,transcrib]'s ,notes ,text pr9t$ 9 italics 9 ! orig9al "w has be5 transcrib$ betwe5 und]scores4 ,bold face text has be5 transcrib$ betwe5 equal signs1 small capitals h be5 replac$ by ,,all ,,capitals4 text indicates sup]script text1 #j repres5ts a z]o ) a b> above x4 ,m ,transcrib]'s ,notes may be f\nd at ! end ( ?is text4 ,,! ,,nile ,,9 #aijd ,,by ,sir ,,william ,,willcocks1 ,k4,c4,m4,g41 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,,london ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon ,,limit$1 #eg ,,haym>ket4 ,,new ,,york ,,spon ,,*amb]la91 #abc ,,lib]ty ,,/reet4 ,price #is_/- net4 ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,national ,,pr9t+ ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,egypt1 ,,cairo #aijd4 ,d$icat$ to my old ,*ief & ,ma/] 9 ,irrigation1 ,sir ,col9 ,scott-,moncrieff1 ,k4,c4,s4,i41 ,k4,c4,m4,g41 "u :om ,i _h ! privilege ( work+ = #bj ye>s 9 ,india & ,egypt4 ,,preface ,! publication ( ,sir ,william ,g>/9's monum5tal "w on ! 8,bas9 ( ! ,upp] ,nile0 is an ev5t ( su* importance 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,nile t ! occasion %\ld n be lo/ ( br++ ,lomb>d9i's "w on ! ,nile to date4 ,! in=mation utilis$ by me 9 ?is book z f> z ! ,upp] ,nile is conc]n$ is obta9$ f ,sir ,william's ,report2 = ! ,blue ,nile & ,atb>a ,i am indebt$ to ,m4 ,dupuis' int]e/+ app5dix at ! end ( ,sir ,william's ,report2 & = ! riv] nor? ( ,kh>tum to my own /udies & surveys4 ,z ,sir ,william employ$ ,capt4 ,h4,g4 ,lyons1 ,r4,e4 to collaborate ) him1 ! ref]5ces to ! works ( previ\s writ]s & geographical details may be accept$ )\t any misgiv+s4 ,to ,m4 ,*lu ,bey1 ,director ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,press1 ,i am indebt$ = 8 ev] ready aid2 to ,mr4 ,hans>d ( ! ,survey ,dep>tm5t = ! plates accompany+ ?is "w2 & to ,mr ,h4,g4,f4 ,beadnell1 ,f4,g4,s1 ,f4,r4,g4,s1 = hav+ k9dly writt5 ! description ( ! ,egyptian oases & ! geology ( ,egypt :i* =m ! fif? *apt] ( ?is book4 ,w4 ,,willcocks4 ,cairo1 #ab-aj1 #aijd4 ,,! ,,nile ,,9 #aijd4 ,,subject ,,matt]4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,nile--7,page #aa74 #a4 ,introduction4 #b4 ,nom5clature4 #c4 ,description ( ! c\rse ( ! ,nile4 #d4 ,slopes & velocities ( ! ,nile 9 its diff]5t rea*es4 #e4 ,cat*m5t bas9s ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies4 #f4 ,! climate ( ! ,nile valley4 #g4 ,! geology ( ! ,nile valley4 #h4 ,! dis*>ges ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! tribut>ies ( ! ,nile--7,page #bf74 #i4 ,lake ,victoria ,nyanza4 #aj4 ,! ,victoria ,nile4 #aa4 ,! ,semliki riv]4 #ab4 ,lake ,alb]t ,nyanza4 #ac4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile4 #ad4 ,! ,gazelle riv]4 #ae4 ,! ,z]af riv]4 #af4 ,! ,sobat riv]4 #ag4 ,! ,sudd region4 #ah4 ,! ,:ite ,nile4 #ai4 ,! ,blue ,nile4 #bj4 ,! ,atb>a4 #ba4 ,! ,nile f ,kh>t\m to ,assun4 #bb4 ,! ,nile f ,assun to ! ,b>rage4 #bc4 ,! ,rosetta & ,damietta ,bran*es4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! utilisation ( ! ,nile--7,page #ef74 #bd4 ,! ,nile 9 flood4 #be4 ,! ,nile 9 l[ supply4 #bf4 ,nile wat]4 #bg4 ,! soil ( ! ,nile ,valley4 #bh4 ,bas9 irrigation4 #bi4 ,p]5nial irrigation4 #cj4 ,flood protection4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,projects--7,page #gc74 #ca4 ,projects4 #cb4 ,! rais+ ( ! ,assun dam4 #cc4 ,! ,wady ,rayan res]voir & escape4 #cd4 ,! ,alb]t ,lake & ,nile project4 #ce4 ,flood protection = ,egypt4 #cf4 ,complete project = wat] /orage & flood control4 #cg4 ,sir ,william ,g>/9's projects4 #ch4 ,! conv]sion ( bas9 to p]5nial irrigation4 #ci4 ,developm5t ( ! ,sudan4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! oases & ! geology ( ,egypt by ,h4,j4,l4 ,beadnell1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,f4,r4,g4,s4--7,page #ajg74 #dj4 ,! oases4 #da4 ,dakhla oasis4 #db4 ,kh>ga oasis4 #dc4 ,bah>ia oasis4 #dd4 ,f>afra oasis4 #de4 ,! geology ( ,egypt4 #df4 ,igne\s rocks4 #dg4 ,s$im5t>y rocks4 #dh4 ,upp] cretace\s4 #di4 ,eoc5e4 #ej4 ,oligoc5e & ,mioc5e4 #ea4 ,plioc5e1 ,plei/oc5e & ,rec5t4 #eb4 ,economic products4 ,table ( ,app5dices 7,page #aag74 ,index 7,page #bba74 ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,,page4 ,i4 ,plan ( ! ,nile ,valley #ab ,,ii4 ,longitud9al ,section ( ! ,nile ,valley #ad ,,iii4 ,outlet ( ,lake ,victoria #bf ,,iv4 ,cross sections ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies 7#a7 #bh ,v4 ,gauge diagrams ( ,lakes ,victoria & ,alb]t #cj ,,vi4 ,! ,sudd region #cd ,,vii4 ,outlet ( ,tsana ,lake #dd ,,viii4 ,gauge diagrams ( ! ,:ite & ,blue ,niles at ,kh>t\m #df ,,ix4 ,cross sections ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies 7#b7 #db ,x4 ,longitud9al section ( ! ,nile3 ,wady ,halfa to ,assun #dh ,,xi4 ,cross sections ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies 7#c7 #eb ,,xii4 ,longitud9al section ( ! ,nile3 ,assun to ,cairo #ej ,,xiii4 ,typical cross sections ( ! ,nile ,valley #ej ,,xiv4 ,plan ( typical bas9 irrigation 9 ,egypt #ff ,,xv4 ,plan ( ! ,fay\m & ! ,wady ,rayan #gf ,,xvi4 ,longitud9al section ( ! ,fay\m & ! ,wady ,rayan #hj ,,xvii4 ,rosetta ,bran* #ed ,,xviii4 ,damietta ,bran* #ed ,,xix4 ,plan ( typical p]5nial irrigation 9 ,egypt #fh ,,xx4 ,possible tunnel at ,lake ,tsana #ajc ,,xxi4 ,! ,egyptian oases #ajh ,,! ,,nile ,,9 #aijd4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,nile4 #a4 ,introduction4--,9 ! introduction to 8 brilliant essay on ! ,hydrology ( ! ,nile#a1 an essay1 :i*1 ?\gh writt5 9 #ahfe1 =e%ad[$ mu* ( :at we "k to day1 ,lomb>d9i rem>k$1 ) mu* tru? t1 no riv] 9 ! _w l5ds itself to hydrological /udies on s maje/ic a scale z ! ,nile4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ riv] ( ! anci5t _w1 x is /ill ! mo/ int]e/+ riv] ( our "t2 &1 9 spite ( all t anci5t & mod]n discov]ies h unfold$1 its dis*>ges are to-day m difficult to unravel & weave toge!r ?an ^? ( any o!r /ream 9 ei!r hemisph]e4 ,^! dis*>ges are /ill a my/]y1 & x w ne$ ye>s & ye>s ( pati5t obs]vation & /udy1 at ! h&s ( ! ,sudan ,irrigation ,dep>tm5t1 to enable u to /ate ) exactitude :y its floods rise & fall ) su* regul> & /ately precision1 :y !y are nev] sudd5 & abrupt1 & :y its summ] supplies c nev] be completely cut (f ev5 9 _! trav]se ( ov] #cjjj kilometres ?r\gh ! burn+ & p>*$ ,sah>a4 ,?\gh ! my/]y ( ! ,nile is f> f be+ solv$ to-day1 /ill an enorm\s /ep 9 advance has be5 made by ! publication ( ,sir ,william ,g>/9's ,report on ! ,bas9 ( ! ,upp] ,nile#b4 ,?is ,report n only conta9s ! results ( ?ree ye>s' obs]vations ( ! ,egyptian ,survey ,dep>tm5t 9 ! ,sudan1 ( ,sir ,william ,g>/9's own obs]vations & /udies1 b also a mass ( in=mation ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies collect$ by ,capt4 ,h4 ,g4 ,lyons4 ,r4 ,e41 ?r\gh f\r ye>s ( un9t]rupt$ /udy4 ,^? :o "k ! intellig5ce & me?od ) :i* ,capt4 ,lyons works1 w rate ?is in=mation at its prop] value4 #a ,saggio idrolico sul ,nilo1 by ,,elia ,,lomb>d9i1 ,milan #ahfe4 #b ,report on ! ,bas9 ( ! ,upp] ,nile by ,,sir ,,william ,,g>/94 ,blue ,book ,egypt 7#b7 #aijd4 ,lomb>d9i ga!r$ toge!r all ! in=mation available at ! "t t ,sir ,samuel ,bak] ann\nc$ ! exi/5ce ( ! ,alb]t ,nyanza %ortly aft] ,speke & ,grant _h proclaim$ to ! _w t ! ,victoria ,nyanza 0 ! true s\rce ( ! ,nile4 ,f ! in=mation !n available he d$uc$ ! laws & op]ations ( ! great riv]4 ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s lat]1 j be=e ! rebellion 9 ! ,sudan clos$ ! ,nile to ! civiliz$ _w1 a ,g]man savant1 ,joseph ,*avanne#c1 9 8 book on ! riv]s ( ,africa1 collect$ & tabulat$ on cle> & me?odical l9es mu* ( ! in=mation available 9 #ahhc4 ,?\gh _m ( 8 facts are errone\s1 8 me?od is cle> & 8 ideas j4 ,sir ,william ,g>/91 9 8 ,report1 has develop$ ! in=mation at 8 disposal on su* practical l9es z are ne$$ to /udy ! "q ( insur+ an abundant supply ( wat] to ! ,nile 9 ,egypt dur+ ! times ( l[ supply4 #c 8,afrikas ,/rme und ,flsse0 by ,,joseph ,,*avanne4 ,wi5 #ahhc4 ,hav+ myself /udi$ ! ,nile = fifte5 ye>s 9 ord] to solve ! problems ( wat] /orage & flood control on ! ,nile1 & hav+ devot$ ! :ole ( my life to ?is v sci5ce ( ,hydraulics1 ,i h be5 enc\rag$ to attempt ! cont9uation ( ,lomb>d9i's "w2 &1 to ! utmo/ ( my ability1 to br+ x to ! level ( ! k ( our day4 #b4 ,nom5clature4--,! nom5clature ( ! tribut>ies ( ! ,nile is difficult to foll[4 ,9 ?is book ,i %all call ! riv] ! ,victoria ,nile f ,lake ,victoria to ,lake ,alb]t2 ! ,alb]t ,nile f ,lake ,alb]t to ! ,sobat m\? 7?is rea* is kn[n g5]ally z ! ,bahr el ,gebel72 ! ,:ite ,nile f ! ,sobat m\? to ,kh>t\m2 & ! ,nile f ,kh>t\m to ! sea4 ,! ,blue ,nile /ret*es f ,lake ,tsana 9 ,abyss9ia to ,kh>t\m4 #c4 ,description ( ! c\rse ( ! ,nile4--,*apt]s ,,ii & ,,iii conta9 detail$ descriptions ( ! ,nile & its ma9 tribut>ies1 & ?is p>agraph is a %ort epitome ( :at is writt5 !re ab\t ! c\rse ( ! ,nile4 ,! ,nile dra9s ne>ly ! :ole ( nor?-ea/]n ,africa1 an area compris+ #c million squ>e kilometres4 ,its ma9 tribut>y1 ! ,:ite ,nile1 has its fur!/ s\rces 9 s\? latitude #d1 ne> ,lake ,tanganyika4 ,kn[n z ! ,kag]a1 x is "o ( ! fe$]s ( ,lake ,victoria1 & has a c\rse ( #fjj kilometres be=e x rea*es ! lake4 ,lake ,victoria1 cov]+ #fj1jjj squ>e kilometres1 is ! fir/ res]voir ( ! ,nile4 ,! ,victoria ,nile leaves ,lake ,victoria by ! ,ripon ,falls & aft] a c\rse ( #djj kilometres ent]s ,lake ,alb]t at its nor!rn corn]4 ,at its s\!rn end ,lake ,alb]t is f$ by ! ,semliki riv] :i* has its s\rces 9 ,lake ,edw>d4 ,its own area is #d1ejj squ>e kilometres4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile leaves ,lake ,alb]t at its nor!rn end & has a c\rse ( #abhj kilometres to ! m\? ( ! ,sobat riv]4 ,( ?is l5g?1 ! fir/ #bjj kilometres up to ,dufile h sc>cely any slope1 ! next #aej kilometres are d[n a s]ies ( sev]e cat>acts4 ,f ! foot ( ^! cat>acts to its tail ! ,alb]t ,nile has a g5tle slope & trav]ses ! ,sudd region :]e ! b$ ( ! /ream is (t5 b>r$ by blocks ( liv+ vegetation4 ,9 ?is latt] region ! /ream divides into two1 ( :i* ! "r h& "o is kn[n z ! ,bahr ,z]af4 ,aft] a c\rse ( #bgj kilometres ! ,bahr ,z]af jo9s ! ,alb]t ,nile aga94 ,9 ! int]val ! ,alb]t ,nile receives z a left-h& fe$] ! ,bahr ,gazelle4 ,! ,sobat riv] has its s\rces 9 ,gallal& & jo9s ! ,alb]t ,nile at ! t]m9ation ( ! ,sudd region4 ,f ! junction ( ! ,alb]t ,nile & ! ,sobat1 ! riv] is kn[n z ! ,:ite ,nile1 :i*1 aft] a c\rse ( #hdj kilometres1 ) an exce$+ly g5tle slope1 jo9s ! ,blue ,nile at ,kh>t\m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,,! ,,nile ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,! ,blue ,nile is ! true p>5t ( ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,! deposits ( its muddy wat]s h made ,egypt4 ,! ,atb>a has add$ its quota1 b ! ,blue ,nile is incomp>ably ! *ief contributor2 f$ by ! timely & pl5tiful ra9s ( s\!rn & s\?-ea/]n ,abyss9ia1 x contributes #fe p] c5t ( ! wat]s :i* pass ,assun4 ,! fur!/ s\rces are ^? ( ! ,abai1 :i*1 aft] a c\rse ( #aaj kilometres falls into ,lake ,tsana4 ,?is lake has an area ( #c1jjj squ>e kilometres & lies ab\t #a1gfj metres above sea level4 ,! ,blue ,nile leaves x at its s\?-ea/]n corn] & hurries d[n to ! ,sudan1 f$ by num]\s ,abyss9ian riv]s4 ,at ,rosaires1 aft] a c\rse ( #gej kilometres1 x has fall5 #a1bfj metres2 & bel[ ! ,rosaires cat>act ent]s ! pla9 c\ntry s\? ( ,kh>t\m4 ,= its rema9+ #fae kilometres on to ,kh>t\m1 :]e x meets ! ,:ite ,nile1 x is navigable = ! great] "p ( ! ye>4 ,nor? ( ,s5na> x is f$ by ! ,d9d] & ,rahad riv]s4 ,betwe5 ,kh>t\m & ,el ,dam]1 on a l5g? ( #cbj kilometres1 ! ,nile has its ev5 passage brok5 by ! #f? cat>act at ,%abluka4 ,at ,el ,dam] ! ,nile receives ! ,atb>a z a "r h& tribut>y4 ,! ,atb>a is a v muddy torr5t f$ by ! ra9s ( nor?-ea/]n ,abyss9ia4 ,x runs = #d mon?s p] annum & is dry = #h mon?s4 ,ris+ )9 a few kilometres ( ,lake ,tsana1 x falls #aejj metres 9 its fir/ #cjj kilometres1 & is !n jo9$ by ! ,salaama1 &1 #ajj kilometres l[] d[n1 by ! ,settit riv]4 ,aft] ! junction ) ! ,settit1 ! ,atb>a fl[s = #dhj kilometres & jo9s ! ,nile at ,el ,dam]1 contribut+ a fair quantity ( wat] & a v consid]able quantity ( ,nile mud to ! riv]4 ,f ! ,atb>a junction to ! sea1 ! ,nile has a c\rse ( #b1gjj kilometres4 ,9 its fir/ l5g? ( #adhj kilometres to ,assun x trav]ses ! #e? & #d? cat>acts betwe5 ,b]b] & ,dongola1 ! #crd & #bnd cat>acts betwe5 ,dongola & ,wady ,halfa1 & ! #a/ cat>act at ,assun4 ,all ^! cat>acts are navigable 9 flood1 b n s 9 summ]4 ,f ,assun to ! ,b>rage at ! head ( ! ,delta nor? ( ,cairo1 ! ,nile has a l5g? ( #igj kilometres & trav]ses ,egypt )\t a cat>act or int]ruption ( any k9d4 ,at ! ,b>rage1 ! ,nile divides into ! ,rosetta & ,damietta bran*es1 & aft] a fur!r c\rse ( ab\t #bdj kilometres 9 ei!r bran*1 fl[s into ! ,m$it]ranean sea4 ,its greate/ l5g? f ! s\rces ( ! ,kag]a riv] to ! sea is #fcej kilometres1 con/itut+ x "o ( ! longe/ riv]s 9 ! _w4 #d4 ,! ,slopes & velocities ( ! ,nile 9 its diff]5t rea*es4--,table #b ( ,app5dix ,b & ,plate ,,ii comprise all ! in=mation available "u ?is head :i* ,i h be5 able to collect4 ,= ! slopes ,i h adopt$ ! foll[+ data3 ,r4 ,l4 ( ,lake ,victoria #aabi metres above mean sea ,f[]a #ajfj ,lake ,alb]t #fhj ,kh>t\m 7flood7 #chi ,f ,kh>t\m to ,wady ,halfa ,i h adopt$ ! g5]ally accept$ levels ( ! orig9al ,s\dan railway survey4 ,f ,wady ,halfa to ! sea ,i h levell$ myself4 ,up/ream & d[n/ream f ! adopt$ levels ,i h c>ri$ ! levels by ! aid ( slopes calculat$ f velocity & hydraulic mean dep? data4 ,x seems to me absurd to adopt a level = ,lake ,*oga #ej metres above t = ,f[]a1 & !n to add1 t 9 ! #adj kilometres betwe5 ! two places ! ,victoria ,nile has a g5tle slope1 wide b$ & g5tle velocity4 ,by a /range fatality1 ?is v error has crept into ! figures "u ,lake ,*oga on ,plate ,,ii4 ,! error is not$ 9 ! corrig5da atta*$ to ! ,plate4 ,! ,section is drawn correctly b ^! wrong figures h be5 int]polat$ by an ov]sight4 ,! ,victoria ,nile ,falls #dej metres 9 #djj kilometres1 b has f\r rea*es2 ! fir/ 1 ! second 1 ! ?ird pa/ ! ,mur*ison ,falls1 & ! f\r? 4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile falls #bgg metres 9 #abij kilometres4 ,! fir/ rea* pa/ ,wadelai has a slope ( 1 ! second ov] ! ,fola & foll[+ cat>acts has a slope ( 1 ! ?ird 1 ! f\r? 1 ! fif? 1 & ! la/ bel[ lake ,no ( 9 flood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,,erratum4 ,erase ! two figures "u ,lake ,*oga 9 ! 8,height0 column4 ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,nile1 ,,! ,,blue ,,nile1 ,,! ,,:ite ,,nile1 ,,! ,,alb]t ,,nile1 ,,! ,,victoria ,,nile ,,! ,,semliki ,,riv] ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,! ,:ite ,nile falls #ad metres 9 #hdj kilometres & has two slopes 9 flood2 9 its upp] rea*1 & !n 4 ,! ,blue ,nile falls #acgj metres 9 #acgj kilometres1 :i* may r\ghly be divid$ into ?ree rea*es4 ,! fir/ f ,lake ,tsana to ,rosaires on a l5g? ( #gej kilometres 1 ! second ,rosaires to ,s5na> 1 & ! ?ird 4 ,^! are v approximate inde$4 ,! ,atb>a falls #afdj metres 9 #hhj kilometres4 ,9 ! fir/ #cjj kilometres ! slope is 2 9 ! next #cjj kilometres ! slope is 1 & 9 ! la/ rea* ( #bhj kilometres x is 4 ,^! are approximate4 ,! ,ma9 ,nile f ,kh>t\m to ,assuan falls #bie metres 9 #ahaj kilometres2 ! s-call$ six cat>acts occupy #efe kilometres ) a slope ( 2 & ! ord9>y *annel occupies #abde kilometres & has a slope ( 4 ,f ,assun to ! ,b>rage1 on a l5g? ( #igj kilometres1 ! ,nile falls #gf metres ) a mean slope ( 4 ,! ,rosetta & ,damietta bran*es are ea* ab\t #bdj kilometres long & h a slope 9 flood ( 1 & ( 9 extraord9>ily high floods4 ,f ! s\rces ( ! ,kag]a riv] to ! sea1 on a l5g? ( #fcej kilometres1 ! ,nile falls #bjjj metres1 or has a slope ( 4 ,f ,lake ,victoria to ! sea ! l5g? is #eece kilometres & ! fall #aabi metres1 or ! slope is 4 ,table ,,iii ( ,app5dix ,c4 gives ! velocities ( ! riv] 9 flood & l[ supply1 9 metres p] second & kilometres p] day1 & also ! "t occupi$ 9 trav]s+ ! diff]5t rea*es4 ,!re are two breaks4 ,! fir/ is at ,lake ,*oga & ! second is at ,lake ,alb]t4 ,z ! ,victoria ,nile trav]ses ! ea/]n arm ( ! _m-arm$ & peculi> ,lake ,*oga ) a p]ceptible curr5t1 & z1 moreov]1 ! lake is v %all[1 we may give "s figure to ! velocity & make x half t ( ! ,bahr ,gazelle :i* is #bj metres p] second & is consid]$ p]ceptible4 ,) a velocity ( #aj metres p] second or #h kilometres p] day1 ! #hj kilometres ( ! lake w\ld be trav]s$ 9 #aj days4 ,! "t ( trav]se f ,lake ,victoria to ,lake ,alb]t w\ld be #ae days4 ,) ,lake ,alb]t x is v diff]5t4 ,a ref]5ce to ,plate ,v w %[ t x takes ! ,victoria ,nile #e mon?s to fill up ,lake ,alb]t be=e ! ,alb]t ,nile c c>ry (f ! wat]s ( ! ,victoria ,nile1 gauge = gauge4 ,"u ^! conditions x w be wise to /op at ,lake ,alb]t & beg9 a new calculation f ?is lake4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile takes #bb days 9 flood & #be days 9 l[ supply to trav]se ! di/ance f ,lake ,alb]t to ! ,sobat m\?4 ,! ,:ite ,nile takes #ba days 9 flood & #bh days 9 l[ supply to rea* ,kh>t\m4 ,consequ5tly f ,lake ,alb]t to ,kh>t\m we h #dc days 9 flood & #ec days 9 l[ supply4 ,f ,kh>t\m to ,assun ! ,nile takes #aa days 9 flood & #bb days 9 l[ supply1 & consequ5tly f ,lake ,alb]t to ,assun we h #ed days 9 flood & #ge days 9 l[ supply4 ,f ,assun to ,cairo we h #f days 9 flood & #ab days 9 l[ supply4 ,table ,,iii is v int]e/+ & well wor? /udy4 ,?r\gh ! ,sudd region we h a velocity ( #f metres p] second1 b only ( #ce metres p] second 9 ! ,:ite ,nile4 ,9 ,egypt ! ,nile 9 flood has a velocity ( #age metres p] second1 & 9 l[ supply ( #he metres p] second4 #e4 ,cat*m5t bas9s ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies4--,table ,i1 ( ,app5dix ,a gives ! areas ( ! cat*m5t bas9s ( ! ,nile4 ,! total area accord+ to ! table is #c1jjg1jjj squ>e kilometres4 ,! limits ( ! bas9 are depict$ on ,plate ,i1 &1 ) r>e exceptions1 !y are n[ fairly well kn[n ev]y:]e4 ,nor? ( ! #bj? p>allel ( latitude ! wat]%$ on ! we/ ( ! ,nile is n f> remov$ f ! edge ( ! plateau skirt+ ! ,nile valley4 ,! plateau falls away to ! we/1 & occasional rav9es f9d _! way to ! ,nile d[n ! rev]se slope4 ,on ! ea/ ( ! ,nile ! cre/ ( ! hills skirt+ ! ,r$ sea is ! wat]%$4 ,s\? ( ! #bj? p>allel ( latitude ! ea/]n wat]%$ foll[s ! cre/ ( ! hills on ! we/ ( ! ,r$ sea z f> z ,suak94 ,s\? ( ,suak9 ! wat]%$ leaves ! ,r$ sea1 to all[ ! ,khor ,b>raka to fl[ into ?is sea4 ,f ! s\? ea/ ( ,kassala1 r\nd by ,addis ,ababa1 ! wat]%$ foll[s ! cre/ ( ! high hills =m+ ! ea/]n backbone ( ,abyss9ia1 & divid+ ! wat]s ( ! ,nile f ^? fl[+ into ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,s\? we/ ( ,abyss9ia ! wat]%$ travels 9 a s\?-we/]ly direction to ! ea/ ( ,gondokoro1 & divides ! ,sobat f ! riv]s dra9+ into ,lake ,rudolf4 ,! wat]%$ !n moves due s\? to ! we/]n esc>pm5t ea/ ( ,lake ,victoria4 ,m\nts ,k5ia & ,kilmanj>o are n )9 ! bas9 ( ! ,nile4 ,sweep+ 9 a r\gh curve r\nd ,lake ,victoria & ne>ly t\*+ ,lake ,tangangyika 9 #d s\? latitude1 ! wat]%$ keeps close to ! we/]n %ores ( ,lakes ,edw>d & ,alb]t to ne>ly opposite ,wadelai4 ,all ! slopes ( ! ,ru5zori m\nta9s dra9 into ! ,nile4 ,f ne> ,wadelai ! wat]%$ moves 9 a nor?-we/]ly direction along ! hills divid+ ! wat]s ( ! tribut>ies ( ! ,gazelle riv] f ! ,welle4 ,due we/ ( ! ,sudd region ! wat]%$ has rea*$ its mo/ we/]ly position & f !re turns nor?w>ds along ! ,m>rah hills 9 ,d>fur1 divid+ ! scanty wat]s ( ! ,bahr-el-,arab & its tribut>ies f ! riv]s dra9+ into ,lake ,*ad4 ,f ! ,m>rah hills ! wat]%$ travels 9 a nor?-ea/]ly direction to a po9t close to ! ,nile on ! #bj? p>allel ( latitude ne> ,hannek4 ,( ! l&s enclos$ )9 ?is wat]%$1 all t are dra9$ directly into ! ,ma9 ,nile are des]t4 ,!re are occasional %[]s1 & "s ( ! valleys & rav9es c>ry wat] = a few h\rs e ye>1 o!rs e second1 ?ird or f\r? ye>1 b !y contribute practically no?+ to ! volume ( ! ,nile4 ,! ra9s g5]ally come 9 ! w9t] :5 ! ,nile is fall+ e day1 & ! /eady fall ( ! ,nile is nev] arre/$ by ! wat]s ( any or all ( ^! wat]c\rses4 ,! c\ntry we/ ( ! ,:ite ,nile pa/ ,kord(an & ,d>fur to ! ,m>rah hills is /eppe l& produc+ scanty grasses & =e/s ( l[ accacias 9 ! s\?1 & ris+ to a g5]al height ( ab\t #fjj metres at ! ,m>rah hills4 ,! l&s dra9$ by ! ,gazelle riv] & ! ,alb]t ,nile nor? ( ,gondokoro are flat pla9s or swamps 9 ! nor? & ea/1 & wood$ & brok5 gr\nd 9 ! we/ & s\?-we/1 :]e ! tribut>ies ( ! ,gazelle riv] rise 9 ! ,blue m\nta9s at a g5]al height ( #aejj metres4 ,! upp] wat]s ( ! ,sobat & its tribut>ies dra9 ! well wood$ & cultivat$ m\nta9 masses ( ,gallal& & !n trav]se ! m>%es & flat l&s :i* lie ea/ ( ! ,sudd region4 ,! ,blue ,nile & its upp] tribut>ies dra9 ! *oice/ portions ( ! high ,abyss9ian m\nta9 plateau ly+ ov] #bjjj metres above sea level1 & ris+ 9 places to #bejj metres & upw>ds4 ,! l[] c\rses ( ! ,blue ,nile1 ! ,rahad & ! ,d9d] are ?r\gh ! black cotton soil pla9s ( ! ea/]n ,sudan1 :i* are ei!r wood$ or cov]$ ) d5se grass 9 ! s\?4 ,! ,atb>a & its tribut>ies 9 _! upp] c\rses dra9 ! nor!rn slopes ( ! ,abyss9ian plateau1 & trav]se ! level pla9s ( ! ea/]n ,sudan 9 a direction p>allel to ! ,blue ,nile4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile & its tribut>ies betwe5 ,gondokoro & ,lake ,alb]t trav]se ! brok5 & hilly c\ntry :i* is cut ?r\gh by ! ,alb]t ,nile at ! ,fola & succe$+ rapids4 ,! cat*m5t bas9s ( ,lakes ,victoria & ,alb]t are ! undulat+ hills1 ! flat m>%y valleys1 ! great lakes &1 9 p>ts1 high hills :i* con/itute ! highl&s ( ,c5tral ,africa4 ,! g5]al level ( ! area may be tak5 z #adjj metres above sea level4 ,! area dra9+ into ,lake ,victoria is #bdj1jjj squ>e kilometres4 ,at ! outlet ( ,lake ,alb]t ?is has increas$ to #chj1jjj1 & at ,gondokoro to #dgj1jjj4 ,! ,gazelle riv] dra9s #dgj1jjj squ>e kilometres1 & ! ,sobat #afj1jjj4 ,! ,:ite ,nile dra9s altoge!r #a1fij1jjj squ>e kilometres1 or m ?an half ! total area ( ! cat*m5t bas9 ( ! ,nile4 ,! ,blue ,nile dra9s #cjj1jjj squ>e kilometres & ! ,atb>a #bdj1jjj4 ,! ,nile bel[ ! ,atb>a junction is dra9+ #b1bij1jjj squ>e kilometres4 ,betwe5 ! ,atb>a m\? & ! sea1 ! ,nile dra9s :atev] falls on a des]t area ( #gbj1jjj squ>e kilometres4 ,if we take #c1jjj cubic metres p] second z ! av]age annual fl[ pa/ ,assun we may say t ! ,:ite ,nile supplies #bd (f m ?an half ! area ( ! :ole bas91 ! ,blue ,nile #fe (f ! area1 & ! ,atb>a #aa (f ! area4 ,! ,gazelle riv] dra9s ab\t ! total area & adds practically no?+ to ! dis*>ge4 ,table #bd %\ld be v c>efully /udi$ by any man :o wants to und]/& ! ,nile4 ,x does n pret5d to exactitude1 b embodies ! be/ in=mation ,i h be5 able to obta94 #f4 ,! climate ( ! ,nile valley4--,?is p>agraph w\ld h be5 mu* m complete if ,capt4 ,lyons' monograph on ! ,meteorology ( ! ,nile valley _h be5 publi%$4 ,9 consid]+ ! climate ,i %all foll[ ! subdivisions ( ! cat*m5t bas9 ( ! ,nile conta9$ 9 ,table ,i4 ,9 ! cat*m5t bas9s ( ,lakes ,victoria & ,alb]t1 ! mean annual ra9fall may be tak5 z #a4be metres1 ) great fluctuations betwe5 good & bad ye>s4 ,neglect+ "h & ?r\gh ?is p>agraph1 ! light occasional falls ( ra9 :i* are try+ to travell]s b :i* h no effect on ! riv]s1 x may be said t 9 ^! bas9s !re are two ra9y seasons1 ! great] 9 ,m>*1 ,april & ,may1 & ! less] 9 ,octob]1 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,! =m] are foll[$ by dry s\!rn w9ds1 :ile nor? w9ds bl[ 9 ! w9t]4 ,along ! :ole ( ! ,alb]t ,nile1 ! mean annual ra9fall may be tak5 z #a metre1 ) sev]e fam9es 9 occasional ye>s & heavy ra9fall 9 o!rs4 ,! pr9cipal ra9s are betwe5 ,may & ,novemb]1 ) ! maximum betwe5 ,augu/ #ae & ,septemb] #ae4 ,9 ye>s ( defici5t ra9fall1 ! ,june1 ,july & ,augu/ ra9s seem to fail4 ,! cat*m5t bas9 ( ! ,gazelle riv] may be cr$it$ ) a mean annual ra9fall ( #ge c5timetres betwe5 ,may & ,octob]1 :ile ! mean annual ra9fall on ! ,arab riv] _c be m ?an #cj c5timetres betwe5 ,june & ,septemb]4 ,! ,sobat riv] 9 its upp] rea*es enjoys an annual ra9fall ( ab\t #a4be metres & ( #ge metres 9 its l[] rea*es4 ,! "t ( ra9 is betwe5 ,m>* & ,septemb]4 ,! l&s dra9+ into ! ,:ite ,nile nor? ( ,tewfikieh h an annual ra9fall ( ab\t #bj c5timetres betwe5 ,june & ,septemb]4 ,! ,abyss9ian "p ( ! cat*m5t bas9 ( ! ,blue ,nile enjoys a good ra9fall ?r\gh\t n9e mon?s ( ! ye> f ,febru>y to ,octob]1 ) g5]ally heavy ra9 betwe5 ,may & ,septemb]1 & v occasionally 9 ,octob]4 ,! ra9fall "h may be tak5 z #a4be metres p] annum4 ,9 ! pla9s ( ! ea/]n ,sudan trav]s$ by ! l[] rea*es ( ! ,blue ,nile & ! ,atb>a ! ra9fall is v mu* light] & may be consid]$ z #cj c5timetres betwe5 ,july & ,septemb]2 fairly con/ant & heavi] 9 ! s\?1 & v incon/ant & light] 9 ! nor?4 ,! ,atb>a & its tribut>ies 9 _! upp] rea*es on ! nor!rn slopes ( ,abyss9ia1 h ra9 f ,may to ! end ( ,augu/ & occasionally into ,septemb]4 ,!re are great fluctuations 9 ! ra9fall4 ,! mean annual ra9fall may be tak5 z #ge c5timetres4 ,! des]t area betwe5 ,kh>t\m & ,cairo has occasional w9t] ra9s especially 9 ! p>ts ne> ! ,r$ sea1 b z ^! ra9s are ne>ly all soak$ up by ! des]t1 & v little1 "h & !re1 rea*es ! ,nile1 we may neglect !m altoge!r4 ,railways h to be provid$ ) culv]ts & bridges :]e !y cross ! t]m9al rea*es ( ! khors & wadis :i* run consid]able bodies ( wat] = a few h\rs aft] ra92 b ! effect on ! ,nile is practically no?+4 ,along ! sea-bo>d ( ! ,m$it]ranean !re are a few in*es ( ra9 e w9t]1 suffici5t z a rule to raise poor crops ( b>ley4 ,9 ! cat*m5t bas9s ( ,lakes ,victoria & ,alb]t ! direction ( ! w9ds may be tak5 z nor?-ea/ 9 w9t] & s\?-ea/ 9 summ]4 ,! maximum mon?ly temp]ature may be tak5 z #ce & ! m9imum z #ab1 ) a mean = ! ye> ( #ba4 ,along ! ,alb]t ,nile ! nor? w9d bl[s ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & s\!rly w9ds prevail f ab\t ! #ae? ( ,april to ,octob]4 ,! temp]ature may be tak5 z rang+ f a mon?ly maximum ( #ch to a mon?ly m9imum ( #af1 ) a mean ( #bg4 ,tables #ge to #ha give ! pr9cipal meteorological data = _m places 9 ! ,nile valley & comp>e ! ,bombay ra9fall ) ! ,assun gauges4 ,! latt] %[ h[ closely ! ,assun gauge 9 flood foll[s ! ra9fall at ,bombay4 ,at ,addis ,ababa 9 ! highl&s ( ,abyss9ia1 ! mean mon?ly temp]ature ranges betwe5 #ai & #ae1 ) a mean ( #ag4 ,! w9ds are s\?-ea/ & ea/ ?r\gh ! ye>4 ,9 #aijb ! ra9fall 0 #ihj millimetres1 & 9 #aijc x 0 #acdj millimetres4 7,table #ge74 ,at ,wad ,m$ani 9 ! ,grezireh s\? ( ,kh>t\m1 ! mean mon?ly temp]ature ranges betwe5 #ce & #bd1 ) a mean ( #cj4 ,! w9ds f ,octob] to ,april are f ! nor? & f ,may to ,septemb] f ! s\?4 ,9 #aijb !re 7 #cej millimetres ( ra9 & 9 #aijc !re 7 #caj4 7,table #gf74 ,at ,kh>t\m ! mean mon?ly temp]ature ranges betwe5 #cd & #ai1 ) a mean ( #bh4 ,! w9ds f ,octob] to ,april are f ! nor? & f ,may to ,septemb] f ! s\?4 ,9 #aijb !re 7 #abj millimetres ( ra9 & 9 #aijc !re 7 #gj4 7,table #gg74 ,= ,alex&ria1 ,cairo & ,assun1 repres5t+ ! ,nile valley 9 ,egypt1 ,i h prep>$ ! foll[+ table3-- ,,alex&ria ,,cairo ,,assuan ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,mon? ,,!rmomet] ,ra9- ,,!rmomet] ,ra9- ,,!rmomet] ,ra9- ,c5tigrade4 fall4 ,c5tigrade4 fall4 ,c5tigrade4 fall4 ------------ ------------ ------------ ,max4,m94,mean ,max4,m94,mean ,max4,m94,mean ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,mill4 ,,mill4 ,,mill4 ,janu>y #bej #edbda #ed #bff-jgabd #f #cbe #djadh 44 ,febru>y #big #fbadh #bb #cec #abadb #c #cgj #ejbbj 44 ,m>* #cgj #eeafa #ag #dab #cbafi #e #dbj #hjbdc 44 ,april #chiaajahe #b #dbf #egbji #b #dffaajbgc 44 ,may #chiaccbac #ac #ddb #ijbdd #b #dfjagjbif 44 ,june #cidachbdj 44 #debacgbgc 44 #dgjbjjcdb 44 ,july #cgjbjebfa 44 #ddcagdbhe 44 #dfjbcjccf 44 ,augu/ #cejbjcbff 44 #dafafebgg 44 #dfjbajcea 44 ,septemb]#djjahgbef 44 #djfadjbec 44 #dgjagjcaj 44 ,octob] #cghaejbcg #i #dbaababcb #a #dbjahjbhg 44 ,novemb] #cbbajhbjj #ch #ccf #ceaha #f #djjaajbca 44 ,decemb] #bhi #fhafj #hj #bid #acadd #f #cdj #fjaij 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,ye> #djj #eebjf #bce #deb-jgbaa #ca #dgj #djbfi #j ,f ! above table we may conclude t at ,alex&ria1 ,cairo & ,assun ! absolute maximum !rmomet]s may be tak5 z #dj1 #de & #dg ,c5tigrade2 or #ajd1 #aac1 #aaf1 ,f>5heit4 ,! m9imum !rmomet]s z #ee1 -#jg1 #dj ,c5tigrade2 or #db1 #ca1 #ci ,f>5heit4 ,! ra9fall at ,alex&ria1 ,cairo & ,assun respectively may be tak5 z #bce1 #ca1 & #j millimetres2 or #i1 #a1 & #j in*es4 ,! heavie/ ra9fall 9 any individual ye> at ,alex&ria & ,cairo respectively has be5 #cjh & #ee millimetres2 or #ab & #b in*es4 ,! lighte/ ra9fall at ,alex&ria & ,cairo respectively 9 any individual ye> has be5 #ajh & #g millimetres2 or #d & in*es4 ,assun is practically ra9less4 ,x does ra9 sometimes at ,assun1 b !re has be5 no ra9 dur+ ! la/ ?ree ye>s :ile meteorological obs]vations h be5 tak54 #g4 ,! ,geology ( ! ,nile ,valley4--,s\? ( ,gondokoro along ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,niles1 & at ! lakes1 ! rocks are g5]ally granites1 cry/all9e s*i/s & qu>tzites4 ,! hills ( ,ug&a are cov]$ ) r$ clay & m>l on ! high] l&s1 :ile ! valleys consi/ ( a ri* black loam4 ,all ! cat>acts are granites & granitic rocks or diorites4 ,! ,ru5zori range consi/s ( l(ty volcanoes4 ,! surface ( ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) a f9e ,kank> 7nodulat$ lime/one7 9 _m places4 ,nor? ( ,gondokoro ! pla9s are =m$ ( s&y deposits mix$ ) co>se peat 9 places4 ,! hills ( ! ,bahr-el-,gazelle & ,arab riv] are all cry/all9e4 ,abyss9ia is a volcanic plateau4 ,x is ! detritus ( ?is ri* volcanic soil swept d[n by ! ,blue ,nile & ,atb>a :i* con/itutes ! ri*ness ( ! soil ( ,egypt & ( ! wat] ( ! ,nile4 ,^? p>ts ( ! ea/]n ,sudan s\? ( ,kh>t\m & ,el-,dam] & at ,kassala1 :i* are ! deltas ( ! ,blue ,nile1 ! ,d9d]1 ! ,rahad1 ! ,atb>a1 & ! ,ga%1 are possess$ ( a soil 9 e s5se simil> to t ( ,egypt itself4 ,at ,kh>t\m & 9 ! b$ ( ! ,blue ,nile at ,kaml9 are ext5sive deposits ( nodul> lime/one correspond+ to ! ,kank>s ( ,india4 ,! ma9 ,nile f ,kh>t\m to ,assun fl[s betwe5 l[ hills & tables ( ,nubian s&/one ov]ly+ cry/all9e rocks ( gneiss1 mica s*i/s1 hornbl5dic granite & r$ granite4 ,:]e ! cry/all9e rocks come to ! surface we h cat>acts2 :]e ! ,nubian s&/one is at ! surface we h rea*es ( unbrok5 wat]4 ,f ,assun#d to ne> ,edfu ! ,nile fl[s betwe5 hills ( ,nubian s&/one1 ! be/ kn[n ( :i* is ,gebel ,silsila4 ,f ,edfu to ne> ,luxor1 ! ,nubian s&/one :i* ov]lies ! cry/all9e rocks dips "u ! ,nile & its place along ! ,nile ,valley is tak5 by gre5 & grey clays conta9+ nitrate & phosphate deposits4 ,! =m] are inexhau/ible & h con/itut$ ! manure ( ?is "p ( ! valley = ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,) ^! deposits are ?ick banks ( s(t :ite lime/one4 #d ,cond5s$ f a description ( ! geology ( ! ,nile ,valley 9 ,egypt writt5 by ,capt4 ,lyons = ! second edition ( 8,egyptian ,irrigation04 ,f ,luxor nor?w>ds ! clays dip "u ! ,nile & ! ,nile ,valley is b\nd$ by ! sup]pos$ :ite eoc5e lime/one up to ,cairo4 ,! ,nubian s&/one is always s(t & por\s4 ,! lime/one is g5]ally s(t1 ?\gh h>d silice\s b$s are sometimes met )4 ,nor? ( ,cairo !re is no build+ /one ( any value except ! silice\s s&/one ( ,gebel ,ahm> ne> ,cairo & ! basalt ( ,abu ,zabel1 a rec5t outcrop furni%+ a black rock ( great durability4 ,! area cov]$ by ?is rock is small4 ,?ick deposits ( s& & gravel und]lie ! ,nile mud deposits ( ! ,nile ,valley4 ,all along ! ,nile1 b especially s\? ( ,luxor1 riv] deposits ( d>k s&y mud exi/ on ei!r side ( ! ,nile ,valley consid]ably above ! level ( ! deposit ( to-day4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ^! is ! pla9 ( ,kom ,ombos4 ,! ?ickness ( ! lay] ( ,nile mud 9 ! valley is z mu* z #ah metres 9 places1 b ! av]age dep? is1 ,i %\ld say1 #aj metres4 #h4 ,! dis*>ges ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies4--,ref]5ce %\ld be made to tables #bd & #be :i* embody ! results ( an exhau/ive exam9ation ( ! obs]v$ dis*>ges1 ! cross sections1 ! gauges ( ! ,nile ,valley1 & ! calculat$ dis*>ge tables made = ^! gauges4 ,_m ( ^! tables are f\nd$ on only two or ?ree dis*>ges & "s on only "o1 b !y h be5 prep>$ ) ! greate/ c>e & ref]r$ to all ! exi/+ gauge obs]vations1 & are good work+ tables1 :i* c be modifi$ & improv$ z "t places m in=mation at our disposal4 ,until !n !y may be us$ z ab\t ! be/ approximations available to-day4 ,9 #aijb ! ,alb]t ,nile dis*>g$ #fjj cubic metres p] second z aga9/ #ebj dis*>g$ by ! ,victoria ,nile4 ,9 #aijc ! ,victoria ,nile dis*>g$ #gcj cubic metres p] second & ! ,alb]t ,nile #hjj4 ,leav+ a poor ye> l #aijb :i* 0 mu* bel[ ! av]age1 & tak+ #aijc :i* 0 all r\nd a good av]age ye> & only slightly bel[ ! mean1 we h ! foll[+ results3-- ,! ,victoria ,nile 0 at its highe/ 9 ,july ) #hdj cubic metres p] second1 :ile ! ,alb]t ,nile at its head 0 at its highe/ 9 ,decemb] ) #a1jfj cubic metres p] second4 ,lake ,alb]t took #e mon?s to fill up4 ,at ,gondokoro ! ,alb]t ,nile 0 at its l[e/ 9 ,april :5 x dis*>g$ #gjj cubic metres p] second z aga9/ #eej cubic metres 9 ! previ\s ye>4 ,swoll5 by timely & good ra9s s\? ( ,gondokoro ! dis*>ge at ,gondokoro rose to #b1ajj cubic metres p] second 9 ,septemb] aft] ! riv] _h sc\r$ out its b$ ov] a metre 9 dep?4 ,! mean dis*>ge = ! ye> at ,gondokoro 0 #a1bjj cubic metres p] second4 ,! ,gazelle riv] gave no dis*>ge 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ye> & ab\t #cj cubic metres p] second 9 ! latt] half4 ,its mean dis*>ge 0 #aj cubic metres p] second = ! ye>4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile at its tail above ! ,sobat junction gave z a m9imum #cej cubic metres p] second 9 ,m>*1 :i* dis*>ge rose to #dcj cubic metres p] second 9 ,septemb]1 b c\ld n rise high] z ! ,saubat riv] 0 !n 9 flood & ! ,:ite ,nile c\ld n c>ry (f mu* m ?an ! dis*>ge ( ! ,sobat )\t putt+ ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,sudd region "u #b metres ( wat]4 ,?is held back wat] help$ lat] to ma9ta9 ! dis*>ge ( ! ,:ite ,nile 9 ,janu>y & ,febru>y4 ,! ,sobat riv] gave z a m9imum a dis*>ge ( #dj cubic metres p] second 9 ,april1 & !n rose to a maximum 9 ,novemb] ( #a1jhj cubic metres p] second4 ,at its tail1 ! ,alb]t ,nile gave a mean dis*>ge = ! ye> ( #cij cubic metres p] second & ! ,sobat ( #eej4 ,! ,:ite ,nile at its head 0 at its l[e/ 9 ,april ) #djj cubic metres p] second & at its highe/ 9 ,decemb] ) #a1dfj cubic metres p] second1 ) a mean dis*>ge ( #idj cubic metres p] second4 ,at its tail ne> ,kh>t\m ! ,:ite ,nile 0 at its l[e/ 9 ,may ) #dbj cubic metres p] second & at its highe/ 9 ,octob] ) ab\t #a1gjj cubic metres p] second4 ,z ?is latt] figure 0 ab\t #djj cubic metres p] second m ?an x 0 receiv+ at its head1 ! additional wat] repres5t$ ,blue ,nile wat] :i* _h run up ! valley ( ! ,:ite ,nile1 be5 /or$ !re :ile ! ,blue ,nile 0 high & !n be5 dis*>g$ into ! ,ma9 ,nile :5 ! ,blue ,nile _h fall54 ,! mean dis*>ge at ! tail ( ! ,:ite ,nile 0 #hcj cubic metres p] second4 ,?is figure 0 mu* bel[ t at ! head & 0 due to ! fact t 9 ,july1 ,augu/ & ,septemb] ! ,blue ,nile wat] 0 fl[+ up ! ,:ite ,nile4 ,! ,blue ,nile 0 at its l[e/ 9 ,april :5 x 0 dis*>g+ #abj cubic metres p] second4 ,dur+ its maximum 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb] x 0 dis*>g+ #h1bjj cubic metres p] second4 ,( ! dis*>ge ( ! ,blue ,nile 9 ,july1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 a consid]able "p fl[$ up ! ,:ite ,nile :i* "h has a slope ( & a b$ f #c1jjj to #a1ejj metres wide4 ,x is = ^! reasons t ! ,blue ,nile wat] does n hurry on to ,assun 9 its full /r5g?4 ,! mean dis*>ge ( ! ,blue ,nile = ! ye> 0 #b1cej cubic metres p] second4 ,gauges & dis*>ge tables at ,kaml9 on ! ,blue ,nile1 & nor? ( ,omdurman on ! ,ma9 ,nile1 w\ld be v mu* bett] ?an ! ,kh>t\m or ,duem gauges ( to-day :i* are bo? 9 back wat]s4 ,! ,atb>a riv] 0 dry f ,janu>y to ,may1 9 ,june ! dis*>ge 0 #bjj cubic metres p] second1 ris+ to #b1cjj cubic metres p] second 9 ,augu/4 ,9 ,octob]1 ,novemb] & ,decemb] x 0 dry4 ,! mean dis*>ge = ! ye> 0 #chj cubic metres p] second4 ,:5 ! ,atb>a riv] rises 9 flood x _c fl[ d[n ! ,nile to ,egypt 9 its /r5g? until x has fill$ up ! tr\gh ( ! ,nile z f> z ! #f? ,cat>act4 ,gauges up & d[n /ream ( ! #f? ,cat>act & at ,%5dy w\ld be int]e/+ :5 comp>$ ) ,b]b]4 ,! m9imum comb9$ dis*>ges ( ! ,:ite ,nile1 ,blue ,nile & ,atb>a riv] 7 #edj cubic metres p] second 9 ,april4 ,! maximum comb9$ dis*>ges ( #aj1ijj cubic metres p] second 7 9 ,augu/4 ,! mean comb9$ dis*>ges = ! ye> 7 #c1efj cubic metres p] second4 ,! m9imum dis*>ge ( ! ma9 ,nile above ,assun 0 #ddj cubic metres p] second 9 ,may & ! maximum ( #h1fjj cubic metres p] second 0 9 ,septemb]4 ,! mean dis*>ge = ! ye> 0 #b1fej cubic metres p] second4 ,table #be gives ! actual daily m9imum & maximum dis*>ges dur+ #aijb & #aijc = ea* /ream1 ) _! dates4 ,= ! ,blue ,nile 9 #aijc !y 7 #ajj & #i1fjj cubic metres p] second2 = ! ,:ite ,nile #chj & #a1dgj2 = ! ,atb>a #j & #c1ajj2 & = ! ,nile above ,assun #dbj & #i1jjj cubic metres p] second4 ,table #bf comp>es ! dis*>ges = a maximum ye> l #ahgh1 a m9imum ye> l #ahgg1 & a mean ye>1 at ,kh>t\m1 ,assun & ,cairo4 ,! maximum dis*>ges 9 #ahgg 7 #e1cjj1 #e1ijj & #d1djj cubic metres p] second1 at ,kh>t\m1 ,assun & ,cairo4 ,9 #ahgh !y 7 #ab1ejj1 #ab1ajj & #aj1cjj cubic metres p] second respectively1 :ile = a mean ye> !y are #h1ejj1 #i1bjj & #g1bjj cubic metres p] second4 ,! modulus ( ! riv] at ,assun is #c1jdj cubic metres p] second1 & at ,cairo #b1fdj4 ,aft] ! v high flood ( #ahgh1 ! l[e/ dis*>ge 9 ,may #ahgi at ,assun 0 #a1ejj cubic metres p] second4 ,! behavi\r ( ! ,nile aft] pass+ ,assun & ent]+ ,egypt may be describ$ z foll[s3--( ! mean dis*>ge ( #c1jdj cubic metres p] second :i* passes ,assun #djj cubic metres p] second are utilis$ 9 ,upp] ,egypt 9 ! irrigation ( #b1cbj1jjj acres & #b1fdj cubic metres p] second pass ,cairo4 ,( ^! aga9 #edj cubic metres p] second are utilis$ 9 ! irrigation ( #c1dcj1jjj acres 9 ,l[] ,egypt1 & only #b1ajj cubic metres p] second rea* ! ,m$it]ranean sea4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! tribut>ies ( ! ,nile4 #i4 ,lake ,victoria ,nyanza4--,lake ,victoria1 ! true s\rce ( ! ,nile1 lies on ! ,equator1 & f$ by abundant ra9s & num]\s /reams1 dis*>ges its surplus wat]s ov] ! ,ripon ,falls1 & gives bir? to ! ,victoria ,nile4 ,its mo/ important fe$]1 ! ,kag]a1 ^: s\!rnmo/ tribut>y rises 9 ! ,kangosi hills #bjjj metres above sea level 9 s\? latitude #d1 has a l5g? ( "s #fjj kilometres4 ,! direct l9e across ! lake f ! m\? ( ! ,kag]a to ! ,ripon ,falls is #bbj kilometres1 s t 9 academical language ! l5g? ( ! ,nile at ! ,ripon ,falls is already #hbj kilometres4 ,lake ,victoria lies #aabi metres above sea level1 & has an area ( #fj1jjj squ>e kilometres2 ?\gh until ! p>allels ( longitudes are def9itely settl$1 ! lake may be cr$it$ ) an area ( betwe5 #fj1jjj & #fe1jjj squ>e kilometres1 con/itut+ x ! l>ge/ fre% wat] lake 9 ! old _w4 ,its wat]s are beautifully cle> & p]fectly sweet4 ,! dep? ( ! lake is n great & x is cov]$ ) _m isl&s4 ,! greate/ dep? f\nd by ,comm&] ,:iteh\se 9 ! nor!rn half ( ! lake has be5 #gc metres1 :ile ! bays are %all[4 ,! nor!rn1 s\!rn & ea/]n %ores ( ! lake1 z describ$ by ,sir ,william ,g>/91 are g5]ally cle>1 :ile ! we/]n %ore1 especially at ! m\? ( ! ,kag]a1 is flat1 m>%y & cov]$ ) papyrus4 ,! c\ntry surr\nd+ ! lake is undulat+ or hilly & rises to a height ( #gjj metres above ! lake at ! s\?-ea/ corn]4 ,! rocks are g5]ally granites1 *ry/all9e s*i/s & qu>tzites1 etc4 ,! hills are cov]$ ) r$ clay & m>l on ! high] l&s1 :ile ! valleys consi/ ( a ri* black loam4 ,! cat*m5t bas9 ( ! lake is #bdd1jjj squ>e kilometres ( :i* #fj1jjj are wat]4 ,mo/ ( ! important /reams fe$+ ! lake trav]se ext5sive m>%es & swamps & mu/ lose a great "p ( _! wat]s by evaporation4 ,accord+ to ,capt ,lyons 7,app5dix ,,iii ( ,sir ,william ,g>/9's report71 ! climate ( ! lake bas9 is typically t :i* is kn[n z equatorial2 two ra9y seasons & two dry seasons make up ! ye>1 ! ra9s co9cid+ m or less ) ! equ9oxes & ! dry seasons ) ! sol/ices1 except t ! second m9or ra9s are delay$ ab\t #a to #b mon?s aft] ! autumn equ9ox4 ,z ,capt4 ,lyons hopes soon to publi% a monograph on ! meteorology ( ! ,nile valley1 ,i %all say little ab\t ! details ( ra9fall ( ! diff]5t cat*m5t bas9s1 cont5t+ myself ) broad pr9ciples & ma9 features4 ,m>*1 ,april & ,may =m ! great] ra9y season1 & ,octob]1 ,novemb] & ,decemb] ! less]4 ,! ra9fall ( ! =m] season may be consid]$ twice z heavy z t ( ! latt]1 b x is ! latt] :i* practically decides ! height ( ! lake 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,?is1 accord+ to ,capt4 ,lyons1 is due to ! fact t 9 ! summ] mon?s1 :5 ! ra9belt lies to ! nor? ( ! lake1 ! dry s\? w9ds mu/ bl[ across ! lake bas9 ev5 ?\gh ! diurnal rev]sal ( w9ds on ! lake is n ma/]$ by !m4 ,^! dry w9ds greatly increase ! evaporation1 & !re is a m>k$ dim9ution ( ! wat] betwe5 ,july & ,novemb]1 :i* mu/ be prim>ily due to ! increas$ evaporation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,,ripon ,,falls ,,plan ,,& ,,section ,scale #a 3 #f4jjj ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,victoria ,nile up/ream ( ,ripon ,falls ,! ra9fall 9 ! cat*m5t bas9 may be tak5 z #abej millimetres p] annum on ! av]age4 ,z ! evaporation (f ! lake is probably ! same1 ! area ( ! lake may be left out ( ! cat*m5t altoge!r4 ,! balance ( ! cat*m5t bas9 am\nts to #ahd1jjj squ>e kilometres1 on :i* !re is a mean annual ra9fall ( #bcj cubic kilometres4 ,! mean dis*>ge ( ! ,victoria ,nile ov] ! ,ripon ,falls appe>s to ! approximately #ehj cubic metres p] second or #ah cubic kilometres p] annum4 ,?is repres5ts ab\t ! mean ra9fall4 ,! greate/ dis*>ge ( ! lake seems to be ab\t #hej cubic metres p] second & ! l[e/ #dej4 ,z ! lake has ris5 9 a s+le ye> #hj c5timetres1 :i* repres5ts an increase ( wat] ( #dh cubic kilometres1 & has fall5 #fj c5timetres :i* repres5ts a decrease ( wat] ( #cf cubic kilometres1 x w be se5 t ! dis*>ges f ! lake are factors ( less importance 9 det]m9+ ! level ( ! lake ?an ! heavi] ra9fall & dim9i%$ evaporation 9 a ye> ( good ra91 & ! light] ra9fall & increas$ evaporation 9 a ye> ( poor ra94 ,! great function ( ,lake ,victoria 9 ! economy ( ! ,nile supply is ! insur+ ( a ne>ly con/ant dis*>ge ( wat] into ! ,victoria ,nile1 & provid+ mu* ( ! evaporation :i* comes d[n 9 ! cat*m5t bas9 itself 9 ! %ape ( ra94 ,! pr9cipal fe$]s ( ,lake ,victoria are ! foll[+ /reams3-- on ! nor? 7#a7 ,lukos or ,yala1 7#b7 ! ,nzoia #bej kilometres long1 7#c7 ! ,sio4 on ! ea/ 7#a7 ! ,ny&o1 7#b7 ! ,inyayo1 7#c7 ! ,gori1 7#d7 ! ,m>a ,daba%1 7#e7 ! ,rawana4 on ! s\? 7#a7 ! ,symiya1 7#b7 ! ,moame4 on ! we/ 7#a7 ! ,lohungati1 7#b7 ! ,kag]a1 ) its bran*es ! ,nyav>ongo1 ! ,akany>u & ! ,ruvuvu1 ) a maximum l5g? ( #fjj kilometres & a dis*>ge v>y+ betwe5 #adj & "s #fjj cubic metres p] second4 7#c7 ! ,ruizi ) a l5g? ( #bhj kilometres trav]s+ mu* m>%y gr\nd 9 its c\rse4 & 7#d7 ! ,katonga #bej kilometres long4 ,! nor!rn & we/]n fe$]s are g5]ally p]5nial /reams1 :ile _m ( ! s\!rn & ea/]n are torr5ts4 #aj4 ,! ,victoria ,nile4--,f ! ,ripon ,falls to ,lake ,alb]t1 ! ,victoria ,nile has a l5g? ( #djj kilometres4 ,! fir/ #fd kilometres are d[n a /eep slope1 9 a /ream v>y+ f #cjj to #ejj metres 9 wid?4 ,any project = a regulator at ! ,ripon ,falls %\ld contemplate developm5t ( electricity = work+ a railway along ^! #fd kilometres4 ,! next #bcg kilometres are ?r\gh a flat m>%y l&1 p>tly lake1 p>tly swamps1 b ) ! wat] nev] m ?an #d to #f metres deep4 ,9 ?is rea* ! ,nile is navigable4 ,?is _m-arm$ swamp is kn[n z ,lake ,*oga1 ^: we/]n end is trav]s$ = "s #hj kilometres by ! ,nile ) a p]ceptible curr5t4 ,^! l>ge %eets ( papyrus & wat]1 :i* cov] an area ( ov] #bjjj squ>e kilometres1 mu/ cause z mu* loss by evaporation z !y receive by direct ra9fall4 ,! ,victoria ,nile leaves ! lake 9 a broad /ream "s #ijj metres wide1 pa/ ,mruli /ation1 on to ,f[]a4 ,9 ! longitud9al section on ,plate ,,ii1 ,i h consid]$ ,f[]a z #ajfj metres above sea level1 & ! slope up/ream ( x z 4 ,f ,f[]a to ! foot ( ! ,mur*ison ,falls1 ! ,nile falls #cgg metres on a l5g? ( #fh kilometres1 & !n 9 ! next #cj kilometres rea*es ,lake ,alb]t4 ,consid]able quantities ( float+ pi/ea we$s pass d[n ! ,victoria ,nile f ,lake ,*oga4 ,!y are well *urn$ up betwe5 ,f[]a & ! ,mur*ison ,falls1 b f9ally ent] ,lake ,alb]t4 ,x w\ld be easy to develop electricity to "w a railway along ^! #fh kilometres4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,,cross ,,sections ( ! ,,nile its ,,tribut>ies ,horizontal ,scale #a 3 #b4jjj ,v]tical ,scale #a 3 #fjj ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,no4 #a4 ,victoria ,nile up/ream ( ,ripon falls ,no4 #b4 ,kag]a ,riv] )9 #aj km4 ( m\? ,no4 #c4 ,semliki ,riv] ab\t #ej km4 up/ream ( ,alb]t ,lake ,no4 #d4 ,alb]t ,nile at ,wadelai4 ,no4 #e4 ,asua ,riv] ab\t #b km4 above junction ) ,nile4 ,no4 #f4 ,alb]t ,nile at ,gondokoro4 ,no4 #g4 ,alb]t ,nile at ,mongalla ,no4 #h4 ,alb]t ,nile above ,lake ,n ,no4 #i4 ,bahr el ,ghazal #ea km4 f m\? ,no4 #aj4 ,bahr el ,z]af #bj km4 f m\? ,no4 #aa4 ,alb]t ,nile #d km4 above junction ) ,sobat ,no4 #ab4 ,sobat ,riv] at ,doleib ,hills ,no4 #ac4 ,:ite ,nile #ad km4 bel[ ,taufikia ,! pr9cipal tribut>ies ( ! ,victoria ,nile are ! foll[+3-- ,on ! "r bank1 ! ,gogonia1 ! m>%y ,kwania & ,l5ga1 & ! ,duki4 ,& on ! left bank2 ! lake-l ,s5siwa2 ! ,kafu ) its num]\s fe$]s1 l>ge cat*m5t bas9 b g5]ally insignificant dis*>ge2 & ! ,titi4 ,! ,ug&a riv]s are m l sponges ?an riv]s1 & 9 all probability ! tail ( ! ,victoria ,nile has a dis*>ge only slightly 9 excess ( t at ! head4 #aa4 ,! ,semliki ,riv]4--,! ,semliki riv] has its s\rces 9 ,lake ,edw>d j s\? ( ! ,equator & fl[s into ! s\!rn end ( ,lake ,alb]t1 j z ! ,victoria ,nile fl[s into ! nor!rn end4 ,lake ,edw>d ) ! addition ( ,lake ,du]u has an area ( "s #bejj squ>e kilometres & lies ab\t #ife metres above sea level4 ,its wat]s z describ$ by ,sir ,william ,g>/91 are gre5 9 col\r & bracki%4 ,! ,semliki riv] dis*>ges ! surplus wat]s ( ! lake1 & may be consid]$ z hav+ a dis*>ge ( #ajj cubic metres p] second z a m9imum & #djj cubic metres p] second z a maximum4 ,9 "s #abj kilometres ( its l5g? ?is riv] trav]ses ! ea/]n end ( ! ,congo =e/1 & ! day may n be f> di/ant :5 ?is timb] w be float$ d[n ! ,semliki1 t[$ across ,lake ,alb]t & s5t d[n ! ,alb]t ,nile to ,gondokoro & ,kh>t\m4 ,! fall ( ! ,semliki1 accord+ to accept$ levels is #bhe metres 9 #bfj kilometres4 ,! fe$]s ( ,lake ,edw>d are ! foll[+3-- ,on ! we/1 none4 ,on ! s\?1 ! ,rut%uru & ,ru5du4 ,on ! ea/1 ! ,msalala1 ! ,wampuna1 ! ,*ambura1 & ! ,mpanga :i* has its s\rces on ! slopes ( ,ru5zori4 ,on ! nor?1 num]\s glaci]-f$ torr5ts f ! slopes ( ,ru5zori1 ! ,nyamga%a & ! ,dibirra4 ,! dry season dis*>ges ( all ^! riv]s are small4 ,! l>ge/ is "u #aj cubic metres p] second4 ,! flood dis*>ges are consid]able4 #ab4 ,lake ,alb]t ,nyanza4--,lake ,alb]t has an area ( #dejj squ>e kilometres & lies ab\t #fhj metres above sea level4 ,we h left ! high l&s ( ,ug&a & are 9 ! /ifl+ heat ( tropical ,africa4 ,!re are consid]able deposits ( salt along ! ea/ %ore ( ,lake ,alb]t1 z !re are also ar\nd ,lake ,edw>d4 ,accord+ to ,sir ,william ,g>/91 ! wat]s ( ,lake ,alb]t are bracki% ne> ! %ores1 b p]fectly sweet & cle> 9 ! middle ( ! lake4 ,x is due to ! wat]s ( ,lake ,victoria t ^? ( ,lake ,alb]t are sweet4 ,! cat*m5t bas9 ( ! ,alb]t ,nile at its head :]e x leaves ,lake ,alb]t is ab\t #cgi1jjj squ>e kilometres ( :i* #bdd1jjj squ>e kilometres dis*>ge into ,lake ,victoria4 ,! ra9fall ov] ! additional #ace1jjj squ>e kilometres may be consid]$ z #abej millimetres p] annum1 ) seasons simil> to ^? on ,lake ,victoria4 ,! evaporation f ,lake ,alb]t mu/ be great] ?an t f ,lake ,victoria1 b if we exclude ! jo9t areas ( ,lakes ,victoria1 ,alb]t1 ,edw>d & ,*oga1 & tak+ !m z #gj1jjj squ>e kilometres1 consid] t _! ra9fall is equaliz$ by _! evaporation1 !re rema9s f ! #cgi1jjj squ>e kilometres ( cat*m5t bas9 ab\t #cji1jjj squ>e kilometres4 ,an annual ra9fall ( #abej millimetres means = #cji1jjj squ>e kilometres a total ra9fall ( #chj cubic kilometres4 ,! dis*>ges ( ,lake ,alb]t may be tak5 z v>y+ f #ejj cubic metres p] second to #aajj1 ) a mean ( #hjj cubic metres p] second4 ,?is latt] figure repres5ts 9 "o ye> #bf cubic kilometres or ? ! annual ra9fall4 ,we may comp>e ) ?is ! mean dis*>ge ( ,lake ,victoria ( ab\t #ehj cubic metres p] second & ? ( ! annual ra9fall ( its cat*m5t bas9 exclud+ ! lake area4 ,a ref]5ce to ,plate ,v w %[ h[ great is ! regulat+ effect ( ,lake ,alb]t on ! ,nile4 ,ow+ to ! fact t an increase 9 ! dis*>ge ( ! ,victoria ,nile _c pass d[n ! ,alb]t ,nile be=e ! :ole area ( ,lake ,alb]t has ris51 ! floods ( ! ,victoria ,nile are delay$ ne>ly #e mon?s 9 _! passage d[n ! ,alb]t ,nile2 a rise ( #a metre on ,lake ,alb]t mean+ an increas$ cube ( #d1ejj1jjj1jjj cubic metres4 ,if ?is takes place 9 "o ye>1 x repres5ts an increas$ dis*>ge ( #aej cubic metres p] second irrespective ( :at passes d[n ! *annel ( ,lake ,alb]t4 ,if x 7 consid]$ necess>y to insure #abjj cubic metres p] second z ! dis*>ge ( ! ,alb]t ,nile f ! #ae? ,janu>y to ! #ae? ,may1 x w\ld mean add+ #djj cubic metres p] second to ! mean dis*>ge = #d mon?s1 & d$uct+ #bjj cubic metres p] second f ! mean dis*>ge = ! rema9+ #h mon?s4 ,by /or+ ! surplus wat]s ( good ye>s by means ( a weir capable ( hold+ up #c or #d metres ( wat] at ! outlet ( ! lake1 x w\ld be possible to insure ?is dis*>ge e ye> dur+ ! f\r mon?s :i* decide ! summ] cont+5t ( ! ,:ite ,nile to ! ,nile 9 ,egypt dur+ ! mon?s ( ,april1 ,may1 ,june & ,july4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4 ,,gauge ,,dis*>ge ,,diagram ( ,,lakes ,,victoria ,,alb]t ,luba 7subsequ5tly ,j9ja7 gauge1 ne> ! ,ripon ,falls1 repres5ts ,lake ,victoria4 ,wadelai gauge 7#fj km4 bel[ ,lake ,alb]t7 repres5ts ,lake ,alb]t4 ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,! %ores ( ,lake ,alb]t are g5]ally /eep & b>r51 ?\gh 9 places !y are %elv+ & cov]$ ) papyrus1 notably at ! inlets ( ! ,semliki riv] & ! ,victoria ,nile4 ,! ,lake is fairly deep & admirably suit$ = a res]voir4 ,at ! outlet ( ! lake enorm\s quantities ( pi/ea we$s1 especially 9 high floods1 ent] ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,! passage ( ^! we$s ?r\gh ! future regulator ( ,lake ,alb]t w be an exce$+ly int]e/+ eng9e]+ problem4 ,! pr9cipal fe$]s ( ! lake are3-- ,on ! nor?1 ! ,victoria ,nile4 ,on ! ea/1 ! ,waiga1 ! ,wakki1 ! ,hoima1 ! ,wahamba1 ! ,horo1 ! ,ngusi & ,msisi1 dis*>g+ betwe5 !m "u #bj cubic metres p] second 9 ! dry season1 ?\gh good /reams 9 flood4 ,on ! s\?1 ! ,semliki2 & no /reams wor? m5tion+ on ! we/4 #ac4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile4--,! ,alb]t ,nile1 or ! ,bahr-el-,gebel1 has a l5g? ( #abhj kilometres f ,lake ,alb]t to ! m\? ( ! ,sobat riv]4 ,= #bah kilometres1 pa/ ,wadelai to ,dufile1 x has a broad /ream ) a sluggi% curr5t z a rule1 & cov]$ ) isl&s & papyrus m>%es4 ,?is rea* ( ! ,nile is navigable4 ,! fall "h mu/ be v little1 & x may be consid]$ z #h metres4 ,9 high floods enorm\s quantities ( pi/ea we$s float d[n ?is rea* ( ! ,nile4 ,papyrus & ambat* are v common along ! %ores & on ! isl&s4 ,at ,dufile beg9 ! ,fola rapids foll[$ by num]\s cat>acts up to ,=t ,b]keley4 ,9 ?is rea* ( #aee kilometres ! riv] falls #bbc metres4 ,sir ,william ,g>/9 /ates t "s ( ! falls h a wid? ( only #ab metres4 ,! dep? mu/ be extraord9>y1 :ile ! velocity is t]rific4 ,! gre5 wat] ( ! upp] rea*es is purifi$ 9 its passage ?r\gh ^! cat>acts4 ,! rock is granite4 ,if ! regulator = ,lake ,alb]t 7 con/ruct$ ne> ,dufile1 x %\ld contemplate developm5t ( electricity = work+ a railway along ^! #aee kilometres4 ,s\? ( ,dufile ! pr9cipal tribut>ies ( ! ,alb]t ,nile are on ! "r bank viz3 ! ,a*ua & ,umi4 ,9 ! dry season !y are dry1 b aft] ra9s !y may add "s #ej cubic metres p] second to ! riv]4 ,betwe5 ,dufile & ,=t ,b]keley _m riv]s fl[ into ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,! ,asua1 ! ,atappi1 ! ,umi1 ! ,k>petu1 ! ,kweh & _m o!rs f ! "r bank br+ d[n wat] 9 flood well lad5 ) s&4 ,9 ! dry season all b ! ,asua are dry4 ,! left bank tribut>ies are num]\s b insignificant4 ,! volume dis*>g$ by ^! /reams 9 ! ra9y season is v consid]able1 z w be se5 if ! dis*>ges at ,gondokoro nor? ( ,=t ,b]keley are comp>$ ) ^? at ,wadelai4 ,!y are betwe5 !m capable ( increas+ ! dis*>ge ( ! ,alb]t ,nile = %ort int]vals ( "t by #aejj cubic metres p] second4 ,all ^! /reams are torr5tial4 ,!y rise & fall quickly4 ,f ,=t ,b]keley to ,kh>t\m1 ! ,alb]t & ,:ite ,niles are navigable4 ,f ,=t ,b]keley to ,bor pa/ ,gondokoro on a l5g? ( #bjf kilometres ! ,alb]t ,nile falls "s #ah metres & has a good velocity & slope1 & ?\gh ! riv] is divid$ into two & m *annels1 x is )9 its banks & may be consid]$ an ord9>y riv]4 ,! maximum dis*>ge is ab\t #bfjj cubic metres p] second & ! m9imum #eej4 ,9 high floods ! riv] sc\rs out its b$ & sides v consid]ably4 ,! real flat l&s beg9 at ,gondokoro a little to ! nor? ( ,=t ,b]keley4 ,! soil is light & s&y & capable ( (f]+ little resi/ance to ! /ream4 ,betwe5 ,gondokoro & ,bor ! ,alb]t ,nile c lose "s #cj p] c5t ( its dis*>ge :5 ! riv] is high & capable ( ov]fl[+ mo/ ( ! isl&s & a great "p ( ! valley4 ,! ma9 *annel has a wid? ( ab\t #bcj metres & dep? ( #c or #d metres :5 ! dis*>ge is bel[ #fjj cubic metres p] second & well )9 banks4 ,! ma9 tribut>ies ( ! ,alb]t ,nile 9 ?is rea* are on ! ea/ bank1 ! ,kit1 second only to ! ,asua1 & ! ,lokad]o2 & on ! we/ bank a numb] ( unimportant torr5ts :i* h[ev] help to swell ! riv] 9 flood4 ,f ,bor to ,ghaba ,%ambe on a l5g? ( #aif kilometres1 ! ma9 /ream ( ! ,alb]t ,nile fl[s betwe5 banks l[] ?an ^? fur!r s\? & m heavily inundat$ 9 flood1 ) a wid? ( "s #fj metres & dep? ( wat] ( #e metres4 ,accord+ to ,sir ,william ,g>/91 ! grass swamps end half way d[n ?is rea* & ! papyrus swamps beg94 ,ab\t #aj kilometres to ! ea/ ( ! ma9 /ream is ano!r bran* kn[n z ! ,atem riv] f$ by artificially ma9ta9$ & natural spills f ! ma9 /ream itself4 ,^! spills are kept op5 by ! ,d9kas liv+ along ! ,atem riv]4 ,!y 7 not$ by ,w]ne 9 #ahdb4 ,! ,atem riv] at its tail app>5tly divides into two bran*es1 ( :i* "o fe$s ! ,z]af riv] & ! o!r returns to ! ,nile at ,ghaba ,%ambe4 ,capt4 ,lyons has po9t$ out to me t all ?is c\rse ( ! riv] is extraord9>ily l ! c\rse ( ! ,mississippi s\? ( ,vicksburg1 ) its sev]e curves & oxr+s :i* correspond to ! mayahs ( ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,su* mayahs or lagoons c be se5 9 ! la/ #bj kilometres ( ! ,rosetta bran* ( ! ,nile4 ,plac$ z !y are betwe5 ,bor & ,ghaba ,%ambe1 !y mean t :ile s\? ( ,bor1 ! ,alb]t ,nile has m or less =m$ its delta2 nor? ( ,bor1 ! delta is 9 a m embryonic /age1 ) probably ! ,atem riv] ! m anci5t ( ! two /reams4 ,nor? ( ,ghaba ,%ambe1 ! ,z]af riv] leaves ! ,alb]t ,nile1 & f$ by ! ,atem ,nile1 takes (f its wat] ea/w>ds ?r\gh m>% & swamp to aga9 tail into ! ,alb]t ,nile bel[ ,lake ,no4 ,ab\t #cj kilometres fur!r nor? is ! cut made by ,sir ,samuel ,bak] to enable him to ent] ! ,alb]t ,nile f ! ,z]af riv]4 ,! real ,sudd region lies betwe5 ,ghaba ,%ambe & ,lake ,no1 on a l5g? ( #chj kilometres4 ,betwe5 ,=t ,b]keley & ,gondokoro1 ! flood z well z ! summ] supplies are )9 banks4 ,betwe5 ,gondokoro & ,bor1 ! summ] supply is well )9 banks1 b ! floods ov]fl[ ! valley4 ,betwe5 ,bor & ,ghaba ,%ambe ! summ] supply is j )9 banks1 b ! floods ov]fl[ freely4 ,betwe5 ,ghaba ,%ambe & ,lake ,no ! summ] supply ov]fl[s ! banks1 & h5ce !re result ! p]iodical b>r+s or sudds ( ! ,nile by ! float+ vegetation s common 9 ?is region4 ,:ile ! summ] supply is )9 banks x c insure a cle> wat]way2 b :5 n only ! floods b ! summ] supplies ord9>ily ov]fl[ ! banks1 ! /ream mu/ be aid$ artificially if x is to keep its wat]way cle>4 ,! ord9>y wid? ( ! riv] s\? ( ,hillet-el-,nu] is betwe5 #ej & #fj metres1 b 9 ! rea* ( ! old sudd blocks numb]s #af to #ai x dim9i%es 9 places to #be metres1 & 9 ! rea* block$ by sudd block numb] #ae increases to #bjj4 ,nor? ( ,hillet-el-,nu]1 ! wid? v>ies f #fj to #aej metres1 b ! mean wid? may be tak5 z f #ge to #hj metres4 ,! velocity is ab\t #ge c5timetres p] second1 :i* is a good velocity = cle> wat]2 & ,sir ,william ,g>/9 rem>ks at "o place t s9ce ! sudds 7 cle>$ ! *annel ( ! ,alb]t ,nile seems to be deep5+ & wid5+ itself1 & he /ates 9 ano!r place t ! ext5t ( ov]fl[ ov] ! mayahs or side depressions is decreas+4 ,) prop] tra9+ works & dr$g+ x %\ld be possible to r$uce ! l5g? ( ! ma9 *annel ( ! ,alb]t ,nile betwe5 ,gondokoro & ,bor f #age kilometres to #afj2 betwe5 ,bor & ,ghaba ,%ambe f #bjf kilometres to #ade2 & betwe5 ,ghaba ,%ambe & ,lake ,no f #chj kilometres to #cje4 ,or ! l5g? ( *annel f ,gondokoro to ,lake ,no might be r$uc$ f #gfa kilometres to #faj4 ,"s ( ! curves are ne>ly complete circles1 ne$+ b little "w to cut (f ext5sive l5g?s4 ,betwe5 ,ghaba ,%ambe & ,lake ,no !re 7 #ai sudd blocks ( :i* all b "o 7 remov$ by ,major ,peake1 ,r4 ,a41 & ,lieut4 ,drury1 ,r4 ,n41 9 #aijj & #aija4 ,_! positions are indicat$ on ,plate ,,vi4 ,s\? ( ,hillet-el-,nu] is sudd block ,no4 #ae1 ! only "o rema9+ to be remov$4 ,ow+ to ?is block1 ! ,alb]t ,nile leaves its true *annel1 :i* is f #e to #f metres deep1 &1 on a l5g? ( #dc kilometres1 foll[s a s]ies ( mayahs1 pools & m>%es ) a dep? ( f #a to #b metres4 ,! orig9al *annel 0 clos$ by a boat lad5 ) ivory s9k+ 9 ! true *annel dur+ ! ,d]vi% dom9ation4 ,! boat has be5 f\nd1 ! ivory recov]$ & ! "w ( sudd cle>+ comm5c$1 b ! "w has n yet be5 complet$4 ,! maximum dis*>ge ( ! ,alb]t ,nile at ,hillet-el-,nu] may be tak5 z #dej cubic metres p] second1 & into ,lake ,no z #cbj cubic metres p] second4 ,! wat] ( ! riv] is d>k-col\r$ & conta9s no s$im5t4 ,v little ambat* is met ) nor? ( ,ghaba ,%ambe4 ,betwe5 ,ghaba ,%ambe & ,lake ,no on ! left bank1 9 ! fir/ #abj kilometres1 ?ree *annels c>ry+ v appreciable quantities ( wat] fl[ into ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,^! are consid]$ to be ! tails ( ! riv] ,yei4 ,at ,hillet-el-,nu]1 ab\t #agj kilometres nor? ( ,ghaba ,%ambe1 a bran* takes (f f ! we/ side ( ! ,alb]t ,nile1 kn[n z ,gage's *annel1 ) #ce metres ( cle> wat]way1 #a metre dep? & #jfj metre p] second velocity1 dis*>g+ #bj cubic metres p] second4 ,?is /ream fl[s we/w>ds & is lo/ 9 ! swamps4 ,on ! "r bank1 d[n/ream ( ,ghaba ,%ambe1 are ! two heads ( ! ,bahr ,z]af1 "o natural & ! o!r artificial made by ,sir ,samuel ,bak]4 ,ab\t #ij kilometres nor? ( ,ghaba ,%ambe a few spills take wat] t[>ds ! ,z]af riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,,! ,,alb]t ,,nile4 ,,f ,,gondokoro ,,to ,,! ,,sobat ,,junction ,scale #a 3 #b1jjj1jjj ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,"p ( ,alb]t ,nile ,s\? ( ,sudd ,no4 #ae ,f ,lake ,no to ! ,sobat m\?1 on a l5g? ( #acd kilometres is ! tail rea* ( ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile fl[s into ,lake ,no 9 its s\?-ea/]n corn] & leaves x on its ea/ side4 ,on ! we/ side ! ,gazelle riv] fl[s into ! lake4 ,lake ,no has an area ( "s #bj squ>e kilometres 9 times ( l[ supply & #ajj squ>e kilometres 9 flood4 ,9 l[ supply ! dep? is betwe5 #aej & #bej metres4 ,9 ! rea* betwe5 ,lake ,no & ! ,sobat m\?1 ! riv] is v fairly /raight2 ! summ] *annel is ab\t #agj metres wide & z a rule ab\t #e metres deep up/ream ( ! m\? ( ! ,lolle1 ?\gh 9 "o place ab\t #h kilometres f ,lake ,no x becomes only #ej metres wide = a %ort di/ance4 ,betwe5 ! tail ( ! ,lolle riv] & ! m\? ( ! ,sobat riv]1 ! summ] wid? wid5s out to ab\t #djj metres ) #c metres dep? ( wat]4 ,h[ev] ext5sive ! m>%es may be1 ! high l& =m+ ! limit ( ! inundation is ev]y:]e 9 ?is rea* visible f ! ma9 /ream4 ,! ,gazelle riv]1 :i* fl[s into ,lake ,no1 has a dis*>ge v>y+ f #j to #dj cubic metres p] second4 ,! ,lolle riv] :i* fl[s 9 on ! left bank up/ream ( ! ,sobat m\? is probably an arm ( ! ,alb]t ,nile or an ov]fl[ ( ! ,gazelle & has a dis*>ge v>y+ f #j to #dj cubic metres p] second4 ,on ! "r bank1 ! ,z]af riv] fl[s into ! ,alb]t ,nile1 ) a dis*>ge v>y+ f #cj to #afj cubic metres p] second4 ,! ,megahid riv] fl[s 9 #cj kilometres bel[ ! tail ( ! ,z]af riv] & adds an undet]m9$ quota ( wat]4 ,at its junction ) ! ,sobat riv]1 ! ,alb]t ,nile dis*>ges f #cjj to #dej cubic metres 9 summ]2 x does n dis*>ge mu* m 9 flood z ! wat]s ( ! ,sobat riv] 9 flood hold up ! ,alb]t ,riv] & make x ov]fl[ ! l[ l&s up to ,lake ,no & beyond = a dep? ( #c metres 9 high floods4 ,?is rea* ( ! ,nile is a flood res]voir1 :i* empties itself ord9>ily by ! end ( w9t]4 #ad4 ,! ,gazelle ,riv]4--,! ,gazelle riv]1 :i* fl[s into ,lake ,no1 has a cat*m5t bas9 ( #bdj1jjj squ>e kilometres1 ) an annual ra9fall ( #ge millimetres2 & an additional cat*m5t bas9 ( #bcj squ>e kilometres ) an annual ra9fall ( #cj millimetres2 & yet ! riv] dis*>ges no?+ 9 summ] & ab\t #dj cubic metres p] second 9 flood4 ,x is ! mo/ extraord9>y riv] 9 ! _w1 (t5 block$ by sudd & invisible4 ,x has practically no banks 9 flood or 9 times ( l[ supply1 :ile ! wat]way v>ies 9 wid? f #f metres to #ij & 9 dep? f #b metres to #f metres4 ,x makes its way betwe5 int]m9able m>%es ( papyrus & wat] grasses4 ,! ,gazelle riv] is a deltaic riv] 9 a /ill m embryonic /age ?an ! ,alb]t ,nile nor? ( ,ghaba ,%ambe4 ,x1 h[ev]1 p]=ms "o good function4 ,x keeps ! swamps ( ! ,sudd region full ( wat]1 ye> 9 & ye> out2 & )\t x1 ! wat] ( ! ,alb]t ,nile w\ld d\btless be lo/ by p]colation 9 ! ,sudd region & ! ,:ite ,nile be left high & dry = #c mon?s e ye>4 ,s*we9fur? 0 ! fir/ to asc5d & describe ?is riv] & its tribut>ies4 ,beg9n+ f ! ea/1 its pr9cipal tribut>ies are3--! ,rohl1 ! ,dy[1 ! ,tondy1 ! ,kit1 ! ,dyr1 ! ,dembo1 ! ,humr & ! ,bahr el ,arab4 ,) c\rses ( betwe5 #dej & #gej kilometres 9 l5g?1 ! tribut>ies fall f #ejj to #gjj metres 9 _! upp] c\rses ( f #cjj to #ejj kilometres1 & 9 _! rema9+ c\rses !y trav]se swamps4 ,c]ta9 ( ! tribut>ies may be dis*>g+ #aj cubic metres p] second 9 summ] & #bej cubic metres p] second 9 flood1 b ! ma9 /ream ( ! ,gazelle seems nev] to add m ?an #dj cubic metres p] second to ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,! :ole ( ! wat] is evaporat$ f ! we$s1 papyrus1 wat]grasses & op5 %eets ( wat] :i* cov] a desolate area ( #gj1jjj squ>e kilometres4 ,evaporation & ra9fall balance ea* o!r4 ,if ! ,s+h>a or ,indian wat] nut c\ld be induc$ to gr[ 9 ?is wa/e ( wat]s1 "s pr(it might be got out ( !m4 #ae4 ,! ,bahr ,z]af4--,! ,bahr ,z]af is ! "r h& bran* ( ! ,alb]t ,nile :i* leaves ! latt] riv] nor? ( ,ghaba ,%ambe & jo9s x aga9 midway betwe5 ,lake ,no & ! ,sobat riv]4 ,x is f$ l>gely by ! escape wat] ( ! ,atem riv] br\ght d[n 9 a traceable *annel & 9 flood by torr5ts f ! hilly region ea/ ( ,gondokoro4 ,beg9n+ ) a s]ies ( m>%es & swamps1 x gradually e/abli%es its "r to be call$ a riv] & f9ally aft] a tortu\s & me&]+ c\rse ( ab\t #bgj kilometres tails into ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,9 its l[] rea*es x is ab\t #ej metres wide & f #b to #d metres deep 9 summ] & #f to #h metres deep 9 flood4 ,its dis*>ges v>y f #cj cubic metres p] second 9 summ] to #afj cubic metres p] second 9 flood4 ,9 its l[] rea*es ! banks consi/ ( solid e>?1 prov+ t at "o "t x c>ri$ wat] o!r ?an t br\ght d[n by ! ,alb]t ,nile4 #af4 ,! ,sobat ,riv]4--,?is riv] dra9s #aef1jjj squ>e kilometres ly+ betwe5 ! cat*m5t bas9s ( ,lake ,rudolf & ! ,blue ,nile4 ,! ra9fall 9 ! m\nta9\s region ( ,gallal& is pl5tiful & especially heavy 9 autumn1 & 7 x n = ! ext5sive lakes & m>%es 9 its middle c\rse1 x w\ld be a torr5t 9 flood4 ,regulat$ & re/ra9$ by ! lakes & m>%es1 ?is riv] has an extraord9>ily ev5 rise & fall1 z a ref]5ce to ,table #bd w c]tify4 ,x is un=tunate t ! ,nass] gauge has be5 read s int]rupt$ly4 ,! ,doleb ,hilla gauge is 9 ! back wat] ( ! ,alb]t ,nile & n v reliable4 ,! dis*>ges ( ! la/ f\r ye>s h v>i$ f #dj cubic metres p] second 9 l[ supply to #ajjj cubic metres 9 flood1 ?\gh !re h be5 ye>s :5 ! dis*>ges h fall5 to z]o 9 summ] & :5 ! flood mu/ h exce$$ #aejj cubic metres p] second4 ,april is ! mon? ( l[ supply & ,novemb] ( maximum flood4 ,9 its la/ #ej kilometres1 ! riv] has a deep1 well def9$ *annel betwe5 high banks1 :i* are nev] topp$ 9 ! highe/ floods4 ,! wid? ( wat]way is ab\t #aaj metres & ! dep? #g metres 9 summ] & ab\t #aj to #aa metres 9 flood4 ,! pr9cipal tribut>ies ( ! ,sobat are ! ,b>o f ! nor?-ea/ & ea/1 & ! ,akobo & ,pibor f ! s\?-ea/ & s\?4 ,all ! tribut>ies meet & =m ext5sive swamps f :i* ! ,sobat has its orig94 ,! village ( ,nass] is situat$ on ! ,sobat ne> its orig94 ,a gauge has be5 erect$ "h4 #ag4 ,! ,sudd region4--,! ,sudd region ( ! ,alb]t ,nile lies nor? ( ,ghaba ,%ambe & corresponds to t "p ( ! riv] :]e n only d ! floods ov]fl[ ! banks1 b ! summ] supplies c d s 9 _m places4 ,x is ! delta ( ! riv] 9 a v embryonic /age4 ,!re are two ma9 bran*es to ! riv]1 ! ,alb]t ,nile prop] & ! ,z]af1 :i* h bo? be5 already describ$4 ,bo? ^! riv]s are liable to be block$ by sudd or blocks ( liv+ vegetation4 ,^! blocks are sometimes z mu* z #e metres ?ick & capable ( turn+ ne>ly ! :ole supply ( ! riv] out ( its c\rse4 ,!y are =m$ ( papyrus1 we$s & wat]grasses1 :i* gr[ on ! half s&y half peaty banks ( ! lagoons & m>%es trav]s$ by ! riv]1 & :i*1 "u ! d\ble action ( a ris+ flood & /rong w9ds1 are torn up & driv5 into ! *annels :]ev] !y are conf9$ 9 wid?1 & !re jamm$ into solid masses ( float+ we$s1 fill+ ! :ole wid? ( ! riv]1 v ne>ly ! :ole dep?1 & sometimes ov] a kilometre 9 l5g?4 ,9 addition to ! local we$s & grasses1 !re are always at h& 9 high floods d5se masses ( pi/ea we$s :i* h come f ! upp] wat]s ( ! ,alb]t ,nile s\? ( ,dufile4 ,:ile ! sudd floats x is n s bad z :5 x s9ks1 z x has done at block ,no4 #ae nor? ( ,gaba ,%ambe1 :]e ! ,nile has left its c\rse = #cg kilometres ow+ to sunk5 sudd4 ,:5 ! sudd s9ks1 its becomes putrid & especially loa?some4 ,! ,sudd region is unmi/akably1 z ,lomb>d9i po9t$ out ye>s ago1 an old lake :i* has silt$ up & become full ( peat & s& deposits4 ,at "o "t ! lake mu/ h _h an extreme l5g? ( #djj kilometres & wid? ( #djj kilometres & be5 a l>g] %eet ( wat] ?an lake ,victoria4 ,! ,sobat riv] fl[$ into x1 & ! ,blue ,nile may h fl[$ backw>ds up ! b$ ( ! pres5t ,:ite ,nile = t5s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,! nor?-ea/ corn] has be5 bett] fill$ ) deposit ?an any o!r "p4 ,! d5se masses ( papyrus & wat]-grasses :i* %ut out ! horizon 9 e direction intimidat$ ! exp$ition s5t up ! ,nile by ,n]o1 & x return$ nor?w>ds )\t hav+ accompli%$ any?+4 ,f ,n]o's "t to t ( ,mehemet ,ali little 0 kn[n ( ^! regions4 ,mehemet ,ali made a det]m9$ ef=t to discov] :at lay beyond ^! inhospitable regions1 & s5t up a well-equipp$ exp$ition "u ,d',arnaud4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ descriptions ( ! ,nile betwe5 ! fif? & t5? p>allels ( latitude is by ,w]ne1 :o accompani$ ,d',arnaud's exp$ition s5t by ,mehemet ,ali 9 #ahdj-ahda4 ,! exp$ition f\nd ! *annel ( ! ,:ite ,nile & ,alb]t ,nile easily navigable betwe5 ,decemb] & ,m>*4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile betwe5 #g & #i ,n4 lat4 _h app>5tly a mean wid? ( #abj metres1 dep? ( #e metres1 & velocity ( ab\t #fj c5timetres p] second1 giv+ a dis*>ge ( "s #djj cubic metres p] second4 ,9 ?is fir/ description ( ! riv] ! fact t /rikes "o mo/ =cibly is ! omission ( ! ,bahr ,z]af4 ,nei!r ! inlet nor ! outlet are m5tion$1 ?\gh ! ,sobat1 ! ,gazelle1 & num]\s insignificant /reams are m9utely record$4 ,practically ! :ole ( ! wat] 0 conf9$ to "o /ream1 & t a good "o4 ,! wat] level 9 w9t] 0 f\nd to be "s #ej c5timetres bel[ ! g5]al level ( ! b]m1 & ab\t #fj c5timetres above ?is level 9 flood4 ,! swamps conta9$ (f5sive & fetid wat]1 :i* mix$ ) ! wat]s ( ! ris+ flood & help$ to pollute ! /ream on ! fir/ rise ( ! riv]4 ,betwe5 ! riv] & ! swamps 9 its s\!rn rea*es 7 num]\s cuts & op5+s1 "s natural & "s artificial1 made by ! aborig9es = fi%+ purposes4 ,:ile trav]s+ ! swamps1 ! wat]s ( ! riv] 9 flood lo/ _! silt & became q cle>4 ,on page #ajj ( ,vol4 ,,ii ( ,w]ne's "w !re is ?is significant s5t5ce3 8,! report t ! natives bel[ 7i4e4 9 latitude #e to #g7 _h block$ ! riv] to cut (f our retreat1 turn$ out to be unf\nd$40 ,f ! above x w be notic$ t ! aborig9es 9 #ahdj-ahda spoke ( _! ability to block ! c\rse ( ! riv]1 :ile ! tra9+ works 9 ! side *annels & spills = fi%+ purposes 7 describ$ z solid works regulat$ by r[s ( /rong /akes driv5 into ! gr\nd4 ,betwe5 #ahda & #ahfc ! exp$itions up ! ,nile consid]ably increas$1 :ile ! aborig9es 7 be+ brutally treat$ by ! slave trad]s4 ,:at c\ld be m natural ?an t1 z a measure ( protection1 ! aborig9es %\ld h wid5$ & deep5$ ! side *annels & spills :i* took (f f ! riv] betwe5 latitudes #e & #g1 s t !y might escape f ! trad]s4 ,subsequ5tly1 :5 ! ma9 riv] 0 patroll$ by ,gov]nm5t boats1 ! slave-trad]s !mselves us$ ^! side *annels = prosecut+ _! traffic4 ,all ! *annels & spills tail$ into ! ,bahr ,z]af1 :i* n[ began to =m an appreciable /ream1 & :i* 0 navigat$ ov] ! l[] "p ( its c\rse by ,pe!rick betwe5 #ahec & #ahfb4 ,! ,bahr ,z]af 0 h[ev] always describ$ z sudd$1 :ile ! ,alb]t ,nile 0 op5 to navigation4 ,?is action ( dissipat+ ! wat]s ( ! riv] w5t on increas+ till #ahfc1 :5 !re occurr$ a v high flood inde$2 ! float+ we$s br\ght d[n f ! s\? 7 excessive1 ! wat]s escap$ ev]y:]e f ! ma9 /ream1 :ile ! float+ masses ( creep]s 7 conf9$ by ! grasses & papyrus to ! ma9 *annel1 & sudd$ x d[n/ream ( ,lake ,no4 ,on asc5d+ ! ,:ite ,nile & ,alb]t ,nile 9 ,janu>y #ahfc1 ,sir ,samuel ,bak] f\nd ! passage cle> to ! s\?4 ,on return+ 9 ,april #ahfe1 he f\nd ! sudd ( ! flood ( #ahfc /ill 9 ! ,alb]t ,nile d[n/ream ( ,lake ,no4 ,! sudd 0 #ajjj metres long & _h a passage #c metres wide cut ?r\gh ! middle ( x1 d[n :i* ! riv] ran l a mill race4 ,9 ,febru>y #ahfi1 ,dr4 ,s*we9fur? & 8 p>ty1 on _! way to ! ,gazelle1 took six days to get ?r\gh ?is sudd1 ?\gh ! ma9 ob/ruction 0 n[ only #bjj metres long4 ,9 ,july #ahgb1 ,dr4 ,s*we9fur? on 8 way back f\nd ! sudd to ! d[n/ream ( ,lake ,no z be=e1 & describ$ ! op5+ ?r\gh x z 8a n>r[ /ream ( wat] :i* ru%$ along z a wild brook4 ,! dep? ( ! fairway v>i$ f #b to #c metres1 & ! boat n[h]e t\*$ ! bottom40 ,9 ,febru>y #ahgj ,sir ,samuel ,bak] f\nd ! sudd 9 ! ,alb]t ,nile impossible = 8 exp$ition ( heavily lad5 boats & /eam]s4 ,he f\nd ! ,z]af sudd$ 9 its s\!rn #ajj kilometres1 & tri$ to cut 8 way ?r\gh b fail$4 ,& yet ! slave trad]s _h means ( gett+ slave boats d[n ! ,bahr ,z]af 78,ismailia0 pages #fa1 #fb & #bi74 ,bak] return$ 9 ,janu>y #ahga to ! ,z]iba ,kut*uk ,ali on ! ,bahr ,z]af & _h be=e him ! #ajj kilometres ( sudd$ *annel4 ,) ! aid ( #abjj m5 he complet$ ! "w by ,m>* #ac4 ,! f9al op]ation 0 a canal ?r\gh /iff clay #fjj metres long 7kn[n to-day z ,bak]'s cut74 ,! fall f ! ,alb]t ,nile into ! ,bahr ,z]af 0 s great t1 9 ord] to get ! boats & /eam]s across ! f9al di/ance1 ,bak] made a dam #abj metres long across ! ,z]af by means ( a d\ble r[ ( piles1 s& bags & fasc9es ( ! tall grasses4 ,he ?us secur$ ! necess>y dep? ( wat]1 & ! flotilla sail$ into ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,on 8 way back 9 ,june #ahgc1 he ?us describes ! appe>ance ( ! head ( ! ,ziraf riv] :]e he _h made ! cut 9 ,m>* #ahga3-- 8,on arrival at ! ,bahr ,z]af cut1 we f\nd t ! canals :i* we _h =m]ly cut 7 mu* improv$ by ! =ce ( ! /ream4 ,al?\gh ^! passages 7 n>r[1 !y _h become deep & we progress$ ) comp>atively little tr\ble40 ,! re/ ( ! j\rney d[n ! ,bahr ,z]af 0 easily p]=m$4 ,9 ,janu>y #ahgd1 :5 ! riv] 0 l[1 ! sudd 9 ! ,alb]t ,nile 0 remov$ by ,ismail ,pa*a ,ay\b1 ,gov]nor ,g5]al ( ! ,s\dan4 ,f #ahgd to #ahgh1 :ile ,gordon 0 ,gov]nor ,g5]al1 ! ,alb]t ,nile 0 cle> ( sudd1 b ! wide /ream ( #ahdj _h dw9dl$ d[n to a cle> wat]way free ( we$s on a wid? ( #f metres ov] long rea*es4 ,! escape ( wat] d[n num]\s spills _h depriv$ ! ,alb]t ,nile ( ! p[] ( keep+ its *annel cle> & :5 ! heavy flood ( #ahgh came d[n1 ! riv] 0 sudd$4 ,9 #ahhj ,gessi 0 block$ 9 ! ,bahr ,gazelle4 ,! sudd 9 ?is ,bahr 0 cut by ,m>no1 :o also cut ! sudd 9 ! ,alb]t ,nile 9 ,april #ahhj4 ,em9 ,pa%a m5tions ! fact t ! ,alb]t ,nile 0 free ( sudd & navigat$ f #ahhj to #ahhc4 ,9 #ahhd he /ates t no /eam]s rea*$ ,lado1 b he attribut$ t to ! ,mahdi's rebellion4 ,dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,mahdi's & ,khalifa's rule !re 0 no sudd4 ,9 ! ,khalifa's "t a boat lad5 ) ivory sank 9 ! /ream :]e sudd block ,no4 #ae is1 s\? ( ,hillet-el-,nu]1 & caus$ ! block to =m4 ,9 #ahih ,"l ,kit*5] f\nd ! ,alb]t ,nile sudd$ s\? ( ,lake ,no1 & 9 ,m>* #ahii ,sp>kes bey1 ( ! ,egyptian ,army1 /eam$ up ! ,bahr ,z]af to )9 #cj kilometres ( its head4 ,at ! same "t ,sir ,william ,g>/9 ?\ght ! ,bahr ,z]af a /rong] /ream ?an ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,desc5d+ ! ,alb]t ,nile f ,ug&a1 ,colonel ,m>tyr f\nd ! ,alb]t ,nile sudd$ #cj kilometres nor? ( ,ghaba ,%ambe4 ,9 #aijj & #aija ,major ,peake1 ,c4 ,m4 ,g41 ,r4 ,a41 & ,lieut4 ,drury1 ,r4 ,n41 remov$ sudd blocks ,nos4 #a to #ad1 & #af to #ai1 betwe5 ,lake ,no & ,ghaba ,%ambe4 ,!re n[ rema9s only block ,no4 #ae s\? ( ,hillet-el-,nu]4 ,! condition ( ! *annel to-day has be5 describ$ "u ! head+ ( ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,x is a v fair *annel except at ! div]sion r\nd block ,no4 #ae1 :i* ,sir ,william ,g>/9 is v eag] to see remov$4 #ah4 ,! ,:ite ,nile4--,! ,:ite ,nile /ret*es f ! ,sobat m\? to ,kh>t\m & has a l5g? ( #hch kilometres & v little fall4 ,x ev]y:]e be>s traces ( hav+ be5 ! *annel ( ! ,blue ,nile :5 9 anci5t times ! ,gebel-,royan hill _h n be5 cut ?r\gh by ! ,nile1 & ! ,blue ,nile itself fl[$ s\? into ! great lake :i* is to-day ! sudd region ( ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,if ! ,blue ,nile dis*>g$1 z x does to-day1 ab\t #bejj cubic metres p] second ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 ! ,sobat #fjj cubic metres1 ! ,alb]t ,nile #ajjj1 ! ,gazelle tribut>ies #gjj1 & ! ra9fall on ! lake itself 0 #a metre p] annum1 :ile ! evaporation 0 #b metres1 7all reasonable figures71 ! wat] ent]+ ! lake 0 #cjj cubic kilometres p] annum & ! evaporation 0 ! same1 provid$ ! lake _h an area ( #abj1jjj squ>e kilometres1 :i* is1 moreov]1 reasonable :5 we exam9e ! plan4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ?is p]iod1 ! valley ( ! ,nile 9 ,egypt receiv$ its wat] f ! ,atb>a alone4 ,! wat]s ( ! ,sobat riv] 9 flood give its "n to ! ,:ite ,nile4 ,at ,tewfikieh1 ne> ! head ( ! ,:ite ,nile1 is a gauge4 ,= ! fir/ #ejj kilometres ! riv] is describ$ by ,sir ,william ,g>/9 z hav+ a wat]way ( f #cjj to #ejj metres 9 wid? ) num]\s isl&s4 ,! dep? ( wat] 9 summ] is #e metres & #g metres 9 flood4 ,on ei!r side ( ! wat]way is a l[ ridge swamp$ 9 flood1 & beyond t on ei!r side is a deep depression1 deep 9 ! c5tre & ris+ to ! ridge on "o side & to ! high l& & =e/ on ! o!r4 ,ea* depression may be #c kilometres 9 wid? :]e x is wide & a few hundr$ metres :]e x is n>r[1 s t ! flood$ valley may h a wid? ( #f kilometres 9 places4 ,! ridges are ab\t #c metres wide1 & brok5 by op5+s ?r\gh :i* ! wat] passes 9 & out ( ! side m>%y depressions4 ,! depressions are cov]$ by a d5se gr[? ( re$s & papyrus4 ,:5 ! re$s are burnt "o c trav]se ! m>%es on foot4 ,s\? ( ,kaka 7#bjj kilometres nor? ( ! ,sobat m\?7 ! depressions are l[] ?an !y are fur!r nor?1 :i*1 to me1 goes to prove t ! *annel ( to-day is =m$ )9 ! *annel ( old days :5 ! ,blue ,nile 0 fl[+ s\? into ! ,sudd region4 ,at ,gebela9 7#bej kilometres nor? ( ,kaka7 ! side depressions contract & ! =e/s come ne>] ! riv]4 ,at ! ,abu ,zeid =d1 #ej kilometres fur!r to ! nor?1 is a s]i\s ob/acle to navigation :5 ! riv] is l[1 9 ! %ape ( a v broad %eet ( %+le /udd$ ?ick ) fre%-wat] oy/]s4 ,?is b> is #f kilometres long1 z h>d z /one1 & has 9 v l[ summ] supplies a dep? ( wat] ov] x ( only #ej c5timetres4 ,x is a wond] t a *annel has n be5 bla/$ ?r\gh x4 ,! swamp+ n[ visibly decreases & ! wid? ( ! riv] v>ies f #gjj to #ijj metres4 ,"s #be kilometres nor? ( ,abu ,zeid ! papyrus & sudd grasses disappe>1 & ?\gh !re is flood+ !re are no swamps4 ,we h n[ "s well cultivat$ isl&s 9 ! riv] = ! negroes h come to an end & ! ,arabs inhabit ! c\ntry4 ,! summ] *annel may be n[ consid]$ z #gjj metres wide & ! flood *annel z #acjj metres4 ,! summ] dep? ( wat] is #d metres4 ,at ,duem1 #bbj kilometres s\? ( ,kh>t\m1 ! wid? ( ! *annel wid5s f #ijj to #ajjj & fur!r nor? to #aejj metres1 & f9ally to #cjjj metres4 ,we are 9 a lake r ?an 9 a riv]1 & 9 flood :5 ! wat]s ( ! ,blue ,nile travel #cjj kilometres up ! ,:ite ,nile1 & wait = a fall 9 ! ,blue ,nile to dis*>ge !mselves into ! ,nile1 we are inde$ 9 a pulsat+ lake & n 9 a riv]4 ,x mu/ h be5 9 ,septemb]1 :5 ! dis*>ge ( ! ,blue ,nile _h fall5 f "s #aa1jjj to #f1jjj cubic metres p] second1 & ! /or$-up wat]s 9 ! valley ( ! ,:ite ,nile 7 =c+ !mselves d[n to take ! place ( ^? cut (f f ! ,blue ,nile1 t ,l9ant ,pa%a took 8 dis*>ges ( ! ,blue & ,:ite ,niles & f\nd !m "s #fjjj & #ejjj cubic metres p] second respectively4 ,! same rem>k may be made ab\t ,m4 ,*lu's dis*>ge ( ! ,:ite ,nile at ,kh>t\m ( #djjj cubic metres p] second 9 ,septemb] #ahgf & m5tion$ 9 8 book 8,le ,nil1 le ,s\dan1 l'gypte10 page #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,,cross ,,sections ,,( ,,! ,,nile ,,its ,,tribut>ies ,horizontal ,scale #a 3 #b4jjj ,v]tical ,scale #a 3 #ejj ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,no4 #ad4 ,:ite ,nile at ,duem4 ,no4 #ae4 ,blue ,nile at ,lake ,tsana ,no4 #af4 ,blue ,nile at ! ,bridge #cj km4 f ,lake ,tsana ,no4 #ag4 ,blue ,nile at ,wad ,m$ani ,no4 #ah4 ,blue ,nile at ,kh>t\m ,9 #aijc ! m9imum dis*>ge ( ! ,:ite ,nile at its head 0 #chj cubic metres p] second 9 ,april & ! maximum dis*>ge 0 #adgj cubic metres p] second 9 ,decemb]4 ,table #bd gives ! behavi\r ( ! riv]4 ,! m9imum dis*>ge ( ! ,:ite ,nile at ,kh>t\m may be tak5 z #cjj cubic metres p] second4 ,! prec$+ p>agraph w expla9 h[ difficult x w be to "k its maximum dis*>ge until a gauge & dis*>ge table are e/abli%$ = ! ,blue ,nile #ajj kilometres above ,kh>t\m well above back wat]1 & a gauge & dis*>ge table 9 ! ,ma9 ,nile nor? ( ,omdurman4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two dis*>ges w be ! true dis*>ge ( ! ,:ite ,nile :i*1 ) its slope ( 9 flood1 is n a riv] b a flood res]voir4 ,! dis*>ges tak5 at ,duem on ! ,:ite ,nile & at ,kh>t\m on ! ,blue ,nile 9 #aijb & #aijc are int]e/+1 b ( little value = any?+ except ! v date on :i* !y 7 tak54 ,!y 7 all 9 backwat]s4 #ai4 ,! ,blue ,nile4--,comp>$ to any riv] we h yet describ$1 ! ,blue ,nile is a true m\nta9 /ream4 ,dra9+ ! s\!rn & m ra9y half ( ,abyss9ia1 x is ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ! ,nile 9 flood4 ,:atev] wat]s x receives1 x c>ries to ! ,nile & x is ! true p>5t ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 = ! deposit f its muddy wat]s is t ,nile mud :i* has made ,egypt4 ,! ,atb>a c>ries wat]s :i* are probably m muddy ?an ^? ( ! ,blue ,nile1 b comp>$ to ! ,blue ,nile ! ,atb>a is a small riv]1 & its quota is insignificant by ! side ( t ( ! l>g] /ream4 ,! pr9cipal tribut>y ( ! ,blue ,nile1 ! ,abai1 rises at a height ( ab\t #b1gjj metres above sea level & aft] a c\rse ( #aaj kilometres falls into ,lake ,tsana4 ,lake ,tsana lies at a level ( ab\t #a1gfj metres above sea level1 & has an area ( ab\t #c1jjj squ>e kilometres & cat*m5t bas9 ( ab\t #ad1jjj squ>e kilometres irrespective ( ! lake area4 ,on ! #ca/ ( ,janu>y #aijc1 aft] a v poor ra9fall1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,dupuis f\nd ! dis*>ge #db cubic metres p] second4 ,calculat+ f 8 cross section1 x seems t ! maximum dis*>ge may be #bjj cubic metres p] second4 ,z at ,lake ,victoria1 possibly n m ?an ? ! ra9fall f9ds its way into ! lake2 &1 once !re1 ! great] "p is evaporat$4 ,little seems to leave ! lake1 :i* w\ld consequ5tly make a v poor res]voir4 ,! l& rises f ! lake 9 g5tly undulat+ d[ns z a rule4 ,:]ev] obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,dupuis1 ! lake 0 %all[4 ,!re are _m isl&s & "s ( !m consid]able ones4 ,! riv]s fe$+ ! lake are ! foll[+3--! ,abai dis*>g+ #i cubic metres p] second 9 ,janu>y #aijc1 ! ,reb #b cubic metres1 ! ,gum>a #b1 ! ,maget* #jc1 ! ,arno ,g>no #jc1 ! ,gelda #je1 ! ,unfraz #ab1 & _m small] /reams say #ag1 or #ag cubic metres p] second 9 all4 ,?is ( c\rse 0 9 ! dry season4 ,mr4 ,dupuis consid]s ! evaporation z #d millimetres p] day4 ,betwe5 ,lake ,tsana & ,rosaires1 on a l5g? ( ab\t #gej kilometres ! ,blue ,nile falls "s #abfj metres2 betwe5 ,rosaires & ,s5n>1 on a l5g? ( #bgj kilometres1 x falls ab\t #fj metres1 & betwe5 ,s5n> & ,kh>t\m on a l5g? ( #cde kilometres x falls ab\t #ej metres4 ,! cross sections ( ! riv] at ,wad ,m$ani1 #bjj kilometres above ,kh>t\m1 & at ,kh>t\m are giv5 on ,plate ,,ix4 ,9 flood & e>ly w9t] ! riv] is navigable up to ! ,rosaires cat>act4 ,! wid? ( *annel may be consid]$ z v>y+ betwe5 #cej & #gjj metres ) an av]age wid? ( #ejj metres4 ,! riv] rises f #i to #ab metres 9 flood & has a velocity 9 high floods ( #c metres p] second4 ,riv]s ) su* velocities sc\r out _! b$s v sev]ely 9 high floods & deposit silt 9 l[ floods1 & = ! dis*>ges bel[ #e metres1 cross sections %\ld be annually e/abli%$ & dis*>ge tables made dep5d+ on ! sections4 ,! summ] dis*>ge v>ies f #ajj to #cjj cubic metres p] second & ! flood f #g1ejj to #ab1ejj cubic metres p] second4 ,! behavi\r ( ! riv] is %[n 9 ,tables #bd & #be4 ,! beg9n+ ( ,may is g5]ally l[ wat] & ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb] high wat]4 ,! w9t] dis*>ge may be tak5 z #ejj cubic metres p] second4 ,! tribut>ies s\? ( ,rosaires are ! foll[+3--on ! "r bank1 ! ,folassa1 ! ,durra1 ! ,fatsam1 ! ,bir & ! ,tem%a1 v]itable torr5ts2 & on ! left bank1 num]\s /reams f nor? & nor?-we/ ( ,addis ,ababa1 ! ,anjur1 & ! ,didessa1 ! latt] f #ajj to #aej metres wide4 ,nor? ( ! la/ is ! ,tumat4 ,! ,didessa is ab\t #cej kilometres long & ! ,tumat #bjj4 ,x is n at all improbable t 9 ! valley ( ! ,didessa f> bett] res]voir sites c\ld be f\nd ?an at ,lake ,tsana4 ,capt4 ,lyons tells me t !re are important rea*es "h ) v little slope4 ,nor? ( ,rosaires !re are two important tribut>ies on ! "r bank1 ! ,d9d]1 nor? ( ,s5n>1 & ! ,rahad1 j nor? ( ,wad ,m$ani4 ,bo? ^! /reams run only 9 flood & are dry 9 w9t] & summ]4 ,! ,d9d] has a b$ wid? ( ab\t #abj metres1 dep? #d metres 9 good flood & a velocity ( #b metres p] second1 :i* gives a dis*>ge ( ab\t #ajjj cubic metres p] second 9 a high flood4 ,! ,rahad has a b$ wid? ( #fj metres1 dep? ( #c metres 9 a good flood & a velocity ( #b metres p] second1 :i* gives a dis*>ge ( #djj cubic metres p] second 9 a good flood4 ,! deltas ( ! ,blue ,nile1 ! ,d9d] & ! ,rahad are =m$ ( ! ri*e/ ,nile mud4 ,su* soil is ri* 9 lime1 pota% & phosphates1 b is poor 9 nitrates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii ,li?4 ,sup4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,,! ,,outlet ,,( ,,lake ,,tsana ,f a r\gh ,survey ,scale #a 3 #cj4jjj ,! velocity ( ! ,blue ,nile may be tak5 z #ge c5timetres p] second 9 l[ supply & #c metres p] second 9 high flood4 #bj4 ,! ,atb>a4--,! ,atb>a riv] fl[s into ! ,nile at ,el-,dam]1 s\? ( ,b]b]4 ,x is ess5tially a torr5t f$ by ! ra9s ( nor?-ea/]n ,abyss9ia4 ,! ra9s "h beg9 e>ly & end e>ly1 s t ! ,atb>a is 9 high flood 9 ,augu/ & falls quickly ?r\gh ,septemb]4 ,its floods la/ f ,june to ,octob] & ! riv] is dry = ! rema9+ mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,by dry x is meant t !re is no runn+ wat]1 = ! b$ ( ! riv] conta9s num]\s pools ( wat]1 :i* are ne>ly always deep & (t5 v ext5sive4 ,mr4 ,dupuis has giv5 a r\gh longitud9al section ( ! ,atb>a riv]4 ,ris+ )9 #af kilometres ( ,lake ,tsana1 at a height ( ab\t #bjjj metres above sea level1 9 its fir/ #cjj kilometres x falls #aejj metres to #ecj metres above sea level1 :]e x is met by ! ,salaam riv]4 ,9 ! next hundr$ kilometres x falls #dj metres & is jo9$ by ! ,settit riv]1 a l>g] & m p]man5t /ream ?an ! ,atb>a itself4 ,sixty kilometres l[] d[n is ! ,khasm-el-,girba gauge1 j up/ream ( ,fa%] & ab\t #dbj kilometres f ! ,nile4 ,two hundr$ kilometres bel[ ! ,settit junction & ab\t #bhj kilometres f ! ,nile is ,gosrejeb1 & #aej kilometres l[] d[n ,ad>ma4 ,f9ally1 aft] a total l5g? ( ab\t #hhj kilometres1 ! ,atb>a fl[s into ! ,nile4 ,! ,settit junction is ab\t #dij metres above sea level1 ,fa%] #dgj metres1 ,gosrejeb #daj1 ,ad>ma #chj1 & ,el-,dam] ab\t #cfe metres above sea level4 ,9 ! la/ #bhj kilometres !re is !re=e a fall ( #de metres or ab\t 4 ,9 ?is rea* ! riv] has a wid? ( ab\t #ccj metres & dep? 9 flood ( #f metres4 ,tables #bd & #be give ! behavi\r ( ! riv]4 ,9 #aijb & #aijd1 two v l[ ye>s1 ! maximum dis*>ge 0 ab\t #bjjj cubic metres p] second1 & 9 #aijc ab\t #cjjj cubic metres4 ,9 high floods ! ,atb>a c dis*>ge #ejjj cubic metres p] second4 ,! pr9cipal tribut>ies ( ! ,atb>a are ! ,salaam & ,settit already m5tion$4 ,on its "r bank betwe5 ,gosrejeb & ,ad>ma x is jo9$ by ! ,gaa% riv]1 :i* fl[s pa/ ,kassala & loses itself 9 ! des]ts4 ,9 ye>s ( extraord9>y ra9fall ! ,gaa% rea*es ! ,atb>a4 ,! ,gaa% at ,kassala has a wid? ( #aej metres1 dep? ( #a metre & approximate dis*>ge ( #cjj cubic metres p] second 9 an ord9>y flood4 ,x has a c\rse ( ab\t #afj kilometres be=e x disappe>s 9 ! des]t4 #ba4 ,! ,nile f ,kh>t\m to ,assun4--,! ,nile beg9s its c\rse )\t any gauge to record its v>y+ height4 ,a gauge nor? ( ,omdurman1 ano!r up/ream ( ! #f? cat>act & a ?ird d[n/ream ( ! cat>act are badly ne$$4 ,until ^! ?ree gauges are erect$ & record$1 & ano!r erect$ & record$ on ! ,blue ,nile at ,kaml91 ab\t #ajj kilometres above ,kh>t\m1 ! behavi\r ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies at _! junction w nev] be exactly und]/ood4 ,mak+ use ( ! in=mation :i* is obta9able1 we may say t ! ,blue ,nile is g5]ally at its l[e/ betwe5 ! #ae? ,april & #ae? ,may ) a mean l[-wat] dis*>ge ( ab\t #bjj cubic metres p] second1 fall+ to ne>ly z]o 9 c]ta9 ye>s2 x is at its highe/ betwe5 ! #ae? ,augu/ & #ae? ,septemb] ) a mean maximum dis*>ge ( "s #aj1jjj cubic metres p] second1 ris+ to #ac1jjj & fall+ to #f1ejj 9 maximum & m9imum ye>s4 ,if ! l>g] figure is correct1 ! ,blue ,nile bank at ,kh>t\m is ov] a metre too l[1 & ! t[n is liable to be flood$ out4 ,if ref]5ce is made to ,plate ,,viii x w be se5 t ! flood ( ! ,blue ,nile 9 ,july1 ,augu/ & ,septemb] travels up ! ,:ite ,nile1 holds back its wat]s & conv]ts ! valley ( ! ,:ite ,nile into a flood res]voir4 ,:5 ! ,blue ,nile falls rapidly 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]1 ! dis*>ge ( ! ,nile is ma9ta9$ by ! /or$-up wat]s 9 ! ,:ite ,nile & by ! ,:ite ,nile flood :i* has sl[ly travell$ d[n its almo/ level b$4 ,table #bd %[s ?is m cle>ly ?an any description c\ld4 ,i d n ?9k t ! maximum dis*>ge ( ! ,ma9 ,nile on any giv5 day is ev] equal to ! maximum dis*>ge ( ! ,blue ,nile4 ,! ,nile betwe5 ,kh>t\m & ,b]b] has a *annel wid] & deep] ?an t betwe5 ,wady ,halfa & ,assun & a g5tl] curr5t4 ,i h n tak51 or se5 any dis*>ges :i* h be5 tak5 9 ?is rea*1 b judg+ f :at ,i saw ,i %\ld say ! *annel 0 #hjj metres wide on ! av]age4 ,at a di/ance ( #hf kilometres f ,kh>t\m is ! ,%abluka or #f? cat>act4 ,"h ! ,nile desc5ds #f metres on a l5g? ( #ah kilometres4 ,two hundr$ & tw5ty kilometres bel[ ! cat>act ! ,atb>a fl[s into ! ,nile & repeats on a v small scale :at ! ,blue ,nile does at ,kh>t\m4 ,! ,atb>a is a flood torr5t & is dry f ,octob] to ,may4 ,9 flood x dis*>ges f a l[ maximum ( #a1gjj to a high maximum ( #e1jjj cubic metres p] second1 ) a mean maximum ( #c1ejj cubic metres4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,,blue ,,:ite ,,nile ,,gauges ,,flood ,,( #aijc4 ,,blue ,,:ite ,,nile ,,gauges ,,flood ,,( #aijd4 ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,9 ?is rea* ! ,nile has a maximum range ( #h metres & an ord9>y range ( #g metres4 ,tw5ty-f\r kilometres d[n/ream ( ! ,atb>a junction is ,b]b]1 & #de kilometres d[n/ream ( ,b]b] is ! beg9n+ ( ! #e? cat>act1 :i* has a l5g? ( #afj kilometres & a drop ( #ee metres ) ?ree pr9cipal rapids1 ! ,solimania1 ,baggra & ,mograt4 ,! village ( ,abu ,ham$ is situat$ at ! foot ( ?is ,cat>act4 ,betwe5 ,abu ,ham$ & ,dongola is ! #d? ,cat>act1 :i* beg9s at a po9t #ig kilometres d[n/ream ( ,abu ,ham$1 & has a l5g? ( #aaj kilometres ) a drop ( #di metres4 ,9 ?is s]ies ( rapids are ! ,um ,dras & ,gu]5did4 ,betwe5 ! #d? & #crd ,cat>acts is a rea* ( #cac kilometres on a slope 4 ,on ?is rea* is ! t[n ( ,dongola4 ,! #crd ,cat>act has a l5g? ( #gb kilometres & a drop ( #aa metres ) ! ,hannek & ,kaibr rapids1 survey$ & levell$ by ,de ,gottb]g 9 #aheg4 ,up/ream ( ! ,hannek rapid1 on ! left bank ( ! ,nile1 is ! t]m9ation ( ! long depression 9 ! des]ts :i* goes by ! "n ( ! ,wady-el-,kab & is consid]$ by _m z l[] ?an ! ,nile valley4 ,betwe5 ! #crd & #bnd ,cat>acts is an ord9>y rea* ( #aah kilometres4 ,we/ ( ?is "p ( ! ,nile are ! ,selima ,wells & accord+ to "s travell]s an old ab&on$ c\rse ( ! ,nile slightly above ! pres5t high level ( ! riv]4 ,?is wat]less riv] is said to t]m9ate 9 ! ,oasis ( ,b]ys :i* is sep>at$ f ! ,kh>geh ,oasis by a lime/one ridge4 ,! #bnd ,cat>act1 kn[n z ! 8,batn-el-,hagg>0 or 8,belly ( ,/one10 has a l5g? ( #bjj kilometres & a drop ( #ff metres ) ! rapids ( ,amra1 ,dal1 ,semna & ,abka4 ,at ,semna are ! rocks :]e ,lepsius discov]$ ! ,nile gauges cut by "o ( ! ,ph>aohs "s #d1jjj ye>s ago4 ,! ,nile flood record$ !re is #h metres high] ?an any flood ( to-day4 ,z ! ,nile at ,semna c\ld be v easily b>r$ by a dam1 x /ruck me :5 ,i 0 !re 9 #ahib t probably ,k+ ,am5emhat 7( ,lake ,mris fame7 _h tri$ to b> ! riv] ) a dam 9 ! hope ( creat+ a res]voir4 ,at ,wady ,halfa1 ne> ! foot ( ! #bnd ,cat>act1 a masonry gauge divid$ into metres has be5 erect$ & read s9ce #ahgg4 ,its accid5tal z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #aaf4fi & ! mean l[-wat] level1 or true z]o1 is ,r4 ,l4 #aag4hi4 ,betwe5 ! #a/ & #bnd ,cat>acts1 ! ,nile has a l5g? ( #cde kilometres & a slope ( 4 ,! mean wid? ( ! riv] is #ejj metres1 & ! mean dep?s 9 flood & summ] are #i & #b metres4 ,! velocity 9 summ] falls to #ej c5timetres p] second & rises to #b metres p] second 9 flood4 ,! riv] 9 ?is rea* is g5]ally )9 s&/one1 & ! great] "p is provid$ ) gigantic spurs on bo? banks4 ,^! spurs p]=m ! d\ble "w ( collect+ soil on ! sides 9 flood & tra9+ ! riv] 9 summ]4 ,!y 7 probably put up by ! great ,rameses #c1jjj ye>s ago1 z "s ( ! mo/ massive ( !m h evid5tly be5 con/ruct$ to turn ! riv] on a curve out ( its natural *annel on to ! opposite side 9 ord] to secure deep wat] 9 front ( ,rameses' temple ( ,j]f ,husa9 78,j]f0 means /eep1 sc\r$ bank74 ,! spurs h be5 con/ruct$ ) c>e1 & z ! c\rses ( r\ghly-dress$ /one c be exam9$ at fairly l[ wat] 7,i h nev] se5 !m at absolutely l[ wat]7 x is evid5t t !re has be5 no great degradation ( ! b$ dur+ ! la/ #b1jjj or #c1jjj ye>s4 ,! fir/1 or ,assun ,cat>act1 has a drop ( #e metres on a l5g? ( #e kilometres4 ,f ,kh>t\m to ,assun1 on a total l5g? ( #ahji kilometres1 !re are #efe kilometres ( s-call$ cat>acts ) a total drop ( #aib metres1 & #a1bdd kilometres ( ord9>y *annel ) a total drop ( #ajc metres4 ,at ! head ( ! #a/ ,cat>act is ! ,assun dam1 regulat$ on = ! fir/ "t 9 ,octob] #aijb4 ,x has #adj op5+s ( #b metres #g metres & #dj op5+s ( #b metres #c metres4 ,at ! foot ( ! #a/ ,cat>act1 opposite ! t[n ( ,assun1 on ! ,isl& ( ,elephant9e1 has /ood a ,nile gauge f v anci5t times4 ,an (fic] belong+ to ! ,roman g>rison 9 ! "t ( ! ,emp]or ,sev]us m>k$ an extraord9>ily high flood on ! gauge4 ,! maximum flood-m>k at ! "t ( ! visit ( ,napoleon's ,fr5* savants 0 h[ev] #b4aa metres high] ?an ! above4 ,z ! middle ( ,sev]us' reign 0 ,a4,d4 #bjj1 & ! visit ( ,fr5* savants ,a4 ,d4 #ahjj1 !y conclud$ t ! b$ & banks ( ! ,nile _h ris5 #b4aa metres 9 #afjj ye>s or #j4acb metres p] #ajj ye>s4 ,! new gauge divid$ into cubits & tw5ty-f\r?s 0 erect$ 9 #ahfi & has be5 record$ daily s9ce !n 7a cubit #ed c5timetres74 ,! accid5tal z]o ( ! gauge is ,r4 ,l4 #hd4af4 ,! mean l[-wat] level or true z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #he4jj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4 ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,nile ,,f ,,wady ,,halfa ,,to ,,gebel ,,silsilah ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,,cross ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,nile ,,valley ,,ne> ,,ibr,m ,,cross ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,nile ,,valley ,,ne> ,,assu,n ,,typical ,,cross ,,section ,,up/ream ,,( ,,assu,n ,,dam #bb4 ,! ,nile f ,assun to ! ,b>rage4--,f ,assun to ! ,b>rage1 ! l5g? ( ! riv] is #igc kilometres 9 summ] & #ibc 9 flood4 ,! slope 9 summ] is & 9 flood ,! mean fall ( ! valley is 4 ,! slopes v>y 9 ! diff]5t mean rea*es1 ! lea/ be+ 9 ! ,k5a ,mudiria & ! greate/ 9 ,b5i ,suef4 ,9 a high flood ) a rise ( #i metres at ,assun1 ! rise 9 ,k5a w be #i4e metres & only #h4b 9 ,b5i ,suef4 ,table #db gives ! mean areas ( cross sections ( ! ,nile1 :ile table #dd gives ! mean wid?s4 ,neglect+ spill *annels1 we may /ate t 9 a high flood ! mean area ( ! section ( ! ,nile is #g1ejj squ>e metres & ! mean wid? #ijj metres4 ,9 ! ,k5a ,mudiria1 ! area is #g1jjj squ>e metres & ! wid? #hjj metres1 :ile 9 ,b5i ,suef ! mean area is #h1jjj squ>e metres & ! mean wid? #a1jjj metres4 ,speak+ g5]ally x may be /at$ t :]e ! ,nile valley is n>r[ ! slope ( ! riv] is small1 its dep? great & wid? contract$2 :ile :]e ! valley is broad ! slope is great1 ! dep? small & ! wid? enl>g$4 ,! mean velocity 9 flood ranges betwe5 #b4j metres & #a4j metre p] second1 :ile ! velocity 9 summ] v>ies f #j4e to #j4i metre p] second4 ,we may say t ! ,nile 9 soil has a natural section ^: wid? 9 flood is #aaj times its dep?1 :ile its mean velocity is #a4ej metres p] second4 ,! natural canals1 :i* take (f ! riv] & :i* nev] silt1 h a mean velocity ( "s #fe c5timetres p] second1 :ile ! proportion ( wid? to dep? is ab\t #ab to #a4 ,artificial canals ( ?is section d n silt if _! velocities are #hj c5timetres p] second1 :ile silt+ takes place z readily :5 ! velocity is great] z :5 x is less ?an ! above4 ,9 muddy /reams1 l ! ,nile 9 flood1 c]ta9 velocities dem& c]ta9 proportions ( wid? to dep?1 & if ^! are n giv5 to x1 !y w make x = !mselves by eat+ away ! sides if !y c1 or1 if !y _c eat away ! sides1 by silt+ up & rais+ ! b$4 ,to ! nor? ( ,assi\t is situat$ ! ,assi\t weir or b>rage across ! ,nile ) #aaa op5+s ( #e metres & #aj metres dep? ( wat] 9 high flood4 ,x 0 regulat$ on = ! fir/ "t 9 ,augu/ #aijb4 ,on ,roda isl&1 opposite ,cairo1 has /ood a gauge f ! e>lie/ times4 ,x has be5 frequ5tly recon/ruct$4 ,! pres5t gauge is reput$ to h be5 erect$ 9 ,a4,d4 #hfa ) its z]o at ! same level z a m anci5t "o ^: read+s h be5 pres]v$ s9ce ,a4,d4 #fda4 ,:5 ! gauge 0 con/ruct$1 a read+ ( #af cubits meant ! l[e/ level at :i* flood irrigation c\ld be insur$ ev]y:]e4 ,! level to-day is #bj cubits on ! gauge & ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m is #a4bb metres4 ,z #a1jbf ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! con/ruction ( ! gauge x means a rise ( #ab c5timetres p] #ajj ye>s4 ,?is is slightly "u ! rise calculat$ at ,assun by ! ,fr5* savants4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! means ( ! maximum flood & l[ wat] levels p] c5tury3-- #g? c5tury #ag4e ,r4 ,l4 flood #aa4j ,r4 ,l4 l[ wat] #f4e ,diff]5ce4 #h? #ag4d #aa4a #f4c #i? #ag4e #aa4b #f4c #aj? #ag4e #aa4c #f4b #aa? #ag4e #aa4d #f4a #ab? #ag4g #aa4e #f4b #ac? #ag4g #aa4f #f4a #ad? #ag4i #aa4g #f4b #ae? #ah4b #aa4h #f4d #af? #ah4d #aa4i #f4e #ag? #ah4h #ab4j #f4h #ah? #ai4a #ab4a #g4a #ai? #ai4e #ab4b #g4c ,x is evid5t f ! above t ! head ( ! ,delta1 or ! bifurcation ( ! ,nile1 0 mu* ne>] to ,cairo 9 e>ly days ?an j n[1 & ! la/ ?ree c5turies h se5 great *anges4 ,! fall ( wat]surface is v consid]able at e bifurcation1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 mean high & l[ supply at ! ,b>rage to-day is #f4j metres aga9/ #g4b metres at ,cairo4 ,judg+ f ! above figures1 ,i %\ld say t f ! #g? to ! #ac? c5tury ! bifurcation 0 gradually approa*+ ,cairo1 :ile s9ce ! #ac? x has be5 rec$+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,nile ,,f ,,assuan ,,to ,,cairo ,,along ,,c5tre ,,l9e ,,( ,,flood ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,,cross ,,sections ,,( ,,! ,,nile ,,valley ,,9 ,,egypt ,! foll[+ table gives ! highe/ & l[e/ floods at ,cairo 9 int]vals ( #be ye>s f ,a4,d4 #fci to ,a4,d4 #aijd4 ,! gauges are 9 pics & kirats & are ref]r$ to mean l[ wat] or ,r4 ,l4 #abbe metres above mean sea4 ,ye>s ,,highe/ ,,maximum ,,l[e/ ,,maximum ,a4 ,d4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,pics4,kirats4,metres ,metres ,pics4,kirats4,metres ,metres ,r4 ,l4 ref]r$ ,r4 ,l4 ref]r$ to z]o to z]o at ,r4 ,l4 at ,r4 ,l4 #abbe #abbe ------------------------ ------------------------------------ #fci- #fej #ai 44 #ahaf #eia #ad #ba #afgd #ddi #fea- #fge #ai #bc #ahdb #fag #ae #ab #agjg #dhb #fgf- #gjj #ah #ag #ahjh #ehc #ac #f #aehg #cfb #gja- #gbe #ah #bb #ahad #ehi #ac #ah #afac #chh #gbf- #gej #ah #ac #ahjd #egi #ad #afbh #djc #gea- #gge #ah #aj #ahjj #ege #ad #ai #afgj #dde #ggf- #hjj #ah #d #agic #efh #ad #a #afbi #djd #hja- #hbe #ag #ah #aghb #eeg #ad #b #afca #djf #hbf- #hej #ag #ab #aggf #eea #ac #e #aehe #cfj #hea- #hge #ah #h #agih #egc #ae #ae #agae #dij #hgf- #ijj #ag #bb #aghf #efa #ad #bb #afgf #dea #ija- #ibe #ah #a #agij #efe #ac #d #aehc #ceh #ibf- #iej #ai 44 #ahaf #eia #ad #ag #affe #ddj #iea- #ige #ah #e #agid #efi #ad #ai #affj #dde #igf-ajjj #bf #bc #bafe #idj #ae #b #afhe #dfj -------------------------- #ajja-ajbe #ai #h #ahbe #fjj #ad #i #afdg #dbb #ajbf-ajej #ah #f #agie #egj #ae #i #agja #dgf #ajea-ajge #ag #ah #agga #edf #ab #c #aecj #cje -------------------------- #ajgf-aajj #ah #af #ahjg #ehb #ac #ag #afaa #chf #aaja-aabe #ai #a #ahag #eib #af #ab #agdh #ebc #aabf-aaej #ah #ah #ahji #ehd #af #i #agde #ebj #aaea-aage #ah #ah #ahji #ehd #ae #a #afhc #deh #aagf-abjj #ah #ad #ahje #ehj #ab #ba #aefh #cdc -------------------------- #abja-abbe #ah #h #agih #egc #ae #g #afif #dga #abbf-abej #ah #h #agih #egc #ad 44 #afbg #djb #abea-abge #ah #ag #ahjh #ehc #af #ab #agdh #ebh #abgf-acjj #ai #g #ahbd #eii #ae #ah #agbb #dig #acja-acbe #ah #ai #ahaj #ehe #af #b #agcg #eab #acbf-acej #ah #ba #ahac #ehh #af #e #agdj #eae #acea-acge #bd 44 #bjje #ghj #af #ah #agee #ecj -------------------------- #acgf-adjj #bj #c #ahdf #fba #af #ac #agej #ebe #adja-adbe #bj #ab #ahef #fca #af #ac #agej #ebe #adbf-adej #bj #ba #ahfg #fdb #ae #g #afif #dga #adea-adge #ah #h #agih #egc 44 44 44 44 #adgf-aejj #bj #ba #ahfg #fdb #ai #ag #ahee #fcj #aeja-aebe #bj #af #ahfa #fcf #af #agce #eaj #aebf-aeej 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aeea-aege 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aegf-afjj #bf 44 #baac #hhh #ah #h #agih #egc -------------------------- #afja-afbe #bd #e #bjaf #gia #ag #bc #aghh #efc -------------------------- #afbf-afej #ai 44 #ahaf #eia #ae 44 #afha #def #afea-afge #bb 44 #ahig #fgb 44 44 44 44 -------------------------- #afgf-agjj #bd 44 #bjje #ghj #bb 44 #ahig #fgb -------------------------- #agja-agbe #bc #d #aifj #gce #af 44 #agce #eaj #agbf-agej #bd #ab #bjcb #hjg #bj #ad #aheh #fcc -------------------------- #agea-agge #bd #ab #bjcb #hjg #ah #ag #ahjh #ehc -------------------------- #aggf-ahjj #bd 44 #bjje #ghj #ab #ab #aedi #cbd -------------------------- #ahja-ahbe #bb 44 #ahig #fgb #eh 44 #acad #jhi -------------------------- #ahbf-ahej #bd #i #bjbf #hja #ah #bc #ahae #eij -------------------------- #ahea-ahge #bf #ab #badj #iae #ai #ac #ahcj #fje -------------------------- #ahgf-aijj #bf #f #babg #ijb #ag #c #agfe #edj -------------------------- #aija-aijd 44 44 #aiah #fic 44 44 #ahjb #eig ,ye>s ,no (,rem>ks4 ,a4 ,d4 ye>s re- cord$4 ------------------------------- #fci- #fejaa ye>s #fea- #fgebe #fgf- #gjjbe #gja- #gbebe #gbf- #gejbe #gea- #ggebe #ggf- #hjjbe #hja- #hbebe #hbf- #hejbe #hea- #hgebe #hgf- #ijjbe #ija- #ibebe #ibf- #iejbe #iea- #igebd #igf-ajjjbe ,max4 ye> #aii #ajja-ajbebe #ajbf-ajejbe #ajea-ajgebe ,m94 ye> #ajgj #ajgf-aajjbd #aaja-aabebe #aabf-aaejbd #aaea-aagebe #aagf-abjjbe ,m94 ye> #aaii #abja-abbebe #abbf-abejbe #abea-abgebc #abgf-acjjbe #acja-acbebe #acbf-acejbe #acea-acgebd ,max4 ye> #acei #acgf-adjjbe #adja-adbebd #adbf-adejbc #adea-adge #a #adgf-aejj #b #aeja-aebeai #aebf-aeej 44 #aeea-aege 44 44 #aegf-afjjaa ye>s,max4 ye> #aehg #afja-afbeai #afjb #afbf-afej #c #afea-afge #a ,max4 ye> #affi #afgf-agjj #c #afig #agja-agbeah #agbf-agejbd ,max4 ye> #agch #agea-aggebe #agef #aggf-ahjjbe #aggi #ahja-ahbe #c ,m94 ye> #ahji #ahbf-ahejbe ,max4 ye> #ahej #ahea-ahgebe #ahgd #ahgf-aijjbe #ahgh #aija-aijd #d ,m94 ye> #ahgg #e ,!re is an error "h 9 ! records4 ,at ,assun ! ,nile has a mean range ( #g4ij metres betwe5 high & l[ supply1 ) a maximum ( #i4hj metres & a m9imum ( #f4dj metres4 ,! high supply v>ies betwe5 #ac1bjj & #f1ejj cubic metres p] second1 ) a mean ( #aj1jjj cubic metres p] second1 :ile ! l[ supply v>ies betwe5 #cej & #adjj cubic metres p] second ) a mean ( #eij cubic metres p] second4 ,septemb] is g5]ally ! highe/ mon? & ,may ! l[e/4 ,! mean l[ wat] level is ,r4 ,l4 #he4jj4 ,at ,cairo ! ,nile has a mean range ( #g4jj metres ) a maximum ( #i4f metres & a m9imum ( #e4c metres4 ,! high supply v>ies betwe5 #ab1jjj & #d1hjj cubic metres p] second ) a mean ( #g1fjj cubic metres p] second1 :ile ! l[ supply v>ies betwe5 #a1cjj & #bej cubic metres p] second1 ) a mean ( #ejj cubic metres p] second4 ,octob] is ! highe/ mon? & ,june ! l[e/4 ,! mean l[ wat] level is at ,r4 ,l4 #ab4be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,,cross ,,sections ,,( ,,! ,,nile ,,its ,,tribut>ies ,horizontal ,scale #a 3 #b4jjj ,v]tical ,scale #a 3 #ejj ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,no4 #ai4 ,riv] ,rahad at ,khor ,ab\ ,seghire #bj km4 above ! ,nile junction ,no4 #bj4 ,atb>a ,riv] at ,kha%im al ,girba #daj km4 f ,nile ,no4 #ba4 ,atb>a ,riv] at ,khor ,abad> #be km4 f ,nile ,no4 #bb4 ,nile at ,manfal\t ,no4 #bc4 ,rosetta ,bran* at ,khatatba ,no4 #bd4 ,damietta ,bran* at ,b5ha ,tables #da to #eb ref] to ! ,nile betwe5 ,assun & ! ,b>rage at ! head ( ! ,delta prop]4 ,table #df gives ! ,r$uc$ ,level ( ! mean l[ wat] level ( ! ,nile at v>i\s po9ts betwe5 ,assun & ,cairo4 ,if1 = example1 x is kn[n t ! wat] surface at any "t ( ! ye> at ,assi\t is ,r4 ,l4 #ej4hj1 we "k ! mean l[ wat] by ! ,irrigation ,dep>tm5t levels is #de4je4 ,! gauge is !re=e #e4ge1 & by turn+ to ,table #cg we "k ! dis*>ge4 ,table #cg gives ! dis*>ges ( ! riv] = gauges ref]r$ to ! mean l[ wat] level4 ,betwe5 ,esna & ,k5a ! table is 9 excess ( ! tru?1 & betwe5 ,assi\t & ,b5i-,suef x is slightly "u4 ,tak5 all r\nd ! table is reliable1 calculat$ f ! means ( hundr$s ( dis*>ges & c>efully prep>$4 ,table #de gives ! slope ( ! wat] surface ( ! ,nile 9 flood & 9 summ] betwe5 ,assun & ,cairo4 ,ow+ to ! m w9d+ track ( ! l[ supply ?an ( ! flood wat]s1 ! =m] is #idh kilometres & ! flood #ijj4 ,! slope 9 summ] is & 9 high flood 4 ,! o!r tables ne$ no explanation4 #bc4 ,! ,rosetta & ,damietta ,bran*es4--,plates ,,xvii & ,,xviii give longitud9al sections ( ! two bran*es ( ! ,nile & _! cross sections are giv5 on ,plate ,,xi4 ,dur+ w9t]1 summ]1 & l[ floods1 regulation at ! ,b>rage int]f]es ) ! natural dis*>ges ( ! two bran*es4 ,! ,damietta bran* is gradually silt+ up & decreas+ 9 size1 :ile ! ,rosetta bran* sc\rs 9 high floods4 ,! mean wid? ( ! ,rosetta bran* is #ejj metres1 & ! mean area ( ! section 9 flood is #djjj squ>e metres4 ,! mean wid? ( ! ,damietta bran* is #bgj metres & ! mean section #bgjj squ>e metres4 ,! mean velocity ( ! floods range f #a4jj metre to #a4fj metres p] second4 ,9 summ] ! bran*es are h]metically clos$ at _! heads & receive only ! wat] :i* filt]s into !m f ! subsoil4 ,?is 9 ! ,rosetta bran* am\nts to #bj cubic metres p] second1 & less 9 ! ,damietta bran*4 ,x may be not$ "h t at ,cairo ! gird] bridge at ,kasr-el-,nil is #djc metres betwe5 ! abutm5ts & ! small] bridge is #agh metres1 mak+ a total wid? ( #eha metres4 ,! wid? ( ! ,kafr ,zayat bridge on ! ,rosetta bran* is #ecj metres1 :ile ! old ,b5ha bridge on ! ,damietta bran* is #bhe metres4 ,! av]age dep? ( wat] 9 flood 9 ! two bran*es may be tak5 z #g metres4 ,! b>rage at ! head ( ! ,rosetta bran* has #fa op5+s ( #e metres ea* & "o lock #ae metres wide & ! o!r #ab metres4 ,!y are all op5 9 high flood4 ,! ,damietta b>rage has #fa op5+s ( #e metres & "o lock ( #ab metres4 ,! dep? ( wat] 9 a high flood is #i metres4 ,! ,rosetta b>rage has #aj op5+s too few1 & ! ,damietta b>rage #ae op5+s too _m4 ,be=e ! con/ruction ( ! ,b>rage 9 ! middle ( ! #ai? c5tury1 ! maximum dis*>ges ( ! two bran*es at ! head ( ! ,delta 7 ne>ly ! same4 ,a little l[] d[n1 h[ev]1 ! ,rosetta bran* _h consid]ably m wat] ?an ! ,damietta4 ,ab\t #b kilometres bel[ ! ,b>rage !re 0 a bran* call$ ! ,%alakan bran* :i* fl[$ f ! ,damietta into ! ,rosetta bran*4 ,ab\t #bj kilometres bel[ ! ,b>rage1 ! ,bahr ,f]\nieh took ab\t ! total dis*>ge ( ! ,damietta bran* & l$ x into ! ,rosetta bran*4 ,bo? ^! 7 clos$ by ,mehemet ,ali1 :ile at ! same "t ! ,bahrs ,sirsawiah1 ,baguria1 ,%eb91 ,khadrawiah1 ,moes1 ,um-,salama1 ,bohia & ,sogair 7 also completely clos$ or provid$ ) regulat+ heads1 :i* v consid]ably dim9i%$ _! dis*>ge4 ,dur+ ! "t t !y _h be5 op5 ! ,damietta bran* _h lo/ wat] at e kilometre z x approa*$ ! sea1 & ?\gh #djj metres wide at ! head x _h a *annel only #bjj metres wide 9 its l[] rea*es4 ,! ,rosetta bran* on ! o!r h& receiv$ ! tail wat]s ( _m ,bahrs & _h only "o escape1 ! ,bahr ,saidi ne> its tail4 ,! clos+ ( s _m escapes on ! ,damietta bran* has caus$ ?is bran* 9 its upp] rea*es to c>ry s mu* wat] t its tail rea*es c n c>ry x )\t hav+ ! surface ( ! wat] rais$ inord9ately & dang]\sly above ! level ( ! c\ntry4 ,an exam9ation ( ! longitud9al sections w %[ t :ile ! ,rosetta bran* 9 its middle rea*es is f #a4ej to #b4jj metres above ! level ( ! c\ntry 9 a high flood1 ! ,damietta bran* is f #b4ej to #c4jj metres4 ,!y w also %[ h[ ! slope 9 ! e>ly rea*es ( ! ,damietta bran* is consid]ably less ?an t 9 ! e>ly rea*es ( ! ,rosetta bran*1 :i* results 9 ! gradual silt+ up ( ! =m] z already not$4 ,! ,k>ana9 regulator at ! head ( ! old ,bahr ,%eb91 tak+ f ! ,damietta bran* bel[ ! ,bahr ,f]\niah1 0 built 9 #ahdb by ,l9ant ,pa%a1 ) its w+ wall #fj c5timetres high] ?an any previ\s flood4 ,by #ahgj ! ,damietta bran* _h ris5 #gj c5timetres above ! w+ wall z measur$ by ,l9ant ,pa%a4 ,9 #ahgh1 ?\gh ! ,damietta bran* 0 reliev$ by ! ,gizeh brea* 9 ! left bank ( ! ,ma9 ,nile :i* dra9$ into ! ,rosetta bran*1 ! flood wat] surface ( ! ,damietta bran* at ,k>ana9 0 #a4ej metres above ! w+ wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvii4 ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,rosetta ,,bran* ,longitud9al ,scale #a 3 #ajj1jjj ,v]tical ,scale #a 3 #a1jjj ,measurem5t along ! "r bank ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,damietta ,,bran* ,longitud9al ,scale #a 3 #ajj1jjj ,v]tical ,scale #a 3 #a1jjj ,measurem5t along ! left bank ,! maximum1 m9imum & mean floods 9 ! ,rosetta bran* are #f1ejj1 #b1fjj & #d1jjj cubic metres p] second4 ,9 ! ,damietta bran* !y are #d1fjj1 #a1cjj & #b1cjj cubic metres p] second respectively4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! utilisation ( ! ,nile4 #bd4 ,! ,nile 9 flood4--,we are n[ 9 a position to apply our k ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies to an exam9ation ( ! behavi\r ( ! riv]s 9 flood & 9 "t ( l[ supply4 ,lake ,victoria1 ! ,victoria ,nile1 & ,lake ,alb]t may all be consid]$ z ! great equatorial regulators ( ! ,nile4 ,! riv]1 z a riv]1 beg9s at ! outlet ( ,lake ,alb]t1 i4e41 at ! head ( ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,g5]ally at its l[e/ 9 ,april1 x rises gradually & rea*es its maximum 9 ,novemb]4 ,! mean m9imum ( #fjj cubic metres p] second is gradually increas$ to its mean maximum ( #ijj cubic metres4 ,! regulat+ effect ( ! lakes is v evid5t4 ,betwe5 ,lake ,alb]t & ,gondokoro ! heavi] ra9s beg9 late 9 ,april & ) a break 9 ,june & ,july cont9ue to ,novemb]4 ,! mean m9imum dis*>ge ( #fjj cubic metres p] second 9 ,april is increas$ by alt]nat+ rises & falls to ! mean maximum ( #afjj cubic metres p] second 9 ,septemb]1 :i* has disappe>$ by ! end ( ,novemb]1 :5 ! wat] ( ,lake ,alb]t alone rema9s 9 ! riv]4 ,! ,gazelle riv] 9 no way affects ! flood or ! l[ supply4 ,its great function is to ma9ta9 ! levels ( ! great swamps betwe5 latitudes #g & #i1 saturate ! soil1 & prev5t ! complete disappe>ance ( ! wat]s ( ! ,alb]t ,nile betwe5 ,janu>y & ,may4 ,! functions ?is riv] p]=ms are humble ones1 b depriv$ ( its aid1 ! ,nile nor? ( ,kh>t\m w\ld frequ5tly be dry 9 ,april & ,may4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile at its tail j up/ream ( ! m\? ( ! ,sobat is at its l[e/ 9 ,april & ,may ) a mean l[ dis*>ge ( #cge cubic metres p] second1 :5 x is jo9$ by ! ,sobat riv] ) an approximate mean l[ dis*>ge ( #abe cubic metres p] second2 mak+ a jo9t dis*>ge = ! head ( ! ,:ite ,nile ( #ejj cubic metres p] second z a mean m9imum4 ,n[ beg9s "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ op]ations ( any 9 ! :ole valley ( ! ,nile1 exce$$ only 9 int]e/ by :at happ5s at ,kh>t\m l[] d[n4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile & ! ,sobat riv] bo? rise toge!r1 ! ,alb]t ,nile on a v g5tle slope freely ov]fl[+ its banks 9 ! ,sudd region1 & ! ,sobat riv] conf9$ )9 its *annel dur+ its highe/ floods4 ,! ,:ite ,nile has a v g5tle slope1 little c>ry+ capacity & is q incapable ( tak+ on bo? floods4 ,! wat] rises at ! junction & ! ,sudd region becomes a res]voir flood$ to a dep? ( #c metres4 ,z ! ,sobat riv] increases its dis*>ge gradually f #ge cubic metres p] second 9 ,april to #ajjj cubic metres p] second 9 ,octob] & ,novemb] 7= x is conf9$ to its *annel71 ! ,alb]t ,nile decreases ! actual dis*>ge x s5ds d[n ! ,:ite ,nile & increases :at x spreads ov] ! ,sudd region4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile1 hav+ increas$ its quota = ! ,:ite ,nile f #cge 9 ,april to #dej cubic metres p] second 9 ,septemb]1 gives less 9 ,octob] & ,novemb] & gradually passes on its wat]s 9 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y & ,febru>y :5 ! ,sobat has fall54 ,! ,:ite ,nile at its head ne> ,tewfikieh has its mean m9imum ( #ejj cubic metres p] second 9 ,april1 & increases sl[ly to its mean maximum ( #aejj cubic metres p] second 9 ,decemb]4 ,dur+ ?is int]val its wat] surface is rais$ by #cej metres4 ,?is wat] travels v sl[ly on to ,kh>t\m1 :]e ! mean m9imum is #dej cubic metres p] second 9 ,may1 ! slope is v insignificant1 & ! tr\gh ( ! riv] is #aejj metres wide4 ,at ,kh>t\m ! ,:ite ,nile meets ! ,blue ,nile4 ,no great] contra/ exi/s 9 ! _w4 ,if maximum dis*>ges are alone consid]$1 ! little f+] ( ! ,blue ,nile is ?ick] ?an ! lo9s ( ! ,:ite ,nile4 ,! ,blue ,nile is at its l[e/ on ! #a/ ,may ) a mean m9imum supply ( #bjj cubic metres p] second ris+ to a mean maximum flood ( #aj1jjj cubic metres p] second on ! #a/ ,septemb]4 ,! flood has fall5 to #bjjj cubic metres p] second by ! middle ( ,novemb]4 ,up to ! middle ( ,july ! ,blue & ,:ite ,niles keep increas+ _! dis*>ges /eadily at ,kh>t\m1 b aft] t date ! ,blue ,nile gauge & dis*>ge rise rapidly toge!r1 & ! ,blue ,nile n only fe$s ! ,ma9 ,nile1 b fl[s up ! ,:ite ,nile & arre/s its dis*>ge1 s t at ,duem1 #bjj kilometres above ,kh>t\m1 ! ,:ite ,nile dis*>ge decreases 9 ,july & ,augu/ :ile ! ,blue ,nile is /eadily fl[+ up ! ,:ite ,nile valley & conv]t+ x into a res]voir = ! ,nile 9 w9t]4 ,x is only aft] ! #ae? ,septemb]1 :5 ! ,blue ,nile has begun to fall /eadily & cont9u\sly t ! ,:ite ,nile dis*>ge really comm5ces & rea*es its mean maximum ( "s #bjjj cubic metres p] second 9 ,octob]4 ,! mean m9imum dis*>ge ( ! ,nile ( #fej cubic metres p] second at ,kh>t\m is obta9$ on ! #a/ ,may & ! mean maximum ( #ijjj cubic metres p] second on ! #a/ ,septemb]4 ,f$ by ! ,:ite ,nile res]voir ! riv] falls comp>atively sl[ly4 ,:e!r ?is peculi> relation ( ! two riv]s to ea* o!r c\ld n be tak5 advantage ( to increase ! supply 9 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y & ,febru>y1 & decrease x 9 ,octob] & ,novemb] by means ( a regulat+ dam built across ! ,:ite ,nile at ,kh>t\m is wor?y ( /udy4 ,i greatly pref] ! idea ( /or+ ! flood wat]s ( ! ,:ite ,nile at ,kh>t\m to any /orage ( ! ,alb]t ,nile wat] above ! junction ( ! ,sobat riv]4 ,a regulator above ! ,sobat junction w\ld /ore up a v consid]able quantity ( wat]1 b ! quality w\ld be v d\btful & possibly dang]\s to heal?4 ,at ,el ,dam]1 s\? ( ,b]b]1 ! ,atb>a fl[s into ! ,nile4 ,dry f ,janu>y to ,may1 ! flood beg9s 9 ,june & is at its maximum z a rule 9 ! la/ week ( ,augu/2 ) a mean high flood dis*>ge ( #cejj cubic metres p] second4 ,?is wat] _c come on to ,assun )\t fill+ up ! #bjj kilometres d[n/ream ( ! #f? cat>act :]e ! slope ( ! ,nile is g5tle & ! riv] l5ds itself to be+ us$ z a res]voir4 ,x is ow+ to ! fact t none ( ! ma9 fe$]s ( ! ,nile fl[ 9 imm$iately bel[ cat>acts t ! rise & fall ( ! ,nile 9 ,egypt1 is s regul> & con/ant4 ,if ! ,sobat1 ,blue ,nile & ,atb>a all fl[$ into ! ,:ite or ,ma9 ,niles bel[ cat>acts we %\ld h floods 9 ,egypt ^: sudd5 *anges ( level & fluctuations w\ld be an un5d+ s\rce ( dang] to ! c\ntry4 ,x is ow+ to ! e>l9ess ( ! ,atb>a high flood & ! comp>ative lat5ess ( ! ,nile high flood1 t ! ord9>y maximum dis*>ge ( ! ,nile at ,assun is only #aj1jjj cubic metres p] second4 ,?is is g5]ally on ! #e? ,septemb]4 ,:5 ! monsoon is e>ly ! maximum at ,assun is rea*$ be=e or on ! #e? ,septemb]2 :5 ! monsoon is late ! maximum is rea*$ ab\t ! #bj? ,septemb]4 ,an e>ly maximum at ,assun is g5]ally foll[$ by a l[ summ]1 :ile a late maximum is g5]ally foll[$ by a high summ] supply4 ,only once has ?is rule be5 brok5 & t 0 9 #ahia :5 !re 7 two maxima1 "o on ! #d? ,septemb] & ano!r on ! #bg?4 ,9 ?is ye> !re mu/ h be5 an extraord9>y fall ( ra9 9 ,abyss9ia 9 ,septemb]1 = ! flood ( ! #bg? ,septemb] 0 v muddy1 :ile z a rule ! riv] at ,assun is v muddy 9 ,augu/1 less s 9 ,septemb]1 /ill less s 9 ,octob] & mu* less 9 ,novemb] :5 ! ,:ite ,nile is ! rul+ factor 9 ! supply ( ! riv]4 ,if ! ,septemb] ra9s 9 ,abyss9ia are v heavy1 an ord9>y flood passes ,assun at ! end ( ,septemb] & is disa/r\s = ,egypt4 ,?is happ5$ 9 #ahgh4 ,table #bf conta9s details ( ?is flood1 ( ! m9imum flood ye> #ahgg & ! mean ( ! #bj ye>s f #ahgc to #ahib4 ,at ,assun ! ,nile ent]s ,egypt1 & x n[ rema9s to consid] x 9 its la/ #a1bjj kilometres4 ,! mean m9imum dis*>ge at ,assun is #eij cubic metres p] second & is rea*$ ab\t ! end ( ,may4 ,! riv] rises sl[ly till ab\t ! #bj? ,july & !n rapidly ?r\gh ,augu/1 rea*+ its maximum ab\t ! #e? ,septemb]1 & !n fall+ v sl[ly ?r\gh ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,! deep p]5nial irrigation canals take wat] all ! ye> r\nd1 b ! flood irrigation canals are clos$ ) e>!n banks till ! #ae? ,augu/1 & are !n all op5$4 ,^! flood canals1 ( :i* !re are "s #de1 are capable ( dis*>g+ #b1jjj cubic metres p] second at ! beg9n+ ( an ord9>y ye>1 #c1fjj cubic metres p] second 9 a maximum ye>1 & h an imm$iate effect on ! dis*>ge ( ! ,nile4 ,! *annel ( ! ,nile itself & its num]\s bran*es & arms consume a consid]able quantity ( wat] 7! cubic cont5ts ( ! tr\gh ( ! ,nile betwe5 ,assun & ,cairo are #g1jjj1jjj1jjj cubic metres71 ! direct irrigation f ! ,nile betwe5 ,assun & ,cairo takes #ej cubic metres p] second1 #acj cubic metres p] second are lo/ by evaporation (f ! ,nile1 & #djj cubic metres p] second by absorption4 ,ow+ to all ^! diff]5t causes1 !re is ! net result t1 f ,augu/ #ae? to ,octob] #a/1 ! ,nile is dis*>g+ #b1djj cubic metres p] second less at ,cairo ?an ,assun4 ,dur+ ,octob] & ,novemb] ! flood canals are clos$1 & ! bas9s :i* h be5 fill$ 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb] dis*>ge back into ! ,nile1 & 9 ,octob] ! ,nile at ,cairo is dis*>g+ #ijj cubic metres p] second 9 excess ( ! dis*>ge at ,assun & #ejj cubic metres p] second 9 excess 9 ,novemb]4 ,! mean m9imum dis*>ge at ,cairo is #ejj cubic metres p] second & is atta9$ on ! #ae? ( ,june2 ! riv] rises sl[ly ?r\gh ,july & fairly quickly 9 ,augu/1 & rea*es its ord9>y maximum on ! #a/ ,octob] :5 ! bas9s are full & ! dis*>ge f ! bas9s is j beg9n+4 ,! ord9>y maximum dis*>ge at ,cairo is ab\t #g1fjj cubic metres p] second4 ,?r\gh ,octob] ! ,nile at ,cairo is practically /ation>y1 & falls rapidly 9 ,novemb]4 ,nor? ( ,cairo are ! heads ( ! p]5nial canals :i* irrigate ! ,delta prop]4 ,! canals1 ) _! fe$]s l[] d[n1 dis*>ge #a1bjj cubic metres p] second1 & ! ord9>y maximum flood at ,cairo ( #g1fjj cubic metres p] second is r$uc$ by ?is am\nt betwe5 ,cairo & ! sea4 ,( ! #f1djj cubic metres p] second :i* rema91 #d1ajj cubic metres p] second f9d _! way to ! sea d[n ! ,rosetta bran*1 & #b1cjj cubic metres p] second d[n ! ,damietta bran*4 ,dur+ extraord9>y floods ! ,damietta bran* has dis*>g$ #d1cjj cubic metres p] second & ! ,rosetta bran* #g1jjj cubic metres p] second4 #be4 ,! ,nile 9 l[ supply4--,we h s f> consid]$ ! ,nile 9 flood1 x n[ rema9s to quickly dispose ( ! l[ supply4 ,aft] rea*+ its maximum1 ! ,atb>a1 :i* is a torr5tial riv]1 falls m rapidly ?an o!rs1 & by ! end ( ,septemb] has practically disappe>$2 aft] ! middle ( ,septemb] ! ,blue ,nile falls quickly1 :ile ! ,:ite ,nile ) its l>ge bas91 g5tle fl[ & num]\s res]voirs1 falls v delib]ately4 ,! mean m9imum dis*>ge ( ! ,:ite ,nile at ,gondokoro 9 an ord9>y ye>1 at ! "t ( l[ supply1 is #fjj cubic metres p] second4 ,( ! ,sobat riv] x is #ajj cubic metres p] second4 ,by ! "t ! wat] rea*es ,kh>t\m x is r$uc$ to #dej cubic metres p] second4 ,! mean l[ supply ( ! ,blue ,nile is #bjj cubic metres p] second1 giv+ a mean l[ supply to ! ,nile at ,kh>t\m ( #fej cubic metres p] second4 ,! ,atb>a supplies no?+4 ,betwe5 ,kh>t\m & ,assun !re is a fur!r loss ( #fj cubic metres p] second1 & ! mean l[ supply deliv]$ at ,assun is #eij cubic metres p] second4 ,9 v bad ye>s ! dis*>ge at ,assun has fall5 to #djj cubic metres p] second4 ,lomb>d9i 0 no untrue prophet :5 he wrote t he 0 conv9c$ t ! m c>efully ! dis*>ges 7 tak5 & ! results kn[n1 ! m w\ld eng9e]s be a/oni%$ at ! extraord9>y am\nt ( ! subsoil wat] :i* filt]$ into ! ,nile f ! head ( ! ,:ite ,nile to ! sea1 & :i* gave back to ! ,nile 9 ! mon?s ( deflux ( ! riv]1 ! wat] :i* _h p]colat$ into ! soil dur+ ! afflux4 ,he pr$ict$ t heavy z ! evaporation 0 9 ,april1 ,may & ,june 9 ! ,nile valley1 ! influx ( subsoil wat] w\ld be f\nd to c\nt]balance x4 ,:5 we calculate ! ext5t ( ! wat] us$ 9 irrigation along ! c\rse ( ! ,nile1 & comp>e ! dis*>ges at ,tewfikieh1 ,kh>t\m1 ,assun1 ,cairo & at ! tails ( ! ,rosetta & ,damietta bran*es dur+ ! "t ( l[ supply we c only admire ! p]spicacity ( ! greate/ hydraulic eng9e] ( ! la/ c5tury4 #bf4 ,nile wat]4--,= ! foll[+ in=mation ,i am pr9cipally indebt$ to ,m4 ,j4 ,b>ois' 8,les irrigations en ,egypte0 j publi%$1 & to an article by ,mr ,g4 ,p4 ,foad5 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,kh$ivial ,agricultural ,society = ,janu>y #aijc4 ,! col\r ( ,nile wat] is g5]ally a pale yell[1 b 9 ,june1 :5 ! fir/ indications ( ! com+ flood are giv5 by a cont9u\s g5tle rise ( ! riv] f its m9imum gauge1 ! wat] *anges to gre5 & rema9s s = two or ?ree weeks4 ,?is gre5 wat] has a v disagreeable ta/e & od\r1 & is especially objectionable :5 ! ,nile has be5 v l[ & ! rise is a sl[ "o4 ,9 ,june #aijj x 0 extraord9>ily bad1 & ! riv] wat] 0 s poor 9 oxyg5 t /&+ on ,kasr-el-,nil bridge at ,cairo "o c\ld see ! surface ( ! wat] cov]$ ) fi% :i* app>5tly c\ld only live ne> ! surface4 ,9 ! deep rea*es ne> ,kalab%a 9 ,nubia1 ! fi% di$ 9 myriads4 ,?is gre5 wat] is attribut$ by "s to ! imm5se am\nt ( vegetable matt] br\ght d[n by ! ,:ite ,nile f ! ,sudd region4 ,"s say t x comes pr9cipally ) ! fir/ rise ( ! ,sobat riv]4 ,b ! g5]ally accept$ !ory to-day is t ! gre5 wat] is ! result ( vegetable gr[?s f g]ms is ! wat] itself1 & t :]ev] or :5ev] ! curr5t becomes exce$+ly slack !y multiply greatly4 ,up/ream ( ! ,assun dam 9 ,june #aijc ! wat] 0 extraord9>ily gre5 & exce$+ly objectionable4 ,z x 0 %ot out ( ! upp] sluices ( ! dam & brok5 up into spray on ! d[n/ream side ( ! dam x became s purifi$ t ,i f\nd x difficult to und]/& t ! wat] fl[+ pa/ ,elephant9e ,isl& 0 :at ,i _h se5 at ,%ellal4 ,! gre5 wat] is foll[$ by ! r$ wat] ( ! ,nile flood1 :i* has always ?or\ghly e/abli%$ itself at ,cairo by ! #a/ ( ,augu/4 ,?is r$ wat] comes f ! sc\r+s ( ! volcanic plateau ( ,abyss9ia by ! ,blue ,nile & ! ,atb>a4 ,ri* 9 mud & ri* 9 manures1 ?is r$ wat] is ! creator ( ,egypt4 ,egypt is no?+ m ?an ! deposit left by ! ,nile 9 flood4 ,! wat] is mo/ heavily *>g$ ) detritus 9 ,augu/1 less 9 ,septemb]1 & /ill less 9 ,octob]4 ,_m analyses h be5 made ( ,nile wat]4 ,foll[+ ,m4 ,b>ois1 ,i place side by side ! analysis ( ,dr4 ,le!by ( #ahgdge & ,dr4 ,mack5zie ( #ahif_/ig_/ih4 ,! ye> #ahgd 0 an extraord9>ily high flood4 ,mon?4 ,,p>ts ,,9 #ajj1jjj ,,( ,,wat] ---------------------------- ,dr4 ,dr4 ,! ,mean ,mack5zie4,le!by4( ! two ------------------------------------- ,janu>y #caj #afg #bgd ,febru>y #bec #abf #bba ,m>* #abg #ec #aji ,april #aeh #ff #ace ,may #adg #dh #abb ,june #ada #fi #abc ,july #aci #agh #adh ,augu/ #aeij #adib #aeff ,septemb] #aefa #ecc #acjd ,octob] #aajj #cgh #ibh ,novemb] #gjh #cdd #fag ,decemb] #dgj #bhi #dbd ------------------------------------- ,mean #efj #cac #dih ,f ?is la/ column ,m4 ,b>ois concludes t 9 high floods #ajj1jjj1jjj tons ( solid matt] pass ,assun1 & #hh1jjj1jjj 9 mean floods4 ,x is un=tunate t we h no analyses ( l[ floods l #ahgg1 #hh1 #ii1 #aijb & #aijd :i* 7 extraord9>ily muddy4 ,! wat] _h little s& b mu* mud4 ,! s& is sc\r$ out ( ! b$ ( ! riv] itself 9 high floods4 ,aft] ,dr4 ,le!by ! composition ( ,nile deposit is z foll[s3-- ,9 flood4,9 l[ supply4 ----------------------- ,organic matt] #aejb #ajcg ,phosphoric acid #agh #eg ,lime #bjf #cah ,magnesia #aab #ii ,pota% #ahb #ajf ,soda #ia #fb ,alum9a & oxide ( iron #bjib #bcee ,silica #eeji #ehbb ,c>bonic acid & loss #abh #add ---------------------------------------- -------- ,total #ajjjj #ajjjj ,comp>ative analyses ( subsoil wat] 9 ,egypt & ,nile wat] 9 "t ( l[ supply are giv5 bel[4 ,,p>ts ,,9 #ajj1jjj ,dissolv$ matt]4 ----------------------- ,well wat]4,summ] wat] 9 ,nile4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,lime #afef #dbd ,magnesia #dec #ajj ,soda #hbj #fbj ,pota% #cg #add ,*lor9e #acfj #fg ,sulphuric acid #eic #baf ,nitric acid #ag --,traces ,silica1 alum9a & oxide ( iron #ahj #ig ,organic ,matt]s #fj #age ,c>bonic oxide & loss #abbf #djc ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #fdjb #bbdf ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,nile wat] 9 ! "t ( l[ supply consi/s 9 a v appreciable "p ( subsoil wat] :i* has filt]$ into ! ,nile4 ,mr4 ,foad5 /ates t1 speak+ 9 r\nd numb]s1 we may say t ,nile deposit 9 flood conta9s ,nitrog5 #a p] c5t ,phosphoric acid #b ,pota% #f ,he values ! manure deposit$ by ! ,nile annually 9 a well irrigat$ bas9 at #ge4 ,he concludes t ,nile wat] 9 flood is ri* 9 pota%1 fairly ri* 9 phosphoric acid & poor 9 nitrog54 #bg4 ,! soil ( ! ,nile valley4--,accord+ to num]\s analyses made ( ,egyptian soil 9 #ahgb by ,,mm4 ,pay51 ,*ampion & ,ga/9el1 ! soil ( ,egypt consi/s ( ,silica #de p] c5t ,argile #ec ,magnesia #b to #af ,lime #ac to #di ,nitrog5 #jc to #aj ,phosphoric acid #jc to #cb ,"s /iff soils conta9 #hd p] c5t argile & "s light soils conta9 #fh p] c5t s&4 ,z "o approa*es ! ,m$it]ranean ! quantity ( *loride ( soda increases & runs f a fraction to #d1 #e1 & ev5 #aj p] c5t4 ,f ! means ( t5 samples ( soil f ,k5a ,mudirieh analys$ = me 9 ,may by ,mr4 ,frank ,hughes ( ! ,agricultural ,society we ga!r t ! con/itu5ts ( ! soil are z foll[s3-- ,+r$i5ts4 ,max 4,m9 4,mean 4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,silica etc41 insoluble 9 /rong acid#ff #ec #fj ,total ,lime #chj #bej #ccd ,total ,pota% #aai #df #gd ,total ,pota% available #jgb #jbj #jdb ,total ,phosphoric ,acid #di #bj #ce ,total ,phosphoric available #jij #jbi #jff ,c>bonic ,acid ,*alk #ceb #agi #bfi ,nitrog5 #ajf #jef #jhd ,we h "h a g5]al suffici5cy ( phosphoric acid1 pl5ty ( pota% & lime1 & a l[ proportion ( nitrog54 ,! salts ( ! soil1 :5 9 excess1 are *lorides & sulphates ( soda3 ! c>bonates are pres5t 9 v small quantities inde$4 ,! foll[+ selection f a pap] by ,mr4 ,lang ,&]son 9 ! ,decemb] #aijc numb] ( ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,kh$ivial ,agricultural ,society is int]e/+4 8,voelck]'s analyses ( ! two samples ( soil tak5 f ! dra9$ b$ ( :at 0 ,lake ,edku ne> ,alex&ria give ! foll[+ results3-- ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #b4 ---------------------------------------- -- ,oxide ( iron #aafi #aajd ,iron pyrites #jjh #jaa ,alum9ium #fcf #ajhh ,lime #bjh #ggc ,magnesia #agi #jic ,soda #jgi 44 ,sodium *loride #haa #hef ,pota% #jfe #abc ,sulphuric acid #bbc #bef ,c>bonic acid #jai #dge ,phosphoric acid #jaf #jai ,insoluble silicates & s& #fbbc #deha ,organic matt] #cfd #fba ,total #ajjjj #ajjjj ---------------------------------------- -- ,conta9+ nitrog5e #jjce #jjgj ammonia #jjdb #jjgi0 #bh4 ,bas9 irrigation4--,consid]+ ! times ( flood & l[ supply1 ! climate ( ,egypt1 ! turbidity ( ! ,nile flood1 & ! deltaic =mation ( ! ,nile valley1 no bett] sy/em ?an bas9 irrigation z practic$ 9 ,egypt c\ld possibly h be5 devis$4 ,if ! flood _h come 9 ,april & ,may & be5 foll[$ by a burn+ summ]1 or if ! actual autumn floods _h be5 foll[$ by ! froz5 w9t]s ( ,europe or ! w>m w9t]s ( ! ,sudan1 bas9 irrigation w\ld h be5 a failure or a v mod]ate success2 b1 giv5 ! ,egyptian climate1 bas9 irrigation has /ood )\t a rival = #gjjj ye>s4 ,bas9 irrigation1 z x has be5 practis$ 9 ,egypt = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 is ! mo/ efficaci\s me?od ( utilis+ exi/+ means ( irrigation :i* ! _w has witness$4 ,x c be />t$ by ! sp>se/ ( populations4 ,x w support 9 weal? a multitude ( p4 ,k+ ,m5es made 8 fir/ dyke :5 ! ,egyptian nation 0 9 its infancy4 ,egypt1 9 ,roman times1 support$ a population twice z d5se z t ( to-day4 ,! direct lab\r ( cultivation is r$uc$ to an absolute m9imum4 ,%akespe>e's g5ius has cry/allis$ ! sy/em = all "t3-- 8,!y take ! fl[ o' ! ,nile ,by c]ta9 scales 9 ! ,pyramid2 !y "k1 ,by ! height1 ! l[ness1 or ! mean1 if de>? ,or foizon foll[3 ! high] ,nilus swells1 ,! m x promises3 z x ebbs1 ! se$sman ,^u ! slime & ooze scatt]s 8 gra91 ,& %ortly comes to h>ve/40 ,if we ca/ back our view to ! dawn ( ,egyptian hi/ory1 we c picture ! ,nile ,valley z consi/+ ( arid pla9s1 s& dunes1 & m>%y jungles1 ) reclaim$ enclosures on all ! highe/ l&s4 ,e eight or t5 ye>s ! valley 0 swept by a mighty inundation4 ,! se$s ( future success lay 9 ! resolve ( ,k+ ,m5es' eng9e]s to conf9e _! att5tion to "o bank ( ! riv] alone4 ,x 0 ! left bank ( ! riv] :i* hi/ory tells u 0 fir/ reclaim$4 ,a longitud9al dyke 0 run p>allel to ! /ream1 & cross dykes ti$ x to ! ,lybian hills4 ,into ^! bas9s or comp>tm5ts ! turbid wat]s ( ! flood 7 l$ by natural wat]-c\rses & artificial canals & all[$ to deposit _! ri* mud & ?or\ghly saturate ! soil2 & meantime ! :ole ( ! "r bank & ! tr\gh ( ! riv] itself 7 all[$ to be swept by ! floods4 ,x mu/ h be5 on ?is wild ea/]n bank t 7 conduct$ all ! hippopotamus hunts :i* are cr[d$ on ! wall pictures ( build+s ( ! e>ly dyna/ies4 ,9 all probability1 ! fir/ six dyna/ies cont5t$ !mselves ) develop+ ! left bank ( ! ,nile4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! population increas$1 & ) x ! dem& = new l&s1 x became necess>y to reclaim ! "r bank ( ! riv] z well4 ,! task n[ 0 d\bly difficult1 z ! riv] _h to be conf9$ to its own tr\gh4 ,?is ma/]ful feat 0 p]=m$ by ! great ,ph>aohs ( ! ,x,i,ith ,dyna/y1 ! ,am5emhats & ! ,us>ts5s1 :o1 "u ! "n ( ,seso/ris1 usurp$ ! place ( ,m5es 9 ! imag9ation ( ! anci5t _w4 ,!y 7 too well advis$ to cont5t !mselves ) repeat+ on ! "r bank :at ,m5es _h done on ! left4 ,by sudd5ly conf9+ ! riv] !y w\ld h expos$ ! l[-ly+ l&s ( ,memphis & ,l[] ,egypt to disa/r\s inundations4 ,to obviate ?is1 !y wid5$ & deep5$ ! natural *annel :i* l$ to ! ,fay\m depression 9 ! ,lybian hills1 & conv]t$ x into a p[]ful escape to c>ry (f ! excess wat]s ( high floods2 & s successful 7 !y 9 _! und]tak+s t ! conv]sion ( ! ,fay\m depression into ,lake ,mris 0 long consid]$ by ! anci5t _w z "o ( its greate/ wond]s4 ,!y l$ ! flood into ! depression :5 x 0 dang]\sly high1 & provid$ = its return to ! riv] :5 ! inundation _h come to an end4 ,by ?is means1 !y insur$ ! lake aga9/ be+ at a high level dur+ a p]iod ( flood4 ,! gigantic dykes ( entry & exit 7 only cut 9 times ( em]g5cy1 & 7 recon/ruct$ aga9 at an exp5se ( lab\r :i* ev5 an ,egyptian ,ph>aoh consid]$ excessive4 ,to und]/& h[ capable ,lake ,mris 0 to control ! floods1 & turn a dang]\s into a b5eficial inundation1 ,i %\ld recomm5d a /udy ( ,sir ,hanbury ,br[n's 8,fay\m & ,lake ,mris40 ,z ye>s roll$ on ! ,nile wid5$ & deep5$ its own tr\gh1 to :i* x 0 n[ conf9$2 &1 ev5tually1 ! "t came :5 ,lake ,mris c\ld be disp5s$ ) )\t dang]4 ,x 0 gradually reclaim$ & conv]t$ into ! ,fay\m ) its #cej1jjj acres ( cultivat$ l&4 ,bas9 irrigation holds ! flood wat]s = "s #de days p] annum ov] ! :ole ( ! valley4 ,! wat] is 9 places #c metres deep1 & 9 o!rs only #cj c5timetres deep1 :ile ! av]age dep? is ab\t #a metre4 ,n[ ! ret5tion ( ?is wat] ov] ! l& = a p]iod ( six weeks p]mits ( ! ?or\gh saturation ( ! subsoil 9 places :]e ! subsoil is ( prop] consi/5cy2 & ?is wat] c be drawn on1 9 w9t] & summ]1 = matur+ c]ta9 crops & gr[+ o!rs4 ,x 0 :]e ! subsoil gave a pl5tiful supply ( wat]1 & p]mitt$ ( int5se cultivation ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 t we f9d all ! anci5t capitals ( ,egypt4 ,abydos has ! f9e/ subsoil wat] 9 ! ,nile ,valley2 ,memphis has an excell5t supply2 :ile ,!bes has ! only good subsoil wat] on ! :ole ( ! "r bank4 ,good subsoil wat] 0 to ! anci5t ,egyptian _w :at ! pres5ce ( a ri* gold m9e is to "o ( our new colonies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,xiv ,,! ,,nor? ,,sohag ,,sy/em ,,( ,,bas9s ,scale #a 3 #bjj1jjj ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,subsoil wat] supplies ! l9k betwe5 bas9 & p]5nial irrigation4 ,x expla9s ! reason :y mod]n ,egypt is n satisfi$ ) ! irrigation :i* has come d[n f ! remote/ antiquity1 b is desir\s ( conf]r+ on ! l5g? & bread? ( ! ,nile ,valley ^? advantages :i* gave ,abydos1 ,memphis1 & ,!bes _! pre-em95ce 9 ! pa/4 ,any c\ntry :i* possesses riv]s & /reams ^: wat]s are 9 flood = six weeks p] annum at a suitable season ( ! ye> c betake itself to bas9 irrigation ) m or less pr(it4 ,! sci5ce ( dams1 weirs1 & regulators has receiv$ su* developm5t dur+ rec5t ye>s t !re c be no problem s difficult t x _c be solv$ by exp]i5ce & orig9ality4 ,bas9 irrigation all[s ( ! ?or\gh developm5t ( c\ntries ^: /reams h %ort & turbid floods :i* prec$e a fairly cool season2 :e!r su* irrigation be ! /ately irrigation ( ! ,nile ,valley1 p]fect$ by ! sci5ce & exp]i5ce ( #g1jjj ye>s2 or ! less p]fect1 b /ill highly develop$ & riv]-f$ tank sy/ems ( ,madras2 or ! primitive1 b effective bas9s ( ,bundelkund1 :]e ! imp\nd$ wat] irrigates ! crops on ! d[n-/ream sides ( ! bas9s = "o season1 & !n all[s ( ! bas9s !mselves be+ dri$ & cultivat$ 9 ! next4 ,! ,nile 9 high flood rises #aj metres above its b$1 9 a mean flood #i metres & 9 a poor flood #g metres4 ,! b$s ( ! ma9 bas9 canals are ab\t #d metres1 & ! cultivat$ l& at ! riv]'s edge ab\t #i metres above ! riv]-b$4 ,! bas9s h an av]age area ( #g1jjj acres4 ,:]e ! valley is n>r[1 !y av]age #b1jjj acres ea*1 & :]e x is wide #bj1jjj acres2 :ile "s ( ! tail bas9s are #dj1jjj acres 9 ext5t4 ,ea* canal has ab\t sev5 or eight bas9s dep5d+ on x1 ( :i* ! la/ is always ! l>ge/4 ,!re are masonry regulators at ! canal heads1 at ea* cross+ ( ! cross banks1 & at ! tail escapes into ! riv]4 ,9 ! m p]fect bas9s ! canals & escapes syphon "u "o ano!r & ov]lap & supply ea* o!r's defici5cies1 s z to meet ! requirem5ts ( e k9d ( flood :i* ,egypt c exp]i5ce4 ,colonel ,ross's "w on ! bas9 irrigation ( ,egypt is a monum5t ( pati5t obs]vation & a /oreh\se ( in=mation4 ,"s ( ! canals l ! ,sohagia on ,plate ,,xiv are v]itable riv]s1 dis*>g+ #dej cubic metres p] second2 b a good av]age canal dis*>ges #cj cubic metres p] second4 ,! l>ge/ canal has a wid? ( #ge metres1 :ile ! av]age wid? is #i metres4 ,good bas9 canals dis*>ge 9 an av]age ye> "o cubic metre p] second p] #gjj acres4 ,=ty-five days suffice = a p]fect irrigation4 ,! co/ ( provid+ bas9 irrigation 9 ,egypt = bas9s ( #aj1jjj acres may be tak5 at #c p] acre ?us made up3--,banks1 #aej42 canals1 #ge42 masonry works1 #ej42 & bank protection1 #be4 ,if ! bas9s are "u #e1jjj acres1 ! co/ w be ne>ly d\ble ?is4 ,! annual co/ ( ma9t5ance is #aj p] acre2 :ile ! l&s !mselves are r5t$ at #c p] acre4 ,9 well irrigat$ bas9s no manures are ne$$1 & alt]nate crops ( c]eals & legum9s h be5 reap$ = c5turies )\t ! l& hav+ be5 exhau/$ 9 any way :atev]4 ,:]e ! subsoil wat] is good & d\ble cropp+ resort$ to1 !n manures h to be appli$4 #bi4 ,p]5nial ,irrigation4--,! f\ndation-/one ( ! conv]sion ( ! :ole ( ,egypt f bas9 to p]5nial irrigation 0 laid by ,mehemet ,ali 9 #ahcc1 :5 he began ! con/ruction ( ! ,b>rages across ! ,nile bran*es nor? ( ,cairo4 ,^! weirs 7 int5d$ to raise ! summ] level ( ! ,nile by #c metres4 ,z ! ord9>y summ] level ( ! ,nile 0 #a4ej metres above its b$1 ! weirs 7 expect$ to raise x #d4ej metres above ! ,nile b$4 ,! old bas9 canals _h to be consid]ably deep5$ to take 9 ! summ] supplies2 :ile 9 o!r p>ts new p]5nial canals 7 dug4 ,p]5nial irrigation requires canals capable ( dis*>g+ #a cubic metre p] second p] #cejj acres1 z aga9/ #gjj acres = bas9 irrigation4 ,"s ( ! p]5nial canals are v capaci\s4 ,! two l>ge/ dis*>ge #gjj & #dej cubic metres p] second respectively4 ,!re are no artificial canals 9 ! _w l !m4 ,all ! canals are lib]ally provid$ ) regulators & locks4 ,! en]gies ( ! ,irrigation ,dep>tm5t dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s h be5 *iefly direct$ to ! provision ( suffici5t dra9s to meet t ov]-saturation ( ! soil1 :i* all b ! be/ regulat$ p]5nial irrigation inv>iably entails4 ,aft] _m ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 ,india & ,egypt1 we are conv9c$ t ! con/ruction ( dra9s & escapes %\ld prec$e1 & n foll[ ! canals4 ,x seems fatu\s = eng9e]s to be always ov]-saturat+ & half-ru9+ t5s ( ?\s&s ( acres ( l[-ly+ l&s1 dur+ ! improvem5t ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( acres ( high-ly+ l&s1 :5 x w\ld be p]fectly easy1 ) a little =esight1 to secure all ! advantages )\t pil+ up disadvantages4 ,! dra9s h g5]ally "o-?ird ! capacity ( ! canals4 ,dry crops require #a cubic metre p] second p] #cejj acres2 & rice requires ! same p] #bjjj acres4 ,! dra9s 9 dry-cropp$ l&s provide = #a cubic metre p] second p] #aj1jjj acres1 & 9 rice l&s #a cubic metre p] second p] #fjjj acres4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xix4 ,,p]5nial ,,canal ,,sy/em ,,( ,,l[] ,,egypt ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,:ile bas9 irrigation is foll[$ by ! w9t] crops ( :eat1 beans1 clov]1 b>ley1 flax1 l5tils1 vet*es & onions1 p]5nial irrigation all[s ( all ! above w9t] crops & 9 addition ! summ] crops ( cotton1 sug>-cane1 oilse$s1 g>d5s & or*>ds4 ,x w readily be und]/ood t all ?is d\ble cropp+ necessitates a v free use ( manures4 ,x w\ld be a heal?y innovation inde$1 if ! provision ( suitable manures 7 to be consid]$ z an ess5tial "p ( a project = provid+ p]5nial irrigation4 ,! day is n f> di/ant1 ,i believe1 :5 gov]nm5ts :i* provide irrigation works w also provide manures1 & sell ! wat] & ! manures toge!r1 "o be+ z ess5tial z ! o!r2 ,i "k well1 f obs]vation1 t a well-manur$ field ne$s only half ! wat] t a poorly manur$ field does2 & 9 ye>s ( dr\ght & sc>city manures almo/ take ! place ( irrigation4 ,:y %\ld !re n be a manure-rate z well z a wat]-rate8 ,"h 9 ,egypt1 ! num]\s ru9s ( old-_w cities h hi!rto provid$ manure = a great "p ( ! p]5nially irrigat$ l&s2 b ^! are be+ fa/ work$ out1 & o!r s\rces mu/ be s\ght =4 ,f>m-y>d manure w nev] suffice = ! int5se cultivation 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 connection ) ?is subject1 ,i c recomm5d ! /udy ( a rem>kably able pap] on 8,nile ,cultivation & ,nitrates10 read by ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,full]1 ,c4,i4,e41 be=e ! ,agricultural ,society ( ,engl&1 & embodi$ 9 ! #crd ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,vii41 ,"p #d1 #ahif4 ,egypt possesses1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,luxor1 natural b$s ( nitrates ( unlimit$ ext5t1 :i* come d[n to ! riv]'s edge4 ,^! nitrate b$s h be5 us$ f "t immemorial1 b 7 br\ght to ! notice ( ! g5]al public by ,mr4 ,floy]4 ,!y conta9 only ab\t #f p] c5t4 ( pure nitrates1 b z !y are on ! edge ( ! ,nile1 9 a p]fectly cl\dless & v dry c\ntry1 x might be possible1 ) ! aid ( ! pl5tiful supply ( wat] always at h& to pr(itably extract pure nitrates4 ,! dem& = nitrates is )\t limit 9 ! ,nile ,valley1 z ,nile wat]1 ?\gh ri* 9 ev]y?+ else1 is exce$+ly poor 9 nitrates4 ,! p]5nial canals & collat]al works h co/ #d4ej p] acre1 & ! ma9t5ance *>ges are #aj p] acre4 ,! p]5nially irrigat$ l&s are let at #e to #h p] acre p] annum z aga9/ #c to #e = ! bas9s l&s4 #cj4 ,flood protection 9 ,egypt4--,! ,nile dur+ high floods is consid]ably above ! level ( ! c\ntry1 :i* is protect$ by embankm5ts /ret*+ f ,ass\n to ! sea4 ,9 ,upp] ,egypt1 a v high flood is "o metre above ! c\ntry2 9 ,middle ,egypt x is #b metres1 & ! same on ! ,rosetta bran* ( ! ,nile4 ,on ! ,damietta bran* x is #cej metres 9 places4 ,9 p>ts ( ,upp] ,egypt1 b ne>ly ev]y:]e 9 ,l[] ,egypt1 ! ,nile on curves is protect$ by /one spurs4 ,^! spurs conta9 ea* f #d1jjj to #bej cubic metres4 ,!y are v effective :]e ! ,nile bank has be5 well ?r[n back bel[ !m to a di/ance ( "s #ej metres on a l5g? ( at lea/ #ajj metres4 ,?is all[s ! wat]s ( ! flood to swirl h>mlessly 9 :irlpools bel[ ! spurs :ile ! banks are f> remov$ f _! action4 ,:5 we fir/ came to ,egypt1 we f\nd t ! policy 0 to spread ! flood into z _m *annels z possible & protect ! :ole ( !m ) t5s ( ?\s&s ( corve1 9 addition to ! corve on ! ,nile banks4 ,we *ang$ t & conc5trat$ our en]gies on ! ,rosetta & ,damietta bran*es4 ,9 #ahfa1 #ahfc1 #ahff1 #ahfi1 #ahgd1 & #ahgh ! ,damietta bran* 0 badly brea*$1 ,!re has be5 only "o s]i\s brea* on ! ,rosetta bran*1 & t 0 9 #ahfc4 ,! great brea* ( #ahgh on ! ,damietta bran* 0 att5d$ ) s]i\s loss ( life2 b f> m s]i\s 0 ! brea* ( #ahfc on ! ,rosetta bran* n f> f its head4 ,! :ole we/]n half ( ! ,delta prop] 0 swept by ! riv]1 & z ! canals !re h n got good high banks1 ! p _h no place ( %elt] to flee to & 7 dr[n$ 9 v great numb]s4 ,! same ?+ w\ld happ5 aga9 if a brea* 7 to occur n[1 only ! damage w\ld be f> m s]i\s4 ,! c\ntry is cov]$ ) villas & ri* plantations & ! l[ l&s to ! v edges ( ,lake ,borrilos are be+ reclaim$ & inhabit$4 ,! loss ( life :i* w\ld occur n[adays w\ld be truly appall+4 ,a brea* any:]e )9 #ajj kilometres ( ! ,b>rage on ! ea/ bank ( ! ,rosetta bran* or ! we/ bank ( ! ,damietta bran* dur+ a v high flood w\ld be a national disa/]4 ,! t]ror reign+ ov] ! :ole c\ntry dur+ a v high flood is v /rik+4 ,! ,nile banks are cov]$ ) boo?s at int]vals ( #ej metres4 ,ea* boo? has two wat*m51 & lamps are kept burn+ all night4 ,e dang]\s spot has a gang ( #ej or #ajj special m54 ,! ,nile is cov]$ ) /eam]s & boats c>ry+ sacks1 /akes1 & /one2 :ile ! banks along ne>ly _! entire l5g? are protect$ by /akes support+ cotton & ,indian corn /alks1 keep+ ! waves (f ! loose e>? ( ! banks4 ,9 a settlem5t ( a culv]t 9 ! ,nile bank nor? ( ,mans\rah 9 #ahhg ,i witness$ a sc5e :i* mu/ h once be5 m common ?an x is to-day4 ,! news t ! bank _h brea*$ spread fa/ ?r\gh ! village4 ,! villag]s ru%$ out on to ! banks ) _! *ildr51 _! cattle1 & ev]y?+ !y possess$4 ,! confusion 0 indescribable4 ,a n>r[ bank cov]$ ) buffaloes1 *ildr51 p\ltry1 & h\sehold furniture4 ,! wom5 assembl$ r\nd ! local sa9t's tomb1 beat+ _! brea/s1 kiss+ ! tomb1 & utt]+ l\d cries1 & e five m9utes a gang ( m5 runn+ into ! cr[d & c>ry+ (f ! fir/ ?+ !y c\ld lay h&s on :]e) to close ! brea*4 ,! fellahe5 mean:ile1 9 a /eady1 bus9ess-l mann]1 plung$ into ! brea*1 /ood %\ld] to %\ld] across ! escap+ wat]1 & ) ! aid ( torn-(f doors & w9d[s & ,indian corn /alks1 clos$ ! brea*4 ,!y 7 only j 9 "t4 ,?is is ! way ! fellahe5 fac$ a brea*4 ,& ?is is h[ ! old ,gov]nors ( ,egypt fac$ !m4 ,dur+ ! flood ( #ahhg ,i complim5t$ an (ficial on ! ,nile bank1 ^: activity 0 q disproportionate to 8 app>5t age4 ,he told me t he 0 a comp>atively "y man1 b he _h _h *>ge ( ! ,nile bank at ,mit ,badr :5 ! great brea* occurr$ 9 #ahgh1 & t ,ismail ,pa%a _h telegraph$ ord]s to ?r[ him & ! eng9e] into ! brea*4 ,he 0 giv5 #ab h\rs' grace by ! local *ief1 & dur+ t int]val 8 hair _h become :ite2 subsequ5tly he 0 p>don$4 ,^! 7 ! s5seless ord]s :i* us$ to petrify (ficials into /upidity4 ,! foll[+ e/imate 0 made by me ( ! co/ ( protect+ ! ,delta prop] betwe5 ! two bran*es ( ! ,nile dur+ ! high flood ( #ahhg3-- ,co/ ( protection = #dcb kilometres ( bank or #a1bjj1jjj acres ( cultivation3-- ,s& bags #fj1jjj #jc #a1hjj ,mat]ials ,/one #e1jjj #ej #b1ejj paid = ,/akes #ee1jjj #jf #c1cjj -------- #g1fjj ,camel loads ( /alk = #db kilometres1 ,mat]ials #ad1jjj #ae #b1ajj n paid = -------- ,total mat]ials #i1gjj #ae eng9e]s #hj #a1bjj ,unpaid corvee1 #a1cgd1jgi m5 #jc #da1bbb ,total lab\r #db1dbb ,total mat]ials & lab\r #eb1abb ,?is works out to #abj p] kilometre ( bank1 or #jde p] acre ( l& protect$4 ,x is a v *eap insurance4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,projects4 #ca4 ,projects4--,no acc\nt ( ! ,nile 9 #aijd w\ld be complete )\t an enum]ation & slight exam9ation ( ! projects be=e ! public = ! provision ( suffici5t wat] to ! ,nile 9 times ( l[ supply to insure ! p]5nial irrigation ( ! :ole ( ,egypt2 to utilise ^! p]5nial wat]s by conv]t+ bas9 tracts into p]5nially irrigat$ ones2 to protect ! c\ntry f ! dang]s accompany+ high floods2 & to p]mit ( ! reclamation ( ! l[ salt$ l&s ( ,l[] ,egypt :i* bord] ! ,m$it]ranean sea4 ,egypt has a total irrigable area ( #f millions acres4 ,( ?is area1 ( a million acres1 :i* are to-day inundat$ 9 flood & lie along ! edge ( ! des]ts1 mu/ cont9ue to be inundat$ 9 flood = all "t1 to prev5t ! s&s ( ! des]t f spread+ ov] ! ,nile ,valley4 ,_! value is #e1jjj1jjj4 ,f\r million acres are p]5nially irrigat$4 ,!y h a mean value ( #ee p] acre1 & h a total value ( #bbj1jjj1jjj4 ,( ! rema9+ two million acres1 two-?irds are irrigat$ only 9 flood & "o-?ird is n irrigat$ at all4 ,^! #b million acres h a mean value ( #be p] acre1 & are wor? #ej1jjj1jjj4 ,! l& ( ,egypt may be consid]$ z wor? #bge1jjj1jjj to-day4 ,if x 7 possible to p]5nially irrigate ! #b million acres :i* are )\t su* irrigation1 _! value w\ld be increas$ by #cj p] acre1 or by #fj1jjj1jjj4 ,! problem be=e u is h[ to provide p]5nial irrigation to ^! #b million acres & s add #fj1jjj1jjj to ! weal? ( ! c\ntry4 ,x has be5 calculat$ t ea* milli>d ( cubic metres ( wat] /or$ 9 res]voirs situat$ 9 ,egypt itself is suffici5t to insure ! conv]sion ( half a million acres f flood to p]5nial irrigation4 ,egypt !re=e requires res]voirs capable ( /or+ #d milli>ds ( cubic metres ( wat]4 ,9 ,mehemet ,ali's "t1 ! great preoccupation ( ! ,gov]nm5t 0 ! press+ on ( ! cultivation ( cotton1 & z ?is crop ne$$ p]5nial irrigation1 ! secur+ ( an abundant supply ( wat] all ! ye> r\nd 0 ! problem ( ! day4 ,! fame ( ! anci5t ,lake ,mris _h made a pr(\nd impression on ! m9d ( ,mehemet ,ali1 & he urg$ on 8 *ief eng9e] ! necessity ( und]tak+ simil> works4 ,l9ant ,pa%a fir/ set himself to discov] ! site ( ! anci5t lake1 & !n e/imat$ r\ghly ! co/ ( recon/ruct+ x1 b consid]$ ! co/ prohibitive4 ,he recomm5d$ ,silsila z a suitable site = a weir & a canal head4 ,! failure ( ! ,b>rage disc\rag$ ! ,gov]nm5t f und]tak+ new works & ! "q dropp$4 ,9 #ahhj ,c\nt de la ,motte propos$ a dam at ,silsila & a res]voir to ! s\? ( x4 ,he also propos$ putt+ a capaci\s depression to ! ea/ ( ,kalab%a 9 communication ) ! ,nile by ! aid ( a dam at ,kalab%a4 ,ab\t two ye>s lat] ,mr4 ,cope ,:iteh\se sugge/$ utilis+ ! ,wadi ,rayan depression z a res]voir4 ,?is depression _h be5 already m5tion$ by ,l9ant ,pa%a 9 8 book & locat$ by him on 8 hydrological map4 ,f9ancial difficulties prev5t$ ,sir ,col9 ,scott-,moncrieff f imm$iately consid]+ ! "q ( res]voirs4 ,! success ( ! ,b>rage repairs 9 #ahhg h[ev] gave new life to ! "q ( res]voirs & ,sir ,col9 ,scott-,moncrieff deput$ ,col4 ,we/]n to give scope to ! sugge/ion made by ,mr4 ,cope ,:iteh\se1 to make plans ( ! ,wady ,rayan & ! des]ts betwe5 x & ! ,nile1 to f9d out ! capacity ( ! res]voir1 & see if x c\ld be utilis$4 ,col4 ,we/]n's report1 plans & e/imates 7 pr9t$ by ! ,egyptian ,gov]nm5t 9 #ahhh4 ,at ! same "t ,i 0 deput$ to exam9e ! o!r projects ( ,c\nt de la ,motte4 ,9 #ahhi & #ahia ,i report$ unfav\rably on !m1 because ,i c\ld f9d no depression ne> ,kalab%a to put 9 communication ) ! ,nile1 & c\ld f9d no rock at ,silsila on :i* to build a dam4 ,! ,b]gat ,takham pan 0 ! only depression ne> ,kalab%a :i* c\ld h be5 us$ z a res]voir & x 0 ov] #ajj metres above ! level ( ! ,nile flood2 :ile bo? 9 ! ,silsila pass & ! ,silsila gate ,i bor$ = rock & 0 ev]y:]e /ill 9 s& #aj metres bel[ ! level at :i* ! exi/5ce ( rock 0 assum$ by ! ,c\nt's eng9e]s4 ,on my report rea*+ ,cairo1 ,m4 ,prompt propos$ us+ ! tr\gh ( ! ,nile itself at ,kalab%a z a res]voir 9 place ( ! depression :i* did n exi/4 ,col4 ,we/]n left ! c\ntry 9 #ahij & ,i became ,director ,g5]al ( ,res]voir ,/udies4 ,m4 ,prompt _h suppos$ t rock c\ld be met ) at ,kalab%a at a dep? ( #d metres bel[ l[-wat] level4 ,i c\ld n f9d x at a dep? ( #bf metres4 ,aft] s\nd+ & bor+ at e possible site on ! ,nile & survey+1 bor+1 & levell+ 9 ! des]t betwe5 ,wadi ,halfa & ! ,fay\m1 ,i submitt$ my report 9 #ahid1 propos+ an op5 dam at ,ass\an ( a type :i* ,i tru/$ w\ld meet ! requirem5ts ( a ,nile res]voir dam4 ,sir ,william ,g>/9 approv$ ( ! site & ! design1 & ! dam 0 built betwe5 #ahih & #aijb ) ,mr4 ,maurice ,fitzmaurice ,c4,m4,g1 z resid5t eng9e]4 ,! ,ass\an ,res]voir at its pres5t level conta9s "o milli>d ( cubic metres ( wat] :i* w suffice = ! conv]sion ( half a million acres to p]5nial irrigation1 add+ #ae1jjj1jjj to ! weal? ( ! c\ntry4 ,b ?\gh ! dam 0 only complet$ at ! end ( #aijb1 already ! :ole ( ! wat] has be5 devot$ to special tracts1 & ! ,gov]nm5t is reluctantly compell$ to refuse all applications = wat]4 #cb4 ,! rais+ ( ! ,assun dam4--,egypt already possesses ! g]m ( all ! /orage works %e ne$s4 ,six ye>s ago a few f>-see+ m5 saw cle>ly :at all ( u und]/& to-day2 b among ! few1 no man _h great] fai? 9 ! future ( ! c\ntry ?an ,sir ,erne/ ,cassel4 ,! ,ass\n ,res]voir project _h be5 ly+ buri$ = f\r ye>s 9 (ficial pigeon holes1 :5 9 #ahih ,sir ,erne/ came =w>d ) ! funds1 & ) ,sir ,john ,aird ,co41 z contractors1 & ,sir ,b5jam9 ,bak] z ,consult+ ,eng9e]1 und]took to complete ! ,ass\n dam & ! ,assi\t weir by ,decemb] #aijc4 ,! ,egyptian ,gov]nm5t1 advis$ by ,sir ,william ,g>/91 accept$ 8 (f]1 & receiv$ ! complet$ works by ,decemb] #aijb4 ,! ,ass\n dam is a granite /ructure #b1jjj metres long :i* crosses ! head ( ! ,ass\n cat>act ( ! ,nile 9 "o cont9u\s /raight l9e4 ,! dam is pi]c$ by #adj "u sluices ( #g metres by #b metres = pass+ floods1 & by #dj upp] sluices ( #c metres by #b metres = pass+ ! high level wat] ( ! res]voir4 ,! sluices are regulat$ by 8,/oney0 gates work$ by w9*es at ! roadway level4 ,:ile ! r$1 muddy wat]s ( ! ,nile flood are p\r+ d[n ! riv]1 ! :ole ( ! sluices are op5 & ! riv] dis*>ges itself ?r\gh !m )\t p>t+ ) its silt4 ,?is is ! real object ( ! sluices1 = if ! dam 7 solid & ! riv] =c$ to fl[ ov] ! top1 ! res]voir w\ld soon be fill$ ) deposit & oblit]at$1 :ile ,egypt1 depriv$ ( ?is ri* mud1 w\ld be consid]ably ! poor]4 ,?is is ! great feature ( ! dam4 ,:ile ! dam holds toge!r1 ! res]voir w be free ( silt4 ,:5 ! turbid flood has pass$ & ! comp>atively cle> w9t] supply ( ! riv] has begun to arrive1 ! sluices are gradually clos$ & ! res]voir fill$4 ,beg9n+ ab\t ! #a/ ,decemb]1 ! res]voir is fill$ 9 #ajj days4 ,x w ord9>ily be full on ! #a/ ,m>*4 ,no additional wat] is ne$$ = irrigation betwe5 ,m>* #a/ & ,may #a/ z ! riv] naturally has en\gh = ! requirem5ts ( ! area at pres5t "u crop at ?is season4 ,z ! area "u p]5nial irrigation w be gradually increas$1 ! dem& = wat] = ! new l&s w beg9 ab\t ! #a/ ( ,april4 ,! dem& increases ?r\gh ,may & ,june1 & ! res]voir w !n be aid+ ! riv] ) its supplem5t4 ,if ! flood is v late1 wat] may be requir$ f ! res]voir till ! #aj? ,july2 if ! flood is e>ly no wat] w be ne$$ aft] ! #bj? ( ,june1 z 9 #aijc1 ! fir/ ye> ( ! res]voir4 ,! e>li] ! flood ! m effective ! res]voir4 ,by ! "t ! flood has begun to get turbid1 ! "u & upp] sluices w all be op5 & ! muddy wat]s ( ! ,nile w sweep ?r\gh ! dam )\t imp$im5t4 ,! dam has work$ = two ye>s & giv5 satisfaction4 ,:5 ! ,nile 0 at its l[e/ 9 ,may #aijc1 ! natural dis*>ge ( ! riv]1 supplem5t$ by all ! subsoil infiltration wat] :i* ent]s ! riv] betwe5 ,ass\n & ! sea1 0 #djj cubic metres p] second4 ,! res]voir 0 add+ #bjj cubic metres p] second to ! supply1 rais+ ! total supply available = irrigation to #fjj cubic metres p] second4 ,! res]voir 0 supply+ "o-?ird ( ! wat] :i* 0 be+ utiliz$ 9 ,egypt4 ,?is wat] w suffice = an increase to ! p]5nially irrigat$ area ( million acres4 ,at ! "t ( design+ ! dam x 0 int5d$ t x %\ld be ( su* a section t x c\ld be rais$ #f metres 9 height & hold up ano!r milli>d ( cubic metres ( wat]4 ,su* an op]ation1 if p]=m$ to-day1 w\ld mean3 ! :ole l5g? ( dam be+ rais$ #f metres1 ! w9*es work+ ! sluice gates be+ rais$ #f metres & provid$ ) new wire ropes2 & new cop+s be+ giv5 to ! p>apets4 ,x w\ld necessitate two m locks & ?ree m lock gates1 & no?+ else4 ,! exp5diture incurr$ w\ld be ab\t #ejj1jjj4 #cc4 ,! ,wady ,rayan ,res]voir ,project4--,:5 ! ,ass\n dam w h be5 rais$1 we %all be /&+ on ! ?re%old ( :at x w be able to d4 ,! project$ ,wady ,rayan res]voir1 or ! mod]n ,lake ,mris1 w be well able to supply ! two rema9+ milli>ds ( cubic metres ( wat] :5 work+ 9 conjunction ) ! ,assun ,res]voir4 ,! great weakness ( ?is project$ lake has la9 9 ! fact t by itself x c\ld give a pl5tiful dis*>ge 9 ,april & ,may1 less 9 ,june1 & v little 9 ,july1 & x 0 = ?is reason t 9 my report ( #ahid to ! ,egyptian ,gov]nm5t ,i _h reluctantly to recomm5d t x be n c>ri$ out4 ,b :5 ! ,ass\n res]voir is capable ( supply+ two milli>ds ( cubic metres ( wat] x w be possible to utilise ! ,mris ,lake to its utmo/ capacity4 ,! ,ass\an ,res]voir1 be+ high above ! level ( ! ,nile c give its supply at ! beg9n+ or end ( ! summ]2 x c give x sl[ly or ) a ru%2 :ile ! project$ ,lake ,mris1 be+ directly 9 communication ) ! ,nile1 & only slightly above l[ ,nile level1 its dis*>ge w\ld dep5d entirely on ! diff]5ce ( level betwe5 x & ! ,nile1 & consequ5tly z ! summ] advanc$ its level w\ld gradually fall & ! lake w\ld n be able to give at ! end ( ! summ] a qu>t] ( ! dis*>ge x c\ld give at ! beg9n+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv ,,propos$ ,,wadi ,,rayan ,,res]voir ,,%[+ ,,! ,,fay\m ,all ,r4 ,l4s 9 metres1 above or bel[ mean sea4 - ,des]t4 ,scale #a 3 #ejj1jjj ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,b let u imag9e t ! res]voir & ! lake are bo? complet$ & full ( wat]1 & t x is ! fir/ ( ,april4 ,lake ,mris w be op5$ on to ! ,nile & give all ! wat] ne$$ 9 t mon?1 :ile ! ,ass\an ,res]voir w be ma9ta9$ at its full level4 ,9 ,may1 ,lake ,mris w give ne>ly ! :ole supply & ! res]voir w give a little4 ,9 ,june ! lake w give little & ! res]voir mu*2 :ile 9 ,july ! lake w give practically no?+ & ! res]voir ! :ole supply4 ,work+ toge!r 9 ?is h>moni\s mann]1 ! res]voir & ! lake1 :i* are ! true complem5ts ( ea* o!r1 w easily provide ! :ole ( ! wat] ne$$ = ,egypt4 ,! ,wady ,rayan is a depression 9 ! des]ts to ! s\? ( ! ,fay\m & sep>at$ f ! ,fay\m by a lime/one ridge4 ,9 #ahhh ,col4 ,we/]n recomm5d$ x v /rongly z a res]voir4 ,9 ?is he 0 support$ by ,col4 ,ross1 ! fir/ ,inspector ,g5]al ( irrigation4 ,on ,col4 ,we/]n's leav+ ,egypt1 ! /udy 0 entru/$ to me1 & ,messrs4 ,hewat & ,clifton deput$ to make a f9al project4 ,! ,wady ,rayan project1 ) its plans & e/imates1 0 publi%$ by ! ,egyptian ,gov]nm5t 9 #ahid4 ,z ,i said be=e1 ,i 0 reluctantly compell$ to reject its adoption ow+ to ! "o radical defect already describ$4 ,t defect w h be5 completely remov$ by ! completion ( ! ,ass\n ,res]voir1 :5 x w be possible to und]take ! con/ruction ( ! mod]n lake ,mris4 ,! "q ( ,lake ,mris has int]e/$ ! _w = c5turies4 ,= ! anci5ts x 0 "o ( ! _w's sev5 wond]s4 ,sir ,hanbury ,br[n1 9 8 book on ! 8,fay\m & ,lake ,mris10 has collect$ all ! in=mation available ab\t ! lake1 & aft] a ?or\gh exam9ation ( ! "q has decl>$ 9 fav\r ( ! ,wady ,rayan be+ conv]t$ into a mod]n ,lake ,mris4 ,h]odotus1 writ+ ab\t ,b4,c4 #dej1 0 ! fir/ to describe ! lake3 8,n[ ! ,labyr9? be+ su* z ,i h describ$1 ! lake nam$ t ( ,mris1 causes /ill great] a/oni%m5t1 on ! bank ( :i* ! ,labyr9? 0 built4 8,! wat] 9 ! lake is n d]iv$ f local s\rces1 = ! e>? 9 t "p is excessively dry & wat]less1 b x is br\ght 9 f ! ,nile by a canal4 ,x takes six mon?s fill+ & six mon?s fl[+ back4 ,dur+ ! six mon?s ( ! return fl[1 x yields a tal5t ( silv] e day to ! treasury1 & dur+ ! fl[ tw5ty m9 = ! fi%40 ,/rabo1 writ+ 9 ,b4 ,c4 #bj1 rem>ks3 8,x has also a rem>kable lake call$ ! ,lake ( ,mris1 l>ge en\gh to be call$ a sea1 & resembl+ ! op5 sea 9 col\r4 8,?us ! ,lake ( ,mris is1 f its size & dep?1 capable ( receiv+ ! ov]fl[ ( ! ,nile at its ris+1 & prev5t+ ! flood+ ( h\ses & g>d5s2 :5 ! riv] falls1 ! lake aga9 dis*>ges ! wat] by a canal at bo? m\?s1 & x is available = irrigation4 ,!re are regulators at bo? ends = controll+ ! infl[ & outfl[40 ,diodorus ,siculus1 writ+ at ! same "t1 says3--8,k+ ,mris dug a lake :i* is amaz+ly useful & incr$ibly l>ge4 ,= z ! ris+ ( ! ,nile is irregul>1 & ! f]tility ( ! c\ntry dep5ds on its uni=mity1 he dug ! lake = ! reception ( ! sup]flu\s wat]1 & he con/ruct$ a canal f ! riv] to ! lake #hj furlongs 9 l5g? & #cjj feet 9 bread?4 ,?r\gh ?is he admitt$ or let out ! wat] z requir$40 ,at "o "t !re 0 mu* discussion z to :at 0 ,lake ,mris1 b s9ce ! publication ( ,sir ,hanbury's book !re c be b "o op9ion4 ,! lake cov]$ ! :ole ( ! mod]n ,fay\m bel[ ! level ( ! cont\r :i* is #bb metres above mean sea level4 ,! common ,nile %ells are to be met 9 myriads at any po9t on ?is cont\r r\nd ! ,fay\m t "o c>es to look = !m4 ,! ord9>y high flood level ( ,ku%e%a bas9 to-day is #bf metres above mean sea4 ,9 ,am5emhat's "t1 :i* 0 #d1jjj ye>s ago1 ! level 0 #d metres l[]1 or at #bb metres above mean sea4 ,?is 0 ! highe/ possible level ! lake c\ld h atta9$ 9 8 day4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ! level ( ! ,nile valley rose by ab\t #aj c5timetres p] c5tury1 b ! frequ5t occasions on :i* ! canal 0 kept clos$ dur+ poor & l[ floods gradually silt$ up ! *annel & made x less capaci\s4 ,z !re are no ,nile %ells above ! cont\r ( #bb metres above mean sea 7except a few on ! s\? side ( ! lake :i* h evid5tly be5 bl[n up by ! nor? we/ w9ds 9 s& drifts7 x is evid5t t ! gradual silt+ up ( ! *annel m ?an kept pace ) ! ris+ level ( ! ,nile4 ,ev5tually ! silt+ up exce$$ ! rise1 & t at an accel]at$ rate1 ! canal became weak] & weak]1 & ! ,fay\m ,prov9ce gradually occupi$ ! site ( ! lake4 ,lake ,mris _h la/$ ov] #b1jjj ye>s4 ,! connection betwe5 ! ,nile & ! g]m ( ! future ,lake ,mris 0 9 exi/5ce 9 ,k+ ,m5es's "t1 z ,i h be5 in=m$ by pr(essor ,sayce1 b x 0 ,k+ ,am5emhat1 ( ! ,x,i,ith dyna/y1 :o wid5$ & deep5$ ! canal1 cle>$ away ! rocky b>ri]s1 & conv]t$ ! trifl+ lake ( ,k+ ,m5es's "t into ! mighty inl& sea :i* controll$ ! highe/ floods ( ! ,nile4 ,^? anci5t ,ph>aohs 7 giants 9 hydraulic eng9e]+4 ,!y 71 moreov]1 z wise z !y 7 c\rage\s4 ,sir ,hanbury ,br[n has well describ$ ! action ( ! lake4 ,x _h a surface ( #b1ejj squ>e kilometres1 & be+ dra9$ back into ! ,nile & kept at a l[ level x 0 able to take f a v high flood #bj milli>ds ( cubic metres ( wat]4 ,x 0 q capable ( r$uc+ a v high flood to mod]ate dim5sions2 & if injudici\sly or malici\sly op5$ 9 a l[ flood1 x 0 capable ( depriv+ ,l[] ,egypt ( any flood irrigation at all2 & 9 ^? days !y _h practically no irrigation except flood irrigation4 ,! ,wady ,rayan1 z already /at$1 is a depression 9 ! ,lybian hills imm$iately s\? ( ! ,fay\m4 ,x has1 at a level ( ab\t #bi metres above ! sea1 a surface ( #gjj squ>e kilometres1 or ab\t "o qu>t] ! area ( ! anci5t lake4 ,l ! anci5t lake1 ! l[e/ po9t ( ! ,wady is #da metres bel[ sea level4 ,:5 fill$ ) wat] ! greate/ dep? w be #gj metres4 ,! upp]mo/ f\r or five metres only w be utilis$ annually1 or "s #c milli>ds ( cubic metres ( wat] out ( a total volume ( #bj milli>ds4 ,j z ! great size ( ! anci5t lake 0 ( ine/imable value to a "w ^: pr9cipal use lay 9 mod]at+ high floods1 s ! small] area ( ! mod]n lake w r5d] x f> m useful z a "w = fe$+ ! l[ ,nile4 ,?is lake1 w r5d] no mean aid 9 "t ( dang]\s floods1 b1 9 its e>ly ye>s1 its ma9 use w be ! provision ( wat] 9 summ]4 ,x w supply ! two milli>ds :i* are ne$$ to conv]t ! :ole ( ,egypt f bas9 to p]5nial irrigation4 ,9 my book on 8,! ,assun ,res]voir & ,lake ,mris0 ,i h work$ out ! co/ ( ! project & e/imat$ x at #b1fjj1jjj4 ,! rates ,i h all[$ = ! excavation "w are consid]$ too l[ by "s critics4 ,if ! e>?work 9 ! ,nile ,valley _h to be excavat$ )9 #cj-;day rotations z on ! runn+ canals1 ,i %\ld be ! fir/ to agree2 b ! "w w la/ ?ree ye>s & ! contractors w be able to conc5trate all ! sp>e lab\r ( ! c\ntry on ! works :5 dem& = lab\r is slack1 & 9 ?is way ! rate ( ,p4,t4 #c p] cubic metre :i* ,i h all[$ w be f\nd to be ample4 ,9 ! hill ( salt$ m>l x w be possible to employ ! ,am]ican sy/em ( excavat+ by ! aid ( wat] issu+ f nozzles "u pressure4 ,by ?is me?od x w be possible to d mu* "w at ,p4,t4 #b & ,p4,t4 #c p] cubic metre z x is done 9 ,am]ica4 ,i h all[$ ,p4,t4 #e p] cubic metre4 ,to ?is hydraulic pressure "w ! salt$ m>ls w be specially suit$1 & inde$ ! recollection ( ! ease ) :i* ,am5emhat dug 8 canal ?\gh ?is v mat]ial la/$ long 9 ! memory ( ,egyptians4 ,"s #a1fjj ye>s aft] ! canal 0 excavat$1 ,h]odotus 0 in=m$ t ! excavat$ mat]ial 0 ?r[n into ! canal & transport$ by ! runn+ wat]4 ,a #ab-;in* pump on ! ,yusufi canal lift+ wat] on to ! top ( ! hill1 a numb] ( spade m5 help+ ! wat] z x c\rs$ d[n ! hill & lead+ ! liquid mud along wood5 tr\ghs into side rav9es & depressions1 & a /eep slope on ! we/]n half ( ! hill :]e ! rock _h be5 bla/$ away w\ld soon remove all ! mat]ial requir$ at a v l[ co/4 ,i h all[$ ,p4,t4 #aj p] cubic metre = ! s(t lime/one4 ,"h x w be easy to "w on a v]tical face ( "s #g metres1 bla/ out ! rock1 c>ry x away on f\r l9es ( railway runn+ d[n hill1 deposit ! rubble on ! des]t2 & z ea* #g metres dep? is complet$1 to beg9 ! next #g metres 9 dep? 9 ! same way4 ,9 my #ahid ,report ,i _h anticipat$ difficulties ) ! canal runn+ ?r\gh ! salt$ m>l4 ,s9ce !n ,i h ?or\ghly inspect$ ! rav9es 9 ! ,fay\m & se5 ! ,el-,bats rav9e :]e x cuts ?r\gh _m kilometres ( ?is v salt$ m>l4 ,! sides are absolutely v]tical & deposits ( mud & self-s[n tam>isk bu%es protect ! v]tical sides at places :]e ! runn+ wat] is ne>ly t\*+ ! m>l4 ,su* natural protection w be f> sup]ior to ! masonry l9+ ,i propos$ & f> m effective4 ,x w moreov] co/ no?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pl4 ,,xvi4 ,,wadi ,,rayan ,,res]voir ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,( ,,propos$ ,,canal ,horizontal ,scale #a 3 #aej4jjj ,v]tical ,scale #a 3 #fjj ,,longitud9al ,,section ,,( ,,! ,,fay\m ,to ^? critics :o sugge/ t ! wat]s ( ! lake might become salt$ or leak into ! ,fay\m ,i h to reply z foll[s3 ,:5 ! old ,lake ,mris1 or ! pres5t ,fay\m1 0 full ( wat] & #fc metres high] ?an ! bottom ( ! ,wady ,rayan1 & rema9$ s = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 !re 0 no "q ( ! wat]s hav+ become salt$ or hav+ escap$ into ! ,wady4 ,! ,wady 0 z dry z x is to-day & ! great inl& sea 0 always fre%4 ,if !re _h be5 any s]i\s infiltration f ! anci5t ,lake ,mris into ! ,wady ,rayan1 !re w\ld h result$ a lake :i* c\ld n h escap$ ! notice ( ! num]\s travell]s :o visit$ ! lake4 ,no m5tion 0 ev] made ( su* a lake4 ,?is body ( wat] moreov] w\ld h be5 inhabit$ by fre%-wat] animals ^: rema9s w\ld h /rewn its %ores4 ,no su* rema9s are to be se5 to-day4 ,if !re=e ! anci5t ,lake ,mris ) a head ( #fc metres on to ! ,wady ,rayan c\ld n leak into ! ,wady1 x is n likely t ! ,wady ,rayan res]voir ) a head ( f #bg to #bi metres on ! ,g>ak side ( ! ,fay\m w leak into t "p ( ! area cov]$ by ! anci5t lake4 ,any leakage into ! ,lake ,kurun side is nev] contemplat$ by anybody1 s9ce _m kilometres ( compact lime/one lie betwe5 ! ,wady ,rayan & x1 :ile ab\t "o or two kilometres ( ! same lime/one lie betwe5 ! ,wady ,rayan & ! ,g>ak depression4 #cd4 ,lake ,alb]t res]voir project & project = tra9+ ! ,alb]t ,nile & ! ,z]af ,riv]4--,if we wi% n only to irrigate ! :ole ( ,egypt1 b to include ! ,sudan 9 ! sph]e ( op]ations we mu/ regulate ! supply issu+ f ,lake ,alb]t ,nyanza & ensure its passage ?r\gh ! great swamp regions4 ,to my m9d no "w 9 ! ,sudd regions w be ( any sub/antial value unless ! ,alb]t res]voir dam is fir/ built4 ,tabulat+ ! in=mation collect$ 9 ! gauges & dis*>ge tables we may /ate t ! dis*>ge ( ! ,alb]t ,nile 9 cubic metres p] second betwe5 ! #ae? ,janu>y & #ae? ,may 0 z foll[s 93-- #aija #aijb #aijc #aijd ,dis*>ge at ,gondokoro #fjj #fjj #gjj #ajjj ,dis*>ge above ,sobat m\? #cjj #cjj #cej #dce ,9 #ahfa ! dis*>ge at ,gondokoro 0 z l[ z #ejj cubic metres p] second4 ,x w be se5 t1 9 spite ( ! great wa/e1 !re is an increase at ! nor!rn end ( ! ,sudd region ev5 "u pres5t conditions :5 ! dis*>ge at ! s\? end is increas$ 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! #ae? ,janu>y & #ae? ,may4 ,! wat] :i* ent]s ! ,:ite ,nile dur+ ^! mon?s repres5ts ! summ] cont+5t ( ! ,:ite ,nile to ! ,nile 9 ,egypt4 ,n[ ?\gh an increase 9 ,april at ! s\? end ( ! ,sudd region is felt at ! nor? end1 no su* increase is felt 9 ,septemb] & ,octob]1 & ! reason has be5 giv5 9 ,*apt]s ,,ii & ,,iii4 ,9 ,april ! ,sobat riv] is dis*>g+ practically no?+1 & ! :ole supply available 9 ! ,alb]t ,nile c pass d[n ! ,:ite ,nile pa/ ! ,sobat m\?4 ,9 ,septemb] ! ,sobat riv] may be dis*>g+ #gej to #a1jjj cubic metres p] second1 & z ! ,:ite ,nile _c dis*>ge ! comb9$ wat]s ( ! two riv]s1 ! wat] ( ! ,alb]t ,nile is head$ up & accumulat$ 9 ! l[l&s betwe5 ,lake ,no & ! ,sobat m\?4 ,?is is greatly to ! advantage ( ,egypt1 = x is ! dis*>ge at ! head ( ! ,:ite ,nile betwe5 ,janu>y #ae & ,may #ae :i* decides ! ,:ite ,nile cont+5t to ! summ] supply ( ! ,nile 9 ,egypt1 & ! great] ! quantity ( wat] above ! head ( ! ,:ite ,nile1 9 ! abs5ce ( a regulator or b>rage at ,wadelai or ,dufil1 ! bett] ! summ] supply ( ,egypt4 ,aft] ! abnormally high flood ( #ahgh1 :5 ,gordon 0 up ! ,nile1 s great 0 ! accumulation t ! dis*>ge at ,assun nev] fell bel[ #aejj cubic metres p] second 9 ! summ] ( #ahgi4 ,! ,b>rage 0 n regulat$ ^u & yet all ! ,l[] ,egypt canals 7 full ( wat]1 & ! cotton crop ( ,egypt = t ye> 0 q abnormal = ! sev5ties ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,n[ an exp5diture ( betwe5 #djj1jjj & #a1jjj1jjj1 say #hjj1jjj1 c\ld secure a regulator = ,lake ,alb]t at any po9t betwe5 ! outlet & ,dufil4 ,su* a regulator w\ld insure #abjj cubic metres p] second e ye> to ! ,alb]t ,nile at ,gondokoro betwe5 ! #ae? ,janu>y & ! #ae? ,may4 ,) ?is supply insur$1 ! tra9+ works 9 ! ,sudd region w\ld soon beg9 to affect ! dis*>ge at ! nor? end ( ?is region :]e ! ,:ite ,nile beg9s4 ,! way 9 :i* ?is "w ( tra9+ %\ld be c>ri$ out has be5 admirably laid d[n 9 page #agd ( ,sir ,william ,g>/9's ,report4 8,alt] ! flood conditions ( ! ,alb]t ,nile 7,bahr-el-,gebel7 z little z possible1 let ! excess flood wat] escape on bo? sides1 b keep ! summ] supply 9 its *annel40 ,?is is1 to my view1 ! s\nde/ /atem5t f an eng9e]+ po9t ( view 9 ! :ole report4 ,hi!rto we h always assum$ a va/ exp5diture = keep+ ! flood supply 9 "o *annel2 b ) our att5tion devot$ to ! summ] *annel1 we %\ld h be=e u all ! advantages ( summ] tra9+ works )\t any fe> ( inundations4 ,! v wildness ( ! regions w\ld be 9 our fav\r4 ,to be able to tra9 a riv] 9 summ] )\t any n]v\sness ab\t floods1 is giv5 to few eng9e]s4 ,i _h nev] ?\ght t any good ?+ c\ld come out ( ! sudd region1 b look$ at f ?is po9t ( view1 we c1 ev5 9 ?is inhospitable wa/e ( wat]s1 confirm ,%akespe>e's say+ t 8!re is "s s\l ( goodness 9 ?+s evil40 ,! ,lake ,alb]t res]voir c\ld easily insure #abjj cubic metres p] second e ye> betwe5 ! #ae? ,janu>y & ! #ae? ,may4 ,to pass ?r\gh ! ,sudd regions z mu* z possible ( ! #abjj cubic metres p] second receiv$ at ,gondokoro1 ! foll[+ works w\ld be necess>y3-- ,! fir/ "w to be done w\ld be ! removal ( sudd block ,no4 #ae :i* = #cg kilometres s\? ( ,hillet-el-,nu] has turn$ ! ,alb]t ,nile out ( its c\rse4 ,! importance ( ?is is /rongly insi/$ on by ,sir ,william ,g>/9 on page #ee ( ,app5dix ,,vi ( 8 ,report1 :i* is ! v la/ ?+ he wrote4 ,) ?is block remov$1 ! ,alb]t ,nile w\ld be giv5 a good opportunity ( work+ out its own salvation4 ,! next po9t is "o to :i* ,i atta* ! greate/ importance4 ,inde$1 ,i look ^u x z ! key ( ! :ole region4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile ent]s ! s\?-ea/ corn] ( ,lake ,no & almo/ imm$iately aft]w>ds leaves its ea/ corn]4 ,n[ ,lake ,no is ! f9al evaporat+ bas9 ( ! ,bahr-el-,gazelle1 probably ! mo/ unsatisfactory riv] 9 ! :ole _w2 & x is op5 to d\bt :e!r 9 a ye> ( defici5t ra9fall on its own cat*m5t bas9 & a ye> ( good supply d[n ! ,alb]t ,nile1 x does n evaporate a consid]able quantity ( ! wat] ( ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,if ! dis*>ge ( ! ,alb]t ,nile nor? ( ,hillet ,nu] 0 br\ght to #dej cubic metres p] second 9 ,april1 ?is lake might wa/e mu* ( x4 ,su* be+ ! case1 a cut ( a maximum l5g? ( "s #e kilometres %\ld be dr$g$ s\? ( ! s\?-ea/ corn] ( ! lake1 & ! wat]s ( ! ,alb]t ,nile sep>at$ f ^? ( ! ,gazelle4 ,a *eap wood5 lock & regulator w\ld all[ boats to pass1 & take 9 any wat] f ! ,gazelle riv] :5 x _h x to give4 ,! maximum wat] we h to deal ) is z]o 9 summ] & #dj cubic metres p] second 9 flood4 ,if ! ,alb]t ,nile 7 sep>at$ f ! ,gazelle1 x might be f\nd t ! wat]s ( ! ,gazelle riv] f\nd _! way into ! ,alb]t ,nile ?r\gh t my/]i\s & unsatisfactory riv] ! ,lolle4 ,"s use might ev5 be f\nd = x4 ,i h1 s9ce ,i wrote ?is1 be5 in=m$ by ,capt4 ,lyons t ,m>no 9 #ahha propos$ ?is cut r\nd ! s\?-ea/ corn] ( ,lake ,no4 7,pet4 ,mi!il1 #ahha1 page #dbe & plate #bj74 ,! ,alb]t ,nile to-day at ,hillet-el-,nu] is capable ( c>ry+ #dej cubic metres p] second4 ,nor? ( ,hillet-el-,nu]1 ! ,alb]t ,nile has a mean wid? ( #ge metres1 b ow+ to want ( tra9+ & papyrus swamps1 ! dis*>ge dw9dles d[n to #cbj cubic metres p] second4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile has 9 ?is rea* a v good section inde$ & by beg9n+ ) ! we/ bank & dr$g+ r\nd corn]s & clos+ spills by dr$g$ e>?1 an improvem5t ( section & slope1 back$ up by a p]man5t dis*>ge ( #dej cubic metres p] second at ,hillet-el-,nu]1 might spe$ily result 9 ?is v dis*>ge ( #dej cubic metres p] second be+ obta9$ s\? ( ,lake ,no4 ,we are "h 9 su* swamp$ l& t p]colation w\ld be practically z]o4 ,!re are only #bjj kilometres ( *annel ) all its curves1 or #afj kilometres ( tra9$ *annel to "w at1 9 :i* #ge p] c5t ( ! "w is to h&2 & we h to conf9e our att5tion to ! l[ supply )\t worry+ ov] ! flood supplies4 ,n[ ! ,bahr-el-,z]af c\ld be made capable ( c>ry+ #aej cubic metres p] second by an improvem5t ( ! inlet at ,bak]'s *annel & by dr$g+ nor? ( ,ghaba ,%ambe1 z w be se5 by exam9+ ! measur$ dis*>ges ( ! ,bahr4 ,) ! ,bahr-el-,z]af c>ry+ #aej cubic metres p] second & ! ,alb]t ,nile c>ry+ #dej cubic metres p] second1 we %\ld h ensur$ #fjj cubic metres p] second4 ,z "t w5t on1 improvem5ts 9 ! *annels w\ld make !mselves felt1 z !y are ev5 do+ to-day1 & we might ev5 h #gjj & #hjj cubic metres p] second at ! head ( ! ,:ite ,nile bel[ ! ,sobat m\?4 ,we mu/ always rememb] t x is assum$ t ! lake ,alb]t res]voir dam has be5 con/ruct$ & a supply ( #a1bjj cubic metres p] second assur$ at ,gondokoro f ,janu>y to ,may4 ,if ! ,sobat riv] 7 capable ( regulation d[n/ream ( ! ,pibor m>%es1 we might get an increase f t direction z well4 ,! possibility ( a good site = a res]voir up/ream ( ,nass] is v great4 ,! ,nass] gauge rises & falls s sl[ly t !re mu/ be v great natural accumulations ( wat] up/ream ( x1 :i* might be improv$4 ,! "q ( quality ne$s /udy4 ,! dis*>ge ( #dce cubic metres p] second1 :i* ! riv]s 9 _! pres5t /ate1 aid$ by ! ,lake ,alb]t res]voir1 c\ld deliv] into ! ,:ite ,nile1 w\ld ?us see itself gradually increas$ to #ejj1 #eej1 & #fjj cubic metres p] second & ev5 m1 & w\ld ent] ! ,:ite ,nile pa/ ! ,sobat m\? 9 ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 ,april & ,may4 ,dur+ ^! mon?s ! :ole ( ! supply w\ld pass d[n ! ,:ite ,nile )\t ?r[+ backwat] on ! riv]s4 ,lat] on1 :5 ! ,sobat riv] came d[n 9 flood & fill$ up ! *annel ( ! ,:ite ,nile1 ! ,alb]t ,nile w\ld h its wat]s r$uc$ at ! ,alb]t regulator1 & ! wat]s ( ,lake ,alb]t w\ld aga9 be /or$ = ! day :5 ! ,sobat floods _h fall5 & ! ,:ite ,nile *annel 0 free & ready to take 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,:ile ,i _h contemplat$ ! tra9+ ( ! flood wat]s ( ! ,alb]t ,nile ?r\gh ! ,sudd regions ,i _h e/imat$ ! co/ at #ajj1jjj p] annum1 = #be ye>s1 or at #b1ejj1jjj4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 t ,sir ,william ,g>/9 has %[n h[ we ne$ only att5d to ! summ] supplies1 ! sum may be r$uc$ to half ! =m] figure or to #a1bjj1jjj1 & be m ?an ample4 ,) #b1jjj1jjj devot$ to ! ,lake ,alb]t res]voir & ! tra9+ works 9 ! ,sudd region1 ! summ] supply ( ,egypt & ! nor!rn ,sudan w\ld be put on a firm base4 ,dr4 ,s*we9fur?1 ! em95t ,african travell] & savant1 0 ! fir/ to call ! att5tion ( ! ,egyptian ,gov]nm5t to ! necessity ( clos+ ! spills f ! ,:ite ,nile to ! nor? ( ,gondokoro1 & s beg9n+ ! tra9+ ( ! riv]4 ,he v rightly said3--8,_m ye>s w\ld elapse be=e ! desir$ result w\ld be obta9$ by ! /r5g!n+ ( ! banks1 b ! works w\ld be increas+ly felt e ye> 9 ,egypt z ! works progress$40 #ce4 ,flood protection = ,egypt4--,9 p>agraph #cj x 0 /at$ t ! floods 9 ! ,delta or 9 ,l[] ,egypt c rise to a height ( f #b to #c metres above ! level ( ! c\ntry4 ,su* floods are really dang]\s & means %\ld be f\nd = mod]at+ !m4 ,! ,wady ,rayan res]voir1 :5 conv]t$ into ! mod]n ,lake ,mris & act+ z a res]voir1 w h "o great advantage1 x w be able to l[] a high flood #cj c5timetres = #ej days4 ,?is w give relief to ! ,nile1 a relief :i* w be mu* appreciat$ by ! :ole c\ntry f ,b5i ,suef to ! sea1 & especially by ,cairo4 ,i h already /at$ t ! ,damietta bran* is especially dang]\s & unfit to act z an escape "u exi/+ conditions4 ,t bran* c\ld be regulat$ on at its head & treat$ l a canal4 ,?anks to ,sir ,hanbury ,br[n's initiative ! ,b>rages c be regulat$ on 9 flood z well z 9 summ]1 & by l[]+ ! supply 9 ! ,damietta bran* & turn+ ! surplus d[n ! ,rosetta bran*1 ! latt] w\ld become ! flood escape ( ! ,nile4 ,x might be tra9$ z ,mr4 ,eads sugge/$ t riv]s %\ld be treat$4 ,mr4 ,eads' argum5t is v cle>4 ,he insi/s t riv]s eat away _! banks 9 places1 n ow+ to ! direct action ( ! wat] b by ! alt]ations 9 ! velocity ( ! curr5t4 ,:5 ! riv] wat] is *>g$ ) s$im5t to its full c>ry+ capacity x _c take up m unless ! rate ( curr5t be increas$4 ,if ! *annel be ne>ly uni=m ! riv] wat] _c eat away any ( its banks4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! *annel is v>y+1 ! silt deposits 9 ! wide sections1 & ! wat]1 free ( "s ( its s$im5t1 is ready to eat m4 ,x is ?is alt]nate dropp+ silt & eat+ away ( e>? :i* does ! h>m4 ,to treat ! ,rosetta bran* accord+ to ,mr4 ,eads x w\ld be necess>y to fix ! top wid? to be work$ to1 at say #eej metres4 ,! riv] c\ld be br\ght to ?is uni=m top wid? by build+ light inexp5sive p]meable spurs on ! s&y %oals4 ,! l& betwe5 ! spurs w\ld become cultivat$ & su* riv] tra9+ w\ld pay ! ,gov]nm5t1 :i* taxes all cultivat$ l&2 x w\ld ev5 pay h&somely = any company to und]take ! "w once ! rule ab\t =e%ores 0 und]/ood4 ,! ,gov]nm5t w\ld1 h[ev]1 always succe$2 :5 x c\ld n sell1 x c\ld always tax4 ,su* tra9+ w\ld p]man5tly l[] ! flood4 ,9 addition to ! above x w\ld be necess>y to complete ! sy/em ( spurs begun 9 #ahhd1 & to ?r[ back ! banks z already recomm5d$4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ! completion ( ?is "w w\ld co/ #ijj1jjj = spurs & banks1 :ile ! tra9+ works w\ld pay = !mselves 9 addition to greatly improv+ ! *annel & l[]+ ! level ( ! flood4 ,x may be humiliat+ to make ! confession1 b f ,b4,c4 #b1bjj to ! ,arab invasion ( ,egypt 9 ,a4,d4 #fdj1 :ile ,lake ,mris p]=m$ its allott$ task & ! ,nile possess$ tra9+ works su* z ^? we c see to-day 9 ,nubia1 ,egypt 0 bett] protect$ f inundation1 & ! ,nile bett] tra9$1 ?an x is to-day4 ,& yet we h _m advantages :i* no ,ph>aoh possess$4 ,by ! aid ( telegraphy we h k ( a com+ flood a full fifte5 days be=e x arrives 9 ! ,delta2 ! ,kh>t\m gauge all[s u to anticipate its v height4 ,meteorology is aid+ u /ill fur!r4 ,9 a pap] ,i read at ! ,*icago ,int]national ,exhibition ,i /at$ t ye>s ( heavy ra9fall 9 ,india are ye>s ( high flood 9 ,egypt1 :ile ye>s ( poor ra9fall 9 ,india are ye>s ( l[ flood 9 ,egypt4 ,sir ,john ,eliot1 ! ,director ,g5]al ( ! ,meteorological ,dep>tm5t ( ,india1 correct$ ?is /atem5t4 ,he said t ?\gh ?is 0 n true ( ! ,b5gal monsoon1 x 0 true ( ! ,bombay monsoon4 ,ye>s ( heavy ra9fall 9 ,guj]at & ,bombay are ye>s ( high flood on ! ,nile1 & vice v]s4 ,z ! ra9 falls 9 ,bombay a mon? e>li] ?an ! ,nile flood rea*es ,cairo1 we h in=mation ( a high flood a mon? be=e x arrives1 if we receive telegraphic in=mation f ,bombay4 #cf4 ,complete project = wat] /orage & flood protection = ,egypt4--,! complete project = wat] /orage & flood protection = ,egypt z propos$ by me1 contemplates ! foll[+ works3-- ,rais+ ! ,assun res]voir 7#b ye>s7 #ejj1jjj ,wady ,rayan res]voir 7#d ye>s7 #b1fjj1jjj ,tra9+ ! ,rosetta bran* #ijj1jjj ----------- ,total #d1jjj1jjj ,to ^! h to be add$ ! approximate e/imates ( ! propos$ works on ! ,upp] ,nile3-- ,regulator = ,lake ,alb]t 7#d ye>s7 #hjj1jjj ,dr$g+ & tra9+ works 9 ! ,alb]t ,nile & ! ,z]af riv] 7#ab ye>s7 #a1bjj1jjj ----------- ,total #b1jjj1jjj ,gr& total ( works on ! ,upp] & ,l[] ,nile #f1jjj1jjj ,! total exp5diture am\nts to #f1jjj1jjj spread ov] #ab ye>s4 ,! great advantage ( und]tak+ all ^? works toge!r may be ?us summ>iz$4 ,! increas$ supply f ! ,assun res]voir w be felt 9 ,egypt aft] a p]iod ( two ye>s4 ,five ye>s lat] ! wat]s ( ! ,wady ,rayan w be add$ to ^? ( ! ,assun res]voir1 & x w be possible to increase ! cotton crop ( ,egypt f #f million to #aj million cwt4 ,x w be possible to all[ ! ,sudan to ?or\ghly develop its agricultural res\rces1 & ) ! aid ( ! #be1jjj horse p[] z a m9imum :i* ! #f? cat>act ne> ,kh>t\m c supply1 to utilise = its own consumption ! wat]s :i* c be /or$ at t cat>act2 &1 9 addition to ^?1 ! available supplies f ,lake ,tsana provid$ t t lake is furni%$ ) an outlet tunnel4 ,:ile all ?is life & activity w be develop+ !mselves 9 ,egypt & ! ,sudan1 ! effects ( ! regulator ( ,lake ,alb]t & ! tra9+ ( ! ,alb]t ,nile 9 ! ,sudd regions w be gradually ass]t+ !mselves2 &1 if ! works are be+ /eadily & p]sev]+ly c>ri$ out1 x is well )9 ! range ( possibility t be=e #aj or #ab ye>s w h pass$1 ! additional supplies f ! upp] wat]s ( ! ,:ite ,nile w h become s ample1 t x w be possible to disp5se ) ! ,wady ,rayan z a res]voir4 ,:5 ?is w h happ5$1 ! ,wady ,rayan ) its canal w become ! true flood escape ( ,egypt1 l ! anci5t ,lake ,mris1 & w1 ) ! ,rosetta bran*1 af=d complete protection to ,egypt aga9/ ! dang]s ( a high flood4 ,egypt1 9 ! fulle/ mean+ ( ! t]m1 w be enjoy+ p]5nial irrigation & flood protection4 ,9 my book on ! 8,assun ,res]voir & ,lake ,mris0 ,i _h recomm5d$ a m ext5d$ programme1 b ! read+ ( ,sir ,william ,g>/9's ,report has conv9c$ me t useful z ! ,lake ,victoria res]voir dam may be1 its po/ponem5t z recomm5d$ by ,sir ,william is s\nd1 until all ! o!r works h be5 execut$4 ,! really ess5tial "w is ! ,lake ,alb]t res]voir dam1 ( :i* ! /udy might inde$ be comm5c$ imm$iately4 ,sir ,william's proposal to tra9 ! summ] supply ( ! ,alb]t ,nile & all[ ! ov]fl[ ( ! floods to f9d its way ?r\gh ! ,sudd region is s s\nd & conv9c+ t ! necess>y tra9+ works 9 ! ,sudd region are greatly r$uc$4 ,) ^! r$uctions ! e/imat$ co/ ( ! project = wat] /orage & flood protection = ,egypt is r$uc$ f #h1bjj1jjj to #f1jjj1jjj4 ,i h left ! ,wady ,rayan e/imate z x 0 9 my orig9al programme4 ,mr4 ,webb's criticism ( ! project 0 bas$ on facts :i* are outside ! project4 ,he suppos$ t ! ,wady ,rayan 0 to rema9 a res]voir = all "t & t x 0 n to be aid$ by ! works on ! ,upp] ,nile4 ,n[ ! project ,i propos$ & :i* ,i propose n[1 presupposes t ! ,wady ,rayan w be a tempor>y res]voir & f9al flood escape = ! ,nile1 & t x w be aid$ 9 ye>s ( v defici5t flood by ! gradual improvem5t ( ! ,upp] ,nile ow+ to ! works und]tak5 !re4 #cg4 ,sir ,william ,g>/9's programme = wat] /orage & flood control4--,9 ! fir/ app5dix to 8 ,report on ! ,upp] ,nile1 ,sir ,william ,g>/91 ,g4,c4,m4,g41 ,advis] to ! ,m9i/ry ( ,public ,works1 has drawn up a programme ( works = wat] /orage & flood control 9 ! ,nile valley4 ,he approves ( ! rais+ ( ! ,assun dam = #ejj1jjj1 & ! conv]sion ( ! ,rosetta bran* ( ! ,nile into a flood escape = #ijj1jjj4 ,he !n conditionally approves ( a proposal sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,b]es=d1 ,c4,i4,e41 = mak+ a /raight cut f ,bor on ! ,alb]t ,nile to ! m\? ( ! ,sobat riv] at ! tail ( ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,! l9e w\ld be #cdj kilometres 9 l5g? & is e/imat$ to co/ #e1ejj1jjj1 & c>ry #fjj cubic metres p] second 9 summ]4 ,9 case ( ! l9e be+ f\nd impracticable :5 x 0 survey$ & levell$1 ,sir ,william propos$ ab&on+ ! ,alb]t ,nile & ?or\ghly wid5+ & deep5+ ! ,z]af riv] = #c1djj1jjj4 ,z a criticism ( ! ,bor cut project ,i _c write any?+ m conv9c+ f my po9t ( view ?an a lett] writt5 by me & publi%$ by 8,! ,eng9e]0 9 ,octob] ( ?is ye>4 8,9 y\r issue ( ! #af? ,septemb] ,sir ,hanbury ,br[n has review$ ! s*eme sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,b]es=d1 ,c4,i4,e41 & conditionally approv$ by ,sir ,william ,g>/91 = div]t+ ! wat]s ( ! ,alb]t ,nile 7kn[n z ! ,bahr-el-,gebel7 f ,bor to ! m\? ( ! ,sobat riv]1 on a l5g? #cdj kilometres1 & s5d+ !m d[n a canal capable ( c>ry+ #fjj cubic metres p] second1 at an e/imat$ co/ ( #e1ejj1jjj4 ,9 8 review ,sir ,hanbury puts 8 f+] on ! weak po9t 9 ! project1 viz41 ! difficulty & loss ( wat] entail$ at ! cross+ ( ! ,alb]t ,nile j up/ream ( ! ,sobat m\?4 ,! difficulty w be got ov]1 z ,sir ,hanbury himself sugge/s1 by an e>!n embankm5t provid$ ) a regulator4 ,! loss ( wat] _c be got ov]4 8,i h tak5 ! foll[+ figures f ,sir ,william's report & f ! gauge records ( ! ,public ,works ,m9i/ry3-- ,,dis*>ge ,,9 ,,cubic ,,metres ,,p] ,,second ,,dur+ ,,febru>y1 ,,m>*1 ,,& ,,april ,,( ,,! ,,alb]t ,,nile4 #aija4 #aijb4 #aijc4 #aijd4 ,at ,gondokoro above ,bor #fjj #fjj #gjj #a1jjj ,up/ream ( ! m\? ( ! ,sobat riv] #cjj #cjj #cej #dce 8,n[1 9 a ye> l #aija or #aijb1 ) #fjj cubic metres p] second pass+ ,gondokoro1 ! div]sion canal might be all[$ to take 9 #ejj cubic metres p] second1 leav+ #ajj cubic metres p] second = ! ,alb]t ,nile1 ,atem riv]1 & all ! ,nu]1 ,d9ka1 & ,%illook c\ntry betwe5 ,gondokoro & ! ,sobat m\?4 ,an all[ance ( #ajj cubic metres p] second w\ld n be lib]al1 & w\ld probably result 9 ! wat] becom+ /agnant & v impure2 b we %all leave t alone4 ,/>t+ ) #ejj cubic metres p] second ( cle> wat] ! high level div]sion canal w\ld nev] lose less ?an #ej cubic metres p] second ?r\gh p]colation & evaporation be=e x rea*$ ! ,sobat m\?4 ,_m au?orities w\ld put ! loss at #dj p] c5t41 b we %all say #aj p] c5t4 8,we %\ld !n h #dej cubic metres p] second ent]+ ! ,:ite ,nile at its head1 j at ! end ( ! ,alb]t ,nile & at ! m\? ( ! ,sobat riv]4 ,at ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 "u normal conditions ! ,alb]t ,nile w\ld h be5 dis*>g+ #cjj cubic metres p] second4 ,?is supply1 aft] ! op5+ ( ! div]sion canal1 w\ld h fail$ utt]ly1 z ! wat]s ( ! ,alb]t ,nile w\ld h be5 div]t$ d[n ! div]sion canal4 ,:atev] wat] !re 0 9 ! ,alb]t ,nile w\ld1 moreov]1 h be5 at s l[ a level t x c\ld n h fl[$ d[n ! ,:ite ,nile toge!r ) ! high level wat] ( ! div]sion canal4 ,we %\ld !re=e h _h 9 a ye> l #aija & #aijb a net ga9 ( #dej less #cjj cubic metres p] second1 or #aej cubic metres p] second at ! head ( ! ,:ite ,nile4 ,by ! "t ?is extra wat] rea*$ ,assun x w\ld h become #ajj cubic metres p] second4 8,if ?is project1 or any o!r project ( any k9d1 is ev] to be c>ri$ out on ! upp] wat]s ( ! ,:ite ,nile1 ! v fir/ ?+ to be done w be to con/ruct a weir or b>rage at ! outlet ( ! ,alb]t ,lake1 at ,wadelai1 or l[] d[n at ,dufile4 ,i %\ld say1 judg+ f ! map & ! cross section1 t ,wadelai itself w\ld be an excell5t site = a weir4 ,i h advocat$ ?is project 9 season & out ( season ^! t5 ye>s1 & n[ t actual dis*>ges & figures are be=e me ,i am m ?an ev] conv9c$ t ,i 0 no untrue prophet :5 ,i wrote 9 my book on 8,! ,assun ,res]voir ,dam & ,aft]0 t 8! po9t :]e ,lake ,alb]t ends & ! ,alb]t ,nile beg9s to h a rapid & contract$ /ream w be ! site ( ! future great regulator or b>rage ( ! upp] wat]s ( ! ,nile4 ,?is "w w be "h or at ,dufile40 ,su* a "w w\ld co/ any?+ betwe5 #djj1jjj & #a1jjj1jjj4 8,if su* a "w 7 c>ri$ out x w\ld be possible to insure e ye> a dis*>ge ( betwe5 #a1jjj & #a1ejj cubic metres p] second at ,gondokoro f ! #ae? ( ,janu>y to ! #ae? ( ,may1 i4e41 dur+ ! mon?s :i* det]m9e ! summ] wat] supply ( ! ,:ite ,nile = ,egypt4 ,su* a quantity ( wat] w\ld insure #dce cubic metres p] second at ! head ( ! ,:ite ,nile1 z x has done ?is ye>1 ev5 "u exi/+ conditions2 :ile ) tra9+ & dr$g] "w 9 ! ,alb]t ,nile & ,bahr ,z]af betwe5 ,gondokoro & ,lake ,no1 x might be increas$ to #fjj cubic metres p] second1 & ev5 m4 ,! way 9 :i* ?is "w ( tra9+ %\ld be c>ri$ out has be5 admirably laid d[n on page #agd ( ,sir ,william's ,report04 ,!re are moreov] o!r reasons ,i ?9k = condemn+ ! excavation ( a /raight cut #cdj kilometres 9 l5g? across ! ea/]n corn] ( ! ,sudd regions4 ,! reasons are to be f\nd 9 ,sir ,william ,g>/9's ,report itself4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features ( ?is report is ! numb] ( actually measur$ dis*>ges at diff]5t sites4 ,( all ^! sites ,gondokoro1 ! s\!rn key ( ! ,sudd region1 is ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,x is v evid5t f an exam9ation ( ,sections ,nos4 #ah1 #ai1 #bf & #bg1 ,plate ,,viii ( ,sir ,william's ,report1 t ! ,alb]t ,nile at ,gondokoro sc\rs out its b$ v sev]ely aft] a high flood l t ( #aijc4 ,! wid? ( ! section is ab\t #bcj metres ) v]tical sides1 & yet :ile a gauge ( #ej metres on ! #a/ ,april #aijc 7aft] ! l[ ye> ( #aijb7 gave a section ( #fae squ>e metres2 on ! #i? ,septemb] #aijc 7aft] a good ye>71 ! section 0 #a1cdg squ>e metres = a gauge ( #b4cc metres4 ,9 o!r words1 a rise ( #a4hc metres gave an increas$ section ( #gcb squ>e metres2 :ile1 if ! b$ _h n sc\r$1 x w\ld h be5 #dba squ>e metres4 ,we h "h an increase ( #caa squ>e metres1 or m ?an #a metre ( sc\r4 ,all ?is happ5$ 9 #e mon?s1 & proves t ! cle> wat] ( ! lakes1 :5 9 volume1 has a f9e cutt+ edge4 ,9 footnote 7#b7 ( page #aaf ( 8 ,report1 ,sir ,william ,g>/9 says t 9 ! p>ts ( ! riv] :]e ! sudd has be5 cle>$ !re are indications t a sc\r ( ! b$ has set 94 ,aga91 on page #ee ( ! app5dix1 he says t ! removal ( ! sudds has caus$ ! levels ( ! %all[ lakes to fall4 ,all ?is proves t if ! spills & escapes f ! ,alb]t ,nile 7 clos$ ) ambat*1 z propos$ by ,sir ,william ,g>/9 on page #age1 & a few dr$g]s put into ! ,alb]t ,nile & ! ,z]af riv] ! exp5diture ( a sum ( money v mod]ate inde$ comp>$ ) #e1ejj1jjj w\ld 9 all probability result 9 ! two riv]s be+ s wid5$ & deep5$ t !y c\ld c>ry ! full summ] supply ( ! lakes1 & s !re w\ld be a result+ economy ( ov] #d1ejj1jjj 9 ! new *annel f ,bor :i*1 :5 x began work+1 might introduce on an aggravat$ scale all ! difficulties ( to-day 9 ! ,alb]t ,nile4 ,a good description ( c]ta9 spills is giv5 on page #aab ( ! ,report1 a good idea ( sc\r 9 ,plate ,,xxix41 opposite page #aaj1 :ile on page #aha ,sir ,william ,g>/9 makes ! rem>k t ! exp]i5ce ( ,am]ican eng9e]s has taught u t ?\gh 9 !ory x may be possible to %ort5 or /raight5 a great riv]1 9 actual practice x is accompani$ ) almo/ insurm\ntable difficulties4 ,if ! new *annel 7 dug & set work+1 9 a few ye>s x might be z crook$ z ! ,alb]t ,nile itself1 unless x 7 protect$ ) /one along its entire l5g?4 ,9 my project = deep5+ & wid5+ bo? ! ,alb]t ,nile & ! ,z]af riv] to enable !m to c>ry #fjj cubic metres p] second1 ,i ?9k ,i h giv5 v solid reasons aga9/ ab&on+ ! ,alb]t ,nile & s5d+ ! :ole supply d[n ! ,z]af riv] at a co/ ( #c1djj1jjj4 ,i _c b ?9k t ,sir ,william ,g>/9's rec5t objections to ! ,alb]t ,nile are f\nd$ on an ov]sight4 ,he has1 app>5tly1 n kept ! flood dis*>ges ( ! ,alb]t ,nile at ,gondokoro & above ! ,sobat m\? suffici5tly ap>t f ^? ( l[ supply4 ,x is ! ,sobat flood1 comb9$ ) ! poor c>ry+ capacity ( ! ,:ite ,nile1 :i* is ! di/urb+ factor1 & n any inh]5t vici\sness 9 ! ,alb]t ,nile itself4 ,! ,alb]t ,nile has a good section1 &1 if x 7 tra9$ 9 conjunction ) ! ,z]af riv]1 w\ld1 ,i feel confid5t1 dis*>ge all ! wat] requir$ ) a v mod]ate exp5diture ( money4 ,?is1 ,i always und]/ood1 0 ,sir ,william's own op9ion4 ,9 su* projects x is wise to rememb] ,horace's say+1 8,naturam furc expellas tam5usque recurrit40 #ch4 ,project = conv]t+ ! bas9 irrigat$ l&s ( ,upp] ,egypt into p]5nially irrigat$ l&s4--,no consid]ation ( ?is "q w\ld be complete )\t fir/ exam9+ into ! *anges :i* w\ld be made 9 ! regim5 ( ! ,nile flood by ! contemplat$ conv]sion ( bas9 irrigation into p]5nial irrigation4 ,?is "q 0 exam9$ v ?or\ghly by me 9 #ahib & #ahic & ,i give "h my argum5ts = n anticipat+ any s]i\s difficulties4 ,we h to consid] ! effect ( ! introduction ( p]5nial irrigation on ! regime ( ! ,nile4 ,! p]fection ( ! p]5nial irrigation ( ! ,delta nor? ( ,cairo w 9 no way affect ! ,nile 9 flood4 ,! canals w cont9ue to run z !y d at pres5t1 & ! "q ( conv]sion 9 ,l[] ,egypt is !re=e q indep5d5t ( ! subject ( flood protection4 ,9 ,upp] ,egypt1 h[ev]1 we h #a1dfj1jjj acres ( bas9 irrigation2 & z ea* acre receives 9 a l[ flood #hj cubic metres ( wat] p] day1 9 an ord9>y flood #acj cubic metres p] day1 & 9 an extraord9>y flood #agj cubic metres p] day1 :ile ! dem&s ( p]5nial irrigation are only #be cubic metres p] acre p] day1 x w readily be und]/ood t we are deal+ ) a quantity ( wat] :i* dem&s ! greate/ att5tion4 ,to =etell ) exactitude ! anticipat$ *anges 9 ! regime ( ! ,nile1 x is necess>y to "k fir/ ! daily gauges ( ! ,nile at ,assun & ,cairo = a p]iod ( at lea/ tw5ty ye>s1 & ! dis*>ges correspond+ to ^! gauges4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! dis*>ges repres5ts ! consumption ( wat]4 ,we h next to det]m9e ! am\nt ( wat] :i* passes into ! canals1 ! am\nt utilis$ 9 fill+ up ! tr\gh ( ! ,nile & cov]+ ! b]ms1 & ! am\nts evaporat$ & absorb$4 ,we "k t ! la/ ?ree items are con/ant :ile ! canal dis*>ges are v>iable & dep5d on ! sy/em ( irrigation &1 if our data are correct1 we c tell ) mod]ate c]ta9ty :at *anges 9 ! level ( ! ,nile w foll[ c]ta9 *anges 9 ! sy/em ( irrigation4 ,tables #fe & #fg ( ,app5dix ,l conta9 ! ,assun & ,cairo gauges = typical ye>s 9 a p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s f #ahgc to #ahib1 & ! mean gauges ( ^! tw5ty ye>s4 ,f9d+ x impossible to und]/& ! ,nile )\t fir/ ref]r+ e gauge to "s uni=m /&>d1 ,i h _h to *oose ! l9e ( ref]5ce4 ,! mean high wat] level & ! mean l[ wat] level are bo? available4 ,9 ,egypt ! mean high wat] level v>ies v consid]ably :e!r we take x 9 ,augu/ & ! e>ly "p ( ,septemb] :5 ! bas9 canals are runn+ full supply1 or 9 ! latt] half ( ,septemb] :5 ! canals are runn+ only half supply1 or 9 ,octob] :5 ! bas9s are dis*>g+ back into ! ,nile4 ,e>ly & quick ris+ floods h a diff]5t s]ies ( levels f sl[ & late floods2 :ile aga9 ! rec5t works c>ri$ out 9 ,upp] ,egypt by ,col4 ,ross h s increas$ ! dis*>g+ capacity ( ! canals t ! flood gauges h be5 appreciably affect$4 ,all ?is po9ts to ! conclusion t ! mean high flood is no satisfactory /&>d4 ,! mean l[ flood on ! o!r h& is mu* less liable to *ange & is v fairly con/ant f ye> to ye>4 ,high floods are c]ta9ly foll[$ by sc\r+ out ( ! b$1 & l[ floods by a silt+ up ( ! *annel1 b ! *anges are v mod]ate comp>$ to ^? 9 high flood4 ,i h *os5 ! mean l[ wat] level z ! l9e ( ref]5ce1 & ref]r$ all gauges to x4 ,f ! mean ( tw5ty ye>s' obs]vations1 ?is level at ,assun is ,r4 ,l4 #he metres4 ,by obs]vations along ! ,nile g5]ally1 & by calculations at ,cairo1 ,i h fix$ x at all important places nor? ( ,assun4 ,table #df ( ,app5dix ,k gives ! ,r$uc$ ,levels at diff]5t places1 :ile x is also drawn on ! longitud9al section ( ! ,nile 9 ,plate ,,xii4 ,x 0 on ?is sy/em t ! anci5t ,egyptian eng9e]s work$ ! ,nile4 ,!y h[ev] *ose ! mean high wat] level dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! flood z _! /&>d ( ref]5ce & consequ5tly made ! s call$ cubits 9 ! flood rea*es ( ! ,cairo gauge half cubits4 ,?is means a dis*>ge ( #afjj cubic metres p] second & fairly repres5ts ! dis*>ges ( ! bas9 canals 9 flood4 ,:5 x is consid]$ t ! level ( ! ,nile valley is rais$ by ab\t #aj c5timetres p] #ajj ye>s x w be se5 t ! old ,cairo gauge1 :i* 0 a liv+ record #aejj ye>s ago1 is to-day a mean+less ana*ronism4 ,x has also to be comp>$ ) ! ,assun gauge :i* 0 erect$ 9 ,ismail ,pa%a's "t ) an arbitr>y z]o "s #ij c5timetres bel[ mean l[ wat] level1 & :i* may be read+ #ag cubits :ile ,cairo may be record+ #be cubits4 ,! ,cairo gauges 9 w9t] & summ] are no records ( dis*>ge z ! afflux f ! ,b>rage affects !m4 ,to f9d ! dis*>ge at ,cairo dur+ ^! mon?s1 ,i h add$ ^? ( ! ,rosetta & ,damietta bran*es & ! ,delta canals up/ream ( ! ,b>rage4 ,:5 ! ,nile falls bel[ mean l[ wat] level1 ! gauges are record$ z m9us quantities4 ,dis*>ge sites hav+ be5 *os5 = ! ,assun1 ,assi\t & ,cairo gauges on ! ,nile1 a cont9u\s s]ies ( surface velocity obs]vations1 cross sections & slope measurem5ts 7 made dur+ #ahib & #ahic & ! result+ dis*>ges record$4 ,curves ( dis*>ge h be5 drawn & ref]r$ to ! gauges ( tw5ty ye>s & modifi$ until f9ally a curve has be5 f\nd :i* w suit any ye> :e!r x is a maximum or a m9imum4 ,9 connection ) ?is subject1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! ,nile b$ is rais$ by silt dur+ l[ floods & sc\r$ out dur+ high floods & t consequ5tly ,augu/ & ,septemb] dis*>ges v>y consid]ably at times f ,octob] & ,novemb] dis*>ges = ! same gauge4 ,9 addition to ?is1 x mu/ also be borne 9 m9d t ! slope ( wat] surface & t consequ5tly ! dis*>ge ( a flood dur+ ! rise is f> great] ?an dur+ ! fall = ! same gauge read+4 ,inde$ ! ,nile (t5 dis*>ges m :5 x is #cj c5timetres bel[ its maximum & ris+ fa/ ?an :5 x has rea*$ its maximum & begun to fall4 ,x is ow+ to ?is fact t we (t5 see ! discrepancy ( ! ,assun gauge rea*+ its maximum a day be=e ,halfa :i* is #cej kilometres high] up ! riv]4 ,! dis*>ge dep5ds on gauge & slope1 & ! gauge only records "o elem5t4 ,keep+ ^! facts 9 my m9d1 ,i saw t x 0 ( no use record+ ! gauges to two places ( decimals & cov]+ pap] ) useless figures1 & consequ5tly ,i h *os5 ! high] unit = a ris+ gauge & ! l[] = a fall+ gauge :5 ,i h be5 deal+ ) dis*>ges4 ,flood dis*>ges h be5 tak5 ( all ! canals 9 ,upp] ,egypt ?r\gh #ahib & #ahic & h be5 record$ 9 ,tables #dh & #di ( ,app5dix ,k4 ,f ^! tables1 ,table #dg has be5 compil$ :i* gives r\gh approximate dis*>ges ( ! canals correspond+ to ! ,assun gauges 9 ! fir/ half ( ! flood4 ,to obta9 in=mation ab\t ! tr\gh ( ! ,nile1 ! area expos$ to evaporation & ! area ( absorption1 a longitud9al section ( ! ,nile f ,assun to ,cairo has be5 levell$1 & cross sections tak5 at e #c kilometres4 ,! kilometrage on ,plate ,,xii c\nts f ! ,assun gauge & is measur$ d[n ! c5tre ( dis*>ge ( ! flood1 s9ce x is ) flood dis*>ges t we are pr9cipally deal+4 ,z ! ,nile w9ds ab\t consid]ably & is (t5 brok5 into num]\s *annels1 ! areas ( ! cross sections v>y v appreciably accord+ z !y are tak5 at "r angles to ! c5tre l9e ( dis*>ge or ( ! deep *annel ( ! riv]4 ,! =m] gives ! m reliable results4 ,i h tak5 #h millimetres p] day z ! evaporation dur+ flood 9 ,upp] ,egypt4 ,! absorption has be5 calculat$ f ! wat] consumption dur+ ! floods ( #ahib & #ahic1 & f\nd to be ab\t #cjj cubic metres p] second betwe5 ,assun & ,assi\t1 :]e !re is practically no p]5nial irrigation4 ,betwe5 ,assi\t & ,cairo1 :]e !re is a consid]able l5g? ( p]5nial irrigation on "o bank & lime/one rock on ! o!r1 ! absorption is ab\t #ajj cubic metres p] second4 ,:5 p]5nial irrigation has once e/abli%$ itself 9 ,upp] ,egypt1 we may assume t ! absorption dur+ flood w be halv$ 9 quantity = ! reasons giv5 above1 & become #aej cubic metres p] second betwe5 ,assun & ,assi\t1 & #ej cubic metres p] second betwe5 ,assi\t & ,cairo4 ,! am\nt ( wat] exp5d$ 9 irrigation w be ab\t #gjj cubic metres p] second4 ,! evaporation dur+ flood w be approximately #abj cubic metres p] second4 ,! quantity ( wat] ne$$ to fill ! tr\gh ( ! ,nile w dep5d on ! gauges & may be calculat$ f table #dc ( ,app5dix ,k4 ,! la/ item w be ! only v>iable "o & ! o!rs may be approximately tabulat$ z foll[s3-- ,exp5diture ( wat] 9 flood 9 cubic metres p] second3 ,,betwe5 ,,assu,n ,,betwe5 ,,assi\t ,,total ,,& ,,assi\t4 ,,& ,,cairo4 ,p]5nial irrigation #cej #cej #gjj ,evaporation #fe #ee #abj ,absorption #aej #ej #bjj --- --- ---- ,total ( above #efe #dee #ajbj ,tak+ ^! quantities & calculat+ directly = ! fill+ ( ! tr\gh f ! gauges !mselves1 ,i h collect$ 9 ,tables #ej to #eb1 ! ,cairo gauges correspond+ to ! ,assun gauges = ! high ye>s #ahgd & #ahgh & ! m9imum ye> #ahgg4 ,z f> z ! m important results are conc]n$1 ,i tabulate !m "h3-- ,gauges at ,assun & ,cairo4 ,date4 #ahgd #ahgh ---------------------------------------- -- ,assuan4 ,cairo ,cairo ,assuan4 ,cairo ,cairo ) ) ) ) bas9 p]5- bas9 p]5- irri- nial irri- nial gation4 irri- gation4 irri- gation4 gation4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,augu/ #e #fi 44 44 #ef 44 44 #aj #gd #fe #eh #ec #di #dd #ae #he #fi #fd #gb #ed #eb #bj #hf #gc #gh #ge #fj #fc #be #hg #ge #gi #ha #fc #fe #ca #hg #gf #ha #gf #ff #gb ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,septemb] #e #ij #gg #hb #ha #fe #ge #aj #hh #hj #hc #he #fh #ge #ae #hg #hb #hd #hi #gb #hj #bj #hd #hc #he #hi #gf #he #be #hd #hd #hb #ij #gi #he #cj #hb #hd #hb #ia #hb #he ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,octob] #e #gi #hg #gi #hi #hd #hf #aj #gf #he #gf #he #hg #hf #ae #gb #hc #gd #gi #hd #hd #bj #ff #hj #gj #gf #ha #hj #be #fb #gg #fc #gd #gi #gd #ca #ef #gj #ei #fh #gg #gb ,date4 #ahib #ahgg ---------------------------------------- -- ,assuan4 ,cairo ,cairo ,assuan4 ,cairo ,cairo ) ) ) ) bas9 p]5- bas9 p]5- irri- nial irri- nial gation4 irri- gation4 irri- gation4 gation4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,augu/ #e #fc 44 44 #di 44 44 #aj #fh #ec #ea #ed #dj #ci #ae #fg #eh #eh #eh #dg #df #bj #gd #ed #fb #fd #df #ej #be #hc #eh #fe #fa #ec #ee #ca #hc #ff #gg #fb #ec #ef ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,septemb] #e #hf #fi #gg #fc #eb #eb #aj #hh #ga #hj #fa #ec #ec #ae #hh #ge #hc #fj #eb #ee #bj #hi #gi #hc #fj #eb #ed #be #hf #ha #hd #fc #ea #ed #cj #hd #hc #hd #fa #ec #ef ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,octob] #e #hb #hd #hc #ef #eb #ed #aj #gh #hc #ha #eb #ej #ej #ae #gd #ha #gg #di #di #df #bj #gb #gi #gb #df #df #dd #be #fh #gi #gj #de #dd #dj #ca #fc #gh #ff #dj #db #ci ,to enable "o to comp>e ^! figures :i* are 9 metres & ref]r$ to mean l[ wat] level1 ) ! gauges z record$ at pres5t1 ,i add ! foll[+ table3-- ,,assuan ,,cairo ---------------------------------------- -------- ,real ,gauge ,real ,gauge gauge z record$ gauge z record$ 9 metres4 9 cubits 9 metres4 9 cubits & #bd?s4 & #bd?s4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,cubits4 #bd?s4 ,cubits4 #bd?s4 #j4j #a #ac #j4j #f #i 4#e #b #ab 4#e #g #g #a4j #c #aj #a4j #h #e 4#e #d #h 4#e #i #d #b4j #e #f #b4j #aj #b 4#e #f #d 4#e #aa #j #c4j #g #c #c4j #ab #j 4#e #h #a 4#e #ac #j #d4j #h #bc #d4j #ac #bc 4#e #i #ba 4#e #ad #ba #e4j #aj #bj #e4j #ae #ai 4#e #aa #ah 4#e #ag #ab #f4j #ab #af #f4j #ai #h 4#e #ac #ad 4#e #ba #d #g4j #ad #ab #g4j #bb #ab 4#e #ae #aa 4#e #bc #aj #h4j #af #i #h4j #bd #i 4#e #ag #g 4#e #e #g #i4j #ah #e #i4j #bf #e ---------------------------------------- ----- #af cubits at ,assun corresponds to #g4h metres4 #ag #h4c #ah #h4i ,a cubit is kn[n 9 ,egypt z a pic4 ---------------------------------------- --------- #af cubits at ,cairo corresponds to #e4a metres4 #bb #f4g #bc #g4c #bd #g4h #be #h4c #be #h4f ,! flood ( #ahgd 0 an e>ly "o & ! bas9s 7 dis*>g$ on a fall+ ,nile1 /ill !y rais$ ! ,cairo gauge to #hg metres on ! #e? ,octob] :ile x w\ld h ris5 to #he on ! #ae? ,septemb] ) p]5nial irrigation4 ,! flood ( #ahgh 0 an exce$+ly late "o & ! bas9s _h to be dis*>g$ :ile ! riv] 0 /ill v high4 ,by ! #aj? ,octob]1 ! riv] _h ris5 to #hg metres at ,cairo :5 ! banks 7 brea*$ & all future rise /opp$4 ,) p]5nial irrigation1 ! maximum gauge ( #hf metres w\ld h be5 rea*$ on ! #aj? ,octob]4 ,! flood ( #ahib 0 at ,assun #aj c5timetres bel[ t ( #ahgd & #bj c5timetres bel[ t ( #ahgh1 & midway betwe5 !m 9 po9t ( "t4 ,x 0 also "u complete control ow+ to ! new regulat+ works on ! bas9s4 ,x rose to #hd metres at ,cairo on ! #e? ,octob] & fell exce$+ly sl[ly4 ,) p]5nial irrigation1 x w\ld h ris5 to #hd at ,cairo on ! #cj? ,septemb] & !n fall5 rapidly4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 we may say t ) p]5nial irrigation ! v high floods at ,cairo w be #ae days 9 advance ( :at !y are at pres5t1 t !y w n rise high]1 & t !y w fall #ae days e>li] ?an :at !y d n[4 ,) l[ floods !re w be no appreciable diff]5ce z to date1 b ! floods w be slightly high] at ,cairo4 ,9 ord9>y floods1 !re w be an advance ( f #bj to #be days 9 ! date ( ! maximum flood1 & a maximum gauge at ,cairo #ej or #fj c5timetres "u ! maximum gauge at ,assun4 ,we h s f> consid]$ ,cairo only1 z ! ,delta prop] dep5ds on ! ,cairo gauge4 ,we n[ turn to ! ,nile 9 ,upp] ,egypt itself3 s\? ( ,sohag1 !re w be no s]i\s *ange 9 levels1 b ! ,sohagia & ,ibrahimia canals betwe5 !m c>ry at pres5t #gej cubic metres p] second 9 excess ( :at !y w\ld c>ry if !re 7 p]5nial irrigation 9 ,egypt1 & ! great] "p ( ?is wat] is n return$ to ! ,nile until ! ,ku%e%a escape is rea*$4 ,! rea* ( ! ,nile f ,sohag to ,ku%e%a is ! "o :i* w exp]i5ce ! greate/ *anges1 & ,i calculate t !re w be a rise ( #dj c5timetres z comp>$ ) ! maximum gauges "u bas9 irrigation4 ,x w be not$ t at ! beg9n+ ( ?is p>agraph ,i /at$ t 8! p]fection ( ! p]5nial irrigation ( ! ,delta nor? ( ,cairo w 9 no way affect ! ,nile 9 flood40 ,?is _h ref]5ce only to ! quantity ( wat] tak5 f ! ,nile 9 high floods4 ,!re is h[ev] "o v s]i\s aspect ( ?is "q4 ,! regulation on ! ,b>rage 9 l[ floods1 :i* has gone on /eadily s9ce #ahii :5 ,sir ,hanbury ,br[n us$ ! ,b>rages 9 flood = ! fir/ "t1 has enorm\sly increas$ ! value ( ! works1 b x has c]ta9ly caus$ ! ,ma9 ,nile to silt1 & probably also ! bran*es1 ow+ to a r$uc$ dis*>ge & velocity ( ! silt-be>+ wat]1 ^: capacity to c>ry on t quantity ( silt dep5ds on its velocity4 ,x seems to me t unless /eps are tak5 to insure ! sc\r+ out ( ?is silt by ! cle> wat] ( ,novemb]1 ,decemb] & ,janu>y ! consequ5ces w be v s]i\s4 ,high floods sc\r out _! b$s1 b if a v high flood 7 to come e>ly be=e ! silt _h be5 sc\r$ out1 x might ov]fl[ ! banks ne> ,cairo or 9 ! middle rea*es ( ! ,nile bran*es 9 ! ,delta4 ,sir ,william ,g>/9 has e/imat$ ! co/ ( conv]t+ ! exi/+ bas9s ( ,upp] ,egypt into p]5nially irrigat$ l& at #g1jjj1jjj1 ?us made up3-- ,conv]sion ( ,upp] ,egypt bas9s #e1jjj1jjj ,two b>rages betwe5 ,assyut & ,k5a #b1jjj1jjj ----------- ,total #g1jjj1jjj ,! result+ l& tax f ! improv$ irrigation 9 ,upp] or ,l[] ,egypt he has e/imat$ z foll[s3-- ,upp] ,egypt4 ,bas9 l& conv]t$ #gej1jjj acres #ej #cge1jjj ,l& irrigat$ by pumps #ajj1jjj #cj #cj1jjj ,l[] ,egypt4 ,reclaim$ l& #hjj1jjj #a4jj #hjj1jjj --------- ,total #a1bje1jjj #ci4 ,developm5t ( ! ,sudan4--,"l ,crom]'s wise decision to con/ruct ! ,suak9-,kh>t\m railway imm$iately & ! ,abu ,ham$-,dongola railway z soon z possible1 is ! *>t] ( ! developm5t ( ! ,sudan4 ,) ^! railways & especially ! =m] 9 work+ ord]1 we c arrange = irrigation works = ! production ( cotton & :eat = export1 kn[+ t !y c be export$ at a co/ ( transport :i* w n be absolutely prohibitive4 ,! soil ( ! ,sudan along ! ,blue ,nile1 ! ,atb>a1 ! ,ma9 ,nile & a great "p ( ! ,:ite ,nile is ! same z t ( ,egypt itself4 ,x has all come f ,abyss9ia4 ,:5 at ,kh>t\m la/ ,febru>y1 ,i collect$ specim5s ( typical ,gezireh soil f po9ts #aj miles s\? ( ,kh>t\m & f ne> ,kh>t\m itself4 ,!y 7 analys$ by ,mr4 ,frank ,hughes & report$ on by ,mr4 ,foad54 ,! specim5s 7 numb]$ z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,typical ,gezireh soil f a po9t #aj miles s\? ( ,kh>t\m ne> ! ,blue ,nile4 7#b7 ,typical ,gezireh soil f a po9t #b miles s\? ( ,kh>t\m ne> ! ,:ite ,nile4 7#c7 ,:ite ,nile side "u cultivation 9 #aijd4 7#d7 ,:ite ,nile side bel[ flood level4 7#e7 ,blue ,nile side1 n s common z 7#a74 7#f7 ,! s&y soil g5]ally )9 #e miles ( ,kh>t\m4 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #e1 & #f are above high flood level ( bo? ,niles4 8,! nitrog5 & salt 7 det]m9$ 9 ! samples1 z receiv$1 )\t dry+4 ,nos4 #a #b #c #d #e #f ,nitrog5 #jjgh #jjei #jjfb #jjeg #jjef #jjeb ,common salt #jjej #jjbj #jjaj #jjij #jagj #jjbj 8,all conta9 abundance ( c>bonate ( lime2 ,nos4 #a & #b might almo/ be call$ calc>e\s4 ,all gave a /rong reaction = phosphoric acid1 & !re is !re=e e reason to believe t !y are ri* 9 ?is +r$i5t4 ,s f> z ! texture ( ! soils is conc]n$1 little c be said except t !y diff] f ^? previ\sly exam9$ = ,k5a ,mudirieh1 9 conta9+ a l>ge am\nt ( co>se s& #a-c m4m41 :i* is entirely abs5t 9 mo/ ,egyptian soils2 ,no4 #f w\ld probably be too light = agricultural purposes 9 its pres5t condition4 8,! nitrog5 is z high z "o w\ld expect b is l[] ?an is necess>y = f]tile soils4 ,x w\ld be necess>y !re=e to enc\rage ! gr[? ( legum9\s crops to increase ! quantity ( nitrog5 9 ! soil & to employ nitrog5\s manures4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t 9 soils ( ?is class ! nitrog5 is usually 9 a highly insoluble & un-nitrifiable =m4 8,! salt is 9 no case high2 #j4be is usually consid]$ to be ! limit = satisfactory gr[?2 all ! samples are well bel[ ?is limit40 ,i _h complete analyses made ( numb]s 7#a7 & 7#b74 ,! results 7 z foll[s3 ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,silica etc4 insol 9 m9]al acid #gd4gf #gc4he ,lime 7,ca4,o47 #f4jg #d4ef ,c>bonic ,acid 7,c4,o47 #c4fd #b4dj ,equal to ,*alk 7,ca4,c4,o47 #h4bg #e4df ,pota% #j4bc #j4cd ,phosphoric ,acid #j4ad #j4ab ,organic ,matt] #b4hh #d4jg ,nitrog5 #j4jge #j4jfb ,calculat$ on soil dri$ at #ajj4 ,?\gh none ( ^! specim5s conta9$ salt 9 excess1 ,nile deposit 9 c]ta9 localities has v l>ge proportions ( common salt & sulphate ( soda4 ,! d>k soil ne> ! ,atb>a m\? at ,el-,dam] is l>gely exploit$ = common salt1 :ile simil> soil s\? ( ,kh>t\m is free f x4 ,! ext5t ( ?is ,nile deposit soil is v great inde$ & if irrigation c\ld be assur$1 !re w\ld be a great future be=e ! ,sudan4 ,9 ,mr4 ,dupuis's ,report :i* is ! la/ app5dix to ,sir ,william ,g>/9's ,report1 he speaks ( ?is soil z be+ met ) on ! ,blue ,nile1 on ! ,rahad1 on ! ,atb>a & on ! ,gaa%4 ,f ,kh>t\m nor?w>ds ! ma9 ,nile fl[s betwe5 b]ms ( ?is soil4 ,! ext5t & quality ( ?is soil may !re=e be consid]$ z an undisput$ asset ( ! ,sudan4 ,we h next to consid] ! seasons4 ,a ref]5ce to tables #gf1 #gg1 & #hj w %[ h[ mu* w>m] ! ,sudan is ?an ,egypt1 & any attempt to introduce ,egyptian me?ods into ! ,sudan )\t modifications w n at once turn ! ,sudan into ,egypt4 ,i all[ t ext5sive pla9s ( irrigat$ l& greatly mod]ate ! heat z !y h already done 9 ,middle ,egypt2 b we h to beg9 f ! beg9n+ 9 ! ,sudan1 & !re are no ext5sive pla9s ( irrigat$ l&4 ,bas9 irrigation w be a failure 9 ! ,sudan unless x is supplem5t$ by two or ?ree wat]+s 9 ! w9t]1 = all crops except ! *eape/ & co>se/ legum9\s crops4 ,:eat mu/ be irrigat$ 9 w9t] :e!r s[n 9 a bas9 or on ! ,nile b]m1 except 9 a few *oice1 l[ & damp localities4 ,cotton1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* has to be s[n 9 spr+ 9 ,egypt & reap$ 9 autumn w ne$ su* an extraord9>y quantity ( wat] to pull x ?r\gh ! summ] t x w be f\nd pref]able to gr[ x 9 ,june ) ! ris+ flood & reap x at ! end ( ! w9t]4 ,irrigation !re=e f ,june to ,octob] = ,indian corn1 f ,june to ,febru>y = cotton1 & f ,novemb] to ,febru>y = :eat w be ess5tials ( a good h>ve/ 9 ! ,sudan4 ,we n[ come to ! "q ( ! wat] supply4 ,unless p]mits are giv5 = pumps to "w f ! #ae? ,june to ! #ae ,febru>y1 ! cultivation ( cotton & :eat on any scale 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,gezireh1 along ! ma9 ,nile betwe5 ,kh>t\m & ,dongola1 & on ! l[] rea*es ( ! ,atb>a w be out ( ! "q4 ,maize & millets & "s ( ! co>s] legum9\s plants might be develop$ by pumps ) p]mits to "w f #ae? ,june to #ae? ,octob]1 b x w\ld pay no "o to put up pumps on ^! t]ms4 ,=tunately = ! jo9t int]e/s ( ,egypt & ! ,sudan1 ?\gh ,egypt _c sp>e wat] betwe5 ! #ae? ,m>* & #cj? ,june1 :i* w\ld correspond to #a/ ,m>* & #ae? ,june 9 ! ,sudan2 %e has en\gh to sp>e = pumps at o!r times1 ?\gh %e has n always en\gh to sp>e = l>ge free fl[ s*emes 9 ! ,sudan4 ,free fl[ s*emes 9 ! ,sudan1 except dur+ high & good floods1 h h[ev] yet to be f\nd4 ,speak+ g5]ally we may say t ! agricultural success ( ! ,sudan w dep5d on p]mits = pump+ eng9es to "w betwe5 ! #a/ ,june & ! end ( ,febru>y4 ,!re %\ld be no difficulty 9 ! way ( su* p]mits be+ giv54 ,we h spok5 s f> ( s*emes )9 ! p[] ( individuals & companies4 ,( s*emes :i* ! ,gov]nm5t alone c\ld c>ry out by itself or 9 conjunction ) p[]ful companies1 ! mo/ promis+ seem to be ^? :i* are connect$ ) ! #f? cat>act4 ,?is cat>act seems well suit$ = ! con/ruction ( a solid dam to create p[] & develop electricity to "w pumps betwe5 x & ,kh>t\m1 & "s #cj kilometres up ! ,blue ,nile2 & if possible to all[ ( a canal d[n ! left bank ( ! ,nile z f> z ,b]b]4 ,?is project might be /udi$ ) advantage & a great] am\nt ( wat] /orage = summ] use be also obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xx ,,sket* ,,plan ,,( ,,c\ntry ,,ab\t ,,delgi ,n4,w4 ,,( ,l4 ,,tsana ,scale #a 3 #ej4jjj ,li?4 ,sur4 ,dep4 ,cairo4 ,ano!r s*eme is ! con/ruction ( a d\ble b>rage & weir ne> ,wad ,m$ani on ! ,blue ,nile1 ) canals irrigat+ ! ,gezireh & ! "r bank ( ! ,blue ,nile & ! ,nile to ,%abluka4 ,un=tunately no cross sections h be5 tak5 ( ! ,blue ,nile %[+ h[ high ! ,gezireh is above ! b$ & wat] surface ( ! ,blue ,nile at ,wad ,m$ani4 ,a weir fur!r s\? w\ld1 z ,mr4 ,dupuis /ates1 entail v exp5sive canals to irrigate ! l&s s\? ( ,kh>t\m4 ,mr4 ,dupuis's report on ! ,atb>a is n v hopeful4 ,)\t res]voirs ?is torr5tial riv] c\ld insure no crop except millets & ,indian corn4 ,! same may be said = ! ,gaa%4 ,bas9s )\t w9t] irrigation w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be mo/ unsatisfactory4 ,exam9+ ,mr4 ,dupuis's figures & sections = ! outlet ( lake ,tsana1 ,i calculate t ?is res]voir w\ld n supply a fraction ( ! wat] e/imat$ by ,mr4 ,dupuis4 ,if ,i 7 wrong1 & ,i %\ld be pleas$ inde$ to be wrong "h1 a tunnel along ! alignm5t r\ghly survey$ by ,mr4 ,dupuis1 ,plate ,,xx1 lead+ ! wat]s ( ,lake ,tsana into ! ,rahad riv]1 & f !re "u ! ,blue ,nile by a syphon1 & bran* canals irrigat+ bo? banks ( ! ,rahad & bo? banks ( ! ,blue ,nile to ,kh>t\m1 w\ld be "o ( ! bolde/ projects 9 ! _w4 ,x w be not$ t no m5tion has be5 made ( ! tracts betwe5 ! foo?ills ( ,abyss9ia & ,wad-el-,m$ani :i* c produce good crops ( ,indian corn1 millets & ev5 cotton 9 n9e ye>s out ( t5 ) ! aid ( ra9 )\t irrigation4 ,if ! l& c\ld l5d itself to bas9s simil> to ^? ( ,bundelkund or to riv] f$ pans z 9 ,madras1 a developm5t ( ?is c\ntry w\ld be possible4 ,ord9>y ,egyptian bas9 irrigation w\ld be1 ,i ?9k1 ( no use4 ,! foll[+ quotations f a lett] writt5 by ,messrs4 ,*oremi1 ,b5a*i & ,co41 ( ,alex&ria1 to ,mr4 ,foad5 on ! #h? ,febru>y #aijd1 w give an idea ( ! e/imation 9 :i* ,sudan gr[n cotton is held 9 ,alex&ria3-- 8,! cotton g5]ally is good & sup]ior to any ,sudan cotton ,i h yet se54 ,la/ ye> ! be/ ,i saw 0 s5t by ! ,sudan ,gov]nm5t & gr[n 9 ,miralai ,/anton ,bey's g>d51 ) artificial irrigation & quality 0 7fir/ pick+7 class 8good01 equal to ,b5i-,suef or ,m9ieh cotton1 b m woolly4 ,9 any case x is saleable cotton = co>se ,nos4 ( ,y>n1 n :at we call ,bolton ,sp9n]s' cotton4 8,i n[ give y ! foll[+ classification & values comp>$ to ,/&>d ( ,full ,good ,fair ,l[] ,egypt :i* is ! basis ( 8,futures0 9 our ,m>ket & ,liv]pool4 8,on ,upp] ,egypt ! outturn 9 g9n+ on basis #cae lbs4 p] cwt4 9 se$ runs f #ajj to #ajd1 & ,l[] ,egypt #aje-aaj accord+ to prov9ce gr[n & quality ( se$4 ,no4 #a ,outturn #if ,class 8good01 value ,p4,t4 #e ov] ,delta fully good fair--col\r r light--good /aple1 bett] ?an ,b5i-,suef ,a%m\ni or ev5 ,afifi4 ,no4 #b #ih ,long /aple & f9i% does n look gr[n f afifi se$ b f sup]ior quality1 value ab\t ,p4,t4 #ae ov] ,f4,g4,f4 ,no4 #c #ii ,class 8good01 ! se$ ( ?is is f ,delta because mix$--!re is also "s ,abassi 9 & does n look z f afifi se$ because f9] ?an any afifi gr[n 9 ,m9ieh & ,b5i-,suef1 value #e to #aj ov] ,f4,g4,f4 ,no4 #d #ajb 8,good0 9 class1 f mix$ se$--"s looks afifi1 o!r bett]1 probably ,yannovi* se$4 ,!re are traces ( abassi--& is irregul> 9 /r5g?1 value ,p4,t4 #ae to #bj ov] ,f4,g4,f4 ,no4 #e #ajj ,also f mix$ se$--,i c trace afifi quality & ,yannovi*1 also "s abassi4 ,value ov] ,f4,g4,f4 ab\t #g to #aj ,p4,t4 ,no4 #f #ajc ,ab\t same z ,no4 #e & ) same mixture4 8,f ! above report y w see t quality g5]ally is good--b ,i regret ! se$ got mix$--probably ?r\gh mi/akes 9 transport or if 9 s+le bags "s broke & se$ became mix$4 8,! outturn 9 g9n+ ,i consid] good & ! se$ ,i notice det]iorates b v little z y c see--?\gh ) t ( ,/anton ,bey's ,i exam9$ ) y la/ ye>1 ! det]ioration 01 if ,i rememb] "r1 some?+ l #aj 9 "o ye>4 ,! se$ f ! non irrigat$ ,sudan 7,i suppose ne> ,kh>t\m7 ?\gh f good ,afifi se$1 almo/ becomes unfit = s[+ & ! quality ( ?is cotton _h a v poor outturn ( ab\t #gc4 8,ra9 crops _c be dep5d$ on1 because if no ra9 = "s "t ! quality w be totally spoilt4 8,i fail to f9d any trace ( s& 9 ! samples--?\gh ! common ,sudan non-irrigat$ cotton 0 v dirty & s&y40 ,! foll[+ extracts f a lett] writt5 to me by ,ibrahim ,eff5di ,fahmy1 orig9ally a /ud5t ( ! ,cairo ,agricultural ,college & at ! "t ( writ+ ,gov]nm5t agriculturi/ at ,kh>t\m & on leave 9 ,cairo1 w be f\nd int]e/+4 8,!re are ?ree seasons 9 ! ,sudan1 :i* are diff]5t f ^? 9 ,egypt4 ,! seasons are3--#a/ ! w9t] :i* ext5ds f ! #a/ ,novemb] to ! end ( ,febru>y1 9 ?is season :eat1 beans1 b>ley1 onions1 ,indian corn & millets are plant$3 #bnd1 ! summ] :i* ext5ds f #a/ ,m>* to ! #ae? ,june1 9 ?is season1 practically speak+1 no?+ is plant$ except a small quantity ( millets1 & 9 ! middle ( ! season f ! #a/ ,may to ! #ae? ,june all agricultural "w is /opp$ ow+ to ! great heat & defici5cy ( wat]3 & #crd1 ! flood season or 8,dem]a0 f ! #ae ,june to ! end ( ,octob]2 9 ?is season ! ra9s fall1 ! ,nile rises & ! heat is decreas$1 two crops ( millets c be tak5 & cotton1 sesame & e>?nuts are s[n4 8,manures are ! same z 9 ,egypt4 8,cotton s[n 9 ,m>*1 ,april & ,may ne$s s mu* wat] ?r\gh ! summ] t its co/ is prohibitive4 ,9 ! really hot wea!r x mu/ be irrigat$ e ?ree days4 ,high w9ds & ra9 hurt ! fir/ op5 pods1 & ! pick+s are on ! #bj? ,augu/1 #bj? ,septemb] & #ae? ,octob]4 ,aft] #bb wat]+s a good field w give #d cwt4 p] acre4 8,cotton s[n 9 ,june & ,july has an ev51 regul> gr[?4 ,! ra9s & moi/ure 9 ! air enc\rage ! gr[? ( ! plant4 ,! height ( ! flood p]mits ( easy irrigation ev5 :5 x is lift4 ,! plants gr[ to a great size b h _m bolls4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ ! gr[? ( ! plants4 ,date ( plant+4,no ( wat]+s,fir/ pick+4,la/ pick+4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #be ,june #af #a/ ,janu>y ,m>* #ae #c ,july #af #ae? ,janu>y ,m>* #ca #cj ,july #ae #ae? ,febru>y ,april #ae 8,! yield ( a good field is #e cwt4 p] acre4 ,! fibre is bett] ?an t ( ! cotton s[n 9 ,m>* & ,april4 8,i consid] t ,june & ,july are ! be/ mon?s = s[+1 & t cotton s[n f well-select$ se$ & well cultivat$ w prove itself a cotton ( sup]ior quality1 rank+ ) ,egyptian cottons4 8,! foll[+ table gives ! k9ds ( crops1 o!r ?an cotton :i* c be pr(itably gr[n 9 ! ,sudan3-- ,crop ,"t ( ,"t ( ,no ( ,produce s[+4 rip5+4 wat]+s ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,egyptian :eat ,nov4 ,dec4 ,april #c #e ardebs ,indian :eat ,decemb] #c #e ,egyptian b>ley ,m>* #ca #b #aa ,au/ralian b>ley #b #e ,beans #c #e ,l5tils #c #c ,e>?nuts ,july ,janu>y #i #i ,indian corn ,septemb] #d #f ,am]ican maize ,octob] #g #d ,potatoes ,novemb] ,m>* #c #aej kant>s ,luc]ne ,m>* ,m>* ye> #ab #ahjj 9 #ab cutt+s ( #aej kant>s ea*4 8,fodd] crops su* z birseem & vet*es 7gilban7 :5 well wat]$ are satisfactory4 8,if ! l& is n well till$1 manur$ & look$ aft]1 :eat w require #f wat]+s & b>ley #d wat]+s4 8,if wat] c be obta9$ 9 ! ,sudan1 ! agricultural problem is v easy40 ,i _c d bett] ?an close ?is *apt] ) ?is ?or\ghly ,egyptian rem>k ( ,ibrahim ,eff5di ,fehmy4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,oases & ! ,geology ( ! ,nile valley1 by ,mr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,l4 ,beadnell1 ,f4 ,g4 ,s41 ,f4 ,r4 ,g4 ,s4 #dj4 ,! ,oases4--,! *ief oases#f ( ! ,libyan des]t--,dakhla1 ,kh>ga1 ,bah>ia & ,f>afra1--occupy ext5sive depressions cut d[n ?r\gh ! horizontal ,eoc5e /rata#g to ! und]ly+ saddle ( ,cretace\s rocks2 "s ( ! m por\s b$s ( ! latt] are wat]-be>+ & f !m1 ei!r ?r\gh natural passages or ?r\gh artificial bor+s1 ! wat] rises to ! surface1 (t5 "u consid]able pressure4 ,! floor level v>ies consid]ably b ! cultivat$ l&s 9 g5]al lie betwe5 #gj & #aae metres above sea level4 #f ,see ,geological ,survey reports1 ,p4,w4,m41 ,cairo4 #g ,) ! exception t ,dakhla is almo/ entirely cut out 9 ,cretace\s /rata4 #da4 ,dakhla oasis4--,?is1 by f> ! mo/ important & prosp]\s ( ! ,egyptian oases1 lies ?ree days' m>* we/ ( ,kh>ga1 or ab\t #cjj kilometres due we/ ( ,armant 9 ! ,nile valley4 ,! site is a depression ly+ at ! foot ( ! great ea/ & we/ ,cretace\s esc>pm5t1 b\nd$ to ! s\? by ! undulat+ des]t ( ,nubian s&/one1 :i* /ret*es un*ang$ almo/ to ! he>t ( ! cont95t4 ,! inhabitants ( ,dakhla1 numb]+ ov] #ag1jjj1 are di/ribut$ among #ab villages & =m a practically self-support+ community4 ,! cultivable l& )9 ! oasis 7#djj squ>e kilometres7 am\nts to ne>ly #ej1jjj acres1 ( :i* "o half is "u cultivation2 9 addition sev]al ext5sive areas ( alluvium cov]$ gr\nd exi/ outside ! oasis prop]1 notably on ! ,gabb>i road betwe5 ,dakhla & ,kh>ga4 ,ow+ to ! difficulty ( dra9age1 sal9es1 saltyl&1 m>%es & pools occupy "s #g1jjj acres4 ,!re are ne>ly #acj1jjj adult palm trees 9 ,dakhla1 a l>ge export trade 9 dates be+ c>ri$ on ) ! ,nile valley2 ! f9e/ crops ( :eat & b>ley are rais$1 :ile ! fruits ( ! oasis1 oranges1 apricots1 mulb]ries1 etc41 are abundant & ( excell5t quality4 ,taxes are levi$ z foll[s3--7#a7 ,mature date-palms are tax$ #a pia/res ea* p] annum2 7#b7 ,mod]n wells 7i4e4 biyr1 made ) ! exi/+ bor+ plant7 pay #ej pia/res p] annum p] qirat ( wat]2 7#c7 ,anci5t wells 7aiyn7 pay ! same1 except t 9 "s cases ^? us$ = irrigat+ palmgroves are exempt4 ,!re are #g trees & #a acres p] inhabitant1 & ! total tax paid by ! community is ab\t ,e4 #b1ejj4 ,! wat]-supply ( ! oasis is d]iv$ f an und]gr\nd b$ ( s&/one1 #ee metres ?ick1 und]ly+ a d5se imp]vi\s r$ clay #de metres 9 ?ickness2 ! upp] "p ( ! latt] is conspicu\s ?r\gh\t ! oasis1 und]ly+ ! alluvium & =m+ ! base ( ! surr\nd+ esc>pm5ts 9 _m localities4 ,bel[ ! wat]-be>+ s&/one lies a black clay1 nev] yet p5etrat$ by ! bor+ rods2 x is probable t o!r wat]-tables exi/ bel[ & su* w\ld be invaluable = ! irrigation ( ^? p>ts ( ! oasis :]e ! pres5t supply is unsatisfactory4 ,!re seem to be no natural spr+s extant at ! pres5t day1 ! :ole ( ! wat]-supply be+ ?r\gh boreholes1 bo? anci5t & mod]n4 ,! old wells1 kn[n z a91 aiyn1 appe> to be mo/ly ( e>ly ,egyptian & ,roman con/ruction1 & numb] ov] #djj2 exactly simil> wells h be5 sunk by bor+ plant dur+ ! la/ few decades & are call$ br1 biyr2 !re are ov] #afj ( ^!2 all are true artesian wells4 ,at ! pres5t day ! me?od 9 vogue is z foll[s3--a two metre squ>e timb]$ %aft is sunk by h& to ! base ( ! r$ clay & )9 ?is is built up a wat]tight wood5 pipe1 #ce cm4 9 diamet]1 made ( #8sunt' 7a species ( ?orny acacia71 ! surr\nd+ space be+ pack$ ) clay4 ,s9k+ is cont9u$ 9 ! s&/one ) ! bor+ ma*9e until a satisfactory fl[ ( wat] is obta9$4 ,_m ( ! old] wells 9 ! oasis h become *ok$ up1 & al?\gh "s h be5 successfully clean$ out by ! inhabitants1 b ! process is co/ly & labori\s & frequ5tly fails4 ,! "w is done by div]s1 a small b h>dy class only f\nd 9 ,dakhla & ,f>afra4 ,! output ( wells is det]m9$ 9 a some:at r\gh & ready mann] by measur+ ! dep? ( wat] pass+ ov] a weir fix$ 9 ! /ream4 ,x is reckon$ 9 qirats1 "o qirat be+ a wat]-section ( #fd squ>e c5timetres2 f "s te/ obs]vations 9 ,kh>ga ,dr4 ,ball d$uc$ ! av]age value ( a qirat1 z measur$ 9 t oasis1 z #bcj litres a m9ute4 ,! total wat]-output 9 ,dakhla 7#ajif qirats7 may ?us be tak5 z approximately repres5t+ a dis*>ge ( #acb million cubic metres p] annum1 & tak+ ! cultivat$ l&s z #be1ejj acres ! duty is #f1acj acres p] cubic metre p] second4 ,t ! wat]-supply c\ld be l>gely increas$1 & ! limits ( cultivation greatly ext5d$1 admit ( no d\bt1 b ) ! free h& accord$ ! natives dur+ ! la/ few decades a consid]able am\nt ( damage has be5 done ?r\gh\t ! oasis by ! injudici\s s9k+ ( wells4 ,promiscu\s bor+ is fatal1 & /rict & effici5t control ( all bor+ op]ations imp]ative4 ,consid]+ ! numb] ( wells ab&on$ ow+ to a slight fall 9 ! wat]-level hav+ caus$ !m to cease runn+ at ! surface1 ! importance ( lift+ appliances1 9 ! %ape ( %adfs1 saqias1 or w9dmills1 is evid5t1 b until a few ye>s ago ! oasis 0 de/itute ( su* appliances2 a numb] ( saqias h rec5tly be5 fix$ 9 ! village ( ,mu%a & h met ) success1 b x is n an easy matt] to p]suade ! inhabitants to h rec\rse to lift+ appliances ( any description4 ,"s ( ! ,dakhla wells are ( consid]able dep?2 ,bir-el-,d9>ia1 ! mo/ nor!rly 9 ! oasis1 is #add metres deep & its wat] em]ges ) a temp]ature ( #cie ,c4 ,! be/ wells yield #i or #aj qirats1 ?\gh be=e ! mod]n bor+ op]ations ! output ( "s 0 z mu* z #af4 ,! t]ms #8artesian' & #8!rmal' may fairly be appli$ to ! ,dakhla wells1 & x is notewor?y t ! temp]atures z a :ole increase f s\? to nor?4 ,! !rmal "* ( ! spr+s may be consid]$ to be due to ! great dep?s f :i* ! wat] is d]iv$1 ! actual temp]ature at ! po9t ( exit be+ dep5d5t on local conditions1 su* z ! dep? ( ! well & ! rate at :i* ! wat] f9ds its way to ! surface4 ,x is probable t ! wat]-be>+ table has its outcrop 9 ! ra9y regions ( ,d>fur1 al?\gh "s ( its wat] may be d]iv$ by direct infiltration f ! ,nile 9 its upp] rea*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,,! ,,egyptian ,,oases ,scale #a 3 #f4jjj4jjj #db4 ,kh>ga oasis4--,kh>ga1 ! ea/]nmo/ ( ! two s\!rn oases1 is a nor? & s\? ly+ depression1 mo/ly b\nd$ by /eep & l(ty esc>pm5ts b op5 to ! s\? & s\?-we/4 ,a great "p ( its floor1 :i* is compos$ ( ! ,nubian s&/one1 is buri$ "u s& accumulations4 ,!re are sev5 pr9cipal villages1 besides num]\s hamlets & small] settlem5ts1 ) a total population ( "u #h1jjj4 ,taxes are levi$ z 9 ,dakhla & am\nt to slightly ov] ,e4 #ajjj4 ,! adult palm trees 9 ! oasis numb] ab\t #fj1jjj & ! cultivat$ l&s h an area ( "s #d1ejj acres1 or half an acre & eight palm trees p] inhabitant4 ,! crops rais$ d n appe> to be suffici5t to support ! population1 z a c]ta9 am\nt ( gra9 is import$ f ,dakhla4 ,dates are export$ to ! ,nile valley1 ?\gh 9 less quantities ?an f ,dakhla & ,bah>ia4 ,! g5]al level ( ! floor ( ! oasis lies betwe5 #ej & #acj metres above sea level1 ?\gh ne> ,qasr ,zaiyan a limit$ area appe>s to lie bel[ sea level4 ,wat] is met ) 9 mo/ localities on digg+ to a mod]ate dep?1 b ! be/ supplies are f deep wells2 z 9 ,dakhla ! majority ( ! wells are ( consid]able antiquity1 ?\gh "s h be5 rec5tly made ) mod]n bor+ plant4 ,) an increas$ wat]-supply cultivation c\ld be v mu* ext5d$1 z !re are l>ge areas ( unoccupi$ alluvium cov]$ l& )9 ! oasis4 ,! same difficulties exi/ 9 ,kh>ga z 9 ! o!r oases1 ?\gh "h p]haps aggravat$ by ! encroa*m5ts & movem5ts ( bl[n s&1 namely1 ! lack ( control ( ! wells & wat]-supply & ! apa?y ( ! inhabitants g5]ally4 #dc4 ,bah>ia oasis1 ly+ #ahj kilometres we/ ( ,m9ia1 is a l>ge natural excavation #aej metres deep & entirely surr\nd$ by esc>pm5ts4 ,! cultivat$ l&s be> a v small proportion to ! total oasis-area2 _! g5]al level is #aaj-aae metres above sea level1 ris+ to #aee metres at ,a9-el-,haiss 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! depression4 ,!re are f\r *ief villages ) a population1 inclusive ( outly+ settlem5ts1 ( j ov] #f1jjj4 ,! /&>d ( public heal? 9 ?is oasis is l[1 ma9ly ow+ to febrile disord]s4 ,! total area ( cultivat$ l& is ab\t #b1ejj acres 7b>ely an acre p] inhabitant71 l>gely made up ( palmgroves2 rice1 :eat & b>ley are gr[n1 b ! area s[n ) c]eals has ( late ye>s be+ decreas+ 9 ext5t ow+ to a dim9i%$ output f ! spr+s4 ,bah>ia is p> excell5ce ! date-produc+ oasis ( ,egypt & v l>ge quantities are annually export$ to ! ,nile valley2 besides date-palms ! g>d5s conta9 numb]s ( olive1 apricot & o!r fruit trees4 ,taxation is on palm trees & l&4 ,! wat]-supply is d]iv$ f ! ,cretace\s s&/ones =m+ ! floor ( ! depression1 ! wat] ris+ naturally to ! surface ( ! l[e/ areas4 ,9 num]\s cases long adits h be5 driv5 into ! rock to obta9 an increas$ supply2 ^! tunnels communicate ) ! surface ( ! gr\nd by a s]ies ( air %afts2 !y mo/ly date f e>ly times4 ,no deep wells appe> to exi/ 9 ! oasis & c]ta9ly no bor+s h be5 made 9 mod]n times4 ,! fall ( ! wat]-level is probably due to ! gradual *ok+ ( ! passages2 an unsatisfactory & labori\s me?od ( clean+ out wells is 9 vogue b little tr\ble is tak5 to prev5t ! det]ioration ( ! wat]-supply g5]ally4 ,practically all ! available l& 9 ?is oasis is "u cultivation1 al?\gh ) ! r$uc$ output ( ! spr+s ! supply is b>ely suffici5t = effici5t irrigation4 #dd4 ,f>afra oasis occupies a l>ge semicircul> depression #cjj kilometres we/ ( ,assiut4 ,! floor is =m$ ( ! :ite *alk at ! top ( ! ,cretace\s1 b at ,a9-el-,wadi1 a spr+ 9 ! nor? "p ( ! depression at #bf metres above sea level1 ! und]ly+ b$s are locally expos$4 ,! solit>y village ( ,qasr ,f>afra is situat$ on ! we/]n side at #gf metres above sea level1 & conta9$ #edb inhabitants at ! la/ c5sus4 ,9 ! entire area !re are "s #bj spr+s1 mo/ly gr\p$ r\nd ! village1 ea* irrigat+ a small pat* ( cultivat$ gr\nd2 ! total area ( ! latt]1 includ+ ! few palmgroves1 probably does n am\nt to #ejj acres4 ,:eat1 b>ley1 durra1 rice1 onions & "s fruit are gr[n1 & small quantities ( dates & olives are export$2 =m]ly ! olives ( ,f>afra 7 celebrat$ = _! quality1 b ( late ye>s ! trees h det]iorat$4 ,! wat] rises z spr+s f ! :ite *alk & does n necessitate ! use ( lift+ appliances1 ?\gh ! output appe>s to be decreas+ ?r\gh natural causes4 ,!re are a few examples ( horizontal conduct+ *annels ( anci5t date & two or ?ree ( ! spr+s appe> to h deep v]tical %afts z 9 ! anci5t wells ( ,dakhla4 ,sweet & bracki% wat]-holes occur 9 sev]al outly+ localities )9 ! depression1 z well z 9 ! neighb\r+ little kn[n oasis ( ,iddaila to ! we/4 ,ow+ to ! abs5ce ( wa/e pools & m>%y l& ! climate ( ,f>afra is m heal?y ?an t ( ! o!r oases4 #de4 ,! ,geology ( ,egypt#h4 ,! nor?-ea/ corn] ( ,africa1 ly+ betwe5 ! ,r$ ,sea on ! ea/ & ! s& m]g$ portion ( ! ,libyan ,des]t on ! we/1 & /ret*+ f ! ,m$it]ranean to ! #bbnd p>allel ( nor? latitude1 bo? 9 its topographical & geological *>act]s is di/9ctly trip>tite1 z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,a rugg$ brok5 undulat+ s&/one des]t1 =m+ ! s\!rn "p ( ! c\ntry2 7#b7 ,elevat$ plateaux1 = ! mo/ "p ( lime/one1 /ret*+ f lat4 #be ,n4 7approximately7 to ! ,m$it]ranean2 7#c7 ,! m\nta9\s igne\s range ( ! ,r$ ,sea ,hills1 ) peaks ov] #ahjj metres 7#fjjj feet7 9 height4 #h ,9 writ+ ?is note at ! reque/ ( ,sir ,william ,willcocks ,i h made free use ( all s\rces1 ( in=mation1 b am *iefly indebt$ to ! publications ( ,s*we9fur? & ! late ,pr(essor ,zittel1 ,capt4 ,lyons1 & my pa/ & pres5t colleagues on ! ,geological ,survey ( ,egypt4 ,z a :ole "o ( ! mo/ wat]less & desolate areas 9 ! _w1 ! c\ntry is trav]s$ f s\? to nor? by a n>r[ highly cultivat$ & ?ickly populat$ /rip ( alluvial l&1 =m$ & wat]$ by ! ,nile4 ,9 ! s\!rn s&/one c\ntry ! riv] occupies only a %all[ valley1 b to ! nor? fl[s ov] ! floor ( a deep gorge cut d[n f ! surr\nd+ lime/one plateaux4 ,on ei!r side ( ! riv] are alluvial pla9s ( v>y+ ext5t1 compos$ ( ! f9e/ loam1 a f]tile soil = ! mo/ "p =m$ by ! dis9tegration ( ! volcanic rocks ( ! ,abyss9ian highl&s1 annually d5ud$ by ra9s & br\ght d[n by ! ,atb>a & ,blue ,nile floods & deposit$ 9 ! l[] c\rses ( ! riv]4 ,unlike mo/ c\ntries !re=e1 ! soil ( ,egypt has no connection ) ! und]ly+ rocks1 be+ entirely ( extrane\s orig9 & ow+ its exi/5ce absolutely to ! peculi> conditions ( ra9fall 9 ,abyss9ia & ! direction ( dra9age f ! wat]%$s ( t c\ntry4 #df4 ,igne\s rocks4 ,! mo/ anci5t rocks 9 ,egypt are f\nd 9 ! c5tral igne\s ranges ( ! ,r$ ,sea ,hills & 9 ! cry/all9e floor und]ly+ ! s&/ones 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ,nubia ! cry/all9e rocks consi/ l>gely ( granite & gneiss1 ) associat$ diorites & s*i/s1 trav]s$ by basaltic & felsitic dykes4 ,cat>acts h be5 =m$ at ^? po9ts :]e ! riv] crosses ! h>d igne\s belts1 :i* may be reg>d$ z ! summits ( ! high] ridges ( an old erod$ cont95tal l& surface4 ,9 ! ,r$ ,sea ,hills ! mo/ anci5t rocks are ! gneisses1 s*i/s1 & slates1 con/itut+ ! metamorphic s]ies ( ,jebel ,meeteq4 ,next 9 succession is a volcanic gr\p1 consi/+ ( dol]ite & %e>$ diabases 9 ! s\? & ( dol]ites1 &esites1 tuffs & agglom]ates 9 ! nor?4 ,^! volcanic rocks are und]laid & intrud$ by /ill y\ng] qu>tz-diorites & grey granites1 & l !m are pi]c$ by masses ( r$ granite & dykes ( qu>tz felsite & dol]ite4 ,! r$ granite is itself trav]s$ by dykes ( diabase1 :i* are ?us ! y\nge/ ( all1 except = ! /ill m rec5t &esitic intrusions into ! ,eoc5e lime/ones 7occasional occurr5ces ( :i* are met ) on ! plateaux on bo? sides ( ! ,nile valley71 & ! basaltic %eets :i* commonly m>k ! base ( ! ,oligoc5e s&/ones 9 ! nor? ( ! c\ntry4 ,! :ole ( ! ,r$ ,sea ,hills igne\s complex has be5 plan$ d[n by m>9e erosion1 ! olde/ s$im5t>y deposits be+ laid on to ! smoo!d d5ud$ surfaces4 #dg4 ,s$im5t>y rocks4 ,geologically ! s$im5t>y deposits ( ,egypt are n ( great age4 ,broadly !y consi/ ( a great developm5t ( ,upp] ,cretace\s & ,eoc5e /rata1 foll[$ by m re/rict$ deposits ( ,oligoc5e & ,mioc5e age1 ! /ill y\ng] =mations be+ repres5t$ only by comp>atively local ?\gh important1 accumulations4 ,z a g5]al rule ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! ,cretace\s & ,t]ti>y succe$ ea* o!r 9 regul> ord] f s\? to nor?1 ! /rata be+ undi/urb$ & dipp+ nor?w>ds at a v l[ angle4 #dh4 ,upp] ,cretace\s4 ,! ,cretace\s sy/em 9 ,egypt is divisible into ?ree ma9 gr\ps1 7#a7 a great ?ickness ( fre%wat] ar5ace\s s$im5ts kn[n z ! ,nubian ,s&/one1 ( ,s5onian age 9 ! s\? 7,dakhla1 ,nile valley1 & s\!rn "p ( ,ea/]n ,des]t71 & ,c5omanian age 9 ! nor? 7,bah>ia1 ,abu ,roa%7871 & ,wadi ,araba72 7#b7 #cjj metres ( argillace\s deposits ) bone-b$s ne> ! base1 ( ,s5onian age2 7#c7 a deep wat] =am9if]al :ite *alk 7,danian7 #fj to #ajj metres ?ick1 especially develop$ 9 ! region ( ! oases to ! we/ ( ! ,nile4 ,! ,nubian ,s&/one1 ! olde/ s$im5t>y deposit 9 ,egypt1 occupies a v l>ge area1 especially 9 ! s\?2 :]ev] its base is expos$ & has be5 critically exam9$1 ! s&/one is f\nd to be laid on to ! d5ud$ surface ( ! und]ly+ cry/all9e rocks4 ,?9n] argillace\s b&s are almo/ ev]y:]e associat$ ) ! s&/ones & ! latt] v>y mu* 9 col\r1 texture1 & h>dness4 ,9 its wide/ s5se ! t]m 8,nubian ,s&/one0 includes deposits ( mu* great] age ?an ,upp] ,cretace\s1 und\bt$ ,c>bonif]\s fossils hav+ be5 detect$ 9 "s localities4 ,! =mation mu/ be reg>d$ z repres5t+ ! sl[ accumulation ( s$im5t 9 imm5se inl& lakes dur+ a great lapse ( "t4 ,al?\gh tempor>y m>9e invasions left _! m>k at int]vals1 x 0 n until ! ,c5omanian t cont9u$ depression caus$ a /eady recession ( ! %ore l9e f nor? to s\?1 s t 9 ,s5onian times practically ! :ole ( ! c\ntry 0 occupi$ by ! ,cretace\s sea4 ,nor? ( ,silsila 9 ! ,nile valley ! s&/ones gradually give way to a s]ies ( flaggy ripple-m>k$ s&/ones alt]nat+ ) s&y %ales & clays1 at ! top ( :i* are b$s ri* 9 bones & coprolites ( fi%1 associat$ ) h>d oy/]-lime/ones1 ov]la9 9 ,wadi ,hammama1 ,e4-,n4-,e4 ( ,q5a1 by a lime/one conta9+ abundant rema9s ( cephalopoda2 ^! b$s are ( ,upp] ,s5onian 7,campanian7 age4 ,ea/ ( ,sabaia1 9 ! ,nile valley1 !y are foll[$ by a #bjj metre s]ies ( f9ely lam9at$ clays1 sep>at$ by b&s ( m>ly lime/one1 ! great] "p ( :i* is ( ,cretace\s age & homotaxial ) ! ,exogyra clays & :ite *alk 7( ,campanian--,danian age7 :i* 9 ! s\!rn oases foll[ on ! ri* boneb$s ov]ly+ ! ,nubian ,s&/one4 ,ant]ior to & dur+ ! deposition ( ^! clayey b$s 9 ! s\?1 ?ick accumulations ( lime/one 7 be+ =m$ 9 ! m op5 sea to ! nor? & are visible to-day 9 ! ,cretace\s area ( ,abu ,roa% ne> ! pyramids ( ,giza1 7& to a less] ext5t 9 ,jebel ,%ebrewet on ! ,gulf ( ,suez71 :]e a great complex ( lime/ones ( ,turonian & ,s5onian ages occurs4 ,f9ally a deep sea deposit ( :ite *alk =ms ! summit ( ! ,cretace\s ?r\gh\t ! ,we/]n ,des]t4 #di4 ,eoc5e4 ,our k ( ! junction ( ! ,cretace\s & ,eoc5e 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! c\ntry leaves mu* to be desir$4 ,:]e ! ,eoc5e is mo/ fully develop$ its basal memb] consi/s ( a gr\p ( gre5 argillace\s deposits1 kn[n z ! ,esna %ales1 well se5 at ! base ( ! cliffs ?r\gh\t ! ,esna-,q5a rea* ( ! valley4 ,^! b$s ev]y:]e pass con=mably upw>ds into ! ,l[] ,eoc5e 7,libyan7 lime/ones above1 b 9 ! ,nile ,valley & ! ,ea/]n ,des]t ! exact l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 !m & ! li?ologically simil> ,cretace\s clays bel[ is /ill some:at obscure4 ,9 ,kh>ga & ,f>afra !y =m a well-m>k$ b& betwe5 ! ,:ite ,*alk 7& associat$ clays7 at ! top ( ! ,cretace\s & ! ,libyan lime/one ( ! ,l[] ,eoc5e4 ,! ,esna %ales may 9 fact be reg>d$ z passage b$s1 & :]e !y exi/ appe> to bridge ov] ! lapse ( "t :i* is repres5t$ by a decid$ uncon=mity betwe5 ! ,cretace\s & ,eoc5e 9 ! nor? ( ! c\ntry1 z 9 ,bah>ia ,oasis & at ,abu ,roa%4 ,! ?ick mass ( lime/one :i* =ms ! plateaux & cliffs on bo? sides ( ! valley f lat4 #be ,n4 to ,cairo is ( ,l[] ,eoc5e 7,libyan /age7 & ,middle ,eoc5e 7,mokattam /age7 age4 ,^! lime/ones1 frequ5tly nummulitic & typically m>9e calc>e\s accumulations1 exce$ #ejj metres 9 ?ickness1 & ov] a wide area are unreliev$ by a s+le b& ( clay or s&/one4 ,t[>ds ! summit ( ! ,middle ,eoc5e1 h[ev]1 t]rig5\s deposits 7 laid d[n1 ! ,upp] ,mokattam consi/+ ( an alt]nat+ s]ies ( impure lime/ones1 clays1 & s&/ones4 ,9 ! ,faym ! ,middle ,eoc5e is foll[$ by a great ?ickness ( fluvio-m>9e deposits ( ,upp] ,eoc5e age1 9 :i* ! rema9s ( ! animals t inhabit$ ! l& to ! s\? & ! adjo9+ seas at ! "t are abundantly pres]v$4 #ej4 ,oligoc5e & ,mioc5e4 ,?r\gh\t ,oligoc5e & ,mioc5e times conditions simil> to ^? :i* l$ to ! deposition ( ! ,upp] ,eoc5e =mation 9 ! ,faym prevail$1 accompani$ by a cont9ual retreat ( ! sea to ! nor?4 ,9 ! littoral area m>9e b$s 7 int]m+l$ ) ! s$im5ts br\ght d[n by riv]s f ! l& to ! s\?2 & ?r\gh\t ^! deposits ! rema9s ( l& animals & great quantities ( l>ge silicifi$ trees are common4 ,a consid]able "p ( ! des]ts ea/ & we/ ( ! valley nor? ( lat4 #bi #cj is cov]$ ) deposits ( ?is age1 & %all[ wat] ,mioc5e b$s1 uncon=mably ov]ly+ ! ,eoc5e1 =m m>k$ flank+ plateaux to "s ( ! igne\s ranges ( ! ,r$ ,sea ,hills4 #ea4 ,plioc5e1 ,plei/oc5e & ,rec5t4 ,9 ,plioc5e times ! relative areas ( l& & sea approximat$ to ^? ( to-day & p[]ful e>?-movem5ts initiat$ ! =mation ( ! l[] "p ( ! ,nile ,valley4 ,! det]m9+ faults & ! huge blocks ( displac$ rock are visible along ! cliff walls 9 _m p>ts ( ! valley1 & at ,gebela9 isolat$ ridges ( highly tilt$ lime/one protrude above ! floor ( ! tr\gh1 ?\gh z a rule1 except ne> ! cliffs1 ! fault$ rocks are invisible1 be+ buri$ "u great ?icknesses ( lacu/r9e & fluviatile deposits4 ,a few kilometres s\? ( ,jebel ,silsila1 h[ev]1 ,eoc5e & ,cretace\s lime/ones are met ) at riv] level 9 ! c5tre ( ! valley & po9t to ! ,kom ,ombo pla9 be+ let d[n by a fault ( ov] #djj metres ?r[4 ,! ,nile ,valley tr\gh or 8grab0 became a m>9e fiord 9 lat] ,plioc5e times1 sea-bea*es be+ =m$ up to #gj metres above pres5t sea level4 ,ext5sive t]races ( gravel1 p]*$ up on ! surr\nd+ slopes ( ! ,faym1 prove t ! sea1 or a great inl& lake1 /ood at #ahj metres 9 late/ ,plioc5e or e>ly ,plei/oc5e times4 ,f ?is "t also dates ! ,r$ ,sea 79 its mod]n aspect71 ! highe/ ,old] ,plei/oc5e coral reefs be+ n[ f\nd at "s #bjj metres above sea-level2 y\ng] reefs associat$ ) lat] ,plei/oc5e gravels occur at a l[] level4 ,9 lat] ,plei/oc5e & e>ly pre-human times1 "u ! v moi/ climate :i* prec$$ ! pres5t des]t conditions1 ! ,nile ,valley nor? ( latitude #bd 0 occupi$ by a s]ies ( deep fre%wat] lakes1 p]haps co-exi/5t ) t 9 :i* ! ,faym gravel t]races 7 accumulat$4 ,! d5udation ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry 0 rapid1 & tribut>y /reams f ! plateaux on ei!r side br\ght d[n f9e lime/one detritus1 :i* 0 deposit$ along ! m>g9s ( ! lakes 9 ! =m ( compact b$s ( re-made lime/one1 int]b$d$ ) frequ5t lay]s ( conglom]ate & gravel1 wa%$ d[n by ! l>g] /reams & by torr5tial floods4 ,9 ! quiet] p>ts ( ^! lakes clays & calc>e\s tufas 7 laid d[n & are visible to-day f ,kom ,ombo to ,heluan4 ,subsequ5tly1 ow+ to ! break+ d[n ( ! divid+ b>ri]s1 or z ! result ( a g5]al slight elevation1 dra9age became m pron\nc$ & ! riv] cut its way d[n ?r\gh ^! lacu/r9e deposits4 ,x 0 probably at ?is "t t1 foll[+ ! p>tial removal ( ! gravel ridge betwe5 ! ,faym & ! valley1 "p ( ! dra9age obta9$ access to ! ,faym depression & a lake1 ! precursor ( ! hi/orical ,mris1 0 =m$4 ,subsequ5tly1 "u climatic conditions simil> to ^? ( to-day1 ! accumulation ( ,nile alluvium comm5c$ )9 ! wide tr\gh cut out 9 ! old] lake b$s4 ,flood pla9s 7 =m$ on ei!r side ( ! riv]1 & by successive deposits1 at ! rate ( ab\t twelve c5timetres a c5tury1 7 built up to _! pres5t level4 #eb4 ,economic products4 ,lime/ones = build+ & o!r purposes are abundant 9 ! ,l[] & ,middle ,eoc5e =mations1 ?\gh z a rule ( only m$ium quality4 ,! *ief qu>ries are ^? ( ,jebel ,mokattam1 ,tura1 ,heluan1 ,abu ,foda1 ,h>di1 & el-,t>if4 ,at ,isawia1 ne> ,tahta1 a f9e t\gh fre%wat] tuface\s lime/one ( ,plei/oc5e age occurs1 & 0 l>gely us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,assiut b>rage4 ,clays ( good quality are n widely ext5d$1 ?\gh c]ta9 b&s ( ! ,esna %ales are v l>gely us$ ne> ,q5a 9 ! manufacture ( pott]y4 ,= bricks ! ,nile alluvium is us$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,s&/one is qu>ri$ = local purposes at ,j4 ,ahm> ne> ,cairo & 9 sev]al localities 9 ! s\? "p ( ! c\ntry2 x 0 =m]ly ext5sively qu>ri$ at ,j4 ,ahm> = ! temples ( ! ,delta1 at ,j4 ,silsila = ^? ( ,upp] ,egypt1 & at ,girtassa1 s\? ( ,assun1 = ! ,nubian monum5ts4 ,al?\gh a fairly h>d & good wea!r-resi/+ /one :5 c>efully select$1 ! frequ5t pres5ce ( s(t uncem5t$ & clayey lam9ae gives x an unreliable "*1 & a good deal ( ! decay ( _m ( ! anci5t ,egyptian monum5ts is attributable to ?is cause4 ,num]\s rocks 9 ! ,r$ ,sea ,hills & ! ,nile ,valley 7 work$ 9 ,egyptian & ,roman times = ornam5tal purposes2 among !m may be specially m5tion$ ! purple imp]ial porphyry ( ,j4 ,dokhan1 ! gre5 breccia ( ,wadis ,hammamat & ,dib1 ! dol]ite ( ,wadi ,e%1 & ! hornbl5de granite ( ! fir/ cat>act4 ,9 mod]n times local granite 0 us$ ?r\gh\t ! ,assun dam & an ,oligoc5e basalt is qu>ri$ at ,abu ,zabel & us$ = road-metal 9 ! capital & o!r t[ns4 ,old work+s & m9+ camps are ( common occurr5ce 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,ea/]n ,des]t & !re is no d\bt t consid]able quantities ( gold 7 extract$ by convict lab\r4 ,! qu>tz lodes trav]se n only ! metamorphic rocks b also "s ( ! granites4 ,iron 7hematite1 limonite71 copp] 7*rysocolla1 copp] pyrites7 & lead 7gal5a7 be>+ ve9s also occur1 & turquoise1 jasp] & *rysolite are f\nd 9 c]ta9 localities4 ,petroleum & sulphur occur sp>sely ne> ,j4 ,zeit1 & gypsum 9 l>ge quantities 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,phosphate deposits 9 ! =m ( accumulations ( bones1 tee? & coprolites ( fi% 9 compact b$s1 h a wide di/ribution 9 ! ,ea/]n ,des]t1 ! ,nile ,valley & ! s\!rn oases1 ?\gh ^! b$s h n yet receiv$ ! att5tion _! importance des]ves4 ,bett] kn[n are ! nitrate be>+ clays :i* are s highly valu$ & l>gely us$ by ! fellah9 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! *ief horizons are ! ,esna %ales & ! und]ly+ cretace\s clays1 b dis9tegrat$ clays ( e age are work$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 ?\gh _! nitrate cont5t may be v l[ & _! salt cont5t high2 m priz$ /ill is ! mat]ial f ! midd5s m>k+ ! sites ( anci5t t[ns4 ,natron 7c>bonate ( soda7 & salt are associat$ 9 consid]able quantities 9 ,wadi ,natrun1 & ! latt] is widely di/ribut$ 9 limit$ quantities ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 ! ma9 supply be+ h[ev] obta9$ by evaporation f ! %ore lagoons along ! coa/ ( ! delta4 ,rock salt ( f9e quality occurs 9 _m localities1 notably 9 ! ,eoc5e lime/ones ?ree to f\r days ea/ ( ,assiut4 ,,app5dices ,,tables ,,pages ,a4 ,i4 ,areas ( ! cat*m5t bas9s ( ! ,nile #aai ,b4 ,,ii4 ,slopes ( ! ,nile 9 its diff]5t rea*es #abj ,c4 ,,iii & ,,iv4 ,velocities ( ! ,nile 9 its diff]5t rea*es #aba ,d4 ,v to ,x4 ,di/ances ( places on ! ,nile f ea* o!r #abc ,e4 ,,xi & ,,xii4 ,details ( obs]v$ dis*>ges #abi ,f4 ,,xiii to ,,xxiii4 ,obs]v$ dis*>ges ref]r$ to gauges #aca ,g4 ,,xxiv4 ,mean dis*>ges ( ! ,nile tribut>ies 9 #aijb1 #aijc & #aijd #aci ,h4 ,,xxv4 ,maximum & m9imum dis*>ges 9 #aijb & #aijc #ada ,i4 ,,xxvi4 ,mon?ly dis*>ges at ,kh>t\m1 ,assun & ,cairo #adb ,j4 ,,xxvii to ,,xl4 ,dis*>ge tables = ! diff]5t gauges on ! ,nile #adc ,k4 ,,xli to ,,lii4 ,detail$ in=mation ab\t ! ,nile1 ,assun to ,cairo #aec ,l4 ,,liii to ,,lxix4 ,gauges ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies #afg ,m4 ,,lxx & ,,lxxi4 ,assun & ,cairo gauges1 metres correspond+ to pics #bji ,n4 ,,lxxii & ,,lxxiii4 ,table conv]t+ cubic metres p] day to cubic metres p] second & vice v]sa #baa ,p4 ,,lxxiv4 ,bombay ra9fall ref]r$ to ! ,assun gauge #bac ,q4 ,,lxxv to ,,lxxxi4 ,meteorological data 9 ! ,nile ,valley #bad ,n4,b4--,9 ,app5dix ,l1 ! gauges are record$ 9 two diff]5t me?ods4 ,if ! fall or rise ( wat] surface is gradual ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 ! gauges are record$ 9 five daily int]vals4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! rise & fall is gradual = ! fir/ f\r & la/ ?ree mon?s ( ! ye>1 b ! *anges are abrupt 9 ! rema9+ five mon?s1 ! gauges are record$ 9 five daily int]vals = sev5 mon?s & daily = five mon?s4 ,app5dix ,a4 ,,table ,i4--,areas ( ,cat*m5t ,bas9s ( ! ,nile4 ,riv]4 ,,area ,,9 ,,squ>e ,,kilometres ------------------------- ,area4 ,total4 ,gr& ,total4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,victoria ,nile at ,ripon ,falls #bdd1jjj #bdd1jjj 444 ,additional area dra9$ into ,lake ,alb]t #ace1jjj 444 444 ,alb]t ,nile at outlet ( ,lake ,alb]t 444 #cgi1jjj 444 ,alb]t ,nile f ,alb]t ,lake to ,gondokoro #id1jjj 444 444 ,alb]t ,nile at ,gondokoro 444 #dgc1jjj 444 ,alb]t ,nile1 ,gondokoro to above ,sobat m\? #bjb1jjj 444 444 ,gazelle ,riv] #bdj1jjj 444 444 ,arab ,riv] #bca1jjj 444 444 ------- #fgc1jjj ,alb]t ,nile above ,sobat ,riv] m\? 444 #a1acf1jjj 444 ,saubat ,riv] #aef1jjj 444 444 ,:ite ,nile bel[ ,sobat ,riv] m\? 444 #a1bib1jjj 444 ,:ite ,nile1 ,sobat ,riv] to ,kh>t\m #cic1jjj 444 444 ,:ite ,nile at ,kh>t\m 444 #a1fhe1jjja1fhe1jjj ,blue ,nile 9 ,abyss9ian ,hills & foot hills #bdg1jjj 444 444 ,blue ,nile foot hills to ,kh>t\m #ec1jjj 444 444 ,total ,blue ,nile 444 #cjj1jjj 444 ,nile at ,kh>t\m 444 444 #a1ihe1jjj ,nile betwe5 ,kh>t\m & ,atb>a junction #ed1jjj 444 444 ,nile above ,atb>a junction 444 444 #b1jdi1jjj ,atb>a ,riv] 9 ,abyss9ian hills & foot hills #aca1jjj 444 444 ,atb>a ,riv] foo?ills to m\? #ajf1jjj 444 444 ,total ,atb>a ,riv] 444 #bcg1jjj 444 ,nile bel[ ,atb>a junction 444 444 #b1bhf1jjj ,lybian ,des]t f ,atb>a junction to ,sea #cce1jjj 444 444 ,arabian ,des]t f ,atb>a junction to ,sea #chf1jjj 444 444 ,total ,des]t ,area 444 #gba1jjj 444 ,nile f its s\rces to its m\?s 444 444 #c1jjg1jjj --------- #c1jjg1jjj ,app5dix ,b4 ,,table ,,ii4--,slope ( ! ,nile 9 flood f ! ,ripon ,falls to ! ,sea4 ,riv]4 ,f ,to ,di/ance ,fall ,slope4 9 9 kilo- metres4 mtres4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,victoria ,nile ,ripon ,falls ,kakoji #fd #eg ,kakoji ,f[]a #bcg #ab ,f[]a ,mur*ison ,falls #fh #cgg ,mur*ison ,falls ,lake ,alb]t #cj #c ,alb]t ,nile,lake ,alb]t ,dufile #bah #h ,dufile ,=t ,b]keley #aee #bbc ,=t ,b]keley ,br #bjf #ah ,br ,gaba ,%amba #aif #aj ,gaba ,%amba ,lake ,n #chj #af ,lake ,n ,sobat #acd #b ,:ite ,nile ,sobat #cjj kilom4 ,s\? ( ,kh>tum #ech #aa #cjj kilom4 ,s\? ( ,kh>tum ,kh>tum #cjj #c ,! ,nile4 ,kh>tum ,%abluka #hf #e #f? ,cat>act #ah #f #f? ,cat>act #e? ,cat>act #bhe #ag #afj #ee #e? ,cat>act #d? ,cat>act #ig #i #aaj #di #d? ,cat>act #crd ,cat>act #cac #bf #hj #aa #crd ,cat>act #bnd ,cat>act #aaj #ag #bjj #ff ,wadi ,haifa #a/ ,cat>act #cde #bh #e #f ,assun ,b>rage #ifd #ged ,b>rage ,m$it]ranean ,sea #bcf #ahf ----------------------- #eece #aabi ,app5dix ,c4 ,,table ,,iii4--,velocity ( ! ,nile 9 its diff]5t rea*es4 ,"n ,f ,to ,di/ance ,,velocity ( 9 ,,9 ,,metres ,riv]4 kilo- ,,p] ,,sec4 metres4------------- 9 9 l[ flood4supply4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,victoria ,nile4 ,ripon ,falls ,kakoji #fd #ab #ab ,kakoji ,lake ,*oga #dg #g #f ,lake ,*oga #hj 44 44 ,lake ,*oga ,f[]a #aaj #g #f ,f[]a ,mur*ison ,falls #fh #ab #ab ,mur*ison ,falls,lake ,alb]t #cj #i #g ,lake ,alb]t #aj 44 44 ,alb]t ,nile4,lake ,alb]t ,dufile #bah #g #f ,dufile ,=t ,b]keley #aee #i #g ,=t ,b]keley ,br #bjf #ab #i ,br ,gaba ,%amba #aif #i #g ,gaba ,%amba ,lake ,n #chj #f #f ,lake ,n ,sobat #acd #ce #ce ,:ite ,nile4,sobat #cjj kil4 ,s\? ( ,kh>tum4 #ech #f #ce #cjj kil4 ,s\? ( ,kh>tum4 ,kh>tum #cjj #ce #ce ,! ,nile4 ,kh>tum ,%abluka #hf #af #h #f? ,cat>act #ah #bc #h #f? ,cat>act--#e? ,cat>act #bhe #af #h #e? ,cat>act #afj #bc #ab #e? ,cat>act--#d? ,cat>act #ig #age #he #d? ,cat>act #aaj #bc #ab #d? ,cat>act--#crd ,cat>act #cac #age #he #crd ,cat>act #hj #ba #aj #crd ,cat>act--#bnd ,cat>act #aaj #ba #aj #bnd ,cat>act #bjj #bc #ab ,wady ,haifa--#a/ ,cat>act #cde #age #he #a/ ,cat>act #e #bc #ab ,assun--,b>rage #ifd #age #he ,rosetta ,bran*4 ,b>rage--,m$it]ranean ,sea #bcf #age #he ,"n ,f ,to ,di/ance ,,velocity ( 9 ,,9 ,,kilometres ,riv]4 kilo- ,,p] ,,day4 metres4------------- 9 9 l[ flood4supply4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,victoria ,nile4 ,ripon ,falls ,kakoji #fd #ajj #ajj ,kakoji ,lake ,*oga #dg #fj #ej ,lake ,*oga #hj 44 44 ,lake ,*oga ,f[]a #aaj #fj #ej ,f[]a ,mur*ison ,falls #fh #ajj #ajj ,mur*ison ,falls,lake ,alb]t #cj #hj #fj ,lake ,alb]t #aj 44 44 ,alb]t ,nile4,lake ,alb]t ,dufile #bah #fj #ej ,dufile ,=t ,b]keley #aee #hj #fj ,=t ,b]keley ,br #bjf #ajj #ge ,br ,gaba ,%amba #aif #hj #fj ,gaba ,%amba ,lake ,n #chj #ej #ej ,lake ,n ,sobat #acd #cj #cj ,:ite ,nile4,sobat #cjj kil4 ,s\? ( ,kh>tum4 #ech #ej #cj #cjj kil4 ,s\? ( ,kh>tum4 ,kh>tum #cjj #cj #cj ,! ,nile4 ,kh>tum ,%abluka #hf #adj #gj #f? ,cat>act #ah #bjj #ajj #f? ,cat>act--#e? ,cat>act #bhe #adj #gj #e? ,cat>act #afj #bjj #ajj #e? ,cat>act--#d? ,cat>act #ig #aej #ge #d? ,cat>act #aaj #bjj #ajj #d? ,cat>act--#crd ,cat>act #cac #aej #ge #crd ,cat>act #hj #ahj #ij #crd ,cat>act--#bnd ,cat>act #aaj #ahj #ij #bnd ,cat>act #bjj #bjj #ajj ,wady ,haifa--#a/ ,cat>act #cde #aej #ge #a/ ,cat>act #e #bjj #ajj ,assun--,b>rage #ifd #aej #ge ,rosetta ,bran*4 ,b>rage--,m$it]ranean ,sea #bcf #aej #ge ,"n ,f ,to ,di/ance ,,"t ,,9 ,,:i* ( 9 ,,! ,,wat] ,riv]4 kilo- ,,travels ,,9 ,,days4 metres4--------------- 9 9 l[ flood4 supply4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,victoria ,nile4 ,ripon ,falls ,kakoji #fd #g #g ,kakoji ,lake ,*oga #dg #h #i ,lake ,*oga #hj 44 44 ,lake ,*oga ,f[]a #aaj #ah #bb ,f[]a ,mur*ison ,falls #fh #g #g ,mur*ison ,falls,lake ,alb]t #cj #d #e ,lake ,alb]t #aj 44 44 ,alb]t ,nile4,lake ,alb]t ,dufile #bah #cf #dd ,dufile ,=t ,b]keley #aee #ai #bf ,=t ,b]keley ,br #bjf #ba #bg ,br ,gaba ,%amba #aif #bd #cb ,gaba ,%amba ,lake ,n #chj #gf #gf ,lake ,n ,sobat #acd #de #de ,:ite ,nile4,sobat #cjj kil4 ,s\? ( ,kh>tum4 #ech #ajg #agi #cjj kil4 ,s\? ( ,kh>tum4 ,kh>tum #cjj #ajj #ajj ,! ,nile4 ,kh>tum ,%abluka #hf #f #ab #f? ,cat>act #ah #a #b #f? ,cat>act--#e? ,cat>act #bhe #bj #da #e? ,cat>act #afj #h #af #e? ,cat>act--#d? ,cat>act #ig #f #ac #d? ,cat>act #aaj #f #aa #d? ,cat>act--#crd ,cat>act #cac #ba #db #crd ,cat>act #hj #d #i #crd ,cat>act--#bnd ,cat>act #aaj #f #ab #bnd ,cat>act #bjj #aj #bj ,wady ,haifa--#a/ ,cat>act #cde #bc #df #a/ ,cat>act #e #jjb #jje ,assun--,b>rage #ifd #fd #acj ,rosetta ,bran*4 ,b>rage--,m$it]ranean ,sea #bcf #af #bb ,,table ,,iv4--,"t wat] travels along ! ,nile4 ,f ,to ,,days ,di/ance ----------------- 9 9 9 kilometres4 flood4l[ supply4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,lake ,victoria,lake ,*oga #b #b #aaa ,lake ,*oga 44 44 #hj ,lake ,*oga ,lake ,alb]t #c #c #bji ,lake ,alb]t 44 44 #i ,lake ,alb]t ,gondokoro #f #g #djc ,gondokoro ,sobat #af #ah #hhe ,sobat ,kh>tum #ba #bh #hch ,kh>tum ,assuan #aa #bb #a1hjd ,assuan ,cairo #f #ab #ide ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,lake ,alb]t ,cairo #fj #hg #d1hge ,app5dix ,d4 ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,sea ,,to ,,cairo1 ,,cairo ,,to ,,assuan1 ,,assuan ,,to ,,kh>tum1 ,,kh>tum ,,to ,,gondokoro ,,& ,,gondokoro ,,to ,,! ,,ripon ,,falls1 ,,& ,,back4 ,,tables ,v ,,& ,,vi4--,di/ances 9 kilometres f ! ,b>rage to ! sea d[n ! ,damietta & ,rosetta bran*es1 & vice-v]sa1 measur$ on ! /eam] track or ,deep ,*annel 9 kilometres4 ,"n ( ,place4 ,di/ance,di/ance f f ,b>rage4 ,sea4 ---------------------------------------- ,damietta ,bran*4 ,bir%ams #bc #bac ,b5ha #ea #ahe ,mitb]a #fb #agd ,zifta #hh #adh ,samand #abd #aab ,mansurah #adb #id ,%]b9 #afh #fh ,ras el ,khalig 7,/ation7 #ahb #ed ,mit ,abu ,ghaleb #aid #db ,f>askur #bjc #cc ,damietta #bba #ae ,sea #bcf #j ,"n ( ,place4 ,di/ance,di/ance f f ,b>rage4 ,sea4 ---------------------------------------- ,rosetta ,bran*4 ,a%mun #bc #bac ,g]es #ca #bje ,khatatbeh #de #aia ,giza #fc #agc ,t5\b #ie #ada ,kafr ,zayat #aai #aag ,kuddabah #adj #if ,%ibrakhit #aed #hb ,dess\k #afh #fh ,fuah #aha #ee ,atf #ahd #eb ,rosetta #bba #ae ,sea #bcf #j ,,table ,,vii4--,di/ances 9 kilometres f ,b>rage to ,assuan & back 9 kilometres measur$ on ! /eam] track or ,deep ,*annel4--,upp]-,egypt4 ,"n ( ,place4 ,di/ance,di/ance f f ,b>rage4 ,assuan4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,b>rage #j #ifh ,kasr ,el ,nil 7,bridge7--,cairo #bc #ide ,rodah gauge #bg #ida ,badre%5 #df #ibb ,aiyat #gc #hie ,wa/ah #ajh #hfj ,b5i ,suef #adc #hbe ,maghagha #aii #gfi ,m9ieh #bfh #gjj ,rodah #cjh #ffj ,d]t ,escape #cdj #fbh ,manfalut #cgg #eia ,asyut #dbj #edh ,sohag #ebj #ddh ,girga #efa #djg ,baliyana #egi #chi ,di%na #ffe #cjc ,k5a #fhe #bhc ,luxor #gdi #bai ,armant #gfh #bjj ,esna #hjg #afa ,edf\ #hei #aji ,gebel ,silsila #hih #gj ,kom ,ombo #ibe #dc ,assuan #ifh #j ,,table ,,viii4--,di/ances 9 kilometres f ,assun to ,kh>t\m & back4 ,"n ( ,place4 ,di/ance,di/ance f f ,assuan4,kh>t\m4 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,assuan 7,%ellal7 #j #ahjd ,kalab%a #eg #agdg ,dekka #aji #afie ,korosko #ahg #afag ,d] #bji #aeie ,ibrim #bbi #aege ,toski #bea #aeec ,abu ,simbel #bhc #aeba ,wadi ,haifa #cde #adei ,kaib> #ffc #aada ,hannek #gce #ajfi ,dongola #gie #ajji ,abu ,ham$ #abee #edi ,b]b] #adfj #cdd ,atb>a #adhd #cbj ,%5dy #afba #ahc ,%abluka #agjj #ajd ,kh>t\m #ahjd #j ,,table ,,ix4--,di/ances 9 kilometres f ,kh>t\m to ,gondokoro & back4 ,"n ( ,place4,di/ance ,di/ance f f ,kh>t\m4,gondokoro4 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,kh>t\m #j #agbc ,duem #bja #aebb ,ab\ ,zeid #ccf #achg ,gebela9 #chd #acci ,kaka #fci #ajhd ,kodok #gdg #igf ,tewfikieh #hcj #hic ,sobat #hch #hhe ,m\? ( ,z]af #hhf #hcg ,lake ,no #igb #gea ,hillet ,nu] #aagg #edf ,sudd ,block #ae #abah #eje ,gaba ,%ambe #aceb #cga ,bor #aedh #age ,lado #agaa #ab ,gondokoro #agbc #j ,,table ,x4--,di/ances 9 kilometres f ,gondokoro to ,ripon ,falls & back4 ,di/ance ,di/ance ,"n ( ,place4 f f ,gondokoro4,ripon ,falls4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,gondokoro #j #hjc ,=t ,b]keley #ca #ggb ,dufile #ahf #fag ,wadelai #cca #dgb ,lake ,alb]t #djc #djj ,mur*ison ,falls #dcd #cfi ,f[]a #eja #cjb ,mruli #faa #aib ,lake ,*oga #fia #aab ,kakogi #gci #fd ,ripon ,falls #hjc #j ,,table ,,xi4--,di/ances f ,kh>t\m to ,rosaires & back along ! ,blue ,nile4 ,di/ance ,di/ance ,"n ( ,place4 f f ,kh>t\m4,rosaires4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,kh>t\m #j #fae ,kaml9 #ih #eag ,rufaa #aea #dfd ,abu-,h>az #ahh #dbg ,rahad m\? #aij #dbe ,wad-,m$ani #aih #dag ,d9d] m\? #bfe #cej ,s5na> #cdc #bgb ,k>koj #dfb #aec ,rosaires #fae #j ,app5dix ,e ,,table ,,xii4--,details ( obs]v$ dis*>ges f ,sir ,w4 ,g>/9's report on ! ,bas9 ( ! ,upp] ,nile4 ,riv]4 ,locality4 ,gauge4 ,date4 ,area ,velocity,dis*>ge ( metres m ,sec- p] p] tion4 second4 second4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,victoria ,nile,above ,ripon ,falls #ea #bbajcbcabj #jbcg #edhj ,mur*ison ,falls 44 #bjcjc #hidd #jfe #eggj ,ug&a ,/reams3 ,ruizi 44 44 #fbjc #ij #abb #aaj ,nyam ,ga%a 44 44 #afbjc #hi #jee #di ,lukoku 44 44 #bdbjc #ed #jec #bh ,mbuku 44 44 #bebjc #fa #aaf #ga ,hima 44 44 #bebjc #aa #jgj #jg ,ruimi 44 44 #bfbjc #eh #jgd #dc ,mpangu 44 44 #bfbjc #cj #jhh #bf ,msisi 44 44 #icjc #fg #jdj #bg ,ngusi 44 44 #abcjc #abe #jej #fb ,kag]a 44 44 #bfbjc #dabj #jce #adcj ,semliki ,outlet ( ,lake ,edw>d 44 #ahbjc #acjj #jgj #ijj ,inlet ( ,lake ,alb]t 44 #dcjc #abaj #jif #aafj ,alb]t ,nile tribut>ies3 ,umi 44 44 #bbcjc #aea #abj #abc ,asua 44 44 #bhcjc #ahg #jeh #ajh ,kit 44 44 44 44 44 #j ,alb]t ,nile ,wadeiai #eb #bbcjc #ggji #jhd #fdfj ,gondokoro #ah #bhcja #ggij #jgc #effj #hd #iijbajccj #jic #ifjj #ej #adjc #faej #ajg #fdaj #bcc #iijcacdgj #acg #ahdgj #hd #adejd 44 44 #aachj ,mongalla 7nor? ( ,gondokoro7 44 #adijcadhgj #add #bjdfj ,br 44 #afijc #ggjj #aad #hhhj #bjc #abejd 44 44 #hacj ,nor? ( ,gaba- 44 #dijb #dihj #jhj #cihj ,%amba 44 #ahijc #ffij #jhj #ecbj ,hillet ,nr 44 #aijc #dghj #jgh #cgej 44 #acdjc #cibj #jhh #cdfj ,nor? ( ,hillet-,nr 44 #adja #dhej #jed #bfbj 44 #bijb #eaaj #jfe #cccj ,s\? ( ,lake ,n 44 #addjj #bfbj #jhd #baij 44 #addjc #dbdj #jga #bhej 44 #cahjc #ddaj #jgb #cahj 44 #bbejd 44 44 #cjbj ,bahr ,el ,gazal#bh kil4 f m\? 44 #cjhjc #ebj #jbc #abj #cb 44 #baijc #ajdj #jai #bjj #cc 44 #bdja #adij #jah #bgj #cc 44 #cahjb #hfj #jag #aej #ej 44 #aedjc #bjjj #jbj #bcj #ea 44 #adjj #afaj #jba #cdj ,bahr ,el ,z]af#h 44 #bbijb #bdjj #jdj #igj #ad 44 #bihjc #ahjj #jfa #aajj #ai 44 #cdja #achj #jbd #ccj #bj 44 #afdjc #agij #jcj #ejj #bj 44 #bbijc #bcbj #jff #aehj #if 44 #becjj #iaj #jce #cbj ,alb]t ,nile ,above ,sobat junction 44 #cjhjb #hacj #jda #ccfj 44 #bbijbajedj #jdj #daij 44 #bbijcajcdj #jdd #dejj 44 #afdjc #gajj #jdi #cdij ,sobat ,riv] #be kil4 f m\? #caf #bfijcajcjj #jhg #hiej #be #bgj #bfhjc 44 44 #gfij #dj #aj #agdjc #dadj #jab #dej #de 44 #fdja #djaj #jbb #hgj ,:ite ,nile ,tewfikia 44 #fdjaajhaj #jbh #chaj #bd #agdjcajfhj #jce #cfhj #bfe #bfhjcbagdj #jed #ajdfj #cch #bfijcbccbj #jef #acjdj 44 #beijbaihcj #jff #abgbj ,blue ,nile ,outlet ( ,lake ,tsana 44 #caajc #fej #jfd #dah ,app5dix ,f4 ,,table ,,xiii4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,victoria ,nile ref]r$ to ! ,j9ja gauge on ,lake ,victoria4 #aijc ,date ( ,locality ,,gauge ,,at ,,j9ja ,dis*>ge ,dis*>ge4 :]e tak54 ------------------------------9 metres ,day #aj days #ae days p] second4 ( be=e be=e dis*>ge4dis*>ge4dis*>ge4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #bb ,janu>y,ripon ,falls #ea 44 44 #edh #bj ,m>* ,bel[ ! ,mur*ison ,falls 44 #ff #gj #egg ,,table ,,xiv4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,alb]t ,nile at ,wadelai ref]r$ to ! ,wadelai gauge4 #aijc ,date ( ,gauge4 ,dis*>ge ,rem>ks4 ,dis*>ge4 9 metres p] second4 ----------------------------------- #bb ,m>* #eb #fdf ,,table ,,xv4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,alb]t ,nile ref]r$ to ! ,mongalla gauge4 #aijc ,loca- ,kilo- ,date4 ,,mongalla ,,gauge 7#cb kilom4 nor? ( ,dis- lity4 metres ,gondokoro7 *>ge f ------------------------------------ m p] ,gondo- #e #d #c #b #a day #a second4 koro4 days days days days day ( day be- be- be- be- be- dis- af- =e4=e4=e4=e4=e4*>ge4t]4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,gondo- #j #a ,april 44 44 44 44 44 #jhc #jhc #fic koro #i #i ,sep- #bgc #bhe #bij #cjb #caf #cad #cjh #aihe temb] #aj ,mon- #cb #ad ,sep- #cad #cjh #bij #bhd #bhb #bhb #bhb #bjdf galla temb] ,d]- #aef #af ,sep- #bij #bhd #bhb #bhb #bhb #bhd #bib #hhh wi% temb] ,dem ,nor? #dae #ah ,sep- #bhb #bhb #bhb #bhd #bib #cjf #cab #ecb ( temb] ,gaba- ,%amba ,hillet #ech #a ,sep- #beb #beb 8 8 8 #beb #bde #cge ,nur temb] ,hillet #edb #ac ,april #jhg #jhi #jij #jij #jhg #jhh #jhh #cca ,nur ,s\? #gda #ad ,april #jhi #jij #jij #jhg #jhh #jhh #jhi #bhe ( ,lake ,no ,s\? #gdb #ca ,au- #bdi #beb #beb 8 8 8 #beb #cah ( gu/ ,lake ,no #aijd ,gondo- #ad ,may #ahi #ahi #aif #bjc #baj #bjc #bjg #aach koro ,br #afe #ab ,may #ahi #ahi #ahi #ahi #aif #bjc #baj #hac ,s\? #gdb #bb ,may #bjc #bjc #bjc #bjg #bjg #bag #bag #cjb ( ,lake ,no #i #fda #eb = side *annel4 #aj #ahdg #ach = side *annel4 ,,table ,,xvi4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,bahr ,el ,gazelle ref]r$ to ! ,tewfikia gauge on ! ,:ite ,nile4 ,date ,,gauge ,dis- ,rem>ks4 ( ------------------------*>ges dis*>ge4 ,day4 #a #b #c m day days days p] aft]4aft]4aft]4second4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #ba ,septemb] #cca #ccc #cce #ccf #bj #cj ,augu/ #bgd #bge #bgf #bgg #ab ,,table ,,xvii4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,bahr ,el ,z]af ref]r$ to ! ,tewfikia gauge on ! ,:ite ,nile4 #aijc ,date ,,gauge ,dis*>ge ,rem>ks4 ( dis*>ge4 ---------------------------- m #a ,day4 #a p] second4 day be=e4 day aft]4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #af ,april #jbd #jbd #jbd #ej #bb ,septemb] #cca #ccc #cce #aeh #h ,may #jbe #jbf #jbf #fa #bi ,augu/ #bfh #bgj #bgb #aaj ,app4 gauge #aijd #bc ,may #ace #ach #adj #abd ,,table ,,xviii4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,alb]t ,nile above ! ,sobat junction ref]r$ to ! ,tewfikia gauge4 #aijc ,date ,,gauge ,dis*>ge ( dis*>ge4------------------------------- m #a day4 #a p] second4 day be=e4 day aft]4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #af ,april #bd #bd #bd #cdi #bb ,septemb] #cca #ccc #cce #dej ,,table ,,xix4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,sobat ,riv] ref]r$ to ! ,dulaib ,hilla gauge4 #aijc #ag ,april 44 #aj 44 #de #bf ,augu/ #bgj #bga #bgd #gfi #bf ,septemb] #caf #cag #cai #hie ,,table ,,xx4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,:ite ,nile j bel[ ! ,sobat junction ref]r$ to ! ,tewfikia gauge4 #aijc #ag ,april #bd #bd #bd #cha #bf ,augu/ #bfd #bfe #bff #ajdf #bf ,septemb] #ccg #cch #cdj #acjd ,,table ,,xxi4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,:ite ,nile at ,duem ref]r$ to ! ,duem & ,kh>t\m gauges4 ,date4 ,duem ,,kh>t\m ,,gauges ,dis*>ge ,gauge cubic - ------------------------------- metres ,gauge4#c days #b days day day ( p] be=e4be=e4be=e4dis*>ge4 second4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #aijb ,may #ac #ea -#jf -#jg -#jd -#jd #cdg ,june #aa #ie #gf #ge #gg #hd #fej ,july #h #adb #agj #agj #ahe #bjc #ghh ,augu/ #e #bbj #ceb #cfb #cga #cgi #hfg ,septemb] #b #cdh #ecj #ecj #ebj #ebj #ccj ,octob] #a #cej #ejc #ejf #eaf #ead #hgj ,octob] #bh #bej #cce #ccj #cbc #caf #hjb ,decemb] #a #bjj #baa #baj #bjh #bjf #icj ,decemb] #bi #bjd #aed #aej #adh #ade #aeah #aijc ,janu>y #bg #aab #jij #jhg #jhd #jhc #ffc ,febru>y #bd #jhf #jcf #jcb #jbi #jbh #dfb ,m>* #bd #jdf #jjb #jja #jja #jjb #eei ,april #ba #jch -#jad -#jab -#jab -#jaf #dae ,may #ai #jch -#jbf -#jbc -#jba -#jai #ddg ,june #af #aji #ada #aef #afe #age #feh ,july #a #aca #afa #aed #aed #aed #hhd #ad #aga #bee #beh #bge #bhj #hce ,augu/ #d #bdf #cej #chj #dje #ddj #gfh #aa #cbh #die #ejf #ejf #eaj #egi #ah #cgj #eee #egj #ehj #egj #ecd #bc #djh #ehj #eij #eie #fjj #fed #bh #dah #fjc #fjh #fjj #fje #gaj ,septemb] #b #dcc #fae #fbh #fbd #fcj #ega #g #ddc #fbj #fbj #fae #fab #gcg #ab #ddf #fbd #fad #fae #fje #fec #ah #ddj #ehf #eie #ehh #ehh #hdj #bd #dbh #eie #fjj #faj #faj #gfc ,octob] #g #cic #eeg #edj #ecb #eaj #aehh ,novemb] #c #caa #cij #che #cge #cfe #aefc #bd #bdd #bfe #bfc #bfc #bfj #affe ,decemb] #h #bjf #bcj #bbh #bbj #bae #adfb #bb #ahj #aij #aij #ahh #ahh #adjc #aijd ,janu>y #f #aff #agh #agh #agh #age #aejh #bj #aed #adh #adh #adh #aee #adff ,,table ,,xxii4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,blue ,nile at ,kh>t\m ref]r$ to ! ,wad-,m$ani & ,kh>t\m gauges4 #aijb ,date ,,wad ,,m$ani ,,gauges ,dis- ( ------------------------*>ge ,dis*>ge4 #b #a ,date m p] ,kh>t\m ,rem>ks4 days day ( second4 gauges4 be=e4be=e4dis*>ge4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #i ,may #ci #ci #cg #ahd -#jje #bc #ga #fa #fe #aid #jaf #f ,june #bjg #bjc #aig #fjd #jgf #bj #big #cbg #cci #fie #ajf #bg #cjd #chi #dbi #hcg #acj #d ,july #chj #cgj #chj #ajcb #age #aa #def #dch #ddh #adec #bjg #ah #dhj #eaj #ebj #afab #bcc #be #egj #eff #egf #ahhe #bfd #a ,augu/ #gjf #gbh #gef #cdbj #ccd #h #hef #hgf #hhf #dhhj #dbj #ae #iad #ijb #hif #dgbj #dej #bb #ajjh #ajjj #iff #eedj #dic #bi #ajdf #ajeb #ajcb #gahj #ecd #e ,septemb] #ajdb #ajcb #ajcj #fehj #ebg #ab #ajdj #ajbh #ajfj #ehjj #ece #ai #ajcb #ajjj #ajcj #egfj #ecj #bf #ajjj #ajaj #iij #dhjj #eaj #c ,octob] #iid #ihh #igj #dhhj #ejc #aj #hdj #hbj #hjj #cbej #cde #ag #gch #gdh #gdj #bdfj #cgc #bd #fid #fhh #fgh #bjcj #cdj #ca #fah #fad #fjd #abdd #cjj #g ,novemb] #eff #efj #eej #abgb #bgg #ad #eaj #ejf #ejj #ajce #bdh #ba #dgd #dgd #dgj #hjb #bbc #bh #def #ded #ddf #ghg #baa #e ,decemb] #djh #djd #djj #fed #aid #ab #cgc #cgd #cff #dhf #ahj #bc #cdc #ccb #cbf #dgf #aeh #aijc #b ,janu>y #bij #bhh #bhd #cdh #aci #i #bfd #bfj #beh #bgj #abb #af #bdh #bdf #bdd #bdh #aji #bc #bcd #bcb #bcj #bej #jid #f ,febru>y #bjf #bjd #bjd #bbf #jfj #bj #ahf #ahd #ahd #aeb #jci #f ,m>* #afj #afj #aeh #bjb #jah #bj #acf #acd #acd #bja #jjd #c ,april #abd #abj #abj #acb #jab #ag #ajh #ajd #ajd #aed #jaf #a ,may #jih #jih #jif #aba #jaf #h #jhh #jhh #jij ,nil #jbc #ae #jhh #jib #jih #jbf #bb #adj #aff #agj #jji #bh #bgd #aea #cdc #cgd #jec #f ,june #dje #cfa #cfe #igj #adj #ai #dgj #dfb #deb #aejj #aij #bf #dbe #dea #dca #ajhi #aeh #c ,july #dga #ebg #efa #acad #agh #aj #fde #fee #ffg #aieb #bdh #ag #fgd #feg #fia #bbfg #bge #bd #gig #gha #ghg #cahc #cdj #ca #ggg #gfg #ggj #bhgj #cde #e ,augu/ #iha #ajaa #ajaa #gehd #dfj #aj #ajae #iii #ihi #gajj #ejf #ad #ajei #ajga #ajeg #icdj #efe #ba #ajdi #ajgc #ajga #ieai #eij #bh #ajdg #ajda #ajfa #iedd 8 #d ,septemb] #ajfh #ajdd #ajdj #hdgd #fbj #aa #ajgd #ajeb #ajdf #hche #fae #ah #iid #iib #iif #gjgj #ehh #be #ajeb #ajdf #ajcb #hife #fjh #b ,octob] #ibb #idh #icf #feha #eec #i #iad #ijd #hfd #egdi #eae #af #gig #gid #hjg #chab #dde #bc #hij #hfd #hed #daih #def #cj #gec #gcc #gbi #bhic #djj #f ,novemb] #fhf #ffh #fcb #bbge #cej #ac #fjj #eij #egj #agij #caj #bj #ega #efe #eee #adef #bfe #d ,decemb] #dij #dhh #dhd #aajb #bce #ah #dcf #dcj #dbh #ghi #aij #be #cij #chh #chd #gbb #ahh #aijd #a ,janu>y #cfj #cff #cfd #fjd #ahj #ae #cdj #cch #ccf #dhh #aei ,,table ,,xxiii4--,obs]v$ dis*>ges ( ! ,atb>a ref]r$ to ! ,khasm ,el ,girba gauge4 #aijc ,date ( ,,gauges ,dis- ,,rem>ks ,dis*>ge4 --------------------------------*>ge #e #d #c #b #a ,date m days days days days day ( p] be- be- be- be- be- dis- second4 =e4=e4=e4=e4=e4*>ge4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #af ,july #bfe #bca #baj #baj #bfe #bbh #cha #bc #bcg #bee #bgd #bhc #bgj #bgj #ech #bg #bgj #bgj #cjj #bfb #bec #bfj #ghj #b ,augu/ #bgf #bhj #cbi #ced #dba #djj #geh #e #ced #dba #djj #cef #cbe #cce #addh #ad #cbi #cgb #dfa #dcg #dec #dfj #bcah #ae #cgb #dfa #dcg #dec #dfj #dhe #bica #bg #eab #dhb #ded #dce #dbj #dhj #bfcb #cj #dce #dbj #dhj #dee #dee #dge #cjhh #e ,septemb] #dde #deb #deb #dfj #dgj #dee #bhbb #ab #deh #dej #dae #dcj #chi #cie #bjia #ah #chj #chd #cga #chh #dcf #dbj #afgb #be #dab #chj #dde #ccj #cbe #caj #abfg #bh #ccj #cbe #caj #bhi #cdb #caj #ijb #b ,octob] #cdb #caj #cac #cje #bhh #bgh #ibe #d #cac #cje #bhh #bgh #bgh #bij #ged #e #cje #bhh #bgh #bgh #bij #bge #gjc ,app5dix ,g4 ,,tables ,,giv+ ,,mean ,,mon?ly ,,dis*>ges ,,( ,,! ,,nile ,,& ,,its ,,tribut>ies ,,dur+ #aijb1 #aijc ,,& #aijd4 ,,table ,,xxiv4--,mean dis*>ges ( ! ,nile tribut>ies 9 cubic metres p] second at ! v>i\s gauge /ations 9 #aijb1 #aijc1 #aijd4 #aijb ,mon?4 ,victo- ,,alb]t ,,nile ,ga- ,sobat ,:ite ,:ite ria ------------------zelleriv]4 ,nile ,nile ,nile at,wade-,gondo- ,above riv] at at ,ripon lai4 koro4 ,sobat app4 ,tew- ,kh>- ,falls4 junc- fi- t\m4 tion4 kia4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,janu>y #eaj #fbj #ffj 44 44 44 44 #iej ,febru>y #eaj #ehj #fdj 44 44 44 44 #eej ,m>* #ejj #egj #ffj 44 44 44 44 #dbj ,april #ecj #edj #eej 44 44 44 44 #cgj ,may #efj #efj #fcj 44 44 44 44 #cej ,june #eej #eej #eej 44 44 44 44 #fjj ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,july #ecj #efj #fjj 44 44 44 44 #ijj ,augu/ #ebj #ehj #ajjj #cdj 44 #egj #iaj #fjjaa ,septemb] #eaj #faj #hbj #dbj 44 #haj #abcj #fjjaa ,octob] #dij #fdj #ghj 44 44 44 44 #ijj ,novemb] #ejj #gaj #ijj 44 44 44 44 #hej ,decemb] #dij #gdj #hfj 44 44 44 44#abjb ---------------------------------------- --------- ,ye> #ebj #fjj #gbj 44 44 44 44 #fij ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijc ,janu>y #ecj #gaj #gfj #djj #j #fjj #ajjjajjj ,febru>y #faj #fhj #gdj #cgj #j #bcj #fjj #fjj ,m>* #fcj #ffj #gjj #cej #j #acj #dhj #ejj ,april #fej #fdj #gjj #cfj #j #dj #djj #dbj ,may #gdj #fgj #ijj #cij #j #ajj #dij #dbj ,june #hjj #gaj #ajbj #djj #j #cbj #gbj #fjj ---------------------------------------- --------- ,july #hdj #gfj #aajj #daj #aj #daj #hbj #gjjaa ,augu/ #gij #hbj #afjj #dbj #aj #fhj #aajj #djjaa ,septemb] #gcj #hgj #bajj #dcj #bj #hgj #acjj #fjjaa ,octob] #ggj #igj #aijj #cfj #cj #ajdj #adjjagjj ,novemb] #haj #ajdj #agjj #cej #cj #ajhj #adcjafjj ,decemb] #haj #ajfj #abjj #chj #cj #ajhj #adfjadej ---------------------------------------- --------- ,ye> #gcj #hjj #abjj #cij #aj #eej #idj #hcj ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijd ,janu>y 44 #ajfj #aajj #dfj #cj #ggj #abcjabjj ,febru>y 44 #ajcj #ajfj #dcj #bj #bcj #ffj #hjj ,m>* 44 #ajjj #ajbj #dcj #bj #acj #efj #ebj ,april 44 #ajjj #ajfj #dcj #aj #ajj #ecj #ejj ,may 44 44 #abjj #dcj #j #afj #eij #ejj ,june 44 44 #abjj #djjaa #j #bij #fij #eej ---------------------------------------- --------- ,july 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,augu/ 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,septemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,octob] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,novemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,decemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,ye> 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aijb ,mon?4 ,blue,atb>a ,total ,nile at3 ,rosetta,damietta ,nileriv]4 =3 ,halfa bran*4 bran*4 at ,:ite1#a/ ,jan4- ,kh>- ,blue #a/ ,july4 t\m4 & ,assun ,atb>a#a/ ,july- riv]s4#a/ ,jan4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,janu>y #bhj #j #abcj #aajj #ajjj #bj ,febru>y #bdj #j #gij #gbj #bij #dj ,m>* #aij #j #faj #fjj #dj #dj ,april #aij #j #efj #ecj #j #j ,may #ahj #j #ecj #eaj #j #j ,june #fjj #ej #abej #eej #j #j ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,july #aejj #ejj #bijj #aajj #j #j ,augu/ #ejjj #abjj #fcjj #cfjj #hjj #djj ,septemb] #fbjj #abjj #hjjj #ffjj #bfjj #djj ,octob] #bhjj #hj #cghj #diej #bejj #acjj ,novemb] #ajjj #j #ahej #bdjj #adjj #gjj ,decemb] #ejj #j #agjj #agjj #afjj #adj ---------------------------------------- ----- ,ye> #aefj #bej #bejj #bjcj #hej #cdj ---------------------------------------- -------------- #aijc ,janu>y #cjj #j #acjj #acjj #acjj #bj ,febru>y #bdj #j #hdj #hhj #ejj #bj ,m>* #ahj #j #fhj #fbj #ajj #cj ,april #abj #j #edj #dhj #j #j ,may #bhj #j #gjj #ddj #j #j ,june #abjj #bjj #bjjj #fcj #j #j ---------------------------------------- ----- ,july #bejj #fjj #chjj #adjj #j #aej ,augu/ #hbjj #bcjj #ajijj #egjj #aejj #cjj ,septemb] #hbjj #aejj #ajcjj #hfjj #ccjj #bjjj ,octob] #dejj #j #fbjj #fcjj #cejj #bbjj ,novemb] #agjj #j #cbjj #cdjj #bejj #afjj ,decemb] #hjj #j #bbec #bjjj #aajj #hjj ---------------------------------------- ----- ,ye> #bcej #chj #cefj #bfej #aaej #eij ---------------------------------------- -------------- #aijd ,janu>y #ejj #j #agjj #adjj #ajjj #ehj ,febru>y #cjj #j #aajj #acjj #hej #aaj ,m>* #baj #j #gcj #hej #aaj #bej ,april #bjj #j #gjj #fej #j #hj ,may #cjj #j #hjj #fjj #j #aj ,june #ejj #ej #ajej #iej #j #cj ---------------------------------------- ----- ,july #bfjj #hjj 44 #aajj #cj #hj ,augu/ #eejj #aajj 44 #eijj #bjjj #ajjj ,septemb] 44 #gjj 44 44 44 44 ,octob] 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,novemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,decemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,ye> 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aa ,blue ,nile wat] fl[+ up ! ,:ite ,nile & decreas+ ! normal dis*>ge4 ,app5dix ,h ,,table ,,xxv4--,m9imum & ,maximum ,dis*>ges ( ! ,nile & its tribut>ies 9 #aijb & #aijc4 #aijb ,"n ( ,locality4 ,,m9imum ,,summ] ,,maximum ,,flood ,riv]4 ,,dis*>ge ,m ,,dis*>ge ,m ,,p] ,,second ,,p] ,,second ------------------------------------ ,date4 ,dis- ,date4 ,dis- *>ge4 *>ge4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,victoria ,nile,ripon ,falls,decemb] #dhj,may #ehj ,alb]t ,nile ,wadela ,april #e? #ecj;,dec4 #aj? #gfj ,gondokoro ,april #ae? #edj;,aug4 #bd? #acfj ,above ,sobat ,sobat ,m\? ,:ite ,nile ,tewfikieh ,april app3 #cdj ,duem ,may1 #aa? #cdj;,dec4 #bi? #aejj ,blue ,nile ,kh>t\m ,april #ae? #ahj;,aug4 #bi? #gbjj ,atb>a ,m\? ,sept4 #h? #bjbj ,nile ,wadi ,haifa ,june #bnd #dij ,assun ,sept4 #ag? #gjjj #aijc ,victoria ,nile,ripon ,falls,janu>y #dij;,july #hcj ,alb]t ,nile ,wadela ,april #e? #fcj;,decemb] #ajgj ,gondokoro ,april #aj? #fhj,sept4 #bcrd #bfjj ,above ,sobat,april #dcj #dcj ,sobat ,m\? ,april #ae? #dj,sept4 #ae? #ajdj ,:ite ,nile ,tewfikieh ,april #chj;,dec4 #ae? #adgj ,duem ,may #i? #djj,nov4 #ae? #afgj ,blue ,nile ,kh>t\m ,may #e? #ajj;,aug4 #bh? #ifjj ,atb>a ,m\? ,aug4 #cj? #cajj ,nile ,wadi ,haifa ,may #ba/ #dbj ,assun ,sept4 #ab? #ijjj ,app5dix ,i4 ,,table ,,xxvi4--,table ( mean mon?ly ,dis*>ges at ,kh>t\m1 ,assun & ,cairo1 = ! maximum1 m9imum & mean ye>s4 ,mon? #ahgg-gh #ahgh-gi ,,mean ,,( ,,m9imum ,,ye> ,,maximum ,,ye> #bj ,,ye>s ---------------------------------------- -------- ,blue ,z- ,cairo4 ,blue ,z- ,cairo4 ,blue ,z- ,cairo4 ,nilesun4 ,nilesun4 ,nilesun4 at at at ,kh>- ,kh>- ,kh>- t\m4 t\m4 t\m4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,june #ajjj #hjj #fjj #ajjj #ejj #bej #ajjj #gej #ejj ,july #bhjj #bdjj #aajj #cejj #bjjj #ijj #bhjj #bbjj #aajj ,augu/ #ecjj #efjj #cijj #hbjj #gijj #ebjj #gjjj #gijj #ecjj ,septemb] #dgjj #eijj #ddjj #abejjabajj #hfjj #hejj #ibjj #gbjj ,octob] #bejj #djjj #cijj #hjjj #icjjajcjj #dejj #fjjj #fijj ,novemb] 44 #bdjj #beej 44 #dgjj #fejj 44 #ccjj #cgjj ,decemb] 44 #aejj #afjj 44 #cbjj #cfjj 44 #bbjj #bcjj ,janu>y 44 #abjj #acjj 44 #bdjj #bfjj 44 #afjj #afjj ,febru>y 44 #hjj #hjj 44 #bajj #bajj 44 #abjj #abjj ,m>* 44 #fjj #eej 44 #aijj #aijj 44 #hej #hjj ,april 44 #ejj #djj 44 #afjj #afjj 44 #gjj #fbj ,may 44 #djj #cjj 44 #aejj #aejj 44 #fjj #ebj ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,mean 44 #bage #aghc 44 #dajj #cged 44 #cjda #bfde ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,note4--,! v high dis*>ges at ,assun & ,cairo 9 ,april & ,may #ahgi2 ! m9imum dis*>ge ( t ye> 0 ab\t #aejj cubic metres p] second4 ,!re has nev] be5 any dis*>ge l t s9ce4 ,app5dix ,j4 ,,dis*>ge ,,tables ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,gauges ,,( ,,! ,,nile ,,& ,,its ,,tributairies4 ,,table ,,xxvii4--,dis*>ges table ( ! ,victoria ,nile at ! ,ripon ,falls4 ,gauge4,dis*>ge ,rem>ks4 m p] second4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- #jj #chj ,?is dis*>ge table is ! mean ( two alt]native #a #daj tables2 "o assum+ t ! wid? ( ! sill ( #b #dej ! ,ripon ,falls 0 #abg metres z /at$ by ,sir #c #dhj ,william ,g>/91 ! o!r assum+ t only half #d #ebj ?is wid? 0 ! work+ sill1 ! re/ be+ m #e #eej or less %all[ wat]4 ,! con/ant has be5 tak5 z ---------------#eg4 ,sir ,william ,g>/9 makes ! wid? ( ! sill #f #ehj #gj #dj #ac #abg metres1 :ile ,*avanne gives x z #g #fbj #hb #ad #ee #bb #agc metres4 #h #ffj #i #gjj ,! wid] ! sill1 ! quick] is ! rise ( #aj #gdj dis*>ge f ! measur$ dis*>ge at ! gauge ( ---------------#ea4 #a #ghj #b #hbj #c #hfj #d #ijj #e #iej --------------- #f #iij #g #ajdj #h #ajij #i #aadj #bj #aaij ,,table ,,xxviii4--,dis*>ge table ( ! ,alb]t ,nile at ,wadela4 ,dis*>ge ,gauge4cubic metres p] second4 ------------------ #jj #ebj #a #edd #b #efh #c #eib #d #faf #e #fdj #f #ffh #g #fif #h #gbd #i #geb ------------------ #aj #ghj #a #haj #b #hdj #c #hgj #d #ijj #e #icj #f #ifb #g #iid #h #ajbf #i #ajeh ------------------ #bj #ajij #a #aajd #b #aaah #c #aacb #d #aadf #e #aafj ,,table ,,xxix4--,dis*>ge ,table ( ! ,alb]t ,nile at ! ,gondokoro gauge4 ,gauge4 ,dis*>ge ,rem>ks4 cubic metres p] second4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- #jj #eej ,!re is a sc\r ( a metre & upw>ds at ?is #b #fjj gauge site dur+ a high flood4 ,! pit is #d #ffj app>5tly fill$ ) s& dur+ a l[ flood4 #f #gdj #h #hbj #aj #ijj ------------------ #b #ajfj #d #abbj #f #achj #h #aedj #bj #agjj ------------------ #b #aijj #d #bajj #f #bcjj #h #bejj #cj #bgjj ,,table ,,xxx4--,dis*>ge table ( ! ,alb]t ,nile at ! ,mongalla gauge1 #cb kilometres nor? ( ,gondokoro4 ,gauge4 ,dis*>ge ,rem>ks4 cubic metres p] second4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #jj #ejj ,?is is a bett] site ?an ,gondokoro4 #b #edj #d #ehj #f #fbj #h #ffj ------------------ #aj #gjj #b #ghj #d #hfj #f #idj #h #ajbj ------------------ #bj #aajj #b #acjj #d #aejj #f #agjj #h #aijj ------------------ #cj #bajj #b #bcjj #d #bejj #f #bgjj ,,table ,,xxxi4--,dis*>ge table ( ! ,sobat riv] at ,dulaib ,hilla4 ,gauge4 ,dis*>ge 9 m p] second4 ----------------- #jj #cj #b #eh #d #hf #f #aab #h #adb #aj #agj #b #bah #d #bff #f #cad #h #cfb #bj #daj #b #ejj #d #eij #f #fhj #h #gij #cj #hfj #b #iej #d #ajdj #f #aacj #h #abbj #dj #acaj ,?is gauge is 9 backwat] :5 ! nor? end ( ! ,sudd region is flood$4 ,,table ,,xxxii4--,dis*>ge ,table ( ! ,:ite ,nile at ,tewfikieh d[n/ream ( ,sobat junction ref]r$ to ,tewfikia ,gauge4 ,gauge4 ,dis*>ge 9 m p] second4 ------------------ -#aj #aej #jj #ccj #b #cgf #d #dbb #f #dfh #h #ead ------------------ #aj #efj #b #faf #d #fgb #f #gbh #h #ghd ------------------ #bj #hdj #b #ijf #d #igb #f #ajch #h #aajd ------------------ #cj #aagj #b #abgj #d #acgj #f #adgj #h #aegj ------------------ #dj #afgj #b #aggj #d #ahgj #f #aigj #h #bjgj ------------------ #ej #bagj ,,table ,,xxxiii4--,dis*>ge ,table ( ! ,:ite ,nile at ,duem 9 ,w9t] & ,summ] :5 ! ,blue ,nile is l[4 ,gauge4 ,dis*>ge ,rem>ks4 9 m p] second4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- #jj #ccj ,?is gauge is 9 backwat] :5 ! ,blue ,nile is #a #ced high4 #b #cgj #c #djb #d #dbf #e #dej ----------------- #f #dhj #g #eae #h #eee #i #fjj #aj #fej ,?is table is only v approximative4 ,,table ,,xxxiv4--,dis*>ge table ( ! ,blue ,nile at ,wad ,m$ani4 ,gauge4 ,,dis*>ge ,,9 ,m ,,p] ,,second ------------------ ,riv] ,riv] ris+4 ,fall+ & ,/ation>y4 ------------------------ #jj #ej #ej #b #hj #fd #d #aaj #gh #f #adj #ib #h #agj #ajf #aj #bjj #abj #b #bdj #adf #d #bhj #agb #f #cbj #aih #h #cfj #bbd #bj #djj #bej #b #dej #bhd #d #ejj #cah #f #eej #ceb #h #fjj #chj #cj #fej #dbj #b #gbj #djf #d #gij #eab #f #hfj #eeh #h #icj #fjd #dj #ajjj #fej #b #aajj #gbj #d #abjj #gij #f #acjj #hfj #h #adjj #icj #ej #aejj #ajjj #b #afcj #aajj #d #agfj #abjj #f #ahij #acjj #h #bjbj #adjj #fj #baej #aejj #b #bcbj #afbj #d #bdij #agdj #f #bfjj #ahjj #h #bhcj #aihj #gj #cjjj #bajj #b #cbjj #bcdj #d #cdjj #behj #f #cfjj #bhbj #h #chjj #cjfj #hj #djjj #ccjj #b #dcjj #cedj #d #dfjj #cghj #f #dijj #djbj #h #ebjj #dbjj #ij #eejj #dejj #b #eijj #dhdj #d #fcjj #eahj #f #fgjj #eebj #h #gajj #ehfj #ajj #gejj #fbjj #b #hjjj #fehj #d #hejj #fifj #f #ijjj #gcdj #h #iejj #ggbj #aaj #ajjjj #hajj #b #ajfjj #hedj #d #aabjj #hihj #f #aahjj #idbj #h #abdjj #ihjj #abj #acjjj #ajcjj ------------------------ 7#a7 ,^! dis*>ges include ! ,rahad riv]4 ,!y repres5t ! dis*>ges bel[ ! ,rahad riv] junction ref]r$ to ! ,wad ,m$ani gauge4 7#b7 ,dur+ a high flood ! riv] sc\rs1 & x silts dur+ a l[ flood2 consequ5tly = exact dis*>ges bel[ #e metres1 ! section ( ! riv] %\ld be tak5 annually 9 ,decemb]4 ,,table ,,xxxv4--,dis*>ge ,table ( ! ,blue ,nile at ! ,kh>t\m ,gauge4 ,gauge4 ,,riv] ,,ris+ ,,riv] ,,fall+ ,,& ,,/ation>y ------------------------------- ,dis*>ge 9 m,dis*>ge 9 m p] second4 p] second4 ------------------------------------- - #b #ajj #ajj #jj #age #abj #b #bfj #ade #d #cfj #agj #f #dgj #aie #h #ehj #bbj ------------------------------------- #aj #gjj #bej #b #hfj #cdj #d #ajbj #dcj #f #aahj #ebj #h #acdj #faj ------------------------------------- #bj #aejj #gjj #b #agbj #hhj #d #aidj #ajfj #f #bafj #abdj #h #bchj #adbj ------------------------------------- #cj #bfjj #afjj #b #bihj #ahdj #d #ccfj #bjhj #f #cgdj #bcbj #h #dabj #befj ------------------------------------- #dj #dejj #bhjj #b #dihj #cahj #d #edfj #cefj #f #eidj #cidj #h #fdbj #dcbj ------------------------------------- #ej #fijj #dgjj #b #gefj #ebbj #d #hbbj #egdj #f #hhhj #fbfj #h #iedj #fghj ------------------------------------- #fj #ajbjj #gcjj #b #aajjj #gidj #d #aahjj #hehj #f #abfjj #ibbj #h #acdjj #ihfj ------------------------------------- #gj #adbjj #ajejj #b 444 #aaadj #d 444 #aaghj #f 444 #abdbj ,?is gauge is 9 backwat] :5 ! ,:ite ,nile is dis*>g+ m ?an ! ,blue ,nile4 ,,table ,,xxxvi4--,dis*>ge ,table ( ! ,atb>a riv] ref]r$ to ! ,khasm el ,girba ,gauge4 ,gauge4,dis*>ge4 ---------------- #jj #jj #b #bj #d #dj #f #fj #h #hj ---------------- #aj #ajj #b #aej #d #bjj #f #bej #h #cjj ---------------- #bj #cej #b #ddd #d #ech #f #fcb #h #gbf ---------------- #cj #hbj #b #ajab #d #abjd #f #acif #h #aehh ---------------- #dj #aghj #b #bjgh #d #bcgf #f #bfgd #h #bigb ---------------- #ej #cbgj #b #ceif #d #cibb #f #dbdh #h #degd ---------------- #fj #dijj ,,table ,,xxxvii4--,dis*>ge table = ! ,assun1 ,assiut & ,cairo ,gauges4 ,! gauges are 9 metres & are ref]r$ to mean l[-wat] level z z]o4 ,! z]o is3 at ,assun ,r4 ,l4 #hejj at ,assiut #deee at ,cairo #abbe ,n4,b4--,at ,assiut ,r4 ,l4 #deee1 accord+ to ! res]voir levels1 is ,r4 ,l4 #deje accord+ to ! #d? ,circle levels4 7,! dis*>ges are 9 cubic metres p] second47 ,?is dis*>ge table may be us$ approximately = any gauge on ! ,nile nor? ( ,assun ) its z]o at mean l[-wat] level2 add+ #e to ! gauge 9 ,k5a ,prov9ce1 & d$uct+ #e f ! gauge 9 ,m9ieh & ,b5i-,suef4 ,if ! riv] is ris+1 take ! dis*>ge correspond+ to ! high] gauge2 if fall+ or /ation>y to ! l[] "o4 ,gauge4,dis*>ge4 ---------------- -#aj #cfj - #h #djf - #f #deb - #d #dih - #b #edd ---------------- #jj #eij #b #ffh #d #gdf #f #hbd #h #ijb ---------------- #aj #ihj #b #ajhf #d #aaib #f #abih #h #adjd ---------------- #bj #aeaj #b #afeb #d #agid #f #aicf #h #bjgh ---------------- #cj #bbbj #b #bdjh #d #beif #f #bghd #h #bigb ---------------- #dj #cafj #b #cdjd #d #cfdh #f #chib #h #dacf ---------------- #ej #dchj #b #dfgd #d #difh #f #ebfb #h #eeef ---------------- #fj #ehej #b #faej #d #fdej #f #fhjj #h #gbjj ---------------- #gj #gfjj #b #hjjj #d #hdjj #f #hhjj #h #icjj ---------------- #hj #ihjj #b #ajcjj #d #ajijj #f #aaejj #h #abajj ---------------- #ij #abhjj #b #acfjj ,,table ,,xxxviii4 ,dis*>ge ,table ( ! ,wady ,halfa ,gauge1 = use at ,assun :5 ! ,assun ,dam is be+ regulat$ on1 & consequ5tly ! ,assun ,gauge no long] repres5ts ! normal dis*>ge ( ! ,nile4 ,at ?is /age ( ! riv] x may be assum$ t ! wat] travels normally betwe5 ,wady ,halfa & ,assun 9 #c or #d days4 ,dis*>ge ,gauge4cubic metres p] second4 ------------------ #jh #cgj #aj #ddj #b #eaf #d #eib #f #fhh #h #hjd ------------------ #bj #ibj #b #ajdh #d #aagf #f #acad #h #adfb #cj #afaj ------------------ #cb #ahjj #d #aiij #f #bahj #h #bcgj ------------------ #dj #befj #b #bhjb #d #cjdd #f #cbhf #h #cebh #ej #cggj ,,table ,,xxxix4--,dis*>ge ( ! ,rosetta ,bran* ( ! ,nile ref]r$ to ! ,delta ,b>rage nor? ( ,cairo4 #ahij ,gauge4 ,dis*>ge m p] second4 -------------------- #jjj #j #be #ej #ej #ajj #ge #aej -------------------- #ajj #bjj #be #bhg #ej #cge #ge #dfc -------------------- #bjj #eej #be #gjj #ej #hej #ge #ajjj -------------------- #cjj #aaej #be #acab #ej #adge #ge #afch -------------------- #djj #ahjj #be #aige #ej #baej #ge #bcbe -------------------- #ejj #bejj #be #bgjj #ej #bijj #ge #cajj -------------------- #fjj #ccjj #be #cebe #ej #cgej #ge #cige -------------------- #gjj #dbjj #be #ddej #ej #dgjj #ge #diej -------------------- #hjj #ebjj #be #edge #ej #egej #ge #fjbe -------------------- #ijj #fcjj ,z]o ( ! gauge ,r4 ,l4 #ajjj metres above mean sea4 ,,table ,,xl4--,dis*>ge ( ! ,damietta ,bran* ( ! ,nile ref]r$ to ! ,delta ,b>rage nor? ( ,cairo4 #ahij ,gauge4,dis*>ge m p] second4 --------------- #jjj #j #be #bj #ej #dj #ge #fj ----------------- #ajj #hj #be #aaj #ej #adj #ge #agj ----------------- #bjj #bjj #be #bfb #ej #cbe #ge #chh ----------------- #cjj #dej #be #ecg #ej #fbe #ge #gab ----------------- #djj #hjj #be #ibe #ej #ajej #ge #aage ----------------- #ejj #acjj #be #adej #ej #afjj #ge #agej ----------------- #fjj #aijj #be #bjge #ej #bbej #ge #bdbe ----------------- #gjj #bfjj #be #bhjj #ej #cjjj #ge #cbjj ----------------- #hjj #cdjj #be #cfbe #ej #chej #ge #djge ----------------- #ijj #dcjj ----------------- ,,note4--,z]o ( ! gauge ,r4 ,l4 #ajjj metres above mean sea4 ,app5dix ,k4 ,,tables ,,giv+ ,,detail$ ,,in=mation ,,ab\t ,,! ,,nile ,,betwe5 ,,assu,n ,,& ,,cairo4 ,,table ,,xli4--,date ( ,heights ( ,m9imum gauges 9 summ] & ,maximum gauges 9 flood at ,assuan4 ,ye>4 ,,m9imum ,,summ] ,,maximum ,,flood ------------------------------------ ,date4 ,gauge4 ,date4 ,gauge4 ---------------------------------------- - #ahgc #e ,june -#jcg #a ,septemb] #gff #ahgdcj ,may -#jfd #f ,septemb] #hig #ahgebc ,may -#jagaa ,septemb] #hcf #ahgfae ,june #jac #g ,septemb] #hfh #ahggbg ,may #jajbj ,augu/ #fdj #ahghbc ,june -#jga #a ,octob] #iae #ahgibc ,may #ahhac ,septemb] #hei #ahhj #i ,june #jhb #d ,septemb] #ghb #ahhaad ,may #jjj #d ,septemb] #had #ahhbbc ,june -#jeebh ,augu/ #hjj #ahhcbb ,june #jjdag ,septemb] #hah #ahhdbg ,may #jcg #a ,septemb] #ggc #ahheba ,june -#jddbh ,augu/ #hje #ahhf #c ,june -#jjfbb ,septemb] #hjd #ahhg #h ,may -#jjc #a ,septemb] #hha #ahhh #h ,june -#jjhbd ,augu/ #gjh #ahhibd ,june -#jfj #b ,septemb] #hcf #ahij #h ,june -#jfj #b ,septemb] #hgb #ahiaai ,may -#jbabg ,septemb] #ghd #ahibah ,june -#jfdbj ,septemb] #hhh #ahicah ,june #jcead ,septemb] #gge #ahidaf ,june #jjfah ,septemb] #hfa #ahiebc ,june #jghaj ,septemb] #hfh #ahifac ,june #jdi #c ,septemb] #hfc #ahigca ,may #jfb #a ,septemb] #ghj #ahihbc ,june -#jbebi ,augu/ #hfc #ahii #a ,june #jae #d ,septemb] #ffg #aijjae ,may -#jicai ,augu/ #gia #aijaaj ,may -#jdf #f ,septemb] #ghb #aijbab ,may -#jdhag ,septemb] #fgb #aijcaf ,april -#jfhbg ,augu/ #gic #aijd #e ,june -#jbjac ,augu/ #fig ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres or mean l[ wat] level4 ,,table ,,xlii4--,table giv+ areas ( cross sections ( ! ,nile1 f ,assun to ,cairo4 ,locality4 ,l5g? ,,mean ,,area ,,9 ,,squ>e ,,metres 9 ---------------------------------------- kilo- ,bel[ ,bel[ ,bel[ ,bel[ ,bel[ ,bel[ metres4z]o4 #f #g #h #h4e #i metres4metres4metres4metres4metres4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,assun to ,ramdi #ha #ajbd #dicj #ehjh #fged #gccg #giic ,ramdi to ,esna #gf #fgd #deed #edfa #fcih #fiff #gfie ,esna to ,k5a #aae #heb #ddgf #eccf #fbba #fgbf #gcfc ,k5a to ,sohg #aeh #igc #dgah #efjj #fece #gaba #ghgc ,sohg to ,assi\t #ih #ajcg #ebbj #fcje #ggje #hfhc #igdi ,assi\t to ,m9ia #ach #hii #eadi #fbje #gghc #hhde #iicg ,m9ia to ,b5i- ,suf #aag #iae #ejce #fjjg #gcae #haif #iadj ,b5i-,suf to ,ko%e%a #cd #ffe #ejdj #fjhj #gecb #hcgi #ibdg ,ko%e%a to ,cairo #ha #ajca #ecfd #fchh #ghac #hfdh #idie ,cairo to ! ,b>rage #bd #adjb #edad #ffbh #hcdf #ibeh #ajahd ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,assun to ,assi\t #ebh #ibj #dgfj #efhj #ffij #gcaj #hjhj ,assi\t to ,ko%e%a #bhi #hgj #ejhj #fajj #geej #heaj #iebj ,ko%e%a to ,cairo #ha #ajcj #ecfj #fchj #ghaj #hfdj #idij ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,assun to ,cairo #hih #iaj #dicj #ehij #gjhj #ghcj #hfij ,,table ,,xliii4--,table ( ! cubic cont5ts ( ! tr\gh ( ! ,nile f ,assun to ,cairo 9 millions ( cubic metres4 ,locality4 ,l5g? ,,cont5ts ,,9 ,,millions 9 kilo- ,,( ,,cubic ,,metres metres4 ------------------------- ,bel[,f #f4j #g4j #h4j #h4e z]o4z]o to to to to to #g4j #h4j #h4e #i4j #f4j ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,assun to ,ramadi #ha #hc #caf #gaa #gg #dg #ec ,ramadi to ,esna #gf #ea #bie #fi #ga #dc #ef ,esna to ,k5a #aae #ih #dag #ii #ajb #eh #gc ,k5a to ,sohag #abh #aed #eib #aci #adh #hc #aai ,sohag to ,assi\t #ih #ajb #daj #ajf #acg #if #ajd ,assi\t to ,m9ieh #ach #abd #ehf #adf #bah #adg #aea ,m9ieh to ,b5i ,suf #aag #ajg #dhb #aad #aec #ajc #aaj ,b5i ,suf to ,ku%e%a #cd #bc #adi #ce #di #bi #bi ,ku%e%a to ,cairo #ha #hd #cea #hc #aae #fh #fi ,cairo to ! ,b>rage #bh #cd #if #bi #da #bb #bb --------------------------------- ,assun to ,assi\t #ebh #dhgbjcj #dhd #ecd #cbg #dje ,assi\t to ,ku%e%a #bhi #bedabag #bie #dbj #bgh #bia ,ku%e%a to ,cairo #ha #hd #cea #hc #aae #fh #fi --------------------------------- ,assun to ,cairo #hih #hbeceih #hfbajfi #fgc #gfe ,locality4 ,l5g? ,,cont5ts ,,9 ,,millions 9 kilo- ,,( ,,cubic ,,metres metres4 ------------------------- ,bel[,bel[,bel[,bel[,bel[ #f4j #g4j #h4j #h4e #i4j ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,assun to ,ramadi #ha #cii #dgj #edg #eid #fdg ,ramadi to ,esna #gf #cdf #dae #dhf #ebi #ehe ,esna to ,k5a #aae #ead #fad #gae #ggc #hdg ,k5a to ,sohag #abh #gde #hhe #ajcb #aabe #abdd ,sohag to ,assi\t #ih #eab #fah #gee #hea #iee ,assi\t to ,m9ieh #ach #gaj #hef #ajgd #abbj #acga ,m9ieh to ,b5i ,suf #aag #ehi #gjc #hef #hei #ajfi ,b5i ,suf to ,ku%e%a #cd #aga #bjg #bef #bhe #cad ,ku%e%a to ,cairo #ha #dcd #eag #fcc #gjj #gfi ,cairo to ! ,b>rage #bh #acj #aei #bjj #bbb #bdd --------------------------------- ,assun to ,assi\t #ebh #beag #cjja #cece #chfb #dbfg ,assi\t to ,ku%e%a #bhi #adga #agff #bahf #bdfd #bgee ,ku%e%a to ,cairo #ha #dce #eah #fcc #gja #ggj --------------------------------- ,assun to ,cairo #hih #ddbc #ebhe #fced #gjbg #ggib ,,table ,,xliv4--,wid?s ( wat] surface f ,assun to ,cairo4 ,f4 ,to4 ,,mean ,,wid? ,,( ,,wat] ,,surface ----------------------- #j #fj #gj #hj #he #ij ---------------------------------------- - ,assun ,ramadi #djj #hdj #hhjajcjabgjadjj ,ramadi ,esna #cdj #hej #hijajcjabfjafbj ,esna ,k5a #cej #hbj #hej #idjaabjadjj ,k5a ,sohag #chj #hgj #hijajjjacjjaefj ,sohag ,assi\t #djjajjjaagjagbjbjhjbagj ,assi\t ,m9ieh #cij #igjaahjahijbjfjbjhj ,m9ieh ,b5i ,suf#dij #ifjacjjaeejahjjahdj ,b5i ,suf,ku%e%a #ejjajjjacijafijagbjagcj ,ku%e%a ,cairo #dej #ifjaajjaegjagjjagjj ,cairo ,b>rage #ddj #idjadfjahdjahfjahij ---------------------------------------- -- ,assun ,assi\t #cgj #hhj #idjaadjadajafcj ,assi\t ,ku%e%a #dfj #ihjabijagajahfjahhj ,ku%e%a ,cairo #dej #ifjaajjaegjagjjagjj ---------------------------------------- - ,assun ,cairo #dcj #idjaaajadgjaffjagdj ---------------------------------------- - ,area ( wat] surface 9 millions ( squ>e metres4 ,assun ,assi\t #bjj #dgj #ejj #fjj #gdj #hfj ,assi\t ,cairo #acj #bhj #cgj #dij #edj #edj ,assun ,cairo #djj #hdjajjjacbjadijaefj ,,table ,,xlv4--,slope ( wat] surface 9 ! ,nile4 ,assun to ,cairo4 ,f4 ,to4 ,di/ance,di/ance ,slope ,slope 9 kilo-9 kilo- 9 9 metres metres flood4summ]4 d[n !d[n ! c5tre summ] l9e ( *annel4 ! flood4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,assun ,silsila #gj #gb ,silsila ,kasr-es-,saad #bej #beh ,kasr-es-,saad,khaz9d>ia #aej #aei ,khaz9d>ia ,assi\t #fj #fc ,assi\t ,b5i ,mazr #ahj #aif ,b5i ,mazr ,a%mant #ij #id ,a%mant ,cairo #ajj #ajf ,cairo ,b>rage #bc #be ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,assun ,cairo #ijj #idh ,,table ,,xlvi4--,mean l[ wat] level ( ! ,nile--,assun to ,cairo4 ,di/ance ,"n ( ,r4 ,l4 ,r4 ,l4 ,di/ance f ,locality4 ,accord+,accord+ f ,assun to to ,assun along res]voirinspectors along c5tre levels4 ( summ] ( irriga- ,*annel4 flood4 tion4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- #j ,assun #hej #hej #j #gj ,gebel ,silsila #gic #gid #gb #ajf ,edfu #gfg #ggj 44 #aeg ,esna #gca #gbf 44 #aid ,armant #gja #fif 44 #bac ,luxor #fij #fhe 44 #bgb ,k5a #fec #fdh 44 #cbj ,kasr-es-,saad #fag #fab #ccj #cbh ,heu #fab #fjg 44 #ccc ,naga ,hamadi #faj #fje 44 #cfe ,abu ,%u%a #ehf #eha 44 #cgc ,balyana #ehc #egh 44 #cij ,girga #efi #efe 44 #dbi ,sohg #ech #ecb 44 #dgj ,khaz9d>ia #dii #did #dhi #eje ,ab\tig ,escape #dgg #dga 44 #ecj ,assi\t#ab #deee #deje #eeb #eih ,d]ut ,escape #cia #che 44 #fbg ,roda #cfc #ceg 44 #fff ,m9ia #cbf #cbj 44 #gaj ,b5i ,mazr #bhi 44 #gdh ,b5i ,suf#ac #bba #bah 44 #hjj ,a%mant #bje #bjb #hdb ,ku%e%a ,escape #ahi #ahf 44 ,el-,ayt #aeh #aee 44 #hih ,cairo gauge #abaj #abbe 44 #ijj ,cairo #abjj #aba #idh #ab ,d[n/ream ( ! ,assi\t weir4 #ac ,! ,b5i ,suf gauge is unreliable 9 summ] z x is on a bran* ( ! riv] :i* is damm$ by ! villag]s4 ,,table ,,xlvii4--,dis*>ge table ( ! ,upp] ,egypt canals4 ,a l[ ,nile flood is #fd metres ,a mean ,nile flood is #ge at ,assun4 ,a high ,nile flood is #hc ,! dis*>ges ( ! ,upp] ,egypt canals correspond+ to ! ,assun gauges are approximately z foll[s3-- ,assun #fj #acjj #a #acgj #b #addj #c #aeaj #d #aehj--,l[ ,nile flood4 #e #afej #f #afbj #g #agij #h #ahfj #i #aicj #gj #bjjj ----------- #a #bjgj #b #badj #c #bbaj #d #bbhj #e #bcej--,mean ,nile flood4 #f #bdbj #g #bdij #h #befj #i #bfcj #hj #bgjj ----------- #a #bggj #b #bhdj #c #biaj--;,high ,nile flood4 #d #bihj #e #cjej #f #cabj #g #caij #h #cbfj #i #cccj #ij #cdjj ,r4 ,l4 ( z]o 9 ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 ,,table ,,xlviii4--,canal dis*>ges betwe5 ,assuan & ,assiut4 ,,dis*>ges ,,( ,,! ,,canals ,,9 ,,upp] ,,egypt ,,9 #ahib4 ,"n ( ,canal4 ,,augu/ ,,septemb] ---------------------------------------- #ae #bj #be #ca #e #aj #ae #bj #be #cj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,ramadi #ee #ff #hj #gf #hb #he #hi #ia 44 44 ,um-,ads #h #i #ab #ac #af #ah #bj 44 44 44 ,afsn #be #bi #cg #ci #db #dc #de 44 44 44 ,fadilia #ab #bf #dd #di #eb #ee #ej 44 44 44 ,t\kh #aj #ai #cg #db #dd #eh #fj 44 44 44 ,rannan #bh #cf #ec #ei #fb #fg #gj 44 44 44 ,dumrania #bf #ce #ef #fb #fe #gj #gd 44 44 44 ,ra%wania #ce #da #eh #fa #fd #gj #gc 44 44 44 ,kasra #di #fb #ajd #acc #ach #aej #aej 44 44 44 ,z>zria #bd #cj #fd #gf #gg #ij #ij 44 44 44 ,girgawia #ed #ei #hd #ie #if #abj #abj 44 44 44 ,sohagia #chj #chf #dgj #dhe #dib #ebj #ejj 44 44 44 ,tahta #dd #de #ff #ge #gg #hb #he 44 44 44 ,%atura #be #bd #ci #dg #di #de #dj 44 44 44 ,ibrahimia #dfj #ddj #edj #fjj #fdj #gjj #gdj 44 44 44 ,waladia #f #f #ad #bj #bd #bd #bd 44 44 44 ,m9or ,canals #aj #ae #bj #cj #cj #cj #bj 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,total left bank #abejacbjagijaihjbjfjbbejbbgj 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,kilibia #f #aa #ag #bj #bd #bh #cb 44 44 44 ,maala #e #e #ah #bb #bf #cj #cb 44 44 44 ,bayadi #cj #cf #fb #fi #gg #he #ij 44 44 44 ,%anhuria #df #ee #ih #ajh #aaf #abj #abe 44 44 44 ,%ekhia #e #f #aj #aa #ab #ab #ab 44 44 44 ,gilasi #ai #cj #eh #fd #fh #gj #gb 44 44 44 ,sama?a #ab #ai #da #dh #eb #fj #fj 44 44 44 ,t>if #aj #ae #bj #be #be #be #be 44 44 44 ,hawis #ae #bb #ch #da #dd #ea #ef 44 44 44 ,ahaiwia #aj #ae #bj #be #be #be #be 44 44 44 ,isaiwia #ce #ce #ee #fj #fc #gj #gj 44 44 44 ,khiz9d>ia #fc #fb #hf #if #ih #aaj #ie 44 44 44 ,maanah #ce #da #eh #fg #ga #hj #he 44 44 44 ,sant #f #g #h #aj #aj #ab #ab 44 44 44 ,m9or ,canals #d #h #ab #ae #ae #ae #ae 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,total "r bank #cjj #cgj #fjj #fhj #gcj #hjj #haj 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,total bo? banks #aeejafijbcijbffjbgijcjejcjhj 44 44 44 ,,table ,,xlviii 7cont9u$74--,canal dis*>ges betwe5 ,assi\t & ,cairo4 ,,dis*>ges ,,( ,,! ,,canals ,,9 ,,upp] ,,egypt ,,9 #ahib4 ,"n ( ,canal4 ,,augu/ ,,septemb] ---------------------------------------- #ae #bj #be #ca #e #aj #ae #bj #be #cj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,b5i-,husa9 #ac #af #bj #cj #ce #dj 44 44 44 44 ,abu-,bakra #ec #ch #fj #hj #he #ic 44 44 44 44 ,sultani #ah #aj #bj #cg #ch #dj 44 44 44 44 ,n9a #i #e #aj #bj #bj #bj 44 44 44 44 ,bahab%9 #ab #h #ad #bg #bh #cc 44 44 44 44 ,magnuna #ae #ae #bb #dj #de #de 44 44 44 44 ,ku%eha #gj #gj #gj #gj #gj #gj 44 44 44 44 ,zawia #aa #g #af #bg #bh #cc 44 44 44 44 ,girza #dj #ch #gj #ie #ajj #ajj 44 44 44 44 ,zumr #ac #ab #ad #ai #bj #ai 44 44 44 44 ,m9or ,canals #b #b #d #d #d #d 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,total left bank #bfj #bbj #cbj #dej #dhj #ejj 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,aly ,bey #ad #ac #bh #cc #bj #ah 44 44 44 44 ,khassb #ai #ad #be #ce #dj #df 44 44 44 44 ,m9or ,canals #g #f #ab #ab #ad #ad 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,total "r bank #dj #cj #gj #hj #hj #hj 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,total bo? banks #cjj #bej #cij #ecj #efj #ehj 44 44 44 44 ,canal dis*>ges betwe5 ,assun & ,cairo4 ,left bank #aeajaedjbaajbdcjbedjbgej 44 44 44 44 ,"r bank #cdj #djj #fgj #gfj #haj #hhj 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,total #ahejaidjbghjcaijccijcfcj 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,assun gauge #fg #gd #hc #hchf #hh #hg 44 44 44 ,assi\t gauge #fa #ei #fh #gbgd #gg #ha 44 44 44 ,cairo gauge #eh #ee #eh #fggj #gb #gg 44 44 44 ,,table ,,xlix4--,canal dis*>ges betwe5 ,assuan & ,assiut4 ,,dis*>ges ,,( ,,! ,,canals ,,9 ,,upp] ,,egypt ,,9 #ahic4 ,"n ( ,canal4 ,,augu/ ,,septemb] ---------------------------------------- #ae #bj #be #ca #e #aj #ae #bj #be #cj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,ramadi #ej #ef #eh #ef #ee #fj #fd #fa #fd #fa ,um-,ads #aj #ab #ab #ab #ac #ad #ae #ae #ae #ae ,asfun #bh #cc #cd #cc #ca #cc #ce #cc #cd #cc ,fadilia #ag #bd #bf #bf #bb #bd #bi #bd #bb #bj ,t\kh #ai #bd #bf #bg #ba #bd #bd #bb #bg #bf ,rannan #bj #bf #bi #bh #be #be #cj #bg #cj #bh ,dumrania #cc #ci #dd #dc #ci #da #df #dc #df #dd ,ra%wania #de #eb #fj #ee #ej #ec #fh #fj #fe #fj ,kasra #gj #gb #hb #gi #gb #gf #hg #hb #hg #hb ,z>zuria #ch #dd #dg #df #de #dg #eb #df #eb #df ,g]gawia #ee #ee #ei #eh #ef #ef #fb #eg #fb #eg ,sohagia #cij #chj #djj #cij #cej #cfj #dbj #cij #dcj #daj ,tahta #de #df #dg #df #dd #de #ea #dd #eb #dg ,%atura #bj #bc #bf #be #bb #ag #bh #be #bi #bh ,ibrahimia #ebj #ebj #efj #efj #edj #edj #fjj #ehj #fjj #fjj ,waladia #aj #aa #ab #ab #aa #aa #aa #ab #ab #ab ,m9or ,canals #aj #ae #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj ---------------------------------------- -- ,total left bank #achjadcjaeejaeajadbjaddjafdjaedjafejaei j ---------------------------------------- ,kilibia #aa #ac #ae #ad #ad #ae #ag #af #af #af ,maala #aa #ab #ac #ab #ac #ad #af #af #af #af ,bayadia #cf #dd #dh #df #dj #de #eb #dd #db #cj ,%anhuria #ef #fd #fi #fc #fb #fd #gj #ej #dj #cj ,%ekhia #f #g #i #h #f #f #d #e #f #f ,gilasi #bd #cb #cd #cb #bi #cj #ce #ca #cd #cc ,sama?a #ag #bd #bg #be #bb #bd #bh #be #bg #bf ,t>if #ab #ad #af #ae #ad #ae #ag #af #ag #af ,hawis #bd #bg #bi #bi #bg #bg #bi #bg #be #af ,ahaiwia #ae #af #af #af #ab #ab #aj #g #d #d ,isawia #cj #cg #dj #cg #cg #ci #dj #dj #dc #dj ,khaz9d>ia #fj #fb #fg #ff #fj #fj #ff #fe #ee #ej ,maanah #bj #cj #cb #cb #bi #cb #cc #cd #bd #bd ,sant #f #f #i #h #g #g #g #g #g #g ,m9or ,canals #d #g #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj #aj ---------------------------------------- ,total "r bank #cdj #djj #dcj #daj #cij #djj #dcj #cij #cgj #cbj ---------------------------------------- ,total bo? banks #agbjahcjaihjaibjahajahdjbjgjaicjbjbjaia j ,"n ( ,canal4 ,,octob] -------------------- #e #aj #ae #bj #be ---------------------------------- ,ramadi 44 44 44 44 44 ,um-,ads 44 44 44 44 44 ,asfun 44 44 44 44 44 ,fadilia 44 44 44 44 44 ,t\kh 44 44 44 44 44 ,rannan 44 44 44 44 44 ,dumrania 44 44 44 44 44 ,ra%wania 44 44 44 44 44 ,kasra 44 44 44 44 44 ,z>zuria 44 44 44 44 44 ,g]gawia 44 44 44 44 44 ,sohagia 44 44 44 44 44 ,tahta 44 44 44 44 44 ,%atura 44 44 44 44 44 ,ibrahimia 44 44 44 44 44 ,waladia 44 44 44 44 44 ,m9or ,canals 44 44 44 44 44 -------------------- ,total left bank 44 44 44 44 44 -------------------- ,kilibia 44 44 44 44 44 ,maala 44 44 44 44 44 ,bayadia 44 44 44 44 44 ,%anhuria 44 44 44 44 44 ,%ekhia 44 44 44 44 44 ,gilasi 44 44 44 44 44 ,sama?a 44 44 44 44 44 ,t>if 44 44 44 44 44 ,hawis 44 44 44 44 44 ,ahaiwia 44 44 44 44 44 ,isawia 44 44 44 44 44 ,khaz9d>ia 44 44 44 44 44 ,maanah 44 44 44 44 44 ,sant 44 44 44 44 44 ,m9or ,canals 44 44 44 44 44 -------------------- ,total "r bank 44 44 44 44 44 -------------------- ,total bo? banks 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,xlix 7cont9u$74--,canal dis*>ges betwe5 ,assi\t & ,cairo4 ,,dis*>ges ,,( ,,! ,,canals ,,9 ,,upp] ,,egypt ,,9 #ahic4 ,"n ( ,canal4 ,,augu/ ,,septemb] ---------------------------------------- #ae #bj #be #ca #e #aj #ae #bj #be #cj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,b5i ,husa9 #ag #ah #ai #bj #ad #ab #af #ag #ag #ag ,abu-,bakra #fc #ej #fc #fd #fj #eh #fh #fe #fd #fd ,sultani #ag #af #ag #ag #af #ae #ag #ag #ag #ag ,n9a #i #h #i #aj #aj #i #i #i #i #i ,bahab%9 #aa #i #aa #ab #ab #aj #ab #aa #ac #ad ,magnuna #ba #bj #bj #bj #bd #bc #bh #bi #cj #cj ,ku%ska #gj #gj #ej #cj #j #j #j #j #j #j ,zawia #aa #h #ac #ab #ac #ab #ac #ae #af #ag ,girza #ej #de #ej #ee #fj #fj #ej #ej #dj #cj ,zumr #aj #aj #aj #aj #f #f #g #ab #ad #ae ,m9or ,canals #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b #b ---------------------------------------- ,total left bank #bhj #bfj #bfj #bej #bbj #baj #bbj #bbj #bbj #bbj ---------------------------------------- ,ali bey #af #bj #bg #bh #ae #ab #ae #ag #bj #bj ,khassab #bj #bj #bj #bb #ai #ae #ai #ae #ae #ah ,m9or ,canals #f #f #f #f #g #g #g #g #g #g ---------------------------------------- ,total "r bank #dj #ej #ej #fj #dj #cj #dj #dj #dj #ej ---------------------------------------- ,total bo? banks #cbj #caj #caj #caj #bfj #bdj #bfj #bfj #bfj #bgj ,"n ( ,canal4 ,,octob] -------------------- #e #aj #ae #bj #be ---------------------------------- ,b5i ,husa9 44 44 44 44 44 ,abu-,bakra 44 44 44 44 44 ,sultani 44 44 44 44 44 ,n9a 44 44 44 44 44 ,bahab%9 44 44 44 44 44 ,magnuna 44 44 44 44 44 ,ku%ska 44 44 44 44 44 ,zawia 44 44 44 44 44 ,girza 44 44 44 44 44 ,zumr 44 44 44 44 44 ,m9or ,canals 44 44 44 44 44 -------------------- ,total left bank 44 44 44 44 44 -------------------- ,ali bey 44 44 44 44 44 ,khassab 44 44 44 44 44 ,m9or ,canals 44 44 44 44 44 -------------------- ,total "r bank 44 44 44 44 44 -------------------- ,total bo? banks 44 44 44 44 44 ,canal dis*>ges betwe5 ,assuan & ,cairo4 ,left bank #affjafijahajagfjafdjafejaifjagfjahgjaha j ,"r bank #chj #dej #dhj #dgj #dcj #dcj #dgj #dcj #daj #cgj ---------------------------------------- ,total #bjdjbadjbbijbbcjbjgjbjhjbccjbaijbbhjbah j ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,assun gauge #gj #gc #gd #gc #gb #ge #gf #gd #ga #gc ,assi\t gauge #fb #fb #fd #fc #fb #fc #fe #fe #ff #ff ,cairo gauge #eh #ef #ei #fj #fj #eh #fj #fj #fa #fc ,left bank 44 44 44 44 44 ,"r bank 44 44 44 44 44 -------------------- ,total 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------- ,assun gauge #ga #gc #fi #fc #fj ,assi\t gauge #fd #fe #fg #fg 44 ,cairo gauge #fb #fa #fd #fe #bg ,,table ,l4--,calculat$ ,cairo gauges correspond+ to ,assun gauges if bas9 irrigation 7 to be *ang$ into p]5nial irrigation4 #ahgd4 ,date at ,gauges ,dis- ,wat] ,tr\gh ,dis- ,gauges ,date at ,assun4 at *>ges con- ( *>ge at ,cairo4 ,z- at sump- ,nile at ,cairo4 sun4 ,assun4 tion ,assun,cairo4 ,assun to to ,cairo4 ,cairo4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,augu/ #e #fi #gfjj -#ajbj -#ajjj #eehj #eh #aj? ,augu/4 #aj #gd #hfjj d d #fehj #fd #ae? #ae #he #aaejj d d #idhj #gh #bj? #bj #hf #aahjj d d #ighj #gi #be? #be #hg #abajj d d #ajjhj #ha #ca/ --------------------------- #ca #hg #abajj d d #ajjhj #hb #e? ,septemb]4 -------------------------------------- ,septemb] #e #ij #abhjj d d #ajghj #hc #aj? #aj #hh #aahjj d #j #ajghj #hd #ae? #ae #hg #aaejj d #ejj #ajihj #he #bj? #bj #hd #ajfjj d d #ajjhj #hb #be? #be #hd #ajfjj d d #ajjhj #hb #cj? --------------------------- #cj #hb #ajjej d d #idcj #gi #e? ,octob]4 -------------------------------------- ,octob] #e #gi #icjj d d #hghj #gf #aj? #aj #gf #hfjj d #gjj #hbhj #gd #ae? #ae #gb #ghjj d d #gdhj #gj #bj? #bj #ff #ffjj d d #fbhj #fc #be? #be #fb #fjjj d d #efhj #ei #ca/ --------------------------- #ca #ef #eajj d d #dghj #ec #e? ,novemb]4 -------------------------------------- ,novemb] #e #eb #dejj d d #dghj #dc #aj? ,,table ,,li4--,calculat$ ,cairo gauges correspond+ to ,assun gauges if bas9 irrigation 7 to be *ang$ into p]5nial irrigation4 #ahgg4 ,date at ,gauges ,dis- ,wat] ,tr\gh ,dis- ,gauges ,date at ,assun4 at *>ges con- ( *>ge at ,cairo4 ,z- at sump- ,nile at ,cairo4 sun4 ,assun4 tion ,assun,cairo4 ,assun to to ,cairo4 ,cairo4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,augu/ #e #dh #dbjj -#hjj -#cjj #cajj #ci #aj? ,augu/4 #aj #ed #eajj -#ajbj d #cghj #df #ae? #ae #eh #egjj d d #dchj #ej #bj? #bj #fd #fejj d d #eahj #ee #be? #be #fa #ehjj d d #ddhj #ea #ca/ --------------------------- #ca #fb #fjjj d d #dfhj #eb #e? ,septemb]4 -------------------------------------- ,septemb] #e #fc #fbjj d d #dhhj #ec #aj? #aj #fa #ehjj d #bjj #dihj #ee #ae? #ae #fa #egjj d d #dhhj #ed #bj? #bj #fj #egjj d d #dhhj #ed #be? #be #fc #fbjj d d #echj #ef #cj? --------------------------- #cj #fa #ehjj d d #dihj #ed #e? ,octob]4 -------------------------------------- ,octob] #e #ef #eajj d d #dbhj #ej #aj? #aj #eb #dejj d d #cfhj #df #ae? #ae #di #dbjj -#iej d #cdej #dd #bj? #bj #df #chjj -#ijj d #cajj #dj #be? #be #de #cfjj -#hej d #biej #ci #ca/ --------------------------- #ca #dj #cajj -#hjj d #bejj #ce #e? ,novemb]4 -------------------------------------- ,novemb] #e #cg #bhjj -#gjj d #bcjj #cc #aj? ,,table ,,lii4--,calculat$ ,cairo gauges correspond+ to ,assun gauges if bas9 irrigation 7 to be *ang$ into p]5nial irrigation4 #ahgh ,date at ,gauges ,dis- ,wat] ,tr\gh ,dis- ,gauges ,date at ,assun4 at *>ges con- ( *>ge at ,cairo4 ,z- at sump- ,nile at ,cairo4 sun4 ,assun4 tion ,assun,cairo4 ,assun to to ,cairo4 ,cairo4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,augu/ #e #ef #edjj -#ajbj -#hjj #cehj #dd #aj? ,augu/4 #aj #ec #fejj d d #dfhj #eb #ae? #ae #gb #hbjj d d #fchj #fc #bj? #bj #ge #hfjj d d #fghj #fe #be? #be #ha #ajjjj d d #hahj #gc #ca/ --------------------------- #ca #gf #hhjj d #hjj #hehj #ge #e? ,septemb]4 -------------------------------------- ,septemb] #e #ha #ajcjj d -#fjj #hehj #ge #aj? #aj #he #aaejj d d #ihhj #hj #ae? #ae #hi #abhjj d d #aaahj #he #bj? #bj #hi #abejj d d #ajhhj #hd #be? #be #ij #abhjj d d #aaahj #he #cj? --------------------------- #cj #ia #acbjj d d #aaehj #hf #e? ,octob]4 -------------------------------------- ,octob] #e #hi #abajj d #djj #aadhj #hf #aj? #aj #he #ajijj d #hjj #ajfhj #hd #ae? #ae #gi #icjj d d #ijhj #hj #bj? #bj #gf #hfjj d d #cchj #gd #be? #be #gd #hbjj d d #gihj #gb #ca/ --------------------------- #ca #fh #gjjj d d #fghj #ff #e? ,novemb]4 -------------------------------------- ,novemb] #e #fc #fbjj d d #eihj #fa #aj? ,app5dix ,l ,,gauges ,,( ,,! ,,nile ,,& ,,its ,,tribut>ies ,,table ,,liii4--,lake ,victoria gauges at ,j9ja ne> ! ,ripon ,falls4 ,mon?s4 #ahih #ahii #aijj ---------------------------------------- ----- ,maxi-,m9i-,mean4,maxi-,m9i-,mean4,maxi- ,m9i-,mean4 mum4 mum4 mum4 mum4 mum4 mum4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,janu>y 44 44 44 #jie #jhi #jij #jdd #jcd #jci ,febru>y 44 44 44 #jia #jhd #jhg #jdc #jcc #jci ,m>* 44 44 44 #jhi #jhc #jhe #jdc #jcc #jch ,april 44 44 44 #jid #jhc #jhd #jdh #jch #jdb ,may 44 44 #aje #aje #jhe #jid #jdh #jdb #jde ,june 44 44 #jif #ajb #jhf #jic #jdg #jda #jde ,july 44 44 #jii #jia #jgi #jhf #jdf #jdd #jde ,augu/ 44 44 #jif #jhe #jef #jfd #jdf #jdc #jde ,septemb] #jii #jic #jie #jef #jdc #jdh #jdc #jcj #jch ,octob] #jih #jia #jie #jdc #jcc #jch #jcj #jag #jbd ,novemb] #jii #jia #jie #jcf #jcc #jce #jai #jaa #jaf ,decemb] #jii #jih #jie #jch #jcc #jce #jch #jae #jbf ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,mean4 44 44 44 44 44 #jgj 44 44 #jcg ,mon?s4 #aija #aijb #aijc ---------------------------------------- ----- ,maxi-,m9i-,mean4,maxi-,m9i-,mean4,maxi- ,m9i-,mean4 mum4 mum4 mum4 mum4 mum4 mum4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,janu>y #jda #jbh #jce #jdj #jcd #jch #jeg #jcc #jdb ,febru>y #jch #jcj #jcf #jdc #jcf #jci #jga #jfb #jfh ,m>* #jeh #jdb #jdh #jda #jcd #jcg #jgg #jff #jga ,april #jhi #jdf #jff #jdd #jci #jdc #jic #jgb #jgh ,may #jie #jha #jhi #jfj #jdd #jed #aaj #jhd #ajj ,june #jic #jgd #jhc #jee #jde #jej #abb #ajg #aae ,july #jgf #jfa #jfh #jdf #jda #jdd #acg #aag #abd ,augu/ #jfd #jdf #jeg #jde #jch #jdb #abb #ajj #aad ,septemb] #jea #jbg #jci #jda #jcg #jci #ajc #jie #jih ,octob] #jea #jcc #jde #jdj #jcb #jce #aag #jii #ajg ,novemb] #jcf #jbi #jcc #jda #jcc #jcg #abg #aje #aaf ,decemb] #jdc #jcd #jdj #jdc #jbh #jcf #abd #aab #aaf ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,mean4 44 44 #jec 44 44 #jda 44 44 #jif ,mon?s4 #aijd --------------- ,maxi-,m9i-,mean4 mum4 mum4 ------------------------ ,janu>y 44 44 44 ,febru>y 44 44 44 ,m>* 44 44 44 ,april 44 44 44 ,may 44 44 44 ,june 44 44 44 ,july 44 44 44 ,augu/ 44 44 44 ,septemb] 44 44 44 ,octob] 44 44 44 ,novemb] 44 44 44 ,decemb] 44 44 44 ------------------------ ,mean4 44 44 44 ,,table ,,liv4--,wadelai gauges4 ,ye>4,date4,jan4,feb4,m>4,apr4,may4,jun4 ,jul4,aug4,sep4,oct4,nov4,dec4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aija #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44#jgd #e 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44#jff #aj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44#jfijff #ae 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44#jfijfd ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44#jfgjfb #be 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44#jgejeh #cj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44#jgdjeh ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44#jgbjfc ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijb #a #jehjcjjbejacjajjaejajjbjjbijccjgajhf #e #jeejcbjbhjjijacjaejaajaijdcjdajgajhi #aj #jecjbgjbejjijad 44#jjhjbejeajchjfajia #ae #jdcjbbjahjjhjafjajjahjahjccjebjhajhf ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #jchjbejbjjajjbejjhjbgjbjjccjffjhfjhe #be #jcfjbhjbjjaajbcjacjbjjccjcjjeajgejhb #cj #jcb 44#jacjajjahjajjaijbhjccjfejhfjgf ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean #jddjbfjbjjjijagjabjaejbdjcgjdijgfjhe ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijc #a #jgfjfijehjecjecjefajbajgajgafjagjaic #e #jgfjfijfajeajefjfajhdaabajgafjagjaic #aj #jgfjfgjegjecjefjgfjhiajgaabafjahcaic #ae #jgdjfajefjdfjehjgijhdaagacgafjahcaic ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #jgdjfcjeejeajffjgijhiaadadeaegahhaic #be #jgdjfajecjdhjfajhaaabaabaebafeaijaij #cj #jgf 44#jecjecjfaajjajgajgafjafhaicaij ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean #jgejfdjefjejjeijggjieaabacbafcahdaib ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijd #a #aijaijagjagj 44#agd 44 44 44 44 44 44 #e #aijaijagcagj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aj #aijahgafiagj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ae #aijaghafhaga 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #aijagcafhaga 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #be #aijagdafhagd 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #cj #aij 44#agaagd 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean #aijahjafiaga 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lv4--,gondokoro gauges4 #aija ,date4,mon?4,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sep-,date4,mon?4 gu/4 tem- b]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,jan4 ,oct4 #a #bb #a #jcd #jdd #jcc #jcd #jfc #a #jda #e #bj #b #jcd #jdb #jcc #jcd #jfc #e #jci #aj #ah #c #jch #jdc #jcb #jce #jfd #aj #jea #ae #ag #d #jdj #jdc #jcc #jcd #jfc #ae #jfj #bj #ab #e #jga #jde #jcc #jdc #jfc #bj #jga ------------------------------ #be #ab #f #jef #jdc #jfj #jed #jfi #be #jfg #cj #ab #g #jeb #jda #jdg #jdd #jfc #cj #jfi ------ ------ ,mean #ae #h #jdf #jda #jcg #jdg #jfg,mean #jfj ----------- ----------- ,feb4 #i #jdb #jda #jei #jfd #jfg ,nov4 #a #ab #aj #jdb #jda #jci #jfc #jfg #a #jfd ------------------------------ #e #ab #aa #jdb #jda #jce #jfb #jfe #e #jfg #aj #ab #ab #jef #jda #jcd #jdf #jff #aj #jfd #ae #aa #ac #jch #jdj #jcd #jda #jfc #ae #jdi #bj #aj #ad #jch #jdj #jef #jdh #jfc #bj #jeg #be #aj #ae #jdj #jdj #jeb #jdf #jef #be #jei ------------------------------ #bh #ji #af #jcf #jdj #jef #jdh #jdg #cj #jfj ------ ------ ,mean #aa #ag #jcd #jdj #jfa #aji #jdc,mean #jfa ----------- ----------- ,m>* #ah #jcf #jdj #jdc #aji #jda ,dec4 #a #aa #ai #jcd #jdj #jce #jfb #jci #a #jfa #e #aj #bj #jcd #jdj #jce #jdf #jcf #e #jei ------------------------------ #aj #aj #ba #jcf #jdj #jcf #jdd #jdc #aj #jeg #ae #ab #bb #jdf #jdj #jcd #jgb #jde #ae #jec #bj #bf #bc #jdj #jdj #jcd #jeb #jdi #bj #jdi #be #bb #bd #jdj #jdj #jce #jed #jde #be #jdg #cj #bg #be #jdb #jcf #jcd #jdc #jde #cj #jde ------------------------------------ ------- ,mean #ah #bf #jeb #jdb #jcf #abd #jdc,mean #jeb ----------- ------------ ,april #bg #jdb #jed #jce #jfg #jda #a #jjh #bh #jdf #jdj #jce #jff #jci #e #jjh #bi #jdf #jcd #jce #jfb #jda #aj #jad #cj #jdf #jcd #jce #jda ------------------------------ #ae #jcb #ca #jdf 44 #jce 44 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jdd ,mean #jdc #jdj #jdj #jeg #jec ------------------------------ #be #jdb #cj #jcj ------ ,mean #jbe #aijb ,date4,mon?4,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sep-,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 tem- b]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,jan4 ,oct4 #a #jde #a #jai #jjf-jja #jdd #jed #a #jdh #e #jdc #b #jbj #jjh #jjb #jcf #jeb #e #jbf #aj #jdc #c #jbb #jad #jjb #jdd #jgd #aj #jed #ae #jdg #d #jbf #jaa #jjd #jed #ajd #ae #jgi #bj #jde #e #jbd #jji #jga #jdi #jid #bj #jhj ------------------------------ #be #jda #f #jai #jji #jcd #jdb #jij #be #jgf #cj #jda #g #jai-jjc #jjh #jdh #abd #cj #jii ------ ------- ,mean #jdc #h #jad #jjd #jjd #aed #jif,mean #jga ----------- ------------ ,feb4 #i #jaf #jji #jjd #aji #jhd ,nov4 #a #jci #aj #jah #jjf-jja #aeb #ajd #a #ajg ------------------------------ #e #jcf #aa #jcd #jjc-jja #adi #jii #e #jgg #aj #jce #ab #jfj #jjg #jjd #add #jgg #aj #jhd #ae #jcc #ac #jdh #jjb #jjd #adb #jgd #ae -- #bj #jcc #ad #jdd-jja #jbd #adf #jhd #bj #abc #be #jcf #ae #jea-jjf #jjd #adb #jif #be #jii ------------------------------ #bh #jdj #af #jde-jjc #jjb #adb #abh #cj #jif ------ ------- ,mean #jce #ag #jci-jja-jja #add #jid,mean #ajj ----------- ------------ ,m>* #ah #jec-jjh-jja #ach #jid ,dec4 #a #jcd #ai #jeg-jjf #jji #acb #jhd #a #jid #e #jcf #bj #jfd-jjc #jab #ach #jhi #e #jid #aj #jch #ba #jdf-jjf #jdj #adf #jhb #aj #jib #ae #jdf #bb #jci-jji #jhg #aeb #jgf #ae #jhi #bj #jej #bc #jcj-jad #jdh #afb #jfb #bj #jhe #be #jcd #bd #jbgjjd #jcj #agd #jfd #be #jha #cj #jbf #be #jbd #jja #jbf #aeb #jia #cj #jgd ------------------------------------ ------- ,mean #jdj #bf #jai #jjb #jbd #jed #jff,mean #jhg ----------- ------------ ,april #bg #jaf-jjf #jbb #jid #jfb #a #jad #bh #jad-jjd #jbb #jgd #jed #e #jac #bi #jaa-jja #jdf #jgj #jed #aj #jjd #cj #jjg-jjb #jed 44 #jeg ------------------------------ #ae -#jja #ca #jjd 44 #jeh #jfj 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jai ,mean #jcj #jja #jai #aji #jhb ------------------------------ #be #jje #cj #jac ------ ,mean #jjg #aijc ,date4,mon?4,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sep-,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 tem- b]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,jan4 ,oct4 #a #jgd #a #jgb #aae #acg #aee #ahf #a #bah #e #jga #b #agj #ajf #ach #aeg #ahb #e #baa #aj #jff #c #jfh #ajf #adf #afe #aij #aj #bab #ae #jfc #d #jfh #ajf #adc #afe #bed #ae #bde #bj #jfc #e #jgj #ajj #aci #agb #bbd #bj #bjf ------------------------------ #be #jfa #f #jih #aaj #add #afa #bbc #be #bbj #cj #jfc #g #jib #afa #adf #agc #bga #cj #bbj ------ ------- ,mean #jfe #h #jhe #acf #aea #baf #bej,mean #baf ----------- ------------ ,feb4 #i #jhi #ace #adi #bjh #bcc ,nov4 #a #jfb #aj #ajf #aaj #adf #bjc #bbi #a #bbj ------------------------------ #e #jfa #aa #jhj #ajg #ada #bej #bbd #e #bac #aj #jfc #ab #adb #ajf #ade #bjc #baf #aj #bje #ae #jeh #ac #adh #aji #aef #bjg #bji #ae #aib #bj #jei #ad #jhe #ajh #adi #ahf #bjg #bj #aia #be #jef #ae #jhe #ajf #ace #bab #bbj #be #aij ------------------------------ #bh #jec #af #jhi #aee #adj #aii #bbc #cj #agg ------ ------- ,mean #jei #ag #jhf #adg #ace #aij #bcg,mean #aif ----------- ------------ ,m>* #ah #jhe #add #adj #aic #bdh ,dec4 #a #jea #ai #jhe #adj #adj #ahf #beg #a #agg #e #jea #bj #jhf #add #adj #ahe #bgj #e #jhi ------------------------------ #aj #jea #ba #jhf #adj #ada #aij #bgf #aj #jhf #ae #jea #bb #ace #aeb #aeb #aie #bgf #ae #jha #bj #jeb #bc #aeb #adj #afa #ahf #bif #bj #jgi #be #jea #bd #ajb #adj #aeb #ahb #bif #be #jgi #cj #jej #be #ajj #acg #aee #ahc #beh #cj #jgf ------------------------------------ ------- ,mean #jea #bf #jig #abg #aef #bbj #bde,mean #jhh ----------- ------------ ,april4 #bg #ajc #acj #afg #baf #bcc #a #jej #bh #ajj #acb #afa #bjg #bbc #e #jdh #bi #jij #adc #afe #ahb #bbj #aj #jdh #cj #jhi #ace #afc #ahh #bah ------------------------------ #ae #jee #ca #jia 44 #aeb #aij 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jeg ,mean #jie #abg #adh #aia #bcf ------------------------------ #be #jeg #cj #jfd ------ ,mean #jec #aijd ,date4,mon?4,date4 ,may4,june4 -------------------------- #a #jgi #a #jfh #jij #e #jgh #b #jfh #jij #aj #jgh #c #jgj #jij #ae #jgf #d #jgj #jij #bj #jhd #e #jgj #jij --------------- #be #jhd #f #jgj #jhh #cj #jhb #g #jfh #jhd ------ ,mean4 #jhj #h #jfh #jhj ----------- ,feb4 #i #jfh #jgf #a #jhb #aj #jfh #jgf --------------- #e #jhj #aa #jgh #jgd #aj #jgd #ab #jgh #jgb #ae #jgb #ac #jhd #jgd #bj #jgj #ad #jhd #jgb #be #jfh #ae #jhj #jgb --------------- #bh #jgd #af #jhj #jgj ------ ,mean4 #jgc #ag #jgf #jgj ----------- ,m>* #ah #jgh #jgj #a #jfh #ai #jhj #jgd #e #jgj #bj #jhj #jhb --------------- #aj #jff #ba #jhd #jgj #ae #jff #bb #jhh #jgj #bj #jff #bc #jhh #jgd #be #jhd #bd #jhh #jgh #cj #jij #be #ajj #jgd --------------------- ,mean4 #jga #bf #jhh #jhh ----------- ,april4 #bg #jhd #jgh #a #jgd #bh #jhd #jhd #e #jgb #bi #jhd #jhb #aj #jgb #cj #jij #jhh --------------- #ae #jhj #ca 44 44 --------------- #bj #jhd ,mean4 #jgi #jgi #be #jgd --------------- #cj 44 ------ ,mean4 #jgg ,,table ,,lvi4--,mongalla gauges4 #aijc ,date4,mon?4,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sep-,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 tem- b]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,janu- ,octob]4 #a ary4 #a #afe #aic #bai #beb #a #bhc #e #b #adg #ahi #bej #bde #e #bhc #aj #c #adg #agi #bcd #beh #aj #bha #ae #d #aea #ahf #bcj #bgc #ae #bia #bj #e #age #aia #bbh #bhe #bj #bhj ------------------------- #be #f #aif #ahf #bba #bij #be #bhj #cj #g #age #ahb #bad #cjb #cj #bhg ------ -------- ,mean4 #h #aia #age #bab #caf,mean4 #bhc ----------- ------------- ,febru- #i #ahi #ahd #bei #cad,nov4 #a ary4 #aj #ahi #ahd #bfc #cjh #a #bhd ------------------------------ #e #aa #aeh #ahb #bgc #bij #e #bha #aj #ab #aeh #age #bgc #bhd #aj #bha #ae #ac #afa #age #bfh #bhb #ae #bgi #bj #ad #afa #aic #bff #bhb #bj #bff #be #ae #aih #ahf #bfc #bhb #be #bce ------------------------------ #bh #af #aih #ahf #beb #bhd #cj #bbg ------ -------- ,mean4 #ag #baj #ahi #bef #bib,mean4 #bfd ----------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah #baj #ahb #bef #cjf;,dec4 #a #ai #baj #aif #bfc #cab #a #bbf #e #bj #ahb #aic #bfc #cah #e #bba ------------------------------ #aj #ba #aie #bjj #bei #ccj #aj #bag #ae #bb #ahi #bjj #bfe #cdj #ae #bad #bj #bc #ahf #bje #bff #ceb #bj #baj #be #bd #ahb #bje #bfc #ced #be #bjc #cj #be #age #bjg #bfa #cdb #cj #bjb ------------------------------------ -------- ,mean4 #bf #agb #bjg #bdi #ccb,mean4 #bac ----------- ------------- ,april4 #a #jhc #bg #age #bab #beb #cah #e #jhg #bh #afh #bac #beb #cje #aj #jij #bi #ahi #baf 44 #cjj #ae #jhi #cj #aic #bba 44 #bib ------------------------------ #bj #jif #ca 44 #bba ------------------------------ #be #aad ,mean4 #ahb #aif #bdi #big ------------------------------ #cj #jii ------ ,mean4 #jib #aijd ,date4,mon?4,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sep-,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 tem- b]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,janu- ,octo- ary4 b]4 #a #bjc #a #aia #bag #e #bjj #b #ahi #bbd #aj #aih #c #ahi #bag #ae #aig #d #ahi #bba #bj #aif #e #ahi #bag ------------------------------ #be #aib #f #aif #bag #cj #aia #g #ahi #bad ------ ,mean4 #aig #h #ahi #baj ----------- ,febru- ary4 #i #ahi #bjg #a #aia #aj #ahi #bjc ------------------------------ #e #ahi #aa #aif #bjj #aj #ahf #ab #bjc #bjj #ae #ahb #ac #baj #bjj #bj #ahb #ad #bjc #bjj #be #ahb #ae #bjg #bjj ------------------------------ #bh #ahb #af #bjc #aif ------ ,mean4 #ahe #ag #bjc #aif ----------- ,m>*4 #ah #bjc #aif #a #ahb #ai #bjc #baj #e #aha #bj #bjg #bjc ------------------------------ #aj #agi #ba #bjg #bjj #ae #ahb #bb #bag #aih #bj #agg #bc #bag #aih #be #agi #bd #bag #bjj #cj #aif #be #bba #bjg ------------------------------------ ,mean4 #ahb #bf #bba #bjg ----------- ,april4 #a #aic #bg #bag #baj #e #ahb #bh #bad #baj #aj #ahb #bi #bab #bjg #ae #aic #cj #baj #bjc #bj #bjg ------------------------------ #be #aif #ca #bba #cj #ahi ,mean4 #bjc #bjg ------ ------------------------- ,mean4 #aia ,,table ,,lvii4--,sobat ,riv] gauges at ,nass]4 ,ye>4,date4,jan4,feb4,m>4,apr4,may4,jun4 ,jul4,aug4,sep4,oct4,nov4,dec4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijc #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #fcj 44 #e 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #fcj 44 #aj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #fbh 44 #ae 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #fbd 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #fah 44 #be 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #fdffad 44 #cj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #fbi 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #fbc 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijd #a #eaabjbabfbjjaifdei 44 44 44 44 44 44 #e #diiaibacdbjjbbfdfh 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aj #ddiahbadjahbbhhdhb 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ae #chhafjahfaijcdbejb 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #bibaejbadbchdaj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #be #bbdacfahhbch 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #cj #baj 44 #bjjbjj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean#cdcafdagabjg 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lviii4--,sobat ,riv] gauges at ,dulaib ,hilla4 ,ye>4,date4,jan4,feb4,m>4,apr4,may4,jun4 ,jul4,aug4,sep4,oct4,nov4,dec4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijc #a 44 44 44 44 #jjjaaaagabcjbhjcbfcdhceb #e 44 44 44 44 #jjiabbahjbcibhfcbgcdhceb #aj 44 44 44 44 #jbhacfahgbdebicccfcdicec #ae 44 44 44 44 #jdjaecaiebebcjecdbcdiced ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj 44 44 44 44 #jfbaefbjhbegcaacddcejcec #be 44 44 44 44 #jhaafebahbgjcafcdecejcea #cj 44 44 44 44 #ajjagjbbhbgdcbfcdgceacde ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 #jdgadfaiibedcjccdjcdicea ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijd #a #cdbaibjicjhhjhaaefbjj 44 44 44 44 44 #e #ccfafejhgjhhjgcafe 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aj #caiadbjhhjhfjhfafg 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ae #cjdabdjiajghjiiagb 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #bgdaabjigjhaabaahc 44 44 44 44 44 44 #be #bcfajjajjjijaciaij 44 44 44 44 44 44 #cj #bja 44 #jiajhdadiaih 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean#bggacjjibjheajhagf 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lix4-- ,:ite ,nile gauges at ,tewfikieh4 ,ye>4,date4,jan4,feb4,m>4,apr4,may4,jun4 ,jul4,aug4,sep4,oct4,nov4,dec4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijc #a 44 44 44 44 #jbdaaiagabaabgfcdgceccef #e 44 44 44 44 #jbdacjaghbaebhfceecedceh #aj 44 44 44 44 #jcdadbahh 44 #cjgccicedceh #ae 44 44 44 44 #jecaeaahi 44 #cbjcdaceecei ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj 44 44 44 #jbbjgdaehbja 44 #cbfcdfcefcei #be 44 44 44 #jbd 44 #afabji 44 #ccgcejceeceh #cj 44 44 44 #jbd 44 #afibaf 44 #cdfcebcefceg ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 #adhaid 44 #caecddceeceh ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijd #a #cegbjgjigjiajhdaef 44 44 44 44 44 44 #e #cedagfjiajiajgdafg 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aj #cdhadhjibjhijhfafi 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ae #ccfabejidjhaajbagd 44 #bgi 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #cajajiajjjhdabeahg 44 #bhg 44 44 44 44 #be #bfiajgajcjicadcaid 44 #bib 44 44 44 44 #cj #bbc 44 #jigjhdaecbjb 44 #bih 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean#cafacgjifjhhaaaagi 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lx4--,duem gauges4 ,ye>4,date4,jan4,feb4,m>4,apr4,may4,jun4 ,jul4,aug4,sep4,oct4,nov4,dec4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aija #a 44 #jiajffjdcjfajeiadcbhhdajcdjbdjbab #e 44 #jijjffjdjjfdjffaddcahdbhccfbcebaj #aj 44 #jhhjfjjdfjfbjggaedcchdafbijbccbjj #ae 44 #jhejeajbgjeajiaaghchjdbbbgjbbhahf ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj 44 #jhjjdgjcfjebajhaifdabdjhbhebcjahj #be 44 #jgejdejdfjebabbaihdabcgjbchbcjafd #cj 44 #jfhjdejehjeaacbbdhdjdcdfbdbbadadf ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean 44 #jhbjedjdbjefjidahjcfedjjbhdbcjahe ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijb #a #achjghjfjjeijefjggabhbabcebcejbcf 44 #e #abdjgdjehjfbjebjhaadjbbjcdicdhbbf 44 #aj #aafjgcjeajehjdijieadhbeecfbccfbbj 44 #ae #ajgjffjedjehjedajdafjbhbcgbcjjbadbjb ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #jiejfjjfjjeejeiajhagbbiacgbbfhbaaaii #be #jijjfjjffjfajffaadahicagcehbegbjjbja #cj #jhjjfjjfbjegjgdabdbajcebceabdebjjaih ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean #ajgjfgjeijehjehajjafdbgecfjcjjbae 44 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #aijc #a #aijajdjgbjdajchjgdacaabgdccdahcacbcd #e #aijajbjgajdjjcdjhbacdbfbdcjdjacjbbaf #aj #agejiijfdjdbjccjihaedcahddhchbbhbaif #ae #adejhijeejdajcfajgagdcgjdchcfbbffaib ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #acijhhjdhjchjdaabjahjchddahccfbefahd #be #abjjhjjdgjcgjebabhbjcdabdbhcdjbdbagf #cj #ajfjggjdbjcgjfaaccbbddbbdbbcdabcfagj ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean #aebjijjegjdjjdbajfagjcdbdcjcgjbgjaie ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #aijd #a #agjachjhhjbfjaijbdjejbjjbfd 44 44 44 #e #affacbjffjcjjahjcjjeabijbhj 44 44 44 #aj #afbabhjejjbhjafjdjjgjcdjcjj 44 44 44 #ae #afjabjjcejbejaejdajiecae 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #aedaadjcjjbbjadjdhacjbgj 44 44 44 44 #be #adfajjjbhjbajbbjdiaeebde 44 44 44 44 #cj #adjjidjbfjaijbdjejaijbfd 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean #aegaahjdfjbdjahjdjajfbge 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lxi4--,wad ,m$ani gauges4 #aija ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,octob]4 44 44 44 44 44 44 #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #e 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ae 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #bj 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #be 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #cj 44 -------- 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,mean4 ------------- ,febru>y 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,novemb4 44 44 44 44 44 44 #a #ddi 44 44 44 44 44 44 #e #dai 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aj #che 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ae #cec 44 44 44 44 44 44 #bj #cbe 44 44 44 44 44 44 #be #cjg 44 44 44 44 44 44 #cj #cja -------- 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,mean4 #ceh ------------- ,m>* 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,decemb4 44 44 44 44 44 44 #a #bhi 44 44 44 44 44 44 #e #bfg 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aj #bdg 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ae #bcc 44 44 44 44 44 44 #bj #bai 44 44 44 44 44 44 #be #bje 44 44 44 44 44 44 #cj #aia -------- 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,mean4 #bcc ------------- ,april 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aijb ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #ahi #a #jci #aei #chj #gef #ifb #a #iid #e #aha #b #jcc #baa #chj #ghfajab #e #icj #aj #afi #c #jcc #baa #cgj #gidajdb #aj #hjj #ae #afa #d #jcg #bjg #chj #hcbajcb #ae #gch #bj #aee #e #jci #bjc #daf #hdbajcj #bj #gjh ------------------------------ #be #adi #f #jda #aig #ddf #hefajaj #be #ffh #cj #aci #g #jci #aia #dfh #hgfajdj #cj #fad --------- -------- ,mean4 #afb #h #jci #aig #dfd #hhfajej,mean4 #gfe -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i #jcg #bbe #def #ijjajdj ,nov4 #a #acg #aj #jce #bae #dch #iajajdj #a #eij ------------------------------ #e #aca #aa #jda #bjj #ddh #iadajbh #e #eff #aj #aba #ab #jdh #agg #dbh #iafajfj #aj #ebd #ae #aac #ac #jea #afg #def #iadajgj #ae #did #bj #ajg #ad #jfa #afa #dgj #ijbajdh #bj #dgd #be #ajc #ae #jgg #afe #dhf #hifajbh #be #dfj ------------------------------ #bh #jii #af #jhi #aii #dhj #hffajcb #cj #dbh --------- -------- ,mean4 #aae #ag #jhg #beg #eaj #hffajcb,mean4 #ejb -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah #aja #big #ebj #hifajjj ,dec4 #a #jih #ai #jie #cbg #edj #idhajcj #a -- #e #jia #bj #jic #cci #edhajjhajbf #e #djj ------------------------------ #aj #jgi #ba #jga #cci #edbajjjajjj #aj #cgc #ae #jhg #bb #jfa #cai #eff #iff #ihj #ae #ced #bj #aja #bc #jfe #cjd #egj #idf #ihj #bj #cdj #be #jhd #bd #jfa #bid #eff #iebajjj #be #cah #cj #jfg #be #jeg #cjd #egf #iibajaj #cj #bid --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #jhg #bf #jfa #chi #egdajbf #iij,mean4 #cea -------------- ------------- ,april4 #a #jfc #bg #jfe #dbi #egbajdf #iie #e #jee #bh #jga #dbd #fcfajebajjj #aj #jdc #bi #jia #dbd #fgiajcbajbf #ae #jdc #cj #jaa #dbh #gjfajjbajbf ------------------------------ #bj #jea #ca #jba #gbh #igb ------------------------------ #be #jeg ,mean4 #jef #bfe #eji #ibaajbj ------------------------------ #cj #jda --------- ,mean4 #jej #aijc ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #bhh #a #jif #cae #dga #ggeaajb #a #idh #e #bgj #b #jif #cbe #ebg #iaaajfh #e #hhd #aj #bef #c #jid #che #efa #ihaajdd #aj #hdb #ae #bdf #d #jib #dje #ehaajaaajdj #ae #gid #bj #bcf #e #jij #cfa #eheajaaajej #bj #hhd ------------------------------ #be #bbf #f #jhh #cfe #fajajjgajfd #be #hbe #cj #baf #g #jhh #cdi #fbcajbaajef #cj #gcc --------- -------- ,mean4 #bdb #h #jij #cda #fdeajaeajej,mean4 #hda -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i #jhf #cfc #fee #iiiajgd ,nov4 #a #bab #aj #jhb #cgi #feg #ihiajeb #a #gai ------------------------------ #e #bjd #aa #jhd #cij #fhaajaiajdf #e #ffh #aj #bjj #ab #jhf #dbj #gjcajeiajdj #aj #fab #ae #aij #ac #jhh #dcj #gacajgaajjf #ae #egj #bj #ahd #ad #jib #ddb #fggajeg #iif #bj #eee #be #agb #ae #jih #dfd #fgdajcb #iib #be #ead ------------------------------ #bh #agj #af #ajb #dhb #fegajdi #iid #cj #dif --------- -------- ,mean4 #aia #ag #ajf #dgj #fiaajda #iib,mean4 #ehc -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah #aad #dfb #gjeajdi #iif ,dec4 #a #afh #ai #abf #deb #gjeajdiajab #a #dib #e #afj #bj #adj #dcb #gciajgcajcb #e #dhj ------------------------------ #aj #aeb #ba #aff #dcj #hjaajgaajdb #aj #ded #ae #add #bb #agf #dbh #gigajgaajef #ae #ddj #bj #acd #bc #aib #dbh #ghaajdgajeb #bj #daj #be #acb #bd #bjf #dbe #ghgajciajdf #be #chd #cj #acj #be #bbj #dea #ggeajciajcb #cj #cfj --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #add #bf #bgd #dca #gggajdgajah,mean4 #dbh -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg #aea #dba #ghjajda #igb #a #abd #bh #cdc #dag #ggcajfa #idb #e #aaj #bi #cci #dac #gggajfg #ibd #aj #aaj #cj #ccd #dda #gfgajhj #ibb ------------------------------ #ae #ajh #ca #cbe #ggjajib ------------------------------ #bj #ajd ,mean4 #aej #daj #fibajbhajbc ------------------------------ #be #jih #cj #jih --------- ,mean4 #ajf #aijd ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 #a #cfd #a #aej #bcf #dbd #ifj #iej #e #cef #b #adh #bej #dehajcj #ieh #aj #cdh #c #aff #bhh #dhbajaj #iej #ae #ccf #d #aff #ccb #ebb #iij #iej #bj #cae #e #afd #cdj #eeb #igj #idj ------------------------------ #be #cjh #f #afd #cbh #eeb #ifj #icj #cj #bhj #g #afb #cbd #ebb #idj #icj --------- ,mean4 #cbh #h #afd #cjh #dib #iej #ibj -------------- ,febru>y4 #i #aef #bih #dhb #iej #ibj #a #bgf #aj #afb #cjj #dif #idj #ibi ------------------------------ #e #beh #aa #aff #bhf #ehj #icj #icj #aj #bdf #ab #agf #bgh #fah #ibj #icj #ae #bbb #ac #ahj #bgh #faj #ibj #idj #bj #bjf #ad #bjj #bdf #fdh #ibj #idd #be #ahf #ae #bjj #bcd #gab #ijj ------------------------------ #bh #agh #af #ahh #bcb #fib #hhj --------- ,mean4 #bbc #ag #ahh #bcj #fij #hhj -------------- ,m>*4 #ah #ahb #bcd #fhj #hij #a #agb #ai #afd #bcd #fgj #hif #e #agj #bj #agj #bcd #fhj #iaj ------------------------------ #aj #afd #ba #agb #bej #gaj #ijj #ae #aej #bb #agb #bdb #gcj #iaj #bj #add #bc #afh #bdh #gbj #ibj #be #agj #bd #agf #beb #gdj #iaj #cj #ahj #be #aih #bed #gej #icj --------------------------------------- ,mean4 #afd #bf #bdf #bfh #hjd #igb -------------- ,april4 #bg #bej #bhj #hbb #iej #a #ahj #bh #beb #bid #hjj #icj #e #agf #bi #bdh -- #hjd #ibj #aj #afd #cj #bdf #cih #hgj #icj ------------------------------ #ae #aeh #ca #bcf #ibj #icj ------------------------------ #bj #aej ,mean4 #ahf #bgf #feb #icd ------------------------------ #be #aej #cj #aej --------- ,mean4 #afj ,,table ,,lxii4--,kh>t\m gauges4 ,date4 #ahgd #ahgg ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,may,june,july,aug4,sep4,oct4 ,may,june,july,aug4,sep4,oct4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #a 44 #ajabejefjgahfff 44 #igbhaebjdigdcj #b 44 #ajfbejefegahfff 44 #igbggdgidigdcj #c 44 #abbbejeghgbbfee 44 #igbfhdgidhddbe #d 44 #addbeiehegbgfej 44 #igbeddeddhhdba #e 44 #aeebfhfjagbgfda 44 #igbedddcdhhdba ---------------------------------------- ------------- #f 44 #afjbfhfadgbjfcj 44 #ibbfhddcdhhdba #g 44 #afjbgefbcgacfbf 44 #jabhfdffdigdab #h #jgahjbhffcbgahfai 44 #hhbiedhddigdab #i #adaihbiifdfgahfjh 44 #hccjddhddigcih #aj #ejaihcjdfeegaceib #jb #hccbbdhddigcih ---------------------------------------- ------------- #aa #ejagfcbbffhgjiegh #jb #hhccedigdigcih #ab #hfagfccafgggacefe #jbabdcceejfejjcih #ac #igagfcbbfhdgbbefe #jbacgcbbejfejfcih #ad #igagfcdifhdgahefj #jbacgcbbejfejfchg #ae #iiahjchjfiagjieea #jbafjcehdigeaachg ---------------------------------------- ------------- #af #ajdahedjcgjdgjdedd #jbagccfbdigeaa 44 #ag #aaeaiadabgacgjdech #jbbjecfgdigejf 44 #ah #abhaiadbegjdgjdeca #jbaifcfgdigdig 44 #ai #aceaiadebgjjficeaa #jbahgchidigdig 44 #bj #aehaiadfagjdfhidig #jbahgdjcdigdig 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #ba #aggaifdhdfiafhidhd #aaahgdabdicdig 44 #bb #afjaifdhhgjjfhbdgj #cdaifdbadicdhd 44 #bc #adfbjjdigficfhbdfa #chbjedcjejbdhd 44 #bd #accbjeeaafiafhfddc #fhbbgdabejbdgi 44 #be #abfbjieaafihfhbdcj #ijbbgdabejbdge 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bf #aaibahecagjjfhbdbaajabaddabeaedgj 44 #bg #aaibcfedbgjjfgcdajaaibaddbaeaedff 44 #bh #aaibdaeeagjjfffdajaccbadddceaedeg 44 #bi #ajhbdaeeagacfffdajabhbdadfaebddeg 44 #cj #ajabdaeeagjifffdajaaibgbdgjebddci 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #ca #aja 44 #eefgac 44 #dajajf 44 #dggejf 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean 44 #ahecihffggjaecd 44 #aedcfjdiedhi 44 ,date4 #ahgh ----------------------------- ,may,june,july,aug4,sep4 ,oct4 ----------------------------- #a 44 #jbbfcdcjfdfgbj #b 44 #jhbedddafeigaa #c 44 #fabejdgjffdgah #d 44 #gibdeeaafgegjj #e 44 #aacbdeecafhbfhb ----------------------------- #f 44 #adbbfhechfhifgc #g 44 #adibggeeafihffh #h 44 #aeebieeeafieffd #i 44 #ahibigeeagjdfei #aj #jeafbbigeeagjifee ----------------------------- #aa #jeafbcjdehegafffd #ab #jeafbcbieidgbefce #ac #jeafdcddfjcgbefcj #ad #jeagcceafjegcaebf #ae #jeahjceafabgcafai ----------------------------- #af #jeahjceafbagcffab #ag #jeaghceafbagdjfjh #ah #jeagcceafadgdgfjc #ai #jeaficgffjhgdgeif #bj #jeagadjcfjagefeib ----------------------------- #ba #jeahjdjgfjagehegh #bb -#jbagfdjeeghgehegb #bc #jj #ahbdajefggebefe #bd #jj #bjedcjegfgdceef #be #adbbadcjeibgdcedf ----------------------------- #bf #aabbedbaeibgdcech #bg #jebbgdbaeidgchedi #bh -#jbbdadbafadgchebd #bi #jebejdbcfadgchebj #cj #jbbfadcjfcbgbg 44 ----------------------------- #ca #jb 44 #dcjfdd 44 44 ----------------------------- ,mean 44 #afbcdiegdfhgfaf ,,table ,,lxii4--,kh>t\m gauges4 #aija ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #aea #a #jde #jdg #bce #dij #faj #a #dcf #e #add #b #jdh #jej #beh #dif #faj #e #djd #aj #acj #c #jdf #jfj #bge #ejj #fje #aj #cfj #ae #aag #d #jdb #jfd #bgj #eje #ejh #ae #cdd #bj #aje #e #jdb #jha #beg #eje #fjh #bj #cbh ------------------------------ #be #jic #f #jdb #jhb #bfj #eab #eid #be #cab #cj #jhd #g #jdj #jhe #bfj #ebh #ehh #cj #bia --------- -------- ,mean4 #aae #h #jci #jhd #bgj #edj #eia,mean4 #cdh -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i #jcg #jhj #bhb #edg #eie ,novem4 #a #jhd #aj #jcd #jgg #bij #eee #eih #a #bhc ------------------------------ #e #jha #aa #jcd #jih #bib #ede #eib #e #bfg #aj #jgc #ab #jcb #abh #big #edj #eih #aj #bdc #ae #jfg #ac #jcg #aci #cjj #eef #eih #ae #bbh #bj #jfj #ad #jbe #aea #cjh #egj #fjj #bj #baf #be #jde #ae #jbe #agj #cag #ehe #eif #be #bjj ------------------------------ #bh #jdd #af #jbe #afj #ccj #ehi #eic #cj #ahg --------- ------------- ,mean4 #jff #ag #jai #adi #ccj #eif #ehb,mean4 #bbi -------------- ------------- ,m>* #ah #jjh #adg #cch #eif #egd ,decem4 #a #jdc #ai #jjh #aej #cdc #eif #eef #a #ahg #e #jci #bj #jad #aee #cej #faj #edj #e #ahc ------------------------------ #aj #jbh #ba #jai #afc #cej #fje #eah #aj #age #ae #jbj #bb #jbb #ahj #ceg #eih #eah #ae #aeh #bj #jae #bc #jab #bje #ced #fja #eaj #bj #aej #be #jji #bd #jae #bbf #ced #fje #ejj #be #ace #cj #jjh #be #jbj #bbj #ceh #eig #dhi #cj #aaf --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #jbb #bf #jah #bjj #cgd #ehj #dhd,mean4 #aef -------------- ------------- ,april #bg #jbe #aie #daj #efh #dgh #a #jjf #bh #jbg #aih #dbh #efh #dgj #e #jje #bi #jcd #aih #dfe #ehe #deh #aj -#jje #cj #jde #baj #dhc #ehi #ddi ------------------------------ #ae -#jjg #ca #jde 44 #dhe #fjc 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jaa ,mean4 #jcj #ach #ccb #efc #eeg ------------------------------ #be #jbg #cj 44 --------- ,mean4 #jji #aijb ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #aac #a #jje #jaj #ahj #ccd #ebj #a #ead #e #ajc #b #jje #jbc #ahg #ceb #ebj #e #dhh #aj #jhd #c #jjd #jda #agi #cfb #ebc #aj #dde #ae #jgc #d #jja #jee #age #cga #ebg #ae #chf #bj #jfc #e #jjb #jgd #agj #cgi #ebg #bj #cfc ------------------------------ #be #jed #f -#jaj #jgf #agf #cid #ebg #be #cce #cj #jej #g -#jjh #jgh #ahe #djj #ebh #cj #cje --------- -------- ,mean4 #jge #h -#jje #jgf #bjc #dbj #ecc,mean4 #cig -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i -#jje #jge #bac #dcj #edj ,novemb4 #a #jdh #aj -#jjf #jgg #baf #dch #edj #a #cjj ------------------------------ #e #jde #aa -#jjg #jhd #bjg #ddj #ecf #e #bhd #aj #jch #ab -#jjd #ajj #bji #dej #ece #aj #bfj #ae #jcc #ac -#jjd #jhd #bje #ddh #ech #ae #bdd #bj #jbe #ad -#jja #jgh #bad #dej #eej #bj #bbd #be #jai #ae #jja #jge #bag #dej #edb #be #bah ------------------------------ #bh #jae #af #jjd #jgb #bbd #ddh #edj #cj #bjh --------- -------- ,mean4 #jcb #ag #jjc #jfi #bbi #dde #edj,mean4 #bdf -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah #jjh #jgd #bcc #dci #edj ,decemb4 #a #jad #ai #jah #jhd #bcd #dej #ecj #a #bjf #e #jaj #bj #jad #ajf #bcf #dfa #eci #e #aid ------------------------------ #aj #jji #ba #jad #abd #beb #dhg #ecj #aj #ahc #ae #jjg #bb #jaf #acf #bed #dic #ebd #ae #aga #bj #jae #bc #jaf #abg #bef #dic #eab #bj #afb #be #jai #bd #jji #abi #bfb #dij #eaj #be #aee #cj #jjg #be #jaj #aba #bfd #dij #eaj #cj #adc --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #jaa #bf #jaa #aae #bfi #ejj #eaj,mean4 #aga -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg #jaf #acj #bfi #eag #eje #a #jjg #bh #jad #aei #bgi #ecj #ejc #e -#jjb #bi #jji #age #bid #ecd #ejf #aj #jja #cj #jaj #agc #bif #ecj #eaf ------------------------------ #ae -#jjg #ca #jaa 44 #cbd #ecj 44 ------------------------------ #bj -#jja ,mean4 #jje #jij #bcj #dej #ebf ------------------------------ #be -#jjd #cj #jja -------------- ,mean4 -#jja #aijc ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #adj #a -#jaf #aje #aed #cej #fbd #a #eej #e #acj #b -#jbj #aje #afj #chj #fcj #e #edj #aj #aba #c -#jbc #jih #agh #dje #fae #aj #eae #ae #aaj #d -#jbf #jih #aie #ddj #fbj #ae #dej #bj #ajb #e -#jbf #aaf #bac #dfj #fbj #bj #ddh ------------------------------ #be #jhg #f -#jbc #adj #baj #dge #fae #be #ddj #cj #jgc #g -#jbc #adj #baj #dhg #fab #cj #djj --------- ------- ,mean4 #ajg #h -#jbc #acf #bbj #die #fae,mean4 #dgd -------------- ------------ ,febru>y4 #i -#jbb #acj #bce #ejf #fbd ,novem4 #a #jfe #aj -#jbd #abe #bdh #ejf #fad #a #che ------------------------------ #e #jfa #aa -#jbh #abe #bee #eaj #fae #e #cfj #aj #jdg #ab -#jbd #acj #beh #ece #fje #aj #cbe #ae #jdb #ac -#jbf #ada #bge #eee #eif #ae #cjj #bj #jci #ad -#jbe #aef #bhj #efe #eij #bj #bfe #be #jbe #ae -#jbf #afe #bhj #eee #ehf #be #bfj ------------------------------ #bh #jbb #af -#jbf #age #bge #egj #eie #cj #bde --------- ------- ,mean4 #jdc #ag -#jbc #ahe #bge #ehj #ehh,mean4 #cja -------------- ------------ ,m>*4 #ah -#jba #bjj #bge #egj #ehh ,decem4 #a #jbb #ai -#jai #aij #bhe #ehj #ehe #a #bdj #e #jai #bj -#jah #ahe #bie #ehj #eij #e #bcj ------------------------------ #aj #jac #ba -#jad #agj #cje #eij #eie #aj #bji #ae #jjh #bb -#jji #afj #cbe #eie #fjj #ae #aic #bj #jjd #bc -#jjb #aee #cdj #fjj #faj #bj #aij #be -#jje #bd #jab #aee #cdj #fjj #faj #be #ahh #cj -#jaa #be #jbf #aef #cdj #fjc #fjh #cj #ahj --------------------------------------- ------- ,mean4 #jjf #bf #jcc #aeh #cdb #fjh #fjb,mean4 #bja -------------- ------------ ,april4 #bg #jdj #afj #cdb #fjj #ehe #a -#jaa #bh #jec #afa #cdb 44 #ehj #e -#jac #bi #jij #aed #cde 44 #efj #aj -#jaj #cj #jih #aed #cde #fae #eee ------------------------------ #ae -#jad #ca #aja 44 #cde #fbh 44 ------------------------------ #bj -#jab ,mean4-#jja #adg #bgc #ecf #fja ------------------------------ #be -#jaf #cj -#jah --------- ,mean4 -#jac #aijd ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 #a #ahj #a #jae #jfa #ace #ejj #edh 44 44 #e #agh #b #jae #jfj #aee #ecj #eeh 44 44 #aj #agj #c #jae #jfj #agi #eej #eeh 44 44 #ae #aei #d #jaj #jfc #bae #eej #eed 44 44 #bj #aee #e #jaj #jgj #bdj #eee #eed 44 44 ---------------------------------------- --- #be #aej #f #jab #jib #bfh #efj #eej 44 44 #cj #aej #g #jbi #aag #bgf #eeh #eej 44 44 --------- ,mean4 #aei #h #jaj #abc #bgf #eeh #edf 44 44 -------------- ,febru>y4 #i #jjj #abb #bgd #eeh #ecf 44 44 #a #adh #aj -#jja #abj #bgf #eeh #ecd 44 44 ---------------------------------------- --- #e #adg #aa #jje #aag #bgj #efd #ecd 44 44 #aj #ace #ab #jjh #aaf #bhd #eee #ecd 44 44 #ae #aae #ac #jjh #aae #cje #edh #ecd 44 44 #bj #aac #ad #jjh #aae #cjg #edh #edj 44 44 #be #ajh #ae #jaj #aaf #cae #edd #edj 44 44 ---------------------------------------- --- #bh #ajg #af #jaj #aaf #cdj #ecj 44 44 44 --------- ,mean4 #abc #ag #jbd #aaf #cfb #ebj 44 44 44 -------------- ,m>* #ah #jbi #ajb #cfc #ecj 44 44 44 #a #aje #ai #jca #jif #cfc #ecj 44 44 44 #e #jhj #bj #jba #ajj #cfc #ebb 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- --- #aj #jec #ba #jai #ajj #cfe #ebe 44 44 44 #ae #jcg #bb #jba #ajc #cge #ebe 44 44 44 #bj #jca #bc #jbd #ajb #cie #ecj 44 44 44 #be #jbe #bd #jbe #ajf #djj #ecj 44 44 44 #cj #jca #be #jcj #ajg #djb #ecj 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,mean4 #jdh #bf #jcb #ajg #dae #ede 44 44 44 -------------- ----------------- ,april #bg #jdj #ajf #dch #ede 44 #a #jaj #bh #jdh #ajh #dde #efb 44 #e #jbi #bi #jeg #aaf #dde #edh 44 #aj #jbe #cj #jfa #abj #dde #edc 44 ------------------------------ #ae #jah #ca #jfj 44 #dge #ede 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jbj ,mean4 #jbb #ajb 44 #eda 44 ------------------------------ #be #jah #cj #jae -------------- ,mean4 #jba ,,table ,,lxii4 7cont9u$74--,kh>t\m gauges4 #aijd ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 #a #ahj #a #jae #jfa #ace #ejj #edh 44 44 #e #agh #b #jae #jfj #aee #ecj #eeh 44 44 #aj #agj #c #jae #jfj #agi #eej #eeh 44 44 #ae #aei #d #jaj #jfc #bae #eej #eed 44 44 #bj #aee #e #jaj #jgj #bdj #eee #eed 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -- #be #aej #f #jab #jib #bfh #efj #eej 44 44 #cj #aej #g #jbi #aag #bgf #eeh #eej 44 44 --------- ,mean4 #aei #h #jaj #abc #bgf #eeh #edf 44 44 -------------- ,febru>y4 #i #jjj #abb #bgd #eeh #ecf 44 44 #a #adh #aj -#jja #abj #bgf #eeh #ecd 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -- #e #adg #aa #jje #aag #bgj #efd #ecd 44 44 #aj #ace #ab #jjh #aaf #bhd #eee #ecd 44 44 #ae #aae #ac #jjh #aae #cje #edh #ecd 44 44 #bj #aac #ad #jjh #aae #cjg #edh #edj 44 44 #be #ajh #ae #jaj #aaf #cae #edd #edj 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -- #bh #ajg #af #jaj #aaf #cdj #ecj 44 44 44 --------- ,mean4 #abc #ag #jbd #aaf #cfb #ebj 44 44 44 -------------- ,m>* #ah #jbi #ajb #cfc #ecj 44 44 44 #a #aje #ai #jca #jif #cfc #ecj 44 44 44 #e #jhj #bj #jba #ajj #cfc #ebb 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -- #aj #jec #ba #jai #ajj #cfe #ebe 44 44 44 #ae #jcg #bb #jba #ajc #cge #ebe 44 44 44 #bj #jca #bc #jbd #ajb #cie #ecj 44 44 44 #be #jbe #bd #jbe #ajf #djj #ecj 44 44 44 #cj #jca #be #jcj #ajg #djb #ecj 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,mean4 #jdh #bf #jcb #ajg #dae #ede 44 44 44 -------------- ----------------- ,april #bg #jdj #ajf #dch #ede 44 #a #jaj #bh #jdh #ajh #dde #efb 44 #e #jbi #bi #jeg #aaf #dde #edh 44 #aj #jbe #cj #jfa #abj #dde #edc 44 ------------------------------ #ae #jah #ca #jfj 44 #dge #ede 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jbj ,mean4 #jbb #ajb #cbh #eda 44 ------------------------------ #be #jah #cj #jae -------------- ,mean4 #jba ,,table ,,lxiii4--,riv] ,atb>a gauges at ,khasm el ,girba4 #aijc ,date4,jan4,feb4,m>4,apr4,may4,jun4,jul4 ,aug4,sep4,oct4,nov4,dec4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #a 44 44 44 44 44 #ajjbbjdbadebbhh 44 44 #b 44 44 44 44 44 #jicbahdjjdebbgh 44 44 #c 44 44 44 44 44 #jhebaecefdfjbgh 44 44 #d 44 44 44 44 44 #jhebgdcbedgjbij 44 44 #e 44 44 44 44 44 #jhibfjccedeebge 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #f 44 44 44 44 44 #jhibcjcbgdffbfg 44 44 #g 44 44 44 44 44 #jhfbajccjdehbej 44 44 #h 44 44 44 44 44 #jigbajcjgdejbej 44 44 #i 44 44 44 44 44 #ajebeacbidaebch 44 44 #aj 44 44 44 44 44 #aaabcecgbdcjbcj 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #aa 44 44 44 44 44 #ajjbfedfachibbb 44 44 #ab 44 44 44 44 44 #jigbcadcgciebag 44 44 #ac 44 44 44 44 44 #jijbajdecchjbag 44 44 #ad 44 44 44 44 44 #jijbajdfjchdbjh 44 44 #ae 44 44 44 44 44 #jicbfedhecgabje 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #af 44 44 44 44 44 #jihbbhdhjchhbaj 44 44 #ag 44 44 44 44 44 #abjbdjdijdcfbaj 44 44 #ah 44 44 44 44 44 #aejbcgeejdbj 44 44 44 #ai 44 44 44 44 44 #agjbeeeejdjjbje 44 44 #bj 44 44 44 44 44 #aihbgdegedab 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #ba 44 44 44 44 44 #ahhbhcedgchj 44 44 44 #bb 44 44 44 44 44 #agjbgjeabcde 44 44 44 #bc 44 44 44 44 44 #aijbgjdhbccj 44 44 44 #bd 44 44 44 44 44 #ahdcjjdedcbe 44 44 44 #be 44 44 44 44 44 #bbjbfbdcecaj 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bf 44 44 44 44 44 #aicbecdbjbhi 44 44 44 #bg 44 44 44 44 44 #bbdbfjdhjcdb 44 44 44 #bh 44 44 44 44 44 #bbjbgfdeecaj 44 44 44 #bi 44 44 44 44 44 #bdcbhjdeecac 44 44 44 #cj 44 44 44 44 44 #bbjcbidgecje 44 44 44 #ca 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ceddde 44 44 44 44 #aijd ,date4,jan4,feb4,m>4,apr4,may4 ,jun4,jul4,aug4,sep4,oct4,nov4,dec4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #a 44 44 44 44 44 -#ajjaegcgibgj 44 44 44 #b 44 44 44 44 44 -#ajjahichebfe 44 44 44 #c 44 44 44 44 44 -#jhjahjcicbee 44 44 44 #d 44 44 44 44 44 -#jefaiccijbij 44 44 44 #e 44 44 44 44 44 -#jajbjddjdcej 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #f 44 44 44 44 44 #jaibjhdjhcdj 44 44 44 #g 44 44 44 44 44 #jcabdedjjccj 44 44 44 #h 44 44 44 44 44 #jejbgbdjjbib 44 44 44 #i 44 44 44 44 44 #jdjbhcchjbhf 44 44 44 #aj 44 44 44 44 44 #jchbigcbjbih 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #aa 44 44 44 44 44 #jcebhhcicbfj 44 44 44 #ab 44 44 44 44 44 #jcjbhjbijbeb 44 44 44 #ac 44 44 44 44 44 #jcjbhjbgabhe 44 44 44 #ad 44 44 44 44 44 #jcjcajbfcbgi 44 44 44 #ae 44 44 44 44 44 #jbicjcbgjbji 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #af 44 44 44 44 44 #jbhbgdcci 44 44 44 44 #ag 44 44 44 44 44 #jcbbiacci 44 44 44 44 #ah 44 44 44 44 44 #jeeccfcci 44 44 44 44 #ai 44 44 44 44 44 #jdjccjcbh 44 44 44 44 #bj 44 44 44 44 44 #jhjbajcbj 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #ba 44 44 44 44 44 #jhjcabcbj 44 44 44 44 #bb 44 44 44 44 44 #jgjcbjcah 44 44 44 44 #bc 44 44 44 44 44 #jhecejbhj 44 44 44 44 #bd 44 44 44 44 44 #jifcgbbhc 44 44 44 44 #be 44 44 44 44 44 #jiecacbij 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #bf 44 44 44 44 44 #aaecjebia 44 44 44 44 #bg 44 44 44 44 44 #acjccfbif 44 44 44 44 #bh 44 44 44 44 44 #adecgfccj 44 44 44 44 #bi 44 44 44 44 44 #aeacficej 44 44 44 44 #cj 44 44 44 44 44 #aejdaecaj 44 44 44 44 #ca 44 44 44 44 44 44 #chjcjh 44 44 44 44 ,z]o #ajjj metres on ! gauge4 ,,table ,,lxiv4--,b]b] gauges4 #aija ,date4,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #bdc #a #jif #jig #bib #fbe #ghj #a #eic #e #bce #b #jih #ajj #bhi #fcj #ggi #e #ede #aj #bbc #c #ajj #ajc #cjj #fdj #ghb #aj #ejh #ae #bjg #d #ajb #aje #cbj #fdh #gge #ae #dgc #bj #aic #e #ajd #ajg #cdj #fef #ggj #bj #ddd ------------------------------ #be #ahb #f #ajf #aaj #cee #fgi #ggj #be #dbj #cj #agj #g #aje #aah #cfj #ffg #gfb #cj #djj --------- -------- ,mean4 #bjf #h #aje #abg #cfe #fgi #gfd,mean4 #dgd -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i #ajg #acf #cgj #fhh #gde ,novem4 #a #afc #aj #aaj #adc #cge #gji #gej #a #cij ------------------------------ #e #afb #aa #aji #ade #cge #gde #gfc #e #cge #aj #aed #ab #ajg #adh #cgh #gec #gfg #aj #cec #ae #adg #ac #ajf #adg #djj #geh #geg #ae #cch #bj #ach #ad #aje #adg #dad #ggj #gee #bj #cab #be #acd #ae #ajd #aec #dbj #ggf #gej #be #big ------------------------------ #bh #abd #af #aje #agj #dce #gfe #gda #cj #bhc --------- -------- ,mean4 #adg #ag #ajd #ahg #dcj #gfh #gce,mean4 #ccc -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah #ajc #bjj #dbg #ggd #gbe ,decem4 #a #abd #ai #ajc #bae #dce #gfe #gbj #a #bhf #e #abd #bj #ajj #bah #dee #ged #gje #e #bge ------------------------------ #aj #ajh #ba #ajj #baf #dei #gdf #fij #aj #bgj #ae #jih #bb #jid #bad #dei #gdf #fhj #ae #beb #bj #jid #bc #jhf #bad #dfb #gdc #fgj #bj #bea #be #jhd #bd #jhg #bag #dfb #gda #ffb #be #bcj #cj #jhf #be #jhh #bbg #dfe #gch #fea #cj #bac --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #aja #bf #jia #bej #die #gej #fda,mean4 #beb -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg #jhg #bgj #eje #gdd #fbg #a #jhc #bh #jhe #bhb #eaf #gdd #fah #e #jhf #bi #jhg #bhf #eeh #ggd #fac #aj #jhb #cj #jic #bhh #egd #gha #fjh ------------------------------ #ae #jfc #ca #jie 44 #fae #ghg 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jgb ,mean4 #jii #agh #dbb #gbg #gah ------------------------------ #be #jgc #cj #jic --------- ,mean4 #jgd #aijb ,date4,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #bjd #a #jfg #jhf #bjg #dcb #fgg #a #fbc #e #aij #b #jfg #jhf #bbg #dee #fge #e #fad #aj #agd #c #jga #jhf #bdf #dgh #fgj #aj #egc #ae #aea #d #jga #jhe #beb #dij #fgb #ae #ead #bj #adg #e #jgb #jhe #beh #ejf #fgj #bj #dfb ------------------------------ #be #adj #f #jhb #jia #bfd #eag #fgb #be #dbh #cj #acj #g #jgh #ajd #bfb #eag #fgg #cj #djf --------- ------- ,mean4 #aei #h #jge #aah #bfd #ebg #fie,mean4 #eaa -------------- ------------ ,febru>y4 #i #jgj #acc #bfe #ecg #fia ,novemb4 #a #abh #aj #jfg #ada #bgb #ede #fif #a #cif ------------------------------ #e #aba #aa #jfc #add #bhd #edi #gje #e #cfe #aj #aab #ab #jfc #add #bie #eee #fig #aj #cee #ae #ajg #ac #jfe #adh #cjd #efg #fic #ae #ccj #bj #ajf #ad #jfe #aeb #caj #ehe #fia #bj #caa #be #jif #ae #jfe #aeg #cae #ehe #fid #be #cjg ------------------------------ #bh #jid #af #jff #afe #cae #ehe #fhi #cj #bie --------- ------- ,mean4 #aji #ag #jfg #afd #cbb #ehe #fhd,mean4 #ccd -------------- ------------ ,m>*4 #ah #jfh #aeh #cba #ehg #fgg ,decemb4 #a #jhh #ai #jfi #aej #ccf #ehb #fge #a #bid #e #jhb #bj #jgc #adi #cda #ehi #ffi #e #bhh ------------------------------ #aj #jhd #ba #jgf #adg #cdh #fba #ffg #aj #bge #ae #jhc #bb #jgg #adg #ced #fcg #ffc #ae #bfh #bj #jgf #bc #jhb #aec #ced #fdb #fee #bj #bee #be #jgf #bd #jhe #agj #cei #fee #fdg #be #bec #cj #jhf #be #jhf #aij #cgb #fdh #fcg #cj #bcg --------------------------------------- ------- ,mean4 #jha #bf #jhf #bjb #chb #fej #fce,mean4 #bff -------------- ------------ ,april4 #bg #jhg #bjf #cid #fdh #fch #a #jhc #bh #jhg #bjf 44 #fde #fcc #e #jgh #bi #jhe #baj #chh #ffc #fbi #aj #jfd #cj #jhf #bjj #djj #fhj #fbe ------------------------------ #ae #jfh #ca #jhf 44 #dba #fhj 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jfd ,mean4 #jgd #adf #cad #ehj #fgj ------------------------------ #be #jfg #cj #jfa --------- ,mean4 #jfh #aijc ,date4,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #bcf #a #jhc #abg #bhj #dhc #ggc #a #gjj #e #bdc #b #jhd #adc #bhb #dhi #ggc #e #fhd #aj #bbd #c #jhc #afc #bhb #die #ggb #aj #feh #ae #bae #d #jhb #agd #bhi #efe #ggj #ae #fae #bj #bji #e #jgi #ahj #bic #ehe #ggb #bj #egc ------------------------------ #be #aie #f #jgf #ahd #bih #eih #ggg #be #ehf #cj #ahj #g #jge #ahe #caj #fah #ghb #cj #ecc --------- ------- ,mean4 #bac #h #jgc #ahf #cbe #fbg #ggd,mean4 #faf -------------- ------------ ,febru>y4 #i #jgb #aif #cdj #fcg #ggb ,novemb4 #a #agj #aj #jgf #baj #cdg #fdc #ggb #a #eag ------------------------------ #e #aei #aa #jgi #baf #cdc #fdg #ggb #e #dif #aj #aea #ab #jhj #bah #cdf #fej #gec #aj #dec #ae #adb #ac #jhj #baf #cef #fhg #gfd #ae #dab #bj #ach #ad #jgi #bac #cgd #gac #geb #bj #chh #be #abc #ae #jgg #bae #chb #gbj #gde #be #cge ------------------------------ #bh #abj #af #jgf #bba #cie #gdj #gdj #cj 44 --------- ------- ,mean4 #add #ag #jgf #bbg #djj #gec #gdj,mean4 #dbh -------------- ------------ ,m>*4 #ah #jgf #bcg #djb #gec #gcg ,decemb4 #a #abj #ai #jgg #bej #djj #gfg #gce #a #ceb #e #abf #bj #jgh #bfj #daj #gge #gde #e #cch ------------------------------ #aj #aaf #ba #jhj #bgb #daj #hje #gde #aj #cbh #ae #aaj #bb #jhj #bgf #dac #haj #gde #ae #cai #bj #ajg #bc #jha #bgf #dbc #ghj #gdg #bj #caj #be #aja #bd #jhb #bgj #dcg #geg #gdg #be #cje #cj #jib #be #jhc #bfe #dej #gfj #gdc #cj #bib --------------------------------------- ------- ,mean4 #aaj #bf #jhf #bfh #dfg #geb #gdc,mean4 #cbb -------------- ------------ ,april4 #bg #jia #bgj #dgc #gfb #gdj #a #jib #bh #jif #bgj #dhc #gfg #gcj #e #jie #bi #ajc #bgj #dhe #gef #gad #aj #jij #cj #aji #bgd #dhj #ggb #gjd ------------------------------ #ae #jhe #ca #aag 44 #dgi #ggd 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jhb ,mean4 #jhb #bbd #chb #fia #geb ------------------------------ #be #jhj #cj #jha --------- ,mean4 #jhf #aijd ,date4,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 #a #bij #a #aaa #acc #aie #fbb #fge #e #bhf #b #aji #adb #aih #fbh #ffg #aj #bge #c #ajg #adg #bad #fcd #ffg #ae #bfh #d #ajg #adg #bcb #fei #ffh #bj #bei #e #ajg #ade #bdc #fij #ffi ------------------------------ #be #beb #f #ajf #ade #bei #fic #fic #cj #bdf #g #ajg #ade #bhj #fig #fih --------- ,mean4 #bff #h #ajg #adf #cjg #fhg #fhe -------------- ,febru>y4 #i #aji #aeb #cdj #fhg #fhi #a #bej #aj #aaa #age #cgj #fgg #fhc ------------------------------ #e #bce #aa #aae #ahh #cha #fgj #fgc #aj #bcd #ab #aaj #aig #djj #ffh #ffh #ae #bad #ac #ajj #bjj #cif #ffe #ffh #bj #bjj #ad #ajj #bjj #cid #ffd #ffh #be #aid #ae #jid #aig #cid #fff #ffg ------------------------------ #bi #agd #af #jif #aig #dae #ffj --------- ,mean4 #bad #ag #jif #aih #dce #fed -------------- ,m>*4 #ah #jih #bjj #dfj #feb #a #afg #ai #jih #bjj #dgh #ffj #e #afe #bj #ajb #bjj #dhd #fdg ------------------------- #aj #aeb #ba #aji #bjj #ejc #fdf #ae #acg #bb #aae #aij #eab #fej #bj #abi #bc #aag #ahe #ejj #fde #be #abb #bd #aae #ahh #ejj #fej #cj #aag #be #aji #ahi #ejh #feg ---------------------------------- ,mean4 #aci #bf #ajh #aij #eda #fdh -------------- ,april4 #bg #ajh #aia #efe #fdh #a #abe #bh #aaj #aib #efj #fde #e #aae #bi #aac #aic #eeg #ffi #aj #aag #cj #aai #aic #egh #fhc ------------------------- #ae #aaa #ca #abh 44 #fjj #fgi ------------------------- #bj #aje ,mean4 #ajh #agi #dac #ffa ------------------------- #be #aab #cj #aaj --------- ,mean4 #aad ,,table ,,lxv4--,mean gauges ( #cj ye>s at ,assun4 #ahgc-aijb ,date4,jan4,feb4,m>4,apr4,may4,jun4,jul4 ,aug4,sep4,oct4,nov4,dec4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #a #bfdaieacajfhjbdjajajddhgghjgaiejjcdb #b #bfaaicabijfejbdjaaajhejaghbgajdijcci #c #beiaiaabgjfdjbbjabaafeaeghagjedhdccg #d #begahiabejfcjbajababaebeghbfifdgiccb #e #beeahgabcjfajbjjajabgeeaghdfiadgbccj #f #becahdabajehjahjabacdegaghbfhedffcbf #g #beaahbaahjefjagjacadaeidghbfggdedcbd #h #bdgahaaagjefjafjaeadifaeghafgaddgcbj #i #bdfaghaaejedjadjagaegfchghafffdcgcai #aj #bddagfaacjebjacjaiafefebghjfeidcecaf #aa #bdaagcaaajeajacjaiagdffbghjfecdbhcac #ab #bciagaajhjdijacjbbahafgjghcfdgdbbcaj #ac #bcgafiajgjdgjacjbdaijfghgggfdjdagcjg #ad #bcdaffajejdfjacjbgaigfibggffccdajcjc #ae #bcbafcajbjdejacjbibajfifggffbedjecja #af #bcjafaajjjddjabjcbbbcgjdggdfagdjjbii #ag #bbhaeijihjdbjabjcdbcfgaaggafjgcifbie #ah #bbeaefjifjdajabjcgbebgaggfhfjbciabid #ai #bbbaedjicjdjjaajcibfegbggfieihchfbia #bj #bbaaebjibjcijaajdabgigcagfgeijchbbhh #ba #bahaejjijjchjajjdcbiegcbgfgehdchabhe #bb #bafadgjhhjcfjajjdgcaagcegfceghcgebhb #bc #bacadejhfjcejjhjejcbigdhgfjefhcgjbgi #bd #bacadejhcjcdjjhjefcdfgeegefefacfcbgg #be #bajadbjhbjccjjhjfgcehgehgebeeccfdbgf #bf #bjhacijgijcajjhjgacgcgfjgecedecfabgc #bg #bjeachjggjbijjhjgicidgffgdcecgcegbfh #bh #bjdacejgejbgjjhjhcdafgffgcgecjcedbfe #bi #bjb #jgcjbfjjhjihdcfgfigcaebbcdibfb #cj #aii #jgajbdjjhjigdehggdgbeeaecdbbfj #ca #aif #jfi #jji #dgcggh #ejg #beh ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 ,,table ,,lxv4 7cont9u$74--,assun ,gauges4 #ahgd ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #bjf #a -#jda-jcb #aej #fdi #hgj #a #haa #e #aie #b -#jcg-jaj #aeg #ffe #hgb #e #ghi #aj #age #c -#jcg #jaj #afa #fgd #hhc #aj #gfd #ae #aeg #d -#jcg #jbf #afh #fha #hij #ae #gba #bj #ada #e -#jci #jca #agb #fhh #hie #bj #ffa ------------------------------ #be #abc #f -#jdd #jdf #aha #fig #hig #be #faf #cj #ajj #g -#jdh #jeh #aic #fig #hie #cj #efh --------- -------- ,mean4 #aec #h -#jej #jga #aii #fig #hib,mean4 #gjd -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i -#jej #jhb #bjh #gjf #hhh ,nov4 #a #jid #aj -#jec #jhg #bae #gce #hhc #a #edh ------------------------------ #e #jhj #aa -#jec #jhg #bbd #gge #hha #e #eai #aj #jfg #ab -#jec #jhd #bch #haf #hgg #aj #dhg #ae #jeh #ac -#jec #jhb #bdi #hcf #hgd #ae #deh #bj #jdd #ad -#jee #jgh #beb #hde #hgd #bj #dca #be #jce #ae -#jee #jga #bga #hdg #hgd #be #dag ------------------------------ #bh #jca #af -#jeg #jfg #bhc #hdc #hgj #cj #djj --------- -------- ,mean4 #jeh #ag -#jeg #jfg #bih #hcf #hfc,mean4 #dfe -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah -#jeg #jfd #caf #hdc #hef ,dec4 #a #jbh #ai -#jei #jfd #cbe #hej #hdg #a #cie #e #jbf #bj -#jei #jfd #ccg #hcf #hdc #e #cgc ------------------------------ #aj #jai #ba -#jfa #jfg #cdc #hfa #hda #aj #ceg #ae #jac #bb -#jfd #jgc #cff #hfh #hde #ae #cda #bj #jjd #bc -#jfd #jhb #djb #hfc #hde #bj #cbh #be -#jja #bd -#jfd #jid #ddg #hfe #hdc #be #caf #cj -#jjh #be -#jfd #aab #dhg #hfh #hch #cj #cjc --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #jaa #bf -#jff #acj #eba #hgd #hcd,mean4 #cde -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg -#jff #ada #edf #hgg #hcb #a -#jab #bh -#jff #ade #egg #hgd #hbg #e -#jbf #bi -#jff #adg #fjg #hgd #hbj #aj -#jcj #cj -#jfa #adg #fbj #hgj #haf ------------------------------ #ae -#jcb #ca -#jej 44 #fca #hfh 44 ------------------------------ #bj -#jci ,mean4-#jed #jgd #cbg #hjj #hfb ------------------------------ #be -#jdf #cj -#jdf -------------- ,mean4 -#jcd ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 #ahgg ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #bfb #a #jce #jai #acj #dgb #fah #a #fjd #e #bed #b #jcg #jbb #adh #dgd #fbj #e #efd #aj #bdb #c #jcg #jbd #afc #dgd #fbe #aj #eba #ae #bbf #d #jce #jbf #age #dgd #fbg #ae #dib #bj #bac #e #jce #jbh #aha #dhh #fbg #bj #dfc ------------------------------ #be #aii #f #jcc #jca #ahf #dhe #fbg #be #dec #cj #aha #g #jcc #jca #aij #ejc #fbb #cj #dji --------- -------- ,mean4 #bbe #h #jce #jcc #aig #ebf #fah,mean4 #eja -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i #jdj #jcg #bjd #eci #faa ,novemb4 #a #agg #aj #jdb #jdf #bac #ece #fji #a #chh ------------------------------ #e #agj #aa #jdb #jee #bbf #ecg #fac #e #cgc #aj #aeg #ab #jdj #jfi #bdd #ecg #faf #aj #cfa #ae #aci #ac #jcg #jhj #bga #eda #fac #ae #cda #bj #abe #ad #jcc #jhg #cja #eee #fjg #bj #cbc #be #aag #ae #jbh #jia #cbc #ege #fjb #be #bid ------------------------------ #bh #aag #af #jbf #jif #ccb #fjg #fjj #cj #bfg --------- -------- ,mean4 #adc #ag #jbd #ajc #ccb #fah #fjb,mean4 #cce -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah #jbb #ajg #cbh #fbb #fjd ,decemb4 #a #aad #ai #jag #aji #cba #fcd #fjj #a #bfj #e #aji #bj #jag #aji #cbc #fdj #eie #e #bea ------------------------------ #aj #jif #ba #jae #aji #ccb #fbi #fjb #aj #bdj #ae #jgh #bb #jae #ajg #cdf #fah #faa #ae #bbb #bj #jfi #bc #jae #ajg #ceg #fac #fbe #bj #bac #be #jeh #bd #jae #ajg #cfd #fac #fbg #be #aie #cj #jdi #be #jac #ajg #cgj #fac #fbg #cj #aig --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #jhb #bf #jaj #aje #cgb #faa #fbj,mean4 #bbe -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg #jaj #aje #cii #fac #faa #a #jdf #bh #jac #ajg #dba #fah #faa #e #jdj #bi #jae #aji #ded #fah #fac #aj #jcc #cj #jag #aaf #dfe #fah #fji ------------------------------ #ae #jca #ca #jai 44 #dfg #faf 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jdb ,mean4 #jbf #jgd #bid #efh #fac ------------------------------ #be #jea #cj #jce --------- ,mean4 #jdj ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 #ahgh ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #aig #a -#jda-jff #jfg #eci #gfj #a #iae #e #ahh #b -#jdd-jff #jga #edf #ggc #e #hib #aj #age #c -#jdf-jff #jgh #edh #ghi #aj #hdg #ae #afa #d -#jdh-jff #jhg #eee #hjb #ae #gia #bj #adh #e -#jdh-jfh #jia #efb #had #bj #gfj ------------------------------ #be #aci #f -#jdf-jfh #jif #efb #hbc #be #gdb #cj #abc #g -#jdf-jga #ajj #eec #hcb #cj #fhc --------- -------- ,mean4 #afb #h -#jdh-jga #ajc #eda #hch,mean4 #hje -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i -#jej-jga #ajc #efh #hdg ,novem4 #a #aba #aj -#jej-jfh #aje #fbe #heb #a #fgb ------------------------------ #e #ajg #aa -#jej-jff #ajg #fca #hef #e #fcd #aj #jia #ab -#jej-jff #aab #fgb #hgj #aj #ehf #ae #jhj #ac -#jdh-jff #aah #fhh #hha #ae #eej #bj #jfg #ad -#jdh-jff #abg #gjf #hhf #bj #eag #be #jea #ae -#jej-jff #add #gag #hij #be #dib ------------------------------ #bh #jdf #af -#jej-jfd #agj #gag #hhf #cj #dfi --------- -------- ,mean4 #jhj #ag -#jej-jfa #aig #gaj #hhc,mean4 #efj -------------- ------------- ,m>* #ah -#jec-jei #bag #gab #hhc ,decem4 #a #jdd #ai -#jee-jei #bcc #gbf #hha #a #dfg #e #jcc #bj -#jeg-jei #bdg #gdh #hhf #e #deg ------------------------------- #aj #jbd #ba -#jeg-jfa #bgf #ggc #hhf #aj #dch #ae #jag #bb -#jeg-jfa #bih #ghi #hha #ae #dbj #bj #jjh #bc -#jei-jei #ccc #gif #hhf #bj #dji #be -#jjc #bd -#jfa-jej #cdh #hjb #hib #be #cic #cj -#jje #be -#jfd-jcb #chb #hjg #hii #cj #cgg --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #jag #bf -#jfd-jje #dbb #hji #hig,mean4 #dbc -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg -#jfd #jai #dde #gia #hib #a -#jaj #bh -#jff #jdj #dfc #gfi #ija #e -#jab #bi -#jfh #jeh #dgh #geg #ijh #aj -#jai #cj -#jfh #jfd #dif #gec #iac ------------------------------ #ae -#jbf #ca -#jfh 44 #eba #gee 44 ------------------------------ #bj -#jbf ,mean4-#jef-jdg #bbg #fhe #hfc ------------------------------ #be -#jcg #cj -#jda --------- ,mean4 -#jbe ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 #aija ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #aig #a -#jcg-jjh #jcg #chi #gdb #a #fef #e #aic #b -#jci-jjh #jdi #cie #gch #e #fji #aj #agi #c -#jda-jaj #jfg #djb #gdd #aj #eei #ae #aff #d -#jdd-jaj #jhb #dac #gfb #ae #ejf #bj #aeg #e -#jdd-jaj #jif #dcb #ggf #bj #dfg ------------------------------ #be #adh #f -#jdf-jab #aje #dfg #ghb #be #dca #cj #abe #g -#jdf-jab #aji #ebh #ghb #cj #dae --------- -------- ,mean4 #aff #h -#jdf-jad #aae #ehb #ggf,mean4 #ebj -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i -#jdf-jai #abc #fji #ggc ,nov4 #a #aba #aj -#jdf-jba #aci #fbc #gga #a #cie ------------------------------ #e #ajg #aa -#jdd-jba #aeg #fcf #gfi #e #cge #aj #jif #ab -#jdd-jbc #agj #feb #gfi #aj #cee #ae #jhg #ac -#jda-jbf #aha #ffa #gfg #ae #ccb #bj #jga #ad -#jci-jbf #aij #ffh #gfd #bj #cjg #be #jfg #ae -#jce-jbf #aie #fgg #gee #be #bhi ------------------------------ #bh #jeh #af -#jcj-jbf #bje #fig #gdh #cj #bfg --------- -------- ,mean4 #jhg #ag -#jbf-jbc #bbd #gca #gee,mean4 #cca -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah -#jbc-jba #bef #geh #gfj ,dec4 #a #jee #ai -#jba-jai #bfg #gfi #gfb #a #bfe #e #jdi #bj -#jai-jag #bgh #ghj #gee #e #bea ------------------------------ #aj #jdj #ba -#jad-jad #bhc #ghj #gea #aj #bce #ae #jbg #bb -#jab-jaj #bhi #ggh #gdf #ae #bbf #bj #jag #bc -#jab-jje #cja #gge #gcg #bj #bag #be #jjh #bd -#jaj-jjc #cjg #ggc #gbe #be #bjh #cj -#jjc #be -#jjh-jja #cbf #gfb #gbb #cj #aij --------------------------------------- --------- ,mean4 #jbg #bf -#jjh #jjf #cdh #gec #gaj,mean4 #bbg -------------- -------------- ,april4 #bg -#jje #jaj #cfa #gdi #fii #a -#jjg #bh -#jjc #jbb #cff #gdd #ffc #e -#jaj #bi -#jja #jca #cfh #gci #fgj #aj -#jag #cj -#jjc #jce #cgc #gce #ffa ------------------------------ #ae -#jbd #ca -#jjh 44 #chj #gdb 44 ------------------------------ #bj -#jbf ,mean4-#jbg-jji #bah #fea #gdd ------------------------------ #be -#jbh #cj -#jcb --------- ,mean4 -#jbj ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 #aijb ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #ahf #a -#jci-jdf #jdb #bef #faf #a #fbj #e #agi #b -#jci-jdh #jdi #bfe #fac #e #fjj #aj #afa #c -#jci-jej #jdi #bfi #fji #aj #ehi #ae #ada #d -#jcg-jec #jdi #bgf #fji #ae #efd #bj #aba #e -#jci-jee #jdi #bhc #fbj #bj #ecj ------------------------------ #be #jih #f -#jda-jeg #jdf #bib #fch #be #dfg #cj #jhe #g -#jda-jeb #jdf #cjc #fde #cj #dji --------- -------- ,mean4 #ach #h -#jdc-jeb #jdi #caj #fde,mean4 #edj -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i -#jdf-jej #jef #caf #fdj ,nov4 #a #jgh #aj -#jdf-jdf #jfe #cbe #fcf #a #cig ------------------------------ #e #jfg #aa -#jdf-jcg #jhc #cda #fca #e #cgg #aj #jfb #ab -#jdh-jce #jhg #cff #fcf #aj #ccg #ae #jdi #ac -#jdh-jcj #jid #djj #fcg #ae #caj #bj #jdb #ad -#jdh-jcj #jif #dbi #fdg #bj #bhe #be #jcc #ae -#jdf-jbf #aja #ddb #feh #be #bfj ------------------------------ #bh #jbf #af -#jdc-jcj #ajg #def #ffe #cj #bcj --------- -------- ,mean4 #jea #ag -#jda-jbc #abc #dfg #fgb,mean4 #cae -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah -#jci-jba #aci #dgh #fgb ,dec4 #a #jbb #ai -#jci-jbh #aed #dhg #ffe #a #bcc #e #jae #bj -#jci-jcj #afa #did #feh #e #bca ------------------------------ #aj #jaj #ba -#jda-jcb #aff #ejh #feh #aj #bae #ae #jja #bb -#jci-jcb #agj #ebh #ffa #ae #bjd #bj -#jjh #bc -#jcg-jcj #agg #eci #feh #bj #aha #be -#jag #bd -#jci-jbc #ahg #edb #feb #be #agi #cj -#jba #be -#jci-,o#af #aig #ecg #fdg #cj #aee --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #jjj #bf -#jci-jje #bjh #ecb #fdc,mean4 #bjj -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg -#jda #jaa #bbj #ecb #fcf #a -#jba #bh -#jdc #jbj #bbi #edd #fca #e -#jbc #bi -#jdc #jbd #bch #ega #fbg #aj -#jcj #cj -,o#df #jcc #bde #eif #fbc ------------------------------ #ae -#jbf #ca -#jdf 44 #bed #faa 44 ------------------------------ #bj -#jbc ,mean-#jdb-jbh #abg #dbi #fda ------------------------------ #be -#jcj #cj -#jci --------- ,mean4 -#jbg ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 #aijc ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #aeb #a -#jfb-jai #ajg #cad #gcg #a #gcj #e #aff #b -#jfd-jai #aaf #cba #gci #e #gjf #aj #acd #c -#jfb-jai #abg #ccb #gce #aj #feh #ae #acf #d -#jeij-ja #aci #ceb #gci #ae #fdj #bj #acb #e -#jeb-jje #adh #cgg #gec #bj #fjg ------------------------------ #be #ajg #f -#jeb-jjc #aeb #cie #geh #be #eee #cj #ajg #g -#jejjja #aeb #daa #gef #cj #ecj --------- -------- ,mean4 #acc #h -#jeg #jja #aeb #dac #gfb,mean4 #fcb -------------- ------------- ,febru>y #i -#jeg-jjc #aeb #daa #gjb ,novemb4 #a #jhe #aj -#jeg-jja #aee #dji #gfb #a #edf ------------------------------ #e #eae #e #jhb #aa -#jei #jja #aeg #dac #gfh #aj #jgc #ab -#jei #jja #aei #dcd #gge #aj #dfg #ae #jea #ac -#jei #jjf #aei #dij #gge #ae #dbe #bj #jdj #ad -#jfd #jjh #aff #edd #ggc #bj #djf #be #jbh #ae -#jee #jac #afh #egc #gff #be #ceb ------------------------------ #bh #jjf #af -#jee #jbj #agb #eia #gfd #cj #cba --------- -------- ,mean4 #jeb #ag -#jee #jbj #age #fjd #gfb,mean4 #dcc -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah -#jeg #jgd #ahb #fac #geh ,decemb4 #a #jjf #ai -#jeg #jid #aia #fcd #gee #a #caf #e #jaj #bj -#jee #aaj #bjb #ffe #gdh #e #cjc ------------------------------ #aj #jaj #ba -#jdh #aab #bah #gja #gdb #aj #bga #ae -#jjc #bb -#jbh #abc #bcc #gba #gce #ae #bea #bj -#jje #bc -#jbh #acd #bdd #gci #gce #bj #bcc #be -#jbf #bd -#jba #aad #bdg #gdi #gbh #be #bca #cj -#jbh #be -#jce #aab #bef #gff #gcc #cj #bae --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 -#jje #bf -#jce #abg #bfi #ghb #gce,mean4 #bfj -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg -#jcg #acj #bhe #gic #gce #a -#jbh #bh -#jcg #jib #bif #ghd #gcc #e -#jbc #bi -#jcd #jib #cjc #gff #gce #aj -#jci #cj -#jbh #jih #cjg #gec #gcc ------------------------------ #ae -#jdh #ca -#jad 44 #cab #gdf 44 ------------------------------ #bj -#jci ,mean-#jdh #jdg #aig #efh #gej ------------------------------ #be -#jei #cj -#jfb --------- ,mean4 -#jdc ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 #aijd ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #baa #a -#jjh #jbf #jid #dde #fcd #a 44 #e #bac #b -#jab #jbh #jhi #ddi #fcd #e 44 #aj #aie #c -#jad #jbh #jhg #dfj #fbg #aj 44 #ae #ahf #d -#jba #jbh #jhg #dhg #fbg #ae 44 #bj #agi #e -#jba #jbh #jhe #eaj #fdg #bj 44 ------------------------------ #be #afh #f -#jai #jcc #jhc #ebh #ffa #be 44 #cj #aeg #g -#jai #jfj #jhc #eej #ffc #cj 44 --------- -------- ,mean4 #ahg #h -#jag #jfe #jhc #ehd #feh,mean4 44 -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i -#jad #jfg #jhj #faa #feb ,novem4 #a #aeg #aj -#jad #jfi #jgh #fch #fdg #a 44 ------------------------------ #e #aeb #aa -#jje #jga #jgh #ffc #feb #e 44 #aj #adc #ab #jad #jhe #jgh #fhe #feh #aj 44 #ae #acf #ac #jjd #jhi #jgh #fig #fgd #ae 44 #bj #abi #ad #jja #jid #jhj #fib #fhh #bj 44 #be #abg #ae -#jje #jib #jhc #fhe #fhc #be 44 ------------------------------ #bh #aag #af -#jje #jif #jhg #fgd 44 #cj 44 --------- -------- ,mean4 #acg #ag -#jje #aje #jid #ffe 44 ,mean4 44 -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah -#jje #aad #ajc #ffa 44 ,decem4 #a #ajc #ai -#jje #aah #abh #fef 44 #a 44 #e #jgd #bj -#jje #abc #afa #fed 44 #e 44 ------------------------------ #aj #jga #ba #jae #aba #bae #fed 44 #aj 44 #ae #jfi #bb #jaj #aba #bfb #f4di 44 #ae 44 #bj #jdf #bc #jac #aah #bib #fdg 44 #bj 44 #be #jdb #bd #jac #aba #cjh #fdc 44 #be 44 #cj #jbj #be #jae #aaf #caf #fdj 44 #cj 44 --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #jfj #bf #jac #aad #cbc #fdc 44 ,mean4 44 -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg #jaj #aaf #cdc #fcf 44 #a #jac #bh #jaj #aba #cgj #fcd 44 #e -#jaj #bi #jjf #aab #djb #fbg 44 #aj -#jab #cj #jjf #ajg #dbg #fbe 44 ------------------------------ #ae #jjd #ca #jjd 44 #ddb #fbi 44 ------------------------------ #bj #jjf ,mean4-#jjb #jhf #agh #fad 44 ------------------------------ #be #jjd #cj -#jjc --------- ,mean4 #jjj ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 ,,table ,,lxvi4--,assun ,res]voir gauges4 ,r4 ,l4 ,,( ,,z]o #hejj ,,metres4 ,ye>4,date4 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,m>4 ,apr4 ,may ,jun4 ---------------------------------------- #aijb #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 #e 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aj 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ae 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- #bj 44 44 44 44 44 44 #be 44 44 44 44 44 44 #cj 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- #aijc #a #bjcjbajjbajebjfgaigfagfc #e #bjchbaacbajibjeeaifcafhe #aj #bjdabajfbajjbjcdaiciaefi #ae #bjfabajcbjibbjaiaiahadda ---------------------------------------- #bj #bjfgbajfbjgiaiiiahihabdb #be #bjhfbajjbjgeaihiahdh #idc #cj #bjifbajcbjfhaigbagig #gjg ---------------------------------------- ,mean #bjfjbajdbjijbjaiaijeacdg ---------------------------------------- #aijd #a #afbiaiahbjddbjiabjidaiff #e #afhjaidbbjgbbajjbjiiaijf #aj #agcgaigjbajabaaebajiagig #ae #aghabjjjbjifbabebjiaafbb ---------------------------------------- #bj #ahbfbjbhbajabaafbjgcachd #be #ahffbjcgbjidbajfbjccajbf #cj #aiacbjdabjijbjifaihc #fef ---------------------------------------- ,mean #aggfaiiabjhebajgbjfiadhj ,ye>4,date4 ,jul4 ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ---------------------------------------- #aijb #a 44 44 44 44 #abhjaggg #e 44 44 44 44 #acgbahaf #aj 44 44 44 44 #adiaahei #ae 44 44 44 44 #aegcaijb ---------------------------------------- #bj 44 44 44 #iijafehaici #be 44 44 44 #ajihagahaigg #cj 44 44 44 #abejagfgbjbe ---------------------------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 #aeeaaijj ---------------------------------------- #aijc #a 44 44 44 44 44 #ajef #e 44 44 44 44 44 #ajec #aj 44 44 44 44 #ajfcabaj #ae 44 44 44 44 #ajecaccc ---------------------------------------- #bj 44 44 44 44 #fijaddi #be 44 44 44 44 #ajeiaeah #cj 44 44 44 44 #ajegafad ---------------------------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 #acai ---------------------------------------- #aijd #a 44 44 44 44 44 44 #e 44 44 44 44 44 44 #aj 44 44 44 44 44 44 #ae 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- #bj 44 44 44 44 44 44 #be 44 44 44 44 44 44 #cj 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 ,,table ,,lxvii4--,cairo gauges4 7,roda isl&74 ,mean ( #bj ye>s #ahgc-ahib4 ,ye>4,date4,jan4,feb4,m>4,apr4,may4,jun4 ,jul4,aug4,sep4,oct4,nov4,dec4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #e #bh #bb #ah #ae #aa #ji #aa #da #fe #fi #ef #cf #aj #bg #bb #ah #ad #aa #ji #ac #di #fg #fi #ea #cd #ae #bf #ba #ag #ac #aa #ji #ae #eg #fh #fh #dg #cc #bj #be #bj #af #ac #aa #ji #ah #ei #fi #fh #dc #cb #be #bd #ai #af #ab #aj #aj #bb #fb #gj #fg #dj #cj ,end4 #bc #ai #ae #ab #aj #aa #bi #fd #ga #fb #ch #bi ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #ahgg #e #bg #bb #ae #ac #aa #jg #ab #cf #eb #eb #ci #bi #aj #bg #ba #ad #ac #aj #jg #ab #dj #ec #ej #cf #bg #ae #bf #ai #ad #ab #aj #jg #ad #dg #eb #di #cg #bf ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #bf #ah #ac #aa #aj #jh #af #df #eb #df #cg #be #be #be #ag #ad #aa #aj #aj #bd #ec #ea #dd #ce #bd ,end4 #bc #ag #ad #aj #ai #ac #bh #ec #ec #db #ca #bc ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean4 #bf #ai #ad #ab #aj #ji #ah #df #eb #dg #cf #bf ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #ahgh #e #bb #af #aj #jf #jc #jj-jb #da #fe #hd #ge #di #aj #ba #ae #ji #jf #jb #jj #jd #di #fh #hg #gd #dg #ae #ba #ac #ji #je #jb #jj #jh #ed #gb #hd #fi #de ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #ai #ab #aj #je #jb-jb #aj #fj #gf #ha #fb #dd #be #ah #aa #jh #jd #ja-jb #ad #fc #gi #gi #ee #db ,end4 #ag #aa #jh #jc #jj-jb #bf #ff #hb #gg #ee #dj ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean4 #ai #ac #ji #je #jb-ja #aj #ee #gd #hb #fe #dd ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #ahgi #e #cg #cb #bg #be #bb #bj #ba #ea #ga #gi #ei #dd #aj #cf #cj #bg #be #bb #ba #ba #ei #gj #ge #ed #dj #ae #ce #bi #bf #be #bb #bc #bf #fe #gb #gf #ej #ch ---------------------------------------- ------------- #bj #cd #bi #bf #bd #ba #bb #ce #fi #gg #gd #dg #cg #be #cc #bh #be #bc #ba #bb #ci #gj #hj #gc #de #ce ,end4 #cb #bh #be #bc #bj #ba #di #ga #ha #ff #dc #ce ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mean4 #ce #bi #bf #bd #ba #ba #cb #fd #ge #gd #ej #ch ,ref]r$ to z]o z ,r4 ,l4 #abbe4 ,,table ,,lxvii4 7cont9u$74--,cairo gauges 7,roda isl&74 #aijb ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #bgh #a #bjh #agc #agi #cff #dhg #a #efh #e #bgd #b #bjg #age #agh #cfa #dib #e #efj #aj #bfh #c #bjb #age #agf #cfd #eja #aj #eea #ae #bdi #d #bjj #agh #age #cfd #ead #ae #eeg #bj #bbe #e #bjj #ahj #age #cff #ebc #bj #eff ------------------------------ #be #baf #f #bjj #ahj #agf #cff #ebh #be #eej #cj #bbg #g #bjj #ahj #agi #cfh #ecj #cj #ebb --------- -------- ,mean4 #bde #h #aih #ahb #ahh #cgb #ecj,mean4 #eec -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i #aii #ahc #aih #cgg #ece ,nov4 #a #bbg #aj #aii #ahb #bjg #chj #eda #a #eaa ------------------------------ #e #bbe #aa #aih #ahj #baf #cha #edi #e #dif #aj #bbj #ab #aih #ahj #bbe #chd #eed #aj #dfe #ae #bbj #ac #aif #aha #bcb #chf #eee #ae #ddd #bj #bbg #ad #aif #ahj #bch #chh #eec #bj #dch #be #bbb #ae #aid #ahj #bda #cij #eeb #be #cie ------------------------------ #bh #bcg #af #aid #agi #bdg #cic #eec #cj #cia --------- -------- ,mean4 #bbe #ag #aia #agh #bej #cie #eee,mean4 #ddi -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah #ahf #agf #beb #cig #eef ,dec4 #a #bcg #ai #ahf #aga #bef #djb #eeh #a #cic #e #bcb #bj #ahf #afh #beh #dac #efd #e #cgj ------------------------------ #aj #bcj #ba #ahf #aff #bfd #dbf #efg #aj #cbi #ae #bcd #bb #ahd #afd #bgj #dcc #egd #ae #cje #bj #bcj #bc #ahb #aff #bhb #ddj #egg #bj #cje #be #bbi #bd #ahb #afi #bid #ddg #egg #be #bie #cj #bbi #be #ahj #aga #cje #dea #egg #cj #bgh --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #bcb #bf #ahj #agf #cac #deh #ega,mean4 #cbe -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg #agh #agh #cbc #dfe #egj #a #bbi #bh #agh #ahj #cce #dgb #efi #e #bbg #bi #agg #ahj #cej #dgi #efi #aj #bji #cj #age #ahj #ced #dhc #efh ------------------------------ #ae #bab #ca #agd 44 #ceg #dhe 44 ------------------------------ #bj #bab ,mean4 #aib #agf #bde #djg #edd ------------------------------ #be #bjg #cj #bjh --------- ,mean4 #bae ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #abbe metres4 #aijc ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4 ,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #bgh #a #bjc #ahg #cbe #cgc #fah #a #fai #e #bfi #b #bjb #aic #cdh #cgf #faa #e #fcd #aj #bfd #c #bjj #aif #cee #cgf #faa #aj #ffc #ae #bfg #d #bjj #aih #ced #cgh #fji #ae #ffa #bj #bea #e #aif #aih #cei #chj #fjf #bj #fgb ------------------------------ #be #bdc #f #aic #aih #ceg #chd #fjd #be #fij #cj #bcf #g #ahi #aih #ced #chi #fjb #cj #eia --------- -------- ,mean4 #bef #h #ahd #aii #ceg #chi #fje,mean4 #fdg -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i #aha #bjj #ced #cia #fjg ,nov4 #a 44 #aj #agi #bjc #cee #cib #fad #a #fah ------------------------------ #e #bdg #aa #agg #bjf #ceg #cid #fah #e #fae #aj #bdc #ab #agi #bjf #ceg #djb #fba #aj #eij #ae #bch #ac #agi #bjg #ceg #djf #fbe #ae #ebc #bj #bch #ad #agg #bjh #cei #dai #ebg #bj #dfg #be #bcc #ae #age #baj #cfj #dbd #fbi #be #dej ------------------------------ #bh #bcj #af #agi #baf #cfb #dcc #fcc #cj #dbf --------- -------- ,mean4 #bch #ag #agi #bbj #cfd #ddj #fcf,mean4 #ebg -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah 44 #bbj #cff #ddi #fci ,dec4 #a #bbi #ai 44 #bbe #cfd #dfi #fda #a #dbb #e #bbd #bj #age #bcb #cfh #dhi #fda #e #djh ------------------------------ #aj #bcf #ba #age #bcf #cfd #ejc #fci #aj #cii #ae #bcb #bb #agf #bci #cff #eae #fcf #ae #cej #bj #bcc #bc #agg #cff #fcc #bj #ccc #be #bda #bd #age #bde #cff #edj #fbh #be #cja #cj #bdb #be #agh #bdh #cfi #eee #fbe #cj #bhf --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #bcd #bf 44 #bej #cfh #egb #fbj,mean4 #ceg -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg #ahj #bed #cfi #ehd #fae #a #bdj #bh #ahc #bfa #cfi #eic #faa #e #bch #bi #ahe #bhb #cff #fje #faj #aj #bbe #cj #ahc #cja #cgj #fae #fae ------------------------------ #ae #bbb #ca #ahc 44 #cgb #fah 44 ------------------------------ #bj #bdj ,mean4 #ahd #bbe #ceh #dfa #fbb ------------------------------ #be #bbj #cj #bjd --------- ,mean4 #bbg ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #abbe metres4 #aijd ,date4 ,mon?4 ,date4 ,may4,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4,date4,mon?4 gu/4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,janu>y4 ,octob]4 #a #bhb #a #beh #bfj #cei #chh #efh #a 44 #e #bfi #b #beh #bfe #cei #cic #eff #e 44 #aj #bab #c #bef #cje #ceg #djd #efd #aj 44 #ae #bed #d #bef #bij #cef #dae #efb #ae 44 #bj #bdg #e #beg #bge #cei #dbf #efe #bj 44 ------------------------------ #be #bda #f #beg #bhj #cei #dch #efe #be 44 #cj #bdd #g #bed #bhd #cei #ddg #eff #cj 44 --------- -------- ,mean4 #bej #h #bef #bhf #ceg #def #efg,mean4 44 -------------- ------------- ,febru>y4 #i #bed #bhh #ceg #dfe #efi ,novem4 #a #bej #aj #bed #bib #ced #dgf #ege #a 44 ------------------------------ #e #bfb #aa #beb #big #ced #dhd #egi #e 44 #aj #bgd #ab #beb #cja #ced #ead #ehc #aj 44 #ae #bgj #ac #bed -- #cee #edj #ehd #ae 44 #bj #bff #ad #bef #cjh #ced #efb #ehb #bj 44 #be #bhc #ae #bed #cji #ceg #ehj #ehj #be 44 ------------------------------ #bh #bhc #af #beb #cjg #ced #eid #ehc #cj 44 --------- -------- ,mean4 #bgj #ag #bej #caj #ced #eie #ehe,mean4 44 -------------- ------------- ,m>*4 #ah #bed #cae #ced #eig #ehi ,decem4 #a #bgc #ai #bed #cbc #ced #eig #eic #a 44 #e #bgi #bj #beb #cce #ceb #eic #eib #e 44 ------------------------------ #aj #bge #ba #beb #cej #ceb #eia #eib #aj 44 #ae #bgj #bb #beb #ceg #ced #ehf #ehi #ae 44 #bj #bgj #bc #beb #cei #ced #ehb #ehf #bj 44 #be #bff #bd #bea #cfj #ced #egg #ehj #be 44 #cj #bfj #be #beb #cee #ceg #ege 44 #cj 44 --------------------------------------- -------- ,mean4 #bgj #bf #bef #cee #ceg #egd 44 ,mean4 44 -------------- ------------- ,april4 #bg #beg #ceg #ceg #egc 44 #a #bfa #bh #beh #ceg #ceg #egj 44 #e #bfa #bi #bef #ceh #cei #efi 44 #aj #bef #cj #bed #ceh #cgc #efh 44 ------------------------------ #ae #bfj #ca #bef 44 #chh #efh 44 ------------------------------ #bj #bch ,mean4 #bee #cab #cad #eae 44 ------------------------------ #be #baa #cj #beb -------------- ,mean4 #bdh ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #abbe metres4 ,,table ,,lxviii4--,gauges d[n/ream ( ! ,rosetta ,weir4 ,ye>4,date4 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,m>4 ,apr4 ,may4 ,jun4 ---------------------------------------- #aijb #a #ceg #bab #ajj #jjj-jej-jej #e #cec #aie #jhg-jdh-jej-jej #aj #cdj #agg #jfg-jde-jej-jab #ae #cab #aed #jca-jdh-jej #jjj ----------------------------------- #bj #bge #acg #jfj-jdg-jej-jjb #be #beh #aae #jcc-jej-jej #jjj #cj #bbd #jic-jbi-jej-jej #jjj ,mean #cjc #aee #jcf-jda-jej-jaf ---------------------------------------- #aijc #a #ceb #bef #add-jce-jdj-jdf #e #cdh #bbb #abe-jch-jdb-jdf #aj #cci #aid #jfg-jch-jdd-jdf #ae #cdd #ahh #jej-jdj-jde-jdf ----------------------------------- #bj #cbd #agi #jch-jdj-jdf-jdf #be #cjc #afb #jja-jdj-jdf-jdf #cj #bhj #aej-jcb-jdj-jdf-jdf ----------------------------------- ,mean #cbg #aic #jef-jci-jdd-jdf ---------------------------------------- #aijd #a #bih #bef #bbh #jjj-jcc-jce #e #bhj #cjf #abe-jbj-jcb-jce #aj #bga #bij #jej-jdj-jcb-jca #ae #bff #bge #jjj-jbe-jcb-jcb ----------------------------------- #bj #beg #beg #jjj-jdj-jcb-jcb #be #bed #bch #jjj-jcb-jcb-jaj #cj #bdd #bbh #jjj-jcd-jce-jbd ---------------------------------------- ,mean #bfg #bej #jeh-jbg-jcc-jbh ,ye>4,date4 ,jul4 ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ---------------------------------------- #aijb #a #jjj #aaj #dcj #ecf #ded #daj #e #jjj #aid #dhc #ebd #dbg #cfc #aj #jje #bjj #ejd #ejh #che #cij #ae #jjc #bbf #eaf #eab #cej #cie ----------------------------------- #bj #jjh #bhg #ebh #ecb #cch #cii #be #jaf #cgg #edj #ejh #caj #chd #cj #jid #dbb #ecf #dga #cih #ceh ,mean #jah #bfj #eje #eaa #chj #chi ---------------------------------------- #aijc #a -#jdc #aib #fab #fjj #fjg #cbj #e -#jcj #bge #eih #faa #fjj #bij #aj -#jbj #cde #fjj #fcc #ehf #cah #ae -#jab #dje #fab #fcc #ebd #caa ----------------------------------- #bj -#jgf #dbf #fbb #fdc #ddh #cjj #be -#jgj #ebd #fjg #fei #cie #cji #cj -#aej #fjc #eie #fbf #cdb #cjj ----------------------------------- ,mean-#jbg #cif #fjg #fbi #ejj #cjg ---------------------------------------- #aijd #a -#jbd #aej #eai 44 44 44 #e -#jbd #bhj #eaa 44 44 44 #aj -#jbd #cif #ebc 44 44 44 #ae -#jbd #ede #eca 44 44 44 ----------------------------------- #bj -#jbd #efc #ede 44 44 44 #be -#jbd #ecj 44 44 44 44 #cj #jbj #eai 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ,mean #jbc #dbf 44 44 44 44 ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #ajjj metres4 ,,table ,,lxix4--,gauges d[n/ream ( ! ,damietta ,weir4 ,ye>4,date4 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,m>4 ,apr4 ,may4 ,jun4 ---------------------------------------- #aijb #a #jdd #jej #jge #jad-jja #jbg #e #jdd #jee #jge #jjf-jja #jbg #aj #jda #jfe #jge #jjj-jja-jja #ae #jcf #jge #jge #jjj-jja-jjc ----------------------------------- #bj #jcd #jej #jbg-jja #jjg-jjd #be #jcb #jge #jag-jja #jaj-jjd #cj #jej #jge #jad-jja #jba-jjd ----------------------------------- ,mean4 #jdj #jfd #jea #jjb #jje #jje ---------------------------------------- #aijc #a #jdb #jcj #jbi #jeb-jab-jae #e #jce #jcj #jgg #jad-jab-jae #aj #jcc #jcj #jie #jjj-jad-jae #ae #jcc #jcj #jfh-jjb-jad-jae ----------------------------------- #bj #jcc #jcj #jfc-jjh-jae-jae #be #jcc #jcj #jfj-jaj-jae-jae #cj #jcj #jcj #jfg-jab-jae-jae ----------------------------------- ,mean4 #jcd #jcj #jff #jje-jad-jae ---------------------------------------- #aijd #a #cfj #bid #jgb #aee #jaa-jje #e #cea #ahh #bec #acg #jda-jjh #aj #cdf #jgg #cjf #ajj #jdf-jji #ae #cda #jge #bfe #jde #jbd-jji ----------------------------------- #bj #cce #jfh #bch #aeb #jjb-jji #be #ccb #jff #aif #aaf #jce #ajf #cj #cbd #jgb #ahb #jae-jjb #aig ----------------------------------- ,mean4 #cda #abj #baf #ajc #jbb #jch ,ye>4,date4 ,jul4 ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ---------------------------------------- #aijb #a -#jjd #aah #dcd #ebf #ded #bfb #e -#jjd #abj #dhj #ead #dbi #bjb #aj -#jjd #bbc #ejj #ejb #dja #abe #ae #jba #bgc #eab #ejf #chj #jhe ----------------------------------- #bj #jce #cdj #ebj #ebf #cge #jfj #be #jch #cih #ecj #ejb #ceb #jde #cj #abj #dbf #ebf #dff #bgg #jdb ----------------------------------- ,mean4 #jbi #bga #ejj #ejf #cha #aag ---------------------------------------- #aijc #a -#jac #ajj #fjf #fji #fae #dgg #e #jfg #jhj #fjh #fbb #fji #dgf #aj #jcc #jej #faj #fdh #eie #djj #ae #abj #bcj #fai #fdf #edf #ced ----------------------------------- #bj #ajj #dcb #fcj #feg #die #cdd #be #abj #ebi #fad #fge #dhg #cfh #cj #aaj #eih #fjf #fce #dhe #cfb ----------------------------------- ,mean4 #jgg #bhh #fac #fda #edf #cig ---------------------------------------- #aijd #a #bjb #cjh #ebj 44 44 44 #e #age #cfd #eaa 44 44 44 #aj #aaf #dbb #ebc 44 44 44 #ae #jej #eed #eca 44 44 44 ----------------------------------- #bj -#jjc #efi #edg 44 44 44 #be -#jje #ecb 44 44 44 44 #cj #bjj #ebj 44 44 44 44 ----------------------------------- ,mean4 #aje #dfg 44 44 44 44 ,z]o is ,r4 ,l4 #ajjj metres4 ,app5dix ,m4 ,,table ,,lxx4--,assun gauge4 ,pics ref]r$ to metres ) ,z]o at ,r4 ,l4 #hejj metres4 ,kirats4,,pics ,,& ,,kirats ,,conv]t$ ,,into ,,metres1 ,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,z]o ,,at ,r4 ,l4 #hejj ,,metres1 ,,or #a ,,pic #ad ---------------------------------------- --------- ,pic #j4 ,pic #a4 ,pic #b4 ,pic #c4 ,pic #d4 ,pic #e4 ,pic #f4 ---------------------------------------- --------- metres4metres4metres4metres4metres4metre s4metres4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #j -#hd -#cj #bd #gh #acb #ahf #bdj #a -#hb -#bh #bf #hj #acd #ahh #bdb #b -#hj -#be #bh #hb #acg #aia #bde #c -#gh -#bc #ca #he #aci #aic #bdg #d -#ge -#ba #cc #hg #ada #aie #bej #e -#gc -#ai #ce #hi #adc #aig #beb #f -#ga -#ag #cg #ib #ade #bjj #bed #g -#fh -#ad #dj #id #adg #bjb #bef #h -#ff -#ab #db #if #aej #bjd #beh #i -#fd -#aj #dd #ih #aeb #bjf #bfj #aj -#fa -#jh #df #ajj #aee #bjh #bfc #aa -#ei -#jf #dh #ajb #aeg #baa #bfe #ab -#eg -#jd #jej #aje #aei #bac #bfg #ac -#ee -#jb #ec #ajg #afa #bae #bfi #ad -#eb #jjj #ee #aji #afc #bag #bga #ae -#ej #jc #eh #aab #aff #bbj #bgd #af -#dh #jf #fj #aad #afh #bbb #bgf #ag -#df #jh #fb #aaf #agj #bbd #bgh #ah -#dd #aj #fe #aah #agc #bbf #bha #ai -#da #ab #fg #aba #age #bbi #bhc #bj -#ci #ae #fi #abc #agg #bca #bhe #ba -#cg #ag #ga #abe #agi #bcc #bhg #bb -#ce #bj #gd #abg #ahb #bce #bij #bc -#cb #bb #gf #acj #acd #bch #bib ,kirats4,,pics ,,& ,,kirats ,,conv]t$ ,,into ,,metres1 ,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,z]o ,,at ,r4 ,l4 #hejj ,,metres1 ,,or #a ,,pic #ad ---------------------------------------- -- ,pic #g4 ,pic #h4 ,pic #i4,pic #aj4,pic #aa4,pic #ab4 ---------------------------------------- -- metres4metres4metres4metres4metres4metre s4 ---------------------------------------- --------- #j #bid #cdh #djj #def #eaj #efd #a #big #cej #djc #deh #eab #eff #b #cjj #ceb #djf #dfj #ead #efh #c #cjb #cee #djh #dfc #eag #ega #d #cjd #ceg #daa #dfe #eai #egc #e #cjf #cei #dac #dfg #eba #ege #f #cjh #cfa #daf #dgj #ebd #egg #g #caj #cfd #dah #dgb #ebf #ehj #h #cab #cff #dbj #dgd #ebh #ehb #i #cad #cfh #dbb #dgf #ecj #ehd #aj #caf #cgj #dbd #dgh #ecb #ehf #aa #cai #cgc #dbg #dha #ece #ehi #ab #cba #cge #dbi #dhc #ecg #eia #ac #cbc #cgg #dca #dhe #eci #eic #ad #cbe #cgi #dcc #dhh #edb #eif #ae #cbh #chb #dcf #dij #edd #eih #af #ccj #chd #dch #dib #edf #fjj #ag #ccb #chf #ddj #did #edh #fjb #ah #cce #chh #ddb #dif #eej #fjd #ai #ccg #cij #ddd #dih #eec #fjg #bj #cci #cib #ddf #ejj #eee #fji #ba #cda #cid #ddh #ejc #eeg #faa #bb #cdc #cif #dej #eje #efj #fad #bc #cdf #cih #dec #ejh #efb #faf ,kirats4,,pics ,,& ,,kirats ,,conv]t$ ,,into ,,metres1 ,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,z]o ,,at ,r4 ,l4 #hejj ,,metres1 ,,or #a ,,pic #ad ---------------------------------------- -- ,pic #ac4,pic #ad4,pic #ae4,pic #af4,pic #ag4,pic #ah4 ---------------------------------------- -- metres4metres4metres4metres4metres4metre s4 ---------------------------------------- --------- #j #fah #fgb #gbf #ghj #hcd #hhh #a #fbj #fgd #gbh #ghb #hcf #hij #b #fbb #fgf #gcj #ghd #hch #hib #c #fbe #fgi #gcc #ghg #hda #hid #d #fbg #fha #gce #gh #hdc #hif #e #fbi #fhc #gcg #gia #hde #hih #f #fca #fhe #gci #gic #hdh #ijj #g #fcd #fhh #gdb #gif #hej #ijc #h #fcf #fij #gdd #gih #heb #ijf #i #fch #fib #gdf #hjj #hed #ijh #aj #fda #fie #gdh #hjb #heg #iaj #aa #fdc #fig #gej #hje #hei #iac #ab #fde #gjj #gec #hjg #hfa #iae #ac #fdg #gjb #gee #hji #hfc #iag #ad #fej #gjd #geh #daa #hfe #iai #ae #feb #gjf #gfj #had #hfh #ibb #af #fed #gjh #gfb #haf #hgj #ibd #ag #fef #gaj #gfd #hah #hgb #ibf #ah #feh #gac #gff #hbj #hgd #ibi #ai #ffj #gae #gfi #hbc #hgg #ica #bj #ffc #gag #gga #hbe #hgi #icc #ba #ffe #gai #ggc #hbg #hha #ice #bb #ffh #gba #gge #hbi #hhc #icg #bc #fgj #gbd #ggh #hcb #hhf #idj ,,table ,,lxxi4--,cairo gauge4 ,pics ref]r$ to metres ) ,z]o at ,r4 ,l4 #abbe metres4 ,kirats4,,pics ,,& ,,kirats ,,conv]t$ ,,into ,,metres1 ,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,z]o ,,at ,r4 ,l4 #hejj ,,metres1 ,,or #a ,,pic #ad ---------------------------------------- --------- ,pic #h4 ,pic #i4,pic #aj4,pic #aa4,pic #ab4,pic #ac4,pic #ad4 ---------------------------------------- --------- metres4metres4metres4metres4metres4metre s4metres4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #j #hi #adh #bjc #bfb #caf #cfi #dah #a #ia #aej #bje #bfe #cah #cga #dbj #b #ic #aeb #bjh #bfg #cbj #cgc #dbb #c #ie #aed #baj #bgj #cbb #cge #dbd #d #ig #aef #bac #bgb #cbd #cgg #dbf #e #ajj #aei #bae #bgd #cbg #cgi #dbh #f #ajb #afa #bah #bgf #cbi #chb #dcj #g #aje #afc #bba #bgh #cca #chd #dcb #h #ajg #afe #bbd #bhj #ccd #chf #dcd #i #aji #afg #bbf #bhb #ccg #chh #dcf #aj #aaa #afi #bbi #bhd #cci #cij #dch #aa #aac #agb #bca #bhf #cda #cib #ddj #ab #aae #agd #bcc #bhh #cdc #cid #ddb #ac #aag #agf #bce #bij #cdf #cif #ddd #ad #abj #agh #bcg #bic #cdh #cih #ddf #ae #abb #aha #bci #bie #cej #djj #ddh #af #abe #ahc #bdb #big #ceb #djb #dej #ag #abh #ahf #bde #cjj #ced #djd #deb #ah #aca #ahh #bdh #cjb #cef #djf #ded #ai #acd #aia #bej #cjd #ceh #djh #def #bj #acg #aid #beb #cjf #cfj #daj #deh #ba #adj #aif #bee #cji #cfb #dab #dfj #bb #adb #aih #beg #caa #cfd #dad #dfb #bc #ade #bjj #bfj #cac #cff #daf #dfd ,kirats4,,pics ,,& ,,kirats ,,conv]t$ ,,into ,,metres1 ,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,z]o ,,at ,r4 ,l4 #hejj ,,metres1 ,,or #a ,,pic #ad ---------------------------------------- -- ,pic #ae4,pic #af4,pic #ag4,pic #ah4,pic #ai4,pic #bj4 ---------------------------------------- -- metres4metres4metres4metres4metres4metre s4 ---------------------------------------- --------- #j #dff #eae #eci #efd #eia #fah #a #dfh #eaf #edj #efe #eib #fai #b #dgj #eag #eda #eff #eic #fbj #c #dgb #eah #edb #efg #eid #fba #d #dgd #eai #edc #efh #eif #fbc #e #dgf #ebj #edd #efi #eig #fbd #f #dgh #eba #ede #egj #eih #fbe #g #dhj #ebb #edf #ega #eii #fbf #h #dhb #ebc #edg #egb #fjj #fbg #i #dhd #ebd #edh #egd #fja #fbh #aj #dhf #ebe #edi #ege #fjb #fbi #aa #dhh #ebf #eej #egf #fjc #fca #ab #dij #ebg #eea #egg #fjd #fcb #ac #dib #ebh #eeb #egh #fje #fcc #ad #did #ebi #eec #egi #fjg #fcd #ae #dif #ecj #eed #ehj #fjh #fce #af #dih #eca #eee #eha #fji #fcf #ag #ejj #ecb #eeg #ehc #faj #fcg #ah #ejb #ecc #eeh #ehd #fab #fci #ai #ejd #ecd #eei #ehe #fac #fdj #bj #ejf #ece #efj #ehg #fad #fda #ba #eji #ecf #efa #ehh #fae #fdb #bb #eaa #ecg #efb #ehi #faf #fdc #bc #eac #ech #efc #eij #fag #fdd ,kirats4,,pics ,,& ,,kirats ,,conv]t$ ,,into ,,metres1 ,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,z]o ,,at ,r4 ,l4 #hejj ,,metres1 ,,or #a ,,pic #ad ---------------------------------------- -- ,pic #ba4,pic #bb4,pic #bc4,pic #bd4,pic #be4,pic #bf4 ---------------------------------------- -- metres4metres4metres4metres4metres4metre s4 ---------------------------------------- --------- #j #fdf #fgd #gbf #ghc #hce #hhh #a #fdg #fgf #gbh #ghe #hcg #hia #b #fdh #fgh #gca #ghg #hci #hic #c #fdi #fhj #gce #ghi #hda #hie #d #fej #fhc #gcg #gia #hdc #hig #e #fea #fhe #gci #gic #hdf #ijj #f #feb #fhg #gda #gif #hdh #ijb #g #fec #fhi #gdc #gih #hej #ijd #h #fed #fia #gdf #hjj #heb #ijf #i #fef #fic #gdh #hjb #hed #iji #aj #feg #fif #gej #hjd #hef #iaa #aa #feh #fih #geb #hjf #hei #iac #ab #fei #gjj #ged #hji #hfa #iae #ac #ffa #gjb #gef #haa #hfc #iah #ad #ffb #gjd #gei #hac #hfe #ibj #ae #ffc #gjf #gfa #hae #hfh #ibb #af #ffd #gji #gfc #hag #hgj #ibd #ag #ffe #gaa #gff #hbj #hgb #ibf #ah #fff #gac #gfh #hbb #hgd #ibi #ai #ffh #gaf #gga #hbd #hgf #ica #bj #ffi #gah #ggc #hbf #hgi #icc #ba #fgj #gbj #gge #hbi #hha #ice #bb #fga #gbb #ggh #hca #hhc #icg #bc #fgc #gbd #ghj #hcc #hhe #idj ,app5dix ,n4 ,,table ,,lxxii4--,table = ,conv]t+ ,cubic ,metres p] ,day into ,cubic ,metres p] ,second4 ,cubic metres,cubic metres p] day4 p] second4 ------------------------ #aj1jjj #jaaeg #bj1jjj #jbcae #cj1jjj #jcdgb #dj1jjj #jdfcj #ej1jjj #jeghg #fj1jjj #jfidd #gj1jjj #jhajb #hj1jjj #jibei #ij1jjj #ajdag #ajj1jjj #aaegd #aej1jjj #agcfa #bjj1jjj #bcadh #bej1jjj #bhice #cjj1jjj #cdgbb #cej1jjj #djeji #djj1jjj #dfbif #dej1jjj #ebjhc #ejj1jjj #eghgj #eej1jjj #fcfeg #fjj1jjj #fiddd #fej1jjj #gebca #gjj1jjj #hajah #gej1jjj #hfhje #hjj1jjj #ibeic #hej1jjj #ihchj #ijj1jjj #ajdafg #iej1jjj #ajiied #a1jjj1jjj #aaegda #a1bej1jjj #addfgf #a1ejj1jjj #agcfaa #a1gej1jjj #bjbedf #b1jjj1jjj #bcadha #b1bej1jjj #bfjdag #b1ejj1jjj #bhiceb #b1gej1jjj #cahbhg #c1jjj1jjj #cdgbbb #c1bej1jjj #cgfaeg #c1ejj1jjj #djejib #c1gej1jjj #dcdjbh #d1jjj1jjj #dfbifc #d1bej1jjj #diahih #d1ejj1jjj #ebjhcc #d1gej1jjj #edigfh #e1jjj1jjj #eghgjd #e1bej1jjj #fjgfci #e1ejj1jjj #fcfegd #e1gej1ajj #ffeeji #f1jjj1jjj #fidddd #f1bej1jjj #gbcchj #f1ejj1jjj #gebcae #f1gej1jjj #ghabej #g1jjj1jjj #hajahe #g1bej1jjj #hciabj #g1ejj1jjj #hfhjee #g1gej1jjj #hifiia #h1jjj1jjj #ibeibf #h1bej1jjj #iedhfa #h1ejj1jjj #ihcgif #h1gej1jjj #ajabgca #i1jjj1jjj #ajdaffg #i1bej1jjj #ajgjfjb #i1ejj1jjj #ajiiecg #i1gej1jjj #aabhdgb #aj1jjj1jjj #aaegdjg ,r\gh ,work+ ,approximations4 ,cubic metres,cubic metres p] day4 p] second4 ------------------------ #abe1jjj #ae #bej1jjj #c #ejj1jjj #f #gej1jjj #i #a1jjj1jjj #ab #b1jjj1jjj #bd #c1jjj1jjj #cf #d1jjj1jjj #dh #e1jjj1jjj #fj #f1jjj1jjj #gb #g1jjj1jjj #hd #h1jjj1jjj #if #i1jjj1jjj #ajh #aj1jjj1jjj #abj ,,table ,,lxxiii4--,table = conv]t+ ,cubic ,metres p] ,second into ,cubic ,metres p] ,day4 ,cubic metres ,cubic metres p] p] day4 second4 ------------------- #a #hf1djj #b #agb1hjj #c #bei1bjj #d #cde1fjj #e #dcb1jjj #f #eah1djj #g #fjd1hjj #h #fia1bjj #i #ggg1fjj #aj #hfd1jjj #aa #iej1djj #ab #a1jcf1hjj #ac #a1abc1bjj #ad #a1bji1fjj #ae #a1bif1jjj #af #a1chb1djj #ag #a1dfh1hjj #ah #a1eee1bjj #ai #a1fda1fjj #bj #a1gbh1jjj #ba #a1had1djj #bb #a1ijj1hjj #bc #a1ihg1bjj #bd #b1jgc1ejj #be #b1afj1jjj #bf #b1bdf1djj #bg #b1ccb1hjj #bh #b1dai1bjj #bi #b1eje1fjj #cj #b1eib1jjj #ca #b1fgh1djj #cb #b1gfd1hjj #cc #b1hea1bjj #cd #b1icg1fjj #ce #c1jbd1jjj #cf #c1aaj1djj #cg #c1aif1hjj #ch #c1bhc1bjj #ci #c1cfi1fjj #dj #c1def1jjj #da #c1edb1djj #db #c1fbh1hjj #dc #c1gae1bjj #dd #c1hja1fjj #de #c1hhh1jjj #df #c1igd1djj #dg #d1jfj1hjj #dh #d1adg1bjj #di #d1bcc1fjj #ej #d1cbj1jjj #ea #d1djf1djj #eb #d1dib1hjj #ec #d1egi1bjj #ed #d1ffe1fjj #ee #d1geb1jjj #ef #d1hch1djj #eg #d1ibd1hjj #eh #e1jaa1bjj #ei #e1jig1fjj #fj #e1ahd1jjj #fa #e1bgj1djj #fb #e1cef1hjj #fc #e1ddc1bjj #fd #e1ebi1fjj #fe #e1faf1jjj #ff #e1gjb1djj #fg #e1ghh1hjj #fh #e1hge1bjj #fi #e1ifa1fjj #gj #f1jdh1jjj #ga #f1acd1djj #gb #f1bbj1hjj #gc #f1cjg1bjj #gd #f1cic1fjj #ge #f1dhj1jjj #gf #f1eff1djj #gg #f1feb1hjj #gh #f1gci1bjj #gi #f1hbe1fjj #hj #f1iab1jjj #ha #f1iih1djj #hb #g1jhd1hjj #hc #g1aga1bjj #hd #g1beg1fjj #he #g1cdd1jjj #hf #g1dcj1djj #hg #g1eaf1hjj #hh #g1fjc1bjj #hi #g1fhi1fjj #ij #g1ggf1jjj #ia #g1hfb1djj #ib #g1idh1hjj #ic #h1jce1bjj #id #h1aba1fjj #ie #h1bjh1jjj #if #h1bid1djj #ig #h1chj1hjj #ih #h1dfg1bjj #ii #h1eec1fjj #ajj #h1fdj1jjj ,app5dix ,p4 ,,table ,,lxxiv4--,bombay ra9fall comp>$ ) ! ,assun gauges4 ,ye>4 ,,bombay ,,ra9fall ,,assu,n ,,gauge ,,9 ,,millimetres ,,9 ,,metres ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,june4,july4 ,au- ,sept4 ,total ,v>ia- ,au- ,sept4 ,v>iation gu/4 #d tion gu/4 f normal4 ,mon?s4 f ------------ normal4 ,aug4,sept4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahgd #dgd #ajdf #bhb #bgi #bjha #bfg #gif #heiabj #jia ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahge #fah #chi #caj #hjf #babc #cji #gcb #hjfjef #jch #ahgf #cbh #fjb #bbj #aai #abfi -#ede #gai #hchjdc #jgj ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahgg #ijd #bha #baf #bbf #afbg -#ahg #efg #faa-aji -#aeg ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahgh #eje #abbg #eah #dag #bffg #hec #fhd #hfbjjh #jid ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahgi #dbj #bhe #efg #adb #adad -#djj #gci #hacjfc #jde #ahhj #edd #dfe #ajd #egi #afib -#abb #fif #gdcjbj -#jbe #ahha #chg #gdg #dhc #aaf #agcc -#ha #eif #hjg-jhj #jci #ahhb #fii #fhc #he #bee #agbb -#ib #fjj #gcc-jgf -#jce #ahhc #cdf #ajaa #cah #cab #aihg #agc #gbj #giajdd #jbc #ahhd #cce #fee #chf #dcb #ahjh -#f #fjf #gjd-jgj -#jfd #ahhe #acj #eed #fde #cje #afcd -#ahj #gci #gfajfc -#jjg #ahhf #aajc #ijg #bgb #aff #bddh #fcd #fch #gfe-jch -#jjc ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahhg #faj #ghe #dde #dfc #bcjc #dhi #gie #hfbaai #jid ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahhh #dja #egc #bhi #abd #achg -#dbg #eii #ffa-jgg -#ajg ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahhi #eje #gge #bfj #fc #afjc -#baa #fhh #giajab #jbc #ahij #fjg #eed #bge #afh #afjd -#baj #gdg #hadjga #jdf #ahia #cdh #hcj #agj #ege #aibc #aji #fgi #ghcjjc #jae ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahib #cch #fjj #hch #efi #bcde #eca #gad #hfgjch #jii ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahic #edd #cii #cdc #aig #adhc -#cca #fig #gdcjba -#jbe #ahid #dbf #ffb #bah #cje #afaa -#bjc #gbg #hcgjea #jfi #ahie #deb #dee #djb #cjg #afaf -#aih #hjg #hajaca #jdb #ahif #gjc #ibc #ecf #da #bbjc #chi #fgc #hba-jjc #jec #ahig #cea #ghj #cea #ebj #bjjb #ahh #fbc #gec-jec -#jae #ahih #fdh #efd #acd #eac #ahei #de #gjg #haajca #jdc ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahii #ebg #aba #acc #hh #hfi -#ide #dbh #faf-bdh -#aeb ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijj #ddb #ejh #fjc #bjc #agef -#eh #fij #gacjad -#jee #aija #fbg #hdd #cfd #dg #ahhb #fh #fdh #gde-jbh -#jbc #aijb #bdh #cfi #dfh #gja #aghf -#bh #dbe #fdj-bea -#abh #aijc #dgb #fae #dgf #bbi #agib -#bb #efh #gcj-ajh -#jch #aijd 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,app5dix ,q4 ,,table ,,lxxv4--,/ation ,addis ,ababa4 7,meteorological data74 #aijb ,mon?4 ,,b>omet] ,,!rmomet] ,hu- ,,w9d ,,ra9fall mi- ,,9 ,,milli- di- ,,metres ------------------------ty4------------- ----------- ,mean4,v>ia-,mean,mean,mean4 ,direc- ,ve-,fall4 ,v>ia- tion max4m94 tion4loc- tion f ity4 f nor- nor- mal4 mal4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y 44 44 #bdc #ff #aed 44 ,s 44 #j 44 ,febru>y 44 44 #bbj #ic #aef 44,s #bb ,e 44 #fe 44 ,m>* 44 44 #bddajb #agc 44,s #bd ,e 44 #cg 44 ,april 44 44 #bbcaaa #afg 44,s #de ,e 44 #aaa 44 ,may 44 44 #bbgajc #afe 44,s #de ,e 44 #fa 44 ,june 44 44 #beb #ii #age 44,s #de ,e 44 #adb 44 ,july 44 44 #bejajb #agf 44,s #de ,e 44 #bje 44 ,augu/ 44 44 #bdhajj #agd 44,s #de ,e 44 #afg 44 ,septemb] 44 44 #bdh #ih #agc 44,s #de ,e 44 #abi 44 ,octob] 44 44 #bei #fi #afd 44,s #hh ,e 44 #af 44 ,novemb] 44 44 #bfd #ee #aei 44,s #hf ,e 44 #i 44 ,decemb] 44 44 #bef #de #aej 44 ,e 44 #ci 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 #bdd #hg #afe 44,s #dg ,e 44 #iha 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijc ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y 44 44 #bfj #hg #agd 44,s #ea ,e 44 #cb 44 ,febru>y 44 44 #bhb #hc #ahb 44,s #db ,e 44 #be 44 ,m>* 44 44 #bfgaje #ahf 44,s #de ,e 44 #id 44 ,april 44 44 #bghajj #ahi 44,s #de ,e 44 #hh 44 ,may 44 44 #begabb #ahi 44,s #de ,e 44 #aag 44 ,june 44 44 #bddajj #agb 44,s #de ,e 44 #aia 44 ,july 44 44 #bbdajj #afb 44,s #de ,e 44 #bgf 44 ,augu/ 44 44 #bafaje #afj 44,s #bi ,e 44 #bdh 44 ,septemb] 44 44 #bbe #ig #afa 44 ,s 44 #bbb 44 ,octob] 44 44 #bde #gc #aei 44,s #hj ,e 44 #bh 44 ,novemb] 44 44 #bdd #ej #adg 44 ,e 44 #j 44 ,decemb] 44 44 #bcf #fe #aej 44,n #hh ,e 44 #ah 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 #bdh #ia #agd 44,s #ec ,e 44 #acci 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijd ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y 44 44 #bed #df 44 44 44 #j 44 ,febru>y 44 44 #bei #hd 44 44 ,e 44 #bj 44 ,m>* 44 44 #bfb #ib 44 44,s #ei ,e 44 #abf 44 ,april 44 44 #bff #ii 44 44,s #ej ,e 44 #ca 44 ,may 44 44 #bgdaja 44 44,n #hj ,e 44 #da 44 ,june 44 44 44 44 44 44,n #hd ,e 44 44 44 ,july 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,augu/ 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,septemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,octob] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,novemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,decemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lxxvi4--,/ation ,wad ,m$ani 7,meteorological data74 #aijb ,mon?4 ,,b>omet] ,,!rmomet] ,hu- ,,w9d ,,ra9fall mi- ,,9 ,,milli- di- ,,metres ------------------------ty4------------- ----------- ,mean4,v>ia-,mean,mean,mean4 ,direc- ,ve-,fall4 ,v>ia- tion max4m94 tion4loc- tion f ity4 f nor- nor- mal4 mal4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,febru>y 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,m>* #gefb 44 #djbbji #cjf #ah,n #aj ,w 44 #j 44 ,april #geff 44 #daibhe #ceb #ac ,n 44 #j 44 ,may #gegb 44 #ddabfb #ceb #cj,s #gb ,w 44 #f 44 ,june #gege 44 #dcabdd #cch #da,s #cf ,w 44 #ec 44 ,july #gehi 44 #chgbch #cab #ei,s #cd ,w 44 #ace 44 ,augu/ #geha 44 #cigbab #cjd #fd,s #e ,w 44 #gh 44 ,septemb]#gehd 44 #djdbcd #cai #fj,s #i ,e 44 #gf 44 ,octob] #gehb 44 #dcbbfj #cdf #ch,n #ec ,e 44 #b 44 ,novemb] #gehc 44 #djhbbi #cah #bg,n #e ,w 44 #j 44 ,decemb] #geii 44 #cfgaia #bgi #cc,n #cd ,w 44 #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #cej 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijc ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfjc 44 #ccdafh #bea #cj,n #cc ,w 44 #j 44 ,febru>y #gfjh 44 #ccface #bcf #bh,n #f ,w 44 #j 44 ,m>* #gehd 44 #ciaafh #bhj #ac,n #h ,w 44 #j 44 ,april #geeb 44 #decbcd #cdd #ag,n #bd ,e 44 #j 44 ,may #geff 44 #ddibed #ceb #dj,s #f ,w 44 #a 44 ,june #gegc 44 #dcbbdf #cci #df,s #d ,w 44 #dd 44 ,july #gegh 44 #djebcf #cbj #eb,s #i ,w 44 #abd 44 ,augu/ #gegf 44 #chhbfd #cjf #fg,s #ac ,w 44 #ib 44 ,septemb]#gehb 44 #cicbei #cbf #ff,s #ba ,w 44 #eb 44 ,octob] #gegd 44 #dadbah #caf #ej,s #fc ,e 44 #j 44 ,novemb] #gehj 44 #djdbjh #cjf #ci,n #aj ,e 44 #j 44 ,decemb] #gehb 44 #cheafe #bge #dh,n #ba ,e 44 #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #gehj 44 #cidbac #cjd #da,n #d ,e 44 #cac 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijd ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gehb 44 #cgdagi #bgf #gc,n #ah ,e 44 #j #j ,febru>y #gehb 44 #cfcaeh #bfa #dj,n #a ,w 44 #j #j ,m>* #gefc -#aj #djdagg #bdf #bb,n #aj ,e 44 #j #j ,april #gefh #ji #daibjf #bhd #ab,n #c ,w 44 #j #j ,may #geff -#jc #dbebdc #cag #bg ,s 44 #dj #cf ,june #gegi #je #dbaabc #bgb #da ,s 44 #j -#di ,july #gegg -#jd #cieadc #bfi #dc ,s 44 #gj -#dj ,augu/ #gehb #jb #djibbd #caf #fa ,s 44 #fg -#ab ,septemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,octob] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,novemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,decemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lxxvii4--,/ation ,kh>t\m 7,meteorological data74 #aijb ,mon?4 ,,b>omet] ,,!rmomet] ,hu- ,,w9d ,,ra9fall mi- ,,9 ,,milli- di- ,,metres ------------------------ty4------------- ----------- ,mean4,v>ia-,mean,mean,mean4 ,direc- ,ve-,fall4 ,v>ia- tion max4m94 tion4loc- tion f ity4 f nor- nor- mal4 mal4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #geid #j #bhgadb #bjj #bf,n #d ,e #bh #j 44 ,febru>y #gehc -#jb #cdgaia #bfa #ah,n #ag ,e #ba #j 44 ,m>* #gefa -#ad #chjbac #bhj #ad,n #ab ,e 8 #j 44 ,april #gefj #ab #ciibcf #caj #ac,n #ah ,e 8 #j 44 ,may #gedh #jc #dcjbgb #cda #ai,n #fc ,w #ba #j 44 ,june #gefj #ji #daebfe #cca #bg,s #ab ,w #bd #j 44 ,july #gega #jh #cijbcd #cja #dg,s #d ,w #bg #aaf 44 ,augu/ #gefb -#ja #ciabdg #cab #df,s #ab ,w #bj #e 44 ,septemb]#gefh #ab #ciebdh #cjj #da,s #bc ,w #bc #b 44 ,octob] #gegd #je #chabbg #big #cj,n #ac ,e #bb #j 44 ,novemb] #geha #jb #biaahg #beh #bf,n #cj ,e #ba #j 44 ,decemb] #geif #ji #bicacg #baj #bh,n #bd ,e #bb #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #gega #jd #cfgbag #bhc #bh,n #cc ,e #bc #abc 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijc ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfjj #ab #bfiaaf #ahf #ca,n #h ,e #bc #j 44 ,febru>y #gfae #cj #bhbabf #aie #cb,n #h ,w #bc #j 44 ,m>* #gfje #cj #cbfaea #bce #ah,n #ae ,w #bj #j 44 ,april #gegj #bb #ciibjh #cjb #ah,n #cg ,e #ai #j 44 ,may #gegg #cb #djibdg #cbc #bh,s #dc ,e #aj #bd 44 ,june #gegd #bc #dadbeh #ccj #bh,s #g ,w #ba #j 44 ,july #geha #ah #chgbea #caf #cf,s #a ,w #ae #ah 44 ,augu/ #geha #ah #cgebdc #caj #dd,s #cj ,w #ah #ab 44 ,septemb]#gehi #cc #chjbji #cja #dj,s #ab ,w #ae #ad 44 ,octob] #gehf #ag #chgbbh #cjc #cb,n #b ,w #ae #j 44 ,novemb] #geii #bj #cfibji #bhj #cb,n #ae ,e #ac #j 44 ,decemb] #gfjj #ac #cdiahj #beb #cd,n #bb ,e #ac #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #geij #bd #cfbbjb #bgh #ca,n #ah ,e #ah #fh 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijd ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfjb #jh #cagafc #bbh #cc,n #ae ,e #ac #j 44 ,febru>y #gfjd #ai #caiaff #bcd #bf,n #f ,e #ad #j #j ,m>* #gehj #je #cfjahd #bff #ah,n #ae ,e #ag #j #j ,april #gehj #cb #chhbjb #bid #af,n #a ,e #ai #j #j ,may #gegh #cc #dafbcb #cbf #bj,n #i ,w #ag #j -- ,june #gehe #cd #dbfbef #ccc #be,s #b ,w #ae #j - #e ,july #gegf #ac #cicbdi #cba #eb,s #dd ,w 44 #ce -#bj ,augu/ #gehc #af #ciibeh #cbh #ej,s #bh ,w 44 #gf #de ,septemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,octob] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,novemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,decemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lxxviii4--,/ation ,b]b]4 7,meteorological data74 #aijb ,mon?4 ,,b>omet] ,,!rmomet] ,hu- ,,w9d ,,ra9fall mi- ,,9 ,,milli- di- ,,metres ------------------------ty4------------- ----------- ,mean4,v>ia-,mean,mean,mean4 ,direc- ,ve-,fall4 ,v>ia- tion max4m94 tion4loc- tion f ity4 f nor- nor- mal4 mal4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,febru>y 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,m>* #gefc 44 #cijbjj #bie #bf,n #e ,e 44 #j 44 ,april #geei 44 #cidbje #cjj #ad,n #e ,e 44 #j 44 ,may #geef 44 #deebei #ceg #ac,n #ad ,e 44 #j 44 ,june #geef 44 #ddhbfg #ceh #af,n #bj ,e 44 #j 44 ,july #gega 44 #dbbbec #cch #cb,s #hb ,w 44 #j 44 ,augu/ 44 44 #dcbbib #cfb #bh,n #dc ,w 44 #j 44 ,septemb] 44 44 #dhcbfi #cgf #ca,s #bc ,w 44 #j 44 ,octob] 44 44 #cicbcd #cad #dj,n #ci ,e 44 #j 44 ,novemb] 44 44 #cecaij #bgb #cd,n #e ,w 44 #j 44 ,decemb] 44 44 #ccjadg #bch #dj,n #ae ,w 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijc ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y -- 44 #bhdabc #bjd #dj,n #bj ,w 44 #j 44 ,febru>y #gfaf 44 #bidacj #bab #cd,n #bc ,w 44 #j 44 ,m>* #geib 44 #cdcaaj #bbf #bb,n #af ,w 44 #j 44 ,april #gefb 44 #ddgaeg #bhg #bg,n #e ,w 44 #j 44 ,may #gefd 44 #dcabjd #cah #ce,n #fc ,e 44 #j 44 ,june #geef 44 #debbaj #cca #eh,n #bj ,w 44 #j 44 ,july #gefj 44 #dbibaj #cbj #eg,n #ef ,w 44 #j 44 ,augu/ #geef 44 #dcgaij #cad #eh,n #gf ,w 44 #j 44 ,septemb]#gega 44 #dbcaij #cjf #eh,n #aj ,w 44 #j 44 ,octob] #gegf 44 #djgagj #bhh #di,n #ae ,e 44 #j 44 ,novemb] #gehi 44 #cfeada #beb #fd,n #g ,e 44 #j 44 ,decemb] #gehi 44 #ccgajf #bbb #ed,n #b ,e 44 #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #geef 44 #cheafb #bgc #df,n #aj ,w 44 #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijd ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #geia 44 44 44 #bji #ee ,n 44 -- -- ,febru>y #geha -- #cdgacc #bdb #dh ,n 44 -- -- ,m>* #geeg -#ba #cejafd #beg #ce,n #b ,w 44 -- -- ,april #gefd #jd #chcaig #bij #ai,n #c ,e 44 -- -- ,may #gefc #jc #dahbdi #ccd #be,n #i ,e 44 -- -- ,june #gefb #jf #dcbbfj #cdf #ah,n #bj ,w 44 -- -- ,july #geeh -#jf #dbabgj #cdf #cc,s #af ,w 44 -- -- ,augu/ #gefd -#jc #dbabfa #cda #bf,s #gg ,w 44 -- -- ,septemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,octob] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,novemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,decemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lxxix4--,/ation ,assun 7,meteorological data74 #aijb ,mon?4 ,,b>omet] ,,!rmomet] ,hu- ,,w9d ,,ra9fall mi- ,,9 ,,milli- di- ,,metres ------------------------ty4------------- ----------- ,mean4,v>ia-,mean,mean,mean4 ,direc- ,ve-,fall4 ,v>ia- tion max4m94 tion4loc- tion f ity4 f nor- nor- mal4 mal4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfef 44 #bbf #he #adh #ej ,n #ag #j 44 ,febru>y #gfdd 44 #cjfaad #bja #bc ,n #ag #j 44 ,m>* #gfac 44 #cagacd #bbj #be,n #h ,w #ah #j 44 ,april #gfjb 44 #ceeahb #bff #bc,n #ae ,w #ag #j 44 ,may #geig 44 #dafbci #cbf #af,n #e ,w #ba #j 44 ,june #gegg 44 #dagbcc #cbd #bj,n #f ,w #ai #j 44 ,july #gegf 44 #dacbdj #cbe #bj,n #ej ,w #ag #j 44 ,augu/ #gegb 44 #dadbci #cbe #bj,n #ae ,w #ah #j 44 ,septemb]#gehi 44 #dabbci #caf #cb,n #ah ,w #ah #j 44 ,octob] #gfai 44 #cgibaa #bhe #da,n #a ,w #ah #j 44 ,novemb] #gfdj 44 #bijadb #bjh #dc ,n #bj #j 44 ,decemb] #gfff 44 #bch #ib #adc #eb,n #b ,w #ai #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #gfac 44 #cdhagi #beg #cj,n #aj ,w #ah #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijc ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfgg 44 #bbj #he #acf #ef ,n #ag #j 44 ,febru>y #gfhc 44 #bcg #ia #aea #dd ,n #ai #j 44 ,m>* #gfdf 44 #bhaabg #aij #ch ,n #ba #j 44 ,april #gfja 44 #cgcahh #bfc #cb ,n #bb #j 44 ,may #gfhi 44 #djibbi #bhf #ce,n #d ,e #ag #j 44 ,june #gege 44 #dacbdb #caf #bc,n #a ,e #bb #j 44 ,july #gefh 44 #daebdc #cai #bb,n #a ,w #ai #j 44 ,augu/ #gefb 44 #dcebed #cag #be ,n #ba #j 44 ,septemb]#gege 44 #dadbbc #bhh #cj ,n #ai #j 44 ,octob] #gehf 44 #cieaie #bfd #cd ,n #ai #j 44 ,novemb] #gfaa 44 #cdfadi #bab #ch ,n #ag #j 44 ,decemb] #gfae 44 #cjjaaf #agh #df ,n #ag #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #gfaf 44 #cecagh #bdc #ce ,n #ai #j 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijd ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfbc 44 #bdg #ha #adg #dh ,n #ah #j 44 ,febru>y #gfbe 44 #bgaaja #afh #dc ,n #ag #j 44 ,m>* #geii 44 #caaaca #bjd #ca ,n #bb #j 44 ,april #gehh 44 #cdaaga #bdc #bh,n #e ,w #ai #j 44 ,may #gehf 44 #cfeaii #bgc #bf,n #e ,e #bc #j 44 ,june #gegh 44 #djbbcj #cab #bc,n #bb ,w #ai #j 44 ,july #geei 44 #djdbdd #cbd #bg ,n 44 #j 44 ,augu/ #geeh 44 #cfabcg #bii #cd ,n 44 #j 44 ,septemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,octob] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,novemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,decemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lxxx4--,/ation ,cairo 7,meteorological data74 #aijb ,mon?4 ,,b>omet] ,,!rmomet] ,hu- ,,w9d ,,ra9fall mi- ,,9 ,,milli- di- ,,metres ------------------------ty4------------- ----------- ,mean4,v>ia-,mean,mean,mean4 ,direc- ,ve-,fall4 ,v>ia- tion max4m94 tion4loc- tion f ity4 f nor- nor- mal4 mal4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfee #jh #agb #gb #aac #gg,n #jf ,w #fe #e -#b ,febru>y #gfdi #aj #bbh #hh #adg #fi,n #bh ,w #fa #f #c ,m>* #gfah -#je #bdbaja #afj #fb,n #dh ,w #hf #a -#d ,april #gfjd -#jd #bhhacd #bjj #ef,n #aj ,w#aji #j -#b ,may #gfaf #ab #ccdafc #bci #dg,n #h ,w#adi #j -#b ,june #geif -#jb #ceaahf #beh #ej,n #bj ,w#aad #j #j ,july #gehj #jf #cfabja #bgj #ee,n #ah ,w #dc #j #j ,augu/ #gehb #jc #cefbjd #bfh #fb,n #ab ,e #ej #j #j ,septemb]#gfjc -#jd #ccjaib #bdi #gj,n #bg ,e #cg #j #j ,octob] #gfbi #je #cajagj #bbh #ga,n #ae ,e #ef #j -#a ,novemb] #gfcj -#ac #bdjacf #agi #fg,s #ei ,w #ca #j -#f ,decemb] #gfee #jh #ahf #he #abf #fi,s #ce ,w #cg #a -#e ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #gfah #jb #bhcadd #bjc #fc,n #bd ,w #gj #ac -#ai ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijc ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfgb #be #agg #fj #ajg #hj,n #cf ,w #ea #b -#e ,febru>y #gfgf #cg #ahg #fb #aac #gb,s #fh ,w #ef #b -#a ,m>* #gfdb #ai #bbc #ic #adg #fi,n #bj ,w #gg #h #c ,april #gfjd -#jd #bifacf #bjc #eg,n #c ,e #ic #a -#a ,may #gfag #ac #cdjaed #bbf #dg,n #bb ,e#abj #j -#b ,june #geid -#jd #cdhahe #bfa #di,n #ba ,e#abj #j #j ,july #gehd #aj #cdfaig #bfa #fj,n #g ,w#ajj #j #j ,augu/ #gegh -#ja #cdgbjg #bff #fb,n #ad ,w #fj #j #j ,septemb]#gfad #jg #cjgaha #bcd #gb,n #d ,w #fj #j #j ,octob] #gfcg #ac #bhjaea #bje #gd,n #aj ,e #fd #j -#a ,novemb] #gfdi #jf #bcaajg #afj #fh,n #ab ,e #fa #j -#f ,decemb] #gfdc -#jd #bja #gh #abh #gf,n #gb ,e #dd #aj #d ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #gfbf #aj #bgdacd #aic #fe,n #b ,w #ge #bc -#i ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijd ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfch -#ji #aic #fi #aac #gc,n #ci ,e#ahe #i #b ,febru>y #gfcg -#jb #bcb #gf #acg #gd,s #bf ,w#aff #ai #af ,m>* #gfjg -#af #bch #if #aeb #gc,n #ea ,w#aff #j -#e ,april #gfjd -#jd #bgfabj #ahe #gb,n #cd ,e#aga #af #ad ,may #gfjd #j #cagaed #bbb #fe,n #bi ,w#adh #a #j ,june #geib -#jf #cdbagi #bej #ei,n #cj ,w#abd #j #j ,july #geff -#jf #cdiaie #bgb #fh,n #h ,w 44 #j 44 ,augu/ #gehb -#jf #cdfaie #bgj #gg,n #ad ,w 44 #j 44 ,septemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,octob] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,novemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,decemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,table ,,lxxxi4--,/ation ,alex&ria4 #aijb ,mon?4 ,,b>omet] ,,!rmomet] ,hu- ,,w9d ,,ra9fall mi- ,,9 ,,milli- di- ,,metres ------------------------ty4------------- ----------- ,mean4,v>ia-,mean,mean,mean4 ,direc- ,ve-,fall4 ,v>ia- tion max4m94 tion4loc- tion f ity4 f nor- nor- mal4 mal4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfde #jh #ahcajc #acc #gj,n #eb ,w #bb #ajd #ej ,febru>y #gfdd #ad #bbcabf #aei #fi,n #de ,e #ah #h -#ad ,m>* #gfac -#je #bjfacj #aeh #fh,n #ae ,w #ai #d -#ac ,april #gfjd -#aa #bbhadi #agh #ga,n #h ,e #ah #e #c ,may #gfbj #ae #bfhahb #bji #fd,n #bj ,e #af #j -#ac ,june #geii -#jf #bgaahf #bba #gb,n #e ,w #ag #j #j ,july #geha #ja #cjdbag #bdb #gc,n #bh ,w #ah #j #j ,augu/ #gehe -#ja #cahbcc #bea #gc,n #g ,w #ah #j #j ,septemb]#gfjd -#je #cbdbbe #bdf #gj,n #f ,e #ah #j -#a ,octob] #gfcj #jd #bgibjg #bcj #gd,n #dj ,e #af #e -#d ,novemb] #gfbb -#ah #bcdaeb #ahj #gb,n #fj ,w #ag #cf -#c ,decemb] #gfdc #jd #ahaajh #ace #gd,s #ga ,w #bc #ib #ab ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #gfaf #j #bebafi #aie #ga,n #aa ,w #ai #bed #bg ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijc ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfff #bi #afg #ih #abg #gh,n #f ,e #ah #ij #cf ,febru>y #gfgj #dj #aghajc #acb #gb,n #eb ,w #ah #cd #ab ,m>* #gfch #bj #aieaah #adh #gb,n #d ,e #ba #ad -#c ,april #gfje -#aj #bdbacg #aga #gb,n #cj ,e #ba #a -#b ,may #gfbb #ag #beiafh #bjf #gj,n #be ,e #ah #j -#ac ,june #geih -#jg #bghahe #bbj #gd ,n #bb #j #j ,july #gehe #je #biabja #bcg #gd,n #bb ,w #bf #j #j ,augu/ #gegg -#ji #cjhbjf #bdd #gh,n #ag ,w #ba #j #j ,septemb]#gfad #je #cjjahi #bcc #fh,n #b ,w #bb #j -#a ,octob] #gfcf #aj #bgbaga #baj #gj,n #ag ,e #ba #j -#i ,novemb] #gfde #je #bcfaca #aga #gb,n #b ,e #be #aj -#bh ,decemb] #gfcg -#jb #bacaad #aeb #gf,n #fb ,w #ah #bd -#eg ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean #gfbd #jh #bdeafj #ahf #gc,n #e ,w #ba #agc -#fe ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #aijd ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,janu>y #gfci #jb #ahe #ia #abd #gf,n #c ,e #bc #fc #i ,febru>y #gfci #ji #bajajb #ach #gi,n #ac ,w #ba #ac -#aj ,m>* #gfjh -#aj #babaad #ade #gg,n #h ,e #bi #a -#af ,april #gfaf -#ja #bcaacd #afb #hb,n #ab ,w #bh #b #j ,may #gfae #aj #bfbafc #ahh #he,n #c ,w #bd -- -#ac ,june #gfjd -#ja #bheaib #bai #hc,n #ab ,w #bh #j - #j ,july #gefe #jd #cjbbaj #bef #gc,n #dj ,w #be #j -#j ,augu/ #gehb #je #cjgbad #bfj #gb,n #ab ,w #be #a #a ,septemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,octob] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,novemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,decemb] 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,mean 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 ,,index ,a ,abai riv]1 #ac ,abu ,zeid =d1 #db ,abydos spr+ level1 #fg ,abyss9ia1 #ac1 #ai1 #dc ,ad>ma1 #de ,addis ,ababa1 #af1 #bj1 #dd1 #bad ,aird1 ,sir ,john1 #ge ,akobo1 #cg ,alb]t ,lake1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #ae1 #ah1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca ---- ---- res]voir1 #ha1 #hb1 #hg1 #ij ---- ---- tribut>ies1 #ca ,alb]t ,nile 9 #ahda1 #ch ---- ---- cat*m5t bas91 #ag1 #aai ---- ---- description1 #ca-ce ---- ---- obs]v$ dis*>ges1 #abi-acd ---- ---- dis*>ges1 #bb1 #ef1 #ha1 #hb1 #ic ---- ---- dis*>ge table1 #add1 #ade ---- ---- gauges1 #afh-agd ---- ---- projects1 #eh1 #ha1 #hi-ib ---- ---- slopes1 #ad1 #abj ---- ---- tribut>ies1 #ca1 #cb1 #cd ---- ---- velocities1 #ae1 #aba ,alex&ria1 #bj1 #bbj ,ambat*1 #ca1 #ib ,am5emhat1 #dg1 #ff1 #gi ,analysis ( wat] & soil1 #fb1 #ajj-aja ,&]son1 ,mr4 ,lang1 #fd ,app5dices1 #aag ,arab1 ,bahr el1 #cf ,assi\t ,weir1 #di1 #aej ,asua ,riv]1 #cb ,assun gauge comp>$ to ,bombay ra9fall1 #bac ---- dam1 #dh1 #fa1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg1 #hg1 #hi ---- di/ances f & to1 #abd1 #abe ---- dis*>ges1 #be1 #eh-fj1 #aci-adb ---- dis*>ge table1 #aej ---- gauges1 #dh1 #eb1 #id1 #ig1 #ih1 #aec1 #aeh1 #afd-aff1 #aid-bjb1 #bji ---- meteorological data1 #bj1 #bah ,atem riv]1 #cb1 #cc1 #ij ,atb>a riv]1 cat*m5t bas91 #ag1 #ai1 #aai ---- ---- description1 #ac1 #de1 #fi ---- ---- dis*>ges1 #bd1 #dg1 #eh1 #fj1 #ach-adj ---- ---- dis*>ge table1 #adi ---- ---- gauges at ,kha%m el ,girba1 #ahh1 #ahi ---- ---- tribut>ies1 #de ,b ,bah>ia ,oasis1 #aji ,bak]1 ,sir ,b5jam91 #ge ,bak]1 ,sir ,samuel1 #aa1 #cd1 #ci1 #dj ,b>ometric read+s1 #bae-bbj ,b>ois1 ,m4 ,j41 #fa1 #fb ,b>rages1 ,!1 #ej1 #ec1 #ed1 #gd1 #hb1 #ii1 #abc1 #abd1 #aea1 #aeb1 #bjg1 #bjh ,basalt1 #bb1 #aad ,bas9 irrigation1 #ei1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg1 #fh1 #gi1 #ic1 #id1 #ii1 #ajj1 #aei-aff ---- ---- 9 ! ,sudan1 #ajb ,beadnell1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,f41 #ajg ,b]es=d1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,s41 #hi ,b]keley1 ,=t1 #ca ,b]b]1 #df1 #bag ---- gauges1 #aij-aic ,blue ,nile1 cat*m5t bas91 #ag1 #aai ---- ---- description1 #ab1 #ac1 #ah1 #ba1 #da1 #dc1 #fa ---- ---- obs]v$ dis*>ges1 #abi1 #acf1 #acg ---- ---- dis*>ges1 #bd1 #df1 #eg1 #fj1 #aci-ada ---- ---- dis*>ge table1 #adg1 #adh ---- ---- di/ances along1 #abh ---- ---- gauges1 #agi-ahb1 #ahc-ahg ---- ---- projects1 #dc1 #dd1 #ajc ---- ---- slope1 #ae ---- ---- tribut>ies1 #dd ---- ---- velocities1 #dd ,bombay1 #bj1 #bac ,bor1 #cb1 #hi1 #ii ,br[n1 ,sir ,hanbury1 #ff1 #gg1 #gi1 #hi1 #ii ,c ,cairo1 #af1 #bj1 #bb1 #bd1 #be1 #ej1 #eb1 #ec1 #ei1 #id1 #ig1 #ih1 #adb1 #aej1 #aeh1 #afd-aff1 #bai ---- gauges1 #bjc-bjf1 #baj ,cassel1 ,sir ,erne/1 #ge ,cat>acts1 #ad1 #df1 #dg1 #dh1 #hh1 #ajb1 #ajc ,cat*m5t bas9s1 #af1 #ah1 #aai ,*apt]s1 #aa1 #bf1 #ef1 #gc1 #ajg ,*avanne1 ,joseph1 #ab ,*lu ,bey1 #e ,*oga1 ,lake1 #ae1 #bh1 #cj1 #aba1 #abb ,clifton1 ,mr4 ,c41 #gg ,climate ( ! ,nile ,valley1 #ah1 #bg1 #ajb1 #bad-bbj ,congo =e/1 #bi ,conv]sion tables = pics & metres1 #baa1 #bab ,corve1 #gj ,cotton1 #hb1 #hh1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajd ,c\rse ( ! ,nile1 #ab ,cretace\s1 #aaa ,crom]1 ,"l1 #ajj ,cultivat$ area ( ,egypt1 #gc ,d ,dakhla ,oasis1 #ajg ,dam]1 ,el1 #ac1 #de ,damietta bran*1 #ad1 #ae1 #ec1 #ed1 #fj1 #fa1 #gj1 #he1 #abc1 #aci1 #adj ---- ---- dis*>ge table1 #aeb ---- ---- gauges1 #bjh ,d>fur1 #ag ,d',arnaud1 #ch ,de ,gottb]g1 #dg ,de la ,motte1 #gd ,didessa1 #dd ,d9d] riv]1 #ag1 #ba1 #dd1 #aja ,diodorus ,siculus1 #gh ,dis*>ges obs]v$1 #abi-ach ,dis*>ge table = ,assun1 ,assi\t ,cairo1 #aej ---- ---- ---- ,damietta bran*1 #aeb ---- ---- ---- ,duem1 #adf ---- ---- ---- ,gondokoro1 #add ---- ---- ---- ,kha%m el ,girba1 #adi ---- ---- ---- ,kh>t\m1 #adh ---- ---- ---- ,mongalla1 #ade ---- ---- ---- ,ripon ,falls1 #adc ---- ---- ---- ,rosetta bran*1 #aea ---- ---- ---- ,sobat riv]1 #ade ---- ---- ---- ,tewfikia1 #adf ---- ---- ---- ,wadelai1 #add ---- ---- ---- ,wady ,haifa1 #aea ,di/ances ( places along ! ,damietta & ,rosetta bran*es1 #abc ,di/ance ,b>rage to ,assun1 #abd ---- ,assun to ,kh>t\m1 #abe ---- ,kh>t\m to ,gondokoro1 #abf ---- ,gondokoro to ! ,ripon ,falls1 #abg -- ,kh>t\m to ,rosaires1 #abh ,dis*>ges1 #ah1 #bb1 #ef-fj1 #ha-hd1 #ij1 #ie1 #aci-adb1 #aei-afc ---- ,victoria ,nile1 #bg ---- ,semliki riv]1 #bi ---- ,lake ,alb]t1 #bi ---- ,alb]t ,nile1 #cb-cd ---- ,gazelle riv]1 #ce ---- ,z]af riv]1 #cf ---- ,sobat riv]1 #cg ---- ,:ite ,nile1 #da ---- ,blue ,nile1 #dc-dd ---- ,atb>a1 #de ,dis*>ges ,nile at ,kh>t\m1 #df ---- ---- ---- ,assun1 #di ---- ---- ---- ,cairo1 #eb ---- ---- ---- ,rosetta & ,damietta bran*es1 #ee ,dongola1 #dg ,dra9age1 #fi ,drury1 ,lt41 ,r4,n41 #da ,duem1 #db1 #dc1 #df1 #eg1 #ace1 #ada1 #adf1 #agh ,du]u1 ,lake1 #bi ,dufile1 #ac1 #ca1 #ij ,dulaib ,hilla4 #cg1 #acd1 #ade1 #agf ,dupuis1 ,mr4 ,c41 #e1 #dc1 #dd1 #aja1 #ajc ,e ,eads1 ,mr41 #hf ,edku1 ,lake1 #fd ,edw>d1 ,lake ,alb]t1 #ab1 #bi ---- ---- ---- tribut>ies1 #bi ,egypt1 #be1 #gc1 #he1 #hg1 #hh1 #ic1 #ii1 #ajj ,em9 ,pa%a1 #dj ,electrical developm5t possible1 #bh1 #bi1 #ca1 #ajc ,elephant9e ,isl&1 #dh ,eoc5e1 #aab ,esna %ales1 #aab1 ,evaporation1 #bg1 #cj1 #da1 #dc1 #dd1 #if ,f ,f>afra1 #aaj ,fay\m1 ,!1 #ff1 #gi1 #ha ,fitzmaurice1 ,mr4 ,maurice1 #ge ,floods1 #gj1 #ga1 #gb1 #he1 #hg1 #hh1 #ih ,foad51 ,mr4 ,g4 ,p41 #fa1 #fc1 #ajc ,fola ,rapids1 #ad1 #ca ,f[]a1 #ad1 #bh ,full]1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,b41 #fi ,g ,gaa% riv]1 #ba1 #de1 #df1 #aja1 #ajc ,gage's *annel1 #cd ,g>ak depression1 #ha ,g>/91 ,sir ,w4 ,e41 #e1 #aa1 #ab1 #bf1 #bi1 #cb1 #da1 #ge1 #hb1 #hc1 #he1 #hh1 #hi1 #ia1 #ib1 #ii1 #aja ,gauges1 #dh1 #ej1 #ea1 #eb1 #ec1 #aag1 #aec ---- ,assun1 #aid-bja1 #bji ---- ,assun ,res]voir1 #bjb ---- ,b]b]1 #aij-aic ---- ,cairo1 #bjc-bjf ---- ,damietta bran*1 #bjh ---- ,duem1 #agh ---- ,dulaib ,hilla1 #agf ---- ,gondokoro1 #afi-agb ---- ,j9ja1 #aff ---- ,kh>t\m1 #ahc-ahg ---- ,khasm el ,girba1 #ahh-ahi ---- ,mongalla #agc-agd ---- ,nass]1 #age ---- ,rosetta bran*1 #bjg ---- ,tewfikia1 #agg ---- ,wad ,m$ani1 #agi-ahb ---- ,wadelai1 #afh ,gazelle riv]1 #ac1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #bc1 #ce1 #dj1 #ef1 #hc1 #abi1 #acc ---- ---- dis*>ges1 #aci1 #adj ---- ---- tribut>ies1 #cf ,gebel1 ,bahr-el-1 #ab ,gebela91 #db ,geology1 #ba1 #aaj ,gessi ,pa%a1 #dj ,gezireh1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #ajc ,ghaba ,%ambe1 #cb1 #cg1 #da ,gold1 #aad ,gondokoro1 #bc1 #cb1 #ef1 #ij1 #ia1 #aai1 #abb1 #abf1 #abg1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada ---- gauges1 #afi-agb ---- dis*>ge table1 #add ,gordon1 #dj ,gosrejeb1 #de ,gre5 wat]1 #fa ,granites1 #ba1 #aaa ,h ,hans>d1 ,mr41 #e ,h]odotus1 #gh1 #hj ,hewat1 ,mr4 ,m>%al1 #gg ,hillet ,nu]1 #cc1 #cd1 #dj1 #hc1 #hd ,hughes1 ,mr4 ,frank1 #fd1 #ajj ,i ,ibrahim ,eff5di ,fehmy1 #aje ,igne\s rocks1 #aaa ,infiltration1 #ec1 #ei1 #fj1 #ha1 #hd1 #ij ,introduction1 #aa ,irrigation1 #fe1 #ff1 #fh1 #fi1 #ic1 #if1 #ig1 #ii1 #ajb1 #aje1 #ajf1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aei-afc4 ,ismail ,pa%a ,ayub1 #dj ,j ,j9ja gauge1 #afg ,k ,kafr ,zayat1 #ed ,kag]a riv]1 #ab1 #bf1 #bh ,kalab%a1 #gd ,kaml91 #ba1 #bd1 #df ,kank>1 #ba ,k>ana91 #ed ,kassala1 #df ,kh>ga oasis1 #aji ,kh>t\m #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #bj1 #ba1 #bd1 #dc1 #dd1 #df1 #eg1 #fj1 #ajj1 #ace-adb1 #baf ---- di/ances to & f1 #abe1 #abf1 #abh ---- dis*>ge table1 #adh ---- gauges1 #ahc-ahg ,khasm el ,girba1 #de1 #ach ---- dis*>ge table1 #adi ----- gauges #ahh1 #ahi ,kit riv]1 #cb ,kom ,ombos1 #bb1 #aac ,kord(an1 #ag ,ku%e%a1 #gh ,l ,lado1 #dj ,lepsius1 #dg ,le!by1 #fa1 #fb ,l9ant ,pa%a1 #db1 #ee ,lime/one1 #bb1 #aad ---- ,nodul>1 #ba ,lolle1 #ce1 #hd ,lomb>d9i1 ,elia1 #e1 #aa1 #ab1 #ch1 #fj ,luxor1 #bb ,lyons1 ,capt4 ,h4,g41 #e1 #aa1 #ah1 #ba1 #bf1 #bg1 #cc1 #dd1 #hd ,m ,mack5zie1 ,dr41 #fb ,manures1 #fc1 #fi ,m>no1 ,signor1 #dj1 #hd ,m>tyr1 ,col41 #da ,mean l[ wat] levels1 #id1 #aeh ,megahid *annel1 #ce ,mehemet ,ali1 ,vic]oy1 #ch1 #ed1 #fh1 #gc1 #gd ,m5es1 #gi ,meteorological data1 #bad-bbj ,mioc5e1 #aac ,mississippi riv]1 #cc ,mris ,lake1 #ff1 #gd1 #gf1 #gh1 #ha ,mongalla1 #acb ---- dis*>ge table1 #ade ---- gauges1 #agc1agd ,n ,napoleon1 #dh ,nass]1 #cg -- gauge1 #age ,navigation1 #ad1 #bh1 #cb1 #dd ,n]o1 #ch ,nile1 ,!1 #aa1 #ab1 #ae1 #af1 #ah1 #ba1 #df1 #dg1 #di1 #ef1 #eh-fa1 #fg1 #ic1 #ii1 #afd-aff ---- dis*>ge tables1 #aej1aeh ---- di/ances along1 #abd1 #abe ---- gauges1 #aij-bjf ---- slopes1 #abj ---- velocities1 #aba-abb ,nitrates1 #bb1 #fi1 #aae ,no1 ,lake1 #ad1 #cd1 #ce1 #hb1 #hc1 #hd ,nom5clature1 #ab ,o ,oases1 #ajg ,omdurman1 #dc ,p ,papyrus1 #ca1 #cb1 #db ,pay51 ,*ampion & ,ga/9el1 #fc ,peake1 ,major1 ,r4 ,a41 #da ,peat1 #ba ,p]colation1 see ,infiltration4 ,p]5nial irrigation1 #ei1 #fh1 #fi1 #hh1 #ic ,phosphates1 #bb1 #aae ,pibor riv]1 #cg ,pics conv]t$ to metres1 #ih1 #bji1 #baj ,plates1 ,li/ (1 #i ,plioc5e1 #aac ,porphyry1 #aad ,projects1 #dd1 #eh1 #gc1 #hd ---- ,rais+ ,assun dam1 #ge ---- ,wady ,rayan ,res]voir1 #gf ---- ,lake ,alb]t ,res]voir & riv] tra9+1 #ha ---- ,flood protection = ,egypt1 #he ---- ,complete = ! ,nile1 #hg ---- ,sir ,william ,g>/9's projects1 #hi ---- ,conv]sion ( bas9 to p]5nial irrigation1 #ic ---- ,developm5t ( ! ,sudan1 #ajj ,prompt1 ,m41 #gd ,r ,rahad riv]1 #ag1 #ba1 #dd1 #aja ,ra9fall1 #ag-ba1 #bg1 #cj1 #da1 #dc1 #de1 #ef1 #ei1 #ajc1 #bac ---- tables1 #bad-bbj ,rameses1 #dh1 #hf ,r$ wat]1 #fa1 #ge ,res]voirs1 #cj1 #gc1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg ,ripon ,falls1 #ab1 #bg1 #bh1 #abg1 #aci-ada1 #adc1 #aff ,roda gauge1 #ej ---- gauges1 #bjc-bjf ,rohl riv]1 #cf ,rosaires1 #ac1 #ad1 #dd1 #abh ,rosetta bran*1 #ad1 #ae1 #cc1 #ec1 #fj1 #fa1 #he1 #hf1 #hg1 #hi1 #aci1 #adj ---- ---- dis*>ge table1 #aea ---- ---- di/ances1 #abc ---- ---- gauges1 #bjg ---- ---- velocities1 #aba ,ross1 ,col4 ,ju/91 #gg ,rudolf1 ,lake1 #af ,ru5zori1 ,m\nta91 #af1 #ba1 #bi ,s ,salaama riv]1 #ac1 #de ,s&/one1 ,nubian1 #bd1 #aab1 #aad ,sayce1 ,rev41 ,pr(essor1 #gi ,s*we9fur?1 ,dr41 #cf1 #ci1 #he ,scott-,moncrieff1 ,sir ,col91 #c1 #gd ,sc\r & deposit ( silt1 #dd1 #ib1 #ie1 #ii ,semliki riv]1 #ab1 #bi ,s5na>1 #ad1 #dd ,semna ,cat>act1 #dg ,seso/ris1 #ff ,settit riv]1 #ac1 #de ,silsila1 #ba1 #gd1 #aab ,slopes1 #ad1 #dg1 #dh1 #di1 #ec1 #abj1 #aeg ,sobat ,riv]1 #ab1 #ac1 #ae1 #bc1 #ce1 #cf1 #cg1 #ef1 #fa1 #hb1 #hd1 #aai1 #abi1 #acd1 #aci-ada ---- ---- dis*>ge table1 #ade ---- ---- gauges1 #age1 #agf ---- ---- slopes1 #abj ---- ---- velocities1 #aba ---- ---- tribut>ies1 #cg ,soil analysis1 #de1 #fa1 #fc1 #fd1 #ajj1 #aja ,sp>kes1 ,col41 #dj ,speke & ,grant1 #aa ,/rabo1 #gh ,/orage1 see ,projects ,suak9-,kh>t\m railway1 #ajj ,subject matt]1 #g1 #h ,subsoil wat]1 #fc1 #fg ,sudan1 #hh1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #aje1 #ajf ,sudd region1 #ac1 #af1 #cc1 #cd1 #ce1 #cg1 #ch1 #ci1 #da1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh1 #hb1 #hc ,t ,temp]atures1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bad-bbj ,tewfikieh1 #da1 #acd1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada ---- dis*>ge table1 #adf ---- gauge1 #agg ,!bes1 #fg ,tribut>ies ( ,lake ,alb]t1 #ca ---- ---- ! ,alb]t ,nile1 #ca1 #cb1 #cd ---- ---- ---- ,atb>a1 #de ---- ---- ---- ,blue ,nile1 #dd ---- ---- ---- ,lake ,edw>d1 #bi ---- ---- ---- ,gazelle riv]1 #cf ---- ---- ---- ,sobat riv]1 #cf ---- ---- ---- ,lake ,victoria1 #bh ---- ---- ---- ,victoria ,nile1 #bi ,tr\gh ( ! ,nile1 cubic cont5ts1 #aee ,tsana ,lake1 #ac1 #ae1 #dc1 #de1 #hh1 #ajc1 #abi ,tumat riv]1 #dd ,u ,ug&a1 #bi1 #acj ,v ,velocities1 #ad1 #cc1 #de1 #di1 #aba ,victoria1 ,lake1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #ag1 #ah1 #bf ---- ---- dis*>ge table1 #adc ---- ---- gauges1 #afg ---- ---- tribut>ies1 #bh ,victoria ,nile1 #ab1 #ad1 #ae1 #bb1 #bh1 #acj1 #aci1 #adj1 #ada ---- ---- dis*>ge table1 #adc ---- ---- gauges1 #afg ---- ---- di/ances1 #abg ---- ---- slopes1 #abj ---- ---- tribut>ies1 #bi ---- ---- velocities1 #aba ,vlck]1 ,dr41 #fd ,w ,wadelai1 #af1 #ca1 #ij1 #aci-ada ---- dis*>ge table1 #add ---- gauges1 #afh ,wad ,m$ani1 #bj1 #dd1 #acf1 #acg1 #bae ---- ---- dis*>ge table1 #adg ---- ---- gauges1 #agi-ahb ,wady ,halfa1 #ad1 #ae1 #dh1 #aci-ada ,wadi ,halfa dis*>ge table1 #aea ,wady ,natrn1 #aae ,wady ,rayan1 #gd1 #gf1 #gg1 #hj1 #ha1 #he1 #hg1 #hh ,wat]1 ,analysis (1 #fb1 #fc1 #fg ,wat]%$s1 #af ,webb1 ,mr4 ,a41 #hi ,we$s1 #bi ,wells1 #ajh ,w]ne1 ,m41 #ch ,we/]n1 ,lt4-,col4 ,j4 ,h41 #gd1 #gg ,:ite ,nile1 #ab1 #ac1 #ae1 #af1 #ah1 #ai1 #bc1 #cb1 #cf1 #ch1 #da1 #dc1 #df1 #ef1 #fj1 #fa1 #hd1 #aai1 #abi1 #acd1 #ace1 #aci-ada ---- ---- di/ances on #abf ---- ---- dis*>ge tables1 #adf ---- ---- gauges1 #agg1 #agh ---- ---- slope1 #abj ---- ---- velocities1 #aba ,:iteh\se1 ,comm&]1 #bf ,:iteh\se1 ,mr4 ,cope1 #gd ,w9ds1 #ai1 #bj1 #bg1 #bad-bbj ,y ,yei riv]1 #cd ,z ,z]af riv]1 #ac1 #cc1 #cd1 #cf-dj1 #hd1 #ib1 #id1 #abi1 #acc ---- dis*>ges1 #cf1 #acc ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,inconsi/5t1 ar*aic & unusual transcriptions1 spell+1 hyph5ation1 punctuation1 use ( acc5ts1 etc4 7includ+ 9 names7 & repeat$ in=mation h be5 reta9$ 7ev5 :5 occurr+ on ! same page or 9 ! same s5t5ce71 except z m5tion$ bel[4 ,! use ( p]iods1 mid-level decimal po9ts & commas 9 numb]s has n be5 /&>dis$4 ,plate ,,ii3 ! data z m5tion$ 9 ! errata h n be5 correct$ 9 ! ,plate4 ,page #ea-eb1 table1 la/ column3 #aii & #ahgg are n 9 ! range ( ye>s "u consid]ation4 ,page #ig1 table head]3 ! ye>s are out ( ord]1 possibly errone\sly4 ,page #bjc3 ! table head] does n appe> to agree ) ! cont5ts2 presumably1 ! fir/ gr\p ( r[s ref]s to #ahgf4 ,page #bji1 column ,pic #af1 r[ #ad3 #daa does n fit ) ! o!r data & may be an error = #haa ,9 ! s\rce docum5t1 ! ,plates are n always pr9t$ 9 num]ical ord] 7see also ! ,li/ ( ,plates71 ?is has n be5 *ang$4 ,unless m5tion$ bel[ "u 8,*anges ,made01 all 7tabulat$ or text7 data & calculations are pres5t$ z pr9t$ 9 ! s\rce docum5t1 ev5 :5 !re are obvi\s errors or inconsi/5cies 9 ^! data or calculations4 ,*anges made ,"s footnotes1 tables & illu/rations mov$2 "s tables re- arrang$4 ,"s m9or obvi\s typos h be5 correct$ sil5tly4 ,r4,l4 & ,r4 ,l4 h be5 /&>dis$ z ,r4 ,l41 spaces betwe5 numb]s & p]c5t signs h be5 remov$ :]e pres5t4 ,app5dices3 ! numb]+ ( "s ( ! tables has be5 correct$1 "s m9or lay-out inconsi/5cies h be5 resolv$4 page #ab3 ,afrika's ,/rme & ,flsse *ang$ to ,afrikas ,/rme und ,flsse page #cb3 ,=t ,b>keley *ang$ to ,=t ,b]keley z else:]e page #cf3 #ae4 ,! ,sobat ,riv] *ang$ to #af4 ,! ,sobat ,riv] page #gj1 ,section #cj3 italics *ang$ to bold z ) o!r head+s page #gb1 calculations3 ,total mat]ials tak5 out ( category ,mat]ials n paid = page #gd3 ,mehemet ,aly *ang$ to ,mehemet ,ali z else:]e page #aai3 ,absynian ,hills *ang$ to ,abyss9ian ,hills page #abh1 table head]3 column #b1 ,gondokoro *ang$ to ,kh>t\m2 column #c1 ,kh>t\m *ang$ to ,rosaires page #abi-acj3 ^! pages 7 rev]s$ 9 ! pr9t$ book page #ade3 ,dulab ,hilla *ang$ to ,dulaib ,hilla z else:]e page #afj3 ,sobagia *ang$ to ,sohagia2 ,%ekha *ang$ to ,%ekhia pages #afh1 #age-agh1 #ahh-ahi1 #aid1 #bjb-bjc1 #bjg-bjh table head+s3 names ( mon?s h be5 abbreviat$ ,index 7to con=m to text73 ,ka%m *ang$ to ,khasm z 9 text 7sev]al times72 ,emim ,pa%a *ang$ to ,em9 ,pa%a4