,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,und]scores 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate italics 9 ! orig9al text4 ,equal signs 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate bold 9 ! orig9al text4 ,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,solid capitals4 ,old or antiquat$ spell+s h be5 pres]v$4 ,typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$ b o!r v>iations 9 spell+ & punctuation rema9 unalt]$4 ,a ,,prim] ,,( ,! ,art ( ,illum9ation ,= ! ,use ( ,beg9n]s2 ,,) ,a ,,rudim5t>y ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,art1 ,,practical ,,directions ,,= ,,its ,,ex]cise1 ,,& ,,examples ,,tak5 ,,f ,,illum9at$ ,,mss4 ,,by ,f4 ,,delamotte4 ,london3--,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #af1 ,,buckl]sbury4 #ahfj4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,b[les ,,& ,,sons1 ,,george ,,/reet1 ,,mansion ,,h\se1 ,e4,c4 ,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,preface v4 ,,"p ,i4 ,hi/ory1 ,def9ition1 & ,*>act]i/ics ( ,illum9ation vii4 ,ref]5ce to ,specim5s at ! ,briti% ,museum xxvii4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,practical ,directions xxxii4 ,col\rs xxxiii4 ,app5dix xliv4 ,plates4 ,monograms3 #g? & #h? c5turies i4 ,f ! ,bible ( ,*>les ! ,bald1 #i? c5tury ii4 ,f a ,bible1 #ab? c5tury iii4 ,opus ,anglicum iv4 ,h\rs ( ,s4 ,l\is v4 ,les ,m]veilles du ,monde1 #adji vi4 ,*ronicles ( ,engl&1 ,edw>d ,,iv4 vii4 ,h\rs ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 viii4 ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany ix4 #ad? & #ae? c5turies--,initials x4 ,ditto xi4 ,italian ,initials xii4 ,outl9es ( ! above xiii4 to xx4 ,illu/ration ,preface4 ,z ! ta/e = illum9ation cont9ues to spread1 ! want ( an elem5t>y "w on ! art becomes m & m ke5ly felt4 ,p]sons possess$ ( real arti/ic skill turn _! att5tion to x1 & aft] design+ & execut+ "w :i*1 accord+ to all ! rules ( art kn[n to !m1 ought to produce a correct & pleas+ result1 are amaz$ at ! unga9ly conglom]ation :i* is ! rew>d ( _! lab\r4 ,! secret ( ?is is1 !y are unacqua9t$ ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! art4 ,o!rs1 sett+ to "w 9 a saf] way1 place be=e !m a specim5 ( m$ival illum9at+ "w1 & endeav\r to produce an accurate copy ( x2 !y too are amaz$ at f9d+ t1 aft] all ! pa9s be/[$ on x1 _! copy has an effect s diff]5t f t ( ! orig9al4 ,! secret ( ?is is1 !y are unacqua9t$ ) ! peculi> me?od ( manipulat+ ! col\rs1 c4 us$ 9 illum9at+4 ,:at bo? ne$ is1 elem5t>y in/ruction 9--fir/--! pr9ciples2 &1 secondly--! practice ( ! art4 ,x is to supply ?is want t ! #8,,prim] ,,( ,,illum9ation' has be5 conceiv$4 ,x conta9s j s mu* in/ruction on ! hi/ory & pr9ciples ( ! art1 z may s]ve to fix on c]ta9 def9ite bases1 ! w&]+ & some:at hazy notions ( p on ! subject1 & enable !m1 by ref]5ce to good examples1 to erect _! own sup]/ructure on a c]ta9 f\ndation2 & j s mu* in/ruction 9 ! practical "p ( ! art z may enable !m1 9 a great measure1 to tea* !mselves h[ to practise x4 ,advice is also giv5 on ! selection & pur*ase ( col\rs1 in/rum5ts1 c41 & a progressive set ( /udies1 pr9t$ bo? 9 outl9e & 9 ! prop] col\rs1 & gold1 is add$ to furni% models = copy+4 ,incid5tally1 an ef=t has be5 made to correct a few ( ! preval5t popul> errors on ! subject--su*1 = in/ance1 z t e illum9at$ s]vice book is a #8missal1' & s =?--& :i* errors /& sorely 9 ! way ( ! beg9n]'s "r compreh5sion ( ! subject4 ,all ! examples select$ h be5 tak5 f und\bt$ au?orities1 & w be recogniz$ by p]sons acqua9t$ ) m$ival books4 ,illu/ration ,"p ,i4 ,9 a "w ( a m]ely practical "* any?+ l a critical or hi/orical diss]tation on ! art ( illum9ation w\ld ( c\rse be out ( place4 ,! gr[+ or r reviv+ ta/e 9 ?is & neighb\r+ c\ntries :i* has dur+ ! la/ tw5ty or ?irty ye>s br\ght to light su* va/ treasures ( m$ival art1 :i* _h la9 = ?ree c5turies buri$ "u a heap ( pseudo-classical rubbi%1 has elicit$ among/ its mo/ pleas+ features a ho/ ( works on illum9ation :i*1 )\t exhau/+ a subject :i* is inexhau/ible1 h at lea/ contribut$ l>gely to place ?is beautiful art on its prop] p$e/al1 & inve/igate & develope ! rules by :i* x is gov]n$4 ,^! works are ( c\rse ( diff]5t pret5sions & v>y+ beauty1 ?\gh ( ! majority x may fairly be alleg$ t !y are magnific5t & brilliant specim5s ( typography1 & t ! rese>* & ability display$ 9 _! cont5ts are fully equal to ! beauty ( _! illu/rations4 ,f su* works ! hi/ory ( ! rise & progress1 ! culm9ation & decad5ce ( ! art may be easily trac$1 & a cat5a ( *>act]i/ics con/ruct$4 ,! pr9cipal defect exhibit$ by almo/ all ^! works is t _! 7necess>ily7 l>ge price places !m out ( ! rea* ( all b ! weal?y1 & x may be add$ t ev5 :5 access c be obta9$ to !m !y are f\nd to conta9 no practical directions = cultivat+ & practis+ ! art ( :i* !y treat4 ,x is ! object ( ?is little "w to supply ?is defici5cy1 to place )9 e "o's rea* j ! sort ( in=mation & in/ruction :i* a ma/] might be suppos$ to give 8 pupil1 & to enable p]sons ) a ta/e = illum9at+ to answ] = !mselves ! univ]sally-ask$ "q1 8,h[ am ,i to set ab\t x80 ,:at illum9ation really is1 or r :at is & :at is n illum9ation1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 x is n s easy to def9e z might be suppos$4 ,def9e x z ornam5tal lett] writ+2 b e ornam5tal lett] is n necess>ily an illum9at$ "o--witness our %op fronts = in/ance4 ,illum9ation is ext5d+1 x is true1 to !m1 & has be5 employ$ 9 "s in/ances ) m>k$ success3 b a m]e tyro c select two specim5s1 & say )\t a mom5t's hesitation :i* is & :i* is n illum9ation1 & yet x w\ld puzzle an exp]i5c$ illum9ator to def9e logically ! diff]5ce4 ,x is n h[ev] s mat]ial to hunt = def9itions1 z by acqua9tance & exp]i5ce to acquire su* a g5]al k ( its lead+ *>act]i/ics z w enable ! m9d to arrive at t by in/9ct1 :i* x is difficult to d by def9ition4 ,= mo/ purposes x may p]haps suffice to def9e x z a peculi> sy/em ( ornam5t+ manuscript or lett]press1 :i* leaves ! body ( ! matt] intact1 or only fills up ! hiatus at ! ends ( p>agraphs1 be/[s on ! initial lett] or lett]s an ornam5tation m or less elaborate & pr(use1 ext5ds t ornam5tation along ! top & d[n ! left side ( ! matt]1 or /ill fur!r ext5d+1 envelopes ! :ole 9 a sort ( framework ( col\r1 gild+1 c4 ,?is description w d = addresses1 *>t]s1 scroll "w & ! l1 z well z = :at h ev] af=d$ ! greate/ scope = illum9ation--books4#a #a ,s+le psalms1 pray]s1 hymns1 pieces ( poetry1 c4 writt5 or pr9t$ ) ! aid ( illum9ation1 are m]ely repres5tations ( leaves out ( books4 ,x has be5 ann\nc$ already t !re is no int5tion ( introduc+ into ?is "w a diss]tation on ! hi/ory ( illum9ation4 ,x is h[ev] ess5tial to ! successful /udy ( ! art1 ev5 9 its mo/ mod]ate =m1 to obta9 "s g5]al notion ( its rise & progress1 & ( ! sort ( works1 & ( :at dates to look into1 = ! be/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic specim5s4 ,9 furni%+ a key to ?is portion ( ! /udy1 we propose to avail ourselves1 by way ( illu/ration1 ( specim5s1 accessible to all )\t *>ge1 namely1 ^? display$ 9 ! glass cases ( ! k+'s libr>y1 & adjo9+ manuscript saloon at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,:]e1 :51 & h[ ! idea ( ornam5t+ writ+s fir/ sprung into exi/5ce1 is z immat]ial z x is difficult to discov]4 ,x is ! fa%ion to ascribe its orig91 9 common ) t ( _m o!r arts & sci5ces1 to ! ,ea/2 & inde$1 ! pres5ce at ! ,museum ( sev]al beautiful specim5s ( ori5tal illum9at$ ,,mss4 w\ld appe> to d5ote a v high condition ( ! art 9 ,p]sia & ,h9do/an at an e>ly date2 b 9 reality x is n improbable t ! art 0 spr++ into exi/5ce simultane\sly1 or ne>ly s1 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! _w at once4 ,! /yles ( ! ori5tal illum9ation already allud$ to1 ( ! anci5t ,byzant9e1 ( ! e>ly ,roman1 & ! ,hib]nian1 are fundam5tally dissimil>1 & probably came into exi/5ce indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r4 ,x is f ! la/-nam$ c\ntry--,irel&--!n f> 9 advance ( all neighb\r+ l&s 9 civilization & le>n+1 t x seems mo/ probable ,engl& fir/ receiv$ ! art4 ,hi/ory in=ms u ( :at 0 done = ! !n inhabitants ( ?is c\ntry by mission>y monks f ! isl& ( ,/4 ,patrick1 & !re c be no d\bt !y w\ld br+ _! s]vice books1 or at lea/ ! art ( writ+ !m1 along ) !m1 & s spread ! k ( _! art side by side ) t ( _! religion2 & x is rem>kable t "o ( ! e>lie/1 if n ! e>lie/ specim5s ( ! art ( illum9ation extant 9 ?is c\ntry1 is a copy ( ! ,gospels made = ,macbrid ,mac ,d]nan1 9 7z is suppos$7 ! ye> #hhe1 & n[ to be f\nd 9 ! libr>y at ,lambe? ,palace4 ,! /yle ( ?is v e>ly age ( ! art is qua9t b highly *>act]i/ic4 ,x %>es ) ! ,byzant9e a sev]ity & simplicity ( outl9e1 & an intricacy ( int]lac+ 9 ! details1 :i* are v /rik+--"o specim5 9 our fir/ page ( examples1 x may be add$1 is tak5 f ?is curi\s "w4 ,once 9 ,engl& ! ,hib]nian elem5t w\ld naturally meet1 m+le )1 & f9ally be absorb$ 9 ! ev]-progress+ & improv+ tide ( ta/e sett+ 9 f ! ,cont95t1 or spontane\sly spr++ out ( ! v>y+ developm5ts ( art & sci5ce 9 ,engl& itself4 ,we are n !re=e surpris$ to f9d--& ?is mu/ ev] be borne 9 m9d--t ! sci5ce ( ar*itecture & ! si/] arts ( illum9at+1 metal work+1 wood c>v+1 embroid]y1 & p]haps we may add fresco pa9t+1 pass$ on h& 9 h& ?r\gh a ne>ly p>allel c\rse ( developm5t ?r\gh ! middle ages1 all culm9at+ toge!r1 z f> z *a/5ess ( design & elegance ( execution 7 conc]n$1 9 ! #ac? & #ad? c5turies1 & z f> z pr(us5ess & ri*ness ( ornam5tation 7 conc]n$1 9 ! #ae?2 & all toge!r s9k+ out ( sight dur+ ! ,re=mation4 ,& ! reason :y1 9 obta9+ a g5]al view ( ! progress ( "o--z illum9ation--x is wise to keep ! o!rs 9 m9d1 is1 t ea* s]ves1 & especially ar*itecture z a sort ( memoria te*nica to ! re/4 ,?us :il/ ! sev]e /raight l9es & semicircles ( ! ,norman s*ool prevail1 a correspond+ simplicity ( outl9e *>act]izes ! illum9ations ( ! p]iod2 ! same grotesque liz>d-%ap$ mon/]s1 :i* tw9e !mselves r\nd ! capitals ( ! columns =m ! compon5ts or t]m9als ( ! initials 9 ! s]vice books2 & ev5 a resemblance may be trac$ betwe51 at lea/1 "o k9d ( bead+ & ! ext]ior ornam5tation ( ! writ+4 ,:5 ! graceful & luxuriant curves ( foliage beg9 to /eal into ! pages ( ! ,,ms4 !y are to be f\nd also =m+ ! capital ( ! column1 ?\gh "h x mu/ be confess$ ! =m] some:at outruns ! latt]--a /yle ( illum9ation g5]ally kn[n z ! opus ,anglicum1 & claim$ z ! peculi> inv5tion ( ?is c\ntry1 hav+ be5 9 use m ?an a c5tury be=e ! foliage1 :i* is "o ( its *>act]i/ics1 appe>s 9 ! capital4 ,fur!r on1 :5 fl[]s are add$ to foliage 9 ! "o1 !y appe> 9 ! o!r2 :5 ! angul> pr9ciple is introduc$ into ar*itecture1 x %ews itself 9 illum9ation2 & :5 outl9e is 9 ! "o almo/ buri$ "u prodigal elaboration ( detail1 ! o!r seems to h all ! ri*es1 animal z well z vegetable1 ( ! p>k & ! fl[] g>d51 p\r$ ov] its pages to smo!r ! text4 ,illu/ration ,! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ! diff]5t pr9ciples ( illum9ation1 z develop$ dur+ an inve/igation into specim5s1 ( ! *anges successively introduc$ z above1 w be f\nd to be-- #a/4--,! compon5t p>ts ( ! initial itself are made ! subject ( ornam5tation2 sometimes by ! contortion ( a dragon or "s o!r pliable animal into a grotesque p>ody ( ! %ape ( ! lett]2 sometimes by =m+ x ( a comb9ation ( geometric figures1 result+ f an endless cross+ ( l9es1 ! :ole t]m9at+ 9 heads or o!r p>ts ( ! same sort ( creatures2 sometimes by ! introduction ( foliage 9 a m or less integral mann]4 #bnd4--,! ornam5tation ooz+ ov] z x 7 beyond ! limits ( ! lett] itself1 ext5ds 9 a /raggl+ mann] upw>ds & d[nw>ds1 or d[nw>ds & along1 =m+ a p>tial fr+e to ! corn] or m>g9 ( ! page4 #crd4--,! initial rega9s its simplicity ( outl9e1 b is laid ^u a c>t\*e ( ornam5tal "w or ( diap] "w1 ! species ( ornam5tation m5tion$ 9 ,no4 #b be+ ne>ly deta*$ f ! lett]1 & =m+ a k9d ( canopy--or1 z x is cu/om>y to call x #8bracket'--ov] x4 #d?4--,! bracket is ext5d$ all r\nd ! page1 & becomes an illum9at$ bord]4 ,illu/rations1 su* z sc5es1 portraits1 c4 are introduc$ )94 ,! initial dw9dles1 z does ! space = ! text1 :i* frequ5tly occupies b a t9y islet1 9 ! mid/ ( a sea ( ri* decoration4 ,illu/ration ,! :ole ( ^! resolve !mselves into two lead+ pr9ciples3 ! "o :]e ! initial itself is ! illum9ation1 & its outl9e & compon5t p>ts are ! subject ( treatm5t4 ,! o!r1 :]e ! initial rema9s 9 its simplicity ( outl9e1 & ! ornam5tation is be/[$ on :at surr\nds x1 or on t on :i* x is impos$4 ,our li/ ( examples f ! ,briti% ,museum w be f\nd to conta9 specim5s ( ne>ly all ! diff]5t /yles we h allud$ to1 & to display mo/ ( ! lead+ *>act]i/ics4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to add1 t !re are va/ treasures ( ?is art ly+ at ! same place1 & to be got at ) a little tr\ble1 & f ^! x w\ld h be5 easy en\gh to h select$ "s m fav\rable specim5s ( "s ( ! /yles2 & x is to be hop$ t a l>g] proportion ( ^! treasures1 ?an ! some:at meagre all[ance at pres5t plac$ )9 ! rea* ( ! g5]al public may "s day be made g5]ally accessible4 ,9 ?is "w1 = ! reason already /at$1 no?+ has be5 includ$ :i* is n op5 to all ! _w to inspect4 ,x %\ld fur!r be prefac$ t ! ,italian specim5s h be5 plac$ by !mselves1 p>tly because ! majority ( !m belong to a diff]5t s*ool1 9 :i* ! classical elem5t naturally introduces itself to a great] or less ext5t1 & p>tly because !y well des]ve a di/9ct exam9ation1 be+ 9 g5]al f> m ri*ly execut$ ?an ! o!rs1 7& !y belong besides all to "o p]iod1 ! latt] half ( ! #ae? & ! v beg9n+ ( ! #af? c5tury47 ,no di/9ction has be5 made betwe5 ,,ms4 & pr9t$ works 9 ! selection1 because ! l>ge majority ( ! illum9ations 9 ! latt]--am\nt+ 9 our selection to all b "o--are done by h&1 & are !re=e q z useful by way ( /udy z if !y appe>$ on ! mo/ und\bt$ vellum ,,ms4 t _h ev] borne ! scrut9y ( all ! ar*ologi/s4 ,sep>ate m5tion also is made ( ! ,ori5tal illum9ations4 ,x is p]haps h>dly necess>y to add t ne>ly all ! specim5s w be f\nd to h be5 tak5 f books1 = ! simple reason t by f> ! l>g] proportion ( all m$ival illum9ation 0 be/[$ ^u !m3 ( ^! x is n surpris+ to f9d ,ecclesia/ical works com+ 9 = ! l>ge/ %>e ( att5tion4 ,! s]vice books 9 use 9 m$ival days1#b 9 *ur*es & ca!drals1 7 num]\s2 & be+1 z to a l>ge "p ( _! cont5ts1 accompani$ by ! old musical notation1 execut$ 9 a l>ge bold type1 7 necess>ily ( consid]able size2 inde$1 z a g5]al rule1 ab\t t ( our mod]n music pap]1 t is1 r l>g] ?an ! pray] books g5]ally 9 use 9 our ca!drals 9 ^! days4 ,( ^! s]vice books "s ( ! pr9cipal 7--! ,missal or ,mass book1 ! ,lection>y1 :i* conta9$ ! lessons = ea* day1 ! ,psalt]1 ! ,hymn>ium or book ( hymns1 ! ,antiphon>ium or an!m book3 ^! 7 9 con/ant daily use1 & !re 7 besides a numb] ( o!r books conta9+ (fices1 b5$ictions1 c4 = special occasions4 ,! book ( private devotion1 9 use among ! laity1 0 call$ ! book ( ,h\rs1 z x conta9$ pray]s1 psalms1 c4 = all ! canonical h\rs dur+ ! day2 & = ! cl]gy & religi\s1 !re 0 ! ,brevi>y z well4 ,! above li/ w convey b a meagre notion ( ! numb] & v>iety ( ! books 9 use 9 ! middle ages1 9 connexion ) ! s]vice ( ! *ur*4 ,x may be add$1 by ! way1 t ! libr>ies ( ca!drals1 mona/]ies1 & religi\s h\ses 7 well furni%$ ) copies ( ! ,gospels1 & ( ! o!r books compos+ ! sacr$ volume2 ( :i*1 occasionally1 also copies f\nd _! way into ! comp>atively small collections ( great m54 ,f ! above sket*1 h[ev]1 x may be ga!r$1 :at a field 0 af=d$1 by ?is v>iety ( books1 = ! ex]cise ( ! art "u consid]ation4 ,! l>ge vellum %eets on :i* ! v>i\s (fices 7 to be inscrib$ mu/ h be5 a s\rce ( almo/ revelry to ! imag9ations ( su* memb]s ( ! mona/ic in/itution1 always 9 ^? days atta*$ to a ca!dral1 z 7 ! =tunate possessors ( arti/ic ta/e2 & x is probable t1 to ! mona/ic body1 ! "w ( illum9ation 0 always g5]ally1 & ?r\gh all ! e>li] c5turies exclusively1 confid$4 ,x 0 n until x began to assume a place z a recogniz$ art1 9 all probability1 t regul> pr(essors & practis]s ( x sprung up outside ! walls ( ! mona/]y2#c b h[ev] & by :omsoev] practis$1 !re 0 always pl5ty to be done--besides ! regul> bus9ess ( replac+1 p]petuat+1 & increas+ ! cont5ts ( ! ca!dral or mona/ic libr>y--!re 7 always great & weal?y m51 desir\s ( possess+ = !mselves1 or ( pres5t+ to _! fri5ds or patrons1 su* books z a copy ( ! ,gospels1 or1 m g5]ally1 a book ( ,h\rs2 & ! ri*ness & magnific5ce ( ! "w execut$1 w\ld be> a sort ( exact proportion to ! lib]ality ( ! cu/om]1 or ! greatness ( ! de/9$ own]4 ,x 0 9 ?is way t su* spl5did works came into exi/5ce1 z ! ,gospels made = ,macbrid ,mac ,d]nan1 already m5tion$2 ! ,lection>y pres5t$ by ,"l ,lovell to ! *ur* ( ,salisbury2 ! celebrat$ ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany1 g5]ally und]/ood to h be5 pres5t$ to h] by ,l\is ,,xii2 ^? ( ,s4 ,l\is1 ( ,h5ry ,,vii41 ( ! ,duke ( ,anj\1 ( ,que5 ,m>y2 ! great ,h\rs ( ! ,duke ( ,b]ri2 ! gold5 ,gospels2 ! ,bibles writt5 = ,*>lemagne1 = ,*>les ! ,bald2 & a ho/ ( o!r magnific5t works :i*1 at ?is day1 supply ^? specim5s ( ! art :i* mod]n illum9ators take = _! models1 & occupy1 9 relation to x1 ! same place z ! old ma/]s' pictures to pa9t+1 & ! temples ( ,greece & ,rome1 & ! ca!drals ( ,engl& & ,france1 to ar*itecture4 #b ,see ,app5dix4 #c ,!re is good gr\nd = suppos+ t1 9 ,w9*e/]1 dur+ ! #aa? c5tury1 !re 0 a regul> s*ool = ! art4 ,b ! art ( illum9ation1 ?\gh pr9cipally employ$ on works connect$ ) ! s]vices ( ! *ur*1 or ) private devotion1 0 f> f be+ exclusively s occupi$4 ,*ronicles & hi/ories1 & descriptions & travels1 z well z poems & o!r compositions1 & ! classics1 all receiv$ m or less ornam5tation1 accord+ to ! same rule ( proportion already laid d[n = s]vice books1 & books ( h\rs4 ,d$ications 7 common2 & :at we %\ld n[ call a pres5tation copy1 0 frequ5tly adorn$ ) magnific5t illu/ration1 9 hon\r ( ! great man "u ^: auspices ! "w issu$1 & ( :om x 0 n unusual to introduce a portrait into ! title or fir/ page1 repres5t+ him #8z he appe>$' receiv+ ! pres5tation copy f ! au?or4 ,( ?is k9d are ! ,recollation ( ! ,*ronicles ( ,engl& writt5 = ,edw>d ! ,,iv41 #adfj2 ,capgrave's ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis1 d$icat$ to ,humphrey ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 #adch2 ,old ,m&eville's ,wond]s ( ! ,_w1 #ad? c5tury2 ,lydgate's poem1 or r translation ( ! ,pel]9age de l',homme1 d$icat$ to ! great ,e>l ( ,w>wick1 #adcj2 & _m o!rs4 ,( ! classics _m beautiful editions h come d[n to u1 bo? 9 ,,ms4 & pr9t$1 illum9at$ ) exquisite ta/e--! classic elem5t be+ v naturally introduc$ m lib]ally "h ?an into ! books ( religion1 or ev5 ( local int]e/4 ,! #ae? c5tury is ri* 9 su* works2 & ,italy1 z might be suppos$1 produces ! be/4 ,! ,k+'s ,libr>y1 at ! ,briti% ,museum1 displays m1 9 proportion1 ( ^! specim5s ( ! art ?an ( any o!r2 & _m ( !m w repay c>eful /udy = ! sake ( _! extreme *a/5ess1 ! excell5ce ( _! ta/e1 & ! compreh5siv5ess ( _! g5]al arrangem5t4 ,x may be readily conjectur$ t books ?us produc$ 7 exce$+ly valuable2 inde$1 e "o is aw>e :at a s]i\s & palpable effect ! price ( books1 be=e ! introduction & developm5t ( ! art ( pr9t+1 ex]cis$ on ! spread ( lit]ature2 & ?\gh x 0 n e copy ( e "w t 0 made ! subject ( ^? brilliant appliances ( r$1 & blue1 & gold1 :i* glitt] on ! leaves op5 b5ea? ! glass cases at ! ,museum1 yet ev5 ord9>y & less pret5ti\s works receiv$ "s sort ( simple ornam5tation1 pr9cipally 9 ! %ape ( giv+ ! initial lett]s ( *apt]s or p>agraphs 9 col\r1 fill+ up ! vacant spaces at ! end ( ei!r ) a simple outl9e fl\ri%1 some:at resembl+ ! e>li] ,greek bord]s1 introduc+ r$ l9es betwe5 ! writt5 ones1 & 9 g5]al--to use a v famili> phrase--#8sm>t5+ up' ! appe>ance ( ! "w4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! arti/ & ! skill$ workman 7 call$ 9 to ex]t _! en]gies1 & ex]cise _! +5uity on ! m magnific5t1 bo? ( c\rse _h to be remun]at$1 9 proportion to ! prom95ce ( _! "p 9 ! production ( ! "w1 & ! value ( _! lab\r naturally ent]$ l>gely z an almo/ pr9cipal item into ! heavy prices paid = su* books3 x may be add$1 h[ev]1 t ! co/ ( b9d+ =m$ g5]ally an almo/ equally extravagant item 9 ! calculation1 to und]/& :i*1 x w m]ely be necess>y to look into "o or two ( ! cases1 9 ! rooms we h ref]r$ to1 specially devot$ to specim5s ( magnific5t b9d+4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ! value ( illum9at$ books ne$ be no long] a wond]4 ,we select1 h[ev]1 "o in/ance by way ( clos+ ?is digression4 ,! same ,duke ,humphrey1 ( :om m5tion has already be5 made1 pres5t$ 9 ! ye> #addj1 to ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 a collection ( "s #fjj volumes1 among :i* !re 7 #abj :i* 7 valu$ alone at #a1jjjl41 betwe5 #a1hjjl4 & #a1ijjl4 ( our pres5t money4#d ,!y 7 ! mo/ spl5did & co/ly copies t c\ld be procur$1 f9ely writt5 on vellum1 & elegantly embelli%$ ) m9iatures & illum9ations4 ,! n>rator feel+ly deplores1 by ! way1 ! utt] de/ruction or removal ( all ?is magnific5t donation1 ) ! s+le exception ( a copy ( a ,val]ius ,maximus1 by ! pi\s visitors ( ! ,univ]sity1 9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi41 ^: zeal 0 only equall$ by _! ignorance1 or p]haps by _! av>ice2 because ^! books1 be+ highly ornam5t$1 look$ l missals4 ,x w be sc>cely necess>y to rem9d ! read] t ! treasures ( ! art ( illum9ation 9 ?is c\ntry suff]$--besides ! we$+ out ( ! ,re=mation--a second gr& onslaught 9 ! succe$+ c5tury1 :5 ! troop]s ( ! ,commonweal? tore up & scatt]$ to ! w9ds ! beautiful cont5ts ( _m a nobleman's & private g5tleman's libr>y1 f ! precisely simil> reason t !y 7 full ( popi% pictures4 ,! fir/ raid 0 on ! ecclesia/ical1 ! second on ! lay libr>ies2 & t s _m treasures ( art escap$1 is probably ow+ to ! circum/ance1 t ! m intellig5t & provid5t1 bo? ( *ur*m5 & laym5--& let x be add$ ^? among/ bo? :o appreciat$ _! books z highly1 or m s1 ?an _! plate--conceal$ !m 9 cell>s & out ( ! way places1 be=e ! /orm fell on !m4 ,on ! :ole1 x w\ld seem z ?\gh ,engl& has suff]$ 9 ?is matt] m ?an any o!r c\ntry1 f ! indiscrim9at+ fury ( bigott$ fanatics4 #d ,( ! collection ( ! ,duc de ,b]ri we read t "s ( ! ,bibles co/ #cjj livres1 a ,cit de ,dieu #bjj1 a ,livy #ce1 & s =?4 ,ano!r class ( subjects ( ! art to :i* allusion has already be5 made1 consi/s ( (ficial docum5ts1 su* z *>t]s1 grants1 diplomas1 c41 ! dignity ( :i* x appe>s to h be5 n unusual to enhance by ! aid ( ornam5tation4 ,z f> z c be ga!r$1 h[ev]1 ! cu/om seems to h obta9$ m 9 ,italy ?an 9 ?is c\ntry2 & x is only m5tion$ "h1 p>tly z exhibit+ a di/9ct dep>tm5t ( ! art1 & p>tly because "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ specim5s1 to :i* ref]5ce w be made1 is a grant by a ,duke ( ,milan to 8 wife1 ( l&s 9 ! t]ritories ( ,nov>a ,pavia & ,milan1 7#adid17 & :i* = beauty ( conception1 excell5ce ( execution1 & above all *a/5ess ( tone1 has n its equal among all ! specim5s adduc$4 ,su* a grant is a sort ( c\nt]p>t to our m>riage settlem5t2 b ?is may be ! be/ place to w>n beg9n]s n to conf\nd law engross+ ) illum9ation4 ,! =m] is--or 01 & might aga9 become--a beautiful art ( itself2 "s magnific5t specim5s ( x exi/--! *>t] ( ! law society = "o--b ! arts are di/9ct & ! *>act]s diff]5t4 ,! only "w 9 :i* ! two frequ5tly meet 9 ^! days1 & pres5t 9 t comb9ation a v fair reproduction1 by ! way1 ( ^! v *>t]s & diplomas ( :i* we are n[ treat+1 is ! engrossm5t ( ^? s+ul>ly word$ docum5ts 9 :i* a public body is wont to in=m an exalt$ p]sonage1 t !y 8beg to approa* h] ) ! pr(\nde/1 c41 c41 c410 9 %ort1 ( an address4 ,!re yet rema9s to m5tion ano!r dep>tm5t ( ! art1 :i* dur+ ! la/ few ye>s has become a v fav\rite & some:at popul> vehicle = its revival & developm5t4 ,?is is :at is g5]ally kn[n z 8scroll "w10 "u :i* head1 ?\gh ! title is /rictly applicable to b "o sort1 x is propos$ to include1 = conv5i5ce' sake1 all sorts ( writ+ on1 or atta*$ to walls4 ,! gr[? ( ?is dep>tm5t ( ! art may be easily trac$ 9 connexion ) ! gr[? ( intellig5ce & le>n+ g5]ally4 ,9 days :5 few besides ecclesia/ics c\ld read1 x 0 a v obvi\s mode ( in/ruction--ak9 to :at goes on n[ 9 ! nurs]y & ! infant s*ool--to cov] int]ior walls1 & especially ^? ( *ur*es1 ) pictures1 illu/rat+1 ei!r by actual hi/orical ev5ts or 9 allegory1 ^? moral & religi\s lessons :i* x 0 desir$ to inculcate2 & _m su* fresco pa9t+s1 z !y are curi\sly en\gh call$1 h rec5tly come to light f "u ! coats ( :itewa% ) :i* mod]n economy _h c>efully cov]$ !m up--& ?\gh ?is me?od ( in/ruction1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( wall pa9t+1 nev] q di$ out1 & has be5 ! subject ( a noble resuscitation 9 ^! days1 yet x 0 aga9 obvi\sly natural t1 z p m g5]ally acquir$ ! p[] ( read+1 & z1 simultane\sly1 a feel+ aga9/ any sort ( figures inside *ur*es--always except ! lion & unicorn ( ! ,c>ol9e days--sprung up1 ^? lessons :i* _h hi!rto be5 pictorially %\ld n[ be directly inculcat$2 9 %ort1 t ! picture book %\ld be laid aside = ! gramm>4 ,!re came to help a canon1 ord]+ ! sett+ up ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ,cre$1 & ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 & ?us by degrees texts ( scripture came to appe> along ! /r+ c\rses1 foll[+ ! spr+ ( ! ar*es1 or adorn+ ! side walls1 c4 ,mod]n ar*itects h avail$ !mselves l>gely ( ?is cu/om2 & 9 _m mod]n *ur*es1 n only are texts introduc$ z features 9 ! ar*itecture1 b also 9 qua9tly-devis$ scrolls along ! walls1 :il/ ! ,cre$1 c4 h be5 made ! vehicle ( elaborate ornam5tation at ! ea/ end4 ,t mo/ ( ^! in/ructive adornm5ts ( ! walls ( *ur*es1 s*ools1 c4 are pa9t$ on ! wall itself1 & s 9 a mann] are tak5 out ( ! category ( ! art :i* is ! peculi> subject ( ?is "w1 by no means deprives !m ( a place 9 x altoge!r1 = !y are all z truly specim5s & products ( ! art z :at is execut$ on vellum or c>dbo>d1 only be>+ to ! latt] ab\t ! same relation z fresco pa9t+ does to ! canvas picture4 ,at ,*ri/mas "t p>ticul>ly1 z well z on "s o!r fe/ive occasions1 x is n unusual to see an almo/ indef9ite multiplication ( ?is scroll "w execut$ on pap] or c>dbo>d1 & sometimes 9 embroid]y1 affix$ tempor>ily to ! walls4 ,( ^! tempor>y decorations1 :i* g5]ally exhibit /rong int]nal evid5ce ( _! be+ ! "w ( beg9n]s1 x w\ld be illnatur$ to say m ?an t !y are specim5s r ( he>ty zeal ?an ( good ta/e1 & t a rudim5t>y acqua9tance1 ev51 ) m$ival examples1 might h sav$ !m f inflict+ pa9 on critical eyes1 :il/ !y w\ld h be5 equally ! admiration ( ! un9itiat$4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is dep>tm5t ( ! art1 & "o n unwor?y ( imitation1 is to be f\nd m5tion$ 9 ! #8,exp5ses ( ,l\is ,,xi1' 9 :i* a sum is ent]$ z paid to "o #8,b\rdi*on1 pa9t] & illum9ator1' = hav+ execut$ 9 #8,azure fifty l>ge scrolls1' :i* ! k+ _h caus$ to be set up 9 sev]al places 9 ,plessis du ,p>c1 & on :i* 0 writt51 ,mis]icordias ,dom9i 9 t]num ,cantabo1 7,i w s+ ! m]cies ( ! ,"l = ev]27 & #8= hav+ pa9t$ & p\rtray$ 9 gold & ,azure1--& o!r col\rs1 ?ree angels1 ?ree feet high or !reab\ts1 ea* ( :i* holds "o ( ^! scrolls 9 8 h&1 & appe>s to be writ+ ! a=esaid ,mis]icordia4' ,?is "p ( ! subject mu/ n be entirely ab&on$ )\t a pass+ m5tion ( :at may1 at fir/ sight1 appe> h>dly to =m a legitimate dep>tm5t ( ! art1 b :i* ev5 a cursory exam9ation ( m$ival illum9at$ "w w %ew to h =m$ an integral & prom95t feature 9 x1 & to be !re=e fairly reckon$ z a di/9ct section ( x4 ,?is is ! ,monogram#e--! mo/ anci5t ( all ornam5tation us$ 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,= on ! walls ( ^? catacombs1 into :i* ! p]secut$ ,*ri/ians ( ! e>li] c5turies ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory at ,rome desc5d$ to celebrate _! devotions & bury _! dead1 & ! long unkn[n treasures ( :i* are /ill be+ br\ght to light1 ! same or ne>ly ! same sacr$ monogram is frequ5tly to be met )1 z appe>s curi\sly twi/$ into ! brilliant initiatory pages ( ! e>li] illum9at$ books1 & a poor imitation ( :i* is /ill to be se5 adorn+ ! front ( _m a r$ velvet alt> clo? 9 our ,engli% *ur*es at ?is day4 ,! use ( ! monogram1 h[ev]1 0 f> m ext5d$ ?an ?is4 ,9 m$ival times1 almo/ e pr9ce & great man _h ! initial lett]s ( 8 "n wov5 into a monogram or device1 :i* appe>$ 9 8 books1 on 8 h\s+s1 on ! badges ( 8 dome/ics1 9 ! ar*itecture ( 8 palace--ev]y:]e1 9 %ort1 :]e x c\ld =m a feature ( ornam5t4 ,lat] on1 ! e>ly pr9t]s ea* adopt$ "o1 & ! practice has be5 ?us gradually h&$ d[n to our days1 :5 ! use ( !m is becom+ almo/ univ]sal4 ,x is a pretty & +5i\s dep>tm5t ( ! art1 b requires "s /udy ( good models 9 ord] to arrive at its pr9ciples1 & prev5t qua9tness f deg5]at+ into clums9ess or absurdity4 #e ,see example ,no4 #a4 ,9 furni%+ ! beg9n] ) "s clue to ! be/ /yles = /udy1 !re is consid]able difficulty1 aris+ f l'emb>ras des ri*esses4 ,"o ( ! be/ mod]n au?orities on ! art enum]ates no less ?an n9e successive /yles1 exclusive ( ! ,italian1 all ( :i*1 ) a s+le exception1 pres5t di/9ct features ( beauty2 & ! l>g] "w1 by ! same au?or1 pres5ts ?ree times t numb] ( specim5s4 ,f su* a mass ( mat]ials z ?is1 elim9ation is n easy4 ,nev]!less1 = all ! purposes ( ?is elem5t>y "w1 x ne$ only be necess>y to enum]ate f\r lead+ /yles = /udy1 leav+ = any future & m advanc$ "w ! fill+ up ( ! int]/ices betwe5 ^! f\r1 & ! m exp&$ description ( all4 ,! ,fir/ may be ref]r$ to ! e>lie/ c5turies ( ! introduction ( ! art into ?is c\ntry1 p]haps f ! #f? to ! #i?2 its lead+ *>act]i/ics1 :i* are r di/+ui%$ by qua9tness ?an beauty1 h be5 well describ$ z #8an arti/ic & +5i\s disposition ( int]wov5 ?reads1 b&s1 or ribbons1 ( v>i\s col\rs1 ^u black or col\r$ gr\nds1 v>i$ by ! introduction ( extremely att5uat$ liz>d-l reptiles1 birds1 & o!r animals1 simil>ly treat$4#f ,! initials are frequ5tly ( enorm\s size1 & extreme intricacy4' ,a frequ5t peculi>ity is ! practice ( surr\nd+ all ext]nal outl9es ) r[s ( m9ute r$ dots4 ,! ,second belongs to ! #aj? & #aa? c5turies1 & has be5 already allud$ to z ! opus ,anglicum4 ,! g5]al *>act]i/ics are1 a bord] to ! :ole text1 con/ruct$ ( p>allel /ripes1 or b>s ( gold1 betwe5 & ar\nd :i* a /yle ( foliage1 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! solidity ( ! framework1 int]tw9es itself 9 a graceful & q peculi> mann]4#g ,! ,?ird may be ref]r$ g5]ally to ! #ad? c5tury1 :51 z has be5 be=e rem>k$1 ! art rea*$ its culm9at+ po9t1 z f> z *a/5ess ( design & elegance ( execution 7 conc]n$4 ,! p]iod has be5 well d5om9at$ #8a great arti/ic era1 :5 ! ar*itecture1 ! pa9t+1 ! goldsmi?'s "w1 ! elaborate productions 9 enamel1 & ! illum9ator's art1 7 all 9 beautiful h>mony1 be+ ea* f\nd$ on simil> pr9ciples ( design & composition4' ,x is n easy to lay d[n any b a few lead+ *>act]i/ics1 z ! specim5s are z v>i$ 9 con/ruction z !y are 9 ! /yle ( _! beauty4 ,"o lead+ feature h[ev] is1 ! pr(use use ( :at are te*nically call$ #8ivy leaves1' z an accessory to bord]s & initials1 & :i*1 ta/efully h&l$1 produce v mu* ! effect ( filagree "w2#h m9iatures & m9iature sc5es1 coats ( arms1 c41 are introduc$ at ! corn]s ( ! page1 & at prop] int]vals along ! frame bord]2 t9y birds ( gay plumage are p]*$ "h & !re among ! foliage2 & ! conv5tional acan?us beg9s to be associat$ ) natural fl[]s1 c41 lead+ ! way to-- #f ,see ,example ,no4 #a4 #g ,see ,example ,no4 #d4 #h ,see fragm5t ( ,lection>y 7,salisbury7 ,briti% ,museum1 p4 #bg4 ,! ,f\r? /yle1 or t 9 :i* ri*ness & pr(us5ess ( decoration rea*$ _! culm9at+ po9t4 ,! end ( ! #ae? & beg9n+ ( ! #af? c5turies may claim ?is /yle ( :i*--?\gh z ( ! la/1 x may be truly said ! v>ieties are c\ntless--! lead+ *>act]i/ic is ! solid bord]2 by :i* is meant t ! foliage1 fl[]s1 birds1 animals1 c41 :i* hi!rto =m$ an op5 bord] ) no backgr\nd1 are n[ z x 7 /rew$ ab\t ^u a c>pet ( gold1 or ( "s good backgr\nd col\r1 ! effect be+ height5$ by ! introduction ( %ad+ to #8?r[ up' ! objects p\rtray$4#i #i ,see ,examples #h & #i4 ,! ,italian /yle ( ! #ae? c5tury to :i* alone ref]5ce w be "h made1 is *>act]is$ m or less by all ! peculi> beauties ( ! ?ird & f\r? /yles j describ$1 b1 z might h be5 expect$1 ) a /rong admixture ( ! classical elem5t bo? 9 outl9e1 foliage & g5]al treatm5t2 9 fact1 x may be describ$ z consi/+ ( ^! two /yles ca/ 9 a classical m\ld4 ,!re is "o species ( illum9ation *iefly applicable to initials1 q unique 9 its exquisite *a/5ess1 = :i* we are indebt$ to ,italy4 ,x consi/s ( int]lac+ bran*es1 q :ite1 laid ^u a p>ti-col\r$ floor1 ! effect be+ t a diff]5t col\r appe>s ?r\gh e adjo9+ int]/ice ( ! bran*es4 ,! backgr\nd is frequ5tly light5$ by be+ /rew$ ov] ) :ite dots4 ,! ,ori5tal /yle ( illum9ation is pr9cipally *>act]is$ by a pr(use use ( filagree "w & gold1 & by ! introduction ( num]\s exquisitely-f9i%$ m9iatures & m9iature pictures1 9 :i* x is n uncommon to f9d ! faces drawn on t9y disks ( ivory1 & atta*$ to ! page 9 situ4 ,( ! "* employ$ 9 execut+ ! text ( an illum9at$ piece ( "w1 x may suffice to po9t out--fir/1 t x %\ld agree *ronologically ) ! /yle ( illum9ation adopt$2 next1 t x %\ld h>monize ) x 9 an arti/ic po9t ( view2 & ?irdly1 t simple /yles ( "* are pref]able4#aj #aj ,delamotte's ,book ( ,ornam5tal ,alphabets w be f\nd an exce$+ly useful guide 9 select+ appropriate "*4 ,illu/ration ,! object ( ?is introductory sket* be+ r to lay d[n g5]al pr9ciples1 leav+ ! /ud5t to "w !m out ?an to foll[ him ?r\gh ! :ole /udy1 = :i*1 inde$1 !re is no space1 x may be z well1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to po9t out ! two lead+ errors into :i* mod]n illum9ators are apt to fall4 ,! "o is a slavi% imitation ( m$ival models2 ! o!r1 ! unre/ra9$ indulg5ce ( ! illum9ator's own fancy4 ,bo? are vici\s1 ?\gh ! latt] f> m s ?an ! =m]--= ! m$ival illum9ators _h real ta/e & arti/ic feel+2 & ! mod]n copyi/1 by 8 slavi% reproduction1 unconsci\sly appropriates to himself :at !y possess$2 :ile ! o!r1 w&]+ ab\t 9 ! uncultivat$ wild]ness ( 8 own ideas1 picks up & piles toge!r a mass ( incongru\s mat]ials--( :i*1 :5 he has complet$ ! extraord9>y jumble1 he _c 9 ! lea/ compreh5d :y ! result is s unsatisfactory4 ,b ! fact is1 illum9ation 7l e o!r art7 has its gramm>1 & t gramm> lies 9 ! m$ival books2 b :5 ! gramm> is ma/]$1 !re is no reason :y mod]n intellig5ce %\ld n be emancipat$ f ! trammels ( ev]y?+ b its fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! con/ruction ( a bord]1 9 ! /yle ( ! celebrat$ ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany1 may be /rictly adh]$ to1 = in/ance2 b ! details & _! treatm5t may be q new4 ,nor because ! figures introduc$ into an ,anglo-,saxon illum9at$ bible are g5]ally dislocat$ ab\t ! hips1 & display a t5d5cy to po/ures ( ! feet1 impossible ev5 to ! mo/ flexible danc]1 is x necess>y to reproduce 9 a mod]n illum9ation ( ! same /yle ! same unnatural di/ortions4 ,& ^! rem>ks lead naturally to ano!r1 namely1 t "s /udy ( ! pr9ciples ( ! h>monies ( outl9e1 ( =m1 & above all ( col\r1 is ess5tial to ! successful /udy ( ! art ( illum9ation4 ,nor w any?+ m mat]ially promote ?is /udy ?an a c>eful consid]ation ( ! h>monies enum]at$1 z !y are exhibit$ 9 nature1 bo? animal & vegetable1 b p>ticul>ly ! latt]1 z some?+ ( a b[] seems ! fundam5tal idea ( all ! bett] /yles ( ! art4 ,all sorts ( creep+ plants1 :e!r 9 ! g>d5 or ! h$g][2 all sorts ( fl[]s1 exotic1 native1 or wild--nay1 fruits & _m vegetables--z p>sley1 notably--may be press$ ) advantage into ! s]vice ( ! art3 :il/ ! graceful =ms & beautiful plumage ( ! bird tribe1 especially ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,tropics2 ! equally brilliant ?\gh m delicate plumage ( butt]flies & mo?s2 ! symmetrical cont\r & ta/eful comb9ations ( col\r 9 _m quadrup$s2 & ev5 ! homeli] insects :i* crawl ab\t our fruit trees1 may be all /udi$ ) advantage4 ,! old illum9ators 7 frequ5tly happy to avail !mselves ( a cat]pill>1 or a lady bird1 to break ! monotony ( a broad1 flat space1 or height5 ! effect ( a leaf1 or balance a too obtrusive col\r 9 an opposite corn]4 ,reptiles1 too1 may contribute mu* t is exce$+ly beautiful1 bo? 9 outl9e & col\r2 & 9 ?is respect aga9 ! ,tropics furni% ! mo/ brilliant specim5s4 ,besides ! book ( nature itself1 !n1 all sorts ( works 7) col\r$ illu/rations7 on ,botany & ,zoology1 may ) advantage be consult$2 nor ne$ ,con*ology be disreg>d$3 "s ( ! m beautiful %ells =m+ admirable subjects ( /udy = ! illum9ator4 ,& :]e books are inaccessible1 !re is at any rate ! dep>tm5t ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 at ! ,briti% ,museum1 op5 to e "o4 ,la/ly1 x w be useful to take e opportunity ( m>k+ h[ o!r arts h treat$ ! same subjects--,ar*itecture & ,metal work+ p>ticul>ly4 ,su* obs]vations w t5d to %ew above all h[ ! pr9ciple & idea ( ! natural may be translat$ into ! conv5tional1 )\t loss ( grace4 ,! c>v+s 9 ! capitals ( "s ( ! e>ly ,engli% columns supply ! be/ in/ances4 ,= ^! la/ purposes ! m$ival c\rts ( ! ,cry/al ,palace may be made excell5t s*ools--z ! ,alhambra c\rt1 = ! /udy ( col\r 9 its ri*e/ comb9ations4 ,! ,k5s+ton ,museum might =m a g5]al s*ool = bo?4 ,we proce$ next to furni% a catalogue ( ^? specim5s at ! ,briti% ,museum :i* are be/ calculat$ to assi/ ! beg9n] 9 8 /udies4 ,illu/ration ,engli% & ,fr5* ,specim5s4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,page ,,9 ,,date4 ,,"n ,,( ,,po9ts ,,to ,,:]e ,,to ,,guide ,,specim54 ,,be ,,not$4 ,,be ,,f\nd4 ,,book4#aa ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #i? c5t4 ,lat9 bible1 ,"* ,,ms4 ,saloon1 #cj 7,,ms47 writt5 on ( initials upright vellum1 display+ ,case 7,a47 accord+ to ! fir/ ! ,vulgate1 pr9ciple z revis$ m5tion$4 by ,alcu94 #ab? c5t4 ,a volume ( ,initial ,d4 a ,lat9 bible lett]s1 ,case ,,ii4 7,b47 #cj 7,,ms47 writt5 = 8,9 ,pr9cipio10 ! mona/]y cov]+ at ,arn/e94 entire page1 & int]lac$4 ,abt4 #acjj ,! ,books ( ,arrangem5t ( ,d4 ! ,maccabees4 illu/rations1 ,nor? table 9 r[s ( ,case1 #d? #bi 7,,ms47 m$allions-- comp>tm5t displays 7,d47 little or no pr9ciple--b is curi\s4 ,end #ad? or ,fragm5t ( a ,?is is a beg9n+ ,lection>y1 brilliant specim51 ( writt5 = ?\gh x has be5 #ae? c5t4 ,"l ,lovell1 maltreat$4 ,obs]ve & pres5t$ ! framework or by him to bord]--! filagree ,d4 ,salisbury4 "w--ivy leaves-- #f? #cj 7,,ms47 m9iature sc5e comp>tm5t illu/rative--coats 7,f47 ( arms introduc$1 c4 #adic4 ,les ,*roniques ,all are well wor? ,k+'s #bj7,,kl47 de ,france4 /udy+1 = ! ,libr>y1 #adic ,h\rs = beauty ( ! bord]s1 ,case ,x4 & ! use ( z well z = #adih4 ! diocese g5]al arrangem5t4 ( ,rome 7,p>is47-- ,pig\*et #adic4 ,l',art et ,a good specim5 ( ,d4 ,sci5ce de ! c\nt]*ang$ ,case ,,vii4 #ac7,,kl47 ,rhetorique bord]4 7,p>is47 #adgj4 ,ju/9us's ,d4 #ai7,,kl47 ,abridgem5t ,case ,x4 ( ,trogus ,bord]s & ,initials4 #adga4 ,fi*et-- ,d4 #ai7,,kl47 ,rhetoricorum ,case ,x4 libri4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,illu/ration #aa ,! ,guide ,book ref]r$ to has ?ree sets ( pag+s3 "o = ! ,k+'s & ,gr5ville ,libr>y1 d5ot$ "h z ,,kl42 "o = ! ,,mss4 ,saloon1 d5ot$ "h z ,,ms42 ! ?ird = ! ,pr9ts & ,draw+s4 ,italian & ,g]man ,specim5s4 ,9 ! ?ree fir/ specim5s select$1 an in/ance w be obs]v$ ( a species ( ornam5tation to :i* ! "n ( #8pott]+' has be5 famili>ly appli$2 x consi/s ( a sort ( fr+e to ! initial & "p ( ! text1 resembl+ 9 arrangem5t ! #8bracket1' & 9 pr9ciple ! fl\ri%es ( a mod]n writ+ ma/]2 b :5 ta/efully appli$1 x is rem>kably effective1 & has ! advantage ( be+ v easy4 ,,page ,,9 ,,date4 ,,"n ,,( ,,po9ts ,,to ,,:]e ,,to ,,guide ,,specim54 ,,be ,,not$4 ,,be ,,f\nd4 ,,book4#ab #adee4 ,! ,maz>9e ,initial1 r$ ,case ,,iii4 #a #g ,bible4 & :ite #adeg4 ,! ,m5tz ,initial & ,d4 #c #h ,psalt]4 bord] #adei4 ,d4 ,d4 ,d4 #d #h 7#bnd edition7 #adfb4 ,bible 9 ,a peculi> ,d4 #e #h ,lat94 & bold k9d ( initial4 #adfi4 ,livy4 ,! :ite ,case ,,vi4 #b #aa bran* on p>ti-col\r$ gr\nd 0 ,cic]o1 ,initial & ,d4 #c #aa ,tusculan bracket ,que/iones4 0 ,cic]o1 ,! :ite ,d4 #aj #aa ,epi/ol bran*1 c4 famili>es4 #adgj4 ,cic]o1 ,bord] & ,d4 #ab #ab ,epi/ol1 initial4 c4 #adhj4 sop's ,bord]4 ,d4 #h #aa ,fables4 #adha4 ,lib] ,bord]4 ,d4 #i #aa ,psalmorum4 #adhb4 ,euclid's ,! :ite ,case ,x4 #e #ai ,geometry4 bran*1 on p>ti-col\r$ backgr\nd4 #adhd4 ,brevi>y ,bord] & ,case ,,ix4 #a #af ( ! initials4 ,camaldolese ,monks4 #aeja4 ,m>tial-- ,bord] & ,case ,x4 #g #ai ,epigrammata4 picture4 #aeac4 ,aulus ,bord]4 ,d4 #ai #bj ,gellius-- ,noctes ,attic4 #aead4 ,plautus-- ,bord]1 c4 ,d4 #bj #bj ,com$ies4 ,specim5 ( a ,grant 7,italian47 #adid4 ,ludovico ,! ornam5tal ,miscellane\s ,,ms4 ,m>ia ,s=za "w :i* ,autographs1 #ai1 #bj4 ,visconti1 occupies ! c4 ,duke ( ,milan1 :ole upp] to 8 wife4 "p ( ?is specim5 is wor?y ( m9ute & c>eful /udy4 ,x is magnific5t4 ,illu/ration #ab ,all ^! specim5s are 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y4 ,ori5tal ,specim5s4 ,,page ,,9 ,,date4 ,,"n ,,( ,,po9ts ,,to ,,:]e ,,to ,,guide ,,specim54 ,,be ,,not$4 ,,be ,,f\nd4 ,,book4,a ,! ,sri ,m9iature ,c5tral ,bhagavat pictures1 table ,case1 ,,ms4 ,purana4 set 9 #a/ #bb bord]s-- comp>tm5t illum9at$ #d framework- gild+4 ,! ,d4 ,d4 #e #bb ,durga-pa?a4 #crd #bc ,a ,bhuddi/ic comp>tm5t "w & #bc & #bd ,h9doo m9iatures4 #acje4 ,a volume ,illum9at$ ,side ,case1 #ca conta9+ bord]s--use ,,iv4 7,d47 ! ,koran4 ( gold4 #af? ,khizr ,khan4 ,m9iature ,c5tral table #bd c5t4 sc5es & ,case1 bord]4 #d? comp>tm5t #cb #ag? ,! ,diwan ,d4 ,d4 #cc #bd c5t4 7,hfiz74 ,!re are also "s beautiful specim5s to be se5 at ! ,museum ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,h\se4 ,illu/ration ,"p ,,ii4 #a ,pap]4-- ,sev]al obvi\s reasons comb9$ 9 m$ival days to make vellum ! almo/ exclusive vehicle = illum9at$ writ+4 ,x 0 ! sub/ance on :i* mo/ manuscript books 7 writt53 x 0 durable1 & x took bo? ink & col\r well4 ,x is /ill l>gely 9 use = ! purposes ( illum9ation1 & may be _h prop]ly prep>$ at almo/ any /ation]'s1 z well z at all arti/s' col\r %ops4 ,any draw+ pap] ) a smoo? surface may also be us$2 b ! be/ sub/ance ( all is ! ord9>y ,bri/ol bo>d1 n too ?ick1 = !re %\ld be "s little ela/icity--?ree %eets ?ick is ab\t ! mo/ useful4 #b ,col\rs4--,s mu* 9 illum9ation dep5ds on 7#a7 ! brilliancy & 7#b7 ! durability ( ! col\rs employ$1 t too mu* c>e c h>dly be display$ 9 _! selection4 ,in/ances are num]\s 9 :i* "w on :i* h\rs & h\rs ( c>e & pa9s 7 be/[$1 a few ye>s ago1 is n[ s fad$ z to be almo/ un9telligible2 ! r$s h fl[n1 ! :ites turn$ br[n1 & a few hazy1 blue m>ks are all t are left4 ,x is cle> t !y ( old surpass$ u 9 ! prep>ation ( _! col\rs4 ,"s ( ! pa9t+s 9 ! anci5t temples ( ,egypt1 :i* h be5 prov$ to be only wat] col\r1 are z brilliant & fre% to-day z !y 7 :5 laid on ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,! exquisite m9iatures & elaborate ornam5tation ( numb]s ( ,ori5tal manuscripts1 five1 six1 sev51 & m c5turies old1 reta9 all _! orig9al beauty & gorge\sness2 & ! m$ival (fice books1 & o!r ,,mss4 ( ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,italy1 especially ^? ( ! #ad? c5tury1 are at ?is day z mu* m>vels ( brilliant col\r+ z ! /a9$ glass w9d[s ( ! same p]iods4 ,to ! beg9n]1 ( c\rse1 ! "* ( ! col\rs employ$ is n s important1 z to m =w>d arti/s4 ,/ill x is wise to ex]cise judgm5t 9 selection1 ev5 f ! fir/1 especially z 9 n9e cases out ( t5 a cake ( col\r w la/ = ye>s4 ,! be/ c\rse is to make ! pur*ases at "o ( ! be/ arti/s' col\r %ops1 to es*ew all #8made up' col\rs1 & to rely on ! eye = produc+ at home ! sev]al gradations ( hue1 by mix+ ! primal col\rs on ! slab4 ,comp>atively few are really requir$2 & z illum9at+ is a v diff]5t art f ord9>y wat]-col\r draw+1 & requires a peculi> texture ( matt]1 ! col\rs mo/ fitt$ = x are n always ! same z ^? 9 ord9>y use4 ,! foll[+ w be f\nd ! mo/ s]viceable3-- ,,r$s4 ,,yell[s ,,br[ns4 ,,silv]s4 ,sc>let v]million ,indian yell[ ,! mo/ durable mode ,crimson v]million ,gamboge ( produc+ ?is mo/ ,crimson lake ,sepia delicate & s5sitive ,c>m9e ,! latt]1 mix$ ) ( all col\rs1 is to ,! two la/ = lake1 makes a good use plat9a1 or ! deep] hues1 %ad[ col\r1 & alum9um1 & burni% & = %ad+4 %[s well on r$s1 aft]w>ds4 or on gold4 ,see #8,tricks4' ,,blues4 ,,blacks4 ,,:ites4 ,ultram>9e ,indian ink ,*9ese :ite is ! ,p]man5t blue ,?is w be f\nd ! mo/ brilliant & ,! latt] = ! mo/ g5]ally useful4 /&s be/4 deep] hues1 & ,ivory black & lamp = %ad+4 black are bo? good blacks2 b g5u9e ,indian ink is z good1 or bett]1 & has ! advantage ( work+ well 9 ! p51 :i* ! o!rs w n d4 ,,neutral ,,t9ts1 ,,gre5s4 ,,golds4 ,,purples1 c4 ,em]ald gre5-- ,! ord9>y %ell ,p]man5t blue1 ,use p]man5t blue gold2 b x w mix$ ) lake1 = ! %ad+4 be f\nd mo/ w be f\nd economical to be/ suit$ = pur*ase x 9 ! illum9ation4 l>g] quantities1 ,! neutral t9t z sold9 ,porcela9 sold 9 ! %ops pans & sauc]s4 is too heavy1 ,!re is also a gold s is t m$ium1 ! use ( ord9>ily made :i* z well z ( up ( indigo & ! agate burni%]1 light r$4 w be expla9$ "u ! head ( #8,tricks4' ,illu/ration ,p5cils1 ,p5s1 ,draw+ ,in/rum5ts1 c4 ,! p5cil be+ only us$ = sket*+ ! subjects1 ^? m>k$ ,f1 ,h1 & ,,hh1 w be f\nd suffici5t4 ,a few ord9>y f9e-po9t$ /eel p5s w d v well = outl9+4 ,= ! b5efit ( any le>n] n conv]sant ) ! use ( ! p5 ) col\r1 x may be add$ t ! me?od is1 to mix ! col\r1 v liquid1 9 a sauc]2 & !n fill+ a camel's hair bru% ) "s1 to draw ! bru% across ! %\ld] ( ! p51 :i* is to be held ) ! op5 "p upw>ds4 ,x w be f\nd t en\gh col\r is ?us scrap$ (f1 z x 71 to *>ge ! p53 by a simil> me?od ! draw+ p5 is *>g$4 ,x w be well to h a draw+ p51 a pair ( compasses ) p5 & p5cil legs1 a few draw+ p9s2 a draw+ bo>d1 #b feet by #ah in*es1 or small]2 a ,t squ>e2 ?ree set squ>es 7"o #de1 ! o!r two #gj & #bj7 & respectively #c in*es1 #f in*es1 & #i in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! latt] w be f\nd m practically useful ?an all sorts ( p>allel rul]s2 b z _! use is n g5]ally famili> to any b ar*itectural & eng9e]+ draftsm51 x may be useful to add an explanation ( x4 ,hav+ adju/$ ! c>dbo>d by means ( ! ,t squ>e on ! draw+ bo>d1 secure x by p9s4 ,to draw any numb] ( p>allel l9es x is n[ m]ely necess>y to lay ! ,t squ>e across ! c>dbo>d1 9 a direction p]p5dicul> to t ( ! desir$ l9es1 tak+ c>e1 ( c\rse1 t ! cross piece ( ! ,t is well aga9/ ! edge ( ! draw+ bo>d1 & kept firm by a weight2 & !n keep+ "o side ( ! set squ>e aga9/ ! side ( ! ,t1 to slide x up & d[n z occasion %all require4 ,x w be f\nd v useful bo? = keep+ ! ,t squ>e /eady1 & = trac+ & o!r purposes1 to h a c\ple ( small weights--lead is ! be/ mat]ial--ab\t ! size ( a *ild's l>ge toy brick1 or--say--#c in*es long1 #b in*es wide1 & an in* deep4 ,any plumb] c ca/ !m4 ,cov] ea* ( !m ) a piece ( foolscap1 or o!r pap] n too smoo?1 fold+ x up l a p>cel1 & seal+ ! ends d[n on ! upp] side4 ,! advantage ( ?is plan is1 t ! envelope c be remov$ & r5ew$ z x gets dirty4 ,h&les to weights1 or ?ick weights1 are a mi/ake2 !y cat* ! h&4 ,z great] neatness & accuracy 9 curves are sometimes necess>y ?an c be atta9$ by any b ! mo/ practis$ h&1 x w be f\nd useful to h a few ,fr5* curves2 ^! c be procur$ at any arti/s' col\r %op1 or draw+ in/rum5t mak]'s4 ,?ree bru%es w be en\gh4 ,wa%+1 z 9 wat]-col\r draw+1 be+ nev] us$ 9 illum9at+1 no l>ge bru%es are ne$$2 ! l>ge/ ne$ n be m ?an half ! size ( a lead p5cil1 ! second ( c\rse small]1 & ! ?ird a v f9e "o4 ,!y %\ld be ( sable2 & c>efully select$ = firmness1 compactness1 ev5 po9t1 & abs5ce ( /raggl+ hair4 ,a slab or palette = ! col\rs1 & a sep>ate sauc] or slab = ,indian ink %\ld be provid$4 ,x w be necess>y also to h an ivory po9t = trac+ (f1 & a small agate = burni%+ & o!r purposes2 bo? are to be procur$ at ! arti/s' col\r %op4 ,( c\rse trac+ pap] w be requir$--! ,fr5* is ! be/--z well z a %eet ( r$ pap] = trac+ (f4 ,r$ pap]1 ?\gh readily procurable 9 ! arti/s' col\r %ops1 & p]haps mo/ conv5i5tly s1 is nev]!less simply & easily con/ruct$4 ,any "o :o is desir\s ( mak+ 8 own1 has m]ely to take a %eet ( =eign po/ pap]1 scrape a piece ( r$ *alk ov] x1 & !n rub 9 ) a piece ( s(t *amois lea!r or wadd+1 until ! pap] is ev5ly cov]$1 n mak+ x too ?ick1 or x w trace (f clumsy l9es4 ,! beg9n] be+ n[ furni%$ ) all necess>y mat]ials1 ! %orte/ & mo/ compreh5sible way ( in/ruct+ him 9 ! use ( !m1 w be to take two or ?ree ( our own examples1 & ask him to foll[ u ?r\gh ! process ( execut+ !m4 ,to take a v simple "o fir/1 we w select any "o ( ! lett]s 9 ,no4 #c4 ,! piece ( c>dbo>d is suppos$ to be laid on ! draw+ bo>d1 & kept /eady by a s+le p9 9 ! c5tre ( its upp] side1 !re be+ no ne$ = p]fect rigidity z !re are no squ>+ or p>allel l9es 9 ?is illum9ation4 ,proce$ to trace ! initial f ! example by lay+ a piece ( trac+ pap] ov] x1 ) weights to /eady x1 ! same weights may be easily s arrang$ z to keep ! book op5 z well4 ,run ov] e l9e ) y\r s(te/ p5cil ) a f9e po9t1 & a light h&4 ,remove ! trac+ pap]1 & adju/ x ov] ! c>dbo>d1 s z to br+ ! trac+ ov] ! desir$ spot4 ,adju/ ! weights1 slip ! r$ pap] und]nea?1 take y\r ivory po9t & beg9 trac+ (f2 & ( ?is1 let x be rem>k$1 t no?+ b practice c give ! beg9n] ! requisite skill to make a good trac+4 ,a heavy h&1 or a broad po9t w produce a co>se trac+2 too light a h&1 too fa9t a trac+1 & too f9e a po9t w cut ?r\gh ! trac+ pap]4 ,x w be well to make a few trials fir/1 & ev5 dur+ ! progress ( a trac+1 especially if x be an elaborate "o1 to lift ! l[] corn] ( ! trac+ pap] c>efully n[ & !n1 s z n to di/urb ! weights1 & to see t all is go+ on z x %\ld4 ,! trac+ be+ complete1 proce$ next to outl9e x 9 ,indian ink1 ) a p54 ,= ?is purpose prep>e "s ink 9 ! mann] already describ$1 on its sep>ate slab4 ,! ink outl9e %\ld be complete--/rong & weak :]e ne$$1 z 9 ! outl9e illu/ration ( our specim51 & %\ld be clean & firm--all ?is :ile keep a clean piece ( pap] "u ! work+ h&4 ,! outl9e be+ complet$1 ! next ?+ w be to prep>e ! col\rs4 ,= ei!r ( ! initial lett]s 9 ,example #c1 r$1 gre51 & gold are ! only col\rs ne$$2 & ?is may be ! mo/ suitable place = introduc+ a few words ab\t :at is te*nically call$ #8body col\r4' ,body col\r is v l>gely us$ 9 all anci5t illum9ation1 :e!r ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 or ,ori5tal2 b is mo/ prom95tly obs]vable 9 ! ,italian4 ,x is obta9$ by simply mix+ a small quantity ( "s opaque sub/ance ) ! col\r4 ,z9c1 or ,*9ese :ite1 are mo/ commonly employ$ = ! purpose2 & ! be/ mode ( con/ruction is to h ! :ite 9 "o ( ! metal tubes1 squeeze a drop ab\t ! size ( a pea on to ! slab1 & !n rub ! col\r ov] x4 ,( c\rse x w be necess>y to introduce "s col\r a little d>k] ?an ! hue desir$1 z ! :ite w light5 x3 ?us = in/ance1 9 ord] to obta9 an ord9>y blue1 x w be necess>y to add a t\* or two ( p]man5t blue1 or ! ultram>9e w turn out too pale4 ,! advantages ( body col\r are tw(old--fir/1 any body col\r w lie flat2 next1 be+ opaque1 x c :5 ne$ful be work$ ov] o!r col\r4 ,= ! purposes ( ! illum9ation n[ "u consid]ation !n1 x w m]ely be necess>y to rub 9 sc>let v]million & em]ald gre54 ,be c>eful to rub pl5ty1 = x is a rule 9 illum9at+ t ! col\rs %\ld be laid on ?ick & p[]ful2 !re are no fa9t transp>5t t9ts1 z 9 wat]-col\r draw+1 b ev5 9 m9iature sc5es1 light col\rs are obta9$ n by dilut+ ! col\r ) wat]1 b by add+ :ite to x4 ,ano!r rule is1 to lay on ! l>ge/ body ( col\r fir/3 ?us 9 ! in/ance be=e u--fir/ put 9 ! r$s1 tak+ c>e to lay on pl5ty ( col\r1 to keep )9 ! ink outl9e c>efully1 close to x b n encroa*+ on x1 & to see t y\r col\r lies ev5ly or #8flat4' ,next1 put 9 ! gre5s1 obs]v+ ! same rules1 & f9ally ! gold1 = x is ano!r rule to leave ! gold to ! la/ to avoid rubb+ z mu* z possible4 ,our next example w be ,no4 #g4 ,trace & outl9e z be=e4 ,proce$ next to put 9 ! ultram>9e blues 9 ! acan?us & fl[]s2 next ! p]man5t blue 9 ! d>k] hues ( bo? z well z 9 ! initial1 tak+ c>e1 bo? 9 acan?us & fl[]s1 to keep ! curves clean & bold4 ,n[ col\r ! gre5 leaves ) em]ald gre51 ! d>k] l9es z direct$ ) p]man5t blue4 ,! r$s 9 ! fl[]s foll[ next--all1 except t 9 ! "r h& l[] corn]--) crimson lake1 ! d>k] hues be+ t\*$ 9 ) p]man5t blue1 :i*1 comb9+ ) ! lake1 w produce ! neutral t9t be=e ref]r$ to4 ,! except$ corn] fl[] w require crimson v]million1 %ad$ ) sepia & lake4 ,crimson v]million w also furni% ! col\r = ! r$ fl[]s 9 ! initial4 ,la/ly1 put 9 ! golds1 %ad+ ) sepia & lake4 ,! la/ ,example we select is ,no4 #i4 ,"h1 z 9 ,no4 #c1 proce$ to trace1 c4 z direct$1 only 9 ?is case ! ,t squ>e & set squ>es w come into play = ! outl9es ( ! bord]1 bo? 9 trac+1 trac+ (f1 & 9 outl9+--use ! draw+ p5 = ! la/4 ,! fruit1 fl[]s1 c4 mu/ next be c>efully execut$ ) ! requisite col\rs1 accord+ to ! table giv5 above2 ! gold !n laid on1 & aft]w>ds ! %ade work$ ov] ! gold ) a neutral t9t1 made ( sepia & lake1 z direct$4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,!re are a few #8,tricks' :i* w be f\nd g5]ally useful to be> 9 m9d4 ,! agate is a useful auxili>y2 ) ! side ( x y c burni% y\r golds & silv]s 7plat9a7 by g5tly rubb+ !m until !y acquire ! requisite brilliancy2 & ) ! po9t ( x sev]al v pretty me?ods ( break+ & enri*+ a flat gold or silv] surface may be put 9 =ce1 ei!r by cov]+ x ) dots1 or ) dots 9 comb9ation ) /raight or curv$ l9es1 or ) a sort ( ,arabesque "w1 or--inde$1 ) any sort ( patt]n accord+ to ! design]'s fancy4 ,sp>ks ( :ite may be ) advantage introduc$ to ?r[ up ! edge ( a leaf1 or ! mo/ prom95t portion ( a /alk1 or ev5 to br+ out ! light] edge ( a lett] f ! backgr\nd4 ,9 ! latt] case be c>eful n to oblit]ate ! outl9e4 ,! :ite %\ld come j outside x1 & betwe5 x & ! backgr\nd4 ,a l>ge initial or surface ( heavy col\r may be v easily light5$ by ! introduction ( a p[d]+ ( m9ute gold dots4 ,^! may be produc$ by lay+ on ! dots1 fir/ ( all1 ) ei!r ,*9ese :ite1 or ) an article sold 9 ! arti/s' col\r %ops1 call$ ! gold m$ium2 & 9 ei!r case t\*+ ! dots1 :5 dry1 ) %ell gold4 ,! effect w be t !y w /& out 9 /rong relief f ! gr\nd on :i* !y are laid1 & w produce a v ri* effect4 ,f9ally1 :il/ obs]v+ ! g5]al rule to keep y\r "w z flat z possible1 be c>eful t x d n deg5]ate into tam5ess--r ?an ?is--& especially ) foliage1 fruit1 fl[]s1 c4 d n be afraid to introduce into ! deepe/ corn]s ( ! heavie/ %ades good1 /rong1 tell+ t\*es1 ( almo/ black col\r4 ,b above all1 :5 9 a difficulty1 /udy ! specim5s enum]at$ above2 r err on ! side ( imitation ?an ( inv5tion4 ,! second po9t is ! p>allel ( ! fir/1 9 connexion ) :at may be call$ ! manipulatory "p ( ! treatise4 ,"h aga9 we mu/ w>n our read]s t ! book is b a ,prim]4 ,! "w already ref]r$ to conta9s no less ?an sev5 & tw5ty imp]ial octavo pages1 ab\t col\rs & gild+1 & bru%es1 & o!r practical matt]s4 ,?is w furni% "s idea ( ! magnitude ( ?is "p ( ! subject4 ,b our little volume m]ely pret5ds to put beg9n]s 9 ! way ( acquir+ ! p[] ( le>n+ m4 ,& let u "h rem>k1 t 9 "s p>ticul>s ! col\rs select$1 & ! directions giv5 diff]1 we obs]ve1 f ! recomm5dations ( o!r writ]s2 & )\t !re=e pret5d+ = "o mom5t to sit 9 judgm5t on ^? :o diff] ) u1 we w take ! lib]ty ( in=m+ read]s t our directions are bas$ on ! exp]i5ce & obs]vations ( _m ye>s' ext5sive practice ( ! art 9 "q4 ,we may also add t1 ?\gh ! ,prim] is int5d$ to enable beg9n]s to tea* !mselves1 7& if its directions are c>efully att5d$ to1 w h t effect17 /ill x is advisable1 :5 practicable1 to c>ry out ^? directions "u ! eye ( a ma/] at fir/1 ev5 if su* sup]vision only am\nt to submitt+ to him ! results ( ! e>li] ef=ts1 t he may po9t out ! secrets ( any failures4 ,above all1 ! gold5 rule = ! /ud5t ( illum9ation is1 n to attempt too mu* at fir/4 ,f> m real progress is made by c>efully1 pati5tly1 & accurately complet+ a s+le copy ( "o simple lett]1 su* = example z ! ,n 9 ,example ,no4 #c1 ?an 9 hurry+ ov] half a doz5 m ambiti\s /udies1 9 a way :i* may produce a c]ta9 effect at a di/ance1 b w n be> look+ into4 ,l ,burke1 r aim to be #8sl[ & elaborate1' ?an da%+ & effective2 b be indu/ri\s1 & let y\r motto be1--8,fe/9a l5te40 ,9 conclusion1 x maybe z well to impress ^u ! read] two po9ts3 ! fir/ is1 9 great "p1 a m]e repetition ( ! introductory s5t5ces ( our little volume1 b _c be too repeat$ly urg$ on 8 att5tion4 ,!re is no pret5sion :atev] 9 ?is slight practical essay1 to give any?+ approa*+ to a complete diss]tation on ! art ( illum9ation2 su* a task w\ld occupy a score ( su* volumes z ours1 & be !n capable ( almo/ illimitable fur!r expansion4 ,we h inde$ already rem>k$ t ! subject is inexhau/ible2 & ! la/ notable "w publi%$ on ! art well obs]ves1 t #8m5 ( ! pr(\nde/ le>n+ h devot$1 "s :ole lives1 & _m ( !m long ye>s1 to ! /udy ( ^? preci\s pages1 on ! decoration ( :i* ! highe/ ef=ts ( ! illum9i/s ( old 7 lavi%$2 & h yet "o & all confess$ ! p>tial & incomplete ma/]y ( ! subject :i* !y1 ) all _! lab\r1 h be5 able to acquire4' ,x is n to be expect$1 !re=e1 t )9 ! comp>atively t9y dim5sions ( a ,prim] any?+ m ?an ! m]e/ outl9e 0 practicable1 all t has be5 attempt$ !n has be5 to furni% j su* a description & diss]tation z is absolutely ess5tial to ! due compreh5sion ( :at ! art is1 & ( :at x is applicable to1 leav+ ! /ud5t to se>* = fur!r in=mation among su* ( ! l>g] & m ab/ruse works on ! subject1 z may be accessible to him at ! read+ room ( ! ,briti% ,museum1#ac or else:]e4 ,ev5 at ! risk ( be+ accus$ ( repetition1 x has be5 ?\ght wise to impress ?is po9t /rongly on ! read]'s att5tion4 ,8 motto %\ld be an amalgamation ( two well kn[n ones-- ,illu/ration3 nec tem]e nec timide semp] labore4 #ac ,we h1 to our surprise1 f\nd s mu* misconception abroad on ! subject1 t we ?9k x wor? :ile to in=m our lady read]s t 9 ?is room !re are seats specially set ap>t = ladies4 ,app5dix4 ,! foll[+ ,extract f a ,lett] to ! ,editor1 gives a g5]al & compreh5sive view ( all ! old s]vice books1 z f> z illum9ation is conc]n$3-- 8,i ?9k :]e & :5 ! ,missal came into use z an alt> book1 ! ,brevi>y 0 compil$ z a ,morn+1 ,day & ,ev5+ ,s]vice-book1 = use 9 ! ,quire1 z well z = ! private recitation ( ! sev]al (fices4 ,! ,gradual 0 to ! ,missal :at ! ,antiphon>y 0 to ! ,brevi>y4 ,i ?9k ! ma9 books ( private devotion 7 ! ,hor ,b4 ,m4 ,v4 ,i d n ?9k t ! common ,hor or ,h\r-books1 :i* 7 simply ,brevi>ies )\t lessons1 7 ev] popul>1 or ev5 ( mu* use among ! laity4 ,:5 ! great ,colb]t w\ld h a book to himself1 he compil$ a brief ,brevi>y1 i4 e41 a ,brevi>y abbreviat$4 ,m5 ( m unction & less s5se us$ #8,h\rs ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91' & !y 7 (t51 especially 9 ! ,cal5d>1 v gorge\sly illum9at$4 ,hor ,diurn or ,diurnales 7 h&-books = cl]ks1 to say all ! h\rs f1 except mat9s2 !y 7 easy to c>ry4 ,inde$1 my exp]i5ce ( illum9at$ books has run ?us3-- ,hor ,b4 ,m4 ,v4--,^! seem to me mo/ num]\s & elaborate 9 ! #ae? & #af? c5tury "w4 ,evangeli/]ia4--,books ( ,gospels next1 ( v mu* old] execution4 ,missalia4--,comp>atively rec5t2 ri* 9 ! ,canon & ,preface illum9ations4 ,brevi>ia ri*ly & pr(usely illum9at$ are really sc>ce4 ,"o wond]s at x2 b s x is4 ,e n[ & !n a h&some #ae? or #af? c5tury ,brevi>y1 commonly ( ,fr5* art1 turns up1 b n v frequ5tly1 & !n n prodigally illum9at$4 ,i h be5 told t "s ( ! huge ,spani% ,graduals or ,mass ,an!m books are gr&ly illum9at$ 9 ! way ( capitals4 ,i h se5 sev]al mutilat$ copies :i* seem to affirm ! same ?+40 ,illu/ration3 ,monograms4 #g? & #h? ,c5turies4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ! ,bible ( ,*>les ye ,bald4 #i? ,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a ,bible4 #ab? ,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,opus ,anglicum4 ,illu/ration3 ,h\rs ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,illu/ration3 ,les ,m]veilles du ,monde4 #adji4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ronicles ( ,engl&4 ,edw>d ,,iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,h\rs ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 ,illu/ration3 ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany4 ,illu/ration3 #ad? & #ae? ,c5turies4 ,illu/ration3 #ad? & #ae? ,c5turies4 ,illu/ration3 ,italian & ,initials4 #ae? & #af? ,c5turies4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ! ,bible ( ,*>les ye ,bald4 #i? ,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,f a ,bible4 #ab? ,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,opus ,anglicum4 ,illu/ration3 ,h\rs ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,illu/ration3 ,les ,m]veilles du ,monde4 #adji4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ronicles ( ,engl&4 ,edw>d ,,iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,h\rs ( ,h5ry ,,vii4 ,illu/ration3 ,h\rs ( ,anne ( ,brittany4 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,col\rs ,,by ,c4 ,,:it+1 ,,london4 ,j ,publi%$4 ,,ornam5tal ,,alphabets1 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,m$i,,val1 ,,f ,,! ,,eigh? ,,c5tury1 ,,) ,,num]als1 includ+ ,go?ic1 ,*ur*-,text1 l>ge & small2 ,g]man1 ,italian1 ,arabesque1 ,initials = ,illum9ation1 c41 = ! ,use ( ,missal ,pa9t]s1 ,illum9ators1 c41 c4 ,drawn & ,engrav$ by ,f4 ,,delamotte4 ,royal #hvo1 oblong1 clo?1 po/ free1 #ds4 8,a *>m+ little volume ?is is--evid5tly a lab\r ( love ) ! arti/1 o!rwise we %\ld n h se5 comb9$ 9 its production rese>* ! mo/ pa9/ak+1 ) indu/ry ! mo/ indefatigable4 ,x is a book t old ,"l ,monboddo w\ld h hung ov]1 z he turn$ ! leaves1 delight$4 ,x is design$1 ! title-page tells u1 = c>v]s1 masons1 engrav]s1 decorative pa9t]s1 li?ograph]s1 ar*itectural & decorative draughtsm51 & o!rs2 or1 z !y say 9 t little dry *ip ( ,lat91 almo/ "p & p>cel ( our v]nacul>1 cum ct]is p>ibus4 ,beyond ^!1 h[ev]1 x w h>dly fail to int]e/ ! l+ui/1 ! philologi/1 or ! gramm>ian4 ,! "w is1 9 simple tru?1 a curiosity4 ,an exam9ation ( x w\ld n h be5 disda9$ by s*ol>s old or new1 f ,scalig] to ,ruddiman1 f ,tooke to ,tr5*1 f ,cri*ton to ,mezz(anti4 ,yet ! "w is simply1 z its title tells u1 a book ( ornam5tal alphabets--alphabets anci5t & m$ival1 f ! eigh? c5tury1 ) num]als1 ,roman & ,arabic4 ,among ! lett]s are ,go?ic1 ,*ur*-,text1 ,g]man1 ,italian1 ,arabesque1 ,ornam5tal1 & besides all ^!1 ,initials = ,illum9ation4 ,!re are fifty pages1 or r plates1 9 all--ea* brilliantly emblazon$4 ,! book is complete4 ,x is ! successful realization ( a v happy ?\ght1 b "o ?us p]fectly realiz$1 ?r\gh h[ mu* toil & assidu\s inve/igation6 ,we c v he>tily comm5d x to ! att5tion ( ^? = :om x has be5 especially int5d$ by its +5i\s collector & design]1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,delamotte40--,sun4 ,london3 ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #af1 ,buckl]sbury4 ,,examples ,,( ,,mod]n ,,alphabets1 ,,pla9 ,,ornam5tal1 includ+ ,g]man1 ,old ,engli%1 ,saxon1 ,italic1 ,p]spective1 ,greek1 ,hebrew1 ,c\rt ,h&1 ,engross+1 ,tuscan1 ,rib&1 ,go?ic1 ,ru/ic1 & ,arabesque1 ) sev]al ,orig9al ,designs1 & an ,analysis ( ! ,roman & ,old ,engli% ,alphabets1 ,l>ge & ,small1 & ,num]als4 ,collect$ & ,engrav$ by ,f4 ,,delamotte4 ,royal #hvo1 oblong1 #ds4 po/ free4 ,london3 ,e4 & ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #af1 ,buckl]sbury4 ,,delamotte',s ,,designs ,,= ,,embroid]y3 ,conta9+ ,initials1 ,emblems1 ,cyph]s1 ,monograms1 ,ornam5tal ,bord]s1 ,ecclesia/ical ,devices4 ,royal #hvo1 oblong1 9 ,illum9at$ ,bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d41 po/ free4 ,london3 ,e4 & ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #af1 ,buckl]sbury4 ,,c\ntry ,,cottages3 a ,s]ies ( ,designs = an ,,improv$ ,,class ,,( ,,dwell+s ,,= ,,agricultural ,,lab\r]s4 ,by ,,john ,,v9c5t1 ,ar*itect4 ,imp]ial #dto1 clo?1 price #abs4 ,london3 ,e4 & ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #af1 ,buckl]sbury4