,note3 ,images of the original pages are available through ,internet ,archive4 ,see https3_/_/archive4org_/details_/bookofje wishthou#jj;hert ,transcriber's note3 ,text enclosed by underscores is in italics 7italics74 ,text in small capitals has been replaced by all capitals4 ,footnotes are identified in the text with a number in brackets #b and have been accumulated in a single section at the end of the text4 ,transcriber's notes are used when making corrections to the text or to provide additional information for the modern reader4 ,these notes are not identified in the text1 but have been accumulated in a single section at the end of the book4 ,a ,,book ,,of ,,jewish ,,thoughts ,selected and ,arranged by ,,the ,,chief ,,rabbi 7,,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz7 ,humphrey ,milford ,oxford ,university ,press ,london ,edinburgh ,glasgow ,new ,york ,toronto ,melbourne ,cape ,town ,bombay #efhjaibj ,,to ,,the ,,sacred ,,memory ,,of ,,the ,,sons ,,of ,,israel ,,who ,,fell ,,in ,,the ,,great ,,war #aiadaiah ,,prefatory ,,note ,,this ,book of ,jewish ,thoughts brings the message of ,judaism together with memories of ,jewish martyrdom and spiritual achievement throughout the ages4 ,its first part1 #8,i am an ,hebrew'1 covers the more important aspects of the life and consciousness of the ,jew4 ,the second1 #8,the ,people of the ,book'1 deals with ,israel's religious contribution to mankind1 and touches upon some epochal events in ,israel's story4 ,in the third1 #8,the ,testimony of the ,nations'1 will be found some striking tributes to ,jews and ,judaism from non-,jewish sources4 ,the fourth part1 #8,the ,voice of ,prayer'1 surveys the ,sacred ,occasions of the ,jewish ,year1 and takes note of their echoes in the ,liturgy4 ,the fifth and concluding part1 #8,the ,voice of ,wisdom'1 is1 in the main1 a collection of the deep sayings of the ,jewish sages on the ultimate problems of ,life and the ,hereafter4 ,the nucleus from which this ,jewish anthology gradually developed was produced three years ago for the use of ,jewish sailors and soldiers4 ,to many of them1 ,i have been assured1 it came as a re-discovery of the imperishable wealth of ,israel's heritage2 while to the non-,jew into whose hands it fell it was a striking revelation of ,jewish ideals and teachings4 ,i can pray for no better result for this enlarged ,library ,edition4 ,grateful acknowledgement is due to the authors1 translators1 and publishers1 for their courteous permission to reprint selections from their works2 to ,dayan ,h4 ,m4 ,lazarus1 ,m4,a41 and ,miss ,elsa ,linde1 for various useful suggestions2 and to the ,revs4 ,j4 ,mann1 ,d4,litt41 ,s4 ,lipson1 and ,i4 ,livingstone for help in the preparation of the ,index of ,subjects4 ,j4 ,h4 ,h4 ,london1 #aibj4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,i4 ,i ,,am ,,an ,,hebrew ,,ye ,,are ,,my ,,witnesses3 ,isaiah2 ,jacobs2 ,aguilar ,i ,,am ,,an ,,hebrew3 ,c4 ,adler ,,the ,,good ,,fight3 ,eleazar of ,worms ,,every ,,israelite ,,holds ,,the ,,honour ,,of ,,his ,,entire ,,people ,,in ,,his ,,hands3 ,talmud2 ,montefiore ,,the ,,paths ,,of ,,life3 ,eliezer ben ,isaac2 ,asher ben ,yechiel ,,in ,,the ,,old ,,ghetto3 ,philipson2 ,e4 ,g4 ,hirsch ,,the ,,jewish ,,woman3 ,m4 ,lazarus2 ,hertz2 ,talmud ,,the ,,jewish ,,mother3 ,szold2 ,lucas ,,religious ,,education3 ,cohen2 ,book of ,morals2 ,morais ,,the ,,sacred ,,tongue3 ,joseph ,,the ,,hebrew ,,language3 ,schechter2 ,szold ,,what ,,is ,,culture8 ,hertz ,,the ,,student ,,of ,,the ,,torah3 ,jellinek ,,bar ,,mitzvah ,,prayer3 ,artom ,,on ,,the ,,threshold ,,of ,,manhood3 ,proverbs2 ,ethics of the ,fathers ,a ,,father',s ,,admonition3 ,maimonides ,,what ,,makes ,a ,,man ,a ,,jew8 ,joseph #8,i ,,believe'3 ,margolis ,,judaism ,a ,,positive ,,religion3 ,schechter ,,the ,,mission ,,of ,,israel3 ,h4 ,adler2 ,kohler ,,tolerance3 ,gabirol2 ,midrash2 ,crescas2 ,mendelssohn2 ,talmud ,,our ,,heritage3 ,josephus ,,our ,,fathers3 ,ecclesiasticus ,,the ,,obligations ,,of ,,heredity3 ,dubnow2 ,hertz ,,zedakah,,charity3 ,jacob ben ,asher ,,zedakah,,justice3 ,geiger ,,the ,,jewish ,,poor3 ,schechter2 ,abrahams ,,at #8,,the ,,old ,,people',s ,,rest'1 ,,jerusalem3 ,e4 ,n4 ,adler ,,sharing ,,the ,,burden3 ,talmud2 ,singer ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,self-,,respect3 ,achad ,ha'am ,,anti-,,semitism3 ,nordau2 ,schechter2 ,nordau2 ,disraeli2 ,hertz2 ,hagadah2 ,isaiah ,,the ,,jew ,,as ,a ,,patriot3 ,e4 ,lazarus2 ,goldsmid ,,the ,,jewish ,,soldier3 ,lucas ,,the ,,jew',s ,,love ,,of ,,britain3 ,h4 ,adler ,,to ,,england3 ,raskin ,,judaism ,,and ,,the ,,jew ,,in ,,america3 ,harris2 ,kohut ,,the ,,deluge ,,of ,,fire3 ,hertz ,,the ,,healing ,,of ,,the ,,nations3 ,joel2 ,isaiah2 ,kings2 ,daily ,prayer ,book ,,the ,,messianic ,,hope3 ,mendes2 ,malachi ,,the ,,vision ,,of ,a ,,united ,,humanity3 ,isaiah2 ,joseph ,,trust ,,ye ,,in ,,the ,,lord ,,for ,,ever3 ,isaiah ,,ii4 ,,the ,,people ,,of ,,the ,,book ,,israel ,,immortal3 ,jeremiah2 ,halevi2 ,ecclesiasticus2 ,midrash ,,the ,,eternal ,,riddle3 ,raskin ,,the ,,secret ,,of ,,israel',s ,,immortality3 ,graetz ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,books3 ,heine ,,the ,,bible3 ,levi2 ,zangwill ,a ,,jewish ,,version ,,of ,,the ,,bible3 ,schechter2 ,friedlnder2 ,sulzberger2 ,leeser2 ,h4 ,adler2 ,translators' ,preface2 ,rashi2 ,ecclesiasticus ,,israel ,,the ,,people ,,of ,,revelation3 ,halevi2 ,geiger ,,there ,,is ,,no ,,god ,,but ,,god ,,and ,,israel ,,is ,,his ,,prophet3 ,zangwill ,,moses3 ,heine ,,the ,,prophets3 ,jacobs2 ,shemtob2 ,darmesteter2 ,j4 ,lazarus ,,the ,,talmud3 ,deutsch ,,jewish ,,literature3 ,abrahams ,,the ,,work ,,of ,,the ,,rabbis3 ,bchler ,,israel',s ,,history ,,never-,,ending3 ,magnus2 ,zangwill ,,the ,,meaning ,,of ,,jewish ,,history3 ,jacobs2 ,halevi2 ,gaster ,,the ,,hallowing ,,of ,,jewish ,,history3 ,dubnow ,,israel',s ,,martyrdom3 ,zunz2 ,graetz ,,under ,,the ,,roman ,,emperors3 ,josephus2 ,fuerst ,,in ,,mediaeval ,,rome3 ,hertz2 ,steinschneider ,,the ,,first ,,crusade3 ,kalonymos ben ,yehudah ,,the ,,second ,,crusade3 ,ephraim of ,bonn ,,jewish ,,suffering3 ,heine ,,the ,,jews ,,of ,,york3 ,d',israeli ,,the ,,expulsion ,,from ,,spain3 ,frankl ,,the ,,exodus3 ,e4 ,lazarus ,a ,,song ,,of ,,redemption3 ,gabirol ,,shylock3 ,joseph ,,on ,,the ,,eve ,,of ,,the ,,re-,,settlement ,,in ,,england3 ,manasseh ben ,israel ,,jewish ,,emancipation3 ,s4 ,r4 ,hirsch2 ,rothschild ,,the ,,jewish ,,question3 ,j4 ,lazarus2 ,franzos2 ,steinschneider2 ,zunz ,,the ,,jews ,,of ,,england3 ,zangwill ,,welcome ,,of ,,the ,,hebrew ,,congregation1 ,,newport1 ,,rhode ,,island1 ,u4,s4,a41 ,,to ,,george ,,washington ,,british ,,citizenship3 ,hertz ,,the ,,russian ,,jew3 ,i4 ,friedlander ,,yiddish3 ,zangwill2 ,wiener ,,russo-,,jewish ,,education3 ,i4 ,friedlander ,,passover ,,in ,,old ,,russia3 ,antin ,,the ,,pogrom3 ,dymov ,,under ,,the ,,romanoffs3 ,wolf2 ,e4 ,lazarus ,,soldiers ,,of ,,nicholas3 ,antin ,,bontzye ,,shweig3 ,peretz ,,the ,,watch ,,on ,,the ,,jordan3 ,imber ,,the ,,tragedy ,,of ,,assimilation3 ,schechter2 ,achad ,ha'am ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,dry ,,bones3 ,ezekiel ,,palestine3 ,munk ,,the ,,last ,,corpses ,,in ,,the ,,desert3 ,byalik ,,zionism3 ,herzl2 ,wolf2 ,abrahams ,,the ,,british ,,declaration ,,on ,,palestine3 ,herzl2 ,jewish ,chronicle2 ,hertz ,,judaism ,,and ,,the ,,new ,,judea3 ,herzl2 ,saadyah2 ,schechter2 ,noah2 ,hertz2 ,eichholz ,,iii4 ,,the ,,testimony ,,of ,,the ,,nations ,,world',s ,,debt ,,to ,,israel3 ,abbott2 ,cornill ,,israel ,,and ,,his ,,revelation3 ,arnold ,,israel1 ,,greece1 ,,and ,,rome3 ,renan2 ,wagner2 ,lotze ,,what ,,is ,a ,,jew8 ,tolstoy ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,the ,,ages3 ,harnack2 ,scott2 ,whitman ,,the ,,bible1 ,,the ,,epic ,,of ,,the ,,world3 ,frazer2 ,stevenson2 ,froude ,,the ,,bible ,,in ,,education3 ,huxley2 ,goethe ,,the ,,bible ,,and ,,democracy3 ,wyclif2 ,huxley2 ,nietzsche ,,the ,,hebrew ,,language3 ,renan ,,rebecca',s ,,hymn3 ,scott ,,moses3 ,george ,,the ,,burial ,,of ,,moses3 ,alexander ,,israel',s ,,psalter3 ,dow2 ,rhys2 ,cornill ,,the ,,psalms ,,in ,,human ,,life3 ,prothero ,,the ,,spacious ,,firmament ,,on ,,high3 ,addison ,o ,,god1 ,,our ,,help ,,in ,,ages ,,past3 ,watts ,,the ,,living ,,power ,,of ,,the ,,jewish ,,prophets3 ,jowett2 ,froude ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,jonah3 ,cornill2 ,goethe ,,job3 ,carlyle2 ,froude ,,ecclesiastes3 ,ellis ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,esther3 ,stanley2 ,whittier ,,the ,,talmud3 ,robinson ,,the ,,humanity ,,of ,,jewish ,,wisdom3 ,gorky ,,the ,,pharisees3 ,huxley2 ,box2 ,herford ,,the ,,jewish ,,prayer ,,book3 ,biddle ,,in ,a ,,synagogue3 ,eliot ,,the ,,torch ,,of ,,jewish ,,learning3 ,beaulieu ,,during ,,the ,,crusades3 ,strindberg ,,the ,,expulsion ,,from ,,spain ,,and ,,portugal3 ,lecky ,a ,,protest ,,against ,,the ,,auto-,,da-,f ,,of ,,september #bj1 #agfa1 ,,lisbon3 ,voltaire ,,the ,,bible ,,in ,,elizabethan ,,england3 ,green ,,for ,,the ,,emancipation ,,of ,,the ,,jews3 ,macaulay ,,ignorance ,,of ,,judaism3 ,eliot2 ,blake #8,,they ,,are ,,our ,,elders'3 ,beaulieu ,,the ,,jewish ,,cemetery ,,at ,,newport3 ,longfellow ,,the ,,jew ,,as ,a ,,citizen3 ,roosevelt ,,in ,,the ,,east ,,end ,,of ,,london3 ,schreiner ,,the ,,russian ,,agony3 ,milyukov2 ,lecky2 ,tolstoy2 ,schreiner ,,the ,,blood ,,libel,,british ,,protest ,,jewish ,,nationalism3 ,eliot2 ,sykes ,a ,,jewish ,,national ,,home3 ,balfour ,,israel',s ,,preservation3 ,st4 ,jerome ,,israel ,,and ,,the ,,nations3 ,twain ,,iv4 ,,the ,,voice ,,of ,,prayer3 ,,the ,,jewish ,,year ,,on ,,prayer ,,and ,,praise3 ,philo2 ,zohar ,,on ,,morning ,,service3 ,shulchan ,aruch ,,at ,,the ,,dawn ,i ,,seek ,,thee3 ,gabirol ,,morning ,,prayers3 ,daily ,prayer ,book2 ,bachya ,,adon ,,olam3 ,abrahams2 ,carvalho ,,adon ,,olam ,,and ,,modern ,,science3 ,haffkine ,,the ,,shema3 ,hertz2 ,zohar #8,,the ,,soul ,,thou ,,hast ,,given ,,me ,,is ,,pure'3 ,kohler ,,the ,,merit ,,of ,,the ,,fathers3 ,levy2 ,abrahams ,,the ,,kaddish3 ,kompert2 ,wisdom of ,solomon2 ,daniel ,,the ,,holiness ,,of ,,home3 ,jacobs2 ,disraeli ,,kindling ,,the ,,sabbath ,,light3 ,raskin ,,lecha ,,dodi3 ,alkabetz2 ,achad ,ha'am ,,sabbath ,,prayer3 ,zohar ,,the ,,sabbath3 ,salaman ,,prayer ,,before ,,the ,,new ,,moon3 ,daily ,prayer ,book ,,the ,,seder3 ,raskin ,,israel',s ,,watch-,,night3 ,joseph ,,passover ,,and ,,freedom3 ,hertz2 ,joseph #8,,addir ,,hu'3 ,gottheil2 ,talmud ,,the ,,feast ,,of ,,weeks3 ,psalms ,a ,,self-,,denying ,,guild3 ,joseph2 ,daily ,prayer ,book ,,akdomus3 ,nehora ,,the ,,bible3 ,rosenfeld ,,the ,,sepher ,,torah3 ,haffkine ,,religion ,,and ,,morality3 ,daiches ,,symbols ,,and ,,ceremonies3 ,jung ,,custom ,,in ,,religion3 ,gottheil #8,,in ,,accordance ,,with ,,the ,,times'3 ,s4 ,r4 ,hirsch ,,faith3 ,singer ,,ode ,,to ,,zion3 ,halevi ,,the ,,eternal ,,city ,,of ,,the ,,eternal ,,people3 ,hertz2 ,isaiah ,,new ,,year3 ,mose ,,written ,,and ,,sealed3 ,baalshem2 ,joseph ,,the ,,shofar3 ,maimonides2 ,deuteronomy2 ,psalms ,,my ,,king3 ,moses ben ,nachman ,,the ,,lord ,,is ,,king1 ,,the ,,lord ,,was ,,king1 ,,the ,,lord ,,shall ,,be ,,king ,,for ,,ever ,,and ,,ever3 ,kalir ,,if ,,not ,,higher3 ,peretz ,,day ,,of ,,atonement3 ,gottheil2 ,ecclesiasticus ,,the ,,message ,,of ,,yom ,,kippur3 ,hertz #8,,forgiven'3 ,yomtob of ,york ,,confession3 ,gabirol ,,yom ,,kippur ,,meditations3 ,bachya2 ,gabirol ,,the ,,infinite ,,mercies ,,of ,,god3 ,exodus2 ,talmud ,,brotherhood3 ,hertz2 ,ezekiel ,,atonement ,,promise ,,and ,,admonition3 ,isaiah ,,lord1 ,,thine ,,humble ,,servants ,,hear3 ,yehudah ,,god ,,that ,,doest ,,wondrously3 ,mosheh ,,tabernacles3 ,halevi ,,psalms ,,and ,,myrtles3 ,kalir ,,the ,,harvest ,,festival3 ,joseph2 ,disraeli ,,joyous ,,service3 ,abrahams2 ,talmud ,,rejoicing ,,of ,,the ,,law3 ,festival ,prayer ,book ,,simchas ,,torah3 ,gordon ,,the ,,maccabean ,,warriors3 ,maccabees ,,the ,,feast ,,of ,,lights3 ,e4 ,lazarus ,,the ,,menorah3 ,herzl ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the ,,maccabees3 ,joseph ,,chanucah ,,hymn3 ,gottheil ,,purim3 ,book of ,esther ,,servant ,,of ,,god3 ,halevi ,,hymn ,,of ,,glory3 ,judah the ,pious ,v4 ,,the ,,voice ,,of ,,wisdom ,,god1 ,,whom ,,shall ,i ,,compare ,,to ,,thee6 ,halevi ,,great ,,is ,,truth3 ,esdras2 ,talmud ,,the ,,right ,,life3 ,micah2 ,isaiah2 ,spinoza ,,the ,,goodness ,,of ,,god',s ,,work3 ,maimonides ,,the ,,two ,,natures ,,in ,,man3 ,moses of ,coucy ,,freedom ,,of ,,the ,,will3 ,maimonides ,,the ,,wicked ,,saith ,,in ,,his ,,heart3 ,wisdom of ,solomon ,,repentance ,,of ,,the ,,wicked3 ,wisdom of ,solomon ,,wise ,,counsel3 ,maimonides2 ,benedict of ,oxford2 ,ethics of the ,fathers ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,holiness3 ,leviticus2 ,kohler2 ,talmud ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,god3 ,philo2 ,maimonides2 ,zohar ,,humility3 ,bachya2 ,daily ,prayer ,book2 ,ibn ,ezra ,,sayings ,,from ,,the ,,talmud ,,the ,,dedicated ,,life ,philo ,,god ,,and ,,man3 ,ethics of the ,fathers ,,golden ,,rules3 ,leviticus2 ,talmud2 ,acha ,,deeds ,,the ,,best ,,commendation3 ,talmud2 ,ethics of the ,fathers ,a ,,mediaeval ,,jewish ,,moralist3 ,eleazar of ,worms ,,the ,,mystery ,,of ,,pain3 ,s4 ,a4 ,adler ,,meeting ,,adversity3 ,hertz ,,the ,,contemplation ,,of ,,death3 ,montefiore2 ,ecclesiasticus ,,light ,,in ,,darkness3 ,talmud ,,whence ,,and ,,whither3 ,ethics of the ,fathers2 ,h4 ,adler ,,time ,,and ,,eternity3 ,yedaya ,penini2 ,ecclesiastes2 ,derech ,eretz ,zutta ,,talmudic ,,parables ,,and ,,legends ,,almighty1 ,,what ,,is ,,man8 ,gabirol ,,resignation3 ,green ,,immortality3 ,talmud2 ,ethics of the ,fathers ,,eternal ,,hope3 ,psalms ,,true ,,wisdom3 ,job2 ,ethics of the ,fathers ,,notes ,,index ,,of ,,authors ,,and ,,sources ,,index ,,of ,,subjects ,,behold1 the days come1 saith the ,lord ,god1 that ,i will send a famine in the land1 not a famine of bread1 nor a thirst for water1 but of hearing the words of the ,lord4 ,,amos #h4 #aa4 ,i ,i ,,am ,,an ,,hebrew ,,then said they unto him1 ,tell us1 we pray thee1 444 what is thine occupation8 and whence comest thou8 what is thy country8 and of what people art thou8 ,and he said unto them1 ,i am an ,hebrew2 and ,i fear the ,lord1 the ,god of heaven1 which hath made the sea and the dry land4 ,,jonah #a4 #h1 #i4 ,,ye ,,are ,,my ,,witnesses ,,ye are ,my witnesses1 saith the ,lord1 and ,my servant whom ,i have chosen4 ,,isaiah #dc4 #aj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the history of ,israel is the great living proof of the working of ,divine ,providence in the affairs of the world4 ,alone among the nations1 ,israel has shared in all great movements since mankind became conscious of their destinies4 ,if there is no ,divine purpose in the long travail of ,israel1 it is vain to seek for any such purpose in man's life4 ,in the reflected light of that purpose each ,jew should lead his life with an added dignity4 ,,joseph ,,jacobs1 #ahig4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,every ,hebrew should look upon his ,faith as a temple extending over every land to prove the immutability of ,god and the unity of ,his purposes4 ,he should regard himself as one of the pillars which support that temple from falling to the ground2 and add1 however insignificant in itself1 to the strength1 the durability1 and the beauty of the whole4 ,,grace ,,aguilar1 #ahdb4 ,i ,,am ,,an ,,hebrew ,i ,,will continue to hold my banner aloft4 ,i find myself bornay1 borninto a people and a religion4 ,the preservation of my people must be for a purpose1 for ,god does nothing without a purpose4 ,his reasons are unfathomable to me1 but on my own reason ,i place little dependence2 test it where ,i will it fails me4 ,the simple1 the ultimate in every direction is sealed to me4 ,it is as difficult to understand matter as mind4 ,the courses of the planets are no harder to explain than the growth of a blade of grass4 ,therefore am ,i willing to remain a link in the great chain4 ,what has been preserved for four thousand years was not saved that ,i should overthrow it4 ,my people have survived the prehistoric paganism1 the ,babylonian polytheism1 the aesthetic ,hellenism1 the sagacious ,romanism1 at once the blandishments and persecutions of the ,church2 and it will survive the modern dilettantism and the current materialism1 holding aloft the traditional ,jewish ideals inflexibly until the world shall become capable of recognizing their worth4 ,,cyrus ,,adler1 #ahid4 ,,the ,,good ,,fight ,,if thou hadst lived in the dread days of martyrdom1 and the peoples had fallen on thee to force thee to apostatize from thy faith1 thou wouldst surely1 as did so many1 have given thy life in its defence4 ,well then1 fight now the fight laid on thee in the better days1 the fight with evil desire2 fight and conquer1 and seek for allies in this warfare of your soul1 seek them in the fear of ,god and the study of the ,law4 ,forget not that ,god recompenses according to the measure wherewith ye withstand the evil in your heart4 ,be a man in thy youth2 but if thou wert then defeated in the struggle1 return1 return at last to ,god1 however old thou mayest be4 ,,eleazar 7,,rok,,ach7 ,,of ,,worms1 c4 #abjj4 7,trans4 ,m4 ,joseph47 ,,every ,,israelite ,,holds ,,the ,,honour ,,of ,,his ,,entire ,,people ,,in ,,his ,,hands ,i #8,,all ,israelites are mutually accountable for each other4' ,in a boat at sea one of the men began to bore a hole in the bottom of the boat4 ,on being remonstrated with1 he answered3 #8,i am only boring under my own seat'4 #8,yes'1 said his comrades1 #8but when the sea rushes in we shall all be drowned with you4' ,so it is with ,israel4 ,its weal or its woe is in the hands of every individual ,israelite4 ,,talmud4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ii ,,we ,jews have a more pressing responsibility for our lives and beliefs than perhaps any other religious community4 ,don't shelter yourself in any course of action by the idea that #8it is my affair'4 ,it is your affair1 but it is also mine and the community's4 ,nor can we neglect the world beyond4 ,a fierce light beats upon the ,jew4 ,it is a grave responsibility thisto be a ,jew2 and you can't escape from it1 even if you choose to ignore it4 ,ethically or religiously1 we ,jews can be and do nothing light-heartedly4 ,ten bad ,jews may help to damn us2 ten good ,jews may help to save us4 ,which minyan will you join8 ,c4 ,g4 ,,montefiore1 #aijj4 ,,the ,,paths ,,of ,,life ,i ,,my son1 give ,god all honour and the gratitude which is ,his due4 ,thou hast need of ,him1 but ,he needs thee not4 ,put no trust in thy mere corporeal well-being here below4 ,many a one has lain down to sleep at nightfall1 but at morn has not risen again4 ,fear the ,lord1 the ,god of thy fathers2 fail never at eventide to pronounce the great word wherein ,israel is wont to proclaim that ,he is1 and that ,he is ,one1 and ,one only2 at dawn fail never to read the appointed prayer4 ,see that thou guard well thy soul's holiness2 let the thought of thy heart be saintly1 and profane not thy soul with words of impurity4 ,visit the sick and suffering man1 and let thy countenance be cheerful when he sees it1 but not so that thou oppress the helpless one with gaiety4 ,comfort those that are in grief2 let piety where thou seest it affect thee even to tears2 and then it may be that thou wilt be spared the grief of weeping over the death of thy children4 ,respect the poor man by gifts whose hand he knows not of2 be not deaf to his beseechings1 deal not hard words out to him1 and give him of thy richest food when he sits at meat with thee4 ,from a wicked neighbour1 see that thou keep aloof1 and spend not much of thy time among the people who speak ill of their brother-man2 be not as the fly that is always seeking sick and wounded places2 and tell not of the faults and failings of those about thee4 ,take no one to wife unworthy to be thy life's partner1 and keep thy sons close to the study of ,divine things4 ,dare not to rejoice when thine enemy comes to the ground2 but give him food when he hungers4 ,be on thy guard lest thou give pain ever to the widow and the orphan2 and beware lest thou ever set thyself up to be both witness and judge against an other4 ,never enter thy house with abrupt and startling step1 and bear not thyself so that those who dwell under thy roof shall dread when in thy presence4 ,purge thy soul of angry passion1 that inheritance of fools2 love wise men1 and strive to know more and more of the works and the ways of the ,creator4 ,,eliezer ,,ben ,,isaac1 #ajej4 ,,ii ,,be not ready to quarrel2 avoid oaths and passionate adjurations1 excess of laughter and outbursts of wrath2 they disturb and confound the reason of man4 ,avoid all dealings wherein there is a lie2 utter not the name of ,god superfluously1 or in places dirty or defiled4 ,cut from under thee all mere human supports1 and make not gold the foremost longing of thy life2 for that is the first step to idolatry4 ,rather give money than words2 and as to ill words1 see that thou place them in the scale of understanding before they leave thy lips4 ,what has been uttered in thy presence1 even though not told as secret1 let it not pass from thee to others4 ,and if one tell thee a tale1 say not to him that thou hast heard it all before4 ,do not fix thine eyes too much on one who is far above thee in wealth1 but on those who are behind thee in worldly fortune4 ,put no one to open shame2 misuse not thy power against any one2 who can tell whether thou wilt not some day be powerless thyself8 ,do not struggle vaingloriously for the small triumph of showing thyself in the right and a wise man in the wrong2 thou art not one whit the wiser therefor4 ,be not angry or unkind to any one for trifles1 lest thou make thyself enemies unnecessarily4 ,do not refuse things out of mere obstinacy to thy fellow-citizens1 rather put thy will below their wishes4 ,avoid1 as much as may be1 bad men1 men of persistent angry feelings1 fools2 thou canst get nothing from their company but shame4 ,be the first to extend courteous greeting to every one1 whatever be his faith2 provoke not to wrath one of another belief than thine4 ,,asher ,,ben ,,yechiel1 #acjj4 ,,in ,,the ,,old ,,ghetto ,,in the narrow lanes and by-ways of the old ,jewish quarter of many a ,european town there grew up that beautiful ,jewish home-life which1 though its story is seldom recorded1 is more important than the outer events and misfortunes that historians have made note of4 ,and as we look upon the unsightly houses1 the wretched exterior seems to float away and the home-scenes of joy and love and religious constancy shine brilliantly forthperpetual lampsand explain how1 in spite of woe and misery such as have fallen to the lot of no other people1 the ,jews have found strength to live and hope on4 ,d4 ,,philipson1 #ahid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,say what you will of the ,judaism of the ,middle ,ages2 call it narrow2 deride it as superstitious2 unless lost to all sense of justice1 or without power to dive beneath the surface of the seeming to the roots of the real1 you cannot but witness to the incontrovertible fact that for sweetness and spirituality of life1 the ,jew of the ,ghetto1 the ,jew of the ,middle ,ages1 the ,jew under the yoke of the ,talmud1 challenges the whole world4 ,e4 ,g4 ,,hirsch1 #ahie4 ,,the ,,jewish ,,woman ,,in the days of horror of the later ,roman ,empire1 throughout the time of the migration of nations1 it was not war alone that destroyed and annihilated all those peoples of which1 despite their former world-dominating greatness1 nothing remains but their name4 ,it was rather the ensuing demoralization of home life4 ,this is provedit cannot be repeated too oftenby the ,jews2 for they suffered more severely and more cruelly by wars than any other nation2 but1 among them1 the inmost living germ of moralitystrict discipline and family devotionwas at all times preserved4 ,this wonderful and mysterious preservation of the ,jewish people is due to the ,jewish woman4 ,this is her glory1 not alone in the history of her own people1 but in the history of the world4 ,m4 ,,lazarus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,jew's home has rarely been his #8castle'4 ,throughout the ages it has been something far higherhis sanctuary4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,be careful not to cause woman to weep1 for ,god counts her tears4 ,israel was redeemed from ,egypt on account of the virtue of its women4 ,he who weds a good woman1 it is as if he had fulfilled all the precepts of the ,law4 ,,talmud4 ,,the ,,jewish ,,mother ,,jewish custom bids the ,jewish mother1 after her preparations for the ,sabbath have been completed on ,friday evening1 kindle the ,sabbath lamp4 ,that is symbolic of the ,jewish woman's influence on her own home1 and through it upon larger circles4 ,she is the inspirer of a pure1 chaste1 family life whose hallowing influences are incalculable2 she is the centre of all spiritual endeavours1 the confidante and fosterer of every undertaking4 ,to her the ,talmudic sentence applies3 #8,it is woman alone through whom ,god's blessings are vouchsafed to a house'4 ,,henrietta ,,szold1 #ahic4 ,,yiddish ,,cradle ,,song ,o6 ,,hush thee1 my darling1 sleep soundly my son1 ,sleep soundly and sweetly till day has begun2 ,for under the bed of good children at night ,there lies1 till the morning1 a kid snowy white4 ,we'll send it to market to buy ,sechora1 ,while my little lad goes to study ,torah4 ,sleep soundly at night and learn ,torah by day1 ,then thou'll be a ,rabbi when ,i have grown grey4 ,but ,i'll give thee to-morrow ripe nuts and a toy1 ,if thou'lt sleep as ,i bid thee1 my own little boy4 7,trans4 ,alice ,lucas47 ,,religious ,,education ,,it seems to me that if the development of the religious sense is omitted from education1 the most exalted idea of goodness is left out4 ,life is so much the poorer for being shorn of the halo of high spiritual aspiration4 ,instead of a fixed and lofty ideal of life and conduct1 based on the highest conception of ,divine ,perfection of which the human mind is capable1 there prevails a limited and fluctuating ideal1 subject to the chance influences of surroundings and associates1 and coloured by the social grade and worldly interests of each individual4 ,,julia ,m4 ,,cohen1 #aijg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the thread on which the different good qualities of human beings are strung as pearls1 is the fear of ,god4 ,when the fastenings of this fear are unloosed1 the pearls roll in all directions and are lost one by one4 ,,book ,,of ,,morals1 #aeth cent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the knowledge of ,hebrew is the golden hinge upon which our national and religious existence turns4 ,flowing down from the hills of eternity1 the ,hebrew language has been set apart by ,god as the receptacle of truths destined to sway mankind and humanize the world4 ,,sabato ,,morais1 #ahgf4 ,,the ,,sacred ,,tongue#a ,,the ,synagogue service is essentially the expression of the soul of collective ,israel4 ,in the ,synagogue we meet as ,jews1 there in prayer1 in aspiration1 in confession of faith1 to carry on the stream of spiritual effort which has flowed unbroken through the ages ever since ,israel became conscious of himself4 ,therefore the prayers will not merely voice private needs and modern ideas1 but will chiefly speak of ,israel4 ,and so they will largely be in ,hebrew1 ,israel's historic language4 ,you may get rid of ,hebrew1 but with it you will get rid of the ,synagogue too1 of the ,synagogue as a living organism1 as the well-spring of ,jewish feeling and the inspiration of ,jewish life4 ,nor is this all4 ,the claim of ,hebrew1 though bound up with the interests of public worship1 yet transcends them4 ,it will meet you whenever you open your ,jewish history1 whenever you open your ,bible4 ,as long as we remain ,jews and call the ,bible our own1 the ,tongue in which it is written must be inestimably sacred to us4 ,,morris ,,joseph1 #aijg4 ,,the ,,hebrew ,,language ,,the ,hebrew language is the great depository of all that is best in the soul-life of the ,congregation of ,israel4 ,without it we will become severed from the great ,tree which is life unto those that cling to it4 ,hellenistic ,judaism#b is the only one known to history which dared to make this experiment of dispensing with the ,sacred ,language4 ,the result was death4 ,it withered away and terminated in total and wholesale apostasy from ,judaism4 ,let us not deceive ourselves4 ,there is no future in this country for a ,judaism that resists either the ,english or the ,hebrew language4 ,s4 ,,schechter1 #aijd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,there is a vast storehouse filled with treasures4 ,the key1 the ,hebrew language1 is in our guardianship4 ,have we a right to throw the key into the ocean of oblivion8 ,more than that3 when we have ceased to be efficient guardians of our treasures1 of what use are we in the world8 ,i fear that in the case of such flagrant dereliction of duty1 the twentieth century will have in store for us not a ,ghetto1 but a grave4 ,,henrietta ,,szold1 #ahif4 ,,what ,,is ,,culture8 ,,not what a man hasknowledge1 skill1 or goods of lifedetermines his culture1 but what a man is3 culture is not so much mastery of things as mastery of self4 ,and only that nation can be called cultured which adds to or1 at least1 broadens and deepens the spiritual assets of mankind2 which introduces some distinctive note into the soul-life of the world2 which teaches humanity a new angle of vision towards the ,infinite2 and by its living and1 if need be1 by its dying1 vindicates the eternal values of lifeconscience1 honour1 liberty4 ,judged by this test1 some of the littlest of peoples,judea1 ,greece1 ,elizabethan ,englandstand foremost among cultured nations1 champions of the sacred heritage of man4 ,judged by this test1 many a poor ,jew1 though he be devoid of the graces1 amenities1 and comforts of life1 is yet possessed of culture4 ,an ancient language1 a classical language1 a holy language1 is as familiar to him as his mother-tongue2 saturated is he with the sublimest of literatures1 which hallows his life and endows him with high faith and invincible courage4 ,sympathetic appreciation of this indomitable type1 this harmonious albeit rugged personality1 might well be taken as a touchstone of a man's mentality1 culture1 and humanity4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aiae4 ,,the ,,student ,,of ,,the ,,torah#c ,,if one asks a student to-day why he studies1 he will at once1 in spite of his youth1 give a very practical answer4 ,he mentions the profession for which he is preparing himself1 and through which he will obtain a lucrative office or a comfortable position in life4 ,it is entirely different with those who expended their time and powers on the study of the ,talmud4 ,they wished to derive no profit from their studies2 not to use them1 as a ,mishna teacher says1 #8as a spade to dig wherewith nor as a crown wherewith to aggrandise oneself'4 #8,say not'1 exclaims the ,talmud1 #8,i will study the ,torah in order that people may call me ,sage or ,master1 but study from pure love to ,god1 to cleave more closely unto ,him through the knowledge and understanding of ,his word4' ,day and night did they bury themselves in the study of subjects that had nothing to do with social life or with gain2 often they became engrossed in the investigation of laws of sacrifices and purification1 although these had long since grown obsolete4 ,they desired nothing but knowledge1 understanding1 illumination4 ,where is there another people on earth among whom studies which aimed only at truth and the development of the spiritual life were cultivated with such pure1 devoted1 and selfless love as in ,israel8 ,a4 ,,jellinek1 #ahhb4 ,,bar ,,mitzvah ,,prayer#d ,o ,,my ,god1 and ,god of ,my ,fathers1 ,on this solemn and sacred day1 which marketh my passage from boyhood to manhood1 ,i humbly venture to raise my eyes unto ,thee1 and to declare with sincerity and truth that henceforth ,i will observe all ,thy commandments1 and undertake to bear the responsibility of all mine actions towards ,thee4 ,in my earliest infancy ,i was brought within ,thy sacred covenant with ,israel1 and to-day ,i again enter as an active responsible member the pale of ,thine elect congregation1 in the midst of which ,i will never cease to glorify ,thy holy name in the face of all nations4 ,do ,thou1 ,o ,heavenly ,father1 hearken unto this my humble prayer1 and vouchsafe unto me ,thy gracious blessings1 so that my earthly life may be sustained and made happy by ,thine ineffable mercies4 ,teach me the way of ,thy statutes1 that ,i may obey them1 and faithfully carry out ,thy ordinances4 ,dispose my heart to love ,thee and to fear ,thy holy name1 and grant me ,thy support and the strength necessary to avoid the worldly dangers which encompass the path lying before me4 ,save me from temptation1 so that ,i may with fortitude observe ,thy holy ,law and those precepts on which human happiness and eternal life depend4 ,thus ,i will every day of my life trustfully and gladly proclaim3 #8,hear1 ,o ,israel1 the ,lord is our ,god1 the ,lord is one6' ,,benjamin ,,artom1 #ahfh4 ,,on ,,the ,,threshold ,,of ,,manhood ,,my son1 keep the commandment of thy father1 ,and forsake not the teaching of thy mother4 ,bind them continually upon thy heart1 ,tie them about thy neck4 ,when thou walkest1 it shall lead thee2 ,when thou liest down1 it shall watch over thee2 ,and when thou awakest1 it shall talk with thee4 ,for the commandment is a lamp1 and the teaching is light1 ,and reproofs of instruction are the way of life3 ,to keep thee from the evil woman4 ,,proverbs #f4 #bjd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rabbi ,hanina#e1 son of ,dosa1 said3 #8,he in whom the fear of sin comes before wisdom1 his wisdom shall endure2 but he in whom wisdom comes before the fear of sin1 his wisdom will not endure4' ,rabbi ,eleazar#f1 son of ,azaryah1 said3 #8,he whose wisdom exceeds his works1 to what is he like8 ,to a tree whose branches are many1 but whose roots are few2 and the wind comes and plucks it up and overturns it upon its face4 ,but he whose works exceed his wisdom1 to what is he like8 ,to a tree whose branches are few1 but whose roots are many1 so that even if all the winds in the world come and blow upon it1 it cannot be stirred from its place4' ,,ethics ,,of ,,the ,,fathers4 ,a ,,father',s ,,admonition ,,fear the ,lord the ,god of thy ,fathers and serve ,him in love1 for fear only restrains a man from sin1 while love stimulates him to good4 ,accustom thyself to habitual goodness1 for a man's character is what habit makes it4 ,the perfection of the body is a necessary antecedent to the perfection of the soul1 for health is the key to the inner chamber4 ,measure thy words1 for by multiplying words thou increasest error4 ,if thou find in the ,law or the ,prophets or the ,sages a hard saying which thou canst not understand1 stand fast by thy faith and attribute the fault to thine own want of intelligence4 ,place it in a corner of your heart for future consideration1 but despise not thy religion because thou art unable to understand one difficult matter4 ,love truth and uprightnessthe ornaments of the souland cleave unto them2 prosperity so obtained is built on a sure rock4 ,keep firmly to thy word2 let not a legal contract or witnesses be more binding than thine verbal promise whether in public or in private4 ,disdain reservations and subterfuges1 evasions and sharp practices4 ,woe to him who builds his house upon them4 ,abhor inactivity and indolence1 the causes of destruction of body1 of penury1 of self-contemptthe ladders of ,satan and his satellites4 ,defile not your souls by quarrelsomeness and petulance4 ,i have seen the white become black1 the low brought still lower1 families driven into exile1 princes deposed from their high estate1 great cities laid in ruins1 assemblies dispersed1 the pious humiliated1 the honourable held lightly and despised1 all on account of quarrelsomeness4 ,glory in forbearance1 for in that is true strength and victory4 ,,moses ,,maimonides4 ,,what ,,makes ,a ,,man ,a ,,jew8 ,,judaism is something more than a badge1 something more than a birth-mark2 it is a life4 ,to be born a ,jew does not declare any of us to be of the elect2 it only designates us for enrolment among the elect4 ,god signs the covenant1 but we have to seal itto seal it by a life of service4 #8,what makes a man a ,jew8' is a question that is often asked4 ,the answer is1 two things3 membership of the ,jewish brotherhood1 and loyal fulfilment of the obligations which that membership imposes4 ,to be of the ,jewish race but to trample upon ,jewish duty is to be faithless to ,israel4 ,,morris ,,joseph1 #aijc4 #8,i ,,believe' ,i ,,believe in ,god1 the ,one and ,holy1 the ,creator and ,sustainer of the world4 ,i believe that man possesses a ,divine power wherewith he may subdue his evil impulses and passions1 strive to come nearer and nearer the perfection of ,god1 and commune with ,him in prayer4 ,i believe that select individuals are1 from time to time1 called by ,god as prophets and charged with the mission of declaring ,his will unto men4 ,i believe that man is subject to ,god's law and responsible to the ,searcher of the human heart and the ,righteous ,judge for all his thoughts and deeds4 ,i believe that he who confesses his sins and turns from his evil ways and truly repents is lovingly forgiven by his ,father in ,heaven4 ,i believe that the pious who obey ,god's law and do ,his will with a perfect heart1 and those who truly repent1 share1 as immortal souls1 in the everlasting life of ,god4 ,i believe that ,israel was chosen by ,god as ,his anointed servant to proclaim unto the families of mankind ,his truth2 and1 though despised and rejected by men1 to continue as ,his witness until there come in through him the ,kingdom of ,peace and moral perfection1 and the fullness of the knowledge of ,god1 the true ,community of the ,children of the living ,god4 ,m4 ,l4 ,,margolis1 #aijd4 ,,judaism ,a ,,positive ,,religion ,,satisfying the needs of anybody and everybody1 of every moment and every fleeting season1 is not the highest ideal which ,judaism set before itself4 ,altogether ,i venture to think that the now fashionable test of determining the worth of a religion by its capability to supply the various demands of the great market of believers has something low and mercenary about it4 ,true religion is not a jack-of-all-trades1 meaning ,monotheism to the philosopher1 ,pluralism to the crowd1 some mysterious ,nothing to the agnostic1 ,pantheism to the poet1 and ,service of ,man to the hero-worshipper4 ,its mission is just as much to teach the world that there are false gods and false ideals as to bring it nearer to the true one4 ,abraham1 the friend of ,god1 who was destined to become the first winner of souls1 began his career1 according to the legend1 with breaking idols1 and it is his particular glory to have been in opposition to the whole world4 ,judaism means to convert the world1 not to convert itself4 ,it will not die in order not to live4 ,it disdains a victory by defeating itself1 in giving up its essential doctrines1 its most sacred symbols1 its most precious traditions1 and its most vital teaching4 ,it has confidence in the world2 it hopes and prays and waits patiently for the ,great ,day when the world will be ripe for its acceptance4 ,s4 ,,schechter1 #ahic4 ,,the ,,mission ,,of ,,israel ,think of the meaning of that simple ceremony in our service when the ,minister takes his stand before the ,ark1 and clasping the sacred scroll in his arms1 proclaims the 1 belief in the unity of ,one ,eternal1 ,almighty ,god4 ,this rite symbolizes the mission of ,israel to the world3 ,with the ,law of ,god folded in his arms and its words engraved upon his heart1 he has gone up and down the earth proclaiming his belief in the ,one ,supreme ,beinga ,being whose spirit fills all time and all space1 a ,being never embodied1 but made manifest to man in the glory of the creation and in ,his all-wise behests1 which teach mercy1 love1 and justice4444 ,,hermann ,,adler1 #ahie4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,clear and concise definition of ,judaism#g is very difficult to give1 for the reason that it is not a religion pure and simple based upon accepted creeds1 but is one inseparably connected with the ,jewish nation as the depositary and guardian of the truths held by it for mankind4 ,far from having become #a1ijj years ago a stagnant religion1 ,judaism has ever remained #8a river of ,god full of living waters'1 which1 while running within the river-bed of a single nation1 has continued to feed anew the great streams of human civilization4 ,k4 ,,kohler1 #aijd4 ,,tolerance ,i ,,thou art the ,lord1 and all beings are ,thy servants1 ,thy domain2 ,and through those who serve idols vain ,thine honour is not detracted from1 ,for they all aim to ,thee to come2 ,but they are as the blind1 ,that seeking the royal road could not find2 ,the one sank in destruction's well2 ,another into a cavity fell1 ,and all thought they had reached what they sought ,yet toiled for naught4 ,,solomon ,,ibn ,,gabirol1 #ajej4 7,trans4 ,m4 ,jastrow47 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,call heaven and earth to witness that whether it be ,jew or heathen1 man or woman1 free or bondmanonly according to their acts does the ,divine spirit rest upon them4 ,,midrash4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,salvation is attained not by subscription to metaphysical dogmas1 but solely by love of ,god that fulfils itself in action4 ,this is a cardinal truth in ,judaism4 ,,chasdai ,,crescas1 #adaj4 ,,ii ,,your question1 why ,i do not try to make converts1 has1 ,i must say1 somewhat surprised me4 ,the duty to proselytize springs clearly from the idea that outside a certain belief there is no salvation4 ,i1 as a ,jew1 am not bound to accept that dogma1 because1 according to the teachings of the ,rabbis1 the righteous of all nations shall have part in the rewards of the future world4 ,your motive1 therefore1 is foreign to me2 nay1 as a ,jew1 ,i am not allowed publicly to attack any religion which is sound in its moral teachings4 ,,moses ,,mendelssohn1 #aggj4 ,to a non-,jewish correspondent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,am the creature of ,god1 and so is my fellow-man2 my calling is in the town1 and his in the fields2 ,i go early to my work1 and he to his2 he does not boast of his labour nor ,i of mine1 and if thou wouldst say1 #8,i accomplish great things and he little things'1 we have learnt that whether a man accomplish great things or small1 his reward is the same if only his heart be set upon ,heaven4 ,,talmud4 ,,our ,,heritage ,,our laws have been such as have always inspired admiration and imitation in all other men4 ,nay1 farther1 multitudes of mankind have had a great inclination of a long time to follow our religious observances2 for there is not any city of the ,grecians1 nor any of the barbarians1 nor any nation whatsoever1 whither our custom of resting on the seventh day hath not come1 and by which our fasts and lighting up lamps1 and many of our prohibitions as to our food1 are not observed2#h they also endeavour to imitate our mutual concord with one another1 and the charitable distribution of our goods1 and our diligence in our trades1 and our fortitude in undergoing distresses on account of our laws4 ,and what is here matter of the greatest admiration1 our ,law hath no bait of pleasure to allure men to it1 but it prevails by its own force2 and as ,god himself pervades all the world1 so hath our ,law passed through all the world also4 ,as to the laws themselves more words are unnecessary1 for they are visible in their own nature1 and appear to teach not impiety1 but the truest piety in the world4 ,they are enemies to injustice2 they banish idleness and luxurious living2 and they instruct men to be content with what they have1 and to be laborious in their calling4 ,they forbid men to make war from a desire of getting more1 but make men courageous in defending the laws4 ,on which account ,i am so bold as to say that we are become the teachers of other men in the greatest number of things1 and those of the most excellent nature only2 for what is more excellent than inviolable piety8 ,what is more just than submission to laws1 and more advantageous than mutual love and concord8 ,and this so far that we are to be neither divided by calamities1 nor to become injurious and seditious in prosperity2 but to contemn death when we are in war1 and in peace to apply ourselves to our handicrafts1 or to our tillage of the ground2 while we in all things and in all ways are satisfied that ,god is the ,judge and ,governor of our actions4 ,,flavius ,,josephus1 #ast cent4 ,,our ,,fathers ,,let us now praise famous men1 ,our fathers in their generations4 ,the ,lord manifested in them great glory1 ,even ,his mighty power from the beginning4 ,such as did bear rule in their kingdoms1 ,and were men renowned for their power1 ,giving counsel by their understanding1 ,such as have brought tidings in prophecies3 ,leaders of the people by their counsels1 ,and by their understanding men of learning for the people2 ,wise were their words in their instruction3 ,such as sought out musical tunes1 ,and set forth verses in writing3 ,rich men furnished with ability1 ,living peaceably in their habitations3 ,all these were honoured in their generations1 ,and were a glory in their days4 ,there be of them1 that have left a name behind them1 ,to declare their praises4 ,and some there be1 which have no memorial2 ,who are perished as though they had not been1 ,and are become as though they had not been born1 ,and their children after them4 ,but these were men of mercy1 ,whose righteous deeds have not been forgotten4 ,with their seed shall remain continually a good inheritance2 ,their children are within the covenants4 ,their seed standeth fast1 ,and their children for their sakes4 ,their seed shall remain for ever1 ,and their glory shall not be blotted out4 ,their bodies are buried in peace1 ,and their name liveth for evermore4 ,peoples will declare their wisdom1 ,and the congregation telleth out their praise4 ,,ecclesiasticus #dd4 #aae4 ,,the ,,obligations ,,of ,,heredity ,,jewish history admonishes the ,jews3 #8,noblesse oblige'4 ,the privilege of belonging to a people to whom the honourable title of the #8,veteran of ,history' has been conceded puts serious responsibilities on your shoulders4 ,you must demonstrate that you are worthy of your heroic past4 ,s4 ,m4 ,,dubnow1 #ahic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,our virtues are ,israel's3 all our success in life we owe to the fact that the blood of the #8toughest of peoples' is coursing in our veins4 ,our vices are our own4 ,now the world inverts the distribution4 ,our virtues it credits to us1 to our individual brilliancy1 diligence1 courage4 ,whereas the crimes1 vices1 and failings of any single ,jew1 no matter how estranged from his people or his people's faith he may be1 it puts down to his ,jewishness1 and fathers them upon the entire ,jewish race4 ,is it not a matter of sacred honour1 as far as in us lies to counteract the world's injustice to our people by rendering1 when the opportunity is ours1 some repayment for all we owe to ,israel8 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aiae4 ,,zedakah#i;,,charity ,,tur1 ,,ii1 #bdg ,,the dispensing of charity according to one's means is a positive precept1 which demands greater care and diligence in its fulfilment than all the other positive precepts of the ,law4 ,for its neglect may possibly lead to the taking of life1 inasmuch as the denial of timely aid may compass the death of the poor man who needs our immediate help4 ,whoso closes his eyes to this duty and hardens his heart to his needy brother is called a worthless man1 and is regarded as an idolater4 ,but whosoever is careful in the fulfilment of this duty attests himself as belonging to the seed of ,abraham1 whom the ,lord hath blessed3 #8,for ,i have known him1 to the end that he may command his children and his household after him1 that they may keep the way of the ,lord1 to do ,zedakah and justice' 7,genesis #ah4 #ai74 ,charity is the main foundation of ,israel's pre-eminence1 and the basis of the ,law of ,truth4 ,as the prophet says unto ,zion3 #8,by ,zedakah shalt thou be established' 7,isaiah #ed4 #ad74 ,its practice will alone bring about ,israel's redemption3 #8,zion shall be redeemed with justice1 and they that return of her with ,zedakah' 7,isaiah #a4 #bg74 ,charity is greater than all sacrifices1 says ,rabbi ,eleazar2 even as it is written1 #8,to do ,zedakah and justice is more acceptable to the ,lord than sacrifice' 7,proverbs #ba4 #c74 ,whoso pities the poor shall himself receive compassion from the ,holy ,one1 blessed be ,he4 ,let man further reflect that as there is a wheel of fortune revolving in this world1 perchance some day either he himself1 or his son1 or his son's son1 may be brought down to the same lowly state4 ,nor let it enter his mind to say3 #8,how can ,i give to the poor and thus lessen my possessions8' ,for man must know that he is not the master of what he has1 but only the guardian1 to carry out the will of ,him who entrusted these things to his keeping4 ,whosoever withholds alms from the needy thereby withdraws himself from the lustre of the ,shechinah and the light of the ,law4 ,let man therefore be exceedingly diligent in the right bestowal of charity4 ,,jacob ,,ben ,,asher1 #acbj4 7,trans4 ,a4 ,feldman47 ,,zedakah,,justice4 #8,,neither shalt thou favour a poor man his cause' 7,exodus #bc4 #c74 ,it is one of the deep and fundamental traits of ,judaism that whilst presupposing sympathy and commiseration with the poor and the hapless1 it nevertheless fears that in a suit-at-law justice might be outraged in favour of the poor man even when he is in the wrongoutraged just because of his very distress4 ,sympathy and compassion are emotions that have their proper place and use1 but even these noble feelings must be silenced in the presence of ,justice4 ,in this ,scriptural command there is a height of conception1 a sublimity of moral view1 which compels the reverence of all4 ,a4 ,,geiger1 #ahfe4 ,,the ,,jewish ,,poor ,,the ,kingdom of ,godthe ,rabbis heldis inconsistent with a state of social misery4 ,they were not satisfied with feeding the poor4 ,their great ideal was not to allow a man to be poor1 not to allow him to come down into the depths of poverty4 ,they say1 #8,try to prevent it by teaching him a trade4 ,try all methods before you permit him to become an object of charity1 which must degrade him1 tender as your dealings with him may be4' ,s4 ,,schechter1 #ahic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,it is an arduous task to think for the ,jewish poor4 ,he has a rooted notion that he is the best1 the only judge1 of what is good for you to do for him4 ,and the fact is that these self-confident recipients of your generosity really are often your betters in many qualifications4 ,large-mindedness is needed here4 ,we must respect old habits2 we must fathom the deep moral springs of life4 ,we must beware that our brothers do not divest themselves of their best1 and assume our worst4 ,i4 ,,abrahams1 #ahif4 ,,at #8,,the ,,old ,,people',s ,,rest'1 ,,jerusalem ,a ,,score or so of old men with white beards seated at a long table covered by open books of the ,talmud4 ,the sacred scroll of the ,law is enshrined at their left1 and behind them we see ponderous old tomes1 tight fitted into the alcove of a vault-like chamber1 with quaint curves and angles4 ,is not this some souvenir from the brush of an old master8 ,no1 it is a group of inmates of the #8,old ,people's ,rest' at ,jerusalem4 ,what strikes one most about the inmates is the refinement and intellectuality of their features4 ,it is a workhouse where aged failures in the struggle for existence are permitted to pass away in peace4 ,not here will we meet with degraded types of the ,european inebriate or jailbird4 ,they are all representative of one very fascinating aspect of ,judaism which it is the fashion to doubt or decry4 ,it is not only in ,india that the ,yogi1 or contemplative ,sage1 is to be met with1 who1 having fulfilled his whole duty as a man1 retires from active life to meditate on the here and the hereafter4 ,we have our ,jewish ,yogis even outside the dazzling effulgence which emanates from the ,zohar4 ,they work not1 neither do they spin1 but the world is better for their being in it1 even if not of it4 ,it is refreshing to think that not everybody is in a hurry1 not everybody busy money-making or money-spending1 and that a few there are who are survivals of more tranquil ages4 ,e4 ,n4 ,,adler1 #ahie4 ,,sharing ,,the ,,burden ,i ,,when trouble comes upon the congregation1 it is not right for a man to say1 #8,i will eat and drink1 and things will be peaceful for me'4 ,moses1 our ,teacher1 always bore his share in the troubles of the congregation1 as it is written1 #8,they took a stone and put it under him' 7,exodus #ag4 #ab74 ,could they not have given him a chair or a cushion8 ,but then he said1 #8,since the ,israelites are in trouble1 lo1 ,i will bear my part with them1 for he who bears his portion of the burden will live to enjoy the hour of consolation'4 ,woe to one who thinks1 #8,ah1 well1 ,i will neglect my duty4 ,who can know whether ,i bear my part or not8' ,even the stones of the house1 ay1 the limbs of the trees shall testify against him1 as it is written1 #8,for the stones will cry from the wall1 and the limbs of the trees will testify'4 ,,talmud4 ,,ii#aj #8,,it is high time'1 wrote ,leopold ,zunz1 in the days when the emancipation of the ,jews in ,europe was being constantly postponed1 or was being dealt with in a huckstering and grudging spirit1 #8,it is high time that instead of having rights and liberties doled out to them1 they should obtain ,right and ,liberty4' ,it was well said3 #8,right and ,liberty' are one and indivisible1 and belong to all men as such4 ,well1 #8,right and ,liberty' are ours1 if any people on the face of the earth can be said to possess them4 ,surely we owe something to the land and the people where and among whom our lines are fallen1 and of which we are an integral part4 ,we owe it to them to take our share of the national burdens and in the national life1 to seek our prosperity in theirs1 to respect the law and its representatives1 from the humblest officer of justice to the ,sovereign upon the throne4 ,,simeon ,,singer1 #ahid4 ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,self-,,respect ,,nothing is more dangerous for a nation or for an individual than to plead guilty to imaginary sins4 ,where the sin is realby honest endeavour the sinner can purify himself4 ,but when a man has been persuaded to suspect himself unjustlywhat can he do8 ,our greatest need is emancipation from self-contempt1 from this idea that we are really worse than all the world4 ,otherwise we may in course of time become in reality what we now imagine ourselves to be4 ,,achad ,,ha',,am1 #ahia4 ,,anti-,,semitism ,i ,,jewish misery has two forms1 the material and the moral4 ,in ,eastern ,europe1 in those regions which shelter the vast majority of our race1 we see a painful fight for the maintenance of a bare existence4 ,in ,western ,europe1 the ,jew has bread2 but man does not live on bread alone4 ,his misery is moral4 ,it exists in the constant wounding of self-respect and honour4 ,,max ,,nordau1 #ahig4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,remember when ,i used to come home from the ,cheder#aa1 bleeding and crying from the wounds inflicted upon me by the ,christian boys1 my father used to say1 #8,my child1 we are in ,golus 7exile71 and we must submit to ,god's will'4 ,and he made me understand that this is only a passing stage in history1 as we ,jews belong to ,eternity1 when ,god will comfort ,his people4 ,thus the pain was only physical2 but my real suffering began later in life1 when ,i emigrated from ,roumania to so-called civilized countries1 and found there what ,i might call the ,higher ,anti-,semitism1 which burns the soul though it leaves the body unhurt4 ,s4 ,,schechter1 #aijc4 ,,ii ,,not rarely a ,jew is heard to murmur that we must learn from our enemies and try to remedy our failings4 ,he forgets1 however1 that the anti-,semitic accusations are valueless1 because they are not based on a criticism of real facts1 but are merely due to the psychological law according to which children1 savages1 and malevolent fools make persons and things against which they have an aversion responsible for their sufferings4 ,pretexts change1 but the hatred remains4 ,the ,jews are not hated because they have evil qualities2 evil qualities are sought for in them because they are hated4 ,,max ,,nordau4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,my grandmother1 the beautiful daughter of a family who had suffered much from persecution1 had imbibed that dislike for her race which the vain are too apt to adopt when they find they are born to public contempt4 ,the indignant feeling that should be reserved for the persecutor1 in the mortification of their disturbed sensibility1 is too often visited on the victim2 and the cause of annoyance is recognized not in the ignorant malevolence of the powerful1 but in the conscientious conviction of the innocent sufferer4 ,,benjamin ,,disraeli1 #ahdh4 ,,iii ,,anti-,,semites accuse the ,jewish people of an incapacity for forgiveness and love4 ,let these preachers of love first practise it4 ,let them refrain1 at least1 from incendiary slanders against ,israel who1 among all the peoples of the world1 has agonized and suffered most from hatred1 malice1 and all uncharitableness at the hands of others4 ,let such preachers of love remember the ,mosaic ,law3 #8,thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour'4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aiai4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,not one man alone has risen up against us to destroy us1 but in every generation there rise up against us those who seek to destroy us2 but the ,holy ,one1 blessed be ,he1 delivers us from their hands4 ,,passover ,,hagadah4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,no weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper2 and every tongue that shall rise against thee in judgement thou shalt condemn4 ,,isaiah #ed4 #ag4 ,,the ,,jew ,,as ,a ,,patriot ,,every student of the ,hebrew language is aware that we have in the conjugation of its verbs a mood known as the ,intensive 7,piel7 ,voice1 which by means of an almost imperceptible modification of vowel points intensifies the meaning of the primitive root4 ,a similar significance seems to attach to the ,jews themselves in connexion with the people among whom they dwell4 ,they are the intensive form of any nationality whose language and customs they adopt4 ,,emma ,,lazarus1 #ahhb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,loyalty to the flag for which the sun once stood still1 can only deepen our devotion to the flag on which the sun never sets4 ,col4 ,a4 ,e4 ,,goldsmid1 #aijb4 ,,the ,,jewish ,,soldier ,,mother ,england1 ,mother ,england1 'mid the thousands ,far beyond the sea to-day1 ,doing battle for thy honour1 for thy glory1 ,is there place for us1 a little band of brothers8 ,england1 say6 ,long ago and far away1 ,o ,mother ,england1 ,we were warriors brave and bold2 ,but a hundred nations rose in arms against us1 ,and the shades of exile closed o'er those heroic ,days of old4 ,thou hast given us home and freedom1 ,mother ,england1 ,thou hast let us live again1 ,free and fearless1 'midst thy free and fearless children1 ,sharing with them1 as one people1 grief and gladness1 ,joy and pain4 ,for the ,jew has heart and hand1 our ,mother ,england1 ,and they both are thine to-day ,thine for life and thine for deathyea1 thine for ever6 ,wilt thou take them as we give them1 freely1 gladly8 ,england1 say6 ,,alice ,,lucas1 #ahii4 ,,the ,,jew',s ,,love ,,of ,,britain#ab ,,is it a matter of surprise that so goodly a number of our brethren offered themselves willingly among the people8 ,one of the masterpieces of eloquence bequeathed to us by classic antiquity is the funeral oration delivered by ,pericles on those who had fallen in the ,peloponnesian ,war4 ,he dilates upon the sources of ,athens' greatness4 ,he portrays in glowing colours how justice is there equally meted out to all citizens1 from the highest to the lowest1 how all are under the aegis of freedom1 and all equally inspired by obedience to law4 ,and he continues3 #8,such a country well deserves that her children should die for her6' ,the members of the ,house of ,israel have always faithfully served the country of their birth or their adoption4 ,but surely ,england deserves that we1 her ,jewish children1 should gladly live and die for her3 since here1 as in no other country1 the teachings of ,holy ,writ are venerated and obeyed4 ,here1 as in no other ,empire in the world1 there breathes a passionate love of freedom1 a burning hatred of tyrant wrong4 ,,hermann ,,adler1 at the unveiling of the ,memorial to the ,jewish soldiers who fell in the ,south ,african ,war1 #aije4 ,,to ,,england ,,lines ,,of ,a ,,russian ,,jew ,,in childhood ,i learned to love thee1 ,thy name was a legend to me2 ,i dreamt of a distant great island1 ,where men may be strong1 yet be free4 ,and ,i1 who the clatter of fetters ,have heard in my childhood and youth1 ,do bless thee for giving me refuge1 ,and faith in the triumph of truth4 ,thou art not my stepmother1 ,england1 ,my sister of mercy thou art2 ,for thee in the hour of thy trial ,a brotherly love fills my heart4 ,p4 ,m4 ,,raskin1 #aiad4 ,,judaism ,,and ,,the ,,jew ,,in ,,america ,i ,,like the river that takes its rise in the distant hills1 gradually courses its way through the country1 passing alike through sublime landscape and hideous morass1 offering its banks for the foundation of great cities1 its waters enriched and modified by the tributaries that gradually flow towards it1 until it at last loses itself in the ocean3 so ,judaism1 taking its rise among the mountains of ,sinai1 slowly and steadily has advanced2 passing alternately through a golden age of toleration and an iron age of persecution1 giving its moral code for the foundation of many a government2 modified by the customs and modes of life of each nation through which it has passed1 chastened and enriched by centuries of experienceshall ,i say1 as ,i said with the river1 that it1 too1 at last loses itself in the great sea of humanity8 ,no6 rather like the ,gulf ,stream1 which1 passing through the vast ,atlantic ,ocean1 part of it1 and yet distinct from it1 never losing its individuality1 but always detected by its deeper colour and warmer temperature1 until it eventually modifies the severe climate of a distant country3 so ,judaism1 passing through all the nations of the old world1 part of them1 and yet distinct from them1 ever recognized by its depth and intensity1 has at last reached this new world without having lost its individuality4 ,and here it is still able1 by the loftiness of its ethical truth and by the purity of its principles1 to give intellectual and moral stamina to a never-ending future humanity4 ,m4 ,h4 ,,harris1 #ahhg4 ,,ii ,,we1 more than any other nation on the globe1 recall the happy day when the light of promise first dawned in a modern ,canaan1 overflowing with the milk and honey of humane kindness1 in a land symbolized by the torch of the goddess of liberty1 whose soft1 mild1 yet penetrating rays are reflected o'er all the scattered sons of much-tried ,israel1 whom she so benignantly beckons to these shores4 ,,alexander ,,kohut1 on the #djjth ,anniversary of the ,discovery of ,america1 #ahib4 ,,the ,,deluge ,,of ,,fire 7#aiadaiah7 ,,mankind craves the conviction that the agony and tears and suffering of these hundreds of millions of belligerents1 constituting the vast majority of the human race1 are not in vain2 that somehow good will come of all this infinite woe4 ,in old ,jewish books there is a wondrous legend of a second ,deluge1 a ,deluge of ,fire1 that would sweep over the earth4 ,in anticipation of it1 the children of men were bidden to write the story of man on tables of clay1 as such tables would not only escape destruction1 but would become the more enduring4 ,we to-day are the eyewitnesses of such a fire-deluge dreamt of by the ancients4 ,let us not1 however1 fear that civilization and religion will perish from the earth4 ,quite other will be its far-reaching results for mankind4 ,right and humanity will emerge stronger than ever from this world-conflagration4 ,before this war we saw that the laws of ,god and man were written as it were on mere tables of clay1 breakable and effaceable at will4 ,this very world-conflagration1 however1 will yet render the ,law of ,nations indestructible and for ever unassailable by insolence or power4 ,the behests of humanity1 which so far have been but pious wishes1 will be converted into regulative principles in international dealings4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 to a congregation of ,jewish soldiers at the ,front1 ,france1 #aiae4 ,,the ,,healing ,,of ,,the ,,nations ,,the sun and the moon are become black1 ,and the stars withdraw their shining 444 ,and the heavens and the earth shall shake2 ,but the ,lord will be a refuge unto ,his people4 ,,joel #d4 #ae1 #af4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,and the loftiness of man shall be bowed down1 ,and the haughtiness of men shall be brought low2 ,and the ,lord alone shall be exalted in that day4 ,and the idols shall utterly pass away4 ,,isaiah #b4 #ag1 #ah4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,and1 behold1 the ,lord passed by1 and a great and strong wind rent the mountains1 and broke in pieces the rocks before the ,lord2 but the ,lord was not in the wind2 and after the wind an earthquake2 but the ,lord was not in the earthquake2 and after the earthquake a fire2 but the ,lord was not in the fire2 and after the fire a still small voice4 #a ,,kings #ai4 #aa1 #ab4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,heal us1 ,o ,lord1 and we shall be healed2 save us1 and we shall be saved2 for ,thou art our praise4 ,vouchsafe a perfect healing unto all our wounds2 for ,thou1 almighty ,king1 art a faithful and merciful ,physician4 ,,daily ,,prayer ,,book4 ,,the ,,messianic ,,hope ,,when the harp of ,judah sounded1 thrilled with the touch of inspiration ,divine1 among the echoes it waked in the human heart were those sweet sounds whose witcheries transport the soul into the realms of happiness4 ,that melody has been our source of courage1 our solace and our strength1 and in all our wanderings we have sung it4 ,it is the music of the ,messianic age1 the triumph-hymn to be one day thundered by all humanity1 the real psalm of life as mankind shall sing it when ,israel's world-task of teaching it shall have been accomplished4 ,its harmony is the harmony of the families of the earth1 at last at peace1 at last united in brotherhood1 at last happy in their return to the ,one ,great ,father4 ,h4 ,,pereira ,,mendes1 #ahhg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,have we not all one father8 ,hath not one ,god created us8 ,why do we deal treacherously every man against his brother1 ,profaning the covenant of our fathers8 ,,malachi #b4 #aj4 ,,the ,,vision ,,of ,a ,,united ,,humanity ,,and it shall come to pass in the end of days1 ,that the mountain of the ,lord's house shall be established as the top of the mountains1 ,and shall be exalted above the hills2 ,and all nations shall flow unto it1 ,and many peoples shall go and say3 #8,come ye1 and let us go up to the mountain of the ,lord1 ,to the house of the ,god of ,jacob2 ,and ,he will teach us of ,his ways2 ,and we will walk in ,his paths4' ,for out of ,zion shall go forth the law1 ,and the word of the ,lord from ,jerusalem4 ,and ,he shall judge between the nations1 ,and shall decide for many peoples2 ,and they shall beat their swords into ploughshares1 ,and their spears into pruning-hooks2 ,nation shall not lift up sword against nation1 ,neither shall they learn war any more4 ,,isaiah #b4 #bd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,jew who is true to himself will labour with especial energy in the cause of peace4 ,his religion1 his history1 his mission1 all pledge him to a policy of peace1 as a citizen as well as an individual4 ,the war-loving ,jew is a contradiction in terms4 ,the #8,man of ,sorrows' must beware of helping1 however remotely1 to heap sorrow upon others4 ,,morris ,,joseph1 #aijc4 ,,trust ,,ye ,,in ,,the ,,lord ,,for ,,ever ,,thou wilt keep him in perfect peace whose mind is stayed on ,thee2 because he trusted in ,thee4 ,trust ye in the ,lord for ever1 for the ,lord is ,god1 an everlasting ,rock4 ,the way of the just is straight3 ,thou1 ,most ,upright1 makest plain the path of the just4 ,yea1 in the way of ,thy judgements1 ,o ,lord1 have we waited for ,thee2 to ,thy name and to ,thy memorial is the desire of our soul4 ,with my soul have ,i desired ,thee in the night2 ,yea1 with my spirit within me will ,i seek ,thee early3 for when ,thy judgements are in the earth1 the inhabitants of the world learn righteousness4 ,let favour be showed to the wicked1 yet will he not learn righteousness3 in the land of uprightness will he deal wrongfully and will not behold the majesty of the ,lord4 ,lord1 ,thy hand is lifted up1 yet they see not3 but they shall see ,thy zeal for the people1 and be ashamed2 yea1 the fire of ,thine adversaries shall devour them4 ,lord1 ,thou wilt ordain peace for us3 for ,thou hast also wrought all our works for us4 ,,isaiah #bf4 #c1 #d1 #gab4 ,,ii ,,the ,,people ,,of ,,the ,,book ,,now the ,lord said unto ,abram3 #8444 ,i will make of thee a great nation1 and ,i will bless thee1 and make thy name great2 and be thou a blessing3 ,and ,i will bless them that bless thee1 and him that curseth thee will ,i curse2 and in thee shall all the families of the earth be blessed4' ,,genesis #ab4 #ac4 ,,thus saith ,god the ,lord 444 ,i the ,lord have called thee in righteousness and have taken hold of thine hand1 and kept thee1 and set thee for a covenant of the people1 for a light of the nations2 to open the blind eyes1 to bring out the prisoners from the dungeon1 and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house4 ,,isaiah #db4 #eg4 ,,israel ,,immortal ,,thus saith the ,lord1 ,who giveth the sun for a light by day1 and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night1 ,who stirreth up the sea1 that the waves thereof roar2 the ,lord of hosts is ,his name3 ,if these ordinances depart from before ,me1 saith the ,lord1 then the seed of ,israel also shall cease from being a nation before ,me for ever4 ,,jeremiah #ca4 #ce1 #cf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the sun and moon for ever shineby day ,and night they mark the ,eternal's high design4 ,changeless and tireless1 speeding on their way1 ,the sun and moon for ever shine4 ,symbols are they of ,israel's chosen line1 ,a nation still1 though countless foes combine2 ,smitten by ,god and healed by ,god are they3 ,they shall not fear1 safe 'neath the ,rock divine1 ,nor cease to be1 until men cease to say1 ,the sun and moon for ever shine4 ,,yehudah ,,halevi1 #aaej4 7,trans4 ,alice ,lucas47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the life of man is numbered by days1 ,the days of ,israel are innumerable4 ,,ecclesiasticus #cg4 #be4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,kingdoms arise and kingdoms pass away1 but ,israel endureth for evermore4 ,,midrash4 ,,the ,,eternal ,,riddle#ac ,,israel1 my people1 ,god's greatest riddle1 ,will thy solution ,ever be told8 ,foughtnever conquered1 ,bentnever broken1 ,mortalimmortal1 ,youthful1 though old4 ,egypt enslaved thee1 ,babylon crushed thee1 ,rome led thee captive1 ,homeless thy head4 ,where are those nations ,mighty and fearsome8 ,thou hast survived them1 ,they are long dead4 ,nations keep coming1 ,nations keep going1 ,passing like shadows1 ,wiped off the earth4 ,thou an eternal ,witness remainest1 ,watching their burial1 ,watching their birth4 ,pray1 who revealed thee ,heavens great secret3 ,death and destruction ,thus to defy8 ,suffering torture1 ,stake1 inquisition ,prithee1 who taught thee ,never to die8 ,ay1 and who gave thee ,faith1 deep as ocean1 ,strong as the rock-hills1 ,fierce as the sun8 ,hated and hunted1 ,ever thou wand'rest1 ,bearing a message3 ,god is but one6 ,pray1 has thy saga ,likewise an ending1 ,as its beginning ,glorious of old8 ,israel1 my people1 ,god's greatest riddle1 ,will thy solution ,ever be told8 ,p4 ,m4 ,,raskin1 #aiad4 ,,the ,,secret ,,of ,,israel',s ,,immortality#ad ,,what has prevented this constantly migrating people1 this veritable ,wandering ,jew1 from degenerating into brutalized vagabonds1 into vagrant hordes of gipsies8 ,the answer is at hand4 ,in its journey through the desert of life1 for eighteen centuries1 the ,jewish people carried along the ,ark of the ,covenant1 which breathed into its heart ideal aspirations1 and even illumined the badge of disgrace affixed to its garment with an apostolic glory4 ,the proscribed1 outlawed1 universally persecuted ,jew felt a sublime1 noble pride in being singled out to perpetuate and to suffer for a religion which reflects eternity1 by which the nations of the earth were gradually educated to a knowledge of ,god and morality1 and from which is to spring the salvation and redemption of the world4 ,such a people1 which disdains its present but has the eye steadily fixed on its future1 which lives as it were on hope1 is on that very account eternal1 like hope4 ,h4 ,,graetz1 #ahec4 ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,books ,,the ,bible1 what a book6 ,large and wide as the world1 based on the abysses of creation1 and towering aloft into the blue secrets of heaven4 ,sunrise and sunset1 promise and fulfilment1 birth and deaththe whole drama of humanityare contained in this one book4 ,it is the ,book of ,books4 ,the ,jews may readily be consoled at the loss of ,jerusalem1 and the ,temple1 and the ,ark of the ,covenant1 and all the crown jewels of ,king ,solomon4 ,such forfeiture is as naught when weighed against the ,bible1 the imperishable treasure that they have saved4 ,if ,i do not err1 it was ,mahomet who named the ,jews the #8,people of the ,book'1 a name which in ,eastern countries has remained theirs to the present day1 and is deeply significant4 ,that one book is to the ,jews their country4 ,within the well-fenced boundaries of that book they live and have their being2 they enjoy their inalienable citizenship1 are strong to admiration2 thence none can dislodge them4 ,absorbed in the perusal of their sacred book they little heeded the changes that were wrought in the real world around them4 ,nations rose and vanished1 ,states flourished and decayed1 revolutions raged throughout the earthbut they1 the ,jews1 sat poring over this book1 unconscious of the wild chase of time that rushed on above their heads4 ,h4 ,,heine1 #ahcj4 ,,the ,,bible#ae ,,as to an ancient temple ,whose vast proportions tower ,with summit inaccessible ,among the stars of heaven2 ,while the resistless ocean ,of peoples and of cities ,breaks at its feet in foam1 ,work that a hundred ages ,hallow3 ,i bow to thee4 ,from out thy mighty bosom ,rise hymns sublime1 and melodies ,like to the heavens singing ,praises to their ,creator2 ,while at the sound1 an ecstasy1 ,a trance1 fills all my being ,with terror and with awe ,i feel my proud heart thrilling ,with throbs of holy pride4 ,oh6 come1 thou high beneficent ,heritage of my fathers2 ,our country1 altar1 prophet1 ,our life1 our all1 art thou6 ,in doubt1 in woe1 in outrage1 ,in pangs of dissolution ,that wring our tortured hearts1 ,come1 ope the rosy portals ,of ,hope to us once more4 ,ah me6 what countless miseries1 ,what tears all unregarded4 ,hast thou consoled and softened ,with gentle voice and holy6 ,how many hearts that struggle ,with doubt1 remorse1 anxiety1 ,with all the woes of ages1 ,dost thou1 on ample pinions1 ,lift purified to ,heaven6 ,listen6 the world is rising1 ,seeking1 unquiet1 thrilling1 ,awakens the new century ,to new hopes and new visions4 ,men hear upon the mountains ,strange and life-giving voices2 ,every soul seems to wait1 ,and from that ,book the signal ,for the new day shall come4 ,,david ,,levi1 #ahdf4 7,trans4 ,mary ,a4 ,craig47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from century to century1 even unto this day1 through the fairest regions of civilization1 the ,bible dominates existence4 ,its vision of life moulds states and societies4 ,its ,psalms are more popular in every country than the poems of the nation's own poets4 ,beside this one book with its infinite editions 444 all other literatures seem #8trifles light as air'4 ,,israel ,,zangwill1 #ahie4 ,a ,,jewish ,,version ,,of ,,the ,,bible ,i ,,our great claim to the gratitude of mankind is that we gave to the world the word of ,god1 the ,bible4 ,we have stormed heaven to snatch down this heavenly gift1 as the ,paitan#af puts it4 ,we threw ourselves into the breach1 and covered it with our bodies against every attack4 ,we allowed ourselves to be slain in hundreds and thousands rather than become unfaithful to it1 and we bore witness to its truth1 and watched over its purity1 in the face of a hostile world4 ,the ,bible is our sole raison d'tre2 and it is just this which the ,higher ,anti-,semitism1 both within and without our ranks1 is seeking to destroy1 denying all our claims for the past and leaving us without hope for the future4 ,this intellectual persecution can only be fought with intellectual weapons1 and unless we make an effort to recover our ,bible we are irrevocably lost from both worlds4 ,s4 ,,schechter1 #aijc4 ,,ii ,,there is an old tradition that the day on which1 for the first time1 the ,pentateuch was translated into a foreign languageinto ,greekwas considered by ,jews as a day of great national calamity4 ,it was feared that the translation1 being incorrect1 might become the source of error instead of being the fountain of divine truths4 ,the fear felt and expressed about two thousand years ago has been fully justified by the history of the several versions that have since been undertaken1 and by the large number of false doctrines1 supposed to be founded on the authority of ,holy ,writ1 whilst really originating in mistakes made by translators4 ,m4 ,,friedl,,nder1 #ahhf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new translations of the ,bible have appeared and are appearing in various languages2 but none of them has made1 or intends to make1 a complete and exhaustive use of ,jewish contributions to the subject4 ,great university professors who know much1 very much1 but who do not know ,jewish literature1 unconsciously assume that they do not know it because it is not worth knowinga judgement that no man has a right to pronounce until he has studied itand this they have not done4 ,m4 ,,sulzberger1 #ahih4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the book1 commonly known as the ,authorized1 or ,king ,james's ,version1 has been so long looked upon with a deep veneration almost bordering on superstitious dread1 that1 to most persons1 the very thought of furnishing an improved translation of the ,divine records will be viewed as an impious assumption and a contempt of the wisdom of former ages4 ,since the time of ,king ,james1 however1 the world has progressed in biblical knowledge no less than in all other branches of science2 and giant minds have laboured to make clear what formerly was obscure4 ,,isaac ,,leeser1 #ahee4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,fully admit the great merits of the ,revised ,version of the ,bible4 ,it corrects many faults1 amends many mistranslations of the so-called ,king ,james's ,version1 without impairing the antique charm of the ,english ,bible1 without putting out of tune the music so dear to our ears4 ,yet even that great work1 compiled by the most eminent scholars and learned theologians in the land1 is disfigured by errors due to dogmatic preconceptions4 ,,hermann ,,adler1 #ahif4 ,,iii ,,the present translation#ag has a character of its own4 ,it aims to combine the spirit of ,jewish tradition with the results of biblical scholarship1 ancient1 mediaeval1 and modern4 ,it gives to the ,jewish world a translation of the ,scriptures done by men imbued with the ,jewish consciousness1 while the non-,jewish world1 it is hoped1 will welcome a translation that presents many passages from the ,jewish traditional point of view4 ,the ,jew cannot afford to have his own ,bible translation prepared for him by others4 ,he cannot have it as a gift1 even as he cannot borrow his soul from others4 ,if a new country and a new language metamorphose him into a new man1 the duty of this new man is to prepare a new garb and a new method of expression for what is most sacred and most dear to him4 ,from ,,translators' ,,preface1 ,jewish ,version of the ,bible1 #aiaf4 ,,iv ,,scripture must be interpreted according to its plain1 natural sense1 each word according to the context4 ,traditional exposition1 however1 may also be taken to heart1 as it is said3 #8,is not ,my word like as fire8'consisting of many sparks#8and like a hammer that breaketh the rock in pieces8'and therefore capable of various explanations4 ,,rashi1 #ajhj4 ,v ,,there is none that hath ever made an end of learning it1 and there is none that will ever find out all its mysteries4 ,for its wisdom is richer than any sea1 and its word deeper than any abyss4 ,,ecclesiasticus #bd4 #bh1 #bi4 ,,israel ,,the ,,people ,,of ,,revelation ,,had there been no ,israelites there would be no ,torah4 ,israel's pre-eminence is not derived from ,moses1 it is ,moses whose pre-eminence is due to ,israel4 ,the ,divine love went out towards the multitude of the children of the ,patriarchs1 the ,congregation of ,jacob4 ,moses was merely the divinely chosen instrument through whom ,god's ,blessing was to be assured unto them4 ,we are called not the people of ,moses1 but the people of ,god4 ,,yehudah ,,halevi1 #aada4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,greeks were not all artists1 but the ,greek nation was alone capable of producing a ,phidias or a ,praxiteles4 ,the same was the case with ,judaism4 ,it is certain that not all ,jews were prophets2 the exclamation1 #8,would that all the people of the ,lord were prophets6' was a pious wish4 ,nevertheless1 ,israel is the people of ,revelation4 ,it must have had a native endowment that could produce1 that could rear1 such men4 ,nor does ,judaism claim to be the work of single individuals2 it does not speak of the ,god of ,moses1 nor of the ,god of the ,prophets1 but of the ,god of ,israel4 ,the fact that the greatest prophet left his work unfinished contains a profound truth4 ,no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day4 ,thereon our ancient teachers remark3 #8,his grave should not serve as a place of pilgrimage whither men go to do honour to one man1 and thus raise him above the level of man'4 ,a4 ,,geiger1 #ahfe4 ,,there ,,is ,,no ,,god ,,but ,,god ,,and ,,israel ,,is ,,his ,,prophet#ah ,,when one thinks how this earliest of theistic creeds has persisted through the ages1 by what wonderful constructive statecraft it has built up a race of which the lowest unit is no atom in a #8submerged tenth'1 but an equal member of a great historic brotherhood1 a scion of the oldest of surviving civilizations1 a student of sacred books1 a lover of home and peace2 when one remembers how he has agonizedthe great misunderstood of historyhow his #8pestilent heresy' has been chastised and rebuked by ,popes and ,crusaders1 ,inquisitors and ,missionaries1 how he has remained sublimely protestant1 imperturbable amid marvellous cathedrals and all the splendid shows of ,christendom1 and how despite all and after all he is living to see the world turning slowly back to his vision of life2 then one seems to see the #8finger of ,god'1 the hand of the ,master-,artist1 behind the comedy-tragedy of existence1 to believe that ,israel is veritably a nation with a mission1 that there is no ,god but ,god and ,israel is ,his prophet4 ,,israel ,,zangwill4 ,,moses#ai ,,how small ,sinai appears when ,moses stands upon it6 ,this mountain is only the pedestal for the feet of the man whose head reaches up to the heavens1 where he speaks with ,god4444 ,formerly ,i could not pardon the legislator of the ,jews his hatred against the plastic arts4 ,i did not see that1 notwithstanding his hostility to art1 ,moses was a great artist1 and possessed the true artistic spirit4 ,but this spirit was directed by him1 as by his ,egyptian compatriots1 to colossal and indestructible undertakings4 ,he built human pyramids1 carved human obelisks2 he took a poor shepherd family and created a nation from ita great1 eternal1 holy people2 a people of ,god1 destined to outlive the centuries1 and to serve as a pattern to all other nations1 even as a prototype to the whole of mankind4 ,he created ,israel4 ,as of the master-builder1 so of his workthe ,hebrew people,i did not speak with sufficient reverence4 ,i see now that the ,greeks were only handsome youths1 whilst the ,jews were always menpowerful1 indomitable menwho have fought and suffered on every battlefield of human thought4 ,h4 ,,heine1 #ahed4 ,,the ,,prophets#bj ,i ',,tis a little people1 but it has done great things4 ,it had but a precarious hold on a few crags and highlands between the desert and the deep sea1 yet its thinkers and sages with eagle vision took into their thought the destinies of all humanity1 and rang out in clarion voice a message of hope to the downtrodden of all races4 ,claiming for themselves and their people the duty and obligations of a true aristocracy1 they held forth to the peoples ideals of a true democracy founded on right and justice4 ,their voices have never ceased to re-echo around the world1 and the greatest things that have been done to raise men's lot have been always in the spirit1 often in the name1 of the ,hebrew prophets4 ,,joseph ,,jacobs1 #aiai4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the mere foretelling of future events is the lowest stage of prophecy1 and in the eyes of the great ,prophets of ,israel it was of quite secondary importance4 ,their aim was to fathom the secrets of holiness2 and their striving1 by means of admonition and moral suasion1 to guide the peoples in the paths which lead mankind to spiritual and political well-being4 ,,shemtob ,,ibn ,,shemtob1 #adhi4 ,,ii ,,it was part of the spirit of ,prophecy to be dumb-founded at human ferocity as at something against nature and reason4 ,in the presence of the iniquities of the world1 the heart of the ,prophets bled as though from a wound of the ,divine ,spirit1 and their cry of indignation re-echoed the wrath of the ,deity4 ,greece and ,rome had their rich and poor1 just as ,israel had in the days of ,jeroboam ,,ii1 and the various classes continued to slaughter one another for centuries2 but no voice of justice and pity arose from the fierce tumult4 ,therefore the words of the ,prophets have more vitality at the present time1 and answer better to the needs of modern souls1 than all the classic masterpieces of antiquity4 ,,james ,,darmesteter1 #ahia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,in ,hebrew prophecy we have no crumbling monument of perishable stone1 the silent witness of a past that is dead and gone1 but the quickening breath of the spirit itself4 ,in the ardent souls of the ,prophets the thought of ,deity was centred as in a burning-glassa fire that consumed them1 a shining light for men4 ,theirs was the abiding sense of an eternal ,will and ,purpose underlying human transient schemes1 an eternal ,presence1 transfusing all of life as with a hidden flame2 so that love of country1 love of right1 love of man1 were not alone human things1 but also divine1 because they were embraced and focussed in a single living unitythe love of ,god4 ,,josephine ,,lazarus1 #ahic4 ,,the ,,talmud#ba ,,the ,talmud is the work which embodies the civil and canonical law of the ,jewish people1 forming a kind of supplement to the ,pentateucha supplement such as took #a1jjj years of a nation's life to produce4 ,it is not merely a dull treatise1 but it appeals to the imagination and the feelings1 and to all that is noblest and purest4 ,between the rugged boulders of the law which bestrew the path of the ,talmud there grow the blue flowers of romanceparable1 tale1 gnome1 saga2 its elements are taken from heaven and earth1 but chiefly and most lovingly from the human heart and from ,scripture1 for every verse and every word in this latter became1 as it were1 a golden nail upon which it hung its gorgeous tapestries4 ,the fundamental law of all human and social economy in the ,talmud was the absolute equality of men4 ,it was pointed out that man was created alonelest one should say to another1 #8,i am of the better or earlier stock'4 ,in a discussion that arose among the ,masters as to which was the most important passage in the whole ,bible1 one pointed to the verse #8,and thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself'4 ,the other contradicted him and pointed to the words #8,this is the book of the generations of man' 7,gen4 #e4 #a7not black1 not white1 not great1 not small1 but man4 #8,the law given on ,mount ,sinai'1 the ,masters said1 #8though emphatically addressed to one people1 belongs to all humanity4 ,it was not given in any king's land1 not in any city or inhabited spotit was given on ,god's own highway1 in the desertnot in the darkness and stillness of night1 but in plain day1 amid thunder and lightning4 ,and why was it given on ,sinai8 ,because it is the lowliest of mountainsto show that ,god's spirit rests only upon them that are meek and lowly in their hearts4' ,the ,talmud taught that religion was not a thing of creed or dogma or faith merely1 but of active goodness4 ,scripture said1 #8,ye shall walk in the ways of the ,lord'4 #8,but the ,lord is a consuming fire2 how can men walk in ,his ways8' #8,by being'1 the rabbis answered1 #8as ,he ismerciful1 loving1 long-suffering4 ,mark how on the first page of the ,pentateuch ,god clothed the naked,adam2 and on the last he buried the dead,moses4 ,he heals the sick1 frees the captives1 does good to ,his enemies1 and is merciful both to the living and to the dead4' ,the most transcendental love of the rabbis was lavished on children4 ,all the verses of ,scripture that spoke of flowers and gardens were applied to children and schools4 ,the highest and most exalted title which they bestowed in their poetical flights upon ,god ,himself was that of #8,pedagogue of ,man'4 ,indeed1 the relationship of man to ,god they could not express more pregnantly than by the most familiar words which occur from one end of the ,talmud to the other1 #8,our ,father in ,heaven'4 ,i have been able to bring before you what proves1 as it were1 but a drop in the vast ocean of ,talmudthat strange1 wild1 weird ocean1 with its leviathans1 and its wrecks of golden argosies1 and with its forlorn bells that send up their dreamy sounds ever and anon1 while the fisherman bends upon his oar1 and starts and listens1 and perchance the tears may come into his eyes4 ,,emanuel ,,deutsch1 #ahfh4 ,,jewish ,,literature ,,rabbinism was a sequel to the ,bible1 and if1 like all sequels1 it was unequal to its original1 it nevertheless shared its greatness4 ,the works of all ,jews up to the modern period were the sequel to this sequel4 ,through them all may be detected the unifying principle that literature in its truest sense includes life itself2 that intellect is the handmaid to conscience2 and that the best books are those which best teach men how to live4 ,this underlying unity gave more harmony to ,jewish literature than is possessed by many literatures more distinctively national4 ,the maxim #8,righteousness delivers from death' applies to books as well as to men4 ,a literature whose consistent theme is ,righteousness1 is immortal4 ,i4 ,,abrahams1 #ahii4 ,,the ,,work ,,of ,,the ,,rabbis#bb ,,judaism and the ,bible are by no means identical2 the ,bible is only one constituent part of ,judaism1 though the most fundamental one4 ,who taught the average ,jew to understand his ,judaism1 to love his religion and his ,god8 ,without the zeal of the ,rabbis1 the ,bible would never have become the guide of every ,jew4 ,they translated it into the vernacular for the people1 and expounded it to the masses4 ,they taught them not to despair under the tortures of the present1 but to look forward to the future4 ,at the same time they developed the spirit of the ,bible and never lost sight of the lofty teachings of the ,prophets4 ,it is the immortal merit of the unknown ,rabbis of the centuries immediately before and after the common era that they found and applied the proper #8fences' for the preservation of ,judaism1 and that they succeeded in rescuing real morality and pure monotheism for the ages that were to follow4 ,a4 ,b,,chler1 #aijh4 ,,israel',s ,,history ,,never-,,ending ,,israel',s #8,heroic ,history'1 as ,manasseh ben ,israel called it1 is in truth never-ending4 ,line upon line is still being added1 and finis will never be written on the page of ,jewish history till the ,light which shineth more and more unto the ,perfect ,day shall fall upon it1 and illumine the whole beautiful world4 ,each ,jew and each ,jewess is making his or her mark1 or his or her stain1 upon the wonderful unfinished history of the ,jews1 the history which ,herder called the greatest poem of all time4 #8,ye are my witnesses'1 saith the ,lord4 ,loyal and steadfast witnesses is it1 or self-seeking and suborned ones8 ,a witness of some sort every ,jew born is bound to be4 ,he must fulfil his mission1 and through good report and through evil report1 and though it be only writ in water1 he must add his item of evidence to the record that all who run may read4 ,,lady ,,magnus1 #ahhf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the story of this little sectthe most remarkable survival of the fittest known to humanityin no way corresponds with its numbers2 it is not a tale of majorities4 ,it is a story that begins very near the beginning of history1 and shows little sign of drawing to a conclusion4 ,it is a story that has chapters in every country on earth1 that has borne the impress of every period4 ,all men and all ages pass through it in unending procession4 ,,israel ,,zangwill1 #ahie4 ,,the ,,meaning ,,of ,,jewish ,,history ,,man is made man by history4 ,it is history that causes the men of historic nations to be more civilized than the savage4 ,the ,jew recognizes that he is made what he is by the history of his fathers1 and feels he is losing his better self so far as he loses his hold on his past history4 ,,joseph ,,jacobs1 #ahhi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,israel is the heart of mankind4 ,,yehudah ,,halevi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the high-road of ,jewish history leads to wide outlooks4 ,that which is great and lasting in ,jewish history is the spiritual wealth accumulated through the ages2 the description of the fierce battles fought between the powers of darkness and light1 of freedom and persecution1 of knowledge and ignorance4 ,our great men are the heroes of the school and the sages of the synagogue1 not the knights of the sanguinary battlefield4 ,no widow was left to mourn through our victory1 no mother for her lost son1 no orphan for the lost father4 ,m4 ,,gaster1 #aijf4 ,,the ,,hallowing ,,of ,,jewish ,,history ,,the first part of ,jewish history1 the ,biblical part1 is a source from which1 for many centuries1 millions of human beings belonging to the most diverse denominations have derived instruction1 solace1 and inspiration4 ,its heroes have long ago become types1 incarnations1 of great ideas4 ,the events it relates serve as living ethical formulas4 ,but a time will comeperhaps it is not very far offwhen the second half of ,jewish history1 the record of the two thousand years of the ,jewish people's life after the ,biblical period1 will be accorded the same treatment4 ,the thousand years' martyrdom of the ,jewish people1 its unbroken pilgrimage1 its tragic fate1 its teachers of religion1 its martyrs1 philosophers1 championsthis whole epic will in days to come sink deep into the memory of men4 ,it will speak to the heart and conscience of men1 not merely to their curious mind4 ,it will secure respect for the silvery hair of the ,jewish people1 a people of thinkers and sufferers4 ,it is our firm conviction that the time is approaching in which the second half of ,jewish history will be to the noblest part of thinking humanity what its first half has long been to believing humanity1 a source of sublime moral truths4 ,s4 ,m4 ,,dubnow1 #ahic4 ,,israel',s ,,martyrdom ,,if there are ranks in suffering1 ,israel takes precedence of all the nations2 if the duration of sorrows and the patience with which they are borne ennoble1 the ,jews can challenge the aristocracy of every land2 if a literature is called rich in the possession of a few classic tragedieswhat shall we say to a ,national ,tragedy lasting for fifteen hundred years1 in which the poets and the actors were also the heroes8 ,,leopold ,,zunz1 #ahee4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,combine all the woes that temporal and ecclesiastical tyrannies have ever inflicted on men or nations1 and you will not have reached the full measure of suffering which this martyr people was called upon to endure century upon century4 ,it was as if all the powers of earth had conspiredand they did so conspireto exterminate the ,jewish people1 or at least to transform it into a brutalized horde4 ,history dare not pass over in silence these scenes of wellnigh unutterable misery4 ,it is her duty to give a true and vivid account of them2 to evoke due admiration for the superhuman endurance of this suffering people1 and to testify that ,israel1 like his ancestor in the days of old1 has striven with gods and with men1 and has prevailed4 ,h4 ,,graetz4 ,,under ,,the ,,roman ,,emperors ,,there had now a tumult arisen in ,alexandria between the ,jewish inhabitants and the ,greeks1 and three ambassadors were chosen out of each party that were at variance who came to ,caius 7,caligula74 ,now1 one of the ,greek ambassadors was ,apion1 who uttered many blasphemies against the ,jews2 and among other things he said that while all who were subject to the ,roman ,empire built altars and temples to ,caesar1 and in other regards universally received him as they received the gods1 these ,jews alone thought it a dishonourable thing for them to erect statues in honour of him1 as well as to swear by his name4 ,hereupon ,caligula1 taking it very heinously that he should be thus despised by the ,jews alone1 gave orders to make an invasion of ,judea with a great body of troops1 and1 if they were obstinate1 to conquer them by war1 and then to erect the statues4 ,accordingly ,petronius1 the ,governor of ,syria1 got together as great a number of auxiliaries as he possibly could1 and took with him two legions of the ,roman army4 ,but there came many ten thousands of the ,jews to ,petronius1 to offer their petitions to him1 that he would not compel them to transgress and violate the law of their forefathers4 #8,if'1 said they1 #8thou art entirely resolved to bring this statue1 and erect it1 do thou first kill us1 and then do what thou hast resolved on2 for1 while we are alive1 we cannot permit such things as are forbidden us to be done by the authority of our ,legislator4' ,petronius then hasted to ,tiberias2 and many thousands of the ,jews met ,petronius again1 when he was come to ,tiberias4 ,then ,petronius said to them3 #8,will you then make war with ,caesar without considering his great preparations for war and your own weakness8' ,they replied3 #8,we will not by any means make war with him1 but still we will die before we see our laws transgressed'4 ,so they threw themselves down upon their faces1 and stretched out their throats1 and said they were ready to be slain4 ,thus they continued in their resolution1 and proposed to themselves to die willingly rather than to see the dedication of the statue#bc4 ,,flavius ,,josephus1 #ast cent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,in the world-wide ,roman ,empire it was the ,jews alone who refused the erection of statues and the paying of divine honours to ,caligula1 and thereby saved the honour of the human race when all the other peoples slavishly obeyed the decree of the ,imperial madman4 ,j4 ,,fuerst1 #ahij4 ,,in ,,mediaeval ,,rome ,,in the whole history of heroism there is nothing finer than the example of the ,jews of the ,roman ,ghetto1 a handful of men who for #a1ejj years and longer remained true to their own idealsunmoved and undazzled by the triumphant world-power of the dominant faith2 and undaunted ,by the torture prolonged from age to age1 ,by the infamy1 ,israel's heritage1 ,by the ,ghetto's plague1 by the garb's disgrace1 ,by the badge of shame1 by the felon's place1 ,by the branding tool1 by the bloody whip1 ,and the summons to ,christian fellowship4 ,helpless victims of all the horrors enumerated in these burning lines of ,robert ,browning1 these ,jews were yet free men4 ,not a trace of what a modern ,jewish thinker,achad ,ha'amhas called #8spiritual slavery' was theirs4 ,in all fundamental matters they were totally indifferent to the opinion of those who might torture the body but could never crush the soul4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aiae4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the history of the daughter religions of ,judaism is one uninterrupted series of attempts to commit matricide4 ,m4 ,,steinschneider1 #ahic4 ,,the ,,first ,,crusade 7#ajif7bd ,,yea1 they slay us and they smite1 ,vex our souls with sore affright2 ,all the closer cleave we1 ,lord1 ,to ,thine everlasting word4 ,not a word of all their ,mass ,shall our lips in homage pass2 ,though they curse1 and bind1 and kill1 ,the living ,god is with us still4 ,we still are ,thine1 though limbs are torn2 ,better death than life forsworn4 ,noblest matrons seek for death1 ,rob their children of their breath2 ,fathers1 in their fiery zeal1 ,slay their sons with murderous steel1 ,and in heat of holiest strife1 ,for love of ,thee1 spare not their life4 ,the fair and young lie down to die ,in witness of ,thy ,unity2 ,from dying lips the accents swell1 #8,thy ,god is ,one1 ,o ,israel'2 ,and bridegroom answers unto bride1 #8,the ,lord is ,god1 and none beside'1 ,and1 knit with bonds of holiest faith1 ,they pass to endless life through death4 ,,kalonymos ,,ben ,,yehudah4 7,trans4 ,e4 ,h4 ,plumptre47 ,,the ,,second ,,crusade ,,in the year #aadf ,israel's communities were terror-stricken4 ,the monk ,rudolph who shamefully persecuted ,israel1 arose against the people of ,god1 in order1 like ,haman of old1 to destroy1 to slay1 and to cause to perish4 ,he travelled throughout ,germany to bestow the cross of the crusaders upon all who consented to set out for ,jerusalem to fight against the ,moslems4 ,in every place where he came he aroused the people1 crying1 #8,avenge ye first the vengeance of our ,god on ,his enemies who are here before us1 and then we will go forward'4 ,when the ,jews heard this1 their courage failed them by reason of the rage of their oppressor who sought their destruction4 ,they cried to ,god1 saying3 #8,alas1 ,o ,lord ,god6 ,behold fifty years1 like the period of a jubilee1 have not yet elapsed since we shed our blood like water to sanctify ,thy holy1 great1 and revered ,name1 on the day of the great slaughter4 ,wilt ,thou indeed forsake us for ever and extend ,thy wrath against us unto all generations8 ,shall misery follow misery8' ,the ,lord heard our supplications1 and turned unto us1 and had pity upon us1 according to ,his abundant loving-kindness4 ,he sent one of their greatest and respected teachers1 the abbot ,bernard1 from the town ,clairvaux in ,france1 after this evil monk4 ,and he also preached to his people according to their custom1 crying #8,it is good that you are ready to go forth against the ,moslems2 but whosoever uses violence against the ,jews commits a deadly sin'4 ,all honoured this monk as one of their saints1 neither has it ever been said that he received a bribe for his good service to us4 ,many desisted from any further murderous attacks against us4 ,we gladly gave our possessions as a ransom for our lives4 ,whatever was asked of us1 silver or gold1 we withheld not4 ,if our ,creator in ,his great compassion had not sent us this abbot1 there would have been none in ,israel that would have escaped or remained alive4 ,blessed be ,he who saves and delivers4 ,praised be ,his ,name4 ,,ephraim ,,of ,,bonn1 #aahj4 ,,jewish ,,suffering ,,break forth in lamentation1 ,my agonizing song1 ,that like a lava-torrent ,has boiled within me long4 ,my song shall thrill each hearer1 ,and none so deaf but hears1 ,for the burden of my ditty ,is the pain of a thousand years4 ,it melts both gentle and simple1 ,even hearts of stone are riven ,sets women and flowers weeping2 ,they weep1 the stars of heaven4 ,and all these tears are flowing ,by channels still and wide1 ,homeward they are all flowing ,to meet in ,jordan's tide4 ,h4 ,,heine1 #ahbd4 ,,the ,,jews ,,of ,,york 7#aaij7 ,,when ,richard ,i ascended the throne1 the ,jews1 to conciliate the ,royal protection1 brought their tributes4 ,many had hastened from remote parts of ,england1 and1 appearing at ,westminster1 the ,court and the mob imagined that they had leagued to bewitch ,his ,majesty4 ,a rumour spread rapidly through the city that in honour of the festival the ,jews were to be massacred4 ,the populace1 at once eager of ,royalty and riot1 pillaged and burnt their houses and murdered the devoted ,jews4 ,the people of ,york soon gathered to imitate the people of ,london4 ,the alarmed ,jews hastened to ,jocenus1 the most opulent of the ,jews1 who conducted them to the ,governor of ,york ,castle1 and prevailed on him to afford them an asylum for their persons and effects4 ,the castle had sufficient strength for their defence2 but a suspicion arising that the ,governor1 who often went out1 intended to betray them1 they one day refused him entrance4 ,he complained to the sheriff of the county2 and the chiefs of the violent party1 who stood deeply indebted to the ,jews1 uniting with him1 orders were issued to attack the castle4 ,the cruel multitude1 united with the soldiery1 felt such a desire of slaughtering those they intended to despoil1 that the sheriff1 repenting of the order1 revoked it2 but in vain3 fanaticism and robbery once set loose will satiate their appetency for blood and plunder4 ,the attacks continued1 till at length the ,jews perceived they could hold out no longer1 and a council was called to consider what remained to be done in the extremity of danger4 ,when the ,jewish council was assembled1 the ,haham#be rose1 and addressed them in this manner3 #8,men of ,israel6 the ,god of our ancestors is omniscient1 and there is no one who can say1 ,why doest ,thou this8 ,this day ,he commands us to die for ,his ,law2 for that ,law which we have cherished from the first hour it was given1 which we have preserved pure throughout our captivity in all nations2 and for which1 because of the many consolations it has given us and the eternal hope it communicates1 can we do less than die8 ,death is before our eyes2 and we have only to choose an honourable and easy one4 ,if we fall into the hands of our enemies1 which you know we cannot escape1 our death will be ignominious and cruel4 ,it is therefore my advice that we elude their tortures2 that we ourselves should be our own executioners2 and that we voluntarily surrender our lives to our ,creator4 ,god seems to call for us1 but let us not be unworthy of that call4' ,having said this1 the old man sat down and wept4 ,the assembly was divided in its opinions4 ,again the ,rabbin rose1 and spoke these few words in a firm and decisive tone4 #8,my children6 since we are not unanimous in our opinions1 let those who do not approve of my advice depart from this assembly6' ,some departed1 but the greater number attached themselves to their venerable priest4 ,they now employed themselves in consuming their valuables by fire2 and every man1 fearful of trusting to the timid and irresolute hand of the women1 first destroyed his wife and children1 and then himself4 ,jocenus and the ,rabbin alone remained4 ,their life was protracted to the last1 that they might see everything performed according to their orders4 ,jocenus1 being the chief ,jew1 was distinguished by the last mark of human respect in receiving his death from the consecrated hand of the aged ,rabbin1 who immediately after performed the melancholy duty on himself4 ,all this was transacted in the depth of the night4 ,in the morning the walls of the castle were seen wrapt in flames1 and only a few miserable and pusillanimous beings1 unworthy of the sword1 were viewed on the battlements pointing to their extinct brethren4 ,when they opened the gates of the castle1 these men verified the prediction of their late ,rabbin2 for the multitude1 bursting through the solitary courts1 found themselves defrauded of their hopes1 and in a moment avenged themselves on the feeble wretches who knew not to die with honour4 ,,isaac ,d',,israeli1 #agic4 ,,the ,,expulsion ,,from ,,spain1 #adib ,,look1 they move6 ,no comrades near but curses2 ,tears gleam in beards of men sore with reverses2 ,flowers from fields abandoned1 loving nurses1 ,fondly deck the women's raven hair4 ,faded1 scentless flowers that shall remind them ,of their precious homes and graves behind them2 ,old men1 clasping ,torah-scrolls1 unbind them1 ,lift the parchment flags and silent lead4 ,mock not with thy light1 ,o sun1 our morrow2 ,cease not1 cease not1 ,o ye songs of sorrow2 ,from what land a refuge can we borrow1 ,weary1 thrust out1 ,god-forsaken we8 ,could ye1 suff'ring souls1 peer through the ,future1 ,from despair ye would awake to rapture2 ,lo6 ,the ,genoese boldly steers to capture ,freedom's realm beyond an unsailed sea6#bf ,l4 ,a4 ,,frankl4 7,trans4 by ,m4 ,d4 ,louis47 ,,the ,,exodus 7,,august #c1 #adib7 ,,the ,spanish noon is a blaze of azure fire1 and the dusty pilgrims crawl like an endless serpent along treeless plains and bleached high-roads1 through rock-split ravines and castellated1 cathedral-shadowed towns4 #b4 ,the hoary patriarch1 wrinkled as an almond shell1 bows painfully upon his staff4 ,the beautiful young mother1 ivory-pale1 wellnigh swoons beneath her burden2 in her large enfolding arms nestles her sleeping babe1 round her knees flock her little ones with bruised and bleeding feet4 #8,mother1 shall we soon be there8' #c4 ,the halt1 the blind1 are amid the train4 ,sturdy pack-horses laboriously drag the tented wagons wherein lie the sick athirst with fever4 #d4 ,the panting mules are urged forward by spur and goad2 stuffed are the heavy saddle-bags with the wreckage of ruined homes4 #e4 ,hark to the tinkling silver bells that adorn the tenderly carried silken scrolls4 #f4 ,noble and abject1 learned and simple1 illustrious and obscure1 plod side by side1 all brothers now1 all merged in one routed army of misfortune4 #g4 ,woe to the straggler who falls by the wayside6 ,no friend shall close his eyes4 #h4 ,they leave behind the grape1 the olive1 and the fig2 the vines they planted1 the corn they sowed1 the garden-cities of ,andalusia and ,aragon1 ,estremadura and ,la ,mancha1 of ,granada and ,castile2 the altar1 the hearth1 and the grave of their fathers4 #i4 ,the townsman spits at their garments1 the shepherd quits his flock1 the peasant his plough1 to pelt with curses and stones2 the villager sets on their trail his yelping cur4 #aj4 ,oh1 the weary march6 oh1 the uptorn roots of home6 oh1 the blankness of the receding goal6 #aa4 ,listen to their lamentations4 ,they that ate dainty food are desolate in the streets2 they were reared in scarlet embrace dunghills4 ,they flee away and wander about4 ,men say among the nations1 ,they shall no more sojourn there2 our end is near1 our days are full1 our doom is come4 7,lam4 #d4 #e1 #ae1 #ah47 #ab4 ,whither shall they turn8 for the ,west hath cast them out1 and the ,east refuseth to receive4 ,,emma ,,lazarus1 #ahhc4 ,a ,,song ,,of ,,redemption ,,surely a limit boundeth every woe1 ,but mine enduring anguish hath no end2 ,my grievous years are spent in ceaseless flow1 ,my wound hath no amend4 ,o'erwhelmed1 my helm doth fail1 no hand is strong ,to steer the bark to port1 her longed-for aim4 ,how long1 ,o ,lord1 wilt ,thou my doom prolong8 ,when shall be heard the ,dove's#bg sweet voice of song8 ,o leave us not to perish for our wrong1 ,who bear ,thy ,name6 ,wherefore wilt ,thou forget us1 ,lord1 for aye8 ,mercy we crave6 ,o ,lord1 we hope in ,thee alway1 ,our ,king will save6 ,wounded and crushed beneath my load ,i sigh1 ,despised and abject1 outcast1 trampled low2 ,how long1 ,o ,lord1 shall ,i of violence cry1 ,my heart dissolve with woe8 ,how many years without a gleam of light ,has thraldom been our lot1 our portion pain8 ,with ,ishmael#bh as a lion in his might1 ,and ,persia as an owl of darksome night1 ,beset on either side1 behold our plight ,betwixt the twain4 ,wherefore wilt ,thou forget us1 ,lord1 for aye8 ,mercy we crave6 ,o ,lord1 we hope in ,thee alway1 ,our ,king will save6 ,,solomon ,,ibn ,,gabirol1 #ajej4 7,trans4 ,nina ,salaman47 ,,shylock ,,shylock is #8the ,jew that ,shakespeare drew'4 ,he is not the ,jew of real life1 even in the ,middle ,ages1 stained as their story is with the hot tearsnay1 the very heart's bloodof the martyred race4 ,the mediaeval ,jew did not take vengeance on his cruel foes4 ,nay1 more than this3 with a sublime magnanimity he could actually preach and practise widest benevolence towards his oppressors4 ,throughout the ,middle ,ages1 when ,jews were daily plundered and tortured1 and done to death #8for the glory of ,god'1 not a word was breathed against the morality of the victims4 ,they suffered because they were heretics1 because they would not juggle with their conscience and profess a belief that did not live in their souls4 ,but ,jewish ethics soared to still nobler heights4 ,the ,jew preserved his integrity in spite of his suffering2 but more than this1 he forgaveay1 even blessedits authors4 ,the ,jews hunted out of ,spain in #adib were in turn cruelly expelled from ,portugal4 ,some took refuge on the ,african coast4 ,eighty years later the descendants of the men who had committed or allowed these enormities were defeated in ,africa1 whither they had been led by their king1 ,dom ,sebastian4 ,those who were not slain were offered as slaves at ,fez to the descendants of the ,jewish exiles from ,portugal4 #8,the humbled ,portuguese nobles'1 the historian narrates1 #8were comforted when their purchasers proved to be ,jews1 for they knew that they had humane hearts4' ,,morris ,,joseph1 #ahia4 ,,on ,,the ,,eve ,,of ,,the ,,re-,,settlement ,,in ,,england ,,the ,lord1 blessed for ever1 by ,his prophet ,jeremiah 7chap4 #bi4 #g7 gives it in command to the captive ,israelites that were dispersed among the heathens1 that they should continually pray for and endeavour the peace1 welfare1 and prosperity of the city wherein they dwelt and the inhabitants thereof4 ,this the ,jews have always done1 and continue to this day in all their synagogues1 with a particular blessing of the prince or magistrate under whose protection they live4 ,and this the ,right ,honourable my ,lord ,st4 ,john can testify1 who1 when he was ambassador to the ,lords the ,states of the ,united ,provinces1 was pleased to honour our synagogue at ,amsterdam with his presence1 where our nation entertained him with music and all expressions of joy and gladness1 and also pronounced a blessing1 not only upon ,his ,honour then present1 but upon the whole ,commonwealth of ,england1 for that they were a people in league and amity1 and because we conceived some hopes that they would manifest towards us what we ever bare towards them1 viz4 all love and affection4 ,,manasseh ,,ben ,,israel1 #afef4 ,,jewish ,,emancipation ,,the whole question of emancipation1 as it concerns only our external condition1 is in ,judaism but of secondary interest4 ,sooner or later the nations will decide the question between right and wrong1 between humanity and inhumanity2 and the first awakening of a higher calling than the mere lust for possession and enjoyment1 the first expression of a nobler recognition of ,god as the only ,lord and ,father1 and of the earth as a ,holy ,land assigned by ,him to all men for the fulfilment of their human callingwill find its expression everywhere in the emancipation of all who are oppressed1 including the ,jews4 ,we have a higher object to attain1 and this is entirely in our own handsthe ennobling of ourselves1 the realization of ,judaism by ,jews4 ,,samson ,,raphael ,,hirsch1 #ahcf4 7,trans4 ,b4 ,drachmann47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,if the political privileges we have gained could in any way weaken our ,jewish sympathies1 they would have been purchased at a terrible cost1 and would signally defeat the intentions of those who aided and laboured for the movement4 ,,baron ,,lionel ,,de ,,rothschild1 #ahfi4 ,,the ,,jewish ,,question ,,to approach the ,jewish question is to be confronted with every great question of the daysocial1 political1 financial1 humanitarian1 national1 and religious4 ,each phase should be treated by an expert2 but however discussed or dealt with1 there is one point of view which should never be lost sight of1 namely1 the point of view of humanity4 ,first and foremost we must be human if we would raise our voice on so human a theme4 ,,josephine ,,lazarus1 #ahib4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,every country has the ,jews it deserves4 ,k4 ,e4 ,,franzos1 #ahge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to base the appeal for justice to present-day ,jewry upon the cultural services of ancient ,israel would be treason to the inalienable rights of man4 ,a people may for a time be robbed of these rights1 butwhatever the alleged political reason for such a crimeit cannot be legally or equitably deprived of them4 ,m4 ,,steinschneider1 #ahic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,in a free ,state1 it is not the ,christian that rules the ,jew1 neither is it the ,jew that rules the ,christian2 it is ,justice that rules4 ,,leopold ,,zunz1 #ahei4 ,,the ,,jews ,,of ,,england#bi 7#abijaijb7 ,,an ,edward's ,england spat us outa band ,foredoomed to redden ,vistula or ,rhine1 ,and leaf-like toss with every wind malign4 ,all mocked the faith they could not understand4 ,six centuries have passed4 ,the yellow brand ,on shoulder nor on soul has left a sign1 ,and on our brows must ,edward's ,england twine ,her civic laurels with an equal hand4 ,thick-clustered stars of fierce supremacy ,upon the martial breast of ,england glance6 ,she seems of ,war the very ,deity4 ,could aught remain her glory to enhance8 ,yea1 for ,i count her noblest victory ,her triumph o'er her own intolerance4 ,,israel ,,zangwill1 #aijb4 ,,welcome ,,of ,,the ,,hebrew ,,congregation1 ,,newport1#cj ,,rhode ,,island1 ,u4,s4,a41 ,,to ,,george ,,washington ,,sir1 ,permit the ,children of the ,stock of ,abraham to approach you with the most cordial affection and esteem for your person and merits1 and to join with your fellow citizens in welcoming you to ,newport4 ,deprived as we heretofore have been of the invaluable rights of free citizens1 we now 7with a deep sense of gratitude to the ,almighty ,disposer of all events7 behold a ,government erected by the ,majesty of the peoplea ,government which to bigotry gives no sanction1 to persecution no assistance1 but generously affording to all1 liberty of conscience1 and immunities of citizenship1 deeming every one1 of whatever ,nation1 tongue1 or language1 equal parts of the great ,government ,machine4 ,this so ample and extensive ,federal ,union1 whose basis is ,philanthropy1 ,mutual ,confidence1 and ,public ,virtue1 we cannot but acknowledge to be the work of the great ,god1 ,who ruleth in the ,armies of ,heaven1 and among the inhabitants of the earth1 doing whatever seemeth ,him good4 ,for all the blessings of civil and religious liberty which we enjoy under an equal and benign administration1 we desire to send up our thanks to the ,ancient of ,days1 the great ,preserver of men1 beseeching ,him that the ,angel who conducted our forefathers through the ,wilderness into the ,promised ,land may graciously conduct you through all the difficulties and dangers of this mortal life4 ,and when1 like ,joshua1 full of days and full of honour1 you are gathered to your ,fathers1 may you be admitted into the ,heavenly ,paradise to partake of the water of life and the tree of immortality4 ,done and signed by order of the ,hebrew ,congregation in ,newport1 ,rhode ,island1 ,august #agth1 #agij4 ,,moses ,,seixas4 ,,british ,,citizenship ,,british patriotism is not the mediaeval demand that the citizens of any one country all think alike1 that they be of the same blood1 or that they even speak the same language4 ,britain's mild sovereignty respects the personality of the ethnic groups found within the borders of its world-wide dominion2 nay1 it fosters the linguistic heritage1 the national individuality even1 of ,irishman and ,welshman1 of ,french ,canadian and ,afrikander ,boer1 and encourages them all to develop along their own lines4 ,any one1 therefore1 who deems that patriotism exacts from him the purposeless sacrifice of his religious tradition and historic memorythat man is an alien in spirit to the ,anglo-,saxon genius1 and is unworthy of his ,british citizenship4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aiae4 ,,the ,,russian ,,jew#ca ,,scientists tell us that coal is nothing but concentrated sunlight4 ,primeval forests that for years out of number had been drinking in the rays of the sun1 having been buried beneath the ground and excluded from the reviving touch of light and air1 were gradually turned into coalblack1 rugged1 shapeless1 yet retaining all its pristine energy1 which1 when released1 provides us with light and heat4 ,the story of the ,russian ,jew is the story of the coal4 ,under a surface marred by oppression and persecution he has accumulated immense stores of energy1 in which we may find an unlimited supply of light and heat for our minds and our hearts4 ,all we need is to discover the process1 long known in the case of coal1 of transforming latent strength into living power4 ,i4 ,,friedlander1 #aiae4 ,,yiddish#cb ,i ,,have never been able to understand how it is that a language spoken by perhaps more than half of the ,jewish race should be regarded with such horror1 as though it were a crime4 ,six million speakers are sufficient to give historic dignity to any language6 ,one great writer alone is enough to make it holy and immortal4 ,take ,norwegian4 ,it is the language of only two million people4 ,but it has become immortal through the great literary achievements of ,ibsen4 ,and even though ,yiddish cannot boast of so great a writer as ,ibsen1 it has reason to be proud of numerous smaller menpoets1 romancers1 satirists1 dramatists4 ,the main point is that ,yiddish incorporates the essence of a life which is distinctive and unlike any other4 ,there is nothing of holiness in any of the outer expressions of life4 ,the one and only thing holy is the human soul1 which is the source and fount of all human effort4 ,,israel ,,zangwill1 #aijf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,there is probably no other language in existence on which so much opprobrium has been heaped as on ,yiddish4 ,such a bias can be explained only as a manifestation of a general prejudice against everything ,jewish4 ,,leo ,,wiener1 #ahii4 ,,russo-,,jewish ,,education ,,among the ,jews of ,poland and ,russia there was no learned estate1 not because there were no scholars1 but because the people itself was a nation of students4 ,the ideal type for the ,russian ,jew was the ,lamdan1 the scholar4 ,the highest ambition of the ,russian ,jew was that his sons1 and if he had only daughters1 that his sons-in-law should be ,lomdim2 and the greatest achievement of a man's life was his ability to provide sufficiently for them1 so that1 relieved from economic cares1 they might devote themselves unrestrictedly to ,jewish learning4 ,to be sure1 this learning was one-sided4 ,yet it was both wide and deep1 for it embraced the almost boundless domain of religious ,hebrew literature1 and involved the knowledge of one of the most complicated systems of law4 ,the knowledge of the ,hebrew prayers and the ,five ,books of ,moses would not have been sufficient to save the ,russian ,jew from the most terrible opprobriumthat of being an ,am-,haaretz1 an ignoramus4 ,the ability to understand a ,talmudic text1 which demands years of preparation1 was the minimum requirement for one who wanted to be of any consequence in the community4 ,i4 ,,friedlander1 #aiac4 ,,passover ,,in ,,old ,,russia#cc ,,the ,passover season1 when we celebrated our deliverance from the land of ,egypt1 and felt so glad and thankful as if it had only just happened1 was the time our ,gentile neighbours chose to remind us that ,russia was another ,egypt4 ,it was not so bad within the ,pale2 but in ,russian cities1 and even more in the country districts1 where ,jewish families lived scattered by special permission of the police1 who were always changing their minds about letting them stay1 the ,gentiles made the ,passover a time of horror for the ,jews4 ,somebody would start up that lie about murdering ,christian children1 and the stupid peasants would get mad about it1 and fill themselves with vodka1 and set out to kill the ,jews4 ,they attacked them with knives and clubs1 and scythes and axes1 killed them or tortured them1 and burned their houses4 ,this was called a #8pogrom'4 ,jews who escaped the pogroms came with wounds on them1 and horrible1 horrible stories of little babies torn limb from limb before their mother's eyes4 ,only to hear these things made one sob and sob and choke with pain4 ,people who saw such things never smiled any more1 no matter how long they lived2 and sometimes their hair turned white in a day1 and some people became insane on the spot4 ,,mary ,,antin1 #aiaa4 ,,the ,,pogrom ,,october1 #aije ,,it had already lasted two days4 ,but as nobody dined1 nobody exchanged greetings1 and nobody thought of winding up the clock for the night 7for people slept dressed1 anywhere1 on lofts1 in sheds1 or in empty railway carriages71 all notion of time had disappeared4 ,people only heard the incessant jingling of broken glass-panes4 ,at this terrible sound1 the arms stiffened and the eyes became distended with fright4 ,some distant houses were burning4 ,along the red-tinted street with the red pavement1 there ran by a red man1 whilst another red man stretched his arm1 and from the tips of his fingers there broke forth quickly a sharp1 snapping1 cracking soundand the running man dropped down4 ,a strange1 sharp cry1 #8,they are shoo-ooting6' passed along the street4 ,invisible and inexorable demons made their appearance4 ,houses and nurseries were broken in4 ,old men had their arms fractured2 women's white bosoms were trampled upon by heavy1 dirty heels4 ,many were perishing by torture2 others were burnt alive4 ,two persons were hiding in a dark cellar2 an old man with his son1 a schoolboy4 ,the old man went up and opened the outer door again1 to make the place look deserted by the owners4 ,a merchant had run in4 ,he wept1 not from fear but from feeling himself in security4 #8,i have a son like you'1 he said1 tearfully4 ,he then breathed heavily and nervously1 and added reflectively1 #8,like you1 my boy1 yes6' ,the master of the house caught the merchant by his elbow1 pulled him close to himself1 and whispered into his ear3 #8,hush6 ,they might hear us6' ,there they stood1 expectant4 ,now and then1 a rustling2 an even1 sleepless breathing could be heard4 ,the brain cannot familiarize itself with these sounds in the darkness and silence4 ,perhaps they were asleep1 none could tell4 ,at nightit must have been late at nightanother two stole in quietly4 #8,is it you8' asked one of them1 without seeing anybody1 and the sudden sound of his voice seemed to light up the darkness for a moment4 #8,yes'1 answered the schoolboy4 #8,it's all right6' #8,hush6 ,they might hear you'1 said the owner of the cellar1 catching each of them by the arm and pulling them down4 ,the new-comers placed themselves by the wall1 while one of them was rubbing his forehead with his hand4 #8,what is the matter8' asked the schoolboy in a whisper4 #8,it is blood4' ,then they grew silent4 ,the injured man applied a handkerchief to his wound1 and became quiet4 ,there followed again a thick silence1 untroubled by time4 ,again a sleepless breathing6 ,on the top1 underneath the ceiling1 a very faint whiteness appeared4 ,the schoolboy was asleep1 but the other four raised their heads and looked up4 ,they looked long1 for about half an hour1 so that their muscles were aching through the protracted craning of their necks4 ,at last it became clear that it was a tiny little window through which dawn peeped in4 ,then hasty1 frightened steps were heard1 and there appeared a tall1 coatless man1 followed by a woman with a baby in her arms4 ,the dawn was advancing1 and one could read the expression of wild fear that stamped itself upon their faces4 #8,this way6 ,this way6' whispered the man4 #8,they are running after us1 they are looking out for us'1 said the woman4 ,her shoes were put on her bare feet1 and her young body displayed strange1 white1 malignant spots1 reminding one of a corpse4 #8,they won't find us2 but1 for ,god's sake1 be quiet6' #8,they are close by in the courtyard4 ,oh6 be quiet1 be quiet4444' ,the wounded man got hold of the merchant and the owner by the hand1 while the merchant seized the man who had no coat4 ,there they stood1 forming a live chain1 looking on at the mother with her baby4 ,all of a sudden there broke out a strange though familiar sound1 so close and doomful4 ,what doom it foreboded they felt at once1 but their brains were loath to believe it4 ,the sound was repeated4 ,it was the cry of the infant4 ,the merchant made a kindly face and said3 #8,baby is crying4444' #8,lull him1 my dear'1 said he1 rushing to the mother4 #8,you will cause the death of us all4' ,everybody's chest and throat gasped with faintness4 ,the mother marched up and down the cellar lulling and coaxing4 #8,you must not cry2 sleep1 my golden one 444 ,it is ,i1 your mother 444 my heart4444' ,but the child cried on obstinately1 wildly4 ,there must have been something in the mother's face that was not calculated to produce a tranquilizing effect4 ,and now1 in this warm and strange underground atmosphere1 the woman's brain wrenched out a wild1 mad1 idea4 ,it seemed to her that she had read it in the eyes1 in the suffering silence of these unknown people4 ,and these unhappy1 frightened men understood that she was thinking of them4 ,they understood it by the unutterably mournful tenderness with which she chanted1 while drinking in the infant's eyes with her own4 #8,he will soon fall asleep4 ,i know4 ,it is always like that2 he cries for a moment1 then he falls asleep at once4 ,he is a very quiet boy4' ,she addressed the tall man with a painful1 insinuating smile4 ,from outside there broke in a distant noise4 ,then came a thud1 and a crack1 shaking the air4 #8,they are searching'1 whispered the schoolboy4 ,but the infant went on crying hopelessly4 #8,he will undo us all'1 blurted out the tall man4 #8,i shall not give him away 444 no1 never6' ejaculated the distracted mother4 #8,o ,god'1 whispered the merchant1 and covered his face with his hands4 ,his hair was unkempt after a sleepless night4 ,the tall man stared at the infant with fixed1 protruding eyes4444 #8,i don't know you'1 the woman uttered1 low and crossly1 on catching that fixed look4 #8,who are you8 ,what do you want of me8' ,she rushed to the other men1 but everybody drew back from her with fear4 ,the infant was crying on1 piercing the brain with its shouting4 #8,give it to me'1 said the merchant1 his right eyebrow trembling4 #8,children like me4' ,all of a sudden it grew dark in the cellar2 somebody had approached the little window and was listening4 ,at this shadow1 breaking in so suddenly1 they all grew quiet4 ,they felt that it was coming1 it was near1 and that not another second must be lost4 ,the mother turned round4 ,she stood up on her toes1 and with high1 uplifted arms she handed over her child to the merchant4 ,it seemed to her that by this gesture she was committing a terrible crime 444 that hissing voices were cursing her1 rejecting her from heaven for ever and ever4444 ,strange to say1 finding itself in the thick1 clumsy1 but loving hands of the merchant1 the child grew silent4 ,but the mother interpreted this silence differently4 ,in sight of everybody the woman grew grey in a single moment1 as if they had poured some acid over her hair4 ,and as soon as the child's cry died away1 there resounded another cry1 more awful1 more shattering and heart-rending4 ,the mother rose up on her toes2 and grey1 terrible1 like the goddess of justice herself1 she howled in a desperate1 inhuman voice that brought destruction with it4444 ,nobody had expected that sudden madness4 ,the schoolboy fell in a swoon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,afterwards1 the newspapers reported details of the killing of six men and an infant by the mob2 for none had dared to touch the mad old woman of twenty-six4 ,,ossip ,,dymov1 #aijf4 ,,under ,,the ,,romanoffs ,,the plaything of a heartless bureaucracy1 the natural prey of all the savage elements of society1 loaded with fetters in one place1 and in another driven out like some wild beast1 the ,russian ,jew finds that for him1 at least1 life is composed of little else than bitterness1 suffering1 and degradation4 ,for magnitude and gloom the tragical situation has no parallel in history4 ,some six millions of human beings are unceasingly subjected to a ,state-directed torture which is both destructive and demoralizing1 and constitutes at once a crime against humanity and an international perplexity4 ,,lucien ,,wolf1 #aiab4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,each crime that wakes in man the beast1 ,is visited upon his kind4 ,the lust of mobs1 the greed of priest1 ,the tyranny of kings1 combined ,to root his seed from earth again1 ,his record is one cry of pain4 9999999999 ,coward8 ,not he1 who faces death1 ,who singly against worlds has fought1 ,for what8 ,a name he may not breathe1 ,for liberty of prayer and thought4 ,,emma ,,lazarus1 #ahhb4 #8,,soldiers ,,of ,,nicholas'#cd ,,there was one thing the ,gentiles might do to me worse than burning or rending4 ,it was what was done to unprotected ,jewish children who fell into the hands of priests or nuns4 ,they might baptize me4 ,that would be worse than death by torture4 ,every ,jewish child had that feeling4 ,there were stories by the dozen of ,jewish boys who were kidnapped by the ,czar's agents and brought up in ,gentile families till they were old enough to enter the army1 where they served until forty years of age2 and all those years the priests tried1 by bribes and daily tortures1 to force them to accept baptism1 but in vain4 ,this was the time of ,nicholas ,i4 ,some of these #8soldiers of ,nicholas'1 as they were called1 were taken as little boys of seven or eightsnatched from their mothers' laps4 ,they were carried to distant villages1 where their friends could never trace them1 and turned over to some dirty1 brutal peasant1 who used them like slaves1 and kept them with the pigs4 ,no two were ever left together2 and they were given false names1 so that they were entirely cut off from their own world4 ,and then the lonely child was turned over to the priests1 and he was flogged and starved and terrifieda little helpless boy who cried for his mother2 but still he refused to be baptized4 ,the priests promised him good things to eat1 fine clothes1 and freedom from labour2 but the boy turned away1 and said his prayers secretlythe ,hebrew prayers4 ,as he grew older1 severer tortures were invented for him2 still he refused baptism4 ,by this time he had forgotten his mother's face1 and of his prayers perhaps only the #8,shema' remained in his memory2 but he was a ,jew1 and nothing would make him change4 ,after he entered the army1 he was bribed with promises of promotions and honours4 ,he remained a private1 and endured the cruellest discipline4 ,when he was discharged1 at the age of forty1 he was a broken man1 without a home1 without a clue to his origin1 and he spent the rest of his life wandering among ,jewish settlements1 searching for his family1 hiding the scars of torture under his rags1 begging his way from door to door4 ,there were men in our town whose faces made you old in a minute4 ,they had served ,nicholas ,i1 and come back1 unbaptized4 ,,mary ,,antin1 #aiaa4 ,,bontzye ,,shweig#ce 7,,bontzye ,,the ,,silent7 ,,down here1 in this world1 ,silent ,bontzye's death made no impression at all4 ,ask any one you like who ,bontzye was1 how he lived1 and what he died of2 whether of heart failure1 or whether his strength gave out1 or whether his back broke under a heavy load1 and they won't know4 ,perhaps1 after all1 he died of hunger4 ,bontzye lived quietly and died quietly4 ,he passed through our world like a shadow4 ,he lived like a little dun-coloured grain of sand on the sea-shore1 among millions of his kind2 and when the wind lifted him and blew him over to the other side of the sea1 nobody noticed it4 ,when he was alive1 the mud in the street preserved no impression of his feet2 after his death the wind overturned the little board on his grave4 ,the grave-digger's wife found it a long way off from the spot1 and boiled a potful of potatoes over it4 ,three days after that1 the grave-digger had forgotten where he had laid him4 ,a shadow6 ,his likeness remained photographed in nobody's brain1 in nobody's heart2 not a trace of him remained4 #8,no kith1 no kin6' ,he lived and died alone4 ,had the world been less busy1 some one might have remarked that ,bontzye 7also a human being7 went about with two extinguished eyes and fearfully hollow cheeks2 that even when he had no load on his shoulders his head drooped earthward as though1 while yet alive1 he were looking for his grave4 ,when they carried ,bontzye into the hospital1 his corner in the underground lodging was soon filledthere were ten of his like waiting for it1 and they put it up for auction among themselves4 ,when they carried him from the hospital bed to the dead-house1 there were twenty poor sick persons waiting for the bed4 ,when he had been taken out of the dead-house1 they brought in twenty bodies from under a building that had fallen in4 ,who knows how long he will rest in his grave8 ,who knows how many are waiting for the little plot of ground8 ,a quiet birth1 a quiet life1 a quiet death1 and a quieter burial4 99 99 99 99 99 ,but it was not so in the ,other ,world4 ,there ,bontzye's death made a great impression4 ,the blast of the great ,messianic ,shofar sounded through all the seven heavens2 ,bontzye ,shweig has left the earth6 ,the largest angels with the broadest wings flew about and told one another2 ,bontzye ,shweig is to take his seat in the ,heavenly ,academy6 ,in ,paradise there was a noise and a joyful tumult3 ,bontzye ,shweig6 ,just fancy6 ,bontzye ,shweig6 ,little child-angels with sparkling eyes1 gold thread-work wings1 and silver slippers1 ran delightedly to meet him4 ,the rustle of the wings1 the clatter of the little slippers1 and the merry laughter of the fresh1 rosy mouths1 filled all the heavens and reached to the ,throne of ,glory4 ,abraham our father stood in the gate1 his right hand stretched out with a hearty greeting1 and a sweet smile lit up his old face4 ,what are they wheeling through heaven8 ,two angels are pushing a golden arm-chair into ,paradise for ,bontzye ,shweig4 ,what flashed so brightly8 ,they were carrying past a gold crown set with precious stones all for ,bontzye ,shweig4 #8,before the decision of the ,heavenly ,court has been given8' ask the saints1 not quite without jealousy4 #8,oh'1 reply the angels1 #8that will be a mere formality4 ,even the prosecutor won't say a word against ,bontzye ,shweig4 ,the case will not last five minutes4' ,just consider6 ,bontzye ,shweig6 ,all this time1 ,bontzye1 just as in the other world1 was too frightened to speak4 ,he is sure it is all a dream1 or else simply a mistake4 ,he dared not raise his eyes1 lest the dream should vanish1 lest he should wake up in some cave full of snakes and lizards4 ,he was afraid to speak1 afraid to move1 lest he should be recognized and flung into the pit4 ,he trembles and does not hear the angels' compliments1 does not see how they dance round him1 makes no answer to the greeting of ,abraham our father1 and when he is led into the presence of the ,heavenly ,court he does not even wish it #8,good morning6' ,he is beside himself with terror4 #8,who knows what rich man1 what rabbi1 what saint1 they take me for8 ,he will comeand that will be the end of me6' ,his terror is such1 he never even hears the president call out3 #8,the case of ,bontzye ,shweig6' adding1 as he hands the deeds to the advocate1 #8,read1 but make haste6' ,the whole hall goes round and round in ,bontzye's eyes2 there is a rushing in his ears4 ,and through the rushing he hears more and more clearly the voice of the advocate1 speaking sweetly as a violin4 #8,his name'1 he hears1 #8fitted him like the dress made for a slender figure by the hand of an artist-tailor4' #8,what is he talking about8' wondered ,bontzye1 and he heard an impatient voice break in with3 #8,no similes1 please6' #8,he never'1 continued the advocate1 #8was heard to complain of either ,god or man2 there was never a flash of hatred in his eye2 he never lifted it with a claim on heaven4' ,still ,bontzye does not understand1 and once again the hard voice interrupts3 #8,no rhetoric1 please6' #8,job gave waythis one was more unfortunate4' #8,facts1 dry facts4' #8,he kept silent'1 the advocate went on1 #8even when his mother died and he was given a stepmother at thirteen years olda serpent1 a vixen4' #8,can they mean me after all8' thought ,bontzye4 #8,no insinuations against a third party'1 said the president1 angrily4 #8,she grudged him every mouthfulstale1 mouldy bread1 tendons instead of meatand she drank coffee with cream4' #8,keep to the subject'1 ordered the president4 #8,she grudged him everything but her finger-nails1 and his black and blue body showed through the holes in his torn and fusty clothes4 ,winter time1 in the hardest frost1 he had to chop wood for her1 barefoot in the yard2 and his hands were too young and too weak1 the logs too thick1 the hatchet too blunt4 ,but he kept silent1 even to his father4' #8,to that drunkard8' laughs the accuser1 and ,bontzye feels cold in every limb4 #8,and always alone'1 he continued2 #8no playmates1 no school1 nor teaching of any kindnever a whole garmentnever a free moment4' #8,facts1 please6' reminded the president4 #8,he kept silent even later1 when his father seized him by the hair in a fit of drunkenness and flung him out into the street on a snowy winter's night4 ,he quietly picked himself up out of the snow and ran whither his feet carried him4 ,he kept silent all the way to the great townhowever hungry he might be1 he only begged with his eyes4 ,bathed in a cold sweat1 crushed under heavy loads1 his empty stomach convulsed with hungerhe kept silent4 ,bespattered with mud1 spat at1 driven with his load off the pavement and into the road among the cabs1 carts1 and tramways1 looking death in the eyes every moment4 ,he never calculated the difference between other people's lot and his ownhe kept silent4 ,and he never insisted loudly on his pay2 he stood in the doorway like a beggar1 with a dog-like pleading in his eyes#8,come again later6' and he went like a shadow to come again later1 and beg for his wage more humbly than before4 ,he kept silent even when they cheated him of part1 or threw in a false coin4 #8,he took everything in silence4' #8,they mean me after all'1 thought ,bontzye4 99 99 99 99 99 #8,once'1 continued the advocate1 after a sip of water1 #8a change came into his life3 there came flying along a carriage on rubber tires1 drawn by two runaway horses4 ,the driver already lay some distance off on the pavement with a cracked skull1 the terrified horses foamed at the mouth1 sparks shot from their hoofs1 their eyes shone like fiery lamps on a winter's nightand in the carriage1 more dead than alive1 sat a man4 #8,and ,bontzye stopped the horses4 ,and the man he had saved was a charitable ,jew who was not ungrateful4 ,he put the dead man's whip into ,bontzye's hands1 and ,bontzye became a coachman4 ,more than that1 he was provided with a wife4 ,and ,bontzye kept silent6' #8,me1 they mean me6' ,bontzye assured himself again1 and yet had not the courage to give a glance at the ,heavenly ,court4 ,he listens to the advocate further3 #8,he kept silent also when his protector became bankrupt and did not pay him his wages4 ,he kept silent when his wife ran away from him4' #8,me1 they mean me6' ,now he is sure of it4 99 99 99 99 99 #8,he kept silent even'1 began the angelic advocate once more in a still softer and sadder voice1 #8when the same philanthropist paid all his creditors their due but himand even when 7riding once again in a carriage with rubber tires and fiery horses7 he knocked ,bontzye down and drove over him4 ,he kept silent even in the hospital1 where one may cry out4 ,he kept silent when the doctor would not come to his bedside without being paid fifteen kopeks1 and when the attendant demanded another fivefor changing his linen4 #8,he kept silent in the death strugglesilent in death4 #8,not a word against ,god2 not a word against men6 #8,dixi6' ,once more ,bontzye trembled all over4 ,he knew that after the advocate comes the prosecutor4 ,who knows what he will say8 ,bontzye himself remembered nothing of his life4 ,even in the other world he forgot every moment what had happened in the one before4 ,the advocate had recalled everything to his mind4 ,who knows what the prosecutor will not remind him of8 #8,gentlemen'1 begins the prosecutor1 in a voice biting and acid as vinegarbut he breaks off4 #8,gentlemen'1 he begins again1 but his voice is milder1 and a second time he breaks off4 ,then from out the same throat comes in a voice that is almost gentle3 #8,gentlemen6 ,he was silent6 ,i will be silent too6' ,there is a hushand there sounds in front a new1 soft1 trembling voice3 #8,bontzye1 my child6' ,it speaks like a harp4 #8,my dear child1 ,bontzye6' ,and ,bontzye's heart melts within him4 ,now he would lift up his eyes1 but they are blinded with tears2 he never felt such sweet emotion before4 #8,my child6 ,bontzye6'no one1 since his mother died1 had spoken to him with such words in such a voice4 #8,my child'1 continues the presiding judge1 #8you have suffered and kept silent2 there is no whole limb1 no whole bone in your body without a scar1 without a wound1 not a fibre of your soul that has not bledand you kept silent4 ,there they did not understand4 ,perhaps you yourself did not know that you might have cried out1 and that at your cry the walls of ,jericho would have shaken and fallen4 ,you yourself knew nothing of your hidden power4 #8,in the other world your silence was not understood1 but that is the ,world of ,delusion2 in the ,world of ,truth you will receive your reward4 ,the ,heavenly ,court will not judge you2 the ,heavenly ,court will not pass sentence on you2 they will not apportion you a reward4 ,take what you will6 ,everything is yours4' ,bontzye looks up for the first time4 ,he is dazzled2 everything shines and flashes and streams with light4 #8,takireally8' he asks1 shyly4 #8,yes1 really6' answers the presiding judge1 with decision2 #8really1 ,i tell you1 everything is yours2 everything in heaven belongs to you4 ,because all that shines and sparkles is only the reflection of your hidden goodness1 a reflection of your soul4 ,you only take of what is yours4' #8,taki8' asks ,bontzye again1 this time in a firmer voice4 #8,taki6 taki6 taki6' they answer from all sides4 #8,well1 if it is so'1 ,bontzye smiles1 #8,i would like to have every day1 for breakfast1 a hot roll with fresh butter4' ,the ,court and the angels looked down1 a little ashamed2 the prosecutor laughed4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,peretz1 #ahid4 7,trans4 ,helena ,frank47 ,,the ,,watch ,,on ,,the ,,jordan#cf 7,,zionist ,,hymn7 ,,like the crash of the thunder ,which splitteth asunder ,the flame of the cloud1 ,on our ears ever falling ,a voice is heard calling ,from ,zion aloud4 #8,let your spirits' desires ,for the land of your sires ,eternally burn2 ,from the foe to deliver ,our own holy river1 ,to ,jordan return4' ,where the soft-flowing stream ,murmurs low as in dream ,there set we our watch6 ,our watchword1 #8,the sword ,of our land and our ,lord'2 ,by ,jordan then set we our watch4 ,rest in peace1 lovd land1 ,for we rest not1 but stand1 ,off-shaken our sloth4 ,when the bolts of war rattle1 ,to shirk not the battle ,we make thee our oath4 ,as we hope for a heaven1 ,thy chains shall be riven1 ,thine ensign unfurled4 ,and in pride of our race ,we will fearlessly face ,the might of the world4 ,when our trumpet is blown1 ,and our standard is flown1 ,then set we our watch6 ,our watchword1 #8,the sword ,of our land and our ,lord'2 ,by ,jordan then set we our watch4 ,yea1 as long as there be ,birds in air1 fish in sea1 ,and blood in our veins2 ,and the lions in might1 ,leaping down from the height1 ,shaking1 roaring1 their manes2 ,and the dew nightly laves1 ,the forgotten old graves ,where ,judah's sires sleep2 ,we swear1 who are living1 ,to rest not in striving1 ,to pause not to weep4 ,let the trumpet be blown1 ,let the standard be flown1 ,now set we our watch2 ,our watchword1 #8,the sword ,of our land and our ,lord'2 ,in ,jordan now set we our watch4 ,n4 ,h4 ,,imber4 7,trans4 ,i4 ,zangwill47 ,,the ,,tragedy ,,of ,,assimilation ,,what ,i understand by assimilation is loss of identity4 ,it is this kind of assimilation1 with the terrible consequences indicated1 that ,i dread mosteven more than pogroms4 ,it is a tragedy to see a great1 ancient people1 distinguished for its loyalty to its religion1 and its devotion to its sacred ,law1 losing thousands every day by the mere process of attrition4 ,it is a tragedy to see a language held sacred by all the world1 in which ,holy ,writ was composed1 which served as the depository of ,israel's greatest and best thoughts1 doomed to oblivion4 ,it is a tragedy to see the descendants of those who revealed religion to the world1 and who developed the greatest religious literature in existence1 so little familiar with real ,jewish thought that they have no other interpretation to offer of ,israel's ,scriptures1 ,israel's religion1 and ,israel's ideals and aspirations and hopes1 than those suggested by their natural opponents1 slavishly following their opinions1 copying their phrases1 and repeating their catchwords4 ,i am not accusing anybody4 ,i am only stating facts4 ,we are helpless spectators of the ,jewish soul wasting away before our very eyes4 ,now1 the rebirth of ,israel's national consciousness and the revival of ,judaism are inseparable4 ,when ,israel found itself1 it found its ,god4 ,when ,israel lost itself1 or began to work at its self-effacement1 it was sure to deny its ,god4 ,the selection of ,israel1 the indestructibility of ,god's covenant with ,israel1 the immortality of ,israel as a nation1 and the final restoration of ,israel to ,palestine1 where the nation will live a holy life1 on holy ground1 with all the wide-reaching consequences of the conversion of humanity1 and the establishment of the ,kingdom of ,god on earthall these are the common ideals and the common ideas that permeate the whole of ,jewish literature extending over nearly four thousand years4 ,s4 ,,schechter1 #aijf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,there has been one short period in modern ,jewish history when ,israel grew utterly weary of toil and trouble1 and began to take pleasure in the fleeting hour1 as other nations do4 ,but this was a mere passing phase1 a temporary loss of consciousness4 ,the prophetic spirit cannot be crushed1 except for a time4 ,it comes to life again1 and masters the ,prophet in his own despite4 ,so1 too1 the prophetic ,people regained consciousness in its own despite4 ,the ,spirit that called ,moses thousands of years ago and sent him on his mission1 against his own will1 now calls again the generation of to-day1 saying1 #8,and that which cometh into your mind shall not be at all2 in that ye say1 ,we will be as the nations 444 ,as ,i live1 saith the ,lord ,god1 surely with a mighty hand 444 will ,i be king over you4' ,,achad ,,ha',,am1 #aijd4 7,trans4 ,leon ,simon47 ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,dry ,,bones ,,the hand of the ,lord was upon me1 and the ,lord carried me out in a spirit1 and set me down in the midst of the valley1 and it was full of bones2 and ,he caused me to pass by them round about1 and1 behold1 there were very many in the open valley2 and1 lo1 they were very dry4 ,and ,he said unto me3 #8,son of man1 can these bones live8' ,and ,i answered3 #8,o ,lord ,god1 ,thou knowest'4 ,then he said unto me3 #8,prophesy over these bones1 and say unto them3 ,o ye dry bones1 hear the word of the ,lord3 ,thus saith the ,lord ,god unto these bones3 ,behold1 ,i will cause breath to enter into you1 and ye shall live4 ,and ,i will lay sinews upon you1 and will bring up flesh upon you1 and cover you with skin1 and put breath in you1 and ye shall live2 and ye shall know that ,i am the ,lord4' ,so ,i prophesied as ,i was commanded2 and as ,i prophesied1 there was a noise1 and behold a commotion1 and the bones came together1 bone to its bone4 ,and ,i beheld1 and1 lo1 there were sinews upon them1 and flesh came up1 and skin covered them above2 but there was no breath in them4 ,then said ,he unto me3 #8,prophesy unto the breath1 prophesy1 son of man1 and say to the breath3 ,thus saith the ,lord ,god3 ,come from the four winds1 ,o breath1 and breathe upon these slain1 that they may live4' ,so ,i prophesied as ,he commanded me1 and the breath came into them1 and they lived1 and stood up upon their feet1 an exceeding great host4 ,then ,he said unto me3 #8,son of man1 these bones are the whole house of ,israel2 behold1 they say3 ,our bones are dried up1 and our hope is lost3 we are clean cut off4 ,therefore prophesy1 and say unto them3 ,thus saith the ,lord ,god3 ,behold1 ,i will open your graves1 and cause you to come up out of your graves1 ,o ,my people2 and ,i will bring you into the ,land of ,israel4 ,and ye shall know that ,i am the ,lord1 when ,i have opened your graves1 and caused you to come up out of your graves1 ,o ,my people4 ,and ,i will put ,my spirit in you1 and ye shall live1 and ,i will place you in your own land2 and ye shall know that ,i the ,lord have spoken1 and performed it1 saith the ,lord4' ,,ezekiel #cg4 #aad4 ,,palestine ,,the very name ,palestine stirs within us the most elevated sentiments4 ,there is no country1 no matter how important in itself1 to which such sublime memories attach themselves4 ,from our earliest youth1 our imagination1 nourished on the sacred traditions of the ,hebrew ,scriptures1 loves to transport itself to those heights where of old pious souls heard in each echo the voice of ,god1 where each stone is a symbol of divine revelation1 each ruin a monument of divine anger4 ,the followers of three religions turn with veneration towards these ruins of #b1jjj years4 ,all find consolation in that land1 some by its memories1 others by its hopes4 ,even sceptics are ready to render historic justice to the great events of which it was the theatre3 thus the description of this land and its story have a palpitating interest for all4 ,s4 ,,munk1 #ahfc4 ,,the ,,last ,,corpses ,,in ,,the ,,desert ,,up1 wanderers in the wild1 and come away6 ,long is the journey yet and long the fray4 ,enough of roving now in desert places ,there lies a great1 wide road before your faces4 ,but forty years of wandering have sped1 ,and yet we leave six hundred thousand dead4 ,dishonoured let them lie1 across the pack ,they bore from out of ,egypt on their back4 ,sweet be their dreams of garlic and of leek1 ,of flesh-pots wide1 of fatty steam and reek4 ,around the last dead slave1 maybe to-night1 ,the desert wind with desert beast shall fight1 ,and joyously to-morrow's dawning shine ,upon the firstlings of a mighty line1 ,and lest the sands with all their sleepers start1 ,let each man's footfall sound but in his heart4 ,let each man in his heart hear ,god's voice say3 #8,a new land's border shalt thou cross to-day6 #8,no more the quails from heav'n1 no more light bread ,the bread of toil1 fruit of the hands1 instead4 #8,no more wild tents pitched under heaven's dome ,another kind shall ye set up for home4 #8,beneath ,his sky1 the wilderness outside1 ,god has another world that reaches wide1 #8,beyond the howling desert with its sand1 ,there waits beneath ,his stars the ,promised ,land4' ,,ch4 ,n4 ,,byalik1 #ahif4 7,trans4 ,helena ,frank47 ,,zionism ,,one thing is to me certain1 high above any doubt3 the movement will continue4 ,i know not when ,i shall die1 but ,zionism will never die4 ,,theodor ,,herzl1 #ahih4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,zionism is the lineal heir of the attachment to ,zion which led the ,babylonian exiles under ,zerubbabel to rebuild the ,temple1 and which flamed up in the heroic struggle of the ,maccabees against ,antiochus ,epiphanes4 ,the idea that it is a set-back of ,jewish history is a controversial fiction4 ,the great bulk of the ,jewish people have throughout their history remained faithful to the dream of a restoration of their national life in ,judea4 ,the ,zionist movement is to-day the greatest popular movement that ,jewish history has ever known4 ,,lucien ,,wolf1 #aiaj1 in ,encyclopaedia ,britannica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,all over the world ,jews are resolved that our common ,judaism shall not be crushed out by short-sighted fanatics for local patriotism2 and1 in so far as ,zionism strengthens this sense of the solidarity of our common ,judaism1 we are all ,zionists4 ,i4 ,,abrahams1 #aije4 ,,the ,,british ,,declaration ,,on ,,palestine#cg ,,november #b1 #aiag;,,april #bd1 #aibj ,,england1 great ,england1 whose gaze sweeps over all the seasfree ,englandwill understand and sympathize with the aims and aspirations of ,zionism4 ,,theodor ,,herzl1 #aijj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for the first time since the days of ,cyrus1 a great ,government has hailed the ,jews as one among the family of nations4 ,this is much more than a ,jewish triumph4 ,it is a triumph for civilization and for humanity4 ,it will mean releasing for mankind1 as a great spiritual force1 the soul of our people4 ,,jewish ,,chronicle1 ,,november #i1 #aiag4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,land focuses a people1 and calls forth1 as nothing else can1 its spiritual potentialities4 ,the resurrection of the ,jewish nation on its own soil will reopen its sacred fountains of creative energy4 ,remember the days of old4 ,after the proclamation issued by ,cyrus1 the mass of the ,jewish people still remained in ,babylon4 ,all told only #db1jjj men1 women1 and children took advantage of the king's proclamation and followed ,ezra back to ,zion1 the land of their fathers4 ,but compare the contribution to civilization made by these men with that of their brethren who remained in the ,dispersion4 ,the handful of #8,zionists' and their descendants1 because living on their own soil1 changed the entire future of mankind4 ,they edited and collected the ,prophets1 wrote some of the fairest portions of the ,scriptures1 formed the canon of the ,bible1 and gave the world its monotheistic religions4 ,as in the days of ,cyrus1 the overwhelming majority of ,jews of to-day will continue to live where they now are1 praying and working in absolute loyalty for the land of their birth or adoption1 and ever beholding their peace in its welfare4 ,only a remnant shall return4 ,but it is the national rejuvenation of that remnant that will open a new chapter in the annals of the human spirit4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aiag4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for millions of poor and hundreds of thousands of prosperous ,jews ,mr4 ,balfour's announcement had the serene sound of a long-expected ,messianic message4 ,the day that witnessed ,great ,britain's decision to stake the whole of the ,empire's power in the ,jewish cause is one which can never be blotted out from the world's history4 ,,maximilian ,,harden1 #aiag4 ,,judaism ,,and ,,the ,,new ,,judea ,i ,,the return to ,zion must be preceded by our return to ,judaism4 ,,theodor ,,herzl1 #ahig4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,israel is a nation by reason only of his religion1 by his possession of the ,torah4 ,,saadyah ,,gaon1 #icc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,israel1 to the ,rabbis at least1 is not a nation by virtue of race or of certain peculiar political combinations4 ,the brutal ,torah-less nationalism promulgated in certain quarters would have been to them just as hateful as the suicidal ,torah-less universalism preached in other quarters4 ,and if we could imagine for a moment ,israel giving up its allegiance to ,god1 its ,torah1 and its divine institution1 the ,rabbis would be the first to sign its death warrant as a nation4 ,s4 ,,schechter1 #aiji4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,we will return to ,zion as we went forth1 bringing back the faith we carried away with us4 ,,mordecai ,m4 ,,noah1 #ahbd4 ,,ii ,,israel',s contribution to the common treasure of humanity will ever be primarily religious4 ,wide sympathy1 ready help1 and absolute self-determination must therefore be accorded in the ,new ,judea to ,jewish religious learning1 ,jewish religious institutions1 and ,jewish religious life4 ,they alone contain the secret of ,israel's immortality4 ,the story of ,israel's ancient kinsmen,moab1 ,ammon1 ,edomthough these remained on their own soil1 loses itself in the sands of the desert1 while the story of ,israel issues in eternity4 ,why8 ,israel alone had the ,torah1 and it is that which endowed him with deathlessness4 ,and ,israel will remain deathlessas long as ,israel continues to cling to the ,torah4 ,without the ,torah1 ,israel's story will also lose itself in the sands of the desert1 even on its own soil4 ,the ,new ,judea must be the spiritual descendant of old ,judea1 and the mission of ,judea1 new or old1 is first of all to be ,judea4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aiah4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,like to think of ,jewish ,history as standing ever at the centre point of its pathhaving as much to look forward to as to look back upon2 and the events of to-day1 with their special message to ,israel1 must surely fortify us in this view1 and speed us to make good our efforts for our people and for the nations4 ,a4 ,,eichholz1 #aiag4 ,,iii ,,the ,,testimony ,,of ,,the ,,nations ,,england1 awake6 awake6 awake6 ,jerusalem thy sister calls4 ,why wilt thou sleep the sleep of death ,and close her from thy ancient walls8 ,thy hills and valleys felt her feet ,gently upon their bosoms move2 ,thy gates beheld sweet ,zion's ways3 ,then was a time of joy and love4 ,,william ,,blake4 ,,world',s ,,debt ,,to ,,israel ,,we ,gentiles owe our life to ,israel4 ,it is ,israel who has brought us the message that ,god is one1 and that ,god is a just and righteous ,god1 and demands righteousness of his children1 and demands nothing else4 ,it is ,israel that has brought us the message that ,god is our ,father4 ,it is ,israel who1 in bringing us the divine law1 has laid the foundation of liberty4 ,it is ,israel who had the first free institutions the world ever saw4 ,it is ,israel who has brought us our ,bible1 our prophets1 our apostles4 ,when sometimes our own unchristian prejudices flame out against the ,jewish people1 let us remember that all that we have and all that we are we owe1 under ,god1 to what ,judaism has given us4 ,,lyman ,,abbott4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,at a time when the deepest night of inhumanity covered the rest of mankind1 the religion of ,israel breathed forth a spirit of love and brotherhood which must fill even the stranger1 if he be only willing to see1 with reverence and admiration4 ,israel has given the world true humanitarianism1 just as it has given the world the true ,god4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,cornill1 #ahie4 ,,israel ,,and ,,his ,,revelation ,,the religion of the ,bible is well said to be revealed1 because the great natural truth1 that #8righteousness tendeth to life'1 is seized and exhibited there with such incomparable force and efficacy4 ,all1 or very nearly all1 the nations of mankind have recognized the importance of conduct1 and have attributed to it a natural obligation4 ,they1 however1 looked at conduct1 not as something full of happiness and joy1 but as something one could not manage to do without4 ,but #8,zion heard of it and rejoiced1 and the daughters of ,judah were glad1 because of thy judgements1 ,o ,eternal6' ,happiness is our being's end and aim1 and no one has ever come near ,israel in feeling1 and in making others feel1 that to righteousness belongs happiness6 ,as long as the world lasts1 all who want to make progress in righteousness will come to ,israel for inspiration1 as to the people who have had the sense for righteousness most glowing and strongest4 ,this does truly constitute for ,israel a most extra-ordinary distinction4 #8,god hath given commandment to bless1 and ,he hath blessed1 and we cannot reverse it2 ,he hath not seen iniquity in ,jacob1 and ,he hath not seen perverseness in ,israel2 the ,eternal1 his ,god1 is with him4' ,,matthew ,,arnold1 #ahge4 ,,israel1 ,,greece1 ,,and ,,rome#ch ,,for a philosophic mind there are not more than three histories of real interest in the past of humanity3 ,greek history1 the history of ,israel1 and ,roman history4 ,greece has an exceptional past4 ,our science1 our arts1 our literature1 our philosophy1 our political code1 our maritime law1 are of ,greek origin4 ,the framework of human culture created by ,greece is susceptible of indefinite enlargement4 ,greece had only one thing wanting in the circle of her moral and intellectual activity1 but this was an important void2 she despised the humble and did not feel the need of a just ,god4 ,her philosophers1 while dreaming of the immortality of the soul1 were tolerant towards the iniquities of this world4 ,her religions were merely elegant municipal playthings4 444 ,israel's sages burned with anger over the abuses of the world4 ,the prophets were fanatics in the cause of social justice1 and loudly proclaimed that if the world was not just1 or capable of becoming so1 it had better be destroyeda view which1 if utterly wrong1 led to deeds of heroism and brought about a grand awakening of the forces of humanity4 ,one other great humanizing force had to be createda force powerful enough to beat down the obstacles which local patriotism offered to the idealistic propaganda of ,greece and ,judea4 ,rome fulfilled this extraordinary function4 ,force is not a pleasant thing to contemplate1 and the recollections of ,rome will never have the powerful attraction of the affairs of ,greece and of ,israel2 but ,roman history is none the less part and parcel of these histories1 which are the pivot of all the rest1 and which we may call providential4 ,,ernest ,,renan1 #ahhg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,none of the resplendent names in history,egypt1 ,athens1 ,romecan compare in eternal grandeur with ,jerusalem4 ,for ,israel has given to mankind the category of holiness4 ,israel alone has known the thirst for social justice1 and that inner saintliness which is the source of justice4 ,,charles ,,wagner1 #aiah4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,among the theocratic nations of the ancient ,east1 the ,hebrews seem to us as sober men in a world of intoxicated beings4 ,antiquity1 however1 held them to be the dreamers among waking folk4 ,h4 ,,lotze1 #ahfd4 ,,what ,,is ,a ,,jew8 ,,what is a ,jew8 ,this question is not at all so odd as it seems4 ,let us see what kind of peculiar creature the ,jew is1 which all the rulers and all nations have together and separately abused and molested1 oppressed and persecuted1 trampled and butchered1 burned and hangedand in spite of all this is yet alive6 ,what is a ,jew1 who has never allowed himself to be led astray by all the earthly possessions which his oppressors and persecutors constantly offered him in order that he should change his faith and forsake his own ,jewish religion8 ,the ,jew is that sacred being who has brought down from heaven the everlasting fire1 and has illumined with it the entire world4 ,he is the religious source1 spring1 and fountain out of which all the rest of the peoples have drawn their beliefs and their religions4 ,the ,jew is the pioneer of liberty4 ,even in those olden days1 when the people were divided into but two distinct classes1 slaves and masterseven so long ago had the law of ,moses prohibited the practice of keeping a person in bondage for more than six years4 ,the ,jew is the pioneer of civilization4 ,ignorance was condemned in olden ,palestine more even than it is to-day in civilized ,europe4 ,moreover1 in those wild and barbarous days1 when neither life nor the death of any one counted for anything at all1 ,rabbi ,akiba#ci did not refrain from expressing himself openly against capital punishment1 a practice which is recognized to-day as a highly civilized way of punishment4 ,the ,jew is the emblem of civil and religious toleration4 #8,love the stranger and the sojourner'1 ,moses commands1 #8because you have been strangers in the land of ,egypt4' ,and this was said in those remote and savage times when the principal ambition of the races and nations consisted in crushing and enslaving one another4 ,as concerns religious toleration1 the ,jewish faith is not only far from the missionary spirit of converting people of other denominations1 but on the contrary the ,talmud commands the ,rabbis to inform and explain to every one who willingly comes to accept the ,jewish religion1 all the difficulties involved in its acceptance1 and to point out to the would-be proselyte that the righteous of all nations have a share in immortality4 ,of such a lofty and ideal religious toleration not even the moralists of our present day can boast4 ,the ,jew is the emblem of eternity4 ,he whom neither slaughter nor torture of thousands of years could destroy1 he whom neither fire nor sword nor inquisition was able to wipe off from the face of the earth1 he who was the first to produce the oracles of ,god1 he who has been for so long the guardian of prophecy1 and who transmitted it to the rest of the worldsuch a nation cannot be destroyed4 ,the ,jew is everlasting as is eternity itself4 ,,leo ,,tolstoy4 ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,the ,,ages#dj ,,the ,bible is the book of the ancient world1 the book of the ,middle ,ages1 and the book of modern times4 ,where does ,homer stand compared with the ,bible8 ,where the ,vedas or the ,koran8 ,the ,bible is inexhaustible4 ,a4 ,,harnack4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,within this awful volume lies ,the mystery of mysteries3 ,happiest he of human race ,to whom ,god has given grace ,to read1 to fear1 to hope1 to pray1 ,to lift the latch1 and learn the way2 ,and better had he ne'er been born ,who reads to doubt1 or reads to scorn4 ,,sir ,,walter ,,scott4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,how many ages and generations have brooded and wept and agonized over this book6 ,what untellable joys and ecstasies1 what support to martyrs at the stake1 from it6 ,to what myriads has it been the shore and rock of safetythe refuge from driving tempest and wreck6 ,translated into all languages1 how it has united this diverse world6 ,of its thousands there is not a verse1 not a word1 but is thick-studded with human emotion4 ,,walt ,,whitman4 ,,the ,,bible1 ,,the ,,epic ,,of ,,the ,,world#da ,,apart from all questions of religious and historical import1 the ,bible is the epic of the world4 ,it unrolls a vast panorama in which the ages move before us in a long train of solemn imagery from the creation of the world onward4 ,against this gorgeous background we see mankind strutting1 playing their little part on the stage of history4 ,we see them taken from the dust and returning to the dust4 ,we see the rise and fall of empires1 we see great cities1 now the hive of busy industry1 now silent and desolatea den of wild beasts4 ,all life's fever is there1 its hopes and joys1 its suffering and sin and sorrow4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,frazer1 #ahie4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,written in the ,east1 these characters live for ever in the ,west2 written in one province1 they pervade the world2 penned in rude times1 they are prized more and more as civilization advances2 product of antiquity1 they come home to the business and bosoms of men1 women1 and children in modern days4 ,r4 ,l4 ,,stevenson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,bible thoroughly known is a literature in itselfthe rarest and the richest in all departments of thought or imagination which exists4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,froude1 #ahhf4 ,,the ,,bible ,,in ,,education#db ,,consider the great historical fact that for three centuries this ,book has been woven into the life of all that is best and noblest in ,english history2 that it has become the national epic of ,britain1 and is familiar to noble and simple1 from ,john o' ,groat's to ,land's ,end2 that it is written in the noblest and purest ,english1 and abounds in exquisite beauties of a merely literary form2 and1 finally1 that it forbids the veriest hind who never left his village to be ignorant of the existence of other countries and other civilizations1 and of a great past1 stretching back to the furthest limits of the oldest nations of the world4 ,by the study of what other book could children be so much humanized1 and made to feel that each figure in that vast historical procession fills1 like themselves1 but a momentary space in the interval between the ,eternities2 and earns the blessings or the curses of all time1 according to its effort to do good and hate evil8 ,t4 ,h4 ,,huxley1 #ahgj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the greater the intellectual progress of the ages1 the more fully will it be possible to employ the ,bible not only as the foundation1 but as the instrument1 of education4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,goethe4 ,,the ,,bible ,,and ,,democracy ,,this ,bible is for the government of the people1 by the people1 and for the people4 ,,john ,,wyclif1 in ,preface to first ,english ,translation of the ,bible1 #achd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,throughout the history of the ,western world the ,scriptures have been the great instigators of revolt against the worst forms of clerical and political despotism4 ,the ,bible has been the ,magna ,charta of the poor and of the oppressed2 down to modern times no ,state has had a constitution in which the interests of the people are so largely taken into account1 in which the duties so much more than the privileges of rulers are insisted upon1 as that drawn up for ,israel in ,deuteronomy and in ,leviticus2 nowhere is the fundamental truth that the welfare of the ,state1 in the long run1 depends on the uprightness of the citizen so strongly laid down4444 ,the ,bible is the most democratic book in the world4 ,t4 ,h4 ,,huxley1 #ahib4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,where there is no reverence for the ,bible1 there can be no true refinement of manners4 ,f4 ,,nietzsche4 ,,the ,,hebrew ,,language ,a ,,quiver full of steel arrows1 a cable with strong coils1 a trumpet of brass crashing through the air with two or three sharp notessuch is the ,hebrew language4 ,the letters of its books are not to be many1 but they are to be letters of fire4 ,a language of this sort is not destined to say much1 but what it does is beaten out upon an anvil4 ,it is to pour floods of anger and utter cries of rage against the abuses of the world1 calling the four winds of heaven to the assault of the citadels of evil4 ,like the jubilee horn of the sanctuary it will be put to no profane use2 but it will sound the notes of the holy war against injustice and the call of the great assemblies2 it will have accents of rejoicing1 and accents of terror2 it will become the trumpet of judgement4 ,,ernest ,,renan1 #ahhg4 ,,rebecca',s ,,hymn ,,when ,israel1 of the ,lord beloved1 ,out from the land of bondage came1 ,her fathers' ,god before her moved1 ,an awful guide in smoke and flame4 ,by day1 along the astonished lands1 ,the cloudy pillar glided slow2 ,by night1 ,arabia's crimsoned sands ,returned the fiery column's glow4 ,there rose the choral hymn of praise1 ,and trump and timbrel answered keen1 ,and ,zion's daughters poured their lays1 ,with priest's and warrior's voice between4 ,no portents now our foes amaze1 ,forsaken ,israel wanders lone2 ,our fathers would not know ,thy ways1 ,and ,thou hast left them to their own4 ,but present still1 though now unseen6 ,when brightly shines the prosperous day4 ,be thoughts of ,thee a cloudy screen ,to temper the deceitful ray4 ,and oh1 when stoops on ,judah's path ,in shade and storm the frequent night1 ,be ,thou1 long-suffering1 slow to wrath1 ,a burning and a shining light6 ,our harps we left by ,babel's streams1 ,the tyrant's jest1 the ,gentile's scorn2 ,no censer round our altar beams1 ,and mute are timbrel1 harp1 and horn4 ,but ,thou hast said1 #8,the blood of goat1 ,the flesh of rams1 ,i will not prize2 ,a contrite heart1 a humble thought1 ,are ,mine accepted sacrifice'4 ,,sir ,,walter ,,scott1 #ahbj4 ,,moses#dc ,,to lead into freedom a people long crushed by tyranny2 to discipline and order such a mighty host2 to harden them into fighting men1 before whom warlike tribes quailed and walled cities went down2 to repress discontent and jealousy and mutiny2 to combat reactions and reversions2 to turn the quick1 fierce flame of enthusiasm to the service of a steady purpose1 require some towering charactera character blending in highest expression the qualities of politician1 patriot1 philosopher1 and statesmanthe union of the wisdom of the ,egyptians with the unselfish devotion of the meekest of men4 ,the striking differences between ,egyptian and ,hebrew polity are not of form1 but of essence4 ,the tendency of the one is to subordination and oppression2 of the other1 to individual freedom4 ,strangest of recorded birth6 ,from the strongest and most splendid despotism of antiquity comes the freest republic4 ,from between the paws of the rock-hewn ,sphinx rises the genius of human liberty1 and the trumpets of the ,exodus throb with the defiant proclamation of the rights of man4 ,the ,hebrew commonwealth was based upon the individuala commonwealth whose ideal it was that every man should sit under his own vine and fig-tree1 with none to vex him or make him afraid2 a commonwealth in which none should be condemned to ceaseless toil2 in which1 for even the bond slave there should be hope2 in which1 for even the beast of burden there should be rest4 ,it is not the protection of property1 but the protection of humanity1 that is the aim of the ,mosaic code4 ,its ,sabbath day and ,sabbath year secure1 even to the lowliest1 rest and leisure4 ,with the blast of the jubilee trumpets the slave goes free1 and a re-division of the land secures again to the poorest his fair share in the bounty of the common ,creator4 ,the reaper must leave something for the gleaner2 even the ox cannot be muzzled as he treadeth out the corn4 ,everywhere1 in everything1 the dominant idea is that of our homely phrase#8,live and let live4' ,that there is one day in the week that the working man may call his own1 one day in the week on which the hammer is silent and the loom stands idle1 is due1 through ,christianity1 to ,judaismto the code promulgated in the ,sinaitic wilderness4 ,and who that considers the waste of productive forces can doubt that modern society would be not merely happier1 but richer1 had we received as well as the ,sabbath day the grand idea of the ,sabbath year1 or1 adapting its spirit to our changed conditions1 secured in another way an equivalent reduction of working hours4 ,it is in these characteristics of the ,mosaic institutions that1 as in the fragments of a ,colossus1 we may read the greatness of the mind whose impress they bearof a mind in advance of its surroundings1 in advance of its age2 of one of those star souls that dwindle not with distance1 but1 glowing with the radiance of essential truth1 hold their light while institutions and languages and creeds change and pass4 ,leader and servant of men6 ,law-giver and benefactor6 ,toiler towards the ,promised ,land seen only by the eye of faith6 ,type of the high souls who in every age have given to earth its heroes and its martyrs1 whose deeds are the precious possession of the race1 whose memories are its sacred heritage6 ,with whom among the founders of ,empire shall we compare him8 ,to dispute about the inspiration of such a man were to dispute about words4 ,from the depths of the ,unseen such characters must draw their strength2 from fountains that flow only from the pure in heart must come their wisdom4 ,of something more real than matter2 of something higher than the stars2 of a light that will endure when suns are dead and dark2 of a purpose of which the physical universe is but a passing phrase1 such lives tell4 ,,henry ,,george1 #ahhd4 ,,the ,,burial ,,of ,,moses ,,by ,nebo's lonely mountain1 ,on this side ,jordan's wave1 ,in a vale in the land of ,moab1 ,there lies a lonely grave4 ,but no man built that sepulchre1 ,and no man saw it e'er2 ,for the angels of ,god upturned the sod ,and laid the dead man there4 ,that was the grandest funeral ,that ever passed on earth2 ,yet no man heard the trampling1 ,or saw the train go forth3 ,noiselessly as the daylight ,comes when the night is done1 ,and the crimson streak on ocean's cheek ,grows into the great sun4 ,perchance the bald old eagle ,on grey ,beth-peor's height ,out of his rocky eyrie ,looked on the wondrous sight2 ,perchance the lion stalking ,still shuns that hallowed spot2 ,for beast and bird have seen and heard ,that which man knoweth not4 ,this was the bravest warrior ,that ever buckled sword2 ,this the most gifted poet ,that ever breathed a word2 ,and never earth's philosopher ,traced with his golden pen ,on the deathless page truths half so sage ,as he wrote down for men4 ,c4 ,f4 ,,alexander4 ,,israel',s ,,psalter ,,at no period throughout the whole range of ,jewish history has the poetic voice been mute4 ,every great fact throughout its entire course1 right down to modern times1 has left its impress on the ,synagogue liturgy4 ,jewish poetry is the mirror of ,jewish national life1 and poetic utterance a divine instinct of the ,jewish mind4 ,for to the ,hebrew1 poetry was both prayer and praise1 and alike in mercy and affliction the poet's words became for the ,hebrew the medium of direct communion with the ,divine4 ,adoration can rise no higher than we find it in the ,psalter4 ,,john ,e4 ,,dow1 #ahij4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ancient psalm still keeps its music1 and this is but the outer sign of its spiritual power1 which remains as near and intimate to our needs1 human and divine1 as in ,david's day4 ,so1 indeed1 it seems to have remained through all the centuriesthe one body of poetry which has gone on1 apart from the change of races and languages1 speaking with a voice of power to the hearts of men4 ,,ernest ,,rhys1 #ahie4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,psalms resound1 and will continue to resound1 as long as there shall be men created in the image of ,god1 in whose hearts the sacred fire of religion shines and glows2 for they are religion itself put into speech4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,cornill1 #ahig4 ,,the ,,psalms ,,in ,,human ,,life ,,above the couch of ,david1 according to ,rabbinical tradition1 there hung a harp4 ,the midnight breeze1 as it rippled over the strings1 made such music that the poet king was constrained to rise from his bed1 and till the dawn flushed the eastern skies he wedded words to the strains4 ,the poetry of that tradition is condensed in the saying that the ,book of ,psalms contains the whole music of the heart of man1 swept by the hand of his ,maker4 ,in it are gathered the lyrical burst of his tenderness1 the moan of his penitence1 the pathos of his sorrow1 the triumph of his victory1 the despair of his defeat1 the firmness of his confidence1 the rapture of his assured hope4 ,the ,psalms express in exquisite words the kinship which every thoughtful human heart craves to find with a supreme1 unchanging1 loving ,god1 who will be to him a protector1 guardian1 and friend4 ,they translate into speech the spiritual passion of the loftiest genius2 they also utter1 with the beauty born of truth and simplicity1 the inarticulate and humble longings of the unlettered peasant4 ,they alone have known no limitations to a particular age1 country1 or form of faith4 ,in the ,psalms the vast hosts of suffering humanity have found the deepest expression of their hopes and fears4 ,r4 ,e4 ,,prothero1 #aijc4 ,,the ,,spacious ,,firmament ,,on ,,high 7,,psalm #ai7 ,the spacious firmament on high1 ,with all the blue ethereal sky1 ,and spangled heavens1 a shining frame1 ,their great ,original proclaim4 ,th' unwearied sun from day to day ,does his ,creator's power display1 ,and publishes to every land ,the work of an ,almighty hand4 ,soon as the evening shades prevail1 ,the moon takes up the wondrous tale2 ,and nightly to the list'ning earth1 ,repeats the story of her birth3 ,whilst all the stars that round her burn1 ,and all the planets in their turn1 ,confirm the tidings as they roll1 ,and spread the truth from pole to pole4 ,what though in solemn silence all ,move round the dark terrestrial ball8 ,what though nor real voice nor sound ,amid their radiant orbs be found8 ,in reason's ear they all rejoice1 ,and utter forth a glorious voice2 ,for ever singing as they shine1 #8,the hand that made us is divine4' ,,joseph ,,addison1 #agai4 #8,o ,,god1 ,,our ,,help ,,in ,,ages ,,past' 7,,psalm #ij7 ,o ,,god1 our help in ages past1 ,our hope for years to come1 ,our shelter from the stormy blast1 ,and our eternal home2 ,beneath the shadow of ,thy ,throne ,thy saints have dwelt secure2 ,sufficient is ,thine arm alone1 ,and our defence is sure4 ,before the hills in order stood1 ,or earth received her frame1 ,from everlasting ,thou art ,god1 ,to endless years the same4 ,a thousand ages in ,thy sight ,are like an evening gone2 ,short as the watch that ends the night ,before the rising sun4 ,time1 like an ever-rolling stream1 ,bears all its sons away2 ,they fly1 forgotten1 as a dream ,dies at the opening day4 ,o ,god1 our help in ages past1 ,our hope for years to come1 ,be ,thou our guard while troubles last1 ,and our eternal home4 ,,isaac ,,watts1 #agai4 ,,the ,,living ,,power ,,of ,,the ,,jewish ,,prophets#dd ,,the moral feelings of men have been deepened and strengthened1 and also softened1 and almost created1 by the ,jewish prophets4 ,in modern times we hardly like to acknowledge the full force of their words1 lest they should prove subversive to society4 ,and so we explain them away or spiritualize them1 and convert what is figurative into what is literal1 and what is literal into what is figurative4 ,and still1 after all our interpretation or misinterpretation1 whether due to a false theology or an imperfect knowledge of the original language1 the force of the words remains1 and a light of heavenly truth and love streams from them even now more than #b1ejj years after they were first uttered4 ,,benjamin ,,jowett4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,one lesson1 and only one1 history may be said to repeat with distinctness1 that the world is built somehow on moral foundations2 that in the long run it is well with the good2 in the long run it is ill with the wicked4 ,but this is no science2 it is no more than the old doctrine taught long ago by the ,hebrew prophets4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,froude1 #ahhi4 ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,jonah4 ,,an involuntary smile passes over one's features at the mention of the name of ,jonah4 ,for the popular conception sees nothing in this book but a silly tale exciting us to derision4 ,i have read the ,book of ,jonah at least a hundred times1 and ,i will publicly avow that ,i cannot even now take up this marvellous book1 nay1 nor even speak of it1 without the tears rising to my eyes and my heart beating higher4 ,this apparently trivial book is one of the deepest and grandest that was ever written1 and ,i should like to say to every one who approaches it1 #8,take off thy shoes1 for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground'4 ,jonah receives from ,god the command to go to ,nineveh to proclaim the judgement1 but he rose to flee from the presence of the ,lord by ship unto ,tarshish in the far west4 ,from the very beginning of the narrative1 the genuine and loyal devotion of the heathen seamen is placed in intentional and exceedingly powerful contrast to the behaviour of the prophetthey are the sincere believers3 he is the only heathen on board4 ,after ,jonah has been saved from storm and sea by the fish1 he again receives the command to go to ,nineveh4 ,he obeys2 and1 wonderful to relate1 scarcely has the strange preacher traversed the third part of the city crying out his warning1 than the whole of ,nineveh proclaim a fast and put on sackcloth4 ,the people of ,nineveh believed the words of the preacher and humiliated themselves before ,god2 therefore1 the ground and motive of the ,divine judgement ceased to exist3 #8,god repented of the evil that ,he thought to do them1 and ,he did it not'4 ,now comes the fourth chapter1 on account of which the whole book was written1 and which cannot be replaced by paraphrase4 #8,but it' i4e4 ,god's determining not to destroy ,nineveh because of its sincere repentance #8displeased ,jonah exceedingly1 and he was angry4 ,and he prayed unto the ,lord1 and said1 ,i pray thee1 ,o ,lord1 was not this my saying1 when ,i was yet in my country8 ,therefore ,i hasted to flee unto ,tarshish3 for ,i knew that ,thou art a gracious ,god1 and full of compassion1 slow to anger1 and plenteous in mercy1 and repentest ,thee of the evil4 ,therefore now1 ,o ,lord1 take1 ,i beseech ,thee1 my life from me2 for it is better for me to die than to live4 ,and the ,lord said1 ,doest thou well to be angry8 ,then ,jonah went out of the city1 and sat on the east side of the city1 and there made him a booth1 and sat under it in the shadow1 till he might see what would become of the city4 ,and the ,lord ,god prepared a gourd and made it to come up over ,jonah1 that it might be a shadow over his head1 to deliver him from his evil case4 ,so ,jonah was exceedingly glad because of the gourd4 ,but ,god prepared a worm when the morning rose the next day1 and it smote the gourd that it withered4 ,and it came to pass1 when the sun arose1 that ,god prepared a sultry east wind2 and the sun beat upon the head of ,jonah1 that he fainted1 and requested for himself that he might die1 and said1 ,it is better for me to die than to live4 ,and ,god said to ,jonah1 ,doest thou well to be angry for the gourd8 ,and he said1 ,i do well to be angry even unto death4 ,and the ,lord said1 ,thou hast had pity on the gourd1 for the which thou hast not laboured1 neither madest it grow2 which came up in a night and perished in a night2 and should not ,i have pity on ,nineveh1 that great city2 wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand2 and also much cattle'8 ,with this question the book closes4 ,more simply1 as something quite self-evident1 and therefore more sublimely and touchingly1 the truth was never spoken in the ,hebrew ,scriptures that ,god1 as ,creator of the whole earth1 must also be the ,god and ,father of the entire world1 in whose loving1 kind1 and fatherly heart all men are equal1 before whom there is no difference of nation and creed1 but only men1 whom ,he has created in ,his own image4#de ,c4 ,h4 ,,cornill1 #ahid4 ,i ,,am convinced that the ,bible becomes ever more beautiful the more it is understood4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,goethe4 ,,job ,i ,,call the ,book of ,job one of the grandest things ever written with pen 444 a noble book1 all men's book6 ,there is nothing1 ,i think1 in the ,bible or out of it1 of equal literary merit4 ,t4 ,,carlyle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,this extraordinary booka book of which it is to say little to call it unequalled of its kind1 and which will one day1 perhaps1 when it is allowed to stand on its own merits1 be seen towering up alone1 far away above all the poetry of the world4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,froude1 #ahhe4 ,,ecclesiastes ,,the old cycles are for ever renewed1 and it is no paradox that he who would advance can never cling too close to the past4 ,the thing that has been is the thing that will be again2 if we realize that1 we may avoid many of the disillusions1 miseries1 insanities that for ever accompany the throes of new birth4 ,set your shoulder joyously to the world's wheel2 you may spare yourself some unhappiness if1 beforehand1 you slip the ,book of ,ecclesiastes beneath your arm4 ,,havelock ,,ellis4 ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,esther#df ,,within it burn a lofty independence and a genuine patriotism4 ,the story of ,esther1 glorified by the genius of ,handel and sanctified by the piety of ,racine1 not only affords material for the noblest and gentlest of meditations1 but is a token that in the daily eventsthe unforeseen chancesof life1 in little unremembered acts1 ,god is surely present4 ,when ,esther nerved herself to enter1 at the risk of her life1 the presence of ,ahasuerus#8,i will go in unto the king1 and if ,i perish ,i perish'when her patriotic feeling vented itself in that noble cry1 #8,how can ,i endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people8 or how can ,i endure to see the destruction of my kindred'8she expressed1 although she never named the name of ,god1 a religious devotion as acceptable to ,him as that of ,moses and ,david4 ,a4 ,p4 ,,stanley1 #ahgf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,we search the world for truth2 we cull ,the good1 the pure1 the beautiful ,from graven stone and written scroll1 ,from all old flower-fields of the soul2 ,and1 weary seekers of the best1 ,we come back laden from our quest1 ,to find that all the sages said ,is in the ,book our mothers read4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,whittier4 ,,the ,,talmud#dg ,,the ,talmud1 which was as a second life to the men of the ,ghetto1 was not only a book of philosophy or devotion1 it was a reservoir of national life2 it was the faithful mirror of the civilization of ,babylon and ,judea1 and1 at the same time1 a magical phantasmagoria of all the wild dreams1 the fables1 the legends1 the scraps of science more or less exact1 the reveries1 the audacious theories discovered by the ,wandering ,jew in his endless travels4 ,every generation of ,judaism had accumulated its facts and fancies there4 ,even the ,bible itself did not come so close to the daily life of the ,ghetto as the ,talmud and the ,mishna4 ,the ,bible was a thing eternal1 apart1 unchanging4 ,the ,talmud was a daily companion1 living1 breathing1 contemporary1 with a hundred remedies for a hundred needs4 ,a nation persecuted1 lives through its time of stress rather by its commentaries than by its ,scriptures4 ,in the ,ghetto the ,talmud was a door into the ideal always open4 ,when the ,christians burned the ,jews they did no enduring harm to ,judaism1 for martyrdom purifies and strengthens every cause4 ,but when they sequestrated every copy of the ,talmud that fraud or force could discover1 and burned the spiritual bread of a devoted people upon the public square1 they committed an irreparable injury2 for1 by withdrawing its ideal1 they debased the population of the ,ghetto4 ,a4 ,,mary ,f4 ,,robinson1 #ahib4 ,,the ,,humanity ,,of ,,jewish ,,wisdom ,,in my early youth ,i read,i have forgotten wherethe words of the ancient ,jewish sage,hillel1 if ,i remember rightly3 #8,if thou art not for thyself1 who will be for thee8 ,but if thou art for thyself alone1 wherefore art thou'8#dh ,the inner meaning of these words impressed me with its profound wisdom1 and ,i interpreted them for myself in this manner3 ,i must actively take care of myself1 that my life should be better1 and ,i must not impose the care of myself on other people's shoulders2 but if ,i am going to take care of myself alone1 of nothing but my own personal life1 it will be useless1 ugly1 meaningless4 ,this thought ate its way deep into my soul1 and ,i say now with conviction3 ,hillel's wisdom served as a strong staff on my road1 which was neither even nor easy4 ,i believe that ,jewish wisdom is more all-human and universal than any other2 and this not only because of its immemorial age1 not only because it is the firstborn1 but also because of the powerful humaneness that saturates it1 because of its high estimate of man4 ,,maxim ,,gorky1 #aiaf4 ,,the ,,pharisees#di ,,of all the strange ironies of history1 perhaps the strangest is that #8,pharisee' is current as a term of reproach among the theological descendants of that sect of ,nazarenes who1 without the martyr spirit of those primitive ,puritans1 would never have come into existence4 ,t4 ,h4 ,,huxley4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,pharisees built up religious individualism and a purely spiritual worship2 they deepened the belief in a future life2 they championed the cause of the laity against an exclusive priesthood2 they made the ,scriptures the possession of the people1 and in the weekly assemblages of the ,synagogue they preached to them the truths and hopes of religion out of the ,sacred ,books4444 ,the ,pharisees consistently strove to bring life more and more under the dominion of religious observance4 ,by carefully formed habits1 by the ceremonial of religious observances1 religious ideas and sanctions could be impressed upon the people's mind and heart4 ,but the outward was subordinated to the inward4 ,,canon ,g4 ,h4 ,,box1 #aiaa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pharisaism in history has had a hard fate4 ,for there has seldom been for ,christians the opportunity to know what ,pharisaism really meant1 and perhaps still more seldom the desire to use that opportunity4 ,is then the ,christian religion so weak that it must be advocated by blackening the character of its oldest rival8 ,r4 ,,travers ,,herford1 #aiab4 ,,the ,,jewish ,,prayer ,,book ,,when we come to view the half-dozen or so great ,liturgies of the world purely as religious documents1 and to weigh their value as devotional classics1 the incomparable superiority of the ,jewish convincingly appears4 ,the ,jewish ,liturgy occupies its pages with the ,one ,eternal ,lord2 holds ever true1 confident1 and direct speech with ,him2 exhausts the resources of language in songs of praise1 in utterances of loving gratitude1 in rejoicing at ,his nearness1 in natural outpourings of grief for sin2 never so much as a dream of intercessors or of hidings from ,his blessed punishments2 and1 withal1 such a sweet sense of the divine accessibility every moment to each sinful1 suffering child of earth4 ,where shall one find a hymn of universal faith like the ,adon ,olam1 of mystical beauty like the ,hymn of ,glory#ej2 or services so solemn1 touching1 and tender as those appointed for ,yom ,kippur8 ,compare the misery1 gloom1 and introspection surrounding other requiem and funeral services1 with the chastened1 dignified sobriety of the ,hebrew prayer for the dying1#ea and the healthy1 cheerful manliness of the ,mourner's ,kaddish4 ,again1 there is most refreshing silence in regard to life-conditions after death4 ,neither is there any spiteful condemnation of the followers of other faiths2 the ,jew is singularly free from narrow intolerance4 ,certainly the ,jew has cause to thank ,god1 and the fathers before him1 for the noblest ,liturgy the annals of faith can show4 ,g4 ,e4 ,,biddle1 #aijg4 ,,in ,a ,,synagogue#eb ,,deronda gave himself up to that strongest effect of chanted liturgies which is independent of detailed verbal meaning4 ,the most powerful movement of feeling with a liturgy is the prayer which seeks for nothing special1 but is a yearning to escape from the limitations of our own weakness and an invocation of all ,good to enter and abide with us2 or else a self-oblivious lifting up of gladness1 a #8,gloria in excelsis' that such ,good exists2 both the yearning and the exultation gathering their utmost force from the sense of communion in a form which has expressed them both for long generations of struggling fellow-men4 ,the ,hebrew liturgy1 like others1 has its transitions of litany1 lyric proclamation1 dry statement1 and blessing2 but this evening all were one for ,deronda2 the chant of the ,chazan's or ,reader's grand wide-ranging voice with its passage from monotony to sudden cries1 the outburst of sweet boys' voices from the little choir1 the devotional swaying of men's bodies backwards and forwards1 the very commonness of the building and shabbiness of the scene where a national faith1 which had penetrated the thinking of half the world1 had moulded the splendid forms of that world's religion1 was finding a remote1 obscure echoall were blent for him as one expression of a binding history1 tragic and yet glorious4 ,,george ,,eliot1 #ahgf4 ,,the ,,torch ,,of ,,jewish ,,learning#ec ,,learning was for two thousand years the sole claim to distinction recognized by ,israel4 #8,the scholar'1 says the ,talmud1 #8takes precedence over the king4' ,israel remained faithful to this precept throughout all her humiliations4 ,whenever1 in ,christian or ,moslem lands1 a hostile hand closed her schools1 the rabbis crossed the seas to reopen their academies in a distant country4 ,like the legendary ,wandering ,jew1 the flickering torch of ,jewish scholarship thus passed from ,east to ,west1 from ,north to ,south1 changing every two or three hundred years from one country to another4 ,whenever a royal edict commanded them to leave1 within three months1 the country in which their fathers had been buried and their sons had been born1 the treasure which the ,jews were most anxious to carry away with them was their books4 ,among all the autos-da-f which the daughter of ,zion has had to witness1 none has cost her such bitter tears as those flames which1 during the ,middle ,ages1 greedily consumed the scrolls of the ,talmud4 ,a4 ,,leroy ,,beaulieu1 #ahic4 ,,during ,,the ,,crusades#ed ,,in the little town ,tiberias1 on the shore of the ,lake of ,gennesaret1 sat the old ,jew ,eleazar1 with his family1 prepared to celebrate the ,passover4 ,it was the fourteenth day of the month ,nisan of the year #ajhi4 ,after the head of the family had washed his hands1 he blessed the gifts of ,god1 drank some wine1 took some of the bitter herbs1 and ate and gave to the others4 ,after that1 the second cup of wine was served1 and the youngest son of the house asked1 according to the sacred custom1 #8,what is the meaning of this feast8' ,the father answered3 #8,the ,lord brought us with a strong hand out of the ,egyptian bondage'4 ,thereafter a blessing was pronounced on the unleavened bread1 and they sat down to eat4 ,the old ,eleazar spoke of past times1 and contrasted them with the present3 #8,man born of woman lives but a short time1 and is full of trouble2 he cometh up like a flower1 and is cut down2 he fleeth hence like a shadow1 and continueth not4 ,a stranger and a sojourner is he upon earth1 and therefore he should be always ready for his journey as we are1 this holy evening4' ,the eldest son1 ,jacob1 who had come home in the evening after a journey1 seemed to wish to say something1 but did not venture to do so till the fourth and last cup was drunk4 #8,now1 ,jacob'1 said ,eleazar1 #8you want to talk4 ,you come from a journey1 though somewhat late1 and have something new to tell us4 ,hush6 ,i hear steps in the garden6' ,all hurried to the window1 for they lived in troublous times2 but1 as no one was to be seen outside1 they sat down again at the table4 #8,speak1 ,jacob'1 ,eleazar said again4 #8,i come from ,antioch1 where the ,crusaders are besieged by ,kerboga1 the ,emir ,mosul4 ,famine has raged among them1 and of three hundred thousand ,goyim1 only twenty thousand remain4' #8,what had they to do here8' #8,now1 on the roads1 they are talking of a new battle which the ,goyim have won1 and they believe that the ,crusaders will march straight on ,jerusalem4' #8,well1 they won't come here4' #8,they won't find the way1 unless there are traitors4' #8,the ,christians are misguided1 and their doctrine is folly4 ,they believe the ,messiah has come1 although the world is like a hell1 and men resemble devils6 ,and it ever gets worse4444' ,then the door was flung open1 and on the threshold appeared a little man1 emaciated as a skeleton1 with burning eyes,peter the ,hermit4 ,he was clothed in rags1 carried a cross in his hands1 and bore a red cross-shaped sign on his shoulder4 #8,are you ,christians8' he asked4 #8,no'1 answered ,eleazar1 #8we are of ,israel4' #8,out with you6down to the lake and be baptized1 or you will die the death6' ,then ,eleazar turned to the ,hermit1 and cried1 #8,no6 ,i and my house will serve the ,lord1 as we have done this holy evening according to the law of our fathers4 ,we suffer for our sins1 that is true1 but you1 godless1 cursed man1 pride not yourself on your power1 for you have not yet escaped the judgement of ,almighty ,god4' ,the ,hermit had gone out to his followers4 ,those within the house closed the window-shutters and the door4 ,there was a cry without3 #8,fire the house6' #8,let us bless ,god1 and die6' said ,eleazar1 and none of them hesitated4 ,eleazar spoke3 #8,i know that my ,redeemer liveth1 and that ,he will stand at the latter day upon the earth4 ,and when ,i am free from my flesh1 ,i shall see ,god4 ,him shall ,i see and not another1 and for that my soul and my heart cry out4' ,the mother had taken the youngest son in her arms1 as though she wished to protect him against the fire which now seized on the wall4 ,then ,eleazar began the ,song of the ,three ,children#ee in the fire1 and when they came to the words1 #8,o thank the ,lord1 for ,he is good1 ,and ,his mercy endureth for ever'1 their voices were choked1 and they ended their days like the ,maccabees4 ,,august ,,strindberg1 #aijg4 ,,the ,,expulsion ,,from ,,spain ,,and ,,portugal1 #adibadigef ,,the persecution of the ,jewish race dates from the very earliest period in which ,christianity obtained the direction of the civil powers2 and the hatred of the ,jews was for many centuries a faithful index of the piety of the ,christians4 ,insulted1 plundered1 hated1 and despised by all ,christian nations1 banished from ,england by ,edward ,i1 and from ,france by ,charles ,,vi1 they found in the ,spanish ,moors rulers who were probably not without a special sympathy for a race whose pure monotheism formed a marked contrast to the scarcely disguised polytheism of the ,spanish ,catholics2 and ,jewish learning and ,jewish genius contributed very largely to that bright but transient civilization which radiated from ,toledo and ,cordova1 and exercised so salutary an influence upon the belief of ,europe4 ,but when1 in an ill-omened hour1 the ,cross supplanted the ,crescent on the heights of the ,alhambra1 this solitary refuge was destroyed1 the last gleam of tolerance vanished from ,spain1 and the expulsion of the ,jews was determined4 ,this edict was immediately due to the exertions of ,torquemada2 but its ultimate cause is to be found in that steadily increasing popular fanaticism which made it impossible for the two races to exist together4 ,in #acij1 about a hundred years before the conquest of ,granada1 the ,catholics of ,seville being excited by the eloquence of a great preacher1 named ,hernando ,martinez1 had attacked the ,jews' quarter1 and murdered #d1jjj ,jews1 ,martinez himself presiding over the massacre4 ,about a year later1 and partly through the influence of the same eminent divine1 similar scenes took place at ,valentia1 ,cordova1 ,burgos1 ,toledo1 and ,barcelona 444 and more than once during the fifteenth century4 ,at last the ,moorish war1 which had always been regarded as a crusade1 was drawing to a close1 the religious fervour of the ,spanish rose to the highest point1 and the ,inquisition was established as its expression4 ,numbers of converted ,jews were massacred2 others1 who had been baptized during past explosions of popular fury1 fled to the ,moors1 in order to practise their rites1 and at last1 after a desperate resistance1 were captured and burnt alive4 ,the clergy exerted all their energies to produce the expulsion of the entire race1 and to effect this object all the old calumnies were revived1 and two or three miracles invented4 ,it must be acknowledged that history relates very few measures that produced so vast an amount of calamity4 ,in three short months1 all unconverted ,jews were obliged1 under pain of death1 to abandon the ,spanish soil4 ,multitudes1 falling into the hands of the pirates1 who swarmed around the coast1 were plundered of all they possessed and reduced to slavery2 multitudes died of famine or of plague1 or were murdered or tortured with horrible cruelty by the ,african savages4 ,about #hj1jjj took refuge in ,portugal1 relying on the promise of the king4 ,spanish priests lashed the ,portuguese into fury1 and the king was persuaded to issue an edict which threw even that of ,isabella into the shade4 ,all the adult ,jews were banished from ,portugal2 but first of all their children below the age of fourteen were taken from them to be educated as ,christians4 ,then1 indeed1 the cup of bitterness was filled to the brim4 ,the serene fortitude with which the exiled people had borne so many and such grievous calamities gave way1 and was replaced by the wildest paroxysms of despair4 ,when at last1 childless and broken-hearted1 they sought to leave the land1 they found that the ships had been purposely detained1 and the allotted time1 having expired1 they were reduced to slavery and baptized by force4 ,a great peal of rejoicing filled the ,peninsula1 and proclaimed that the triumph of the ,spanish priests was complete4 ,certainly the heroism of the defenders of every other creed fades into insignificance before this martyr people1 who for thirteen centuries confronted all the evils that the fiercest fanaticism could devise1 enduring obloquy and spoliation and the violation of the dearest ties1 and the infliction of the most hideous sufferings1 rather than abandon their faith4 ,persecution came to the ,jewish nation in its most horrible forms1 yet surrounded by every circumstance of petty annoyance that could destroy its grandeur1 and it continued for centuries their abiding portion4 ,but above all this the genius of that wonderful people rose supreme4 ,while those around them were grovelling in the darkness of besotted ignorance2 while juggling miracles and lying relics were the themes on which almost all ,europe was expatiating2 while the intellect of ,christendom1 enthralled by countless superstitions1 had sunk into a deadly torpor1 in which all love of inquiry and all search for truth were abandoned1 the ,jews were still pursuing the path of knowledge1 amassing learning1 and stimulating progress with the same unflinching constancy that they manifested in their faith4 ,they were the most skilful physicians1 the ablest financiers1 and among the most profound philosophers4 ,w4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,lecky1 #ahfe4 ,a ,,protest ,,against ,,the ,,auto-,,da-,f ,,of ,,september #bj1 #agfa1 ,,lisbon ,,what was their crime8 ,only that they were born4 ,they were born ,israelites1 they celebrated ,pesach2 that is the only reason that the ,portuguese burnt them4 ,would you believe that while the flames were consuming these innocent victims1 the inquisitors and the other savages were chanting our prayers8 ,these pitiless monsters were invoking the ,god of mercy and kindness1 the ,god of pardon1 while committing the most atrocious and barbarous crime1 while acting in a way which demons in their rage would not use against their brother demons4 ,your madness goes so far as to say that we are scattered because our fathers condemned to death him whom you worship4 ,o ye pious tigers1 ye fanatical panthers1 who despise your sect so much that you have no better way of supporting it than by executioners1 cannot you see that it was only the ,romans who condemned him8 ,we had not1 at that time1 the right to inflict death2 we were governed by ,quirinus1 ,varus1 ,pilate4 ,no crucifixion was practised among us4 ,not a trace of that form of punishment is to be found4 ,cease1 therefore1 to punish a whole nation for an event for which it cannot be responsible4 ,would it be just to go and burn the ,pope and all the ,monsignori at ,rome to-day because the first ,romans ravished the ,sabines and pillaged the ,samnites8 ,o ,god1 who hast created us all1 who desirest not the misfortune of ,thy creatures1 ,god1 ,father of all1 ,god of mercy1 accomplish ,thou that there be no longer on this globe1 on this least of all the worlds1 either fanatics or persecutors4 ,amen4 ,f4 ,m4 ,a4 ,,voltaire1 in #8,sermon du ,rabin ,akib'4 ,,the ,,bible ,,in ,,elizabethan ,,england#eg ,,no greater moral change ever passed over a nation than passed over ,england during the years of the reign of ,elizabeth4 ,england became the people of a book1 and that book was the ,bible4 ,it was read in churches1 and it was read at home1 and everywhere its words1 as they fell on ears which custom had not deadened to their force and beauty1 kindled a startling enthusiasm4 ,as a mere literary monument1 the ,english ,version of the ,bible remains the noblest example of the ,english tongue1 while its perpetual use made it from the instant of its appearance the standard of our language4 ,but far greater than its effect on literature was the effect of the ,bible on the character of the people at large4 ,elizabeth might silence or tune the pulpits1 but it was impossible for her to silence or tune the great preachers of justice1 and mercy1 and truth1 who spoke from the ,book which the ,lord again opened to the people4 ,the effect of the ,bible in this way was simply amazing4 ,the whole temper of the nation was changed4 ,a new conception of life and of man superseded the old4 ,a new moral and religious impulse spread through every class4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,green1 #ahgd4 ,,for ,,the ,,emancipation ,,of ,,the ,,jews ,,in the infancy of civilization1 when our island was as savage as ,new ,guinea1 when letters and arts were still unknown to ,athens1 when scarcely a thatched hut stood on what was afterwards the site of ,rome1 this contemned people had their fenced cities and cedar palaces1 their splendid ,temple1 their fleets of merchant ships1 their schools of sacred learning1 their great statesmen and soldiers1 their natural philosophers1 their historians1 and their poets4 ,what nation ever contended more manfully against overwhelming odds for its independence and religion8 ,what nation ever1 in its last agonies1 gave such signal proofs of what may be accomplished by a brave despair8 ,and if1 in the course of many centuries1 the oppressed descendants of warriors and sages have degenerated from the qualities of their fathers 444 shall we consider this as a matter of reproach to them8 ,shall we not rather consider it as matter of shame and remorse to ourselves8 ,let us do justice to them4 ,let us open to them the door of the ,house of ,commons4 ,let us open to them every career in which ability and energy can be displayed4 ,till we have done this1 let us not presume to say that there is no genius among the countrymen of ,isaiah1 no heroism among the descendants of the ,maccabees4 ,,lord ,,macaulay1 #ahcc4 ,,ignorance ,,of ,,judaism ,,he had been roused to the consciousness of knowing hardly anything about modern ,judaism or the inner ,jewish history4 ,the ,chosen ,people have been commonly treated as a people chosen for the sake of somebody else1 and their thinking as something 7no matter exactly what7 that ought to have been entirely otherwise2 and ,deronda1 like his neighbours1 had regarded ,judaism as a sort of eccentric fossilized form which an accomplished man might dispense with studying1 and leave to specialists4 ,but there had flashed on him the hitherto neglected reality that ,judaism was something still throbbing in human lives1 still making for them the only conceivable vesture of the world4 ,,george ,,eliot1 #ahgf1 in #8,daniel ,deronda'4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mock on1 mock on1 ,voltaire1 ,rousseau6 ,mock on1 mock on6 'tis all in vain3 ,you throw the sand against the wind1 ,and the wind blows it back again4 ,and every sand becomes a gem ,reflected in the beams divine2 ,blown back1 they blind the mocking eye1 ,but still in ,israel's paths they shine4 ,,william ,,blake4 ,,they ,,are ,,our ,,elders ,,next to the selection that has been in operation for centuries1 it is1 in my opinion1 the antiquity and the continuity of their civilization that throws some light upon the ,jews as well as upon the place they occupy in our midst4 ,they were here before us2 they are our elders4 ,their children were taught to read from the scrolls of the ,torah before our ,latin alphabet had reached its final form1 long before ,cyrillus and ,methodius had given writing to the ,slavs1 and before the ,runic characters were known to the ,germans of the ,north4 ,as compared with the ,jews1 we are young1 we are new-comers2 in the matter of civilization they are far ahead of us4 ,it was in vain that we locked them up for several hundred years behind the walls of the ,ghetto4 ,no sooner were their prison gates unbarred than they easily caught up with us1 even on those paths which we had opened up without their aid4 ,a4 ,,leroy ,,beaulieu1 #ahic4 ,,the ,,jewish ,,cemetery ,,at ,,newport#eh ,,how strange it seems6 ,these ,hebrews in their graves1 ,close by the street of this fair seaport town1 ,silent beside the never-silent waves1 ,at rest in all this moving up and down4 ,how came they here8 ,what burst of ,christian hate1 ,what persecution1 merciless and blind1 ,drove o'er the seathat desert desolate ,these ,ishmaels and ,hagars of mankind8 ,pride and humiliation hand in hand ,walked with them through the world where'er they went2 ,trampled and beaten were they as the sand1 ,and yet unshaken as the continent4 ,for in the background figures vague and vast ,of patriarchs and prophets rose sublime1 ,and all the great traditions of the ,past ,they saw reflected in the coming time4 ,and thus forever with reverted look ,the mystic volume of the world they read1 ,spelling it backward1 like a ,hebrew book1 ,till life became a ,legend of the ,dead4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,longfellow1 #aheh4 ,,the ,,jew ,,as ,a ,,citizen ,i ,,am glad to be able to say that while the ,jews of the ,united ,states have remained loyal to their faith and their race traditions1 they are engaged in generous rivalry with their fellow-citizens of other denominations in advancing the interests of our common country4 ,this is true1 not only of the descendants of the early settlers and those of ,american birth1 but of a great and constantly increasing proportion of those who have come to our shores within the last twenty-five years as refugees reduced to the direst straits of penury and misery4 ,in a few years1 men and women hitherto utterly unaccustomed to any of the privileges of citizenship have moved mightily upward toward the standard of loyal1 self-respecting ,american citizenship2 of that citizenship which not merely insists upon its rights1 but also eagerly recognizes its duty to do its full share in the material1 social1 and moral advancement of the nation4 ,,theodore ,,roosevelt1 on the #bejth anniversary of the ,settlement of the ,jews in the ,united ,states1 ,november1 #aije4 ,,in ,,the ,,east ,,end ,,of ,,london ,,some years ago1 when ,i was living in ,europe1 ,i went for six months to reside in the very poorest part of the ,east ,end of ,london1 when ,i made friends with a poor ,jewish woman4 ,she took me into the tiny one-roomed tenement where she and her husband and their children lived on the few shillings a week they earned by their joint labour4 ,though it had all the misery and confinement which extreme poverty means in a great city1 ,i had yet often a curious feeling that it was a home4 ,with however much difficulty1 a few pence would be saved to celebrate1 if it were but in a pitiful little way1 the festivals of their people2 though it were by starving themselves1 the parents would lay by something for the education of their children or to procure them some little extra comfort4 ,and the conclusion was forced on me that1 taking the very poorest class of ,jew and comparing him with an exactly analogous class of non-,jews earning the same wages and living in the same locality1 the life of the ,jew was1 on the whole1 more mentally healthful1 more human1 and had in it an element of hope that was often wanting in that of others4 ,i felt that these people needed but a little space1 a little chance1 to develop into some far higher form4 ,the material was there4 ,therefore ,i would welcome the exiled ,russian ,jew to ,south ,africa1 not merely with pity1 but with a feeling of pride that any member of that great1 much-suffering people1 to whom the world owes so great a debt1 should find a refuge and a home among us4 ,,olive ,,schreiner1 #aijf4 ,,the ,,russian ,,agony#ei ,i4 ,,the ,,beginnings ,,in #aefc ,ivan the ,terrible conquered ,polotzk1 and for the first time the ,russian ,government was confronted by the fact of the existence of the ,jewish nationality4 ,the ,czar's advisers were somewhat perplexed1 and asked him what to do with these newly acquired subjects4 ,ivan the ,terrible answered unhesitatingly3 #8,baptize them or drown them in the river'4 ,they were drowned4 ,p4 ,,milyukov1 #aiaf4 ,,ii4 ,,in ,,the ,,nineteenth ,,century#fj ,,few facts in the nineteenth century have been so well calculated to disenchant the believers in perpetual progress with their creed as the anti-,semite movement1 which in a few years has swept like an angry wave over the greater part of ,europe4 ,the recent movement for proscribing1 under pretence of preventing cruelty to animals1 the mode of killing animals for food which is enjoined in the ,jewish ritual1 is certainly at least as much due to dislike to the ,jews as to consideration for cattle4 ,it appears to have arisen among the ,german anti-,semites1 especially in ,saxony4444 ,the ,russian persecution stands in some degree apart from the other forms of the anti-,semite movement1 both on account of its unparalleled magnitude and ferocity1 and also because it is the direct act of a ,government deliberately1 systematically1 remorselessly seeking to reduce to utter misery millions of its own subjects4 ,an evil chance had placed upon the throne an absolute ruler who combined with much private virtue and very limited faculties all the genuine fanaticism of the great persecutors of the past1 and who found a new ,torquemada at his side4 ,he reigned over an administration which is among the most despotic1 and probably1 without exception1 the most corrupt and the most cruel in ,europe4 ,w4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,lecky1 #ahif4 ,,iii4 ,,in ,,the ,,twentieth ,,century ,,to lock people like wild beasts in a cage1 to surround them with disgraceful laws1 as in an immense circus1 for the sole revolting purpose to let loose the murderous mob upon them whenever practicable for ,st4 ,petersburgterrible1 terrible6 ,anti-,semitism is a mad passion1 akin to the lowest perversities of diseased human nature4 ,it is the will to hate4 ,the ,emperor ,hadrian was an honest anti-,semite4 ,one day1 the ,talmud records1 on his journey in the ,east1 a ,jew passed the ,imperial train and saluted the ,emperor4 ,he was beside himself with rage4 #8,you1 a ,jew1 dare to greet the ,emperor6 ,you shall pay for this with your life4' ,in the course of the same day another ,jew passed him1 and1 warned by example1 he did not greet ,hadrian4 #8,you1 a ,jew1 dare to pass the ,emperor without a greeting6' he angrily exclaimed4 #8,you have forfeited your life4' ,to his astonished courtiers he replied3 #8,i hate the ,jews4 ,whatever they do1 ,i find intolerable4 ,i therefore make use of any pretext to destroy them4' ,so are all anti-,semites4 ,,leo ,,tolstoy1 #aijd4 ,,iv4 ,,the ,,moral ,,the study of the history of ,europe during the past centuries teaches us one uniform lesson3 ,that the nations which have received and in any way dealt fairly and mercifully with the ,jew have prospered2 and that the nations that have tortured and oppressed him have written out their own curse4 ,,olive ,,schreiner1 #aijf4 ,,the ,,blood ,,libel ,,british ,,protest1 #aiab ,,we desire to associate ourselves with the protests signed in ,russia1 ,france1 and ,germany by leading ,christian ,theologians1 ,men of ,letters1 ,scientists1 ,politicians1 and others against the attempt made in the ,city of ,kieff to revive the hideous charge of ,ritual ,murderknown as the #8,blood ,accusation'against ,judaism and the ,jewish ,people4 ,the question is one of humanity1 civilization1 and truth4 ,the #8blood accusation' is a relic of the days of witchcraft and #8black magic'1 a cruel and utterly baseless libel on ,judaism1 an insult to ,western culture1 and a dishonour to the ,churches in whose name it has been falsely formulated by ignorant fanatics4 ,religious minorities other than the ,jews1 such as the early ,christians1 the ,quakers1 and ,christian ,missionaries in ,china1 have been victimized by it4 ,it has been denounced by the best men of all ages and creeds4 ,the ,popes1 the founders of the ,reformation1 the ,khalif of ,islam1 statesmen of every country1 together with all the great seats of learning in ,europe1 have publicly repudiated it4 ,signed by3 ,the ,,archbishops of ,,canterbury1 ,,york1 ,,armagh2 the ,,cardinal ,,archbishop of ,,westminster1 and the ,,heads of all other ,,christian ,,denominations4 ,the ,,bishops of ,,london1 ,,oxford1 ,,worcester1 ,,winchester1 ,,birmingham1 ,,gloucester1 ,,liverpool1 ,,manchester1 c42 the ,,deans of ,,westminster1 ,,canterbury1 ,,norwich1 ,,ripon1 c4 ,the ,,dukes of ,,norfolk and ,,northumberland1 and the ,,earls of ,,rosebery1 ,,selborne1 and ,,cromer2 ,,lords ,,milner and ,,rayleigh2 ,a4 ,j4 ,,balfour1 ,,sir ,,edward ,,carson1 ,,gen4 ,n4 ,g4 ,,lyttelton1 c4 ,,frederic ,,harrison1 ,a4 ,v4 ,,dicey1 ,,sir ,,william ,,osler1 ,,sir ,,francis ,,darwin1 ,,sir ,,william ,,ramsay2 ,,james ,a4 ,h4 ,,murray1 ,,norman ,,lockyer1 ,j4 ,g4 ,,frazer1 c4 ,,sir ,,oliver ,,lodge1 the ,,principals of eleven ,,oxford ,,colleges2 the ,,masters of seven ,,cambridge ,,colleges1 ,s4 ,r4 ,,driver1 ,f4 ,c4 ,,burkitt1 ,a4 ,e4 ,,cowley1 ,w4 ,,sanday1 ,h4 ,b4 ,,swete1 ,,estlin ,,carpenter1 ,a4 ,e4 ,,garvie1 ,a4 ,c4 ,,headlam1 ,,kirsopp ,,lake1 c4 ,,justices ,,eve1 ,,warrington1 and ,,vaughan ,,williams4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,doyle1 ,,thos4 ,,hardy1 ,,anthony ,,hope1 ,a4 ,,quiller-,,couch1 ,g4 ,b4 ,,shaw1 ,h4 ,g4 ,,wells1 c4 ,the ,,editors of the ,edinburgh1 ,quarterly1 ,fortnightly1 ,hibbert1 ,quest1 ,spectator1 ,nation1 ,daily ,telegraph1 ,manchester ,guardian1 ,daily ,chronicle1 ,daily ,news1 ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 c41 c4 ,,jewish ,,nationalism ,,when it is rational to say1 #8,i know not my father or my mother1 let my children be aliens to me that no prayer of mine may touch them'1 then it will be rational for the ,jew to say1 #8,i will not cherish the prophetic consciousness of our nationalitylet the ,hebrew cease to be1 and let all his memorials be antiquarian trifles1 dead as the wall paintings of a conjectured race'4 ,the divine principle of our race is action1 choice1 resolved memory4 ,let us help to will our own better future and the better future of the worldnot renounce our higher gift and say1 #8,let us be as if we were not among the populations'2 but choose our full heritage1 claim the brotherhood of our nation1 and carry into it a new brotherhood with the nations of the ,gentiles4 ,the vision is there2 it will be fulfilled4 ,,george ,,eliot1 #ahgf1 in #8,daniel ,deronda'4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no ,british ,jew would be less ,british because he looked upon the cradle of his race with pride1 and at the religious centre of his faith with happiness and reverence4 ,,sir ,,mark ,,sykes1 #aiah4 ,a ,,jewish ,,national ,,home#fa ,,foreign ,,office1 ,november #b1 #aiag4 ,,dear ,,lord ,,rothschild1 ,i have much pleasure in conveying to you1 on behalf of ,his ,majesty's ,government1 the following declaration of sympathy with ,jewish ,zionist aspirations which has been submitted to1 and approved by1 the ,cabinet3 #8,his ,majesty's ,government view with favour the establishment in ,palestine of a national home for the ,jewish people1 and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object1 it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-,jewish communities in ,palestine1 or the rights and political status enjoyed by ,jews in any other country4' ,yours sincerely1 ,,arthur ,,james ,,balfour4 ,,israel',s ,,preservation ,,the destruction of the ,holy ,city1 the ruin of the ,house of ,god1 the dispersion of the ,chosen ,people into all the kingdoms of the earth1 and their continued existence as a nation1 notwithstanding every attempt to exterminate them or to compel them to forsake those ordinances which distinguish them to this very day from all other nations1 is emphatically one of the strongest evidences we can have of the truth of the ,bible4 ,jerusalem was indeed once a great city1 and the ,temple magnifical2 but the ,jews themselves were greater than either2 hence1 while the two former have been given over to spoliation1 the latter have been wonderfully1 miraculously preserved4 ,the annals of the world do not contain anything so remarkable in human experience1 so greatly surpassing human power and human prescience4 ,exiled and dispersed1 reviled and persecuted1 oppressed and suffering1 often denied the commonest rights of humanity1 and still more often made the victim of ruthless fanaticism and bigoted prejudice1 the ,jews are divinely preserved for a purpose worthy of a ,god6 ,,st4 ,,jerome1 #dth cent4 ,,israel ,,and ,,the ,,nations#fb ,,the ,jew has made a marvellous fight in this world1 in all the ages2 and has done it with his hands tied behind him4 ,the ,egyptian1 the ,babylonian1 and the ,persian rose1 filled the planet with sound and splendour1 then faded to dream-stuff and passed away2 the ,greek and the ,roman followed1 and made a vast noise1 and they are gone2 other peoples have sprung up and held their torch high for a time1 but it burned out1 and they sit in twilight now1 or have vanished4 ,the ,jew saw them all1 beat them all1 and is now what he always was1 exhibiting no decadence1 no infirmities of age1 no weakening of his parts1 no slowing of his energies1 no dulling of his alert and aggressive mind4 ,,mark ,,twain1 #ahih4 ,,iv ,,the ,,voice ,,of ,,prayer 7,,the ,,jewish ,,year7 ,,how precious is ,thy loving-kindness1 ,o ,god1 and the children of men take refuge under the shadow of ,thy wings4 ,for with ,thee is the fountain of life2 in ,thy light do we see light4 ,,psalm #cf4 #h1 #aj4 ,,on ,,prayer ,,and ,,praise ,,there is an old story1 invented by the sages and handed down by memory from age to age4 ,they say1 when ,god had finished the world1 ,he asked one of the angels if aught were wanting on land or on sea1 in air or in heaven4 ,the angel answered that all was perfect2 one thing only he desiredspeech1 to praise ,god's works1 or recount them1 which would be their praise4 ,and the ,father approved the angel's words1 and not long afterwards appeared the race1 gifted with the muses and with song4 ,this is the ancient story1 and in consonance with its spirit ,i say3 #8,it is ,god's peculiar work to benefit1 and ,his creatures' work to give ,him thanks'4 ,,philo ,,judaeus1 #ast cent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,there are halls in the heavens above that open but to the voice of song4 ,,zohar4 ,,on ,,morning ,,service ,,let man strengthen himself like a lion and arise in the early morn to render service to his ,creator2 as ,david said1 #8,i will awake the dawn' 7,psalm #eg4 #i74 ,,commentary3 ,strengthen himself4,the root-idea of such strengthening is to prepare himself to resist temptations and evil desires which during this day may assail him3 as it is said1 #8,who is strong8 ,he that subdues his passions4' ,like a lion4,as a lion is the most fearless of animals1 so shall he likewise1 in the performance of his duties1 fear nothing1 but rely firmly on his ,god4 ,,gloss3 #8,i have set the ,lord always before me' 7,psalm #af4 #h73 ,this is a leading principle in ,religion1 and in the upward strivings of the righteous who walk ever in the presence of ,god4 ,for a man's mode of life1 his demeanour and his deeds1 his speech and his movements1 when alone in the house or in the intimate circle of his family and friends1 are unlike those which he would exhibit when in the presence of a great king4 ,and how much more considered will his demeanour be1 if he reflect that there stands over him the ,king of kings1 the ,holy ,one1 blessed be ,he1 whose glory fills the whole earth1 watching his conduct and surveying his deeds2 even as it is written3 #8,can any hide himself in secret places that ,i shall not see him8' saith the ,lord 7,jeremiah #bc4 #bd74 ,such contemplation must perforce imbue him with a true sense of reverence and humility1 prompted by a feeling of unworthiness1 before the ,holy ,name2 and he will be heedless of whoever may mock at him because of his devotions4 ,,shulchan ,,aruch1 #a1 #a4 7,trans4 ,a4 ,feldman47 ,,at ,,the ,,dawn ,i ,,seek ,,thee ,,at the dawn ,i seek ,thee1 ,refuge1 ,rock sublime2 ,set my prayer before ,thee in the morning1 ,and my prayer at eventime4 ,i before ,thy greatness ,stand and am afraid3 ,all my secret thoughts ,thine eye beholdeth ,deep within my bosom laid4 ,and1 withal1 what is it ,heart and tongue can do8 ,what is this my strength1 and what is even ,this1 the spirit in me1 too8 ,but1 indeed1 man's singing ,may seem good to ,thee2 ,so ,i praise ,thee1 singing1 while there dwelleth ,yet the breath of ,god in me4 ,,solomon ,,ibn ,,gabirol1 #ajej4 7,trans4 ,nina ,salaman47 ,,morning ,,prayers ,,may it be ,thy will1 ,o ,god1 that ,i walk in ,thy law1 and cleave to ,thy commandments4 ,lead me not into sin or temptation or contempt4 ,let not evil desire rule over me4 ,bend my will to ,thine4 ,keep me from sinful men and worthless companions4 ,help me to cling to the good1 and give me grace in ,thy sight and in the sight of those about me4 ,amen4 ,,daily ,,prayer ,,book4 99 99 99 99 99 ,o ,,god1 ,i stand before ,thee1 knowing all my deficiencies1 and overwhelmed by ,thy greatness and majesty4 ,but ,thou hast commanded me to pray to ,thee1 and hast suffered me to offer homage to ,thine exalted ,name according to the measure of my knowledge1 and to lay my supplication before ,thee4 ,thou knowest best what is for my good4 ,if ,i recite my wants1 it is not to remind ,thee of them1 but only so that ,i may understand better how great is my dependence upon ,thee4 ,if1 then1 ,i ask ,thee for the things that make not for my well-being1 it is because ,i am ignorant2 ,thy choice is better than mine1 and ,i submit myself to ,thine unalterable decrees and ,thy supreme direction4 #8,o ,lord1 my heart is not haughty1 nor mine eyes lofty2 neither do ,i exercise myself in great matters1 or in things too wonderful for me4 ,surely ,i have stilled and quieted my soul2 like a child with his mother1 my soul is with me like a weaned child' 7,psalm #aca74 ,,bachya ,,ibn ,,pakudah1 #ajdj4 ,,adon ,,olam#fc ,i ,,the charm of the ,adon ,olam consists in the subtle manner in which ,jewish dogmatics are associated with the simplest spiritual thoughts4 ,in the first four lines we have a picture of ,god1 the eternal ,lord1 existing before the creation of the world1 existing still when the world shall cease to be4 ,between the eternal past and the eternal future comes the world of time4 ,this is purely ,jewish dogmatics4 ,aristotle held that the world was eternal2 ,judaism1 that it was created4 ,it is ,god alone who is eternal4 ,further1 ,judaism conceives of ,god as ,something apart from1 outside of1 ,his world4 ,he transcends man and the universe4 ,yet ,god is also immanent2 ,he dwells within the human soul as well as within the world4 ,god is not one with man1 but akin to man2 ,he is high above the world1 yet nigh unto them that call upon ,him4 ,the ,god who exists for ever is proclaimed ,king when men acknowledge ,his ,kingship and show ,him the allegiance of worship and obedience4 ,the ,god who stands high above creation is the ,one into whose hand man commits himself without fear4 ,the ,majestic ,king is also the ,redeemer4 ,the transcendent ,god is a ,refuge in man's distress4 ,he does not merely raise a banner1 ,he is the ,banner2 ,he does not only hold out the cup of salvation1 ,he is the consummate ,cup4 ,i4 ,,abrahams1 #aijf4 ,,ii ,,before the glorious orbs of light ,had shed one blissful ray1 ,in awful power1 the ,lord of might ,reign'd in eternal day4 ,at ,his creative1 holy word ,the voice of nature spoke1 ,unnumber'd worlds with one accord ,to living joys awoke4 ,then was proclaim'd the mighty ,king ,in majesty on high6 ,then did the holy creatures sing ,his praises through the sky4 ,all-merciful in strength ,he reigns ,immutable6 supreme6 ,his hand the universe sustains1 ,he only can redeem4 ,almighty1 powerful and just6 ,thou art my ,god1 my ,friend1 ,my rock1 my refuge and my trust1 ,on ,thee my hopes depend4 ,o6 be my guardian whilst ,i sleep1 ,for ,thou didst lend me breath3 ,and when ,i wake1 my spirit keep1 ,and save my soul in death4 ,d4 ,n4 ,,carvalho1 #ahcj4 ,,adon ,,olam ,,and ,,modern ,,science ,,alone of all religious and philosophic conceptions of man1 the faith which binds together the ,jews has not been harmed by the advance of research1 but1 on the contrary1 has been vindicated in its profoundest tenets4 ,slowly and by degrees ,science is being brought to recognize in the universe the existence of ,one ,power1 which is of no beginning and no end2 which has existed before all things were formed1 and will remain in its integrity when all is gone2 the ,source and ,origin of all1 in ,itself beyond any conception or image that man can form and set up before his eye or mind2 whereas all things perceivable as matter and force are subjected to his inquiry and designs4 ,this sum total of the scientific discoveries of all lands and times is an approach of the world's thought to our ,adon ,olam1 the sublime chant1 by means of which the ,jew has wrought and will further work the most momentous changes in the world4 ,w4 ,m4 ,,haffkine1 #aiaf4 ,,the ,,shema #8,,hear1 ,o ,israel1 the ,lord is our ,god1 the ,lord is one4' ,that is at once the quintessential embodiment of all our philosophy1 as well as chief among ,israel's contributions to the everlasting truths of religion4 ,the first prayer of innocent child-lips1 the last confession of the dying1 the ,shema has been the watchword and the rallying-cry of a hundred generations in ,israel4 ,by it were they welded into one ,brotherhood to do the will of their ,father who is in heaven4 ,the reading of the ,shema hasin rabbinic phraseclothed ,israel with invincible lion-strength1 and endowed him with the double-edged sword of the spirit against the unutterable terrors of his long night of exile4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aiab4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,when men in prayer declare the ,unity of the ,holy ,name in love and reverence1 the walls of earth's darkness are cleft in twain1 and the ,face of the ,heavenly ,king is revealed1 lighting up the universe4 ,,zohar4 #8,,the ,,soul ,,thou ,,hast ,,given ,,me ,,is ,,pure' ,,next to ,god's unity1 the most essential and characteristic doctrine of ,judaism is that concerning ,god's relation to man4 ,heathenism degraded man by making him kneel before brutes and the works of his hand3 ,judaism declared man to be made in the image of ,god1 the crown and culmination of ,god's creation1 the appointed ruler of the earth4 ,in him1 as the end of ,creation1 the earthly and the divine are singularly blended4 ,judaism rejects the idea of an inherent impurity in the flesh or in matter as opposed to the spirit4 ,nor does ,judaism accept the doctrine of ,original ,sin4 ,in the words of the daily morning prayer1 #8,the soul that ,thou hast given me is pure1 ,thou hast created it1 ,thou hast fashioned it1 and ,thou hast breathed it into me1 and ,thou preservest it within me1 and at the appointed time ,thou wilt take it from me to return it within me in the future'4 ,k4 ,,kohler1 #aijd1 in ,jewish ,encyclopedia4 ,,the #8,,merit ,,of ,,the ,,fathers' ,,judaism insists that man has an inborn impulse to virtue 7#8,original ,virtue'7 which can overcome all temptation to sin2 an impulse immeasurably strengthened through the merit of the fathers 7,zechuth ,aboth7 which is accounted unto their children as righteousness4 ,that man is best able to advance on the road to moral perfection who starts with the accumulated spiritual heritage of righteous ancestors4 ,s4 ,,levy1 #aije4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the old ,jewish doctrine of the #8merit of the fathers' has a counterpartthe idea that the righteousness of the living child favourably affects the fate of the dead father4 ,this might be called the doctrine of the #8merit of the children'4 ,in this way the living and the dead hold converse4 ,the real message of the dead istheir virtue4 ,the real response of the living is againtheir virtue4 ,thus is a bridge built over the chasm of the tomb4 ,thus do the hearts of fathers and children beat in eternal unison4 ,i4 ,,abrahams1 #aiai4 ,,the ,,kaddish ,,its origin is mysterious2 angels are said to have brought it down from heaven and taught it to men4 ,about this prayer the tenderest threads of filial feeling and human recollection are entwined2 for it is the prayer of the orphans6 ,when the father or the mother dies1 the surviving sons are to recite it twice daily1 morning and evening1 throughout the year of mourning1 and then also on each recurring anniversary of the deathon the ,yahrzeit4 ,it possesses wonderful power4 ,truly1 if there is any bond strong and indissoluble enough to chain heaven to earth1 it is this prayer4 ,it keeps the living together1 and forms the bridge to the mysterious realm of the dead4 ,one might almost say that this prayer is the watchman and the guardian of the people by whom alone it is uttered2 therein lies the warrant of its continuance4 ,can a people disappear and be annihilated so long as a child remembers its parents8 ,it may sound strange3 in the midst of the wildest dissipation has this prayer recalled to his better self many a dissolute character1 so that he has bethought himself and for a time at least purified himself by honouring the memory of his parents4 ,because this prayer is a resurrection in the spirit of the perishable in man1 because it does not acknowledge death1 because it permits the blossom which1 withered1 has fallen from the tree of mankind to flower and develop again in the human heart1 therefore it possesses sanctifying power4 ,to know that when thou diest1 the earth falling on thy head will not cover thee entirely2 to know that there remain behind1 those who1 wherever they may be on this wide earth1 whether they may be poor or rich1 will send this prayer after thee2 to know that thou leavest them no house1 no estate1 no field by which they must remember thee1 and that yet they will cherish thy memory as their dearest inheritancewhat more satisfying knowledge canst thou ever hope for8 ,and such is the knowledge bequeathed to us all by the ,kaddish4 ,l4 ,,kompert4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the souls of the righteous are in the hand of ,god1 and no torment shall touch them4 ,they are in peace4 ,their hope is full of immortality4 ,,wisdom ,,of ,,solomon #c4 #a1 #c1 #d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,and they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament2 and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever4 ,,daniel #ab4 #c4 ,,the ,,holiness ,,of ,,home ,,it is impossible to describe to those who have not experienced it1 the feeling of holy joy which is diffused throughout the humblest ,hebrew home by the solemn repetition of acts which in themselves may be regarded as mere customs1 without vital connexion with the souls of men4 ,and the particular institution in which it is embodied most characteristically is that of the ,sabbath4 ,i do not know how it has come about that a #8,judaic ,sabbath' means a day of austere gloom4 ,as a matter of fact1 it is the one bright spot in the ,jewish life4 ,all is joy and good-humour in the ,jewish home on the ,friday night1 when ,sabbath #8comes in'4 ,i would attribute a good deal of the difference between the ,jewish and the ,christian ,sabbath to the seemingly mechanical difference that the former begins and ends at an hour when its advent or exit can be solemnized by ceremonial4 ,it is1 indeed1 to the ,sabbath primarily1 and the other home ceremonials which embody the ,hebraic conception of the ,holiness of the ,home1 that we can trace the remarkable persistence of the ,jewish race through the ages4 ,,joseph ,,jacobs1 #ahhi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the patriarchal feeling still lingers about his hearth4 ,a man1 however fallen1 who loves his home1 is not wholly lost4 ,the trumpet of ,sinai still sounds in the ,hebrew ear4 ,,benjamin ,,disraeli4 ,,kindling ,,the ,,sabbath ,,light ,,from memory's spring flows a vision to-night1 ,my mother is kindling and blessing the light2 ,the light of ,queen ,sabbath1 the heavenly flame1 ,that one day in seven quells hunger and shame4 ,my mother is praying and screening her face1 ,too bashful to gaze at the ,sabbath light's grace4 ,she murmurs devoutly1 #8,almighty1 be blessed1 ,for sending ,thy angel of joy and of rest4 #8,and may as the candles of ,sabbath divine ,the eyes of my son in ,thy ,law ever shine4' ,of childhood1 fair childhood1 the years are long fled3 ,youth's candles are quenched1 and my mother is dead4 ,and yet ev'ry ,friday1 when twilight arrives1 ,the face of my mother within me revives2 ,a prayer on her lips1 #8,o ,almighty1 be blessed1 ,for sending us ,sabbath1 the angel of rest4' ,and some hidden feeling ,i cannot control ,a ,sabbath light kindles deep1 deep in my soul4 ,p4 ,m4 ,,raskin4 ,,come1 my beloved1 with chorusing praise1 ,welcome the ,sabbath ,bride1 ,queen of the days4 ,sabbath1 to welcome thee1 joyous we haste2 ,fountain of blessing from ever thou wast1 ,first in ,god's planning1 though fashioned the last ,crown of ,his handiwork1 chiefest of days4 ,city of holiness1 filled are the years2 ,up from thine overthrow6 ,forth from thy fears6 ,long hast thou dwelt in the valley of tears1 ,now shall ,god's tenderness shepherd thy ways4 ,wake and bestir thee1 for come is thy light6 ,up6 ,with thy shining the world shall be bright4 ,sing6 ,for thy ,lord is revealed in ,his might ,thine is the splendour ,his glory displays6 ,,solomon ,,halevi ,,alkabetz1 #afth cent4 7,trans4 ,s4 ,solis-,cohen47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,far more than ,israel has kept the ,sabbath1 it is the ,sabbath that has kept ,israel4 ,,achad ,,ha',,am1 #ahih4 ,,sabbath ,,prayer ,,blessed be the name of the ,sovereign of the universe4 ,blessed be ,thy crown and ,thy abiding-place4 ,let ,thy favour rest with ,thy people ,israel for ever3 show them the redemption of ,thy right hand in ,thy holy temple4 ,vouchsafe unto us the benign gift of ,thy light1 and in mercy accept our supplications4 ,may it be ,thy will to prolong our life in well-being4 ,let me also be numbered among the righteous1 so that ,thou mayest be merciful unto me1 and have me in ,thy keeping1 with all that belong to me and to ,thy people ,israel4 ,thou art ,he that feedeth and sustaineth all2 ,thou art ,he that ruleth over all2 ,thou art ,he that ruleth over kings1 for dominion is ,thine4 ,i am the servant of the ,holy ,one1 blessed be ,he1 before whom and before whose glorious ,law ,i prostrate myself at all times2 not in man do ,i put my trust1 nor upon any angel do ,i rely1 but upon the ,god of ,heaven1 who is the ,god of truth1 and whose ,law is truth1 and whose prophets are prophets of truth1 and who aboundeth in deeds of goodness and truth4 ,in ,him ,i put my trust1 and unto ,his holy and glorious name ,i utter praises4 ,may it be ,thy will to open my heart unto ,thy ,law1 and to fulfil the wishes of my heart and of the hearts of all ,thy people ,israel for good1 for life1 and for peace4 ,,zohar4 ,,the ,,sabbath ,,not for us the ,sabbath of the quiet streets1 ,sabbath1 peaceful o'er the world outspread1 ,felt where every man his neighbour greets1 ,heard in hush of many a slowly passing tread4 ,not the robe of silence for our holy day3 ,noisy run the worker and the player2 ,toil and stir and laughter of the way ,surge around the steps that seek a place of prayer4 ,silent we1 while through the thronging street and mart ,work-day clamour of the city rolls3 ,cloistered inly1 from the world apart1 ,ours it is to bear the ,sabbath in our souls4 ,,nina ,,salaman1 #aiah4 ,,prayer ,,before ,,the ,,new ,,moon ,,may it be ,thy will1 ,o ,lord our ,god and the ,god of our fathers1 to renew unto us this coming month for good and for blessing4 ,o grant us long life1 a life of blessing1 of sustenance1 of bodily vigour1 a life marked by the fear of ,heaven and the dread of sin1 a life free from shame and reproach2 a life in which the desires of our heart shall be fulfilled for good4 ,may the ,holy ,one1 blessed be ,he1 renew it unto us and unto all ,his people1 the house of ,israel1 for life and peace1 for gladness and joy1 for salvation and consolation2 and let us say1 ,amen4 ,,daily ,,prayer ,,book4 ,,the ,,seder#fd ,,fair is the twilight1 ,and fragrant and still3 ,little by little ,the synagogues fill4 ,one by one kindle ,the night's gleaming eyes2 ,candles in windows ,and stars in the skies4 ,ended in ,shool is ,the service divine2 ,seder is started ,with legends and wine4 ,father is blessing ,the night of all nights2 ,all who are hungry ,to feast he invites4 #8,all who are homeless ,yet masters shall be1 ,slaves who are this year ,the next shall be free6' ,children ask #8questions'1 ,and father replies2 ,playfully sparkle ,the wine and the eyes4 ,hymns of redemption ,all merrily sing2 ,queen is each mother1 ,each father a king4 ,midnight4 ,the ,seder ,is come to an end2 ,guardian angels ,from heaven descend4 ,each one a message ,of liberty brings2 ,scattering blessings ,of peace from his wings4 ,p4 ,m4 ,,raskin4 ,,israel',s ,,watch-,,night ,,israel',s great watch-night dates its origin from the very ,deliverance it was to commemorate through all the coming years4 ,ah6 ,with what a delirious impatience did ,pharaoh's slaves await the midnight hour that was to be at once the knell of ,egypt's tyranny and the joy-note that announced their own freedom6 ,god ,himself had singled it out as the time for fulfilling ,his ancient promisesingled it out1 as the ,rabbins tell us in hyperbolical language1 from the days of creation itself4 ,too long had unrighteousness flourished4 ,too long had ,god seemed to slumber in ,his ,heaven2 but now ,he was to show that the cry of the oppressed had never failed to reach ,him1 for accumulated wrongs were to be redressed by a complete and unparalleled deliverance4 ,it was for so signal a vindication of the ,divine justice that this night was reserved4 ,it was as though the ,supreme had set ,his finger upon this night1 in the almanac of ,heaven1 and declared3 ,this shall witness the long-deferred triumph of ,right over ,might2 this shall tell for all time that ,i am the ,lord1 that ,i reign1 and that righteousness and justice are the foundation of ,my throne1 the principles on which ,i govern ,my world4 ,this night shall show to all coming generations that it is only the fool who says in his heart #8,there is no ,god'2 that the earthly despot who pursues his career of cruelty1 thinking that he has only his victims' tears to reckon with1 is deluding himself to his own ruin4 ,and is this truth not worth treasuring in these latter days8 ,often does ,god seem to hide ,himself1 to have deserted earth and shut ,himself up in ,heaven4 ,it is the souls of the meek and the faithful from which humanity's tears are distilled1 from which the painful chorus of a world's lament goes up1 and seemingly up in vain4 ,but the lesson taught to ,pharaoh and to ,israel on that awful1 that joyous night of deliverance1 is still a living lesson2 not one jot of its force is abated4 ,god neither slumbers nor sleeps4 ,he watches ever4 ,not one sigh passes unrecorded in the ,heavenly ,volume4 ,,morris ,,joseph1 #ahic4 ,,passover ,,and ,,freedom ,,passover is the ,festival of ,spring4 ,its human appeal1 therefore1 is as old as humanity1 and as perennial as ,spring4 ,but it is as an historical festival1,israel's birthdayas the annual commemoration of an event which has changed the destinies of mankind1 that it proclaims the man-redeeming truth1 ,god is the ,god of ,freedom4 ,even as in ,egypt ,he espoused the cause of brick-making helots against the mighty royal oppressor1 ,he for ever judgeth the world in righteousness1 and the peoples with equity4 ,there is an overruling ,providence that exalts righteousness and freedom and humbles the ,dominion of iniquity and oppression4 ,this teaching has been as a light unto the nations of the ,western world in their weary1 age-long warfare for liberty4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aiah4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,passover affirms the great truth that liberty is the inalienable right of every human being4 ,the ,feast of ,israel's freedom1 its celebration is ,israel's homage to the great principle of human freedom4 ,,morris ,,joseph1 #aijc4 #8,,addir ,,hu' ,,god of ,might1 ,god of ,right1 ,thee we give all glory4 ,thine the praise ,in our days ,as in ages hoary4 ,when we hear1 ,year by year1 ,our redemption's story1 ,now as erst1 ,when ,thou first ,mad'st the proclamation1 ,warning loud ,ev'ry proud1 ,ev'ry tyrant nation1 ,we ,thy fame ,still proclaim1 ,god of our salvation4 ,g4 ,,gottheil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,when the ,egyptian hosts were drowning in the ,red ,sea1 the angels in heaven were about to break forth in songs of jubilation4 ,but the ,holy ,one1 blessed be ,he1 silenced them with the words3 #8,my creatures are perishing1 and ye are ready to sing6' ,,talmud4 ,,the ,,feast ,,of ,,weeks ,,for ever1 ,o ,lord1 ,thy word is settled in heaven4 ,thy faithfulness is unto all generations3 ,thou hast established the earth1 and it abideth4 ,they abide this day according to ,thine ordinances2 ,for all things are ,thy servants4 ,unless ,thy law had been my delight1 ,i should then have perished in mine affliction4 ,i have seen an end of all perfection2 ,but ,thy commandment is exceeding broad4 ,thy commandments make me wiser than mine enemies2 ,for they are ever with me4 ,i have more understanding than all my teachers2 ,for ,thy testimonies are my meditation4 ,i understand more than the aged1 ,because ,i have kept ,thy precepts4 ,i have refrained my feet from every evil way1 ,that ,i might observe ,thy word4 ,i have not turned aside from ,thy judgements2 ,for ,thou hast taught me4 ,,psalm #aai4 #ijb2 #if2 #ihajb4 ,a ,,self-,,denying ,,guild ,,is there not something spiritually attractive in the idea of the ,jew of this age voluntarily submitting to restrictions on his appetites for the sake of dutyforming one of a religious guild whose special characteristic is self-control8 ,it ought to be the pride of the modern ,jewand every child should be taught to feel itthat his religion demands from him a self-abnegation from which other religionists are absolved2 that the price to be paid for the privilege of belonging to the hierarchy of ,israel is continuous and conscious self-sacrifice4 ,the ,dietary ,laws foster this spirit of self-surrender4 ,respect for them teaches and helps the ,jew1 in ,rabbinic language1 to abase his desires before the will of his ,father in ,heaven4 ,,morris ,,joseph1 #ahic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,with everlasting love ,thou hast loved the house of ,israel1 ,thy people2 a ,law and commandments1 statutes and judgements1 hast ,thou taught us4 ,therefore1 ,o ,lord our ,god1 when we lie down and when we rise up we will meditate on ,thy statutes2 yea1 we will rejoice in the words of ,thy ,law and in ,thy commandments for ever2 for they are our life and the length of our days4 ,,daily ,,prayer ,,book4 ,,could we with ink the ocean fill1 ,were every blade of grass a quill1 ,were the world of parchment made1 ,and every man a scribe by trade1 ,to write the love ,of ,god above ,would drain that ocean dry2 ,nor would the scroll ,contain the whole1 ,though stretched from sky to sky6 ,,meir ,,ben ,,isaac ,,nehora1 #ajej4 ,,the ,,bible ,,is it a book1 a world1 a heaven8 ,are those words1 or flames1 or shining stars1 ,or burning torches1 or clouds of fire ,what is it1 ,i ask yethe ,bible8 ,who inspired those infinite truths8 ,who spoke through the mouth of the prophet8 ,who mapped out the highways of ages1 ,the glorious lines of the ,scriptures8 ,who planted the flowers of wisdom ,in this sacred soil of the angels8 ,o dream of eternity,bible ,o ,light that is all and for ever4 ,,morris ,,rosenfeld1 #aiah4 ,,the ,,sepher ,,torah#fe ,,for any community of people to be1 and to remain1 ,jewish1 they must be brought up from their tenderest childhood to regard the ,sepher ,torah as the title-deed of their birthright and pedigree1 which they are religiously to hand down unaltered from generation to generation4 ,for is there a ,jewish community anywhere1 however safely domiciled1 which has relinquished the ,torah for even one generation and has survived that separation8 ,the ,jewish masses1 though dispersed to the four winds of the world and mostly destitute of mere shelterbecause tenacious of their creed1 endure1 true to themselves and to their past4 ,the ,torah1 therefore1 is a fountain of life4 ,in it is protection greater than in fortresses4 ,those who forsake the ,torah1 bringing it into disrepute and weakening the hold it has on us1 are working at the destruction of the brotherhood that cradled and sheltered their fathers and forefathers through all the vicissitudes of the bygone ages1 to whom they owe their own life and presence on earth4 ,w4 ,m4 ,,haffkine1 #aiag4 ,,religion ,,and ,,morality #8,i ,,am the ,lord thy ,god'the pronouncement that forms the introduction to the ,decalogueis rightly regarded as the indispensable basis for all the ,commandments1 upon whose conscientious fulfilment the well-being of humanity depends4 ,the identification of moral laws with religious precepts1 which has been so fully accomplished for the first time in the ,law of ,moses1 gives to the ,bible its exceptional importance as a regulator of the conduct of men and of nations4 ,those who are convinced that by wronging their fellow-men1 or transgressing any of the established laws1 they violate a command that comes from ,god1 and defy the will of their ,maker as expressed in ,his law1 are much less liable to wrongdoing than those who create their own ethical theories and set up their own standards of right and wrong1 relying upon their conscience and sense of honour as infallible guides4 ,to some it seems a kind of humiliation if a super-human authority is pointed to as the indispensable guide of human conduct4 ,but man ought never to have assumed such pride as to feel humiliated by the idea of his imperfection and his need of guidance and restraint4 ,history does not justify this pride4 ,,salis ,,daiches1 #aiaj4 ,,symbols ,,and ,,ceremonies ,,you have heard that in ,egypt the waters of the ,nile overflowing its banks1 take the place of rain2 and that these fructifying waters are led by various channels into the remote fields to irrigate them4 ,now1 the ,nile with its precious floods would be of no benefit to the fields without these channels4 ,thus it is with the ,torah and the ,mitzvoth4#ff ,the ,torah is the mighty stream of spirituality flowing since ancient times through ,israel4 ,it would have caused no useful fruits to grow1 and would have produced no spiritual progress1 no moral advancement1 had the ,mitzvah not been there to lead its divine floods into the houses1 the hearts1 and the minds of the individual members of the people1 by connecting practical life in all its variety and its activities with the spiritual truths of religion4 ,it is the greatest mistake1 based on an entire misunderstanding of human nature1 to assume that men are capable of living in a world of ideas only1 and can dispense with symbols that should embody these ideas and give them tangibility and visible form4 ,only the ,mitzvah is the ladder connecting heaven and earth4 ,the ,tefillin1 containing among others the commandment3 #8,thou shalt love the ,lord thy ,god with all thine heart1 with all thy soul1 and with all thy might'1 are laid on the head1 the seat of thought1 and on the arm1 the instrument of action1 opposite to the heart1 the seat of feeling2 thus teaching that all our thoughts1 feelings1 and actions must conform to the will of ,god4 ,this ,mitzvah1 performed daily1 has contributed more effectively to preserve and to further the morality of our people than have all the learned books on ethics written by our religious philosophers4 ,m4 ,,jung1 #aiag4 ,,custom ,,in ,,religion ,,religion1 they say1 is only custom4 ,i might agree with this if the #8only' were left out4 ,customs are the flowers of civilization4 ,you can tell a man's education1 yea1 even much of his character1 by his habits4 ,morality1 ethics1 are words derived from roots denoting that which is acknowledged and adopted by the people as right and proper4 ,manners and usages are the silent compact1 the unwritten law which preserve the proprieties of civilized society4 ,religion will not come to our aid the moment we call for her2 she must be loved and cherished at all times if she is to prove our true friend in need4 ,much of the present indifference of our young people is directly traceable to the absence of all religious observances in their homes4 ,piety is the fruit of religious customs4 ,g4 ,,gottheil1 #ahif4 #8,,in ,,accordance ,,with ,,the ,,times' ,,was ,judaism ever #8in accordance with the times'8 ,did ,judaism ever correspond with the views of dominant contemporaries8 ,was it ever convenient to be a ,jew or a ,jewess8 ,was the ,judaism of our ancestors in accordance with the times1 when compelled by the ,egyptians to bend their necks during centuries under the yoke of slavery and to suffer their babes to be buried in the waves of the ,nile8 ,was the ,judaism of the ,maccabees in accordance with their times1 when they resisted to the utmost the introduction of ,grecian manners prevailing in their days8 ,when the ,temple at ,jerusalem was destroyed by the ,romans and the sons of ,judah were slaughtered1 sold in slave markets1 cast before wild beasts or scattered through every country then known2 when ,worldly ,wisdom would have taught1 #8,now it is certainly impossible for us to remain ,jews'did not the ,hillels#fg and the son of ,zakkai#fh teach yet more earnestly the holiness of our laws and our customs1 and so order and regulate things that not a fibre might be lost from the ancestral sanctuary8 ,was that ,judaism in accordance with the times1 for which1 during the centuries following the ,dispersion1 our fathers suffered in all lands1 through all the various periods1 the most degrading oppression1 the most biting contempt1 and a thousand-fold death and persecution8 ,and yet we would make it the aim and scope of ,judaism to be always #8in accordance with the times'6 ,,samson ,,raphael ,,hirsch1 #ahed4 7,trans4 ,isaac ,leeser47 ,,faith ,,while faith and reason are blended in the religion of ,israel as perhaps in no other1 it is not the second place that must be assigned to faith4 ,from the foot of ,sinai there is wafted to us the voice declaring with the most perfect childlike faith1 #8,all that the ,lord hath spoken we will do and we will hear'4 ,it is not surprising that a people who1 in their infancy1 could give utterance to an expression of trust so childlike1 yet so sublime1 should produce a prophet who summed up the whole of ,israel's law in the words1 #8,the just shall live by his faith'4 ,,simeon ,,singer1 #aijf4 ,,ode ,,to ,,zion 7,,hymn ,,for ,,the ,,fast ,,of ,,ab7 ,,art thou not1 ,zion1 fain ,to send forth greetings from thy sacred rock ,unto thy captive train1 ,who greet thee as the remnants of thy flock8 ,take ,thou on every side1 ,east1 west and south and north1 their greetings multiplied4 ,sadly he greets thee still1 ,the prisoner of hope who1 day and night1 ,sheds ceaseless tears1 like dew on ,hermon's hill4 ,would that they fell upon thy mountain's height6 ,harsh is my voice when ,i bewail thy woes1 ,but when in fancy's dreams ,i see thy freedom1 forth its cadence flows1 ,sweet as the harps that hung by ,babel's streams4 ,the glory of the ,lord will ever be ,thy sole and perfect light2 ,no need hast thou then1 to illumine thee ,of sun by day1 or moon and stars by night4 ,i would that1 where ,god's spirit was of yore ,poured out unto thy holy ones1 ,i might ,there too my soul outpour4 ,oh1 who will lead me on ,to seek the spots where1 in far distant years1 ,the angels in their glory dawned upon ,thy messengers and seers6 ,oh1 who will give me wings ,that ,i may fly away1 ,and there1 at rest from all my wanderings1 ,the ruins of my heart among thy ruins lay8 ,i'll bend my face unto thy soil1 and hold ,thy stones as special gold4 ,and when in ,hebron ,i have stood beside ,my fathers' tombs1 then will ,i pass in turn ,thy plains and forest wide1 ,until ,i stand on ,gilead and discern ,mount ,hor and ,mount ,abarim1 'neath whose crest ,thy luminaries twain1 thy guides and beacons rest4 ,thy air is life unto my soul1 thy grains ,of dust are myrrh1 thy streams with honey flow ,naked and barefoot to thy ruined fanes ,how gladly would ,i go6 ,to where the ark was treasured1 and in dim ,recesses dwelt the holy cherubim4 ,perfect in beauty1 ,zion1 how in thee ,do love and grace unite6 ,the souls of thy companions tenderly ,turn unto thee2 thy joy was their delight1 ,and weeping they lament thy ruin now4 ,in distant exile1 for thy sacred height ,they long1 and towards thy gates in prayer they bow4 ,shinar and ,pathros6 come they near to thee8 ,naught are they by thy light and right divine4 ,to what can be compared the majesty ,of thy anointed line8 ,to what the singers1 seers1 and ,levites thine8 ,the rule of idols fails and is cast down2 ,thy power eternal is1 from age to age thy crown4 ,the ,lord desires thee for ,his dwelling-place ,eternally1 and bless'd ,is he whom ,god has chosen for the grace ,within thy courts to rest4 ,happy is he that watches1 drawing near1 ,until he sees thy glorious lights arise1 ,and over whom thy dawn breaks full and clear1 ,set in the ,orient skies4 ,but happiest he1 who1 with exultant eyes1 ,the bliss of thy redeemed ones shall behold1 ,and see thy youth renewed as in the days of old4 ,,yehudah ,,halevi1 #aade4 7,trans4 ,alice ,lucas47 ,,the ,,eternal ,,city ,,of ,,the ,,eternal ,,people ,,jerusalem1 the hearth of pure religion1 the home of prophecy1 the sacred fountain of the word of ,god1 is the very emblem of the deathlessness of the spirit4 ,with its #d1jjj years' history it is coeval with the ,jew1 and is as unique among cities as is ,israel among the nations4 ,like the ,jew1 this ,holy ,city of ,israelthe spiritual capital of humanity that has for ages been the magnetic pole of the love and reverence of mankindis deathless2 fire and sword and all the engines of destruction have been hurled against it in vain4 ,a score of conquerors have held it as their choicest prize2 and more than a dozen times has it been utterly destroyed4 ,the ,assyrians burnt it and deported its population2 the ,romans slew a million of its inhabitants1 razed it to the ground1 passed the ploughshare over it1 and strewed its furrows with salt2 ,hadrian banished its very name from the lips of men1 changed it to #8,aelia ,capitolina'1 and prohibited any ,jew from entering its precincts on pain of death4 ,persians and ,arabs1 ,barbarians and ,crusaders and ,turks1 took it and retook it1 ravaged it and burnt it2 and yet1 marvellous to relate1 it ever rises from its ashes to renewed life and glory4 ,and now1 on the very day that #b1jhj years ago ,judah ,maccabee rescued it from the heathens1 the ,holy ,city has passed into ,british occupation6 ,what a privilege it is to have lived to see such a world-historic event6 ,a new future1 with undreamt-of possibilities1 opens before this eternal city of the eternal people4 ,but in the future1 as in the past1 it will proclaim the prophetic teaching of the ,maccabean festival3 #8,not by might1 nor by power1 but by ,my spirit1 saith the ,lord of ,hosts'4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 at the ,thanksgiving ,service for the ,taking of ,jerusalem by ,h4 ,m4 ,forces1 #aiag4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,arise1 shine1 for thy light is come ,and the glory of the ,lord is risen upon thee4 ,lift up thine eyes round about1 and see3 ,they all are gathered together1 and come to thee2 ,thy sons come from far1 ,and thy daughters are borne on the side4 ,then thou shalt see and be radiant1 ,and thy heart shall throb and be enlarged4 ,whereas thou hast been forsaken and hated1 ,so that no man passed through thee1 ,i will make thee an eternal excellency1 ,a joy of many generations4 ,thy sun shall no more go down1 ,neither shall thy moon withdraw itself1 ,for the ,lord shall be thine everlasting light1 ,and the days of thy mourning shall be ended4 ,,isaiah #fj4 #a1 #de1 #ae1 #bj4 ,,new ,,year ,,into the tomb of ages past ,another year hath now been cast2 ,shall time unheeded take its flight1 ,nor leave one ray of higher light ,that on man's pilgrimage may shine ,and lead his soul to spheres divine8 ,ah6 which of us1 if self-reviewed1 ,can boast unfailing rectitude8 ,who can declare his wayward will ,more prone to righteous deed than ill8 ,or1 in his retrospect of life1 ,no traces find of passion's strife8 ,with firm resolve your bosoms nerve ,the ,god of right alone to serve2 ,speech1 thought1 and act to regulate ,by what ,his perfect laws dictate2 ,nor from ,his holy precepts stray1 ,by worldly idols lured away4 ,peace to the house of ,israel3 ,may joy within it ever dwell6 ,,penina ,,mo,,se1 #ahch4 ,,written ,,and ,,sealed #8,,to be inscribed in the ,book of ,life4' ,this must be understood in a spiritual sense4 ,when a man clings to the love of ,god1 and1 putting his trust in ,his infinite mercy1 takes upon himself the yoke of the ,kingdom of heavenhe therewith inscribes himself in the ,book of ,life4 ,whereas the man1 a slave to his passions1 who so loses his belief in the all-embracing love of ,god that he fails to repent and return to his ,father in heaven1 this despairing of the love of ,god is equivalent to his being inscribed,god forbidin the ,book of ,death4 ,,israel ,,baalshem1 #agjj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,in a higher than their literal sense the words of the liturgy are true4 ,our destinyour spiritual destinyis written down on ,new ,year's ,day and sealed on the ,day of ,atonement4 ,we write it down in the penitence with which we greet the dawn of the year1 we seal it with the amendment which we solemnly vow on the ,fast of ,kippur4 ,the time for penitence is with us2 the ,fast with its supreme task awaits us4 ,let our endeavours to see ourselves as we really are1 our sorrow for our shortcomings1 the unrest of our unshriven soul1 prepare us for the final act of atonement4 ,the ,day of ,atonement shall lead us1 with hearts bowed in submission1 to the ,divine throne2 and ,god will lovingly lift us up1 absolved1 forgiven1 filled with the spirit of faith and loving obedience4 ,we shall begin to live at last1 to live before ,him1 to live the true life which is inspired by the constant thought of ,his presence4 ,,morris ,,joseph4 ,,the ,,shofar ,,the ,scriptural injunction of the ,shofar for the ,new ,year's ,day has a profound meaning4 ,it says3 ,awake1 ye sleepers1 and ponder your deeds2 remember your ,creator1 and go back to ,him in penitence4 ,be not of those that miss realities in their hunt after shadows1 and waste their years in seeking after vain things which cannot profit or deliver4 ,look well to your souls and consider your acts2 forsake each of you his evil ways and thoughts1 and return to ,god1 so that ,he may have mercy upon you4 ,,moses ,,maimonides1 #aahj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,for this commandment which ,i command thee this day1 it is not too hard for thee1 neither is it far off4 ,it is not in heaven that thou shouldst say3 #8,who shall go up for us to heaven1 and bring it unto us1 and make us to hear it1 that we may do it8' ,neither is it beyond the sea1 that thou shouldst say3 #8,who shall go over the sea for us1 and bring it unto us1 and make us to hear it1 that we may do it8' ,but the word is very nigh unto thee1 in thy mouth1 and in thy heart1 that thou mayest do it4 ,,deuteronomy #cj4 #aaad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,lord is my light and my salvation2 whom shall ,i fear8 ,the ,lord is the stronghold of my life2 of whom shall ,i be afraid8 ,,psalm #bg4 #a4 ,,my ,,king ,,ere time began1 ere age to age had thrilled1 ,i waited in ,his storehouse1 as ,he willed4 ,he gave me being2 but1 my years fulfilled1 ,i shall be summoned back before the ,king4 ,thou gavest me a light my path to guide1 ,to prove my heart's recesses still untried2 ,and as ,i went1 ,thy voice in warning cried3 #8,child6 fear thou ,him who is thy ,god and ,king6' ,erring1 ,i wandered in the wilderness1 ,in passion's grave nigh sinking1 powerless2 ,now deeply ,i repent1 in sore distress1 ,that ,i kept not the statutes of the ,king6 ,thine is the love1 ,o ,god1 and ,thine the grace ,that folds the sinner in its mild embrace2 ,thine the forgiveness bridging o'er the space ',twixt man's works and the task set by the ,king4 ,unheeding all my sins1 ,i cling to ,thee6 ,i know that mercy will ,thy footstool be2 ,before ,i call1 oh6 do ,thou answer me1 ,for nothing dare ,i claim of ,thee1 my ,king4 ,,moses ,,ben ,,nachman1 #acjj4 7,trans4 ,alice ,lucas47 ,,the ,,lord ,,is ,,king1 ,,the ,,lord ,,was ,,king1 ,,the ,,lord ,,shall ,,be ,,king ,,for ,,ever ,,and ,,ever#fi ,,thy people in passionate worship cry ,one to another the ,lord is ,king4 ,in awe of the marvels beneath the sky ,each explains that the ,lord was ,king4 ,one sound from ,thy pastures ascends on high3 ,the chant that the ,lord shall be ,king for ever4 ,the ,lord is ,king1 the ,lord was ,king1 the ,lord shall be ,king for ever and ever4 ,the universe throbs with ,thy pauseless praise1 ,chorus eternal1 the ,lord is ,king4 ,thy glory is cried from the dawn of days1 ,worshippers calling the ,lord was ,king4 ,and ever the ,saints who shall witness ,thy ways ,shall cry that the ,lord shall be ,king for ever4 ,the ,lord is ,king1 the ,lord was ,king1 the ,lord shall be ,king for ever and ever4 ,,eleazar ,,kalir1 #hth cent4 7,trans4 ,i4 ,zangwill47 ,,if ,,not ,,higher ,,and the ,rebbe#gj of ,nemirov1 every ,friday ,morning early at ,sliches#ga-time1 disappeared1 melted into thin air6 ,he was not to be found anywhere1 either in the synagogue or in the two houses-of-study1 or worshipping in some ,minyan1#gb and most certainly not at home4 ,his door stood open1 people went in and out as they pleasedno one ever stole anything from the ,rebbebut there was not a soul in the house4 ,where can the ,rebbe be8 ,where should he be1 with the ,solemn ,days so near1 if not in heaven8 ,jews need a livelihood1 peace1 health2 they wish to be good and pious1 and their sins are great1 and ,satan with his thousand eyes spies out the world from one end to the other1 and he sees1 and accuses1 and tells talesand who shall help if not the ,rebbe8 ,so thought the people4 ,once1 however1 there came a ,lithuanianand he laughed6 ,you know the ,lithuanian ,jewsthey rather despise books of devotion1 but stuff themselves with the ,talmud and the ,codes4 ,and who1 ,i ask you1 is going to argue with a ,litvack8 ,what becomes of the ,rebbe8 #8,i don't know1 and ,i don't care'1 says he1 shrugging his shoulders1 and all the while 7what it is to be a ,lithuanian67 determined to find out6 ,the very same evening1 soon after prayers1 the ,lithuanian steals into the ,rebbe's room1 lays himself down under the ,rebbe's bed1 and lies low4 ,he intends to stay there all night1 to find out where the ,rebbe goes1 and what he does at ,sliches-time4 ,day has not broken when he hears the call to prayer4 ,the ,rebbe has been awake some time4 ,the ,lithuanian has heard him sighing and groaning for a whole hour4 ,whoever has heard the groaning of the ,nemirover ,rebbe knows what sorrow for ,all-,israel1 what distress of mind1 found voice in every groan4 ,after that the ,lithuanian hears the people rise and leave the house4 ,once more it is quiet and dark1 only a very little moonlight comes in through the shutter4 ,he confessed afterwards1 did the ,lithuanian1 that when he found himself alone with the ,rebbe1 terror took hold of him4 ,but a ,lithuanian is dogged4 ,he quivers and quakes like a fish1 but he does not budge4 ,at last the ,rebbe 7long life to him67 rises in his turn4 ,he goes to the wardrobe1 and takes out a packet which proves to be the dress of a peasant3 linen trousers1 high boots1 a pelisse1 a wide felt hat1 and a long and broad leather belt studded with brass nails4 ,the ,rebbe puts them on4 ,out of the pockets of the pelisse dangles the end of a thick cord1 a peasant's cord4 ,on his way out1 the ,rebbe steps aside into the kitchen1 stoops1 takes a hatchet from under the bed1 puts it into his belt1 and leaves the house4 ,the ,lithuanian trembles1 but he persists4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a fearful ,solemn ,day hush broods over the dark streets1 broken not infrequently by a cry of supplication from some little ,minyan1 or the moan of some sick person behind a window4 ,the ,rebbe keeps to the street side1 and walks in the shadow of the houses4 ,he glides from one to the other1 the ,lithuanian after him4 ,and the ,lithuanian hears the sound of his own heart-beats mingle with the heavy footfall of the ,rebbe2 but he follows on1 and together they emerge from the town4 ,behind the town stands a little wood4 ,the ,rebbe 7long life to him67 enters it4 ,he walks on thirty or forty paces1 and then he stops beside a small tree4 ,and the ,lithuanian1 with amazement1 sees the ,rebbe take his hatchet and strike the tree4 ,he sees the ,rebbe strike blow after blow1 he hears the tree creak and snap4 ,and the little tree falls1 and the ,rebbe splits it up into logs1 and the logs into splinters4 ,then he makes a bundle1 binds it round with the cord1 throws it on his shoulder1 replaces the hatchet in his belt1 leaves the wood1 and goes back into the town4 ,in one of the back streets he stops beside a poor1 tumble-down little house1 and taps at the window4 #8,who is there8' cries a frightened voice within4 ,the ,lithuanian knows it to be the voice of a ,jewess1 a sick ,jewess4 #8,i'1 answers the ,rebbe1 in the peasant tongue4 #8,who is ,i8' inquires the voice1 further4 ,and the ,rebbe answers again in the ,little-,russian speech3 #8,vassil4' #8,which ,vassil8 ,and what do you want1 ,vassil8' #8,i have wood to sell'1 says the sham peasant1 #8very cheap1 for next to nothing4' ,and without further ado he goes in4 ,the ,lithuanian steals in behind him1 and sees1 in the grey light of dawn1 a poor room with poor1 broken furniture4 ,in the bed lies a sick ,jewess huddled up in rags1 who says bitterly3 #8,wood to selland where am ,i1 a poor widow1 to get money to buy it8' #8,i will give you a six-groschen worth on credit4' #8,and how am ,i ever to repay you8' groans the poor woman4 #8,foolish creature6' the ,rebbe upbraids her4 #8,see here3 you are a poor sick ,jewess1 and ,i am willing to trust you with the little bundle of wood2 ,i believe that in time you will repay me4 ,and you1 you have such a great1 mighty ,god1 and you do not trust ,him6 ,not even to the amount of a miserable six groschen for a bundle of wood6' #8,and who is to light the stove8' groans the widow4 #8,do ,i look like getting up to do it1 and my son away at work8' #8,i will also light the stove for you'1 said the ,rebbe4 ,and the ,rebbe1 while he laid the wood in the stove1 repeated1 groaning1 the first part of the ,sliches4 ,then1 when the stove was alight and the wood crackled cheerily1 he repeated1 more gaily1 the second part of the ,sliches4 ,he repeated the third part when the fire had burnt itself out1 and he shut the stove doors4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,lithuanian1 who saw all this1 remained with the ,rebbe as one of his followers4 ,and1 later1 when any one told how the ,rebbe early every morning at ,sliches-time raised himself and flew up into heaven1 the ,lithuanian1 instead of laughing1 added quietly3 #8,if not higher4' ,j4 ,l4 ,,peretz4 7,trans4 ,helena ,frank47 ,,day ,,of ,,atonement ,,to ,thee we give ourselves to-day1 ,forgetful of the world outside2 ,we tarry in ,thy house1 ,o ,lord1 ,from eventide to eventide4 ,from ,thy all-searching1 righteous eye ,our deepest heart can nothing hide2 ,it crieth up to ,thee for peace ,from eventide to eventide4 ,who could endure1 shouldst ,thou1 ,o ,god1 ,as we deserve1 for ever chide8 ,we therefore seek ,thy pardoning grace ,from eventide to eventide4 ,o may we lay to heart how swift ,the years of life do onward glide2 ,so learn to live that we may see ,thy light at our life's eventide4 ,g4 ,,gottheil4 ,,forgive thy neighbour the hurt that he hath done thee2 ,and then thy sins shall be pardoned when thou prayest4 ,man cherisheth anger against man2 ,and doth he seek healing from the ,lord8 ,upon a man like himself he hath no mercy2 ,and doth he make supplication for his own sins8 ,,ecclesiasticus #bh4 #bd4 ,,the ,,message ,,of ,,yom ,,kippur ,,in large letters1 so that even he that runs may read1 does ,yom ,kippur spell forth the fundamentals of ,judaism1 of religion1 of the higher life of man4 ,sin is not an evil power whose chains the children of flesh must helplessly drag towards a weary tomb4 ,we can always shake off its yoke2 and what is more1 we need never assume its yoke4 ,an ancient fable tells us of distant oceans with mountainous rocks of magnet of such terrific power that wreck and ruin befell any ship venturing near them4 ,instantly the iron nails would fly out of the ship1 bolts and fastenings would be torn away by that magnetic force2 the vessel would become nothing more than so many planks of wood1 and all on board fall a prey to the hungry waters4 ,sins there are that1 likewise1 unhinge all our stays of character1 rob us of the restraints of past habits and education1 and leave us helpless playthings on the billows of temptation and passion4 ,yet a man is the pilot of his life's barque1 and can at all times steer it so as never to come near those mountains of destruction and death4 ,and1 secondly1 there is an atonement for man's sins4 ,we may repair the ravages of sin1 rebuild the shifting foundations of character1 and join again the sundered strands of our spiritual fabric4 ,we spurn the old pagan fatalism which declares that there is no forgiveness for sin4 ,nature provides some escape from physical disease2 shall the soul1 injured by temptation's fire1 scarred by sin1 not be able to recover its pristine strength and beauty8 ,no matter how harsh nature and man may seem1 the ,god of ,eternal ,right holds a deep pity that can atone and save1 bury not only sin1 but its grave and graveyard with it6 ,as clear as a bell resounds the third and greatest teaching of ,yom ,kippur3 man himself must prepare himself for atonement1 and no priest or mediator can prepare or work atonement for him4 ,virtue is victory by the individual himself over temptation that assails him4 ,the battle cannot be fought nor the victory won by another4 ,the human soul1 wandering on the devious labyrinthine paths of sin1 must itself essay to forsake the ,way of ,sorrow and proceed on the ,way of ,salvation4 ,this is the most splendid1 the most momentous fact in human life3 that though man cannot always even half control his destiny1 ,god has given the reins of man's conduct altogether into his hands4 ,no wonder that the ,synagogue has ever looked upon this day of prayer1 fasting1 and humiliation as a festival4 ,a generation or two ago our forefathers stood robed in white in the ,synagogue1 during the entire ,atonement ,day4 ,originally these white garments were not worn as reminders of the grave2 they were an outward sign of the festal character of this ,day1 appointed for life's spiritual renewal4 #8,when men are summoned before an earthly ruler'1 says the ,jerusalem ,talmud1 #8to defend themselves against some charge1 they appear downcast and dressed in black like mourners4 ,israel appears before ,god on the ,atonement ,day attired in white as if going to a feast1 because he is confident that as soon as he returns penitently to his ,maker1 ,he will not condemn1 but will abundantly pardon4' ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aijj4 #8,,forgiven'#gc ,,raise to ,thee this my plea1 take my pray'r1 ,sin unmake for ,thy sake and declare1 #8,forgiven6' ,tears1 regret1 witness set in sin's place2 ,uplift trust from the dust to ,thy face #8,forgiven6' ,voice that sighs1 tear-filled eyes1 do not spurn2 ,weigh and pause1 plead my cause1 and return #8,forgiven6' ,yea1 off-rolledas foretoldclouds impure1 ,zion's folk1 free of yoke1 ,o assure #8,forgiven6' ,,yomtob ,,of ,,york1 #aaij4 7,trans4 ,i4 ,zangwill47 ,,confession ,,shame-,,stricken1 bending low1 ,my ,god1 ,i come before ,thee1 for ,i know ,that even as ,thou on high ,exalted art in power and majesty1 ,so weak and frail am ,i3 ,that perfect as ,thou art1 ,so ,i deficient am in every part4 ,thou art all-wise1 all-good1 all-great1 divine1 ,yea1 ,thou art ,god3 eternity is ,thine2 ,while ,i1 a thing of clay1 ,the creature of a day1 ,pass shadow-like1 a breath1 that comes and flees away4 ,my ,god1 ,i know my sins are numberless1 ,more than ,i can recall to memory ,or tell their tale3 yet some will ,i confess1 ,even a few1 though as a drop it be ,in all the sea4 ,i will declare my trespasses and sin1 ,and peradventure silence then may fall ,upon their waves and billows' raging din1 ,and ,thou wilt hear from heaven1 when ,i call1 ,and pardon all4 ,my ,god1 if mine iniquity ,too great for all endurance be1 ,yet for ,thy name's sake pardon me4 ,for if in ,thee ,i may not dare ,to hope1 who else will hear my prayer8 ,therefore1 although ,thou slay me1 yet ,in ,thee my faith and trust is set3 ,and though ,thou seekest out my sin1 ,from ,thee to ,thee ,i fly to win ,a place of refuge1 and within ,thy shadow from ,thy anger hide1 ,until ,thy wrath be turned aside4 ,unto ,thy mercy ,i will cling ,until ,thou hearken1 pitying3 ,nor will ,i quit my hold of ,thee ,until ,thy blessing light on me4 ,remember1 ,o my ,god1 ,i pray1 ,how ,thou hast formed me out of clay1 ,what troubles set upon my way4 ,do ,thou not1 then1 my deeds requite ,according to my sins aright1 ,but with ,thy mercy infinite4 ,for well ,i know1 through good and ill1 ,that ,thou in love hast chastened still1 ,afflicting me in faithfulness1 ,that ,thou my latter end may'st bless4 ,,solomon ,,ibn ,,gabirol1 #ajej4 7,trans4 ,alice ,lucas47 ,,yom ,,kippur ,,meditations ,i ,,my soul1 be not senseless1 like a beast1 deeply sunk2be not drowsy1 with passion drunk4,hewn from reason's mind thou art2from wisdom's well thy waters start1from the ,lord's heavenly realm6 ,my soul1 let not the body's wanton pleasures capture thee1its showy treasures not enrapture thee2they melt awaylike the dew before the day1they avail naught when they begin1and their end is shame and sin4 ,my soul1 look carefully backon thy pilgrim's track2all cometh from the dust1and thither return it must4,whatever has been moulded and built1when its time is fulfilled1must go back to the groundwhere its material was found4,death is life's brother4,they keep fast to one another1each taking hold of one end of their plunder1and none can tear them asunder4,soon thou wilt cometo thine eternal home1where thou must show thy work and receive thy wageson rightful scales and gauges1or good or bad1 according to the worthof thy deeds on earth4 ,therefore get thee up1 and to thy ,master prayby night and day2bow down before ,him1 be meek1and let thy tears bedew thy cheek4,seek the ,lord1 thy ,light1with all thy might2walk in meekness1 pursue the right2so that with ,his mercy-screen the ,masterhide thee in the day of disaster4,then thou shalt shine like the heavens bright1and like the sun when going forth in might2and o'er thy headshall be spreadthe raysof the sun of gracethat bringshealing and joy in his wings4 ,,bachya ,,ibn ,,pakudah1 #ajdj4 7,trans4 ,m4 ,jastrow47 ,,ii ,,forget thine anguish1 ,vexed heart1 again4 ,why shouldst thou languish1 ,with earthly pain8 ,the husk shall slumber1 ,bedded in clay1 ,silent and sombre1 ,oblivion's prey4 ,but1 ,spirit immortal1 ,thou at ,death's portal ,tremblest with fear4 ,if he caress thee1 ,curse thee1 or bless thee1 ,thou must draw near1 ,from him the worth of thy works to hear4 ,why1 full of terror1 ,compassed with error1 ,trouble thy heart ,for thy mortal part8 ,the soul flies home ,the corpse is dumb4 ,of all thou didst have ,follows naught to the grave4 ,thou fliest thy nest1 ,swift as a bird to thy place of rest4 ,life is a vine-branch2 ,a vintager1 ,death4 ,he threatens and lowers ,more near with each breath4 ,then hasten1 arise6 ,seek ,god1 ,o my soul6 ,for time quickly flies1 ,still far is the goal4 ,vain heart praying dumbly1 ,learn to prize humbly ,the meanest of fare4 ,forget all thy sorrow1 ,behold1 death is there6 ,dove-like lamenting1 ,be full of repenting2 ,lift vision supernal ,to raptures eternal2 ,on every occasion ,seek lasting salvation4 ,pour thy heart out in weeping ,while others are sleeping4 ,pray to ,him when all's still1 ,performing ,his will4 ,and so shall the ,angel of ,peace be thy warden1 ,and guide thee at last to the heavenly garden4 ,,solomon ,,ibn ,,gabirol1 #ajej4 7,trans4 ,emma ,lazarus74 ,,the ,,infinite ,,mercies ,,of ,,god ,,the ,lord1 the ,lord is a merciful and gracious ,god1 slow to anger and abounding in lovingkindness and truth2 keeping lovingkindness for thousands1 forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin4 ,,exodus #cd4 #f1 #g4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,may it be ,thy will1 ,o ,god1 that we return to ,thee in perfect penitence1 so that we may not be ashamed to meet our fathers in the life to come4 ,unite our hearts1 ,o ,god1 to fear ,thy name2 keep us far from what ,thou hatest2 bring us near to what ,thou lovest2 and deal mercifully with us for ,thy name's sake4 ,may it be ,thy will1 ,o ,god1 that love and peace and brotherliness dwell among us6 ,may our hopes of ,heaven be fulfilled6 ,grant that the good inclination may uphold us4 ,fill us with the desire to fear ,thy name1 and do ,thou give us our soul's peace4 ,amen4 ,,talmud4 ,,brotherhood ,,at the beginning of the ,atonement service the most venerable men in the congregation solemnly repeat from the ,almemor#gd3 #8,with the permission of the ,court on ,high1 and with the permission of the ,congregation below1 we declare it permitted to pray with hardened transgressors'4 ,why this custom8 ,in some communities of the ,middle ,ages there were persons who1 by their conduct1 had placed themselves outside the pale of ,judaism2 cowardly apostates1 for example1 who sold their souls2 informers1 who spread broadcast false accusations against their brethren2 insubordinates1 outcasts1 criminals4 ,throughout the year these never sought spiritual fellowship with their brethren4 ,on ,yom ,kippur1 however1 they would steal into some corner of the synagogue and join the worshippers in prayer4 ,the ,rabbis thereupon instituted this solemn declaration1 in order to proclaim in most unmistakable terms that1 no matter what is a man's mode of lifeslanderer1 apostate1 outcasthe is still a brother4 #8,we have transgressed1 we have dealt treacherously1 we have robbed1' do we pray4 ,we associate ourselves with the most forlorn souls that sin in darkness1 because we recognize that societywe ourselvesare largely responsible for their actions4 ,many a time has our evil example misled others1 and become a stumbling-block in the way of the blind4 ,and all our ,yom ,kippur vows to rise to a higher life are useless1 unless we endeavour to raise others who have fallen4 ,a traveller was crossing mountain heights of untrodden snow alone4 ,he struggled bravely against the sense of sleep which weighed down his eyelids1 but it was fast stealing over him1 and he knew that if he fell asleep death would inevitably follow4 ,at this crisis his foot struck against a heap lying across his path4 ,stooping down1 he found it to be a human body half buried in the snow4 ,the next moment he held him in his arms1 and was rubbing and chafing the frozen man's limbs4 ,the effort to restore another unto life brought back to himself warmth and energy1 and was the means of saving both4 ,the same law obtains in the realm of the soul4 ,in order that our spiritual vitality may quicken into new life1 we must help others in highest matters of faith and hope4 #8,heaven's gate is shut ,to him who comes alone2 ,save thou a soul1 ,and it shall save thine own4' ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #ahih4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,will seek that which is lost1 and will bring again that which is driven away1 and will bind up that which is broken1 and will strengthen that which is sick4 ,,ezekiel #cd4 #af4 ,,atonement ,,promise ,,and ,,admonition ,i ,,seek ye the ,lord while ,he may be found1 ,call ye upon ,him while ,he is near2 ,let the wicked forsake his way1 ,and the man of iniquity his thoughts2 ,and let him return unto the ,lord1 ,and ,he will have compassion upon him1 ,and to our ,god1 for ,he will abundantly pardon4 ,for ,my thoughts are not your thoughts1 ,neither are your ways ,my ways1 saith the ,lord4 ,for as the heavens are higher than the earth1 ,so are ,my ways higher than your ways1 ,and ,my thoughts than your thoughts4 ,for as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven1 ,and returneth not thither1 ,except it water the earth1 ,and make it bring forth and bud1 ,and give seed to the sower and bread to the eater2 ,so shall ,my word be that goeth forth out of ,my mouth3 ,it shall not return unto ,me void1 ,except it accomplish that which ,i please1 ,and make the thing whereto ,i sent it prosper4 ,,isaiah #ee4 #faa4 ,,ii ,,then shall thy light break forth as the morning1 ,and thy healing shall spring forth speedily2 ,and thy righteousness shall go before thee1 ,the glory of the ,lord shall be thy rearward4 ,then shalt thou call1 and the ,lord shall answer2 ,thou shalt cry1 and ,he will say3 #8,here ,i am4' ,if thou take away from the midst of thee the yoke1 ,the putting forth of the finger1 and speaking wickedness2 ,and if thou draw out thy soul to the hungry1 ,and satisfy the afflicted soul2 ,then shall thy light rise in darkness1 ,and thy gloom be as the noonday2 ,and the ,lord will guide thee continually1 ,and satisfy thy soul in drought1 ,and make strong thy bones2 ,and thou shalt be like a watered garden1 ,and like a spring of water1 whose waters fail not4 ,and they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places1 ,thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations2 ,and thou shalt be called ,the repairer of the breach1 ,the restorer of paths to dwell in4 ,,isaiah #eh4 #hab4 ,,lord1 ,,thine ,,humble ,,servants ,,hear ,,lord1 thine humble servants hear1 ,suppliant now before ,thee2 ,our ,father1 from ,thy children's plea ,turn not1 we implore ,thee6 ,lord1 blot out our evil pride1 ,all our sins before ,thee2 ,our ,father1 for ,thy ,mercy's sake1 ,pardon1 we implore ,thee4 ,lord1 no sacrifice we bring1 ,prayers and tears implore ,thee2 ,our ,father1 take the gift we lay1 ,contrite hearts before ,thee4 ,lord1 ,thy sheep have wandered far1 ,gather them before ,thee2 ,our ,father1 let ,thy shepherd's love ,guide us1 we implore ,thee4 ,lord1 forgive and comfort all ,that in truth implore ,thee2 ,our ,father1 let our evening prayer ,thus find grace before ,thee4 ,r4 ,,yehudah4 7,trans4 ,s4 ,solis-,cohen47 ,,god ,,that ,,doest ,,wondrously 7,,ne',,ilah7 ,,god1 that doest wondrously1 ,god1 that doest wondrously1 ,pardon at ,thy people's cry1 ,as the closing hour draws nigh6 ,few are ,israel's sons1 and weak2 ,thee1 in penitence1 they seek4 ,o regard their anguished cry1 ,as the closing hour draws nigh6 ,souls in grief before ,thee poured1 ,agonize for deed and word2 #8,we have sinned4 ,forgive6' they cry1 ,as the closing hour draws nigh6 ,heal them6 ,let their trust in ,thee ,turn aside ,wrath's dread decree2 ,doom them not1 but heed their cry1 ,as the closing hour draws nigh6 ,for our ,fathers' righteousness ,save us now in our distress2 ,make us glad with freedom's cry1 ,as the closing hour draws nigh6 ,r4 ,,mosheh4 7,trans4 ,s4 ,solis-,cohen47 ,,tabernacles ,,the divine religion does not urge us to lead an ascetic life1 but guides us in the middle path1 equidistant from the extremes of too much and too little2 it allows free play to every ,god-given faculty of both body and soul1 within the limits drawn by the ,divine ,hand itself4 ,for certain it is that what we devote to one faculty in excessive measure we withdraw from another faculty1 and thus lose the harmony which should pervade our whole life4 ,in general1 let me impress this principle upon thy mind3 the essence of our whole law is contained in these three thingsreverence1 love1 joy4 ,they are the way to bring us near to ,god4 ,thy contrition on the day of fasting is in no wise more pleasing to ,him than thy joy on the sabbath or the festival1 if so be that thy delight comes from a devout and full heart4 ,just as prayer requires reflection and devotion1 so does joy in ,god's commandments and the study of ,his revelation4 ,thou must rejoice in the love of ,him who gave the ,law1 being persuaded that the giving thereof was an act of ,his love towards thee4 ,,yehudah ,,halevi1 #aada4 ,,palms ,,and ,,myrtles ,,thy praise1 ,o ,lord1 will ,i proclaim ,in hymns unto ,thy glorious name4 ,o ,thou ,redeemer1 ,lord and ,king1 ,redemption to ,thy faithful bring6 ,before ,thine altar they rejoice ,with branch of palm and myrtle-stem2 ,to ,thee they raise the prayerful voice ,have mercy1 save and prosper them4 ,they overflow with prayer and praise ,to ,him who knows the future days4 ,have mercy ,thou1 and hear the prayer ,of those who palms and myrtles bear4 ,thee day and night they sanctify ,and in perpetual song adore2 ,like to the heavenly host1 they cry1 #8,blessed art ,thou for evermore'4 ,,eleazar ,,kalir1 #hth cent4 7,trans4 ,alice ,lucas47 ,,the ,,harvest ,,festival ,,in keeping in view the agricultural aspect of the ,three ,festivals1 the modern ,jew performs no unimportant duty4 ,he realizes the fact that ,israel was once a people who lived by tilling the soil1 and that the commercial character which so largely distinguishes his people in these times is not1 as is commonly thought1 inborn1 but is the result of the unkindly conditions in which they have been compelled to live4 ,it is good for us and the world at large to remember that the history of our race has its idyllic side4 ,,morris ,,joseph1 #aijc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the vineyards of ,israel have ceased to exist1 but the eternal ,law enjoins the children of ,israel still to celebrate the vintage4 ,a race that persist in celebrating their vintage1 although they have no fruits to gather1 will regain their vineyards4 ,,benjamin ,,disraeli1 #ahdf4 ,,joyous ,,service ,,the easily depressed1 the despondent and morose man has often become what he is from mere selfishness4 ,it is so delightful to pity ourselves1 to yield to the #8luxury of woe'1 and sing a plaintive song of self-commiseration in a minor key4 ,but the next step is to give your soul to the devil4 ,judaism is not more emphatic against the latter than the former1 and ,i am sure that there are few wickeder thoughts than this3 that ,god made me with a despondent1 melancholy heart4 ,shammai said3 #8,always be cheerful'4 ,r4 ,ishmael said3 #8,ever be joyful'4 ,this ,rabbi ,ishmael died a martyr's death in the second century of this era4 ,do you think that when he suffered he repined and said3 #8,if ,i had known how my life was to end ,i would have wept my days away instead of joyously doing my duty'8 ,serve the ,lord with gladness1 and the gladness will leave its after-glow of resignation1 contentment1 and peace4 ,i4 ,,abrahams1 #ahic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,spirit of ,god abideth not where there is either needless grieving or inactivity2 but only where there is joyful performance of duty4 ,,talmud4 ,,rejoicing ,,of ,,the ,,law#ge ,,this ,feast of the ,law all your gladness display1 ,to-day all your homages render4 ,what profit can lead one so pleasant a way1 ,what jewels can vie with its splendour8 ,then exult in the ,law on its festival day1 ,the ,law is our ,light and ,defender4 ,my ,god ,i will praise in a jubilant lay1 ,my hope in ,him never surrender1 ,his glory proclaim where ,his chosen sons pray1 ,my ,rock all my trust shall engender4 ,then exult in the ,law on its festival day1 ,the ,law is our ,light and ,defender4 ,my heart of ,thy goodness shall carol alway1 ,thy praises ,i ever will render2 ,while breath is1 my lips all ,thy wonders shall say1 ,thy truth and ,thy kindness so tender4 ,then exult in the ,law on its festival day1 ,the ,law is our ,light and ,defender4 ,,festival ,,prayer ,,book4 7,trans4 ,i4 ,zangwill47 ,,simchas ,,torah ,,lechayim1#gf my brethren1 ,lechayim1 ,i say1 ,health1 peace1 and good fortune ,i wish you to-day4 ,to-day we have ended the ,torah once more2 ,to-day we begin it anew1 as of yore4 ,be thankful and glad and the ,lord extol1 ,who gave us the ,law on its parchment scroll4 ,the ,torah has been our consolation1 ,our help in exile and sore privation4 ,lost have we all we were wont to prize3 ,our holy temple a ruin lies2 ,laid waste is the land where our songs we sung2 ,forgotten our language1 our mother-tongue2 ,of kingdom and priesthood are we bereft2 ,our ,faith is our only treasure left4 ,god in our hearts1 the ,law in our hands1 ,we have wandered sadly through many lands4 ,we have suffered much2 yet1 behold1 we live ,through the comfort the ,law alone can give4 ,two thousand years1 a little thing when spoken2 ,two thousand years tormented1 crushed1 and broken ,seven and seventy dark generations ,filled up with anguish and lamentations6 ,their tale of sorrow did ,i unfold1 ,no ,simchas ,torah to-day we'd hold4 ,and why should ,i tell it you all again8 ,in our bones 'tis branded with fire and pain4 ,we have sacrificed all4 ,we have given our wealth1 ,our homes1 our honours1 our land1 our health1 ,our liveslike ,hannah#gg her children seven ,for the sake of the ,torah that came from heaven4 ,and now1 what next8 ,will they let us be8 ,have the nations then come at last to see ,that we ,jews are men like the rest1 and no more ,need we wander homeless as heretofore1 ,abused and slandered wherever we go8 ,ah6 ,i cannot tell you4 ,but this ,i know1 ,that the same ,god still lives in heaven above1 ,and on earth the same ,law1 the same ,faith1 that we love4 ,then fear not1 and weep not1 but hope in the ,lord1 ,and the sacred ,torah1 his ,holy ,word4 ,lechayim1 my brethren1 ,lechayim1 ,i say6 ,health1 peace1 and good fortune ,i wish you to-day4 ,to-day we have ended the ,torah once more2 ,to-day we begin it again1 as of yore4 ,be thankful and glad and the ,lord extol1 ,who gave us the ,law on its parchment scroll4 ,j4 ,l4 ,,gordon4 7,trans4 ,alice ,lucas and ,helena ,frank47 ,,the ,,maccabean ,,warriors ,they were ready either to live or die nobly4 #a ,,maccabees #d4 #ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,and ,king ,antiochus wrote to his whole kingdom1 that all should be one people1 and that each should forsake his own laws4 ,and he sent letters unto ,jerusalem and the cities of ,judah that they should profane the sabbaths and feasts1 pollute the sanctuary1 and build altars and temples and shrines for idols2 and whosoever shall not do according to the word of the king1 he shall die4 ,and he appointed overseers over all the people1 and he commanded the cities of ,judah to sacrifice1 city by city4 ,and they did evil things in the land2 and they made ,israel to hide themselves in every place of refuge which they had4 ,and they rent in pieces the ,books of the ,law which they found1 and set them on fire4 ,and wheresoever was found with any a ,book of the ,covenant1 and if any consented to the ,law1 the king's sentence delivered him to death4 ,and in those days rose up ,mattathias1 a priest from ,jerusalem2 and he dwelt at ,modin4 ,and he had five sons1 ,john1 ,simon1 ,judas 7who was called ,maccabaeus71 ,eleazar1 ,jonathan4 ,and he saw the blasphemies that were committed in ,judah and in ,jerusalem1 and ,mattathias and his sons rent their clothes1 and put on sackcloth1 and mourned exceedingly4 ,and the king's officers1 that were enforcing the apostasy1 came into the city ,modin4 ,and many of ,israel came unto them1 and ,mattathias and his sons were gathered together4 ,and the king's officers spake to ,mattathias1 saying1 #8,thou art a ruler and an honourable and great man in this city1 and strengthened with sons and brethren2 now therefore come thou first and do the commandment of the king1 as all nations have done1 and the men of ,judah1 and they that remain in ,jerusalem2 so shalt thou and thy house be in the number of the king's ,friends1 and thou and thy children shall be honoured with silver and gold1 and many rewards4' ,and ,mattathias answered and said with a loud voice1 #8,though all the nations that are under the king's dominion obey him1 and fall away every one from the religion of their fathers1 yet will ,i and my sons and my brethren walk in the covenant of our fathers4' ,and ,mattathias cried out in the city with a loud voice1 saying1 #8,whosoever is zealous for the ,law1 and maintaineth the ,covenant1 let him follow me4' ,then were gathered together unto them every one that offered himself willingly for the ,law4 ,and all they that fled from the evils were added to them1 and became a stay unto them4 ,and they mustered a host1 and pulled down the altars2 and they pursued after the sons of pride1 neither suffered they the sinner to triumph4 ,selection from #a ,,maccabees #a4 #dab4 #dh4 ,,the ,,feast ,,of ,,lights ,,kindle the taper like the steadfast star1 ,ablaze on evening's forehead o'er the earth1 ,and add each night a lustre till afar ,an eightfold splendour shine above thy hearth4 ,clash1 ,israel1 the cymbals1 touch the lyre1 ,blow the brass trumpet and the harsh-tongued horn2 ,chant psalms of victory till the heart takes fire1 ,the ,maccabean spirit leap new-born4 ,,emma ,,lazarus4 ,,the ,,menorah ,,deep in his soul he began to feel the need of being a ,jew4 ,his circumstances were not unsatisfactory2 he enjoyed an ample income and a profession that permitted him to do whatever his heart desired4 ,for he was an artist4 ,his ,jewish origin and the faith of his fathers had long since ceased to trouble him1 when suddenly the old hatred came to the surface again in a new mob-cry4 ,with many others he believed that this flood would shortly subside4 ,but there was no change for the better2 and every blow1 even though not aimed directly at him1 struck him with fresh pain1 till little by little his soul became one bleeding wound4 ,these sorrows1 buried deep in his heart and silenced there1 evoked thoughts of their origin and of his ,judaism2 and now he did something he could not perhaps have done in the old dayshe began to love his ,judaism with an intense fervour4 ,although in his own eyes he could not1 at first1 clearly justify this new yearning1 it became so powerful at length that it crystallized from vague emotions into a definite idea which he must needs express4 ,it was the conviction that there was only one solution for this moral miserythe return to ,judaism4 ,the ,jew of to-day had lost the poise which was his fathers' very being4 ,this generation1 having grown up under the influence of alien cultures1 was no longer capable of that return which he had perceived to be their redemption4 ,but the new generation would be capable of it1 if it were only given the right direction early enough4 ,he resolved1 therefore1 that his own children1 at least1 should be shown the proper path4 ,they should be trained as ,jews in their own home4 ,hitherto he had permitted to pass by unobserved the holiday which the wonderful apparition of the ,maccabees had illumined for thousands of years with the glow of miniature lights4 ,now1 however1 he made this holiday an opportunity to prepare something beautiful which should be for ever commemorated in the minds of his children4 ,in their young souls should be implanted early a steadfast devotion to their ancient people4 ,he bought a ,menorah1 and when he held this nine-branched candlestick in his hands for the first time1 a strange mood came over him4 ,in his father's house also the lights had once burned in his youth1 now far away1 and the recollection gave him a sad and tender feeling for home4 ,the tradition was neither cold nor deadthus it had passed through the ages1 one light kindling another4 ,moreover1 the ancient form of the ,menorah had excited his interest4 ,clearly the design was suggested by the treein the centre the sturdy trunk1 on right and left four branches1 one below the other1 in one place1 and all of equal height4 ,a later symbolism brought with it the short ninth branch1 which projects in front and functions as a servant4 ,what mystery had the generations which followed one another read into this form of art1 at once so simple and natural6 ,and our artist wondered to himself if it were not possible to animate again the withered form of the ,menorahto water its roots1 as one would a tree4 ,the mere sound of the name1 which he now pronounced every evening to his children1 gave him great pleasure4 ,there was a lovable ring to the word when it came from the lips of little children4 ,on the first night the candle was lit and the origin of the holiday explained4 ,the wonderful incident of the lights that strangely remained burning so long1 the story of the return from the ,babylonian exile1 the second ,temple1 the ,maccabeesour friend told his children all he knew4 ,it was not very much1 to be sure2 but it served4 ,when the second candle was lit1 they repeated what he had told them2 and though it had all been learnt from him1 it seemed to him quite new and beautiful4 ,in the days that followed1 he waited keenly for the evenings which became ever brighter4 ,candle after candle stood in the ,menorah1 and the father mused on the little candles with his children till at length his reflections became too deep to be uttered before them4 ,then came the eighth day1 when the whole row burns1 even the faithful ninth1 the servant1 which on other nights is used only for the lighting of the others4 ,a great splendour streamed from the ,menorah4 ,the children's eyes glistened4 ,but for our friend all this was the symbol of the enkindling of a nation4 ,when there is but one light1 all is still dark1 and the solitary light looks melancholy4 ,soon it finds one companion1 then another1 and another4 ,the darkness must retreat4 ,the light comes first to the young and the poorthen others join who love ,justice1 ,truth1 ,liberty1 ,progress1 ,humanity1 and ,beauty4 ,when all the candles burn1 then we must all stand and rejoice over the achievement4 ,and no office can be more blessed than that of a ,servant of the ,light4 ,,theodor ,,herzl4 7,trans4 ,b4 ,l4 ,pouzzner47 ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the ,,maccabees ,,it is good for ,jewish lads to include warriors of their own race in their gallery of heroes1 to be able to say1 #8,my people has produced its brave men equally with the ,greeks and the ,romans'4 ,but still better it is for them to feel that these brave men drew their courage from the purest of all sources1 from a passionate love for their religion1 from a veneration for the good and the true and the morally beautiful4 ,the ,maccabees boldly faced overwhelming odds1 not for their own selfish ends1 but in a spirit of self-sacrificing fidelity to the holiest of all causes4 ,they threw themselves upon the enemy in the temper that takes the martyr to the stake2 they did it not for gain or glory1 but solely for conscience' sake4 ,they felt that ,god was calling to them1 and they could not hold back4 ,theirs was a unique effort4 ,others had1 it is true1 displayed an equally noble courage on the battle-field4 ,but what they had fought for was their fatherland and their mother tongue1 their hearths and homes4 ,to fight for ,religion was a new thing4 ,the little ,maccabean band was like a rock in the midst of a surging sea4 ,standing almost alone in their day1 the heroes beat back the forces that threatened to involve all mankind in a common demoralization4 ,they kept a corner of the world sweet in an impure age4 ,they held aloft the torch of true religion at a time when thick darkness was covering the nations4 ,,morris ,,joseph1 #aijc4 ,,chanucah ,,hymn ,,rock of ,ages1 let our song ,praise ,thy saving power2 ,thou1 amidst the raging foes1 ,wast our shelt'ring tower4 ,furious they assailed us1 ,but ,thine arm availed us2 ,and ,thy word ,broke their sword ,when our own strength failed us4 ,kindling new the holy lamps1 ,priests approved in suffering ,purified the nation's shrine1 ,brought to ,god their offering4 ,and ,his courts surrounding ,hear1 in joy abounding1 ,happy throngs ,singing songs ,with a mighty sounding4 ,children of the ,martyr-race1 ,whether free or fettered1 ,wake the echoes of the songs ,where ye may be scattered4 ,yours the message cheering1 ,that the time is nearing ,which shall see ,all men free1 ,tyrants disappearing4 ,g4 ,,gottheil4 ,,purim#gh ,,there was a certain ,jew in ,shushan 444 whose name was ,mordecai4444 ,and he brought up ,hadassah1 that is1 ,esther1 his uncle's daughter 444 and when her father and mother were dead1 ,mordecai took her for his own daughter4444 ,and ,esther was taken unto ,king ,ahasuerus into his house royal 444 and the king loved ,esther 444 and she obtained grace and favour in his sight4444 ,after these things did ,king ,ahasuerus promote ,haman1 and set his seat above all the princes that were with him4 ,and ,haman said1 #8,there is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of thy kingdom2 and their laws are diverse from those of every people1 neither keep they the king's laws3 therefore it is not for the king's profit to suffer them4 ,if it please the king let it be written that they be destroyed 444 both young and old1 little children and women1 in one day4' ,and the king said unto ,haman1 #8,the people is given to thee to do with them as it seemeth good to thee'4 ,now1 when ,mordecai knew all that was done he rent his clothes 444 and charged ,esther that she should go in unto the king to make supplication unto him for her people#8,think not with thyself that thou shalt escape in the king's house1 more than all the ,jews4 ,for if thou altogether holdest thy peace at this time1 then shall relief and deliverance arise to the ,jews from another place3 and who knoweth whether thou art not come to the kingdom for such a time as this8' 444 ,esther bade them return answer unto ,mordecai1 #8,so will ,i go in unto the king 444 and if ,i perish1 ,i perish4444' ,then ,esther the queen 444 said1 #8,if ,i have found favour in thy sight1 ,o king 444 let my life be given me at my petition1 and my people at my request2 for we are sold1 ,i and my people1 to be destroyed1 to be slain and to perish4444' ,then spake the king ,ahasuerus1 #8,who is he1 and where is he1 that durst presume in his heart to do so8' ,and ,esther said1 #8,an adversary and an enemy1 even this wicked ,haman'4 ,then said one of the chamberlains1 #8,behold also1 the gallows which ,haman hath made for ,mordecai1 who spake good for the king 7and saved the king's life7 standeth in the house of ,haman'4 ,and the king said1 #8,hang him thereon'4 ,so they hanged ,haman4444 ,and the king said1 #8,write ye also to the ,jews as it liketh you1 in the king's name4444' ,the ,jews had light and gladness and joy and honour4 ,and whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came1 the ,jews had gladness and joy4444 444 ,therefore do the ,jews 444 make the fourteenth day of the month ,adar a day of gladness and feasting 444 and of sending gifts to the poor4 ,,book ,,of ,,esther4 ,,servant ,,of ,,god ,,spirit and flesh are ,thine1 ,o ,heavenly ,shepherd mine2 ,my hopes1 my thoughts1 my fears1 ,thou seest all1 ,thou measurest my path1 my steps dost know4 ,when ,thou upholdest1 who can make me fall8 ,when ,thou restrainest1 who can bid me go8 ,o would that ,i might be ,a servant unto ,thee1 ,thou ,god1 by all adored6 ,then1 though by friends out-cast1 ,thy hand would hold me fast1 ,and draw me near to ,thee1 my ,king and ,lord6 ,fain would my heart come nigh ,to ,thee1 ,o ,god1 on high1 ,but evil thoughts have led me far astray ,from the pure path of righteous government4 ,guide ,thou me back into ,thy holy way1 ,and count me not as one impenitent4 ,o would that ,i might be ,a servant unto ,thee1 ,thou ,god1 by all adored6 ,then1 though by friends out-cast1 ,thy hand would hold me fast1 ,and draw me near to ,thee1 my ,king and ,lord6 ,contrite and full of dread1 ,i mourn each moment fled1 ',midst idle follies roaming desolate3 ,i sink beneath transgressions manifold1 ,that from ,thy presence keep me separate1 ,nor can sin-darkened eyes ,thy light behold4 ,o would that ,i might be ,a servant unto ,thee1 ,thou ,god1 by all adored6 ,then1 though by friends out-cast1 ,thy hand would hold me fast1 ,and draw me near to ,thee1 my ,king and ,lord6 ,so lead me that ,i may ,thy sovereign will obey4 ,make pure my heart to seek ,thy truth divine2 ,when burns my wound1 be ,thou with healing near6 ,answer me1 ,lord6 for sore distress is mine1 ,and say unto ,thy servant1 ,i am here4 ,o would that ,i might be ,a servant unto ,thee1 ,thou ,god1 by all adored6 ,then1 though by friends out-cast1 ,thy hand would hold me fast1 ,and draw me near to ,thee1 my ,king and ,lord6 ,,yehudah ,,halevi1 #aadj4 7,trans4 ,alice ,lucas47 ,,hymn ,,of ,,glory ,,sweet hymns and songs will ,i indite ,to sing of ,thee by day and night ,of ,thee1 who art my soul's delight4 ,how doth my soul within me yearn ,beneath ,thy shadow to return1 ,thy secret mysteries to learn6 ,and even while yet ,thy glory fires ,my words1 and hymns of praise inspires1 ,thy love it is my heart desires4 ,thy glory shall my discourse be2 ,in images ,i picture ,thee1 ,although ,thyself ,i cannot see4 ,o ,thou whose word is truth alway1 ,thy people seek ,thy face this day2 ,o be ,thou near them when they pray4 ,o may my words of blessing rise ,to ,thee1 who1 throned above the skies1 ,art just and mighty1 great and wise4 ,my meditation day and night1 ,may it be pleasant in ,thy sight1 ,for ,thou art all my soul's delight4 ,,judah ,,the ,,pious1 #abth cent4 7,trans4 ,alice ,lucas47 ,v ,,the ,,voice ,,of ,,wisdom ,,thus saith the ,lord1 ,let not the wise man glory in his wisdom1 neither the mighty man glory in his might1 let not the rich man glory in his riches2 but let him that glorieth glory in this1 that he understandeth and knoweth ,me1 that ,i am the ,lord who exercise loving kindness1 judgement1 and righteousness in the earth3 for in these things ,i delight1 saith the ,lord4 ,,jeremiah #i4 #bcd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,he that planted the ear1 shall ,he not hear8 ,he that formed the eye1 shall ,he not see8 ,he that instructeth the nations1 shall not ,he correct1 ,even ,he that teacheth man knowledge8 ,,psalm #id4 #iaj4 ,,god1 ,,whom ,,shall ,i ,,compare ,,to ,,thee6 ,,god1 whom shall ,i compare to ,thee1 ,when ,thou to none canst likened be8 ,under what image shall ,i dare ,to picture ,thee1 when everywhere ,all ,nature's forms ,thine impress bear8 ,hearts1 seeking ,thee1 from search refrain1 ,and weary tongues their praise restrain4 ,thyself unbound by time and place1 ,thou dost pervade1 support1 embrace ,the world and all created space4 ,deep1 deep beyond all fathoming1 ,far1 far beyond all measuring1 ,we can but seek ,thy deeds alone2 ,when bow ,thy saints before ,thy throne ,then is ,thy faithfulness made known4 ,thy righteousness we can discern1 ,thy holy law proclaim and learn4 ,is not ,thy presence near alway ,to them who penitently pray1 ,but far from those who sinning stray8 ,pure souls behold ,thee1 and no need ,have they of light3 they hear and heed ,thee with the mind's keen ear1 although ,the ear of flesh be dull and slow4 ,their voices answer to and fro4 ,thy holiness for ever they proclaim3 ,the ,lord of ,hosts6 thrice holy is ,his name4 ,,yehudah ,,halevi4 7,trans4 ,alice ,lucas47 ,,great ,,is ,,truth ,,great is ,truth1 and stronger than all things4 ,all the earth calleth upon ,truth1 and the heaven blesseth her2 all works shake and tremble1 but with her is no unrighteous thing4444 ,truth abideth1 and is strong for ever2 she liveth and conquereth for evermore4444 ,she is the strength1 and the kingdom1 and the power1 and the majesty1 of all ages4 ,blessed be the ,god of ,truth4 #a ,,esdras #d4 #ce1 #cf1 #ch1 #dj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,truth is the seal of ,god4 ,,talmud4 ,,the ,,right ,,life ,,it hath been told thee1 ,o man1 what is good1 and what the ,lord doth require of thee3 only to do justly1 and to love mercy1 and to walk humbly with thy ,god4 ,,micah #f4 #h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,woe unto them that call evil good1 and good evil2 that put darkness for light1 and light for darkness2 that put bitter for sweet1 and sweet for bitter6 ,woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes1 and prudent in their own sight6 ,,isaiah #e4 #bjb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the proper study of a wise man is not how to die1 but how to live4 ,a man who desires to help others by counsel or deed will refrain from dwelling on men's faults1 and will speak but sparingly of human weaknesses4 ,but he will speak at large of man's virtue and power1 and the means of perfecting the same1 that thus men may endeavour joyously to live1 so far as in them lies1 after the commandment of reason4 ,,benedict ,,spinoza1 #afgd4 ,,the ,,goodness ,,of ,,god',s ,,work ,,men frequently think that the evils in the world are more numerous than the good things2 many sayings and songs of the nations dwell on this idea4 ,they say that the good is found only exceptionally1 whilst evil things are numerous and lasting4 ,the origin of this error is to be found in the circumstance that men judge of the whole universe by examining one single person only4 ,if anything happens to him contrary to his expectation1 forthwith they conclude that the whole universe is evil4 ,all mankind at present in existence forms only an infinitesimal portion of the permanent universe4 ,it is of great advantage that man should know his station4 ,numerous evils to which persons are exposed are due to the defects existing in the persons themselves4 ,we seek relief from our own faults2 we suffer from evils which we inflict on ourselves1 and we ascribe them to ,god who is far from connected with them4 ,as ,solomon explained it3 ,the foolishness of man perverteth his way1 and his heart fretteth against the ,lord4 ,,moses ,,maimonides1 #aaij4 ,,the ,,two ,,natures ,,in ,,man ,,it is because man is half angel1 half brute1 that his inner life witnesses such bitter war between such unlike natures4 ,the brute in him clamours for sensual joy and things in which there is only vanity2 but the angel resists and strives to make him know that meat1 drink1 sleep are but means whereby the body may be made efficient for the study of the truths1 and the doing of the will1 of ,god4 ,not until the very hour of death can it be certain or known to what measure the victory has been won4 ,he who is but a novice in the fear of ,god will do well to say audibly each day1 as he rises3 #8,this day ,i will be a faithful servant of the ,almighty4 ,i will be on my guard against wrath1 falsehood1 hatred1 and quarrelsomeness1 and will forgive those who wound me4' ,for whoso forgives is forgiven in his turn2 hard-heartedness and a temper that will not make up quarrels are a heavy burden of sin1 and unworthy of an ,israelite4 ,,moses ,,of ,,coucy1 #acth cent4 ,,freedom ,,of ,,the ,,will ,,free will is granted to every man4 ,if he desire to incline towards the good way and be righteous1 he has the power to do so2 and if he desire to incline towards the unrighteous way and be a wicked man1 he has also the power to do so4 ,give no room in your minds to that which is asserted by heathen fools1 and also by many of the ignorant among the ,israelites themselves1 namely3 that the ,holy ,one1 blessed be ,he1 decrees that a man from his birth should be either a righteous man or a wicked man4 ,since the power of doing good or evil is in our own hands1 and since all the wicked deeds which we have committed have been committed with our full consciousness1 it befits us to turn in penitence and to forsake our evil deeds2 the power of doing so being still in our hands4 ,now this matter is a very important principle2 nay1 it is the pillar of the ,law and of the commandments4 ,,moses ,,maimonides1 #aahj4 ,,the ,,wicked ,,saith ,,in ,,his ,,heart ,,for they said within themselves1 reasoning not aright1 #8,short and sorrowful is our life2 ,and there is no healing when a man cometh to his end1 ,and none was ever known that returned out of ,hades4 ,because by mere chance were we born1 ,and hereafter we shall be as though we had never been3 ,and our name shall be forgotten in time1 ,and no man shall remember our works2 ,and our life shall pass away as the traces of a cloud1 ,and shall be scattered as is a mist4 ,for our allotted time is the passing of a shadow1 ,and there is no putting back of our end4 ,come therefore and let us enjoy the good things that now are2 ,and let us use the creation with all our soul as youth's possession4 ,let us fill ourselves with costly wine and perfumes2 ,and let no flower of spring pass us by3 ,let us crown ourselves with rosebuds1 before they be withered3 ,let none of us go without his share in our proud revelry3 ,everywhere let us leave tokens of our mirth3 ,because this is our portion1 and our lot is this4 ,let our strength be to us a law of righteousness2 ,for that which is weak is convicted to be of no service4' ,thus reasoned they1 and they were led astray2 ,for their wickedness blinded them1 ,and they knew not the mysteries of ,god1 ,neither hoped they for wages of holiness1 ,nor did they judge that there is a prize for blameless souls4 ,because ,god created man for incorruption1 ,and made him an image of ,his own everlastingness4 ,,wisdom ,,of ,,solomon #b4 #a1 #b1 #di1 #aa1 #bac4 ,,repentance ,,of ,,the ,,wicked ,,they shall say within themselves repenting3 #8,verily we went astray from the way of truth1 ,we took our fill of the paths of lawlessness and destruction1 ,and we journeyed through trackless deserts1 ,but the way of the ,lord we knew not4 ,what did our arrogancy profit us8 ,and what good have riches and vaunting brought us8 ,those things all passed away as a shadow1 ,as a ship passing through the billowy water1 ,whereof1 when it is gone by1 there is no trace to be found1 ,neither pathway of its keel in the billows3 ,or as when a bird flieth through the air1 ,no token of her passage is found1 ,but the light wind1 lashed with the stroke of her pinions1 ,and rent asunder with the violent rush1 is passed through by the motion of her wings1 ,and afterwards no sign of her coming is found therein3 ,so we also1 as soon as we were born1 ceased to be2 ,and of virtue we had no sign to show1 ,but in our wickedness we were utterly consumed4 ,because the hope of the ungodly man is as chaff carried by the wind1 ,and passeth by as the remembrance of a guest that tarrieth but a day4 #8,but the righteous live for ever1 ,and in the ,lord is their reward1 ,and the care for them with the ,most ,high4' ,,wisdom ,,of ,,solomon #e4 #c1 #faa1 #acae4 ,,wise ,,counsel ,i ,,the soul1 when accustomed to superfluous things1 acquires a strong habit of desiring others which are necessary neither for the preservation of the individual nor for that of the species4 ,this desire is without limit2 whilst things which are necessary are few1 and restricted within certain bounds4 ,lay this well to heart1 reflect on it again and again2 that which is superfluous is without end 7and therefore the desire for it also without limit74 ,thus you desire to have your vessels of silver1 but golden vessels are still better2 others even have vessels studded with sapphires1 emeralds1 or rubies4 ,those1 therefore1 who are ignorant of this truth1 that the desire for superfluous things is without limit1 are constantly in trouble and pain4 ,when they thus meet with the consequences of their course they complain of the judgements of ,god2 they go so far as to say that ,god's power is insufficient1 because ,he has given to this ,universe the properties which they imagine cause these evils4 ,,moses ,,maimonides4 ,,ii ,,prefer one in hand to two in hope2 a little certainty is better than a great perhaps4 ,sooner a servant among the noble than leader among the common2 for some of their honour will stick to you1 while you must share the contempt of your contemptible followers4 ,the proud cedar is felled1 the lowly bush is untouched2 fire rises and dies away1 water flows down and for ever4 ,if for what beauty or riches you have1 you raise your head above neighbour or brother1 you feed hateful envy1 and the beggar whom you despise may yet triumph over you4 ,better enough in freedom than plenty at the table of another4 ,love thy children with impartial love2 the hope oft errs that you place on the more promising1 and all your joy may come from him that you have kept in the background4 ,,benedict ,,of ,,oxford1 #aaie4 7,trans4 ,joseph ,jacobs47 ,,iii ,,there are seven marks of an uncultured1 and seven of a wise1 man4 ,the wise man does not speak before him who is greater than he in wisdom1 and does not break in upon the speech of his fellow2 he is not hasty to answer2 he questions according to the subject-matter1 and answers to the point2 he speaks upon the first thing first1 and upon the last1 last2 regarding that which he has not understood1 he says1 #8,i do not understand it'1 and he acknowledges the truth4 ,,ethics ,,of ,,the ,,fathers4 ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,holiness ,i ,,am the ,lord your ,god3 sanctify yourselves therefore1 and be ye holy2 for ,i am holy4 ,,leviticus #aa4 #dd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,in rabbinical ethics1 holiness is the highest ideal4 ,the entire system of the ,jewish law has the hallowing of life as its aim1 to be reached through good works1 through observance of the ,sabbath and ,holy-days1 and through the sanctification of ,god's name 7,kiddush ,hashem74 ,holiness became for rabbinical ,judaism synonymous with purity of life1 purity of action1 and purity of thought2 and under its influence personal purity in ,judaism became the highest standard and maxim of ethics found in any religious system4 ,k4 ,,kohler1#gi #aijd4 99 99 99 99 99 #8,,cleanliness is next to ,godliness4',carefulness leads to cleanliness2 cleanliness to purity2 purity to humility2 humility to saintliness2 saintliness to fear of sin2 fear of sin to holiness2 and holiness to immortality4 ,,talmud4 ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,god ,,do not seek for the ,city of ,god on earth1 for it is not built of wood or stone2 but seek it in the soul of the man who is at peace with himself and is a lover of true wisdom4 ,if a man practises ablutions of the body1 but defiles his mindif he offers hecatombs1 founds a temple1 adorns a shrine1 and does nothing for making his soul beautifullet him not be called religious4 ,he has wandered far from real religion1 mistaking ritual for holiness2 attempting1 as it were1 to bribe the ,incorruptible and to flatter ,him whom none can flatter4 ,god welcomes the genuine service of a soul1 the sacrifice of truth2 but from display of wealth ,he turns away4 ,will any man with impure soul and with no intention to repent dare to approach the ,most ,high ,god8 ,the grateful soul of the wise man is the true altar of ,god4 ,,philo ,,judaeus1 #ast cent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,think not meanly of thyself1 and despair not of perfection4 ,,moses ,,maimonides1 #abjj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,man should so live that at the close of every day he can repeat3 #8,i have not wasted my day'4 ,,zohar4 ,,humility ,,the man who does good works is more likely to be overtaken by pride in them than by any other moral mischance1 and its effect on conduct is injurious in the extreme4 ,therefore1 among the most necessary of virtues is that one which banishes pride2 and this is1 humility4 ,first among the signs by which the meek are known is that when misfortunes come to them their endurance triumphs over their fear and grief1 and they willingly submit to the decree of ,god1 and own that ,his judgements are righteous4 ,in matters of justice1 however1 the meek will be high-spirited and fearless1 punishing the wicked without fear for favour4 ,he will help the oppressed and rescue him from the power of the oppressor4 ,,bachya ,,ibn ,,pakudah1 #ajdj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,at all times let a man fear ,god as well in private as in public1 acknowledge the truth1 and speak the truth in his heart2 and let him rise early and say3 ,sovereign of all worlds6 ,not because of our righteous acts do we lay our supplications before ,thee1 but because of ,thine abundant mercies4 ,,daily ,,prayer ,,book4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wisdom begetteth humility4 ,,abraham ,,ibn ,,ezra1 #aafg4 ,,sayings ,,from ,,the ,,talmud ,i ,,be thou the cursed1 not he who curses4 ,be of them that are persecuted1 not of them that persecute4 ,look at ,scripture3 there is not a single bird more persecuted than the dove2 yet ,god has chosen her to be offered up on ,his altar4 ,the bull is hunted by the lion1 the sheep by the wolf1 the goat by the tiger4 ,and ,god said1 #8,bring ,me a sacrifice1 not from them that persecute1 but from them that are persecuted'4 ,scripture ordains that the ,hebrew slave who #8loves' his bondage shall have his ear pierced against the door-post 7,exodus #ba74 ,why8 ,because it is that ear which heard on ,sinai1 #8,they are ,my servants1 they shall not be sold as bondsmen'4 ,they are ,my servants1 not servants' servants4 ,and this man voluntarily throws away his precious freedom#8,pierce his ear6' ,,ii ,,even when the gates of heaven are shut to prayer1 they are open to tears4 ,prayer is ,israel's only weapon1 a weapon inherited from his fathers1 a weapon tried in a thousand battles4 ,when the righteous man dies1 it is the earth that loses4 ,the lost jewel will always be a jewel1 but the possessor who has lost itwell may he weep4 ,to one who denied resurrection1 ,gabiha ben ,pasissa said3 #8,if what never before existed1 exists1 why may not that which once existed exist again8' ,life is a passing shadow1 says ,scripture4 ,is it the shadow of a tower1 of a tree8 ,a shadow that prevails for a while8 ,no1 it is the shadow of a bird in its flightaway flies the bird1 and there is neither bird nor shadow4 ,repent one day before thy death4 ,there was a king who bade all his servants to a great repast1 but did not indicate the hour4 ,some went home and put on their best garments and stood at the door of the palace2 others said1 #8,there is ample time1 the king will let us know beforehand'4 ,but the king summoned them of a sudden2 and those that came in their best garments were well received1 but the foolish ones who came in their slovenliness1 were turned away in disgrace4 ,iron breaks the stone1 fire melts iron1 water extinguishes fire1 the clouds drink up the water1 a storm drives away the clouds1 man withstands the storm1 fear unmans man1 wine dispels fear1 sleep drives away wine1 and death sweeps all awayeven sleep4 ,but ,solomon the ,wise says3 #8,charity delivereth from death'4 ,,iii ,,four shall not enter ,paradise3 the scoffer1 the liar1 the hypocrite1 and the slanderer4 ,the cock and the owl both await the daylight4 #8,the light'1 says the cock1 #8brings delight to me2 but what are you waiting for8' ,thy friend has a friend1 and thy friend's friend has a friend3 be discreet4 ,he who is ashamed will not easily commit sin4 ,commit a sin twice1 and you will think it perfectly allowable4 ,there is a great difference between him who is ashamed before his own self1 and him who is only ashamed before others4 ,the sun will go down all by himself1 without thy assistance4 ,not what thou sayest about thyself1 but what others say4 ,he who humiliates himself will be lifted up2 he who raises himself up will be humiliated4 ,whosoever runs after greatness1 greatness runs away from him2 he who runs from greatness1 greatness follows him4 ,if the young tell thee1 ,build2 and the old tell thee1 ,destroyfollow the counsel of the elders2 for often the destruction of the elders is construction1 and the construction of the young is destruction4 ,,iv #8,,fear ,god1 as much as you fear man'1 said ,johanan ben ,zakkai4#hj #8,not more8' asked his pupils in surprise4 #8,if you would but fear ,him as much6' said the dying sage4 ,the righteous are masters of their passions4 ,not so the wicked3 they are the slaves of their desires4 ,the righteous need no monuments3 their deeds are their monuments4 ,the righteous promise little and do much2 the wicked promise much and do not perform even a little4 ,let thy yea be yea1 and thy nay be nay4 ,in ,palestine it was considered a sign of descent from a good family if any one first broke off in a quarrel4 ,the greatest of heroes is he who turneth an enemy into a friend4 ,giving is not the essential thing1 but to give with delicacy of feeling4 ,scripture does not say1 #8,happy is he who giveth to the poor'1 but1 #8,happy is he who wisely considereth the poor'4 ,he who makes the sorrowful rejoice will partake of life everlasting4 ,as the ocean never freezes1 so the gate of repentance is never closed4 ,the best preacher is the heart1 the best teacher time1 the best book the world1 the best friend ,god4 ,he who curbs his wrath1 his sins will be forgiven4 ,whosoever does not persecute them that persecute him1 whosoever takes an offence in silence1 he who does good because of love1 he who is cheerful under his sufferings1 they are the friends of ,god1 and of them the ,scripture says1 #8,but they that love ,him shall be as the sun1 when he goeth forth in his might'4 ,,the ,,dedicated ,,life ,,moses has shown that we should all confess our gratitude for the powers we possess4 ,the wise man should dedicate his sagacity1 the eloquent man should devote his excellence of speech1 to the praise of ,god in prose and verse2 and1 in general1 the natural philosopher should offer his physics1 the moralist his ethics1 the artist and the man of science the arts and sciences they know4 ,so1 too1 the sailor and the pilot will dedicate their favourable voyage1 the husbandman his fruitful harvest1 the herdsman the increase of his cattle1 the doctor the recovery of his patients1 the general his victory in fight1 and the statesman or the monarch his legal chieftaincy or kingly rule4 ,let no one1 however humble and insignificant he be1 despairing of a better fortune1 scruple to become a suppliant of ,god4 ,even if he can expect nothing more1 let him give thanks to the best of his power for what he has already received4 ,infinite are the gifts he has3 birth1 life1 nature1 soul1 sensation1 imagination1 desire1 reason4 ,reason is a small word1 but a most perfect thing1 a fragment of the world-soul1 or1 as for the disciples of the ,mosaic philosophy it is more pious to say1 a true impression of the ,divine ,image4 ,,philo ,,judaeus1 #ast cent4 ,,god ,,and ,,man ,,rabbi ,,akiba#ha said3 ,beloved is man1 for he was created in the image of ,god2 but it was by a special love that it was made known to him that he was created in the image of ,god4 ,everything is foreseen1 yet freedom of choice is given2 and the world is judged by grace1 yet all is according to the amount of the work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ben ,,azzai#hb said3 ,despise not any man1 and carp not at anything2 for there is not a man that has not his hour1 and there is not a thing that has not its place4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hillel#hc said3 ,if ,i am not for myself1 who will be for me8 ,and being for myself only1 what am ,i8 and1 if not now1 when8 ,separate not thyself from the community4 ,trust not in thyself until the day of thy death4 ,judge not thy neighbour until thou art come into his place4 ,,ethics ,,of ,,the ,,fathers4 ,,golden ,,rules ,,thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself4 ,,leviticus #ai4 #ah4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rabbi ,,akiba said3 ,thou shall love thy neighbour as thyself4 ,this is a fundamental principle of religion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hillel used to say3 ,whatever is hateful unto thee1 do it not unto thy fellow4 ,this is the whole ,law2 the rest is but commentary4 ,,talmud4 99 99 99 99 99 #8,,thou shalt not hate the brother in thy heart' 7,leviticus #ai4 #ag74 ,our ,rabbis taught that this precept might be explained to mean only that you must not injure him1 nor insult him1 nor vex him1 and so the words #8in thine heart' are added to forbid us even to feel hatred in our heart without giving it outward expression4 ,causeless hatred ranks with the three capital sins3 ,idolatry1 ,immorality1 and ,murder4 ,the ,second ,temple1 although in its time study of the ,law and good works flourished and ,god's ,commandments were obeyed1 was destroyed because of causeless hatred1 one of the deadly sins4 ,,acha 7,,gaon71 #hth cent4 7,trans4 ,e4 ,n4 ,adler47 ,,deeds ,,the ,,best ,,commendation ,,when ,akabya1#hd son of ,mahalalel1 was on his death-bed1 his son asked1 #8,father1 commend me to thy friends'4 #8,no1 my son1' said he1 #8,i shall not commend thee4' #8,hast thou found aught unworthy in me8' #8,no1 my son1' replied he1 #8thy deeds will bring thee near unto men1 and thy deeds will drive thee from them4' ,,talmud4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rabbi ,,hanina1 son of ,dosa1 said3 ,he in whom the spirit of his fellow men taketh delight1 in him the ,spirit of the ,all-present taketh delight2 and he in whom the spirit of his fellow men taketh not delight1 in him the ,spirit of the ,all-present taketh not delight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rabbi ,,judah ,,the ,,prince#he said1 ,which is the right course that a man should choose for himself8 ,that which he feels to be in itself honourable to the doer1 and which also brings him the respect of his fellow men4 ,reflect upon three things1 and thou wilt not come within the power of sin3 ,know what is above theea seeing ,eye1 a hearing ,ear1 and all thy deeds are written in a ,book4 ,,ethics ,,of ,,the ,,fathers4 ,a ,,mediaeval ,,jewish ,,moralist ,i ,,no crown carries such royalty with it as doth humility2 no monument gives such glory as an unsullied name2 no worldly gain can equal that which comes from observing ,god's laws4 ,the highest sacrifice is a broken and contrite heart2 the highest wisdom is that which is found in the ,law2 the noblest of all ornaments is modesty2 the most beautiful of all things man can do is to forgive wrong4 ,cherish a good heart when thou findest it in any one2 hate1 for thou mayest hate it1 the haughtiness of the overbearing man1 and keep the boaster at a distance4 ,there is no skill or cleverness to be compared to that which avoids temptation2 there is no force1 no strength that can equal piety4 ,all honour to him who thinks continually and with an anxious heart of his ,maker2 who prays1 reads1 and learns1 and all these with a passionate yearning for his ,maker's grace4 ,,ii ,,let thy dealings be of such sort that a blush need never visit thy cheek2 be sternly dumb to the voice of passion2 commit no sin1 saying to thyself that thou wilt repent and make atonement at a later time4 ,let no oath ever pass thy lips2 play not the haughty aristocrat in thine heart2 follow not the desire of the eyes2 banish carefully all guile from thy soul1 all unseemly self-assertion from thy bearing and thy temper4 ,speak never mere empty words2 enter into strife with no man2 place no reliance on men of mocking lips2 wrangle not with evil men2 cherish no too fixed good opinion of thyself1 but lend thine ear to remonstrance and reproof4 ,be not weakly pleased at demonstrations of honour2 strive not anxiously for distinction2 never let a thought of envy of those who do grave wrong cross thy mind2 be never enviously jealous of others1 or too eager for money4 ,honour thy parents2 make peace whenever thou canst among people1 lead them gently into the good path2 place thy trust in1 give thy company to1 those who fear ,god4 ,,iii ,,if the means of thy support in life be measured out scantily to thee1 remember that thou hast to be thankful and grateful even for the mere privilege to breathe1 and that thou must take up that suffering as a test of thy piety and a preparation for better things4 ,but if worldly wealth be lent to thee1 exalt not thyself above thy brother2 for both of ye came naked into the world1 and both of ye will surely have to sleep at last together in the dust4 ,bear well thy heart against the assaults of envy1 which kills even sooner than death itself2 and know no envy at all1 save such envy of the merits of virtuous men as shall lead thee to emulate the beauty of their lives4 ,surrender not thyself a slave to hate1 that ruin of all the heart's good resolves1 that destroyer of the very savour of food1 of our sleep1 of all reverence in our souls4 ,keep peace both within the city and without1 for it goes well with all those who are counsellors of peace2 be wholly sincere2 mislead no one by prevarications1 by words smoother than intention1 as little as by direct falsehood4 ,for ,god the ,eternal is a ,god of ,truth2 it is ,he from whom truth flowed first1 ,he who begat truth and sent it into creation4 ,,eleazar 7,,rok,,ach7 ,,of ,,worms1 c4 #abjj4 ,,the ,,mystery ,,of ,,pain ,,the mystery of pain is an old problem4 ,the ,rabbis were deeply impressed with its gravity and complexity4 ,the sorrows of the universe and the agony of ,israel2 the suffering of the nation and the pain of the individual1 formed the inspiration of some of their noblest thoughts4 ,they fully realized that suffering can chasten and heal and purify1 even #8as salt cleanses meat'4 ,and so they call ,god's chastisements the blessed scourges of love1 and tell us that even as the olive only gives forth its sweet and perfumed oil on being crushed1 so also ,israel only reaches perfection through crushing sorrows4 ,they tell us that in the thick darkness of the world-problem is ,godthe #8,light ,behind'2 that all things work together for goodeven ,death2 they represent ,god as saying to mankind1 #8with thy very wounds ,i will heal thee'2 they say that those whom ,god afflicts bear ,his name2 that only through a #8sorrow's crown of sorrows' cometh true life4 ,heaven is not to be won by rest and ease and quiet4 ,only those who have suffered and endured greatly have achieved greatly4 ,the world's greatest workers1 thinkers1 and teachers have only reached the pinnacle of fame by surmounting obstacles which to ordinary men1 content with the lower slopes1 would have seemed insuperable4 ,man has ever risen nearer to ,god by the altar-stairs of pain and sorrowthose altar-stairs which lead through darkness1 for ever upwards1 towards the very ,throne of ,god4 ,s4 ,,alfred ,,adler1 #aijf4 ,,meeting ,,adversity ,,according to ancient ,jewish custom1 the ceremony of cutting our garments when our nearest and dearest on earth is lying dead before us1 is to be performed standing up4 ,this teaches3 meet all sorrow standing upright4 ,the future may be dark1 veiled from the eye of mortalsbut not the manner in which we are to meet the future4 ,to rail at life1 to rebel against a destiny that has cast our lines in unpleasant places1 is of little avail4 ,we cannot lay down terms to life4 ,life must be accepted on its own terms4 ,but hard as life's terms are1 life 7it has been finely said7 never dictates unrighteousness1 unholiness1 dishonour4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hertz1 #aijj4 ,,the ,,contemplation ,,of ,,death ,,the contemplation of death should plant within the soul elevation and peace4 ,above all1 it should make us see things in their true light4 ,for all things which seem foolish in the light of death are really foolish in themselves4 ,to be annoyed because ,so-and-so has slighted us or been somewhat more successful in social distinctions1 pulled himself somehow one rung higher up the ladder than ourselveshow ridiculous all this seems when we couple it with the thought of death6 ,to pass each day simply and solely in the eager pursuit of money or of fame1 this also seems like living with shadows when one might take one's part with realities4 ,surely when death is at hand we should desire to say1 #8,i have contributed my grain to the great store of the eternal4 ,i have borne my part in the struggle for goodness4' ,and let no man or woman suppose that the smallest social act of goodness is wasted for society at large4 ,all our help1 petty though it be1 is needed2 and though we know not the manner1 the fruit of every faithful service is surely gathered in4 ,let the true and noble words of a great teacher ring in conclusion upon our ears3 #8,the growing good of the world is partly dependent on unhistoric acts2 and that things are not so ill with you and me as they might have been1 is half owing to the number who lived faithfully a hidden life and rest in unvisited tombs'4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,montefiore1 #ahic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember thy last end1 and cease from enmity4 ,,ecclesiasticus #bh4 #f4 ,,light ,,in ,,darkness ,,when ,adam saw for the first time the sun go down1 and an ever-deepening gloom enfold creation1 his mind was filled with terror4 ,god then took pity on him1 and endowed him with the divine intuition to take two stonesthe name of one was ,darkness and the name of the other ,shadow of ,deathand rub them against each other1 and so discover fire4 ,thereupon ,adam exclaimed with grateful joy3 #8,blessed be the ,creator of ,light'4 ,,talmud4 ,,whence ,,and ,,whither ,i ,,akabya1 son of ,mahalalel1 said1 #8,reflect upon three things1 and thou wilt not come within the power of sin3 know whence thou camest1 and whither thou art going1 and before whom thou wilt in future have to render account and reckoning'4 ,,ethics ,,of ,,the ,,fathers4 ,,ii ,,an old ,saxon chieftain was once revelling with his boon companions in the brilliantly lighted banqueting hall1 when he noticed a bird flying from end to end1 and he exclaimed3 #8,even thus is our fate4 ,out of the darkness we come2 we speed for a while through a gay and merry world1 and then again into darkness we lapse4' ,ah1 not so1 dear ,congregants6 #8,the dust returneth to the earth1 as it was1 but the spirit returneth unto ,god who gave it4' ,our true essence is deathlessspirit of ,god's undying ,spirit1 soul of ,his immortal ,soul4 ,if we have risen to a true conception of life and our duty1 if we have proved ourselves faithful to our mission1 then our end will not be a leap in the dark1 but #8,life's race well run1 ,life's work well done1 ,life's crown well won'3 then come rest and peacerest with ,god1 peace everlasting4 ,,hermann ,,adler1 #ahih4 ,,time ,,and ,,eternity ,,god1 the ,source of life1 has placed in our nature the blessed hope of immortality1 by which we may console ourselves for the vanity of life1 and overcome the dread of death4 ,if thou art in truth of the higher sphere1 why should the thought of leaving this lower region trouble thee8 ,especially since the very pleasures which thou seekest on earth are1 in reality1 but briars and thorns4 ,therefore seek them not4 ,but what shouldst thou do8 ,this3 ,use thy time as thou wouldst a doubtful companion3 extract the good and avoid the evil4 ,avail thyself of the few opportunities of improvement in his company1 and use thy discretion so that thou mayest suffer no injury from thy association with him4 ,and remember that the companionship of time is but of short duration4 ,it flies more quickly than the shades of evening4 ,we are like a child that grasps in his hand a sunbeam4 ,he opens his hand soon again1 but1 to his amazement1 finds it empty and the brightness gone4 ,,yedaya ,,penini1 #adth cent4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,whatsoever thy hand findeth to do1 do it with all thy might4 ,,ecclesiastes #i4 #aj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,accustom thyself to complete any good work thou hast undertaken4 ,,derech ,,eretz ,,zutta1 #hth cent4 ,,talmudic ,,parables ,,and ,,legends ,i ,,the ,,heart ,,ennobles ,,any ,,calling ,,rabbi ,,baroka1 a saintly mystic1 one day as he was walking through the crowded market-place of his town1 met ,elijah1 the wandering spirit of prophecy in ,jewish lore4 #8,who of all this multitude has the best claim to ,heaven8' asks the ,rabbi of his spirit companion4 ,the prophet points to a disreputable1 weird-looking creature1 a turnkey4 #8,that man yonder1 because he is considerate to his prisoners1 and refrains from all unnecessary cruelty4 ,in that miniature hell over which he presides he has suppressed many a horror4' #8,and who else is here sure of eternal life8' continues the ,rabbi4 ,elijah then points to two motley-dressed fellows1 clowns1 who were supplying amusement to the bystanders4 ,the ,rabbi's astonishment knew no bounds4 #8,scorn them not1' explains the prophet2 #8it is always their habit1 even when not performing for hire1 to cheer the depressed and the sorrowful4 ,whenever they see a sufferer they join him1 and by merry talk cause him to forget his grief4' ,the heart ennobles any calling4 ,a turnkey may leave the saintly behind in true merit of life2 and a jester may be first in the kingdom of heaven1 if disinterestedly he has diminished the sadness of human lives4 ,,ii #8,,we ,,live ,,in ,,deeds1 ,,not ,,years' ,a ,,king had a vineyard1 and he hired a number of labourers1 one of whom worked more diligently and better than the others4 ,what did the king8 ,he took him by the hand and showed him friendship1 and walked in the vineyard conversing with him4 ,at eventide1 all the labourers came to receive their hire1 and the king paid that labourer too for a full day's work4 ,then were the other labourers sorely vexed4 ,they said1 #8,behold1 we have worked the whole day1 whereas this one has only worked a few hours'4 ,then said the king1 #8,why do you speak thus8 ,consider4 ,this one1 in a few hours1 did more work for me than you who toiled the whole day long4' ,,iii ,,the ,,acorn ,a ,,rabbi was once passing through a field where he saw a very old man planting an oak-tree4 #8,why are you planting that tree8' said he4 #8,you surely do not expect to live long enough to see the acorn growing up into an oak-tree8' #8,ah1' replied the old man1 #8my ancestors planted trees not for themselves1 but for us1 in order that we might enjoy their shade or their fruit4 ,i am doing likewise for those who will come after me4' ,,iv ,,earthly ,,treasures ,,alexander1 the world conqueror1 came across a simple people in ,africa who knew not war4 ,he lingered to learn their ways4 ,two citizens appeared before their chief with this point of dispute3 ,one had bought a piece of land and discovered a treasure in it2 he claimed that this belonged to the seller1 and wished to return it4 ,the seller1 on the other hand1 declared that he sold the land with all it might contain4 ,so he refused to accept the treasure4 ,the chief1 turning to the buyer1 said3 #8,thou hast a son8' #8,yes4' ,and addressing the seller1 #8,thou hast a daughter8' #8,yes4' #8,marry one to the other and make the treasure their marriage portion4' ,they left content4 #8,in my country'1 said the surprised ,alexander1 #8the disputants would have been imprisoned1 and the treasure confiscated for the king4' #8,is your country blessed by sun and rain8' asked the chief4 #8,yes1' replied ,alexander4 #8,does it contain cattle8' #8,yes4' #8,then it must be for the sake of these innocent animals that the sun shines upon it2 surely its people are unworthy of such blessing4' ,v ,,alexander ,,at ,,the ,,gates ,,of ,,paradise ,,alexander the ,great1 in his travels in the ,east1 one day wandered to the gate of ,paradise4 ,he knocked1 and the guardian angel asked1 #8,who is there8' #8,alexander1' was the answer4 #8,who is ,alexander8' #8,alexander1 you knowthe ,alexander,alexander the ,great,conqueror of the world4' #8,we know him nothe cannot enter here4 ,this is the ,lord's gate2 only the righteous enter4' ,alexander then more humbly begged for something to show he had reached the heavenly gate1 and a small fragment of a human skull was thrown to him1 with the words1 #8,weigh it'4 ,he took it away1 and showed it contemptuously to his ,wise ,men1 who brought a pair of scales1 and1 placing the bone in one1 ,alexander put some of his silver and gold against it in the other2 but the small bone outweighed them all4 ,more and more silver and gold were put into the scale1 and at last all his crown jewels and diadems were in2 but they all flew upwards like feathers before the weight of the bone1 till one of the ,wise ,men placed a few grains of dust on the bone4 ,up flew the scale6 ,the bone was that which surrounded the eye1 and nothing will ever satisfy the eye until covered by the dust of the grave4 ,,vi ,,heavenly ,,treasures ,,king ,,monobaz1 who in the days of the ,second ,temple became a proselyte to ,judaism1 unlocked his ancestral treasures at a time of famine1 and distributed them among the poor4 ,his ministers rebuked him1 saying1 #8,thy fathers amassed1 thou dost squander'4 #8,nay1' said the benevolent king1 #8they preserved earthly1 but ,i heavenly1 treasures2 theirs could be stolen1 mine are beyond mortal reach2 theirs were barren1 mine will bear fruit time without end2 they preserved money1 ,i have preserved lives4 ,the treasures which my fathers laid by are for this world1 mine are for eternity4' ,,vii ,,toleration ,an aged man1 whom ,abraham hospitably invited to his tent1 refused to join him in prayer to the one spiritual ,god4 ,learning that he was a fire-worshipper1 ,abraham drove him from his door4 ,that night ,god appeared to ,abraham in a vision and said3 #8,i have borne with that ignorant man for seventy years3 could you not have patiently suffered him one night8' ,,viii ,,the ,,torah ,,is ,,israel',s ,,life ,,once the ,romans issued a decree that the ,jews should no longer occupy themselves in the study of the ,torah4 ,rabbi ,akiba1 however1 was most zealous in spreading a love and knowledge of the ,torah amongst all the ,jewish communities4 ,one day his friend ,pappus met him and spake thus3 #8,akiba1 art thou not afraid8 ,thou surely must know that thy deeds will bring thee into mortal danger6' #8,stay a while6' retorted ,akiba1 #8let me tell thee a story3 ,a fox was walking on the brink of a stream1 in the clear waters of which were a number of fishes running to and fro4 ,said the fox to the fishes1 #8,why do you run so8' #8,we run'1 replied they1 #8because we fear the fishermen's nets4' #8,come up on the dry land'1 said the fox1 #8and live with me in safety1 even as my forefathers once lived in safety with yours4' ,but the fishes said1 #8,this surely is not the cleverest amongst animals that speaks thus4 ,water is our natural home4 ,if we are not safe there1 how much less safe should we be on land1 where we must surely die6' ,it is exactly so with us ,jews'1 continued ,akiba4 #8,the ,torah is our life and the length of our days4 ,we may1 whilst loving and studying the ,torah1 be in great danger from our enemies2 but if we were to give up its study1 we should speedily disappear and be no more4' ,,ix ,,israel',s ,,loyalty ,,there was once a man who betrothed himself to a beautiful maiden and then went away1 and the maiden waited and he came not4 ,friends and rivals mocked her and said1 #8,he will never come'4 ,she went into her room and took out the letters in which he had promised to be ever faithful4 ,weeping she read them and was comforted4 ,in time he returned1 and inquiring how she had kept her faith so long1 she showed him his letters4 ,israel in misery1 in captivity1 was mocked by the nations for her hopes of redemption2 but ,israel went into her schools and synagogues and took out the letters1 and was comforted4 ,god would in time redeem her and say1 #8,how could you alone among all the mocking nations be faithful8' ,then ,israel would point to the ,law and the ,prophets and answer1 #8,had ,i not your promise here8' ,x ,,the ,,jewels ,,rabbi ,,meir sat during the whole of the ,sabbath-day in the ,school instructing the people4 ,during his absence from the house his two sons died1 both of them of uncommon beauty1 and enlightened in the ,law4 ,his wife bore them to her bedchamber1 and spread a white covering over their bodies4 ,in the evening ,rabbi ,meir came home4 #8,where are my sons8' he asked4 #8,i repeatedly looked round the ,school1 and ,i did not see them there4' ,she reached him a goblet4 ,he praised the ,lord at the going out of the ,sabbath1 drank1 and again asked3 #8,where are my sons8' #8,they will not be afar off'1 she said1 and placed food before him that he might eat4 ,when he had said grace after the meal1 she thus addressed him3 #8,with thy permission1 ,i would fain propose to thee one question'4 #8,ask it then'1 he replied4 #8,a few days ago a person entrusted some jewels into my custody1 and now he demands them of me2 should ,i give them back again8' #8,this is a question'1 said the ,rabbi1 #8which my wife should not have thought it necessary to ask4 ,what6 wouldst thou hesitate to restore to every one his own8' #8,no1' she replied2 #8but yet ,i thought it best not to restore them without acquainting you therewith4' ,she then led him to the chamber1 and took the white covering from the dead bodies4 #8,ah1 my sons6 my sons6' loudly lamented the father4 #8,my sons6 the light of my eyes6' ,the mother turned away and wept bitterly4 ,at length she took her husband by the hand1 and said3 #8,didst thou not teach me that we must not be reluctant to restore that which was entrusted to our keeping8 ,seethe ,lord gave1 and the ,lord hath taken away2 blessed be the name of the ,lord6' ,,xi ,,the ,,two ,,ships ,,two ships were once seen to be sailing near land4 ,one of them was going forth from the harbour1 and the other was coming into the harbour4 ,every one was cheering the outgoing ship1 and every one was giving it a hearty send-off4 ,but the incoming ship was scarcely noticed4 ,a wise man was looking at the two ships1 and he said3 #8,rejoice not over the ship that is setting out to sea1 for you know not what destiny awaits it1 what storms it may encounter1 what dangers it may have to undergo4 ,rejoice rather over the ship that has reached port safely and brought back all its passengers in peace4' ,it is the way of the world1 that when a human being is born1 all rejoice2 but when he dies1 all sorrow4 ,rather ought the opposite to be the case4 ,no one can tell what troubles await the child on its journey into manhood4 ,but when a man has lived and dies in peace1 all should rejoice1 seeing that he has completed his journey1 and is departing this world with the imperishable crown of a good name4 ,,xii ,,the ,,man ,,and ,,his ,,three ,,friends ,a ,,certain man had three friends1 two of whom he loved dearly1 but the other he lightly esteemed4 ,it happened one day that the king commanded his presence at court1 at which he was greatly alarmed1 and wished to procure an advocate4 ,accordingly he went to the two friends whom he loved2 one flatly refused to accompany him1 the other offered to go with him as far as the king's gate1 but no farther4 ,in his extremity he called upon the third friend1 whom he least esteemed1 and he not only went willingly with him1 but so ably defended him before the king that he was acquitted4 ,in like manner1 every man has three friends when ,death summons him to appear before his ,creator4 ,his first friend1 whom he loves most1 namely1 his money1 cannot go with him a single step2 his second1 relations and neighbours1 can only accompany him to the grave1 but cannot defend him before the ,judge2 while his third friend1 whom he does not highly esteemhis good worksgoes with him before the ,king1 and obtains his acquittal4 ,,xiii ,,vanity ,,of ,,human ,,pleasure ,a ,,fox was eyeing longingly some luscious fruit in a very fine garden4 ,but there was no way for him to enter4 ,at last he espied an opening through which1 he thought1 he might possibly get in1 but soon found the hole too small to admit his body4 #8,true1' he said1 #8the hole is small1 but if ,i fast three days my body will become sufficiently reduced to admit me4' ,he did so2 and to his joy he now feasted to his heart's content upon the grapes and all the other good things in the orchard4 ,but lo6 when he desired to escape before the master of the garden came upon him he saw1 to his great consternation1 that the opening had again become too small for him4 ,poor animal6 he had a second time to fast three days2 and having made good his escape1 he cast a farewell glance upon the scene of his late revels1 saying3 #8,o garden1 charming art thou and exquisite are thy fruits6 ,but of what avail hast thou been unto me8 ,what have ,i now for all my labour and cunning8' ,it is even so with man4 ,naked he comes into the world1 naked he must leave it4 ,of all his toil therein he carries nothing away with him save the fruits of his good deeds4 ,,xiv ,,body ,,and ,,soul ,,the ,roman ,emperor ,antoninus once said to ,rabbi ,judah the ,prince1 #8,on the great ,day of ,judgement1 soul and body will each plead excuse for sin committed4 ,the body will say to the ,heavenly ,judge1 8,it is the soul1 and not ,i1 that has sinned4 ,without it ,i am as lifeless as a stone40 ,on the other hand1 the soul will say1 8,how canst ,thou impute sin to me8 ,it is the body that has dragged me down40' #8,let me tell you a parable'1 answered ,rabbi ,judah the ,prince4 #8,a king once had a beautiful garden stocked with the choicest fruits4 ,he set two men to keep guard over ita blind man and a lame man4 8,i see some fine fruit yonder01 said the lame man one day4 8,come up on my shoulder01 said the blind man1 8,i will carry you to the spot1 and we shall both enjoy the fruit40 ,the owner1 missing the fruit1 haled both men before him for punishment4 8,how could ,i have been the thief80 queried the lame man1 8seeing that ,i cannot walk80 8,could ,i have stolen the fruit80 retorted the blind man2 8,i am unable to see anything40 ,what did the king8 ,he placed the lame man on the shoulders of the blind man and sentenced them both as one4' ,in the same way will the ,divine ,judge of the ,universe mete out judgement to body and soul jointly4 ,,almighty1 ,,what ,,is ,,man8 ,,almighty6 what is man8 ,but flesh and blood4 ,like shadows flee his days1 ,he marks not how they vanish from his gaze1 ,now like a flower blowing1 ,now scorched by sunbeams glowing4 ,and wilt ,thou of his trespasses inquire8 ,how may he ever bear ,thine anger just1 ,thy vengeance dire8 ,then spare him1 be ,thou merciful1 ,o ,king1 ,upon the dreaded day of reckoning6 ,almighty6 what is man8 ,a faded leaf6 ,if ,thou dost weigh him in the balancelo6 ,he disappearsa breath that thou dost blow4 ,his heart is ever filled ,with lust of lies unstilled4 ,wilt ,thou bear in mind his crime ,unto all time8 ,he fades away like clouds sun-kissed1 ,dissolves like mist4 ,then spare him6 let him love and mercy win1 ,according to ,thy grace1 and not according to his sin6 ,,solomon ,,ibn ,,gabirol1 #ajej4 7,trans4 ,emma ,lazarus47 ,,resignation ,,righteous art ,thou1 ,o ,god1 and ever just1 ,and none can question1 none withstand ,thy will2 ,and though our hearts be humbled to the dust1 ,teach us1 through all1 to see ,thy mercy still4 ,our life is measured out by ,thee above1 ,and to ,thy will each human heart must bow2 ,no frail remonstrance mars our perfect love1 ,no man shall say to ,thee1 #8,what doest ,thou8' ,when suffering to human fault is due1 ,forgive1 ,o ,lord1 and stay ,thine hand1 we pray2 ,and when it brings but trial of faith anew1 ,turn ,thou the night of gloom to trustful day4 ,when blessings bring ,thy sunshine to our heart1 ,let gratitude uplift each soul at rest2 ,and when to bear our griefs becomes our part1 ,let faith and hope exhort us,god knows best4 ,the ,lord hath givenpraise unto ,his ,name6 ,but with that praise our task is but begun4 ,the ,lord hath takenstill our thought the same1 ,his is ,law our ,law2 ,his will1 not ours1 be done4 ,a4 ,a4 ,,green1 #aiag4 ,,immortality ,,there are those who gain eternity in a lifetime1 others who gain it in one brief hour4 ,,talmud4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rabbi ,,jacob#hf said3 ,this world is like a vestibule before the world to come4 ,prepare thyself in the vestibule1 so that thou mayest enter into the palace4 ,better is one hour of repentance and good deeds in this world than the whole life in the world to come2 and better is one hour of blissfulness of spirit in the world to come than the whole life of this world4 ,,ethics ,,of ,,the ,,fathers4 ,,eternal ,,hope ,,whom have ,i in heaven but ,thee8 ,and there is none upon earth that ,i desire beside ,thee4 ,my flesh and my heart faileth3 ,but ,god is the strength of my heart and my portion for ever4 ,,psalm #gc4 #bef4 ,,true ,,wisdom ,,surely there is a mine for silver1 ,and a place for gold which they refine4 ,iron is taken out of the earth1 ,and brass is molten out of the stone4 ,man setteth an end to darkness1 ,and searcheth out to the farthest bound ,the stones of thick darkness and of the shadow of death4 ,he breaketh open a shaft away from where men sojourn2 ,he putteth forth his hand upon the flinty rock2 ,he overturneth the mountains by the roots4 ,he cutteth out passages among the rocks1 ,and his eye seeth every precious thing4 ,he bindeth the streams that they trickle not1 ,and the thing that is hid bringeth he forth to light4 ,but where shall wisdom be found8 ,and where is the place of understanding8 ,man knoweth not the price thereof2 ,neither is it found in the land of the living4 ,the deep saith1 ,it is not in me3 ,and the sea saith1 ,it is not with me4 ,it cannot be gotten for gold1 ,neither shall silver be weighed for the price thereof4 ,whence then cometh wisdom8 ,and where is the place of understanding8 ,destruction and ,death say1 ,we have heard a rumour thereof with our ears1 ,god understandeth the way thereof1 ,and ,he knoweth the place thereof1 ,and unto man ,he said1 ,behold1 the fear of the ,lord1 that is wisdom2 ,and to depart from evil is understanding4 ,,job #bh4 #ad1 #iae1 #bj1 #bbc1 #bh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rabbi ,,tarphon#hg said3 ,the day is short1 and the work is great1 but the labourers are idle1 though the reward be great1 and the ,master of the work is urgent4 ,it is not incumbent upon thee to complete the work2 but neither art thou free to desist from it4 ,faithful is thine ,employer to pay the reward of thy labour4 ,but know that the reward unto the righteous is not of this world4 ,,ethics ,,of ,,the ,,fathers4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,remember also thy ,creator in the days of thy youth1 or ever the evil days come1 and the years draw nigh1 when thou shalt say1 ,i have no pleasure in them3 or ever the sun and the light1 and the moon and the stars be darkened1 and the clouds return after the rain2 and the dust return to the earth as it was1 and the spirit return to ,god who gave it4 ,this is the end of the matter2 all hath been heard3 fear ,god1 and keep ,his commandments1 for this is the whole duty of man4 ,,ecclesiastes #ab4 #ab1 #g1 #ac4 ,,notes ,,throughout this ,jewish ,anthology the unit of selection is the ,jewish thought4 ,abridgement has therefore been unhesitatingly resorted to wherever condensation helped to make the thought stand out in clearer light4 ,utmost care has1 however1 been taken that such condensation in no way obscures the original meaning of the ,author4 ,the bibliographic notes are intended for those who may desire to extend their acquaintance with ,jewish books4 ,only such sources as are available in ,english and are within possible reach of the ordinary reader have been indicated4 ,in the ,scripture selections1 wherever the rhythm and beauty of either the ,authorized ,version or the ,revised ,version could be retained1 this has been done4 ,in the majority of cases1 however1 the quotations are from the more faithful ,jewish ,version4 ,the numbering of the ,bible verses is according to the ,hebrew text4 ,,abbreviations3 ,j4 ,q4 ,r4 ,jewish ,quarterly ,review 7,old ,series74 ,j4 ,p4 ,s4 ,jewish ,publication ,society of ,america1 ,philadelphia4 ,j4 ,e4 ,jewish ,encyclopedia4 ,this standard reference work should be consulted for fuller information on the authors1 sources1 and subjects brought together in this book4 ,i ,,page #c4 ,jacobs3 #8,the ,typical ,character of ,anglo-,jewry1' ,j4 ,q4 ,r41 #ahih4 ,aguilar3 ,the ,spirit of ,judaism1 chap4 viii4 ,a4 ,s4 ,isaacs' ,the ,young ,champion is a biography of ,grace ,aguilar for young readers4 ,j4 ,p4 ,s41 #aiaf4 #e4 ,for ,eleazar of ,worms1 see ,m4 ,joseph in ,jews' ,college ,jubilee ,volume1 #aije4 #f4 ,montefiore3 ,from a ,sermon preached before the ,jewish students of ,cambridge ,university4 #8,individual offences bring shame not only upon the persons who commit them1 but upon the entire race1 which1 says an old writer1 like a harp-string1 has but to be struck at one end and it vibrates throughout4 ,this has been the fate of ,israel in every age2 and the world's habit of identifying the race with the shortcomings of the individual seems to be ineradicable4 ,public transgressiontransgression which involves the whole ,house of ,israelis in a special sense branded as a ,chillul ,hashem1 as 8a profanation of the ,name0 just as good deeds1 done publicly1 which reflect lustre on all ,israel1 are praised as a ,kiddush ,hashem1 8a sanctification of the ,name04' 7,morris ,joseph1 ,judaism as ,life and ,creed4 #crd ,edition4 ,routledgean excellent book that should be in every ,english-speaking ,jewish home47 #gi4 ,for other specimens of ,jewish ,moralists see ,hebrew ,characteristics1 published by the old ,american ,jewish ,publication ,society1 #ahgb2 and ,i4 ,abrahams1 #8,jewish ,ethical ,wills1' in ,j4 ,q4 ,r41 #ahia4 #aj4 ,philipson3 ,old ,european ,jewries1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s4 #aa4 ,lazarus3 ,quoted in ,nahida ,remy1 ,the ,jewish ,woman4 7,bloch ,publishing ,co41 ,new ,york47 ,the ,jewish ,home,cf4 ,morris ,joseph on the question of intermarriage4 #8,every ,jew should feel himself bound1 even though the duty involves the sacrifice of precious affections1 to avoid acts calculated1 however remotely1 to weaken the stability of the ancestral religion4 ,it is true that occasional unions between ,jew and ,gentile do no appreciable harm to the ,jewish cause1 however much mischief they may lay up1 in the shape of jealousy and dissension1 for those who contract them1 and of religious confusion1 for the children4 ,but a general practice begins as a rule by being occasional4 ,every ,jew who contemplates marriage outside the pale must regard himself as paving the way to a disruption which will be the final1 as it will be the culminating1 disaster in the history of his people4' #ab4 ,szold3 #8,what has ,judaism done for ,woman8' in ,judaism at the ,chicago ,world's ,parliament of ,religions1 ,cincinnati1 #ahid4 ,cradle ,song3 quoted in ,schechter1 ,studies in ,judaism1 i1 #ahif4 #8,the ,child in ,jewish ,literature4' ,another version in ,i4 ,zangwill's ,they that ,walk in ,darkness is as follows3 ,sleep1 my birdie1 shut your eyes1 ,oh1 sleep1 my little one2 ,too soon from cradle you'll arise ,to work that must be done4 ,almonds and raisins you shall sell1 ,and ,holy ,scrolls shall write2 ,so sleep1 dear child1 sleep sound and well1 ,your future beckons bright4 ,brum shall learn of ancient days1 ,and love good folk of this2 ,so sleep1 dear babe1 your mother prays1 ,and ,god will send you bliss4 ,for the ,yiddish folk-song see ,wiener1 ,history of ,yiddish ,literature in the ,nineteenth ,century1 ,new ,york and ,london1 #ahii2 and ,kurt ,schindler1 #8,the ,russian-,jewish ,folk ,song'1 in ,the ,menorah ,journal1 ,new ,york1 #aiag4 #8,the ,russian ,jewish folk-song has grown and was reared under the greatest oppression1 and the grimmest tyranny that a race ever went through4 ,by this very oppression it has become tense1 quivering1 abounding with emotion2 in its melodies the ,jewish heart is laid open1 and it speaks in a language understandable to all4 ,its songs have an elemental appealthey represent the collective outcry of a suffering1 unbendable race4' 7,schindler47 #ac4 ,cohen3 ,preface1 ,children's ,psalm ,book4 7,routledge47 ,the following words recently written by ,america's leading educationist are of deep significance3#8,education the world over was at first for a long time almost solely religious1 and1 while it was once a master-stroke of toleration to eliminate it from the school1 in doing so we nearly lost from our educational system the greatest of all the motives that makes for virtue1 reverence1 self-knowledge and self-control4 ,now we are beginning to realize the wrong we have committed against child-nature and are seeking in various ways to atone for it4' 7,g4 ,stanley ,hall1 in ,introduction to ,l4 ,grossmann's ,the ,aims of ,teaching in ,jewish ,schools1 ,cincinnati1 #aiai47 ,cf4 the chapter on ,religious ,education with ,bibliography in ,m4 ,friedlnder1 ,the ,jewish ,religion1 second edition 7,p4 ,vallentine74 ,morais3 in ,abarbanel's ,school and ,family ,reader for ,israelites1 ,new ,york1 #ahhc1 a book well worth reprinting4 #ad4 ,joseph1 ,the ,message of ,judaism 7,g4 ,routledge71 #8,hebrew and the ,synagogue4' #ae4 ,schechter3 ,seminary ,addresses1 ,ark ,publishing ,co41 ,cincinnati1 #aiae4 ,these addresses of eloquent wisdom contain the ripest thoughts of that great scholar4 ,in #ahgj ,peretz ,smolenskin1 then the foremost neo-,hebrew writer1 proclaimed3 #8,the wilfully blind bid us be like all the other nations4 ,yea1 let us be like all the other nations1 unashamed of the rock whence we have been hewn2 like the rest1 holding dear our language and the honour of our people4 ,we need not blush for clinging to the ancient language with which we wandered from land to land1 in which our poets sang1 and our seers prophesied1 and in which our fathers poured out their hearts unto ,god4 ,they who thrust us away from the ,hebrew language meditate evil against our people and against its glory4' #bj4 ,maimonides3 ,some scholars question the ,maimonidean authorship of this ,admonition4 #bb4 ,in ,year ,book of ,central ,conference of ,american ,rabbis1 #aijd4 #bc4 ,aspects of ,rabbinic ,theology1 p4 #gf4 #bd4 ,adler3 ,anglo-,jewish ,memories1 p4 #bgb4 #be4 ,gabirol3 ,probably the very earliest enunciation of ,tolerance in ,western ,europe4 #bg4 ,against ,apion1 concluding paragraphs4 ,ecclesiasticus3 ,written originally in ,hebrew by ,simon ben ,jeshua ben ,sira1 who flourished in ,jerusalem in the second century1 ,b4,c4,e4 ,translated into ,greek by the author's grandson1 who resided in ,egypt between #acbaaf4 ,the ,hebrew original was lost for over #a1jjj years1 and was re-discovered in the ,cairo ,geniza by ,dr4 ,schechter in #ahif4 #bh4 ,the change from the ,revised ,version in the second line is according to the newly-discovered ,hebrew original4 ,their name liveth for evermore2 the phrasing of the ,authorized ,version has been restored4 ,these five words have been chosen by the ,imperial ,war ,graves ,commission as the inscription for the central monuments on the cemeteries in ,france and ,flanders4 #cj4 ,dubnow3 ,jewish ,history1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s41 chap4 #ab4 ,dubnow's sketch is a brief1 philosophical survey of ,jewish ,history4 ,hertz3 ,from ,presidential ,address1 ,union of ,jewish ,literary ,societies1 #8,on 8,renaissance0 and 8,culture0 and their ,jewish ,applications'4 #cb4 ,geiger3 ,judaism and its ,history1 ,i1 #b4 #cc4 ,aspects of ,rabbinic ,theology1 p4 #aab4 #cd4 ,jews in ,many ,lands4 ,j4 ,p4 ,s4 #ce4 ,singer3 ,sermons1 i4 #8,judaism and ,citizenship4' 7,routledge47 #cf4 ,achad ,ha'am3 ,selected ,essays1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s41 #aiab4 #8,some ,consolation4' ,a number of those original and thought-compelling essays have been republished in the series ,zionist ,pamphlets1 #aiaf #aiag4 ,the words #8,the ,duty of ,self-,respect' are the title of a paper by the late ,f4 ,d4 ,mocatta4 #cg4 ,nordau3 ,address at ,first ,zionist ,congress1 ,basle4 ,schechter3 ,seminary ,addresses4 #8,higher ,criticism,higher ,anti-,semitism4' #ch4 ,disraeli3 ,from ,preface to ,collected ,works of ,isaac ,d',israeli4 #ci4 ,hertz3 ,from ,reply to #8,verax'1 ,the ,times1 ,november #bi1 #aiai4 ,recent anti-,semitic attacks in the ,press recall ,steinschneider's comment3 #8,when dealing with ,jewish questions it is not necessary to be either logical or fair4 ,it seems one may say anything of ,jews so long as it brings them into contempt4' #dj4 ,an ,epistle to the ,hebrews4 ,letter #d4 ,republished by the ,federation of ,american ,zionists1 #aijj4 #da4 ,these stirring lines were written during the ,boer ,war4 #db4 ,dr4 ,adler continues3 #8,here we are spared the most distressful sight1 the revival of odious religious prejudices and pernicious racial antipathies4' ,these words would require some qualification to-day4 #dc4 ,songs of a ,wanderer1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s4 #dh4 #8,why am ,i a ,jew8' ,north ,american ,review4 ,a similar thought is expressed by the same writer in his ,address at the ,chicago ,parliament of ,religions3 #8,there is a legend that when ,adam and ,eve were turned out of ,eden1 an angel shattered the gates1 and the fragments flying all over the earth are the precious stones4 ,we can carry the legend further4 ,the precious stones were picked up by the various religions and philosophies of the world4 ,each claimed and claims that its own fragment alone reflects the light of heaven4 ,in ,god's own time we shall1 all of us1 fit our fragments together and reconstruct the ,gates of ,paradise4 ,through the gates shall all peoples pass to the foot of ,god's throne4 ,the throne is called by us the mercy-seat4 ,name of happy augury1 for ,god's ,mercy shall wipe out all record of mankind's errors and strayings1 the sad story of our unbrotherly actions4' #di4 ,judaism as ,creed and ,life4 ,book ,,iii1 chap4 x4 ,book ,,iii is the best modern presentation of the ethical life under the aspect of ,judaism4 ,,ii #ec4 ,lucas3 ,the ,jewish ,year1 ,macmillan1 #ahih4 ,every one of ,mrs4 ,lucas's admirable versions of the principal mediaeval ,jewish hymns quoted in this book are from the above volume4 #eh4 ,levi3 ,see ,miss ,helen ,zimmern's monograph on #8,david ,levi1 ,poet and ,patriot'1 in the ,j4 ,q4 ,r41 #ahig4 #ei4 ,zangwill3 #8,the ,position of ,judaism'4 ,north ,american ,review4 #fj4 ,schechter3 ,seminary ,addresses4 #8,higher ,criticism,higher ,anti-,semitism'4 #fa4 ,sulzberger3 ,from ,address at the ,decennial ,meeting of the ,j4 ,p4 ,s4 ,leeser3 ,preface1 ,the ,twenty-four ,books of the ,holy ,scriptures4 #fb4 ,adler3 ,from a ,sermon1 #8,this ,book of the ,law'4 #fc4 ,rashi3 ,on ,exodus vi4 #i4 ,scripture must be interpreted according to its plain1 natural sensean epoch-making pronouncement in the history of ,bible exegesis4 ,though he is not the author of this canon of interpretation1 ,rashi is the first seriously to attempt its application4 #8,rashi deserves the foremost place which the judgment of ,jewish scholars generally accords him4 ,he has two of the greatest and rarest gifts of the commentator1 the instinct to discern precisely the point at which explanation is necessary1 and the art of giving or indicating the needed help in the fewest words4' 7,g4 ,f4 ,moore47 #fd4 ,halevi3 ,cusari1 ii1 #ef4 ,translated by ,h4 ,hirschfeld under the ,arabic title ,kitab ,al-,khazari 7,routledge71 #aije4 ,geiger3 ,judaism and its ,history1 ,i1 #c4 #fg4 ,jacobs3 ,jewish ,contributions to ,civilization1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s4 ,shemtob3 ,a remarkable anticipation by over three and a half centuries of the modern view of the rle of the ,prophets4 ,compare with the two other selections on the ,prophets the following by ,felix ,adler3 #8,either we must place nature uppermost1 or man uppermost4 ,if we choose the former1 then man himself becomes a mere soulless tool in the hands of destiny1 a part of a machine1 the product of his circumstances4 ,if we choose the latter1 then all nature will catch a reflected light from the glory of the moral aims of man4 #8,the ,hebrew ,prophets chose the latter alternative4 ,they asserted the freedom of man2 and the general conscience of mankind1 despite all cavilings and sophistry to the contrary1 has ever responded to their declaration with a loud ,amen4 ,they argued1 to put their thought in modern language1 that we may fairly judge of the whole course of evolution by its highest outcome1 and they believed its highest outcome to be1 not mere mechanical order of beauty1 but righteousness4 #8,the ,hebrew ,prophets interpreted the universe in terms of humanity's aspirations4 ,they believe that the ends of justice are too precious to be lost2 that1 if righteousness is not yet real in the world1 it must be made real2 and1 hence1 that there must be a ,power in the world which makes for righteousness4' #fh4 ,darmesteter3 ,selected ,essays1 translated by ,jastrow1 ,n4,y41 #ahie4 ,lazarus3 ,the ,spirit of ,judaism1 ,new ,york1 #ahie4 #fi4 ,the ,literary ,remains of ,emanuel ,deutsch1 #ahgd4 ,the ,talmud3 ,two ,essays by ,deutsch and ,darmesteter1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s41 #aiaa4 #ga4 ,chapters in ,jewish ,literature1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s4 ,preface4 #gc4 ,magnus3 ,outlines of ,jewish ,history1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s41 p4 #ccc4 #gd4 ,jacobs3 ,jewish ,ideals and other ,essays1 #ahif4 ,halevi3 ,cusari1 ii1 #cf4 ,gaster3 ,presidential ,address1 ,transactions of ,jewish ,historical ,society of ,england1 vol4 viii4 #ge4 ,jewish ,history1 concluding paragraph4 #gf4 ,zunz3 ,synagogale ,poesie des ,mittelalters1 chap4 ii4 #8,leiden4' ,this wonderful presentation of the ,sufferings of the ,jews in the ,middle ,ages has been translated by ,dr4 ,a4 ,lwy in ,miscellany of ,hebrew ,literature4 ,first ,series1 #ahgb2 and has been republished in the #8,library of ,jewish ,classics'1 ,bloch ,publishing ,co41 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4 #gg4 ,antiquities of the ,jews4 ,book xviii1 #h4 #hj4 ,dean ,plumptre1 ,lazarus and other ,poems4 #hb4 ,heine3 ,the following is a more literal version by ,nina ,salaman3 ,break out in loud lamenting1 ,thou sombre martyr-song1 ,that all aflame ,i have carried ,in my silent soul so long4 ,into all ears it presses1 ,thence every heart to gain ,i have conjured up so fiercely ,the thousand-year-old pain4 ,the great and small are weeping1 ,even men so cold of eye2 ,the women weep and the flowers1 ,the stars are weeping on high4 ,and all these tears are flowing ,in silent brotherhood1 ,southward-flowing and falling ,all into ,jordan's flood4 #hc4 ,curiosities of ,literature1 vol4 ii4 #hf4 ,abarbanel's ,reader4 #hg4 ,poems of ,emma ,lazarus1 ,new ,york1 #ahhi1 vol4 ii4 #hi4 ,songs of ,exile1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s41 #aija4 #ij4 ,from #8,jewish ,ethics' 7,m4 ,joseph7 in ,religious ,systems of the ,world1 ,london1 #ahib4 #ia4 #8,vindiciae ,judaeorum'1 i4 #g1 in ,l4 ,wolf1 ,manasseh ,ben ,israel's ,mission to ,oliver ,cromwell1 #aija4 #ib4 ,hirsch3 ,nineteen ,letters of ,ben ,uziel1 #afth ,letter 7,funk and ,wagnalls7 ,new ,york1 #ahii4 #ie4 ,j4 ,e41 vol4 xii1 #cdh4 #if4 ,hertz3 #8,lord ,rothschild3 ,a ,memorial ,sermon4' #ig4 ,history of the ,jews in ,poland and ,russia 7,putnams71 #aiae1 conclusion4 #ii4 ,past and ,present3 ,a ,collection of ,jewish ,essays1 chap4 xvi1 ,ark ,publishing ,co41 ,cincinnati1 #aiai4 #aja4 #8,what is a pogrom8 ,better than any abstract definition is a concrete record taken haphazard of an actual pogrom4 ,orscha is a town of #ad1jjj inhabitants1 half of them ,jews4 ,on ,october #ah1 #aije1 the news of the proclamation of the ,constitution reached ,orscha4 ,on the #aith the general strike stopped2 ,jew and ,christian embraced2 the houses were hung with flags1 a service of thanksgiving was held2 processions filled the streets4 ,in the evening the ,mohilev police officer ,misgaib entered the town1 and the rumour ran round that a patriotic demonstration was to take place and the ,jews to be beaten4 ,on the #bjth1 drunken men gathered to take the official's orders4 ,on the morning of the #bast1 the peasants entered the town armed with axes and guns4 8,the village authorities have sent us2 whoever does not come will be punished4 ,we are to do whatever is ordered40 ,at one o'clock a priest exhorted the crowds of the faithful to purge their city of the aliens1 and the cry arose1 8,long live absolutism6 ,down with the mayor1 who has sold the town to the ,jews04 ,the first murders followed4 ,the house of a rich ,jew was stormed4 ,without the soldiers fired1 a priest held service1 and a band played the national anthem2 while within eight men1 women and children were tortured to death4 ,the appetite was only whetted4 ,at six o'clock the peasants begged the police for more orders1 more work4 ,they were told to wait till daylight2 the darkness might encourage the ,jews to resist4 ,on the same day twelve ,jewish youths came from ,shklov to help their brethren4 ,they were met at the station and murdered1 and for seven hours every man that passed mutilated or insulted their dead bodies4 ,the massacre became general4 ,the #bcrd was given up to plunder4 ,at mid-day the ,vice-,governor spoke to the crowds3 8,children1 it is enough4 ,you have had three days' amusement1 now go home and sing #8,god save the ,czar'04 ,the pogrom at ,orscha was typical of the #fij greater and lesser pogroms which took place that ,october4' 7,h4 ,sacher on #8,die ,judenpogromme in ,russland'4 ,jewish ,review1 i47 #ajf4 ,wolf3 #8,the ,legal ,sufferings of the ,jews in ,russia4' ,lazarus3 ,first appeared in #8,songs of a ,semite'1 ,new ,york1 #ahhb4 ,each crime that wakes in man the beast1 ,is visited upon his kind4 ,the lines1 written in #ahhb1 apply with hundredfold force to the uninterrupted pogroms that have been raging in the ,ukraine throughout #aiai4 ,more than #ajj1jjj ,jewsmen1 women1 and childrenhave been butchered in cold blood by the hordes under ,generals ,denikin and ,petlura4 ,the soldiery1 intoxicated with blood1 invented the most diabolical tortures4 ,see the ,report on ,jewish ,pogroms by ,kieff ,pogrom ,relief ,committee1 controlled by the ,russian ,red ,cross1 ,london1 #aibj4 #8,our masses in ,eastern ,europe have been facing death in seven circles of hell4 ,it is sufficient to remember the multi-massacres of ,ukrainia4 ,for this cold murder of whole communities not ,heaven itself nor all the mercy of the angels could find palliation4 ,there is no instance that shows so much as this the ghastly descent of human character into primitive brutality and cannibalism4 ,this is a deed which in its horror and wicked purposelessness should have stunned the world4' 7,nahum ,sokolow1 ,opening ,address of ,london ,zionist ,conference1 ,july #g1 #aibj47 ,the following stanzas are from ,mr4 ,zangwill's appeal to ,american ,jewry on behalf of the victims3 ,,our ,,own ,by devastated dwellings1 ,by desecrated fanes1 ,by hearth-stones1 cold and crimsoned1 ,and slaughter-reeking lanes1 ,again is the ,hebrew quarter ,through half of ,europe known2 ,and crouching in the shambles1 ,rachel1 the ancient crone1 ,weeps again for her children and the fate that is her own4 ,no laughter rings in these ruins ,save of girls to madness shamed4 ,their mothers disembowelled ,lie stark 'mid children maimed4 ,the ,shool has a great congregation ,but never a psalm they drone4 ,shrouded in red-striped ,tallisim1 ,levi huddles with ,kohn2 ,but the blood from their bodies oozing is the blood that is your own4 ,shot1 some six to the bullet1 ,lashed and trailed in the dust1 ,mutilated with hatchets ,in superbestial lust ,no beast can even imagine ,what ,christians do or condone ,surely these bear our burden ,and for our sins atone1 ,and if we hide our faces1 then the guilt is as our own4 ,at last but a naked rabble1 ,clawing the dust for bread1 ,jabbering1 wailing1 whining1 ,hordes of the living dead1 ,half apes1 half ghosts1 they grovel1 ,nor human is their tone1 ,yet they are not brutes but brethren1 ,these wrecks of the hunger-zone1 ,and their death-cry rings to heaven in the tongue that is your own4 #ajg4 ,for an historical account of these child-martyrdoms1 see ,dubnow1 ,history of the ,jewish ,russia and ,poland1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s41 #aiah1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #ahbi4 #aji4 ,stories and ,pictures1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s41 #aijf1 contains the best work of ,peretz4 ,the ,yiddish original of #8,bontzie ,schweig'1 with ,english translation1 is published in ,wiener1 pp4 #ccbec4 ,with ,peretz1 ,yiddish letters #8enter into competition with what is best in the world's literature1 where he will some day occupy an honourable place4 ,peretz offers gladly all he has1 his genius1 in the service of the lowly4 ,literature1 according to him1 is a consolation to those who have no other consolation1 a safe and pleasurable retreat for those who are buffeted about on the stormy sea of life4 ,for these reasons he prefers to dwell with the down-trodden and the submerged4' 7,wiener74 #aag4 ,cf4 ,emma ,lazarus' ,banner of the ,jew3 ,oh for ,jerusalem's trumpet now1 ,to blow a blast of shattering power1 ,to wake the sleepers high and low1 ,and rouse them to the urgent hour6 ,no hand for vengeancebut to save1 ,a million naked swords should wave4 ,oh deem not dead that martial fire1 ,say not the mystic flame is spent6 ,with ,moses' law and ,david's lyre1 ,your ancient strength remains unbent4 ,let but an ,ezra rise anew1 ,to lift the ,banner of the ,jew6 ,a rag1 a mock at firstere long1 ,when men have bled and women wept ,to guard its precious folds from wrong1 ,even they who shrunk1 even they who slept1 ,shall leap to bless it1 and to save4 ,strike6 for the brave revere the brave6 #8,when the anti-,semite agitation took the form of massacre and spoliation1 several pamphlets were published by ,jews in ,russia1 advocating the restoration of the ,jewish ,state4 ,they found a powerful echo in the ,united ,states1 where a young ,jewish poetess1 ,miss ,emma ,lazarus1 passionately championed the ,zionist cause in verse not unworthy of ,yehudah ,halevi4' 7,lucien ,wolf1 ,encyclopaedia ,britannica1 #8,zionism'47 #aai4 ,seminary ,addresses1 #8,zionism'4 #abj4 ,selected ,essays1 #8,moses'4 #abc4 ,jewish ,review1 ,i4 #abd4 ,herzl3 #8,herzl's personal charm was irresistible4 ,his sincerity1 his eloquence1 his tact1 his devotion1 his power1 were recognized on all hands4 ,he spent his whole strength in the furtherance of his ideas4 ,diplomatic interviews1 exhausting journeys1 impressive mass meetings1 brilliant literary propagandaall these methods were employed by him to the utmost limit of self-denial4 ,he was beyond question the most influential ,jewish personality of the nineteenth century4 ,he effectively roused ,jews all the world over to an earnest and vital interest in their present and their future4 ,herzl thus left an indelible mark on his time1 and his renown is assured whatever be the fate in store for the political ,zionism which he founded and for which he gave his life4' 7,i4 ,abrahams in ,encyclopaedia ,britannica47 #abe4 ,herzl3 ,address at ,zionist ,congress1 ,london1 #aijj4 ,hertz3 ,address at ,thanksgiving ,meeting for the ,balfour ,declaration1 ,dec4 #b1 #aiag4 #abg4 ,herzl3 ,address at ,first ,zionist ,congress1 ,basle1 #ahig4 ,schechter3 ,aspects1 #aje4 ,noah3 ,see #8,noah's ,ark' in ,zangwill's ,dreamers of the ,ghetto for an account of this early ,american ,zionist4 ,,iii #aca4 ,cornill3 ,in the same masterly address1 ,humanity in the ,old ,testament1 this great ,biblical scholar says3 #8,but not only to man does the humanitarianism of the ,torah extend1 it cares for the brute as well1 and places it likewise under legal protection1 to which ,i know of no analogy in older extra-,israelitish codes4 ,the ,israelite ascribed a soul even to the brute1 and saw in it a creature of ,god1 which1 while subservient to man by ,god1 yet should not be helplessly exposed to his caprice4 ,what a truly humanitarian sentiment finds expression in the ,law2 8,thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn04 ,the brute should not perform hard labour1 and at the same time have food before its eyes1 without the possibility of eating therefrom4 ,i remember some time ago1 to have read that one of the richest ,italian real-estate owners1 at the grape-harvest1 fastened iron muzzles to his miserable1 fever-stricken workmen1 so that it might not occur to these poor peasants1 working for starvation wages under the glowing sun of ,southern ,italy1 to satiate their burning thirst and their gnawing hunger with a few of the millions of grapes of the owner4' #acb4 ,literature and ,dogma1 #a1 #d1 and xi1 #f4 #acc4 ,history of the ,people of ,israel4 ,preface4 #acd4 ,lotze3 ,microcosm1 ,,iii4 #ach4 ,frazer3 ,passages of the ,bible chosen for their ,literary ,beauty4,preface4 ,compare the following from the same writer's ,the ,folklore of the ,old ,testament 7,macmillan1 #aiah73 #8,the revelation of the baser elements which underlay the civilization of ancient ,israel1 as they underlie the civilization of modern ,europe1 serves rather as a foil to enhance by contrast the glory of a people which1 from such dark depths of ignorance and cruelty1 could rise to such bright heights of wisdom and virtue4 ,the annals of savagery and superstition unhappily compose a large part of human literature2 but in what other volume shall we find1 side by side with that melancholy record1 psalmists who poured forth their sweet and solemn strains of meditative piety in the solitude of the hills or in green pastures and beside still waters2 prophets who lit up their beatific visions of a blissful future with the glow of an impassioned imagination2 historians who bequeathed to distant ages the scenes of a remote past embalmed for ever in the amber of a pellucid style8 ,these are the true glories of the ,old ,testament and of ,israel4' #aci4 ,huxley3 ,educational ,essays4 #adj4 ,huxley3 #8,from the free spirit of the ,mosaic law sprang the intensity of family life that amid all dispersions and persecutions has preserved the individuality of the ,hebrew race2 that love of independence that under the most adverse circumstance has characterized the ,jew2 that burning patriotism that flamed up in the ,maccabees and bared the breasts of ,jewish peasants to the serried steel of ,grecian phalanx and the resistless onset of ,roman legion2 that stubborn courage that in exile and in torture held the ,jew to his faith4 ,it kindled that fire that has made the strains of ,hebrew seers and poets phrase for us the highest exaltations of thought2 that intellectual vigour that has over and over again made the dry staff bud and blossom4 ,and it has exerted its power wherever the influence of the ,hebrew scriptures has been felt4 ,it has toppled thrones and cast down hierarchies4' 7,henry ,george47 #ada4 ,renan3 ,history of the ,people of ,israel1 chap4 #g4 #adc4 ,moses4 ,this splendid lecture should be read in full4 ,it is published in a penny edition by the #8,land ,value' ,publication ,dept41 ,strand4 #adg4 ,dow3 #8,hebrew and ,puritan'1 ,j4 ,q4 ,r41 iii4 ,rhys3 ,lyrical ,poetry from the ,bible4 7,dent47 ,introduction4 ,cornill3 ,the ,culture of ,ancient ,israel4 ,open ,court ,publishing ,co41 ,chicago4 #8,the ,psalms in the ,world's ,literature4' #aea4 ,jowett3 ,selected ,passages from the ,theological ,writings1 #aijc1 p4 #ec4 #aeb4 ,the ,prophets of ,israel4 ,open ,court ,publishing ,co41 ,chicago1 #ahie4 #aef4 ,stanley3 ,history of the ,jewish ,church1 iii1 lecture #de4 #aeg4 #8,social ,life in ,france in the ,fourteenth ,century' 7,the ,jews71 ,fortnightly ,review1 vol4 #eg4 #aeh4 ,the ,shield1 edited by ,gorky1 c41 ,a4 ,a4 ,knopf1 ,new ,york1 #aiag4 #8,russia and the ,jews4' #aei4 ,herford3 ,pharisaism3 ,its aim and methods1 #aiab1 chap4 vi4 #afj4 #8,a ,theist's ,impressions of ,judaism'1 ,j4 ,q4 ,r41 xix4 #afb4 ,israel among the ,nations4 ,new ,york1 #ahic4 #aff4 ,rationalism in ,europe1 chap4 vi4 #aga4 ,short ,history of the ,english ,people1 chap4 viii1 i4 #agb4 ,essay and ,speech on ,jewish ,disabilities1 ed4 ,i4 ,abrahams and ,s4 ,levy4 7,jewish ,historical ,society of ,england7 #aiaj4 #agg4 ,from #8,a ,letter on the ,jew' sent to a ,jewish meeting1 ,capetown1 ,july #a1 #aijf4 #agh4 ,milyukov3 ,in ,the ,shield1 #8,the ,jewish ,question in ,russia'4 ,lecky3 ,democracy and ,liberty1 #ahif4 #agi4 ,the ,talmudic ,story is from ,three ,legends 7,berlin1 #aijd71 written and published by ,tolstoy in aid of the victims of the ,kishineff pogrom4 #ahj4 ,schreiner3 ,see ,note #agg4 #aha4 ,the ,british ,protest1 together with the ,french1 ,german1 and ,russian ,protests1 were republished in pamphlet form by the ,jewish ,chronicle in #aiac4 #ahe4 ,quoted in ,davies's ,gems from the ,fathers 7,bagster74 ,,iv #ahi4 ,philo3 ,c4 ,g4 ,montefiore1 #8,florilegium ,philonis'1 in ,j4 ,q4 ,r4 vii 7#ahie7 is a good introduction to the ,moses ,mendelssohn of ,hellenistic ,judaism4 #aic4 ,abrahams3 ,authorized ,prayer ,book1 ,annotated ,edition1 p4 viii4 ,both ,mrs4 ,lucas in ,the ,jewish ,year1 and ,mr4 ,zangwill in ,the ,service of the ,synagogue 7,routledge7 have produced versions of ,adon ,olam4 ,the following is by ,george ,borrow in ,the ,bible in ,spain3 ,reigned the ,universe's ,master1 ere were earthly things begun2 ,when ,his mandate all created1 ,ruler was the name he won2 ,and alone ,he'll rule tremendous when all things are past and gone1 ,he no equal has1 nor consort1 ,he1 the singular and lone1 ,has no end and no beginning2 ,his the sceptre1 might1 and throne4 ,he's my ,god and living ,saviour1 rock to whom in need ,i run2 ,he's my banner and my refuge1 fount of weal when call'd upon2 ,in ,his hand ,i place my spirit1 at nightfall and at rise of sun1 ,and therewith my body also2 ,god's my ,god,i fear no one4 #aid4 ,from the first ,jewish ,hymn ,book in ,americaa free rendering4 #aie4 ,the ,menorah ,journal1 vol4 ii1 #aiaf4 #8,a ,plea for ,orthodoxy4' #aif4 ,hertz3 ,inaugural ,sermon1 ,congregation ,orach ,chayim1 ,new ,york1 #aiab4 #aih4 ,abrahams3 #8,judaism and ,spiritism'1 in ,jewish ,guardian1 ,october #a1 #aiai4 #aii4 ,in ,philipson1 ,old ,european ,jewries1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s4 #bja4 ,jacobs3 ,jewish ,ideals4 #8,and what great bliss and happiness did the ,sabbath bring to the family life4 ,when ,friday evening came and the ,sabbath lamps were lighted and our fathers sang their ,sabbath hymns1 they forgot1 once in each week1 all the sorrows and cares of everyday life1 and all the affronts and insults which1 without pity and without mercy1 were heaped upon them1 and at last on the ,sabbath they felt released in body and soul from all troubles and burdens4' 7,b4 ,felsenthal47 ,a ,,sabbath ,,table-,,song4 ,treasure of heart for the broken people1 ,gift of new soul for the souls distrest1 ,soother of sighs for the prisoned spirit ,the ,sabbath of rest4 ,this day is for ,israel light and rejoicing1 ,a ,sabbath of rest4 ,when the work of the worlds in their wonder was finished1 ,thou madest this day to be holy and blest1 ,and those heavy-laden find safety and stillness1 ,a ,sabbath of rest4 ,this day is for ,israel light and rejoicing1 ,a ,sabbath of rest4 ,,isaac ,,luria1 #aefj4 7,trans4 ,nina ,salaman47 #bjb4 ,songs of a ,wanderer4 #bjd4 ,see ,authorized ,prayer ,book1 ,annotated ,edition1 pp4 cxlix and cclix4 #bjf4 ,also in ,songs of a ,wanderer4 #bjg4 ,the ,ideal in ,judaism1 #ahic4 #bji4 ,hertz3 ,passover as ,israel's birthday4 #8,a people who1 though they never founded a great empire nor built a great metropolis1 have exercised upon a large portion of mankind an influence1 wide-spread1 potent and continuous2 a people who have for nearly two thousand years been without country or organized nationality yet have preserved their identity and faith through all vicissitudes of time and fortune2 who have been overthrown1 crushed1 scattered2 who have been ground1 as it were1 to very dust1 and flung to the four winds of heaven2 yet who1 though thrones have fallen1 and empires have perished1 and creeds have changed1 and living tongues have become dead1 still exist with a vitality seemingly unimpaired2 a people who unite the strangest contradictions2 whose annals now blaze with glory1 now sound the depths of shame and woethe advent of such a people marks an epoch in the history of the world4' 7,henry ,george47 #bac4 ,akdomus3 ,translation of a thought at the beginning of ,akdomus1 the ,aramaic hymn that precedes the ,reading of the ,law on ,pentecost4 ,i have not been able to discover the name of the translator4 ,rosenfeld3 ,from a forthcoming book of poems1 ,songs of a ,pilgrim 7,jewish ,forum ,publishing ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,he is known to the non-,jewish world by his ,songs from the ,ghettopowerful descriptions of the ,new ,york sweatshop inferno4 ,this volume has been translated into most ,western languages4 #8,it was left for a ,russian ,jew at the end of the nineteenth century to see and paint hell in colours not attempted by anyone since the days of ,dante 444 the hell he has not only visited1 but that he has lived through4' 7,wiener47 #bad4 ,the ,sinaist1 #a1 #b4 #8,the ,torahour ,greatest ,benefactor4' #baf4 ,the ,sinaist1 #a1 #c4 ,,tephillin ,erect he stands1 in fervent prayer1 ,his body cloaked in silken ,tallis2 ,he seems a king1 so free from care1 ,his wife a queen1 his home a palace4 ,these bands he wears and softly prays1 ,devoting strength and mind to ,god2 ,his body slowly1 gently sways ,he walks the ground his fathers trod4 ,this daily commune with the ,master ,lifts him above mere common clay2 ,the ,jewish heart1 like alabaster1 ,grows pure and purer every day4 7,aaron ,schaffer in ,standard ,book of ,jewish ,verses1 ,new ,york1 ,dodd1 ,mead ,co47 #bag4 ,sun and ,shielda book of devout thoughts for everyday use4 ,bloch ,publishing ,co41 ,new ,york4 #bah4 ,the ,occident1 vol4 #ab4 ,it is a pity that no selection of ,s4 ,r4 ,hirsch's ,essays has as yet appeared in ,english4 #bai4 ,sermons1 i4 #8,faith'1 the last sermon preached by him4 ,the ,jewish idea of faith is that of fidelity1 absolute loyalty to ,god4 #8,though ,he slay me1 yet will ,i trust in ,him4' ,young ,sorley1 writing a few days before he fell in battle1 says3 #8,real faith is not that which says 8we must win for our cause is just02 but that which says 8our cause is just2 therefore we can disregard defeat04 ,all outlooks are at present material1 and the unseen value of justice as justice1 independent entirely of results1 is forgotten4 ,it is looked upon merely as an agent for winning battles4' 7,letters of ,charles ,sorley1 #aiai47 #bbj4 ,halevi's ,ode to ,zion is one of the noblest religious poems in the literature of the ,world3 ,pure and faithful1 ever spotless1 ,was his song1 even as his soul was2 ,soul1 that when the ,maker fashioned1 ,with ,his handiwork delighted4 ,straight ,he kissed the beauteous spirit2 ,and that kiss of grace1 re-echoing1 ,fills with music all his singing1 ,whom it consecratedpoet4 7,heine47 #bbf4 ,for ,israel ,baalshem1 ,see ,schechter1 ,studies1 i4 #8,the ,chassidim4' ,joseph3 ,the ,message of ,judaism4 #bbh4 ,songs of ,zion4 ,an excellent translation of a poem of great mystic beauty4 #bbi4 ,this hymn forms part of the ,new ,year ,morning ,service4 #bcj4 ,stories and ,pictures4 ,peretz inimitably succeeds in revealing the whole inner world of ,chassidic life4 ,the ,rebbe referred to is ,nathan ben ,naphtali ,hertz1 a disciple of ,nahman of ,bratzlav4 ,the story is also related of ,r4 ,moses ,sassow4 #bce4 ,from a ,sermon preached at ,capetown to a ,congregation of ,refugees from the ,transvaal during the ,boer ,war4 #bcg4 ,service of the ,synagogue1 ,eve of the ,day of ,atonement4 ,only the last portion of this alphabetic acrostic is given here4 #bch4 ,from ,the ,royal ,crown1 ,gabirol's best known and most important composition1 containing his thoughts on religion and philosophy1 and expressing all his ardent love of ,god4 ,in many congregations1 this poem is recited at the conclusion of the ,eve of ,atonement 7,kol ,nidra7 ,service4 #bdj4 ,abodath ,yisrael1 by ,szold and ,jastrow1 ,philadelphia1 #ahgc4 #bda4 ,poems of ,emma ,lazarus1 vol4 ii4 #bdi4 ,this hymn introduces the concluding service on the ,day of ,atonement in the ,sephardi ,liturgy4 #bej4 ,cusari1 ii1 #ej4 ,the translation is from ,gottheil1 ,sun and ,shield4 #beb4 ,joseph3 ,judaism as ,life and ,creed4 ,disraeli3 ,tancred4 #bec4 ,aspects of ,judaism1 p4 #aji4 #bee4 ,j4 ,q4 ,r41 #aijc4 ,for the ,yiddish original1 ,see ,wiener1 ,history1 p4 #bgb4 #bei4 ,the ,menorahthe more correct title would be #8,the ,chanukah ,lamp'4 #bfh4 ,in ,england every morning service closes with this hymn being recited before the open ,ark4 ,v #bgc4 ,spinoza3 ,ethics4 #bgd4 ,guide to the ,perplexed4 #bge4 ,see ,notes #gi4 #bhj4 ,maimonides3 ,the ,eight ,chapters on ,ethics1 ed4 ,gorfinkle1 ,new ,york1 #aiab4 ,jacobs3 ,jews of ,angevin ,england1 p4 #agb4 ,ethics of the ,fathers3 ,authorized ,prayer ,book1 pp4 #ahdbji4 ,a good edition1 ,hebrew and ,english1 with commentary1 is by ,gorfinkle1 in ,library of ,jewish ,classics1 ,bloch ,publishing ,co41 ,new ,york4 #bhb4 #8,cleanliness is next to ,godliness'3 ,the ,jewish mystic's ,ladder of ,perfection4 ,its author is ,rabbi ,pinhas ben ,yaira second-century saint and teacher4 #bhc4 ,yellin-,abrahams' ,maimonides1 ,j4 ,p4 ,s4 #bhe4 ,the ,literary ,remains of ,emanuel ,deutsch1 #8,the ,talmud'1 for a larger selection of ,talmudic sayings4 #bif4 ,the ,discipline of ,sorrow1 #aiaa4 #8,the terrible events of life are great eye-openers4 ,they force us to learn that which it is wholesome for us to know1 but which habitually we try to ignore1 namely1 that really we have no claim on a long life2 that we are each of us liable to be called off at any moment1 and that the main point is not how long we live1 but with what meaning we fill the short allotted spanfor short it is at best4 ,as in every battle1 so in the great battle of ,humanity1 the fallen and wounded1 too1 have a share in the victory2 by their sufferings they have helped1 and the greenest wreaths belong to them4' 7,felix ,adler in ,life and ,destiny1 ,new ,york4 ,mc,clure1 ,philips ,co47 #big4 ,see ,note #bce4 #bih4 ,aspects of ,judaism1 ii1 #e4 #cjj4 ,adler3 #8,baron ,ferdinand de ,rothschilda ,funeral ,address'4 #cja4 ,penini3 translation in ,gottheil1 ,sun and ,shield4 #cjh4 #8,the ,jewels'based on a version by ,s4 ,t4 ,coleridge4 #cae4 ,cf4 ,authorized ,prayer ,book1 p4 #cah4 #cah4 ,ethics of the ,fathers3 ,the fourth chapter ends with the words of ,r4 ,eleazar ,hakkappar3 #8,the born are to die and the dead to live on again2 and those who enter the eternal life1 to be judged4 ,therefore1 let it be known1 understood and remembered1 that ,he1 the ,almighty1 is the ,maker and the ,creator2 ,he is the ,discerner1 ,he the ,judge1 ,he the ,witness1 ,he the ,complainant2 and that ,he shall judge in the hereafter1 before whom there is no unrighteousness1 and no forgetting1 no regard for rank1 no taking of bribes4 ,know that all is according to reckoning4 ,let not thy passions persuade thee that the grave will be a place of refuge for thee4 ,for without thy will wert thou created1 without thy will thou wast born2 thou livest perforce1 and perforce thou shalt at last die1 and perforce thou shalt in the future have to give account before the ,supreme ,king1 the ,holy ,one1 blessed be ,he4' ,,index ,,of ,,authors ,,and ,,sources ,indicates translators or translations4 ,i,,jewish ,,abraham ibn ,,ezra4 7#aajdaafg74 ,famous ,spanish-,jewish ,bible commentator1 traveller and poet4 ,visited ,london ,jewry in #aaeh4 #bhd4 ,,abrahams1 ,israel4 ,reader in ,talmudic1 ,cambridge ,university4 #8,jewish ,life in the ,middle ,ages4' #cc1 #ga1 #abd1 #aic1 #aih1 #bec4 ,,achad ,,ha',,am4 ,see ,,ginzberg1 ,asher4 ,,achai 7,,gaon74 ,eighth century4 ,first rabbinical author after close of ,talmud4 #8,sheeltoth4' #bia4 ,,adler1 ,cyrus4 ,american educationist2 ,editor of #8,jewish ,quarterly ,review'4 #d4 ,,adler1 ,elkan ,n4 ,communal worker1 traveller1 and collector of ,hebrew ,,mss4 #8,jews in ,many ,lands4' #cd1 #bia4 ,,adler1 ,felix4 ,american educationist of ,jewish descent4 #cbh1 #cdd4 ,,adler1 ,hermann4 7#ahciaiaa74 ,chief ,rabbi 7#ahia74 #8,anglo-,jewish ,memories4' #bd1 #db1 #fb1 #cjj4 ,,adler1 ,s4 ,alfred4 7#ahgeaiaj74 ,son of above4 #8,the ,discipline of ,sorrow4' #bif4 ,,aguilar1 ,grace4 7#ahafahdg74 ,anglo-,jewish author4 #8,the ,vale of ,cedars4' #c4 ,,alkabetz1 ,solomon ,halevi4 #afth century1 hymn-writer and mystic4 #bjc4 ,,antin1 ,mary4 ,russo-,american writer4 #8,the ,promised ,land4' #ajj1 #ajg4 ,,artom1 ,benjamin4 7#ahceahgi74 ,italian ,rabbi4 ,london ,haham 7#ahff74 #ah4 ,,asher ben ,,yechiel4 7#abejacbh74 ,spanish-,jewish ,talmudist4 #h4 ,,baalshem1 ,israel4 7#agjjagfj74 ,famous ,mystic4 ,founder of the sect of ,chassidim 7,pietists74 #bbf4 ,,bachya ibn ,,pakuda4 #aath century1 ,spanish-,jewish ethical philosopher4 #8,the ,duties of the ,heart4' #aib1 #bdj1 #bhd4 ,,benedict of ,,oxford4 7,berechyah ,nakdan71 #abth-century ,anglo-,french fabulist4 #bhj4 ,,bible4 ,genesis4 #eb2 ,exodus4 #bdc2 ,leviticus4 #bhb1 #bia2 ,deuteronomy4 #bbg2 #a ,kings4 #dg2 ,isaiah4 #c1 #ci1 #dg1 #di1 #ej1 #eb1 #bbd1 #bdf1 #bdg1 #bgc2 ,jeremiah4 #ec1 #bgj2 ,ezekiel4 #aba1 #bde2 ,joel4 #dg2 ,amos4 xvi2 ,jonah4 #b2 ,micah4 #bgc2 ,malachi4 #dh2 ,psalms4 #ahh1 #aib1 #baa1 #bbg1 #bgj1 #caf2 ,proverbs4 #ai2 ,job4 #cag2 ,lamentations4 #hh2 ,ecclesiastes4 #cja1 #cai2 ,esther4 #bfd2 ,daniel4 #bjj4 ,,book ,,of ,,morals4 #aeth-century ethical work4 #ac4 ,b,,chler1 ,a4 ,jewish scholar2 ,principal of ,jews' ,college1 ,london4 #gb4 ,,byalik1 ,chayim ,nachman4 ,greatest contemporary ,hebrew poet4 #abc4 ,,carvalho1 ,david ,nunes4 7#aghdahfj74 ,lay ,reader of ,charleston1 ,s4,c41 ,synagogue4 #aid4 ,,cohen1 ,julia ,m4 7#ahfbaiag74 ,anglo-,jewish communal worker4 #ac4 ,,crescas1 ,chasdai4 7#acdjadaj74 ,religious philosopher4 #8,or ,adonay4' #be4 ,,daiches1 ,salis4 ,anglo-,jewish ,rabbi4 #bae4 ,,darmesteter1 ,james4 7#ahdiahid74 ,french ,orientalist4 #8,the ,prophets of ,israel4' #fh4 ,,derech ,,eretz ,,zutta4 #hth-century ethical treatise4 #cja4 ,,deutsch1 ,emanuel4 7#ahbiahgc74 ,jewish scholar and ,orientalist4 #8,the ,talmud4' #fi4 ,,disraeli1 ,benjamin4 7#ahjdahha74 ,british ,prime ,minister and novelist4 #8,alroy4' #ch1 #bja1 #beb4 ,d',,israeli1 ,isaac4 7#agffahdh74 ,anglo-,jewish man of letters4 #8,curiosities of ,literature4' #hc4 ,,drachmann1 ,bernard4 ,american rabbi4 #ib4 ,,dubnow1 ,simon4 ,russo-,jewish historian4 #cj1 #ge4 ,,dymov1 ,ossip4 ,russian writer4 #aja4 ,,ecclesiasticus 7,ben ,sira74 ,a book of the ,apocrypha4 #bh1 #ec1 #fc1 #bcd1 #bii4 ,,eichholz1 ,a4 ,english educationist4 #abh4 ,,eleazar 7,,rok,,ach7 of ,,worms4 #acth century1 mystic and hymn-writer4 #e1 #bic4 ,,eliezer ben ,,isaac4 #aath century1 ethical writer4 #g4 ,,ephraim of ,,bonn4 7#aaccaaif74 ,chronicler1 poet1 and ,talmudist4 #ha4 #a ,,esdras4 ,a book of the ,apocrypha4 #bgb4 ,,ethics ,,of ,,the ,,fathers4 7,pirke ,aboth72 treatise of ,mishnah1 containing ethical sayings4 #ai1 #bha1 #bij1 #bib1 #cjj1 #caf1 #cah1 #cdd4 ,,feldman1 ,asher4 ,dayan of the ,united ,synagogue4 #ca1 #aij4 ,,felsenthal1 ,b4 7#ahbbaijh74 ,american rabbi4 #cci4 ,,frank1 ,helena4 ,translator of ,peretz and other ,yiddish writers4 #aji1 #abc1 #bcj1 #bee4 ,,frankl1 ,l4 ,a4 7#ahajahid74 ,poet and writer4 #hf4 ,,franzos1 ,karl ,emil4 7#ahdhaijd74 ,ghetto novelist4 #8,the ,jews of ,barnow4' #ic4 ,,friedl,,nder1 ,israel4 7#ahgfaibj74 ,bible scholar and historian4 #ig1 #ii4 ,,friedl,,nder1 ,michael4 7#ahhcaiaj74 ,late ,principal of ,jews' ,college4 #8,the ,jewish ,religion4' #fj4 ,,fuerst1 ,julius4 7#ahbfahii74 ,talmudic lexicographer4 #gh4 ,,gabirol1 ,,solomon ibn4 7#ajbaajeh74 ,poet and hymn-writer4 ,great philosopher4 ,known in ,middle ,ages as ,avicebron4 #8,the ,royal ,crown4' #be1 #hi1 #aia1 #bch1 #bda1 #cad4 ,,gaster1 ,moses4 ,haham 7#ahhg74 ,folklorist4 #gd4 ,,geiger1 ,abraham4 7#ahajahgd74 ,noted rabbi and ,bible critic4 #8,judaism and its ,history4' #cb1 #fd4 ,,ginzberg1 ,asher4 7,achad ,ha'am7 ,hebrew writer and philosopher4 #8,selected ,essays4' #cf1 #abj1 #bjc4 ,,goldsmid4 ,col4 ,a4 ,e4 7#ahdfaijd74 ,anglo-,jewish soldier4 #dj4 ,,gordon1 ,judah ,leon4 7#ahcaahib74 ,hebrew poet4 #bee4 ,,gottheil1 ,gustav4 7#ahbgaijc74 ,american rabbi and hymn-writer4 #baj1 #bag1 #bcd1 #bfc4 ,,graetz1 ,hirsch4 7#ahagahia74 ,famous historian of the ,jews4 #ef1 #gf4 ,,green1 ,a4 ,a4 ,anglo-,jewish minister4 #cae4 ,,haffkine1 ,waldemar ,m4 ,c4,i4,e4 ,russo-,british bacteriologist4 #aie1 #bad4 ,,halevi1 ,,yehudah4 7#ajheaadj74 ,physician1 religious philosopher1 and greatest post-,biblical ,jewish poet4 #ec1 #fd1 #gd1 #bbj1 #bej1 #bff1 #bga4 ,,harden1 ,maximilian4 ,german journalist of ,jewish descent4 #abf4 ,,harris1 ,m4 ,h4 ,american rabbi4 #dd4 ,,heine1 ,h4 7#agigahef74 ,great lyric poet and journalist4 #eg1 #ff1 #hb1 #cbi1 #cdb4 ,,hertz1 ,j4 ,h4 ,chief ,rabbi 7#aiac74 #aa1 #af1 #cj1 #ci1 #df1 #gi1 #if1 #abe1 #abh1 #aif1 #bji1 #bbc1 #bce1 #bdd1 #big4 ,,herzl1 ,theodor4 7#ahfjaijd74 ,founder of the ,political ,zionist ,movement4 #abd1 #abe1 #abg1 #bei4 ,,hirsch1 ,emil ,g4 ,american rabbi4 #aj4 ,,hirsch1 ,samson ,r4 7#ahjhahhh74 ,rabbi and religious philosopher4 #8,the ,nineteen ,letters of ,ben ,uziel4' #ib1 #bah4 ,,imber1 ,naphtali ,h4 7#ahefaiji74 ,hebrew poet4 #8,hatikvah4' #aag4 ,,jacob ben ,,asher4 ,died #acdj4 ,spanish ,talmudist1 codifier1 and ,bible commentator2 son of ,asher ben ,yechiel4 #8,arba ,turim4' #ca4 ,,jacobs1 ,joseph4 7#ahedaiaf74 ,folklorist and essayist4 #8,jewish ,ideals4' #c1 #fg1 #gd1 #bja1 #bhj4 ,,jastrow1 ,marcus4 7#ahcaaijc74 ,american rabbi and ,talmudic lexicographer4 #be1 #bdj4 ,,jewish ,,chronicle4 7#ahda74 ,anglo-,jewish ,weekly4 #abe4 ,,jellinek1 ,a4 7#ahbaahic74 ,famous preacher and ,jewish bibliographer4 #ag4 ,,joseph1 ,morris4 ,anglo-,jewish minister4 #8,judaism as ,creed and ,life4' #ad1 #ba1 #di1 #ij1 #bjg1 #bji1 #bab1 #bbf1 #beb1 #bfb1 #cbb1 #e4 ,,josephus1 ,,flavius4 7#cgie ,c4,e474 ,ancient ,jewish general1 historian1 and apologist4 #8,antiquities of the ,jews4' #bg1 #gg4 ,,judah the ,,pious4 ,died #abag4 ,ethical writer and mystic4 #8,the ,book of ,saints4' #bfh4 ,,jung1 ,maier4 ,chief ,minister of ,federation of ,synagogues1 ,london4 #baf4 ,,kalir1 ,,eleazar4 #hth century1 liturgical poet4 #bbi1 #bea4 ,,kalonymos ben ,,yehudah4 #abth century1 liturgical poet4 #hj4 ,,kohler1 ,kaufmann4 ,president ,hebrew ,union ,college1 ,cincinnati4 #bd1 #aig1 #bhb4 ,,kohut1 ,alexander4 7#ahdbahid74 ,american rabbi and ,talmudic lexicographer4 #de4 ,,kompert1 ,leopold4 7#ahbbahff74 ,ghetto novelist4 #aii4 ,,lazarus1 ,emma4 7#ahdiahhg74 ,american poetess4 #dj1 #hg1 #ajf1 #bei1 #ccc1 #bda1 #cad4 ,,lazarus1 ,josephine4 7#ahdfahie74 ,sister of above4 #8,the ,spirit of ,judaism4' #fh1 #ic4 ,,lazarus1 ,moritz4 7#ahbdaijc74 ,co-founder of ,ethnic ,psychology4 #8,the ,ethics of ,judaism4' #aa4 ,,leeser1 ,isaac4 7#ahjfahfh74 ,american preacher and ,bible translator4 #fa1 #bah4 ,,levi1 ,david4 7#ahafahih74 ,italian ,jewish poet4 #eh4 ,,levy1 ,s4 ,anglo-,jewish minister4 #aih4 ,,louis1 ,minnie ,d4 ,american communal worker4 #hf4 ,,lucas1 ,alice4 ,translator of ,mediaeval ,jewish poets4 #8,the ,jewish ,year4' #da1 #ab1 #bbj1 #bbh1 #bch1 #bea1 #bee1 #bff1 #bfh1 #bga4 ,,luria1 ,,isaac4 7#aecdaegb74 ,great ,mystic4 ,founder of modern ,cabala4 #cci4 #a ,,maccabees4 ,book of the ,apocrypha4 #beg4 ,,magnus1 ,lady4 ,author of #8,outlines of ,jewish ,history4' #gc4 ,,maimonides1 ,,moses4 7#aaceabjd74 ,great ,talmudist1 foremost mediaeval ,jewish philosopher1 and court-physician4 #8,guide of the ,perplexed'2 #8,yad ,hachazakah'4 #bj1 #bbg1 #bgd1 #bgf1 #bhj1 #bhc4 ,,manasseh ben ,,israel4 7#afjdafeg74 ,amsterdam rabbi1 apologist and theologian4 ,obtained the re-admission of the ,jews to ,england under ,cromwell4 #ia4 ,,margolis1 ,m4 ,l4 ,editor-in-chief1 new ,jewish ,bible ,version4 #bb4 ,,meir ben ,,isaac ,,nehora4 #aath century1 hymn-writer4 #bac4 ,,mendelssohn1 ,moses4 7#agbiaghf74 ,philosopher and ,bible translator2 foremost ,jewish figure of #ahth century4 #bf4 ,,mendes1 ,h4 ,pereira4 ,american rabbi4 #dh1 #cbf4 ,,midrash4 #crd to #ajth centuries4 ,rabbinic homilies on the ,scriptures4 #be1 #ec4 ,,mo,,se1 ,penina4 7#agigahhj74 ,american hymn-writer4 #bbe4 ,,montefiore1 ,c4 ,g4 ,theologian and lay preacher4 #8,bible for ,home ,reading4' #f1 #bih4 ,,morais1 ,sabato4 7#ahbcahig74 ,italian-,american rabbi4 ,founder1 ,jewish ,theological ,seminary of ,america4 #ac4 ,,moses of ,,coucy4 #acth century1 ,talmudic codifier4 #bge4 ,,moses ben ,,nachman 7,nachmanides74 7#aaidabgj74 ,talmudist1 mystic1 exegete1 and apologist4 #bbh4 ,,mosheh1 ,r4 ,date unknown4 ,mediaeval hymn-writer4 #bdi4 ,,munk1 ,salomon4 7#ahjcahfg74 ,french ,orientalist4 #abb4 ,,noah1 ,m4 ,m4 7#agheahea74 ,american journalist and politician4 ,pioneer ,zionist4 #abg4 ,,nordau1 ,max4 ,author and philosopher4 ,vice-,president ,zion ,congresses4 #cg1 #ch4 ,,penini1 ,,yedaya4 7#abgjacdj74 ,provenal ,jewish poet and philosopher4 #cja4 ,,peretz1 ,isaac ,l4 7#aheaaiae74 ,yiddish man of letters4 #aji1 #bcj4 ,,philipson1 ,d4 ,american preacher4 #aj4 ,,philo ,,judaeus4 7#bj ,b4,c4#dj ,c4,e474 ,flourished in ,alexandria4 ,renowned ,jewish philosopher4 #ahi1 #bhc1 #bhi4 ,,pouzzner1 ,b4 ,l4 ,translator of #8,the ,menorah'4 #bei4 ,,prayer ,,book4 ,daily4 #dg1 #aib1 #bje1 #bab1 #bhd4 ,festival4 #ci1 #bed4 ,,rashi 7,rabbi ,solomon ben ,isaac of ,troyes74 7#ajdjaaje74 ,french ,bible exegete and greatest commentator of ,talmud4 ,his commentary on ,pentateuch has never been surpassed in enduring popularity4 #fc4 ,,raskin1 ,p4 ,m4 ,anglo-,russian poet4 #dc1 #ed1 #bjb1 #bjf4 ,,rosenfeld1 ,morris4 ,russian-,american ,yiddish poet4 #bac4 ,,rothschild1 ,baron ,lionel de4 7#ahjhahgi74 ,leader of ,anglo-,jewish community4 ,first ,jewish ,m4,p4 #ib4 ,,saadyah ,,gaon4 7#hibidb74 ,president of the ,academy at ,sura1 ,babylon2 religious philosopher1 exegete1 and polemic writer4 #abg4 ,,sacher1 ,h4 ,english journalist2 ,zionist writer4 #ccj4 ,,salaman1 ,nina ,davis4 ,translator mediaeval ,jewish poets4 #8,songs of ,exile4' #bje1 #hi1 #aia1 #cbi1 #cci4 ,,schaffer1 ,aaron4 ,lecturer1 ,johns ,hopkins ,university4 #cda4 ,,schechter1 ,solomon4 7#ahdgaiae74 ,theologian1 ,talmudist1 and essayist4 #8,studies in ,judaism4' #ae1 #bc1 #cc1 #cg1 #fj1 #aai1 #abg4 ,,schindler1 ,kurt4 ,jewish musical composer4 #cbc4 ,,shemtob1 ibn ,,shemtob4 #aeth-century ,spanish philosopher4 #fg4 ,,shulchan ,,aruch4 ,authoritative code of ,rabbinic ,judaism by ,joseph ,caro 7#adhhaege74 ,the #8,,commentary' is by ,david ben ,samuel 7#aehfaffg72 and the #8,,gloss' by ,moses ,isserles 7#aebjaegb74 #aij4 ,,simon1 ,leon4 ,hebraist and ,zionist writer4 #abj4 ,,singer1 ,simeon4 7#ahdfaijf74 ,anglo-,jewish preacher4 #ce1 #bai4 ,,smolenskin1 ,peretz4 7#ahdbahhe74 ,hebrew novelist and journalist4 #8,astray on ,life's ,pathways'4 #cbd4 ,,sokolow1 ,nahum4 ,hebrew writer and ,zionist leader4 #cca4 ,,solis-,,cohen1 ,solomon4 ,american physician and writer4 #bjc1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,,spinoza1 ,benedict4 7#afcbafgg74 ,great ,dutch-,jewish philosopher4 #bgc4 ,,steinschneider1 ,moritz4 7#ahafaijg74 ,noted ,hebrew bibliographer4 #gi1 #ic1 #cbf4 ,,sulzberger1 ,mayer4 ,american jurist1 bookman1 and communal leader4 #fa4 ,,szold1 ,henrietta4 ,american ,jewish writer and translator4 #ab1 #ae4 ,,talmud4 ,body of ,jewish law and legend as expounded in the ,jewish ,academies of ,palestine 7#bjjcge7 and of ,babylon 7#bjjejj72 generic designation for the whole of early ,rabbinic literature4 #f1 #aa1 #bf1 #ce1 #baj1 #bdc1 #bec1 #bgb1 #bhb1 #bhe1 #bia1 #bib1 #bii1 #cjbcac1 #caf4 ,,wiener1 ,leo4 ,professor at ,harvard ,university4 ,historian of ,yiddish ,literature4 #ih1 #ccc1 #cda4 ,,wisdom ,,of ,,solomon4 ,a book of the ,apocrypha4 #bjj1 #bgg1 #bgh4 ,,wolf1 ,lucien4 ,journalist and historian4 #ajf1 #abd1 #ccd4 ,,yehudah1 ,r4 ,date unknown4 ,mediaeval hymn-writer4 #bdh4 ,,yomtob of ,,york4 ,hymn-writer1 probably suffered martyrdom at ,york in #aaij4 #bcg4 ,,zangwill1 ,israel4 ,novelist and playwright4 #8,children of the ,ghetto4' #ei1 #fe1 #gc1 #id1 #ih1 #ccb1 #aag1 #bbi1 #bcg1 #bed1 #cbc4 ,,zohar4 ,a mystical ,commentary on the ,pentateuch1 probably #abij4 #ahi1 #aif1 #bjd1 #bhc4 ,,zunz1 ,leopold4 7#agidahhf74 ,founder of the ,new ,jewish ,learning4 #gf1 #ic4 ,,ii,,non-,,jewish ,,abbott1 ,lyman4 ,american preacher and journalist4 #aca4 ,,addison1 ,joseph4 7#afgbagai74 ,essayist and poet4 #adi4 ,,alexander1 ,c4 ,f4 7#ahahahie74 ,irish poet4 #adf4 ,,arnold1 ,matthew4 7#ahbbahhh74 ,poet and critic4 #acb4 ,,balfour1 ,a4 ,j4 ,h4,m4 ,secretary of ,state for ,foreign ,affairs4 #ahd4 ,,beaulieu1 ,anatole ,leroy4 ,french historian4 #8,israel among the ,nations4' #afb1 #agd4 ,,biddle1 ,g4 ,e4 ,unitarian writer4 #afj4 ,,blake1 ,william4 7#agegahbg74 ,poet1 mystic1 and painter4 #acj1 #agc4 ,,borrow1 ,,george4 7#ahjcahha74 ,english traveller4 #cch4 ,,box1 ,canon ,g4 ,h4 ,english ,hebraist4 #aei4 ,,carlyle1 ,thomas4 7#agieahha74 ,essayist1 historian1 and philosopher4 #aee4 ,,cornill1 ,carl ,h4 7#ahedaibj74 ,theologian and ,bible critic4 #aca1 #adg1 #aeb1 #cce4 ,,craig1 ,mary ,a4 ,translator of ,david ,levi's ,poems4 #eh4 ,,dow1 ,john ,e4 ,author of #8,hebrew and ,puritan'4 #adg4 ,,eliot1 ,george 7,marian ,lewes ,cross74 7#ahaiahhj74 ,english novelist4 #8,daniel ,deronda4' #afa1 #agc1 #ahc4 ,,ellis1 ,havelock4 ,british psychologist4 #aee4 ,,frazer1 ,sir ,james ,g4 ,british anthropologist4 #ach1 #ccf4 ,,froude1 ,james ,anthony4 7#ahahahid74 ,historian and essayist4 #ach1 #aea1 #aee4 ,,george1 ,henry4 7#ahciahig74 ,political economist and social reformer4 #adc1 #ccf1 #cdj4 ,,goethe1 ,j4 ,w4 7#agdiahcb74 ,great ,german poet and critic4 #aci1 #aed4 ,,gorky1 ,maxim4 ,russian man of letters4 #aeh4 ,,green1 ,john ,r4 7#ahcgahhc74 ,english historian4 #aga4 ,,hall1 ,g4 ,stanley4 ,american psychologist and educationist4 #cbd4 ,,harnack1 ,a4 ,church historian4 #acg4 ,,herford1 ,r4 ,travers4 ,theologian and ,rabbinic scholar4 #8,pharisaism4' #aei4 ,,huxley1 ,t4 ,h4 7#ahbeahie74 ,biologist and religious controversialist4 #aci1 #adj1 #aei4 ,,jerome1 ,st4 7#cdjdbj74 ,church ,father2 translated ,bible into ,latin 7,vulgate ,version74 #ahe4 ,,jowett1 ,benjamin4 7#ahagahic74 ,theologian and translator of ,plato4 #aea4 ,,lecky1 ,william ,e4 ,h4 7#ahchaijc74 ,historian and publicist4 #aff1 #agh4 ,,longfellow1 ,henry ,w4 7#ahjgahhb74 ,american poet4 #age4 ,,lotze1 ,h4 7#ahagahha74 ,german idealist philosopher4 #acd4 ,,macaulay1 ,lord4 7#ahjjahei74 ,historian1 essayist1 and politician4 #agb4 ,,milyukov1 ,paul4 ,russian politician4 #agh4 ,,moore1 ,g4 ,f4 ,american ,bible critic4 #cbg4 ,,nietzsche1 ,f4 7#ahddaijj74 ,german philosopher4 #adj4 ,,plumptre1 ,dean ,e4 ,h4 7#ahbaahia74 ,anglican divine4 #hj4 ,,prothero1 ,r4 ,e4 ,former editor #8,quarterly ,review'4 #8,the ,psalms in ,human ,life4' #adh4 ,,renan1 ,ernest4 7#ahbcahib74 ,historian1 philosopher1 and ,orientalist4 #acc1 #ada4 ,,rhys1 ,ernest4 ,man of letters4 #adg4 ,,robinson1 ,a4 ,m4 ,f4 7,madame ,duclaux74 ,english poet and writer4 #aeg4 ,,roosevelt1 ,theodore4 7#ahehaiai74 ,historian and statesman2 ,president1 ,u4,s4,a4 #agf4 ,,schreiner1 ,olive4 ,south ,african novelist4 #agg1 #ahj4 ,,scott1 ,sir ,walter4 7#aggaahbc74 ,great novelist and poet4 #acg1 #ada4 ,,sorley1 ,charles4 7#ahifaiae74 ,student and soldier4 #cdb4 ,,stanley1 ,a4 ,p4 7#ahaeahha74 ,author of #8,history of the ,jewish ,church'4 #aef4 ,,stevenson1 ,robert ,louis4 7#ahejahid74 ,essayist and novelist4 #ach4 ,,strindberg1 ,august4 7#ahdiaiab74 ,swedish author4 #afc4 ,,sykes1 ,sir ,mark4 7#ahgiaiai74 ,british statesman4 #ahc4 ,,tolstoy1 ,leo4 7#ahbhaiaj74 ,russian novelist and social reformer4 #ace1 #agi4 ,,twain1 ,mark 7,s4 ,l4 ,clemens74 7#ahceaiaj74 ,american writer4 #ahf4 ,,voltaire1 ,f4 ,m4 ,a4 de4 7#afidaggh74 ,french philosopher and man of letters4 #agj4 ,,wagner1 ,charles4 7#aheaaiah74 ,french ,protestant divine4 #acd4 ,,watts1 ,isaac4 7#afgdagdh74 ,hymn-writer4 #aej4 ,,whitman1 ,walt4 7#ahaiahib74 ,american poet4 #acg4 ,,whittier1 ,j4 ,g4 7#ahjgahib74 ,american poet4 #aef4 ,,wyclif1 ,john4 7#acbjachd74 ,reformer and ,bible translator4 #adj4 ,,index ,,of ,,subjects ,ab1 ,fast of2 ,hymn for1 #bbj ff4 ,abraham1 #bc1 #eb2 and ,toleration1 #cjf4 ,achad ,ha'am1 #gi4 ,acorn1 ,parable of1 #cjc4 ,addir ,hu1 #baj4 ,,adon ,,olam1 #aij1 #aic ff41 #cch4 ,adversity1 meeting1 #big4 ,ahasuerus1 #bfd4 ,akabya ben ,mahalalel1 #bib1 #cjj4 ,akdomus1 #bac4 ,,akiba1 ,,rabbi1 #ace1 #bij1 #bia1 #cjg4 ,alexander the ,great1 #cjde4 ,am-,haaretz1 #ii4 ,,america1 ,the ,jew in1 #dde1 #ief1 #agf4 ,ammon1 #abh4 ,anger1 #h1 #i4 ,animals1 kindness to4 ,see ,cattle4 ,antiochus ,epiphanes1 #abd1 #beg4 ,,anti-,,semitism1 #cgi1 #aghhb2 #cj1 #ajg1 #aca1 #aeg1 #afe1 #afi1 #age1 #ahe1 #cbf2 #8,higher anti-,semitism'1 #cg1 #fj2 ,see ,persecution1 ,suffering1 ,pogrom4 ,antoninus1 ,emperor1 #cac4 ,apion1 #gg4 ,apostasy1 #e1 #ae4 ,aristotle1 #aic4 ,asceticism1 #bej4 ,,assimilation1 #aaibj4 ,assyrians1 #bbc4 ,athens1 #db1 #acd1 #agb4 ,,atonement1 ,day of1 #afj1 #bbf1 #bce ff4 ,auto-da-f1 #aeg1 #afb1 #afg1 #agj4 ,babylon1 #abe1 #ahf4 ,barcelona1 ,massacre at1 #afg4 ,,barmitzvah1 #ah4 ,baroka1 ,rabbi1 #cjb4 ,belief1 and ,duty1 #bb4 ,see ,faith4 ,ben ,azzai1 #bij4 ,ben ,sira1 #cbe4 ,bernard of ,clairvaux1 #ha4 ,,bible1 #egfc1 #acgdj2 in ,england1 #db1 #aga2 ,book of the ,ages1 #ei1 #ge1 #acg2 ,epic of the world1 #eg1 #ei1 #ach1 #bac2 in ,education1 #aci2 and ,democracy1 #adj1 #adc1 #aei2 and ,israel1 #e1 #egfj1 #aca1 #acb1 #adj1 #aeg1 #ahe1 #cjh1 #ccf2 the interpretation of1 #fc1 #cbg2 and ,literature1 #acg1 #ach1 #aed1 #ccf2 ,reverence for1 #adj4 ,versions3 ,english1 #fa1 #fb1 #aga2 ,greek1 #fj1 #fa2 ,jewish1 #fjc4 ,,blood ,,libel1 #ajj1 #aha4 ,body and soul1 #bj2 parable of1 #cac4 ,bones1 ,valley of ,dry1 #aba4 ,bontzye ,shweig1 #aji ff4 ,book of ,life and ,death1 #bbf4 ,books1 ,jews' ,love of their1 #afb4 ,britain1 #db1 #dc1 #ia1 #if1 #abe4 ,,brotherhood1 #bdd4 ,see ,responsibility4 ,,browning1 ,robert1 quoted #gi4 ,burden1 ,sharing the1 #be4 ,burgos1 massacre at1 #afg4 ,caligula1 ,jews refuse divine honours to1 #gg4 ,cattle1 #add1 #cjd1 #cce4 ,,ceremonial1 #bc1 #baf4 ,see ,symbols1 ,custom4 ,,chanukah1 #bei1 #bfc4 ,,charity1 #cac2 #g1 #bg1 #bhf1 #bhh1 #cjf4 ,chazan1 #afa4 ,cheder1 #cg4 ,,children1 #gj2 merit of1 #aih2 torn from parents in ,portugal1 #afh2 love for1 #bha4 ,chillul ,hashem1 #cbb4 ,christianity and the ,jews1 #aff ff4 ,christians1 early1 #aha4 ,,citizen1 ,jew as1 #agc1 #ahc4 ,see ,patriotism4 ,,citizenship1 ,british1 #if4 ,civilization1 ,jews as ,pioneers of1 #ace1 #agb1 #agd4 #8,cleanliness next to godliness'1 #bhb4 ,columbus1 #hf4 ,commentaries1 of a nation1 #aeg4 ,,conduct1 ,rules of1 #gi1 #aiba1 #bib4 #8,confession' by ,gabirol1 #bch4 ,consciousness1 ,jewish1 #aai4 ,conversion of ,jews1 #ajg1 #afh1 #agh4 ,see ,proselyte4 ,cordova1 massacre at1 #afg4 #8,corpses1 ,last in the desert'1 #abc4 ,counsel1 good4 ,see ,conduct1 ,jewish4 ,courage of the ,jew1 #e1 #ajf4 ,courtesy1 #h1 #i4 ,cradle song1 #ab4 ,,creed1 ,jewish1 #bb1 #bc4 ,see ,belief1 ,faith4 ,crescent and ,cross1 #aff4 ,crucifixion1 #agj4 ,,crusades1 #afc4 ,first ,crusade1 #hj2 ,second ,crusade1 #ha4 ,,culture1 ,what is8 #af4 ,custom in ,religion1 #bag4 ,see ,ceremonial4 ,cyrillus1 #agd4 ,cyrus1 #abe1 #abf4 ,dante1 #cda4 ,david1 #adg4 ,,death1 #bdjb and #bihcja2 #afj1 #bhe ff41 #cji ff41 #cdd4 ,see ,kaddish4 ,dedication4 ,see ,chanucah4 ,deeds1 the ,best ,commendation1 #bib1 #cjc4 ,deluge of ,fire1 ,legend of1 #df4 ,,democracy and ,bible1 #adj1 #adc4 ,deronda1 ,daniel1 #afa1 #agc4 ,destiny4 ,see ,free-will4 ,dietary ,laws1 #bab4 ,dogmas1 ,judaism and1 #bd1 #be4 ,east ,end of ,london1 ,jew of1 #agg4 ,ecclesiastes1 #aee4 ,eden1 ,gates of1 #cbf4 ,edom1 #abh4 ,,education1 ,religious1 #ac1 #cbd4 ,see also ,bible1 ,law1 ,torah4 ,egypt1 #ace1 #ahf2 and ,israel1 #adc2 drowning ,egyptians1 #baj4 ,eleazar ben ,azaryah1 #ai4 ,elizabeth1 ,queen1 #aga4 ,,emancipation ,,of ,,jew1 #cef1 #ibc2 ,macaulay on1 #agb4 ,enemy1 ,love of1 #h4 ,,england1 #dac2 #id1 #if2 #abe1 #acj2 ,elizabethan1 #af1 #aga2 resettlement of ,jews in1 #ia2 and ,zionism1 #abe4 ,,esther1 #aef1 #bfd ff4 ,eternity1 ,jew the emblem of1 #acf2 ,time and1 #cja4 ,,ethics1 ,jewish1 #e1 #gi1 #cb1 #bice4 ,evening ,prayer4 ,see ,prayer4 ,evil inclination1 #e1 #bb4 ,exile1 #cg4 ,exodus1 the4 ,see ,passover2 from ,spain4 ,see ,spain4 ,ezra1 #abe4 ,,faith1 #bai2 #c1 #cdb4 ,family4 ,see ,home4 #8,famous ,men1 ,let us now praise'1 #bh4 ,,fathers1 ,merit of1 #aih4 ,fight for religion1 #e1 #bfb4 ,fire1 ,deluge of1 #df4 ,fishes1 ,akiba's ,parable of1 #cjg4 ,forgiveness1 #ci1 #bcd1 #bcg1 #bdi4 ,folk-song1 ,russian-,jewish1 #cbc4 ,,freedom1 #adc1 #add2 #db1 #cdj4 ,feast of4 ,see ,passover4 ,,free-,,will1 #bgf2 #bbf1 #bcef1 #bij4 ,gabiha1 #bhf4 ,gates of ,eden1 legend of1 #cbf4 ,,ghetto1 #aj1 #aeg1 #agd2 in ,london1 #agg2 in ,new ,york1 #cda4 #8,glory1 ,hymn of'1 #bfh4 ,,god1 #aicg2 and man1 #gj1 #bbh1 #bhc1 #bij2 ,kingship of1 #abj1 #bbhi2 love of1 #be1 #bdc2 the fear of1 #e1 #f1 #ac1 #bj1 #bcd1 #bhg2 trust in1 #ej2 servant of1 #bffg2 work of1 #bgd4 ,godliness1 #bhb4 ,good and evil1 #bgd4 ,good inclination1 #e1 #bdc4 ,gratitude1 #bhi4 ,,greece1 #acc2 #af1 #ahf4 ,greeks and ,jews1 #fd1 #fh4 ,gulf ,stream1 comparison to1 #dd4 ,hadrian1 #agi1 #bbc4 ,haham of ,york1 #hd4 ,halevi1 ,heine on1 #cdb4 ,haman1 #bfd4 ,hanina ben ,dosa1 #ai1 #bib4 ,hannah and her seven ,sons1 #bef4 ,,harvest ,,festival1 #beb4 ,health1 preservation of1 #bj4 #8,hebrew1 ,i am an'1 #d4 ,,hebrew ,,language1 #acaf1 #ada1 #cbd2 in public worship1 #ad2 key to ,israel's treasures1 #ae1 #aai2 a holy language1 #af4 ,hellenism1 #d4 ,see ,greece1 ,greeks4 ,hellenistic ,judaism1 #ae4 ,,heredity1 ,obligations of1 #cj4 ,,heritage1 ,israel's1 #bg4 ,hero1 the true1 #bhh4 ,herzl1 #ccd4 ,,hillel1 #bija2 #aeh1 #bah4 ,,history1 ,,jewish1 #gc ff42 importance of ,jewish1 #ge1 #abh4 ,,holiness1 #bhb2 #acd1 #bja4 ,,home1 ,jewish1 #aj ff41 #agg1 #bjb1 #cci1 #cda4 ,homer1 #acg4 ,honour1 #cj1 #bib4 ,,humanity1 a united1 #dh1 #di2 and ,israel1 #fh1 #aca2 and ,prophets1 #fg1 #fh1 #aea1 #cbh2 protection of1 aim of ,jewish ,law1 #add1 #cce4 ,see ,messianic ,hope4 ,humility1 #bhd2 #aib1 #bdh1 #bha1 #bhg1 #bic4 ,ibsen1 #ih4 ,idolatry1 #h1 #bc1 #bia4 ,immorality1 cardinal sin of1 #bia2 purity of life1 thought1 and action1 #bhb4 ,,immortality1 #cjj1 #cja1 #caf2 #bhf1 #cdd2 shared by righteous of all faiths1 #bf2 of ,israel4 ,see ,israel4 ,,inquisition1 #afg4 ,intermarriage1 #cbb4 ,ishmael ,rabbi1 #bec4 ,,israel1 antiquity of1 #agd2 brotherhood of1 #aif1 #bdde2 and ,greece1 #fd1 #accd2 heart of mankind1 #gd2 and humanity1 #c1 #af1 #fg1 #fh1 #abh1 #aca1 #ace2 immortality of1 #eb ff41 #abja1 #abh1 #acf1 #ahef1 #cdj2 loyalty of1 #cjh2 martyrdom of1 #e1 #ci1 #ede1 #gf1 #hb1 #ig1 #ajf1 #afh2 mission of1 #c1 #d1 #bc1 #bd1 #dh1 #fe1 #abj1 #abh1 #acab1 #ace1 #bjg ff42 and the nations1 #acc1 #acd1 #ahf2 people of revelation1 #fd1 #acb2 preservation of1 #c1 #d1 #aa1 #bb1 #bh1 #aai1 #abj1 #cdj2 ,st4 ,jerome on preservation of1 #ahe2 and ,rome1 #gg ff41 #accd2 and the ,sabbath1 #bjc2 and the ,torah1 #fd1 #cjg2 and ,woman1 #aj1 #aa2 witnesses of ,god1 #c4 ,,israelite1 responsibility of each1 #f1 #cj1 #ce1 #bdd1 #cbb4 ,ivan the ,terrible1 #agh4 ,,jacob1 ,,rabbi1 #caf4 ,jeremiah and ,jewish patriotism1 #ij4 ,,jerusalem1 #acd1 #ahe1 #bbc2 the #8,old ,people's ,rest' at1 #cd4 ,,jew1 ,what is a8 #ace2 #ba2 and ,bible1 #effd2 the misunderstood of history1 #fe1 #cbf2 and ,greek1 #ff2 heroism of1 #ff1 #gh1 #gi2 and scholarship1 #ii2 and non-,jew1 #i1 #be1 #bf2 as citizen1 #agf2 of ,east ,london1 #agg2 duty of every1 #c1 #d1 #ce4 ,see ,israel1 ,history1 ,patriotism1 ,learning1 c4 ,jewels1 story of1 #cje4 ,jewish question1 #ic4 ,job1 ,book of1 #aee4 ,johanan ben ,zakkai1 #bah1 #bhg4 ,,jonah1 ,book of1 #aeb ff4 ,jordan1 ,the ,watch on the1 #agg4 ,,joy1 ,religious aspect of1 #bej1 #beb ff41 #cjb4 ,judah the ,prince1 #bib1 #cac4 ,,judaism1 #ba1 #bc1 #bd1 #fe2 a life1 #ba1 #ib2 its obligations1 #ba2 original truth of1 #be1 #aig2 and daughter religions1 #gi2 and the times1 #bahi2 and original sin1 #aig2 and peace1 #dhi2 connected with ,jewish nation1 #bd2 a positive religion1 #bc2 revival of1 #aai2 consciousness of1 #beifa4 ,see ,israel1 ,mission2 dogmas of1 see ,dogma4 ,judea1 ,new1 #abh4 ,justice1 sacredness of1 #cb1 #ic1 #acc1 #acd1 #cbh2 faith and1 #cdb4 ,,kaddish1 #afj1 #aii ff4 ,kiddush ,hashem1 #bhb1 #cbb4 ,kieff1 ,blood ,libel in1 #aha4 ,koran1 #acg4 ,lamdan1 #ii4 ,language1 ,hebrew4 ,see ,hebrew4 ,,law1 ,,jewish1 and humanity1 #fi1 #add1 #cce2 study of1 #e1 #bic2 and ,israel's immortality1 #abh4 ,see ,torah4 ,law of ,nations1 #df4 ,lazarus1 ,emma1 ,lucien ,wolf on1 #ccd4 ,,learning1 ,israel and1 #afb1 #afi1 #agg4 ,see ,torah4 ,lecha ,dodi1 #bjc4 ,,legends1 ,talmudic1 #cjb ff4 ,liberty1 and the ,jew1 #ace1 #bji1 #bhe4 ,,life1 ,paths of1 #g ff42 the right1 #bgc2 the dedicated1 #bhi2 consists of deeds1 not years1 #cjc1 #cdd2 life and death1 #caj1 #cdd4 ,light in darkness1 #bih4 ,light1 ,sabbath1 #bja1 #cci2 kindling the1 #bjb4 ,lisbon1 ,auto-da-f1 #agj4 ,,literature1 ,jewish1 #fa1 #ga1 #ccf2 classic1 and the prophets1 #fh4 ,,liturgy1 superiority of ,jewish1 #afj2 ,george ,eliot on ,jewish1 #afa2 and prayers for the ,dying1 #afj2 poetry and1 #adj4 ,see ,prayer4 ,litvack1 #bcj4 ,london1 the ,jew of ,east1 #agg4 ,,love1 of ,god1 #bj1 #be1 #bab2 to our neighbour1 #ci4 ,loyalty to faith and country1 #dja4 ,see ,patriotism4 ,lulav1 #bea4 ,maccabaeus1 ,judas1 #bbc4 ,,maccabees1 #abd1 #bah1 #beg ff41 #bfb4 ,mahomet1 #eg4 ,,man1 ,what is8 #cad2 half angel1 half brute1 #bge2 and ,god1 #bij1 #cah1 #cai2 and ,nature1 #cbh2 his descent and destiny1 #aig1 #cjj2 his three friends1 #caa2 his work for future1 #cjc2 ,jewish great men1 #gd4 ,manasseh ben ,israel1 #gc4 ,manners1 good4 ,see ,conduct4 ,marriage1 #h1 #aa1 #cbb4 ,martinez1 ,hernando1 #afg4 ,,martyrdom1 ,jewish1 #gf1 #hb1 #afh4 ,mattathias1 #beg4 ,mediation between man and ,god4 ,see ,god4 ,meekness4 ,see ,humility4 ,meir1 ,rabbi1 #cjhi4 ,,menorah1 #bei ff4 ,merciful ,god4 ,see ,god4 ,merit of the ,children1 #aih4 ,,merit ,,of ,,the ,,fathers1 #aih4 ,,messianic ,,hope1 #bc1 #dh1 #di4 ,methodius1 #agd4 ,middle ,ages1 ,jew of4 ,see ,jew4 ,mishnah4 ,see ,talmud4 ,mission of ,israel4 ,see ,israel1 ,messianic ,hope1 ,zionism4 ,missionaries1 ,christian in ,china1 #aha4 ,mitzvah1 #baf4 ,see ,ceremonial4 ,moab1 #abh4 ,modin1 #beg4 ,money1 #cjf1 #caa4 ,monobaz1 ,king1 #cjf4 ,,monotheism1 #bh1 #aif1 #aig4 ,moors of ,spain1 #aff ff4 ,moral ,foundations1 #aea4 ,mordecai1 #bfd ff4 ,,moses1 #ce1 #abj1 #adc ff41 #adf1 #bhi2 and ,israel1 #fdf2 and ,art1 #ff4 ,mother1 ,the ,jewish4 ,see ,woman4 ,murder1 #bia4 ,myrtles1 ,palms and1 #bea4 ,nation1 ,jewish4 ,see ,zionism4 ,national consciousness4 ,see ,consciousness1 ,jewish4 ,nationalism1 and the ,torah1 #abg4 ,,nations1 ,israel and the1 #acj ff41 #ahf4 ,nature and ,man1 #cbh4 ,nazarenes1 #aei4 ,neighbour1 love of1 #bia4 ,nemirov1 ,rabbi of1 #bcj1 #cdb4 ,new ,moon1 #bje4 ,newport1 ,hebrew ,congregation and ,george ,washington1 #ie2 ,hebrew cemetery at1 #age4 ,,new ,,year ,,festival1 #bbf ff4 ,nicholas1 ,czar1 #ajgh4 ,nineveh1 repentance of the men of1 #aeb4 ,,noblesse ,,oblige1 #cj4 ,,non-,,jews ,,and ,,future ,,life1 #bf4 ,norwegian and ,yiddish1 #ih4 ,original ,sin1 #aig4 ,original ,virtue1 #aih4 ,orscha1 massacre at1 #ccj4 ,,pain1 the ,mystery of1 #bif2 a discipline1 #bif1 #big1 #cdd4 ,,palestine1 as a ,jewish ,national ,home1 #ahd2 the ,british ,declaration on1 #abe ff42 restoration to1 #abj4 ,palm-,branch1 #bea4 ,pantheism1 #bc4 ,pappus and ,rabbi ,akiba1 #cjg4 ,parables and legends1 ,talmudic1 #cjb ff4 ,parents1 duties towards1 #ai4 ,,passover1 #afc1 #bjg ff42 in ,old ,russia1 #ajj2 and liberty1 #bhe1 #cdj2 the ,seder1 #bjfg4 ,paths of ,life1 #g ff4 ,,patriotism1 #ce1 #dja1 #ahc4 ,see ,citizen1 ,jew as4 ,peace and ,judaism1 #dhi4 ,people of the ,book1 #eg4 ,peloponnesian ,war1 #db4 ,,pentecost1 #baa ff4 ,pericles1 #db4 ,,persecution1 #ig1 #affgj1 #aghhj1 #bhe1 #cdj4 ,see ,pogrom1 ,israel4 ,persians1 #ahf4 ,peter the ,hermit1 #afd4 ,,pharisees1 #aei4 ,philo on ,prayer1 #ahi4 ,pleasure1 worldly1 #cab4 ,see ,asceticism1 ,joy4 ,pluralism1 #bc4 ,poets1 ,poetry1 #adg2 folk-song1 #cbc4 ,,pogrom in ,russia1 #ajje1 #ccj4 ,see ,persecution4 ,polytheism1 #d4 ,,poor1 #cc1 #adj1 #bhh2 ,jewish1 #cc1 #agg4 ,popes1 repudiate ,blood ,libel1 #aha4 ,portugal and the ,jews1 #ij1 #aff ff4 ,posterity1 duty to1 #cjc4 ,praise of ,god's works1 #ahi4 ,,prayer1 #afj1 #afa1 #ahi ff42 ,philo on1 #ahi2 and ,tears1 #bhe4 ,see ,liturgy4 ,preservation of ,israel4 ,see ,israel4 ,pride1 #bha1 #bhe4 ,,prophets1 the ,hebrew1 #fgh1 #aea1 #cbh4 ,proselytes1 #bf1 #bg1 #acf4 ,see ,conversion4 ,providence1 #c4 ,,psalms1 ,the1 #adg ff4 ,,purim1 #bfde4 ,quakers1 #aha4 ,,rabbis1 ,work of the1 #figb4 ,rashi1 #cbg4 ,rebecca 7,ivanhoe71 #ada4 ,redeemer1 ,god as1 #ci1 #aic4 ,,rejoicing ,,of ,,the ,,law1 #bed ff4 ,,religion1 #ac1 #bhb2 and morality1 #bae2 and ,education1 #ac1 #cbd2 custom in1 #bag2 fight for1 #bfb2 and science1 #aie2 and ,zionism1 #abgh4 ,,repentance1 #e1 #bb1 #bbf1 #bdc1 #bgh1 #bhh4 ,resignation1 #cjhi1 #cae4 ,,responsibility1 ,jewish1 #f1 #cj1 #ce1 #bdd1 #cbb4 ,resurrection1 #bhf4 ,see ,immortality4 ,revelation and ,israel1 #fd1 #acb1 #ccf4 ,revival1 ,israel's1 #abb4 ,see ,israel4 ,richard ,i1 and the ,jews1 #hc4 ,,righteousness1 #fg ff41 #acd1 #cbh4 ,romanoffs1 ,under the1 #ajf4 ,,rome ,,and ,,israel1 #d1 #gg ff41 #accd1 #ahf1 #bbc4 ,rousseau1 #agc4 ,,russia1 ,jew of1 #ig1 #ii1 #ajj1 #aja ff41 #aghhj1 #cbc1 #ccj ff42 ,olive ,schreiner on the1 #agg4 ,,sabbath1 #ab1 #bg1 #add1 #bja ff41 #cci4 ,sage1 ,jewish1 #cd4 ,saintliness4 ,see ,holiness4 ,salvation1 secured by conduct1 #be4 ,,scholarship1 ,jewish1 #afb2 #af1 #ag1 #ii4 ,science and ,judaism1 #aie4 ,scripture1 interpretations1 #fc4 ,see ,bible4 ,scroll of the ,law1 #bad4 ,,seder1 the1 #bjf1 #afc4 ,self-denial4 ,see ,dietary ,laws4 ,selfishness1 #aeh1 #bij4 ,self-reliance1 #aeh1 #bij4 ,,self-,,respect1 ,jewish1 #cf4 ,selichoth1 #bcj4 ,sepher ,torah1 #bad4 ,servant of ,god1 #bff1 #bhe4 ,service of ,god1 joyous1 #bec2 the morning1 #aija4 ,service of ,synagogue4 ,see ,liturgy1 ,synagogue1 ,prayer4 ,shakespeare1 #ij4 ,shame1 #bhg4 ,shammai1 #bec4 ,,shema1 #bd1 #aif4 ,ships1 ,parable of the two1 #caj4 ,shofar1 #bbg4 ,,shylock1 #ij4 ,sick1 visiting the1 #g4 ,,simchas ,,torah1 #bed ff4 ,,sin1 #bce1 #bhb2 ,original ,sin1 #aig4 ,sincerity1 #bie4 ,slaughtering1 ,ritual1 of ,animals1 #agh4 ,,slavery1 ,spiritual1 #cf1 #gi1 #abc4 ,social ,justice1 #acc1 #acd4 ,,soldier1 ,,the ,,jewish1 #da4 ,song of the ,three ,children quoted1 #afe4 ,soul1 #bj1 #aig1 #bdj2 ,soul and body1 #cac4 ,south ,africa and the ,russian ,jew1 #agg4 ,,spain1 ,expulsion from1 #hfh1 #affi4 ,speech1 #bj4 ,spiritualism1 the real1 #aih4 ,,student1 the ,jewish1 #ag1 #afb4 ,superstition1 #aj4 ,symbols4 ,see ,ceremonies4 ,sympathy1 #cb4 ,,synagogue1 the1 #ad1 #afa ff4 ,see ,prayer1 ,liturgy4 ,,tabernacles1 #bej ff4 ,,talmud1 #fi ff42 sayings from1 #bhe ff42 parables and legends1 #f1 #cjb ff42 study of1 #ag1 #cd2 burning of the1 #aef1 #afb4 ,see ,index of ,sources4 ,tarphon1 ,rabbi1 #cah4 ,temple1 #agb1 #ahe1 #bah1 #bia4 ,,ten ,,commandments1 #bae4 ,tephillin1 #baf1 #cda4 ,,time ,,and ,,eternity1 #cja4 ,times1 ,judaism and the1 #bah4 ,toledo1 massacre at1 #afg4 ,,tolerance1 #be ff41 #acf1 #afj1 #cjf2 ,jew1 emblem of1 #acf1 #cjf4 ,,torah1 meaning of1 #ag2 student of1 #ag2 and ,israel1 #abg1 #abh1 #cjg4 ,see ,law1 ,bible4 ,,torah1 ,,sepher1 #bad4 ,torquemada1 #aff2 a new1 #agi4 ,tragedy of ,assimilation1 #aai4 ,transcendentalism of ,god1 #aic4 ,,treasures1 earthly1 #cjd2 heavenly1 #cjf4 ,trust in ,god1 #ej1 #bjd1 #bci4 ,,truth1 #h1 #bj1 #bgb1 #bhd4 ,,ukraine1 multi-massacres in1 #cca4 ,uprightness1 #bj4 ,,unity ,,of ,,god4 ,see ,god1 ,shema4 ,,universalism1 ,jewish1 #be1 #bf1 #fi1 #aeh1 #baj1 #cjf4 ,valentia1 massacre at1 #afg4 ,versions of the ,bible4 ,see ,bible4 ,vedas1 #acg4 #8,veteran of ,history'1 #cj4 ,virtue1 ,original1 #aih4 ,voltaire1 #agc4 ,,war1 the ,great1 #df1 #dg4 ,war ,graves ,commission1 #cbe4 ,warrior1 ,jew as1 #da4 ,,washington1 ,george1 and the ,jews1 #ief4 ,,watch ,,on ,,the ,,jordan1 #aag4 ,,weeks1 ,,feast ,,of4 ,see ,pentecost4 ,white ,garments on ,day of ,atonement1 #bcf4 ,,wicked1 thoughts of1 #bgg2 repentance of1 #bgh4 ,widow1 duty to1 #h4 ,wife4 ,see ,woman4 ,,will1 freedom of1 #bgf1 #cbh4 ,,wisdom1 #ai1 #aeh1 #bgj1 #bha1 #bhd2 true1 #cag2 the wise and foolish1 #bhja4 ,witness1 ,israel as4 ,see ,israel4 ,,woman1 ,jewish1 #h1 #ajab4 ,words1 ill1 #h1 #i2 multiplying1 #bj4 ,work1 #bj1 #cah4 ,works1 good1 #caa4 ,worship1 ,public4 ,see ,liturgy1 ,synagogue4 ,yahrzeit1 #aii4 ,,yiddish1 #ih2 ,cradle song1 #ab2 folk-song1 #cbc2 literature1 #ccc4 ,yogi1 ,jewish1 #cd4 ,,yom ,,kippur4 ,see ,atonement1 ,day of4 ,,york1 ,jews of1 #hce4 ,youth1 its opportunities1 #e2 its obligations1 #ahba4 ,zechut ,abot4 ,see ,original ,virtue4 ,,zedakah1 #ca1 #cb4 ,see ,justice1 ,charity4 ,zerubbabel1 #abd4 ,,zion1 ,halevi's ,ode to1 #bbj4 ,,zionism1 #aagbh1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ccd2 and religion1 #abgh4 ,zohar1 #cd4 ,zunz1 #ce4 ,,printed ,,at ,,oxford1 ,,england ,,by ,,frederick ,,hall1 ,,printer ,,to ,,the ,,university ,footnotes4 #a - ,cf4 p4 #ada4 #b - ,the ,greek-speaking ,jewish communities of antiquity1 especially ,alexandria1 ,egypt4 #c - ,the word ,torah has various meaningsthe ,pentateuch1 the ,bible1 the ,talmud1 as well as the whole body of religious study and practice4 #d - ,in use in ,english ,sephardi ,congregations on the occasion of a lad reaching the age of thirteenhis religious majority 7,bar ,mitzvah74 #e - ,lived about #aj ,b4,c4,e4#ij ,c4,e4 ,see p4 #bib4 #f - ,lived first century2 ,president of the ,academy at ,yabneh4 #g - ,from ,the ,jewish ,encyclopedia1 #8,judaism' 7,london and ,new ,york3 ,funk ,wagnalls74 #h - ,in the first century1 large numbers of non-,jews throughout the ,roman world became proselytes to ,judaism4 #i - ,in ,hebrew there is only one word1 ,zedakah1 for both ,charity and ,justice4 ,charity to the poor is thus merely justice to the poor4 #aj - ,from ,sermons 7,london3 ,geo4 ,routledge ,sons74 #aa - ,school1 usually for religious instruction only4 #ab - ,from ,anglo-,jewish ,memories 7,london3 ,geo4 ,routledge ,sons74 #ac - ,from ,songs of a ,wanderer 7,philadelphia3 ,jewish ,publication ,society74 #ad - ,cf4 p4 #bad4 #ae - ,cf4 pp4 #acgadj4 #af - ,name for ,synagogue liturgical poet4 #ag - ,the ,holy ,scriptures3 ,a ,new ,translation1 with the aid of previous versions and with constant consultation of ,jewish ,authorities4 ,jewish ,publication ,society1 ,philadelphia4 #ah - ,from #8,the ,position of ,judaism'1 ,north ,american ,review1 ,april1 #ahie4 #ai - ,cf4 p4 #adc4 #bj - ,cf4 p4 #aead4 #ba - ,cf4 p4 #aeg4 #bb - ,cf4 p4 #aei4 #bc - ,only the sudden death of the deranged emperor saved the defenceless population from fearful massacre4 #bd - ,the ,jewish communities in the ,rhine region were then decimated by massacre or by self-immolation in order to escape baptism4 #be - ,term for #8rabbi' among ,sephardi ,jews4 #bf - ,on the day following the expulsion1 ,columbus set sail for the discovery of ,america4 #bg - ,poetic name for ,israel4 #bh - #8,ishmael' and #8,persia' stand for ,mohammedan and ,christian ,powers respectively4 #bi - ,from ,blind ,children 7,london3 ,heinemann74 #cj - ,one of the oldest ,jewish congregations on the ,north ,american continent2 founded in #afeh4 #ca - ,from ,history of the ,jews in ,poland and ,russia 7,london3 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons74 #cb - ,from ,the ,jewish ,world1 ,london4 #cc - ,from ,the ,promised ,land 7,london3 ,heinemann74 #cd - ,from ,the ,promised ,land 7,london3 ,heinemann74 #ce - ,from ,stories and ,pictures 7,jewish ,publication ,society1 ,philadelphia74 #cf - ,from ,children of the ,ghetto 7,london3 ,heinemann74 #cg - ,see p4 #ahd4 #ch - ,from ,history of the ,people of ,israel 7,london3 ,chapman ,hall74 #ci - ,see p4 #bij4 #dj - ,cf4 pp4 #egfc4 #da - ,from ,passages of the ,bible ,chosen for their ,literary ,beauty 7,london3 ,a4 ,c4 ,black74 #db - ,the ,works of ,t4 ,h4 ,huxley 7,london3 ,macmillan ,co474 #dc - ,cf4 p4 #ff4 #dd - ,cf4 pp4 #fg and #fh4 #de - ,the ,book of ,jonah1 together with ,isaiah #eh1 is the prophetical ,lesson for the ,day of ,atonement4 #df - ,from ,history of the ,jewish ,church 7,london3 ,john ,murray74 #dg - ,cf4 p4 #fi4 #dh - ,see p4 #bij for the exact wording of ,hillel's saying4 #di - ,cf4 p4 #gb4 #ej - ,see p4 #bfh4 #ea - ,authorized ,prayer ,book1 p4 #cag4 #eb - ,from ,daniel ,deronda 7,london3 ,william ,blackwood ,sons74 #ec - ,from ,israel ,among the ,nations 7,london3 ,heinemann74 #ed - ,from ,historical ,miniatures 7,london3 ,george ,allen ,unwin74 #ee - ,a book in the ,apocrypha4 #ef - ,from ,history of ,rationalism in ,europe 7,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co474 #eg - ,from ,a ,short ,history of the ,english ,people 7,london3 ,macmillan ,co474 #eh - ,see foot-note1 p4 #ie4 ,in consequence of the ,american ,revolution1 the congregation became extinct4 ,no ,jew lived in ,newport when this poem was written4 #ei - ,cp4 pp4 #igajh4 #fj - ,from ,democracy and ,liberty 7,london3 ,longmans1 ,green ,co474 #fa - ,cp4 p4 #abe4 #fb - ,from ,the ,man that ,corrupted ,hadleyburg 7,london3 ,chatto ,windus74 #fc - ,authorized ,prayer ,book1 p4 #c4 #fd - ,from ,songs of a ,jew 7,london3 ,geo4 ,routledge ,sons74 #fe - ,scroll of the ,law4 #ff - ,plural of ,mitzvah1 a ritual precept or ceremonial law4 ,mitzvah also means #8a good deed'4 #fg - ,see p4 #bij4 #fh - ,johanan ben ,zakkai1 pupil of ,hillel and leader of ,israel after the ,destruction of ,jerusalem 7#gj ,c4,e474 ,he rescued ,judaism by founding the ,academy at ,jabneh4 #fi - ,from ,service of the ,synagogue 7,george ,routledge ,sons74 #gj - ,term for #8rabbi' among the ,chassidim or ,pietists of ,eastern ,europe4 #ga - ,penitential ,prayers before ,new ,year and ,atonement ,day4 #gb - ,temporary group of worshippers2 also term for the quorum of ten males required for public worship2 see p4 #f1 last line4 #gc - ,from ,service of the ,synagogue 7,geo4 ,routledge ,sons74 #gd - ,reading ,desk1 usually in the centre of the ,synagogue4 #ge - ,from ,service of the ,synagogue 7,george ,routledge ,sons74 #gf - #8,your health6' #gg - ,see #b ,maccabees for the story of the martyr mother and her seven sons4 #gh - ,cf4 p4 #aef4 #gi - ,in ,the ,jewish ,encyclopedia1 #8,holiness' 7,london and ,new ,york3 ,funk ,wagnalls74 #hj - ,see foot-note p4 #bah4 #ha - ,greatest of ,mishna teachers2 mystic1 warrior1 and martyr 7#acb ,c4,e474 #hb - ,companion of ,akiba2 declared the brotherhood of man to be the fundamental principle of religion4 #hc - ,most renowned of the ,rabbis2 born in ,babylon about one hundred years before the ,destruction of the ,temple 7#gj ,c4,e474 #hd - ,died in the middle of the first century4 #he - ,lived #acebbj2 #8,patriarch' and editor of the ,mishna4 #hf - ,mishna teacher of the #bnd century4 #hg - ,mishna teacher of the #bnd century4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's note3 ,punctuation has been standardized4 ,this book was written in a period when many words had not become standardized in their spelling4 ,words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text4 ,these have been left unchanged unless indicated below4 ,index references have not been checked for accuracy4 ,changes made ,page #aab3 ,sentence starting3 ,and through the rushing4444 - #8speakly' replaced with #8speaking' 7speaking sweetly as a violin47 ,page #bah3 ,sentence starting3 ,when the ,temple at ,jerusalem4444 - #8,wordly' replaced with #8,worldly' 7when ,worldly ,wisdom would7 ,page #bcg3 ,sentence starting3 ,israel appears before ,god4444 - #8,atonenent' replaced with #8,atonement' 7on the ,atonement ,day7 ,page #cbe3 ,sentence starting3 #cf4 ,achad ,ha'am3444 - #8,ahad' replaced with #8,achad' 7,achad ,ha'am37 ,page #cei3 ,sentence starting3 ,bontzye ,shweig1444 - #8#afi' replaced with #8#aji' 7,bontzye ,shweig1 #aji ff47 ,page #cfa3 ,sentence starting3 4444 - #8,azariah' replaced with #8,azaryah' 7,eleazar ben ,azaryah1 #ai47