,,cig>-,,box ,,dioramas                 
,a 8,h[-to-d-x0 ,h&book                 
by                               ,arm9ta
 ,neal                                  
,,cont5ts3     ,box prep>ation1         
backgr\nd                               
#a   ,=egr\nd blocks & figures          
#b   ,accessories 444 pap] ma*e mix     
#f       ,rocks1 caves1 8moonscapes0    
#h       ,bu%es & %rubs                 
#aj       ,f]ns & palms                 
#ab       ,wat]                         
#ad   ,l>g] displays                    
#af   ,trees                            
#ai       ,ev]gre5 ,trees               
#ai   ,smoke                            
#ba   ,sn[                              
#ba   ,s9c]e ?anks are due ,%irley      
,p>man & ,doris ,sam=d = _! assi/ance 9 
?is booklet's prep>ation4               
,copyright #aieh by ,arm9ta ,neal       
,second ,pr9t+ #aifa                    
,,y ,,w ,,ne$ 444     cig> boxes        
scissors1 small ,x-,acto knife ) #aa    
blades   ,tri-,tix rubb] cem5t1 ,elm]'s 

glue   black con/ruction pap]1 index    
c>ds or simil> weight c>dbo>d   pap]    
clips   small palette knife or spatula  
spray cans ( pa9t1 black rubb]-base pa9t
   piece ( plate glass ab\t #ab0 squ>e  
,9 addition1 y are apt to ne$ 444       
,pliobond cem5t 7manufactur$ by         
,goodye>7   tool+ alum9um or copp] 7f   
craft or hobby %ops7   ,balsa wood 9  & 
#a ?ick bo>ds1 or slabs ( /yr(oam       
pla/ic4           ,balsa wood f hobby   
%ops2 /yr(oam f flori/s1 t5-c5t         
/ores1 or insulation companies4         
assort$ twigs & dri$ we$s1 collect$ 9 ! 
,fall   sawdu/ sift$ into f9e1 m$ium1 & 
co>se grades   8,rit0 or 8,t9tex0       
dye--gre5s & br[ns   li*5 7f model      
railroad %ops7   gravel & f9e s&   nut  
picks1 lea!r modell+ tools1 d5tal tools1
 etc4   assort$ j>s ) lids1 cans1 o!r   
mix+ conta9]s   pap] ma*e mix 7expla9$ 9
 text7   model kits1 novelties1 s\v5irs1
 po/-c>ds1 etc4                         
,,box ,,prep>ation ,,& ,,backgr\nd   ,! 
box c be design$ ) ! lid to op5 up1 d[n 

or to "o side4 ,! ma9 label is pa/$     
inside ! lid4      ,illu/ration3        
7unlabell$7  ,! box is pa9t$ on !       
outside1 ei!r ) any ( ! rubb]-base      
7latex7 pa9ts1 or ) pa9t f a spray c4 ,!
 inside ( ! box is giv5 "o or two coats 
( ! black latex pa9t4 7,o!r flat black  
pa9ts may also be us$47  ,be v sure to  
wa% any bru%es t are us$ ) ! latex pa9t 
v soon aft] use4 ,use w>m wat] & b> soap
 7su* z ,ivory74 ,once ! rubb]-base pa9t
 h>d5s !re is little t c be done to     
re/ore ! bri/les4  ,a piece ( black     
con/ruction pap] is cut to fit ! box    
int]ior 9 a curve f "o side to ! o!r4 ,!
 magaz9e picture or l>ge po/-c>d y are  
us+ = ! backgr\nd is pa/$ to !          
con/ruction pap]1 us+ ,tri-,tix rubb]   
cem5t4 ,!n ?is curv$ pap] is pa/$ to !  
box4      ,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7     
,,=egr\nd ,,blocks ,,& ,,figures   ,if x
 is desir$1 a =egr\nd base c be made ) a
 block ( balsa wood or a piece ( /yr(oam
 pla/ic4 ,! mat]ial is c>v$ to bl5d1 9  
surface cont\rs1 ) ! backgr\nd picture4 

,if ! backgr\nd picture has l& ) unev5  
cont\rs1 ) hills or bluffs1 x w be be/  
to c>ve ! block ) a slope d[n away f !  
front ( ! box4      ,illu/ration3       
7,,front1 ,,cross-,,section7  ,if !     
backgr\nd picture %[s a l[1 level1 flat 
area1 ! =egr\nd block %\ld be c>v$ slop+
 up at ! back4      ,illu/ration3       
7,,front1 ,,cross-,,section7  ,if a flat
 base is desir$1 ,elm]'s glue is bru%$  
on ! bottom inside ( ! box & s&1 gravel1
 dy$ sawdu/ or o!r texture is spr9kl$ on
 ! wet glue1 aft] ! figures are glu$ 9  
place4      ,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7   
,! =egr\nd is made f cut-out pictures or
 f figures & accessories f hobby %ops1  
t5-c5t /ores or o!r s\rces4  ,!re are   
two me?ods ( us+ magaz9e pictures = !   
=egr\nd figures3  7#a7 ,pa/e ! pictures 
to index c>ds or c>dbo>d ( simil>       
weight4 ,use ,tri-,tix cem5t4 ,put !    
picture face d[n on scrap pap]2 bru% or 
spread a ?9 b complete coat ( ,tri-,tix 
on ! back ( ! picture4 ,"w f ! c5t] out1
 9 radiat+ /rokes4      ,illu/ration3   

,,scrap ,,pap]  ,turn+ ! picture ov]1   
place ! c5t] ( ! picture d[n on !       
c>dbo>d4 ,smoo? d[n f ! c5t] out4 ,place
 piece ( wax$ or scrap pap] ov] picture1
 roll d[n ) a l9oleum bray] or roll+ p94
 ,?is helps to remove all air bubbles4  
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7  ,let cem5t   
dry completely be=e trimm+ picture4 ,:5 
! excess rubb] cem5t 7squeez$ out on !  
scrap pap]7 has *ang$ f milky :ite to a 
transluc5t mat]ial1 ! cem5t on ! picture
 w be dry4 ,cutt+ aga9/ ! plate glass1  
trim out ! p>ts ( ! picture ne$$ ) !    
,x-,acto knife4 ,cutt+ aga9/ ! glass    
produces a clean] edge ?an aga9/ a      
diff]5t surface4  ,if y\r =egr\nd is !  
flat side ( ! box1 )\t c>v$ balsa or    
/yr(oam block1 leave tabs on ! bottoms (
 ! trimm$ figures4 ,fold ^! tabs back & 
glue to base4      ,illu/ration3 ,,tab  
,if y\r =egr\nd is ( c>v$ balsa or      
/yr(oam1 trim out figure completely1 !n 
glue support+ wire to ! back4 ,/raight5$
 pap] clips may be us$1 be+ glu$ d[n )  
,elm]'s glue4 ,let ab\t  ( wire ext5d f 

bottom ( figure4 ,:5 glue is dry1 =ce   
wire into base4      ,illu/ration3      
7unlabell$7  7#b7 ,! second me?od ( us+ 
pictures is to glue ! picture to a piece
 ( light weight 7tool+7 alum9um or copp]
 7ab\t #cb oz4 weight74 ,bru% ,pliobond 
on ! back ( ! picture1 smoo? picture on 
alum9um or copp]4 ,press out all air    
bubbles4 ,! ,pliobond holds imm$iately2 
!re is no ne$ to wait4 ,use scissors to 
cut out ! picture4 ,manicure scissors w 
help 9 small areas4 ,n>r[ /rips1 su* z !
 legs ( animals1 w curl1 b ! ,pliobond w
 hold ! pap] tight1 & ! metal c be      
/raight5$4 ,fold a rag or smoo?-f9i% h& 
t[el 7n t]ry clo?7 into a s(t pad4      
,place trimm$ picture face d[n on pad4  
,us+ a d5tal tool1 r\nd$ end ( a nut    
pick1 lea!r modell+ tools or simil>     
equipm5t1 "w ! metal into a r\nd$ =m4   
,tool 9 ! same mann] z 9 regul> copp]   
"w4      ,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7  ,:5 
completely tool$1 ! figure w h an       
appe>ance simil> to t ( bas-relief4     
,aga91 ! figures are re9=c$ ) wire glu$ 

to ! back1 us+ ,pliobond4 ,z ) ! c>dbo>d
 back$ figures1 ! wire %\ld ext5d ab\t  
f ! bottom ( ! figure4 ,! figure is     
fa/5$ 9 ! same mann]1 by =c+ ! wire into
 ! base block4      ,illu/ration3       
7unlabell$7  ,if ! =egr\nd figure does n
 /& high] ?an ! cig> box is deep1 x may 
be plac$ on ! lid ( ! box1 & ! backgr\nd
 mat]ial c>efully locat$ s t ! lid w    
/ill close4      ,illu/ration3          
7unlabell$7                             
,,accessories   ,gr\nd3  ,all gr\nd has 
texture1 :e!r x is a p9e-ne$le blanket$ 
slope or an asphalt pavem5t4 ,! surface 
b5ea? our feet looks no?+ at all z does 
a pa9t$ surface4 ,s x is1 t "o ( ! mo/  
important po9ts to rememb] 9 creat+ an  
illusion ( reality & dep? 9 a diorama1  
:e!r x is ( cig> box or dep>tm5t /ore   
w9d[ size1 is to create an appropriate  
=egr\nd texture4  ,! balsa wood or      
/yr(oam block y may h us$ 9 y\r =egr\nd 
provides ! ma9 %ape & bulk ( t =egr\nd4 
,a good pap]-ma*e mix c be made by mix+ 
equal p>ts ( ,pla/]-(-,p>is1 yell[      

dextr9e1 & p[d]$ asbe/os4 ,! pla/] &    
asbe/os c be f\nd 9 build+ supply /ores1
 & ! yell[ dextr9e at ! *emical supply  
h\ses4 ,d5v] ,fire ,clay has ! yell[    
dextr9e 9 ,d5v]4 ,put ^! ?ree dry       
+r$i5ts 9 a j> & %ake !m until !y are   
well di/ribut$4 ,! mix c be /or$ dry4   
,to use1 add wat] to ! dry mix to !     
consi/5cy ( putty or a v ?ick pa/e1 mix+
 j en\gh to use at "o "t4 ,! ma*e w =m a
 8sk90 on ! surface 9 ab\t an h\r1 b c  
be pu%$ & modell$ some:at long]4 ,x w   
dry to a rock-l h>dness ov]night4 ,if y 
plan to build up mu* ?ickness1 x is be/ 
to d x 9 sev]al ?9 lay]s4 ,let ea* lay] 
dry be=e add+ ! next4 ,! ma*e mix is    
spread ov] ! balsa wood or /yr(oam block
 ) ! palette knife or flexible spatula1 
to a ?ickness ( no m ?an _/4 ,if ! mix  
/icks to ! palette knife 7or to y\r     
f+]s71 moi/5 ! knife j a little1 & !    
mat]ial w n /ick4  ,! ma*e c be us$ to  
make a smoo? jo9t betwe5 ! =egr\nd block
 t slopes up at ! back & ! picture      
backgr\nd4 ,try to make ?is jo9t a smoo?

 curve1 n a %>p angle4                  
,illu/ration3 ,,ma*e ,,mix  ,cliff faces
 & l>ge rocks1 or =mations su* z ^? 9 a 
8moonscape01 c be c>v$ f /yr(oam *unks4 
,! blocks or *unks are fa/5$ toge!r by  
us+ wood5 too?picks & ,elm]'s glue4 ,!  
complete =egr\nd is !n cov]$ ) a lay] ( 
! pap] ma*e mix to hide ! obvi\s pla/ic 
texture4 ,aga91 ,elm]'s glue is bru%$ on
 & ! 8rocks0 are giv5 a texture ) f9e   
sawdu/ or s&4      ,illu/ration3        
,moonscape    ,,backgr\nd ,,(           
8,,moonscape0 ,,cut ,,f ,,book ,,jacket4
   ,,/yr(oam ,,c>v$ ,,into ,,rock ,,=m4 
,,bottom ,,sme>$ ,,) ,,elm]',s ,,glue1  
,,too?pick ,,=c$ ,,into ,,base4         
,,/yr(oam ,,base  ,ano!r type ( cliff   
face1 ) a c>v$ cave op5+ 7= be>s1       
prehi/oric cave dwell]s1 etc47 is made 9
 ! same way4 ,9 m\nt+1 ! backgr\nd      
picture is curv$ on j "o side & ! c>v$  
cliff face occupies ! full dep? ( ! cig>
 box on ! side opposite ! curve4        
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7  ,! same cov]+
 ( ma*e1 glue1 & texture f9i%es ?is     

=egr\nd4      ,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7 
,if grass-l 8we$s0 or plants are to be  
%[n 9 ! =egr\nd !y c be made ( hemp rope
 cut & pu%$ into ! wet ma*e mix4 ,dye ! 
hemp gre5 ) 8,rit0 or 8,t9tex0 be=e us+4
 ,! adhesive quality ( ! mix w hold !   
/r&s securely4 ,:5 ! ma*e mix has dri$  
to a rock h>dness1 ! gr\nd is pa9t$ ) a 
?ick coat ( ,elm]'s glue & spr9kl$ ) a  
g5]\s lay] ( v>y+ textures & colors4 ,v 
f9e sawdu/ already dy$ a bright gre5 is 
available at model railroad %ops z model
 railroad 8grass04 ,if y pref] a less   
brilliant color1 y may dye sawdu/ ) !   
,rit or ,t9tex4      ,illu/ration3      
7unlabell$7  ,take two "o p\nd c(fee    
cans4 ,pun* holes 9 ! bottom ( "o ) a   
hamm] & nail4 ,hold ! c(fee c aga9/ a   
scrap ( #b  #d wood :5 y pun* ! holes4  
,set up ! cans1 ! 8sieve0 on top4 ,fill 
! top c ab\t half full ( sawdu/4 ,heat  
two or ?ree cups ( wat] to boil+ po9t4  
,drop 9 dye tablet or p[d] & let x      
dissolve4  ,p\r hot dye ov] sawdu/4 ,!  
dye c be p\r$ ?r\gh ! sawdu/ z _m times 

z is necess>y to get ! dep? ( color     
desir$4 ,spread wet sawdu/ out on       
newspap]s to dry4  ,x is a good idea to 
dye sev]al bat*es ) diff]5t gre5s &     
br[ns1 & to sift ! dri$ sawdu/ ?r\gh a  
piece ( w9d[ scre51 !n a kit*5 sieve1 to
 get f9e1 m$ium & co>se grades4 ,a      
diff]5t texture c be made by gr9d+ up a 
wood5 d[el 7available at h>dw>e /ores or
 lumb] companies7 9 a clean p5cil %>p5]4
 ,:5 y glue ! sawdu/--or f9e s&--or any 
o!r texture to ! base1 v>y ! color & !  
texture4 ,use "s light gre5 & "s d>k1 & 
add a little br[n or tan ( a f9] texture
 ?an ! gre51 to resemble dirt %[+ ?r\gh 
! grass4 ,gravel rang+ f ,,bb %ot to    
g>d5 pea size c be us$ = l>g] rocks4 ,x 
is also a good idea to use co>se        
textures ne> ! front ( ! box1 f9e       
textures at ! re>1 to approximate a     
correct textural p]spective4  ,! mo/    
important ?+ to d 9 putt+ 9 ?is dirt &  
grass cov]+ is to obs]ve nature itself z
 closely z x is possible1 see+ j h[     
pat*es ( vegetation gr[--:e!r slopes are

 b>e & :at ! 8mosaic0 ( dirt & gre5ness 
is4 ,! =egr\nd w look natural only if x 
is bas$ on obs]v$ k ( ! actual          
relation%ips 9 nature4                  
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7   ,bu%es &    
,%rubs 444  c be made ) ! previ\sly     
describ$ hemp me?od & by us+ li*5 f     
model railroad %ops1 dri$ we$s & twigs1 
f]n-l mat]ial 7actually a k9d ( seawe$7 
usually sold at ,*ri/mas "t by t5-c5t   
/ores1 by us+ cut pap] & any o!r mat]ial
 t appe>s appropriate4 ,sponges are n   
recomm5d$4 ,someh[1 !y always resemble  
no?+ b sponges4  ,li*5 c be torn into   
little clumps & fa/5$ to ! base )       
,elm]'s glue4  ,dri$ we$s & twigs c be  
dipp$ 9 ,elm]'s glue1 !n spr9kl$ ) or   
dipp$ into ! dy$ sawdu/ to get a diff]5t
 texture 9 a bu%4 ,if y h cut t9y scraps
 ( color$ pap]1 ^! c be spott$ on ! li*5
 or dri$ we$ bu%es to resemble fl[]s4 ,a
 too?pick w help to put j "o drop ( glue
 on ! bu%--& ! same glue-dipp$ too?pick 
w !n pick up ! fleck ( color to put x 9 
place4  ,unpr9t$ newspap] 7available 9  

pads f art supply /ores7 c be us$ to    
make ! spe>s at ! base ( a yucca tree4  
,cut a /rip ( unpr9t$ newspap]4 ,sla% x4
      ,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7  ,roll  
up /rip tightly & spread ,elm]'s glue   
along bottom ( /rip z y roll4 ,b5d out] 
lay]s d[n to make prop] %ape4           
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7  ,prickly pe> 
cactus c be made ) pipe clean]s b5t into
 correct outl9e1 ti$ ) ?read1 !n !      
outl9es fill$ 9 ) ! pap] ma*e mix4      
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7   ,f]ns &     
palms 444  ,f]ns & palms are made by    
glu+ a wire 7get a spool ( #bb or #bc   
gauge wire f a h>dw>e /ore7 betwe5 two  
l5g?s ( gumm$ pap] tape4 ,let wire ext5d
 beyond pap] tape = l5g? ( /em or trunk 
plus ! usual  = pu%+ into ! base4       
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7  ,b5d pap]    
ov]1 trim1 !n sla%4 ,make sev]al1 !n    
twi/ wire 8/ems0 toge!r4                
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7  ,pa9t fronds 
) po/] color1 wat] color1 or latex :ite 
) case9 colors4      ,illu/ration3      
7unlabell$7  ,if 8fiddl5ecks0 are       

requir$1 !y c be made f pipe clean]s &  
twi/$ 9 ) ! wire /ems ( ! fronds4       
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7    ,,crepe    
,,pap]   ,,trunk ,,c ,,be ,,padd$ ,,)   
,,cotton4  ,wrap /ems )  or  /rip ( br[n
 crepe pap] cut across gra9 ( package1 &
 fa/5$ ) libr>y pa/e or ,elm]'s glue4   
,b5d wire 8fronds0 into prop] %ape4     
,drill or pun* hole 9 base4 ,sme> base (
 tree & hole ) ,elm]'s glue1 m\nt tree 9
 place4 ,glue dirt or grass 9 place at  
base ( tree4      ,illu/ration3         
7unlabell$7   ,wat]  ,a quiet pond may  
be made ) a mirror4 ,glue ! mirror to ! 
cig> box be=e in/all+ any?+ else4 ,glue 
9 ! backgr\nd picture next1 !n c>ve     
*unks ( /yr(oam = ! rema9+ =egr\nd4     
,slope 8%ores0 d[n t[>d mirror 8pond04  
,let ! edges ( ! /yr(oam cov] edges (   
mirror1 mak+ an irregul> %ape = ! pond4 
,glue /yr(oam 9 place ) ,elm]'s4 ,= add$
 realism1 ripples may be add$ to !      
mirror surface1 us+ cle> v>ni% & oil    
pa9ts4 ,mix a t9y bit ( ,prussian or    
8,?alo0 blue ) "s cle> v>ni%4 ,use j    

en\gh to t9t ! v>ni%4 ,fl[ v>ni% on     
surface ( mirror1 to a dep? ( ab\t _/4  
,be=e v>ni% is completely dry1 use an   
empty 8,flit0 gun to pump air ov] !     
surface4 ,?is air w =m ripples :i*1 z ! 
v>ni% dries1 w rema9 on ! surface4 ,x   
may be necess>y to repeat ! air pump+ a 
few times be=e ! v>ni% surface h>d5s4   
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7  ,a /ream c be
 made us+ brok5 glass & "s ,duco or     
,te/or's ,airplane cem5t4 ,! light blue 
glass f brok5 telephone l9e insulators1 
light blue ,mexican glass or o!r glass (
 a light blue color may be us$4 ,put !  
glass 9 a pap] sack1 !n put t sack into 
two m sacks4 ,put ! sacks on a solid    
surface & break ! glass into small      
pieces by hitt+ ! sack ) a hamm]4  ,make
 y\r =egr\nd ) /yr(oam or balsa wood    
*unks1 cov]+ ! mat]ial ) ! pap] ma*e mix
 & work+ out 7modell+7 ! /ream b$ ) !   
mix4 ,let ! ma*e h>d5 be=e complet+ !   
/ream4 ,:ile ! mix is /ill s(t1 pu% 9   
we$s1 cattails1 any correct /reamside   
plants1 mak+ !m f hemp rope or f o!r    

previ\sly describ$ mat]ials4            
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7    ,,rope     
,,/r&s ,,dipp$ ,,9 ,,glue ,,or ,,pla/]  
,,= ,,cattails4444   ,,rocks ,,plac$ ,,9
 ,,dry ,,/ream ,,b$4  ,:5 ! /ream b$ is 
h>d1 pa9t ! bottom ) a blue pa9t2 light5
 ?is blue color z y pa9t f ! bottom t[>d
 ! sides4 ,along ! banks ( ! /ream1 pa9t
 9 a light br[n color4 ,let ! pa9t dry  
completely4 ,squirt a small am\nt (     
,duco or ,te/or's along ! /ream bottom2 
spr9kle pieces ( glass ?ickly 9 glue    
be=e ! glue sets4 ,pu% ! glass into !   
glue to be sure x is well an*or$4       
,squirt m cem5t ov] top ( glass until   
top surface looks ! same z a /ream      
surface4 ,aga91 foll[ nature z closely z
 x is possible4 ,base y\r /ream         
direction1 fl[1 eddies1 & riffles on    
obs]v$ k4 ,mix a little talcum p[d] 9 "s
 ( ! glue & /ir quickly & h>d to get a  
fro?4 ,use ?is :ite1 fro?y mat]ial along
 ! "p ( ! /ream surface t w\ld be fro?y4
 ,if y want ! 8wat]0 to be break+ ov]   
b\ld]s 9 ! /ream b$1 place pea-size     

gravel pebbles 9 ! /ream b$ at ! same "t
 y place ! glass fragm5ts4  ,ano!r me?od
 = a /ream uses alum9um foil & light    
blue cellophane4 ,us+ ord9>y h\sehold   
alum9um foil1 te> (f en\gh to cov] !    
bottom ( y\r /ream area4 ,crumple ! foil
 tightly1 !n smoo? x out & glue to !    
base ) ,duco1 ,te/or's1 or ,pliobond4   
,cut a piece ( blue-gre5 cellophane to  
fit ov] ! foil4 ,crumple ! cellophane   
tightly1 !n smoo? out4 ,glue !          
cellophane to ! foil ) ,duco or         
,te/or's4  ,f9i% bo? ( ! above /ream    
me?ods by pa9t+ ,elm]'s glue along !    
banks & %ore1 cov]+ ! edge ( ! wat]     
area1 !n spr9kle ) s&1 sawdu/1 or o!r   
texture1 & complete ! vegetation z      
previ\sly describ$4                     
,,l>g] ,,displays   ,mo/ ( ! me?ods us$ 
9 mak+ ! cig> box exhibits c be us$ 9   
prep>+ l>g] displays1 b ! imm$iate      
problem pres5t$ is t ( ! sett+1 s9ce !re
 are no /&>d size boxes ( ! correct     
proportions into :i* to put y\r =egr\nd 
mat]ial4 ,?is is easily solv$4 ,use     

,elm]'s glue & c>pet tacks to fa/5 a    
piece ( pebble-bo>d1 matt bo>d1 or po/] 
bo>d to two #a  #a wood5 supports4      
,illu/ration3 ,,pebble ,,bo>d #a #a     
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7  ,nail on top 
& bottom wood5 #a  #a braces to give !  
curve to ! backgr\nd4  ,poke1 pull1 &   
b5d w9d[ scre5 to =m ma9 cont\rs ( base4
      ,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7  ,drill 
pairs ( holes ar\nd pebble-bo>d         
backgr\nd4 ,pu% hairp9 %ap$ wire        
7/ovepipe wire or f9]7 ?r\gh scre51     
?r\gh holes1 twi/ tightly 9 back )      
pli]s4  ,spread pap] ma*e mix ov] w9d[  
scre5 ) palette knife or spatula4 ,dry  
temp]a pigm5ts may be mix$ v sp>+ly )   
ma*e to give a basic gr\nd color4 ,smoo?
 jo9t betwe5 scre5 & backgr\nd into a   
curve1 n a %>p angle4      ,illu/ration3
 7unlabell$7  8,plant0 hemp 8bu%es0 9   
wet ma*e if desir$4      ,illu/ration3  
7unlabell$7    ,,backgr\nd %ad$ ,,d>k   
top to ,,light bottom   ,,base %ad$     
,,d>k front to ,,light back             
,,pebblebo>d ,,front  ,mix ?ree sky     

blues f ,t[ne's ,gold ,bond ,latex ,blue
 & a latex :ite4 ,pa9t d>k at ! top1    
bl5d m$ium 9 ! middle1 light at bottom1 
bl5d+ almo/ to :ite at ! horizon4 ,use a
 s(t #a bru%4 ,d n be afraid to bl5d4   
,cut & glue a piece ( pebble-bo>d to fit
 betwe5 ! bottom ( cont\r$ =egr\nd &    
base4 ,use ,elm]'s glue4  ,mix ?ree     
br[ns = gr\nd color4 ,use burnt umb]    
case9 tube color ) latex :ite4 ,pa9t d>k
 at front ( =egr\nd1 bl5d ?r\gh m$ium to
 v light at ! backgr\nd4 ,:5 pa9t dries1
 proce$ z ) cig> box1 spread+ =egr\nd   
surface ) a ?ick coat ( ,elm]'s glue1   
spr9kl+ on dy$ sawdu/1 s&1 gravel1 etc4 
,bu%es & %rubs are made ! same way1 )   
li*51 we$s1 & o!r mat]ials4             
,,trees   ,autumn & w9t] trees are made 
f dri$ twigs & we$s4 ,leaf$-out trees   
are made f clo!sl9e wire & li*54 ,twi/  
wire into tree skeleton %ape4 ,see art  
books on 8h[ to draw trees0 = diff]5t   
tree skeletons & silh\ettes4 ,cov] wire 
trunk ) pap] ma*e mix & model to        
resemble b>k4 ,te> (f small clumps (    

li*5 & glue to wire bran*es ) ,elm]'s   
glue4 ,drape "s pieces ov] sev]al       
bran*es4      ,illu/ration3 ,,base      
,drill hole 9 base1 glue tree 9 place4  
,use pap] ma*e to build up base ( tree &
 to model expos$ roots4                 
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7    ,,bottle   
,,bru% ,,tree   ,,pla/ic ,,tree ,,kit   
,,ev]gre5 ,,trees  ,small trees 9 !     
di/ance c be made by trimm+ bottle or   
te/-tube bru%es to ! prop] %ape4 ,dip   
tree 9 gre5 enamel pa9t1 !n spr9kle dy$ 
sawdu/ on wet pa9t1 or %ake pa9t-wet    
tree 9 j> ) dy$ sawdu/4 ,use pap] ma*e  
mix to build prop] trunk texture4 ,m$ium
 size trees c be made f an excell5t     
8,tree ,kit0 manufactur$ by ,aurora     
,pla/ics ,co41 ( ,we/ ,hemp/ead1 ,new   
,york1 & available at mo/ model railroad
 %ops4 ,?is kit conta9s graduat$        
sections t are /ack$ toge!r & glu$4 ,x w
 help to t\* up & v>y ! color4 ,oil     
pa9ts w /ick to ! pla/ic4 ,^! trees are 
glu$ to y\r base ) ,pliobond4  ,l>ge    
ev]gre5s c be made f gold5 y>r[ ga!r$ 9 

fall & w9t]4 ,! /alks are dy$ a deep    
gre5 & p]mitt$ to dry4                  
,illu/ration3 7unlabell$7    #bj ,,gauge
 ,,wire   ,,bran*es ,,wir$ ,,toge!r     
,use ,weldwood contact cem5t to glue a  
small diamet] wire to "u side ( twig4   
,use tube to spread cem5t along twig4   
,hold wire ) spr+ clo!sp9 & run full    
l5g? ( wire into tube4 ,let cem5t dry = 
ab\t #ae m9utes1 !n press wire to "u    
side ( twig4 ,b5d wire & /em into desir$
 position4 ,use f9e wire to fa/5 sev]al 
twigs toge!r into bran*es4  ,us+ a wood5
 d[el at lea/  9 diamet] 7get at h>dw>e 
/ore up to #c long71 drill small holes  
?r\gh f diff]5t angles4 ,!n1 by :ittl+  
or s&+1 tap] ! d[el4 ,poke wire-wrapp$  
bran* ends into holes4 ,an*or )         
,pliobond4 ,let dry1 !n trim excess     
bran* l5g?s f opposite side ( trunk4    
,use pap] ma*e mix to cov] wood5 d[el1  
%ape & ?ick5 bran*es & trunk1 & model   
bran* jo9ts4 ,pa9t ! pap] ma*e ) wat]   
colors1 po/] colors1 or latex :ite )    
case9 temp]as4      ,illu/ration3 ,,use 

,,pap] ,,ma*e ,,to ,,model ,,roots      
,,smoke 444   is made by spray+ a wisp (
 cotton ) cle> ,krylon4 ,?is cle> pla/ic
 9 a spray c is obta9$ f ne>ly any art  
supply h\se & at mo/ h>dw>e /ores4 ,draw
 out ! cotton into a smoke-%ap$ wisp4   
,spray g5tly ) ! ,krylon to set %ape1 !n
 spray aga9 to /r5g!n4 ,! cotton may be 
drawn out ev5 m aft] ! ,krylon has set4 
,,sn[ 444   c be indicat$ by us+ /yr(oam
 & n coat+ x ) ! pap] ma*e mix4 ,a f9]  
textur$ sn[ is made by spray+ ! ,*ri/mas
 spray-c 8sn[0 ov] ! modell$ pap] ma*e  
base1 & add+ sp>kle by glue+ specks (   
salt 9 place4 ,! spray-c sn[ is a good  
mat]ial to use 9 putt+ sn[ on tree      
bran*es4  ,"o la/ m9ute tip 444 :5 y use
 a bru% ) ! ,tri-,tix rubb] cem5t1 soap 
! bri/les ?or\ghly be=e us+4 ,get ! bru%
 wet1 !n scrub up a good la!r ) ,ivory  
or simil> b> soap2 squeeze mo/ ( ! la!r 
out ( ! bru%1 b d n wa% x out4 ,!n1 9   
its la!r$ /ate1 use ! bru% ) !          
,tri-,tix4 ,wa% x out imm$iately aft]   
use4 ,! soap rema9+ 9 ! bru% dur+ !     

glue+ process w make ! bru% easy to     
clean4   ,a f9al ^w4444  ,rememb]       
always1 t x is n necess>y = a p]son to h
 tra9$ arti/ic ability to produce       
int]e/+ exhibits4 ,imag9ation & !       
ability to try some?+ new are ! only    
requirem5ts4 ,mat]ials c be f\nd1       
sometimes1 9 mo/ unlikely spots 444     
aqu>ium supply /ores1 novelty %ops4     
,once "o has become consci\s ( !        
possibilities1 m9iature ?+s leap into   
view f ! /ore %elves1 & :ole =e/s (     
trees c be se5 9 a we$4                 
,,cig> ,,box ,,dioramas  ,^! little     
displays c be us$ 9 _m ways4 ,!y are    
simple en\gh t a *ild c make !m1        
effective en\gh to /imulate int]e/ 9 !  
subject portray$4 ,!y c be made by !    
tea*] & us$ to sp>k int]e/ 9 new units  
or made by ! /ud5ts z projects = ! unit4
 ,!y are useful z foll[-up projects aft]
 a field trip to a museum1 indu/ry1 or  
o!r place ( int]e/4  ,"o ne$ n be an    
arti/ to create int]e/+ & acceptable    
displays4 ,!re are _m items available f 

novelty /ores1 s\v5ir c\nt]s1 or t5-c5t 
/ores1 :i* c be adapt$ to use 9 ! cig>  
boxes4 ,pictures clipp$ f magaz9es c be 
us$ = backgr\nds1 z c ! l>ge picture    
po/-c>ds n[ f\nd ne>ly ev]y:]e4  ,!     
p]son :o ex]cises imag9ation1 see+ space
 %ips 9 pla/ic hair curl]s & rocket %ips
 9 metal p5cil protectors1 w enjoy mak+ 
! exhibits & w be able to %>e ! creative
 exp]i5ce ) o!rs4                       
,,arm9ta ,,neal                         
#difj ,w4 ,oregon ,place                
,d5v] #ai1 ,colorado                    
,transcrib]'s ,notes   --,sil5tly       
correct$ a few typos4  --,reta9$        
publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3
 ?is e,book   is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry
 ( publication4  --,collat$ ,table (    
,cont5ts1 & add$ "s captions to all[ !  
,,toc to   be fully l9k$4  --,9 ! text  
v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$
 by   und]scores4