,a ,,manual ,,( ,,bird ,,/udy           
,a ,description (                       
,tw5ty-five ,local ,birds ) ,/udy       
,outl9es                                
,,william ,h4 ,,c>r                     
,assi/ant ,curator1 ,dep>tm5t (         
,education                      ,s*ool  
,s]vice ,s]ies--,numb] ,"o              
,?ird ,edition1 ,m>*1 #aicd             
,dep>tm5t ( ,education                  
,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory     
#gg? ,/reet & ,c5tral ,p>k ,we/         
,new ,york ,city        ,,circulat+     
,,nature ,,collections ,,( ,,birds ,,9  
,,! ,,am]ican ,,museum ,,(              
,,natural ,,hi/ory   ,?is ,bird ,/udy   
,manual is int5d$ especially = ! use (  
tea*]s & pupils 9 ! ,new ,york ,city    
,s*ools4 ,x is writt5 prim>ily to       
describe ! birds conta9$ 9 ! circulat+  
nature /udy collections :i* ! ,am]ican  
,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory loans to     
public s*ools4 ,h[ev] x may be us$ z a  
g5]al guide to bird /udy z well4 ,!     
v>i\s /udy outl9es tell ! /ory ( diff]5t

 projects t may be develop$ 9 connection
 ) birds4 ,typical birds are illu/rat$4 
,z mu* z is possible 9 ! life hi/ory (  
ea* bird is giv54 ,! bird poems may be  
us$ 9 connection ) ! /udy ( ,engli%4 ,! 
/udy ( birds may v well be correlat$ ) !
 /udies ( _m o!r subjects su* z ,civics1
 ,geography & o!r topics4  ,! purpose ( 
! loan collections ( birds & o!r animals
 9 ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory
 is to place 9 ! h&s ( tea*]s good      
mat]ial = classroom in/ruction1 ,at !   
same "t au?oritative data is giv5 ) ea* 
collection4 ,^! loan collections are    
available = any tea*] 9 any s*ool 9     
,great] ,new ,york4  ,! me?od ( obta9+  
^! collections has be5 made ! simple/   
possible z f> z ! tea*]s are conc]n$4   
,at lea/ once a ye> 79 ,septemb]71 &    
sometimes twice a ye>1 a return po/al   
c>d is mail$ to e s*ool pr9cipal 9 !    
,city sy/em1 ,all t ! pr9cipal has to d 
to obta9 ! collections is to indicate by
 num]als ! sequ5ce 9 :i* he wants !     
collections deliv]$1 sign+ 8 "n & s*ool 

numb]4 ,! ,museum mess5g]s w !n deliv] !
 collections1 & call = !m1 )\t any m    
ef=t on ! "p ( ! s*ools4 ,! entire co/ (
 ?is s]vice is borne by ! ,museum4      
,tea*]s are urg$1 :5ev] possible1 to br+
 _! classes to ! ,am]ican ,museum (     
,natural ,hi/ory1 at #gg? ,/reet &      
,c5tral ,p>k ,we/1 to take advantage ( !
 opportunities = fur!r /udy t are (f]$4 
,9 ! _m halls ( birds & animals1 ! home 
life & ! g5]al habitat ( ! creatures are
 giv5 9 detail4 ,!re is a free guide    
s]vice = tea*]s & pupils4 ,also !re are 
classes = s*ool *ildr5 held 9 ! new     
,s*ool ,s]vice ,build+4 ,9 fact1 ! weal?
 ( natural hi/ory /udy mat]ial is always
 !re1 available 9 _m ways = ! use ( all 
:o desire to fur!r _! k ( ! animals ( ! 
out-(-doors4  ,applications = ^!        
collections & = fur!r in=mation %\ld be 
address$ to ,! ,am]ican ,museum (       
,natural ,hi/ory1 #gg? ,/reet & ,c5tral 
,p>k ,we/1 ,new ,york ,city4            
,george ,h4 ,%]wood1 ,curator-9-,*ief   
,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,education   ,!     

,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory has 
five collections ( birds to l5d to      
,public ,s*ools4 ,^! five are3          
,! ,bluebird ,set                       
,bluebird--,phoebe--,b>n ,swall[--,h\se 
,wr5--,*imney ,swift4                   
,! ,owl ,set  ,*ickadee--,nu?at*--,song 
,sp>r[--,scree* ,owl--,k+let4           
,! ,rob9 ,set  ,rob9--,r$-w+$           
,blackbird--,baltimore ,oriole--,*ipp+  
,sp>r[--,mead[l>k4                      
,! ,blue ,jay ,set  ,blue ,jay--,d[ny   
,woodpeckcr--,/>l+--,junco--,engli%     
,sp>r[--,crossbill4                     
,! ,sc>let ,tanag] ,set  ,sc>let        
,tanag]--,r$-ey$                        
,vireo--,goldf9*--,humm+bird--,pigeon4  
,o!r ,types ( ,loan ,collections ,t ,may
 be ,secur$ ,are3  ,insects--,sponges & 
,corals--,cru/aceans--,m9]als &         
,rocks--,native ,woods--,/>fi%es &      
,worms--,mollusks4                      
,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,tea*]s   ,x is       
sometimes helpful to /udy birds by ! ,"q
 & ,answ] me?od4 ,! foll[+ que/ions are 

writt5 to sugge/ o!rs ( a simil> nature4
  ,:at is a ,bird8 ,a bird is an animal 
t has fea!rs4 ,no o!r animal       has  
fea!rs4      ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,city ,,(
 ,,/range ,,birds      ,"s ( ! brighte/ 
spots 9 *ildhood are connect$ ) a vague 
realization ( ! beauty & my/]y ( ! _w4  
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,ord] ,,po/c>d       
,requisition+ ! s]vice has be5 simplifi$
 to ! n? degree4     ,all t a pr9cipal  
ne$s to d to obta9 ! collections is to  
indicate by num]als ! sequ5ce 9 :i* he  
wants !m deliv]$4  ,:at are ,fea!rs ,us$
 ,=8 ,fea!rs help to keep ! bird w>m4 ,)
       ! aid ( fea!rs ! bird flies4     
,:at ,o!r ,creature is ,able to ,fly    
,)\t ! ,aid ( ,fea!rs8 ,! bat       c   
fly ^u w+s ( ?9 sk94  ,:at are ! ,names 
( ,"s ,birds t are ,not$ = ,_! ,ability 
to       ,swim1 ,fly1 ,creep1 & ,walk8  
,! ,bald ,eagle & ! ,condor are bo?     
birds t are v /rong fli]s4 ,c y "n any  
o!rs8 ,!       ducks are at home 9 !    
wat]4 ,c y "n any o!r birds t       are 
able to swim ) ease8 ,! little ,br[n    

,creep] & _m       o!r birds are v happy
 9 _! ability to creep up & to          
climb trees4 ,! ,*ick5 & ! ,p>tridge are
 bo? excell5t       walk]s4 ,"n "s o!r  
birds t walk4  ,:at ,birds ,help !      
,trees to ,live by ,kill+ ,h>mful       
,insects8 ,!       ,woodpeck]s help !   
trees 9 ?is way4 ,"n "s o!r birds t     
f9d food ^u ! trunks ( trees4  ,:at ,may
 we ,attempt to d to ,protect ,birds8   
,we may help birds to live by       giv+
 !m dr9k+ places & bird ba?s 9 ! ,summ]1
 & food       tables 9 ! ,w9t]4 ,we c   
help by n go+ ne> birds' ne/s       & by
 n h>m+ birds 9 any mann]4              
,,sugge/ions ,,to ,,tea*]s ,,& ,,pupils 
,,additional ,,/udy ,,topics   ,birds   
are to be f\nd 9 almo/ e corn] ( ! e>?4 
,_! /udy has a _w wide int]e/ & appeal4 
,! foll[+ li/ is int5d$ to s]ve z an aid
 9 br++ to m9d subjects t may be        
develop$ out-(-doors1 or /udi$ 9 ! class
 room4  ,vision ( ,birds3 ,! ke5 p[] (  
sight ( ,hawks & ,eagles2 ! ,owl's      
eye at night4  ,v>iation 9 ,/ructure (  

,bill3 ,adaptations ( ! %>p po9t$1 curv$
       beak ( ! fle%-eat+ ,hawks2 !     
small1 po9t$ bill ( !       insect-eat+ 
,w>bl]4  ,v>iation 9 ,/ructure ( ,feet3 
,! /rong grasp+ talons (                
fle%-eat]s2 ! p[]ful walk+ feet ( !     
,*ick52 !       p]*+ feet ( ! ,*ickadee1
  ,habits ( ,cleanl9ess 9 ,birds3       
,clean+ ne/s1 ba?+ 9 wat] &       du/4  
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,nature-,,/udy        
,,collection--,,! ,,bluejay ,,set       
,! specim5s are deliv]$ to ! s*ool 9 a  
wood5 c>ry+ case     ab\t ! size ( an   
ord9>y suitcase4 ,! birds are m\nt$ on  
individual p$e/als & c easily be remov$ 
f ! case4 ,?us     ! specim5s may be us$
 s+ly or collectively4 ,!y c be     h&l$
 & se5 f all sides4  ,! ,flight (       
,birds3 ,p[]ful1 su/a9$ flight ( !      
,condor2 d>t+       flight ( flycat*]s2 
susp5sion 9 air1 or hov]+ flight (      
! ,humm+bird & ,sp>r[ ,hawk4  ,migration
 ( ,birds3 ,travels f "o cont95t to     
ano!r1 (t5 ov]       wide expanse (     
wat]2 j\rney ( ! ,gold5 ,plov]4  ,tra9+ 

( ,"y ,birds by ,_! ,p>5ts3 ,"y ,b>n    
,swall[s =c$       into ! air2 ,rob9s   
(f]+ food to "y & ?us entic+ !m       to
 leave ! ne/4  ,! ,songs ( ,birds3 ,!   
,p>rots1 ,?ru%es1 ,sp>r[s4 ,songs ( male
 birds       dur+ bre$+ season1         
imitation & mimicry--,catbird2 w>n+     
cries1 call notes4  ,c>e & ,fe$+ ( ,"y3 
,diff]5t me?ods employ$ by p>5ts4 ,!    
,pelican1 ! ,rob91 ! ,swall[s1 !        
,flick]4  ,types ( ,ne/s3 ,con/ruction1 
mat]ials us$1 build+ location2 ne/ (    
,bank ,swall[1 hang+ ne/ ( ,baltimore   
,oriole1 ,cr['s ne/4  ,weapons (        
,fight+3 ,spurs1 w+s1 bills1 talons4    
,protective ,coloration3 ,simil>ity (   
plumage1 color & m>k+s to               
habitat4--! ,wood ,?ru%1 ! ,p>tridge4   
,bird ,h\ses3 ,diff]5t types1 h[ made1  
h[ plac$1 h[ us$4  ,bird ,cons]vation3  
,me?ods ( pres]vation 9 v>i\s /ates4    
,laws =       protection4  ,relation (  
,birds to ,agriculture3 ,insect eat]s1  
se$ eat]s1 rod5t       de/roy]s4  ,!    
,bird's ,fea!r3 ,fea!rs = /udy w be giv5

 to tea*]s ^u       reque/4  7,note74   
,^! are b a few ( ! subjects t might v  
well be consid]$4                       
,,outl9e ,,= ,,bird ,,/udy              
7,sugge/ions to ,tea*]s & ,pupils7   ,9 
obs]v+ birds out-(-doors or 9 ! class   
room1 ) an idea ( /udy+ or id5tify+ !m1 
!re are c]ta9 def9ite ?+s to "k & to    
rememb]4 ,! foll[+ outl9e makes "s      
sugge/ions ( :at to look = :5 a bird is 
se5 = ! fir/ "t1 or :5 y are /udy+ a    
m\nt$ specim5 or color$ picture4        
,movem5ts3 ,see :e!r ! fly] hops or     
walks :5 x is on ! gr\nd4       ,does x 
hang upside d[n1 move sl[ly or quickly1 
swim or creep8       ,rememb] t ! same  
bird may h a diff]5t appe>ance at       
v>i\s times4  ,disposition3 ,did y ev]  
?9k ( a bird 9 connection ) its hav+    
a disposition8 ,notice :e!r x is        
unsuspici\s1 w>y1 social1       solit>y1
 etc4  ,flight3 ,does ! bird t flies ov]
 y\r head travel rapidly or       sl[ly8
 ,does x flap along or does x sail &    
so>8 ,maybe x       undulates 7flies up 

& !n d[n 9 half-moon curves7 z !        
,goldf9* does4  ,song3 ,!re are _m times
 :5 y may he> a bird b n see x4 ,?us    
y %\ld li/5 = songs v c>efully4 ,notice 
:e!r !       song is cont9u\s1 %ort1    
l\d1 l[1 pleas+1 unattractive1 &        
:e!r x comes f ! gr\nd1 f a high] p]*1  
or f !       air4  ,call ,notes3 ,ne>ly 
all birds h a ,call ,note t is diff]5t f
 !       regul> song4 ,^! notes may be (
 v>i\s sorts su* z       scold+1 w>n+1  
al>m1 signall+1 z well z a numb] (      
o!rs4  ,size3 ,9 ! field1 y _c run up to
 a wild bird & measure x )       a rul]1
 b :at y c d is to comp>e x 9 size ) "s 
o!r bird t y d "k4 ,comp>e ! unkn[n bird
 ) an       ,engli% ,sp>r[ :i* is ab\t  
#f in*es long1 a ,rob9 ab\t #aj &       
a ,cr[ #ai in*es long4 ,rememb]1 #f1 #aj
 & #ai4  ,=m3 ,note ! %ape ( ! bill1    
l5g? ( ! tail1 %ape ( w+s4              
,illu/ration3 ,bird ) p>ts label$       
,illu/ration3 ,,birds ,,t ,,are ,,our   
,,fri5ds      ,"o ( ! new ,habitat ,gr\p
 circulat+ nature-/udy collections4     

,! label-hold]s are h+$ to ! back ( !   
case & close ov]     ! ends1 protect+ ! 
glass dur+ transportation4 ,! label at  
! left is g5]al & gives reasons :y birds
 are our fri5ds4     ,t on ! "r deals ) 
! habits & use ( ! specific     birds 9 
! case1 ea* be+ id5tifi$ by a simple    
draw+ in/ead     ( by title or numb]4   
,m>k+s & ,color3 ,see j :]e ! m>k+s are4
 ,rememb] t if a       bird 7 se5 )\t   
fea!rs1 x w\ld look q a bit l       any 
o!r animal4 ,! next "t y h a *ick5 aft] 
!       fea!rs h be5 remov$1 look at x  
closely4 ,! w+s look       l arms1 & z a
 matt] ( fact1 !y h ?ree f+]s1       :i*
 may be easily se54 ,! bird has a cr[n  
on its head2 he has       *eeks1 a      
brea/1 a ?roat1 a belly1 & a rump z well
 z o!r       ext]nal or outside p>ts4 ,d
 n say t y saw a bird t 0       black & 
:ite & br[n all ov]4 ,no "o c\ld tell y 
:at       sort ( a bird t 04 ,see--j :at
 y are look+ at4 ,z       ) ! ,m>k+s1 y 
%\ld "k some?+ ( ! p>ts ( a       bird  
be=e y are able to tell j :]e ! colors  

occur4 ,h[       _m colors are !re on ! 
"u side ( ! ,rob98  ,appe>ance3 ,! bird 
may be al]t1 wide awake or p5sive z ?\gh
 x       _h j lo/ a fri5d4 ,its tail may
 be droop$1 its cre/ erect$       or its
 fea!rs ruffl$4  ,haunts3 ,:]e did y see
 ! bird8 ,0 x ne> ! sea%ore1 beside !   
riv]1 9 ! woods1 ! fields1 a place :]e !
 l& 0 l[       & swampy or high & rocky1
 or 0 x d[n ne> ! side ( !       lake8  
,season3 ,! "t ( ye> t ! bird is se5 is 
a v important ?+       to notice & to   
take into consid]ation4 ,look = ! times 
:5       birds fir/ arrive & :5 !y      
leave4 ,did y see !m 9 !       w9t]1    
spr+1 summ]1 or fall8 ,are !y p]man5t   
resid5ts8  ,food3 ,:5 y walk$ ?r\gh !   
pa/ure or ?r\gh ! p>k & saw a       bird
 eat+ some?+1 did y /op & try to discov]
 :at t       food 08 ,0 ! bird eat+     
b]ries1 insects1 se$s8 ,h[ 0       ?is  
food secur$8  ,mat+3 ,e bird has c]ta9  
c\rt%ip habits4 ,note ^! antics4  ,ne/+3
 ,obs]ve ! *oice ( ne/+ site1 ! mat]ials
 us$ 9 !       ne/s1 su* z mud1 grass1  

leaves1 & s on4 ,notice !               
con/ruction1 ! numb] & ! color ( ! eggs2
 & !       incubation p]iod1 or ! l5g? (
 "t ! eggs take to hat*2       & above  
all ?+s1 d n 9 any way di/urb any bird's
 ne/4  ,! ,"y3 ,wat* & le>n :at food !  
"y ones are giv5 by !       p>5ts2 h[ !y
 are c>$ =2 ! "t !y rema9 9 ! ne/2      
_! cries1 actions1 fir/ flights1 & s on4
  ,h[ to ,f9d ,birds3    7a7--,:5--,!   
be/ times ( day are e>ly morn+ & late   
aft]noon4 ,:y is ?is true8              
7b7--,:]e--,a wat]$ mead[ ) trees "h &  
!re attract   birds4 ,le>n ?is f        
obs]vation4    7c7--,h[--,use common    
s5se z to dress & g5]al actions4 ,sit   
d[n   & let ! birds come to y4  ,bas$ on
 ,dr4 ,frank ,m4 ,*apman's ,a ,bird's   
,biography1 p4 #gc--;,bird ,life1       
publi%$ by ,d4 ,appleton  ,co41 ,new    
,york4                                  
,,! ,,bluebird   ,9 ?is locality "s ( ! 
,bluebirds are ) u all ! ye> ?r\gh4     
,h[ev]1 !y are n s (t5 se5 9 w9t] z 9   
w>m] summ] mon?s4 ,! ,/>l+s & ! ,engli% 

,sp>r[s h driv5 !m f _m =m] ne/+ sites4 
,food3 ,! ,bluebird eats _m insects1    
includ+ beetles1 gras%opp]s       &     
diff]5t k9ds ( cat]pill>s4 ,he also (t5 
fe$s ^u su*       fruits z c$> b]ries1  
wild *]ries & ^? ( o!r wild             
plants4  ,bill3 ,! bill ( ?is bird is   
mu* l t ( ! ,rob9 & !       ,?ru%es4 ,^!
 birds are v closely relat$4  ,feet3    
,be+ a typical p]*+ bird1 ! ,bluebird   
has v well       develop$ feet4 ,! h9d  
toe is l>g] ?an any ( ! front ones      
& is ( great value 9 grasp+ a twig or   
l>g] bran*4  ,ne/3 ,:5 ! ,bluebird has  
f\nd 8 mate1 ! pair beg9 _! se>*       =
 a home4 ,x may be 9 a holl[ tree1 f5ce 
po/1 or 9 a box       built by "s       
fri5dly h&4 ,)9 ! ne/+ hole a b$ (      
dri$ grass is made4 ,five or six pale   
blue eggs are laid & !n       ! new     
family is well on its way4  ,song3 ,!   
song ( ! ,bluebird1 :ile n v l5g?y1 is v
 s(t &       sweet4 ,x has a musical    
tone & is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful (       !
 e>ly ,spr+ bird voices4 ,! notes are   

some:at un/eady &       h a t5d]1       
pla9tive quality4  ,john ,burr\ghs has  
said ( ! ,bluebird3--    ,& yond]       
,bluebird1 ) ! e>? t+e on 8 brea/ & !   
sky   t+e on 8 back1 did he come d[n out
 ( heav5 on t bright ,m>*   morn+ :5 he 
told u s s(tly & pla9tively t1 if we    
pleas$1   ,spr+ _h come8  ,william      
,cull5 ,bryant has writt53--    ,:5     
bee*5 buds beg9 to swell1   ,& woods !  
,bluebird's w>ble "k1   ,! yell[        
violet's mode/ bell   ,peeps f la/ ye>'s
 leaves bel[4  ,& ,l[ell3--    ,%ift+ 8 
light load ( song1   ,f po/ to po/ along
 ! *e]less f5ce4      ,illu/ration3 ,!  
,bluebird--#g in*es                     
,,! ,,phoebe   ,t[>d ! end ( ,m>*1 !    
peaceful1 confid+ ,phoebe v5tures       
nor?w>d4 ,sometimes ice & sn[ greet !   
little bird1 b on he goes to take !     
wea!r z x comes4 ,! return j\rney to !  
f> s\? does n beg9 until ! fir/ fro/y   
nights ( ,septemb] tell ! /ory (        
approa*+ w9t]4  ,food3 ,at ! "t ( !     
,phoebe's arrival1 "s ( ! fir/ fly+     

insects are try+ _! w+s4 ,z ! ,phoebe is
 a flycat*]1 he       may be se51 d>t+ &
 :eel+ ab\t1 9 pursuit ( 8 food4        
,! snap ( 8 beak may be he>d z "s small 
creature is       ov]tak5 & swall[$4    
,beetles1 weevils1 flies1 gras%opp]s &  
o!r insects help to fe$ ?is bird4       
,bill3 ,! bill ( ! ,phoebe is admirably 
adapt$ to its fe$+ habits4       ,?is   
,quill is q broad & /rong4 ,^u ea* side 
are small       bri/les :i* help ! bird 
to fe$ :ile fly+4 ,h[ d ^!       bri/les
 help8  ,w+s & ,tail3 ,! ,phoebe is an  
exp]t 9 ! air4 ,8 w+s & tail       are  
comp>atively long & p[]ful4 ,comp>e !m )
 ^? (       ! ,wr54 ,:i* "o ( ! two is !
 be/ fli]8 ,:y8  ,song3 ,:ile re/+ &    
:ile wat*+ = insects1 ! ,phoebe (t5     
p]*es ^u ! end ( a bran* or f5ce po/ &  
s+s--pewit-phoebe-phoebe-phoebe4 ,at !  
same "t1 he moves       8 tail ) a      
sideway sweep1 9 a j]ky little way4 ,he 
is n       mu* ( a s+]1 b :5 ! s\nd1    
phoebe-phoebe comes to       u 9 ,m>* or
 e>ly ,april1 we "k t ,spr+ w soon be   

"h4  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ ( ! ,phoebe is well   
built ( mud1 moss & o!r       mat]ials4 
,x is sometimes l9$ ) wool & fea!rs4 ,! 
/ructure is plac$ on "s flat surface1   
su* z ^u a raft]       b5ea? a bridge or
 9 a b>n4 ,occasionally ! ne/ is built  
"u "s %elt]+ bank or cliff4 ,! eggs are 
usually :ite4  ,( ! ,phoebe1 ,l[ell has 
writt53    ,phoebe is all x has to say1 
,9 pla9tive cad5ce o'er & o'er   ,l     
*ildr5 t h lo/ _! way   ,& "k _! names1 
b no?+ m4      ,illu/ration3 ,! ,phoebe1
 a ,flycat*]--#g in*es                  
,,! ,,b>n ,,swall[   ,! ,b>n ,swall[s   
arrive 9 ! ,nor? t[>d ! end ( ,april &  
leave e>ly 9 ,septemb]4 ,!y are sociable
 birds & travel 9 huge flocks4  ,food3  
,insects1 caught ^u ! w+1 =m ! diet ( ^?
 ,swall[s4       ,!y d>t "h & !re1 ov]  
field & wat]1 cat*+ _!       prey 9     
swift1 graceful flight4  ,feet3 ,(t51 9 
! season ( migration1 ?\s&s ( ,swall[s  
p]*       ^u telephone wires1 sometimes 
9 su* l>ge numb]s t !       wires are   
brok54 ,_! small feet are well suit$ =  

?is1 b       n = walk+ ^u ! gr\nd4      
,tail3 ,! tail ( ! ,b>n ,swall[ is      
deeply =k$4 ,:5 p]*$1 ^!       long     
protrud+ out] tail fea!rs s]ve to       
di/+ui% ! ,b>n       ,swall[ f all o!r  
native ,swall[s4  ,song3 ,! g5tle twitt]
 ( ! ,b>n ,swall[ is a famili> s\nd ab\t
       _m a f>m :]e an old b>n or o!r   
outbuild+ may provide a       ne/+ site4
 ,x is a musical s\nd t *anges to a     
kit-tic--kit-tic :5 ! bird becomes      
excit$4  ,ne/3 ,! cup-%ap$ ne/ ( ! ,b>n 
,swall[ is made ( mud & is       l9$ )  
grass & fea!rs4 ,x is /uck to ! side ( a
 raft]       or beam or aga9/ ! inside (
 ! wea!r-bo>d+ ( an old       b>n :]e a 
brok5 w9d[ pane or o!r hole admits !    
bird f       ! out-(-doors4 ,! eggs are 
:ite1 speckl$ ) br[n &       lav5d]4    
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tree ,,swall[       
,tree ,swall[s ne/ bo? 9 holl[ trees & 9
 ne/+ boxes t     man has erect$ = _!   
use4 ,! upp] p>ts ( ?is bird are ( a    
blue-gre5 color :ile ! "u p>ts are ( a  
pure :ite4 ,:5     go+ to ! s\? !y      

collect 9 huge flocks &1 aft] hav+      
fl[n high into ! air1 !y beg9 _! j\rney 
9 ! daytime4 ,at     ,long ,bea*1 ,long 
,isl&1 ?\s&s ( !m h be5 obs]v$     fe$+ 
^u ! bayb]ry bu%es j be=e !y />t$ s\?4  
,illu/ration3 #a4 ,purple ,m>t9     ,%9+
 blue-black2 w+s & tail dull]     #b4   
,eave or ,cliff ,swall[     ,back & cr[n
 /eel blue1 =ehead cream :ite1 ?roat &  
sides (     ! head *e/nut1 brea/ br[ni% 
gray1 "u "p :iti%     #c4 ,s&bank       
,swall[     ,upp] p>ts & b& on brea/    
br[ni% gray1 ?roat & "u p>ts     :ite   
#d4 ,b>n ,swall[     ,"u p>ts d>k blue1 
=ehead1 ?roat & brea/ r$di% br[n     #e4
 ,tree ,swall[     ,upp] p>ts d>k blue  
or gre51 ?roat & "u p>ts :ite           
,,! ,,h\se ,,wr5   ,"s day1 late 9      
,april1 ! ,h\se ,wr5 w appe> to add to !
 gr[+ bird population4 ,n until ! middle
 ( ,augu/ or ! end ( ,septemb] w he     
dep>t4 ,he is ! mo/ common ( our ,wr5s4 
,food3 ,n9ety-eight p]c5t ( ! food ( ?is
 small bird is made up (       insects4 
,actions3 ,^! little birds are v        

re/less4 ,!y seem nev] to be       /ill4
 ,f dawn to d>k !y are bobb+1 hopp+1 &  
b[+       ab\t ) tireless en]gy4 ,! /iff
 tail1 con/antly j]k$1 is       usually 
9 an upright p]ky position1 & is a true 
m>k ( !       ,wr5's p]sonality4  ,song3
 ,! ,h\se ,wr5 is m not$ = ! quantity ( 
8 song ?an =       ! quality4 ,al?\gh   
p>ts ( 8 s++ are s(t & musical1         
!re are o!r times :5 scold+1 grat+ notes
 m> !       p]=mance4 ,con/antly s++1 ! 
,wr5 goes ab\t 8 "w4       ,ev5 :5 fly+ 
or p]*+ ) a worm 9 8 beak1 he w s+      
away z ?\gh ! ?\ghts ( m]e food 7 f>    
inde$ f 8       m9d4 ,! true song is a  
spontane\s & rollick+ outbur/1 &        
is sung ) real ab&on t fairly makes !   
small fea!r$       body tremble ) ! =ce 
( its ef=t4  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ ( ! ,h\se ,wr5
 is made )9 "s cavity1 ei!r             
natural or man-made4 ,if no holl[ tree  
is ab\t1 an eave sp\t       w d1 provid$
 t an ,engli% ,sp>r[ has n f\nd x fir/4 
,wr5s h ev5 be5 kn[n to build _! ne/s 9 
old %oes6 ,!       mat]ial us$ consi/s (

 grass & %ort twigs1 fea!rs & l         
mat]ial4 ,! eggs1 sometimes z _m z eight
 9 numb]1 are       ?ickly speckl$ )    
p9ki% br[n4  ,flight3 ,! flight ( ! ,wr5
 is v erratic4 ,x d>ts "h & !re       ) 
mu* spe$4 ,al?\gh n a v /rong fli]1 !   
bird       travels 9 _m places t l>g]   
birds c\ld nev] manage4                 
,illu/ration3 ,! ,h\se ,wr5--#d in*es   
,,! ,,*imney ,,swift   ,! ,*imney       
,swift1 :i* is 9 no way relat$ to !     
,swall[s1 is se5 9 ! ,nor? t[>d ! end ( 
,april or e>ly 9 ,may4 ,f ! la/ weeks ( 
,augu/ until late 9 ,septemb]1 s\?w>d   
b\nd flocks may be se51 & !n ! bird has 
left u until ,spr+ comes aga94  ,food3  
,! ,swifts fe$ entirely :ile fly+4 ,!y  
eat small fly+       insects ( _m k9ds1 
cat*+ !m *iefly 9 ! e>ly morn+       &  
late aft]noon4  ,feet3 ,seldom does !   
,swift alight ^u any flat-topp$ object4 
,its       *>act]i/ic p]*+ place is ^u  
"s r\gh-surfac$ tree or       *imney :]e
 ! small1 weak feet cl+ to ! wall & hold
 !       bird 9 an upright position4    

,tail3 ,! tail ( ! ,*imney ,swift is us$
 z a prop to aid ! bird 9       hold+   
fa/ to v]tical surfaces4 ,! fea!rs ( ?is
 fan-%ap$       prop are sp9e-tipp$4    
,w+s & ,body3 ,! body ( ! ,swift is cig>
 %ap$4 ,! w+s are       sl5d] ?\gh      
p[]ful & h long out] fea!rs t help him  
to fly = h\rs at a "t4  ,song3 ,!       
,*imney ,swift has no true song4 ,8 s++ 
ef=ts result 9       a *ip-*ip-*ip      
repeat$ ov] & ov] aga91 ) a             
twitt]-l rhy?m1 sometimes s\nd+         
*ippy-*ippy-*ippy-*ip4  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ (  
?is bird is an unusual /ructure made (  
twigs t       are glu$ toge!r ) its     
glut9\s saliva4 ,x =ms a %all[1         
sauc]-%ap$ plat=m 9 :i* ! small :ite    
eggs are laid4       ,be=e man-made     
*imneys (f]$ ne/+ sites1 ! ,swifts built
       9 holl[ trees4      ,illu/ration3
 ,*imney ,swift--#e in*es               
,,! ,,*ickadee   ,! fri5dly1 sometimes  
inquisitive ,*ickadees1 are ) u all     
?r\gh ! ye>4 ,ev] active1 !y fly "h &   
!re se>*+ = food1 & giv+ _! *e]ful      

calls4  ,bill3 ,! tweez]-l bill ( ?is   
little bird is v well adapt$ to       ! 
cat*+ & eat+ ( small insects & _! eggs4 
,habits3 ,! ,*ickadees are nev] /rang]s 
to "o :o walks )9 sight       or he>+ ( 
!m4 ,!y fly v ne> & h ev5 be5 kn[n to   
p]* ^u ! h& ( diff]5t bird wat*]s :o h  
suffici5tly ga9$ _! confid5ce4 ,! gray &
 black colors (       ^! small balls (  
fea!rs mat* ! tree trunks & bran*es     
^u :i* ! ,*ickadees climb & hang 9 se>* 
( food4  ,song3 ,! ,*ickadee tells 8 own
 "n :5 he s+s4 ,ella ,g4 ,ives has      
said3    ,i "k a little m9i/] :o has a  
big degree2   ,j l a long-tail$ kite1 he
 flies 8 ,d4 ,d4 ,d4 ,d4                
,*ickadee-dee-dee6 is ! music t comes f 
?is small gymna/   ( ! bran*es4         
,sometimes a ,phoebe call note is also  
giv54 ,x is   q simple to imitate ?is   
note by :i/l+4 ,if y d x correctly   !  
,*ickadee may answ]4  ,ne/3 ,an old1    
holl[ /ump or f5ce po/ is (t5 *os5 by ! 
,*ickadee = a home4 ,! ne/ )9 is built (
 moss1 plant       fib]s1 grasses1 &    

fea!rs4 ,f five to n9e eggs are laid4   
,!y are ( a :ite color spott$ ) a ruddy 
br[n4  ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son admir$ !   
,*ickadee :o brav$ ! w9t]'s cold1 &     
seem$ s happy 9 ! v colde/ ( wea!r4 ,he 
wrote ?is ab\t ! little bird3    ,?is   
scrap ( valor j = play   ,fronts ! nor? 
w9d 9 wai/coat gray1   ,z if to %ame my 
weak behavior4      ,illu/ration3 ,!    
,*ick-a-dee--#e in*es                   
,,! ,,:ite-,,brea/$ ,,nu?at*   ,!       
,nu?at* is "o ( ! tree trunk birds t1 9 
! w9t]time1 is a close fri5d ( !        
,*ickadees & ! ,d[ny ,woodpeck]s4 ,he is
 ) u all ! ye> ar\nd4 ,"s p h call$ him 
! ,upside d[n bird due to ! fact t he is
 able to run up & d[n ! trunks ( trees 9
 almo/ e conceivable position4  ,food3  
,! food ( ! ,nu?at* consi/s ( ! small   
insects t live       "u & ^u ! b>k (    
trees4 ,! small1 %>p po9t$ beak is      
well adapt$ to pry (f sections ( loose  
b>k t may h\se "s       eggs1 l>vae or  
pupae ( insects t are hidd5 = ! cold    
mon?s4  ,habits3 ,edi? ,m4 ,?omas has   

writt5 a little poem ab\t ! ,nu?at*4 ,x 
is a good description ( ! acrobatic p[]s
 ( ^! little gray       birds ( ! woods4
    ,%rewd little haunt] ( woods all    
gray1   ,:om ,i met on my walk ( a w9t] 
day--   ,y're busy inspect+ ea* cranny &
 hole   ,9 ! ragg$ b>k ( a hickory bole2
   ,y int5t on y\r task1 & ,i on ! law  
,( y\r wond]ful head & gymna/ic claw6   
,! ,woodpeck] may well despair ( ?is    
feat--   ,only ! fly ) y c compete6   ,s
 mu* is cle>2 b ,i fa9 w\ld "k   ,h[ y c
 s reckless & fe>less g1   ,head upw>d1 
head d[nw>d1 all "o to y1   ,z5i? &     
nadir1 ! same 9 y\r view4  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ 
( ! ,nu?at* is locat$ 9 a hole 9 a tree 
or /ump4       ,x is l9$ ) fea!rs1      
leaves & o!r simil> mat]ials4 ,!        
:ite eggs are ?ickly speckl$ ) a ruf\s &
 lav5d] color4       ,f five to eight   
eggs are laid4  ,song3 ,"s "o has       
describ$ ! song ( ?is bird z be+ l !    
laugh ( a v old man4 ,z ! ,nu?at* pauses
 f 8 "w to       inspect y1 he may      
sudd5ly decide t y are no long] wor?y   

( 8 att5tion4 ,) a h>% little yank-yank1
 he w !n       cont9ue 8 insect hunt+ & 
leave y to m>vel at 8       actions4    
,illu/ration3 ,! ,:ite-brea/$           
,nu?at*--#f in*es                       
,,! ,,song ,,sp>r[   ,! ,song ,sp>r[ is 
a memb] ( a v l>ge family4 ,8 ne>       
relations are f\nd 9 _m regions ( ! e>?4
 ,9 w9t]1 fall & spr+1 he is ) u to     
repres5t 8 k9d1 & a f9e repres5tative he
 is1 ) 8 good spirits & ev]-ready song4 
,field ,m>ks3 ,! r$-br[n l9e beh9d !    
,song ,sp>r['s eye1 comb9$       ) ! t9y
 spla% ( black & br[n :i* /reaks 8 brea/
       are two m>ks by :i* ! bird may be
 id5tifi$4 ,! l>g]       blot* ( color  
^u ! brea/ is 9 ! c5t] ( ! spla%4       
,song3 ,?is ,sp>r[ is a musician ( f9e  
ability4 ,! call note is b a            
metallic *ip4 ,! hom+ song is wor?y ( ! 
att5tion (       any "o :o likes to he> 
good music 9 ! out-(-doors4 ,!re is     
no "o song b r a comb9ation ( songs :i* 
are v>i$       f "t to "t4 ,! beg9n+ ( !
 song is usually ( ?ree       su/a9$    

introductory notes4 ,! foll[+ notes rise
 9 rapid       succession & are ( a pure
 musical quality4 ,! /ra9 is a          
*e]ful1 simple melody4  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ ( !
 ,song ,sp>r[ is built ei!r ^u ! gr\nd  
or 9       bu%es4 ,x is made ( co>se    
grasses1 rootlets1 dead leaves1         
/rips ( b>k & simil> mat]ials4 ,! eggs1 
f\r or five 9       numb]1 are ( a blui%
 :ite ) br[ni% m>k+s :i* are       (t5 s
 num]\s t !y conceal ! und]ly+ color4   
,food3 ,! diet ( ! ,song ,sp>r[ consi/s 
l>gely ( ! se$s (       h>mful we$s4 ,x 
also fe$s ^u insects su* z ants1        
beetles1       & weevils4 ,! beak ( ?is 
,sp>r[ is comp>atively l>ge &           
/rong4 ,x is well adapt$ to op5 l>ge se$
 pods 9 ord] to       rea* & eat ! k]nel
 )94  ,h5ry ,van ,dyke has writt5 a     
little poem ab\t ! ,song ,sp>r[4 ,! fir/
 /anza ( ! poem1 f ,build]s & ,o!r      
,poems is giv5 "h3    ,!re is a bird ,i 
"k s well1   ,x seems z if he mu/ h sung
   ,beside my crib :5 ,i 0 "y2   ,be=e  
,i knew ! way to spell     ,! "n ( ev5 !

 smalle/ bird1     ,8 g5tle1 joyful song
 ,i he>d4   ,n[ see if y c tell1 my de>1
   ,:at bird x is t e ye>1   ,s+s1      
,sweet-sweet-sweet1 v m]ry *e]4         
,illu/ration3 ,! ,song ,sp>r[--#f in*es 
,,scree* ,,owl   ,?is little p]man5t    
resid5t is q common 9 ! outly+ sections 
( ! cities4 ,he seems to c>e = ! society
 ( man4 ,v (t51 he is to be f\nd ne>    
human dwell+s r ?an f> out 9 ! woods4 ,j
 :y we %\ld call ?is bird ! ,scree* ,owl
 is some:at ( a my/]y4 ,! ,owl has a    
tremul\s1 quav]+ voice t 9 no way       
sugge/s a scree*4 ,p]haps x is t ! "n   
has come to u f ,europe4 ,at any ev5t1 x
 is n appropriate to our small ,owl4    
,food3 ,sometimes 9 walks out-(-doors we
 may come ^u small1 gray       color$   
pellets made ( hair & t9y bones4 ,v (t51
 ^!       h be5 eject$ by ! ,scree*     
,owl1 :o is able to dige/ !       fle% (
 8 prey b n ! skeleton & ! out] cov]+4  
,?is b5eficial night fli] fe$s ^u mice &
 o!r creatures4       ,8 %>p1 hook$ beak
 is adapt$ to te>+ food & 8 r       long

 & po9t$ little talons are ( great use 9
 grasp+ x4  ,color3 ,!re are two color  
phases ( ! ,scree* ,owl4 ,"o is a       
mixture       ( mottl$ r$di% br[n1 & !  
o!r a br[ni% gray %ade       t+$ )      
black4 ,^! two phases h no?+ to d ei!r )
       sex1 age1 or season4  ,e>s3 ,!   
two small tufts1 "o on ei!r side ( !    
head1 are n       e>s at all4 ,!y are   
m]ely fea!rs4 ,!y may well s]ve to      
di/+ui% ?is bird f ! ,acadian or        
,saw-:et ,owl :i* is       n at all     
common4  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ ( ! ,scree* ,owl  
is (t5 plac$ 9 a hole 9 a holl[         
tree4 ,! pure :ite eggs1 "s five or six 
9 numb]1 are laid 9       ,april4    ,:5
 night "t comes1 ! ,:ip-poor-w s+s1   ,!
 ,owl sails (f on noiseless w+s   ,to   
se>* = mice & o!r ?+s2   ,& ,i g home to
 b$4      ,illu/ration3 ,scree* ,owl    
,,! ,,k+lets   ,!re are two v>ieties (  
,k+lets 9 ?is section ( ! c\ntry1 !     
,gold5-cr[n$ & ! ,ruby-cr[n$4 ,bo?      
memb]s ( ! family are beautiful little  
birds t visit u 9 autumn & dep>t 9 !    

spr+4 ,!y are n ) u dur+ ! w>m] mon?s4  
,9 ! colde/ "t ( ! ye> ^! little1       
re/less w&]]s among ! trees may be se5 &
 he>d4 ,except = ! ,humm+-bird & ! ,w9t]
 ,wr51 ! ,k+lets are ! smalle/ birds t  
we h4                           ,!      
,ruby-,cr[n$ ,k+let  ,! male bird may be
 id5tifi$ by ! p>tly conceal$ t9y cre/ (
 r$ :i* ! bird (t5 raises4              
,! ,gold5-,cr[n$ ,k+let  ,a cre/ ( gold 
m>ks ?is c\s9 ( ! ,ruby-cr[n$4 ,(t5 no  
color is visible ^u ! head except !     
uni=m olive or gre5i% t+e4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! 
bird is excit$1 ! cre/ is rais$ & x is  
!n t ! color ( ! cr[n may be v well se54
  ,habits3 ,! ,k+lets are fri5dly birds 
t (t5 come v ne>4 ,!y       seem to be  
mu* m tame ?an ! w>bl]s4  ,food3 ,a     
con/ant se>* = t9y insects occupies ! "t
 ( !       ,k+lets4  ,song3 ,!          
,ruby-cr[n is ! sup]ior s+] ( ! two4 ,8 
song       consi/s ( a l\d1 cle> w>ble1 
int]rupt$ "h & !re )       a wr5-l      
*att]4 ,! ,gold5-cr[n's song may be     
express$ z       tzze1 tzze1 tzze1 tzze1

 ti1 ti1 tir1 t-t-t-4 ,! call note is an
       extremely high-pit*$ ti-ti4      
,ne/3 ,! r\ndi% ne/s ( ! ,k+lets are    
made ( moss1 ?9 /rips       ( inn] b>k1 
fea!rs & o!r l mat]ials4 ,^! ne/s are   
made 9 ev]gre5 trees & are sometimes    
plac$ z high z sixty       feet above ! 
gr\nd4      ,illu/ration3 ,ruby-cr[n$   
,k+let--#d in*es                        
,,rob9   ,our native ,rob9 is n closely 
relat$ to ! bird t ! ,engli% call ,rob9 
,r$brea/4 ,he is r a relative ( !       
,bluebird & ! ,?ru%4 ,be=e ! "y ( !     
,rob9 leave ! ne/1 _! brea/s are speckl$
 z are ! brea/s ( ! ,?ru%es4 ,aft] !    
fir/ m\lt1 ?is m>k+ disappe>s4 ,"s ( !  
,rob9s are ) u all ?r\gh ! ye>4 ,h[ev]1 
only ! h>die/ ( !m /ay dur+ ! ,w9t]4 ,! 
majority travel to ! w>m] climates4 ,^? 
:o come to u f ! ,s\? arrive ab\t ! fir/
 ( ,m>* & dep>t t[>d ! end ( ,octob]4   
,song3   ,9 ! sun%9e & ! ra9   ,i he> ! 
rob9 9 ! lane   ,s++4 ',*e]ily1   ,*e]  
up1 *e] up2   ,*e]ily1 ,*e]ily1 ,*e]ily1
 ,*e] up'4  ,a writ] 9 ,a ,masque (     

,poets has describ$ ! *e] 9 ! ,rob9's   
song v well4 ,rob9 music has real melody
 & expression4 ,inde$1 !re are v few (  
our birds t h :at might be call$ z great
 a vocabul>y1 or z _m expressive notes1 
z has ?is famili> bird4  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ ( 
! ,rob9 is built ( grasses1 rootlets &  
leaves4       ,! int]ior is well l9$ or 
pla/]$ ) a lay] ( mud4       ,ano!r lay]
 ( f9e grass =ms ! b$ ^u :i* ! gre5i%   
blue eggs are laid4 ,^! eggs are f ?ree 
to five 9 numb]4       ,rob9s (t5 raise 
two families ea* ye>4 ,! "y ( ! fir/    
brood leave ! ne/ t[>d ! fir/ ( ,july4  
,food3 ,9 ,june & ,july1 ,rob9s fe$ to  
"s ext5t ^u b]ries &       simil>       
fruits4 ,h[ev]1 :at little h>m !y may d 
9 ?is way       is va/ly (fset by ! good
 t is done dur+ ! re/ ( !       ye>4 ,! 
,rob9s are glean]s ( insects4 ,!y eat   
great       quantities ( beetles & _!   
grubs1 gras%opp]s1 crickets1       ants 
& o!r plant pe/s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ comical   
sights ( bird       fe$+ is to see a    
l>ge1 r\nd1 heal?y ,rob9 /ruggle to pull

 a       resi/+1 equally heal?y1 e>?worm
 f its hole 9 ! gr\nd4       ,(t51 !    
worm breaks 9 two & ! ,rob91 sudd5ly &  
mo/       unexpect$ly1 tumbles ov]      
backw>d4 ,! ,rob9 seems to ,li/5       =
 ! worm z he walks & hops ov] ! lawn 9 !
 e>ly       morn+4      ,illu/ration3   
,song3 ,! song ( ! ,rob9 9 e>ly ,spr+   
tells u     t w>m wea!r is n f> (f4 ,we 
look = 8 brick r$ brea/     & wat* him z
 he fe$s ab\t our lawns & g>d5s4        
,illu/ration3 ,! ,rob9--#aj in*es       
,,! ,,r$-,,w+$ ,,blackbird   ,e>ly 9    
,m>*1 ! male ,r$w+ arrives4 ,x is n     
until two or ?ree weeks lat] t ! female 
comes f ! s\? to jo9 8 company & to sail
 ab\t ov] ! cat-tails ( ! m>%4 ,:5      
,augu/ has gone by1 ! adult ,blackbirds 
are seldom se54 ,x is 9 ,july t ! "y &  
old birds congregate 9 l>ge flocks to   
prep>e !mselves = ! j\rney s\?w>d4      
,r$-w+$ ,blackbirds f f>!r nor? may be  
se5 z late z ,octob]4  ,m>k+s3 ,! male  
,r$-w+$ ,blackbird is ( a faultless     
glossy black       ) %\ld] pat*es1 or   

epaulets1 ( a bright sc>let1 edg$       
) gold4 ,8 mate is ( a m sob]           
appe>ance--/reak$ )       mode/ br[n4   
,song3 ,h5ry ,d4 ,?oreau describ$ !     
,r$-w+$ ,blackbird's song               
z--,*onk-a-ree4 ,^! free1 truly bubbl+  
notes are giv5       aga9 & aga9 z !    
birds g ab\t _! ev]yday tasks 9 !       
,spr+4 ,! arrival ( ! females1 h[ev]1 is
 p]haps ! signal       = ! greate/ s++  
ef=t on ! "p ( ! males4 ,x is at        
?is "t1 especially1 t ! m>%l& is fairly 
alive ) !       ri* re$-l song t        
repeats--,conk-a-ree--,conk-a-ree--,conk
-a-ree6  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ ( ?is bird is wov5
 ( grasses1 we$-/alks &       rootlets4 
,sometimes x is built 9 a fri5dly1      
compact mass (       cat-tail1 & o!r    
ne/s may be se5 9 l[ bu%es or tussocks4 
,^! ,r$w+s d n welcome visitors to _!   
ne/+ sites4       ,!y raise v /r5u\s    
objections1 &1 9 _! attempt to          
drive away ! intrud]1 bird1 bea/ or man1
 !y w fly v       ne>1 scold+ 9 h>%     
tones ! mean:ile4  ,eggs3 ,! eggs ( !   

,r$-w+$ ,blackbirds are truly unusual 9 
_!       m>k+s4 ,!y are ( a pale blue   
gr\nd1 or base color1 & are       (t5   
scrawl$ ov] ) a d>k purple or black4 ,!y
 appe> to       h be5 /epp$ ^u by a bird
 t has fir/ dipp$ its toes 9       a    
bottle ( ink4 ,^! eggs are f ?ree to    
five 9 numb]4      ,illu/ration3 ,!     
,r$-w+$ ,blackbird--#i in*es            
,,baltimore ,,oriole     ,h[ comes x1   
,oriole1 ?\ ha/ come to fly   ,9 tropic 
spl5dor ?r\gh our nor!rn sky8  ,edg>    
,fawcett asks ?is "q 9 8 poem4 ,:o is   
!re t may answ] him8 ,! ,baltimore      
,oriole comes to u 9 e>ly ,may & /ays   
until ab\t ! fir/ ( ,septemb]4 ,?is     
bird1 sometimes call$ ! ,gold5 ,rob91 is
 a namesake ( ,george ,calv]t1 or ,"l   
,baltimore1 :o 0 ! fir/ proprietor (    
,m>yl&4 ,inde$1 he does seem gold5 z he 
fla%es ab\t among gre5 leaves4 ,h[ev]1  
he is a relation ( ! blackbirds1 r ?an (
 ! rob9s4  ,colors3 ,! brilliant orange 
& black fea!rs ( ! ,oriole are !        
m>ks by :i* ! bird may be id5tifi$4 ,!  

head1 %\ld]s &       neck1 & ! upp]     
section ( ! back are ( a gleam+ black4  
,! brea/ is ( a bright orange1 sometimes
 almo/ gold5 9 its       color4  ,song3 
,a l\d1 sometimes bold1 :i/le f ! top ( 
a sweep+ elm       tree (t5 ann\nces !  
pres5ce ( ! ,baltimore ,oriole4 ,he is a
       f9e song/] ( consid]able ability4
 ,8 song is *>act]iz$       by a ri*ness
 t gives a truly musical quality to 8   
ef=ts4  ,! same poet asks fur!r3    ,at 
"s glad mom5t 0 x ,nature's *oice & *>m 
,to d[] a scrap ( sunset ) a voice8     
,ne/3 ,! beautiful hang+ ne/ ( !        
,baltimore ,oriole is (t5       susp5d$ 
f ! end ( ! bran* ( "s %ade tree1 :]e x 
sways ) e pass+ breeze4 ,x is compos$ ( 
hair1 /r+s1       grasses1 b>k l9+ & o!r
 simil> mat]ials all closely            
int]wov5 ) ! greate/ ( skill4 ,! eggs1  
f\r to six 9       numb]1 are ( a :ite  
color m>k$ ) wavy blacki% l9es &        
spots4 ,?is bird has be5 kn[n to make v 
good use ( y>n1       /r+1 & ev5 /rips (
 clo?1 plac$ :]e !y might easily        

be f\nd & wov5 into ! ne/4 ,"s ne/s     
built almo/ entirely       ( /r+ h be5  
f\nd4      ,illu/ration3 ,! ,baltimore  
,oriole--#g in*es                       
,,*ipp+ ,,sp>r[   ,! sociable p]sonality
 ( ! ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[ enables ! bird /ud5t 
to make 8 close acqua9tance4 ,he is a   
little bird ( mode/ habits1 :o %[s 8    
tru/ 9 ! human race by liv+ v ne> to !  
homes ( man4 ,9 e>ly ,april ,*ippy      
arrives4 ,he leaves = ! ,s\? ab\t ! fir/
 ( ,novemb]4  ,song3                    
,*ippy--,*ippy--,*ippy is all ?is small 
,sp>r[ has to say4       ,c]ta9ly1 ?is  
is n an especially attractive song1 &   
yet x       is v mu* 9 keep+ ) !        
unassum+ disposition ( !       bird4 ,x 
c\ld sc>cely be call$ a song4 ,x is an  
extremely high       pit*$ note ) v     
little musical quality4 ,nev]!less1     
some:at monoton\s ?\gh ! songs may be1  
!y seem to h a       peculi>ly fri5dly  
air1 t1 at times1 is v welcome4  ,food3 
,injuri\s insects are eat5 9 l>ge       
quantities by ! ,*ipp+       ,sp>r[s4   

,beetles1 gras%opp]s & o!r simil>       
insects are !       prey ( ?is bird4 ,_m
 diff]5t types ( se$s con/itute !       
re/ ( ! diet4 ,*ippy w readily accept   
human hospitality       :5ev] crumbs are
 scatt]$1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t !         
,engli% ,sp>r[ does n arrive at ! fe$+  
/ation fir/4  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ ( ! ,*ipp+   
,sp>r[ is built 9 bu%es1 %rubs1         
trees1 or 9 ! old v9es t gr[ ab\t c\ntry
 h\ses4 ,!       ne/ is l9$ ) long      
hairs4 ,"o (t5 wond]s :]e ! bird        
f9ds s _m ( !m4 ,grass & f9e twigs are  
us$ = ! ma9       con/ruction ( ! home4 
,rem>ks3 ,! little *e/nut cap ( ! ,*ipp+
 ,sp>r[ is p]haps 8       mo/ noticeable
 m>k+4 ,by ?is1 & by 8 small size1 he   
may be       readily id5tifi$4 ,he is   
sometimes call$ ! ,lea/ ,sp>r[4       ,l
 "s o!r memb]s ( ! ,sp>r[ family1 he    
sometimes awakes       9 ! middle ( !   
night & bur/s into song4                
,illu/ration3 ,! ,*ipp+ ,sp>r[ or       
,*ippy--#e in*es                        
,,! ,,mead[l>k   ,?is bird ( ! fields   

may be se5 dur+ e mon? ( ! ye>4 ,aft]   
walk+ among ! grasses1 x may sudd5ly fly
 up & may be id5tifi$ by ! conspicu\s   
:ite out] tail fea!rs :i* fla% 9 !      
sunlight4  ,field ,m>ks3 ,! black       
cresc5t ^u ! yell[ brea/ ( ! ,mead[l>k  
is a f9e field m>k4 ,9 ! e>ly morn+1 :5 
a ris+ sun       %9es ^u ! op5 mead[s1  
?is bright yell[ pat* seems to       be1
 9 itself1 a reflect$ spot ( gold5      
light4 ,9 w9t]1 a       br[ni% tone1 m l
 ! dri$ swamp grasses1 cov]s !          
plumage4  ,food3 ,insects =m ! major    
portion ( food = ?is gu>dian ( !        
hay fields4 ,s[-bugs1 weevils1          
gras%opp]s1 ticks1 plant-lice &         
o!r enemies ( ! f>m] all fall prey to ! 
po9t$1       se>*+ beak4  ,ne/3 ,!      
beautiful little ne/1 sometimes ar*$    
ov]1 is built ( dry       grass4 ,x lies
 hidd5 ^u ! gr\nd1 (t5 defy+ ! ke5e/    
( eyes ( hawk & man alike4 ,! eggs are  
:ite1 speckl$ ) a       r$di% br[n      
color4 ,!y may numb] f f\r to six4      
,song3 ,! music ( ?is gr\nd bird is     

some:at sad4 ,a slurr$ :i/le1       ris+
 f ! grass 9 spr+ & e>ly summ]1 tells ( 
!       hid+ place ( ! ,mead[l>k1 s++ 9 
a pla9tive m9or key4       ,sometimes   
?is song comes f ! air4 ,its cle> notes 
may be       he>d all ?r\gh ! ye>4      
,spr+ o' ! ,ye>   ,! ,mead[l>k's song is
 ,spr+ o' ! ye>1           ,z he flies  
o'er fields ( hay2   ,he s+s ( 8 toil & 
n ( ! *e]           ,t lies 9 a l& f>   
away4  ,rem>ks3 ,! protective coloration
 ( ! ,mead[l>k is ( great help to       
! bird4 ,! s(t br[n & gr\nd colors aid x
 9 escap+ su*       enemies z ,hawks &  
o!r prey+ creatures4 ,to a so>+ bird (  
prey1 ! ,mead[l>k mu/ seem to be only a 
section ( ! gr\nd       ^u :i* x walks4 
,illu/ration3 ,! ,mead[l>k--#aj in*es   
,,! ,,blue ,,jay   ,! ,blue ,jay is     
closely relat$ to ! ,cr[4 ,he %[s ?is   
relation%ip 9 a numb] ( ways4 ,he is v  
intellig5t1 has a ke5 s5se ( humor & is 
an obs]v] ( birds & m54 ,all ! ye> long 
he makes himself kn[n to u by 8 /rik+   
plumage1 l\d voice1 & active body4 ,dur+

 ! ne/+ season1 h[ev]1 he is            
comp>atively quiet & we see little (    
him4  ,food3 ,dur+ eight or n9e mon?s ( 
! ye> ! ,blue ,jay e>ns an       hone/  
liv+4 ,he eats _m h>mful insects1 frogs1
 snails1 &       ev5 small fi% & mice4  
,9 ! bre$+ season1 h[ev]1 ! ,jay        
sometimes turns robb] & has be5 kn[n to 
/eal ! "y (       o!r birds4 ,nev]!less 
! ,jay is a likable creature1 &         
probably be=e human be+s came to di/urb 
him he 0 n q       s mu* ( a nuisance to
 o!r birds z he is n[4  ,song3 ,! cle>ly
 :i/l$ note ( ?is bird proclaims ! "n   
,jay6--,jay6--,jay6 9 l\d1 h>%1 r++     
notes4 ,sometimes !       song is q     
pleas+ ) a bell-l quality4 ,"s ?9k t    
:5 ! ,jay calls he says ,?ief6 ,?ief6   
,?ief6  ,ne/3 ,! ,blue ,jay (t5         
con/ructs 8 ne/ 9 a conv5i5t crot* ( a  
tree4 ,x is built ( twigs q /rongly     
int]wov54 ,! l9+       is ( leaflets4 ,!
 inside ( ! ne/ is n by any means s(t4  
,! pale olive br[n or gre5 eggs spr9kl$ 
) br[ni% are       f f\r to six 9 numb]4

  ,rem>ks3 ,x is 9 ! w9t] "t t we really
 "k ! ,jay 9 motion4       ,:5 ! sn[ is 
on ! gr\nd & ! woods & fields are quiet 
x seems a f9e ?+ to see da%+ ?r\gh !    
bran*es1 call+       aga9 & aga91 a     
bright blui% bird :o gives an entirely  
diff]5t atmosph]e to ! outdoors4 ,be+   
some?+ ( a mimic1       he sometimes    
takes delight 9 imitat+ ! songs ( su*   
birds z       ! ,r$-%\ld]$ ,hawk & o!r  
songs t h a simil> r+4       ,he has be5
 call$ a reprobate1 b1 despite 8 bad    
habits1 :o       is !re t does n        
appreciate 8 vivacity & ev]-active      
p]sonality8      ,illu/ration3 ,!       
,bluejay--#aa in*es                     
,,d[ny ,,woodpeck]   ,?is little memb] (
 ! ,woodpeck] family is a p]man5t       
resid5t ) u4 ,all ! ye> ?r\gh he is to  
be se5 busily engag$ 9 8 life "w1 :i* is
 a con/ant se>* = food4 ,! ,d[ny        
,woodpeck] may be di/+ui%$ f ! ,hairy   
,woodpeck] ma9ly by its small] size & by
 its out] tail fea!rs :i* are b>r$ )    
black4  ,food3 ,! food ( ne>ly all      

,woodpeck]s consi/s ( insect mat]ial    
t is f\nd on or )9 ! b>k ( trees4 ,?us  
:5 ! ,d[ny       ,woodpeck] is se>*+ =  
food1 he may be se5 ^u ! tree           
trunks or ev5 hang+ b5ea? bran*es peck+ 
away1 excavat+       & digg+4 ,to "n !  
injuri\s insects t =m ?is               
,woodpeck]'s diet w\ld take a long li/4 
,e /roke ) :i*       he knocks at ! door
 ( an insect's retreat s\nds ! crack (  
doom4 ,he pi]ces ! b>k ) 8 beak1 !n ) 8 
b>b$       tongue drags =? an insect1 & 
moves on to tap a la/ summons       on !
 door ( ! next 9 l9e4  ,ne/3 ,! ,d[ny   
,woodpeck] makes 8 own home4 ,he uses 8 
beak = a       *isel & = a pick1 & digs 
away at "s holl[ tree /ump       mak+ a 
neat little r\nd hole t leads to a      
cavity :]e9 !       :ite eggs are laid4 
,by way ( a b$ = ^! eggs ! ,woodpeck]   
uses a few s(t *ips4 ,^! same holes are 
(t5 us$ ! next       season by "s little
 ,*ickadee :o is only too glad to take  
advantage ( 8 opportunity4  ,song3 ,9   
addition to tapp+ or drumm+ ^u a holl[  

/ump1 ?us       mak+ a noise l a t9y    
drumm]1 ! ,d[ny ,woodpeck] also has     
a sort ( song4 ,! notes are r bus9ess-l 
& come       ?r\gh ! woods              
indu/ri\sly1--9 rapid                   
succession--peek-peek-peek6 ,sometimes1 
especially :5       int]rupt$1 ! notes  
may s\nd l *9k-*9k-*9k6  ,rem>ks3 ,9 !  
w9t] "t ! ,d[ny ,woodpeck] leads a r    
solit>y       life fly+ ab\t 9 ! woods1 
se>*+ "h & !re1 call+       n[ & !n1 &  
pati5tly wait+ = ! return ( ,spr+4 ,9   
! ,spr+1 h[ev]1 :5 ! mat+ season comes  
aga91 ! ,d[ny       takes a new int]e/ 9
 life1 becomes m active & g5]ally       
%[s himself to be v well aw>e ( ! fact t
 soon he mu/       expect to "w ^u 8 new
 home4 ,x is at ?is "t t ! call         
note peek-peek-peek6 comes m %>ply ?an  
ev]4      ,illu/ration3 ,d[ny           
,woodpeck]--#f in*es                    
,,! ,,/>l+   ,l ! ,engli% ,sp>r[1 !     
,common ,/>l+ has become a ,naturaliz$  
,am]ican ,citiz54 ,he 0 introduc$ f     
,europe 9 #ahij1 :5 sixty ( 8 k9d 7     

releas$ 9 ,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york      
,city4 ,he is a v p]man5t resid5t :]ev] 
he has spread1 &1 because ( ! fact t he 
(t5 ou/s local or native birds1 he is   
some:at objectionable4  ,song3 ,! song (
 ! ,/>l+ has _m attractive notes4 ,!    
:i/les       are especially appreciat$  
by city dwell]s :o seldom he> !         
songs ( m gift$ birds4 ,an indescribable
 jumble ( notes       *>act]izes !      
rema9d] ( ! ,/>l+'s musical ef=ts4      
,william ,h4 ,hudson has writt5 a v good
 description ( ?is       bird's song--,8
 m]it lies less 9 ! quality ( ! s\nds he
       utt]s ?an 9 _! endless v>iety4 ,9
 a leisurely way he w       sometimes   
ramble on = an h\r1 :i/l+ & w>bl+ v     
agreeably1 m+l+ 8 f9] notes ) *att]+s1  
squeal+s       & s\nds z ( snapp+ !     
f+]s4  ,ne/3 ,! ,/>l+ w build 9 crevices
 ( build+s1 9 holl[ trees       or 9    
bird h\ses erect$ = ! use ( o!r birds4  
,! ne/+       mat]ial consi/s ( grasses1
 /raw1 twigs & o!r available            
mat]ial4 ,! eggs1 f\r to six 9 numb]1   

are ( a pale blui%       color4  ,food3 
,! ,/>l+ eats a great numb] ( insects4  
,cultivat$ *]ries1       un=tunately1   
also1 are v well lik$ by ! bird :o fe$s 
^u !m q (t5 dur+ ! bre$+ season4        
,rem>ks3 ,! plumage ( ! male ,/>l+ is q 
beautiful4 ,x is (       an irridesc5t1 
metallic color 9 ! spr+ & summ]4 ,9 !   
w9t]1 a br[ni% gray obscures ! m        
brilliant colors4 ,!       bill ( ! bird
 is yell[ 9 summ]1 b d>k horn-color 9   
w9t]4      ,illu/ration3 ,/>l+--#h in*es
                                        
,,junco   ,! slate-color$ ,junco comes  
d[n f ! ,nor? to sp5d ! w9t] 9 a m      
mod]ate climate4 ,he may be fir/ se5    
t[>d ! la/ ( ,septemb]4 ,! dep>ture = ! 
,nor? is made ab\t ! fir/ ( ,may4 ,!y   
are c]ta9ly welcome visitors1 com+ z !y 
d :5 mo/ ( our small] birds h gone on   
fur!r ,s\?4 ,9 small flocks1 ^! plump   
little birds hop & fly1 "h & !re1 ov] ! 
sn[1 se>*+ = we$ se$s & o!r food4       
,song3 ,! notes t are m frequ5tly he>d  
are %>p little       tsips giv5 r z a   

call note ?an z a song4 ,! true         
music or regul> song ( ! ,junco is a    
decid$ly musical trill4                 
,sometimes1 :5 di/urb$1 ! birds w utt] a
 %ort smack6       & fly to "s o!r place
 :]e !y may be un9t]rupt$ 9       _!    
hunt+4  ,m>k+s3 ,! ,junco is a v trim   
little bird1 ) a some:at /yli%          
appe>ance4 ,he is q plump & has a cov]+ 
( neat slate       color above & ^u !   
?roat 9 a bib =mation4 ,! belly is      
:ite4 ,two v conspicu\s :ite out] tail  
fea!rs are ! mo/       /rik+            
id5tification m>ks4  ,bill3 ,?is bird is
 a memb] ( ! ,sp>r[ family4 ,he has a   
?ick1       po9t$ little bill t is (    
great s]vice 9 cru%+ se$s4       ,:5 !  
sun %9es directly ?r\gh ?is bill1 a     
fle%-color$       p9k is %[n4  ,ne/3 ,! 
,junco ne/s f nor!rn ,new ,york & ,new  
,engl&1 nor?w>d4       ,! ne/ is made ( 
f9e rootlets1 grasses1 & moss1 int]wov5 
& built ^u ! gr\nd or j above 9 small   
bu%es1 & l9$       ) hairs4  ,rem>ks3 ,!
 sociability ( ! ,junco is ma9ly        

responsible = 8       travel+ 9 small   
flocks dur+ ! w9t] "t4 ,crumbs &        
simil> foods are greatly welcom$ by ?is 
bird1 :o w (t5       come q ne> to human
 homes if suffici5tly invit$4 ,! fla%   
( :ite & gray is a welcome sight z a    
small b& ( ^!       birds comes fly+    
into ! g>d5 :5 ! cl\ds above are heavy  
& gray ) oncom+ sn[4 ,x is at ?is "t t  
we mo/       appreciate _! company4     
,illu/ration3 ,! ,junco--#f in*es       
,,! ,,engli% ,,sp>r[   ,! ,engli% ,sp>r[
 is mo/ (t5 ref]r$ to z a pe/4 ,x is a  
p]man5t resid5t 9 m s5ses ?an "o4 ,x 0 9
 #ahea & #aheb at ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1
 t ! small bird 0 fir/ introduc$4 ,dur+ 
! fir/ #bj ye>s or s x 0 mo/ly conf9$ to
 ! l>g] cities 9 ! ea/4 ,h[ev]1 due to !
 bird's rapid increase x has spread     
?r\gh\t e ,/ate 9 ! ,union & has prov$  
itself to be truly a great nuisance4    
,native birds h be5 driv5 f _! homes & h
 be5 robb$ ( mu* ( _! food & _m ( _!    
ne/+ sites4  ,song3 ,! ,engli% ,sp>r[   
has no true song1 b r is cont5t to      

call ,*irp--,*irp--,*irp--,*irp6 ov] &  
ov] aga94 ,sometimes1       9 ! l>g]    
cities su* z ,new ,york1 f> f ! p>ks :]e
 no       o!r birds w\ld probably be1 ! 
h>dy little ,sp>r[ is       welcom$ by !
 *ildr5 to :om1 )\t him1 bird life w\ld 
be       entirely a clos$ book4 ,?us x  
is t ! *irp-*irp-*irp6       is n       
unwelcome ev]y:]e4  ,ne/3 ,dr4 ,frank   
,m4 ,*apman has said t ! ,engli% ,sp>r[ 
builds its       ne/ ( any available    
mat]ial1 9 any available place4 ,beh9d  
w9d[ %utt]s1 9 upturn$ eave sp\ts &     
gutt]s1 b5ea?       ro(s1 9 holes 9     
trees & 9 almo/ e conceivable place1    
?is bird makes its home4 ,! eggs1 f\r to
 sev5 9 numb]1 v>y       greatly 9      
coloration4 ,sometimes !y are pla9 :ite1
 sometimes       almo/ completely color$
 ) olive br[n4 ,!y are (t5 m>k$       ) 
olive4  ,rem>ks3 ,ev5 ?\gh ?is little   
bird is truly a pe/ x seems a %ame      
to criticize him 9 too h>% t]ms4 ,aft]  
all1 x is n 8       fault t he 0 br\ght 
to a c\ntry ^: climate & g5]al          

liv+ conditions prov$ to be exactly :at 
he want$4 ,he has       ?riv$ because 8 
adopt$ habitat has prov$ to be ideal4   
,let u       n confuse ?is bird 9 any   
way ) our truly native sp>r[s       ^:  
habits are s entirely diff]5t f ?is     
little ,engli%       ,coloni/4 ,! names 
( "s ( our ,nor? ,am]ican birds ( !     
same family are ! field sp>r[1 ! song   
sp>r[1 ! vesp]       sp>r[ & _m o!rs ^: 
lives1 un=tunately1 are n ne>ly       s 
well kn[n4      ,illu/ration3 ,! ,engli%
 ,sp>r[                                 
,,sc>let ,,tanag]   ,! ,tanag]s d n w9t]
 nor? ( ! ,mexican bord]4 ,9 ! summ] !re
 are f\r species t occur 9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 only two ( :i* inhabit ?is      
section ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,sc>let ,tanag]  
is "o ( ! mo/ common ( ^!4 ,he arrives  
e>ly 9 ,may & dep>ts e>ly 9 ,octob]4 ,^!
 beautiful birds are n (t5 se5 unless we
 look up into ! trees4 ,! male bird1 ) 8
 truly />tl+ colors1 is a sight to      
rememb]4 ,! w+s & tail are a jet black &
 ! re/ ( ! body is a rem>kable sc>let4  

,! female is m mode/ly m>k$ ) olive4    
,song3 ,! song ( ! ,sc>let ,tanag]      
resembles t ( a ,rob91 b is       mu* m 
?roaty or buzzy1--caus+ "o to ?9k ( a   
,rob9       s++ ) a cold 9 8 syr9x4     
,john ,burr\ghs has ref]r$ to       x z 
a pr\d gorge\s /ra94 ,! tones h a truly 
pr\d       quality1 & well express !    
feel+s ( "o :o w\ld l to       lie idle 
9 ! woods to fully enjoy ! cont5t &     
peace ( a       w>m spr+ day4 ,!y sugge/
 ! quiet ( a tir$ bumblebee       dron+ 
8 way homew>d at ! end ( a h>d day's "w4
 ,! call       note has be5 repres5t$ z 
,*ip-*urr--*ip-*urr4  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ ( ?is
 bird is made ( /ems1 rootlets1 & /rips 
(       b>k4 ,x is sometimes q loosely  
con/ruct$ & is plac$ ^u       !         
outspread+ limb ( a tree sometimes z    
high z =ty feet4       ,! eggs1 ?ree to 
five 9 numb]1 are ( a gre5i% blue blot*$
       ) a *e/nut color4  ,food3 ,!     
,sc>let ,tanag] de/roys num]\s h>mful   
insects & is =       ?is reason a v     
b5eficial bird4 ,click-beetles1         

crane-flies1       weevils & num]\s     
cat]pill>s =m a l>ge "p ( 8 diet4       
,! ,tanag] also eats "s vegetable food  
su* z small fruits1       b]ries & !    
se$s ( plants1 mo/ ( :i* are wild4      
,rem>ks3 ,! male ,summ] ,tanag]1 :i* is 
ano!r species1 is ( dull       r$ above 
& a v]milion b5ea?4 ,! female ( ?is     
relation (       ! ,sc>let ,tanag] is ( 
a yell[i% gre5 above ) a dull           
yell[ ^u ! und]side4    ,^! ,tanag]s are
 truly tropical 9 _! appe>ance4 ,!y are 
animat$ t\*es ( color t seem someh[ to  
be =eign to our   ,nor!rn woods4        
,illu/ration3 ,! ,sc>let ,tanag]--#g    
in*es                                   
,,r$-,,ey$ ,,vireo   ,except = !        
,catbird1 ! mo/ talkative bird t we "k  
is ! ,r$-ey$ ,vireo4 ,he is fir/ to be  
se5 9 late ,april4 ,:5 ,octob] has come1
 ! ,r$-eye travels ,s\?w>d4 ,all ?r\gh !
 w>m days ( spr+ & summ]1 ?is p]si/5t   
little bird s+s & s+s4 ,mr4 ,wilson     
,flagg has call$ him ,! ,prea*] ,bird4  
,?is title is inde$ well e>n$ = he seems

 to say1 ov] & ov]--,y see me--,i see   
y--d y he> me8 ,d y believe me8  ,ne/3  
,! p5dant ne/ ( ! ,r$-ey$ ,vireo hangs f
 a =k$ bran*4       ,x is made ( small  
bits ( dead wood1 plant d[n1 pap] &     
/rips ( ?9 b>k all v neatly int]wov5 to 
=m a t9y bird       basket4 ,! eggs1    
?ree to f\r 9 numb]1 are ( a :ite color 
) a few specks ( br[n or umb] ^u ! l>g] 
end4       ,frequ5tly ! ,c[bird leaves  
h] egg 9 ?is little bird's ne/4         
,?is poem by ,fai? ,c4 ,lee1 9          
,bird-,lore1 gives "o p]son's           
op9ion ( ! ,c[bird4                     
,r$-,ey$ ,vireo   ,:5 ov]head y he> a   
bird     ,:o talks1 or r *att]s1   ,(   
all ! late/ woodl& news1     ,& o!r     
trivial matt]s1   ,:o is s k9d1 s v k9d1
     ,%e nev] c say no4   ,& s ! na/y   
,c[bird     ,drops an egg among h] r[   
,( neat :ite eggs4 ,behold h] !n1     ,!
 ,r$-ey$ ,vireo6  ,m>k+s3 ,! trim little
 cr[n ( ! ,r$-ey$ ,vireo is ( gray      
color1       bord]$ ^u ei!r side by a   
neat little b& ( black4 ,! eye       ( !

 bird is brick-r$ ) a :ite l9e directly 
above4  ,food3 ,al?\gh ?is bird is n a  
memb] ( ! family ( ,w>bl]s1 8           
habits are some:at simil>4 ,insect food 
is f\nd 9 ! trees1       %rubs1 & bu%es4
  ,mabel ,osgood ,wright has ref]r$ to !
 ,r$-ey$ ,vireo z a bird ( ! mid-day4 ,9
 h] *ildr5's poem ( n9e /anzas1 entitl$ 
,! ,birds & ! ,h\rs1 %e says3           
,illu/ration3 ,! ,r$-ey$ ,vireo--#f     
in*es                                   
,noon   ,:o is ! ,bird ( ! middle day8  
,! gre5-w+$1 r$-ey$ ,vireo gay1   ,:o   
talks & prea*es1 yet keeps an eye       
,on e /rang] :o passes by4  ,! ,r$-eye  
has be5 kn[n to become s tame t p]sons h
 /rok$ a bird ^u ! back z %e sat ^u !   
ne/4                                    
,,! ,,goldf9*   ,"o ( ! m]rie/ ( all !  
_m birds is ! ,goldf9*1 or ,wild ,can>y1
 z he is sometimes call$4 ,:5 w9t]1 )   
its bit+ cold & ?ick sn[ comes1 we /ill 
f9d ?is *e]ful little bird1 visit+ ) its
 _m fri5ds1 p]haps p]*$ on "s b>r5      
bran*1 twitt]+ its gay little song to   

any :o c>e to li/54 ,x is dur+ ^! mon?s 
t we f9d he has *ang$ 8 bright yell[    
coat = "o ( olive gre54 ,h[ev]1 he /ill 
we>s 8 little black cap z 8 head cov]+4 
,song3 ,n only does ! ,goldf9* resemble 
! ,can>y 9 color1 b 8       s++ is q    
can>y-l1 z well4 ,8 song is lively1     
spontane\s & decid$ly musical1 (t5      
describ$ z       p]-*ic-o-ree4 ,x is    
frequ5tly giv5 z ! bird is on !         
w+4 ,! flight is undulat+ & z ! bird    
rises 9 a great       upw>d curve1 a    
cle> song1 ) its wild c>e-free quality1 
joy\sly fills ! air4  ,ne/3 ,! ne/ ( !  
,goldf9* is sometimes f\nd 9 l[ bu%es or
 9       trees4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/        
beautiful /ructures t may be se5        
out-(-doors4 ,f9e grass & moss are us$ =
 ! ext]ior1 :ile       ! v lighte/ (    
?i/le-d[n is collect$ = ! s(t ne/       
l9+4 ,=tunate1 inde$1 are ! little birds
 :o are re>$ 9       ?is truly silk5    
c\*4 ,! eggs1 ?ree to six 9 numb]1 are (
       a pale1 blui% :ite color4        
,rem>ks3 ,! female ,goldf9* is mu* d>k] 

9 color4 ,in/ead ( !       black cap &  
black w+s ( ! male1 %e is cov]$ ) a     
br[ni% olive above1 & a yell[i% :ite    
b5ea?4 ,inde$1 %e       is mu* ! m mode/
 ( ! two4 ,?is little ,wild ,can>y1 :o  
s+s z he flies1 is z useful z he is     
attractive4 ,he eats       objectionable
 we$ se$s & o!r simil> food4 ,he is     
greatly       attract$ by sun-fl[] se$s 
& he w\ld (t5 come v close       to our 
homes if we provid$ = him4 ,:5 we see ! 
,goldf9*       dipp+ ?r\gh ! air1 & he> 
8 happy p]-*ic-o-ree1       ev5 f a     
di/ance we c make no mi/ake ab\t 8      
id5tity2       = ( all ! birds t h      
def9ite habits1 ! ,goldf9* is       mo/ 
*>act]i/ic 9 8 mann] ( fly+4            
,illu/ration3 ,goldf9*--#e in*es        
,,! ,,ruby-,,?roat$ ,,humm+bird   ,!    
only species ( ,humm+bird t we "k 9 !   
,nor!a/ is ! ,ruby-?roat4 ,?is little   
:irr+ jewel comes to u f ! ,s\? 9 v e>ly
 ,may & dep>ts by ! fir/ ( ,octob]4 ,x  
is int]e/+ to le>n t !re are at lea/    
five hundr$ kn[n species ( ,humm+birds 9

 ! ,new ,_w4 ,!y are f\nd only 9 ,nor? &
 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! greate/ numb]s be+ 9   
,s\? ,am]ica 9 ,ecuador & ,columbia1 :]e
 ,dr4 ,frank ,m4 ,*apman writes t !y    
inhabit ! ,&ean regions4  ,song3 ,!     
,ruby-?roat$ ,humm+bird utt]s only a    
little squeak &       ?us may be said to
 possess no true song4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,s*uyl] 
,ma!ws       has said t ?is note might  
possibly mean--,look out n[2 don't      
attempt to cat* me by ! tail :ile my    
head is buri$ 9 ?is       morn+-glory6  
,! humm+ s\nd is made by ! rapidly beat+
       w+s4 ,inde$1 ^! w+s move s       
rapidly t !y are invisible       z !    
bird hov]s 9 mid-air :ile inve/igat+ "s 
fl[]4  ,food3 ,! diet ( ?is ,humm+bird  
consi/s ( t9y insects & also (       !  
nect> ( fl[]s4  ,ne/3 ,?is r>e little   
/ructure is built ^u a horizontal tree  
limb1       q f> f ! gr\nd4 ,x is built 
( ! v s(te/ (       plant d[n1 cov]$ ^u 
! outside ) small bits ( li*5s       &  
b\nd to ! bran* ) fib]s4 ,?is delicate  
little       composition is mo/         

difficult to f9d4 ,(t5 x is only        
discov]$       by accid5t1 p]*$ ^u its  
sway+ f\ndation4 ,! two :ite       eggs1
 ab\t ! size ( beans1 are incubat$ & !n 
! two       dim9utive birds appe> 9 !   
silk5 ?imble4 ,! entire family          
c\ld be conta9$ 9 a spoon4    ,?is      
little midget ) ?roat ( r$1     ,t hums 
?r\gh ! air l a bee2   ,is x a bird or a
 fairy in/ead1     ,t hov]s = mortals to
 see8   ,or is x a fl[] ) silv]y w+1    
,cont5t to fly ?\gh x nev] may s+8      
,on s(t summ] days1 :]e ! ,jewel-we$    
gr[s1     ,?is fla% f ! ,tropics may    
seem1   ,9 its d>t+ & da%+ :]ev] x goes1
     ,to be l ! ?read ( a dream   ,t    
j\rneys z ev5 a dream may d1     ,to    
visit ! blossoms & ta/e ( ! dew4        
,illu/ration3 ,! ,ruby-?roat$           
,humm+birds--#c in*es     ,male above1  
female bel[      ,illu/ration3 ,common  
,pigeon      ,illu/ration3 ,r$          
,crossbill                              
,,bird ,,games   ,!re are _m diff]5t    
games t may be play$ to add int]e/ to a 

/udy ( birds4 ,"s ( ^! are adaptable =  
out-(-doors & "s = ! class room4 ,"o    
game t has prov5 itself to be r popul>1 
is a game ( bird p>ts4  ,equipm5t3 ,=   
equipm5t x is necess>y = ! in/ructor to 
h       ei!r a l>ge color$ picture or a 
real specim5 ( "s bird z       !        
,mead[l>k :i* is r di/9ctively m>k$4    
,rules3 ,fir/ ! in/ructor calls !       
att5tion ( ! *ildr5 to !       v>i\s    
p>ts ( ! bird z outl9$ ^u ! *>t 9 ?is   
booklet4 ,he !n asks ! *ildr5 to /& &   
calls out su*       body p>ts z ! cr[n1 
! nape1 ! ?roat1 & ! %\ld]       ask+ ! 
*ildr5 to put _! h&s quickly on ! p>ts (
       _! bodies t are nam$4 ,aft] ?is  
brief review !       in/ructor holds up 
a diff]5t bird & po9ts to ! diff]5t     
p>ts su* z ! yell[ nape ( ! ,bobol9k1 ! 
r$di% brea/       ( ! ,grosbeak & asks !
 *ildr5 to "n quickly ! p>ts z       !y 
are indicat$1 at ! same "t plac+ _! h&s 
^u       ^! p>ts z be=e4 ,! *ild :o     
makes a mi/ake is made to       keep 8  
h& :]e x is1 &1 by process ( elim9ation1

 )       ! use ( sev]al birds x is (t5  
possible to f9d "o *ild       :o has    
alone be5 undefeat$4                    
,,birds' ,,ne/ ,,game  ,9 ord] to       
appreciate :at wond]ful /ructures birds'
 ne/s really are1 x is sometimes helpful
 to try to build a ne/4  ,equipm5t3 ,let
 ea* *ild ga!r sev]al h&fuls ( dri$     
grass1 %ort       dead twigs1 /rips (   
inn] b>k1 leaves & simil> ne/+          
mat]ial4 ,^! may be br\ght to !         
classroom or else ! game       may be   
play$ 9 ! op54  ,rules3 ,! in/ructor    
%\ld give a brief talk on diff]5t types 
(       birds' ne/s su* z ! ,rob9s' &   
,cr[s'4 ,= ?is purpose1       sev]al    
real birds' ne/s z examples w\ld be mo/ 
useful4 ,!       *ildr5 %\ld be all[$ a 
giv5 "t to con/ruct _! ne/s4       ,at !
 end ( ?is p]iod1 x is j b>ely possible 
t !re       may be "o ne/like /ructure 9
 ! gr\p4 ,?is ne/ w (       c\rse be !  
w9n+ "o4 ,?is is "o way 9 :i* ! *ildr5  
may appreciate ! true birds' ne/s4      
,,! ,,migrations ,,( ,,local ,,birds    

,our local bird life may be divid$      
r\ghly into two p>ts3 ! ,p]man5t        
,resid5ts & ! ,transi5ts4 ,z ,mr4 ,ludl[
 ,griscom has said ,x is idle to look = 
,w>bl]s 9 ,janu>y or ,ducks 9 ,july4 ,we
 mu/ "k :i* ( our birds are ) u all !   
ye> & :i* visit u = a %ort "t4 ,! foll[+
 is a li/ t w help u to tell :5 to look 
= diff]5t birds at diff]5t seasons4  ,a4
 ,p]man5t ,resid5ts4    ,9 g5]al1 !     
birds t are pres5t dur+ ! mon?s (       
,novemb]1   ,decemb]1 ,janu>y & ,febru>y
 are to be f\nd h]eab\ts dur+ !   entire
 ye>4 ,^! are ! ,cr[1 sev]al ( ! ,owls1 
! ,song   ,sp>r[1 ! ,p>tridge1 etc4     
,h[ev]1 we also h w9t] visitors1   su* z
 ! ,k+lets1 ! ,br[n ,creep]1 ! ,sn[bird 
& o!rs t   return to ! nor? dur+ ! w>m  
season ( ! ye>4  ,b4 ,spr+ ,visitors4   
#a4 ,m>*4 ,dur+ ?is mon? a gradual      
influx ( birds is notic$4   ,! foll[+ is
 a li/ ( ^! bold] visitors4    7,feb4   
#ae to ,m>* #be7   ,mead[l>k   ,ru/y    
,blackbird   ,r$-w+$ ,blackbird         
,gre5-w+$ ,teal   ,k+fi%]   ,phoebe     

,c[bird   ,morn+ ,dove   ,purple        
,grackle   ,fox ,sp>r[   ,rob9          
,bluebird   ,wood ,duck   ,killde]      
,plov]   ,woodcock    #b4 ,april   7,m>*
 #be to ,april #ab7   ,pi$-bill$ ,grebe 
,blue-w+$ ,teal   ,great ,blue ,h]on    
,wilson's ,snipe   ,pip+ ,plov]         
,osprey   ,yell[-belli$ ,sapsuck]       
,vesp] ,sp>r[   ,ruby-cr[n$ ,k+let      
,savannah ,sp>r[   ,:ite-?roat$ ,sp>r[  
,*ipp+ ,sp>r[   ,field ,sp>r[   ,swamp  
,sp>r[   ,tree ,swall[   ,yell[ ,palm   
,w>bl]   ,p9e ,w>bl]   ,h]mit ,?ru%     
7,april #ag to #be7   ,bitt]n           
,black-cr[n$ ,night ,h]on   ,clapp]     
,rail   ,virg9ia ,rail   ,t[hee   ,b>n  
,swall[   ,blue-head$ ,vireo            
,black-&-,:ite ,w>bl]   ,myrtle ,w>bl]  
,black-?roat$ ,gre5 ,w>bl]   ,l\isiana  
,wat] ,?ru%   ,br[n ,?ra%]    7,april   
#be to #cj7   ,gre5 ,h]on   ,great]     
,yell[legs   ,spott$ ,s&pip]            
,broad-w+$ ,hawk   ,:ip-poor-w   ,*imney
 ,swift   ,purple ,m>t9   ,cliff ,swall[
   ,bank ,swall[   ,r\gh-w+$ ,swall[    

,yell[ ,w>bl]   ,h\se ,wr5    #c4 ,may3 
,?is is ! be/ mon? ( ! ye> = obs]vation 
"w if a   l>ge li/ ( birds is ! ?+      
desir$4 ,birds are n[ com+   nor?w>d ) a
 ru%1 ! peak ( ! migration season is    
rea*$1   & x is possible to see ov] #ajj
 species 9 a s+le day4    7,may #b to   
#g7   ,solit>y ,s&pip]   ,pigeon ,hawk  
,humm+bird   ,k+bird   ,cre/$ ,flycat*] 
,lea/ ,flycat*]   ,baltimore ,oriole    
,or*>d ,oriole   ,gras%opp] ,sp>r[      
,rose-brea/$ ,grosbeak   ,tanag]        
,w>bl+ ,vireo   ,yell[-?roat$ ,vireo    
,:ite-ey$ ,vireo   ,na%ville ,w>bl]     
,blue-w+$ ,w>bl]   ,p>ula ,w>bl]        
,black-?roat$ ,blue ,w>bl]              
,*e/nut-sid$ ,w>bl]   ,prairie ,w>bl]   
,nor!rn ,wat]-?ru%   ,hood$ ,w>bl]      
,nor!rn ,yell[-?roat   ,ov5bird   ,r$/>t
   ,catbird   ,wood ,?ru%   ,ve]y       
7,may #i to #ab7   ,acadian ,flycat*]   
,r$-ey$ ,vireo   ,worm-eat+ ,w>bl]      
,blackburnian ,w>bl]   ,yell[-brea/$    
,*at   ,olive-back$ ,?ru%   ,magnolia   
,w>bl]   ,canadian ,w>bl]    7,may #aj  

to #ad7   ,nigh?awk   ,bobol9k          
,:ite-cr[n$ ,sp>r[   ,l9coln's ,sp>r[   
,gold5-w+$ ,w>bl]   ,t5nessee ,w>bl]    
,cape ,may ,w>bl]   ,bay-brea/$ ,w>bl]  
,blackpoll ,w>bl]   ,wilson's ,w>bl]    
,long-bill$ ,m>% ,wr5   ,gray-*eck$     
,?ru%    7,may #ae to #bf7              
,yell[-bill$ ,cuckoo   ,black-bill$     
,cuckoo   ,wood ,pewee   ,indigo ,bunt+ 
,c$> ,waxw+   ,olive-sid$ ,flycat*]     
,yell[-belli$ ,flycat*]   ,ald]         
,flycat*]   ,k5tucky ,w>bl]   ,morn+    
,w>bl]    #d4 ,june3 ,! majority ( !    
local birds are ne/+ dur+ ?is   mon? & !
 o!rs h gone on to bre$+ gr\nds fur!r   
nor?4    #e4 ,july3 ,! bre$+ & ! song   
seasons are n[ ne>ly conclud$4   ,!     
m\lt+ has begun & ! woods & fields are  
quiet 9 ! w>m   sunlight4  ,c4 ,,autumn 
,,transi5ts3 ,among ! fir/ ( ! birds to 
leave = ! ,s\?1 ! foll[+ may be not$3   
#a4 ,augu/    7,augu/ #a to #cj7        
,great ,blue ,h]on   ,sora ,rail        
,clive-sid$ ,flycat*]   ,gold5-w+$      
,w>bl]   ,t5nessee ,w>bl]   ,cape ,may  

,w>bl]   ,magnolia ,w>bl]   ,bay-brea/$ 
,w>bl]   ,blackburnian ,w>bl]   ,nor!rn 
,wat] ,?ru%   ,m\rn+ ,w>bl]   ,wilson's 
,w>bl]   ,canadian ,w>bl]    #b4        
,septemb]3 ,! ,s\?w>d migration         
cont9ues4    7,septemb] #a to #aj7      
,na%ville ,w>bl]   ,p>ula ,w>bl]        
,black-?roat$ ,blue ,w>bl]   ,blackpoll 
,w>bl]   ,black-?roat$ ,gre5 ,w>bl]     
,connecticut ,w>bl]    7,septemb] #aj to
 #cj7   ,wilson's ,snipe   ,broad-w+$   
,hawk   ,pigeon ,hawk   ,:ite-?roat$    
,sp>r[   ,palm ,w>bl]   ,olive-back$    
,?ru%   ,coot   ,savannah ,sp>r[        
,junco   ,l9coln's ,sp>r[    #c4        
,octob]3 ,z ! insects disappe> :5 ! fro/
 arrives1 s d   ! birds1 t ne$ ?is =m ( 
food1 g ,s\?w>d4 ,?us ! wea!r   is ma9ly
 responsible = ! date on :i* ! rema9+   
species   leave = ! ,s\?4 ,an accurate  
li/ is h>dly possible4                  
,,bibliography   ,h&book ( ,birds (     
,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,frank ,m4        
,*apman4 ,d4       ,appleton  ,co41 ,new
 ,york4    ,?is book is v complete &    

deals ) v>i\s phases ( bird life4   ,x  
is a valuable h&book = tea*]s4  ,h&book 
( ,birds ( ,we/]n ,unit$ ,/ates3        
,flor5ce ,m]riam ,bailey4       ,h\ghton
 ,miffl9 ,co41 ,bo/on4  ,bird ,life3    
,frank ,m4 ,*apman4 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co41
 ,new ,york4    ,popul> edition ) color$
 plates = tea*]s & *ildr51 alike4       
,birds ( ,village & ,field3 ,flor5ce    
,m]riam ,bailey4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9       
,co41 ,bo/on4 ,= tea*]s & *ildr54  ,wild
 ,w+s3 ,h4 ,k4 ,job4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9   
,co41 ,bo/on4 ,= tea*]s &       *ildr54 
,among ! ,wat] ,f[l3 ,h4 ,k4 ,job4      
,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co41 ,bo/on4 ,=       
tea*]s & *ildr54  ,birds ( ,c5tral ,p>k3
 ,ludl[ ,griscom4 ,am]ican ,museum (    
,natural       ,hi/ory4 ,= tea*]s &     
*ildr54  ,birds ( ,new ,york ,city      
,region3 ,ludl[ ,griscom4 ,am]ican      
,museum (       ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,=    
tea*]s4  ,birds ( ,new ,york3 7#b       
volumes74 ,eaton4 ,new ,york ,/ate      
,museum4    ,^! l>ge volumes conta9 v   
complete descriptions4 ,!y are          

illu/rat$ ) beautiful color plates by   
,l\is ,agassiz ,fu]tes1   :i* are       
especially useful to *ildr54  ,a ,guide 
,to ! ,birds ( ,new ,engl& & ,ea/]n ,new
 ,york3 ,ralph ,h(fman4       ,h\ghton  
,miffl9 ,co41 ,bo/on4 ,= tea*]s4  ,field
 ,book ( ,wild ,birds & ,_! ,music3 ,f4 
,s*uyl] ,ma!ws4 ,g4 ,p4       ,putnam's 
,sons1 ,new ,york4 ,= tea*]s & pupils4  
,! ,importance ( ,bird ,life3 ,g4       
,inness ,h>tley4 ,! ,c5tury ,company1   
,new       ,york4 ,= tea*]s & pupils4   
,birdcraft3 ,mabel ,osgood ,wright4     
,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york4 ,=     
*ildr54  ,gray ,lady & ! ,birds3 ,mabel 
,osgood ,wright4 ,macmillan ,company1   
,new       ,york4 ,= *ildr54  ,:at ,bird
 is ,t8 ,frank ,m4 ,*apman4 ,d4         
,appleton  ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,=         
tea*]s & pupils4  ,am]ican ,birds       
,photograph$ & ,/udi$ ,f ,life3 ,william
 ,l4 ,f9ley4       ,*>les ,scribn]s     
,sons1 ,new ,york4  ,useful ,birds & ,_!
 ,protection3 ,edw>d ,h4 ,=bu%4         
,massa*usetts       ,/ate ,bo>d (       

,agriculture1 ,bo/on4    ,?is book      
conta9s illu/rations ( noxi\s insects & 
! birds t   fe$ ^u !m4  ,h[ ,to ,/udy   
,birds3 ,h]b]t ,k4 ,job4 ,out+ ,publi%+ 
,company4  ,bird ,h\ses & ,h[ ,to ,build
 ,!m3 ,n$ ,de>born4 ,f>m]'s ,bullet9    
#fji1       ,sup't4 ( ,docum5ts1        
,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4  
,c4  ,attract+ ,birds ab\t !            
,home--,bullet9 ,no4 #a4 ,national      
,association (       ,audubon           
,societies1 ,new ,york ,city4           
,,an ,,e>ly ,,morn+ ,,) ,,! ,,birds     
,wild birds *ange _! season 9 ! night4  
,& wail _! way f cl\d to cl\d   ,d[n !  
long w9d4  ,"o e>ly ,octob] morn+ ,i lay
 on ! h>d-pack$ gr\nd1 long+ = ! sun to 
rise4 ,i _h slept "h all night long t ,i
 might see ! birds at dawn4 ,deceiv$ by 
! w>m? ( ! previ\s day1 ,i _h n br\ght  
en\gh blankets & 0 !re=e exce$+ly       
uncom=table 9 ! cold breeze4  ,at ! foot
 ( ! hill ^u :i* /ood my camp1 !re 0 a  
spr+-f$ pond4 ,damm$ at "o end1 x       
com=tably fill$ ! head ( a small valley4

 ,lead+ f x 0 a broad1 grassy tidal flat
 t rec$$ f ! visible ,long ,isl& ,s\nd4 
,to %ore birds ?is m>%y place 0 an ideal
 fe$+ spot4  ,ov] ! d>k1 motionless     
surface ( ! lake !re float$ a fog bank1 
susp5d$ ab\t tw5ty feet f ! surface4 ,m 
vapor 0 sl[ly gr[+ into a gigantic      
mu%room4  ,z ,i wat*$ ?is increas+ filmy
 mantle1 ,i saw fir/ "o & !n ano!r gray 
%ape pass into x & disappe>1 only to    
em]ge aga9 at "s o!r po9t & vani% 9 !   
d>kness ( ! oak-l9$ %ore4 ,at fir/ ,i   
c\ld n imag9e :at ^! gho/-l %apes 71 &  
!n1 j z ,i _h ab\t decid$ t !y 7 !      
result ( a freaki% w9d play+ ) /ray     
cl\dlets1 !re came a gruff quawk1 quawk1
 quawk1 tak5 up by "o & !n ano!r ( !    
%apes until ! place e*o$ ) ho>se cries4 
,i realiz$ t ! ,black-cr[n$ ,night ,h]on
 0 tak+ 8 f9al morn+ sail prep>atory to 
go+ to roo/ 9 "s ne>by tree = ! day4 ,l 
! owl1 he pref]r$ ! night = 8           
activities4  ,gradually ! noise subsid$ 
z ! ,h]ons settl$ on v>i\s bran*es4 ,!  
mi/ above ! pond began to disappe>1 & ! 

small1 %apeless cl\ds f> up 9 ! sky took
 on a sugge/ion ( color4 ,n[ 0 ! "t to  
arise4 ,9 a v little :ile ! woods w\ld  
be fill$ ) fly+1 fe$+ birds1 & ! be/ "t 
( day = bird obs]vation w\ld be at h&4  
,yet s cold 0 ,i t x 0 impossible to    
move a limb4 ,sev]al times1 (f to "o    
side1 a fa9t-voic$ little ,:ite-?roat$  
,sp>r[ gave a feeble imitation ( 8      
beautiful spr+-&-summ] song4 ,x 0 z ?\gh
 8 vocal organs _h become less pliant   
?r\gh disuse & exposure to ! cold4  ,:at
 a brave little s+] he is1 ev5 ?\gh 8   
ef=ts are n always equally repaid4 ,i   
?9k x is p>tially :at ,hudson w\ld call 
! human note t s ende>s ! ,:ite-?roat's 
song to me4 ,!re is truly an intimate   
quality 9 ! fir/ su/a9$ note ( 8 song4  
,b 9 ! f9al1 high & inf9itely sweet     
tones !re is a sugge/ion ( a song t is  
too pure to be voic$ by any?+ t is b\nd 
to ! e>?4 ,_m h be5 ! hot summ] days :51
 tir$ & pack-we>y1 ,i h paus$ = a mom5t 
to re/ at "s bramble-cov]$ cle>+ 9 !    
deep woods1 & t *e]y little =e/ voice ( 

! ,peabody bird1 com+ unexpect$ly f "s  
unse5 bran*1 w\ld refre% me z mu* z a   
dr9k at "s cool spr+4 ,i look =w>d to 8 
s++ f "o ye> to ! next4  ,a massive :ite
 oak spread its p[]ful bran*es at lea/  
"o hundr$ feet above my head4 ,x 0 a    
maje/ic & beautiful liv+ monum5t to a   
mighty nature4 ,"s ( ! topmo/ limbs     
seem$ to rea* up & disappe> 9 ! sky1 s  
p]fectly did _! pale gray b>k bl5d ) !  
e>ly morn+ light4 ,= "s "t ,i li/5$ to !
 s(t ru/l+ ( ! w9d among its myriad dry+
 leaves4 ,!n v subtly f ! tree top !re  
came a diff]5t s\nd1 :i* impress$ itself
 ^u my consci\sness z w\ld ! fa9t p]fume
 ( a di/ant fl[] b$ sl[ly approa*$4     
,gradually x increas$ until ! leafy     
:isp]+ became almo/ inaudible1 & ! air 0
 fill$ ) an indescribable1 high-pit*$   
musical brea?+4 ,x 0 z ?\gh c\ntless t9y
 creatures 7 conv]s+ a great way (f4    
,turn+ squ>ely on my back1 ,i = a mom5t 
saw no?+ 9 ! leafy mid/ s f> above4 ,z  
my eyes became m prop]ly focuss$1 h[ev]1
 !y di/+ui%$ "s small objects ( ab\t !  

same size4 ,my glasses 7 safely /or$ 9 !
 heel ( a l>ge %oe close at h&4 ,=gett+ 
! *ill air1 ,i uncov]$ my *e/ & arms    
long en\gh to take out ! b9ocul>s4  ,!re
 9 ! tree top ,i saw a mov+ mass ( v    
small birds t 7 fly+ f "o twig to ano!r 
) sc>cely any pause 9 _! activities4 ,no
 soon] w\ld "o move out ( sight ?an     
ano!r w\ld come fly+ into ! tree & take 
8 place4 ,! entire ga!r+ 0 ev] go+      
s\?w>d4 ,a few ( ! numb] came d[n to !  
l[] bran*es :]e _! id5tity c\ld be m    
readily det]m9$4 ,i realiz$ t ,i 0      
witness+ ! fall migration ( a l>ge gr\p 
( ,am]ican w>bl]s4  ,among ! mo/ prom95t
 ( ! small birds 7 ! female & "y        
,r$/>ts1 :o fla%$ into view _m times4 ,!
 yell[ on ! out] tail fea!rs 0 pla9ly   
visible z !y sp$ "h & !re aft] any      
insect t might be ab\t4 ,! ,myrtle      
,w>bl]1 ) 8 f\r yell[ spots on cr[n1    
rump1 & on ea* side ( 8 brea/1 0 v      
l>gely repres5t$ 9 ! tree top4 ,! da9ty 
little ,yell[ ,w>bl] & ! ,black-?roat$  
,blue 7 also !re4 ,:at a multitude !y 7 

& :at a long fe>some j\rney !y _h yet to
 travel6 ,x w\ld be h>d to enum]ate all 
( ! v>i\s dang]s t beset ^! little birds
 z !y fly mile aft] mile ?r\gh ! air at 
night1 & m p>ticul>ly z !y re/ & fe$ ne>
 ! gr\nd dur+ ! day4  ,ev5 z ,i wat*$1 a
 m>aud+ ,scree* ,owl glid$ ov]head on   
noiseless w+s4 ,in/antly ! twitt]+ di$1 
only to be recomm5c$ aft] ! ,owl _h     
pass$ q h>mlessly by4  ,:at busy little 
creatures ^! birds 76 ,!y se>*$ e leaf &
 let no morsel ( food1 insect or plant1 
escape4 ,h[ well !y knew t birds t fly 9
 ! night mu/ fea/ 9 ! daytime4 ,!y 7 )  
me = ab\t fifte5 m9utes1 & !n1 z        
gradually z !y _h come1 s did !y pass on
 until at la/ n a s+le "o 0 to be se54  
,= "s "t ,i lay !re try+ va9ly to w>m   
myself aft] my w>bl] exposure4 ,n a s\nd
 0 to be he>d--ev5 ! w9d _h become      
sil5t4 ,!n sudd5ly !re came f n v f> a  
call ( ,tea*]1 ,tea*]1 ,tea*]1 ,,tea*]4 
,nev] be=e or s9ce h ,i he>d ! tea*]    
bird ann\nce himself s late 9 ! season4 
,he 0 also on 8 j\rney s\?w>d4 ,8 small]

 bro!r w>bl]s took to ! tree tops b he1 
al?\gh ( ! same family1 pref]r$ ! gr\nd 
:]e he might look among ! leaves = *oice
 bits ( food4 ,?is bird is kn[n by a    
div]sity ( names4 ,he is call$ by _m !  
ov5-bird1 due to ! ,dut*-ov5-l /ructure 
( 8 ne/2 b to me he is1 z he 0 to ,john 
,burr\ghs1 ! ,tea*] ,bird4  ,:5 ,i g (f 
alone into ! woods ,i want "s sort (    
burgl> al>m to w>n me ( /rang]s 9 camp  
on w9dless nights4 ,i resort to a v     
anci5t b effective practice4 ,by ga!r+  
_m armfuls ( dry1 dead leaves & pil+ !m 
all ab\t my t5t ,i feel fairly sure t no
 pr[l] c take me by surprise4 ,i _h     
provid$ myself ) j su* an al>m on ?is   
ov]night hike1 & 0 made aw>e by a slight
 ru/l+ close to my t5t t ,i _h a call] (
 "s k9d4 ,= a mom5t ,i ?\ght x 0 a gray 
squirrel1 b !n ! nature ( ! noise seem$ 
diff]5t & ,i 0 puzzl$ z to :o my visitor
 might be4  ,9 a mom5t ,i f\nd out4 ,a  
mo/ beautiful1 clean-cut little ,wood   
,?ru% came hopp+ along be=e my t5t4 ,he 
look$ v cold1 & = t reason ar\s$ my     

sympa?y at once4 ,8 %apely br[n head 0  
tuck$ d[n betwe5 ! %\ld] blades z f> z  
possible4 ,s cold 0 he t he did n ev5   
look = food1 b ) no app>5t ?\ght z to   
direction1 mov$ along evid5tly j to keep
 w>m4 ,x gave me a m5tal picture (      
myself z ,i w\ld be :5 ,i arose4 ,my ma9
 object w\ld be to get ! fire go+ s z to
 keep w>m2 food w\ld come lat]4  ,!     
,?ru% pass$ out ( my sight )\t hav+ paid
 any att5tion to me4 ,i ?\ght him gone =
 all "t2 b no1 9 a mom5t he reappe>$ &  
to my int5se delight came /alk+ /raight 
t[>ds ! t5t1 /ill 9 ! froz5 mann]4      
,sudd5ly1 ,i am positive1 he saw me4 ,8 
head 0 tak5 f betwe5 ! %\ld]s1 & e "p ( 
! bird seem$ in/antly on ! al]t4 ,!     
contra/ 0 />tl+4 ,"h 0 a mo/ active &   
intellig5t creature :]e be=e _h be5 "o t
 look$ rem>kably dull & /upid4  ,sl[ly1 
& ) ! utmo/ caution1 he advanc$ until n 
m ?an two feet sep>at$ u4 ,!re he /opp$ 
& lit]ally look$ me up & d[n4 ,n a s\nd 
nor a movem5t did ,i make1 s fe>ful 0 ,i
 ( fright5+ my gue/ away4 ,:at a        

rem>kably clean :ite brea/ he _h1 & h[  
di/9ct 7 ! r\nd black spots ) :i* x 0   
speckl$6 ,"h 0 ! woodl& bro!r ( ! ,rob9 
& ! ,bluebird "r :]e ,i c\ld put my h&  
on him4 ,aft] he _h become satisfi$ t ,i
 0 h>mless & 0 no m int]e/+ ?an any ( ! 
que]-look+ fall5 logs or rocks ( ! =e/1 
he turn$ 8 back1 r rudely1 & left ! t5t4
  ,x 0 !n t ,i arose & w5t ab\t my fire 
mak+4 ,if ! birds 7 s anxi\s to h me see
 !m t !y 7 =c$ to come into my t5t ,i   
c\ld no long] refuse !m4 ,a ha/y        
breakfa/ ov]1 ,i />t$ (f into ! woods1  
glasses 9 h&1 9 que/ ( ! birds t 7      
call+4                                  
,,notes                                 
,transcrib]'s ,notes   --,reta9$        
publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3
 ?is e,book   is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry
 ( publication4  --,sil5tly correct$ a  
few palpable typos4  --,transcrib$      
h&writt5 9-photo captions4  --,9 ! text 
v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$
 by   und]scores4