,!    
design]1 evid5tly ) "s allegorical poem 
9 m9d1 includes 9 ! sc5e ,sapi5tia1     
,pot5cia1 & ,b5ignitas1 depict$1 9      
*>act]i/ic m$ieval =m1 z ?ree ri*ly     
dress$ wom54 ,9 ! c5t] sc5e ^! ?ree (f] 
! _w to ,god4 ,on ! "r1 ,gub]nacio1     
,r$empcio1 & ,c>itas /& "u ! ?rone ( !  
,tr9ity4  ,9 ! second piece 7,no4 #ae7 !

 s]ies cont9ues ) ! ,life ( ,*ri/1      
beg9n+ ) ! ,annunciation1 ! ,nativity1 &
 ! ,adoration ( ! ,k+s4  ,rev]t+ to !   
old] tradition ( ! ,x,i,vth c5tury t _h 
be5 almo/ displac$ dur+ ! ,x,vth c5tury1
 all ! ev5ts ( ,*ri/'s public life are  
omitt$1 & ! ?ird piece 7,no4 #af7       
depicts ! sc5es ( ! ,passion1 includ+ ! 
popul> int]polation ( ,*ri/'s f>ewell to
 8 ,"m1 ) ! ,apo/les 9 ! backgr\nd1 !   
,resurrection1 & f9ally ,*ri/ tak+ 8    
place at ! "r h& ( ,god :ile ! angels s+
 hosannas4  ,bel[1 ?r\gh\t ! s]ies1 is !
 set ( ! ,apo/les fac+ ,prophets1       
symbolic ( ! p>allelism ( ! ,old & ,new 
,te/am5ts1 ea* ) a scroll be>+ 8 spee* 9
 ! conv5tional responses depict$ 9 s _m 
works ( art ( ! p]iod4 ,s ,pet] 7,no4   
#ad71 says1 ,i believe 9 ,god ! ,fa!r   
,omnipot5t1 & ,j]emiah1 :o faces him1   
replies1 ,y invoke ! ,fa!r :o made ! e>?
 & build$ ! heav5s4 ,next 7,no4 #ae7    
comes ,&rew1 :o orig9ally fac$ ,david1 a
 figure n[ miss+4 ,! next pair1 ,john & 
,daniel1 is also miss+4 ,!re foll[ 7,no4

 #af7 ,?omas1 :o orig9ally fac$ ,hosea1 
& ,john ! ,less]1 :o is opposite ,amos4 
,above1 on ei!r side ( ! ,nativity 7,no4
 #ae71 is introduc$ ano!r pair1 ,john ! 
,great] & ,isaiah4  ,! complete piece1 (
 :i* numb] #af is ! "r-h& end1 0 =m]ly 9
 ! ,tol$o ,ca!dral1 !n 9 ! collection ( 
,a%] ,w]!im]1 ( ,london4 ,! pres5t own] 
is unkn[n4#i ,ano!r r5dition 0 9 !      
,vatican1 b disappe>$ 9 ! middle ( !    
,x,i,xth c5tury4#aj  ,tape/ries         
illu/rat+ ! ,cre$ 7 common ?r\gh\t !    
,middle ,ages4 ,!y appe> frequ5tly 9    
,x,i,vth-c5tury inv5tories1 & a numb] ( 
examples f ! ,x,vth & e>ly ,x,v,ith     
c5tury are left to u4 ,! ,apo/les &     
,prophets arrang$ 9 pairs are a common  
feature ( ?is type ( tape/ry4  ,sid5ote3
 ,=m]ly 9 ,evora ,palace1 ,portugal4  ,!
 c>toons are evid5tly ! "w ( ! pa9t] :o 
pa9t$ ! ceil+ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,guy at   
,na>d51 :om ,dr4 ,six t5tatively        
id5tifies z ,alb]t ,claesz4#aa ,!       
simil>ity is too close to be ov]look$4  
,! ,*ri/ ( ! ,na>d5 ,resurrection#ab &  

?is ,resurrection are almo/ id5tical1 ! 
face ( ,god ! ,fa!r 9 ! ,assumption is  
almo/ id5tical ) t ( an onlook] 9 !     
,na>d5 ,betrayal1#ac & ,adam 9 ! fir/   
piece ( ?is s]ies closely resembles !   
,*ri/ ( ! ,na>d5 ,flagellation4#ad ,b m 
indicative are ! less] peculi>ities     
common to bo? s]ies4 ,!re are 9 bo? !   
same curi\sly flatt5$ & slightly di/ort$
 skulls ) v l>ge e>s1 ! same l>ge eyes )
 heavy ar*$ lids & eyebr[s close above  
!m1 oblique & n q correctly plac$ 9 !   
?ree-qu>t] views1 & always look+ beyond 
_! focus4 ,! m\?s1 too1 9 "s ( ! faces  
are ov]emphasiz$ 9 ! same way1 & ! feet 
h ! same qua9t di/ortion1 be+ se5 f     
above1 z 9 ! figure ( ! ,prophet ,john  
7,no4 #ae74 ,& 9 v conspicu\s m9or      
agreem5t1 ! cross has a /rongly indicat$
 & rigidly conv5tionaliz$ gra9+ id5tical
 9 ! two r5ditions4 ,! attitude ( !     
,*ri/ & ! indication ( ! g>m5t 9 !      
,tol$o tape/ry is v close to t 9 !      
,na>d5 pa9t+4  ,illu/ration3      ,!    
,creation ( ! ,_w      ,no4 #ad         

,illu/ration3      ,f\r ,sc5es f ! ,life
 ( ,*ri/      ,no4 #ag   ,! floreation 0
 probably introduc$ by ! weav]4 ,!      
delightfully exact sc5e ( ! owl scold$  
by a magpie1 :ile a pigeon sits ne> by &
 ano!r bird flutt]s ab\t 7,no4 #ad71 is 
repeat$ ) slight v>iations 9 a numb] (  
,x,v,ith-c5tury pieces4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t 
by ,demotte4  ,! draw+ 9 ^! tape/ries is
 r unusually primitive = pieces ( ?is   
p]iod1 b ! figures h a broad monum5tal  
"* & a direct s9c]ity ( be>+ t make !m v
 conv9c+4   ,sid5ote3 #ag-ai  ,,fl&]s1  
,,probably ,,brussels1 ,,beg9n+ ,,xvi   
,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4 
,no4 #ag3     ,h4 #aa ft4 #aj 94     ,w4
 #ag ft4 #f 94      ,no4 #ah3     ,h4   
#aa ft4 #g 94     ,w4 #g ft4 #e 94      
,no4 #ai3     ,h4 #ab ft4     ,w4 #bf   
ft4   ,,?ree ,,pieces ,,f ,a ,,s]ies    
,,illu/rat+ ,,! ,,cre$3 ,9 ! fir/ piece 
7,no4 #ag7 f\r sc5es f ! ,life ( ,*ri/  
are portray$3 ! ,adoration ( ! ,k+s1 !  
,pres5tation at ! ,temple1 ! meet+ (    
,*ri/ & ,john1 & ,*ri/ among ! ,doctors4

 ,9 ! corn] sits a prophet1 probably    
,david4 ,! piece und\bt$ly began ) !    
,nativity1 at ! left1 & possibly !      
,annunciation1 ) ! ,apo/le ,&rew 9 ! o!r
 corn]4 ,?is w\ld indicate t ! piece 0 !
 second 9 ! s]ies1 ! fir/ probably hav+ 
be5 ! ,creation ( ! ,e>?1 ) ,pet] &     
,j]emiah4  ,! second piece 7,no4 #ah7   
%[s ! ,circumcision & ! ,assumption ( ! 
,virg91 & evid5tly includ$ at lea/ "o m 
sc5e at ! "r4  ,sid5ote3 ,! ,la/        
,judgm5t 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,evora ,palace1    
,portugal1 & is illu/rat$ f ! ,l\vre    
example 9 ,migeon1 ,les ,arts de ,tissu1
 p4 #bbj2 9 "p1 9 ,e4 ,mle1 ,l',art     
religieux de la f9 du ,moy5 ,age en     
,france1 p4 #eja2 ,burl+ton1 vol4 #bj1  
p4 #i2 ,fig>o ,illu/r1 #aiaa4  ,! ?ird  
piece 7,no4 #ai7 %[s ! full sc5e ( !    
,la/ ,judgm5t ) a p]sonage :o seems to  
be ,philip 9 "o corn] & 9 ! o!r         
,zephaniah4 ,! piece is complete except1
 possibly1 = a bord]4 ,a tape/ry f !    
same c>toon ) a n>r[ bord] ( fl[]s is 9 
! ,l\vre4 ,*ri/1 en?ron$1 is surr\nd$ by

 ! ,virg91 ,sa9t ,john1 & ! elev5       
,apo/les4 ,angels1 be>+ in/rum5ts ( !   
,passion & s\nd+ trumpets flutt] ?r\gh !
 sky4 ,at ! "r ( ! ?rone angels come    
be>+ cr[ns = ! elect4 ,bel[ ! dead are  
ris+ f ! graves4 ,be=e ! ?rone ( ,*ri/  
,ju/ice be>+ a sword & ,pity be>+ a lily
 come to puni% ! ,sev5 ,deadly ,s9s1    
,pride1 ,av>ice1 ,luxury1 ,gre$1 ,ang]1 
,envy1 & ,laz9ess1 an episode adopt$ f !
 ,my/]y ,plays4 ,on ! bord] ( ! robe ( !
 ,virg9 appe> ! lett]s ,,wol & on !     
bord] ( ! robe ( ! la/ ,apo/le at       
,*ri/'s left ! lett]s ,,rim ,,daci      
,,bapti/a ,,oradi4  ,sid5ote3 ,!        
,circumcision & ,assumption is illu/rat$
 9 ,demotte1 ,les ,tapiss]ies go?iques1 
,premire ,srie1 pl4 #ci4  ,sev5 o!r l>ge
 tape/ries v closely relat$ to ^! are   
kn[n4 ,!y repres5t v>i\s episodes       
involv+ ,*ri/ & num]\s allegorical      
figures t h n be5 id5tifi$4 ,?ree ( ^!  
are 9 ! collection ( ,b>on de ,zuyl5 du 
,nyevelt de ,ha>1 two 9 ! ,burgos       
,ca!dral1 & two o!rs h pass$ into       

private collections & be5 lo/ sight     
(4#ae ,ano!r small] piece1 app>5tly ( ! 
same s]ies1 0 numb] ,x 9 ! ,morgan      
,collection4 ,?ree duplicates are also 9
 ,hampton ,c\rt4  ,! s]ies is closely   
relat$ also to ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 set 9 
! ,royal ,collection at ,madrid1 & also 
! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple ( ! ,m>t9 le 
,roy ,collection4 ,! c>toons are cle>ly 
! "w ( ,matre ,philippe1 & ! weav+ 0    
evid5tly done 9 ,fl&]s1 probably 9      
,brussels1 ab\t #aeaj4 ,m>quet de       
,vasselot sugge/s t ! c>toons ( ! ,m>t9 
le ,roy piece & ( ! ,madrid s]ies 7 done
 aft] a second ma/] "u ! influ5ce (     
,g]>d ,david4#af ,de/re1 foll[+ ,waut]s1
 sugge/s ,jean de ,bruxelles1 kn[n au?or
 ( ! c>toon = ! ,communion ( ,h]k5bald1 
ano!r ,matre ,philippe piece1 to :i* he 
sees a resemblance1#ag & ,?iry repeats !
 claim1 b on f>-fet*$ evid5ce4#ah       
,c]ta9ly ! types are v close to ^? (    
,g]>d ,david4 ,"s ( ! figures on        
,david's ,tree ( ,m>y 9 ! ,lyons        
,museum#ai are repeat$ almo/ exactly1 & 

"s ( ! female figures are v l ! ,sa9t 9 
! ,m>riage ( ,ca!r9e 9 ! ,san ,luca     
,academy at ,rome4#bj ,b o!r types1 su* 
z ,za*>ias 9 ! meet+ ( ,*ri/ & ,john1   
are m rem9isc5t ( ,hugo ,van d] ,goes1  
be+1 = in/ance1 almo/ id5tical ) ,joseph
 ( ,arima!a 9 ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross 9 !  
,national ,museum1 ,naples1#ba ev5 to   
su* details z ! draw+ & plac+ ( ! e>4 ,!
 glimpses ( l&scapes1 too1 are cle>ly   
d]iv$ f ,hugo 9 _! composition &        
details1 & ev5 ! floreations are close  
to ^? 9 "s ( ,hugo's "w1 notably !      
,orig9al ,s9 9 ! ,imp]ial ,gall]y (     
,vi5na1#bb :]e "o f9ds ! same upspr++   
%eaf ( iris4 ,! "w w\ld seem to be t ( a
 less] eclectic1 su* z ! au?or ( ! ,life
 ( ,m>y 9 ! ,bi%ops' ,palace at ,evora4 
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,demotte4  ,9 all !   
pieces !re are int5se s9c]ity & real    
gr&eur ( design4 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 9 !  
musical sw++ toge!r ( ! drap]ies1 !     
p]fect control ( ! great composition1 & 
9 ! f9e developm5t ( ! dom9ance ( ,*ri/ 
)\t sacrifice ( ! m9or episodes1 z well 

z 9 ! p[] ( expression ( ! ?rill+       
solemnity ( ! mom5t1 des]ves to rank ) !
 greate/ int]pretations ( ! subject4    
,sid5ote3 #bj  ,,brussels1 ,,beg9n+ ,,( 
,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool &  
,silk4     ,h4 #ab ft4 #c 94     ,w4 #ac
 ft4 #b 94   ,,sc5es ,,f ,a ,,romance3  
,a que5 surr\nd$ by h] c\rt awaits !    
prep>ation ( a docum5t4 ,!re is a g5]al 
int]*ange ( docum5ts among ! c\rti]s at 
! "r4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 upp] left1 a      
knight indites a lett]1 & on ! opposite 
side two knights wait on horseback4 ,!  
sc5es illu/rate "s contempor>y romance &
 are closely relat$ to ! ,c\rt ( ,love  
tape/ries t 7 s (t5 wov5 at ?is "t4     
,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 ! ,morgan            
,collection4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 
,fr5*  ,company4  ,! c>toon1 l ^? ( !   
,c\rt ( ,love sc5es1 is ! "w ( ! /udio (
 ,matre ,philippe4 ,jean ,van ,room     
probably collaborat$1 z 8 signature     
appe>s on a v simil> tape/ry ( ,david & 
,ba?%eba 9 ! ,royal ,spani%             
,collection4#bc ,z 9 t tape/ry1 !       

elegantly dress$ p]sons are q typical ( 
! prosp]\s burgh]s ( ! "t & might well  
be us$ z fa%ion plates4 ,! composition  
is skillful 9 ! balanc+ ( ! gr\ps & !   
mass+ ( ! drapes to =m a support = !    
dom9ant figure ( ! que54   ,sid5ote3 #ba
  ,,brussels1 ,,e>ly ,,xvi ,,c5tury     
,sid5ote3      ,h4 #ac ft4 #i 94     ,w4
 #bb ft4 #a 94   ,sid5ote3 ,b>b]9i      
,collection2 ,ff\lke ,collection4       
,illu/rat$3 ,ff\lke ,collection1 opp4 p4
 #dc4 ,exhibit$3 ,exposition d',art     
anci5 bruxellois1 ,brussels1 #aije1 ,no4
 ,,xxi4 ,illu/rat$3 ,de/re1 ,catalogue (
 same1 pl4 ,,xxiv4  ,,! ,,triumph ,,(   
,,david3 ,david c>ry+ ! head ( ,golia?  
on 8 sword & surr\nd$ by musicians is   
foll[$ by ,k+ ,saul & ,jona?an on       
horseback4 ,9 ! backgr\nd a hilly       
l&scape ) ! t5ts ( ! ,hebrews4 ,a n>r[  
floral bord]4  ,! c>toon 0 pa9t$ by     
,jean ,van ,room1 8 signature appe>+ on 
ano!r piece#bd ( ! same s]ies 9 ! ,muse 
du ,c9quant5aire1 ,brussels4 ,matre     
,philippe mu/ h collaborat$ ) him 9 ?is 

"w1 = a /rong ,italian influ5ce is      
evid5t :i* appe>s only 9 ! ,van ,room   
tape/ries t h _h ,philippe's assi/ance4 
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,mrs4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,van   
,antw]p4  ,?\gh ! draw+ & details %[ !  
incom+ ,r5aissance influ5ce1 ! full     
cont9u\s n>rative arrangem5t ( ! gr\p1 !
 /rong v]tical l9es ( ! figures1 & !    
simple model+ %[ ! t>ry+ ,go?ic feel+4  
,! gr\ps are beautifully mass$ & !      
individual figures %[ great dignity4    
,sid5ote3 #bb  ,,switz]l&1 ,,e>ly ,,xvi 
,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool4     ,h4 
#d ft4 #c 94     ,w4 #g ft4 #i 94       
,,two ,,pairs ,,( ,,lov]s3 ,two pairs ( 
lov]s are pictur$ aga9/ a backgr\nd (   
v9es ) blue-gre5 scroll$ leaves & l>ge  
r$ & yell[ blossoms on a d>k-blue field4
 ,! pair at ! "r is on ei!r side ( a    
,go?ic p$e/al on :i* is a small /atue4  
,! ladies are 9 r$ robes4 ,"o man is 9 a
 blue d\blet1 ! o!r 9 a two-ton$ r$     
brocad$ cloak4 ,bord] ( rose-v9es &     
daisies4  ,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 !          
,collection ( ,comtesse ,desautoy4  ,!  

piece 0 probably wov5 9 ,basle1 & is    
und\bt$ly adapt$ f a wood-block         
illu/ration 9 "o ( ,leonh>d ,ys5mu?'s   
publications4 ,! wid? & ri*ness ( !     
bord] indicate t x 0 done 9 ! e>ly      
,x,v,ith r ?an 9 ! late ,x,vth c5tury4  
,! subject ( pairs ( lov]s 0 q a        
favorite "o ) ,g]man & ,swiss weav]s1 & 
a numb] ( !m 9 diff]5t /yles is left to 
u4 ,! piece is probably ! "w ( an       
amateur1 a nun1 or m probably "s lady1  
:o ?us fill$ h] long leisure h\rs4 ,!   
wood-block pr9t has be5 closely foll[$ =
 ! figures1 ev5 to su* m9or details z ! 
v simple conv5tionalization ( ! hair4 ,!
 v9e backgr\nd 9 r a l>ge scale is      
common to _m ,swiss tape/ries ( ! p]iod4
 ,! limit$ range ( colors us$ is        
especially wor?y ( note1 !re be+ only   
?ree %ades ( blue1 ?ree ( gre5-blue1    
?ree ( tan1 & two ( r$1 9 addition to ! 
black = ! outl9es4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by   
,wild5/e9  ,co4  ,! "w is ?or\ghly nave1
 b x has ! /rong appeal ( g5u95ess &    
directness common to nave designs & %[s 

a /rong feel+ = decorative quality4     
,sid5ote3 #bc-be  ,,brussels1 ,,second  
,,qu>t] ,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3       
,wool1 ,silk1 ,gold4      ,no4 #bc3     
,h4 #ac ft4 #e 94     ,w4 #ae ft4 #d 94 
,no4 #bd3     ,h4 #ac ft4 #e 94     ,w4 
#bj ft4      ,no4 #be3     ,h4 #ac ft4  
#e 94     ,w4 #bj ft4   ,,?ree ,,sc5es  
,,f ,,! ,,de$s ,,( ,,scipio3 ,9 ! fir/  
piece 7,no4 #bc7 ,scipio en?ron$ (f]s ! 
mural cr[n to ,caius ,laelius4 ,roman   
army (fic]s /& ab\t4 ,9 ! backgr\nd !   
army is assembl$4  ,9 ! second piece    
7,no4 #bd7 ,scipio is ab\t to l& 9      
,africa4 ,9 ! =egr\nd two vessels fill$ 
) soldi]s4 ,9 ! backgr\nd ! city (      
,utica4  ,9 ! ?ird piece 7,no4 #be7     
,hannibal approa*es ,scipio to sue =    
peace4 ,9 ! backgr\nd ! oppos+ armies   
face ea* o!r on ei!r side ( a riv]4  ,! 
pieces be> ! ,brussels city m>k & !     
monogram ,h4,m4 7,hub]t de ,me*t74 ,!   
c>toons are attribut$ to ,giulio        
,romano1 fifte5 ( ! orig9al small draw+s
 be+ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,!re are 9 all eighte5 

pieces 9 ?is set1 & two subsequ5t sets1 
! ,triumphs ( ,scipio & ! ,fruits ( ,w>1
 make a total ( ?irty-five pieces 9 !   
complete hi/ory1 "o ( ! l>ge/ sequ5ces  
ev] attempt$ 9 tape/ry4  ,sid5ote3      
,illu/rat$3 ,haus] y ,m5et1 ,los        
,tapices de la ,corona de ,espaa1 vol4  
#b1 pl4 #ic2 ,burl+ton1 #aiaf1 pp4      
#eh-ff1 9 connection ) article by       
,george ,lel& ,hunt]1 ,scipio ,tape/ries
 ,n[ 9 ,am]ica4  ,! c>toons h be5 wov5 a
 numb] ( times & examples h be5 includ$ 
9 _m fam\s collections1 includ+ t (     
,francis ,i4 ,^! pieces 7 s ri* 9 gold t
 !y 7 burn$ to obta9 ! metal dur+ !     
,revolution4  ,^! ?ree pieces are f "o (
 ! e>lie/ weav+s1 & 9 p]fection (       
execution & sumptu\sness ( mat]ial f>   
surpass mo/ ( ! r5d]+s1 rank+ ) !       
greate/ productions ( ! e>ly            
,r5aissance4 ,! use ( ! metal is        
p>ticul>ly effective1 occurr+ z x does 9
 ?ree te*niques1 pla9 weav+1 basket     
weav+1 :i* always gives a heavy ri*ness1
 & c\*+4  ,! bord]s ) ! classical       

allegorical figures "u porticos are ( a 
v f9e type1 foll[+ ! example set by     
,raphael 9 8 panels = ! ,acts ( !       
,apo/les4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,duve5     
,bro!rs4  ,= vividness ( illu/ration1   
/r5g? & cl>ity ( silh\ette1 & delicacy &
 fre%ness ( color ?is set is n[h]e      
surpass$4  ,illu/ration3      ,!        
,triumph ( ,david      ,no4 #ba         
,illu/ration3      ,two ,pairs ( ,lov]s 
,no4 #bb    ,sid5ote3 #bf1 #bg          
,,brussels1 ,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3   
,wool & ,silk4      ,no4 #bf3     ,h4   
#ab ft4     ,w4 #ae ft4      ,no4 #bg3  
,h4 #ab ft4     ,w4 #af ft4   ,,two     
,,sc5es ,,f ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,cyrus3 ,9 !
 fir/ 7,no4 #bf7 ,cyrus captures        
,a/yages1 8 gr&fa!r4 ,soldi]s /& ab\t1 &
 9 ! backgr\nd ! army is assembl$4  ,9 !
 second 7,no4 #bg7 ,?omyris has ! head (
 ,cyrus (f]$ z a human sacrifice4 ,an   
att5dant is plac+ ! head 9 a gold bas9 &
 soldi]s /&+ ab\t draw back 9 horror4 ,9
 ! backgr\nd a battle wages4  ,sid5ote3 
,illu/rat$3  ,haus] y ,m5et1 ,los       

,tapices de la ,corona de ,espaa1 vol4  
#b1 pls4 #aai1 #aba4  ,^! two pieces1   
%[+ ! mom5t ( greate/ triumph & !       
ultimate defeat ( ,cyrus1 ! great _w    
conqu]or1 are f a fam\s set t has be5   
wov5 sev]al times4 ,"o ( ^! sets1       
belong+ to ! royal family ( ,france1 0  
us$ 9 ! fun]al s]vice ( ,francis ,,ii4  
,ano!r gr\p f ! s]ies is 9 ! ,royal     
,spani% ,collection4 ,! only set kn[n ) 
a weav]'s signature be>s ! m>k (        
,nicolas ,leyni]s1 & x is entirely      
probable t all ( ! examples1 includ+ ^! 
two1 are f ^? looms4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by 
,mr4  ,mrs4 ,daniel ,c4 ,jackl+4  ,!y   
are v f9e examples ( a type ( design    
p]fect$ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ,x,v,ith      
c5tury 9 ,brussels4 ,! fullness (       
details 9 ! backgr\nd s]ves to keep !   
textile ri* & int]e/+ & to ?r[ into %>p 
silh\ette ! dom9ant figures4 ,!         
intricate & decorative bord]s t are us$ 
on ^! pieces well illu/rate "o ( ! mo/  
important contributions ( ! ,r5aissance 
to tape/ry design4   ,sid5ote3 #bh      

,,brussels1 ,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3   
,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #h ft4 #aj 94    
,w4 #g ft4 #b 94   ,,! ,,p5teco/3 ,!    
,apo/les & ! memb]s ( ! ,e>ly ,*ur* are 
ga!r$ toge!r4 ,! tongues ( fire desc5d  
^u !m1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ appe>s l a dove  
betwe5 ! figures ( ,god & ,jesus reveal$
 above4 ,a wide bord] ( scroll ) inset  
m$allions ( biblical sc5es4 ,9 ! upp]   
bord] a papal coat ( arms4  ,sid5ote3   
,l5t by ,william ,baumg>t5  ,company4   
,r5aissance tape/ries 9 s intimate a    
scale t yet are n m9iature occur r      
seldom4 ,! piece has great cl>ity &     
brilliance & c>ries =cefully ! religi\s 
feel+ ( ! episode4  ,9 ! selvage !      
,brussels city m>k & ! weav]'s initials1
 ,c4 ,s4 ,! m>k is unid5tifi$4          
,sid5ote3 #bi  ,,brussels1 ,,xvi        
,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4 
,h4 #f ft4 #i 94     ,w4 #ac ft4 #h 94  
,,judi? ,,dep>ts ,,= ,,! ,,enemy',s     
,,camp3 ,judi? accompani$ by h] maid    
takes leave ( h] "m4 ,att5dants await to
 lead h] away & a slave awaits 9 !      

backgr\nd hold+ two camels4 ,wide bord] 
( fruits & fl[]s4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by    
,william ,baumg>t5  ,company4  ,?is is  
"o ( a v fam\s set ( ! ,/ory ( ,judi? & 
,hol(]nes1 examples ( :i* are 9 a numb] 
( fam\s collections4 ,! tape/ry be>s on 
! selvage ! ,brussels city m>k & !      
weav]'s monogram1 ,n4 ,x4 ,! m>k is     
unid5tifi$4  ,?is piece is a /rong      
example ( a set t comb9es *>act]i/ic    
,r5aissance /atel9ess ) a less cu/om>y  
direct *>m4   ,sid5ote3 #cj  ,,brussels1
 ,,middle ,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3     
,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #aa ft4 #c 94    
,w4 #ab ft4 #i 94   ,,g>d5 ,,sc5e3      
,?r\gh a trellis upheld by c>yatides a  
=mal g>d5 ) f\nta9s & pavilions is se54 
,9 ! =egr\nd1 de]4 ,9 ! g>d51 v>i\s     
animals4 ,bord] ( scrolls & fl[]s )     
inset c>t\*es %[+ animals4  ,su* trellis
 designs z ?is 7 q (t5 us$ 9 ! middle ( 
! ,x,v,ith c5tury4 ,a fam\s example v   
simil> to ?is is ! ,v]tumnus & ,pomona  
set1 "o ( :i* 0 9 ! ,palace ( !         
,escurial & two 9 ! ,b>b]9i             

,collection4#be ,ano!r piece s l ?is t x
 mu/ be ! "w ( ! same design] is 9 !    
,vi5na ,collection1 numb] #adb4         
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*         
,company4  ,x is a ri* & res\rceful k9d 
( decoration well fitt$ to ! requirem5ts
 ( tape/ry4 ,! draw+ ( ! de] is         
unusually graceful & vivaci\s4          
,sid5ote3 #ca  ,,fl&]s1 ,,xvi ,,c5tury  
,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #e
 ft4 #i 94     ,w4 #ab ft4 #i 94        
,,v]dure3 ,9 ! c5t] a *teau surr\nd$ by 
a moat on :i* swans & ducks swim ab\t4  
,at ! left fi%]m5 on ! bank & a hunt] ) 
8 dogs4 ,on ! "r m\nt$ hunt]s *as+      
rabbits ?r\gh a wood4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by
 ,mrs4 ,william ,h4 ,crock]4  ,!        
high-key$ l&scape on a small scale 0 !  
,r5aissance successor to ! ,go?ic       
millefleurs4 ,! draw+ 9 ?is piece is    
beautifully clean & exact1 & ! color    
delightfully & uncommonly v>i$ &        
vibrant4 ,! *teau is s c>efully r5d]$ t 
x is valuable z an ar*itectural record4 
,! piece may h be5 made by ,flemi%      

weav]s work+ 9 ,engl&4   ,sid5ote3 #cb  
,,fl&]s1 ,,late ,,xvi ,,c5tury          
,sid5ote3      ,wool4     ,h4 #i ft4    
,w4 #bc ft4   ,,hunt+ ,,sc5e3 ,hunt]s   
rid+ ?r\gh a woodl&4 ,9 ! =egr\nd a     
knight & lady /roll+4 ,scroll bord]4    
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,w4  ,j4 ,sloane4     
,?is piece is a r uncommon v>iation ( a 
famili> type4 ,_m tape/ries 7 wov5 9    
,fl&]s 9 ! second "p ( ! ,x,v,ith c5tury
 t 7 pr$om9antly v]dure ) a few m9or    
figures1 b ! figures 7 seldom z         
delicately drawn nor ! colors s high 9  
key & cle>4 ,x is q possible t ! piece 0
 wov5 by ,flemi% weav]s 9 ,engl&1 a few 
pieces wov5 !re by ! ,poyntz family be+ 
kn[n to h some:at ! same quality4 ,!    
relatively l[ height 9 proportion to !  
great l5g? also sugge/s t x 0 made = an 
,engli% h\se4  ,illu/ration3            
,hannibal ,approa*es ,scipio to ,sue =  
,peace      ,no4 #be   ,illu/ration3    
,cyrus ,captures ,a/yages1 ,8 ,gr&fa!r  
,no4 #bf    ,sid5ote3 #cc  ,,fl&]s1     
,,enghi5 7871 ,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3 

,wool4     ,h4 #i ft4 #g 94     ,w4 #g  
ft4 #i 94   ,,v]dure3 ,l>ge scroll+     
leaves1 blui%-gre51 ) bun*es ( fruit &  
fl[]s & small f9*es4 ,wide bord] ( fruit
 & fl[]s4  ,v]dures ( ?is type 7 v mu* 9
 dem& 9 ! ,r5aissance p]iod4 ,!y are    
typical ( ! decorative mann] ( ! "t & "o
 ( its f9e/ inv5tions4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t  
by ,dikran ,k4 ,kelekian4  ,! heavy1    
simple leaves are (t5 too obvi\s & too  
readily explor$ = ! be/ tape/ry         
decoration2 b 9 ?is piece ! beautifully 
drawn birds provide delicacy & int]e/ ( 
detail4   ,sid5ote3 #cd  ,,bruges1      
,,middle ,,xvi ,,c5tury 7#aeef7         
,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #i
 ft4 #a 94     ,w4 #h ft4 #i 94         
,,armorial3 ,two amor9i support a %ield4
 ,above1 cross$ bann]s2 bel[1 dolph9s4  
,six flags radiate f ! %ield1 ea* be>+ !
 initial ,p surm\nt$ by a cr[n4 ,bord] (
 scrolls & classic figures4 ,9 c>t\*es 9
 ! side & l[] bord]s ! initials ,f1 ,g1 
& ,x respectively1 & 9 ! correspond+    
c>t\*e ( ! top bord] ! date1 #aeef4 ,on 

! "r l[] selvage is ! city m>k (        
,bruges1 ) ! weav]'s monogram1 ,a4      
,f4#bf  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5* 
,company4  ,?is tape/ry is v int]e/+1 n 
only because x is a cle>1 /rong example 
( a ,r5aissance h]aldic hang+1 b because
 v few pieces ( ! p]iod c be ascrib$    
def9itely to ,bruges al?\gh x is kn[n t 
important looms fl\ri%$ !re4 ,! weav]'s 
monogram has n be5 id5tifi$4 ,! coat (  
arms1 :i* is also unid5tifi$1 seems to  
be ,spani%1 & judg+ by ! coronet        
evid5tly belong$ to a family ( high     
/ation4 ,! amor9i are aft] a foll[] (   
,giulio ,romano1 if n by ,romano        
himself4  ,! relief effect ( ! design is
 q extraord9>y4   ,sid5ote3 #ce         
,,brussels1 ,,xvi ,,c5tury 7#aegd7      
,sid5ote3      ,wool1 ,silk1 ,gold4     
,h4 ) frame1 #d ft4     ,w4 ) frame1 #c 
ft4 #i 94   ,,! ,,crucifixion3 ,*ri/ & !
 two ?ieves on ! crosses4 ,9 ! =egr\nd1 
"r1 ! ,roman soldi]s2 left1 ! sorr[+    
,m>ys4 ,floral bord]4 ,dat$ 9 c>t\*e 9 !
 bord]1 #aegd4  ,?is is "o ( a numb] (  

small tape/ries 9 silk & gold ( religi\s
 subjects1 mo/ ( :i* h be5 attribut$ to 
,b]n>d ,van ,orley1 :o probably design$ 
?is piece also4 ,!y are all ( !m v exact
 reproductions ( pa9t+s1 rem>kable 9    
weave & v beautiful 9 color4 ,! type 0  
fir/ wov5 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! ,x,v,ith   
c5tury1 & cont9u$ to be produc$ 9 v     
limit$ numb]s until well into !         
,x,v,i,ith c5tury4 ,!y 7 und\bt$ly wov5 
only = special ord]s--probably = private
 *apels4  ,! piece is a v brilliant     
example ( "o ( ! ri*e/ types ( tape/ry t
 has ev] be5 wov54  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by   
,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*  ,company4      ,b]n>d    
,van ,orley 7#adib-e to #aedj7 0 tra9$  
by 8 fa!r1     ,val5t91 & aft]w>ds /udi$
 "u ,raphael 9 ,italy4 ,he 0     engag$ 
to sup]vise ! translation ( ,raphael's  
c>toons = !     fam\s s]ies ( ! ,apo/les
 into tape/ry4 ,9 #aeah he became       
c\rt pa9t]4 ,he design$ _m tape/ries1 ( 
:i* ! mo/ fam\s     are ! ,hunts (      
,maximilian & ! ,victory ( ,pavia s]ies4
   ,sid5ote3 #cf  ,,fonta9ebleau1       

,,middle ,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      
,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #aa ft4     ,w4  
#ag ft4   ,,grotesques3 ,on a r$ gr\nd1 
grotesques1 ( :i* ! pr9cipal features   
are3 9 ! c5t] ,flora 9 an arbor on ! top
 ( :i* /&s ,atlas uphold+ ! _w2 two     
c>t\*es left & two "r ) c&elabra & v>i\s
 deities4 ,bel[ at ! left 9 a small oval
 m$allion ,l$a & ! ,swan1 & 9 !         
correspond+ m$allion on ! o!r side ,eve 
& ! ,s]p5t4 ,! rema9+ spaces are fill$ )
 amor9i1 g>l&s ( fruit & fl[]s1 gods1 & 
v>i\s ornam5ts4 ,n>r[ floral bord]s1 & 9
 ! c5t] ( bo? side bord]s a triangle4   
,! triangles 9 ! bord] are ! ,deltas1 ! 
ciph]s ( ,diane de ,poiti]s1 indicat+ t 
?is piece 0 wov5 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,ii 
= ,diane1 possibly = ! ,*teau d',anet4  
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*         
,company4  ,= f]tile & v>i$ imag9ation  
?is piece is q uncommon ev5 among       
grotesques1 ! mo/ imag9ative type (     
decorative tape/ries4 ,x exhibits a mo/ 
ent]ta9+ s5se ( humor & %[s a caprici\s 
indep5d5ce nev] f\nd 9 ! m =mal ,flemi% 

grotesques ( ! "t4   ,sid5ote3 #cg      
,,fonta9ebleau1 ,,middle ,,xvi ,,c5tury 
,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4   
#ab ft4 #h 94     ,w4 #h ft4   ,,triumph
 ,,( ,,diana3 ,! goddess 9 a blue robe1 
be>+ h] b[ & arr[s1 drives a pale-blue  
*>iot on :i* a nymph is ti$ prison]4    
,love1 ^: w+s are beautifully           
multicolor$1 also is a prison]4 ,diana's
 att5dants1 g>b$ 9 blue & r$ tunics1    
foll[ on foot1 "o 9 ! =egr\nd 9 a gre5  
tunic lead+ a l>ge grey-h\nd4 ,9 ! bord]
 %ells alt]nate ) cresc5ts on a blue    
gr\nd & 9 ! corn]s above are cresc5ts & 
rams' heads4 ,! mottoes ,non ,fru/a     
,jupit] ,am ,bas & ,sic ,immota ,manet  
are 9 ! upp] & l[] bord]s               
respectively4#bg  ,! tape/ry 0 evid5tly 
made = ,diane de ,poiti]s1 mi/ress (    
,h5ry ,,ii1 ! subject be+ *os5 z a      
p]sonal tribute4  ,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 !  
,collection ( ,ed\>d ,kann1 ,p>is4      
,aside f its evid5t beauty1 ! piece is  
important because x is "o ( ! few rema9+
 examples ( ! "w ( ! ,fonta9ebleau      

looms1 :i* adapt$ to tape/ry !          
*>act]i/ic ,italian-,fr5* ,r5aissance   
decoration t 0 =mulat$ 9 ! frescoes (   
,fonta9ebleau4 ,!re are few docum5ts    
left on ^! looms1 b x is kn[n t le      
,primatice made designs = tape/ries wov5
 !re1 &1 judg+ f ! draw+ ( ! figures ) !
 long limbs & heavily m>k$ muscles t    
reflect ! influ5ce ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & 
! cont\r ( ! small heads ) ! hair fl[+  
back & ! classical features1 toge!r )   
su* o!r details z ! long flexible f+]s1 
?is piece w\ld seem to be an example ( 8
 "w4 ,if n by le ,primatice1 x 0 c]ta9ly
 done directly "u 8 influ5ce2 b x c\ld  
sc>cely be by ,baud\91 judg+ f ! rec5tly
 discov]$ set 9 ! ,vi5nese              
exhibition1#bh = x has m poise & cl>ity 
( space ?an any ( ^? tape/ries4         
,illu/ration3      ,! ,crucifixion      
,no4 #ce   ,illu/ration3 ,grotesques    
,no4 #cf  ,= grace & *>m1 )\t any loss (
 /r5g?1 ?is surpasses mo/ ,fr5* "w ( !  
p]iod4 ,x is an unusually typical       
illu/ration ( ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance :i*   

took ! te*nique ( ! ,italian revival ( !
 antique & refa%ion$ x to h] own _s1    
giv+ ! classic goddesses1 ev5 9 _!      
dignity1 y\?ful & fem99e appeal1 & ref9+
 ! ,italian opul5ce4 ,! floreation 9 !  
=egr\nd is z delicate z 9 a             
,x,v,ith-c5tury millefleurs1 & ! colors 
are unusually lum9\s4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by
 ,wild5/e9  ,company4      ,francesco   
,primaticcio 7#aejd-aegj7 /udi$ "u a    
disciple (     ,raphael & work$ )       
,giulio ,romano on ! decorations ( !    
,palace de ,te1 ,mantua4 ,9 #aecb he w5t
 f ,italy to ,fonta9ebleau     to "w on 
! decorations !re4 ,9 #aedj he return$  
to ,italy     to collect works ( art = !
 k+4 ,he return$ to ,france &           
cont9u$ to create decorations at        
,fonta9ebleau ) a l>ge /aff     (       
,italian pa9t]s z 8 collaborators4 ,"u  
,francis ,,ii he became     ,sup]9t5d5t 
( ! ,build+4   ,sid5ote3 #ch  ,,p>is1   
,,e>ly ,,xvii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3       
,wool4     ,h4 #ac ft4     ,w4 #af ft4  
#i 94   ,,! ,,niobides3 ,apollo &       

,artemis f a cl\d %oot d[n ! *ildr5 (   
,niobe1 ?us av5g+ _! "m1 :o _h be5      
outrag$ by ,niobe's boa/+ t %e _h ! m   
*ildr54 ,bord] ( fruit g>l&s & figures 9
 camaieux4  ,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9          
,m>ni]-,lapo/alle ,collection1 ,p>is4   
,sid5ote3 ,reproduc$3  ,guiffrey1 ,les  
,gobel9s et ,beauvais1 p4 #ae2 ,haus] y 
,m5et1 ,los ,tapices de la ,corona de   
,espaa1 vol4 #b1 pl4 #acb4  ,! tape/ry  
is "o ( ! ,artemis s]ies design$ = ,m>ie
 de ,m$ici by ,t\ssa9t du ,breuil4 ,x 0 
wov5 on ! looms :i* 7 "u ! direction (  
,m>c ,comans & ,franois de la ,plan*e1 &
 :i* lat] became ! ,gobel9s /ate        
manufactory4 ,! c>toons 7 repeat$ _m    
times ) diff]5t bord]s4 ,judg+ by !     
bord]1 ?is piece 0 wov5 ab\t #afaa4  ,! 
piece is a spl5did example ( ! dramatic 
& monum5tal "* ( ! productions ( !      
pre-,gobel9s looms4  ,! s5sitive feel+ =
 decorative fitness & ! res]ve t are    
evid5t 9 ,fr5* designs f ! ,go?ic p]iod 
on diff]5tiate su* a c>toon z ?is f !   
contempor>y ,flemi% productions1 usually

 s viol5t & exagg]at$ 9 scale1 9 draw+1 
& 9 emotional expression4 ,=1 ?\gh      
dramatic1 ! sc5e is re/ra9$ & ! figures 
h an almo/ sculptural deta*m5t4 ,?is    
quality is su/a9$ by ! f9e ar*itectural 
bord]1 :i* is v typical ( ! ,p>is looms 
( ?is p]iod4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,jacques
 ,seligmann  ,company4      ,t\ssa9t du 
,breuil 7#aefa-afjb7 pa9t$ decorations 9
 ! ,pavilions     des ,poles at         
,fonta9ebleau1 & also 9 ! ,gal]ie des   
,rois 9 !     ,l\vre4 ,mo/ ( 8 "w has   
p]i%$4  ,sid5ote3 #ci1 #dj  ,,gobel9s1  
,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool &  
,silk4      ,no4 #ci3     ,h4 #g ft4 #i 
94     ,w4 #ac ft4 #f 94      ,no4 #dj3 
,h4 #g ft4 #i 94     ,w4 #aa ft4   ,,two
 ,,sc5es ,,f ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,(           
,,cleopatra3 ,9 ! fir/ 7,no4 #ci7       
,cleopatra att5d$ by two maid5s greets a
 "y pr9ce :o is be+ introduc$ to h] by a
 g5]al4 ,9 ! h>bor ! "y /rang]'s %ip is 
se54  ,9 ! second 7,no4 #dj7 ,cleopatra 
welcomes a "y man4 ,an att5dant holds a 
heavy canopy ( silk4 ,beyond1 a ,greek  

temple is se54  ,side bord]s1 only1 (   
classic decorations on a r$ gr\nd )     
inset m$allions %[+ ! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is4 
,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 ! ,collection ( ,"l  
,lovelace4  ,! pieces bo? sign$ 9 ! l[] 
"r corn]--,lefbvre1 ) ! fleur-de-lis &  
,g4 ,!y d n1 h[ev]1 appe> on ! records (
 ! ,gobel9s1 s !y mu/ h be5 done by     
,lefbvre outside ( ! (ficial "w4        
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,william ,baumg>t5    
,company4  ,!y are /rong & fre% examples
 ( ! e>ly "w ( ! ,gobel9s weav]s1 &     
typical ( ! classicism ( ! late         
,r5aissance 9 ,france4 ,! requirem5ts ( 
mural decoration are met by ! monum5tal 
"* & sculptural poise ( ! figures1 b at 
! same "t ! design is adapt$ to a       
decorative textile ?r\gh ! p]fection ( !
 detail & ! ri*ness ( ! colors4         
,sid5ote3 #da  ,,fl&]s1 ,,beg9n+ ,,(    
,,xvii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & 
,silk4     ,h4 #g ft4 #aj 94     ,w4 #ac
 ft4 #d 94   ,,v]dure3 ,a =mal g>d5 )   
f\nta9s & a *teau 9 ! di/ance & v>i\s   
birds 9 ! =egr\nd4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by   

,mrs4 ,c4 ,templeton ,crock]4  ,su*     
l&scape tape/ries 7 a *>act]i/ic late   
,r5aissance int]pretation ( ! v]dure    
type1 a transition betwe5 ! ,go?ic      
millefleurs1 t 7 really orig9ally       
l&scapes )\t p]spective 7cf4 ,no4 #aa71 
& ! ,x,v,i,ith-c5tury v]dures 7cf4 ,no4 
#dc74 ,x is a v successful =m ( v]dure1 
= !y are broadly effective f a di/ance &
 yet h a suffici5t weal? ( detail to    
yield int]e/ on clos] exploration4 ,!   
birds 9 ?is piece are especially        
c>efully obs]v$ & well drawn1 & ! purity
 & vivacity ( ! color is exceptional =  
?is type4   ,sid5ote3 #db  ,,brussels1  
,,late ,,xvii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3       
,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #ac ft4     ,w4  
#ab ft4   ,,am]ica3 ,9 a tropical       
l&scape an ,indian ) b[ & arr[s c>ess+ a
 crocodile4 ,two *ildr5 beside him smok+
 pipes4 ,9 ! backgr\nd on a hill a      
mission2 9 ! =egr\nd a heap ( fruits &  
fl[]s & preci\s objects symbolic ( !    
weal? ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,bord] ( fruits &   
fl[]s ) corn] m$allions repres5t+ ,nor?1

 ,ea/1 ,s\?1 & ,we/4 ,on ! l[] selvage !
 ,brussels city m>k & ! signature1 ,i4  
,v4 ,d4 ,,beur*t4  ,sid5ote3 ,ano!r     
example 9 ,muse ,impriale des ,ecuries1 
,petrograd1 ,no4 #aag4  ,! piece is "o (
 a set ( f\r repres5t+ ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! 
globe4 ,x 0 wov5 by ,jean ,van d]       
,beur*t1 "o ( ! great weav]s (          
,brussels1 :o is kn[n to h be5 work+ !re
 betwe5 #afij & #agaj4 ,! ,van d]       
,beur*t family _h = sev]al g5]ations be5
 pa9t]s1 ,jean be+ ! fir/ to turn f t   
pr(ession to tape/ry weav+4 ,he 0 foll[$
 by sev]al o!r memb]s ( ! family 7cf4   
,no4 #ef71 all ( :om did "w ( ! highe/  
quality4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4     
,fr5*  ,company4  ,! piece is a spl5did 
illu/ration ( ! romantic attitude t[>d  
,am]ica at ! "t & a rem9d] ( !          
importance ,am]ica _h to ,europeans z a 
s\rce ( weal?4 ,! mission on ! hill1 &  
ano!r mission settlem5t 9 ! valley ( :i*
 a glimpse c be caught1 are ( especial  
int]e/4   ,sid5ote3 #dc  ,,fl&]s1 ,,xvii
 ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4

     ,h4 #aa ft4 #aj 94     ,w4 #aa ft4 
,,v]dure ,,) ,,be> ,,hunt3 ,9 a =e/ (   
l>ge trees hunt]s %oot+ & spe>+ be>s4 ,9
 place ( a bord]1 l>ge columns at !     
sides ) floral g>l&s hung betwe5 !m     
across ! top4  ,! piece is a type (     
v]dure1 numb]s ( :i* ) _m v>iations 7   
produc$ 9 ,fl&]s dur+ ! ,x,v,i,ith      
c5tury4 ,x is "o ( a set ( five1 & is a 
v /rong1 fre% example4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t  
by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*  ,company4  ,!         
sub/itution ( massive columns = =mal    
bord]s is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,b>oque p]iod &
 s]ves ! bett] to adapt ! tape/ry to !  
prevail+ ar*itecture4   ,sid5ote3 #dd   
,,brussels1 ,,xvii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3  
,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #aa ft4     ,w4  
#ah ft4 #h 94   ,sid5ote3 ,f ! ,morgan  
,collection1 ,no4 #ag4 ,ano!r example 9 
! ,sw$i% ,royal ,collection4  ,,triumph 
,,( ,,augu/us ,,& ,,livia3 ,caes> (f]s !
 cr[n ( victory to ,augu/us1 :o kneels  
be=e him4 ,he is surr\nd$ by 8 att5dants
 & 8 *>iot waits 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! side 
bord]s are ( fl[]-drap$ columns1 top &  

bottom bord]s ( fruit & fl[] g>l&s1 )   
ornam5ts4 ,on ! side bord]s are c>t\*es 
be>+ ! insignia3 ,pax4 ,aug4 & ,vic4    
,aug4 7,pax ,augu/a & ,victoria         
,augu/a74  ,sid5ote3 ,illu/rat$3        
,bttig]1 ,sv5ska ,/at9s ,saml+1 vol4 #c1
 pl4 ,,xlii4  ,! piece is "o ( a s]ies  
on ! ,hi/ory ( ,julius ,caes>1 ?ree (   
:i* 7 9 ! ,morgan ,collection4 ,x has   
all ! abundance & dramatic emphasis     
*>act]i/ic ( ! ,b>oque p]iod4  ,sid5ote3
 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*  ,company4  ,!   
massive yet active figures1 ! l>ge      
fold$1 sw++ drapes1 ! luxuri\s & heavy  
accessories are all typical ( ! "w ( a  
"t :5 ! l>ge1 ! impressive1 & !         
elaborate 7 s\ght 9 all =ms ( art4 ,!   
mann] 0 introduc$ into tape/ry c>toons  
by ,rub5s & c>ri$ on by _m ( 8 pupils & 
imitators4 ,ev5 ! outl9e ( ! composition
 ( ?is piece foll[s closely t ( ,rub5s' 
fam\s ,triumphs1 f :i* ! sugge/ion = !  
c>toon 0 und\bt$ly tak54   ,sid5ote3 #de
  ,,fl&]s1 ,,xvii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3   
,wool1 ,silk1 ,gold4     ,h4 #c ft4 #a  

94     ,w4 #d ft4   ,,! ,,virg9 ,,&     
,,*ild3 ,! ,virg9 9 a pale r$ g[n ) a   
d>k-blue cloak fall+ ab\t h] is seat$ on
 ! gr\nd4 ,! *ild hold+ a /aff 9 ! =m ( 
a cross sits on h] knee4 ,beyond is a   
ca/le1 & aga9/ ! sky a high m\nta94     
,wide floral bord]4 ,! high lights are 9
 gold4  ,?is is a mo/ exceptional piece 
( tape/ry1 evid5tly made to special     
ord]1 probably = a private *apel1 aft]  
an ,italian ,r5aissance pa9t+4 ,!       
excessive f95ess ( ! weave & ! un/9t$   
use ( gold to r5d] ! high lights        
indicate t x 0 made = a p]son ( weal? & 
importance4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,duve5   
,bro!rs4  ,! pa9t+ is fai?fully &       
delicately reproduc$ & ! bord] is       
rem>kably ri* & gl[+4   ,sid5ote3 #df   
,,brussels1 ,,late ,,xvii1 ,,e>ly       
,,xviii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool &
 ,silk4     ,h4 #ab ft4     ,w4 #ag ft4 
#f 94   ,,san*o ,,is ,,toss$ ,,9 ,a     
,,blanket3 ,san*o1 foll[+ ,don          
,quixote's example1 has refus$ to pay ! 
innkeep]1 z t is aga9/ ! tradition (    

knights-errant & _! squires4 ,s !       
clo?mak]s ( ,segovia & ! ne$lemak]s (   
,cordova :o *ance to be !re toss him 9 a
 blanket1 :ile ,don ,quixote sits )\t on
 8 horse curs+ lu/ily4  ,! piece is "o (
 a set ( illu/rations ( ,don ,quixote   
aft] ,david ,t5i]s ! ,y\ng]4 ,! sc5e has
 all ! casual & conv9c+ in=mality &     
boi/]\s good spirits = :i* ,t5i]s'      
pa9t+s are fam\s4 ,x q cat*es ! _s ( !  
romance :i* x illu/rates4 ,! l&scape    
vi/a is unusually lovely 9 color4       
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*         
,company4      ,david ,t5i]s ! ,y\ng]   
7#afaj-afid7 0 tra9$ pr9cipally "u     8
 fa!r1 ,david ! ,eld]1 also fam\s =     
pa9t+s ( peasant     episodes4 ,9 #afcc 
he became ,ma/] ( ! ,guild ( ,/4 ,lukes1
 &     !reaft] 0 ,dean ( ! ,guild &     
pa9t] to ! gov]nor1     ,ar*duke        
,leopold ,william1 a position :i* he    
cont9u$ to hold     "u ! next gov]nor1  
,don ,juan ( ,au/ria4 ,9 #affc he help$ 
=m     ! ,antw]p ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts4 
,he pa9t$ innum]able pictures (         

peasant sc5es1 _m ( :i* h be5 r5d]$ 9   
tape/ry4   ,sid5ote3 #dg1 #dh           
,,brussels1 ,,xviii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3 
,wool & ,silk4      ,no4 #dg3     ,h4   
#aa ft4     ,w4 #h ft4 #i 94      ,no4  
#dh3     ,h4 #aa ft4     ,w4 #h ft4 #i  
94   ,,two ,,peasant ,,sc5es3 ,9 ! fir/ 
7,no4 #dg7 a gr\p ( peasants has /opp$  
to re/ & talk beside a /ream t comes    
tumbl+ d[n 9 brok5 cascades b5ea? a high
 /one bridge4 ,on ! hills 9 ! backgr\nd 
are f>mh\ses & ! ru9s ( ca/les4  ,9 !   
second 7,no4 #dh7 a gr\p ( peasants sits
 & /&s ab\t "u a tree 9 a mead[1 9 :i*  
cattle & goats w&]4 ,9 ! backgr\nd is a 
f>mh\se4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,duve5      
,bro!rs4  ,^! tape/ries aft] ,t5i]s are 
typical ( 8 illu/rations ( life among ! 
peasants & ( 8 decorative & romantic yet
 reali/ic l&scapes4 ,!y are 9 weav+ &   
color ( ! be/ quality ( examples ( ?is  
type4  ,illu/ration3      ,triumph (    
,diana      ,no4 #cg   ,illu/ration3    
,! ,niobides      ,no4 #ch    ,sid5ote3 
#di  ,,mortlake1 ,,late ,,xvii ,,c5tury 

,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4   
#aj ft4 #d 94     ,w4 #g ft4 #f 94      
,,peasants ,,9 ,a ,,l&scape3 ,a gr\p (  
peasants has /opp$ by ! wayside 9 a     
m\nta9\s l&scape4 ,above is a %ield be>+
 ! inscription ,iocatur 9 ,p>vis sorts  
ut cum ,magna ,m]c$e ,fallat4  ,sid5ote3
 ,=m]ly 9 ! ,collection ( ,sir ,john    
,ramsay4  ,! c>toon is aft] ,t5i]s4 ,!  
,mortlake r5ditions ( ^! c>toons1 :i* 7 
borr[$ f ,fl&]s1 h a cl>ity & %>pness t 
give !m m>k$ di/9ction4 ,! t[]+ m\nta9  
l&scape is really impressive4  ,sid5ote3
 ,l5t by ,frank ,p>tridge1 ,inc4  ,!    
r5dition ( ! wat] is unusually reali/ic 
)\t any loss ( decorative int]e/4 ,!    
translation ( wat] into a wov5 design is
 "o ( ! mo/ difficult problems ( !      
craft4 ,x has be5 giv5 _m solutions1 (  
:i* ?is is ! mo/ naturali/ic4           
,sid5ote3 #ej  ,,beauvais1 ,,late ,,xvii
 ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4
     ,h4 #aj ft4     ,w4 #h ft4 #h 94   
,,h]mes ,,& ,,! ,,%eph]d3 ,h]mes has    
tak5 ! ,%eph]d's pipe1 leav+ ! caduceus 

on ! gr\nd1 & is attempt+ to play4 ,!y  
are 9 a wood ) l>ge fl[]s 9 ! =egr\nd4  
,9 ! backgr\nd !re is a glimpse ( a     
hilly l&scape & a =mal g>d5 ) f\nta9s4  
,wide floral bord]4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by  
,mrs4 ,james ,creelman4  ,! piece is "o 
( a set ( five v]dures1 mo/ ( :i* h     
hunt+ sc5es4 ,:ile !re is no signature1 
& !re are no records on !m1 ! "* ( !    
foliage & ( ! floreation makes x almo/  
c]ta9 t ^! are ( ,beauvais manufacture4 
,:ile 9 "s details !y resemble          
contempor>y ,aubusson tape/ries1 !      
quality ( ! color is r diff]5t4  ,!y are
 a p>ticul>ly deep & quiet type (       
v]dure1 an excell5t backgr\nd = f9e     
furni%+s4 ,! quality ( ! gre5s is       
uncommonly f9e4   ,sid5ote3 #ea         
,,beauvais1 ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,xviii        
,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4 
,h4 #aj ft4 #i 94     ,w4 #ac ft4 #c 94 
,,v]dure ,,) ,,danc+ ,,nymphs3 ,9 a     
wood$ dell are f\r nymphs danc+4 ,beyond
 is a glimpse ( an op5 pa/ure ) c[s4    
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,dikran ,k4 ,kelekian4

  ,! /rong & brilliant trees ?r[ into   
%>p contra/ ! delicate p]fection ( ! bit
 ( l&scape beyond4 ,! nymphs are        
probably aft] ,nol ,coypel4 ,! use ( !  
r$ to relieve ! g5]al tone ( gre5 is    
especially successful4   ,sid5ote3 #eb  
,,beauvais1 #afhe-agaa  ,sid5ote3       
,wool1 ,silk1 ,gold4     ,h4 #ae ft4 #h 
94     ,w4 #aa ft4 #aj 94   ,,!         
,,conque/ ,,( ,,l\is ,,! ,,great3 ,l\is 
,,xiv on horseback ) two att5dants po9ts
 ) 8 cane to ! siege ( a city ^: def5ses
 are surr\nd$ by wat]4 ,9 ! upp] bord]  
appe> ! arms ( ,c\nt ,bruhl ( ,saxony4  
,! piece is "o ( a set ( sev54          
,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 ! ,"l ,amh]/         
,collection4  ,sid5ote3 ,illu/rat$3     
,bad91 ,la ,manufacture de la ,tapiss]ie
 de ,beauvais1 opp4 p4 #d4  ,?is is a v 
r>e example f "o ( ! e>lie/ sets wov5 at
 ,beauvais :5 ! factory 0 "u ! direction
 ( ,behagle4 ,! c>toon 0 design$ ei!r by
 ,van d] ,meul5 or 8 greate/ pupil1     
,jean-,bapti/e ,m>t91 lat] call$ ,m>t9 (
 ! ,battles1 because ( a fam\s s]ies (  

c>toons :i* he made = ! ,beauvais works 
illu/rat+ ! victories ( ,sw$5 ov]       
,d5m>k4  ,! ri*ness ( ! k+'s gr\p /&s   
out brilliantly aga9/ ! cle>1 cool color
 & %>p geometrical l9es ( ! backgr\nd4  
,! city ) its canals & build+s is       
exquisitely r5d]$1 an int]e/+           
anticipation ( an a]oplane view4        
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*         
,company4      ,adam ,frans ,van d]     
,meul5 7#afcb-afij7 0 a native (        
,brussels &     /udi$ !re "u ,pet]      
,snay]s1 b on recomm5dation ( ,le ,brun 
0 invit$ by ,colb]t to ,p>is1 :]e he 0  
p5sion$ by ! k+     & giv5 ap>tm5ts 9 ! 
,gobel9s4 ,9 #afgc be 0 receiv$ into    
! ,academy4 ,he collaborat$ ) ,le ,brun 
9 mak+ designs = !     ,gobel9s1 notably
 = ! s]ies ( ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,k+4        
,sid5ote3 #ec-ef  ,,brussels1 ,,beg9n+  
,,xviii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool4 
,no4 #ec3     ,h4 #aj ft4 #g 94     ,w4 
#bi ft4      ,no4 #ed3     ,h4 #aj ft4  
#d 94     ,w4 #i ft4 #d 94      ,no4    
#ee3     ,h4 #aj ft4 #c 94     ,w4 #g   

ft4 #b 94      ,no4 #ef3     ,h4 #aj ft4
 #d 94     ,w4 #g ft4 #c 94   ,,!       
,,op]ations ,,( ,,! ,,siege ,,( ,,lille3
 ,numb] #ec repres5ts ! battle (        
,wyn5dael ,wood4 ,"l ,cobham on         
horseback ) 8 sword drawn is 9 ! mid/ ( 
8 troops4  ,numb] #ed %[s ! burn+ (     
,lille4 ,! burn+ city is se5 9 !        
backgr\nd4 ,soldi]s 9 ! =egr\nd are     
gett+ bundles ( wood to fe$ ! flames4   
,numb] #ee %[s cavali]s =ag+4 ,soldi]s  
are c>ry+ bundles ( hay = _! horses & a 
lamb lies on ! gr\nd ready to be c>ri$  
(f4  ,numb] #ef %[s ! poison+ ( a spy4  
,! cavali]s h j giv5 a glass ( poison$  
w9e to a "y woman :o is ab\t to dr9k4   
,! bord]s simulate wood5 frames & c>ry !
 arms ( ,"l ,cobham4  ,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9
 ,/[e ,h\se4  ,! set 0 design$ by ,van  
d] ,meul5 = ,"l ,cobham1 :o s]v$ "u !   
,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh & _h a brilliant     
milit>y c>e]4 ,x 0 wov5 at ! ,royal     
,manufactory ( ,brussels "u ! direction 
( ,leyni]s1 ^: signature appe>s 9 !     
bord] ( ?ree pieces4 ,9 ! f\r? piece is 

! signature ,,aca/ro1 ,lat9 = ,van d]   
,beur*t4  ,cobham inh]it$ ,/[e ,h\se 9  
#afig1 & ^! tape/ries until rec5tly hung
 9 ! d9+-room !re4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by   
,jacques ,seligmann  ,company4  ,! set  
ranks ) ! /ronge/ & mo/ effective pieces
 ( ! p]iod1 ri* bo? 9 illu/rative action
 & 9 decoration4 ,! weave is te*nically 
p]fect4   ,sid5ote3 #eg  ,,gobel9s1     
,,middle ,,xviii ,,c5tury 7#agdg-agea7  
,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4   
#aa ft4 #f 94     ,w4 #h ft4 #c 94      
,,july ,,f ,,! ,,mon?s ,,( ,,lucas3 ,f a
 s]ies ( designs ( ! ,mon?s1 us$ 9      
,brussels s9ce ! ,x,vth c5tury &        
attribut$ )\t v]ification to ,lucas ,van
 ,leyd54 ,! sc5e repres5ts a falcon+    
p>ty4  ,illu/ration3      ,sc5e f !     
,hi/ory ( ,cleopatra      ,no4 #ci      
,illu/ration3      ,v]dure      ,no4 #da
   ,! piece has ! la/ type ( bord] us$ =
 ! set1 ! s-call$ ,dresd5 bord]1        
repres5t+ a c>v$ & gild$ wood frame )   
corn] ornam5ts surr\nd$ by naturali/ic  
fl[]s1 & ) a sign ( ! ,zodiac 7,leo7 9 a

 c>t\*e at ! top4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4
 ,w4 ,fr5*  ,company4  ,! piece 0       
probably wov5 9 ! t5? weav+ betwe5 #agda
 & #agea on ! upright looms 9 ! ateli] (
 ,cozette4#bi  ,?is is an unusually cle>
 & brilliant example ( a fam\s ,gobel9s 
set4   ,sid5ote3 #eh  ,,gobel9s1 ,,xvii 
,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4 
,h4 #i ft4 #d 94     ,w4 #f ft4 #h 94   
,,decemb] ,,f ,,! ,,mon?s ,,( ,,lucas3  
,a nobleman greets a peasant woman & h] 
*ild1 :ile a man & woman c>ry+ a baby   
wait = him4 ,9 ! backgr\nd a ca/le & p  
skat+ on ! ice4 ,! piece is incomplete4 
,sid5ote3 ,ano!r example 9 ! ,vi5na     
,collection1 ,no4 #aji4  ,?is tape/ry is
 f ! same set z ! prec$+1 b wov5 almo/ a
 c5tury e>li]1 & x is int]e/+ to contra/
 ! *anges t ! *ange 9 ta/e has made 9 ! 
feel+ ( ! r5dition & ! color key4 ,dur+ 
! ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury ! c>toon 0 ref9$ )
 slight *anges4 ,! h& ( ! old man1 =    
example1 0 modifi$ to hold a fruit = !  
*ild4 ,! piece probably is f ! ?ird or  
f\r? weav+4 ,if s1 x 0 done on !        

horizontal looms 9 ! ateli] ( ,lefbvre1 
outside ( ! (ficial "w ( ! ,gobel9s4#cj 
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,wild5/e9  ,company4  
,?is is "o ( ! few really successful    
r5ditions ( a sn[ sc5e 9 tape/ry4       
,sid5ote3 #ei  ,,beauvais1 ,,late       
,,xvii1 ,,e>ly ,,xviii ,,c5tury         
7#afhd-agaa7  ,sid5ote3      ,wool &    
,silk4     ,h4 #i ft4 #h 94     ,w4 #af 
ft4 #e 94   ,,*9ese ,,grotesque3 ,"u an 
arbor cl[ns conduct a circus4 ,above !  
arbor are scrolls1 g>l&s1 birds1 musical
 in/rum5ts1 & o!r decorations4 ,on a    
yell[ gr\nd4  ,?is is "o ( a fam\s s]ies
 ( grotesques by ,b]a9 on a yell[ gr\nd1
 wov5 sev]al times at ! ,beauvais works 
:5 !y 7 "u ! direction ( ,behagle4#ca   
,! ent]ta9+ fantasy ( ! conception1     
toge!r ) ! delicate draw+ & ! beautiful 
gr\nd color1 makes ?is "o ( ! f9e/      
grotesques ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury4     
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*         
,company4      ,jean ,b]a9 7#afch-agaa7 
0 appo9t$ 9 #afgd design] to ! k+1     &
 9 ?is position design$ ! sc5]y &       

co/umes = ! c\rt     ballets4 ,he is    
fam\s = 8 decorations4   ,sid5ote3 #fj1 
#fa  ,,beauvais1 ,,xviii ,,c5tury       
,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4      ,no4 
#fj3     ,h4 #ae 94     ,w4 #ai 94      
,no4 #fa3     ,h4 #ae 94     ,w4 #ai 94 
,,two ,,/ill-,,life ,,pieces3 ,9 "o     
7,no4 #fj7 a glass1 a napk91 & "s       
vegetables on a table4 ,9 ! o!r 7,no4   
#fa7 v>i\s vegetables ab\t a *9a di%4   
,^! panels1 aft] pa9t+s by ,*>d91 are ! 
only record$ examples ( /ill-life       
composition 9 tape/ry4 ,f ! middle ( !  
,x,vth c5tury h\sehold ut5sils & v>i\s  
o!r types ( accessories 7 us$ to        
contribute ri*ness ( ornam5tation to    
sc5es1 & dur+ ! ,b>oque p]iod emboss$   
metals & lavi% c>v+s became especially  
important 9 creat+ a luxuri\s effect1 b 
n until tape/ry 0 ?\ght ( z a =m ( pa9t+
 0 a purely /ill-life subject attempt$4 
,all /ill-life designs dep5d s mu* on   
contra/$ weights1 & especially on       
textures1 t !y are p>ticul>ly difficult 
to translate into a m$ium :i*1 l        

tape/ry1 r5d]s prim>ily silh\ettes & :i*
 has su* a decid$ texture ( its own4 ,b 
! extraord9>y skill ( !                 
,x,v,i,i,ith-c5tury ,fr5* weav]s 0 equal
 ev5 to t problem4 ,! skillful c>e ( !  
composition ( ! orig9al pa9t+s & ! pure 
beauty ( ! colors ( ! tape/ry make ( r  
unpromis+ subjects beautiful            
decorations4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,maison 
,jam>91 ,p>is4      ,jean ,simon ,*>d9  
7#afii-aggi7 /udi$ "u ,nol ,coypel &    
assi/$ ,jean ,bapti/e ,van ,loo 9 re/or+
 "o ( ! gall]ies (     ,fonta9ebleau4   
,he 0 admitt$ to ! ,academy 9 #agbh4 ,8 
e>ly     "w 0 devot$ to /ill-life       
subjects pr9cipally1 8 lat] to          
peasant sc5es1 9 :i* !re are (t5 f9e    
incid5tal /ill lifes4   ,sid5ote3 #fb   
,,aubusson1 ,,middle ,,xviii ,,c5tury   
,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #i
 ft4 #h 94     ,w4 #aj ft4 #i 94   ,,!  
,,prie/ ,,& ,,c>d5io ,,meet ,,doro?y3 ,!
 prie/ & ! b>b] :ile look+ = ,don       
,quixote come across ,c>d5io4 ,:ile     
,c>d5io is tell+ !m ! sad /ory ( h[ 8   

love1 ,luc9da1 has be5 /ol5 f him by !  
trea*]y ( ,don ,f]n&o !y he> someone    
lam5t+4 ,foll[+ ! s\nd ( ! voice1 !y f9d
 ,doro?y disguis$ z a %eph]d-boy ba?+ h]
 feet 9 a /ream4 ,%e is on h] way to    
seek ,don ,f]n&o1 :o is h] pl$g$ husb& &
 :o has des]t$ h] = ,luc9da4 ,9 !       
backgr\nd ,don ,quixote1 exhau/$ & />v$ 
f 8 w&]+s1 lies on ! gr\nd1 :ile !      
fai?ful ,san*o pleads ) him to return to
 ,toboso4  ,! bord] simulates a c>v$    
frame4 ,on ! l[] selvage is ! signature 
,m4 ,r4 ,,daubusson4 ,,mage4 ,,picon4   
,! piece is "o ( a s]ies ( illu/rations 
by ,coypel1 orig9ally design$ = !       
,gobel9s1 & 0 engrav$ & us$ 9 _m        
editions ( ! romance bo? 9 ,france &    
,spa94 ,sev]al looms made tape/ries aft]
 ! engrav+s1 includ+ ^? ( ,santa ,b>b>a 
9 ,madrid4  ,! signature is ! m>k ( !   
royal manufacture ( ,aubusson1 & (      
,mage1 a tape/ry m]*ant 9 ,p>is 9 #agdf1
 & ,picon1 dy] to ! k+ f #agdh to #agef4
 ,! piece 0 evid5tly made 9 ! royal     
works ( ,aubusson to ! ord] ( ! deal]   

,mage "u ! sup]vision ( ,picon1 :o1 f 8 
position1 0 evid5tly "o ( ! mo/         
important memb]s ( ! /aff !re4          
,illu/ration3      ,v]dure ) ,danc+     
,nymphs      ,no4 #ea   ,illu/ration3   
,! ,conque/ ( ,l\is ,! ,great      ,no4 
#eb   ,! piece %[s ,aubusson "w at its  
ri*e/ & f9e/4 ,! foliage ( ! trees ) e  
leaf %[n & brok5 up into small spots (  
*ang+ color is v typical ( ,aubusson1 & 
q diff]5t f ! mann] ( ! ,flemi% %ops    
7cf4 ,no4 #ee74 ,! colors are rem>kably 
f9e4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*   
,company4      ,*>les ,anto9e ,coypel   
7#afid-ageb7 ent]$ ! ,academy 9 #agae1 &
     ! next ye> made a s]ies (          
tw5ty-eight designs illu/rat+     ,don  
,quixote = ! ,gobel9s4 ,a second        
important s]ies :i* he     design$ = !  
,gobel9s illu/rat$ sc5es f ! !atre4 ,he 
0 a favorite pa9t] ( ,que5 ,m>ie        
,lecz9ska4 ,he wrote sev]al     comic   
dramas & _h an int]e/ 9 an und]/&+ ( !  
!atre     :i* is reflect$ 9 8 tape/ry   
designs1 :i* are conceiv$     always z a

 !atrical sc5e 9 a /age sett+1 ) actors 
mak+     ! prop] expressive ge/ures4    
,sid5ote3 #fc  ,,p>is1 ,,xviii ,,c5tury 
,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4           
,oval2     ,h4 #bh 94     ,w4 #bc 94    
,,bac*ante3 ,a "y bac*ante we>+ a       
tig]sk9 & hold+ ,pan's pipes4 ,9 an oval
 panel4  ,?is panel is aft] a portrait  
by ,coypel4 ,?\gh x does n appe> on !   
(ficial regi/]s ( ! ,gobel9s1 ! te*nique
 w\ld indicate t x 0 probably by a      
,gobel9s weav]1 :o q (t5 work$ outside (
 ! (ficial ord]s4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by    
,jacques ,seligmann  ,company4  ,!      
delicate execution reproduces fai?fully 
! piquant *>m ( ! pa9t+2 ev5 ! mo/      
delicate gradations ( tones are exactly 
reproduc$4   ,sid5ote3 #fd4  ,,gobel9s1 
,,xviii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool &
 ,silk4     ,h4 #be 94     ,w4 #ba 94   
,,portrait ,,( ,,l\is ,,xv3 ,?is        
portrait1 aft] a pa9t+ by ,van ,loo made
 = ! ,gobel9s 9 #agfj1 is "o ( a s]ies (
 ! royal family4 ,x is 9 ! orig9al      
frame4  ,sid5ote3 ,illu/rat$3 ,bttig]1  

,sv5ska ,/at9s ,saml+1 vol4 #b1 pl4     
,,xli2 ,fnaille1 ,etat gnral des        
,tapiss]ies de la ,manufacture des      
,gobel9s1 ,dix-huitime ,sicle1 #bme     
,p>tie1 p4 #caa2 z portrait ( ,l\is     
,,xvi1 9 ,migeon1 ,les ,arts de ,tissu1 
p4 #cce4  ,:ile tape/ry is n an         
appropriate m$ium = portraiture1 a      
portrait is ! supreme te/ ( ! skill ( ! 
weav]4 ,9 ?is piece ! effect ( ! pa9t+  
is reproduc$ ) rem>kable fidelity4 ,!   
w>p is v]tical4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4  
,w4 ,fr5*  ,company4  ,! te*nical       
difficulty 0 ! great] because almo/ !   
entire piece 0 wov5 9 wool1 ! prop]     
mat]ial = tape/ry1 silk be+ reli$ on    
only = a few high lights4 ,z a portrait 
x has directness & conviction1 c>ry+ !  
ess5tial dignity ( royalty4 ,!          
,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury1 :i* fir/ und]took  
to weave tape/ry portraits1 produc$ a   
k9d ( portrait t 0 especially ill-adapt$
 to ?is mat]ial2 = ! lik5esses dep5d$   
prim>ily on ! delicate model+ produc$ by
 a v s5sitively diff]5tiat$ scale (     

values & sc>cely at all on l9es4 ,ev5 9 
,go?ic tape/ries !re are _m heads t are 
/rik+ portraits1 b ^! are entirely      
graphic 9 "* & s fitt$ = tape/ry4 ,9    
r5d]+ ?is portrait ! weav]s _h lit]ally 
to pa9t ) ! %uttle4      ,c>le ,van ,loo
 7#agje-agef7 /udi$ 9 ,rome "u ,luti &  
,le ,gros4 ,9     8 y\? he pa9t$ sc5]y =
 ! op]a ) ,b\*]4 ,9 #agcg he     0      
admitt$ to ! ,academy1 & 9 #agfb made   
fir/ pa9t] to !     k+4   ,sid5ote3 #fe 
,,gobel9s1 ,,fir/ ,,half ,,xviii        
,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool4     ,h4 
#ac ft4 #c 94     ,w4 #h ft4 #c 94      
,sid5ote3 ,ano!r r5d]+ 9 ! ,vi5na       
,collection1 ,no4 #bec2 ano!r 9 ! ,muse 
,impriale des ,ecuries1 ,petrograd1 ,no4
 #aah4  ,,! ,,indian ,,hunt]3 ,?is      
tape/ry is "o ( a set ( eight illu/rat+ 
! ,new ,india aft] designs by ,franois  
,desportes4 ,! set 0 fir/ wov5 9 #afhg4 
,?is piece has ! fir/ type ( bord] us$ )
 ! s]ies1 be>+ ! arms ( ! k+1 :i* means 
t x 0 wov5 be=e #agfh "u ei!r ,cozette  
or ,neilson4#cb  ,! design is typical ( 

! romantic primitivism t ,r\sseau       
=mulat$ 9 8 conception ( ! ,noble       
,savage4 ,! accuracy ( detail 9 !       
,indian basket is int]e/+ & r unexpect$4
  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,demotte4           
,franois ,desportes 7#affa-agdc7 /udi$  
"u ,b]na]t1 a pupil (     ,snyd]s4 ,he  
ent]$ ! ,academy 9 #afii & 0 made pa9t] 
to !     k+4 ,he is fam\s = 8 pa9t+s (  
animals & hunt+ sc5es4   ,sid5ote3 #ff  
,,beauvais1 ,,xviii ,,c5tury 7#aggg7    
,sid5ote3      ,wool4     ,h4 #aa ft4 #a
 94     ,w4 #ba ft4 #c 94   ,,! ,,!ft   
,,( ,,! ,,trunk3 ,a gr\p ( gypsies      
surr\nd a travel]'s c>riage1 & :ile "s  
tell ! lady's =tune & receive alms o!rs 
attempt to /eal a trunk f ! baggage-rack
 beh9d4  ,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 ,collection 
( ,c\nt ,polovz(f1 ,petrograd4 ,ano!r   
example 9 ! ,sw$i% ,royal ,collection4  
,illu/rat$3 ,bttig]1 ,sv5ska ,/at9s     
,saml+1 vol4 #c1 pl4 ,,lxvi4  ,! tape/ry
 is "o ( ! s]ies ,les ,bohmi5s by       
,franois ,casanova1 & 0 wov5 9 ,beauvais
 :5 ! factory 0 "u ! direction ( ,&r    

,*>lemagne ,*>ron1 ^: initials x be>s 9 
signature4 ,accord+ to ! inv5tories1 !  
s]ies has be5 wov5 only twice--once 9   
#aggg = ! k+1 & aga9 9 #agii4cc  ,!     
vividness ( ! m9or episodes & ! vivacity
 ( *>act]ization ( ev5 ! less] actors   
make ?is a mo/ int]e/+ tape/ry4 ,! weav+
 is done ) exquisite skill & ! color is 
unusually fre% & *>m+4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t  
by ,jacques ,seligmann  ,company4       
,franois ,casanova 7#agcj-ahje7 w5t to  
,italy 9 #agbg :]e he /udi$     "u      
,gu>di & ,francesco ,simon9i4 ,he       
return$ to ,france & lat]     /udi$ "u  
,p>ocel4 ,9 #agfc he 0 receiv$ into !   
,academy &     exhibit$ 9 ! salons until
 #aghc4   ,sid5ote3 #fg  ,,beauvais1    
,,xviii ,,c5tury 7#agce-agdj7  ,sid5ote3
      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #aa ft4 #i 
94     ,w4 #ad ft4 #f 94   ,,! ,,arms   
,,( ,,france ,,& ,,nav>re3 ,two angels  
on cl\ds support ! coat ( arms be=e an  
erm9e drape aga9/ a gr\nd ( fleur-de-lis
 on blue4  ,! angels are aft] ,b\*]1 !  
only coat ( arms 9 tape/ry kn[n to :i*  

,b\*] has contribut$4 ,x is evid5tly "o 
( sev]al fleur-de-lis pieces li/$ 9 !   
acc\nts ( ,beauvais betwe5 #agce & #agdj
 & may be ! "o made = ! ,p>liam5t ( ,r\5
 9 ! latt] ye>4#cd  ,x is an unusually  
ri* & int]e/+ armorial1 ! angels ) _!   
*>act]i/ic ,b\*] grace add+ great beauty
 to ! =mal sett+4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4
 ,w4 ,fr5*  ,company4      ,franois     
,b\*] 7#agjc-aggj7 /udi$ ) ,lemoyne &   
dur+ t     "t pa9t$ sc5]y = ! ,op]a1 a  
"w to :i* he return$ 9     ! height ( 8 
c>e] 7#agcg-dd74 ,9 #agcd he became     
,academician4     ,9 #agce he 0 appo9t$ 
head ( ! ,gobel9s by ,m>igny4 ,9 #agfe  
he 0 made fir/ pa9t] to ! k+ & ,director
 ( ! ,academy4     ,9 ! ye>s betwe5     
#agdj & #agee he pa9t$ _m c>toons = !   
,beauvais tape/ry works4 ,among 8 mo/   
fam\s tape/ry suites are     ! ,loves ( 
! ,gods1 ! ,*9ese ,hang+s1 & ! ,italian 
,ftes4   ,sid5ote3 #fh  ,,gobel9s1      
,,xviii ,,c5tury 7#agfg7  ,sid5ote3     
,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #d ft4 #aa 94    
,w4 #f ft4 #f 94   ,,! ,,=tune-,,tell]3 

,two peasant girls seat$ on ! gr\nd by a
 f\nta9 are hav+ _! =tune told by ano!r 
girl4 ,a nak$ baby cl+s to h] skirts4 ,f
 "o side a goat looks on inquisitively4 
,x is sign$ ,f4 ,b\*] & dat$4  ,sid5ote3
 ,illu/rat$3 ,fnaille1 ,l',etat gnral   
des ,tapiss]ies de la ,manufacture des  
,gobel9s1 ,dix-huitime ,sicle1 #bme     
,p>tie1 p4 #bch4  ,?is is "o ( a s]ies (
 c>toons 9 small size made by ,b\*] = ! 
,gobel9s :ile he 0 director4 ,!y 7 v    
popul> & h be5 wov5 a numb] ( times4  ,!
 piece %[s h[ rem>kably ! delicate      
gradations ( tone1 on :i* ,b\*]'s       
ess5tial quality dep5d$1 c\ld be        
translat$ into ! weave by !             
extraord9>ily skillful craftsm5 ( !     
,gobel9s4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,duve5     
,bro!rs4   ,z 9 all ( ,b\*]'s c>toons1 !
 subject is only an occasion = 8 own    
*>m+ decorative mann]isms4 ,z a r5dition
 ( peasant life1 x is int]e/+ to contra/
 ?is c>toon ) ! hone/ lit]alness (      
,t5i]s 7cf4 ,nos4 #dg-di74   ,sid5ote3  
#fi  ,,aubusson1 ,,late ,,xviii ,,c5tury

  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 
#i ft4 #aj 94     ,w4 #g ft4 #e 94      
,,baigneuse3 ,a ba!r att5d$ by amor9i is
 ab\t to /ep into a woodl& /ream4 ,9 an 
oval frame surr\nd$ by an encadrem5t (  
g>l&s upheld by amor9i & sat9 drapes 9 !
 mann] ( ,huet1 on a gray gr\nd4  ,!    
c5tral panel is aft] ,fragon>d1 a       
subject t he repeat$ ) _m v>iations4 ,! 
piece is typical ( ! ,aubusson "w1      
delicate 9 color ) ! decorative effect  
dep5d+ l>gely on ! fl[]y encadrem5t4    
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4 ,fr5*         
,company4      ,jean ,honor ,fragon>d   
7#agcb-ahjf7 /udi$ "u ,b\*]1 ,greuze1 & 
,*>d91 & is usually consid]$ ! successor
 ( ,b\*]4 ,9 #ageb     he 0 giv5 ,gr&   
,prize = ,pa9t+4 ,he 0 a favorite pa9t] 
(     ,madame ,du ,b>ry1 = :om he did a 
great deal ( "w4   ,sid5ote3 #gj        
,,aubusson1 ,,late ,,xviii ,,c5tury     
,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #h
 ft4 #aj 94     ,w4 #f ft4 #f 94   ,,au 
,,bord ,,du ,,m]3 ,9 an oval panel are  
peasants l&+ f a r[boat4 ,9 ! h>bor "u a

 cliff is a sail+ vessel4 ,9 an         
encadrem5t ( r$ & blue fl[]s & ribbons  
on a gray gr\nd4  ,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 !  
,vaffr9 ,collection1 ,bordeaux4  ,!     
c5tral panel is aft] ,v]net1 :o 0       
p>ticul>ly fam\s = 8 port sc5es4 ,!     
encadrem5t is unusually ri* & delicate4 
,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,wild5/e9  ,company4  
,claude-,joseph ,v]net 7#agad-aghi7 fir/
 /udi$ "u 8 fa!r z     a decorative     
pa9t] ( wall & furniture panels4        
,aft]w>d he     /udi$ "u ,b]n>d9o       
,f]giori 9 ,rome to be a m>9e pa9t]4 ,9 
#agce he 0 receiv$ by ! ,academy4 ,8 mo/
 fam\s pa9t+s1 (     ! seaports (       
,france1 are 9 ! ,l\vre4   ,sid5ote3 #ga
  ,,aubusson1 ,,xviii ,,c5tury          
,sid5ote3      ,wool4     ,h4 #i ft4    
,w4 #e ft4   ,,*9ese ,,grotesque3 ,a    
,*9aman1 fanta/ically dress$1 /&s betwe5
 two tall tropical trees4 ,on a         
pale-blue gr\nd4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,a4 
,j4 ,hal[4  ,! piece is a delightful    
example ( ! ta/e = *9ois]ies :i* !      
,pompad\r fo/]$ = ! b5efit ( ! ,fr5*    

,ea/ ,india ,company1 9 :i* %e 0        
int]e/$1 & :i* ta/e 0 eag]ly foll[$ by !
 frivol\s & bor$ ,fr5* c\rt1 always     
seek+ novelty4   ,sid5ote3 #gb          
,,aubusson1 ,,xviii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3 
,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #d ft4 #c 94     
,w4 #c ft4 #i 94   ,,armorial3 ,on a r$ 
gr\nd1 two angels support a %ield4      
,bord] ( scrolls4  ,?is crisp & delicate
 little armorial is a f9e example ( !   
be/ quality ( "w done at ,aubusson 9 !  
late ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury4 ,! cle> draw+ 
on ! deep-r$ backgr\nd makes a vivid    
piece ( decoration4  ,sid5ote3          
,exhibit$3 ,detroit ,museum ( ,f9e      
,arts1 #aiai4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,dikran
 ,k4 ,kelekian4  ,! r5dition ( a coat ( 
arms 9 tape/ry is difficult1 because !  
decorative value ( h]aldic devices      
dep5ds almo/ entirely on ! beauty ( !   
l9e-draw+1 & tape/ry1 because ( ! "* ( !
 weave & ! surface1 is n a good m$ium = 
clean l9es4 ,9 ! e>li] p]iods1 !re=e1 ! 
%ield 0 usually made incid5tal to a     
design bett] adapt$ to tape/ry 7cf4 ,no4

 #i74 ,x 0 only well into ! ,x,v,i,i,ith
 c5tury t ! be>+s c\ld be wov5          
delicately en\gh to let !m /& alone4    
,sid5ote3 #gc  ,,imp]ial ,,russian      
,,tape/ry ,,works1 ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg1    
#ahaa  ,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4    
,h4 #i ft4 #d 94     ,w4 #f ft4 #g 94   
,,ca!r9e ,,! ,,great3 ,ca!r9e /&s 9 h]  
robes ( /ate hold+ ! sceptre :ile !     
,imp]ial cr[n re/s on a /ool beside h]4 
,on ! wall is ! ,russian motto1         
,,na*atoye ,,sov]*ayet 7,:at is begun is
 accompli%$74 ,x is sign$ & dat$4       
,sid5ote3 ,exhibit$3 ,metropolitan      
,museum1 #aiab4  ,= %e] te*nical skill !
 r5dition ( ?is portrait is             
unsurpassable4 ,! repres5tation (       
textures is rem>kable1 q on a p> ) !    
clev]e/ pa9t+s ( ! p]iod4  ,illu/ration3
      ,! ,poison+ ( a ,spy      ,no4 #ef
   ,illu/ration3      ,! ,arms ( ,france
 & ,nav>re      ,no4 #fg   ,sid5ote3    
,illu/rat$3 ,hunt]1 ,tape/ries1 pl4     
#bbi2 also1 ,c&ee1 ,tape/ry ,book1 opp4 
p4 #acc1--;b wrongly attribut$ to !     

,gobel9s4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,p4 ,w4    
,fr5*  ,company4  ,x is1 9 tru?1 an     
absolutely p]fect reproduction ( a      
pa9t+--a pa9t+1 moreov]1 t f ! "* ( all 
! accessories is p>ticul>ly difficult to
 r5d] 9 wool2 & :ile x is by no means ! 
bus9ess ( tape/ry to imitate pa9t+1 x is
 nev]!less an int]e/+ display (         
rem>kable virtuosity4 ,! p]sonal p[] ( !
 =ceful old ,empress is /rongly pres5t$4
 ,f e aspect ?is is "o ( ! greate/      
portraits 9 a wov5 m$ium4 ,9 g5]al color
 tone ! piece has rema9$ fai?ful to ! "*
 ( tape/ry1 su/a9+ ! ri* quality t !    
solid texture dem&s4 ,9 spite1 also1 ( !
 ne$ = _m delicately grad$ values to    
r5d] ! /uffs & ! model+1 ! weav]s h kept
 ! color 9 l>ge en\gh masses to be      
broadly decorative4   ,sid5ote3 #gd     
,,madrid1 ,,late ,,xviii ,,c5tury       
,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #e
 ft4     ,w4 #h ft4   ,,! ,,c>d         
,,play]s3 ,a gr\p ( m5 & wom5 play+ at  
c>ds sit ab\t a table on :i* is ?r[n a  
ri* brocade4 ,"o ( ! company sits to "o 

side play+ a lute4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by   
,duve5 ,bro!rs4  ,?is piece is "o ( ! r 
uncommon examples ( ! "w ( ! ,santa     
,b>b>a looms ( ,madrid4 ,! skill ( !    
weav]s is rem>kable 9 reproduc+ ! heavy 
model+ ( ! deep %ad[s & ! delicate      
modulations ( ! faces4 ,= ! p]fect      
r5dition ( ! effect ( a pa9t+ 9 tape/ry 
x _c be excell$4   ,,add5da      ,!     
tape/ries ent]$ "u ?is head+ 7 receiv$  
too late to be ent]$ 9 _! prop] ord]    
9 ! body ( ! catalogue4   ,sid5ote3 #ge 
,,brussels1 ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,xvi ,,c5tury 
,sid5ote3      ,wool1 ,silk1 ,gold4     
,h4 #i ft4 #a 94     ,w4 #g ft4 #h 94   
,,! ,,resurrection3 ,! ris5 ,*ri/       
discov]$ by ,pet]4 ,upp] left1 ! ,agony 
9 ,ge?semane2 upp] "r1 ,*ri/ appe>+ to  
,m>y 9 ! g>d54 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 ! angel  
appe>+ to ! ?ree wom54 ,bord] ( fruits &
 fl[]s1 grapes1 roses1 & iris int]sp]s$ 
) f9*es & a p>oquet4  ,?is tape/ry1 !   
la/ ( a s]ies illu/rat+ ! ,passion (    
,our ,"l1 0 design$ 9 ! /udio ( ,b]n>d  
,van ,orley1 & may be ! "w ( ,van ,orley

 himself1 ?\gh !re 7 "s ( 8 /ud5ts &    
foll[]s :o 9 purity ( conception &      
elevation & s5sitiv5ess ( feel+ 7       
sup]ior at times to ! ma/] himself4 ,!  
weav+1 unsurpassable 9 te*nical         
p]fection1 may be ! "w ( ! ,pannemak]   
looms4 ,! quality ( ! design & weav+ & !
 lavi% use ( gold all indicate t ?is    
s]ies 0 made = a great *ur* or a noble  
family4  ,sid5ote3 ,=m]ly 9 !           
,collection ( ! ,duc d',albe4  ,! weav]s
 at ?is p]iod _h atta9$ complete ma/]y (
 ! %uttle4 ,?is absolute te*nical       
control made possible ! exact           
translation into tape/ry ( ! intricate  
,r5aissance patt]ns4 ,! f9i% & elegance 
( ! goldsmi?'s art :i* *>act]iz$ s mu* (
 ,r5aissance design is p]fectly r5d]$4  
,h[ev]1 :ile ! weav+ 0 fitt$ to !       
requirem5ts ( ! ,r5aissance at ?is "t1 x
 _h n yet sacrific$ any ( its qualities 
z tape/ry4 ,nor did ! designs ( ,b]n>d  
,van ,orley =ce ! weav]s out ( _! prop] 
limitations4 ,= ?\gh he 0 ,italian tra9$
 & saturat$ ) ,r5aissance influ5ces1 he 

0 /ill close to ! te*nical problems ( ! 
weav]'s art & he adju/$ ! new mann] 9   
pa9t+ to !m4 ,s ?is piece is ri* 9      
jewel-l detail t enri*es )\t cr[d+ !    
:ole surface4 ,! draw+ ( ! fl[]s & !    
birds is exquisite4 ,! figures also1 9  
spite ( _! dramatic =ce1 keep ! alo(    
poise t decorative art dem&s4 ,f9ally1  
by means ( a disp]sion ( sub/antial     
tones1 ! brilliant suffusion ( gold5    
light :i* ! ,r5aissance lov$ is fully   
a*iev$4  ,su* a sc5e z ?is is1 9 %ort1  
"o ( ! la/ great monum5ts ( ! p]fection 
( ,go?ic tape/ry1 re9spir$ by ! new     
insights ( ! ,r5aissance be=e !         
o/5tation & mi/ak5 conv5tions ( ,raphael
 misguid$ ! entire art4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t 
by ,mrs4 ,william ,h4 ,crock]4  ,nor is 
x m]ely a te*nical triumph4 ,x is !     
direct expression ( a pr(\nd religi\s   
emotion :i* %9es ?r\gh ! mat]ial beauty1
 elevates x above e>?ly ?+s1 & sets x   
ap>t 9 glory4 ,ea/] has sc>ce _h a      
loveli] celebration4   ,sid5ote3 #gf    
,,brussels1 ,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3   

,wool & ,silk4     ,h4 #ae ft4     ,w4  
#ai ft4   ,,! ,,triumph ,,( ,,wisdom3   
,wisdom ) h] two h]ons rides 9 a *>iot  
drawn by my?ological bea/s4 ,9 ! upp] "r
 are ,p]seus & ,pegasus4 ,be=e ! *>iot  
are ,ahasu]us1 ,abigail1 ,david1 &      
,saba4 ,cass&ra walks beside1 :ile      
,titus & 8 soldi]s1 ,ra*el1 & ,judi? ) !
 head ( ,hol(]nes br+ up ! re>4 ,9 !    
upp] left ,prome!us1 9 ! l[] ,cadmus1   
cont5d+ ) ! dragons4  ,?is is "o ( a v  
fam\s set ( tape/ries illu/rat+ !       
,triumphs ( ,petr>* & a numb] ( o!r     
,triumphs inv5t$ by ,fr5* poets 9       
imitation ( ,petr>*4 ,! c>toons are     
evid5tly ! product ( ! /udio ( ,matre   
,philippe 7cf4 ,nos4 #ai1 #bj71 = !     
heads ( sev]al ( ! m9or *>act]s are     
regul> models1 (t5 repeat$ 9 8 "w4 ,!   
c>toons 7 pa9t$ & also execut$ be=e     
#aebc1 because 9 t ye> ,h5ry ,,vii b\ght
 eight ( ! set1 f\r ( :i* are /ill at   
,hampton ,c\rt4 ,?is piece1 h[ev]1 0    
wov5 9 ! middle ( ! c5tury1 z is %[n by 
! "* ( ! heavy floral bord]4 ,9 !       

selvage is ! ,brussels city m>k & ! m>k 
( ! ,brussels weav]1 ,leo ,van d5       
,hecke4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,mrs4        
,william ,h4 ,crock]4  ,! design is full
 ( ! oblique symbolism t ! p]iod lov$4  
,! allusions are drawn ) equal int]e/ f 
classic tradition1 secul> hi/ory1 &     
,*ri/ian leg5d4 ,! entire pa/ has be5   
laid "u tribute ) magnific5t disreg>d ( 
hi/orical1 social1 & religi\s congruity4
 ,su* an unclassifi$ assemblage ( excit+
 p]sonalities might ev5 cause confusion 
9 ! ,day ( ,judgm5t4 ,x is typical ( !  
,r5aissance ca?olicity1 ! ,r5aissance   
eag]ness to assimilate all k & be always
 z impressive z possible4 ,yet ! figures
 /ill h "s ( ! /ately re/ra9t ( !       
,go?ic1 & ! disp]sion ( ! po9ts (       
int]e/1 s t ! :ole textile is equally   
cov]$1 is a rema9d] f ! ,go?ic ta/e4    
,truly transitional1 x repres5ts ! f9al 
/age ( ,matre ,philippe's developm5t4   
,sid5ote3 #gg  ,,fl&]s1 ,,enghi5 7871   
,,xvi ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool &  
,silk4     ,h4 #e ft4     ,w4 #f ft4 #aa

 94   ,,v]dure3 ,scroll+ leaves 9 ri*   
blue-gre5 ) r$ & yell[ fl[]s & fruits on
 a v deep-blue gr\nd4 ,a wide bord] (   
clu/]s ( fl[]s & fruits4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t
 by ,mrs4 ,william ,h4 ,crock]4  ,?is is
 a notably brilliant example ( !        
*>act]i/ic ,r5aissance v]dure4 ,! draw+ 
is bo? accurate & vivaci\s1 ! colors    
pure1 deep1 & brilliant1 ! wool (       
extraord9>y firmness & lu/re1 :ile !    
weave is rem>kably close = ! type4      
,tape/ries ( ?is class are s (t5        
p]functory 9 conception & me*anical 9   
execution t we ne$ a piece ( ?is cl>ity1
 /r5g?1 & p]fect f9i% to %[ h[ spl5did  
are ! possibilities inh]5t 9 ! simple   
design4   ,sid5ote3 #gh  ,,fl&]s1 ,,late
 ,,xvii ,,c5tury  ,sid5ote3      ,wool &
 ,silk4     ,h4 #aa ft4 #h 94     ,w4   
#ae ft4   ,,! ,,cabriole3 ,a "y knight  
%[s 8 skill 9 jump+ 8 horse4 ,at ! left 
a page leads 9 a sumptu\sly cap>ison$   
horse4 ,at ! "r a l>ge f\nta9 is se5    
?r\gh ! trees1 & 9 ! backgr\nd is a =mal
 g>d5 ) f\nta9s4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by     

,mrs4 ,william ,h4 ,crock]4  ,su* v     
decorative v]dures1 half reali/ic       
l&scapes1 7 among ! f9e/ products ( !   
late ,x,v,i,ith & ,x,v,i,i,ith c5turies4
 ,aud5>de looms wove _m ( ! be/ pieces (
 ! type1 & ?is piece probably came f t  
di/rict4 ,! f\nta9 is r5d]$ ) delightful
 detail & animation1 & ! draw+ ( fl[+   
wat]s1 a try+ problem = tape/ry1 is     
manag$ ) admirable dext]ity4   ,sid5ote3
 #gi  ,,antw]p1 ,,late ,,xvii ,,c5tury  
,sid5ote3      ,wool & ,silk4     ,h4   
#cb 94     ,w4 #bd 94   ,,sc5es ,,f ,,! 
,,*ildhood ,,( ,,*ri/3 ,on a black gr\nd
 /rewn ) fl[]s1 five oval panels fram$ )
 wrea?s3 ! ,annunciation2 ! ,nativity2 !
 ,adoration ( ! ,magi2 ! ,circumcision2 
! ,flight into ,egypt4  ,sid5ote3       
,illu/rat$3 ,s*mitz1 ,bild-,teppi*e1 p4 
#bfe4  ,sid5ote3 ,l5t by ,mrs4 ,william 
,h4 ,crock]4  ,?is v unusual tape/ry 0 !
 "w ( ,bal?as> ,bosmanns1 "o ( ! greate/
 weav]s ( ,antw]p4 ,! reali/ically drawn
 yet ri*ly decorative fl[]s %[ !        
influ5ce ( ! s*ool ( fl[] pa9t]s ( :i*  

,jan ,brueghel 0 ! mo/ fam\s4 ,! l&scape
 9 ! ,adoration & ! ,flight into ,egypt 
are r5d]$ ) exquisite delicacy4 ,!      
effect ( ! panels 9 su* light1 fre%1    
almo/ pa/el colors aga9/ ! black gr\nd  
is a d>+ & /rik+ decorative exp]im5t4   
,ano!r r5d]+ ( ! same c>toon is 9 !     
,kun/gew]be ,museum1 ,b]l94             
,,footnotes3  ,footnote #a3 ,s*mitz1    
,bild-,teppi*e1 p4 #ahf4  ,footnote #b3 
,l9dn]1 ,d] ,breslau] ,froiss>t4        
,footnote #c3 ,amb]g] ,catalogue4       
,footnote #d3 ,?iry1 ,les ,inscriptions 
des ,tapiss]ies de ,jean ,van ,room1 pp4
 #bc1 #bd;,e4  ,footnote #e3 ,m>quet de 
,vasselot1 ,les ,emaux ,lim\s91 ,no4 #h1
 pl4 ,,ii4  ,footnote #f3 ,op4 cit4 #bi1
 pl4 ,x4  ,footnote #g3 ,op4 cit4 #di1  
pl4 ,,xvi4  ,footnote #h3 ,ord] =       
,paym5t ( ,philip ! ,good1 ,april #d1   
#adee1 quot$ 9 ,van d5 ,gheyn1          
,*roniques et ,conqutes de ,*>lemagne1  
by le ,tav]ni]1 p4 #aa4  ,footnote #i3  
,see ,burl+ton ,magaz9e1 vol4 #bj1 pp4  
#bdg1 #cji4 ,d4 ,t4 ,b4 ,wood1 ,cr$o    

,tape/ries4  ,footnote #aj3 ,see ,b>bi] 
de ,montault's inv5tory 9 ,annales      
,ar*ologiques1 tome #ae1 pp4 #bcb1 #bif4
  ,footnote #aa3 ,van ,kalck51 ,pe9tures
 ecclsia/iques du ,moy5 ,age4 ,notes by 
,dr4 ,jan ,six4  ,footnote #ab3 ,op4    
cit4 p4 #a4  ,footnote #ac3 ,op4 cit4 p4
 #c4  ,footnote #ad3 ,op4 cit4 p4 #ae4  
,footnote #ae3 ,burl+ton ,magaz9e1 vol4 
#bj1 p4 #bbj4 ,d4 ,t4 ,b4 ,wood1        
,tape/ries ( ! ,sev5 ,deadly ,s9s4      
,footnote #af3 ,catalogue ( !           
,collection ( ,m>t9 le ,roy1 vol4 #d4   
,footnote #ag3 ,de/re1 ,tapiss]ies et   
,sculptures bruxelloises1 p4 #h4        
,footnote #ah3 ,?iry1 ,les ,inscriptions
 des ,tapiss]ies de ,jean ,van ,room4   
,footnote #ai3 ,bod5haus]1 ,g]>d ,david1
 ,no4 #aj4  ,footnote #bj3 ,op4 cit4    
,no4 #be;a4  ,footnote #ba3 ,de/re1     
,hugo ,van d] ,goes1 opp4 p4 #dh4       
,footnote #bb3 ,op4 cit41 opp4 p4 #cb4  
,footnote #bc3 ,?iry1 ,les ,inscriptions
 des ,tapiss]ies de ,jean ,van ,room1 p4
 #bh4  ,footnote #bd3 ,?iry1 ,les       

,inscriptions des ,tapiss]ies de ,jean  
,van ,room1 p4 #bg4 ,also1 ,de/re & ,van
 d5 ,v51 ,les ,tapiss]ies1 ,no4 #ag4    
,footnote #be3 ,= illu/ration1 see      
,fs\lke ,collection1 opp4 p4 #di4       
,footnote #bf3 ,?omson1 ,hi/ory (       
,tape/ry1 p4 #dgi4  ,footnote #bg3 ,=   
fur!r discussion1 see ,gazette des      
,beaux ,arts1 #bme ,priode2 ,montaiglon1
 ,diane de ,poiti]s et ,son ,gt dans les
 ,arts1 t4 ,,xix1 p4 #aeb4  ,footnote   
#bh3 ,la ,r5aissance de l',art franais1 
#aiba1 p4 #aei ff42 ,e4 ,dimi]1 ,la     
,t5ture de la ,gr&e ,gal]ie4  ,footnote 
#bi3 ,fnaille1 ,etat gnral des          
,tapiss]ies de la ,manufacture des      
,gobel9s1 ,priode ,l\is ,,xiv1 pp4 #ccg1
 #cda;f41 #cdd1 #cgj4  ,footnote #cj3   
,fnaille1 ,etat gnral des ,tapiss]ies de
 la ,manufacture des ,gobel9s1 ,priode  
,l\is ,,xiv1 pp4 #ccg4 #cdc;f41 #cfi4   
,footnote #ca3 ,bad91 ,la ,manufacture  
de la ,tapiss]ie de ,beauvais1 p4 #aa4  
,footnote #cb3 ,fnaille1 ,etat gnral des
 ,tapiss]ies de la ,manufacture des     

,gobel9s1 ,dix-huitime ,sicle1 ,p>tie   
#aa1 p4 #dj;ff4  ,footnote #cc3 ,bad91  
,la ,manufacture de la ,tapiss]ie de    
,beauvais1 p4 #fd4  ,footnote #cd3      
,bad91 ,la ,manufacture de la ,tapiss]ie
 de ,beauvais1 p4 #ge4     ,a ,,li/ ,,( 
,,weav]s   ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! mo/   
prom95t weav]s4 ,su* m5 z ,sir ,francis 
,crane1 ( ,mortlake1 & ,delorme1 (      
,fonta9ebleau1 h n be5 includ$ because  
!y 7 only adm9i/rators4 ,x is possible t
 ,gr5i] 0 n a weav]1 ?\gh he may h be5  
bo? weav] & contractor4      ,nicolas   
,bataille         ,p>is                 
,x,i,vth ,c5tury     ,pasqui] ,gr5i]    
,t\rnai   ,middle ( ,x,vth ,c5tury      
,piet] ,van ,ael/         ,brussels     
,x,v,ith ,c5tury     ,wilhelm ,pannemak]
       ,brussels           ,x,v,ith     
,c5tury     ,franois ,geubels           
,brussels           ,x,v,ith ,c5tury    
,hub]t de ,me*t          ,brussels      
,x,v,ith ,c5tury     ,john ,k>*]        
,f]r>a            ,x,v,ith ,c5tury      
,nicolas ,k>*]          ,f]r>a          

,x,v,ith ,c5tury     ,john ,ro/         
,flor5ce           ,x,v,ith ,c5tury     
,philip de ,me*t          ,mortlake     
,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury     ,francis ,poyntz 
,mortlake          ,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury   
,francis ,spi]9x         ,delft         
,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury     ,john ,v&]banc   
,engl&           ,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury     
,ca!r9e ,van d] ,eynde  ,brussels       
,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury     ,jean ,raes      
,brussels          ,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury   
,ev]>d ,leyni]s         ,brussels       
,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury     ,jacques ,van d] 
,beur*t  ,brussels          ,x,v,i,ith  
,c5tury     ,m>c ,comans                
,p>is             ,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury    
,franois de la ,plan*e   ,p>is          
,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury     ,jean ,lefbvre   
,p>is             ,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury    
,jean ,jans                ,p>is        
,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury     ,g]>d ,laur5t    
,p>is             ,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury    
,philippe ,behagle         ,beauvais    
,x,v,i,i,ith ,c5tury     ,cozette       
,gobel9s         ,x,v,i,i,ith ,c5tury   

,le ,blond                 ,gobel9s     
,x,v,i,i,ith ,c5tury     ,de la ,t\r    
,gobel9s         ,x,v,i,i,ith ,c5tury   
,james ,neilson            ,gobel9s     
,x,v,i,i,ith ,c5tury     ,jacques ,van  
d] ,got5    ,madrid                     
,x,v,i,i,ith ,c5tury     ,anto9e ,l5g]  
,madrid           ,x,v,i,i,ith ,c5tury  
,,bibliography  ,all ! books />r$ 7997  
may be consult$ 9 ! ,san ,francisco     
,public ,libr>y  ,illu/ration  ,!re is1 
un=tunately1 no satisfactory book 9     
,engli% on ,tape/ry & no :olly          
satisfactory book = ! g5]al read] 9 any 
language4 ,! foll[+ are ! mo/ useful &  
are readily available4   99,c&ee1 ,hel5 
,*ur*ill4 ,! ,tape/ry ,book4 ,new ,york1
 #aiab4      ,a some:at sup]ficial &    
s5tim5tal sket* ( ! hi/ory (            
tape/ry1 ) almo/ no int]pretation &     
little indication ( !     relation (    
tape/ry to ! o!r arts4  ,de,motte1 ,g4  
,j4 ,les ,tapiss]ies go?iques4 ,p>is1   
#aibb4      ,:5 complete w conta9 two   
hundr$ l>ge color plates (              

incomp>able beauty & fidelity4          
,invaluable z a s\rce-book4 ,w          
conta9 probably ! majority ( important  
examples ( ! p]iod4  ,guiffrey1 ,j4 ,j4 
,l',hi/oire de la ,tapiss]ie4 ,t\rs1    
#ahhf4      ,a n>rative hi/ory1 n[      
sup]s$$ 9 a numb] ( respects4           
,guiffrey1 ,j4 ,j4 ,l',hi/oire de la    
,tapiss]ie en ,france 7,l',hi/oire      
gnrale de la ,tapiss]ie74 ,p>is1        
#ahgh-he4      ,a compilation ( all !   
facts available at ! "t1 & /ill an      
important fundam5tal ref]5ce "w4        
,guiffrey1 ,j4 ,j4 ,les ,tapiss]ies du  
,x,i,ie  la f9 du ,x,v,ie ,sicle4 ,p>is1
 n4 d4      ,! mo/ detail$ survey ( !   
p]iod1 b un=tunately poorly             
organiz$4 ,sup]bly illu/rat$4  99,hunt]1
 ,george ,lel&4 ,tape/ries3 ,_! ,orig91 
,hi/ory1 & ,r5aissance4 ,new ,york1     
#aiab4      ,an unsy/ematic assemblage (
 facts1 n all ( :i* are correct1     &  
_m ( :i* are irrelevant4  ,migeon1      
,ga/on4 ,les ,arts de ,tissu 7,troisime 
,p>tie74 ,p>is1 #aiji4      ,a complete 

& readable acc\nt ( ! hi/ory ( tape/ry1 
)     "s excell5t int]pretations4       
,mntz1 ,eugne4 ,l',hi/oire de la        
,tapiss]ie en ,italie1 en ,allemagne1   
etc4 7,l',hi/oire gnrale de la          
,tapiss]ie74 ,p>is1 #ahgh-he4           
,simil> to ,guiffrey's volume 9 ! same  
s]ies4  ,mntz1 ,eugne4 ,la ,tapiss]ie4  
,p>is1 #ahhc4      ,a brief pres5tation 
( ! g5]al hi/ory1 sup]s$$ at "s         
po9ts1 b ) valuable illum9at+           
int]pretations4  ,p9*>t1 ,a4 ,l',hi/oire
 de la ,tapiss]ie dans les ,fl&res      
7,l',hi/oire gnrale de la ,tapiss]ie74  
,p>is1 #ahgh-he4      ,simil> to ! o!r  
volumes ( ! same s]ies4  ,s*mitz1       
,h]man4 ,bild-,teppi*e4 ,b]l91 #aiai4   
,by f> ! mo/ sy/ematic1 s*ol>ly1        
complete1 & in=m+ book     yet publi%$  
on ! subject4  99,?omson1 ,w4 ,g4 ,a    
,hi/ory ( ,tape/ry4 ,new ,york1 #aijf4  
,a conv5tional hi/ory ) useful tables ( 
m>ks1 b limit$ by     be+ illu/rat$     
entirely ) examples 9 ,engl&4           
99,?omson1 ,w4 ,g4 ,tape/ry ,weav+ 9    

,engl&4 ,new ,york1 #aiad4      ,!      
fundam5tal ref]5ce on ?is aspect ( !    
subject1 ) full     reproduction (      
docum5ts4   ,9 addition to ! above      
titles1 !re are a great numb] (         
monographs on v>i\s phases ( ! subject1 
_m ( :i* are excell5t4 ,= example3      
,?iry1 ,les ,inscriptions des           
,tapiss]ies de ,jean ,van ,room1 ,l\va91
 #aijg1 is an able piece ( "w1 a model (
 exact s*ol>%ip4 ,! majority ( ^!       
monographs are ( int]e/ only to !       
special /ud5t4 ,s*mitz ref]s to ! m     
important ( !m 9 8 foot-notes4          
,,subject  ,,title ,,index  ,e tape/ry  
is li/$ by its respective catalogue     
numb]1 & a /> 7997 indicates ! tape/ry  
is illu/rat$4  ,illu/ration             
,,looms ,,repres5t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,exhibition
                           ,numb]s      
,aubusson                               
#fb1 #fi1 #gj1 #ga1 #gb      ,beauvais  
99#ea1 99#eb1 #ei1 #fj1 #fa1 #ff1 99#fg 
,engli%                                 
#di      ,flemi% ,go?ic          99#c   

99#d1 99#e1 #g1 99#ad1 #ae1 #af1 99#ag1 
#ah1 #ai1 #bj1                          
99#ba1 #ge1 #gf      ,flemi% ,r5aissance
   #bc1 #bd1 99#be1 99#bf1 #bg1 #bh1    
#bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1                
#cd1 99#ce1 #gg      ,flemi%1 ,x,v,i,ith
 ,c5tury            99#da1 #db1 #dc1    
#dd1 #de1 #df1 #gh1 #gi      ,flemi%1   
,x,v,i,i,ith ,c5tury                    
#dg1 #dh1 #ec1 #ed1 #ee1 99#ef          
,fonta9ebleau                           
99#cf1 99#cg      ,fr5* ,go?ic          
99#a1 99#b1 99#h1 #i1 99#aj1 #aa1 #ab1  
99#ac      ,fr5*1 ,x,v,i,ith ,c5tury    
99#ch1 99#ci1 #dj1 #ej1 #eh      ,g]man 
& ,swiss ,go?ic                         
#f1 99#bb      ,gobel9s                 
#eg1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #fh      ,russian   
#gc      ,spani%                        
#gd       ,,allegorical1 ,,classical1   
,,hi/orical1 ,,& ,,my?ological          
,am]ica                                 
#db      ,augu/us & ,livia1 ,triumph (  
#dd      ,bac*ante                      
#fc      ,*9ese ,grotesque              

#ei      ,*9ese ,grotesque              
#ga      ,cleopatra1 ,two ,sc5es f !    
,hi/ory (                  99#ci1 #dj   
,cyrus1 ,two ,sc5es f ! ,life (         
99#bf1 #bg      ,decemb] f ! ,mon?s (   
,lucas                             #eh  
,diana1 ,triumph (                      
99#cg      ,grotesques                  
99#cf      ,h]cules1 ! ,hi/ory (        
#g      ,indian ,hunt]1 ,!              
#fe      ,july f ! ,mon?s ( ,lucas      
#eg      ,l\is ! ,great1 ,! ,conque/ (  
99#eb      ,niobides1 ,!                
99#ch      ,prie/ & ,c>d5io ,meet       
,doro?y1 ,!                             
#fb      ,roman de la ,rose1 ,sc5es f ! 
99#d      ,romance1 ,sc5es f a          
#bj      ,san*o is ,toss$ 9 a ,blanket  
#df      ,scipio1 ,?ree ,sc5es f ! ,de$s
 (                 #bc1 #bd1 99#be      
,siege ( ,lille1 ,! ,op]ations ( !      
#ec1 #ed1 #ee1 99#ef      ,wisdom1      
,triumph (                              
#gf       ,,armorial      ,armorial1    
,aubusson1 ,x,v,i,i,ith ,c5tury         

#gb      ,armorial1 ,bruges1 #aeef      
#cd      ,arms ( ,france & ,nav>re1 ,!  
99#fg      ,millefleurs ,armorial )     
,wild ,m5                               
#i      ,millefleurs ) ,%eph]ds & !     
,%ield ( ! ,rigaut ,family 99#aj        
,,g5re ,,sc5es      ,au ,bord ,du ,m]   
#gj      ,baigneuse                     
#fi      ,cabriole1 ,!                  
#gh      ,c>d ,play]s1 ,!               
#gd      ,*ase1 ,!                      
99#b      ,=tune-,tell]1 ,!             
#fh      ,pa/oral ,sc5e                 
99#ac      ,peasants 9 a ,l&scape       
#di      ,peasant ,sc5es1 ,two          
#dg1 #dh      ,!ft ( ! ,trunk1 ,!       
#ff      ,two ,pairs ( ,lov]s           
99#bb      ,v9tage1 ,!                  
99#e       ,,l&scapes      ,g>d5 ,sc5e  
#cj      ,hunt+ ,sc5e                   
#cb      ,millefleurs ) ,animals        
#aa      ,millefleurs ) ,animals        
#ab      ,v]dure1 ,enghi5 787           
#cc      ,v]dure1 ,enghi5  787          
#gg      ,v]dure1 ,fl&]s1 ,x,v,ith      

,c5tury                                 
#ca      ,v]dure1 ,fl&]s1 ,x,v,i,ith    
,c5tury                                 
99#da      ,v]dure3 ,h]mes & ! ,%eph]d  
#ej      ,v]dure ) ,be> ,hunt           
#dc      ,v]dure ) ,danc+ ,nymphs       
99#ea       ,,portraits      ,ca!r9e !  
,great                                  
#gc      ,l\is ,,xv                     
#fd       ,,religi\s ,,subjects         
,annunciation1 ,!                       
99#a      ,annunciation1 ! ,nativity & !
 ,ann\ncem5t to ! ,%eph]ds1        ,!   
99#c      ,*ildhood ( ,*ri/1 ,sc5es f ! 
#gi      ,cre$1 ,?ree ,pieces f a ,s]ies
 ,illu/rat+ !     99#ad1 #ae1 #af       
,cre$1 ,?ree ,pieces f a ,s]ies         
,illu/rat+ !     99#ag1 #ah1 #ai        
,crucifixion1 ,!                        
99#ce      ,david1 ,! ,triumph (        
99#ba      ,entombm5t on ,millefleurs   
99#h      ,judi? ,dep>ts = ! ,enemy's   
,camp                             #bi   
,life ( ,*ri/1 ,sc5es f !               
#f      ,p5teco/1 ,!                    

#bh      ,resurrection1 ,!              
#ge      ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ,!             
#de       ,,/ill ,,life      ,two       
,/ill-,life ,pieces                     
#fj1 #fa   ,illu/ration      ,,taylor   
,,taylor     ,,edw>d ,,de ,,witt  ,,h5ry
 ,h4 ,,taylor     ,,san ,,francisco     
#aibb         99       99       99      
99       99                             
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,transcrib] ,notes3                     
,p4 #bj4 '! m9ature' *ang$ to '!        
m9iature'4                    ,footnote 
p4 #ca4 ',*roniques et ,conqutes de     
,*>lema9e'             *ang$ to         
',*roniques et ,conqutes ,*>lemagne'4   
,p4 #fj4 ',les ,incriptions' *ang$ to   
',les ,inscriptions'4                   
,correct$ v>i\s punctuation4            
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