,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by    
und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74      
99       99       99       99       99  
,plut>*'s ,romane ,que/ions4 ,translat$ 
,a4,d4 #afjc by ,philemon ,holl&1       
,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1      
,cambridge4 ,n[ aga9 edit$ by ,frank    
,byron ,jebons1 ,m4,a41 ,classical      
,tutor to ! ,univ]sity ( ,durham ,)     
,diss]tations on ,italian ,cults1 ,my?s1
 ,taboos1 ,man- ,wor%ip1 ,aryan ,m>riage
 ,sympa!tic ,magic & ! ,eat+ ( ,beans   
----   ,,london4 ,,mdcccxcii4 ,,publi%$ 
,,by ,,david ,,nutt ,,9 ,,! ,,/r&       
,,preface4   ,on ! :ole1 ) ! prop]      
qualifications1 ,plut>*'s ,romane       
,que/ions may fairly be said to be !    
e>lie/ =mal treatise writt5 on ! subject
 ( folk-lore4 ,! problems :i* ,plut>*   
proposes = solution are ma9ly su* z !   
mod]n sci5ce ( folk-lore und]takes to   
solve2 & ?\gh ,plut>* 0 n ! fir/ to     
prop\nd !m1 he 0 ! fir/ to make a       
collection & selection ( !m & give !m a 
place ( _! own 9 lit]ature4 ,on ! o!r   

h&1 ?\gh ,plut>*'s que/ions are 9 ! _s (
 mod]n sci5tific inquiry1 8 answ]s--or r
 ! answ]s :i* he sets =?1 = !y are n    
always or usually 8 own--are conceiv$ 9 
a diff]5t /ra94 ,!y are all built on !  
assumption t ! cu/oms :i* !y are int5d$ 
to expla9 7 consci\sly & delib]ately    
in/itut$ by m5 :o possess$ at lea/ z mu*
 culture & wisdom z ,plut>* himself1 or 
! o!r philosoph]s :o busi$ !mselves )   
?is bran* ( antiquities4 ,?is           
assumption1 h[ev]1 t ! primitive        
,italians or ! pro-e?nic ,aryans %>$ !  
same 7errone\s7 sci5tific &             
philosophical views z ! savants (       
,plut>*'s day1 is an unv]ifi$ &         
improbable hypo!sis4 ,! ,aryans 7 9 !   
,/one ,age1 & _h advanc$ only to su*    
rudim5t>y agriculture z is possible = a 
nomad p4 ,if1 !re=e1 we are to expla9 _!
 cu/oms1 we mu/ keep )9 ! n>r[ circle   
:i* b\nds ! ?\ght & imag9ation ( o!r    
peoples 9 ! same /age ( developm5t4     
,plut>*1 h[ev]1 9 effect asks himself1  
,if ,i _h in/itut$ ^! cu/oms1 :at w\ld  

my motives h be58 & 9 reply to 8 own "q 
he %[s :at v le>n$ reasons might h mov$ 
him2 & also1 q unconsci\sly1 :at v      
amiable feel+s w\ld 9 reality h gov]n$  
him2 =1 if he ascribes to ! au?ors ( ^! 
cu/oms ! le>n+ ( all ! _m books :i* he  
_h read1 he also cr$its !m ) a k9dl9ess 
( "* :i* belong$ to himself alone4 ,?us1
 to g no fur!r ?an ! fir/ ( ! ,romane   
,que/ions1 viz41 ,:at is ! reason t     
new-w$d$ wives are bidd5 to t\* fire &  
wat]8 ,plut>* fir/ gives f\r high       
philosophical reasons1 :i* he may h     
borr[$1 b concludes ) "o :i* we may be  
sure is 8 own3 ,or la/ ( all is x       
because man & wife ought n to =sake &   
ab&on "o ano!r1 b to take "p ( all      
=tunes2 ?\gh !y _h no o!r good 9 ! _w   
common betwe5 !m1 b fire & wat] only8   
,t ?is1 l ! re/ ( ,plut>*'s reasons1 is 
fanciful1 may n be d5i$1 b w\ld n be    
wor? m5tion+1 7 x n t "h we h1 implicit1
 ! reason :y no mod]n translation c\ld  
ev] vie ) ,philemon ,holl&'s v]sion ( ! 
,romane ,que/ions4 ,x is n m]ely because

 ,philemon's antiquat$ ,engli% h>monises
 ) ,plut>*'s antiquat$ speculation1 & by
 t h>mony disposes ! read]'s m9d        
fav\rably t[>ds x2 b 9 ,philemon's day1 
,engl&1 l ! o!r c\ntries ( ,we/]n       
,europe1 0 discov]+ t all t is wor? kn[+
 is 9 ,greek4 ,! univ]sal respect felt =
 ,greek 9 ^? days1 ev5 by s*oolma/]s    
7,holl& 0 himself ,head-ma/] ( ,cov5try 
,free ,s*ool71 is /ill app>5t to ^? :o  
read ?is translation4 ,b ?+s are n[ s   
*ang$ t ! ,engli% language ( to-day _c  
provide a seemly g>b = ,plut>*'s anci5t 
reason+s4 ,to say 9 mod]n ,engli% t five
 is ! odd numb] mo/ connect$ ) m>riage1 
is to expose ! ,py?agorean doctr9e (    
numb]s to mod]n ridicule4 ,b :5         
,philemon says1 ,n[ among al odde numb]s
 x seeme? t ,c9que is mo/ nuptial1 ev5 !
 irrev]5t mod]n _c fail to feel t ,c9que
 0 an em95tly respectable "*1 ^: views 7
 /rictly hon\rable & a bright example to
 o!r odde numb]s4 ,aga91 ,philemon's    
ins]tion ( ! words x seeme? makes =     
rev]5ce4 ,! ins]tion is n apologetic2   

nor does x intimate t ! translator      
hesitates to subscribe to s /range a    
/atem5t4 ,r1 x summons ! read] to give  
clos] att5tion to ! words :i* are ab\t  
to foll[--words ( wisdom su* z is to be 
f\nd n[h]e else b only 9 ! f\nta9 ( all 
k1 ,greek4 ,ins]tions & amplifications  
are inde$ *>act]i/ic ( ,philemon z a    
translator4 ,b1 ?\gh 8 /yle is florid1 x
 is lucid2 8 amplifications make ! mean+
 cle>] to ! ,engli% read]1 &1 z a rule1 
only /ate explicitly :at is really      
impli$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,sometimes 7e4g41   
t[>ds ! end ( ,r4 ,q4 #f7 he does enl>ge
 on ! text beyond all measure2          
sometimes1 aga91 defective s*ol>%ip     
leads him to ascribe ?+s to ,plut>* :i* 
,plut>* nev] said 7e4g41 9 ,r4 ,q4 #e1  
does n mean ?is may seeme 9 "s sort to h
 be5e d]iv$ f ! ,greeks72 & sometimes he
 is mi/ak5 z to ! mean+ ( a ^w 7e4g41  9
 ,r4 ,q4 #e74 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! text  
is corrupt1 he sees & says :at ! mean+  
really is2 & ,he>ne's v]dict t ,holl& _h
 an admirable knack 9 translat+ books   

does n g beyond ! m>k4 ,inde$1 x does n 
d ju/ice to ,philemon1 = x h>dly prep>es
 u to le>n t1 9 ! infancy ( ! /udy (    
,greek 9 ,engl&1 ,philemon ?rew (f1     
among o!r trifles1 translations ( all ! 
,moralia ( ,plut>*1 ! :ole ( ,livy1 !   
enorm\s ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,pl9y1       
,suetonius1 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 !     
,cyropdia ( ,x5ophon1 & ,camd5's        
,britannia4 ,s\!y is m j to ! assidu\s  
lab\rs ( a life ( /udy c>ri$ to ! age ( 
eighty-five1 :5 he calls ,philemon ! be/
 ( ! ,holl&s4 ,b ! mo/ disc]n+ criticism
 ( ,holl&1 z translator g5]all 9 8 age  
7,full]71 is conta9$ 9 ,ow5's epigram on
 ,holl&'s translation ( ! ,natural      
,hi/ory1 t he 0 bo? pl5ior & planior ?an
 ,pl9ius4  ,to judge f ! ,romane        
,que/ions1 ,philemon mu/ h us$ z 8 text 
! edition ( #aefj-gj1 ,v5et41 = he      
evid5tly avails himself ( ,xyl&]'s      
em5dations ( ! ,ald9e editio pr9ceps1   
#aeji-ai4 ,"o _c1 h[ev]1 be q c]ta9 on  
?is po9t1 = ! title-page ( ,holl&'s     
translation ( ! ,moralia runs3 ,!       

,philosophie1 commonly call$ ! ,morals1 
writt5 by ! le>n$ philosoph] ,plut>* (  
,*a]onea1 translat$ out ( ,greek into   
,engli%1 & conf]r$ ) ,lat9 & ,fr5*4 ,n[ 
! ,lat9 translation mu/ h be5 ,xyl&]'s2 
& ! only edition ( ! text us$ by ,holl& 
may h be5 t ( ,h4 ,/eph5s1 ) :i*        
,xyl&]'s ,lat9 translation & notes 7    
publi%$4 ,! ,fr5* ) :i* ,philemon       
conf]r$ 0 ( c\rse t ( ,jacques ,amyot1  
:o _h already translat$ ,plut>*'s ,lives
 9 #aeei1 & foll[$ up t translation ) "o
 ( ! ,moralia 9 #aegd4 ,philemon's      
translation ( ! ,morals appe>$ 9 #afjc  
7revis$ & correct$ 9 #afeg74  ,! ,morals
 9 g5]al & ! ,romane ,que/ions 9        
p>ticul> h receiv$ little att5tion f    
comm5tators4 ,! only notes ,i h succe$$ 
9 gett+ hold (1 besides ^? ( ,xyl&] &   
,reiske 7complete edition ( ,plut>*1    
,lips41 #aggd-hb71 are "s by ,boxhorn 79
 ! fif? volume ( ! ,!saurus ( ,grvius1  
#afif71 :i* includes "o s5sible rem>k   
7quot$ p4 xxxii4 bel[71 & ^? by         
,wytt5ba* 7,ox=d1 #ahba71 :i*1 if ,i _h 

look$ at !m be=e in/ead ( aft] writ+ my 
,introduction1 w\ld h provid$ me ) a    
good _m classical ref]5ces t1 z x is1 ,i
 h _h to put toge!r myself4             
,,introduction4   ,i4 ,,! ,,subject ,,( 
,,! ,,romane ,,que/ions ,,& ,,( ,,?is   
,,introduction4  ,! fa%ions & cu/omes ( 
,rome1 :i* prompt$ ,plut>*'s que/ions1  
are directly or indirectly associat$ ) !
 wor%ip ( ! gods1 :ile ! solutions :i*  
he sugge/s conta9 occasionally my?s4 ,x 
is n1 h[ev]1 all ,roman gods1 cults1 &  
my?s t are discuss$ by ,plut>*3 he      
limits himself1 on ! :ole1 to ^? :i* are
 purely ,roman1 or r purely ,italian4   
,?is limitation is n accid5tal1 & x is  
significant4 ,x does n inde$ appe> t    
,plut>* design$ to conf9e himself ?us3 !
 fact seems r to be t1 long be=e 8 "t1 !
 ,romans _h borr[$ ! my?s1 ! ritual1 & !
 gods ( ,greece1 & t ,plut>*1 z a       
,greek1 f\nd no?+ /range or             
un9telligible 9 ! resemblances :i* !    
,roman ritual ( 8 day bore to ! religion
 ( 8 native l&4 ,x 0 ! po9ts ( diff]5ce 

:i* caught 8 att5tion4  ,& "h we mu/    
note a fur!r limitation ( ! subject ( ! 
,romane ,que/ions & ( ?is ,introduction4
 ,surprise & inquiry are excit$ n by !  
famili>1 b by ! unusual2 s ,plut>*'s    
att5tion 0 arre/$ n by cu/oms :i*1 ?\gh 
purely ,italian1 7 univ]sal 9 ,italy1   
e4g41 ! practice ( cov]+ ! head dur+    
wor%ip1 b by fa%ions = :i* he c\ld f9d  
no analogy or p>allel 9 ! /age (        
religion ) :i* alone he 0 acqua9t$4 ,9  
su* isolat$ cu/oms1 out ( h>mony ) _!   
surr\nd+s1 mod]n sci5ce sees survivals f
 an e>li] /age ( culture2 & x is z      
survivals t !y w be treat$ 9 ?is        
,introduction4 ,n[1 ! /age ( religion ) 
:i* ,plut>* 0 famili>1 & 9 :i* he c\ld  
f9d no analogies = ^? fa%ions & cu/omes1
 0 poly!ism2 & if ^? practices are      
survivals1 !y mu/ be survivals f a /age 
( religion e>li] ?an poly!ism4  ,"h1    
h[ev]1 a difficulty meets u4 ,if ! tea*+
 ( ! ,sol> ,my?ologi/s be true1 !       
,aryans1 hav+ a my?ology1 7 already     
poly!i/s3 mu* m1 !re=e1 mu/ ! ,italians 

h be5 poly!i/s f ! beg9n+4 ,i am sorry  
to say t ,i _c meet ?is difficulty3 ,i c
 only frankly w>n ! read] t x exi/s4 ,b 
9 an ,introduction :i* pr(esses to      
conf9e itself to my?s & cults :i* are   
purely ,italian1 x is impossible to     
discuss ,sol> ,my?ology1 = ! simple     
reason t !re is no su* ?+ 9 exi/5ce z an
 ,italian sol> my?1 or inde$ ,nature-my?
 ( any k9d4 ,! only /ory :i* is s]i\sly 
claim$ z a ,nature-my? is t ( ,h]cules &
 ,cacus4 ,cacus1 a mon/] or giant1 /ole 
"s c[s f ,h]cules1 & hid !m 9 8 cave4   
,h]cules discov]$ !m1 accord+ to "s     
acc\nts1 by ! aid ( ,caca1 ! si/] (     
,cacus1 accord+ to o!r acc\nts1 by ! l[+
 :i* ! c[s 9 ! cave set up :5 ,h]cules  
w5t by ) ! re/ ( 8 ox54 ,h]cules =c$ 8  
way into ! cave1 &1 9 spite ( ! fire &  
flames :i* ,cacus spat at him1 kill$ !  
mon/] ) 8 club4 ,!n ,h]cules1 9         
commemoration ( ! discov]y ( 8 cattle1  
erect$ an alt> to ,jupit] ! ,discov]]   
7,jupit] ,inv5tor74 ,n[ a simil> /ory1 x
 w\ld appe>1 is to be f\nd 9 ! ,v$as4   

,vritra1 a ?ree-head$ snake1 /eals c[s f
 ,indra1 :o discov]s !m 9 a cave by _!  
l[+1 & kills ,vritra ) a club4 ,& !     
,vaidic /ory mu/ be a ,nature-my?1      
because ! ,v$as expressly expla9 t ! c[s
 are cl\ds1 ! l[+ is ?und]1 ! club is ! 
lightn+1 & ,indra1 on ?is occasion1 !   
blue sky4 ,b :y is ! int]pretation giv5 
by ! ,vaidic philosoph]s to be accept$  
)\t exam9ation1 :5 we reject ! tea*+ ( !
 ,/oics1 :o int]pret$ ,rhea z matt]1 &  
,zeus1 ,posidon1 & ,hades z fire1 wat]1 
& air respectively1 9 accordance ) !    
,/oic philosophy ( ! univ]se8 ,i submit 
x z a possibility1 wor? consid]ation at 
lea/1 t we h "h an ord9>y folk-tale3 !  
trick ( us+ ! bulls to make ! c[s reveal
 _! hid+-place is l ! trick 9 !         
folk-tale ab\t ! groom ( ,d>ius :o caus$
 8 ma/]'s horse to neigh & s secur$ !   
,p]sian empire to ,d>ius4 ,! /ory may h 
be5 told ( "s clev] fell[ 7n necess>ily 
or probably ( a god7 9 pro-e?nic ,aryan 
times1 or x may h be5 hit on by ,h9doo &
 ,italian /ory-tell]s indep5d5tly4 ,once

 inv5t$1 h[ev]1 x 0 us$ by ea* ( ^! two 
peoples 9 a *>act]i/ic mann]4 ,! le>n$  
,roman1 ^: object 0 to expla9 ! orig9 ( 
! cu/oms1 cults1 in/itutions1 c41 (     
,rome1 seiz$ on x z ! obvi\s explanation
 ( two facts :i* requir$ explanation1   
viz41 fir/1 h[ ! alt> to ,jupit]        
,inv5tor came into exi/5ce2 & second1 :y
 ! (f]+ made 9 gratitude = ! recov]y (  
lo/ prop]ty1 0 an ox4 ,! le>n$ ,h9doo1  
on ! o!r h&1 _h ! satisfaction ( %[+ t  
ev5 ! /ories ) :i* 7alone or *iefly7 !  
common p 7 acqua9t$ bore unsuspect$     
witness to ! tru? ( ! religion he       
taught4 ,b to return to our             
int]pretation ( ! fa%ions & cu/omes (   
,rome z survivals ( a /age ( religion   
e>li] ?an poly!ism4  ,a second          
difficulty rema9s4 ,di/+ui%$ writ]s on !
 philosophy ( religion hold t poly!ism  
is n develop$ out ( feti*ism or animism1
 b is primitive & und]iv$ f any e>li]   
/age4 ,! survivals1 !n1 :i* ,plut>*     
records1 c\ld n po9t to ! exi/5ce ( an  
e>li] /age4 ,"h1 aga91 x is n = me to   

h&le su* high !mes z ! philosophy (     
religion4 ,i am b\nd d[n to ! humbl]    
task ( not+ ! simple fact t1 until      
borr[$ f ,hellas1 poly!ism 0 unkn[n 9   
,italy4  ,?is is a v b>e /atem5t--s nak$
 z almo/ to am\nt to a lit]>y           
impropriety4 ,i mu/1 !re=e1 take ?ree   
sections to clo! x4   ,,ii4 ,,italian   
,,gods4  ,t "s ( ! great gods ( ,rome 7 
b ,greek gods borr[$ is univ]sally      
admitt$ 7see e4g4 ,momms5's ,hi/ory (   
,rome1 i4 #ahf ff41 or ,ihne1 i4 #aai74 
,ev5 s /rong a support] ( ! !ory ( a    
,grco-,italian p]iod z ,ros*] admits    
unres]v$ly t ! my?ology1 wor%ip1 & ! v  
"n ( ,apollo 7 borr[$ 9 e>ly b /ill     
hi/oric times 7,lexikon1 i4 #ddf74 ,:51 
!n1 we f9d ,plut>* putt+ ! "q :y !      
temples ( sculapius & ,vulcan 7 built   
outside ,rome 7,romane ,que/ions1 #id & 
#dg71 we at once surmise t ^! 7 import$ 
gods1 ^: wor%ip 0 inde$ sanction$ &     
orda9$ by ! ,roman ,/ate b 0 n admitt$  
)9 ! sacr$ circle ( ! pomrium1 res]v$ = 
! temples ( indig5\s ,roman gods4 ,9 !  

case ( sculapius we h hi/orical pro( t 8
 0 an import$ wor%ip2 9 consequ5ce ( a  
pe/il5ce 9 ,rome 9 ,b4,c4 #bic ! god 0  
fet*$ f ,epidaurus1 & ! temple 9 "q 0   
erect$ two ye>s aft]w>ds4#a ,we d n     
happ5 to h any simil> hi/orical record (
 ! introduction ( ,vulcan's wor%ip1 b ! 
"n ( ! god1 be x ,cretan or ,etruscan1  
is =eign4#b  ,hav+ elim9at$ ^! & o!r    
loan-gods1 we f9d t ! g5u9e ,italian    
deities :i* rema9 fall into two classes4
 ,! "o class consi/s ( su* ab/ractions z
 ,=culus1 ! _s ( doors2 ,c>dea1 t (     
h+es2 ,lim5t9us1 t ( ! ?re%old1 c41 :i* 
c sc>cely be dignifi$ by ! "n ( gods1 b 
are r spirits1 & amply w>rant ,*antepie 
de la ,saussaye's rem>k t ,roman        
religion 0 /ill /eep$ 9 animism4#c ,!   
o!r class includes su* gods z ,janus1   
,jupit]1 ,m>s1 ,diana1 ,v5us1 ,h]cules1 
c4 ,x is necess>y to note1 h[ev]1 t !   
wor%ip ev5 ( ^! gods c be prov$ to h be5
 consid]ably ,hell5is$ 9 hi/oric        
times3#d "s ( _! ritual & all _!        
my?ology 0 borr[$ f ,greece1 z we %all  

subsequ5tly see4 ,& :5 ! loan-my?s &    
loan-cults h be5 remov$1 ! g5u9e        
,italian gods /& =? ess5tially &        
fundam5tally diff]5t f ^? ( ,greece4#e  
,"h1 too1 we may note t if comp>ative   
my?ologi/s adh]e to _! pr9ciple ( n     
id5tify+ ! gods ( diff]5t nations1      
unless _! names c be %[n by comp>ative  
philology to be id5tical1 !y mu/ admit t
 ,m>s & ,ares1 ,v5us & ,aphrodite1      
,diana & ,artemis1 ,juno & ,h]a1 & all !
 o!r pairs ( deities :i* ! anci5ts      
id5tifi$1 are1 ) ! sole exception (     
,jupit] & ,zeus & ( ,ve/a & ,he/ia1 n ( 
cognate b ( div]se orig94 ,9 f9e1 !     
diff]5ces betwe5 ,greek & ,italian gods 
are fundam5tal & orig9al3 ! resemblances
 c be %[n to be due to borr[+ 9 hi/oric 
times4  ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! great    
,roman gods :o 0 nev] id5tifi$ ) any    
,hell5ic deity1 ,janus4 ,n[1 al?\gh     
,janus ranks ) ,jupit] & ,m>s 9 ! ,roman
 sy/em z an indubitable god1 yet 9 orig9
 & function he is n to be di/+ui%$ f ^? 
inf]ior1 animi/ic p[]s to :om ! title ( 

_s is ! highe/ t c be assign$4 ,janus is
 ! _s t resides 9 or presides ov]       
door-op5+s 7ianus1 ianua71 j z ,=culus  
has to d ) doors 7=es71 ,lim5t9us ) !   
?re%old 7lim571 & ,c>dea ) ! h+es       
7c>do74 ,he is also ! _s ( op5+1#f :o 0 
to be invok$ at ! comm5cem5t ( e act4   
,plut>*'s que/ions :y he %\ld be        
repres5t$ ) two heads1 & :y ! ye> %\ld  
beg9 ) ! mon? nam$ aft] him1 ,janu>y    
7,r4 ,q41 #bb & #ai71 are ?us at once   
expla9$3 ,! d\ble-head look+ bo? ways 0 
connect$ ) ! gate t op5$ bo? ways2 & 9  
,janu>y1 aft] ! re/ ( ! middle ( w9t]1 !
 cycle ( ! lab\rs ( ! field began       
afre%4#g  ,t ! door or ! ?re%old is !   
seat ( a tutel>y _s or g5ius is a belief
 famili> en\gh 9 folk-lore3 ! door mu/ n
 be bang$1#h nor wood *opp$ on !        
?re%old1#i = fe> ( di/urb+ him4 ,he is  
apt to disappe>1 tak+ ! luck ( ! h\se ) 
him1 if a cat is malici\sly buri$ "u !  
door-sill1#aj or if human hair is s     
buri$4#aa ,! importance ( ! door z a    
possible entrance = evil spirits1 or    

exit = lucky ones1 is manife/ 9 _m      
cu/oms1 e4g41 nail+ a horse-%oe on !    
door or /ick+ a knife into ! door1 & 9  
su* beliefs z t :5 a door op5s          
7app>5tly7 ( itself1 a _s is ent]+4     
,:e!r ! ,italian _s ( ! doorway1 :o 9   
orig9 is indi/+ui%able f ! simil> ?\gh  
nameless spirits to be f\nd else:]e1 0  
capable by 8 own unaid$ ef=ts ( rais+   
himself to ! rank ( a god1 is matt] =   
speculation4 ,:at is cle> is t he _h n !
 *ance3 ! introduction ( ,greek poly!ism
 into ,italy promot$ him )\t ex]tion on 
8 "p4  ,z1 ?us f>1 ,i h assum$ a        
di/9ction betwe5 gods & spirits1 & h    
also assum$ t a belief 9 ! latt] may    
exi/ )\t poly!ism & prec$e x1 x w be    
well "h to /ate explicitly ! di/9ction4 
,& t ,i may n be suspect$ ( draw+ !     
di/9ction s z to suit my own ends1 ,i   
%all "h borr[ f a /&>d "w1 ,*antepie de 
la ,saussaye's ,religionsges*i*te 7i4   
#ij74 ,de la ,saussaye notes five       
*>act]i/ics involv$ 9 ! conception (    
gods4 ,fir/1 !y are relat$ to "o ano!r z

 memb]s ( a family or community1 & z    
subject to "o god1 :o is ei!r "l ( all1 
or at any rate primus int] p>es4        
,second1 ) ! gr[? ( art1 !y are         
repres5t$ pla/ically & are made 9 !     
image ( man4 ,?ird1 z e?ics advance1    
moral b5efits are associat$ ) _! wor%ip4
 ,h5ce1 9 ! f\r? place1 ! gods are      
conceiv$ z p]sonal1 individual be+s1    
ideally good & beautiful4 ,f9ally1 !    
human intellect dem&s t ! relations ( ! 
gods to "o ano!r & to ,nature %\ld be   
co-ord9at$ into a sy/em1 & s !ogonies & 
cosmogonies are inv5t$4  ,n[1 if ^! be !
 m>ks :]eby gods are di/+ui%$ f spirits1
 ,i submit t1 be=e ! introduction (     
,greek gods & cults1 ! ,romans _h n     
advanc$ z f> z poly!ism1 b 7 /ill 9 !   
purely animi/ic /age4 ,"h aga91 to avoid
 ! temptation ( int]pret+ ! evid5ce     
unduly 9 fav\r ( ! conclusion to :i* x  
seems to me to po9t1 ,i w conf9e myself 
to quotations4 ,ihne 7,hi/4 ( ,rome1 i4 
#aah7 says t to ! ,romans1 be=e ! p]iod 
( ,hell5ic influ5ce1 ! gods 7 only      

my/]i\s spiritual be+s1 )\t human =ms1  
)\t human feel+s & impulses1 )\t human  
virtues or weaknesses4444 ,?\gh ! div9e 
be+s 7 conceiv$ z male or female1 !y did
 n jo9 9 m>riage or beget *ildr54444 ,no
 g5u9e ,roman leg5d tells ( any race (  
nobles sprung f gods4 ,aga91 ,! orig9al 
,roman wor%ip _h no images ( ! gods or  
h\ses set ap>t = !m 7,momms51 i4 #ahc74 
,a simple spe>1 ev5 a r\gh /one1 suffic$
 z a symbol 7,ihne1 #aai74 ,roman       
religion _h no?+ to d ) morality3 x 0   
design$ = use 9 practical life 7,ibid4  
#abj74 ,! religion ( ,rome _h no?+ ( its
 own peculi> gr[? ev5 remotely p>allel  
to ! religion ( ,apollo inve/+ e>?ly    
morality ) its halo ( glory 7,momms51   
#agb74 ,momms5's obs]vation t !         
h]o-wor%ip ( ! ,greeks 0 :olly =eign to 
! ,romans 7#agd7 is expla9$ by ! fact t 
a h]o is a be+ ( human orig9 rais$ by   
good de$s to ! rank ( a god1 & ! ,romans
 _h no gods4 ,my?s ab\t ! love-adv5tures
 ( ! gods & !ogonies 7 unkn[n to e>ly   
,rome4#ab ,an ,italian cosmogony has n  

yet be5 discov]$1 & ev5 ! wide-spread   
belief 9 ! union ( ,fa!r ,sky & ,"m ,e>?
 _h n be5 evolv$ 9 ,italy4  ,9 f9e !    
be+s :i* ! ,romans wor%ipp$ 7 r num9a   
?an p]sonal gods4#ac ,ev5 ! spirits :om 
we c trace back "u def9ite names to !   
purely ,italian p]iod1 su* z ,jupit]1   
,juno1 ,ve/a1 ,m>s1 are n individual1   
p]sonal be+s4 ,ea* ( ^! names is ! "n ( 
a class ( spirits4 ,ea* community (     
c\rse _h its own ,m>s1 & deem$ him to be
 ! /ronge/ & holie/ ( all 7,momms51 i4  
#age74 ,ea* h\sehold _h its own ,ve/a4  
,!re 7 _m ,jupit]s1 _m ,junos4 ,9       
,engl&1 9 ! same way1 ! "n ( ,puck1 :o  
is a def9ite individual p]sonality 9 "o 
/age ( our fairy my?ology1 0 orig9ally a
 class-"n ( ! spirits :om1 z ,burton    
says 9 8 ,anatomy1 we commonly call     
p\kes4  ,i w conclude ?is section )     
quotations f two di/+ui%$ au?orities on 
,my?ology1 :o w\ld bo? diss5t f ! views 
:i* h be5 advanc$ above1 b ^: words seem
 to me to be> un9t5tional te/imony 9    
fav\r ( ^? views4 ,e4 ,h4 ,mey]1 9 8    

,indog]manis*e ,my!n 7ii4 #fab71 says1  
,roman religion seldom displays m ?an ! 
elem5t>y rudim5ts1 or r let u say ! la/ 
remnants ( my?ology1 & :]eas ! cult ( ! 
great] gods is kn[n to u 9 a =m greatly 
affect$ by ,hell5ism1 444 ! local gods  
usually sc>cely rise above ! rank (     
spirits 7si* mei/5s kaum b] daemonis*5  
,rang erheb574 ,prell]1 9 8 ,rmis*e     
,my?ologie 7i4 #dh71 says1 ,! ,romans'  
belief 9 gods w\ld be t]m$ m rightly    
p&monism ?an poly!ism4444 ,"o is        
involunt>ily rem9d$ ( ^? ,pelasgians (  
,dodona :o1 accord+ to ,h]odotus1       
assign$ nei!r names nor epi!ts to _!    
gods4444 ,inde$1 mo/ ( ! names ( ! olde/
 ,roman gods h su* a %ift+1 indef9ite   
mean+1 t !y c sc>cely be reg>d$ z prop] 
names1 z ! names ( p]sons4   ,,iii4     
,,italian ,,cults4  ,! ,italians borr[$ 
cults z well z gods f ,greece1 b ^!     
ext]nal additions ga!r$ r\nd ! k]nel ( !
 ,roman religion )\t affect+ or trans=m+
 its inmo/ core 7,ihne1 i4 #aai74 ,!    
di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! religion ( ,rome

 is t x 0 design$ = use 9 practical life
 7,ibid4 #abj71 ,! god ( ! ,italian 0   
above all ?+s an in/rum5t = help+ him to
 ! atta9m5t ( v solid e>?ly objects     
7,momms51 i4 #aha74 ,9 fact1 ! ,italian 
god 0 a feti*1 i4e41 a magical implem5t2
 & 9 ?is s5se ( ! ^w x is true t !      
,romans saw ev]y:]e & 9 all ?+s ! ag5cy 
& ! direction ( ! gods 7,ihne1 i4 #aah74
 ,e act ( life 0 entangl$ 9 a complicat$
 network ( ritual4#ad ,e "p ( ! h\se1 ! 
door1 doorway1 ?re%old1 h+es1 e process 
( f>m+1 s[+1 manur+1 c41 e act ( life f 
bir? to burial1 _h its own p>ticul> _s2 
& ! object ( ! ,roman ) ref]5ce to ea*  
p>ticul> _s 0 to manage1 & ev5 9 case ( 
ne$ to ov]-rea* or to con/ra9 him       
7,momms51 i4 #agg74 ,prell] 9 8 ,rmis*e 
,my?ologie *>act]ises ! religion ( ,rome
 z1 above all ?+s1 a cultus-religion4   
,we may add t 9 ,rome1 z 9 ,*9a1        
,assyria1 & ,babylonia1 ! cult 0 no?+ b 
organis$ magic1#ae ! sup]/iti\s cu/oms1 
*>ms1 & incantations famili> to !       
folk-lori/ 9 all c\ntries 7 organis$ by 

! practical ,roman & 7 /ate-e/abli%$ by 
him4 ,9 f9e1 ! ,romans 9 _! gods        
wor%ipp$ ! ab/ract natural =ces1 to ^:  
p[] man is consci\s t he is subject e   
in/ant1 b :i* he c w9 ov] & r5d]        
subs]vi5t to 8 purposes by scrupul\sly  
obey+ ! ext]nal injunctions :i* ! ,/ate 
issues = ! wor%ip ( ! gods4#af  ,a      
fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,greek &   
,roman religions manife/s itself 9 !    
matt] ( magic4 ,magic 0 =eign to !      
,greeks1 & 0 dislik$ by !m3 :5 x appe>s 
9 _! my?ology1 x is practis$ by         
=eign]s--e4g41 ,m$ea1 ,circe1 ,hecate--&
 is b>b>\s4 ,9 fact1 magic belongs to ! 
animi/ic /age1 & is oppos$ to ! high]   
t5d5cies ( poly!ism4 ,! =ces ( ,nature1 
conceiv$ z num9a r ?an z moral ideals1  
may well be influ5c$ by magic to !      
advantage ( ! savage2 b to control a    
deity by means o!r ?an pray] & good life
 is anti!i/ic4  ,f9ally1 x is n         
accid5tal or unmean+ t1 on ! "o h&1 !   
,greeks _h oracles :ile ! ,italians _h  
none2 & on ! o!r h&1 t 9 ,*9a & ,babylon

 7:i* resemble ,rome 9 o!r p]t95t po9ts7
 div9ation play$ z l>ge & z (ficial a "p
 z at ,rome4 ,an oracle is ! voice ( a  
god2 :]eas div9ation is simply sympa!tic
 magic inv]t$4#ag   ,,iv4 ,,italian     
,,my?s4  ,9 sect4 #a x has be5 said t ! 
,italians _h no ,nature-my?s4 ,! reason 
:y !y _h none %\ld n[ be cle>3 !        
,italians _h no ,nature-gods4 ,! sky-_s1
 ,jupit]1 0 und\bt$ly di/+ui%$ f ! vault
 ( heav5 by ! primitive ,italians1 b he 
0 n g5]ically diff]5t f ! spirits (     
vegetation1 ( s[+1 ( manur+1 c41 & he   
seems to h be5 ev5 ( inf]ior dignity to 
! _s ( doorways4#ah ,! e>?1 on ! o!r h&1
 does n seem to h be5 conceiv$ ( z a _s 
ev51 mu* less z a goddess2 b1 if        
wor%ipp$ at all1 0 wor%ipp$ z a         
feti*4#ai ,h5ce1 ! abs5ce f ,italy ( any
 trace ( ! my? ( ! orig9 ( all liv+     
creatures f a union betwe5 ! e>? & !    
sky4  ,inde$1 if by a my? we mean a tale
 told ab\t gods or h]oes1 !re are no    
,italian my?s4#bj ,my?s atta*$ to ,greek
 loan-gods 7 borr[$ ) ! gods f ,greece4 

,my?s 9 :i* ,italian gods figure 7      
borr[$ or inv5t$ :5 ! ,italian gods 7   
id5tifi$ ) ,greek gods4 ,?us ! ,gold5   
,age my?1 = in/ance1 c be ref]r$ to ! "t
 7,a4,u4,c4 #beg7 :5 ,saturnus 0        
id5tifi$ ) ,kronos4#ba ,& ( c\rse1 all !
 my?s 9 :i* neas appe>s1 & ! :ole       
my?ical connection betwe5 ,rome &       
,greece or ,troy1 are late4#bb ,ev&]1#bc
 aga91 :o figures 9 v>i\s passages ( !  
,romane ,que/ions1 owes 8 exi/5ce :olly 
& solely to ! attempt to connect ,rome )
 ,greece4  ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 "u ! head (
 my? we include ! popul> explanation (  
obs]v$ facts1 !n e>ly ,roman hi/ory1 z  
,ihne says 7i4 #ag71 is really no?+ m   
?an a /r+ ( tales1 9 :i* an attempt is  
made to expla9 old names1 religi\s      
c]emonies & monum5ts1 political         
in/itutions & antiquities1 & to acc\nt =
 _! orig94 ,"s examples ( ?is may be    
drawn f ! ,romane ,que/ions4 ,m>riage by
 capture has left traces beh9d x 9 !    
w$d+ cu/oms ( _m c\ntries1 & ! mean+ (  
^! survivals is usually :olly =gott54 ,b

 ! hi/oric consci\sness ( ! ,romans 0 s 
f> alive to ! actual facts ( ! case t ! 
mock capture 0 expla9$ z ! commemoration
 ( an actual hi/orical rape--! ,rape ( !
 ,sab9es4 ,?us 7 expla9$ ! lift+ ( !    
bride ov] ! ?re%old 7,q4 ,r4 #ai71 ! use
 ( a javel9 po9t to divide ! bride's    
hair 7,ibid4 #hg71 ! hym5eal cry        
,talassio 7,ibid4 #ca71 & ! fact t maids
 might n 7?\gh wid[s might7 m>ry on     
fe/ival days 7,ibid4 #aje74 ,! fir/ ( ^!
 cu/oms is probably a survival f m>riage
 by capture1 & ! la/ is indirectly      
connect$ ) x4 ,9 ,rome1#bd z 9 _m o!r   
places1#be ! lam5tations ( ! bride :o 0 
actually captur$ surviv$ 9 ! =mal1      
extravagant lam5tations ( ! bride :o1 9 
quiet] times1 0 m peacefully won2 & ^!  
cries w\ld h be5 ( bad om5 on a day     
d$icat$ to ! wor%ip ( ! gods4           
,lam5tation seems n to h be5 requir$ (  
wid[s4 ,! use ( an iron javel9 po9t is  
probably due to ! dang]s :i*1 9 ! op9ion
 ( primitive man1 att5d on ^? ab\t to   
m>ry1 & require to be av]t$ by ! use (  

iron1#bf f ! head#bg especially4 ,!     
orig9 ( ! cry ,talassio is beyond       
recov]y4#bh  ,b ?\gh ! *ief bran* (     
,italian folk-tales consi/$ ( popul>    
explanations ( obs]v$ facts1 we c detect
 traces ( ^? o!r folk-tales :i* f !     
beg9n+ mu/ h be5 design$ simply & solely
 to gratify man's inh]5t desire = tales 
( adv5ture & ! m>vell\s4 ,"h x mu/      
suffice to po9t to two ( ! ,romane      
,que/ions4 ,9 ! f\r? "q we h a tale told
 ( successful trick]y on ! "p ( ,s]vius 
,tullius1 :i* may well h =m$ "p ( "s    
/ory ( a ,ma/] ,?ief2 & 9 ,romane       
,que/ions #cf1 ! nightly visits ( ,=tuna
 ?r\gh ! w9d[ to h] lov]1 ,s]vius       
,tullius1 at once rem9d u ( ! s\l-maid5s
 & swan-maid5s1 :o visit1 & ev5tually   
des]t1 _! human lov] ?r\gh ! w9d[ or !  
keyhole#bi--! or?odox means ( entrance &
 exit = spirits f ! "t ( ,hom] at lea/4 
,,iv4 ,,! ,,s\l4  ,! cu/oms & beliefs1 !
 sup]/iti\s practices & sup]natural     
be+s1 ( mod]n ,european folk-lore are   
sometimes expla9$ z ! wrecks & remnants 

( ! ,pagan poly!ism :i* prec$$          
,*ri/ianity4 ,& if ! ,aryan peoples 7 f 
! v beg9n+ poly!i/s2 if ! ,hell5es & !  
,h9doos1 ! ,teutons & ! ,sc&9avians1    
br\ght _! my?s & _! cults ) !m f !      
orig9al ,aryan home1 !n ?is explanation 
seems m reasonable ?an t :i* proce$s on 
a m]e conjecture1 a pure assumption t ! 
,aryan religion 0 animi/ic ere x 0      
poly!i/ic2 = !n we are oblig$ to        
relegate ,aryan animism almo/ to ! on ( 
*aos & et]nal night1--at any rate1 to an
 abysm ( "t :i* is su* t nei!r l+ui/ic  
palontology nor any o!r sci5ce has d>$  
to v5ture d[n   ,! d>k desc5t & up to   
reasc5d4  ,b if ! proposition submitt$ 9
 ! previ\s sections be s\nd1 if 9 e>ly b
 /ill hi/oric times ,italian religion 0 
/ill 9 a /age ant]ior to poly!ism1 !n   
,aryan animism is no long] a m]e        
assumption1 & ne$ no long] be ?ru/ back 
into pro-e?nic times4 ,e>ly ,italian    
cu/oms & beliefs w n be ! dbris ( a     
previ\s poly!ism1 & x w !re=e be        
unreasonable to expla9 _! c\nt]p>ts 9   

mod]n folk-lore z mutilat$ my?s or z !  
cult ( gods degrad$ b wor%ipp$ /ill4    
,plut>*1 9 ! fif? ( 8 ,romane ,que/ions 
7p4 #h bel[71 prop\nds an int]e/+       
problem3 ,:y are !y :o h be5e falsly    
report$ dead 9 a /range c\ntrey1 al?\gh 
!y returne home alive1 n receiv$ nor    
suffr$ to ent] directly at ! dores1 b   
=c$ to climbe up to ! tiles ( ! h\se1 & 
s to get d[n f ! r\fe into ! h\se8 ,?is 
rem>kable cu/om cont9u$ to be practis$  
long aft] its orig9 & object _h be5     
=gott52 = ,plut>* relates a tale :i* is 
obvi\sly a popul> explanation1 inv5t$ to
 acc\nt = a practice ! rationale ( :i*  
_h become un9telligible4#cj ,h>d1 h[ev]1
 z ,plut>*'s "q appe>s at fir/ sight1 x 
may by ! aid ( mod]n folk-lore & savage 
cu/om be expla9$4 ,we h to note1 9 !    
fir/ place1 t ! mode ( entry prescrib$ =
 ! return$ travell] is n spontane\sly   
adopt$ by him2 & presumably1 !re=e1 is n
 prescrib$ 9 8 int]e/3 x is en=c$ by 8  
relatives1 & probably = _! own          
protection4 ,9 ! next place1 ?\gh !     

travell] himself kn[s1 ( c\rse1 t he has
 n return$ f t b\rne f :i* no travell]  
returns1 8 relatives h no su* assurance3
 x may be1 inde$1 t he did n die :il/   
away1 z !y 7 in=m$ or l$ to believe2 b1 
on ! o!r h&1 he may be ! gho/ ( _! de>  
fri5d dead1 seek+ to obta9 an entrance  
into 8 old home4 ,! reasonable c\rse =  
!m to pursue1 !re=e1 is to treat him z  
?\gh he 7 a gho/3 if he is no gho/1 x w 
d him no h>m2 if he is1 !y w h protect$ 
!mselves4  ,?us f> our explanation is   
hypo!tical3 to v]ify ! hypo!sis x is    
necess>y to %[ t ! dead are or 7 z a    
matt] ( fact treat$ z ! ,roman cu/om    
prescribes t ! soi disant liv+ man %all 
be treat$4 ,t ! spirits ( ! dead are    
consid]$ unwelcome visitors bo? 9 mod]n 
folk-lore & by savage man1 has be5      
insi/$ on mo/ rec5tly by ,mr4 ,g4 ,l4   
,gomme4#ca ,i w1 !re=e1 only add "o or  
two in/ances ( ! precautions tak5 to    
prev5t ! return ( ! deceas$ to 8        
home4#cb ,! fir/ ?+ is to get ! s\l out 
( ! h\se2 ?is may be effect$ by sweep+  

out ! h\se & by flapp+ du/]s ab\t1 c>e  
be+ tak5 to %ake & turn upside d[n all  
vessels1 meal-boxes1 c41 9 :i* ! s\l    
might take refuge4 ,!n ! c(f9 mu/ be    
c>ri$ foot =emo/ ?r\gh ! door2 = if !   
corpse's face be turn$ to ! h\se1 ! gho/
 c return4 ,9 ,siam !y run ! corpse ?ree
 times r\nd ! h\se1 app>5tly on ! same  
pr9ciple z1 9 ! game ( bl9d-man's buff1 
! bl9d-man is spun r\nd 9 ord] to make  
him lose 8 be>+s4 ,9 ,bohemia !y turn ! 
c(f9 ab\t cross-wise1 outside !         
h\se-door1 to prev5t ! dead man f com+  
back4  ,m p]t95t = our pres5t purpose   
are ! precautions tak5 to prev5t ! dead 
f obta9+ access to ! h\se ?r\gh ! door4 
,! safe/ c\rse is to c>ry ! corpse out1 
n ?r\gh ! door1 = t gives ! dead man !  
"r ( way :i* x is s\ght to b>1 b ?r\gh  
"s op5+ :i* is specially made = !       
purpose & c be p]man5tly clos$4 ,?us !  
,hott5tots make a brea* ?r\gh ! wall = !
 purpose4 ,! anci5t ,norsem5 did !      
same4#cc ,! ,teutons1 9 pre-,*ri/ian    
times1 dug a hole "u ! ?re%old & pull$ !

 corpse ?r\gh ) a rope4 ,9 ,*ri/ian     
times !y only treat$ ! bodies ( crim9als
 & suicides 9 ?is way1 ?\gh 9 ! ?irte5? 
c5tury ,bro!r ,b]?hold ( ,reg5sburg     
recomm5d$ x 9 ! case ( h]etics & usur]s4
  ,:5 circum/ances make x difficult or  
impossible to con/ruct a special exit ( 
?is k9d = ! corpse1 !n "s o!r means is  
f\nd to avoid c>ry+ ! corpse ?r\gh !    
door4 ,! ,eskimo take ! body ?r\gh a    
w9d[2 & a w9d[ 0 9 #aheh us$ 9 ,sonneb]g
 9 ! case ( a hang$ man2 :ile ev5 n[ 9  
,ea/ ,prussia1 if sev]al *ildr5 h di$ "o
 aft] ano!r1 ! corpse ( ! next to die is
 convey$ ?r\gh ! w9d[4  ,ev5tually x    
comes to be consid]$ suffici5t if a     
special means ( egress is provid$1 n = !
 corpse1 :i* is n likely to walk1 b = ! 
_s1 :i* may want to return4 ,?us 9 ,*9a1
 at ! mom5t ( dea?1 a small hole is made
 ?r\gh ! ro(2 :ile ! cu/om ( op5+ !     
w9d[1 to all[ ! s\l ( ! dy+ man to      
dep>t1 is univ]sal 9 ,g]many & n unkn[n 
9 ,engl&4  ,f9ally1 all t is consid]$   
necess>y to b> ! "r ( way to ! dead     

man's _s is to close ! h\se-door        
imm$iately aft] ! dep>ture ( ! corpse1 &
 keep x clos$ until ! return ( ! fun]al 
p>ty4  ,if ! explanation :i* has n[ be5 
giv5 ( ,plut>*'s fif? "q be correct1 we 
mu/ ascribe to ! e>ly ,italians beliefs 
& cu/oms simil> to or id5tical ) ^?     
quot$ above f mod]n folk-lore2 & x w n  
be illegitimate to seek fur!r p>allels  
to ,italian religion f ! same s\rce4    
,?us1 9 ,romane ,que/ions1 #ea1 ,plut>* 
inquires :y ! ,l>es ,pr/ites are        
repres5t$ z clad 9 dog-sk9s & z hav+ a  
dog by _! side4#cd ,n[1 x is univ]sally 
admitt$ t ! ,l> ,famili>is ( ! ,romans  
is ! same z ! h\se-_s ( ! ,teutons1 & t 
bo? are ! spirits ( a deceas$ ance/or1 !
 f\nd] ( ! family & its _s gu>dian4 ,9 !
 abs5ce ( any presumption to ! contr>y1 
we may conclude t ! ,l>es ,pr/ites 7    
also spirits ( deceas$ ance/ors4 ,! dog 
:i* accompanies ! ,l>es 0 expla9$ by !  
anci5ts z a symbolic repres5tation ( !  
fidelity & wat*-dog functions ( !       
,l>es4#ce ,s1 too1 ! prie/s ( anci5t    

,egypt said t ! animal =ms 9 :i* _! gods
 7 repres5t$ 7 m]ely symbolical4#cf ,b x
 may safely be laid d[n z a law 9 !     
evolution ( religion t bea/-wor%ip is   
primitive1 & t ! !ory ( symbolism is b a
 via m$ia :]eby m elevat$ conceptions ( 
deity are reconcil$ ) ! old] & m savage 
wor%ip4 ,analogy1 !n1 is all 9 fav\r ( !
 supposition t ! ,l>es ,pr/ites 7       
orig9ally conceiv$ n 9 human %ape1 b 9 !
 =m ( dogs4 ,:at we require to confirm !
 analogy is evid5ce t ! dead--if        
possible1 evid5ce t gu>dian             
spirits--sometimes appe> 9 ! %ape ( a   
dog4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! belief t a    
dead man's _s may manife/ itself 9 !    
lik5ess ( a black dog /ill survives 9   
,g]many4#cg ,z = ! gu>dian _s1 ,i w\ld  
sugge/ t ! ,mau! dog ( ,peel ,ca/le is a
 h\se-_s2 = z ! he>? 0 ! peculi> seat ( 
! ,l> ,famili>is & ( ! ,hs+ or ,h]dgota1
 & z ! ,engli% h\se-_s                  
,/ret*'d out all ! *imney's l5g?        
,basks at ! fire2  s ! ,mau! dog1 z soon
 z c&les 7 light$1 came & lay d[n be=e !

 fire4#ch ,f ?is po9t ( view we may     
consid] t ! black dog1 :i* 9 mod]n      
folk-lore comes & lies d[n or h[ls be=e 
a h\se1 9 tok5 t "o ( ! inmates is ab\t 
to die1 0 orig9ally a _s summon+ !      
inmate to jo9 ! dead4 ,?is belief1 x may
 fur!r be conjectur$1 has be5           
incorporat$ into ,h9doo my?ology1 :]e a 
dog acts z ! mess5g] ( ! dea?-god1      
,yama2 & probably ! ,greek dog1 ,c]b]us1
 0 tak5 up into ! lit]>y my?ology (     
,hellas f ! same folk-belief4  ,f9ally1 
we may "h notice ! fifty-second (       
,plut>*'s ,que/ions1 :]e9 he wond]s :y a
 dog 0 sacrific$ to ,g5ita ,mana1 & a   
pray] made to h] t none born 9 ! h\se   
%\ld become ,manes4 ,g5ita ,mana 01 z h]
 "n pla9ly indicates1 a _s ( bir? & (   
dea?2 & ! pray] 0 su* z might prop]ly be
 (f]$ to h]4 ,! sacrifice may be expla9$
 on ! pr9ciple laid d[n by ,pr(essor    
,rob]tson ,smi?1#ci t an animal         
sacrific$ to a deity 0 itself orig9ally 
! deity4 ,t "o & ! same _s %\ld h to d )
 ! *ild f ! womb & ! gho/ f ! tomb1     

po9ts to ! exi/5ce ( a belief among !   
,romans simil> to "o held by !          
,algonk9s4 ,algonk9 wom5 :o wi%$ to     
become mo!rs flock$ to ! side ( a dy+   
p]son1 9 ! hope ( receiv+ & be+         
impregnat$ by ! pass+ s\l4#dj  ,let u n[
 turn to ano!r po9t 9 :i* e>ly ,italian 
beliefs & mod]n folk-lore mutually      
illu/rate ea* o!r4 ,on ! orig9 ( fairies
 v>i\s !ories h be5 held1 & )\t d5y+ t  
fairies are sometimes ! repres5tatives (
 e>li] gods1 sometimes ( /ill e>li]     
satyrs1 fauns1 nymphs1 & wild m5 ( !    
wood1 we may recognise t !y are         
sometimes spirits ( ! dep>t$4 ,9 ! fir/ 
place1 z ! ,italians call$ ! dead !     
good1 manes1 s 9 ,engl& & 9 ,irel&      
fairies are ! good p4#da ,next1 fairies 
are small2 & ! savage conceives ! s\l ( 
man z a small] man4 ,x is1 accord+ to   
,hurons1 a complete little model ( ! man
 himself1 l ! man1 b small]1 ( c\rse1   
because1 z ! ,au/ralian blacks expla91 x
 is )9 ! man's brea/4#db ,accord+ to    
,kaffir ideas1 ! _w ( manes is exactly l

 t ( ! liv+1 only mu* small]1 & ! dead  
are !mselves b mannik9s4#dc ,aga91 !    
,teutonic h\se-_s on ! "o h& is         
admitt$ly a deceas$ ance/or1 & on ! o!r 
is an indubitable fairy4 ,fur!r1 fairies
 are sometimes explicitly /at$ 9        
folk-tales to be deceas$ spirits4#dd    
,n[1 "o ( mo/ m>k$ diff]5ces betwe5 !   
,greek & ! ,roman modes ( wor%ip 0 t !  
,greeks wor%ipp$ ) _! heads uncov]$1 !  
,romans ) heads cov]$1 velato capite4   
,roman antiqu>ies expla9$ ! practice z  
due to fe> le/ ! wor%ipp] %\ld see any?+
 ( evil om5 dur+ 8 pray]4 ,b ,i submit t
 we mu/ connect x ) ! folk-belief t     
fairies res5t be+ se5 by mortals4 ,!y   
are fairies2 he t speaks to !m %all die4
 ,if fairies 7 orig9ally dep>t$ s\ls1 ! 
fe> & ! dang] ( see+ !m is at once      
expla9$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,roman cu/om ( 
wor%ipp+ velato capite dates f a "t be=e
 ! introduction ( poly!ism1 & mu/ !re=e 
h be5 atta*$ orig9ally to ! wor%ip ( "s 
be+s o!r ?an gods4 ,x is at lea/        
plausible1 !re=e1 to conjecture t x 0 a 

precaution adopt$ 9 ! wor%ip ( deceas$  
ance/ors & ( spirits1 :i*1 l ,g5ita     
,mana1 are be/ expla9$ z spirits ( !    
dep>t$4 ,! conjecture is some:at        
confirm$ by ! fact t ! ,romans veil$ _! 
heads at ! fun]al ( fa!r or "m 7,r4 ,q4 
#ad74   ,v4 ,,g5ii4  ,no =m ( religion  
is easily or at once root$ out1 ev5 by a
 new religion4 ,a modus viv5di has to be
 f\nd betwe5 ! old fai? & ! new4 ,!     
animal1 :i* 0 once itself wor%ipp$1 is  
tol]at$ m]ely z ! symbol ( "s div9e     
attribute4 ,! nixies cont9ue to ply _!  
old call+ "u ! new "n ( ,old ,nick4 ,!  
sacrifices to ! dead1 condemn$ by !     
,indiculus ,sup]/itionum1 are           
subsequ5tly lic5s$ by ! ,*ur* z ! ,fea/ 
( ,all ,s\ls4#de ,h5ce x comes ab\t t   
:at means "o ?+ to ! apo/le ( ! new     
religion is long und]/ood z some?+ v    
diff]5t by ! reluctant conv]t4 ,! devil 
( folk-lore has attributes q diff]5t f  
^? assign$ to him 9 any s*eme ( ,*ri/ian
 !ology4  ,if1 !re=e1 poly!ism 01 z ,i h
 sugge/$1 an importation into ,italy1   

=c$ by ! ,/ate on a p n yet prep>$ =    
any?+ high] ?an animism &               
ance/or-wor%ip1 we %\ld expect to f9d ! 
borr[$ wor%ip ( a ,greek loan-god       
sometimes conceal+ a native ,italian    
cult ( v dissimil> nature4 ,in/ances ( !
 k9d are =?com+1 & ?is section w be     
devot$ to "s ( !m4  ,! spirits :i* aft] 
! dea? ( ! body 7 t]m$ manes by !       
,romans1 7 dur+ its life call$ g5ii 7or 
9 ! case ( wom5 ,junones74 ,! belief 9  
g5ii 0 n borr[$ f ,greece4 ,h[ primitive
 x is may be se5 f two facts4 ,fir/1 x  
is itself ! ess5ce ( animism1 = n only  
_h e man a g5ius1 b e place & e ?+ _h1 9
 ! belief ( ! ,romans1 a s\l1 to :i* !  
same "n1 g5ius1 0 giv54#df ,next1 !     
g5ius 01 ,i submit1 ! ext]nal s\l1 :i*1 
z ,mr4 ,fraz] has %[n1 appe>s 9 !       
folk-tales ( e ,aryan nation1 & 9 !     
religions ( _m savage peoples4 ,! g5ius 
( a man did n reside inside ! man4      
,among/ ! ,romans1 z among/ ! ,zulus1 x 
resid$ 9 a s]p5t4 ,z1 accord+ to !      
,banks ,isl&]s1 ! life ( ! man is b\nd  

up ) ! life ( 8 taman91#dg s ) !        
,romans1 ! man's heal? dep5d$ on 8      
g5ius4#dh ,:5 ! s]p5t :i* 0 ! g5ius ( ! 
fa!r ( ! ,grac*i 0 kill$1 ,tib]ius      
di$2#di &1 z all ,romans 7 liable to !  
same mis*ance1 ^! snakes 7 c>efully     
protect$ f all h>m1 7 re>$ 9 ! h\se & ! 
b$-*amb]1 & consequ5tly grew s num]\s1 t
 ,pl9y says1 _h _! numb]s n be5 kept d[n
 by occasional conflagrations1 !y w\ld h
 cr[d$ out ! human inhabitants (        
,rome4#ej  ,?is belief 9 ! g5ius1 h[ev] 
e!realis$ & spiritualis$ ! =m 9 :i* x   
appe>s 9 ,horace or 0 held by           
highly-educat$ ,romans1 cont9u$ ev5 9   
,imp]ial times among/ all o!r classes z 
primitive z x 0 t5aci\s4 ,its hold ov] !
 ord9>y ,italian m9d 0 mu* great] ?an ! 
,hell5is$ gods ev] secur$2 =1 9 ord] to 
make !m ev5 compreh5sible1 ! av]age     
,italian _h to suppose t ^! fa%ionable1 
,/ate-orda9$ gods 7 really work$ by     
g5ii--j z x is self-evid5t to ! savage  
t1 if a locomotive eng9e moves1 x is    
because x has horses inside4 ,?is1 ,i   

sugge/1 is ! explanation1 9 accord ) !  
pr9ciple laid d[n at ! beg9n+ ( ?is     
section1 :i* mu/ be giv5 ( ! rem>kable  
fact t1 beg9n+ f ,b4,c4 #eh1ea & 9      
ev]-increas+ numb]s aft]w>ds1           
inscriptions are f\nd :i* ascribe a     
g5ius to ,apollo1 ,asclepius1 ,m>s1     
,juno1 ,jupit]1 c4  ,9 ?is case ,italian
 animism has held its own1 n            
unsuccessfully1 aga9/ import$ poly!ism4 
,our second in/ance1 h[ev]1 w %[ x less 
successful4 ,:5 poly!ism 0 spread+ f    
,hellas ov] ,italy1 !re w\ld be no      
difficulty 9 add+ ! my?s & cult ( !     
,greek god ,zeus bodily on to ! wor%ip (
 ! ,italian sky-_s ,jupit]4 ,nor w\ld ! 
process be mu* h>d] ev5 :5 ! ,greek god 
& ! ,italian _s 7 ( totally diff]5t     
orig9 7z e4g4 ,h]mes & ,m]cury1 ,kronos 
& ,saturn71 provid$ t "s po9t (         
resemblance1 9 attribute or function1   
c\ld be discov]$ betwe5 !m4 ,x 0 only   
"o1 & ! lea/ important ( ,h]mes'        
functions1 to protect trad]s1 b x 0 q   
en\gh to lead to ! id5tification ( !    

,greek god ) ! ,italian _s ( ga9        
7,m]curius1 f m]ces74 ,! case (         
,h]acles1 h[ev]1 pres5t$ m difficulty2  
he 0 a h]o1 & ! v conception ( a h]o 0  
new to ! ,italians4 ,be+ new1 x 01 n    
unnaturally1 misund]/ood4 ,! ne>e/      
p>allel :i* ,italian religion (f]$ to a 
be+ :o 0 9 a way a man & yet 0 also a   
sort ( god 0 ! g5ius1 :o also 0 9 a way 
! man himself1 & yet 0 wor%ipp$ l a god4
 ,h]acles1 !re=e1 0 id5tifi$ ) ! g5ius1 
8 "n 0 ,lat9is$ into ! =m ,h]cules 7cf4 
sculapius1 f ,asclepios71 & ! cults ( ! 
two 7 amalgamat$4 ,?is amalgamation is !
 s\rce & ! explanation ( "s ( ,plut>*'s 
,roman ,que/ions4 ,plut>* 0 puzzl$ by ! 
fact t on ! "o h& "s elem5ts 9 ! cult ( 
,h]cules _h c\nt]p>ts 9 ! wor%ip ( !    
,greek god1 :ile on ! o!r h& !re 7      
elem5ts :i* receiv$ no explanation f a  
comp>ison ( ! cult ( ! ,greek ,h]acles4 
,?us ,plut>* is surpris$ to f9d an alt> 
common to ,h]cules & to ! ,muses 7,r4   
,q4 #ei72 b ?is is simply a loan f !    
ritual ( ! ,greek ,h]acles1 ,musagts4   

,on ! o!r h&1 z ,plut>* in=ms u 7,r4 ,q4
 #fj71 !re 0 an alt> ( ,h]cules f :i*   
wom5 7 exclud$4 ,?is is a non-,greek    
elem5t 9 ! cult ( ,h]cules1 ) :i* we may
 safely comp>e ! fact1 t :]eas a man    
might swe> by 8 ,h]cules1 a woman might 
n4 ,"h ! import$ god has tak5 ! place ( 
! native g5ius bo? 9 ! oa? & at ! alt>2 
= ! reason :y ! oa? me h]cule 0 re/rict$
 to m5 is t1 until ,h]cules & ! g5ius 7 
id5tifi$1 a man swore by 8 g5ius & a    
woman by h] ,juno4 ,aga91 9 ! "t be=e   
,italy 0 invad$ by ! gods ( ,greece1 9 !
 "t :5 temples 7 z yet unkn[n1 ! g5ius 0
 wor%ipp$ & invok$1 l o!r spirits1 9 !  
op5 air2 & ev5 aft] ! ,italians _h le>n$
 f ! ,greeks t ! gods 7 %ap$ 9 ! lik5ess
 ( m51 &1 l m51 mu/ h h\ses1 an oa? 0   
felt to be m sacr$ & m b9d+ if tak5 9 ! 
op5 air 9 ! old fa%ion1 ?an if sworn 9 !
 new way "u a ro(4#eb ,ev5tually1 h[ev]1
 ! old cu/om di$ out1 & 9 ,plut>*'s day 
x 0 only *ildr5 :o 7 told t !y mu/ g out
 ( doors if !y want$ to swe> by ,h]cules
 7,r4 ,q4 #bh74 ,plut>*'s att5tion 0    

also arre/$ by ! cu/om ( giv+ ti!s to   
,h]cules 7,r4 ,q4 #ah74 ,! practice is  
und\bt$ly purely & *>act]i/ically       
,italian2 b !re is no evid5ce to %[ :e!r
 x 0 ev] ! cu/om to (f] ti!s to ! g5ius4
 ,ano!r po9t1 h[ev]1 :i* is not$ by     
,plut>* 7,r4 ,q4 #ij7 9 ! cult (        
,h]cules1 may be m satisfactorily       
expla9$4 ,:5 sacrifice 0 be+ (f]$ to    
,h]cules1 no dog 0 suff]$ to be se5e1 )9
 ! purprise & prec9ct ( ! place :]e !   
sacrifice is celebrat$4 ,n[1 if ,h]cules
 repres5ts ! g5ius1 & if ! dog 0 ! %ape 
9 :i* a dep>t$ _s appe>s1 !n ! dang] le/
 ! g5ius %\ld be tempt$ away by ! ,manes
 is great en\gh to acc\nt = !           
prohibition4  ,?is id5tification (      
,h]acles ) ! g5ius %[s 9 a /rik+ way h[ 
f> ! ,italians 7 f hav+ rea*$ ! belief 9
 p]sonal individual gods at ! "t :5     
,greek religion f\nd its way into       
,italy1 & h[ artificially ,greek        
poly!ism 0 sup]impos$ on native beliefs4
 ,!re 7 z _m g5ii virorum z !re 7 liv+  
m51 & yet !y 7 id5tifi$ ) ,h]acles4#ec  

,to ! ,italian conv]t1 d\btless1 x seem$
 no?+ /range t e man %\ld h 8 ,h]cules2 
:ile 8 ,greek tea*] probably nev] fully 
realis$ ! cate*um5's po9t ( view4  ,!   
case is p>allel to t ( ,he/ia & ,ve/a4  
,bo? be=e & aft] ! appe>ance 9 ,italy ( 
! an?ropomorphis$ ,he/ia1 e ,roman      
h\sehold rev]$ its own he>?-_s2 yet ?is 
class ( spirits came to be id5tifi$ ) ! 
p]sonal individual goddess f ,greece4   
,d\btless1 also1 9 c\rse ( "t ,romans :o
 %ook (f animism & became true poly!i/s 
expla9$ ! relation betwe5 _!            
he>?-spirits & ! ,/ate-goddess by reg>d+
 ! =m] z s _m manife/ations ( ! latt]4  
,b x is1 ,i submit1 a mi/ake on ! "p (  
mod]n my?ologi/s to accept ?is piece (  
late !ology z primitive--unless1 inde$1 
we are also prep>$ to say t ! ,l>es 7   
reg>d$ z s _m manife/ations ( "o ,l>1 or
 all ! _m ,manes z manife/ations ( "o   
dead man4 ,! g5ii virorum1 at any rate1 
7 n1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 s _m             
manife/ations ( ,h]cules3 on ! contr>y1 
!y exi/$ 79 ,italy71 to beg9 )1 &       

,h]acles af=d$ !m a collective "n & a   
,greek cult4  ,9 ! same way1 ,i submit1 
! orig9al ,italian ,juno 0 no           
,nature-deity1 no moon-goddess--! "n 0 t
 ( a class ( spirits1 l ! correlative   
t]m g5ii virorum4 ,!re 7 _m ,junones1 z 
!re 7 _m fauns 9 ,italy1 _m satyrs &    
nymphs 9 ,greece1 _m ,pucks & fairies 9 
,engl&4 ,:5 ! ,italians le>nt t ,h]a 0 !
 goddess "u ^: protection ! ,greek wom5 
71 !y naturally ?\ght ( ! ,juno :o 0 !  
gu>dian-_s ( ea* ,italian woman1 &      
appli$ to ,juno ! cult & my?s t belong$ 
to ,h]a4 ,h5ce ! answ] to ,plut>*'s "q1 
:y 7 ! mon?s sacr$ to ,juno8 7,r4 ,q4   
#gg74 ,because !y 7 sacr$ to ,h]a4  ,b  
!re 7 o!r spirits :om ,italian wom5     
invok$ besides _! ,junones1 su* z ,juga1
 :o yok$ man & wife1 ,matrona1 ,pronuba1
 ,domiduca1 ,unxia1 ,c9xia1 ,fluonia1   
,luc9a1 & o!r dep>tm5tal spirits or     
indigetes1 ^: names appe> 9 !           
,indigitam5ta4 ,^! spirits1 :5 once     
,juno _h become a p]sonal individual    
deity1 came to be expla9$ z special     

manife/ations ( ! goddess1 :o 0         
consequ5tly call$ ,juno ,juga1 ,juno    
,matrona1 c4#ed   ,,vi4 ,,di            
,,indigetes4  ,be=e ,greek gods & my?s 7
 kn[n to !m1 ! ,italians wor%ipp$ n only
 ,l>es1 ,manes1 ,g5ii1 & ,junones1 b    
also ! spirits kn[n z ,di ,indigetes4   
,^! spirits 7 n conceiv$ 9 human or 9   
animal =m4 ,!y _h n human p>ts or       
passions4 ,!y did n =m a community4 ,!y 
_h no common abode4 ,!re is no?+ 9      
,italian religion correspond+ to !      
,olympus ( ,greek my?ology4 ,!y did n   
m>ry or give 9 m>riage4 ,above all1 :at 
di/+ui%es !m bo? f ,greek gods & f !    
tree-spirits1 :i* also 7 wor%ipp$ by !  
,italians1 is t !y 7 r num9a or =ces ?an
 be+s4 ,!y 7 ! =ces :i* regulat$ &      
controll$ all human actions1            
psy*ological & physiological1 & ?r\gh   
:i* all ! "w ( man's h&s c\ld alone be  
br\ght to a fav\rable issue4 ,:51 h[ev]1
 we come to exam9e ^! num9a1 we f9d t ! 
"n ( ! ,indiges is simply ! "n ( !      
action :i* he controls3 ! ,indiges ( s[+

 is ,saturnus2 ( rememb]+1 ,m9]va2 (    
suckl+1 ,rum9a1 & s on4 ,x is a canon ( 
savage logic t he :o possesses ! "n ( a 
p]son or ?+ has t p]son or ?+ 9 8 p[]2  
h5ce ! ,roman's belief t he c\ld control
 any process1 psy*ical or physical1 if  
only he c\ld put a "n to x4 ,?is        
primitive =m ( magic 0 organis$ by !    
,roman ,/ate4 ,! pontiffs 7 intru/$ ) ! 
duty ( draw+ up catalogues              
7indigitam5ta7 ( all ! /ages & processes
 ( a man's life1 f 8 begett+ & bir? to 8
 dea? & burial2 & z ! ,/ate 0 b a       
community ( f>m]s1 simil> catalogues 7  
made ( all ! agricultural op]ations by  
:i* crops are rais$4 ,to be effectual1 x
 0 necess>y t ^! li/s %\ld be complete4 
,z ! ,roman c\ld av]t or rem$y any evil 
by simply nam+ ! prop] _s1 x 0 ess5tial 
t 8 roll ( spirits %\ld h no omissions4 
,!n1 if he 7 9 d\bt :at _s to "n1 he    
c\ld make assurance d\bly sure by nam+  
all4  ,let x n be imag9$ t ?is          
,/ate-organis$ magic1 ?\gh x appe> to u 
inconsi/5t ) civilisation1 is m]e matt] 

( inf]5ce1 or belongs purely to         
pre-hi/oric times4 ,n only did x survive
 ! introduction ( poly!ism1 x 0 a firm  
article ( ,roman fai? 9 ! mo/ glori\s   
days ( ! ,republic1 & until ,b4,c4 #baa 
or lat]1 ! belief 0 s liv+ z to give    
bir? cont9ually to fre% spirits1 z fre% 
dep>tm5ts ( human activity 7 op5$ up4#ee
 ,nor did x cease !n4 ,x *ang$1 b x did 
n die4 ,9 ! wor%ip ( su* ab/ractions z  
,=tuna1 ,spes1 ,juv5tas1 ,concordia1    
,pietas1 ,lib]tas1 ,felicitas1 ,annona1 
c41 we h evid5ce t ab/ract names ex]cis$
 z great a hold ov] ! m9ds ( ,romans ( !
 ,empire z !y _h ov] ! e>lie/ ,italians4
  ,on "s indigetes ,greek cults & my?s 7
 graft$1 & ^! num9a1 :i* 7 9 tru? b     
nom9a1 h5ce=? liv$ z gods4 ,m]curius 0  
decl>$ to be ,h]mes4 ,m9]va1 ! _s (     
memory1 0 se5 to be ,a?n1 ! goddess (   
wisdom4 ,saturnus 0 id5tifi$ ) ,kronos1 
& 0 h5ce=? wor%ipp$ 9 ! ,greek fa%ion ) 
uncov]$ head 7,r4 ,q4 #ac74 ,opis 0     
id5tifi$ ) ,dmtr1 ,v5us ) ,aphrodit1 &  
,libit9a1 ! num5 ( fun]als1 0 int]pret$1

 by a p$antic etymological confusion )  
,lib5t9a1 z a bye-"n ( ! new goddess    
7,r4 ,q4 #bc74 ,! indiges ,lib]#ef 0    
recognis$ 9 ,dionysius ,eleu!rios 7,r4  
,q4 #ajd74  ,9 all ^! cases !           
id5tification proce$$ on a fanci$       
resemblance 9 "n or an actual simil>ity 
( function4 ,!re seems to be only "o    
in/ance ( id5tification bas$ on         
simil>ity ( cult1 t ( ! ,roman ,matuta &
 ! ,greek ,leuco!a4 ,accord+ to ,plut>* 
7,r4 ,q4 #af7 maid-s]vants 7 exclud$ f !
 temples ( bo?1 except :5 ! ,dames (    
,rome1 br++ 9 ?i!r "o alone & no m ) !m1
 fall to cuff+ & box+ h] ab\t ! e>es &  
*eeks4 ,"h ! s]vant is ! scapegoat1 to  
:om are transf]r$ ! evils :i* may or    
might afflict ! free wom5 ( ! community1
 & ! beat+ is done = purification4 ,x is
 j conceivable t ! ,greek cult may h be5
 borr[$ by ! ,romans2 b ! use ( a       
scapegoat & ( beat+ 9 ?is way is s      
wide-spread ov] all ! _w1 & s deeply    
seat$ 9 ,european folk-lore1 t x is     
difficult to imag9e x 0 unkn[n to !     

,romans4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ev5 9 !     
,roman ,que/ions1 )\t go+ fur!r1 we h   
indications t bo? practices 7 kn[n 9    
,italy4 ,9 ,r4 ,q4 #bj a my? is giv51 ! 
e>li] =m ( :i* is to be f\nd 9          
,macrobius 7,s4 i4 #ab71 :o /ates t !   
,bona ,dea 0 on a day sc\rg$ ) myrtles4 
,on ! pr9ciple t cu/oms (t5 give rise to
 my?s b _c be orig9at$ by !m1 we may    
inf] t ! repres5tative1 or else !       
wor%ipp]s ( ! ,bona ,dea1 7 purifi$ by  
sc\rg+4 ,/ill less c x be d\bt$ aft]    
,mannh>dt's exhau/ive inve/igation      
7,my?4 ,=s*41 pp4 #gb ff471 t ! ,lup]ci1
 describ$ 9 ,r4 ,q4 #fh1 drove out !    
evil spirits ( disease1 /]ility1 c41 by 
! bl[s f _! sc\rges4 ,aga91 ! expulsion 
( evil t5ds 9 _m places to become       
p]iodic2 a day or season is devot$      
annually to ! driv+ out ( all devils &  
evil spirits1 aft] :i* ! community is   
expect$ to live sob] & clean4 ,!        
community1 n unnaturally1 indulges 9 a  
k9d ( c>nival imm$iately be=e ?is       
season1 & all[s itself all sorts (      

lic5se3 slaves behave z ?\gh !y 7 ma/]s1
 m5 dress up 9 wom5's clo!s1 c4 ,?is1   
presumably1 is ! explanation ( ! fact   
relat$ by ,plut>* 7,r4 ,q4 #ee71 t ^u ! 
,ides ( ,janu>ie1 ! m9/rels at ,rome :o 
plai$ ^u ! hautboies1 7 p]mitt$ to goe  
up & d[ne ! city disguis$ 9 wom5's      
app>ell4#eg  ,?\gh ! influ5ce ( ,hell5ic
 religion fail$ to trans=m ! _m o!r     
indigetes into gods1 /ill x affect$ _!  
cult 9 o!r ways4 ,= "o ?+1 x provid$ !m 
n[ = ! fir/ "t ) temples or *apels4 ,?is
 innovation 0 d\btless f\nd /range by ! 
folk to :om ! fa%ionable ideas f ,hellas
 p5etrat$ sl[ & late4 ,9 ! case (       
,c>m5ta x mu/ h seem$ p>ticul>ly /range4
 ,c>m5ta 0 "o ( ! sev]al indigetes ^:   
p[] 0 manife/$ 9 ! v>i\s processes (    
ge/ation2#eh & %e 0 invok$ z ,porrima   
7,prorsa or ,antevorta7 or ,po/v]ta1    
accord+ z ! *ild came into ! _w head or 
foot =emo/4 ,f ! m5tion ( a saxum       
,c>m5t1#ei ne> :i* 0 ! porta ,c>m5talis1
 & ne> :i* ! temple 9 "q 0 erect$1 we   
may v5ture to inf] t ?is rock 0         

orig9ally ! local habitation ( ! _s4 ,:y
 !n ne$$ %e to h a temple built8 ,?is 0 
a po9t :i*1 to ! popul> m9d1 requir$    
explanation2 & a popul> explanation 0   
accord+ly =?com+1 :i* has =tunately be5 
pres]v$ to u by ,plut>*4 ,x />ts f a    
folk-etymology or confusion betwe5 ! "n 
,c>m5ta & ! ^w c>p5ta1 mean+ coa*es1 &  
may be read at l5g? 9 ,r4 ,q4 #ef4  ,!re
 rema9s "o o!r indiges :o is m5tion$ 9 !
 ,romane ,que/ions--,rum9a 7,r4 ,q4 #eg7
 ! num5 ( suckl+4 ,z ! temple ( ,c>m5ta 
0 erect$ ne> ! saxum ,c>m5t1 s !        
sacellum ( ,rum9a 0 built ne> ! ficus   
,rum9alis2 & z we may conjecture t !    
rock 0 9 ! nature ( a feti*1 s we may   
inf] t ,rum9a 0 a tree-_s4 ,x is easy to
 und]/& :y a fig-tree 0 *os5 z ! abode (
 ! _s ( suckl+2 ! sap ( ?is tree        
resembles milk & 0 kn[n to ! ,romans z  
lac4 ,! fact report$ by ,plut>*1#fj t   
milk1 n w9e1 0 (f]$ 9 ! cult ( ,rum9a1  
is q 9 accord ) ! pr9ciples ( sympa!tic 
magic4  ,! wor%ip ( ?is _s be>s e m>k ( 
ho> antiquity1 & x 0 work$ into ! leg5d 

( ! f\ndation ( ,rome by ! device ( mak+
 ! wolf suckle ! tw9s "u ! ficus        
,rum9alis4   ,,vii4 ,,tree ,,& ,,field  
,,cults4  ,:5ev] two peoples come into  
contact ) ea* o!r = ! fir/ "t1 a        
comp>ison ( religions is set up2 & "o ( 
! fir/-fruits ( ?is e>lie/ ex]cise ( !  
comp>ative /udy ( religions is t        
id5tification ( gods & borr[+ ( cults & 
my?s to :i* ! t]m syncretism is appli$4 
,! "p play$ by syncretism 9 ! hi/ory (  
,italian religion is ( s+ul> importance3
 ! ,italian's mi/y1 vapor\s belief 9    
ab/ract1 imp]sonal spirits 0 precipitat$
 into premature poly!ism by !           
introduction ( ! an?ropomorphic gods (  
,greece4 ,=tunately1 ! process be+      
premature1 01 & to ! end rema9$1        
incomplete2 & we are !re=e able to      
employ ! survivals f ! old] =m ( belief 
s z to =m "s idea ( ! orig9al ,italian  
religion4 ,to ! la/1 _m spirits resi/$ !
 individualis+ process1 :i* is ! ess5ce 
& condition ( poly!ism3 ! ,l>es & !     
,manes n only nev] became gods1 b none (

 !m 0 dignifi$ by a prop] "n1 or atta9$ 
ev5 s mu* individuality z ,puck or ,rob9
 ,goodfell[4 ,n c su* g5]al ab/ract     
appellations z ,bona ,dea1 ,dea ,dia1 be
 reg>d$ z p]sonal names1 i4e41 z ! names
 ( def9ite1 individual1 p]sonal be+s3 !y
 h n ! p]sonality ( ,v5us or ,vulcan1 & 
yet !y 7 ! be+s :om ! p at l>ge wor%ipp$
 9 pref]5ce to ! ,/ate-gods1 ^: cult &  
my?s 7 fa%ionably ,hell5is$4  ,%e :o1 "u
 ! influ5ce ( ,greek religion1 became ! 
goddess ,diana1 0 orig9ally a tree-_s1  
hav+ no p]sonal "n1 b kn[n only by an   
appellation z g5]al & ab/ract z t (     
,bona ,dea4 ,! pro( t ! qualities &     
attributes ( ! ,greek goddess ,artemis 7
 atta*$ by syncretism to ! ,italian     
tree-_s is br\ght to light by two (     
,plut>*'s p5etrat+ que/ions 7,r4 ,q4 #c 
& #d71 :y h>ts' horns are set up 9 all !
 temples ( ,diana save t on ,m\nt       
,av5t9e1 9 :i* are ox-horns8 & :y m5 are
 exclud$ f "o p>ticul> temple ( ! same  
goddess8 ,^! diff]5ces 9 cult obvi\sly  
po9t to ! wor%ip ( diff]5t goddesses "u 

! same "n2 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 we "k   
fir/ t h>ts 7 sacr$ to ! ,greek goddess1
 ,artemis1 :]eas ! g5u9e ,italian ,diana
 0 ! goddess ( ox52 next1 we "k t !     
id5tification ( ,artemis & ,diana 0     
effect$ by ,s]vius ,tullius4#fa ,to     
und]/& ! exclusion ( m5 f ! temple 9 !  
,patrician ,/reet1 h[ev]1 we mu/ inquire
 into ! nature ( ! ,italian ,diana4 ,)  
?is object1 we may ei!r assume t !      
pro-e?nic ,aryans 7 poly!i/s1 & t !re=e 
! primitive ,italians also wor%ipp$     
,nature-gods2 9 :i* case1 />t+ f !      
etymology ( ! ^w ,diana 7f ! root div1  
%9e71 we mu/ ei!r at once make ,diana a 
moon-goddess1#fb & ?us acc\nt = ! fact t
 %e 0 a goddess ( *ild-bir?1 & !re=e m5 
7 exclud$ f h] temple4 ,b ?is seems     
improbable ev5 to a writ] 9 ,ros*]'s    
,lexikon 7,birt71 :o v prop]ly notes 7p4
 #ajjg7 t x is d\btful :e!r ! belief t !
 moon influ5c$ *ild-bir? c be %[n to be 
,italian4 ,birt1 !re=e1 int]prets ! "n  
to mean ! bright goddess1 i4e41 !       
goddess ( bright daylight1 & boldly     

writes x d[n z a matt] ( c\rse t ! fir/ 
attribute ( a daylight or sky goddess is
 h] close relation to vegetable nature1 
especially woods & =e/s4 ,^? :o f9d ?is 
mortal leap beyond _! p[] to foll[1 & :o
 pref] to argue to ! orig9al nature ( ! 
goddess f :at we "k ( h] cult z a matt] 
( fact1 r ?an f hypo!ses z to !         
,nature-my?s ( ! primitive ,aryans1 w   
note fir/ t h] "n is z purely g5]al &   
ab/ract z t ( ! ,dea ,dia or ! ,bona    
,dea1 & means simply a bright _s1 or    
possibly simply a _s4 ,next1 :]ev]      
,diana 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ,italy1 %e 0        
orig9ally wor%ipp$ 9 woods & groves1    
e4g41 9 ! =e/s on ,m\nt ,tifata1 ,m\nt  
,algidus at ,anagnia1 ,corne1 & ,aricia4
 ,inde$1 9 ,aricia ! place ( h] wor%ip 0
 simply call$ ,nemus1 & ! goddess h]self
 pla9 ,nemor5sis4 ,9 ! next place1 h]   
wor%ip is frequ5tly associat$ ) t (     
,silvanus1#fc :o is pla9ly a wood-_s1 & 
:o is also a patron-_s ( dome/ic        
cattle4#fd ,f ?is we may v5ture to class
 h] ) ! agre/es fem9 quas silvaticas    

vocant ( ,bur*>d ( ,worms3#fe %e is a   
wood-_s :o became a goddess because ( h]
 lik5ess to ! ,greek ,artemis4 ,h]      
connection ) *ild-bir? does n indicate t
 %e 0 a moon-goddess4 ,roman wom5 9     
primitive times1 l ,sw$i% wom51 tw9$ _! 
arms ab\t a tree to ensure easy deliv]y 
9 ! pangs ( *ild-bir?2 & we rememb] h[1 
9 our ,engli% ballads1 wom51 9 l "t (   
ne$1 'set _! backs aga9/ an oak4'#ff    
,f9ally1 ! annual wa%+ & cleans+ ( !    
head1 :i* ,plut>* m5tions 9 ,r4 ,q4     
#ajj1 0 done on a day sacr$ to ,diana1  
probably because1 on ! "o h&1 wom5 felt 
t !y 7 "u h] protection specially1 :ile1
 on ! o!r1 s great is ! sanctity ( !    
head among/ primitive peoples1#fg t wa%+
 x is n to be und]tak5 lightly3 !       
gu>dian _s ( ! head does n l to h ! hair
 wa%$ too (t51 x might injure or        
incommode him4#fh  ,! ,romane ,que/ions 
af=d ano!r in/ance 9 :i* syncretism has 
obscur$ ! orig9al nature ( an ,italian  
field-_s1 & 9 :i* ! cult ( ! ,hell5is$  
deity /ill betrays ! primitive object ( 

wor%ip4 ,9 ! pages ( ,virgil1 ,m>s has s
 completely assum$ ! guise ( ! ,greek   
,ares1 t if we _h only ! v]ses & !      
my?ology ( ! c\rt-poet to in/ruct u1 we 
c\ld nev] ev5 suspect t ,m>s _h o!r     
functions ?an ^? ( a w>-god4 ,:51 h[ev]1
 we turn f my? to cult1 & are confront$ 
by ! c]emony ( ! ,octob] horse1 describ$
 9 ,r4 ,q4 #ig1 we f9d1 t ?\gh ,m>s 0   
sung z ,l5k] d] ,s*la*t51 he 0 wor%ipp$ 
z ! _s t makes ! corn to gr[4 ,at ,rome 
! corn-_s 0 repres5t$ z a horse1 z x    
/ill is among/ ! peasants ( ,europe1 n  
only ne> ,/uttg>t1 b 9 our own c\ntry1 9
 ,h]t=d%ire & 9 ,%rop%ire4 ,! fructify+ 
p[] ( ! _s is suppos$ 9 mod]n folk-lore 
& 9 ,africa1 z x 0 at ,rome1 to reside  
specially 9 ! animal's tail1 :i* !re=e 0
 pres]v$ ov] ! he>? ( ! k+'s h\se1 9    
ord] to secure a good h>ve/ next ye>4 ,!
 antiquity ( ?is cu/om at ,rome1 & !    
fact t x dates f long be=e ! ,romans    
knew any?+ ( ! ,greek ,ares1 are %[n by 
! fight = ! horse's head wag$ betwe5 !  
inhabitants ( ! two w>ds1 ! ,via ,sacra 

& ! ,subura1 a fight :i* %[s t !        
c]emonial goes back to a "t :5 ! ,subura
 & ,rome 7 sep>ate & indep5d5t villages4
  ,9 connection ) ! kill+ ( ! corn-_s1  
we may note a passage ( ! ,romane       
,que/ions 7#fc7 :i* has n yet tak5 its  
place 9 mod]n works on ! subject4       
,speak+ ( ! rex sacrorum1 ,plut>* says1 
,ne]e unto ,comitium1 !y use to h a     
solemn sacrifice = ! good e/ate ( !     
citie2 :i*1 s soone z ev] ?is k+ ha?    
p]=m$1 he take? 8 legs & runnes out ( ! 
place z fa/ z ev] he c4 ,necess>y z x 01
 accord+ to primitive notions1 t !      
vegetation-_s %\ld be1 z x 71 decant$   
into a new vessel1 :5 ! animal 9 :i* he 
0 = ! "t resid+ 0 ?reat5$ ) infirmity & 
decay1 /ill ! kill+ ( ! sacr$ animal 0 a
 dang]\s & semi-sacrilegi\s act4 ,h5ce 9
 ,greece1 ! man :o kill$ ! ox 9 !       
sacrifice kn[n z ! b\phonia ran away z  
soon z he _h fell$ ! animal1 & 0        
subsequ5tly tri$ = murd]1 b 0 acquitt$  
on ! gr\nd t ! axe 0 ! real murd]]2 & s 
! axe 0 f\nd guilty & ca/ into ! sea4 ,!

 ,roman regifugium is obvi\sly a fragm5t
 ( a simil> rite4 ,! folk-explanation   
treat$ x z a symbol commemorative ( !   
expulsion ( ! ,t>qu9ii4   ,,viii4       
,,man-,,wor%ip4  ,! rules ( life        
prescrib$ = ! prie/ ( ,jupit]1 ! ,flam5 
,dialis1 are giv5 9 "p by ,plut>* 7,q4  
,r4 #dj1 #dd1 #ej1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa1    
#aab1 & #aac71fi & are a signal in/ance 
( ! necessity ( expla9+ ,roman cults1 n 
by ref]5ce to ! artificial my?ology ( ! 
,v$as or to ! civilis$ my?s ( ,greece1 b
 to ! cu/oms ( peoples :o are /ill /eep$
 9 animism4 ,t a _s may take up its     
abode z a ,dryad 9 a tree or 9 an       
animal1 z 9 ! bea/s wor%ipp$ by ! anci5t
 ,egyptians1 or may tempor>ily take     
possession ( a human be+1 z ,apollo     
possess$ ! ,py?ian prie/ess1 is easily  
compreh5d$4 ,b t a _s %\ld p]man5tly    
dwell 9 a man1 & t ! man %\ld ex]cise   
all ! p[]s & receive all ! wor%ip t     
belong to ! _s1 w\ld be almo/ incr$ible 
7 x n = ! num]\s in/ances ( su* wor%ip  
collect$ by ! erudition ( ,mr4          

,fraz]4#gj ,9 ,japan ! sun-goddess dwelt
 9 ! ,mikado2 9 ,l[] ,gu9ea & among !   
,zapotecs ( ,s\? ,mexico ! sun-_s takes 
human =m4 ,9 ,cambodia ! _s ( fire & !  
_s ( wat] manife/ !mselves 9 ! 7human7  
k+s ( fire & wat]4 ,ra9-k+s are f\nd on 
! ,congo1 ! ,upp] ,nile1 & among        
,abyss9ian tribes4 ,! wea!r-_s is       
wor%ipp$ 9 ! k+s ( ,loango1 ,mombaza1   
,quiteva1 ! ,banj>s1 & ! ,muyscas4 ,9 ! 
,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 g5]ally1 e god c take 
possession ( a man & speak ?r\gh him4#ga
  ,9 ! next place1 ^! div9e k+s or      
prie/s are all *>g$ ) a =ce :i* enables 
!m to control ! c\rse ( ,nature4 ,le/1  
!re=e1 ?is =ce %\ld be inadv]t5tly &    
un9t5tionally dis*>g$1 ) results        
disa/r\s to ! recipi5t ( ! %ock or to ! 
univ]se at l>ge1 ! div9e prie/ or k+ mu/
 be insulat$4 ,& ?is insulation is      
effect$ by taboos3 e action is taboo to 
him :i* might br+ him into dang]\s      
contact ) o!rs4#gb  ,:51 !re=e1 we le>n 
t ! ,flam5 ,dialis 0 subject to a v l>ge
 numb] ( taboos1 all ( :i* f9d          

analogies1 :ile "s f9d _! exact         
c\nt]p>ts1 9 ! taboos laid on ! div9e   
prie/s & k+s previ\sly m5tion$2 & :5 we 
fur!r discov] t ,prell]1#gc on totally  
diff]5t gr\nds1 consid]$ ! ,flam5 to h  
be5 ! liv+ c\nt]p>t ( ,jupit]1 x seems n
 unreasonable to reg>d ! ,flam5 ,dialis 
z ! human embodim5t ( ! sky-_s4  ,!     
,flam51 accord+ to ,plut>* 7,r4 ,q4     
#dj71 0 =bidd5 to ano9t 8 body 9 ! op5  
air1 i4e4 sub ,jove2 & ( ! ,mikado we   
are told1 ,mu* less w !y suff] t he %\ld
 expose 8 sacr$ p]son to ! op5 air4#gd  
,! ,flam5 0 =bidd5 to t\* meal or raw   
meat1 i4e41 meal or meat :i* might be   
consum$ by o!rs2 s1 too1 ! vessels us$  
by ! ,mikado 7 g5]ally broke1 = fe> !y  
%\ld come into ! h&s ( laym52 = !y      
believe religi\sly t if any layman %\ld 
presume to eat 8 food out ( ^! sacr$    
di%es1 x w\ld swell & inflame 8 m\? &   
?roat4#ge  ,= ! _m o!r taboos impos$ on 
! ,flam51 ,i mu/ ref] to ,mr4 ,fraz]'s  
great "w4#gf ,i w "h only m5tion "o1 :i*
 is n explicitly expla9$ 9 ! ,gold5     

,b\gh4 ,if ! ,flam5's wife di$1 he _h to
 resign 7,q4 ,r4 #ej74 ,n[1 x is obvi\s 
f ?is t a wid[$ ,flam5 0 someh[ dang]\s 
or 9 dang]1 & t ! dang] 0 "o :i*        
re-m>riage w\ld n av]t4 ,i submit1      
!re=e1 t a wid[$ ,flam5 0 consid]$ 9    
dang] ( sudd5 dea?1 & t ?is dang] 7a    
dang] to ! community1 :i* might ?us lose
 ! sky-_s7 consi/$ 9 ! probability t !  
s\l ( ! dep>t$ wife might tempt away !  
s\l ( ! liv+ ,flam54 ,9 ,burmah1 prop]  
precautions are tak5 to prev5t a baby's 
s\l f foll[+ t ( its dead "m1 or ! s\l (
 a b]eav$ husb& or wife f rejo9+ ! lo/  
"o1 or to prev5t ! s\l ( a dead *ild f  
lur+ away ! s\l ( its playmate to !     
_s-l&4#gg ,b accid5ts w happ51 & x is s 
important = an agricultural community to
 h ! sky-_s "u direct control1 t !      
,romans 7 d\btless well advis$ 9 runn+  
no risks1 & 9 transf]r+ ! _s into ano!r 
,flam54   ,,ix4 ,,taboos4  ,9 fairy     
tales x is n surpris+ t ! h]o %\ld be   
=bidd5 to see 8 wife on c]ta9 days1 or  
:il/ %e is wa%+1 or at night1 & t he    

%\ld be requir$ to take precautions le/ 
he %\ld take h] unaw>es 9 "o ( ! =bidd5 
mom5ts4#gh ,b x is surpris+ to f9d t !  
prosaic ,roman punctili\sly obs]v$ fairy
 etiquette 9 ^! matt]s1 & habitually    
behav$ l an inhabitant ( fairy-l&4 ,see 
,r4 ,q4 #i & #fe4 ,x is also surpris+ to
 discov] t 9 ,italy1 :]e1 ow+ to !      
vigor\s developm5t ( ! m>ital au?ority1 
reg>dless ( ! natural rights ( p]sons z 
su*1 ! wife's moral subjection became   
trans=m$ into legal slav]y1#gi ! wife 0 
exempt$ f ! tasks ( corn-gr9d+ & cook+1 
because1 accord+ to ,momms51 ^? tasks 7 
m5ial4#hj ,! exemption is m5tion$ by    
,plut>* 9 ,r4 ,q4 #he2 b we mu/ take    
leave to "q ,momms5's explanation4 ,!   
exemption is n an exemption1 b a        
prohibition3 x is id5tical ) ! taboo    
laid on ! ,flam5 ,dialis 7,r4 ,q4 #aji71
 & has ! same object4 ,d\btless if a    
,roman ate food t\*$ by a woman1 x w\ld 
swell & inflame 8 m\? or ?roat1 or h "s 
disa/r\s effect4 ,= t ev5 indirect      
contact ) wom5 at c]ta9 p]iods1 e4g4    

*ild-bir?1 c41 is highly dang]\s1 is a  
belief f\nd among/ ! ,au/ralian blacks &
 ! ,eskimo1 ! ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 
& ! ,kafirs ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,an         
,au/ralian blackfell[1 hav+ be5 br\ght  
accid5tally into ?is dang]\s contact1   
di$ ( t]ror )9 a =tnight4#ha ,x is n    
/range1 !re=e1 t ! ,romans1 return+ home
 aft] abs5ce1 if _! wives 7 at home1 us$
 to s5d a mess5g] unto !m be=e1 = to    
give w>n+ & adv]tisem5t ( _! comm+4 ,&  
we c und]/& t ! primitive public = :om !
 fairy tales 9 "q 7 compos$ f\nd !      
incid5t ( ! violat$ taboo z ?rill+ & z  
full ( actuality z a mod]n read] f9ds ! 
late/ s5sational novel4  ,! belief t a  
"m & h] new-born babe are peculi>ly at !
 m]cy ( malevol5t spirits is _w-wide4 ,9
 ! fairy tales ( ,*ri/ian ,europe !     
p]iod ( dang] is t]m9at$ by baptism1    
until :i* "t v>i\s precautions1 su* z   
burn+ a light 9 ! *amb]1 mu/ be         
obs]v$4#hb ,9 anci5t ,italy ! dang] end$
 :5 ! *ild receiv$ its "n1 :i*1 z       
,plut>* 7,r4 ,q4 #ajc7 in=ms u1 0 on !  

n9? day aft] bir? 9 ! case ( boys1 on ! 
eigh? 9 ! case ( girls4 ,until t day a  
c&le 0 to be kept light$1 & ! _s        
,c&elif]a 0 to be invok$4 ,on t day !   
*ild 0 purifi$ 7:i* indicates an orig9al
 taboo71 & receiv$ ! bulla1 m5tion$ by  
,plut>* 7,r4 ,q4 #ajb71 to pres]ve him  
h5ce=? f evil spirits & ! evil eye4     
,:e!r ! bulla d]iv$ its virtue f !      
sub/ances :i* 7 enclos$ 9 x1 z 9 a box1 
or f its moon %ape1 is unc]ta94 ,if !   
latt] be ! true explanation1 we may     
comp>e ! fact record$ by ,plut>* 7,r4   
,q4 #gf71 t ^? :o are desc5d$ ( ! mo/   
noble & aunci5t h\ses ( ,rome c>ri$     
little moones ^u _! %oes4 ,! daught]s ( 
,sion also wore z amulets r\nd tires l !
 moon 7,isaiah1 iii4 #ah74 ,! moon-_s   
s5ds disease or takes possession ( !    
p]son :o is lunatick or moon-/ruck4 ,b !
 _s may be delud$1 & w ent] any         
moon-%ap$ object :i* ! p]son attack$ is 
we>+4 ,! ,*aldans div]t$ ! _s ( disease 
f ! sick man by provid+ an image 9 !    
lik5ess ( ! _s to attract ! plague4#hc  

,x4--,,sympa!tic ,,magic4  ,! travell]  
:o has little or no acqua9tance ) !     
language ( ! l& 9 :i* he is1 resorts    
naturally to ! language ( ge/ure1 &     
mimics ! ?+ :i* he wi%es to h done4     
,primitive man communicates 8 wi%es to  
,nature 9 exactly ! same way3 if he     
wi%es to h game caught 9 ! trap :i* he  
sets1 he fir/ pret5ds to fall into x    
himself4 ,he has n le>nt to int]rogate  
,nature 9 h] own language by means (    
exp]im5t & crucial in/ances1 b he has a 
pres5tim5t ( ! me?od ( ,concomitant     
,v>iations & ( ! ,sub/itution (         
,simil>s4 ,if a ?+ is itself beyond 8   
rea*1 he sub/itutes its c\nt]p>t1 its   
image or its "n1 or some?+ relat$ to x  
or connect$ ) x1 9 confid5ce t any      
*anges he may "w 9 ! "o w be accompani$ 
by concomitant v>iations 9 ! o!r4 ,h5ce 
! reluctance %[n by _m savages to all[  
_! lik5esses to be tak5 or _! names to  
be kn[n1 z ) ! "n or ! lik5ess ! man    
himself w\ld pass into ! p[] ( !        
/rang]4#hd ,s ! ,romans1 z ,plut>* in=ms

 u 7,r4 ,q4 #fa71 kept ! "n ( _! tutel> 
god secret1 = ! same reason1 z ,plut>*  
acutely obs]ves1 z o!r nations kept !   
images ( _! gods *a9$2#he  & = ! same   
reason1 we may add1 z ! ,romans =bade ! 
liv+ c\nt]p>t ( ! sky-_s to leave !     
city1 viz41 le/ he %\ld pass out ( _!   
control4  ,9 ! same _s1 ! ,romans w\ld n
 all[ a table to be completely /ripp$ ( 
food 7,r4 ,q4 #fd7 or a light to be     
ext+ui%$ 7#ge73 ! action might produce  
p]man5t effects4 ,! same feel+ prevail$ 
or prevails ) reg>d to ! table 9        
,*emnitz1 ?\gh x is reg>d$ z a sign (   
dea? if a light goes out ( its own      
accord4#hf  ,! practice ( all[+ ! spoils
 tak5 f an enemy to ru/--a practice :i* 
,plut>* 7#cg7 _c compreh5d--0 d\btless a
 piece ( sympa!tic magic3 z ! arm\r     
ru/$1 ! enemy's p[] ( arm$ resi/ance    
w\ld dim9i%4  ,ano!r int]e/+ in/ance (  
sympa!tic magic lurks 9 ,r4 ,q4 #cb4 ,! 
images :i*1 z ,plut>* says1 7 ?r[n into 
! riv]1 repres5t$ a _s ( vegetation or a
 corn-_s2 & ! object ( plung+ !m into ! 

riv] 0 !reby to secure t ! crops %\ld be
 correspond+ly dr5*$ ) ra94#hg ,?is rite
 also illu/rates ! orig9 ( a conception 
:i* has its roots 9 sympa!tic magic &   
yet ex]ts consid]able influ5ce 9 !      
civilis$ _w--! conception ( legal       
fictions4 ,! images1 und\bt$ly1 7       
sub/itutes = human be+s :o 7 7z         
repres5t+ ! corn-_s7 dr[n$ 9 ! ,tib]4   
,human sacrifice1 ?\gh exceptional1 0 n 
unkn[n at ,rome 9 hi/oric times1 z      
appe>s f ,r4 ,q4 #hc2 & ! sub/itution ( 
animals or ( inanimate objects = human  
be+s is n peculi> to ,rome1 b is ! usual
 means by :i* ! transition f ! m to !   
less b>b>\s cu/om is effect$4 ,b !      
,romans1 :o 7 practical & logical to !  
extreme1 :o r$uc$ magic to a sy/em :]eby
 !y regulat$ _! daily life1 consi/5tly  
en\gh also utilis$ sympa!tic magic z a  
legal in/rum5t4 ,= x w\ld be a great    
mi/ake to inf] f ! ridicule p\r$ by     
,cic]o 7,pro ,mur5a1 xii4 #fb7 on !     
fictions ( ,roman law1 t ^? symbolisms 7
 pu]ile mumm]ies design$ to b5efit !    

legal pr(ession at ! exp5se ( its       
cli5ts4 ,! clod ( e>? :i* 0 br\ght into 
c\rt 0 no m]e symbol1 b gave to ^? :o   
held x exactly ! same control ov] !     
e/ate f :i* x came1 z ! image ( a god   
gives to its possessor1 or z ! hair or  
clo?+ ( a p]son :o is to be bewit*$     
gives to ! work] ( ! spell4  ,a =m (    
sympa!tic magic :i* is practis$ by      
agricultural peoples all ov] ! _w is a  
sacr$ m>riage1 :]eby two spirits or _!  
images1 or _! liv+ repres5tatives1 are  
unit$1 9 ord] t _! union may be         
sympa!tically foll[$ by f]tility 9 flock
 & field4 ,! c]emony ( ! sacr$ m>riage  
frequ5tly survives :5 its purpose has   
be5 =gott51 & !n a popul> explanation is
 inv5t$ = & by ! folk4 ,! my? ( ,acca   
,l>5tia1 giv5 by ,plut>*1 ,r4 ,q4 #ce1  
seems to me a piece ( folk-lore ( ?is   
k9d4 ,to beg9 )1 x is n uncommon to f9d 
9 ,greek & ,asiatic cults1 = in/ance1#hh
 a woman %ut up ) a god 9 8 temple4 ,& !
 result ( ?is union is an increase 9 !  
agricultural weal? or f]tility ( !      

community4 ,! same result appe>s 9 !    
rationalis$ explanation ( ! sacr$       
m>riage ( ,acca ,l>5tia & ,h]cules1 giv5
 by ,plut>*4 ,fur!r1 an exactly simil>  
tale is told ( ,h]cules & ,flora1#hi ^: 
"n %[s t %e is a _s ( fl[]+ & blossom+  
vegetation1 :il/ h] cult po9ts to a     
reali/ic sacr$ m>riage 9 :i* %e took    
"p4#ij ,aga91 ,acca ,l>5tia & ,flora 7  
evid5tly felt to be spirits ( ! same    
class z ! ,dea ,dia1 = sacrifices 7 (f]$
 to !m z "p ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,dea ,dia2 & 
! ,dea ,dia 0 a corn-_s1 z is pla9ly %[n
 by ! ,acta ,arvalium ,fratrum4#ia ,at !
 same "t1 ?\gh ,acca ,l>5tia1 ,flora1 & 
! ,dea ,dia 7 all spirits ( ! same      
class1 x is cle> t !y 7 di/+ui%$ f ea*  
o!r1 = ! ,arval ,bro!rs sacrific$ to ea*
 ( !m sep>ately & "u di/9ct names4      
,f9ally1 :e!r ,acca ,l>5tia _h orig9ally
 any?+ to d ) ! ,l>es seems d\btful1#ib 
& 9 spite ( ! fact t1 9 lat] times at   
any rate1 %e 0 call$ ! "m ( ! ,l>es1 "o 
_c build mu* on ! etymology :i* makes   
,acca mean "m4#ic ,c]ta9 x is1 h[ev]1 t 

! ,arval ,bro!rs1 9 wor%ipp+ ! ,dea     
,dia1 began _! fam\s & v anci5t song )  
an invocation ( ! ,l>es4#id ,x is pla91 
!re=e1 t !re 0 f pre-hi/oric times a    
t5d5cy to associate ! wor%ip ( ! k9dly  
,l>es ) t ( spirits ( ! class to :i* !  
,dea ,dia & ,acca ,l>5tia belong$4 ,b ! 
fea/ ( ! ,l>5talia 7or ,l>5t9alia71 to  
:i* ,plut>* alludes 9 ,r4 ,q4 #cd1 0    
evid5tly a piece ( ance/or-wor%ip1 & may
 !re=e h be5 "p ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,l>es f !
 beg9n+4 ,if ?is really be s1 ,acca     
,l>5tia w be a s\l promot$ to ! rank ( a
 _s ( vegetation4  ,! !ory ( sympa!tic  
magic may p]haps af=d ! solution (      
,plut>*'s problem 7#ig71 :y !y t w\ld   
live *a/e 7 =bidd5 to eat pulse4 ,plut>*
 sugge/s t z f> z beans are conc]n$ !   
reason may be t ! ,py?agoreans abom9at$ 
!m4 ,?is symbol ( ! ,py?agoreans is     
well-kn[n4 ,milton 0 inspir$ by x to put
 ! case--                      ,if all !
 _w   ,%\ld 9 a fit ( temp'rance fe$ on 
pulse1  &1 accord+ to ,nean!s1 quot$ by 
,iambli*us 9 8 life ( ,py?agoras1 !     

prohibition ext5d$ ev5 to tread+ d[n !  
gr[+ bean2 =1 he in=ms u1 ,py?agoras    
inculcat$ ! virtue ( *a/ity s           
successfully t :5 t5 ( 8 disciples1 be+ 
attack$1 might h escap$ by cross+ a     
bean-field1 !y di$ to a man r ?an tread 
d[n ! beans3 & :5 ano!r disciple1 :o 0  
%ortly aft]w>ds captur$ & br\ght be=e   
,dionysius1 0 bidd5 by t tyrant to      
expla9 ! /range conduct ( 8 fell[s1 he  
repli$1 ,!y suff]$ !mselves to be put to
 dea? r ?an tread beans "u foot2 & ,i w 
r tread beans "u foot ?an reveal !      
reason4  ,?is is suffici5tly my/]i\s2 & 
! ,py?agorean symbol c sc>cely be said  
to expla9 ! ,italian prohibition4 ,b    
?\gh ,plut>* has committ$ ! error (     
def9+ ignotum p] ignotius1 he has       
nev]!less be5 l$ by a s\nd in/9ct1 9    
comp>+ ! two ?+s toge!r4 ,mr4 ,fraz] 79 
,folk-,lore1 i4 #ade ff47 has abundantly
 %[n t _m ( ! symbols ( ,py?agoras are b
 maxims ( folk-lore :i* h ga!r$ r\nd !  
"n ( t my/]i\s philosoph]4 ,x w\ld be   
no?+ /range1 !n1 if a piece ( ,italian  

folklore %\ld be fa!r$ on ,py?agoras1 = 
,magna ,graecia 0 ! home (              
,py?agoreanism4  ,n[ ! folk has at all  
times be5 fond ( discov]+ resemblances  
betwe5 plants & o!r objects1 z ! common 
names ( fl[]s1 c41 suffici5tly %[4      
,fur!r1 accord+ to popul> notions1 ^!   
resemblances d n exi/ = no?+3 betwe5 !  
plant & ! object x resembles !re exi/s  
an occult b pot5t relation4 ,! ,doctr9e 
( ,signatures 0 a quasi-sci5tific       
organisation ( ?is bran* ( folk-lore4   
,turm]ic has a brilliant yell[ col\r1   
:i* indicates t x has ! p[] ( cur+      
jaundice2 = ! same reason1 poppies mu/  
relieve diseases ( ! head1 to take a    
c\ple ( in/ances f ! ,ph>macologia (    
,dr4 ,p>is 7p4 #dc74 ,! anci5t ,romans  
:o sub/itut$ an (f]+ ( poppy-heads = a  
sacrifice ( human be+s 7 n practis+ a   
*ildi% *eat on ! gods3 on all s\nd      
pr9ciples ( folk-lore !y 7 (f]+ a       
p]fectly valid equival5t4  ,:5 !n we f9d
 ,porphyry1 9 8 life ( ,py?agoras 7     
#dc71 say+ t ,py?agoras bade 8 foll[]s  

ab/a9 f beans z f human fle%1 we may    
reasonably inf] t beans 7 reg>d$1 9 !   
folk-lore ( ! day1 z resembl+ "s "p ( ! 
human body1 & z hav+ a my/]i\s aff9ity )
 x4 ,?is conjecture receives "s support 
f ! fact t1 :]eas ,porphyry expla9s all 
! o!r symbols z allegorical /atem5ts (  
v>i\s moral & civic duties1 he expla9s  
?is by a piece ( folk-lore ( ! same k9d 
z ! mod]n popul> belief t a hair kept 9 
wat] w turn into an eel4 ,! exact "p ( !
 body to :i* beans 7 suppos$ to be> a   
resemblance may be difficult at ?is     
di/ance ( "t to det]m9e4 ,! passage 9   
,porphyry gives "s h9ts4#ie  ,a m       
int]e/+ fact is t1 accord+ to ,h]odotus1
 ii4 #cg1 ! ,egyptians _h ! same av]sion
 to eat+ beans1 & t ,egyptian prie/s    
might n ev5 look at a bean1 s unclean 0 
x consid]$4 ,f ?is passage x is usually 
inf]r$ t ,py?agoras obta9$ ?is piece ( 8
 doctr9e f ! ,egyptians2 & ,v4 ,d4 ,l9k 
7,die ,urwelt1 #bbe7 s\ght to support ! 
inf]5ce by ! sugge/ion t ! prohibition  
orig9ally _h ref]5ce to ! sacr$         

,egyptian bean1 & 0 subsequ5tly ext5d$  
to ! common bean 7faba vulg>is74 ,pursu+
 ?is l9e ( ?\ght1 we are at once /ruck  
by ! fact t ! sacr$ ,egyptian bean      
7nelumbium speciosum7 is a lotus2 & !   
lotus1 bo? z a plant & z a symbol1#if   
c>ries our ?\ghts to ,india4 ,we ?us    
seem to see a piece ( folk-lore migrat+1
 along ) ! plant to :i* x 0 atta*$1 f   
,india to ,egypt1 f ,egypt to ,europe4  
,b :5 did ?is int]e/+ migration take    
place8 ,! prohibition 0 kn[n pretty e>ly
 9 ,sicily1 = x makes its appe>ance 9 ! 
fragm5ts ( ,emp$ocles1 :o 0 born at     
,agrig5tum1 ,b4,c4 #dij4 ,we c1 h[ev]1  
trace x back mu* e>li] 9 ,italy4 ,!re x 
dates f pre-hi/oric times1 = x 0 "o ( ! 
taboos laid ^u ! flam5 ,dialis4 ,& !    
idea t beans 7 human fle% is impli$ 9 ! 
"p :i* !y play$ 9 ! fun]al c]emonies ( !
 primitive ,italians4 ,t "p is rem>kably
 int]e/+4 ,plut>* tells u t ! solemne   
supp]s & bankets at fun]als = ! dead 7  
usually s]v$ ) pulse above all o!r vi&s4
 ,?is is a /range contra/ to ! av]sion  

%[n o!rwise = eat+ beans1 & x cries al\d
 = explanation4  ,mr4 ,e4 ,s4 ,h>tl&1 9 
,folk ,lore1 ,,iii4 ii41 has put =w>d ! 
!ory t ! practice ( s9-eat+ is !        
trans=m$ survival ( a savage cu/om (    
eat+ deceas$ k9sm54 ,ev5 ^? :o diss5t f 
8 conclusion w n be able to d5y t !     
cu/om does exi/ among savages1 & t !    
object ( cannibalism is to secure to !  
eat] ! c\rage1 cunn+1 /r5g?1 c41 ( !    
p]son eat52 nor w x be d5i$ t on ! fir/ 
movem5t f savag]y a t5d5cy w\ld manife/ 
itself to sub/itute = ! corpse any?+    
:i*1 accord+ to ! canons ( savage logic1
 might be reg>d$ z an equival5t         
sub/itute4 ,! ,italians1 reg>d+ beans z 
human fle%1 might1 we may conjecture1   
sub/itute beans2 z ! ,bav>ian peasant   
sub/itutes ,lei*5-nudeln4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 
we c reg>d ?is z any?+ m ?an a guess1 we
 want pro( t ! ,italians did really look
 ^u ! beans :i* !y ate at fun]al fea/s z
 repres5tative ( ! deceas$4 ,t pro( is  
=?com+1 ,i submit1 9 ! belief m5tion$ by
 ,pl9y 7,n4 ,h41 xviii4 #cj4 #b7 t ! _s 

( ! deceas$ 0 9 ! bean 7mortuorum anim  
s9t 9 ea1 i4e41 9 ! faba74 ,& inasmu* z 
! law =bade !m t w\ld be *a/e to eat    
pulse1 x seems probable t ! object (    
eat+ beans at fun]al banquets 0 to      
convey ! propagat+ p[]s ( ! deceas$ to 8
 k9sm54  ,if !n ! sup]/ition ab\t ! bean
 0 borr[$ by ! ,italians1 x mu/ h be5   
borr[$ 9 primitive times2 & we mu/ ?9k t
 ! belief rea*$ ! ,italians at ! same "t
 z ! cultivation ( ! bean itself spread 
f its orig9al 7unkn[n7 home4 ,b1 if we  
may tru/ comp>ative philology1 ! bean 0 
probably kn[n to ! ,european ,aryans    
be=e !y divid$ into sep>ate peoples1 su*
 z ,slavs1 ,italians1 c4 ,& ?us we c    
cat* glimpses ( ?is piece ( folk-lore on
 its travels 9 pro-e?nic times4 ,b ?is1 
,i confess1 ,i f9d x r h>d to believe4  
,( c\rse1 if !re 7 *annels (            
communication by :i* ! plant itself c\ld
 travel 9 t "t long pa/1 !n by ^? same  
*annels ! sup]/ition might be convey$4  
,b on ! o!r h&1 if "o p c\ld see a      
resemblance betwe5 ! bean & "s "p ( !   

human body1 s might ano!r4 ,we d n      
imag9e t because "s ( ! taboos laid on !
 ,mikado 7 ! same z "s laid on ! flam5  
,dialis1 !y 7 !re=e borr[$4 ,:y1 !n1    
%\ld we resort to ! hypo!sis ( borr[+ to
 acc\nt = ! fact ! flam5 ( pre-hi/oric  
times 0 =bidd51 exactly 9 ! same way z !
 prie/s ( anci5t ,egypt1 to see or "n a 
bean8  ,folk-lori/s w naturally inquire 
:e!r any traces ( ! conceptions & cu/oms
 we h be5 exam9+ c be f\nd 9            
fairy-tales4  ,i may !re=e conclude by  
po9t+ out t 9 a ,li?uanian tale1 publi%$
 & translat$ into ,g]man 9 ! ,litauis*e 
,volksli$] und ,mr*5 ( ,a4 ,leski5 & ,k4
 ,brugman 7p4 #bjb & p4 #dga71 ! bean   
has ! same signature z x _h 9 anci5t    
,italy4 ,ano!r /ory 9 ! same collection 
7pp4 #cfc-cga & #dij-did7 %\ld also be  
notic$ "h3 a maid5 is giv5 ! he>t ( a   
dead man to eat1 & two h\rs aft]w>ds %e 
bore a son1 :o c\ld speak & run ! mom5t 
he 0 born4   ,,xi4 ,,aryan ,,m>riage4   
,9 ! ,romane ,que/ions#ig ,plut>* has   
pres]v$ = u v>i\s m>riage cu/oms1 :i*   

raise ! :ole "q1 n p]haps ( human       
m>riage1 b c]ta9ly ( ,aryan m>riage4    
,has mon&ry always be5 ! prevail+ =m    
among ! ,aryan-speak+ peoples8 ,among ^?
 peoples has ! family1 z f> z we c see  
or guess1 f ! beg9n+ be5 patri>*al &    
agnatic8  ,z a />t+-po9t = ! discussion 
( ?is "q1 two propositions may be laid  
d[n z broadly true4 ,! fir/ is1 t at "s 
p]iod or o!r1 all ,aryans h be5 9 !     
habit ( obta9+ _! wives 7or "s ( _!     
wives7 by capture & by pur*ase4 ,?is    
fact may ultimately imply sc>city (     
native wom51 female infanticide1        
poly&ry1 & k9%ip ?r\gh ! female l9e2 or 
x may prove to be p]fectly compatible ) 
a patri>*al & agnatic sy/em4 ,b x is a  
fact1 & a fact ( ! fir/ importance = ?is
 discussion4 ,! second proposition t may
 safely be made is1 t 9 hi/orical times 
at lea/1 ! patri>*al =m ( family has    
always be5 ! prevail+ =m among/ ,aryan  
nations4 ,! exceptions may be real1 or  
!y may be due to faulty obs]vation2 !y  
may be ( ! highe/ importance1 z be+ !   

sole indications ( a prior & v diff]5t  
=m ( family life1 or !y may be m]ely    
local1 transi5t dep>tures f ! normal    
patri>*al =m1 & s be insignificant or   
deceptive2 b 9 any case1 !y are         
relatively s few z to leave x a         
practically true /atem5t to say t !     
patri>*al family has be5 normal among ! 
,aryans 9 hi/oric times4  ,! evid5ce ( !
 exi/5ce ( m>riage by capture is furni%$
 by folk-lore4 ,x is n necess>y1 nor is 
?is ! place to review t evid5ce2 b !    
survivals ( ?is =m ( m>riage :i* are    
record$ 9 ! ,romane ,que/ions mu/ be    
m5tion$4 ,! ,romans1 ,plut>* says 7,r4  
,q41 #bi71 w\ld n p]mit ! new w$d$ bride
 to passe ( h]self ov] ! door-sill or   
?re%old1 :5 %e is br\ght home to h]     
husb&'s h\se1 b !y t accompanie h] mu/  
lift h] up betwe5 !m f ! gr\nd1 & s     
convey h] 94#ih ,t ! ,romans !mselves 7 
dimly consci\s ( ! real orig9 ( ?is     
cu/om is impli$ 9 ! fir/ solution       
sugge/$ by ,plut>*1 viz41 t ! c]emony 0 
9 remembrance ( ^? fir/ wives :om !y    

ravi%$ p]=ce f ! ,sab9es2 & ,rossba*1 9 
8 great "w on ,roman m>riage1#ii sees 9 
! cu/om a survival f times :5 ! bride1  
captur$ by =ce1 0 convey$ aga9/ h] w    
into ! h\se 7or d57 ( h] captor4        
,p>allels to ! ,roman cu/om are to be   
f\nd else:]e4 ,among ! mod]n ,greeks !  
bride is lift$ ov] ! ?re%old1 z x w\ld  
be mo/ unlucky if %e t\*$ x 9           
cross+4#ajj ,x is ! mo/ important       
w$d+-gue/ among ! ,s]vians1#aja !       
bride's ne>e/ relation 9 ,lorra9e1#ajb  
:o c>ries h] 9 8 arms f ! waggon into h]
 new home4 ,among ! ,nor? ,frisians !   
bride-lift] 7bridlef/r7 is a regul>     
w$d+-(ficial4#ajc ,! c]emony seems to h 
be5 kn[n to ! anci5t ,h9doos also4#ajd  
,! ,f9ni%-,ugrians1 :e!r !y borr[$ or   
l5t1 or indep5d5tly develop$ ! cu/om1   
uni=mly practise x4#aje ,x is fur!r     
notewor?y t ! ,f9ni%-,ugrians agree ) ! 
,romans1 ! ,h9doos1 & ! ,russians 9 ?is1
 viz41 t ! bride is n only c>ri$ ov] !  
?re%old by "s ( ! bridal p>ty 7n by !   
bridegroom7 b is !n caus$ by !m to sit  

^u a fliece ( wooll4#ajf ,! mean+ &     
object ( ?is /range proce$+ 7 q unkn[n  
to ! ,romans1 :o practis$ x 9 ,plut>*'s 
"t1 z !y are to ! ,f9ni%-,ugrians &     
,russians :o /ill obs]ve ! cu/om4       
,rossba* rightly comp>es ! anci5t ,roman
 cu/om ( mak+ ! flam5 & flam9ica1 :5    
m>ri$ p] f>reationem1 sit ^u ! fleece ( 
! %eep t 0 slaught]$ dur+ ! w$d+        
c]emonies2#ajg he !n ref]s to ! ,roman  
practice ( sitt+ = a %ort "t aft] pray] 
9 sil5t m$itation1 & ?is he ?9ks expla9s
 ! cu/om 9 "q4 ,b surely x leaves       
unexpla9$ j t :i* requires explanation4 
,grant$1 t ! ,romans %[$ m rev]5ce ?an1 
say ! ,scots :om ,dr4 ,boyd c rememb]2  
/ill1 are we to imag9e !m s rapt into ! 
m9d's int]nal heav5 t !y c\ld sit d[n 9 
! grease & ! gore ( a fre%ly-slaught]$  
%eep's fell1 nor he$ nor see :at ?+s ^! 
be8 ,:y did !y n sit d[n some:]e else8  
,a possible answ] to ?is "q may be f\nd 
9 ! foll[+ consid]ations4 ,_m savages   
consid] !mselves peculi>ly liable on _! 
w$d+-day to ! attacks ( evil spirits4 ,!

 ,h9doos & ! ,f9ni%-,ugrians unanim\sly 
reg>d ! seat+ ( ! bride on ! fleece z ! 
"r "t = exorcis+ evil spirits & purify+ 
! bride3 ! ,h9doos recite an            
incantation1 ! ,e/honians cla% dagg]s   
ov] h] head1 = iron is g5]ally dread$ by
 spirits4 ,x is1 !re=e1 an easy inf]5ce 
t ! fleece itself _h purificatory p[]s2 
&1 z a matt] ( fact1 we f9d t ! ,greeks1
 at any rate1 reg>d$ a %eepsk9 9 ?is    
light1 = 9 ! prelim9>y c]emonies ( !    
,eleus9ia 0 a purificatory rite :i* 0   
kn[n z ! ,zeus-fleece4#ajh ,9 !         
collection ( ! ,htel ,lamb]t#aji is a   
r$-figur$ vase be>+ a repres5tation (   
?is rite1 9 :i* ! p]son purifi$ is      
repres5t$ z cr\*+ on ! fleece4  ,9 days 
:5 m>riage by capture 0 real1 & n m]ely 
symbolical1 x 0 highly important t a    
/range woman %\ld1 imm$iately on ent]+ !
 h\se1 be1 s to speak1 spiritually      
dis9fect$1 le/ %e %\ld introduce        
unwelcome spirits into h] new home2 or1 
9 ! intimate relations :i* 7 to subsi/  
betwe5 h] & h] captor1#aaj %\ld br+ him 

into ! p[] ( /range & ho/ile gods4 ,h5ce
 ! close adhesion ( ! c]emony ( !       
fleece1 long aft] its mean+ 0 =gott51 to
 t ( lift+ ! bride ov] ! ?re%old4  ,b x 
0 necess>y n m]ely to deta* ! /range    
woman f h] own gods1 %e mu/ also be     
introduc$ to ! gods ( h] new home4 ,?is 
introduction surviv$ 9 ! ,roman cu/om1  
:]eby new w$d$ wives are bidd5 to t\*   
fire & wat] 7,r4 ,q4 #a74aaa ,t ?is     
cu/om goes back to ! "t :5 wives 7      
captur$ is indicat$ by ! words are      
bidd53 ! =ce :i* 0 at fir/ necess>ily   
us$ survives 9 ?is g5tle compulsion4    
,p>allels to ?is cu/om are =?com+3 !    
,h9doo bride1 accord+ to ! ,kuikastra   
7#gg4 #af71 0 l$ ?rice r\nd ! he>? 9 !  
bridegroom's h\se4 ,exactly ! same      
c]emony n only 0 practis$ by ! anci5t   
,teutons1 b is /ill obs]v$ 9 "s places 9
 ,nor? ,g]many & 9 ,we/phalia4#aab ,!   
,e/honians & ,wotjaks /ill hon\r !      
cu/om4#aac ,! fir/ ?+ a ,s]vian bride   
has to d on ent]+ h] new home is to m5d 
! fire1#aad & 9 anci5t ,greece %e 0 tak5

 at once to ! he>?4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said
 t ! he>? is ! abode ( ! h\se-_s & !    
c5tre ( ! family wor%ip4 ,at ,rome1 we  
f9d f ,fe/us1#aae ! bride 0 also spr9kl$
 ) wat]4 ,9 ,s>d9ia1#aaf h] "m-9-law    
empties a glass ( wat] ov] h]4 ,among/ !
 anci5t ,h9doos#aag ?is 0 ! bridegroom's
 duty2 ) ! ,s]vians x is ! function ( ! 
,djew]4#aah ,t ?is spr9kl+ 0 orig9ally  
an introduction ( ! /range woman to !   
local wat]-_s seems indicat$ by ! fact t
 among/ ! ,s]vians ! spr9kl+ is p]=m$ at
 ! well1 9 ! ,unt]kra9 at ! burn1#aai 9 
,albania#abj at ! village-spr+1 :ile 9  
mod]n ,greece ! bride ca/s (f]+s into ! 
spr+4#aba  ,! conv5tionally extravagant 
lam5tation :i* 0 requir$ ( ! ,roman     
bride#abb is reg>d$ by ,rossba* 7p4     
#cbi7 z a survival ( m>riage by capture1
 & may be p>allel$ among/ _m ,aryan     
nations3 ) ! ,h9doos x 0 "p ( !         
(ficially prescrib$ programme2#abc 9 !  
,ob]pfalz x is obligatory2 9 ,bohemia & 
9 ,russia x is requir$ by public        
op9ion4#abd  ,! evid5ce ( folk-lore 7s  

f> z x is call$ = by ! ,romane          
,que/ions7 t ! ,aryans obta9$ wives by  
captur+ ! wom5 ( o!r h\seholds or family
 gr\ps ?an _! own1 has n[ be5 /at$4 ,x  
does n suffice to %[ t an ,aryan 0      
=bidd5 to m>ry a woman ( 8 own h\sehold2
 b a wid] survey ( e>ly ,aryan          
w$d+-cu/oms w\ld br+ out ?is important  
fact1 t h[ev] o!r p>ts ( ! c]emony v>y1 
!re is "o :i* is always pres5t1 & :i*   
may be reg>d$ z ess5tial--t is ! domum  
d$uctio1 ! br++-home ( ! bride2 & f ?is 
fact we may fairly draw ! conclusion t  
normally1 &--s /rong is cu/om--probably 
uni=mly1 ! bride & ! bridegroom belong$ 
to diff]5t h\seholds1 & t ! bride came  
to live 9 ! home ( ! bridegroom4        
,m>riage by pur*ase does n happ5 to be  
m5tion$ 9 ! ,romane ,que/ions1 nor is x 
necess>y to prove :at is univ]sally     
admitt$4 ,all t ne$ be rem>k$ "h is t   
pur*ase 0 n necess>ily prec$$ by a /ate 
( ?+s 9 :i* capture prevail$2 frequ5tly 
x may h be5 a peaceable rem$y = !       
grievances caus$ by capture1 b q z (t5 x

 may h be5 practis$ side by side )      
capture f ! beg9n+4 ,fur!r1 ! pur*ase1 l
 ! capture1 ( wives implies t husb& &   
wife belong$ to diff]5t h\seholds2 &    
pur*ase indicates t ! wife ?us b\ght 0 !
 prop]ty ( ! husb&1 or at lea/ t %e 0   
subject to him4  ,let u n[ turn to !    
evid5ce %[+ t ! family 0 patri>*al &    
agnatic4 ,! evid5ce is furni%$ by !     
comp>ative /udy ( law1 especially ! law 
regulat+ ! ord] 9 :i* ! relatives ( a   
dead man %all succe$ to 8 prop]ty4 ,!   
ord] ( succession prescrib$ by ! e>lie/ 
legal codes is /rik+ly simil> among all 
! ,aryan peoples2 fir/1 ! deceas$'s male
 desc5dants to ! ?ird g5]ation 78 sons1 
gr&sons1 & great-gr&sons72 next1 ! male 
desc5dants ( ! deceas$'s fa!r to ! ?ird 
g5]ation 7i4e41 ! deceas$'s bro!rs1     
nephews1 & gr&-nephews72 !n ! male      
desc5dants ( ! deceas$'s gr&fa!r to !   
?ird g5]ation 7i4e41 8 uncles1 c\s9s1 & 
_! *ildr572 & f9ally1 ! male desc5dants 
( 8 great-gr&fa!r to ! ?ird g5]ation    
7i4e41 8 great-uncles1 8 fir/ c\s9s once

 remov$1 & 8 second c\s9s once remov$74 
,beyond ^! degrees1 k9 0 n c\nt$2 & if  
no heir 7 =?com+ )9 !m1 ! prop]ty w5t1  
among/ ! ,h9doos1 to ^? ( ! same "n z ! 
deceas$2 among/ ! ,romans1 to ! memb]s (
 8 g5s2 9 ,crete1 to ! village          
community4 ,:at is ! orig9 ( ?is        
unanim\s & well-m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 ! 
,ne> & ! ,remote ,k98 ,:y 7 ! an*i/eis1 
! ne>e/ relations1 z ! ,greeks          
te*nically nam$ !m1 s %>ply di/+ui%$ f !
 o!rs8  ,to beg9 )1 x is cle> t !       
di/9ction1 be+ common to all ! ,aryans1 
0 n develop$ subsequ5tly to _!          
disp]sion1 b is pre-hi/oric--inde$1     
pro-e?nic4 ,h5ce x foll[s t ! di/9ction 
0 n ! "w ( any legislator or ( any      
individual2 x c\ld n h be5 a law enact$ 
by a lawgiv] & en=c$ by ! ,/ate "u pa9s 
& p5alties1 = ! simple reason t !       
,aryans1 previ\s to _! disp]sion1 7 n   
organis$ into a ,/ate1 & _h no gov]nm5t 
to issue or execute laws4 ,b be=e ,law1 
,cu/om 01 & ,k9 & ,cu/om g toge!r &     
imply ea* o!r1 z d ,law & ,/ate4 ,law is

 ! enactm5t ( ! ,/ate--,cu/om is ! habit
 ( ! ,k94 ,& z ,cu/om prec$es ,law1 s ! 
,/ate is prec$$ by k9 or sib            
associations4 ,! e>lie/ =m ( ! ,/ate is 
modell$ on t ( ! sib associations out ( 
:i* x is develop$1 & ! fir/ laws        
promulgat$ by ! ,/ate are b ! old cu/oms
 committ$ to writ+4#abe  ,9 :at         
pro-e?nic ,aryan cu/om1 !n1 are we to   
seek ! orig9 ( ! cle> & deep-cut l9e    
betwe5 ! ,ne> & ! ,remote ,k98 ,! answ] 
is furni%$ by :at is kn[n among !       
,slavonians z ! h\se community1 & to    
,anglo-,indian lawy]s z ! jo9t undivid$ 
family4 ,z x exi/s n[ 9 ,india1 ! jo9t  
undivid$ family consi/s1 or may consi/1 
( ! sons1 gr&sons1 & great-gr&sons ( a  
man 7deceas$71 :o1 on ! dea? ( _! common
 ance/or1 d n sep>ate1 b cont9ue to live
 on ! undivid$ e/ate & wor%ip _! deceas$
 ance/or z _! h\se-_s4 ,! family1 z     
def9$ by ! ,judicial ,committee ( !     
,privy ,c\ncil1#abf is jo9t 9 food1     
wor%ip1 & e/ate4  ,n[1 ! relatives :om !
 e>lie/ ,aryan codes1 ! laws ( ! ,twelve

 ,tables1 ! laws ( ,solon1 ( ,m5u1 !    
,gortyn ,code1 c41 specify z a man's    
heirs-at-law are 9 e case precisely ^?  
relatives :o belong$1 or might at "s "t 
h belong$1 to ! same jo9t undivid$      
family z ! deceas$4 ,x is wor? :ile to  
note t at diff]5t times a man might     
belong to f\r diff]5t jo9t undivid$     
families3 he might be born into a family
 :i* /ill unit$ 9 wor%ipp+ ! _s ( 8     
great-gr&fa!r3 & ?us 8 c\s9s1 8 fir/    
c\s9s once remov$1 & 8 second c\s9s once
 remov$1 w\ld dwell 9 ! same h\sehold ) 
him4 ,8 gr&fa!r might !n die & become a 
h\se-_s3 9 t ev5t1 8 gr&-uncle 7&       
desc5dants7 w\ld h to set up a family ( 
8 own1 = !y only c belong to a jo9t     
undivid$ family :o are desc5d$ f a      
common h\se-fa!r4 ,n[1 my gr&-uncle1 be+
 ! bro!r ( my gr&fa!r1 is n desc5d$ f my
 gr&fa!r1 !re=e _c wor%ip 8 _s1 !re=e _c
 belong to ! jo9t undivid$ family :i*   
wor%ips my gr&fa!r's _s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !
 family1 ( :i* my 7deceas$7 gr&fa!r is !
 h\se-_s1 includes my gr&fa!r's         

desc5dants to ! ?ird g5]ation1 i4e41    
includes n only my c\s9s1 b also _!     
sons4 ,?is 7c\s9s' sons7 is ! limit ( ! 
second jo9t undivid$ family to :i* x is 
possible = a man to belong4 ,?irdly1 :5 
my fa!r becomes a h\se-_s1 & is wor%ipp$
 by 8 *ildr5's *ildr51 ,i dwell 9 ! same
 h\sehold z my nephews & gr&-nephews4   
,f9ally1 :5 ,i am ga!r$ to my fa!rs1 ,i 
dwell1 9 ! _s1 ) my sons1 gr&sons1 &    
great-gr&sons4  ,"h we obvi\sly h ! key 
to ! ord] ( succession prescrib$ by !   
e>lie/ ,aryan codes3 my own desc5dants  
7if any7 are call$ fir/1 because !y     
con/itute ! jo9t undivid$ family1 ) :i*1
 at ! "t ( dy+1 ,i am presumably dwell+4
 ,my fa!r's desc5dants come next1       
because t 0 ! family ,i _h previ\sly    
belong$ to2 & on ! same pr9ciple my     
gr&fa!r's desc5dants1 & !n ^? ( my      
great-gr&fa!r 7 call$4  ,s long z ! jo9t
 undivid$ family 0 a liv+ in/itution1 s 
long !re 0 no ne$ 7z !re 0 no ?\ght7 (  
specify+ :o a man's heirs 71 & s long a 
man c\ld be 9 no d\bt z to :o 8 ,ne> ,k9

 7--!y 7 ^? :o _h be5 br\ght up 9 ! same
 family z himself4 ,x 0 only :5 ?is     
unwieldy =m ( family came to be         
dis9tegrat$ by ! advance ( civilisation 
t x became necess>y to specify ! ord] ( 
succession1 & to det]m9e :o 7 a man's   
,ne> ,k92 &1 z we h se51 ! e>lie/ laws  
on ?is subject are b ! old cu/oms r$uc$ 
to writ+4  ,two facts ( importance 9 !  
hi/ory ( ,aryan m>riage h n[ be5 %[n4 ,!
 fir/1 inf]r$ f ! domum d$uctio & f !   
exi/5ce ( m>riage by capture & by       
pur*ase1 is t among/ ! undisp]s$ ,aryans
 a man cu/om>ily ab/a9$ f m>ry+ a woman 
belong+ to 8 own family gr\p4 ,! second 
is t ! family gr\ps 9 :i* ! ,aryans     
liv$1 if n orig9ally1 c]ta9ly = "s "t   
be=e _! disp]sion1 7 jo9t undivid$      
families4 ,! ,aryan 0 av]se to m>ry+    
wom5 ( 8 ,ne> ,k92 ! difficult "q n[    
arises1 :e!r he 0 equally av]se to m>ry+
 into 8 ,remote ,k98 ,! prohibit$       
degrees ( hi/oric times d n help u mu* 9
 answ]+ ?is "q4 ,! ,a!nians _h lo/ !    
,aryan av]sion to m>riages )9 ! ne> k93 

!y m>ri$ _! c\s9s1 & ev5 half-si/]s4    
,!re is no evid5ce to %[ t ! ,romans ev]
 ab/a9$ f m>ry+ _! ,remote ,k94 ,rossba*
 ma9ta9s t ! prohibition ext5d$ only to 
fir/ c\s9s2 ,kl5ze1 ,walt]1 ,bur*>dy1   
,gttl+1 & ,g]la* make x g z f> z !      
extreme limit ( ! ,ne> ,k91 i4e41 to    
second c\s9s once remov$--no writ] on   
,roman law or m>riage supports a wid]   
prohibition2 & ! jus osculi#abg 7:i*1 by
 ! way1 0 accord$ by m5 to m5 z well z  
by wom5 to m57 ext5d$ only to ! ne> k94 
,! ,h9doos1 aga91 7 av]se to m>riage    
betwe5 any p]sons ( ! same "n4  ,does ! 
,h9doo sy/em come d[n f pro-e?nic times1
 or is x a developm5t peculi> among     
,aryan nations to ! ,h9doos8 ,_m savages
 h a mu* wid] circle ( prohibit$ degrees
 ?an civilis$ peoples possess1 & among/ 
civilis$ peoples !mselves ! numb] (     
prohibit$ degrees has ev5 9 hi/oric     
times dim9i%$4 ,we ?us seem to get a    
sort ( law ( dim9i%+ degrees1 :i* w\ld  
po9t to ! ,h9doo sy/em z t :i* 0 kn[n to
 ! pro-e?nic ,aryans4 ,b ?\gh "s savages

 h m prohibit$ degrees ?an civilis$ m5  
h1 o!r savages h few or none4 ,! d[nw>d 
movem5t1 !re=e1 f ! maximum to ! m9imum 
numb] ( prohibit$ degrees :i* is        
obs]vable 9 hi/oric times mu/ h be5     
prec$$ 9 pre-hi/oric ages by an upw>d   
movem5t f ! m9imum to ! maximum2 &1 z f>
 z ! evid5ce at pres5t goes1 ?\gh !     
upw>d movem5t may1 9 pro-e?nic times1 h 
proce$$ z f> z ! ,remote ,k91 x may     
equally well only h rea*$ to ! limits ( 
! ,ne> ,k92 :ile1 aft] ! ,aryan         
disp]sion1 ! movem5t may h cont9u$      
upw>ds among/ ! ,h9doos1 d[nw>ds among/ 
! ,a!nians1 &1 = a long "t1 h ceas$ to  
move 9 any direction among/ !           
cons]vative ,romans4  ,a m important    
po9t to notice is t1 if we believe !    
,h9doo sy/em to date f pro-e?nic times1 
we mu/ also assume t ! ,h9doo sy/em (   
nam+ is pro-e?nic1 i4e41 we mu/ assume t
 ea* ,aryan _h two names1 "o di/+ui%+   
him p]sonally f o!r p1 ! o!r indicat+   
:at k9 he belong$ to2 & 9 ?is ev5t1 !   
,ne> & ! ,remote ,k9 mu/1 9 pro-e?nic   

times1 h _h a common "n4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1
 v little evid5ce to %[ t ?is 0 ! case3 
g5tile names are f\nd among ! ,h9doos & 
! ,romans alone ( ,aryan peoples4 ,x is1
 ( c\rse1 possible t1 be=e ! disp]sion1 
! ,aryans _h g5tile names1 & t1 aft] !  
disp]sion1 all ! ,aryans1 ) ! exception 
( ! ,romans & ! ,h9doos1 lo/ !m         
entirely4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if !re 0 a "t :5
 g5tile names _h n yet be5 inv5t$1 if !y
 h _h a hi/ory & gr[?1 we mu/ consid] x 
z at lea/ possible t g5tile names _h n  
be5 evolv$ at ! "t ( ! disp]sion1 & 7   
only develop$ subsequ5tly by ! ,romans &
 ,h9doos4  ,:e!r ! undisp]s$ ,aryans _h 
g5tile names1 & at ! same "t an av]sion 
to m>riages betwe5 p]sons ( ! same "n1  
is a "q on :i* x 7 va9 to pron\nce      
confid5tly4 ,we may m safely consid] bo?
 ^! equally possible alt]natives1 toge!r
 ) ! consequ5ces :i* fl[ f ea*4 ,let u  
assume t m>riage 01 among/ ! ,aryans z  
among/ ! ,h9doos1 prohibit$ betwe5      
p]sons ( ! same g5tile "n3 is !re any?+ 
9 ! social organisation presuppos$ by   

?is prohibition incompatible ) !        
patri>*al sy/em8 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,d4   
,m#8,l5nan !re is3 n only are !re num]\s
 societies ( :i* ! patri>*al !ory does n
 ev5 attempt to give any acc\nt1 b 9 !  
societies ^u contemplation ( :i* x 0    
=m$1 a mo/ s]i\s difficulty = x is      
pres5t$ by ! tribes1 :i* consi/ ( sev]al
 clans1 ea* clan consid]$ sep>ate 9     
blood f all ! o!rs4 ,! patri>*al !ory1 (
 c\rse1 involves t ! clans are all ( !  
same blood4#abh ,mr4 ,m#8,l5nan's       
difficulty seems to be ?is3 :]e         
inh]itance 7( family "n1 prop]ty1 sacra1
 c47 is conf9$ to ! male l9e1 !         
desc5dants ( a common ance/or mu/ all h 
! same family or g5tile "n2 p]sons hav+ 
diff]5t names _c be desc5d$ f ! same    
ance/or--t is to say1 diff]5t g5tes or  
clans _c h a common orig94 ,a tribe1    
!re=e1 :i* consi/s ( sev]al clans _c    
consi/ ( desc5dants ( a common ance/or4 
,yet1 ^! clans believe !y h an ance/or1 
h[ev] remote1 9 common4 ,if _! belief is
 incorrect 7if ! g5tes h n a common     

orig971 h[ did ! error arise8 ,if1 on ! 
o!r h&1 ! diff]5t g5tes ( ! same tribe h
 a common orig91 h[ came !y to h diff]5t
 names8  ,! s\rce ( ?is difficulty      
pla9ly is ! assumption t ! orig9al      
ance/or ( ! tribe _h a family "n1 :i* 0 
inh]it$ by all 8 desc5dants4 ,x is      
impossible to disprove or to prove ?is  
assumption4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 note t !    
,teutons 7accord+ to ,dr4 ,taylor#abi7  
rejoic$ 9 only "o "n a-piece4 ,an       
,a!nian add$ to 8 own "n 8 fa!r's4      
,&--to set assumption aga9/             
assumption--we may conjecture t z       
patronymics are =m$ f p]sonal names1 s  
g5tile names 7 develop$ out (           
patronymics4 ,at fir/1 a man's sons bore
 no?+ 9 _! names to indicate f :at fa!r 
!y 7 sprung4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ! sons (     
,an*ises 7 kn[n z ,an*isiad2 & z long z 
! family gr\p consi/$ only ( p>5ts &    
*ildr51 ?is sy/em ( nom5clature w\ld    
suffice4 ,x might ev5 cont9ue into times
 :5 ! family gr\p includ$ ?ree          
g5]ations3 ,iulus1 z well z 8 fa!r1     

neas1 might be an ,an*isiades4 ,& "h we 
may note t if all ! memb]s ( a jo9t     
undivid$ family bore ! surname          
,an*isiades1 an av]sion to m>riage 9 !  
ne> k9 w\ld =bid ! m>riage ( any two    
,an*isiad4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ow+ to natural   
gr[?1 ! jo9t undivid$ family ( ,an*ises 
becomes s l>ge t x is necess>y = 8 y\ng]
 7m>ri$7 sons to g out into ! _w & />t  
jo9t undivid$ families ( _! own1 leav+  
neas & 8 *ildr5 9 possession ( ! old    
home1 x is obvi\s t p]sons :o once _h   
belong$ to ! same jo9t undivid$ family1 
& !re=e _h possess$ ! same family "n1 & 
_h be5 prohibit$ to int]m>ry1 w\ld n[   
belong to diff]5t families1 & 7be+ nam$ 
aft] ! respective h\se-fa!rs ( ! newly  
=m$ families7 w\ld h diff]5t            
patronymics1 & w\ld be all[$ to m>ry    
p]sons :om previ\sly !y 7 =bidd5 to w$4 
,9 ^! circum/ances an ext5sion bo? (    
prohibit$ degrees & ( ! family "n might 
v naturally be ! ultimate result4       
,iulus1 :o = ye>s _h wor%ipp$ ,an*ises z
 h\se-_s1 & _h consequ5tly be5 an       

,an*isiades1 might1 :5 neas became 8    
h\se-_s1 come to be kn[n z an nades1 b  
on ! o!r h& ! old patronymic might /ick 
to him & to 8 *ildr5 = ev]4 ,9 ! same   
way1 ! av]sion to m>ry+ wom5 :o belong$ 
to ! same jo9t undivid$ family might    
cease :5 !y ceas$ to belong to ! same   
family1 b x might cont9ue4 ,h5ce a      
cont9ual t5d5cy to ext5d ! family "n1 & 
to enl>ge ! numb] ( prohibit$ degrees4  
,! transition f ! sy/em ( nam+ by       
patronymics to t ( g5tile names w\ld n  
be made 9 a day or 9 a g5]ation1 & dur+ 
! transition ! usage w\ld fluctuate3 !  
desc5dants ( neas might *oose to be kn[n
 z nad r ?an z ! sons ( ,an*ises1 :ile !
 *ildr5 ( neas' bro!rs might reta9 ! "n 
( ,an*isiad1 because _! fa!rs 7 less    
di/+ui%$ ?an _! gr&fa!r4 ,! p]iod ( ?is 
fluctuation 9 usage may be assum$ to h  
be5 long en\gh to all[ ( ! requisite    
div]sity ( g5tile names1 :ile ! fact t !
 numb] ( g5tes is always fix$1 h[ev] f> 
back !y c be hi/orically trac$1 %[s t ! 
fluctuation at la/ h>d5$ into unyield+  

cu/om4  ,x 0 po9t$ out 9 ! la/ p>agraph 
b "o t second c\s9s once remov$ 7!      
great-gr&*ildr5 ( a common h\se-fa!r7   
might at "o "t belong to ! same jo9t    
undivid$ family1 & subsequ5tly to       
diff]5t families1 & t !y might wi% to   
cont9ue1 aft] _! sep>ation1 to consid]  
ea* o!r z relatives4 ,language af=d$ !m 
no means ( indicat+ _! relation%ip1 =   
!re 0 no ^w 9 ! orig9al ,aryan language 
= c\s91 mu* less = second c\s94 ,& be=e 
patronymics _h be5 /]eotyp$ into g5tile 
names1 x might seem t ! ,aryan sy/em (  
nam+ at t "t af=d$ no means ( b9d+ ^!   
relatives toge!r ei!r4 ,b a c]ta9       
,a!nian cu/om may p]haps be tak51 bo? z 
evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ! desire 9 "q1 & z
 an indication ( ! means tak5 = gratify+
 x4 ,at ,a!ns x 0 ! cu/om to "n a *ild  
aft] its gr&fa!r2 & if we assume ?is    
practice to h obta9$ 9 ,aryan times1 we 
h "h a ready means = indicat+ ! fact t  
second c\s9s are relat$ )\t ! aid ( a   
g5tile "n2 = if ,i & my fir/ c\s9 are   
bo? nam$ aft] our common gr&fa!r1 !n our

 *ildr5 7:o are second c\s9s once       
remov$7 w h ! same patronymic1 & !re=e w
 be relat$1 & !nce aga9 prohibit$ to    
m>ry4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by an       
imag9>y p$igree1 :i* w also s]ve to %[  
h[--:5 once patronymics1 su* z ,john's  
son1 became /]eotyp$ into true family or
 g5tile names1 su* z ,johnson--all !    
g5tes ( a tribe might be desc5d$ f a    
common ance/or4 ,?us3--                 
,john4                                  
,w1                                     
,john's son4                            
------------------------------------    
,john1                                  
,tom1               ,w's son4           
,w's son4                               
-----------------                       
----------------                        
,w1              ,h>ry1             ,w1 
,jack1       ,john's son4        ,john's
 son4        ,tom's son4       ,tom's   
son4                                    
--------        ---------        ------ 
---------                               

,john     ,frank     ,john      ,bill   
,tom     ,dick    ,tom     ,ri*>d       
,wilson4  ,wilson4 ,h>rison4 ,h>rison4  
,wilson4 ,wilson4 ,jackson4  ,jackson4  
,we may n[ sum up4 ,! olde/ =m ( family 
organisation hi/orically traceable      
among/ ! ,aryans is t ( ! jo9t undivid$ 
family4 ,! pro-e?nic ,aryans 7 probably 
av]se to m>riages betwe5 memb]s ( ! same
 jo9t undivid$ family4 ,!y may also h   
be5 av]se to m>riages betwe5 second     
c\s9s once remov$1 ev5 :5 ^? second     
c\s9s _h ceas$ to dwell 9 ! same jo9t   
h\sehold4 ,if s1 !n1 z language af=d$ no
 t]m ev5 = c\s9s1 ! memory ( !          
relation%ip may h be5 kept up 9 "o (    
?ree ways4 ,z ! memb]s ( a g5os at ,a!ns
 _h no common family "n1 & z !y 7       
notori\sly relat$1 n by blood1 b m]ely  
by ! possession ( a jo9t-wor%ip1 s      
among/ ! ,aryans a jo9t-wor%ip may h    
s]v$ z ! m>k ( k9%ip 7z x does among !  
,h9doos /ill74 ,or ! remote k9 may h be5
 enabl$ to claim k9dr$ by means ( a     
patronymic sy/em1 :i* surviv$ at ,a!ns4 

,or1 ?ird1 g5tile names may h be5       
develop$ out ( patronymics ev5 9        
pro-e?nic times1 9 :i* case m>riage w\ld
 be prohibit$1 z among/ ! ,h9doos1      
betwe5 all p]sons ( ! same family "n4   
,b !re is no?+ 9 ?is patri>*al          
organisation ( ! family & ( ! tribe :i* 
compels u to assume t x 0 evolv$ out (  
"s e>li] non-patri>*al =m ( family4 ,!  
w>rant = su* an assumption1 if to be    
f\nd1 mu/ be s\ght else:]e4 ,let u seek4
 ,analogy w n help u4 ,! patri>*al sy/em
 may1 else:]e 9 ! _w1 h be5 evolv$ out (
 ! matri>*ate2 b1 z ! late ,mr4         
,m#8,l5nan w>n$ u1 we may n assume t    
m>riage has ev]y:]e _h ! same hi/ory4 ,!
 wide/ survey ( ! v>i\s =ms ( human     
m>riage 7,we/]m>ck's7 t has yet be5 made
 w>rants no presumption 9 fav\r ( !     
priority ( ! matri>*ate4 ,if !          
matri>*ate 0 a pro-e?nic ,aryan         
in/itution1 x is on ,aryan gr\nd t      
traces ( x mu/ be discov]$4 ,su* traces 
are said to be disc]nible4  ,!re are    
traces among/ "s ,aryan peoples ( !     

levirate4 ,! levirate is said to        
indicate poly&ry1 & poly&ry to          
presuppose ! matri>*ate4 ,?is is a      
p]fectly legitimate l9e ( argum5t1 b    
be=e resort+ to poly&ry = an explanation
 ( ! ,aryan levirate1 x is wor? :ile to 
inquire :e!r !re is any?+ 9 kn[n ,aryan 
cu/oms capable ( supply+ an explanation4
 ,accord+ to ,aryan cu/om1 ! e/ate ( a  
man :o leaves no son passes to ! next ( 
k91 i4e41 8 bro!r1 or x may be a m      
di/ant relative4 ,if ! deceas$ leaves no
 son1 b a daught]1 !n accord+ to ,a!nian
 law1 accord+ to ! ,gortyn ,code1 &     
probably also accord+ to ,aryan cu/om1 !
 next ( k9 7:e!r bro!r or n7 mu/ n only 
take ! e/ate1 b also m>ry ! heiress1 if 
any 7:e!r wife or daught] ( ! deceas$74 
,accord+ to ! ,gortyn ,code1 if ! next (
 k9 is m>ri$1 he mu/ put away 8 wife2 if
 ! heiress is already m>ri$1 %e mu/     
leave h] husb&4 ,n[1 if ! obligation to 
raise up se$ to ! deceas$ ext5d$ only to
 8 bro!rs1 ! ,tibetan =m ( poly&ry w\ld 
af=d an explanation :i*1 :e!r correct or

 n1 w\ld1 at any rate1 acc\nt = all !   
facts4 ,b inasmu* z ! obligation is b9d+
 on all ! ne> k91 & ext5ds to ! daught] 
z well z ! wife ( ! deceas$1 x _c be    
expla9$ by ! hypo!sis ( ! ,tibetan =m ( 
poly&ry or any o!r =m %ort ( ince/ 9 e  
degree possible1 n only among/ ! memb]s 
( ! same jo9t undivid$ family1 b also ) 
! wom5 :o h m>ri$ out ( t family into "s
 o!r4 ,9 tru?1 s f> f mutt]re*t be+ !   
s\rce ( ! ,aryan cu/om1 t cu/om be>s on 
its face ! m>ks ( ! rude/ & mo/ savage  
application ( ! agnatic !ory4 ,!        
provisions ( ! ,gortyn ,code :i* require
 t ! next ( k9 %all m>ry ! heiress1 ev5 
if ! m>riage necessitate divorce on bo? 
sides1 %[ t ! "m 0 held absolutely      
incapable ( transmitt+ rights--only a   
k9sman c\ld d t4 ,a devotion to !       
pr9ciple ( agnation s /rong z to        
ov]-ride ! innate ,aryan av]sion to     
endogam\s m>riages1 s /rong ev5 9 ! days
 ( civilis$ ,a!ns z to af=d ! ,ore/es ( 
s*ylus ) ! def5ce t ! "m :om he _h kill$
 0 n ( 8 blood1 _c be expla9$ z a       

survival f times :5 k9%ip 0 c\nt$       
exclusively ?r\gh ! female l9e4 ,!      
savage practice mu/ h its roots 9 "s    
equally crude & savage !ory4 ,:at !     
,aryan !ory 0 we c h>dly hope to        
discov]1 b we may conjecture t x 0 at   
lea/ z b>b>\s z t :i* leads savages to  
eat _! dead k9sm51 & ,european peasants 
to eat corpse-cakes1 9 ! belief t !reby 
! virtues & advantages ( ! dep>t$ 444 & 
! liv+ /r5g? ( ! deceas$ pass$ ov] 444  
into ! k9sman :o consum$ !m1 & s 7      
reta9$ )9 ! k9dr$ 7,mr4 ,e4 ,s4 ,h>tl& 9
 ,folk ,lore1 ,,iii4 ii4 #adi74 ,!      
,lei*5-nudeln ( ! ,bav>ian peasant1 or !
 beans ( ! primitive ,italian fun]al    
fea/s1 w\ld1 :5 eat51 qualify ! next (  
k9 to w$ ! heiress & to raise up se$ to 
! dead k9sman4  ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( 
! levirate we may note t ! jo9t undivid$
 family surviv$ 9 hi/oric times at ,a!ns
 & 9 ,sp>ta1 & t 9 bo? places bro!rs    
liv$ on ! jo9t-e/ate z well aft] ! dea? 
z dur+ ! life ( _! fa!r4 ,9 ,sp>ta1 if  
"o only ( ! bro!rs _h a son1 t son 0    

naturally heir to ! jo9t-e/ate1 & 0     
consid]$ ! son ( all4 ,among/ ! ,h9doos1
 too1 ,vasi%?a says 7xvii4 #aj71 ,if    
among/ _m bro!rs :o are begott5 by "o   
fa!r1 "o h a son1 !y all h (fspr+ ?r\gh 
t son 7cf4 ,vi%nu1 xv4 #db74acj ,n[1 a  
casual obs]v]1 ignorant ( ! nature &    
con/itution ( ! jo9t undivid$ family1   
might ?us easily draw ! mi/ak5 inf]5ce t
 ! wife ( "o bro!r 0 common to !m all2 &
 ?is may be ! orig9 ( ,cs>'s /atem5t )  
reg>d to ! poly&ry ( ! anci5t ,britons1 
& ( ,polybius' ) reg>d to ! ,sp>tans4   
,or1 aga91 x is possible t ! jo9t       
undivid$ family may 9 ^! in/ances h giv5
 rise to ?is =m ( poly&ry4 ,x is ?us n  
safe to inf] t :]e poly&ry is1 !        
matri>*ate mu/ previ\sly h be54  ,!re   
rema9s ! argum5t f totems4 ,un=tunately 
_! v exi/5ce 9 ,europe is que/ion$1 &   
?is is n ! place to discuss ! "q4 ,x is 
saf] n to m$dle 9 ,european totems at   
pres5t4 ,_! appe>ance 9 ,greek my?ology1
 h[ev]1 may fitt+ly "h be made ! subject
 ( a brief allusion4 ,! value1 to !     

an?ropologi/1 ( anci5t ,roman cu/oms &  
beliefs is t !y %[ u ! ,italians at a   
mu* l[] /age ( civilisation ?an t 9 :i* 
! ,v$as %[ u ! ,h9doos or ! ,hom]ic     
poems ! ,greeks4 ,!y %[ u an ,aryan p   
hav+ no my?ology1 & !y w>rant ! inf]5ce 
t my?s 7 unkn[n to ! pro-e?nic ,aryans4 
,! ,greek my?s ab\t ! am\rs ( ,zeus 9   
animal =m _c g back1 !re=e1 to ,aryan   
times4 ,!y may be ! peculi> inv5tion ( !
 e>ly ,greeks1 or x may be t ! families 
:i* claim$ to be desc5d$ f animals 7    
pre-,hell5ic1 & t1 :5 !y jo9$ !         
immigrat+ ,greeks1 !y le>nt ! wor%ip (  
,zeus1 & 7 aid$ 9 _! conv]sion by       
id5tify+ ,zeus ) _! animal ance/or4     
,aga9/ ! in/ances ( poly&ry & !         
survivals ( totemism1 :i* may or may n  
%[ t ! matri>*ate 0 kn[n to ,aryan      
peoples1 we may fairly set ! evid5ce (  
comp>ative philology4 ,! orig9al ,aryan 
language possess$ t]ms = gr&fa!r1 fa!r1 
son1 & gr&son2 & ^! are j ! direct      
asc5dants & desc5dants :o c\ld compose a
 jo9t undivid$ family4 ,!re 0 a ^w = !  

pat]nal uncle1 :om ! *ildr5 br\ght up 9 
su* a family w\ld "k2 !re is none = !   
mat]nal uncle1 ) :om !y w\ld n dwell4   
,!re 7 special designations = husb&'s   
fa!r1 husb&'s "m1 husb&'s bro!r1 husb&'s
 si/]1 & ev5 = husb&'s bro!rs' wives--j 
! words :i* w\ld be requir$ if ! wife   
left h] own family to dwell 9 t ( h]    
husb&4 ,!re 7 none = wife's fa!r1 "m1   
c41 :i* w\ld be requir$ if ! husb&      
became a memb] ( 8 wife's family4 ,&    
?is--:i* is inconsi/5t ) ! matri>*al    
sy/em--is 9 accord ) ! evid5ce af=d$ by 
w$d+ cu/oms1 viz41 t ! wife left fa!r & 
"m1 & 0 br\ght1 by ! domum d$uctio1 to  
h] husb&'s home4  ,/ill1 x w\ld be z    
unju/ifiable to say t ! matri>*ate c\ld 
nev] h e/abli%$ itself on ,aryan gr\nd1 
z x is to say t ! agnatic family mu/ h  
be5 develop$ out ( ! sy/em ( mat]nal    
rights & female desc5t4 ,! li/ (        
prohibit$ degrees v>ies among e>ly      
,aryan peoples f ! m9imum possible = a  
civilis$ p 7z at ,a!ns7 to ! maximum    
possible ev5 = savages 7z among/ !      

,h9doos74 ,!re may h be5 a simil>       
v>iation 9 ! organisation ( ! family4   
,nor c we say ) confid5ce t ! pro-e?nic 
,aryans 7 m uni=m ?an _! desc5dants4 ,! 
diff]5t languages evolv$ out ( ! common 
,aryan tongue exi/$ z dialects f !      
beg9n+1 & 9 ! beg9n+ !re may h be5      
diff]5ces 9 social organisation4 ,b     
:]eas we c c]ta9ly trace ! jo9t undivid$
 family & ! pr9ciple ( agnation z f>    
back z mod]n sci5ce enables u to trace !
 ,aryans at all1 ! evid5ce = ! exi/5ce (
 ! matri>*ate at any "t among/ any      
,aryan p is inf]ior bo? 9 am\nt & 9     
value4   ,,xii4 ,,conclusion4  ,aft]    
writ+ a hundr$ pages z ?\gh "o knew     
some?+1 x is a relief to confess "o's   
ignorance4 ,s ,i %all d myself !        
pleasure ( conclud+ ) a li/ ( ,romane   
,que/ions :i* are too h>d = me4 ,:y !y  
kept ! temple ( ! goddesse ,horta op5   
alwaies ,i own to me is a my/]y yet4 ,i 
_c ev5 conjecture :at is ! reason t     
,qu9tus ,metellus =bad to obs]ve        
auspices aft] ! mone? ,sextilis1 nor :y 

!y ?\ght ,aruspices ought to h _!       
lant]ns & lampes alwaies op51 nor :y    
obss]ve !y ! vultures mo/ ( any o!r     
f[les 9 tak+ ( presages4 ,:ite1 z a     
m\rn+ col\r1 :i* is prescrib$ 9 ,r4 ,q4 
#bf1 may be p>allel$ 9 ! cu/oms (       
,gambreion1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 & 9 ,argos1 b
 ! explanation is beyond me4 ,! orig9 ( 
! prov]b ,s>di v5ales1 & ( ! int]e/+    
cu/om associat$ ) x 7,r4 ,q4 #ec71 c    
sc>cely be said to be expla9$ ei!r by   
,fe/us 7p4 #cbb7 or by ,cic]o 7,,vii4   
,fam41 #bd74 ,nor d ,i "k :y boys 7 nam$
 on ! n9?1 :]eas girls 7 nam$ on ! eigh?
 day ( bir?4 ,& :y did ! ,romans ( old  
"t inv>iably1 :5 !y w5t out to supp]1   
take ) !m _! "y sonnes1 ev5 :5 !y 7 b 9 
_! v infancie & *ildhood8  ,,romane     
,,qve/ions1  ,,t ,,is ,,to ,,say1  ,,an 
,,enquirie ,,into ,,!  ,,causes ,,(     
,,manie ,,fa%ions ,,& ,,cu/omes ,,(     
,,rome4  ,a ,treatise fit = !m :o are   
conv]sant 9 ! read+ ( ,romane hi/ories &
 antiquities1 giv+ a light to _m places 
o!rwise obscure & h>d to be und]/ood4   

,,romane ,,qve/ions4  #a4    ,:at is !  
reason t new w$d$ wives are bidd5 to t\*
 fire &   wat]8    ,is x because t among
 ! elem5ts & pr9ciples1 :]e( are compos$
 naturall bodies1 ! "o ( ^! twa9e1 to   
wit1 fire is ! male1 & wat] ! female1 ( 
:i*1 t infuse? ! beg9n+ ( motion1 & ?is 
affoorde? ! prop]tie ( ! subject &      
matt]8  #b4 ,or r1 = t1 z ! fire purge?1
 & wat] wa%e?2 s a wife ought to cont9ue
 pure1 *a/e & cleane all h] life4  #c4  
,or is x 9 ?is reg>d1 t z fire )\t      
humidity1 yeelde? no n\ri%m5t1 b is dry2
 & moi/ure )\t heat is idle1 fruitlesse 
& b>r52 ev5 s ! male is feeble1 & !     
female likewise1 :5 !y be ap>t & sev]$ a
 sund]3 b ! conjunction ( two m>i$ folke
 yeelde? unto bo?1 _! cohabitation &    
p]fection ( liv+ toge!r4  #d4 ,or la/ ( 
all1 because man & wife ought n to =sake
 & ab&on "o ano!r1 b to take "p ( all   
=tunes2 ?\gh !y _h no o!r good 9 ! _w   
common betwe5e !m1 b fire & wat] onely4 
#b4    ,h[ is x1 t !y use to light at   
w$d+s five tor*es1 & nei!r   m nor      

lesse1 :i* !y call ,wax-lights4  #a4    
,,:e!r is x z ,v>ro sai?1 because !     
,prt\rs or g5]als ( armies use ?ree1 & !
 ,a$iles two3 !re=e x is n meet t !y    
%\ld h m ?an ! ,prt\rs & ,a$iles toge!r3
 consid]+ t new m>i$ folke goe unto !   
,a$iles to light _! fire8  #b4 ,or1     
because hav+ use ( _m numb]s1 ! odde    
numb] seem$ unto !m z 9 all o!r respects
 bett]1 & m p]fect ?an ! ev53 s x 0     
fitt] & m agreeable = m>iage3 = ! ev5   
numb] implie? a k9de ( discord &        
division1 9 respect ( ! equall p>ts 9 x1
 meet = sid+1 qu>rell1 & cont5tion3     
:]eas ! odde numb] _c be divid$ s j &   
equally1 b !re w rema9e some:at /ill 9  
common = to be p>t$4 ,n[ among al odde  
numb]s1 x seeme? t ,c9que is mo/        
nuptial1  be/ beseem+ m>iage2 = t ,trey 
is ! fir/ odde numb]1  ,deuz ! fir/ ev52
 ( :i* twa9e1 five is comp\nd$1 z ( !   
male & ! female4  #c4 ,or is x r1       
because light is a signe ( be+ & ( life3
 & a woman may be>e at ! mo/ five *ildr5
 at "o burd52 & s !y us$ to c>y five    

tap]s or waxe c&els8  #d4 ,or la/ly1 = t
 !y ?\ght1 t ^? :o 7 m>i$ _h ne$ ( five 
gods & goddesses3 namely1 ,jupit]#aca   
g5ial1 ,juno g5ial1 ,v5us1 ,suade1 &    
above all ,diana2 :om 7la/ nam$7 wom5 9 
_! lab\r & travell ( *ilde-bir?1 are    
wont to call ^u = helpe4   #c4    ,:at  
is ! cause t !re be+ _m ,temples (      
,diana 9 ,rome1   into t onely :i* /&e? 
9 ! ,patrician /reet1 m5 ent] n4  #a4   
,,is x n because ( a tale :i* is told 9 
?is man]3 ,9 old "t a c]te9e woman be+  
come ?i!r = to adore & wor%ip ?is       
goddesse1 *aunc$ !re to bee abus$ &     
suff] viol5ce 9 h] honor3 & he :o =c$   
h]1 0 torne 9 pieces by h\nds3 ^u :i*   
accid5t1 ev] aft]1 a c]te9e sup]/iti\s  
fe>e possess$ m5s heads1 t !y w\ld n    
presume to goe into ! said temple4   #d4
    ,:]e=e is x1 t 9 o!r temples (      
,diana m5 are woont   ord9>ily to set up
 & fa/5 ,h>ts hornes2 onely 9 t :i* is  
^u   m\nt ,av5t9e2 ! hornes ( ox5 & o!r 
beefes are to be se54  ,,may x n be1 t  
?is is respective to ! remembrance ( an 

anci5t occurr5t t sometime befell8 ,=   
report$ x is t long s9ce 9 ! ,sab9es    
c\ntrey1 "o ,antion ,coratius _h a c[1  
:i* grew to be exce$+ faire & woond]full
 bigge )all above any o!r3 & a c]te9e   
wiz>d or soo?sai] came unto him & said3 
,h[ pr$e/9$ x 0 t ! citie :i* sacrific$ 
t c[ unto ,diana 9 ! m\nt ,av5t9e1 %\ld 
become mo/ puissant & rule all ,italy3  
,?is ,coratius !re=e came to ,rome ( a  
delib]ate purpose to sacrifice ! said c[
 accord+ly3 b a c]ta9e h\%old s]vant t  
he _h1 gave notice secretly unto k+     
,s]vius ,tullius ( ?is pr$iction deliv]$
 by ! abovesaid soo?sai]3 :]eupon       
,s]vius acqua9t$ ! prie/ ( ,diana1      
,cornelius1 ) ! matt]3 & !re=e :5       
,antion ,coratius pres5t$ himselfe = to 
p]=me 8 sacrifice1 ,cornelius adv]tis$  
him1 fir/ to goe d[ne into ! riv]1 !re  
to wa%2 = t ! cu/ome & man] ( ^? t      
sacrific$ 0 s to doe3 n[ :iles ,antion 0
 gone to wa% himselfe 9 ! riv]1 ,s]vius 
/eps into 8 place1 prev5t$ 8 returne1   
sacrific$ ! c[ unto ! goddesse1 & nail$ 

up ! hornes :5 he _h s done1 )9 h]      
temple4 ,juba ?us relate? ?is hi/orie1 &
 ,v>ro likewise1 sav+ t ,v>ro expressely
 sette? n d[ne ! "n ( ,antion1 nei!r do?
 he write t x 0 ,cornelius ! prie/1 b ! 
sexton onely ( ! *ur* t ?us beguil$ !   
,sab9e4   #e4    ,:y are !y :o h be5e   
falsly report$ dead 9 a /range c\ntrey1 
al?\gh !y returne home alive1 n receiv$ 
nor suffr$ to ent]   directly at !      
dores1 b =c$ to climbe up to ! tiles ( !
 h\se1   & s to get d[ne f ! r\fe into !
 h\se8  ,v>ro r5dre? a reason he]e(1 :i*
 ,i take to be altoge!r fabul\s3 = hee  
write?1 t dur+ ! ,silician w>re1 !re 0 a
 great battell f\ght ^u ! sea1 &        
imm$iately ^u x1 !re ranne a rum\r ( _m 
t !y 7 dead 9 ?is fight2 :o not)/&+1 !y 
return$ home safe1 di$ all )9 a little  
:ile aft]3 h[beit1 "o !re 0 among ! re/1
 :o :5 he w\ld h entr$ into 8 owne h\se1
 f\nd ! dore ( ! owne accord fa/ %ut up 
aga9/ him2 & = all ! =cible meanes t 0  
made to op5 ! same1 yet x w\ld n        
prevaile3 :]eupon ?is man tak+ up 8     

lodg+ )\t1 j be=e 8 dore1 z he slept 9 !
 night1 _h a vision :i* adv]tis$ &      
taught him h[ he %\ld f ! ro(e ( ! h\se 
let himselfe d[ne by a rope1 & s get 93 
n[ :5 he _h s done1 he became =tunate   
ev] aft]1 all ! re/ ( 8 life2 & hee liv$
 to be a v ag$ man3 & he]e( arose !     
=esaid cu/ome1 :i* alwaies aft]w>ds 0   
kept & obs]v$4  ,b haply ?is fa%ion may 
seeme 9 "s sort to h be5e d]iv$ f !     
,greeks3 = 9 ,greece !y ?\ght n ^? pure 
& cleane :o _h be5e c>i$ foor? = dead to
 be ent]r$2 or ^: sepul*re & fun]als 7  
solemniz$ or prep>$3 nei!r 7 su* all[$  
to frequ5t ! company ( o!rs1 nor suffr$ 
to come ne]e unto _! sacrifices4 ,& !re 
goe? a report ( a c]ta9e man nam$       
,ari/9us1 "o ( ^? :o _h be5e possess$ ) 
?is sup]/ition1 h[ he s5t unto ! oracle 
( ,apollo at ,delphos1 = to make        
supplication & prai] unto ! god1 = to   
bee deliv]$ out ( ?is p]plex$ anxietie t
 tr\bl$ him by occasion ( ! said cu/ome 
or law !n 9 =ce3 & t ! prophetesse      
,py?ia return$ ?is answ]3    ,looke     

:atsoev] wom5 doe 9 *ildb$ newly laid1  
,unto _! babes1 :i* !y br\ght foor?1 !  
v]ie same ,i say   ,see t be done to !e 
aga9e3 & aft] t be sure1   ,unto !      
bless$ gods ) h&s to sacrifice1 mo/     
pure4  ,:i* oracle ?us deliv]$1 ,ari/9us
 hav+ well pond]$ & consid]$1 committ$  
himselfe z an infant new borne unto wom5
 = to be wa%$1 to be wrapp$ 9 swadl+    
clo!s1 & to be suckl$ ) ! bre/-head3    
aft] :i*1 all su* o!rs1 :om we call     
,hy/]opotm\s1 t is to say1 ^? ^: graves 
7 made1 z if !y _h be5e dead1 did !     
semblable4 ,h[beit1 "s doe say1 t be=e  
,ari/9us 0 borne1 ^! c]emonies 7 obs]v$ 
ab\t ^? ,hi/ropotmi1 & t ?is 0 a "r     
aunci5t cu/ome kept 9 ! semblable case3 
& !re=e no m>vell x is1 t ! ,romans also
 ?\ght1 t su* z 7 suppos$ to h be5e once
 buri$1 & raung$ ) ! dead 9 ano!r _w1   
ought n to ent] 9 at ! same por*1 out ( 
:i* !y goe1 :5 !y purpose to sacrifice  
unto ! gods1 or at :i* !y re5t] :5 !y   
returne f sacrifice3 b w\ld h !m f above
 to desc5d ?r\gh ! tiles ( ! r\fe into !

 close h\se1 ) ! aire op5 ov] _! heads3 
= all _! purifications ord9>ily !y p]=m$
 )\t ! h\se abroad 9 ! aire4   #f4      
,:y doe wom5 kisse ! lips ( _! k9sfolks8
  ,,is x z mo/ m5 ?9ke1 = t wom5 be+    
=bidd5 to dr9ke w9e1 ! mann] 0 br\ght   
up3 ,t :5soev] !y met _! k9sfolke1 !y   
%\ld kisse _! lips1 to ! end !y might n 
be unkn[51 b convict$ if !y _h drunke   
w9e8 or r = ano!r reason1 :i* ,ari/otle 
! philosoph] ha? all$g$8 = z t\*+ t     
occasion1 :i* is s fam\s & commonly     
voic$ 9 e mans m\?1 yea1 & report$ (    
div]s & sundrie places2 x 0 no d\bt !   
h>dy attempt execut$ by ! dames (       
,troie1 & t ^u ! coa/s ( ,italy2 = :5 ! 
m5 ^u _! arrivall 7 l&$2 ! wom5 9 !     
meane:ile set fire ^u _! %ips1 = v      
desire t !y _h to see an end once1 "o   
way or o!r ( _! long voiage1  to be     
deliv]$ fr _! t$i\s travel at sea3 b    
fe>+ ! fury ( _! m51 :5 !y %\ld returne1
 !y w5t =? to meet _! k9sfolke & fri5ds 
^u ! way1 & welcom$ !m ) amiable embrac+
  sweet kisses ( _! lips3 by :i* means  

hav+ appeas$ _! angrie mood1 & recov]$  
_! fav\rs1 !y cont9u$ ev] aft]1 ! cu/ome
 ( k9d greet+ & lov+ salutation 9 ?is   
mann]4  ,or 0 n ?is a privil$ge grant$  
unto wom5 = _! great] hon\r & cr$it2    
namely1 to be kn[5 & se5 = to h _m ( _! 
race & k9r$1 & ^? ( good wor? &         
reputation8  ,or because x 0 n lawfull  
to esp\se wom5 ( _! blood & k9r$1 !re=e 
p]mitt$ !y 7 to ent]ta9e !m k9dly &     
famili>ly ) a kisse1 s !y proce$$ no    
f>!r2 insomu* z ?is 0 ! onely m>ke &    
tok5 left ( _! consangu9itie4 ,= be=e   
"t1 !y might n m>rie wom5 ( _! owne     
blood2 no m ?an 9 ^! daies _! aunts by !
 mo!rs side1 or _! si/]s3 & long x 0 ere
 m5 7 p]mitt$ to contract m>riage ) _!  
c\s9 g]ma9s2 & t ^u su* an occasion z   
?is4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9e man ( poore e/ate &
 small liv+1 h[beit o!rwise ( good &    
hone/ c>iage1 & ( all o!rs t manag$ !   
publike affairs ( ,/ate mo/ popul> &    
graci\s ) ! commons3 :o 0 suppos$ to    
keepe z 8 esp\s$ wife a k9swoman ( 8 &  
c\s9 g]ma91 an inh]itresse2 by :om he _h

 great weal?1 & became v]ie ri*3 = :i*  
he 0 accus$ judicially be=e ! p2 b ^u a 
speciall fav\r t !y b>e unto him1 !y    
w\ld n enquire into ! cause 9 "q2 b n   
onely suppress$ 8 bill ( enditem5t1 &   
let h] g z quit ( all crime1 b also ev5 
!y1 enact$ a /atute2 by v]tue :]e(1     
lawfull x 0 = all m5 f t "t =w>d to     
m>rie1 z f> z to _! c\s9 g]ma9s1 b 9 any
 high] or ne]] degree ( consangu9itie1  
!y 7 expresly =bidd54   #g4    ,:]e=e is
 x n lawfull ei!r = ! husb& to receive a
 gift (   8 wife1 or = ! wife ( h]      
husb&4  ,,may x n be1 = t1 z ,solon     
orda9$ t ! donations & beque/s1 made by 
^? t die %all /& good1 unlesse !y be su*
 z a man ha? grant$ ^u necessitie1 or by
 ! inducem5t & flatt]ie ( 8 wife3 9 :i* 
proviso1 he except$ necessitie1 z =c+ & 
con/ra9+ ! w2 & likewise pleasure1 z    
deceiv+ ! judgem5t2 ev5 s h m5 suspect$ 
! mutuall gifts pass+ betwe5 ! husb& & !
 wife1 & ?\ght !m to be ( ! same nature4
  ,or 0 x n ?\ght1 t giv+ ( pres5ts 0 ( 
all o!r ! lea/  wor/ signe ( amity &    

goodwill 7= ev5 /rang]s & su* z be>e no 
love at all use 9 t sort to be giv+7 & 9
 t reg>d !y w\ld bani% out ( m>riage su*
 k9d ( pleas+ & curr+ fav\r2 to ! end t 
! mutuall love & affection betwe5 !     
p>ties %\ld be free & )\t respect (     
sal>ie & ga9e1 ev5 = x selfe & no?+ else
 9 ! _w4  ,or because wom5 commonly     
admit & ent]ta9e /raung]s1 z corrupt$ by
 receiv+ ( pres5ts & gifts at _! h&s1 x 
0 ?\ght to /& m ) hon\r & reputation1 t 
wives %\ld love _! owne husb&s1 ?\gh !y 
gave !m no?+ by way ( gift4  ,or r1 = t 
x 0 meet & requisit1 t ! goods ( ! husb&
 %\ld be common to ! wife1 & to ! wife  
likewise ( ! husb&3 = ! p>tie :o        
receive? a ?+ 9 gift1 do? le>ne to      
repute t :i* 0 n giv51 to be none ( 8   
owne1 b belong+ to ano!r3 s t man & wife
 9 giv+ nev] s little "o to ano!r1      
despoil & defraud !mselves ( all t is   
beside4   #h4    ,:at might be ! cause t
 !y 7 =bidd5 to receive any gift   ei!r 
( #acb,sonne 9 law1 or #acc;,fa!r 9 law8
  ,,( ,sonne 9 law1 = fe>e le/ ! gift   

might be ?\ght by ! meanes ( ! ,fa!r to 
passe ab\t ! returne unto ! wife3 & ( ! 
,fa!r 9 law1 because x 0 suppos$ meet & 
j1 t he :o gave n1 %\ld n likewise      
receive ought4#acd   #i4    ,:at %\ld be
 ! reason t ! ,romans :5 !y return$ f "s
   voyage out ( a f>re & =ra9e c\ntrey1 
or onely f _! f]me   into ! citie2 if _!
 wives 7 at home1 us$ to s5d a mess5g]  
unto !m be=e1 = to give w>n+ &          
adv]tisem5t ( _!   comm+8  ,,ei!r x 0   
because ?is is a tok5 ( "o t beleeve? & 
is v]ily p]swad$ t 8 wife int5de? no    
lewdnesse1 nor is o!rwise busi$ ?an     
well3 :]eas to come ^u h] at unw>es & on
 a soda91 is a k9d ( =lay+ & surprize4  
,or = t !y make ha/e to s5d !m good     
newes ( _! comm+1 z be+ assur$ t !y h a 
long+ desire1 & doe expect su* tid+s4   
,or r because !mselves w\ld be glad to  
he>e f !m "s good newes1 to wit1 :e!r !y
 %all f9d !m 9 good heal? :5 !y come1 & 
att5d+ affectionately & ) great         
devotion1 _! returne4  ,or else because 
wom5 ord9>ily1 :5 _! husb&s be away & f 

home1 h _m petie bus9esses & h\se       
affaires3 & o!r :iles !re fall out "s   
little j>res & qu>rels )9 doores ) _!   
s]vants1 m5 or maid5s3 to ! end !re=e   
all su* tr\bles & inconv5i5ces might be 
ov]bl[51 & t !y might give unto _!      
husb&s a lov+ & amiable welcome home1 !y
 h intellig5ce giv5 unto !m be=e h& ( _!
 arrivall & appro*4   #aj4    ,:at is ! 
cause t :5 !y adore & wor%ip ! gods1 !y 
cov]   _! heads3 b contr>iwise :5 !y    
meet ) any hon\rable or   wor%ipfull    
p]sons1 if _! heads haplie 7 !n cov]$ ) 
_!   cov]1 !y discov] ! same1 & are b>e 
head$4  ,,= x seeme? t ?is fa%ion make? 
! =m] d\bt & braun* ( ! "q m difficult  
to be assoil$3 & if t :i* is report$ (  
,a5eas be true2 namely1 t z ,diom$es    
pass$ along by him :iles he sacrific$1  
he cov]$ 8 head1 & s p]=m$ 8 sacrifice2 
!re is good reason & consequ5ce1 t if m5
 be cov]$ be=e _! enemies1 !y %\ld be   
b>e :5 !y enc\nt] ei!r _! fri5ds1 or m5 
( woor? & hon\r3 = ?is man] ( be+ cov]$ 
be=e ! gods1 is n prop]ly respective    

unto !m1 b occasion$ by accid5t1 & ha?1 
s9ce t example ( ,a5eas1 be5e obs]v$ &  
cont9u$4  ,b if we mu/ say some:at else 
beside1 consid] :e!r x be n suffici5t to
 enquire onely ( ?is po9t2 namely1 :y !y
 cov] _! heads :5 !y wor%ip ! gods1 see+
 ! o!r consequ5tly dep5de? he]eupon3 =  
!y /& b>e be=e m5 ( dignitie &          
au?oritie1 n to doe !m any m honor      
!reby1 b contr>iwise to dim9i% _! envie1
 = fe>e !y might be ?\ght to require z  
mu* rev]5ce & ! same honor z is exhibit$
 to ! gods1 or suff] !mselves1 & take   
pleasure to bee obs]v$ & rev]5c$ equally
 ) !m3 z = ! gods !y ador$ !m aft] ?is  
sort2 ei!r by way ( l[l9esse & humbl+   
!mselves be=e _! maje/ie1 9 cov]+ & hid+
 _! heads2 or r because !y fe>$ le/ z !y
 made _! prai]s1 !re %\ld come unto _!  
he>+1 f )\t1 any s9i/] voice or         
inauspicate & om9\s osse3 & to prev5t   
su* an object !y drew _! hood ov] _!    
e>es3 ,& h[ true x is t !y _h a c>efull 
eie & reg>d to meet ) all su* accid5ts1 
x may appe]e by ?is1 t :5 !y w5t to any 

oracle = to be resolv$ by answ] f !nce  
^u a scrupul\s d\bt1 !y caus$ a great   
noise to be made all ab\t !m1 ) r++ (   
pannes or bras5 basons4  ,or x may well 
be1 7z ,ca/or sai?1 comp>+ 9 concordance
 ! ,romane fa%ions ) ! rites ( !        
,py?agoreans7 = t ! ,dmon or good angell
 )9 u1 ha? ne$ ( ! gods helpe )\t1 &    
make? supplication ) cov]+ ! head1 giv+ 
?us mu* cov]tly to und]/& !reby1 t !    
s\le is likewise cov]$ & hidd5 by !     
bodie4   #aa4    ,:y sacrifice !y unto  
,saturne b>e-head$4  ,,is x because     
,a5eas fir/ br\ght up ?is fa%ion ( cov]+
 ! head at sacrifice2 & ! sacrifice to  
,saturnus is mu* m aunci5t ?an 8 "t8    
,or1 = t !y us$ to be cov]$ unto !      
cele/iall gods3 b z = ,saturne he is    
reput$ a ,subt]ranean or t]re/riall god8
  ,or1 9 ?is respect1 t !re is no?+     
hidd51 cov]$1 or %ad[$ 9 ,true?8 ,=     
among ! ,romans1 ,saturne 0 held to be !
 fa!r ( ,v]itie4   #ab4    ,:y doe !y   
repute ,saturne ! fa!r ( ,true?4  ,,is x
 = t 7z "s ,philosoph]s deeme7 !y are ( 

op9ion t #ace,saturne is #acf,"t8 & ,"t 
y "k well f9de? out & reveale? ! ,tru?4 
,or1 because z ! ,poets fable1 m5 liv$  
"u ,saturnes reigne 9 ! gold5 age3 & if 
! life ( man 0 !n mo/ j & righte\s1 x   
foll[e? consequ5tly t !re 0 mu* true? 9 
! _w4   #ac4    ,:at is ! reason t !y   
sacrific$ likewise unto ! god :om !y    
te>m$ ,honor1 ) b>e head8 n[ a man may  
int]pret ,honor to be z   mu* z ,glory &
 ,reputation4  ,,x is haply because     
,honor & glory is a ?+ evid5t1 notori\s1
 & expos$ to ! k ( ! :ole _w3 & by !    
same reason t !y veile bonet be=e m5 (  
wor%ip1 dignitie1 & honor1 !y adore also
 ! deitie t be>e? ! "n ( ,honor1 ) !    
head b>e4   #ad4    ,:at may be ! cause1
 t sonnes c>y _! ,fa!rs & ,mo!rs foor?  
to be ent]r$1 ) _! heads hood$ & cov]$3 
b daught]s b>e   head$1 ) _! haires     
detress$ & hang+ d[ne loose4  ,,is x = t
 ,fa!rs ought to be honor$ z gods by _! 
male *ildr51 b lam5t$ & bewail$ z dead  
m5 by _! daught]s1 & !re=e ! law hav+   
giv5 & graunt$ unto ei!r sex t :i* is   

prop]1 ha? ( bo? toge!r made t :i* is   
beseem+ & conv5i5t4  ,or1 x is 9 ?is    
reg>d1 t unto sorr[ & heav9ess1 t is be/
 beseem+ :i* is extraord9>ie & unusuall3
 n[ m ord9>ie x is ) wom5 to g abroad ) 
_! heads veil$ & cov]$3 & likewise ) m51
 to be discov]$ & b>e head$4 ,= ev5     
among ! ,greeks :5 !re is befall5 unto  
!m any publike calamitie1 ! mann] &     
cu/ome is1 t ! wom5 %\ld cut ( ! hayres 
( _! head1 & ! m5 we>e !m long2 = t     
o!rwise x is usuall t m5 %\ld poll _!   
heads1 & wom5 keepe _! haire long4 ,& to
 prove t sonnes 7 wont to be cov]$2 9   
su* a case1 & = ! said cause1 a man may 
all$ge t :i* ,v>ro ha? writt52 namely1 t
 9 ! solemnitie ( fun]als1 & ab\t !     
tombs ( _! fa!rs1 !y c>ry !mselves ) z  
mu* rev]5ce & devotion z 9 ! temples ( !
 gods3 9 su* sort1 z :5 !y h burnt !    
corps 9 ! fun]al fire1 s soone z ev] !y 
meet ) a bone1 !y pron\nce1 t he :o is  
dead1 is n[ become a god4 ,on ! contr>y 
side1 wom5 7 no wise p]mitt$ to vaile & 
cov] _! heads4 ,& we f9d ^u record1 t ! 

fir/ man :o put away & divorc$ 8 wife 0 
,spurius ,c>bilius1 because %e b>e him  
no *ildr52 ! second1 ,sulpitius ,gallus1
 = t he saw h] to ca/ a robe ov] h]     
head3 & ! ?ird ,publius ,sempronius1 =  
/&+ to behold ! solemnitie ( ! fun]all  
games4   #ae4    ,h[ x comme? to passe1 
t consid]+ ! ,romans e/eem$ ,t]m9us a   
god1 & !re=e 9 hon\r ( him celebrat$ a  
fea/ call$ !reupon   ,t]m9alia1 yet !y  
nev] kill$ any bea/ 9 sacrifice unto    
him8  ,,x is because ,romulus did appo9t
 no bonds & limits ( 8 c\ntrey1 to ! end
 t he might lawfully set out & take 9   
:]e pleas$ him1 & repute all t l& 8 owne
 s f> z1 7accord+ to t say+ ( !         
,lac$monian7 8 spe>e or javel9 w\ld     
rea*8 ,b ,numa ,pompilius a j man &     
politick )all1 "o :o knew well h[ to    
gov]n1 & t by ! rule ( ,philosophie1    
caus$ 8 t]ritorie to be conf9$ betwe5e  
him & 8 neighb\r nations1 & call$ ^?    
fronti] bonds by ! "n ( ,t]m9us z !     
sup]9t5d5t1 ov]-se] & keep] ( peace &   
amitie betwe5 neighb\rs2 & !re=e he     

suppos$1 t ?is ,t]m9us ought to be      
pres]v$ pure & cleane f all blood1 &    
impollute ) any murd]4   #af4    ,:at is
 ! reason t x is n lawfull = any maid   
s]vants to ent]   into ! temple ( !     
goddesse #acg,leuco!a8 & ! ,dames (     
,rome1   br++ 9 ?i!r "o alone & no m )  
!m1 fall to cuff+ &   box+ h] ab\t !    
e>es & *eeks4  ,,z = ! w5* t is ?us     
buffet$1 x is a suffici5t signe &       
argum5t1 t su* z %e1 are n p]mitt$ to   
come ?i!r3 n[ = all o!rs !y keepe !m out
 9 reg>d ( a c]ta9e poeticall fable     
report$ 9 ?is wise3 t ladie ,ino be+ 9  
times pa/ jeal\s ( h] husb&1 & suspect+ 
him ) a maid s]vant ( h]s1 fell mad1 & 0
 enrag$ aga9/ h] owne sonne3 ?is s]vant 
! ,greeks say1 0 an ,aetolian borne1 &  
_h to "n ,antiph]a3 & !re=e x is t he]e 
among u 9 ! citie ( ,*ronea1 be=e !     
temple or *appell ( ,matuta1 ! sexton   
tak+ a :ip 9 8 h& crie? ) a l\d voice3  
,no man s]vant or maid s]vant be s h>die
 z to come 9 he]e2 no ,aetolian hee or  
%ee presume to ent] into ?is place4     

#ag4    ,:at is ! cause t to ?is        
goddesse1 folke pray n = any   bless+s  
to _! owne *ildr51 b = _! nephews onely1
 to wit1   _! bro!rs or si/]s *ildr58   
,,may x n be t ,ino be+ a ladie t lov$  
h] si/] wond]\s well1 9 s mu* z %e      
suckl$ at h] owne brea/ a sonne ( h]s3 b
 0 in=tunate 9 h] owne *ildr58  ,or r1  
because ! said cu/ome is o!rwise v good 
& civill1 induc+ & mov+ folks he>ts to  
c>ie love & affection to _! k9r$s4      
#ah4    ,= :at cause1 7 _m ri* m5 wont  
to consecrate & give unto   ,h]cules !  
,disme or t5? ( all _! goods8  ,,:y may 
x n be ^u ?is occasion1 t ,h]cules      
himselfe be+ ^u a "t at #ach,rome1      
sacrifice ! t5? c[ ( all ! drove :i* he 
_h tak5 f ,g]ion8  ,or = t he fre$ &    
deliv]$ ! ,romans f ! tax & tribute ( ! 
,dismes :i* !y 7 wont to pay out ( _!   
goods unto ! ,tuskans4  ,or 9 case ?is  
may n g curr5t = an au!nticall hi/orie1 
& wor?ie ( cr$it2 :at & if we say t unto
 ,h]cules z to "s great bellie god1 & "o
 :o lov$ good *e]e1 !y (f]$ & sacrific$ 

pl5te\sly & 9 great lib]alitie8  ,or r1 
= t by ?is meanes !y w\ld take d[ne &   
dim9i% a little1 _! excessive ri*es :i* 
ord9>ily is an eie-sore & odi\s unto !  
citiz5s ( a popul> /ate1 z if !y meant  
to abate & br+ l[ 7z x 77 t ple?oricall 
plight & corpul5cy ( ! bodie1 :i* be+   
gr[5 to ! height is daung]\s3 suppos+ by
 su* cutt+ (f1 & abridg+ ( sup]fluities1
 to d hon\r & s]vice mo/ pleas+ unto    
,h]cules1 z :o joi$ highly 9 frugalitie3
 = t 9 8 life "t he /ood cont5t$ ) a    
little1 & reg>d$ no delicacie or excesse
 :atsoev]4   #ai4    ,:y beg9 ! ,romans 
_! ye]e at ! mone? ,janu>ie8  ,,= 9 old 
"t ! mone? ( ,m>* 0 reckon$ fir/1 z a   
man may collect by _m o!r conjectures1 &
 by ?is specially1 t ! fift mone? 9 ord]
 aft] ,m>* 0 call$ ,qu9tilis1 & ! sixt  
mone? ,sextilis1 & all ! re/ consequ5tly
 "o aft] ano!r until y come to ! la/1   
:i* !y nam$ ,decemb]1 because x 0 ! t5? 
9 numb] aft] ,m>*3 :i* give? occasion   
unto "s = to ?9ke  say1 t ! ,romans 79  
^? daies7 det]m9$ & accompli%$ _!       

compleat ye]e1 n 9 twelve mone?s b 9 t53
 namely1 by add+ unto ev]ie "o ( ^? t5  
mone?s c]ta9 daies ov] & above ?irtie4  
,o!rs write1 t ,decemb] inde$ 0 ! t5?   
mone? aft] ,m>*2 b ,janu>ie 0 ! elev5?1 
& ,febru>ie ! twelf?3 9 :i* mone? !y us$
 c]ta9e expiatorie & purgatorie         
sacrifices1 yea1 & (f]$ oblations unto !
 dead 7z x 77 to make an end ( ! y]e4   
,h[beit aft]w>ds !y transpos$ ?is ord]1 
& rang$ ,janu>ie 9 ! fir/ place1 = t ^u 
! fir/ day !re(1 :i* !y call ! ,cal5ds (
 ,janu>ie2 ! fir/ ,consuls t ev] b>e    
rule 9 ,rome 7 en/all$1 imm$iatly ^u !  
deposition & expulsion ( ! k+s out ( !  
citie4 ,b !re seeme? to be m probability
  likelihood ( tru? 9 _! spee*1 :o say1 
t ,romulus be+ a m>tiall pr9ce1 & "o t  
lov$ w>re & feats ( armes1 z be+ reput$ 
! sonne ( ,m>s1 set be=e all o!r mone?s1
 t :i* c>i$ ! "n ( 8 fa!r3 h[beit ,numa 
:o succe$$ next aft] him1 be+ a man (   
peace1 & :o endevor$ to )draw ! he>ts & 
m9ds ( 8 subjects & citiz5s f w>re to   
agriculture1 gave ! pr]ogative ( ! fir/ 

place unto ,janu>ie1 & hon\r$ ,janus    
mo/1 z "o :o _h be5e m giv5 to politick 
gov]nm5t1 & to ! husb&rie ( gr\nd1 ?an  
to ! ex]cise ( w>re & armes4  ,consid]  
moreov]1 :e!r ,numa *ose n ?is mone? =  
to beg9 ! ye]e )all1 z be/ sort+ )      
nature 9 reg>d ( u2 = o!rwise 9 g5]all1 
!re is no "o ?+ ( all ^? t by nature    
turne ab\t circul>ly1 t c be said fir/  
or la/1 b accord+ to ! sev]all          
in/itutions & ord9ances ( m51 "s beg9 ! 
"t at ?is po9t1 o!rs at t4 ,& v]ely !y t
 make ! ,w9t] sol/ice or hib]nall       
,tropick ! beg9n+ ( _! ye]e1 d ! be/ (  
all o!rs3 = t ! ,sunne ceas+ !n to passe
 f>!r1 beg9ne? to returne & take 8 way  
aga9e t[>d u3 = x seeme?1 t bo? accord+ 
to ! c\rse ( nature1 & also 9 reg>d ( u1
 ?is season is mo/ befitt+ to beg9 !    
ye]e3 = t x increase? unto u ! "t ( daie
 light1 & dim9i%e? ! d>knesse ( night1 &
 cause? t noble />re or planet to appro*
 ne]] & come t[>d u1 ! "l gov]n\r & rul]
 ( all sub/ance transitorie & fluxible  
matt] :atsoev]4   #bj4    ,:y d wom5 :5 

!y dresse up & adorne ! *appell or %r9e 
(   _! fem99e goddesse1 :om !y call     
,bona1 nev] br+ home = t   purpose any  
bran*es ( ,myrtle tree3 & yet o!rwise h 
a delight to   employ all sorts ( leaves
 & fl[]s8  ,,may x n be1 = t1 z "s      
fabul\s writ]s tell ! tale1 !re 0 "o    
#aci;,flavius a soo?sai] _h a wife1 :o  
us$ secretely to dr9ke w9e1 & :5 %e 0   
surpris$ & tak5 9 ! mann] by h] husb&1  
%e 0 well beat5 by him ) myrtle rods3 & 
= t cause !y br+ ?i!r no b\ghs ( myrtle3
 m>ry !y (f] libations unto ?is goddesse
 ( w9e1 b =soo? !y call x ,milke4  ,or  
is x n = ?is cause1 t ^? :o are to      
celebrate ! c]emonies ( ?is div9e       
s]vice1 ought to be pure & cleane f all 
pollutions1 b especially f t ( ,v5us or 
le*]y8 ,= n onely !y put out ( ! roome  
:]e ! s]vice is p]=m$ unto ! said       
goddesse ,bona1 all m51 b also :atsoev] 
is besides ( mascul9e sex2 :i* is !     
reason t !y s dete/ ! myrtle tree1 z be+
 consecrat$ unto ,v5us1 insomu* z x %\ld
 seeme !y call$ 9 old "t t ,v5us1       

,myrtea1 :i* n[ goe? "u ! "n1 ( ,murcia4
   #ba4    ,:at is ! reason t ! ,lat9es 
doe s mu* hon\r & rev]5ce !             
,woodpeck]1 & =be>e altoge!r to d t bird
 any h>me8  ,,is x = t ,picus 0 report$ 
9 old "t by ! en*antm5ts & sorc]ies ( 8 
wife1 to h *ang$ 8 owne nature1 & to be 
metamorphoz$ into a ,woodpeck]2 "u :i*  
=me he gave out oracles1 & deliv]$      
answ]es unto ^? :o prop\nd$ unto him any
 demaunds8  ,or r1 because ?is seeme? a 
me]e fable1 & incr$ible tale3 !re is    
ano!r /orie report$1 :i* c>ie? m        
probabilitie ) x1 & s\nde? ne]] unto    
true?4 ,t :5 ,romulus & ,remus 7 ca/    
foor? & expos$ to dea?2 n onely a female
 woolfe gave !m h] teats to sucke1 b    
also a c]te9e ,woodpeck] flew unto !m1 &
 br\ght !m food 9 h] bill1 & s f$de !m3 
& !re=e haply x is1 t ord9>ily 9 ^!     
daies wee may see1 z ,nigidius ha? well 
obs]v$2 :at places soev] at ! foot ( an 
hill cov]$ & %ad[$ ) oakes or o!r trees 
a ,woodpeck] haunte?1 ?i!r cu/omably y  
%all h a woolfe to repaire4  ,or        

p]adv5ture1 see+ _! man] is to          
consecrate unto e god "o k9de ( birde or
 o!r1 !y reput$ ?is ,woodpeck] sacr$    
unto ,m>s1 because x is a c\ragi\s &    
h>dy bird1 hav+ a bill s /rong1 t he is 
able to ov]?r[ an oke !re)1 aft] he ha? 
jobb$ & peck$ into x z f>re z to ! v    
m>r[ & he>t !re(4   #bb4    ,h[ is x t  
!y imag9e ,janus to h _h two faces1 9   
:i*   man] !y use bo? to pa9t & also to 
ca/ him 9 mold4  ,,is x = t he be+ a    
,grcian borne1 came f ,p]rhbia1 z we    
f9de writt5 9 hi/ories2 & pass+ =w>d    
into ,italy1 dwelt 9 t c\ntrey among !  
,b>b>\s p1 :o !re liv$1 ^: language &   
man] ( life he *ang$8  ,or r because he 
taught & p]swad$ !m to live toge!r aft] 
a civill & hone/ sort1 9 husb&ry & till+
 ! gr\nd2 :]eas be=e "t _! mann]s 7     
rude1 & _! fa%ions savage )\t law or    
ju/ice altoge!r4   #bc4    ,:at is !    
cause t !y use to sell at ,rome all ?+s 
p]te9+   to ! furniture ( ,fun]als1 )9 !
 temple ( ! goddesse   ,libit9a1 suppos+
 h] to be ,v5us4  ,,?is may seeme to be 

"o ( ! sage & philosophicall inv5tions (
 k+ ,numa1 to ! end t m5 %\ld le>ne n to
 abhorre su* ?+s1 nor to flie f !m1 z if
 !y did pollute & defile !m8  ,or else  
?is reason may be r5dr$1 t x s]ve? = a  
good record & memoriall1 to put u 9     
m9de1 t :atsoev] _h a beg9n+ by         
g5]ation1 %all likewise come to an end  
by dea?2 z if "o & ! same goddesse 7    
sup]9t5d5t & gov]nesse ( nativitie &    
dea?3 = ev5 9 ! city ( ,delphos !re is a
 pretie image ( ,v5us1 surnam$          
,epitymbia2 t is to say sepul*rall3 be=e
 :i* !y use to raise & call foor? !     
gho/s ( su* z are dep>t$1 = to receive !
 libam5ts & sacr$ liquors p[r$ foor?    
unto !m4   #bd4    ,:y h ! ,romans 9 e  
mone? ?ree beg9n+s z x 71 to wit1       
c]te9e pr9cipall & prefix$ or           
preorde9$#adj daies1 & reg>d   n ! same 
int]vall or space ( daies betwe5e8  ,,is
 x because z ,juba write? 9 8 *ronicles1
 t ! *iefe magi/rates 7 wont ^u ! fir/  
day ( ! mone? to call & summon ! p2     
:]eupon x tooke ! "n ( ,cal5ds3 & !n to 

d5\nce unto !m t ! ,nones %\ld be ! fift
 day aft]2 & z = ! ,ides !y held x to be
 an holy & sacr$ day8  ,or = t !y       
measur+ & det]m9+ ! "t accord+ to !     
diff]5ces ( ! moone1 !y obs]v$ 9 h] e   
mone? ?ree pr9cipall *anges &           
div]sities3 ! fir/1 :5 %e is altoge!r   
hidd51 namely dur+ h] conjunction ) !   
sunne2 ! second :5 %e is some:at remoov$
 f ! beames ( ! sunne1  beg9ne? to %ew  
h]selfe croissant 9 ! ev5+ t[>d ! ,we/  
:]eas ! sunne sette?2 ! ?ird1 :5 %e is  
at ! full3 n[ t occultation & hid+ ( h]s
 9 ! fir/ place1 !y nam$ ,cal5ds1 = t 9 
_! tongue :atsoev] is secret  hidd51 !y 
say x is ,clam & to hide or keepe close1
 !y expresse by ?is ^w ,cel>e2 & ! fir/ 
day ( ! moones illum9ation1 :i* wee he]e
 9 ,greece te>me ,n\m5ia1 t is to say1 !
 new-moone1 !y call$ by a mo/ j "n ,non1
 = t :i* is new & yoong1 !y te>me       
,novum1 9 mann] z wee doe 4 ,z = !      
,ides1 !y tooke _! "n ( ?is ^w 1 t      
signifie? beautie2 = t ! moone be+ !n at
 ! full1 is 9 ! v p]fection ( h]        

beautie3 or haply !y d]iv$ ?is          
d5om9ation ( ,dios1 z attribut+ x to    
,jupit]3 b 9 ?is we are n to se>* out   
exactly ! j numb] ( daies1 nor ^u a     
small default to sl&] & condemne ?is    
man] ( reckon+1 see+ t ev5 at ?is day1  
:5 ! sci5ce ( ,a/rologie is gr[5 to s   
great an increm5t1 ! inequalitie ( !    
motion1 & c\rse ( ! moone surpasse? all 
exp]i5ce ( ,ma!maticians1 & _c be r$uc$ 
to any c]te9e rule ( reason4   #be4     
,:at is ! cause t !y repute ! morr[es   
aft] ,cal5ds1 ,nones1   & ,ides1        
disa/]\s or dismall daies1 ei!r = to set
 =w>d ^u   any j\rney or voiage1 or to  
m>* ) an army into ! field8  ,,is x     
because z _m ?9ke1 & z ,titus ,livius   
ha? record$ 9 8 /orie2 ! ,tribunes      
milit>ie1 at :at "t z !y _h consul> &   
sov]aigne au?oritie1 w5t into ! field ) 
! ,romane armie ! morr[ aft] ! ,ides ( !
 mone? ,qu9tilis1 :i* 0 ! same t ,july  
n[ is1 & 7 discomfit$ 9 a battell by !  
,gaules1 ne]e unto ! riv] ,allia3 &     
csequ5tly ^u t ov]?r[1 lo/ ! v city x   

selfe ( ,rome3 by :i* occasion ! morr[  
aft] ! ,ides1 be+ held & reput$ = a     
s9i/] & unluckie day2 sup]/ition entr+  
into m5s heads1 proce$$ f>!r 7z %e love?
 alwaies s to doe7 & br\ght 9 ! cu/ome =
 to hold ! morr[ aft] ! ,nones1 yea1 & !
 morr[ aft] ! ,cal5ds1 z un=tunate1 & to
 be z religi\sly obs]v$ 9 semblable     
cases4  ,b aga9/ ?is !re may be oppos$  
_m objections3 = fir/ & =mo/1 !y lo/ t  
battell ^u ano!r day1 & call+ x         
,alli5sis1 by ! "n ( ! riv] ,allia1 :]e 
x 0 /ruck51 !y h x 9 abom9ation = t     
cause4 ,aga9e1 :]eas !re be _m daies    
reput$ dismal & un=tunate1 !y doe n     
obs]ve s precisely & ) s religi\s fe>e1 
o!r daies ( l d5om9ation 9 e mone?1 b e*
 day ap>t onely 9 t mone? :]e9 su* & su*
 a disa/]1 hapn$3 & t ! in=tunitie ( "o 
day %\ld draw a sup]/iti\s fe>e simply  
^u all ! morr[es aft] ,cal5ds1 ,nones1 &
 ,ides1 c>ie? no congruitie at all1 nor 
app>5ce ( reason4  ,consid] moreov] &   
see1 :e!r1 z ( mone?s !y us$ to         
consecrate ! fir/ to ! gods cele/iall2 !

 second to ! t]re/riall1 or inf]nall1   
:]e9 !y p]=me c]te9e expiatorie         
c]emonies & sacrifices ( purification1 &
 pres5t+  (fir+s & s]vices to ! dead3 s 
( ! daies 9 ! mone?1 ^? :i* are *iefe & 
pr9cipall1 z ha? be5e said1 !y w\ld n h 
to be kept z sacr$ & fe/ivall holidaies2
 b su* z foll[ aft]1 z be+ d$icat$ unto 
! spirits1 call$ ,dmons1 & ^? t are     
dep>t$2 !y also h e/eem$ csequ5tly z    
unhappy1  altoge!r unmeet ei!r = to     
execute or to take 9 h& any bus9esse3 = 
! ,greeks ador+ & s]v+ ! gods ^u _! new 
moones & fir/ daies ( ! mone?1 h        
attribut$ ! second daies unto !         
demi-gods & ,dmons3 l z at _! fea/s also
 !y dr9ke ! second cup unto _!          
demi-gods1 & demi-goddesses4 ,9 summe1  
,"t is a k9de ( numb]1 & ! beg9n+ (     
numb] is 7,i wot n :at17 "s div9e ?+1 = 
x is ,unitie3 & t :i* comme? next aft] x
 is ,deuz or two1 cleane opposite unto !
 said beg9n+1 & is ! fir/ ( all ev5     
numb]s3 z = ! ev5 numb] x is defective1 
unp]fect1 & indef9it1 :]eas contr>iwise1

 ! unev5 or odde numb] x selfe is f9ite1
 complet1 & absolute3 & = ?is cause l z 
! ,nones succe$ ! ,cal5ds five daies    
aft]2 s ! ,ides foll[ ! ,nones n9e daies
 aft] !m2 = ! unev5 & odde numb]s doe   
det]m9e ^? beg9n+s1 or pr9cipall daies2 
b ^? :i* pres5tly ensue aft] ! said     
pr9cipall daies be+ ev51 are nei!r rang$
 9 any ord]1 nor h p[] & puissance3 &   
!re=e m5 doe n ent]prise any great      
worke1 nor set foor? voiage or j\rney ^u
 su* daies3 & he]eto wee may to good    
purpose annex t pretie spee* (          
,!mi/ocles3 ,= :5 ! morr[ 7quo? he7 ^u a
 "t qu>rell$ ) ! fe/ivall day :i* w5t   
next be=e x1 say+1 t h]selfe 0 busi$ &  
tooke a great deale ( pa9s1 prep>+      
provid+ ) mu* travel ^? goods :i* ! fea/
 enjoi$ at h] ease1 ) all repose1 re/1 &
 leisure3 ! ,fe/ivall day made ?is      
answ]3 ,?\ said/ true inde$2 b if ,i 7  
n1 :]e w\ld/ ?\ be8 ,?is tale ,!mi/ocles
 devis$1 & deliv]$ unto ! ,a!nian       
capta9es1 :o came aft] him2 giv+ !m     
!reby to und]/&1 t nei!r !y nor any acts

 ( !irs w\ld ev] h be5e se5e1 unlesse   
hee be=e !m _h sav$ ! citie ( ,a!ns4    
,=asmu* !n1 z e ent]prise & voiage (    
importance ha? ne$ ( provision1 & "s    
prep>atives2 & = t ! ,romans 9 old "t ^u
 _! fe/ivall daies1 disp5s$ no?+1 nor   
took c>e = any provision2 be+ :oly giv5 
& devot$ at su* times to ! s]vice       
wor%ip ( ,god1 do+ t1 & no?+ else2 l z  
ev5 yet at ?is day1 :5 ! prie/s beg9 to 
sacrifice1 !y pron\nce ) a l\d voice    
be=e all ! companie !re assembl$ ,,hoc  
,,age1 t is to say1 ,m9de ?is1 & doe no 
o!r ?+3 v]ie l x is1 & /&e? to great    
reason1 t !y us$ n to put !mselves ^u ! 
way = any long voiage1 nor tooke 9 h&   
any great affaire or bus9esse pres5tly  
aft] a fe/ivall day1 b kept )9 h\se all 
! morr[ aft]1 to ?9ke ^u _! occasions1 &
 to provide all ?+s necess>ie = j\rney  
or exploit3 or we may conjecture1 t z at
 ?is v day ! ,romans aft] !y h ador$ !  
gods1 & made _! prai]s unto !m )9 _!    
temples1 are woont to /ay !re a "t1 &   
sit !m d[ne2 ev5 s !y ?\ght x n         

reasonable to ca/ _! great affaires s1 z
 t !y %\ld imm$iately foll[ ^u any ( _! 
fe/ivall daies2 b !y all[$ "s respit &  
"t betwe5e1 z kn[+ full well1 t         
bus9esses c>ie ) !m alwaies _m tr\bles &
 h9d]ances1 beyond ! op9ion1            
expectation1 & w ( ^? :o take !m 9 h&4  
#bf4    ,:at is ! cause t wom5 at ,rome1
 :5 !y m\rne = ! dead1   put on :ite    
robes1 & likewise we>e :ite cawles1     
coifes & k]*iefs   ^u _! heads4  ,,may x
 n be t = to oppose !mselves aga9/ hell 
& ! d>k5esse !re(1 !y con=me _! raim5t &
 attire to t col\r :i* is cle]e &       
bright8  ,or doe !y x n r = ?is3 t l z  
!y clad & burie ! dead corps 9 :ite     
clo!s1 !y suppose1 t ^? :o are next (   
k91 & come ne]e/ ab\t !m1 ought also to 
we>e _! liv]ie8 ,n[ ! bodie !y doe 9 ?is
 wise decke1 because !y _c adorne ! s\le
 s2 & x !y are will+ to accompanie z    
lightsome1 pure & net1 z be+ n[ at ! la/
 deliv]$ & set free1 & :i* ha? p]=m$ a  
great a v>iable combat4  ,or r1 we may  
guesse ?us mu* !reby3 t 9 su* cases1 t  

:i* is mo/ simple & lea/ co/ly1 is be/  
beseem+2 :]eas clo!s ( any o!r col\r    
di$1 d commonly bewray ei!r sup]fluitie 
or curiositie3 = we may say ev5 aswell (
 blacke1 z ( purple3 ,^! robes are      
deceitfull3 ^! col\rs also are          
c\nt]feit4 ,& z t\*+ t :i* is ( x selfe 
blacke1 if x h n t t9cture by di]s art1 
surely x is s col\r$ by nature1 z be+   
mix$ & comp\nd$ ) obscuritie3 & !re=e   
!re is no col\r els b :ite1 :i* is pure1
 unmixt1 & n /a9$ & sulli$ ) any        
t9cture1 & t :i* is inimitable2 9 :i*   
reg>d1 m meet & agreeable unto ^? :o are
 int]r$1 consid]+ t ! dead is n[ become 
simple1 pure1 excempt f all mixtion1 & 9
 v true?1 no?+ els b deliv]$ f ! bodie1 
z a /a9e & infection h>dly sc[r$ out &  
rid away4 ,semblably1 9 ! citie (       
,argos1 :5soev] !y m\rn$1 ! man] 0 to   
we>e :ite g>m5ts1 wa%$ 7z ,socrates     
said7 9 faire & cle]e wat]4   #bg4      
,:at is ! reason t !y e/eeme all !      
walles ( ! citie sacr$   & inviolable1 b
 n ! gates4  ,,is x 7z ,v>ro sai?7      

because we ought to ?9ke ! walles holie1
 to ! end t we may fight valiantly1 &   
die g5]\sly 9 ! def5ce ( !m8 = x seeme? 
t ?is 0 ! cause1 :y ,romulus kill$ 8    
owne bro!r ,remus1 = t he presum$ to    
leape ov] an holy & inviolable place3   
:]eas contr>iwise1 x 0 n possible to    
consecrate & hall[ ! gates1 ?or[ :i* !re
 mu/ ne$s be transport$ _m ?+s necess>y1
 & namely1 ! bodies ( ! dead4 ,& !re=e1 
!y :o beg9 to f\nd a citie1 environ &   
compasse fir/ ) a pl\gh all t p\rprise &
 prec9ct :]e9 !y meant to build1 draw+ !
 said pl\gh ) an oxe & a c[ c\pl$ toge!r
 9 "o yoke3 aft]w>ds1 :5 !y h trac$ out 
all ! said place :]e ! walles %\ld /&1  
!y measure out z mu* gr\nd z w s]ve = ! 
gates1 b take out ! pl\gh-%>e1 & s passe
 ov] t space ) ! b>e pl\gh1 z if !y     
meant !reby1 t all ! furr[ :i* !y ca/ up
 & e>$1 %\ld be sacr$ & inviolable4     
#bh4    ,:at is ! reason1 t :5 _! *ildr5
 are to swe>e by ,h]cules1   !y w n let 
!m d x )9 doores1 b cause !m to g =?   (
 ! h\se1 & take _! oa? abroad8  ,,is x  

because 7z "s w\ld h x7 t !y ?9ke       
,h]cules is n delight$ ) keep+ close )9 
h\se & fitt+ idely1 b take? pleasure to 
live abroad & lie )\t8  ,or r1 = t ( all
 ! gods1 ,h]cules is n 7z "o w\ld say7  
home-br$1 b a /rang]1 come among/ !m f  
af>re8 ,= ev5 s !y w\ld n swe>e by      
,bac*us1 "u ! ro(e ( ! h\se1 b w5t =? to
 d x2 because he also is b a /rang]     
among ! gods4  ,or haply1 ?is is no m b 
a ^w 9 game & sport1 giv5 unto *ildr53 &
 besides 7to say a true?7 x may be a    
meanes to )holde & re/ra9e !m f swe>+ s 
readily & ra%ly1 z ,phavor9us sai?3 =   
?is device cause? a c]te9e prem$itate   
prep>ation1 & give? !m 7:iles !y goe out
 ( ! h\se7 leasure & "t to consid] bett]
 ( ! matt]4 ,& a man may conjecture also
 ) ,phavor9us1 & say ) him3 ,t ?is      
fa%ion 0 n common to o!r gods1 b prop]  
to ,h]cules3 = t we f9de x writt51 t he 
0 s religi\s1 s respective & precise 9 8
 oa?1 t 9 all 8 life "t he nev] sw>e b  
once1 & t 0 onely to ,phileus ! sonne ( 
,augias4 ,& !re=e1 ! prophetisse at     

,delphos1 nam$ ,py?ia1 answ]$ ?us ^u a  
"t to ! ,lac$monians3    ,:5 all ^! oa?s
 y once =f5d1   ,y\r /ate 7be sure7 %all
 dayly m5d4   #bi4    ,:at %\ld be !    
reason1 t !y w\ld n p]mit ! new w$d$    
bride to passe ( h]selfe ov] !          
doore-sill or ?re%old1 :5 %e is   br\ght
 home to h] husb&'s h\se1 b !y t        
accompanie h]1 mu/   lift h] up betwe5e 
!m f ! gr\nd1 & s convey h] 94  ,,is x 9
 remembrance ( ^? fir/ wives :om !y     
ravi%$ p]=ce f ! ,sab9es1 :o entr$ n    
into _! h\ses ( !mselves ) _! good w1 b 
7 c>ri$ 9 by !m1 9 ?is man]8  ,or is x  
p]haps1 because !y w\ld be ?\ght to goe 
aga9/ _! willes into t place :]e !y 7 to
 lose _! maid5head8  ,or haply x may be1
 t a w$d$ wife ought n to goe foor? ( h]
 doores1 & ab&on h] h\se1 b p]=ce1 l z  
%e w5t fir/ into x by =ce4 ,= 9 our     
c\ntrey ( ,botia1 ! man] is1 to burne   
be=e ! doore :]e a new m>ri$ wife is to 
dwell1 ! axel tree ( t *>iot or coat* 9 
:i* %e rode :5 %e 0 br\ght to h] husb&s 
h\se4 ,by :i* c]emonie1 ?us mu* %e is   

giv5 to und]/&1 t w %e nill %e1 !re %e  
mu/ n[ t>rie1 consid]+ t x :i* br\ght h]
 ?i!r1 is n[ gone q & consum$4   #cj4   
,:]e=e d !y at ,rome1 :5 !y br+ a new   
esp\s$ bride home   to ! h\se ( h]      
husb&1 =ce h] to say ^! words unto h]   
sp\se3 ,:]e y are ,cajus1 ,i w be ,caja8
  ,,is x to te/ifie by ^! words1 t %e   
entre? imm$iately to communicate ) him 9
 all goods1 & to be a gov]nesse &       
commaund] 9 ! h\se z well z he8 = x     
implie? z mu*1 z if %e %\ld say2 :]e y  
are "l & ma/]1 ,i w be lady & mi/res4   
,n[ ^! names !y us$ z be+ common1 & su* 
z came fir/ to h&1 & = no o!r reason    
else3 l z ! ,civill lawi]s use ord9>ily 
^! names1 ,cajus1 ,seius1 ,lucius1 &    
,titius3 ! ,philosoph]s 9 _! s*ooles1   
,dion & ,!on4  ,or p]adv5ture x is 9    
reg>d ( ,caia ,ccilia a beautifull &    
v]tu\s lady1 :o 9 times pa/1 esp\s$ "o (
 ! sonnes ( k+ ,t>qu9ius3 ( :i* dame !re
 is yet to be se5e ev5 at ?is day "o    
image ( brasse1 )9 ! temple ( ! god     
,sanctus3 & !re likewise 9 old "t1 h]   

slipp]s1 h] di/affe & sp9dels laid up = 
to bee se5e3 ! "o to signifie t %e kept 
! h\se well1 & w5t n ord9>ily abroad2 ! 
o!r to %ew h[ %e busi$ h]selfe at home4 
#ca4    ,h[ comme? x1 t !y use to *aunt 
ord9>ily at ,w$d+s1 ?is   ^w s mu*      
divulg$1 ,talassio8  ,,is x n (         
,talasia1 ! ,greeke ^w1 :i* signifie?   
y>ne3 = ! basket :]e9 wom5 use to put 9 
_! rolles ( c>d$ wooll1 !y "n ,talosos 9
 ,greeke1 & ,cala?us 9 ,lat9e8 ,c]tes !y
 t lead ! bride home1 cause h] to sit ^u
 a fliece ( wooll1 !n br+e? %e foor? a  
di/affe & a sp9dle1 & ) wooll all to    
hange? & decke? ! dore ( h] husb&s h\se4
  ,or r1 if x be true :i* hi/orians     
report3 ,!re 0 sometime a c]te9e yoong  
g5tleman1 v valiant & active 9 feats (  
armes1 & o!rwise ( excell5t p>ts & s+ul>
 wel condition$1 ^: "n 0 ,talasius3 & :5
 !y ravi%$ & c>i$ away ! daught]s ( !   
,sab9es :o 7 come to ,rome1 = to behold 
! solemnitie ( _! fe/ivall games &      
plaies3 c]ta9e meane p]sons1 su* yet z  
belong$ to ! tra9e  ret9ue ( ,talasius  

a=esaid1 _h *os5 foor?  7 c>y+ away1 "o 
damosel above ! re/ mo/ beautiful (     
visage1 & = _! safety & securitie z !y  
pass$ along ! /reets1 cri$ out al\d     
,talasio1 ,talasio1 t is to say1 =      
,talasius1 = ,talasius2 to ! end t no   
man %\ld be s h>dy z to appro* n]e unto 
!m1 nor attempt to h away ! maid5 f !m1 
giv+ x out1 t !y c>i$ h] = to be ! wife 
( ,talasius2 & o!rs meet+ !m ^u ! way1  
jo9$ ) !m 9 company = ! hon\r (         
,talasius1 & z !y foll[$ aft]1 highly   
prais$ _! good *oice :i* !y _h made1    
pray+ ! gods to give bo? him & h] joy ( 
_! m>riage1 & cont5tm5t to _! he>ts     
desire4 ,n[ = t ?is m>riage proov$ happy
 & bless$1 !y 7 woont ev] aft] 9 _! w$d+
 songs to re*ant & res\nd ?is "n1       
,talasius1 l z ! man] is among ! ,greeks
 to s+ 9 su* c>rols1 ,hym5u4   #cb4     
,:at is ! reason t 9 ! mone? ( ,may1 !y 
use at ,rome to ca/   ov] _! woodd5     
bridge into ! riv]1 c]ta9e images ( m51 
:i*   !y call ,argeos8  ,,is x 9        
memoriall ( ! ,b>b>ians :o sometimes    

inhabit$ ^! p>ts1 & did s by ! ,greeks1 
murd]+ !m 9 t man] z _m ( !m z !y c\ld  
take8 ,b ,h]cules :o 0 highly e/eem$    
among !m = 8 v]tue1 aboli%$ ?is cruell  
fa%ion ( kill+ ( /rang]s1 & taught !m   
?is cu/ome to c\nt]fet _! aunci5t       
sup]/itions1 & to fl+ ^! images 9 /ead (
 !m3 n[ 9 old "t our ance/ors us$ to "n 
all ,greeks ( :at c\ntrey soev] !y 71   
,argeos3 unlesse haply a man w\ld say1 t
 ! ,arcadians reput+ ! ,argives to be _!
 enemies1 = t !y 7 _! neighb\r bord]]s1 
su* z fl$ ) ,ev&] out ( ,arcadia1 & came
 to inhabit ^! qu>t]s1 rete9$ /ill ! old
 hatr$ & ranckor1 :i* "t out ( m9de _h  
tak5 root1 & be5e setl$ 9 _! he>ts aga9/
 ! said ,argives4   #cc4    ,:at is !   
cause t ! ,romans 9 old "t nev] w5t     
foor? out (   _! h\ses to supp]1 b !y   
c>i$ ) !m _! yoong sonnes1   ev5 :5 !y 7
 b 9 _! v infancie & *ildhood4  ,,0 n   
?is = ! v same reason t ,lycurgus       
in/itut$ & orde9$1 t yoong *ildr5 %\ld  
ord9>ily be br\ght into _! halles :]e !y
 us$ to eat 9 publicke1 call$ ,phiditia1

 to ! end t !y might be inur$ & acqua9t$
 betimes1 n to use ! pleasures ( eat+ & 
dr9k+ immod]ately1 z bruti% & rav5\s    
bea/s are wont to doe2 consid]+ t !y _h 
_! eld]s to ov]see !m1 yea1 & to        
controll _! demean\r3 & 9 ?is reg>d     
haply also1 t _! fa!rs !mselves %\ld 9  
_! c>riage be m sob]1 hone/1 & frugall1 
9 ! pres5ce ( _! *ildr53 = looke :]e old
 folke are %amelesse1 !re x c n *use b  
7z ,plato sai?7 *ildr5 & y\? w be mo/   
gracelesse & impud5t4   #cd4    ,:at    
might ! reason be1 t :]eas all o!r      
,romans made _!   (f]+s1 c]emonies1 &   
sacrifices = ! dead1 9 ! mone? (        
,febru>y3 ,decimus ,brutus z ,cic]o     
sai?1 0 wont to doe ! same 9   ! mone? (
 ,decemb]3 n[ ?is ,brutus 0 he :o fir/  
invad$ !   c\ntrey ( ,portugall1 & ) an 
armie pass$ ov] ! riv] (   ,le!1 t is to
 say1 oblivion4  ,,may x n be1 t z ! mo/
 "p ( m5 us$ n to p]=me any su* s]vices 
= ! dead1 b t[>d ! end ( ! mone?1 & a   
little be=e ! %utt+ 9 ( ! ev5+2 ev5 s x 
seeme? to c>ie good reason1 to hon\r !  

dead at ! end ( ! ye]e2 & y wot well t  
,decemb] 0 ! la/ mone? ( all ! ye]e4    
,or r1 x is because ?is 0 an hon\r      
exhibit$ to ! deities t]re/riall3 & x   
seeme? t ! prop] season to rev]5ce &    
wor%ip ^! e>?ly gods1 is :5 ! fruits ( !
 e>? be fully ga!r$ & laid up4  ,or     
haply1 = t ! husb& m5 began at ?is "t to
 breake up _! gr\nds aga9/ _! se$nesse3 
x 0 meet & requisite to h 9 remembrance 
^? gods :i* are "u ! gr\nd4  ,or haply1 
because ?is mone? is d$icate &          
consecrat$ by ! ,romans to ,saturne2 =  
!y c\nt$ ,saturne "o ( ! gods b5ea?1 &  
none ( !m above3 & )all1 consid]+ !     
greate/ & mo/ solemne fea/1 :i* !y call 
,saturnalia1 is hold5 9 ?is mone?1 at   
:at "t z !y seeme to h _! mo/ frequ5t   
meet+1 & make be/ *e]e1 he ?\ght x meet 
& reasonable t ! dead also %\ld enjoy "s
 little portion !re(4  ,or x may be     
said1 t x is altoge!r untrue t ,decimus 
,brutus alone sacrific$ = ! dead 9 ?is  
mone?3 = c]te9e x is t !re 0 a c]te9e   
div9e s]vice p]=m$ to ,acca ,l>5tia1 &  

solemne effusions & libam5ts ( w9e &    
milke 7 p[r$ ^u h] sepul*re 9 ! mone? ( 
,decemb]4   #ce4    ,:y hon\r$ ! ,romans
 ?is ,acca ,l>5tia s highly1 consid]+ %e
   0 no bett] ?an a /rumpet or c\rtisan8
  ,,= y mu/ ?9ke1 t ! hi/ories make     
m5tion ( ano!r ,acca ,l>5tia1 ! nurse ( 
,romulus1 unto :om !y d hon\r 9 ! mone? 
( ,aprill4 ,z = ?is c\rtizan ,l>5tia1 %e
 0 7z m5 say7 surnam$ ,fabula1 & came to
 be s fam\s & r5[m$ by su* an occasion z
 ?is4 ,a c]te9e sexton ( ,h]cules 8     
temple1 hav+ little els to doe1 & liv+  
at ease 7z commonly su* fell[es doe7 us$
 = ! mo/ "p to sp5d all ! day 9 play+ at
 dice & ) cokall bones3 & "o day above !
 re/1 x =tun$1 t meet+ ) none ( 8 mates 
& play-fell[es :o 7 woont to be>e him   
company at su* games1 & n kn[+ :at to d 
nor h[ to passe ! "t away1 he ?\ght )   
himselfe to *all5ge ! god ^: s]vant he  
01 to play at dice ) him1 ^u ^!         
conditions3 ,t if himselfe woon ! game1 
,h]cules %\ld be a meanes = him ( "s    
good lucke & happy =tune2 b 9 case he   

lo/ ! game1 he %\ld provide = ,h]cules a
 good supp]1 & )all1 a pretie w5* & a   
faire1 to be 8 b$fell[3 ^! conditions   
be+ agre$ ^u & set d[ne1 he ca/ ! dice1 
"o *ance = himselfe1 & ano!r = ! god2 b 
8 hap 0 to be ! los]3 :]eupon m9d+ to /&
 unto 8 *all5ge1 & to accompli% t :i* he
 _h promis$1 he prep>$ a ri* supp] =    
,h]cules 8 god1 & )all1 s5t = ?is ,acca 
,l>5tia1 a pr(ess$ c\rtisan & common    
h>lot1 :om he fea/$ also ) him1 & aft]  
supp] be/[$ h] 9 a b$ )9 ! v temple1 %ut
 ! doores fa/ ^u1 & s w5t 8 way4 ,n[ !  
tale goes =soo?1 t 9 ! night1 ,h]cules  
compani$ ) h]1 n aft] ! man] ( m51 b    
*>g$ h]1 t ! next morn+ betimes %e %\ld 
g into ! m>ket-place1 & looke :at man %e
 fir/ met )all1 him %e %\ld ent]te9e 9  
all k9dnesse1 & make h] fri5d           
especially4 ,!n ,l>5tia gat up betimes 9
 ! morn+ accord+ly1 & *anc$ to enc\nt] a
 c]te9e ri* man & a /ale ba*el]1 :o 0 n[
 pa/ 8 middle age1 & 8 "n 0 ,t>untius2 )
 him %e became s famili>ly acqua9t$1 t s
 long z he liv$1 %e _h ! comm& ( 8 :ole 

h\se2 & at 8 dea?1 0 by 8 la/ w &       
te/am5t in/itut$ inh]itresse ( all t he 
_h4 ,?is ,l>5tia likewise aft]w>d dep>t$
 ?is life1 & left all h] ri*es unto !   
citie ( ,rome3 :]eupon ?is hon\r        
abovesaid 0 done unto h]4   #cf4    ,:at
 is ! cause1 t !y "n "o gate ( ! citie  
,f5e/ra1   :i* is z mu* to say1 z w9d[2 
ne]e unto :i* adjo9e? !   b$-*amb] (    
,=tune8  ,,is x = t k+ ,s]vius a mo/    
=tunate pr9ce1 0 ?\ght  nam$ to lie )   
,=tune1 :o 0 woont to come unto him by !
 w9d[8 or is ?is b a devis$ tale8 ,b 9  
true?1 aft] t k+ ,t>qu9ius ,priscus 0   
deceas$1 8 wife ,tanaquillis be+ a wise 
ladie1 & endu$ ) a roiall m9d1 putt+ =? 
h] head1 & b5d+ =w>d h] bodie out ( h]  
*amb] w9d[1 made a spee* unto ! p1      
p]swad+ !m to elect ,s]vius = _! k+4 ,& 
?is is ! reason t aft]w>ds ! place      
rete9$ ?is "n1 ,f5e/ra4   #cg4    ,:at  
is ! reason1 t ( all ^? ?+s :i* be      
d$icat$ &   consecrat$ to ! gods1 !     
cu/ome is at ,rome1 t onely ! spoiles   
( enemies conqu]$ 9 ! w>res1 are        

neglect$ & suff]$ to run to   decay 9   
processe ( "t3 nei!r is !re any rev]5ce 
done unto !m1   nor repair$ be !y at any
 "t1 :5 !y wax olde8  ,,:e!r is x1      
because !y 7suppos+ _! glory to fade &  
passe away toge!r ) ^! fir/ spoiles7    
seeke ev]more new meanes to w9ne "s fre%
 m>ks & monum5ts ( _! v]tue1 & to leave 
!m same beh9de !m4  ,or r1 = t see+ "t  
do? wa/e & consume ^! signs & tok5s ( ! 
enmity :i* !y _h ) _! enemies1 x 7 an   
odi\s ?+ = !m1 & v invidi\s1 if !y %\ld 
refre% & r5ew ! remembrance !re(3 = ev5 
^? among ! ,greeks1 :o fir/ erect$ _!   
trophes or pill>s ( brasse & /one1 7 n  
comm5d$ = s do+4   #ch4    ,:at is !    
reason t ,qu9tus ,metellus ! high prie/1
 & reput$   besides a wise man & a      
politike1 =bad to obs]ve auspices1 or to
 take   presages by flight ( birds1 aft]
 ! mone? ,sextilis1 n[ call$   ,augu/4  
,,is x = t1 z we are woont to att5d ^u  
su* obs]vations ab\t noone or 9 ! beg9n+
 ( ! day1 at ! entrance also & t[>d !   
middle ( ! mone?3 b we take he$ & bew>e 

( ! daies decl9ation1 z inauspicate &   
unmeet = su* purposes2 ev5 s ,metellus  
suppos$1 t ! "t aft] eight mone?s 0 7z x
 77 ! ev5+ ( ! ye]e1 & ! latt] end ( x1 
decl9+ n[ & we>+ t[>d an end4  ,or      
haply1 because we are to make use ( ^!  
birds1 & to obs]ve _! flight = presage1 
:iles !y are entire1 p]fect & no?+      
defective1 su* z !y are be=e ,summ] "t4 
,b ab\t ,autumne "s ( !m m\lt1 gr[ to be
 sickly & weake2 o!rs are ov] "y & too  
small2 & "s aga9e appe>e n at all1 b l  
pass5g]s are gone at su* a "t into ano!r
 c\ntrey4   #ci4    ,:at is ! cause1 t x
 0 n lawfull = !m :o 7 n pre/   soldiors
 by o? & enroll$1 al?\gh ^u "s o!r      
occasions !y   conv]s$ 9 ! campe1 to    
/rike or w\nd an enemie8 ,& v]ely ,cato 
himselfe ! eld] ( t "n signifi$ ?us mu* 
9 a lett] missive   :i* he wrote unto 8 
sonne3 :]e9 he /raitly *>g$ him1 t if   
he _h accompli%$ ! full "t ( 8 s]vice1 &
 t 8 capta9   _h giv5 him 8 conge &     
dis*>ge1 he %\ld imm$iately returne3 or 
9 case he _h leif] /ay /ill 9 ! campe1 t

 he %\ld obta9e (   8 capta9e p]mission 
& lic5ce to hurt & kill 8 enemie4  ,,is 
x because !re is no?+ else b necessitie 
alone1 doe? w>rantize ! kill+ ( a man3 &
 he :o unlawfully & )\t expresse        
commaundem5t ( a sup]i\r 7uncon/ra9$7   
do? x1 is a me]e homicide & manslai]4 ,&
 !re=e ,cyrus comm5d$ ,*rysantas1 = t   
be+ ^u ! v]ie po9t ( kill+ 8 enemie1 z  
hav+ lift$ up 8 cemit] = to give him a  
deadly w\nd1 pres5tly ^u ! s\nd ( !     
retreat by ! trumpet1 let ! man g1 &    
w\ld n smite him1 z if he _h be5e =bidd5
 s to d4  ,or may x n be1 = t he :o     
pres5te? himselfe to fight ) 8 enemie1 9
 case he %r9k1 & make n good 8 gr\nd1   
ought n to g away cle]e )al1 b to be    
held faulty & to suff] puni%m5t3 = he   
do? no?+ s good s]vice t ha? ei!r kill$ 
or w\nd$ an enemie1 z h>me & domage1 :o 
recule? backe or flie? away3 n[ he :o is
 dis*>g$ f w>f>e1 & ha? leave to dep>t1 
is no m oblig$ & b\nd to milit>ie lawes3
 b he t ha? demaund$ p]mission to d t   
s]vice :i* sworne & enroll$ s\ldi]s     

p]=me1 putte? himselfe aga9e "u !       
subjection ( ! law & 8 owne capta9e4    
#dj4    ,h[ is x1 t ! prie/ ( ,jupit]1  
is n p]mitt$ to anno9t   himselfe abroad
 9 ! op5 aire8  ,,is x = t 9 old "t x 0 
n held hone/ & lawfull = *ildr5 to d (f 
_! clo!s be=e _! fa!rs2 nor ! sonne 9   
law 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 wives fa!r2 nei!r   
us$ !y ! /\ph or ba? toge!r3 n[ is      
,jupit] reput$ ! prie/s or ,flam9es     
fa!r3 & t :i* is done 9 ! op5 aire1     
seeme? especially to be 9 ! v]ie eie &  
sight ( ,jupit]8  ,or r1 l z x 0 ?\ght a
 great s9ne & exce$+ irrev]5ce1 = a man 
to turne himselfe out ( 8 app>rell nak$1
 9 any *ur*1 *appell1 or religi\s &     
sacr$ place2 ev5 s !y c>ri$ a great     
respect unto ! aire & op5 skie1 z be+   
full ( gods1 demi-gods1 & sa9ts4 ,& ?is 
is ! v]ie cause1 :y we doe _m ( our     
necess>ie bus9esses )9 doores1 enclos$ &
 cov]$ ) ! ro(e ( our h\ses1 & s remoov$
 f ! eies z x 7 ( ! deitie4 ,moreov]1 "s
 ?+s !re be t by law are commaund$ &    
enjo9$ unto ! prie/ onely2 & o!rs aga9e 

unto all m51 by ! prie/3 z = example1   
he]e ) u 9 ,botia2 to be cr[n$ ) *aplets
 ( fl[]s ^u ! head2 to let ! haire gr[  
long2 to we>e a sword1 & n to set foot  
)9 ! limits ( ,phocis1 p]ta9e all to !  
(fice & dutie ( ! capta9e g5]all & *iefe
 rul]3 b to ta/ ( no new fruits be=e !  
,autumnall ,aequ9ox be pa/2 nor to cut &
 prune a v9e b be=e ! ,aequ9ox ( !      
,spr+1 be intimat$ & decl>$ unto all by 
! said rul] or capta9e g5]all3 = ^? be !
 v]ie seasons to d bo? ! "o  ! o!r4 ,9 l
 case1 x %\ld seeme 9 my judgem5t t     
among ! ,romans x prop]ly belong$ to !  
prie/2 n to m\nt on horseback2 n to be  
above ?ree nights out ( ! citie2 n to   
put (f 8 cap1 :]eupon he 0 call$ 9 !    
,roman language1 ,flam54 ,b !re be _m   
o!r (fices & duties1 notifi$ & decl>$   
unto all m5 by ! prie/1 among :i* ?is is
 "o1 n to be enhuil$ or ano9t$ abroad 9 
! op5 aire3 ,= ?is mann] ( ano9t+ drie  
)\t ! ba?1 ! ,romans mightily suspect$ &
 7 afraid (3 & ev5 at ?is day !y are (  
op9ion1 t !re 0 no su* cause 9 ! _w t   

br\ght ! ,greeks "u ! yoke ( s]vitude & 
bondage1 & made !m s t5d] & effem9ate1 z
 _! halles & publike places :]e _! yong 
m5 wre/l$  ex]cis$ _! bodies nak$3 z be+
 ! meanes t br\ght into _! cities1 mu*  
losse ( "t1 eng5dr$ idl5esse1 br$ lazie 
sl\?1 & m9i/r$ occasion  opportunity (  
lewdnesse & vilany2 z namely1 to make   
love unto faire boies1 & to spoile &    
m>re ! bodies ( "y m5 ) sleep+1 ) walk+ 
at a c]te9e measure1 ) /irr+ accord+ to 
motions1 keep+ artificiall compasse1 & )
 obs]v+ rules ( exquisit diet4 ,?r\gh   
:i* fa%ions1 !y see n1 h[ 7ere !y be    
aw>e7 !y be fall5 f ex]cises ( armes1 & 
h cleane =gott5 all milit>ie discipl9e3 
lov+ r to be held & e/eem$ good wre/l]s1
 f9e daunc]s1 conceit$ pleasants1 &     
faire m9ions1 ?an h>die footm51 or      
valiant m5 ( armes4 ,& v]ely x is an h>d
 matt] to avoid & decl9e ^!             
inconv5i5ces1 = !m t use to discov] _!  
bodies nak$ be=e all ! _w 9 ! broad     
aire3 b ^? :o anno9t !mselves closely )9
 doores1 & looke to _! bodies at home   

are nei!r faulty nor (f5sive4   #da4    
,:at is ! reason t ! aunci5t co9e & mony
 9 old "t1 c>i$   ! /ampe ( "o side (   
,ianus ) two faces3 & on ! o!r side1   !
 pr[ or ! poope ( a boat engrav$ !re94  
,,0 x n z _m m5 d say1 = to hon\r !     
memorie ( ,saturne1 :o pass$ into ,italy
 by wat] 9 su* a vessel8 ,b a man may   
say ?us mu* z well ( _m o!rs3 = ,janus1 
,ev&]1 & ,a5eas1 came ?i!r likewise by  
sea2 & !re=e a man may p]adv5ture gesse 
) bett] reason2 t :]eas "s ?+s s]ve z   
goodly ornam5ts = cities1 o!rs z        
necess>ie implem5ts3 among ^? :i* are   
dec5t & seemely ornam5ts1 ! pr9cipall is
 good gov]nm5t & discipl9e1 & among su* 
z be necess>y1 is reckon$1 pl5tie &     
abundance ( victuals3 n[ = t ,janus     
in/itut$ good gov]nm5t1 9 orde9+ holsome
 lawes1 & r$uc+ _! mann] ( life to      
civilitie1 :i* be=e 0 rude & bruti%1 & =
 t ! riv] be+ navigable1 furni%$ !m )   
/ore ( all necess>y commodities1 :]eby  
"s 7 br\ght ?i!r by sea1 o!rs f ! l&2 ! 
co9e c>i$ = ! m>ke ( a law-giv]1 ! head 

) two faces1 l z we h already said1     
because ( t *ange ( life :i* he br\ght  
92 & ( ! riv]1 a f]rie boate or b>ge3 & 
yet !re 0 ano!r k9de ( money currant    
among !m1 :i* _h ! figure portrai$ ^u x1
 ( a beefe1 ( a %eepe1 & ( a sw9e2 = t  
_! ri*es !y rais$ especially f su*      
cattle1 & all _! weal? & sub/ance       
consi/$ 9 !m4 ,& he]eupon x comme?1 t _m
 ( _! aunci5t names1 7 ,ovilij1 ,bubulci
 & ,porcij1 t is to say1 ,%eepe-reeves1 
& ,neat-h]ds1 & ,sw9eh]ds accord+ z     
,f5e/ella do? report4   #db4    ,:at is 
! cause t !y make ! temple ( ,saturne1 !
 *amb] (   ! citie1 = to keepe !re9 !   
publicke treasure ( gold & silv]3   z   
also _! ar*es1 = ! cu/odie ( all _!     
writ+s1 rolles1   contracts & evid5ces  
:atsoev]4  ,,is x by occasion ( t op9ion
 s commonly receiv$1 & ! spee* s        
univ]sally currant 9 e mans m\?1 t dur+ 
! raigne ( ,saturne1 !re 0 no av>ice nor
 inju/ice 9 ! _w2 b loialtie1 tru?1     
fai?1 & righte\snesse c>i$ ! :ole sway  
among m54  ,or = t he 0 ! god :o f\nd   

out fruits1 br\ght 9 agriculture1 &     
taught husb&ry fir/2 = ! hooke or sickle
 9 8 h& signifie? s mu*1 & n z          
,antima*us wrote1 foll[+ !re9 & beleev+ 
,hesiodus3    ,r\gh ,saturne ) 8 hairy  
sk9ne1 aga9/ all law & "r1   ,( ,aemons 
sonne1 sir ,ouranus1 or ,clus sometime  
hight1   ,^? privy memb]s :i* him gat1 )
 hooke a-slant (f-cut4   ,& !n anon 9   
fa!rs place ( reigne1 himselfe did put4 
,n[ ! abundance ( ! fruits :i* ! e>?    
yeelde?1 & ! v5t or disposition ( !m1 is
 ! v "m t br+e? foor? pl5tie ( monie3 & 
!re=e x is t ?is same god !y make !     
au?or & ma9te9] ( _! felicitie3 9       
te/imonie :]e(1 ^? assemblies :i* are   
hold5 e n9? day 9 ! cmon place ( ! city1
 call$ ,nund91 t is to say1 ,faires or  
m>kets1 !y e/eeme consecrat$ to         
,saturne3 = ! /ore  foison ( fruits is t
 :i* op5e? ! trade  com]ce ( buy+ &     
sell+4 ,or1 because ^! reasons seeme to 
be v antique2 :at & if we say t ! fir/  
man :o made 7( ,saturns temple at ,rome7
 ! treasurie or *amb] ( ! citie 0       

,val]ius ,poplicola1 aft] t ! k+s 7     
driv5 out ( ,rome1 & x seeme? to /& to  
good reason t he made *oise !re(1       
because he ?\ght x a safe & secure      
place1 em95t & conspicu\s 9 all m5s     
eies1 & by consequ5ce h>d to be surpris$
 & =c$4   #dc4    ,:at is ! cause t ^?  
:o come z embassad\rs to ,rome1 f   any 
p>ts :atsoev]1 g fir/ into ! temple (   
,saturne1 & !re   be=e ! ,que/ors or    
,treasur]s ( ! citie1 ent] _! names 9   
_! regi/]s4  ,,is x = t ,saturne        
himselfe 0 a /rang] 9 ,italy1 & !re=e   
all /rang]s are welcome unto him8  ,or  
may n ?is "q be solv$ by ! read+ (      
hi/ories8 = 9 old "t ^! ,que/ors or     
publick ,treasur]s1 7 wont to s5d unto  
embassadors c]te9e pres5ts1 :i* 7 call$ 
,lautia3 & if x =tun$ t su* embassadors 
7 sicke1 !y tooke ! *>ge ( !m = _! cure2
 & if !y *anc$ to die1 !y ent]r$ !m     
likewise at ! cities *>ges4 ,b n[ 9     
respect ( ! great resort ( embassadors f
 out ( all c\ntries1 !y h cut (f ?is    
exp5se3 h[beit ! aunci5t cu/ome yet     

rema9e?1 namely1 to pres5t !mselves to !
 said (fic]s ( ! treasure1 & to be      
regi/r$ 9 _! booke4   #dd4    ,:y is x n
 lawfull = ,jupit]s prie/ to swe>e8     
,,is x because an o? m9i/]$ unto free   
borne m51 is z x 7 ! racke & torture    
t5dr$ unto !m8 = c]te9e x is1 t ! s\le z
 well z ! bodie ( ! prie/1 ought to     
cont9ue free1 & n be =c$ by any torture 
:atsoev]4  ,or1 = t x is n meet to      
di/ru/ or discr$it him 9 small matt]s1  
:o is beleev$ 9 great & div9e ?+s8  ,or 
r because e o? end$ ) ! dete/ation &    
mal$iction ( p]jurie3 & consid]+ t all  
mal$ictions be odi\s & abom9able2 !re=e 
x is n ?\ght good t any o!r prie/s      
:atsoev]1 %\ld curse or pron\nce any    
mal$iction3 & 9 ?is respect 0 !         
prie/resse ( ,m9]va 9 ,a!ns highly      
comm5d$1 = t %e w\ld nev] curse         
,alcibiades1 not)/&+ ! p comm&$ h] s to 
doe3 ,= ,i am 7quo? %e7 orde9$ a        
prie/resse to pray = m51 & n to curse   
!m4  ,or la/ ( all1 0 x because ! p]ill 
( p]jurie w\ld rea* 9 common to ! :ole  

common weal?1 if a wick$1 godlesse &    
=sworne p]son1 %\ld h ! *>ge &          
sup]9t5dance ( ! prai]s1 v[es1 &        
sacrifices made 9 ! behalfe ( ! citie4  
#de4    ,:at is ! reason t ^u ! fe/ivall
 day 9 ! hon\r ( ,v5us1   :i* solemnitie
 !y call ,v5]alia1 !y use to p[re foor? 
a great   quantitie ( w9e out ( ! temple
 ( ,v5us4  ,,is x z "s say ^u ?is       
occasion1 t ,mez5tius sometime capta9e  
g5]all ( ! ,tuscans1 s5t c]te9e         
embassadors unto ,a5eas1 ) commission to
 (f] peace unto him1 ^u ?is condition1 t
 he might receive all ! w9e ( t         
#adaye]es v9tage4 ,b :5 ,a5eas refus$ s 
to doe1 ,mez5tius 7= to enc\rage 8      
s\ldi]s ! ,tuskans to fight manfully7   
promis$ to be/[ w9e ^u !m :5 he _h woon 
! field3 b ,a5eas und]/&+ ( ?is promise 
( 81 consecrat$ & d$icat$ all ! said w9e
 unto ! gods3 & 9 true?1 :5 he _h obte9$
 ! victorie1 all ! w9e ( t ye]e1 :5 x 0 
gott5 & ga!r$ toge!r1 he p[r$ =? be=e ! 
temple ( ,v5us4  ,or1 :at if "o %\ld    
say1 t ?is do? symbolize ?us mu*3 ,t m5 

ought to be sob] ^u fe/ivall daies1 & n 
to celebrate su* solemnities )          
drunk5nesse2 z if ! gods take m pleasure
 to see !m %$ w9e ^u ! gr\nd1 ?an to    
p[re ov]mu* !re( d[ne _! ?roats8   #df4 
,:at is ! cause t 9 anci5t "t !y kept ! 
temple ( !   goddesse ,horta1 op5       
alwaies4  ,,:e!r 0 x 7z ,anti/ius ,labeo
 ha? left 9 writ+7 = t1 see+ ,hort>i 9 !
 ,lat9e tongue signifie? to incite &    
exhort1 !y ?\ght t ! goddesse call$     
,horta1 :i* /irre? & provoke? m5 unto ! 
ent]prise & execution ( good exploits1  
ought to be ev]more 9 action1 n to make 
delaies1 nor to be %ut up & lock$ )9    
dores1 ne yet to sit /ill & d no?+8  ,or
 r1 because z !y "n h] n[ a daies ,hora1
 ) ! =m] syllable long1 :o is a c]te9e  
indu/ri\s1 vigilant & busie goddesse1   
c>efull 9 _m ?+s3 !re=e be+ z %e is1 s  
circumspect & s wat*full1 !y ?\ght %e   
%\ld be nev] idle1 nor re*lesse ( m5s   
affaires4  ,or els1 ?is "n ,hora 7z _m  
o!rs besides7 is a me]e ,greeke ^w1 &   
signifie? a deitie or div9e p[]1 t ha?  

an eie to ov]looke1 to view & controll  
all ?+s2 & !re=e s9ce %e nev] sleepe?1  
nor laie? h] eies toge!r1 b is alwaies  
broad awake1 !re=e h] *ur* or *apel 0   
alwaies /&+ op54  ,b if x be s z ,labeo 
sai?1 t ?is ^w ,hora is rightly d]iv$ ( 
! ,greeke v]be  or 1 :i* signifie? to   
incite or provoke2 consid] bett]1 :e!r  
?is ^w ,orator also1 t is to say1 "o :o 
/irri? up1 exhorte?1 enc\rage?1 &       
advise? ! p1 z a prompt & ready         
c\nsell]1 be n d]iv$ likewise 9 ! same  
sort1 & n (  or 1 t is to say1 prai] &  
supplication1 z "s w\ld h x4   #dg4     
,:]e=e f\nd$ ,romulus ! temple (        
,vulcane )\t ! citie   ( ,rome8  ,,is x 
= ! jeal\sie 7:i* z fables d report7    
,vulcane _h ( ,m>s1 because ( 8 wife    
,v5us3 & s ,romulus be+ reput$ ! sonne (
 ,m>s1 w\ld n v\*safe him to inhabit &  
dwell 9 ! same citie ) him8 or is ?is a 
me]e fool]ie & s5selesse conceit8  ,b   
?is temple 0 built at ! fir/1 to be a   
*amb] & p>l\r ( privie c\nsell = him &  
,tatius :o reign$ ) him2 to ! end t     

meet+ & sitt+ !re 9 consultation toge!r 
) ! ,s5at\rs1 9 a place remote f all    
tr\bles & h9d]ances1 !y might delib]ate 
z t\*+ ! affaires ( ,/ate ) ease &      
quietnesse4  ,or r1 because ,rome f ! v 
fir/ f\ndation 0 subject to fire by     
casualtie1 hee ?\ght good to hon\r ?is  
god ( fire 9 "s sort1 b yet to place him
 )\t ! walles ( ! citie4   #dh4    ,:at 
is ! reason1 t ^u _! fe/ivall day call$ 
,consualia1   !y adorn$ ) g>l&s ( fl[]s 
z well _! asses z horses1 &   gave !m   
re/ & repose = ! "t8  ,,is x = t ?is    
solemnitie 0 hold5 9 ! hon\r ( ,neptune 
surnam$ ,eque/ris1 t is to say1 !       
horseman8 & ! asse ha? 8 "p ( ?is       
joyfull fea/1 = ! horses sake8  ,or1    
because t aft] navigation & transport+ (
 commodities by sea 0 n[ f\nd out & %ew$
 to ! _w1 !re grew by t meanes 79 "s    
sort7 bett] re/ & m ease to poore lab\r+
 bea/s ( draught & c>riage4   #di4      
,h[ comme? x to passe1 t ^? :o /ood =   
any (fice &   magi/racie1 7 woont by an 
old cu/ome 7z ,cato ha? writt57 to      

pres5t !mselves unto ! p 9 a s+le robe  
or loose g[ne1   )\t any coat at all "u 
x8  ,,0 x = fe>e le/ !y %\ld c>rie "u _!
 robes any money 9 _! bosomes1 = to     
corrupt1 bribe1 & buy 7z x 77 ! voices &
 suffrages ( ! p8  ,or 0 x because !y   
deem$ m5 woor?y to be>e publicke (fice &
 to gov]ne1 n by _! bir? & p>5tage1 by  
_! weal? & ri*es1 ne yet by _! %ew &    
outw>d reputation1 b by _! w\nds &      
sc>res to be se5e ^u _! bodies4 ,to !   
end !re=e1 t su* sc>res might be bett]  
expos$ to _! fight :om !y met or talk$  
)all1 !y w5t 9 ?is man] d[ne to ! place 
( election1 )\t inw>d coats 9 _! pla9e  
g[nes4  ,or haply1 because !y w\ld seeme
 by ?is nuditie & nak$nesse ( !irs1 9   
humilitie to debase !mselves1 ! soon]   
!reby to curry favor1 & w9 ! good grace 
( ! commons1 ev5 z well z by tak+ !m by 
! "r h&1 by suppliant crav+1 & by humble
 submission on _! v knees4   #ej4       
,:at is ! cause t ! ,flam5 or prie/ (   
,jupit]1 :5 8 wife   0 once dead1 us$ to
 give up 8 ,prie/hood or ,sac]dotall    

dignitie1   accord+ z ,ateius ha?       
record$ 9 8 hi/orie4  ,,0 x = t he :o   
once _h w$d$ a wife1 & aft]w>ds buri$   
h]1 0 m in=tunate1 ?an he :o nev] _h    
any8 = ! h\se ( him :o ha? m>i$ a wife1 
is entire & p]fect1 b 8 h\se :o once _h 
"o1 & n[ ha? none1 is n onely unp]fect1 
b also maim$ & lame8  ,or might x n bee 
t ! prie/s wife 0 consecrat$ also to    
div9e s]vice toge!r ) h] husb&2 = _m    
rites & c]emonies !re 71 :i* he alone   
c\ld n p]=me1 if 8 wife 7 n pres5t3 & to
 esp\se a new wife imm$iately ^u !      
decease ( ! o!r1 7 n p]adv5ture         
possible1 nor o!rwise w\ld well /& )    
dec5t & civill hone/y3 :]upon nei!r 9   
times pa/ 0 x lawful = him1 nor at ?is  
day z x %\ld seem1 is he p]mitt$ to put 
away 8 wife3 & yet 9 our age ,domitian  
at ! reque/ ( "o1 gave lic5ce s to doe3 
at ?is dissolution & brea* ( w$locke1   
o!r prie/s 7 pres5t & assi/ant1 :]e !re 
pass$ among !m _m /range1 hide\s1       
horrible1 & mon/r\s c]emonies4  ,b haply
 a man w\ld lesse wond] at ?is1 if ev]  

he knew & und]/ood be=e1 t :5 "o ( !    
,c5sors di$1 ! o!r ( necessity mu/      
likewise quit  resigne up 8 (fice4      
,h[beit1 :5 ,livius ,drusus 0 dep>t$ ?is
 life1 8 companion 9 (fice ,aemylius    
,scaurus1 w\ld n give ov] & r5\nce 8    
place1 untill su* "t z c]te9e ,tribunes 
( ! p1 = 8 contumacie comm&$1 t he %\ld 
be _h away to prison4   #ea4    ,:at 0 !
 reason t ! idols ,l>es1 :i* o!rwise    
prop]ly be   call$ ,pr/ites1 _h ! images
 ( a dogge /&+ h>d by !m1 &   ! ,l>es   
!mselves 7 portrai$ clad 9 dogges       
sk9nes8  ,,is x because ?is ^w ,pr/ites 
signifie? z mu* z 1 t is to say1        
,presid5ts1 or /&+ be=e z keep]s3 &     
v]ily su* ,presid5ts ought to be good   
h\se-keep]s1 & t]rible unto all /rang]s1
 l z a dogge is2 b g5tle & lov+ to ^? ( 
! h\se4  ,or r1 t :i* "s ( ! ,romans    
write is true1 l z ,*rysippus also !    
philosoph] is ( op9ion2 namely1 t !re be
 c]te9e evill spirits :i* goe ab\t walk+
 up & d[ne 9 ! _w2 & ^! be ! but*]s &   
torm5tors t ! gods imploy to puni% unju/

 & wick$ m53 & ev5 s ^! ,l>es are held  
to be maligne spirits1  no bett] ?an    
divels1 spy+ into m5s lives1 & pry+ into
 _! families2 :i* is ! cause t !y n[ be 
arrai$ 9 su* sk9nes1 & a dogge !y h     
sitt+ h>d by !m1 :]eby ?us mu* 9 effect 
is giv5 to und]/&1 t quicke s5t$ !y are1
 & ( great p[] bo? to hunt out1 & also  
to *a/ice leud p]sons4   #eb4    ,:at is
 ! cause t ! ,romans sacrifice a dogge  
unto ! goddesse   call$ ,g5ita-,mana1 & 
)all make "o prai] unto h]1 t none      
borne 9 ! h\se might ev] come to good8  
,,is x = t ?is ,g5ita-,mana is c\nt$ a  
,dmon or goddesse t ha? ! procuration & 
*>ge bo? ( ! g5]ation & also ( ! bir? ( 
?+s corruptible8 = surely ! ^w implie? z
 mu*1 z a c]te9e fluxion & g5]ation1 or 
r a g5]ation flu5t or fluxible3 & l z ! 
,greeks sacrific$ unto ,pros]p9a1 a dog1
 s d ! ,romans unto t ,g5ita1 = ^? :o   
are borne 9 ! h\se4 ,socrates also sai?1
 t ! ,argives sacrific$ a dogge unto    
,ili?ya1 = ! m easie & safe deliv]ance (
 *ild-bir?4 ,fur!rmore1 z t\*+ t ,prai]1

 t no?+ borne )9 ! h\se might ev] proove
 good1 x is n haply meant ( any p]sons1 
man or woman1 b ( dogges r :i* 7 :elp$  
!re2 :i* ought to be1 n k9de & g5tle1 b 
cur/ & t]rible4  ,or p]adv5ture1 = t !y 
#adbt die 7aft] an elegant man] ( spee*7
 be nam$ ,good or quiet3 "u ^! words !y 
cov]tly pray1 t none borne 9 ! h\se     
might die4 ,& ?is ne$ n to seeme a      
/range k9de ( spee*2 = ,ari/otle write?1
 t 9 a c]te9e treatie ( peace betwe5e ! 
,arcadians  ,lac$emonians1 ?is article 0
 compris$ 9 ! capitulations3 ,t !y %\ld 
make none #adc( ! ,tegeates1 ,good1 = ! 
aid !y s5t1 or fav\r t !y b>e unto !    
,lac$monians2 by :i* 0 meant1 t !y %\ld 
put none ( !m to dea?4   #ec4    ,:at is
 ! reason1 t 9 a solemne procession     
exhibit$ at !   ,capitol9e plaies1 !y   
proclame 7ev5 at ?is day7 by ! voice (  
an   h]ald1 port-sale ( ! ,s>dians8 &   
be=e all ?is solemnitie &   pompe1 !re  
is by waye ( mock]ie & to make a laugh+ 
/ocke1 an   olde man l$ 9 a %ew1 ) a    
jewell or broo* p5dant ab\t 8 necke1    

su* z noble m5s *ildr5 are woont to     
we>e1 & :i* !y call   ,bulla8  ,,is x = 
t ! ,vei5tians1 :o 9 times pa/ be+ a    
puissant ,/ate 9 ,tuscane1 made w>re a  
long "t ) ,romulus3 ^: citie be+ ! la/ t
 he woonne by =ce1 he made sale ( _m    
prison]s & captives1 toge!r ) _! k+1    
mock+ him = 8 /upiditie & grosse follie4
 ,n[ = t ! ,tuscans 9 anci5t "t 7       
desc5d$ f ! ,lydians1 & ! capitall citie
 ( ,lydia is ,s>dis1 !re=e !y proclam$ !
 sale ( ! ,vei5tian prison]s "u ! "n ( !
 ,s>dians2 & ev5 to ?is day 9 scorne &  
mock]ie1 !y rete9e /ill ! same cu/ome4  
#ed4    ,:5ce came x1 t !y call !       
%ambles or but*]ie at ,rome :]e   fle%  
is to be solde1 ,macellum8  ,,is x = t  
?is ^w ,macellum1 by corruption (       
language is d]iv$ ( 1 t 9 ! ,greek tonge
 signifie? a cooke8 l z _m o!r words by 
usage & cu/ome are come to be receiv$2 =
 ! lett] ,c4 ha? great aff9itie ) ,g4 9 
! ,romane tongue3 & long x 0 ere !y _h !
 use ( ,g4 :i* lett] ,spurius ,c>billius
 fir/ inv5t$4 ,moreov]1 !y t maffle &   

/amm] 9 _! spee*1 pron\nce ord9>ily ,l4 
in/ead ( ,r4  ,or ?is "q may be resolv$ 
bett] by ! k ( ! ,romane hi/orie3 = we  
reade !re91 t !re 0 sometime a viol5t   
p]son & a notori\s ?iefe at ,rome1 nam$ 
,macellus1 :o aft] he _h committ$ _m    
outrages & robb]ies1 0 ) mu* ado 9 ! end
 tak5 & puni%$3 & ( 8 goods :i* 7 =feit 
to ! ,/ate1 !re 0 built a publike       
%ambles or m>ket place to sell          
fle%-meats 91 :i* ( 8 "n 0 call$        
,macellum4   #ee4    ,:y ^u ! ,ides (   
,janu>ie1 ! m9/rels at ,rome :o plai$ ^u
   ! hautboies1 7 p]mitt$ to goe up &   
d[ne ! city disguis$ 9   wom5s app>ell8 
,,arose ?is fa%ion ^u t occasion :i* is 
report$8 namely1 t k+ ,numa _h grant$   
unto !m _m immunities & honorable       
privil$ges 9 8 "t1 = ! great devotion t 
hee _h 9 ! s]vice ( ! gods8 & = t       
aft]w>ds1 ! ,tribunes milit>ie :o gov]n$
 ! citie 9 ,consul> au?ority1 tooke !   
same f !m1 !y w5t _! way discont5t$1 &  
dep>t$ q f ! citie ( ,rome3 b soone     
aft]1 ! p _h a misse ( !m1 & besides1 ! 

prie/s made x a matt] ( consci5ce1 = t 9
 all ! sacrifices ?or[\t ! citie1 !re 0 
no s\nd ( flute or hautboies4 ,n[ :5 !y 
w\ld n returne aga9e 7be+ s5t =7 b made 
_! abode 9 ! citie ,tibur2 !re 0 a      
c]te9e afran*is$ bondslave :o secretly  
und]tooke unto ! magi/rates1 to f9de "s 
meanes = to fet* !m home4 ,s he caus$ a 
sumptu\s fea/ to be made1 z if he meant 
to celebrate "s solemne sacrifice1 &    
invit$ to x ! pip]s & plai]s ( !        
hautboies a=esaid3 & at ?is fea/ he     
tooke ord] !re %\ld be div]s wom5 also2 
& all night long !re 0 no?+ b pip+1     
play+1 s++ & danc+3 b all ( a sudd5 ?is 
ma/] ( ! fea/ caus$ a rumor to be rais$1
 t 8 "l & ma/] 0 come to take him 9 !   
man]2 :]eupon mak+ semblant t he 0 mu*  
tr\bl$ & affright$1 he p]swad$ ! m9/rels
 to m\nt ) all spe$ into close coat*es1 
cov]$ all ov] ) sk9nes1 & s to be c>ri$ 
to ,tibur4 ,b ?is 0 a deceitfull        
practise ( 82 = he caus$ ! coat*es to be
 turn$ ab\t ano!r way1 & unaw>es to !m2 
:o p>tly = ! d>k5esse ( ! night1 & 9 "p 

because !y 7 dr[sie & ! w9e 9 _! heads1 
tooke no he$ ( ! way1 he br\ght all to  
,rome betimes 9 ! morn+ by ! breake (   
day disguis$ z !y 71 _m ( !m 9 light    
col\r$ g[nes l wom51 :i* 7= t !y _h     
ov]-wat*$ & ov]-drunke !mselves7 !y _h  
put on1 & knew nor !r(4 ,!n be+ 7by !   
magi/rates7 ov]come ) faire words1 &    
reconcil$ aga9e to ! citie1 !y held ev] 
aft] ?is cu/ome e ye]e ^u su* a day3 ,to
 g up & d[ne ! citie ?us fooli%ly       
disguis$4   #ef4    ,:at is ! reason1 t 
x is commonly receiv$1 t c]te9 matrons  
( ! city at ! fir/ f\nd$ & built !      
temple ( ,c>m5ta1 &   to ?is day hon\r x
 highly ) great rev]5ce8  ,,= x is said1
 t ^u a "t ! ,s5at _h =bidd5 ! dames &  
wives ( ! city to ride 9 coat*es3       
:]eupon !y tooke su* a /omacke & 7 s    
despighte\s1 t to be rev5g$ ( _! husb&s1
 !y conspir$ altoge!r n to conceive or  
be ) *ild by !m1 nor to br+ !m any m    
babes3 & 9 ?is m9de !y p]si/$ /ill1     
untill _! husb&s began to be?9ke !m     
selves bett] ( ! matt]1 & let !m h _! w 

to ride 9 _! coat*es aga9e z be=e "t3 & 
!n !y began to bre$e & be>e *ildr5 a    
fre%3 & ^? :o soone/ conceiv$ & b>e mo/ 
& ) greate/ ease1 f\nd$ !n ! temple (   
,c>m5ta4 ,& z ,i suppose ?is ,c>m5ta 0 !
 "m ( ,ev&]1 :o came ) him into ,italy2 
^: "r "n inde$ 0 ,!mis1 or z "s say     
,nico/rata3 n[ = t %e r5dr$ propheticall
 answ]es & oracles 9 v]se1 ! ,lat9s     
surnam$ h] ,c>m5ta3 = v]ses 9 _! tongue 
!y call ,c>m9a4 ,o!rs are ( op9ion1 t   
,c>m5ta 0 "o ( ! ,de/9ies1 :i* is !     
cause t su* matrons & mo!rs sacrifice   
unto h]4 ,& ! ,etymologie ( ?is "n      
,c>m5ta1 is z mu* z ,c>5s m5te1 t is to 
say1 beside h] "r wits or be/raught1 by 
reason t h] s5ses 7 s ravi%$ &          
transport$3 s t h] v]ses gave h] n ! "n 
,c>m5ta1 b contr>iwise1 h] v]ses 7 call$
 ,c>m9a ( h]1 because :5 %e 0 ?us ravi%$
 & c>i$ beside h]selfe1 %e *ant$ c]te9e 
oracles & prophesies 9 v]se4   #eg4     
,:at is ! cause t ! wom5 :o sacrifice   
unto ! goddesse   ,rum9a1 doe p[re & ca/
 /ore ( milke ^u _! sacrifice1 b no     

w9e at all d !y br+ ?i!r = to be drunke8
  ,,is x1 = t ! ,lat9s 9 _! tongue call 
a pap1 ,ruma8 ,& well x may s be1 = t ! 
wilde figge tree ne]e unto :i* ! %e     
wolfe gave sucke ) h] teats unto        
,romulus1 0 9 t respect call$ ,ficus    
,rum9alis4 ,l z !re=e we "n 9 our       
,greeke language ^? mil* n\rses t suckle
 yoong infants at _! bre/s1 ,!lona1 be+ 
a ^w d]iv$ ( ,!le1 :i* signifie? a pap2 
ev5 s ?is goddesse ,rum9a1 :i* is z mu* 
to say1 z ,nurse1 & "o t take? ! c>e &  
*>ge ( n\ri%+ & re>+ up ( infants1      
admitte? n 9 h] sacrifices any w9e2 = t 
x is hurtfull to ! n\riture ( little    
babes & suckl+s4   #eh4    ,:at is !    
reason t ( ! ,romane ,s5at\rs1 "s are   
call$   simply1 ,patres2 o!rs ) an      
addition1 ,patres conscripti8  ,,is x = 
t !y fir/1 :o 7 in/itut$ & orde9$ by    
,romulus1 7 nam$ ,patres  ,patritii1 t  
is to say1 ,g5tlem5 or ,nobly borne1 su*
 z we 9 ,greece1 te>me ,eupatrides8  ,or
 r !y 7 s call$1 because !y c\ld av\* & 
%ew _! fa!rs2 b su* z 7 adjo9$ aft]w>ds 

by way ( supply1 & enroll$ out ( !      
,common]s h\ses1 7 ,patres conscripti1  
!reupon8   #ei4    ,:]e=e 0 !re "o alt> 
common to ,h]cules & ! ,muses8  ,,may x 
n be1 t = ,h]cules taught ,ev&] !       
lett]s1 accord+ z ,juba write?8 ,c]tes1 
9 ^? daies x 0 acc\nt$ an honh\rable    
(fice = m5 to tea* _! k9sefolke & fri5ds
 to spell lett]s1 & to reade4 ,= a long 
"t aft] x1 & b ( late daies x 01 t !y   
began to tea* = hire & = money3 & ! fir/
 t ev] 0 kn[5 to keepe a publicke s*oole
 = read+1 0 "o nam$ ,spurius ,c>bilius1 
! fre$ s]vant ( t ,c>bilius :o fir/ put 
away 8 wife4   #fj4    ,:at is ! reason1
 t !re be+ two alt>s d$icat$ unto       
,h]cules1 wom5 are n p>tak]s ( ! great]1
 nor ta/ "o :it (   t :i* is (f]$ or    
sacrific$ !reupon8  ,,is x1 because z ! 
report goes ,c>m5ta came n soone en\gh  
to be assi/ant unto ! sacrifice3 no m   
did ! family ( ! ,p9>ij1 :]eupon !y     
tooke t "n8 = 9 reg>d t !y came t>die1  
admitt$ !y 7 n to ! fea/ ) o!rs :o made 
good *e]e2 & !re=e got ! "n ,p9>ij1 z if

 "o w\ld say1 p9$ or fami%$8  ,or r x   
may allude unto ! tale t goe? ( ! %irt  
empoison$ ) ! blood ( ,nessus !         
,c5taure1 :i* ladie ,deianira gave unto 
,h]cules4   #fa4    ,h[ comme? x to     
passe1 t x is expresly =bidd5 at ,rome1 
ei!r   to "n or to demaund ought z t\*+ 
! ,tutel> god1 :o ha? 9   p>ticul>      
recomm5dation & patronage1 ! safetie &  
pres]vation (   ! citie ( ,rome3 nor s  
mu* z to enquire :e!r ! said deitie be  
male or female8 ,& v]ely ?is prohibition
 proce$e? f a   sup]/iti\s fe>e t !y h2 
= t !y say t ,val]ius   ,soranus di$ an 
ill dea?1 because he presum$ to utt] &  
publi% s   mu*4  ,,is x 9 reg>d ( a     
c]ta9e reason t "s lat9 hi/orians d     
all$ge2 namely1 t !re be c]ta9e         
evocations & en*ant+s ( ! gods by spels 
& *>mes1 ?r\gh ! p[] :]e( !y are (      
op9ion1 t !y might be able to call =? & 
draw away ! ,tutel> gods ( _! enemies1 &
 to cause !m to come & dwell ) !m3 &    
!re=e ! ,romans be afraid le/ !y may d z
 mu* = !m8 ,=1 l z 9 times pa/ !        

,tyrians1 z we f9d ^u record1 :5 _!     
citie 0 besieg$1 en*a9$ ! images ( _!   
gods to _! %r9es1 = fe>e !y w\ld ab&on  
_! citie & be gone2 & z o!rs dem&$      
pl$ges & sureties t !y %\ld come aga9e  
to _! place1 :5soev] !y s5t !m to any   
ba? to be wa%$1 or let !m g to any      
expiation to be cl5s$2 ev5 s ! ,romans  
?\ght1 t to be altoge!r unkn[5 & n once 
nam$1 0 ! be/ meanes1 & sure/ way to    
keepe ) _! ,tutel> god4  ,or r1 z ,hom] 
v]ie well wrote3    ,! e>? to m5 all1 is
 common great & small3  ,t !reby m5 %\ld
 wor%ip all ! gods1 & hon\r ! e>?2 see+ 
%e is common to !m all3 ev5 s ! anci5t  
,romans h conceal$ & suppresse ! god or 
angell :i* ha? ! p>ticul> g>d ( _!      
citie1 to ! end t _! citiz5s %\ld adore1
 n him alone b all o!rs likewise4   #fb4
    ,:at is ! cause t among ^? prie/s   
:om !y "n ,fciales1   signify+ z mu* z 9
 greeke 1 t is to say1 ,(fic]s   go+    
betwe5 to make treatie ( peace2 or 1 t  
is to say1   ,ag5ts = truce & leagues1  
he :om !y call ,pat] ,patratus is       

e/eem$ ! *iefe/8 ,n[ ,pat] ,patratus is 
he1 ^: fa!r is yet   liv+1 :o ha? *ildr5
 ( 8 owne3 & 9 tru? ?is *iefe ,fcial or 
,h]ault ha? /ill at ?is day a c]ta9     
pr]ogative1  special cr$it   above !    
re/4 ,= ! emp]\rs !mselves1 & g5]all    
capta9s1 if   !y h any p]sons ab\t !m :o
 9 reg>d ( ! prime ( y\?1 or   ( _!     
beautifull bodies _h ne$ ( a fai?full1  
dilig5t1 & tru/ie   gu>d1 commit !m     
ord9>ily into ! h&s ( su* z ^!1 = safe  
cu/odie4  ,,is x n1 = t ^! ,patres      
,patrati1 = rev]5t fe>e ( _! fa!rs ( "o 
side1 & = mode/ %ames to sc&alize or    
(f5d _! *ildr5 on ! o!r side1 are en=c$ 
to be wise & discreet8  ,or may x n be1 
9 reg>d ( t cause :i* _! v]ie d5om9ation
 do? m9i/] & decl>e3 = ?is ^w ,,patratus
 signifie? z mu* z compleat1 entire &   
accompli%$1 z if he 7 "o m p]fect &     
absolute e way ?an ! re/1 z be+ s       
happie1 z to h 8 owne fa!r liv+1 & be a 
fa!r also himselfe4  ,or is x n1 = t !  
man :o ha? ! sup]9t5d5ce ( treaties (   
peace1 & ( o!s1 ought to see z ,hom]    

sai?1    1 t is to say1 be=e & beh9d4 ,&
 9 all reason su* an "o is he l to be1  
:o ha? a *ild = :om1 & a fa!r ) :om he  
may consult4   #fc4    ,:at is ! reason1
 t ! (fic] at ,rome call$ ,rex sacrorum1
   t is to say1 ! k+ ( sacrifices1 is   
deb>r$ bo? f ex]cis+   any magi/racie1 &
 also to make a spee* unto ! p 9 publike
   place8  ,,is x = t 9 old "t1 ! k+s   
!mselves 9 p]son p]=m$ ! mo/ "p ( sacr$ 
rites1 & ^? t 7 great]1 yea & toge!r ) !
 prie/s (f]$ sacrifices2 b by reason t  
!y grew insol5t1 pr\d1 & arrogant1 s z  
!y became intoll]able1 mo/ ( ! ,greeke  
nations1 depriv$ !m ( ?is au?oritie1 &  
left unto !m ! prehem95ce onely to (f]  
publike sacrifice unto ! gods3 b !      
,romans hav+ cleane *as$ & expell$ _!   
k+s1 e/abli%$ 9 _! /ead ano!r "u (fic]  
:om !y call$ ,k+1 unto :om !y grant$ !  
ov]sight & *>ge ( sacrifices onely1 b   
p]mitt$ him n to ex]cise or execute any 
(fice ( ,/ate1 nor to int]m$le 9 publick
 affaires2 to ! end x %\ld be kn[5 to ! 
:ole _w1 t !y w\ld n suff] any p]son to 

raigne at ,rome1 b onely ov] ! c]emonies
 ( sacrifices1 nor endure ! v]ie "n (   
,roialtie1 b 9 respect ( ! gods4 ,& to  
?is purpose ^u ! v]ie common place ne]e 
unto ,comitium2 !y use to h a solemn    
sacrifice = ! good e/ate ( ! citie2 :i* 
s soone z ev] ?is k+ ha? p]=m$1 he take?
 8 legs & runnes out ( ! place1 z fa/ z 
ev] he c4   #fd4    ,:y suff] n !y !    
table to be tak5 cleane away1 & void$ q1
   b w h some:at alwaies rema9+ ^u x8   
,,give !y n he]eby cov]tly to und]/&1 t 
wee ought ( t :i* is pres5t to res]ve   
ev]more some?+ = ! "t to come1 & on ?is 
day to rememb] ! morr[4  ,or ?\ght !y x 
n a po9t ( civill hone/y & elegance1 to 
represse & keepe d[ne _! appetite :5 !y 
h be=e !m en\gh /ill to cont5t &        
satisfie x to ! full2 = lesse w !y      
desire t :i* !y h n1 :5 !y accu/ome     
!mselves to ab/e9e f t :i* !y h4  ,or is
 n ?is a cu/ome ( c\rtesie & humanitie  
to _! dome/icall s]vants1 :o are n s    
well pleas$ to take _! victuals simply1 
z to p>take ! same1 suppos+ t by ?is    

meanes 9 "s sort !y doe p>ticipate ) _! 
ma/]s at ! table4  ,or r is x n1 because
 we ought to suff] no sacr$ ?+ to be    
emptie2 & ! boord y wot well is held    
sacr$4   #fe4    ,:at is ! reason t !   
,bridegrome comme? ! fir/ "t to lie   ) 
8 new w$d$ bride1 n ) any light b 9 !   
d>ke8  ,,is x because he is yet aba%$1 z
 tak+ h] to be a /rang] & n 8 owne1 be=e
 he ha? compani$ c>nally ) h]8  ,or = t 
he w\ld !n acqua9t himselfe1 to come ev5
 unto 8 owne esp\s$ wife ) %amefac$nesse
 & mode/ie8  ,or r1 l z ,solon 9 8      
,/atutes orde9$1 t ! new m>ri$ wife %\ld
 eat ( a qu9ce be=e %e ent] into ! bride
 b$-*amb]1 to ! end t ?is fir/ enc\nt] &
 embrac+1 %\ld n be odi\s or unpleasant 
to h] husb&8 ev5 s ! ,romane law-giv]   
w\ld hide 9 ! obscuritie ( d>k5esse1 !  
de=mities & imp]fections 9 ! p]son ( !  
bride1 if !re 7 any4  ,or haply ?is 0   
in/itut$ to %ew h[ s9full & damnable all
 unlawfull companie ( man & woman toge!r
 is1 see+ t :i* is lawfull & all[$1 is n
 )\t "s blemi% & note ( %ame4   #ff4    

,:y is "o ( ! races :]e horses use to   
runne1 call$ ! ,cirque   or ,flam9ius4  
,,is x = t 9 old "t an anci5t ,romane   
nam$ ,flam9ius gave unto ! citie1 a     
c]te9e piece ( gr\nd1 !y emploi$ ! r5t &
 rev5ues !re( 9 runn+s ( horses1 &      
*>iots3 & = t !re 0 a surplussage rema9+
 ( ! said l&s1 !y be/[$ ! same 9 pav+ t 
high way or causey1 call$ ,via ,flam9ia1
 t is to say1 ,flam9ia /reet8   #fg4    
,:y are ! ,s]geants or (fic]s :o c>ie ! 
knit*es ( rods be=e   ! magi/rates (    
,rome1 call$ ,lictores4  ,,is x because 
^! 7 !y :o b\nd malefactors1 & :o foll[$
 aft] ,romulus1 z 8 gu>d1 ) cords &     
lea!r ?ongs ab\t !m 9 _! bosomes8 ,&    
v]ily ! common p ( ,rome :5 !y w\ld say 
to b9de or tie fa/1 use ! ^w ,allig>e1 &
 su* z speake m pure & prop] ,lat91     
,lig>e4  ,or is x1 = t n[ ! lett] ,c is 
int]ject$ )9 ?is ^w1 :i* be=e "t 0      
,litores1 z "o w\ld say 1 t is to say1  
(fic]s ( publike *>ge2 = no man !re is 9
 a man]1 ignorant1 t ev5 at ?is day 9 _m
 cities ( ,greece1 ! common-weal? or    

publicke /ate is writt5 9 _! lawes by ! 
"n ( 3   #fh4    ,:]e=e doe ! ,lup]ci at
 ,rome sacrifice a ,dogge8 ,n[ ^!       
,lup]ci are c]te9e p]sons :o ^u a       
fe/ivall day call$   ,lup]calia1 runne  
?r\gh ! citie all nak$1 save t !y h     
aprons onely be=e _! privy p>ts1 c>y+   
lea!r :ippes 9 _!   h&s1 :]e) !y flappe 
& sc\rge :omsoev] !y meet 9 !   /reets4 
,,is all ?is c]emoniall action ( !irs a 
purification ( ! citie8 :]eupon !y call 
! mone? :]e9 ?is is done ,febru>ius1    
yea1 & ! v day x selfe ,febrat51 l z !  
man] ( squit*+ ) a lea!r sc\rge         
,febru>e1 :i* v]be signifie? z mu* z to 
purge or purifie8  ,& v]ily ! ,greeks1 9
 man] all1 7 wont 9 times pa/1 & s !y   
cont9ue ev5 at ?is day1 9 all _!        
expiations1 to kill a dogge = sacrifice4
 ,unto ,hecate also !y br+ foor? among  
o!r expiatorie oblations1 c]te9e little 
dogges or :elpes3 su* also z h ne$e (   
cl5s+ & purify+1 !y wipe & sc\re all ov]
 ) :elpes sk9nes1 :i* man] (            
purification !y te>me ,p]iscylacismos4  

,or r is x = t ,lupus signifie? a       
woolfe1  ,lup]calia1 or ,lyca1 is ! fea/
 ( wolves3 n[ a dogge naturally1 be+ an 
enemie to woolves1 !re=e at su* fea/s !y
 sacrific$ a dogge4  ,or p]adv5ture1    
because dogges b>ke & bay at ^! ,lup]ci1
 tr\bl+ & disquiet+ !m z !y runne up &  
d[ne ! city 9 man] a=esaid4  ,or else   
la/ ( all1 = t ?is fea/ & sacrifice is  
solemniz$ 9 ! honor ( god ,pan2 :o z y  
wot well is pleas$ well en\gh ) a dogge1
 9 reg>d ( 8 flocks ( goates4   #fi4    
,:at is ! cause t 9 aunci5t "t1 at !    
fea/ call$   ,septimontium1 !y obs]v$   
precisely n to use any coa*es draw5 )   
/e$s1 no m ?an ^? doe at ?is day1 :o are
 obs]vant ( old   in/itutions & doe n   
despise !m4 ,n[ ?is ,septimontium is a  
fe/ivall solemnity1 celabrat$ 9         
memoriall ( a sev5? m\nta9e1 t   0      
adjo9$ & tak5 into ! p\rprise ( ,rome   
citie1 :i* by ?is   meanes came to h    
sev5 hilles enclos$ )9 ! prec9ct !re(8  
,,:e!r 0 x z "s ,romans doe imag9e1 = t 
! city 0 n z yet conjunct & compos$ (   

all h] p>ts8 ,or if ?is may seeme an    
imp]t95t conjecture1 & no?+ to !        
purpose3 may x n be 9 ?is respect1 t !y 
?\ght !y _h at*iev$1 a great piece (    
worke1 :5 !y _h ?us amplifi$ & enl>g$ ! 
compasse ( ! citie1 ?9k+ t n[ x ne$$ n  
to proce$ any fur!r 9 greatnesse &      
capacitie3 9 consid]ation :]e(1 !y      
repos$ !mselves1 & caus$ likewise _!    
lab\r+ bea/s ( draught & c>iage to re/1 
^: helpe !y _h us$ 9 f9i%+ ( ! said     
enclosure1 will+ t !y also %\ld enjoy 9 
common ) !m1 ! b5efit ( t solemne fea/4 
,or else we may suppose by ?is1 h[      
desir\s !y 7 t _! citiz5s %\ld solemnize
 & hon\r ) _! p]sonall pres5ce all fea/s
 ( ! citie1 b especially t :i* 0 orde9$ 
& in/itut$ = ! peopl+ & augm5t+ !re(3 = 
:i* cause !y 7 n p]mitt$ ^u ! day ( !   
d$ication1 & fe/ival memorial ( x1 to   
put any horses 9 ge]es or h>nesse = to  
draw2 = t !y 7 n at su* a "t to ride =? 
( ! citie4   #gj4    ,:y call !y ^? :o  
are depreh5d$ or tak5 9 !ft1 pilf]ie or 
su* l s]vile trespasses1 ,furcif]os1 z  

"o w\ld say1 ,=k   be>]s4  ,,is n ?is   
also an evid5t argum5t ( ! great        
dilig5ce & c>efull reg>d t 0 9 _!       
anci5ts8 ,= :5 ! mai/] ( ! family _h    
surpris$ "o ( 8 s]vants or slaves1      
committ+ a lewd & wick$ pranck1 he      
commaund$ him to take up & c>rie ^u 8   
necke betwe5e 8 %\ld]s a =k$ piece (    
wood1 su* z !y use to put "u ! spire ( a
 *>iot or wa9e1 & s to g )all 9 ! op5   
view ( ! _w ?r\gh\t ! /reet1 yea & !    
p>i% :]e he dwelt1 to ! end t e man f   
!nce =? %\ld take he$ ( him4 ,?is piece 
( wood we 9 ,greeke call 1 & ! ,romanes 
9 ! ,lat9 tongue ,furca1 t is to say1 a 
=k$ prop or support]3 & !re=e he t is   
=c$ to c>ie su* an "o1 is by repro* t]m$
 ,furcif]4   #ga4    ,:]e=e use !       
,romans to tie a wisp ( hey unto !      
hornes ( k9e1   & o!r beefes1 t are     
woont to boak & be cur/ ) _! heads1   t 
by ! meanes !re( folke might take he$ ( 
!m1 & looke   bett] to !mselves :5 !y   
come 9 _! way8  ,,is x n = t beefes1    
horses1 asses1 yea & m5 become fi]ce1   

insol5t1 & dang]\s1 if !y be highly kept
 & pamp]$ to ! full8 accord+ z          
,sophocles said3    ,l z ! colt or jade 
do? w9se & kick1   ,9 case he f9d 8     
prov5d] to prick3   ,ev5 s d'/ ?\3 = lo1
 ?y paun* is full   ,?y *eeks be puft1 l
 to "s gre$ie gull4  ,& !reupon !       
,romans gave out1 t ,m>cus ,crassus c>i$
 hey on 8 horne3 = h[soev] !y w\ld seeme
 to let flie & c>pe at o!rs1 :o dealt 9 
! affaires ( ,/ate1 & gov]nm5t1 yet     
bew>e !y w\ld h[ !y comm]s$ ) him z be+ 
a daung]\s man1 & "o :o c>i$ a rev5g+   
m9d to z _m z m$l$ ) him4 ,h[beit x 0   
said aft]w>ds aga9e on ! o!r side1 t    
,cs> _h pluck$ ! hey f ,crassus 8 horne3
 = he 0 ! fir/ man t oppos$ himselfe1 & 
made head aga9/ him 9 ! managem5t ( !   
,/ate1 & 9 "o ^w set n a /raw by him4   
#gb4    ,:at 0 ! cause t !y ?\ght ^?    
prie/s :o obs]v$   bird-flight1 su* z 9 
old "t !y call$ ,aruspices1 & n[ a      
daies ,augures1 ought to h _! lant]ns & 
lamps alwaies op51 &   n to put any lid 
or cov] ov] !m8  ,,may x n be1 t l z !  

old ,py?agorean ,philosoph]s by small   
matt]s signifi$ & impli$ ?+s ( great    
consequ5ce1 z namely1 :5 !y =bad _!     
disciples to sit ^u ! measure ,*nix2 &  
to /irre fire1 or rake ! he>? ) a sword2
 eu5 s ! anci5t ,romans us$ _m nigmes1 t
 is to say1 outw>d signes & figures     
betok5+ "s hidd5 & secret my/]ies2      
especially ) _! prie/s 9 holy & sacr$   
?+s1 l z ?is is ( ! lampe or lant]ne1   
:i* symbolize? 9 "s sort ! bodie t      
conta9e? our s\le4 ,= ! s\le )9         
resemble? ! light1 & x behoove? t !     
intellig5t & reasonable "p !re( %\ld be 
alwaies op51 ev]more int5tive & see+1 & 
at no "t enclos$ & %ut up1 nor bl[5 ^u  
by w9d4 ,= looke :5 ! w9ds be al(t1     
f[les 9 _! flight keepe no c]ta9tie1    
nei!r c !y yeeld assur$ presages1 by    
reason ( _! v>iable & w&]+ in/abilitie3 
& !re=e by ?is c]emoniall cu/ome !y tea*
 ^? :o d div9e & =tell by ! flight (    
birds1 n to g =? = to take _! auspices &
 obs]vations :5 ! w9d is up1 b :5 ! aire
 is /ill1 & s calme1 t a man may c>ie a 

lant]ne op5 & uncov]$4   #gc4    ,:y 7  
^! ,s\?sai]s or ,augures =bidd5 to g    
abroad1 = to   obs]ve ! flight ( birds1 
9 case !y _h any sore or ulc] ^u   _!   
bodies8  ,,0 n ?is also a significant   
tok5 to put !m 9 m9de1 t !y ought n to  
deale 9 ! div9e s]vice ( ! gods1 nor    
m$dle ) holy & sacr$ ?+s if !re 7 any   
secret matt] t gnaw$ _! m9ds1 or s long 
z any private ulc] or passion setl$ 9 _!
 he>ts3 b to be void ( sadnesse &       
griefe1 to be s\nd & s9c]e1 & n di/ract$
 by any tr\ble :atsoev]8  ,or1 because x
 /&e? to good reason2 t if x be n       
lawfull nor all[able = !m to (f] unto ! 
gods = an oa/ or sacrifice any bea/ t is
 scabb$1 or ha? a sore ^u x1 nor to take
 presage by ! flight ( su* birds z are  
maungie1 !y ought m /rictly & precisely 
to looke into _! owne p]sons 9 ?is      
behalfe1 & n to presume = to obs]ve     
cele/iall progno/ications & signes f !  
gods1 unlesse !y be !mselves pure &     
holy1 undefil$1 & n defective 9 _! owne 
selves3 = surely an ulc] seeme? to be 9 

man] ( a mutilation & pollution ( !     
bodie4   #gd4    ,:y did k+ ,s]vius     
,tullus f\nd & build a temple ( little  
,=tune   :i* !y call$ 9 ,lat9e ,brevis  
=tun1 t is to say1 ( ,%ort   =tune8  ,,0
 x n ?9ke y 9 respect ( 8 owne selfe1 :o
 be+ at ! fir/ ( a small & base         
condition1 z be+ borne ( a captive      
woman1 by ! fav\r ( ,=tune grew to s    
great an e/ate t he 0 k+ ( ,rome8  ,or =
 t ?is *ange 9 him %ewe? r ! might &    
greatnesse1 ?an ! debilitie & smallnesse
 ( ,=tune4 ,we are to say1 t ?is k+     
,s]vius deifi$ ,=tune1  attribut$ unto  
h] m div9e p[] ?an any o!r1 z hav+      
entitul$ & impos$ h] "n almo/ ^u e      
action3 = n onely he erect$ temples unto
 ,=tune1 by ! "n ( ,puissant1 ( ,div]t+ 
ill lucke1 ( ,sweet1 ,fav\rable to !    
fir/ borne & mascul9e2 b also !re is "o 
temple besides1 ( private or prop]      
,=tune2 ano!r ( ,=tune return$2 a ?ird (
 confid5t ,=tune & hop+ well2 & a f\r? (
 ,=tune ! virg9e4 ,& :at %\ld a man     
reckon up o!r surnames ( h]s1 see+ !re  

is a temple d$icat$ 7=soo?7 to glew+    
,=tune1 :om !y call$ ,viscata2 z if we 7
 giv5 !reby to und]/&1 t we are caught  
by h] af>re (f1 & ev5 ti$ 7z x 77 )     
bird-lime to bus9esse & affaires4  ,b   
consid] ?is moreov]1 t he hav+ kn[5 by  
exp]i5ce :at great p[] %e ha? 9 humane  
?+s1 h[ little soev] %e seeme to be1 &  
h[ (t5 a small matt] 9 hapn+ or n hapn+ 
ha? giv5 occasion to "s1 ei!r to misse (
 great exploits1 or to at*eive z great  
ent]prises1 :e!r 9 ?is respect1 he built
 n a temple to little ,=tune1 tea*+ m5  
!reby to be alwaies /udi\s1 c>efull &   
dilig5t1 & n to despise any occurr5ces  
h[ small soev] !y be4   #ge4    ,:at is 
! cause t !y nev] put foor? ! light ( a 
lampe1 b   suff]$ x to goe out ( ! owne 
accord8  ,,0 x n 7?9ke y7 uppon a c]te9e
 rev]5t devotion t !y b>e unto t fire1 z
 be+ ei!r c\s5 g]ma9e1 or bro!r unto t  
inext+uible & immortall fire4  ,or r1 0 
x n = "s o!r secret adv]tism5t1 to tea* 
u n to violate or kill any ?+ :atsoev] t
 ha? life1 if x hurt n u fir/2 z if fire

 7 a liv+ creature3 = ne$ x ha? (       
n\ri%m5t & move? ( x selfe3 & if a man  
doe squ5* x1 surely x utt]e? a k9de (   
voice & scricke1 z if a man kill$ x4    
,or c]te9ly ?is fa%ion & cu/ome receiv$ 
s usually1 %ewe? u t we ought n to m>re 
or spoile1 ei!r fire or wat] or any o!r 
?+ necess>ie1 aft] we our selves h done 
) x1 & h _h suffici5t use !re(1 b to    
suff] x to s]ve o!r m5s turnes :o h ne$1
 aft] t we ourselves h no imploim5t = x4
   #gf4    ,h[ comme? x to passe t ^? :o
 are def5d$ ( ! mo/ noble   & aunci5t   
h\ses ( ,rome1 c>i$ little moones ^u _! 
%oes4  ,,is ?is 7z ,ca/or sai?7 a signe 
( ! habitation :i* is report$ to be )9 !
 bodie ( ! moone8  ,or = t aft] dea?1   
our spirits & gho/s %all h ! moone "u   
!m8  ,or r1 because ?is 0 a m>ke or     
badge prop] unto ^? :o 7 reput$ mo/     
anci5t1 z 7 ! ,arcadians desc5d$ f      
,ev&]1 :o ^u ?is occasion 7 call$       
,prosel5i1 z "o w\ld say1 borne be=e !  
moone8  ,or1 because ?is cu/ome z _m    
o!rs1 admoni%e? ^? :o are lift$ up too  

high1 & take s great pride 9 !mselves1 (
 ! inc]titude & in/abilitie ( ?is life1 
& ( humane affaires1 ev5 by ! example ( 
! moone1    ,:o at ! fir/ do? new &     
yoong appe]e1   ,:]e z be=e %e made no  
%ew at all2   ,& s h] light increase?   
faire & cle]e1   ,untill h] face be r\nd
 & full )all3   ,b !n anon %e do? beg9  
to fall1   ,& backw>d wane f all ?is    
beautie gay1   ,untill aga9e %e vani%   
cleane away4  ,or 0 n ?is an holsome    
lesson & in/ruction ( ob$i5ce1 to tea* &
 advise m5 to obey _! sup]iors1  n to   
?9ke mu* = to be "u o!rs3 b l z ! moone 
is will+ to give e>e 7z x 77 & apply h] 
selfe to h] bett]1 cont5t to be rang$ 9 
a second place1 & z ,p>m5ides sai?1     
,hav+ aneie & due reg>d   ,alwaies !    
bright ,sun beames t[>d2  ev5 s !y ought
 to re/ 9 a second degree1 to foll[     
aft]1 & be "u ! conduct & direction (   
ano!r1 :o sitte? 9 ! fir/ place1 & ( 8  
p[]1 au?ority & honor1 9 "s measure to  
enjoy a "p4   #gg4    ,:y ?9k !y ! ye]es
 d$icat$ to ,jupit]1 & ! mone?s to      

,juno8  ,,may x n be = t ( ,gods        
invisible & :o are no o!r wise se5e b by
 ! eies ( our und]/&+3 ^? t reigne z    
pr9ces be ,jupit] & ,juno2 b ( !        
visible1 ! ,sun & ,moone8 ,n[ ! ,sun is 
he :o cause? ! ye]e1 & ! ,moone make? ! 
mone?4 ,nei!r are we to ?9ke1 t ^! be   
onely & simply ! figures & images ( !m3 
b beleeve we mu/1 t ! mat]iall ,sun :i* 
we behold1 is ,jupit]1 & ?is mat]iall   
,moone1 ,juno4 ,& ! reason :y !y call h]
 ,juno1 7:i* ^w is z mu* to say z yoong 
or new7 is 9 reg>de ( ! c\rse ( !       
,moone3 & o!r:iles !y surname h] also   
,juno-,luc9a1 t is to say2 light or %9+3
 be+ ( op9ion t %e helpe? wom5 9 travell
 ( *ild-bir?1 l z ! ,moone do?1 accord+ 
to ^! v]ses3    ,by />res t turne full  
r\nd 9 ,azur skie3   ,by ,moone :o helps
 *ild-bir?s "r spe$ily4  ,= x seeme? t  
wom5 at ! full ( ! moone be mo/ easily  
deliv]$ ( *ildbir?4   #gh4    ,:at is ! 
cause t 9 obs]v+ bird-flight1 t :i* is  
pres5t$   on ! #addleft h& is reput$    
lucky & prosp]\s8  ,,is n ?is altoge!r  

untrue1 & are n _m m5 9 an err\r by     
ignorance ( ! equivocation ( ! ^w       
,s9i/rum1  _! man] ( ,dialect2 = t :i*  
we 9 ,greeke call 1 t is to say1 on !   
auke or left h&1 !y say 9 ,lat91        
,s9i/rum2 & t :i* signifie? to p]mit1 or
 let be1 !y expresse by ! v]be ,s9]e1 & 
:5 !y w a man to let a ?+ alone1 !y say 
unto him1 ,s9e2 :]eupon x may seeme t   
?is ^w ,s9i/rum is d]iv$4 ,t presag+    
bird !n1 :i* p]mitte? & suffre? an      
action to be done1 be+ z x 7 ,s9i/]ion2 
! vulg> sort suppose 7?\gh n aright7 to 
be ,s9i/rum1 t is to say1 on ! left h&1 
& s !y te>me x4  ,or may x n be r z     
,dionysius sai?1 = t :5 ,ascanius !     
sonne ( ,a5eas wanne a field aga9/      
,mez5tius z ! two armies /ood arrang$ "o
 affront+ ! o!r 9 battel ray1 x ?undr$  
on 8 left h&2 & because !reupon he      
obte9$ ! victory1 !y deem$ ev5 !n1 t ?is
 ?und] 0 a tok5 presag+ good1 & = t     
cause obs]v$ x1 ev] aft] s to fall out4 
,o!rs ?9ke t ?is presage & =etok5 ( good
 lucke hapn$ unto ,a5eas3 & v]ily at !  

battell ( ,leuctres1 ! ,!banes began to 
breake ! ranks ( _! enemies1 & to       
discomfit !m ) ! left w+ ( _! battel1 & 
!reby 9 ! end at*iev$ a brave victorie2 
:]eupon ev] aft] 9 all _! conflicts1 !y 
gave pref]5ce & ! hon\r ( lead+ & giv+ !
 fir/ *>ge1 to ! left w+4  ,or r1 is x n
 z ,juba write?1 because t :5 we looke  
t[>d ! sunne ris+1 ! ,nor? side is on   
our left h&1 & "s w say1 t ! ,nor? is ! 
"r side & upp] "p ( ! :ole _w4  ,b      
consid] ,i pray y1 :e!r ! left h& be+ ! 
weak] ( ! twa9e1 ! presages comm+ on t  
side1 doe n =tifie & support ! defect ( 
puissance :i* x ha?1 & s make x z x 7   
ev5 & equall to ! o!r8  ,or r consid]+ t
 e>?ly & mortall ?+s !y suppos+ to be   
opposite unto ^? t be heav5ly &         
immortall1 did n imag9e consequ5tly1 t  
:atsoev] 0 on ! left 9 reg>d ( u1 ! gods
 s5t f _! "r side4   #gi    ,:]e=e 0 x  
lawfull at ,rome1 :5 a noble p]sonage :o
 sometime   _h entr$ triumphant into !  
city1 0 dead1 & 8 corps burnt 7z   !    
man] 07 9 a fun]all fire1 to take up !  

reliques ( 8 bones1   to c>ie ! same    
into ! city1 & !re to /rew !m1 accord+ z
   ,pyrrho ! ,lyp>ean ha? left 9 writ+4 
,,0 n ?is to hon\r ! memorie ( ! dead8 =
 ! l hon\rable privil$ge !y _h graunt$  
unto o!r valiant w>riors & brave        
capta9es2 namely1 t n onely !mselves1 b 
also _! po/]itie desc5d+ l9eally f !m1  
might be ent]r$ 9 _! common m>ket place 
( ! city1 z = example unto ,val]ius &   
,fabricius3 & x is said1 t = to cont9ue 
?is pr]ogative 9 =ce1 :5 any ( _!       
po/]itie aft]w>ds 7 dep>t$ ?is life1 &  
_! bodies br\ght into ! m>ket place     
accord+ly1 ! man] 01 to put a burn+ tor*
 "u !m1 & doe no m b pres5tly to take x 
away aga9e2 by :i* c]emonie1 !y rete9$  
/ill ! due hon\r )\t envie1 & confirm$ x
 onely to be lawfull if !y w\ld take !  
b5efit !re(4   #hj4    ,:at is ! cause t
 :5 !y fea/$ at ! common *>ges1 any     
g5]all capta9e :o made 8 entrie into !  
citie ) triumph1 !y   nev] admitt$ !    
,consuls to ! fea/2 b t :i* m is1 s5t   
unto !m be=e-h& mess5g]s ( purpose1     

reque/+ !m n to come   unto ! supp]8    
,,0 x = t !y ?\ght x meet & conv5i5t to 
yeeld unto ! triumph]1 bo? ! highe/     
place to sit 91 & ! mo/ co/ly cup to    
dr9ke out (1 z also ! hon\r to be att5d$
 ^u ) a tra9e home to 8 h\se aft] supp]8
 :i* pr]ogatives no o!r might enjoy b ! 
,consuls onely1 if !y _h be5e pres5t 9 !
 place4   #ha4    ,:y is x t ! ,tribune 
( ! commons onely1 we>e? no embrod]$    
purple robe1 consid]+ t all o!r         
magi/rates besides doe we>e !   same4   
,,is x n1 = t !y 7to speak prop]ly7 are 
no magi/rates8 = 9 tru? !y h no u%]s or 
v]g]s to c>ie be=e !m ! knit*es ( rods1 
:i* are ! ensignes ( magi/racie2 nei!r  
sit !y 9 ! *aire ( e/ate call$ ,sella   
curulis1 to det]m9e causes judicially1  
or give audi5ce unto ! p2 nor ent] into 
! adm9i/ration ( _! (fice at ! beg9n+ ( 
! ye]e1 z all o!r magi/rates doe3 nei!r 
are !y put d[ne & depos$ aft] ! election
 ( a ,dictat\r3 b :]eas ! full p[] &    
au?oritie ( all o!r magi/rates ( ,/ate1 
he transf]r$ f !m ^u himselfe3 !        

,tribunes onely ( ! p cont9ue /ill1 &   
surcease n to execute _! function1 z    
hav+ ano!r place & degree by !mselves 9 
! common-weale3 & l z "s orat\rs &      
lawi]s doe hold1 t exception 9 law is no
 action1 consid]+ x do? cleane contr>y  
to action2 = t action int5de?1 comm5se?1
 & beg9ne? a processe or sute2 b        
exception or inhibition1 dissolve?1     
undooe?1 & aboli%e? ! same3 semblably1  
!y ?9ke also1 t ! ,tribunate 0 an       
empea*m5t1 inhibition1 & re/ra9t ( a    
magi/racie1 r ?an a magi/racie x selfe3 
= all ! au?ority & p[] ( ! ,tribune1 lay
 9 oppos+ himselfe1 & erod+ !           
jurisdiction ( o!r magi/rates1 & 9      
dim9i%+ or repress+ _! excessive &      
lic5ti\s p[]4  ,or haply all ^! reasons 
& su* l1 are b words1 & devis$          
imag9ations to ma9te9e disc\rse3 b to   
say a true?1 ?is ,tribune%ip hav+ tak5  
orig9ally ! fir/ beg9n+ f ! common p1 is
 great & mighty 9 reg>d t x is popul>2 &
 t ! ,tribunes !mselves are n pr\d nor  
highly conceit$ ( !mselves above o!rs1 b

 equall 9 app>ell1 9 port1 f>e1 & man] (
 life1 to any o!r citiz5s ( ! common    
sort3 = ! dignity ( pompe & outw>d %ew1 
app]te9e? to a ,consull or a ,prt\r3 z =
 ! ,tribune ( ! p1 he ought to be humble
 & l[ly1 & z ,m4 ,curio 0 woont to say2 
ready to put 8 h& "u e mans foot2 n to  
c>ie a l(tie1 grave1 & /ately c\nt5ance1
 nor to bee h>d ( accesse1 nor /range to
 be spok5 )1 or dealt )all by !         
multitude2 b h[soev] he behave himselfe 
to o!rs1 he ought to ! simple & common  
p1 above ! re/1 = to be affable1 g5tle1 
& tractable3 & he]eupon ! man] is1 t !  
dore ( 8 h\se %\ld nev] be kept %ut1 b  
/& op5 bo? day & night1 z a safe h>b\r1 
sure hav51 & place ( refuge1 = all ^? :o
 are di/ress$ & 9 ne$3 & v]ilie ! m     
submisse t he is 9 outw>d appe]ance1 ! m
 gr[e? hee & encrease? 9 puissance2 = !y
 repute him z a /rong hold = common     
rec\rse & retrait1 unto al com]s1 no    
lesse ?an an alt> or privil$g$ sanctu>y4
 ,moreov]1 z t\*+ ! hon\r t he holde? by
 8 place1 !y c\nt him holy1 sacr$1 &    

inviolable1 insomu* z if he doe b goe   
foor? ( 8 h\se abroad into ! citie1 &   
walke 9 ! /reet1#ade ! man] 0 ( all1 to 
cl5se & sanctifie ! body1 z if x 7 /e9$ 
& pollut$4   #hb4    ,:at is ! reason t 
be=e ! ,prtors1 g5]all ,capta9es & head 
,magisrates1 !re be c>i$ bundels (      
roddes1 toge!r ) hat*ets or   axes fa/n$
 unto !m8  ,,is x to signifie1 t ! ang] 
( ! magi/rate ought n to be prompt to   
execution1 nor loose & at lib]tie8  ,or1
 because t to undoe & unb9de ! said     
bundels1 yeelde? "s "t & space = *ol] to
 coole1 & ire to asswage1 :i* is ! cause
 o!r:iles t !y *ange _! m9des1 & doe n  
proce$ to puni%m5t8  ,n[ =asmu* z among 
! faults t m5 commit1 "s are curable1   
o!rs rem$ilesse3 ! roddes are to re=me  
^? :o may be am5d$2 b ! hat*ets to cut  
!m (f :o are incorrigible4   #hc4       
,:at is ! cause t ! ,romanes hav+       
intellig5ce giv5 vnto !m1   t !         
,bletonesians1 a b>b>\s nation1 _h      
sacrific$ unto _!   gods1 a man2 s5t = !
 magi/rates p]emptorily1 z int5d+ to    

puni% !m3 b aft] !y once und]/ood1 t !y 
_h s done   accord+ to an anci5t law (  
_! c\ntrey1 !y let !m g aga9e   )\t any 
hurt done unto !m2 *>g+ !m onely1 t f   
!nce   foor? !y %\ld n obey su* a law2 &
 yet !y !mselves1 n _m   ye]es be=e1 _h 
caus$ = to be buri$ quicke 9 ! place1   
call$   ! ,bea/ ,m>ket1 two m5 & two    
wom51 t is to say1 two ,greekes1 &   two
 ,gallo-,greekes or ,galatians8 ,= ?is  
seeme? to be v]ie absurd1 t   !y        
!mselves %\ld d ^? ?+s1 :i* !y reproov$ 
9 o!rs z   damnable4  ,,may x n be t !y 
judg$ x an execrable sup]/ition1 to     
sacrifice a man or woman unto ! gods1   
m>ie unto divels !y held x necess>ie8   
,or 0 x n = t !y ?\ght ^? p1 :o did x by
 a law or cu/ome1 (f5d$ highly3 b !y    
!mselves 7 direct$ !reto by expresse    
commaundem5t out ( ! bookes ( ,sibylla4 
,= report$ x is1 t "o ( _! vot>ies or   
,ve/all nunnes nam$ ,helbia1 rid+ on    
horse-backe1 0 smitt5 by a ?und]bolt or 
bla/ ( lightn+2 & t ! horse 0 f\nd ly+  
along all b>e belli$1 & h] selfe        

likewise nak$1 ) h] smocke & petticote  
turn$ up above h] privie p>ts1 z if %e  
_h done x ( purpose3 h] %ooes1 h] r+s1  
h] coife & head attire ca/ "h & !re ap>t
 f o!r ?+s1 & )all lill+ ! toong out (  
h] head4 ,?is /range occurr5t1 !        
soo?say]s out ( _! le>n+ int]pret$ to   
signifie1 t "s great %ame did betide !  
sacr$ virg9s1 t %\ld be divulg$ &       
notori\sly kn[52 yea1 & t ! same infamie
 %\ld rea* also z f>1 z unto "s ( !     
degree ( g5tlem5 or knights ( ,rome4 ,^u
 ?is !re 0 a s]vant belong+ unto a      
c]te9e ,b>b>ian horseman1 :o detect$    
?ree ,ve/al virg9s to h at "o "t =feit$ 
_! honor1  be5 naught ( _! bodies1 to   
wit1 ,aemilia1 ,lic9ia1  ,m>tia2 & t !y 
_h compani$ too famili>ly ) m5 a long   
"t2 & "o ( _! names 0 ,eutetius1 a      
,b>b>ian knight1 & ma/] to ! said en=m]4
 ,s ^! ve/all ,vot>ies 7 puni%$ aft] !y 
_h be5e convict$ by ord] ( law1 & f\nd  
guiltie3 b aft] t ?is seem$ a fe>full & 
horrible accid5t3 orde9$ x 0 by !       
,s5ate1 t ! prie/s %\ld p]use ov] !     

bookes ( ,sibyllaes prophesies1 :]e9 7  
f\nd 7by report7 ^? v oracles :i* d5\nc$
 & =etold ?is /range occurr5t1 & t x    
port5d$ "s great losse & calamitie unto 
! common-weal?3 = ! avoid+ & div]t+     
:]e(1 !y gave commaundem5t to ab&on unto
 7,i wot n :at7 maligne & diveli% /range
 spirits1 two ,greekes1 & two ,galatians
 likewise2 & s by bury+ !m quicke 9 t   
v]ie place1 to procure propitiation at  
,gods h&s4   #hd4    ,:y began !y _! day
 at midnight8  ,,0 x n1 = t all policie 
at ! fir/ _h ! beg9n+ ( milit>ie        
discipl9e8 & 9 w>1 & all exp$itions !   
mo/ "p ( woor?y exploits are ent]pris$  
ord9>ily 9 ! night be=e ! day appe>e8   
,or because ! execution ( desseignes1   
h[soev] x beg9 at ! sunne ris+2 yet !   
prep>ation !reto is made be=e day-light3
 = !re _h ne$ to be "s prep>atives1 be=e
 a worke be tak5 9 h&2 & n at ! v]ie "t 
( execution1 accord+ z ,myson 7by       
report7 answ]$ unto ,*ilo1 "o ( ! sev5  
sages1 :5 z 9 ! w9t] "t he 0 mak+ ( a   
van4  ,or haply1 = t l z we see1 t _m m5

 at noone make an end ( _! bus9esse (   
great importance1 & ( ,/ate affaires2   
ev5 s1 !y suppos$ t !y 7 to beg9 ! same 
at mid-night4 ,= bett] pro(e :]e( a man 
may frame an argum5t h]eupon1 t ! ,roman
 *iefe rul] nev] made league1 nor       
conclud$ any capitulations & cov5ants ( 
peace aft] mid-day4  ,or r ?is may be1  
because x is n possible to set d[ne     
det]m9ately1 ! beg9n+ & end ( ! day1 by 
! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sunne3 = if we d z ! 
vulg> sort1 :o di/+ui% day & night by ! 
sight & view ( eie1 tak+ ! day !n to    
beg9 :5 ! sunne arise?2 & ! night       
likewise to beg9 :5 ! sunne is gone     
d[ne1 & hidd5 "u our horizon1 we %all   
nev] h ! j ,aequ9ox1 t is to say1 ! day 
& night equall3 = ev5 t v]ie night :i*  
we %all e/eeme mo/ equall to ! day1 w   
proove %ort] ?an ! day1 by z mu* z !    
body or bigg5esse ( ! sunne conta9e?4   
,aga9e1 if we doe z ! ,ma!maticians1 :o 
to rem$ie ?is absurditie & inconv5i5ce1 
set d[ne ! conf9es & limits ( day &     
night1 at ! v]ie in/ant po9t :5 ! sunne 

seeme? to t\* ! circle ( ! horizon ) 8  
c5t]2 ?is 7 to ov]?r[ all evid5ce3 =    
fall out x w1 t :ile !re is a great "p (
 ! sunnes light yet "u ! e>? 7al?\gh !  
sunne d %9e ^u u7 we w n confesse t x is
 day1 b say1 t x is night /ill4 ,see+ !n
 x is s h>d a matt] to make ! beg9n+ (  
day & night1 at ! ris+ or go+ d[ne ( !  
sunne1 = ! absurdities abovesaid1 x     
rema9e? t ( necessitie we take ! beg9n+ 
( ! day to be1 :5 ! sunne is 9 ! mids ( 
! heav5 above head1 or "u our feet1 t is
 to say1 ei!r noon-tide or mid-night4 ,b
 ( twa9e1 bett] x is to beg9 :5 he is 9 
! middle po9t "u u1 :i* is j midnight1 =
 t he returne? !n t[>d u into ! ,ea/2   
:]eas contr>iwise aft] mid-day he goe? f
 u ,we/w>d4   #he4    ,:at 0 ! cause t 9
 times pa/ !y w\ld n suff] _! wives1    
ei!r to gr9de corne1 or to lay _! h&s to
 dresse meat 9 !   kit*98  ,,0 x 9      
memoriall ( t accord & league :i* !y    
made ) ! ,sab9es8 = aft] t !y _h ravi%$ 
c>ri$ away _! daught]s1 !re arose %>pe  
w>res betwe5e !m3 b peace ensu$ !reupon 

9 ! end2 9 ! capitulations :]e(1 ?is "o 
article 0 expresly set d[ne1 t ! ,roman 
husb& might n =ce 8 wife1 ei!r to turne 
! qu]ne = to gr9de corne1 nor to ex]cise
 any po9t ( cook]ie4   #hf4    ,:y did n
 ! ,romans m>ie 9 ! mone? ( ,may8  ,,is 
x = t x comme? betwe5e ,aprill & ,june8 
:]e( ! "o is consecrat$ unto ,v5us1 & ! 
o!r to ,juno1 :o are bo? ( !m !         
goddesses :i* h ! c>e & *>ge ( w$d+ &   
m>riages1 & !re=e ?9ke x good ei!r to g 
some:at be=e1 or else to /ay a :ile     
aft]4  ,or x may be t 9 ?is mone? !y    
celebrate ! greate/ expiatorie sacrifice
 ( all o!rs 9 ! ye]e8 = ev5 at ?is day  
!y fl+ f (f ! bridge into ! riv]1 !     
images & p\rtraitures ( m51 :]eas 9 old 
"t !y ?rew d[ne m5 !mselves alive8 ,&   
?is is ! reason ( ! cu/ome n[ a daies1 t
 ! prie/resse ( ,juno nam$ ,flam9a1 %\ld
 be alwaies sad & heavie1 z x 7 a m\rn]1
 & nev] wa% nor dresse & trim h] selfe4 
,or :at & if we say1 x is because _m ( !
 ,lat9e nations (f]$ oblations unto !   
dead 9 ?is mone?3 & p]adv5ture !y d s1  

because 9 ?is v]ie mone? !y wor%ip      
,m]curie3 & 9 tru? x be>e? ! "n ( ,maja1
 ,m]curies "m4  ,b may x n be r1 = t z  
"s d say1 ?is mone? take? t "n (        
,majores1 t is to say1 anci5ts3 l z     
,june is t]m$ s ( ,juniores1 t is to say
 yonk]s4 ,n[ ?is is c]ta9e t y\? is mu* 
meet] = to contract m>riage ?an old age3
 l z ,euripides sai? v]ie well3     ,z =
 old age x ,v5us bids f>ewell1   ,& )   
old folke1 ,v5us is n pleasd well4  ,!  
,romans !re=e m>i$ n 9 ,may1 b /ai$ =   
,june :i* imm$iatly foll[e? aft] ,may4  
#hg4    ,:at is ! reason t !y divide &  
"p ! haire ( ! new brides   head1 ) !   
po9t ( a javel98  ,,is n ?is a v]ie     
signe1 t ! fir/ wives :om ! ,romans     
esp\s$1 7 compell$ to m>iage1 & conqu]$ 
by =ce & armes4  ,or are n _! wives     
h]eby giv5 to und]/&1 t !y are esp\s$ to
 husb&s1 m>tiall m5 & soldi]s2 & !re=e  
!y %\ld lay away all delicate1 wanton1 &
 co/ly imbeli%m5t ( ! bodie1 & acqua9t  
!mselves ) simple & pla9e attire2 l z   
,lycurgus = ! same reason w\ld t !      

dores1 w9d[es1 & ro(es ( h\ses %\ld be  
fram$ ) ! saw & ! axe onely1 )\t use (  
any o!r toole or in/rum5t1 int5d+ !reby 
to *ase out ( ! common-weale all        
curiositie & wa/full sup]fluitie4  ,or  
do? n ?is p>t+ ( ! haires1 give cov]tly 
to und]/&1 a division & sep>ation1 z if 
m>iage  ! bond ( w$lock1 7 n to be brok5
 b by ! sword & w>like =ce8  ,or may n  
?is signifie ?us mu*1 t !y ref]r$ ! mo/ 
"p ( c]emonies conc]n+ m>iage unto      
,juno3 n[ x is pla9e t ! javel9 is      
consecrat$ unto ,juno1 insomu* z mo/ "p 
( h] images & /atues are portrai$ re/+ &
 lean+ ^u a launce or or javel94 ,& =   
?is cause ! goddesse is surnam$         
,quiritis1 = !y call$ 9 old "t a spe>e  
,quiris1 ^u :i* occasion ,m>s also 7z !y
 say7 is nam$ ,quiris4   #hh4    ,:at is
 ! reason t ! monie emploi$ ^u plates & 
publike   %ewes is call$ among !m1      
,luc>8  ,,may x n well be t !re 7 _m    
groves ab\t ! citie consecrat$ unto !   
gods1 :i* !y nam$ ,lucos3 ! rev5ues :]e(
 !y be/[$ ^u ! sett+ =? ( su*           

solemnities8   #hi4    ,:y call !y      
,quir9alia1 ! ,fea/ ( fooles8  ,,:e!r x 
is because 7z ,juba write?7 !y attribute
 ?is day unto ^? :o knew n _! owne l9age
 & tribe8 or unto su* z h n sacrific$1 z
 o!rs h done accord+ to _! tribes1 at ! 
fea/ call$ ,=nacalia4 ,7 x t !y 7 h9dr$ 
by o!r affaires1 or _h occasion to be =?
 ( ! citie1 or 7 altoge!r ignorant1 &   
!re=e ?is day 0 assign$ = !m1 to p]=me !
 said fea/4   #ij4    ,:at is ! cause1 t
 :5 !y sacrifice unto ,h]cules1 !y "n   
no o!r ,god b him1 nor suff] a dog to be
 se5e1 )9 ! purprise   & prec9ct ( !    
place :]e ! sacrifice is celebrat$1     
accord+   z ,v>ro ha? left 9 writ+8     
,,is n ?is ! reason ( nam+ no god 9 _!  
sacrifice1 = t !y e/eeme him b a        
demigod2 & "s !re be :o hold1 t :iles he
 liv$ he]e ^u ! e>?1 ,ev&] erect$ an    
alt> unto him1 & (f]$ sacrifice !reupon4
 ,n[ ( all o!r bea/s he c\ld wor/ abide 
a dog1 & hat$ him mo/3 = ?is creature   
put him to m tr\ble all 8 life "t1 ?an  
any o!r3 witnesse h]e(1 ! ?ree head$ dog

 ,c]b]us1 & above all o!rs1 :5 ,oeonus !
 sonne ( ,licymnius 0 sla9e #adf;by a   
dog1 he 0 en=c$ by ! ,hippocoontides to 
give ! battell1 9 :i* he lo/ _m ( 8     
fri5ds1 & among ! re/ 8 owne bro!r      
,iphicles4   #ia4    ,:]e=e 0 x n       
lawfull = ! ,patricians or nobles (     
,rome to   dwell ^u ! m\nt ,capitoll8   
,,might x n be 9 reg>d ( ,m4 ,manlius1  
:o dwell+ !re attempt$ & plott$ to be k+
 ( ,rome1 & to usurpe tyrannie2 9 hatr$ 
& dete/ation ( :om1 x is said1 t ev]    
aft] ^? ( ! h\se ( ,manlij1 might n h   
,m>cus = _! =e-"n8  ,or r 0 n ?is an old
 fe>e t ! ,romans _h 7"t out ( m9d78 ,= 
albeit ,val]ius ,poplicola 0 a p]sonage 
v]ie popul> & well affect$ unto ! common
 p2 yet nev] ceas$ ! great & mightie m5 
( ! citie to suspect & traduce him1 nor 
! meane common]s & multitude to fe>e    
him1 untill su* "t z himselfe caus$ 8   
owne h\se to be demoli%$ & pull$ d[n1   
because x seem$ to ov]looke & commaund !
 common m>ket place ( ! citie4   #ib4   
,:at is ! reason1 t he :o sav$ ! life ( 

a citiz5 9 !   w>res1 0 rew>d$ ) a      
coronet made ( oake braun*es8  ,,0 x n =
 t 9 ev]ie place & readily1 !y might    
meet ) an oake1 z !y m>*$ 9 _! w>like   
exp$itions4  ,or r1 because ?is man] (  
g>l& is d$icat$ unto ,jupit] & ,juno1 :o
 are reput$ protectors ( cities8  ,or   
might n ?is be an anci5t cu/ome proce$+ 
f ! ,arcadians1 :o h a k9d (            
consangu9itie ) oakes1 = t !y report (  
!mselves1 t !y 7 ! fir/ m5 t issu$ out (
 ! e>?1 l z ! oake ( all o!r trees4     
#ic4    ,:y obs]ve !y ! ,vultures or    
,geirs1 mo/ ( any o!r f[les1 9   tak+ ( 
presages by bird-flight8  ,,is x n      
because at ! f\ndation ( ,rome1 !re     
appe>$ twelve ( !m unto ,romulus8 ,or   
because1 ?is is no ord9>ie bird nor     
famili>2 = x is n s easie a matt] to    
meete ) an airie ( ,vultures2 b all on a
 sudd5 !y come out ( "s /range c\ntrey1 
& !re=e ! fight ( !m do? progno/icke &  
presage mu*4  ,or else haply ! ,roma9s  
le>n$ ?is ( ,h]cules1 if t be true :i*  
,h]odotus reporte?3 namely1 t ,h]cules  

tooke great cont5tm5t1 :5 9 ! ent]prise 
( any exploit ( 81 !re appe>$ ,vultures 
unto him3 = t he 0 ( op9ion1 t !        
,vulture ( all birds ( prey 0 ! ju/e/3 =
 fir/ & =mo/ nev] t\*e? he ought t ha?  
life1 nei!r kille? hee any liv+         
creature1 l z eagles1 falcons1 hauks1 & 
o!r f[les d1 t prey by night1 b fe$e? ^u
 dead c>rions3 ov] & besides1 he =be>e? 
to set ^u 8 owne k9d3 = nev] 0 !re man  
yet :o saw a ,vulture eat ! fle% ( any  
f[le1 l z eagles & o!r birds ( prey d1  
:i* *ase1 pursue & plucke 9 pieces ^?   
especially ( ! same k9d1 to wit1 o!r    
f[le4 ,& v]ily z ,aes*ylus ! poet       
write?3    ,h[ c t bird1 :i* bird do?   
eat1   ,be c\nt$ cleanly1 pure & neat4  
,& z = m51 x is ! mo/ innoc5t bird1 &   
do? lea/ hurt unto !m ( all o!r3 = x    
de/roie? no fruit nor plant :atsoev]1   
nei!r do? x h>me to any tame creature4  
,& if ! tale be true t ! ,aegyptians doe
 tell1 t all ! k9de ( ^! birds be       
females2 t !y conceive & be ) yoong1 by 
receiv+ ! ,ea/-w9d bl[+ ^u !m1 l z "s   

trees by ! ,we/]n w9d1 x is v]ie        
pr(itable t ! signes & progno/icks draw5
 f !m1 be m sure & c]ta9e1 ?an f any    
o!rs1 consid]+ t ( all1 besides _!      
viol5ce 9 tread+ & bre$+ "t2 _!         
eag]nesse 9 flight :5 !y pursue _! prey2
 _! fly+ away f "s1 & *as+ ( o!rs1 mu/  
ne$s cause mu* tr\ble & unc]ta9tie 9 _! 
progno/ications4   #id4    ,:y /&s !    
temple ( ,aesculapius )\t ! citie (     
,rome8  ,,is x because !y ?\ght ! abode 
)\t ! citie m holesome1 ?an t )98 ,= 9  
?is reg>d ! ,greekes ord9>ily built !   
temples ( ,aesculapius ^u high gr\nd1   
:]e9 ! aire is m pure & cle]e4  ,or 9   
?is respect1 t ?is god ,aesculapius 0   
s5t = out ( ! citie ,epidaurus4 ,& true 
x is t ! ,epidaurians f\nd$ 8 temple2 n 
)9 ! walles ( _! city1 b a good way f x4
  ,or la/ly1 = t ! s]p5t :5 x 0 l&$ out 
( ! galley 9 ! ,isle1 & !n vani%$ out ( 
sight1 seem$ !reby to tell !m :]e he    
w\ld t !y %\ld build ! place ( 8 abode4 
#ie4    ,:y do? ! law =bid !m t are to  
live *a/e1 ! eat+ (   pulse8  ,,z t\*+  

beanes1 is x n 9 respect ( ^? v reasons 
= :i* x is said3 ,t ! ,py?agoreans c\nt$
 !m abom9able8 ,& z = ! ri*l+ & ri*     
pease1 :]e( ! "o 9 ,greeke is call$  & !
 o!r  :i* words seeme to be d]iv$ (     
,erebus1 t signifie? ! d>knesse ( hell1 
& ( ,le!1 :i* is z mu* z oblivion1 & "o 
besides ( ! riv]s inf]nall1 x c>ie? "s  
reason t !y %\ld be abhorr$ !r=e4  ,or x
 may be1 = t ! solemne supp]s & bankets 
at fun]als = ! dead1 7 usually s]v$ )   
pulse above all o!r vi&s4  ,or r1 = t ^?
 :o are desir\s to be *a/e1 & to live an
 holy life1 ought to keepe _! bodies    
pure & sl5d]2 b s x is t pulse be       
flate\s & w9dy1 bre$+ sup]flu\s         
excrem5ts 9 ! body1 :i* _h ne$ ( great  
purg+ & evacuation4  ,or la/ly1 because 
!y pricke & provoke ! fle%ly lu/1 = t !y
 be full ( v5tosities4   #if4    ,:at is
 ! reason t ! ,romans puni% ! holy      
,ve/all ,virg9s 7:o   h suff]$ _! bodies
 to be abus$ & defil$7 by no o!r meanes1
   ?an by int]r+ !m quicke "u ! gr\nd8  
,,is ?is ! cause1 = t ! man] is to burne

 ! bodies ( !m t be dead3 & to burie 7by
 ! meanes ( fire7 _! bodies :o h n      
dev\tly & religi\sly kept or pres]v$ !  
div9e fire1 seem$ n j nor reasonable8   
,or haply1 because !y ?\ght x 0 n       
lawfull to kill any p]son :o _h b5e     
consecrat$ ) ! mo/ holy & religi\s      
c]emonies 9 ! _w2 nor to lay viol5t h&s 
^u a woman consecrat$3 & !re=e !y devis$
 ?is inv5tion ( suff]+ !m to die ( _!   
owne selves2 namely1 to let !m d[ne into
 a little vault$ *amb] "u ! e>?1 :]e !y 
left ) !m a lampe burn+1 & "s bread1 ) a
 little wat] & milke3 & hav+ s done1 ca/
 e>? & cov]$ !m al(t4 ,& yet = all ?is1 
c !y n be exempt f a sup]/iti\s fe>e (  
!m ?us int]r$3 = ev5 to ?is day1 !      
prie/s go+ ov] ?is place1 p]=me 7,i wot 
n :at7 anniv]s>y s]vices & rites1 = to  
appease & pacifie _! gho/s4   #ig4      
,:at is ! cause t ^u ! ?irte5? day (    
,decemb]1 :i* 9   ,lat9e !y call ! ,ides
 ( ,decemb]1 !re is exhibit$ a game (   
*>iots runn+ = ! prize1 & ! horse draw+ 
on ! "r h&   t w9ne? ! victorie1 is     

sacrific$ & consecrat$ unto ,m>s1 &   at
 ! "t !re(1 !re comes "o beh9de1 t      
cutte? (f 8 taile1   :i* he c>rie?      
imm$iatly into ! temple call$ ,regia1 & 
!re) imbrue? ! alt> ) blood3 & = ! head 
( ! said   horse1 "o tr\pe !re is comm+ 
out ( ! /reet call$ ,via sacra1   &     
ano!r f t :i* !y "n ,suburra1 :o enc\nt]
 & trie   out by fight :o %all h x8     
,,may n ! reason be 7z "s doe all$ge7 t 
!y h an op9ion1 h[ ! citie ( ,troy 0    
sometime woon by ! meanes ( a woodd5    
horse2 & !re=e 9 ! memoriall !re(1 !y   
?us puni%$ a poore horse8     ,z m5 f   
blood ( noble ,troy desc5d$   ,& by !   
way ) ,lat9s issue bl5d$4  ,or because  
an horse is a c\ragi\s1 m>tiall & w>like
 bea/2 & ord9>ily1 m5 use to pres5t unto
 ! gods ^? ,sacrifices :i* are mo/      
agreeable unto !m1 & sort be/ ) !m3 & 9 
t respect1 !y sacrifice t horse :i* wan 
! prize1 unto ,m>s1 because /r5g? &     
victorie are well beseem+ him4  ,or r   
because ! worke ( ,god is firme & /able3
 ^? also be victori\s :o keepe _! ranke 

& vanqui% !m1 :o make n good _! gr\nd b 
fly away4 ,?is bea/ !re=e is puni%$ =   
runn+ s swift1 z if cel]itie 7 !        
ma9t5ance ( c[>dise3 to give u !reby    
cov]tly to und]/&1 t !re is no hope (   
safetie = !m :o seeke to escape by      
flight4   #ih4    ,:at is ! reason t !  
fir/ worke :i* ! ,c5sors g 9 h&   )1 :5 
!y be en/all$ 9 ! possession ( _!       
magi/racie1 is   to take ord] ^u a      
c]ta9e price = ! keep+ & fe$+ ( !       
sacr$ geese1 & to cause ! pa9t$ /atues &
 images ( ! gods to   be refre%$8       
,,:e!r is x because !y w\ld beg9 at !   
smalle/ ?+s1 & ^? :i* are ( lea/ disp5se
 & difficultie8  ,or 9 commemoration (  
an anci5t b5efit receiv$ by ! meanes (  
^! creatures1 9 ! "t ( ! ,gaules w>re3 =
 t ! geese 7 !y :o 9 ! night season     
descri$ ! ,b>b>ians z ! skal$ & m\nt$ ! 
wall t environ$ ! ,capitol =t 7:]e z !  
dogs slept7 & ) _! gagl+ rais$ ! wat*8  
,or because1 ! ,c5sors be+ gu>dians ( ! 
greate/ affaires1 & hav+ t *>ge & (fice 
:i* enjoyne? to be vigilant & c>efull to

 pres]ve religion2 to keepe temples &   
publicke edifices2 to looke into !      
mann]s & behavi\r ( m5 9 _! ord] ( life2
 !y set 9 ! fir/ place ! consid]ation & 
reg>d ( ! mo/ wat*full creature t is3 & 
9 %ew+ :at c>e !y take ( ^! geese1 !y   
incite & provoke by t example _!        
citiz5s1 n to be neglig5t & ret*lesse ( 
holy ?+s4 ,moreov]1 = refre%+ ! col\r ( 
^? images & /atues1 x is a necess>ie    
piece ( worke2 = ! lively r$ v]milion1  
:]e) !y 7 woont 9 times pa/ to col\r !  
said images1 soone fade? & passe? away4 
#ii4    ,:at is ! cause t among o!r     
prie/s1 :5 "o is condemn$ &   bani%$1 !y
 degrade & deprive him ( 8 prie/hood1 & 
*oose   ano!r 9 8 place3 onely an       
,augur1 ?\gh he be convict$ &   condemn$
 = ! greate/ crimes 9 ! _w1 yet !y nev] 
deprive 9   t sort s long z he live?8   
,n[ ^? prie/s !y call ,augurs1 :o       
obs]ve ! flights ( birds1 & =e%ew$ ?+s  
!reby4  ,,is x z "s d say1 because !y   
w\ld n h "o t is no prie/1 to "k !      
secret my/]ies ( _! religion & _! sacr$ 

rites8  ,or because ! ,augur be+ oblig$ 
& b\nd by great oa?s1 nev] to reveale ! 
secrets p]ta9+ to religion1 !y w\ld n   
seeme to free & absolve him f 8 oa? by  
degrad+ him1 & mak+ him a private p]son4
  ,or r1 = t ?is ^w ,augur1 is n s mu* a
 "n ( honor & magi/racie1 z ( arte & k4 
,& all "o x 71 z if !y %\ld seeme to    
disable a musician = be+ any m a        
musician2 or a physician1 t he %\ld bee 
a physician no long]2 or prohibit a     
prophet or soo?say]1 to be a prophet or 
soo?say]3 = ev5 s !y1 n able to deprive 
him ( 8 suffici5cy1 nor to take away 8  
skill1 al?\gh !y b]eave him ( 8 "n &    
title1 d n suborda9e ano!r 9 8 place3 & 
by good reason1 because !y w\ld keepe ! 
j numb] ( ! anci5t in/itution4   #ajj4  
,:at is ! reason t ^u ! ?irte5? day (   
,augu/1 :i* n[ is   call$ ! ,ides (     
,augu/1 & be=e "t ! ,ides ( ,sextilis1  
all   s]vants z well maids1 z m5 make   
holy-day & wom5 t are wives   love !n   
especially to wa% & cleanse _! heads8   
,,might n ?is be a cause1 = t k+ ,s]vius

 ^u su* a day 0 borne ( a captive woman1
 & !re=e slaves & bond-s]vants on t day 
h lib]tie to play & disport !mselves8 ,&
 z = wa%+ ! head2 haply at ! fir/ !     
w5*es began s to d 9 reg>d ( t fe/ivall 
day1 & s ! cu/ome pass$ also unto _!    
mi/resses & o!r wom5 free borne8   #aja4
    ,:y d ! ,romanes adorne _! *ildr5 ) 
jewels p5dant at _!   necks1 :i* !y call
 ,bull8  ,,p]adv5ture to honor ! memorie
 ( ^? fir/ wives ( !irs1 :om !y ravi%$3 
9 fav\r ( :om !y orda9$ _m o!r          
pr]ogatives = ! *ildr5 :i* !y _h by !m1 
& namely ?is among ! re/8  ,or x may be1
 = to grace ! pr[esse ( ,t>qu9ius8 ,=   
report$ x is t be+ b a v]ie *ild1 9 a   
great battell :i* 0 f\ght aga9/ !       
,lat9es & ,tuskanes toge!r1 hee rode    
into ! v]ie ?rong ( 8 enemies1 & engag$ 
himselfe s f>re1 t be+ dism\nt$ &       
unhors$2 yet not)/&+ he manfully )/ood  
^? :o hotly *>g$ ^u him1 & enc\rag$ !   
,romanes to /& to x1 9 su* sort z !     
enemies by !m 7 put to pla9e flight1 ) !
 losse ( #afjjj4 m5 :om !y left dead 9 !

 place3 & = a rew>d ( ?is v]tue & val\r1
 receiv$ su* a jewell to hang ab\t 8    
necke1 :i* 0 giv5 unto him by ! k+ 8    
fa!r4  ,or else1 because 9 old "t x 0 n 
reput$ a %amfull & villan\s ?+1 to love 
yoong boyes wantonly1 = _! beauty 9 !   
fl[re ( _! age1 if !y 7 slaves borne1 z 
! ,com$ies ev5 at ?is day d te/ifie3 b  
!y =b>e mo/ precisely1 to t\* any ( !m  
:o 7 free-borne or ( g5tle blood        
desc5d$4 ,to ! end !re=e man might n    
pret5d ignorance 9 su* a case1 z if !y  
knew n ( :at condition any boyes 71 if  
!y mette ) !m nak$1 !y caus$ !m to we>e 
?is badge & m>ke ( nobilitie ab\t _!    
neckes4  ,or p]adv5ture1 ?is might be   
also z a pres]vative unto !m ( _! honor1
 cont95ce & *a/itie1 z "o w\ld say1 a   
bridle to re/ra9e wantonnesse &         
incont95cie1 z be+ put 9 m9d !reby to be
 aba%$ to play m5s p>ts1 be=e !y _h laid
 (f ! m>ks & signes ( *ildhood4 ,= !re  
is no app>ance or probabilitie1 ( t :i* 
,v>ro all$ge?1 say+3 ,t because !       
,aeolians 9 _! ,dialect d call 1 t is to

 say1 ,c\nsell1 1 !re=e su* *ildr5 = a  
signe & presage ( wisdome & good        
c\nsell1 c>ri$ ?is jewell1 :i* !y nam$  
,bulla4  ,b see :e!r x might n be 9     
reg>d ( ! moone t !y we>e ?is device8 = 
! figure ( ! moone :5 %ee is at ! full1 
is n r\nd z a bal or b\le1 b r flat 9   
man] ( a l5till or resembl+ a di% or    
plate2 n onely on t side :i* appe>e?    
unto u1 b also 7z ,emp$ocles sai?7 on t 
"p :i* is "u x4   #ajb4    ,:]e=e gave  
!y =e-names to little infants1 if !y 7  
boies   ^u ! n9? day aft] _! bir?1 b if 
!y 7 girls1 :5 !y   7 eight daies olde8 
,,may !re n be a naturall reason r5dr$  
h]e(1 t !y %\ld impose ! names soon] ^u 
daught]s ?an sonnes3 = t females gr[    
apace1 are quickly ripe1 & come betimes 
unto _! p]fection 9 comp>ison ( males2 b
 z t\*+ ^? precise daies1 !y take !m t  
imm$iatly foll[ ! sev5?3 = t ! sev5? day
 aft] *ildr5 be borne is v dang]\s1 z   
well = o!r occasions1 z 9 reg>d ( !     
navill-/r+3 = t 9 _m x w unknit & be    
loose aga9e ^u ! sev5? day1 & s long z x

 cont9ue? s resolv$ & op51 an infant    
resemble? a plant r ?an any animall     
creature8  ,or l z ! ,py?agoreans 7 (   
op9ion1 t ( numb]s ! ev5 0 female & !   
odde1 male2 = t x is g5]ative1 & is m   
/rong ?an ! ev5 numb]1 because x is     
comp\nd3 & if a man divide ^! numb]s    
into unities1 ! ev5 numb] %ewe? a void  
place betwe5e1 :]eas ! odde1 ha? !      
middle alwaies fulfill$ ) "o "p !re(3   
ev5 s 9 ?is respect !y are ( op9ion1 t !
 ev5 numb] eight1 resemble? r ! female &
 ! ev5 numb] n9e1 ! male4  ,or r x is   
because ( all numb]s1 n9e is ! fir/     
squ>e comm+ ( ?ree1 :i* is an odde &    
p]fect numb]3 & eight ! fir/ cubick1 to 
wit f\re-squ>e on e side l a die proce$+
 f two1 an ev5 numb]3 n[ a man ought to 
be quadrat odde 7z we say7 & s+ul>1 yea 
& p]fect3 & a woman 7no lesse ?an a die7
 sure & /$fa/1 a keep] ( home1 & n      
easily remov$4 ,he]eunto we mu/ adjoyne 
?us mu* m also1 t eight is a numb]      
cubick1 aris+ f two z ! base & foot3 &  
n9e is a squ>e quadrangle hav+ ?ree = ! 

base3 & !re=e x seeme?1 t :]e wom5 h two
 names1 m5 h ?ree4   #ajc4    ,:at is ! 
reason1 t ^? *ildr5 :o h no c]te9e fa!r1
   !y 7 woont to te>me ,spurios8  ,,= we
 may n ?9ke z ! ,greeks holde1 & z      
orat\rs give out 9 _! pleas1 t ?is ^w   
,spurius1 is d]iv$ ( ,spora1 t is to    
say1 naturall se$1 = t su* *ildr5 are   
begott5 by ! se$ ( _m m5 m+l$ & conf\nd$
 toge!r4  ,b surely ?is ,spurius1 is "o 
( ! ord9>y =e-names t ! ,romans take1   
su* z ,sextus1 ,decimus1 & ,caius4 ,n[  
^! =e-names !y nev] use to write out at 
full ) all _! lett]s1 b m>ke !m sometime
 ) "o lett] alone1 z = example1 ,titus1 
,lucius1 & ,m>cius1 ) ,t1 ,l1 ,m2 or )  
twa9e1 z ,spurius & ,cneus1 ) ,sp4 &    
,cn4 or at mo/ ) ?ree z ,sextus         
,s]vius1 ) ,sex4 & ,s]4 ,spurius !n is  
"o ( _! =e-names :i* is not$ ) two      
lett]s ,s4 & ,p4 :i* signifie? asmu*1 z 
,s9e ,patre1 t is to say1 )\t a fa!r2 = 
,s4 /&e? = ,s9e1 t is to say1 )\t2 & ,p4
 = patre1 t is to say a fa!r4 ,&        
he]eupon grew ! error1 = t ,s9e patre1 &

 ,spurius be writt5 bo? ) ! same lett]s 
%ort1 ,sp4 ,& yet ,i w n /icke to give y
 ano!r reason1 ?\gh x be some:at        
fabul\s1 & c>ie? a great] absurdity ) x3
 =soo? !y say t ! ,sab9es 9 olde "t nam$
 9 _! language ! nature or privities ( a
 woman1 ,sporios1 & !reupon aft]w>ds z x
 7 by way ( repro*1 !y call$ him        
,spurius1 :o _h to 8 "m a woman unm>i$ &
 n lawfully esp\s$4   #ajd4    ,:y is   
,bac*us call$ ) !m1 ,lib] ,pat]8  ,,is x
 = t he is ! au?\r & fa!r ( all lib]ty  
unto !m :o h tak5 _! w9e well2 = mo/ m5 
become audaci\s & are full ( bolde &    
franke broad spee*1 :5 !y be drunke or  
cup-%ott58  ,or because he x is t m9i/r$
 libations fir/1 t is to say1 ^?        
effusions & (fr+s ( w9e t are giv5 to ! 
gods8  ,or r 7z ,alex&] said7 because ! 
,greeks call$ ,bac*us1 ,dionysos        
,eleu!reus1 t is to say1 ,bac*us !      
,deliv]]3 & !y might call him s1 ( a    
city 9 ,botia1 nam$ ,eleu!r4   #aje4    
,:]e=e 0 x n ! cu/ome among ! ,romans1 t
 maid5s %\ld   be w$d$ ^u any dates ( _!

 publicke fea/s2 b widd[es might be     
rem>ri$ ^u ^? daies8  ,,0 x = t 7z ,v>ro
 sai?7 virg9s be #adg;ill-apaid & heavie
 :5 !y be fir/ w$d$2 b su* z 7 wives    
be=e1 #adh;be glad & joyfull :5 !y m>rie
 aga9e8 ,& ^u a fe/ivall holiday !re    
%\ld be no?+ done ) an ill w or ^u      
con/ra9t4  ,or r1 because x is = ! cr$it
 & hon\r ( "y damosels1 to be m>i$ 9 !  
view ( ! :ole _w2 b = wid[es x is a     
di%on\r & %ame unto !m1 to be se5e ( _m 
= to be w$d$ a second "t3 = ! fir/      
m>riage is lovely & desireable2 !       
second1 odi\s & abom9able3 = wom51 if !y
 proce$ to m>rie ) o!r m5 :iles _! =m]  
husb&s be liv+1 are a%am$ !re(2 & if !y 
be dead1 !y are 9 m\rn+ /ate ( wid[hood3
 & !re=e !y *use r to be m>ri$ closely &
 secretly 9 all sil5ce1 ?an to be       
accompani$ ) a long tra9e & solemnity1 &
 to h mu* adoe & great /irr+ at _!      
m>riage4 ,n[ x is well kn[5 t fe/ivall  
holidaies div]t & di/ract ! multitude   
div]s waies1 "s to ?is game & pa/ime1   
o!rs to t2 s z !y h no leisure to g &   

see w$d+s4  ,or la/ ( all1 because x 0 a
 day ( publicke solemnitie1 :5 !y fir/  
ravi%$ ! ,sab9es daught]s3 an attempt t 
drew ^u !m1 bl\dy w>re1 & !re=e !y ?\ght
 x om9\s & presag+ evill1 to suff] _!   
virg9s to w$ ^u su* holidaies4   #ajf4  
,:y doe ! ,romans hon\r & wor%ip ,=tune1
 by ! "n (   ,primig5ia1 :i* a man may  
int]pret ,fir/ begott5 or fir/ borne8   
,,is x = t 7z "s say7 ,s]vius be+ by    
*ance borne ( a maid-s]vant & a captive1
 _h ,=tune s fav\rable unto him1 t he   
reign$ nobly & glori\sly1 k+ at ,rome8  
,= mo/ ,romans are ( ?is op9ion4  ,or r1
 because ,=tune gave unto ! city ( ,rome
 h] fir/ orig9all & beg9n+ ( s mightie  
an empire4  ,or lie? n h]e9 "s deep]    
cause1 :i* we are to fet* out ( !       
secrets ( ,nature & ,philosophie2       
namely1 t ,=tune is ! pr9ciple ( all    
?+s1 insomu*1 z ,nature consi/e? by     
,=tune2 namely1 :5 to "s ?+s concurr+   
casually & by *ance1 !re is "s ord] &   
dispose adjo9$4   #ajg4    ,:at is !    
reason t ! ,romans call ^? :o act       

com$ies & o!r   !atricall plaies1       
,hi/riones8  ,,is x = t cause1 :i* z    
,claudius ,rufus ha? left 9 writ+8 = he 
reporte? t _m ye]es ago1 & namely1 9 ^? 
daies :5 ,cajus ,sulpitius & ,lic9ius   
,/olo 7 ,consuls1 !re raign$ a great    
pe/il5ce at ,rome1 su* a mortalitie z   
comsum$ all ! /age plai]s indiff]5tly "o
 ) ano!r4 ,:]eupon at _! in/ant prai] & 
reque/1 !re repair$ out ( ,tuscane to   
,rome1 _m excell5t & s+ul> act\rs 9 ?is 
k9de3 among :om1 he :o 0 ( greate/      
reputation1 & _h c>i$ ! "n longe/ 9 all 
!at]s1 = 8 r>e gift & dext]itie t way1 0
 call$ ,hi/]2 ( ^: "n all o!r aft]w>ds 7
 te>m$ ,hi/riones4   #ajh4    ,:y esp\s$
 n ! ,romans 9 m>iage ^? wom5 :o 7 ne]e 
( k9   unto !m8  ,,0 x because !y 7     
desir\s to amplifie & encrease _!       
alliances1 & acquire m k9sfolke1 by giv+
 _! daught]s 9 m>iage to o!rs1 & by tak+
 to wife o!rs ?an _! owne k9r$8  ,or = t
 !y fe>$ 9 su* w$lock ! j>res & qu>rels 
( ^? :o be ( k91 :i* are able to ext+ui%
 & aboli% ev5 ! v]ie lawes & rights (   

nature8  ,or else1 see+ z !y did1 h[    
wom5 by reason ( _! weaknesse &         
infirmitie /& 9 ne$ ( _m help]s1 !y w\ld
 n h m5 to contract m>iage1 nor dwell 9 
"o h\se ) ^? :o 7 ne]e 9 blood to !m1 to
 ! end1 t if ! husb& %\ld (f] wrong &   
injurie to 8 wife1 h] k9sfolke might    
succ\r & assi/ h]4   #aji4    ,:y is x n
 lawfull = ,jupit]s prie/1 :om !y "n    
,flam5   ,dialis to h&le or once t\*    
meale or leav54  ,,= meale1 is x n      
because x is an unp]fect & raw k9d (    
n\ri%m5t8 = nei!r cont9ue? x ! same t x 
01 to wit1 :eat1 c4 nor is t yet :i* x  
%\ld be1 namely bread3 b ha? lo/ t      
nature :i* x _h be=e ( se$1 & )all ha? n
 gott5 ! use ( food & n\ri%m5t4 ,&      
h]eupon x is1 t ! poet calle? meale 7by 
a ,metaphor or borr[$ spee*7            
,mylephaton1 :i* is z mu* to say1 z     
kill$ & m>r$ by ! mill 9 gr9d+3 & z =   
leav51 bo? x selfe is eng5d]$ ( a c]ta9e
 corruption ( meale1 & also corrupte? 79
 a man]7 ! :ole lumpe ( d\gh1 :]e9 x is 
mix$3 = ! said d\gh becomme? lesse firme

 & fa/ ?an x 0 be=e1 x hange? n toge!r2 
& 9 "o ^w ! leav5 ( ! pa/e seeme? to be 
a v]ie putrifaction & rott5nesse !re(4  
,& v]ely if !re be too mu* ( ! leav5 put
 to ! d\gh1 x make? x s %>pe & s\re t x 
_c be eat51 & 9 v]ie tru? spoile? !     
meale q4   #aaj4    ,:]e=e is ! said    
prie/ likewise =bidd5 to t\* raw fle%8  
,,is x by ?is cu/ome to )draw him f>re f
 eat+ ( raw ?+s8  ,or is x = ! same     
cause t he abhorre? & dete/e? meale8 =  
nei!r is x any m a liv+ animall1 nor    
come yet to be meat3 = by boil+ & ro/+ x
 gr[e? to su* an alt]ation1 z *ange? !  
v]ie =me !re(3 :]eas raw fle% & newly   
kill$ is nei!r pure & impollut$ to !    
eie1 b hide\s to see to2 & besides1 x   
ha? 7,i wot n :at7 resemblance to an    
ougly sore or fil?ie ulc]4   #aaa4      
,:at is ! reason t ! ,romans h expresly 
commaund$ ! same   prie/ or ,flam5 (    
,jupit]1 n onely to t\* a dogge or a    
goat1   b n s mu* z to "n ei!r ( !m8    
,,to speake ( ! ,goat fir/1 is x n =    
dete/ation ( 8 excessive lu/ & le*]ie2 &

 besides = 8 ranke & fil?ie sav\r8 or   
because !y are afraid ( him1 z ( a      
diseas$ creature & subject to maladies8 
= surely1 !re seeme? n to be a bea/ 9 ! 
_w s mu* giv5 to ! fall+ sicknesse1 z x 
is2 nor infecte? s soone ^? t ei!r eat (
 ! fle% or once t\* x1 :5 x is surpris$ 
) ?is evill4 ,! cause :]e( "s say to be 
! /reightnesse ( ^? conduits & passages 
by :i* ! spirits g & come1 :i* (t5times 
happ5 to be int]cept$ & /opp$4 ,& ?is !y
 conjecture by ! small & sl5d] voice t  
?is bea/ ha?2  ! bett] to cont9ue !     
same1 we d see ord9>ily1 t m5 likewise  
:o be subject to ?is malady1 gr[ 9 ! end
 to h su* a voice z 9 "s sort resemble? 
! bleat+ ( goats4 ,n[1 = ! ,dog1 true x 
is haply t he is n s le*]\s1 nor smelle?
 altoge!r s /rong & s ranke z do? !     
,goat2 & yet "s !re be :o say1 t a ,dog 
might n be p]mitt$ to come )9 ! ca/le ( 
,a!ns1 nor to ent] into ! ,isle (       
,delos1 because =soo? he l9e? bit*es    
op5ly 9 ! sight ( ev]ie man1 z if bulls1
 bo>es1 & /alions _h _! secret *amb]s1  

to d _! k9d ) females1 & did n leape &  
cov] !m 9 ! broad field & op5 y>d1 )\t  
be+ aba%$ at ! matt]4  ,b ignorant !y   
are ( ! true cause inde$3 :i* is1 = t a 
,dog is by nature fell1 & qu>elsome1    
giv5 to arre & w>re ^u a v]ie small     
occasion3 9 :i* respect m5 bani% !m f   
sanctu>ies1 holy *ur*es1 & privil$g$    
places1 giv+ !reby unto poore afflict$  
suppliants1 free accesse unto !m = _!   
safe & sure refuge4 ,& ev5 s v]ie       
probable x is1 t ?is ,flam5 or prie/ (  
,jupit] :om !y w\ld h to be z an holy1  
sacr$1 & liv+ image = to flie unto1 %\ld
 be accessible & easie to be approa*$   
unto by humble sut]s1 & su* z /& 9 ne$ (
 him1 )\t any ?+ 9 ! way to empea*1 to  
put backe1 or to affright !m3 :i* 0 !   
cause t he _h a little b$ or pallet made
 = him1 9 ! v]ie por* or entrie ( 8     
h\se2 & t s]vant or slave1 :o c\ld f9d  
meanes to come & fall d[ne at 8 feet1 & 
lay hold on 8 knees 0 = t day fre$ f !  
:ip1 & pa/ dang] ( all o!r puni%m5t3 say
 he 7 a prison] ) irons1 & bolts at 8   

feet t c\ld make %ift to appro* ne]e    
unto ?is prie/1 he 0 let loose1 & 8     
gives & fett]s 7 ?r[5 out ( ! h\se1 n at
 ! doore1 b flung ov] ! v]ie ro(e !re(4 
,b to :at purpose s]v$ all ?is1 & :at   
good w\ld ?is h done1 t he %\ld %ew     
himselfe s g5tle1 s affable1 & humane1  
if he _h a cur/ dog ab\t him to keepe 8 
doore1 & to affright1 *ase & sc>re all  
^? away :o _h rec\rse unto him = succ\r4
 ,& yet s x is1 t our anci5ts reput$ n a
 dog to be altoge!r a clean creature3 = 
fir/ & =mo/ we doe n f9d t he is        
consecrat$ or d$icat$ unto any ( !      
cele/ial gods2 b be+ s5t unto t]re/rial 
inf]nall ,pros]p9a into ! qu>refires &  
crosse high waies to make h] a supp]1 he
 seeme? to s]ve = an expiatorie         
sacrifice to div]t & turne away "s      
calamitie1 or to cleanse "s fil?ie      
ordure1 r ?an o!rwise3 to say no?+1 t 9 
,lac$mon1 !y cut & slit dogs d[n along !
 mids1 & s sacrifice !m to ,m>s ! mo/   
bloody god ( all o!rs4 ,& ! ,romanes    
!mselves ^u ! fea/ ,lup]calia1 :i* !y   

celebrate 9 ! lu/rall mone? (           
,purification1 call$ ,febru>y1 (f] up a 
dog = a sacrifice3 & !re=e x is no      
absurditie to ?9ke1 t ^? :o h tak5 ^u !m
 to s]ve ! mo/ sov]aigne & pure/ god (  
all o!rs1 7 n )\t good cause =bidd5 to h
 a dog ) !m 9 ! h\se1 nor to be acqa9t$ 
& famili> ) him4   #aab4    ,= :at cause
 0 n ! same prie/ ( ,jupit] p]mitt$1    
ei!r to   t\* an ivie tree1 or to passe 
?or[ a way cov]$ ov] head ) a   v9e gr[+
 to a tree1 & spread+ h] bran*es f x8   
,,is n ?is l unto ^! precepts (         
,phy?agoras3 ,eat n y\r meat f a *aire3 
,sit n ^u a measure call$ ,*nix3 ,nei!r 
/ep ?\ ov] a broome or #adi;besoome4 ,= 
surely none ( ! ,py?agoreans fe>$ any ( 
^! ?+s1 or made scruple to doe1 z ^!    
words 9 outw>d %ew1 & 9 _! litt]all s5se
 d pret5d3 b "u su* spee*es !y did      
cov]tly & figuratively =bid some:at     
else3 ev5 s ?is precept3 ,g n "u a v9e1 
is to be ref]r$ unto w9e1 & implie? ?is 
mu*2 t x is n lawfull = ! said ,prie/ to
 be drunke2 = su* z ov] dr9ke !mselves1 

h ! w9e above _! heads1 & "u x !y are   
depress$ & weigh$ d[ne1 :]eas m5 &      
prie/s especially ought to be ev]more   
sup]iors & comm&]s ( ?is pleasure1 & 9  
no wise to be subject unto x4 ,& ?us mu*
 ( ! v9e4  ,z = ! ivie1 is x n = t x is 
a plant t be>e? no fruit1 nor any ?+    
good = mans use3 & moreov] is s weake1 z
 by reason ( t feebl5esse x is n able to
 su/a9e x selfe1 b _h ne$ ( o!r trees to
 support & be>e x up3 & besides1 ) !    
coole %ad[e t x yeelds1 & ! gre5e leaves
 alwaies to be se5e1 x dazele?1 & z x 7 
bewit*e? ! eies ( _m t looke ^u x3 = :i*
 causes1 m5 ?\ght t !y ought n to n\ri% 
or ent]ta9e x ab\t an h\se1 because x   
br+e? no pr(it2 nor suff] x to claspe   
ab\t any ?+1 consid]+ x is s hurtfull   
unto plants t admit x to creepe ^u !m1  
:iles x /icke? fa/ 9 ! gr\nd3 & !re=e   
bani%$ x is f ! temples & sacrifices ( !
 cele/iall gods1 & _! prie/s are deb>r$ 
f us+ x3 nei!r %all a man ev] see 9 !   
sacrifices or div9e wor%ip ( ,juno at   
,a!ns1 nor ( ,v5us at ,!bes1 any wilde  

ivie br\ght out ( ! woods4 ,m>y at !    
sacrifices & s]vices ( ,bac*us1 :i* are 
p]=m$ 9 ! night & d>knesse1 x is us$4   
,or may n ?is be a cov]t & figurative   
prohibition1 ( su* bl9d dances &        
fool]ies 9 ! night1 z ^! be1 :i* are    
practis$ by ! prie/s ( ,bac*us8 = ^?    
wom5 :i* are transport$ ) ^! furi\s     
motions ( ,bac*us1 runne imm$iately ^u !
 ivie1 & cat*+ x 9 _! h&s1 plucke x 9   
pieces1 or else *ew x betwe5e _! tee?2 9
 s mu* z !y speake n altoge!r absurdly1 
:o say1 t ?is ivie ha? 9 x a c]ta9e _s t
 /irre? & moove? to madnesse2 turne? m5s
 m9des to furie2 drive? !m to extasies2 
tr\ble? & torm5te? !m2 & 9 "o ^w make?  
!m drunke )\te w9e1 & do? great pleasure
 unto !m1 :o are o!rwise dispos$ &      
encl9$ ( !mselves to su* fanaticall     
ravi%m5ts ( _! wit & und]/&+4   #aac4   
,:at is ! reason t ^! ,prie/s & ,flam9s 
( ,jupit] 7 n   all[$1 ei!r to take ^u  
!m1 or to sue = any gov]nm5t ( ,/ate1   
b 9 reg>d t !y be n capable ( su*       
dignities1 = hon\r sake   & 9 "s sort to

 make "s recomp5se = t defect1 !y h an  
u%] or v]g] be=e !m c>ry+ a knit* (     
rods1 yea & a curall   *aire ( e/ate to 
sit ^u8  ,,is x = ! same cause1 t z 9 "s
 cities ( ,greece1 ! sac]dotall dignitie
 0 equival5t to ! royall maje/ie ( a k+1
 s !y w\ld n *use = _! prie/s1 meane    
p]sons & su* z came next to h&4  ,or r1 
because ,prie/s hav+ _! functions       
det]m9ate & c]ta9e1 & ! k+s1 undet]m9ate
 & unc]ta9e1 x 0 n possible1 t :5 !     
occasions & times ( bo? concurr$ toge!r 
at "o in/ant1 "o & ! same p]son %\ld be 
suffici5t = bo?3 = x c\ld n o!rwise be1 
b _m times :5 bo? *>ges press$ ^u him & 
urg$ him at ones1 he %\ld pret]mit ! "o 
or ! o!r1 & by t meanes "o :ile (f5d &  
fault 9 religion t[>d ,god1 & ano!r:ile 
d hurt unto citiz5s & subjects4  ,or    
else1 consid]+1 t 9 gov]nm5ts among m51 
!y saw t !re 0 o!r:iles no lesse        
necessitie ?an au?ority2 & t he :o is to
 rule a p 7z ,hippocrates said ( a      
physician1 :o see? _m evill ?+s1 yea &  
h&le? _m also7 f ! h>mes ( o!r m51      

reape? griefe & sorr[ ( 8 owne3 !y ?\ght
 x n 9 policy good1 t any "o %\ld       
sacrifice unto ! gods1 or h ! *>ge &    
sup]9t5d5ce ( sacr$ ?+s2 :o _h be5 ei!r 
pres5t or presid5t at ! judgem5ts &     
condemnations to dea? ( 8 owne citiz5s2 
yea & o!r:iles ( 8 owne k9sfolke &      
allies1 l z x befell sometime to        
,brutus4   ,,! ,,end4  ----   ,pr9t$ by 
,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson  ,,co4 ,ed9burgh 
& ,london     ,,biblio?,,que ,,de       
,,c>abas4  ,cr[n #hvo ,volumes1 ,pr9t$  
on ,h&-made ,pap]1 ) ,wide ,m>g9s &     
,uncut ,edges1 done up 9 ,japanese      
,vellum ,wrapp]s4  ,issu$ "u ! g5]al    
,editor%ip ( ,mr4 ,,&rew ,,lang4  ,,^!  
,,volumes ,,w ,,nev] ,,be ,,repr9t$4    
,i4 ,,cupid ,,& ,,psy*e3 ,! ,mo/        
,pleasant & ,delectable ,tale ( !       
,m>riage ( ,cupid & ,psy*e4 ,done into  
,engli% by ,,william ,,adl+ton1 (       
,univ]sity ,college 9 ,ox=d4 ,) a       
,disc\rse on ! ,fable by ,,&rew         
,,lang1 late ( ,m]ton ,college 9 ,ox=d4 
,frontispiece by ,w4 ,b4 ,,ri*mond1   & 

,v]ses by ! ,,editor1 ,,may ,,k5dall1   
,j4 ,w4 ,,mackail1 ,f4                  
,,lock]-,,lampson1   & ,w4 ,h4          
,,pollock4 7lxxxvi4 #ff pp47 #ahhg4 ,out
 ( pr9t4     ,,ii4 ,,eut]pe3 ,! ,second 
,book ( ! ,fam\s ,hi/ory ( ,h]odotus4   
,engli%$ by ,b4 ,r4 #aehd4 ,edit$ by    
,,&rew ,,lang1 ) ,introductory ,essays  
on ! ,religion & ! ,good ,fai? (        
,h]odotus4 ,frontispiece by ,a4 ,w4     
,,tomson2 & ,v]ses by ! ,,editor &      
,,graham ,r4 ,,tomson4 7xlviii4 #agd    
pp47   #ahhh4 #ajs4 ,out ( pr9t4        
,mr ,lang des]ves no small ?anks f all  
:o love ! qua9t &     delightful /ories 
( ,k+s & _! tombs1 ( gods & _! temples1 
told to ,h]odotus by ! prie/s ( ,egypt1 
& by him to !     _w4--,! ,spectator4   
,x is n necess>y to quote or po9t out ! 
be/ ( ! _m good     ?+s :i* w be f\nd 9 
',b4 ,r4's' translation ( ',eut]pe4' ,to
     beg9 x is to read x to ! end4--,!  
,saturday ,review4     ,,iii4 ,,!       
,,fables ,,( ,,bidpai2 ,,or1 ,,!        
,,morall ,,philosophic ,,( ,,doni3      

,drawne   out ( ! aunci5t writ]s1 a "w  
fir/ compil$ 9 ! ,indian tongue4        
,engli%$ out ( ,italian by ,,?omas      
,,nor?1 ,bro!r to ! ,"r ,honorable      
,sir ,,rog] ,,nor?1 ,knight1 ,"l ,,nor? 
( ,kyr!l+1 #aegj4 ,n[ aga9 edit$   &    
induc$ by ,,joseph ,,jacobs1 toge!r ) a 
,*ronologico-,biographical   ,*>t ( !   
translations & adaptations ( ! ,sanskrit
 ,orig9al1 &   an ,analytical           
,concordance ( ! ,/ories4 ,) a full-page
 ,illu/ration   by ,,edw>d ,,burne      
,,jones1 ,a4,r4,a41 ,frontispiece f a   
#af? c5tury ,,ms4 (   ! ,anv>i ,suhaili1
 & facsimiles ( ,woodcuts 9 ! ,italian  
,doni (   #aecb4 7lxxxii4 #bfd pp47     
#ahhh4 ,! few rema9+ copies1 #abs4      
,we h no?+ b praise to be/[ ^u ?is      
repr9t1 :i* =ms     ! late/ volume (    
,mr4 ,nutt's delightful ',biblio?que de 
,c>abas4'444 ,) its s*ol>ly disquisition
 & its lovely pap] &     type1 ! book   
makes an appeal :i* w1 9 _m qu>t]s at   
lea/1     be irresi/ible4--,notes &     
,qu]ies4     ,,iv-,v4 ,,! ,,fables ,,(  

,,sop1 z fir/ pr9t$ by ,w4 ,,caxton 9   
#adhd4 ,n[   aga9 edit$ & induc$ by ,j4 
,,jacobs4 ,) ,introductory ,v]se by ,mr4
   ,,&rew ,,lang4 #b ,vols4 #ahij4 #a1  
#as4     ,,vi4 ,,! ,,attis ,,( ,,caius  
,,val]ius ,,catullus4 ,translat$ into   
,engli%   ,v]se1 ) ,diss]tations on !   
,my? ( ,attis1 on ! ,orig9 (            
,tree-,wor%ip1 & on ! ,galliambic       
,metre4 ,by ,,grant ,,all51 ,b4,a41     
=m]ly   ,po/ma/] ( ,m]ton ,college1     
,ox=d4 7xvi4 #aed pp47 #ahib4 #gs4 #f;d4
   ,notes    #a ,livy1 x4 #dg1 #g1 ,ep4 
#aa2 ,val4 ,max41 ,i4 viii4 #b2 ,/rabo1 
xii4 p4 #efg2       ,ovid1 ,f41 i4 #bia2
 ,m41 xv4 #fbb2 ,oros1 iii4 #bb2        
,lactant41 ,in/41       ,,ii4 vii4 #ac2 
,arnob41 vii4 #dd2 ,augu/91 ,c4 ,d41    
iii4 #ag2 ,aurel4       ,vict41 ,de ,v4 
,ill41 #be2 ,dion41 v4 #ac2 ,pl9y1 ,n4  
,h41 #bi1 #af4    #b ,s*rad]1           
,prehi/oric ,antiquities ( ! ,aryan     
,peoples1 p4 #afb4    #c                
,religionsges*i*te1 ii4 #bjc4    #d     
,mey]1 ,indog]manis*e ,my!n1 ii4 p4     

#fab4    #e ,m>qu>dt1 ,rmis*e           
,/aatsv]waltung#b1 iii4 p4 #b4    #f    
,momms51 ,hi/ory ( ,rome1 i4 #agc4    #g
 ,ibid42 cf4 ,ros*]1 ,lexikon1 s4v4     
,ianus4    #h ,ro*holz1 ,deuts*]        
,glaube1 ii4 #acf4    #i ,wuttke1       
,deuts*] ,volksab]glaube#b1  #eg4   #aj 
,ibid41  #agg1 #chh4   #aa ,ibid41      
#cie2 cf4 ,pl9y1 ,n4 ,h41 #bh1 #hf4     
#ab ,m>qu>dt1 iii4 #f4   #ac ,de la     
,saussaye1 ii4 #bjc4   #ad ,m>qu>dt1 p4 
#g4   #ae ,de la ,saussaye1 i4 #ec4     
#af ,m>qu>dt1 p4 #f4   #ag ,folk-,lore1 
vol4 ii4 p4 #bce4   #ah ,m>qu>dt1 p4    
#be4   #ai ,*ez les ,*9ois ,ti e/ bi5 et
 uniquem5t la t]re 444 qui n'a          
aucun p]sonalit1 aucun aspect           
an?ropologique4--,de ,rialle1           
,my?ologie ,comp>e1 i4 #bce4 ,z 9 ,rome1
 s 9 ,*9a1 ?\gh !       sky advanc$ to !
 rank ( a _s1 ! e>? rema9$ a feti*4     
#bj ,prell]1 ,r4 ,m41 i4 #a & #b1 po9ts 
out t ,italian my?ology is       q      
diff]5t f ! ,greek2 t x is only 9 a     
c]ta9       s5se t !re c be said to be a

 ,roman my?ology2 t x is a       v      
diff]5t ?+ f ,greek1 ,h9doo1 ,p]sian1   
,teutonic1 &       ,sc&9avian my?ology2 
t ! ,romans _h n advanc$ f> 9           
p]sonify+ & individualis+ _! gods1 &    
consequ5tly c\ld       n develop mu*    
my?ology4 ,f9ally1 ,italian religion 0  
f> less       widely remov$ f !         
primitive ,aryan belief ?an ,greek      
religion       & my?ology 74   #ba      
,livy1 ii4 #ba2 ,dion41 vi4 i4   #bb    
,momms51 ,hi/4 ( ,rome1 i4 #dhb ff4     
#bc ,accord+ to ,s*wegl]1 ,rm4 ,ges*41  
i4 #ced-chc1  is simply       ,greek =  
,faunus  ,fav9us1 ! b5evol5t or good    
god4 ,cf4       ,fauna  ,bona ,dea4     
#bd ,rapi 444 similatur virgo ex gremio 
matris 444 cum ad virum trahitur1       
quod videlicet ea res felicit] ,romulo  
cessit4--,fe/us1 s4v4 rapi4   #be ,e4g41
 among ! ,e/honians1 ,f9ns1 ,wotjaks1   
,mordw9s1 ,v$ic       ,h9doos1 &        
,bohemians4   #bf ,= ! use ( ! sword1   
axe1 or dagg] to keep (f evil spirits   
f a w$d+1 see ,s*ro$]1 ,ho*zeitsbru*e d]

 ,e/]1 #ii-ajb4   #bg ,= ! sacr$ness ( !
 head especially1 see ! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 i4
       #ahg-aic4   #bh ,! my?1 z giv5 by
 ,plut>*1 is to be f\nd also 9 ,livy1 i4
 #i2       ,s]v4 ad n41 vi4 #ee2 & 9    
,v>ro1 quot$ by ,fe/us1 p4 #cea4 ,!     
^w occurs 9 ,m>tial1 i4 #ce4 #f & #g2   
iii4 #ic4 #be2 xii4 #db4 #d1 #ie4       
#e 7,fri$lnd] says no?+71 & ,catullus1  
lxi4 #acd 7,rob9son ,ellis       has    
no?+ to say74   #bi ,h>tley1 ,sci5ce (  
,fairy ,tales1 pp4 #bgi-bha1 = examples4
 ,!       tale ( ,s]vius is also told by
 ,ovid1 ,f41 vi4 #egg4   #cj ,x is      
int]e/+ to note t two hundr$ ye>s ago   
,boxhorn1 9       comm5t+ on ?is passage
 ( ,plut>*1 laid d[n a fundam5tal       
proposition ( ! sci5ce (                
folk-lore3--,mortales cum inquir]5t 9   
caussas r]um1 nec inv5ir5t1 pro libitu  
suo v]isimiles sunt       comm5ti4 ,sic 
ut fabul propon]5tur tanquam causs r]um1
 cum res       ips ess5t cause fabul>um4
 ,see 8 edition ( ! ,roman              
,que/ions1 pr9t$ 9 vol4 v4 ( ! ,!saurus 

( ,grvius 7,lugd41       ,batavor1      
#afif74   #ca ,e?nology 9 ,folk-,lore1  
pp4 #abj ff4 ,mr4 ,gomme1 h[ev]1 argues 
t ! fe> ( dead k9dr$ 0 borr[$ by !      
,aryans f !       non-,aryan inhabitants
 ( ,europe4 ,b :y may n ! pro-e?nic     
,aryans1 z well z o!r savages1 h _h1 at 
"o /age ( _!       developm5t1 a fe> (  
dead k9dr$8   #cb ,my au?orities = !    
cu/oms quot$ 9 ! next few pages are     
7unless special ref]5ces are giv57      
,wuttke1 ,deuts*e       ,volksab]glaube1
  #gbe-gef2 ,ro*holz1 ,deuts*] ,glaube  
und       ,brau*1 ii4 pp4 #agj-agc2 &   
,de ,rialle1 ,my?ologie ,comp>e1 i4 p4  
#abe4   #cc ,we9hold1 ,altnord4 ,leb51  
#dgf4   #cd ,! ,l>es are ?us repres5t$  
on a co9 ( ! g5s ,csia4 ,see            
,coh51 ,md4 ,cons41 pl4 viii1 ,csia4    
#ce ,ovid1 ,f41 v4 #abi-adg4   #cf ,de  
la ,saussaye1 ,religionsges*i*te1 i4    
#bha4   #cg ,wuttke1  #gee4   #ch       
,waldron's ,isle ( ,man1 p4 #ajc4   #ci 
,encyc4 ,britan41 art4 ,sacrifice4   #dj
 ,fraz]1 ,g4 ,b41 i4 #bci4   #da ,dao9e 

,%ie or ,sluagh ,mai?4   #db ,fraz]1 i4 
#abb4   #dc ,de ,rialle1 i4 #aij4   #dd 
,see ,! ,secret ,commonweal? by ,mr4    
,rob]t ,kirk1 ,m9i/] (       ,ab]foyle1 
#afia4   #de ,see ,saupe's edition ( !  
,indiculus1 p4 #i4   #df ,s]vius on     
,georg41 i4 #cjb1 & ,prud5t1 c4 ,symm41 
ii4 #ddd4   #dg ,fraz]1 ii4 #ccb4   #dh 
,prell]1 ,r4 ,m4#c1 ii4 #aih4   #di     
,cic4 de ,div41 i4 #ah1 #cf2 ,plut4 ,ti4
 ,grac*41 i4 ,a simil> /ory is          
relat$ ( ,d4 ,laelius1 ,jul4 ,op4 seq4  
#eh4   #ej ,h4 ,n41 xxix4 #gb4   #ea ,c4
 ,i4 ,l41 i4 #fjc4   #eb ,we h no direct
 evid5ce ( ?is1 b we may inf] x f !     
analog\s case ( ,dius ,fidius3--,qui p] 
,dium ,fidium iur>e vult1       prodire 
solet 9 compluvium4--,non4 ,m>c41 p4    
#did1 quot+ ,v>ro4 ,!       temples (   
,dius ,fidius _h a hole specially made 9
 ! ro(       7p]=atum tectum1 ,v>ro1 ,l4
 ,l4 v4 #ff71 "u :i* "o might           
swe>4 ,probably ! temples ( ,h]cules 7  
simil>ly provid$2       c]ta9ly ^? (    
,t]m9us 7 7exiguum templi tecta =am5    

hab5t4--,ov4 ,f4 ii4 #fgb74   #ec       
,reiff]s*eid1 9 ! ,annali dell'         
,in/ituto = #ahfg1 p4 #ceb       ff41   
id5tifies ,h]cules ) ! g5ius ,jovis4 ,b1
 9 ! fir/       place1 ?is seems to me !
 wrong inf]5ce f 8 own facts1 :i*       
all h exclusively to d ) ! g5ii virorum4
 ,next1 !       g5ius ,jovis is n kn[n  
be=e ,b4,c4 #eh4 ,s*wegl]1 be=e         
,reiff]s*eid1 notic$ t 9 ,gellius1 xi4  
#f4 #a1 d] rmis*e       ,h]cules ers*e9t
 als id5tis* mit dem g5ius d]           
,mnn]4--,r4 ,g41       i4 #cfg n4   #ed 
,ros*]'s argum5ts to %[ t ,juno is !    
moon are n       satisfactory4 ,he      
assumes )\t pro( t ,juno 0 always ,luc9a
       7:]eas ,luc9a 0 an indep5d5t _s  
wor%ipp$ 9 woods1       ,lexikon1 pp4   
#ehc & #fjb71 t ,luc9a 0 ! moon 7:]eas  
%e is       ! _s t br+s *ildr5 to light1
 & is n  ,luna71 t       ! ,italians    
connect$ ! moon ) *ild-bir? 7:i*1 z     
,birt       says1 lacks pro(71 t ! "n   
,juno indicates a light-giv+       deity
 7:]eas1 ?\gh f ! root 99,div1 x does n 

imply !       giv+ ( light any m ?an    
deus does1 :i* is appli$ to !       di  
manes1 ! di indigetes1 dea bona1 dea    
dia1 c474 ,!       argum5ts drawn by    
,ros*] f works ( art are untru/wor?y1   
because borr[+ is specially probable 9  
_! case4 ,f9ally1 !       hypo!sis ( a  
,grco-,italian p]iod1 on :i* ,ros*]     
relies to       prove t ,juno  ,h]a  !  
moon1 is n[ discr$it$4   #ee ,9 ,b4,c4  
#cfa an ,aius ,locutius 0 produc$ 7,liv4
 v4 #cb4 #f1 #ej4 #f1 #eb4       #aa72 9
 #baa a ,r$iculus ,tutanus 7,fe/us      
s4v472 9 or aft] #bfi a       _s ( silv]
 co91 ,arg5t9us 7,augu/41 ,c4 ,d4 iv4   
#ba & #bh72       b no _s 0 =?com+ =    
gold co91 :i* 0 fir/ /ruck       9      
,b4,c4 #bag4 ,see fur!r ,ros*]'s        
,lexikon1 s4v4 ,indigitam5ta4   #ef ,s  
call$ quod m>em effuso sem9e            
lib]at4--,augu/91 ,c4 ,d4 vii4       #b4
   #eg ,f9ally1 ) reg>d to ,matuta1 ! v 
rem>kable fact record$       9 ,romane  
,que/ions1 #ag1 t p pray$ to h] n = any 
bless+s to _! own *ildr51 b = _! nephews

 only       7bro!rs' or si/]s' *ildr571 
imm$iately sugge/s t we h       "h an   
indication t ! ,nair type ( family 0    
once kn[n 9       ,italy4 ,b !          
indication1 be+ isolat$1 has p]haps n   
mu*       value4   #eh ,%e occurs 9 !   
foll[+ s]ies3--,fluvionia1 ,m5a1        
,vitumnus1       ,s5t9us1 ,alemona1     
,nova1 ,decima1 ,p>tula1 ,c>m5ta1       
,luc9a1 = :i*       see ,s4 ,augu/41 ,c4
 ,d4 vii4 #c2 ,t]tull41 ,de ,an4 #cg1 & 
,ad ,nat4       ii4 #aa4   #ei ,liv4 v4 
#dg2 ,dion4 ,hal4 i4 #cb2 ,s]v4 on n4   
viii4 #ccg2 ,w4 ,beck]1       ,h&b4 d4  
rm4 ,alt]t41 i4 #acg4   #fj ,d]iv$      
probably f ,v>ro1 ,r4 ,r4 ,,ii4 xi4 #e4 
#fa ,livy1 i4 #de4 #c2 ,dionys41 iv4    
#be2 ,aur4 ,vict41 ,de ,vir4 ,ill41 vii4
 #i4   #fb ,z ,prell] does1 ,r4 ,m4#c1  
i4 #cac4   #fc e4g41 ,c4 ,i4 ,l4 vi4    
#fef1 #feh1 c4   #fd ,c4 ,i4 ,l41 vii4  
#dea4   #fe ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d1 iii4     
#ajd2 cf4 ,gumm]e1 ,g]manic ,orig9s1    
#chc4       ,special influ5ce ov] cattle
 is ascrib$ to wood-spirits 7,gold5     

,b\gh1 i4 #aje74   #ff ,gumm]e1 p4 #chg2
 cf4 ,bugge1 ,/udi51 p4 #cic ff4   #fg  
,gold5 ,b\gh1 i4 #ahg ff4   #fh ,ibid41 
#ahh4 ,! date ( ! rite 0 #ac? ,augu/2   
cf4 ,auson41 ,de       ,f]4 ,rom41 #f2  
,m>tial1 #ab1 #fg1 #b4 ,! asylum =      
runaway slaves       af=d$ by ! temple  
f9ds a folk-lore explanation 9 a        
folk-etymology4 dem ,dian d$icav]it 9   
,av5t9o1 cuius tutel       s9t c]vi1 a  
quo cel]itate fugitivos voc5t c]vos     
7,fe/us1 p4       #cdc;a1 #g1 s4v4      
,s]vorum dies74 ,birt 7,ros*]'s         
,lexikon1 i4 #ajjh7       seems to take 
?is explanation s]i\sly2 b ! temple on !
       ,av5t9e 0 precisely ! temple 9   
:i* ! goddess ( c]vi 0       n wor%ipp$4
 ,possibly ! "r ( asylum 0 conf]r$ on ! 
temple z "p ( ! political *anges br\ght 
ab\t by !       =mation ( ! ,lat9       
conf$]acy1 = ?is temple 0 ! religi\s    
c5tre ( ! ,lat9 alliance1 ,commune      
,lat9orum ,dian templum       7,v>ro1   
,l4 ,l4 v4 #dc74 ,h5ce1 !n1 ! folk-/ory 
t ,s]vius       ,tullius1 natus s]vus   

7,fe/us1 l4c471 built ! temple & gave   
x ! "r ( asylum4   #fi ,= ! full li/ see
 ,m>qu>dt1 #cbh-cca4   #gj ,gold5 ,b\gh1
 i4 #cg ff4   #ga ,ibid41 i4 #ci4   #gb 
,gold5 ,b\gh1 *4 ii4   #gc ,rm4         
,my?ol4#c1 i4 #bja4   #gd ,kmpf]1       
,hi/ory ( ,japan1 quot$ by ,mr4 ,fraz]1 
i4 #aaj4   #ge ,kmpf]1 ,hi/ory ( ,japan1
 quot$ by ,mr4 ,fras]1 i4 #aaj4   #gf ,)
 ,q4 ,r41 #aaa1 cf4 ,gold5 ,b\gh1 i4    
#bjg2 ) ,q4 ,r41 #aab1       cf4 ,g4    
,b41 i4 #ahc2 & g5]ally see i4 #aag4    
#gg ,g4 ,b41 i4 #acj4   #gh ,= in/ances 
see ,h>tl&1 ,sci5ce ( ,fairy ,tales1 pp4
 #bgb-bgd4   #gi ,momms41 ,r4 ,h41 i4   
#be4   #hj ,ibid41 i4 #fj4   #ha ,g4    
,b41 i4 #agj4 ,i may po9t out t 9 "s    
p>ts ( ,europe ^!       taboos /ill     
survive4 ,= six weeks aft] deliv]y1 ! "y
 "m       is =bidd5 to ent] a /range    
h\se1 or g %opp+1 or draw wat]       f a
 well1 or walk ov] a s[$ field 7,grimm1 
,d4 ,m4#d1 iii4 pp4       #dce1 #dfd1   
,nos4 #ce1 #hdd1 #hde74 ,! ,e/honians   
also reg>d a new-born       *ild z      

taboo$1 & indirect contact ) x z dang]\s
 7,ibid41       p4 #dhh1 ,no4 #bh74 ,= !
 dea?-deal+ qualities ( wom51 cf4       
,bur*>d von ,worms1 ,samlung d]         
,decrete1 ,coln1 #aedh1 p4 #bja;a       
7quot$ by ,grimm1 iii4 #daj74 ,among/ ! 
,eskimo1 z among/ !       ,g]mans1 ! "y 
"m is =bidd5 to leave ! h\se = six      
weeks 7,reclus1 ,primitive ,folk1 #cf72 
%e is also taboo$ by !       ,badagas ( 
! ,neilgh]rie ,hills 7,ibid41 #aib74    
#hb ,h>tl&1 ,s4 ( ,f4 ,t41 p4 #ic ff4 = 
in/ances4   #hc ,make ( x an image 9 8  
lik5ess 7i4e41 ( ,namt>1 ! plague72     
apply 7! image7 to ! liv+ fle% ( 8 body 
7i4e41 ( !       sick man74 ,may !      
malevol5t ,namt> :o possesses him pass  
into !       image 7,l5ormant1 ,*aldan  
,magic1 p4 #ea74 ,! ,buddhi/s ( ,ceylon 
cure disease 9 exactly ! same way 7,j4  
,rob]ts1 ,ori5tal       ,illu/rations ( 
,scripture1 p4 #aga74   #hd ,cf4 ,c4 ,f4
 ,gordon ,cumm+1 ,two ,happy ,ye>s 9    
,ceylon1 i4 p4 #bgh1       ,! a/rolog]  
is call$ 9 to preside at baby's 'rice   

fea/1' :5       "s gra9s ( rice are fir/
 plac$ 9 its mon?4 ,he selects = !      
little "o a "n :i* is comp\nd$ f ! "n ( 
! rul+       planet ( t mom5t4 ,?is "n  
he tells only to ! fa!r1 :o       :isp]s
 x l[ 9 baby's e>--no "o else mu/ "k x1 
&1 l !       ,*9ese 'infantile "n1' ?is 
'rice "n'  is nev] us$ le/       sorc]]s
 %\ld he> x & be able to "w malignant   
spells4   #he ,= in/ances see ,folk     
,lore1 iii4 #acg4 ,! ,romans !mselves   
fett]$ ! image ( ,saturnus 7,macrob41 i4
 #h4 #e2 ,/at4 ,silv41 i4 #f4       #d2 
,arnob41 iv4 #bd2 ,m9uc4 ,fel41 c4 #bb4 
#e74   #hf ,*emnitz] ,rock5philosophie1 
#af & #cbe 7,grimm1 ,d4 ,m4#d1 iii4     
#dce & #dde74   #hg ,! classical        
ref]5ces are3 ,fe/us1 p4 #adc & #che2   
,dionys41 i4 #ch2       ,ov41 ,f41 i4   
#ef1 iii4 #gia1 v4 #fb ff42 ,v>ro1 ,l4  
,l41 vii4 #dd2       ,paul4 ,diac41 p4  
#ae2 ,lact1 ,i4 i4 #ba4 #f2 ,macrob41 i4
 #e4 #aj1 & #aa4 #dg2       ,prud5t4 ,c4
 ,symma*41 ii4 #bie2 ,cic]o pro ,roscio 
,am41 #ce4 #ajj2       ,catull41 xvii4  

#h4 #bc2 ,non4 ,m>c41 p4 #ceh;b42 ,liv4 
i4 #ba1 iv4 #ab4 ,!       mod]n         
lit]ature3 fir/ & =emo/ & f9al1         
,mannh>dt1 ,wald-       und ,feldkulte1 
p4 #bfe ff41 ^: explanation is adopt$ 9 
,ros*]'s ,lexikon2 fur!r1 ,prell]1 ,rm4 
,m4#c1 ii4 #ace ff42       ,m>qu>dt1    
#aij ff42 ,grimm1 ,d4 ,m41 #gcc1 n4 #d4 
,! mean+ ( !       ^w ,argei has receiv$
 no satisfactory explanation yet4 ,!    
numb]       ( ! images is acc\nt$ = by !
 fact t ea* ( !       tw5ty-f\r qu>t]s (
 anci5t ,rome requir$ ra9 = its crops4  
#hh ,see ,rhe94 ,museum1 #ahfg1 p4 #abi4
   #hi ,macrob41 i4 #aj1 #aa ff42       
,gell41 ,n4 ,a41 vii4 7vi47 #g2 ,plut41 
,rom41 #d4 #e2 ,lactant41 i4 #bj4 #e4   
#ij ,exuuntur etiam ve/ibus populo      
flagitante m]etrices1 qu tunc           
7i4e41 at ! ,floralia7 mim>um funguntur 
(ficio 7,lact4 l4c474       ,cf4 ,val4  
,max41 #b4 #aj4 #h2 ,s5ec41 ,ep41 #ig4  
#g2 ,m>t41 #a prf42       ,ov41 ,f41 iv4
 #idf1 v4 #ahc2 ,t]tull41 ,de ,spect41  
#ag2 ,m94 ,felix1       #be4 #h2        

,augu/91 ,c4 ,d41 ii4 #bg4   #ia ,!     
,arval ,bro!rs wore a h>ve/-cr[n1 vittis
 spiceis coronati1       ,c4 ,i4 ,l41   
vi4 #bajd;a #af4 ,!y pres]v$ a %eaf (   
corn 7corn-baby1       "m1 c47 f !      
previ\s ye>'s h>ve/2 ?is is ! fruges    
aridas ( ,c4 ,i4 ,l41 l4c4 #f4 ,!y      
consecrat$ ! old corn1 !       gre5 corn
 ( ! new ye>1 & a loaf1 fruges aridas et
 virides       contig]unt et panes      
laureatos1 l4c42 & !y sacram5tally ate  
! god1 fruges libatas4   #ib ,momms51   
,die e*te und die fals*e ,acca ,l>5tia1 
#c ,a4 #c4   #ic ,jordan1 ,krit4        
,beitr41 #ge1 comp>es ,italian atta1 "m 
&       ,greek 8   #id ,e nos ,lases    
iuvate  ,age nos1 ,l>es1 iuvate4   #ie  
,! classical ref]5ces on ?is subject (  
beans are3 ,diog4 ,la]t41       viii4   
#bd & #cd 7quot+ ,ari/otle1     71      
,gellius1 ,n4 ,a41 iv4 #aa2 ,cic41 de   
,div41 i4 #cj1 ii4 #eh2 ,pl9y ,n4       
,h41 xviii4 #ab2 ,didymus 9 ,geopon41   
ii4 #eh2 ,sext4 ,emp41 ,pyrrh4          
,hyp41 iii4 #bbd2 ,iambl41 ,vit4 ,py?41 

#aji & ,protrept4 extr4       ,symb41   
#cg2 ,anon4 7e4 ,photio71 ,vit4 ,py?41  
#g2 ,pseudo-,orig41 ,philos4       ii42 
,apollon4 ,dysc41 ,mirab4 ,hi/41 c4 #df2
 ,eudocia1 p4 #cfh2 ,suidas1       s4 v4
 4 442 ,eu/a?41 ,n41 p4 #idh4   #if ,=  
its mean+ z a symbol1 see ,we/ropp1     
,primitive ,symbolism1 p4       #bh4    
#ig ,r4 ,q41 #a1 #b1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #bi1   
#cj1 #ca1 #fe1 #hf1 #hg1 #aje1 #ajh4    
#ih ,! cu/om is also te/ifi$ to by ,s]v4
 on ,virg41 ,ecl41 viii4 #bi2           
,isid41 ,orig41 ix4 #h2 ,plaut41 ,cas41 
,,iv4 iv4 #a2 ,catull41 lxi4 #aei2      
,lucan1 ,ph>s41 ii4 #ceh4   #ii ,ueb]   
die rmis*e ,ehe1 p4 #cfj4  #ajj         
,re9sb]g-,dr+sfeld1 ,ho*zeitsbu*1 p4    
#eg4  #aja ,ibid41 #hd4  #ajb ,ibid41   
#bea4  #ajc ,we9hold1 ,die deuts*5      
,frau5#b1 i4 #daj4  #ajd ,haas 9 ,web]'s
 ,ind4 ,/ud41 v4 #cbd1 #cei1 #cgc4  #aje
 ,v4 ,s*ro$]1 ,ho*zeitsbru*e d] ,e/51   
pp4 #hh ff4  #ajf ,plut>*1 ,r4 ,q41 #ca4
 ,cf4 ,fe/us1 ,9 pelle lanata nova nupta
       consid]e solet4  #ajg ,s]v4 ad   

n41 iv4 #cgd4  #ajh  1 ,suidas1 s4v4    
#aji ,de ,witte1 ,descr4 des ,antiq4 de 
l',htel ,lamb]t1 p4 #fh1 pl4 #bb        
7reproduc$ 9 ,d>emb]g et ,saglio1       
,dict41 s4v41 & 9 ,duruy1       ,hi/4   
des ,grecs1 i4 #ghf74 ,! "r             
int]pretation ( ?is sc5e       0 fir/   
giv5 by ,l5ormant1 ,contempor>y ,review1
 #ahhj1 p4 #acg4  #aaj ,! ,roman1 at ?is
 crisis ( 8 p]sonal hi/ory1 plac$       
himself       "u ! protection ( a s]ies 
( ,di ,indigetes1 e4g41 ,subigus1       
,prema1 ,p]tunda 7,s4 ,augu/41 ,c4 ,d41 
vi4 #i74  #aaa ,! ,lat9 phrase is ,aqua 
et igni accipi4 ,! cu/om is te/ifi$ to  
by ,dion4 ,hal41 ii4 #cj2 ,v>ro1 ,l4    
,l41 v4 #fa2 ,s]v4 ad n41 iv4           
#afg2 ,ov41 ,f41 iv4 #ghg2 ,fe/4 s4v4   
,scv41 ,dig41 #bd4 #a4 #ff2 ,/at41      
,silv4 ,i4 ii4 #c2 ,val4 ,fl41 ,argon41 
viii4 #bdd4  #aab ,we9hold1 i4 #cge &   
#djh4  #aac ,s*rd]1 #abh ff4  #aad      
,re9sb4-,dr+sfeld1 #hd4  #aae ,aqua     
asp]gebatur nova nupta1 s4v4 ,facem 9   
nuptiis4  #aaf ,re9sb4-,dr+sfeld1 #ei4  

#aag ,haas1 #ceh4  #aah                 
,re9sb4-,dr+sfeld1 #gc4  #aai ,ibid41   
#ib4  #abj ,ibid41 #fc4  #aba ,ibid41   
#ei4  #abb ,cat41 lxi1 #ha-hf1 #aaj1    
#aai2 ,claud41 ,fesc5n41 #ajf2 ,de      
,rapt4       ,pros41 ii4 #cce4  #abc    
,haas1 #cbg4  #abd ,s*rd]1 #hg4  #abe   
,f4 ,b4 ,jevons1 ,k9 & ,cu/om1 9 !      
,j\rnal ( ,philology1 xvi4       pp4 #hg
 ff4  #abf ,moore1 ,indian ,appeals1 ii4
 #ge4  #abg ,= :i* see ,r4 ,q4 #f4  #abh
 ,9 ,*amb]s's ,encyclopdia1 s4v4        
,family4  #abi ,9 ,*amb]s's ,encylopdia1
 s4v4 ,names4  #acj ,?is cu/om also     
crops out 9 fairy tales4 ,see ,mr4 ,j4  
,jacob's ,indian       ,fairy ,tales1 p4
 #bh4  #aca ,or1 nuptiall4  #acb        
,daught]s husb&4  #acc ,wives fa!r4     
#acd ,?is may seeme to h "s ref]5ce to !
 =m] "q4  #ace 4  #acf 4  #acg ,or      
,matuta4  #ach ,by ,prolepsis1 mean+ !  
place :]e aft]w>ds ,rome /ood4  #aci ,or
 ,phaulius4  #adj ,t is to say1 ,kal5ds1
 ,nones1  ,ides4  #ada  1 or1 a c]te9e  
quantitie ( w9e ye]ely1 z "s            

int]pret x4  #adb 4  #adc    #add 1     
s9i/ra4  #ade ,i suspect ?is place to be
 corrupt 9 ! orig9all4  #adf ,or ab\t a 
dog by ! ,hippocoontides4  #adg ,or1    
feele pa9e3 allud+ haply ,ad rupturam   
,hym5is4  #adh ,or take delight &       
pleasure4  #adi 4