,hathi,trust ,digital ,library47 ,,new ,,series ,no4 #df ,,published ,,annually ,,by ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society ,,instituted ,,may #h,,th1 #aghg4 ,,the ,,journal ,,of ,,prison ,,discipline ,,and ,,philanthropy ,,january1 #aijg ,,office3 ,,state ,,house ,,row ,s4 ,w4 ,,corner ,,fifth ,,and ,,chestnut ,,streets ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,constitution ,,of ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society4 ,when we consider that the obligations of benevolence1 which are founded on the precepts and example of the ,author of ,christianity1 are not canceled by the follies or crimes of our fellow-creatures1 and when we reflect upon the miseries which penury1 hunger1 cold1 unnecessary severity1 unwholesome apartments1 and guilt 7the usual attendants of prisons7 involve with them1 it becomes us to extend our compassions to that part of mankind who are the subjects of those miseries4 ,by the aid of humanity their undue and illegal sufferings may be prevented2 the link which should bind the whole family of mankind together under all circumstances1 be preserved unbroken2 and such degree and modes of punishment may be discovered and suggested as may1 instead of continuing habits of vice1 become the means of restoring our fellow-creatures to virtue and happiness4 ,from a conviction of the truth and obligations of these principles1 the subscribers have associated themselves under the title of 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society40 ,for effecting these purposes they have adopted the following ,constitution3 ,,article ,i4 ,the officers of the ,society shall consist of a ,president1 two ,vice-,presidents1 two ,secretaries1 a ,treasurer 7who may be an undoubted first-class ,trust and ,safe ,deposit ,company regularly chartered by the ,state or ,national ,authorities71 and two ,counselors4 ,the ,committee on ,membership in the 8,acting ,committee0 shall be the nominating committee of the ,society1 whose duty it shall be after careful consideration to nominate members of the ,society most suitable in their judgment for the above named offices4 ,the officers and the ,acting ,committee shall be chosen by ballot1 at the ,annual ,meeting of the ,society1 which shall be on the fourth ,thursday in the ,first month 7,january7 of each year and they shall continue in office until their successors are elected4 ,a majority of the whole number of votes cast shall be necessary to the choice of any nominee for office4 ,in case an election for any cause shall not be held at the time above mentioned1 it shall be the duty of the ,president to call a ,special ,meeting of the ,society1 within thirty days for the purpose of holding such election1 of which at least three days' notice shall be given4 ,,article ,,ii4 ,the ,president shall preside in all meetings1 and subscribe all public acts of the ,society4 ,he may call special meetings whenever he may deem it expedient1 and shall do so when requested in writing by five members4 ,in his absence one of the ,vice-,presidents may act in his place4 ,,article ,,iii4 ,the ,secretaries shall keep fair records of the proceedings of the ,society1 and shall conduct its correspondence4 ,,article ,,iv4 ,the ,treasurer shall pay all orders of the ,society or of the ,acting ,committee1 signed by the presiding officer and the ,secretary1 and shall present a statement of the receipts and expenditures at each stated meeting of the ,society1 and an annual report at the annual meeting in the ,first month 7,january74 ,all capital moneys1 investments1 securities and property belonging to the ,society may be placed in the care and custody of such trust company as the ,society may by resolution direct1 for safe keeping and for the collection of the income and principal thereof4 ,all investments and re-investments of capital money shall be made by direction of at least three members of the ,finance ,committee of the ,society4 ,all bequests and life subscriptions which may be received shall be safely invested1 the income only thereupon to be applied to the current expenses of the ,society4 ,,continued ,,on ,,third ,,page ,,of ,,cover4 ,illustration3 ,,joshua ,l4 ,,baily4 ,president ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society1 #aijg4 ,see page #ae4 ,,new ,,series ,no4 #df4 ,,the ,,journal ,,of ,,prison ,,discipline ,,and ,,philanthropy ,,published ,,annually ,,under ,,the ,,direction ,,of 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society0 ,,instituted ,,may #hth1 #aghg ,,january1 #aijg ,,office3 ,,state ,,house ,,row ,s4 ,w4 ,,corner ,,fifth ,,and ,,chestnut ,,streets ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society 7,,formerly ,,called ,,the ,,philadelphia ,,society ,,for ,,alleviating ,,the ,,miseries ,,of ,,public ,,prisons47 ,place of ,meeting1 ,state ,house ,row1 ,philadelphia4 ,s4 ,w4 ,cor4 ,fifth and ,chestnut ,sts4 ,the #abjth ,annual ,meeting of 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society0 was held on the afternoon of the ,first month 7,january71 #bdth1 #aijg1 with ,,samuel ,,biddle as ,chairman1 and ,,geo4 ,s4 ,,wetherell as ,secretary4 ,the ,minutes of the #aaith ,annual meeting were read and approved1 after which the ,treasurer presented his report4 ,memorials on the death of the ,president1 ,,geo4 ,w4 ,,hall1 and the ,first ,vice-,president1 the ,,rev4 ,,james ,,roberts1 ,d4 ,d41 were submitted and ordered spread on the ,minutes4 ,the officers and the members of the ,acting ,committee for #aijg were elected 7,see next page74 ,article ,,iv of the ,constitution as amended was adopted4 ,the ,editorial ,committee was directed to print #g1ejj copies of the ,,journal1 and to make such alterations and additions as might be necessary4 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,gen4 ,secretary4 ,editorial ,committee for #aijg3 ,,rev4 ,r4 ,,heber ,,barnes1 ,chairman2 ,,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,ohl1 ,,deborah ,c4 ,,leeds1 ,,joseph ,c4 ,,noblit1 ,,dr4 ,,william ,c4 ,,storkes4 ,persons receiving the ,journal are invited to correspond with1 and send any publications on ,prison and ,prison ,discipline1 and articles for the ,journal to the ,chairman of the ,editorial ,board1 #fjj ,north ,thirty-second ,street1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 or ,s4 ,w4 ,cor4 ,fifth and ,chestnut ,streets4 ,the ,national ,prison ,congress of the ,u4 ,s4 for the past eight years designated the fourth ,sunday in ,october annually as ,prison ,sunday4 ,to aid the movement for reformation1 some speakers may be supplied from this ,society4 ,apply to the chairman of that ,committee4 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,s4 ,w4 ,cor4 ,fifth and ,chestnut ,streets1 ,philadelphia1 is the ,general ,secretary of the ,society1 giving especial attention to the ,eastern ,penitentiary4 ,,frederick ,j4 ,,pooley is ,agent for the ,county ,prison1 appointed by the ,prison ,society4 ,address mail to #ejj ,chestnut ,street1 ,office of ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society4 ,,officers ,,of ,,the ,,society ,,for #aijg4 ,,president ,,joshua ,l4 ,,baily ,,vice-,,presidents ,,rev4 ,,herman ,l4 ,,duhring1 ,d4 ,d4 ,,rev4 ,f4 ,h4 ,,senft ,,treasurer ,,john ,,way ,,secretaries ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle ,,frederick ,j4 ,,pooley ,,counselors ,,hon4 ,,wm4 ,n4 ,,ashman ,,henry ,s4 ,,cattell ,,members ,,of ,,the ,,acting ,,committee ,p4 ,h4 ,spelissy1 ,miss ,c4 ,v4 ,hodges1 ,a4 ,j4 ,wright1 ,john ,h4 ,dillingham1 ,rebecca ,p4 ,latimer1 ,charles ,h4 ,le,fevre1 ,dr4 ,emily ,j4 ,ingram1 ,rev4 ,floyd ,w4 ,tomkins1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,m4 ,stillwell1 ,william ,scattergood1 ,samuel ,l4 ,whitson1 ,solomon ,g4 ,engle1 ,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,lawrence1 ,harry ,kennedy1 ,richard ,h4 ,lytle1 ,mary ,s4 ,whelen1 ,layyah ,barakat1 ,charles ,p4 ,hastings1 ,isaac ,slack1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohl1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,rowland ,hill1 ,william ,koelle1 ,william ,e4 ,tatum ,isaac ,p4 ,miller ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes1 ,mary ,s4 ,wetherell1 ,elias ,h4 ,white1 ,dr4 ,william ,c4 ,stokes1 ,george ,s4 ,wetherell1 ,john ,smallzell1 ,william ,t4 ,w4 ,jester1 ,henry ,c4 ,cassel1 ,jacob ,hoffman1 ,mrs4 ,horace ,fassett1 ,albert ,oetinger1 ,john ,d4 ,hampton1 ,william ,f4 ,overman1 ,rev4 ,philip ,lamerdin1 ,charles ,mc,dole1 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,david ,sulzberger1 ,jonas ,g4 ,clemmer1 ,j4 ,albert ,koons1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,gormley1 ,susanna ,w4 ,lippincott1 ,george ,r4 ,meloney1 ,frank ,h4 ,longshore1 ,john ,a4 ,duncan4 ,joseph ,c4 ,noblit1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,e4 ,meyer1 ,visiting ,committee for the ,eastern ,state ,penitentiary3 ,john ,j4 ,lytle1 ,harry ,kennedy1 ,rev4 ,solomon ,g4 ,engle1 ,p4 ,h4 ,spellissy1 ,layyah ,barakat1 ,charles ,p4 ,hastings1 ,john ,h4 ,dillingham1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohl1 ,rev4 ,f4 ,h4 ,senft1 ,isaac ,slack1 ,william ,e4 ,tatum1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,rowland ,hill1 ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes1 ,mary ,s4 ,wetherell1 ,isaac ,p4 ,miller1 ,dr4 ,william ,c4 ,stokes1 ,george ,s4 ,wetherell1 ,elias ,h4 ,white1 ,william ,t4 ,w4 ,jester1 ,albert ,oetinger1 ,john ,smallzell1 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,henry ,c4 ,cassel1 ,jacob ,hoffman1 ,mrs4 ,horace ,fassett1 ,rev4 ,philip ,lamerdin1 ,john ,d4 ,hampton1 ,george ,r4 ,meloney1 ,david ,sulzberger1 ,susanna ,w4 ,lippincott1 ,joseph ,c4 ,noblit1 ,frank ,h4 ,longshore1 ,charles ,mc,dole1 ,rebecca ,p4 ,latimer1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,e4 ,meyer1 ,jonas ,g4 ,clemmer4 ,samuel ,l4 ,whitson1 ,charles ,h4 ,le,fevre1 ,visiting ,committee for the ,philadelphia ,county ,prison3 ,f4 ,j4 ,pooley1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,m4 ,stillwell1 ,george ,s4 ,wetherell1 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,william ,t4 ,w4 ,jester1 ,layyah ,barakat1 ,miss ,c4 ,v4 ,hodges ,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,lawrence1 ,john ,a4 ,duncan1 ,david ,sulzberger1 ,mrs4 ,horace ,fassett1 ,susanna ,w4 ,lippincott4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,e4 ,meyer1 ,mary ,s4 ,wetherell1 ,for the ,holmesburg ,prison3 ,f4 ,a4 ,pooley1 ,isaac ,slack1 ,david ,sulzberger4 ,layyah ,barakat1 ,for the ,chester ,county ,prison3 ,william ,scattergood1 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,for the ,delaware ,county ,prison3 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds4 ,for the ,western ,penitentiary and ,allegheny ,county ,prison3 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,gormley4 ,for the ,counties of the ,state at ,large3 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,gormley1 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,frederick ,j4 ,pooley1 ,layyah ,barakat4 ,for the ,house of ,correction3 ,f4 ,j4 ,pooley1 ,layyah ,barakat1 ,isaac ,slack4 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,david ,sulzberger1 ,,standing ,,committees ,,for #aijg4 ,on ,library3 ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohl1 ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes1 ,f4 ,j4 ,pooley4 ,on ,accounts3 ,charles ,p4 ,hastings1 ,albert ,oetinger1 ,john ,smallzell4 ,editorial ,committee3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes1 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,dr4 ,william ,c4 ,stokes4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohl1 ,joseph ,c4 ,noblit1 ,on ,membership in the ,acting ,committee3 ,dr4 ,william ,c4 ,stokes1 ,albert ,oetinger1 ,charles ,p4 ,hastings4 ,george ,s4 ,wetherell1 ,elias ,h4 ,white1 ,on ,finance3 ,george ,s4 ,wetherell1 ,david ,sulzberger1 ,william ,scattergood1 ,a4 ,j4 ,wright4 ,on ,employment of ,discharged ,prisoners3 ,isaac ,slack1 ,john ,d4 ,hampton1 ,mrs4 ,horace ,fassett1 ,albert ,oetinger1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,l4 ,duhring1 ,d4 ,d41 ,john ,a4 ,duncan1 ,william ,koelle1 ,frederick ,j4 ,pooley1 ,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,lawrence4 ,henry ,c4 ,cassel1 ,auditing ,committee3 ,joseph ,c4 ,noblit1 ,john ,h4 ,dillingham4 ,on ,police ,matrons in ,station ,houses3 ,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,lawrence1 ,dr4 ,emily ,j4 ,ingram1 ,mary ,s4 ,wetherell4 ,on ,prison ,sunday3 ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohl1 ,rev4 ,f4 ,h4 ,senft4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,l4 ,duhring1 ,d4 ,d41 ,rev4 ,philip ,lamerdin1 ,on ,legislation3 ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohl1 ,joseph ,noblit1 ,william ,scattergood4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,c4 ,meyer1 ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes1 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society4 ,exterior of ,office1 ,s4 ,w4 ,cor4 ,fifth and ,chestnut ,streets4 ,,journal ,,of ,,prison ,,discipline ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,twentieth ,,year #aghg ,,of #aijg ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society ,,annual ,,report ,,of ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,,general ,,secretary ,in submitting this1 my ,seventeenth ,annual ,report1 it is with renewed feelings of devout thankfulness to my ,heavenly ,father that ,he has spared my life through another year1 and given me the health and strength to perform a service so near and dear to my heart4 ,in one respect the work of the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society is unique4 ,besides the ,general ,secretary1 whose labors are confined chiefly to the ,eastern ,penitentiary1 and the ,agent for the ,county ,prison1 the ,society has an 8,acting ,committee0 of fifty members1 who by two legislative enactments have the rights of official visitors4 ,the first of these acts became operative in #ahbi4 ,this was supplemented by the act approved ,march #bj1 #aijc1 which is as follows3 ,,an ,,act ,to make active or visiting committees1 of societies incorporated for the purpose of visiting and instructing prisoners1 official visitors of penal and reformatory institutions4 ,,section ,i4 ,be it enacted1 etc41 ,that the active or visiting committee of any society heretofore incorporated and now existing in this ,commonwealth for the purpose of visiting and instructing prisoners1 or persons confined in any penal or reformatory institution1 and alleviating their miseries1 shall be and are hereby made official visitors of any jail1 penitentiary1 or other penal or reformatory institution in this ,commonwealth1 maintained at the public expense1 with the same powers1 privileges1 and functions as are vested in the official visitors of prisons and penitentiaries1 as now prescribed by law3 ,provided1 ,that no active or visiting committee of any such society shall be entitled to visit such jails or penal institutions1 under this act1 unless notice of the names of the members of such committee1 and the terms of their appointment1 is given by such society1 in writing1 under its corporate seal1 to the warden1 superintendent or other officer in charge of such jail1 or other officer in charge of any such jail or other penal institution4 ,approved--,the #bjth day of ,march1 ,a4 ,d4 #aijc4 ,,saml4 ,w4 ,,pennypacker4 ,the foregoing is a true and correct copy of the ,act of the ,general ,assembly ,no4 #dh4 ,,frank ,m4 ,,fuller1 ,secretary of the ,commonwealth4 ,,the ,,eastern ,,penitentiary ,under the rights thus conferred those members of the ,acting ,committee of the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society assigned to the ,eastern ,penitentiary visit prisoners in their cells4 ,it is found that this personal work of ,christian men and women is productive of good results4 ,in the privacy of the cell hearts and lives are laid open1 impressions are made1 resolutions are formed1 and changes are brought about that under a less personal and individual system of treatment would be well-nigh impossible4 ,the corridor for female prisoners is in charge of a matron1 and is regularly visited by women members of the ,acting ,committee4 ,during the past year ,i made over three hundred visits to the ,penitentiary2 and have had more than three thousand personal interviews with men4 ,those who need it receive a complete outfit of new clothing on their discharge4 ,but looking after the physical well-being of a man when he leaves ,i regard as the least important of my duties4 ,i ascertain what his past has been1 what his prospects are for the future1 and in what way he can be aided in carrying out the good resolutions he may have formed4 ,thus with good advice and helpful service the man is again given an opportunity to rehabilitate himself4 ,besides caring for those just discharged1 the ,general ,secretary and the ,agent of the ,county ,prison also extend aid to men who have been released for some time1 but who have failed to secure employment4 ,this is done at the relief station maintained near the ,penitentiary1 which is open every morning4 ,here men who are found to be really deserving are supplied with meal tickets1 lodging-room rent1 and goods to sell4 ,the total amount expended during the past year from the ,fund for ,discharged ,prisoners was #c1gie4ef4 ,tools were given to men to the amount of #fi4af4 ,as heretofore1 ,divine services were held in the different corridors each ,first ,day morning under the direction of the ,moral ,instructor1 the ,rev4 ,joseph ,welsh4 ,the speakers were supplied by the ,local ,preachers' ,association of the ,methodist ,episcopal ,church1 the ,protestant ,episcopal ,city ,mission1 and the ,lutheran ,city ,mission4 ,the ,sunday ,song ,services at #d ,p4 ,m4 by choirs from different churches1 arranged for by the ,rev4 ,h4 ,l4 ,duhring1 ,d4 ,d41 ,superintendent of the ,protestant ,episcopal ,city ,mission1 were continued during the year4 ,i am greatly indebted to all the officers and overseers of the ,penitentiary for their uniform courtesy and their valuable assistance in the prosecution of my work4 ,charles ,c4 ,church has proved himself to be an able and efficient warden1 to whose administrative ability and genial manner the discipline and good order of the institution are chiefly due4 ,from the ,annual ,report of the ,penitentiary ,i gather the following statistics3 ,,population ,white ,colored ,total ,males ,females ,males ,females ,remaining from #aije #hei #ac #beg #ac #a1adb ,committed during #aijf #cjc #h #aaa #i #dca ----- -- --- -- ----- ,total population #a1afb #ba #cfh #bb #a1egc ,discharged during #aijf #ccf #f #if #e #ddc ----- -- --- -- ----- ,remaining at the close of #aijf #hbf #ae #bgb #ag #a1acj ,,the ,,discharges ,,were ,,as ,,follows3 ,by ,commutation ,law #djf 8 ,order of ,court #g 8 ,department of ,justice #h 8 ,order of ,huntingdon ,reformatory #d 8 ,pardon #c 8 ,suicide #a ,died #ad ---- ,total #ddc ,average daily population1 #aijf #a1add ,largest number in confinement during year #a1age ,smallest number in confinement during year #a1ajc ,,tables ,,relating ,,to ,,the #dca ,,convicts ,,received ,,during #aijf4 7#a7 ,,school ,no4 of ,convicts4 ,attended public school #cdh 8 private school #h 8 public and private school #f ,never went to school #fi --- ,total #dca 7#b7 ,,education ,read and write #cab 8 8 8 imperfectly #ef ,illiterate #fc --- ,total #dca 7#c7 ,,trades ,number having trades #aei 8 8 no trades #bgb --- ,total #dca ,number idle at time of arrest #aaf 7#d7 ,,age ,,of ,,convicts ,age ,white ,colored ,total ,from #ae to #bj years #ca #ad #de 8 #ba 8 #be 8 #gd #cd #ajh 8 #bf 8 #cj 8 #fa #cf #ig 8 #ca 8 #ce 8 #ec #ad #fg 8 #cf 8 #dj 8 #ca #g #ch 8 #da 8 #de 8 #bf #f #cb 8 #df 8 #ej 8 #ae #c #ah 8 #ea 8 #ee 8 #aa #b #ac 8 #ef 8 #fj 8 #e #a #f 8 #fa 8 #fe 8 #b #a #c 8 #ff 8 #gj 8 #b #a #c ,above #gj years #a #a --- --- --- ,total #caa #abj #dca 7#e7 ,,convictions ,first ,conviction #bfh ,second 8 #ast time here #fc 8 8 #b;d 8 8 #ca ,third 8 #ast 8 8 #af 8 8 #b;d 8 8 #aa 8 8 #c;d 8 8 #h ,fourth 8 #ast 8 8 #h 8 8 #b;d 8 8 #d 8 8 #c;d 8 8 #a 8 8 #dth 8 8 #a ,fifth 8 #ast 8 8 #b 8 8 #b;d 8 8 #b 8 8 #c;d 8 8 #a 8 8 #dth 8 8 #b 8 8 #eth 8 8 #a ,sixth 8 #b;d 8 8 #c 8 8 #c;d 8 8 #b ,seventh 8 #b;d 8 8 #b 8 8 #fth 8 8 #b ,eighth 8 #eth 8 8 #a ,eleventh 8 #c;d 8 8 #a ,fifteenth 8 #gth 8 8 #a --- ,total #dca ,,parental ,,relations ,,at #af ,,years ,parents living #bie ,mother 8 #fe ,father 8 #ch ,parents dead #cc --- ,total #dca ,,conjugal ,,relations ,single #bed ,married #aeb ,widowed #be --- ,total #dca ,,number ,,having ,,children ,number having children #aab ,number of children #cja ,,nativity ,born in the ,united ,states #cdf ,foreign born #he --- ,total #dca ,of the foreign born1 naturalized #ca ,of the foreign born1 ,not naturalized #ed -- ,total #he ,,receptions ,,classified ,,as ,,to ,,districts ,received from ,manufacturing ,districts #afa 8 8 ,mining ,districts #gj 8 8 ,agricultural ,districts #bjj --- ,total #dca ,the following figures were gathered by the ,moral ,instructor1 the ,rev4 ,joseph ,welsh1 in his interviews with the prisoners admitted during the year3 ,total number received during the year #dca ,number who attended ,sunday ,school #bhf 8 8 8 ,church #bcb 8 8 were members of ,church #aeg 8 8 8 abstainers from use of liquor #fc 8 8 8 moderate users of liquor #aei 8 8 8 intemperate users of liquor #agj 8 8 8 users of tobacco #cef 8 8 gambled with cards #bi 8 8 8 on horse races #aa 8 8 visited immoral women #aeh 8 8 kept mistresses #b ,,the ,,philadelphia ,,county ,,prison ,this ,prison still keeps up its record as a well managed institution4 ,unfortunately1 the ,convict ,department at ,holmesburg is somewhat overcrowded1 and it is to be regretted that funds have not yet been provided by the ,city ,councils for additional corridors1 so that each man could be separately confined as the law provides4 ,it is admitted by the advocates both of the separate and of the congregate system1 that those awaiting trial should be strictly separated4 ,to place a first1 and especially a young offender1 with a hardened criminal1 simply means the production of another criminal1 and places the ,state itself in the position of committing a wrong against one of its own citizens4 ,frederick ,j4 ,pooley1 one of the ,secretaries of the ,society and ,agent at the ,county ,prison1 is more untiring than ever in his efforts for the betterment of those incarcerated in ,moyamensing1 at ,tenth and ,reed ,streets1 and in the ,new ,county ,jail 7,convict ,department71 at ,holmesburg4 ,he visits both institutions during five days in the week1 seeks to aid men temporally and morally1 is instrumental in having cases brought to speedy trial1 and in some cases even looks after the destitute families of prisoners4 ,at ,moyamensing1 women members of the ,acting ,committee also visit in the ,women's ,department4 ,during the year #aijf there were received at the ,county ,prison1 ,tenth and ,reed ,streets3 ,white males #ag1jhe 8 females #b1ahj ,black males #c1ajf 8 females #a1jje ,total committed1 #aijf #bc1cgf 8 discharged1 #aijf #bc1deb ,after trial many were sent to ,holmesburg4 ,,the ,,associated ,,committee ,,of ,,women ,,on ,,police ,,matrons ,the ,associated ,committee of ,women on ,police ,matrons in ,station ,houses meets monthly with three representatives from each of a number of the charitable associations of ,philadelphia4 ,on this ,committee1 the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society is represented by ,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,lawrence1 ,dr4 ,emily ,j4 ,ingram and ,mary ,s4 ,wetherell4 ,the following is the report of the ,committee for the past year3 ,the ,committee on ,police ,matrons held ten regular and one special meeting during the year ending ,december #ca1 #aijf4 ,the membership of this ,committee is now twenty-one women who represent seven societies1 namely1 the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society1 ,women's ,christian ,temperance ,union1 ,civic ,club1 ,new ,century ,club1 ,young ,women's ,christian ,association1 ,christian ,league1 and ,mothers' ,club4 ,the usual attendance is from eight to twelve members4 ,reports are received from all the ,matrons at each meeting4 ,there are twenty-two4 ,the fourteenth district 7,germantown7 was supplied with a ,matron in ,march1 #aijf4 ,the effort is made that each ,matron shall receive at least one visit a month4 ,the meeting of the ,conference of ,charities in ,philadelphia in ,may last brought us unusual interest in the work of ,police ,matrons elsewhere1 and we formed a permanent committee to secure knowledge of it in other cities1 and comparison of methods with them4 ,at several meetings of this year1 four ,matrons at a time were invited to meet with the ,committee1 and offer suggestions and state experiences requiring help and study4 ,the ,needle ,work ,guild coperates with the ,committee for supplying clothing to the ,matrons for their use with needy women and children under their care4 ,mrs4 ,fletcher1 our ,senior ,matron1 completed her twentieth year of service1 and was given a reception by the ,committee1 at which the ,directors and other officials were present4 ,in this time she has had #i1jjj women and #b1ijj children under her care4 ,the ,director of ,public ,safety1 ,robert ,mc,kenty1 has been especially interested in an effort to give personal help to erring women and girls1 and extends every facility for our communication with such1 by directing the ,lieutenants to coperate with our efforts to redeem them from disgrace and despair4 ,the numbers given in our reports are1 of course1 from twenty-two districts only4 ,there are fourteen others without ,matrons1 where many women and children are received4 ,we have been assured that a ,matron will be appointed in ,west ,philadelphia very soon1 and there is also a prospect of more effective systematic work in coperation and supervision of this branch of police administration4 ,,statistics 7,except as to totals and conditions when received1 statistics cannot be made absolutely accurate1 especially as to 8,nationality and ,disposal407 ,women under care from ,january1 #aijf1 to ,january1 #aijg #i1bie ,arrested #g1dge ,lost or seeking shelter #cgi ,mothers #b1hih ,intoxicated #c1fgi ,white #f1ejb ,colored #b1bhh ,disposals4 ,discharged with and without fines #b1jgd ,sent to ,reformatories #fgb ,house of ,correction #ibc ,county ,prison #b1bee ,americans #e1cbj ,foreigners #b1icd ,children under care from ,january1 #aijf1 to ,january1 #aijg #f1hci ,arrested #c1dag ,lost or ran away #b1hdf ,white #e1dig ,colored #fea ,brought with parents #dfh ,disposals4 ,sent home #d1fie ,s4 ,p4 ,c4 ,c4 and ,aid ,society #chg ,charities and ,reformatories #ddi ,house of ,detention and ,juvenile ,court #egb ,respectfully submitted1 ,,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,,lawrence4 ,,chester ,,county ,,prison ,william ,scattergood1 ,president of the ,board of ,inspectors1 makes weekly visits to this prison1 and reports it in good condition4 ,it is considered a model prison4 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 a member of the ,acting ,committee1 has also visited it during the year4 ,,county ,,prison ,,at ,,media ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds has visited this prison several times during the year1 and reports it a well conducted institution4 ,,allegheny ,,county ,mrs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,gormley1 ,superintendent of the ,prison and ,jail ,department of the ,w4 ,c4 ,t4 ,u41 is also a member of the ,acting ,committee of the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society1 and as such an official visitor to the penitentiaries1 county jails and reformatories of the ,commonwealth4 ,we are highly favored in having a member who is doing efficient work in the western part of the ,state4 ,,door ,,of ,,blessing ,this institution for discharged female prisoners was established and is under the supervision of ,mrs4 ,horace ,fassett1 who is an official visitor at the ,eastern ,penitentiary and the ,county ,prison4 ,she writes3 8,the ,door of ,blessing goes steadily on in its good work under its noble matron1 ,gertrude ,brown4 ,since ,january1 #aijf1 fifty women and four babies were sent there from our ,county ,prison1 the ,house of ,correction1 and the ,eastern ,penitentiary4 ,all of these were placed in situations in the country1 mostly on farms4 ,some have returned to go to better positions1 some have remained1 and very few have gone back to their old life4 ,the ,door of ,blessing is a home for these dear children in every sense of the word--a haven of rest and peace4 ,all love it and look forward to their afternoons out1 that they may go there and have supper with the matron and tell her of their joys and sorrows1 to which she listens with loving sympathy4 ,six women were sent to their homes1 their families being willing to receive them after a short stay at the ,door of ,blessing40 ,,home ,,of ,,industry ,this institution extends help to men discharged from the ,eastern ,penitentiary and the ,county ,prison4 ,it provides board and shelter for these1 gives them employment in broom-making1 for which they receive compensation1 and seeks to bring all who enter it under the saving power of the ,gospel4 ,the efficient ,superintendent is ,frank ,h4 ,starr1 who makes every effort to place men in situations when they leave the ,home4 ,,galilee ,,mission ,this is under the care of the ,protestant ,episcopal ,church4 ,a large number of men from the ,penitentiary and ,county ,prison have been sent there for meals and lodgings1 sometimes only for a few days1 and at other times for a week or two until they could obtain work4 ,,hope ,,hall1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,under ,,the ,,care ,,of ,,mrs4 ,,ballington ,,booth ,during the year a number of men have been sent to this place from the ,eastern ,penitentiary4 ,mrs4 ,booth always receives such with a warm welcome1 and often obtains good situations for them4 ,,prison ,,sunday ,in the early part of ,october1 #aijf1 the ,committee on ,prison ,sunday sent out a circular letter1 urging the observance of ,october #bast as ,prison ,sunday1 to thirty-three hundred ministers of the ,methodist ,episcopal1 the ,presbyterian1 the ,baptist1 the ,lutheran1 the ,protestant ,episcopal1 and the ,reformed ,churches in ,pennsylvania1 and to six hundred daily and weekly newspapers4 ,,from ,,the ,,minutes ,,memorials ,,of ,,deceased ,,members ,,george ,w4 ,,hall ,george ,w4 ,hall1 former member of the ,state ,legislature and of ,city ,councils1 a well-known financier1 and ,president of the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society1 passed away on ,december #ad1 #aijf1 in the #ggth year of his age4 ,he was a member of the ,franklin ,institute1 a director of the ,school of ,design for ,women1 a director of the ,home for ,feeble ,minded ,children at ,elwyn1 a member of the ,st4 ,andrew's ,society1 a trustee of the ,second ,presbyterian ,church1 and an inspector of the ,philadelphia ,county ,prison4 ,it seems proper that there should be a minute of record of one who for years has been an active member1 besides being a life member of the ,society4 ,he spent much time in looking after the welfare of the prisoners at the ,county ,prison1 ,tenth and ,reed ,streets1 and at ,holmesburg1 where he will be greatly missed4 ,may this minute be recorded and a copy sent to the surviving members of his family4 ,,rev4 ,,james ,,roberts1 ,d4 ,d4 ,rev4 ,james ,roberts1 ,d4 ,d41 was born at ,montrose1 ,scotland1 ,december #be1 #ahci4 ,he came to this country with his parents at an early age1 and was graduated from the ,princeton ,theological ,seminary in #ahfh4 ,his first charge was at ,coatesville1 ,pa41 where he remained until #ahhe1 when he took charge of the ,church at ,darby1 ,pa4 ,after remaining there ten years he accepted a call to ,lambertville1 ,n4 ,j4 ,on leaving this charge he became ,superintendent of the ,mercer ,home for ,aged and ,retired ,ministers1 which position he filled until called suddenly from earth on ,september #bg1 #aijf4 ,his genial1 affectionate ways widened the circle of his friends1 who were found among all classes4 ,it is with sincere sorrow that our ,society records the departure of another of its most honored members and ,second ,vice-,president4 ,resolved1 ,that this minute be entered on our records and a copy thereof with our sympathies be sent to the bereaved family4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society4 ,i close my report with the earnest wish that the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society may constantly widen its scope of operations and grow in efficiency and usefulness as it grows in years4 ,the work ,i have performed during not only the last1 but for many years1 has been very dear to my heart1 and ,i have felt that ,i have had an especial call to the service4 ,conscious1 however1 of my need continually of ,divine guidance in all that ,i have done in ,his name1 ,i have earnestly sought for that wisdom which will enable me to do all for ,him4 ,with sincere desire that ,i may be a humble instrument in ,his hands in winning souls unto ,christ1 this report is respectfully submitted4 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,general ,secretary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,joshua ,l4 ,baily was elected ,president of ,the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society at the annual meeting1 ,january1 #aijg4 ,his membership in the ,society dates from #ahea and he is the oldest member now living4 ,for a number of years he was a member of the ,acting ,committee and a regular visitor of the ,eastern ,penitentiary4 ,his great interest in prison discipline induced him1 some years ago1 to visit voluntarily all the penitentiaries in the ,atlantic ,states1 as well as some of those in the ,states of the ,central ,west1 and he visited also many of the ,county ,prisons in ,pennsylvania and other ,states4 ,his interest in correctional institutions was further shown by ten years' service on the ,board of ,managers of the ,house of ,refuge4 ,mr4 ,baily has been no less actively interested in charitable institutions1 having been for more than fifty years a manager of ,the ,philadelphia ,society for the ,employment and ,instruction of the ,poor1 of which he is now ,president4 ,he was one of the founders1 and for eighteen years the ,president of ,the ,philadelphia ,society for ,organizing ,charity4 ,he is also a member and manager of a number of other benevolent societies1 so that by reason of long experience1 in both correctional and charitable service1 ,mr4 ,baily comes to the ,presidency of the ,prison ,society well equipped for the duties devolving upon him4 ,although still engaged in mercantile business1 ,mr4 ,baily gives a large portion of his time1 as well as his means1 to benevolent purposes1 and devotes thereto a degree of vigor1 both mental and physical1 quite unusual in one of his advanced years4 ,,the ,,national ,,prison ,,congress ,,albany1 ,,new ,,york1 ,,september1 #ae-bj1 #aijf4 ,the ,national ,prison ,association met in its annual ,congress1 in the ,senate ,chamber of the ,state ,capitol1 at ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 on the evening of ,september #ae1 #aijf4 ,the meeting was called to order by the ,chairman of the ,local ,committee1 ,mr4 ,james ,f4 ,mc,elroy1 and prayer was offered by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,f4 ,wittaker1 ,d4 ,d41 pastor of the ,first ,presbyterian ,church4 ,the ,hon4 ,julius ,e4 ,mayer1 ,attorney-,general1 represented the ,governor in the address of welcome in behalf of the ,state1 and the ,mayor of ,albany1 the ,hon4 ,charles ,h4 ,gans1 spoke for the city4 ,the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,frederick ,howard ,wines made the response1 in which he dwelt in reminiscent vein on some of his experiences since the first meeting of the ,association1 and spoke especially of the leading men who were connected with it during its early history4 ,dr4 ,wines advocated three reforms3 #a1 the abolition of the 8sweating0 or 8third-degree0 system1 which he called an outrage on the rights of prisoners2 #b1 the reorganization of the jury system1 so that juries could no longer be selected by the 8,gang0 for the express purpose of defeating justice2 and #c1 the dismissing of small misdemeanants on their own recognizance1 instead of crowding the jails with these4 ,dr4 ,wines then introduced the ,president of the ,association1 the ,hon4 ,cornelius ,v4 ,collins1 ,superintendent of ,prisons of ,new ,york ,state4 ,,president',s ,,address ,mr4 ,collins1 after alluding briefly to the purposes and work of the ,association1 rehearsed the part his own ,state had taken in the development of plans for the scientific treatment of criminals4 ,having traced the successive steps in prison reform1 in which he showed that ,new ,york ,state had taken the lead1 he said3 8,public sentiment has always called for the education and training of the young4 ,how much more important and of what inestimable value is the saving of the adult4 ,situated as we are here1 at the gateway of the republic1 we admit at ,ellis ,island more than a million new people each year4 ,vital statistics in ,new ,york ,city gave #ei1jjj births last year1 only #aa1jjj of which were of ,american parentage4 ,austria1 ,russia and ,italy each sent us #bjj1jjj immigrants last year4 ,what is more natural than that many of them1 wholly unacquainted with our country1 our language and our laws1 should in their first effort at living in the land of liberty run counter to our laws and find their way to prison4 ,surely they do come1 and the number is constantly increasing4 ,there are now #ab1jjj convicts in the prisons of this ,state1 made up largely from this cosmopolitan army of ignorance and superstition4 ,this is the problem we have to solve in ,new ,york ,state1 and while it is no doubt a fact that our ,state will always have more than others1 it is nevertheless true that every ,state in the ,union will have this class of prisoners to deal with in increasing numbers as time goes on40 ,superintendent ,collins detailed the good that followed the separation and classification of prison inmates into groups or grades and the training of the mental faculties through the plan of education in vogue in ,new ,york ,state prisons4 ,the labor and industrial training provided in connection with mental training was spoken of and a plea was made for the indeterminate sentence4 ,in conclusion ,superintendent ,collins made a timely argument in favor of a reform in county jails4 ,in this connection he said3 8,we who are familiar with the facts know that many convicts are received at the prisons who are morally poisoned and contaminated while awaiting trial in the jails by the intimate association with confirmed and degraded criminals which is permitted in these institutions4 ,this is especially true of the younger class of offenders1 who come to the jail having respect for authority and dread of confinement4 ,at no period of their penal term are they so susceptible to external influences4 ,if at this period a practical reformatory influence is exerted upon them1 their correction can in most cases be accomplished1 but if they are left in idleness and subject to the evil influences of degraded companions their respect for law is soon destroyed1 and they become hardened and defiant and accept the theories and ambitions of the confirmed criminals as their own4 ,thus the man who enters jail in such condition that proper treatment would readily turn him from his criminal course often reaches the prison a most discouraging subject for its reformatory system4 8,for the interest of society1 as well as the protection of young offenders1 the jail system should be corrected4 ,the jail buildings are improved and the prisoners are better fed than they were fifty years ago2 otherwise the system remains practically the same4 ,its conspicuous defects still exist4 ,no chain is stronger than its weakest link2 the extensive schemes of penal administration in the several ,states have their fatally weak part in their jails4 ,genuine and effective organization in the ,united ,states for the salvation of criminals and alleged criminals must take heed of these facts1 which are notorious4 8,may ,i now suggest that a committee1 to be called1 if you please1 the ,committee on ,plan and ,scope1 be appointed at this session of the ,prison ,congress to consider the following recommendations3 8,first4 ,a rational and uniform system of jail administration4 8,second4 ,a uniform system of education for prison officers4 8,third4 ,a uniform system of education for convicts4 8,fourth4 ,so far as possible1 a uniform system of prison discipline4 8,fifth4 ,a uniform system of classification4 8,sixth4 ,a uniform system of parole1 and a careful consideration of all other matters that in their judgment would tend to make further reforms in the treatment of the criminal classes4 8,this committee to make a report of their conclusions at the session of #aijg40 ,the ,congress1 deeply impressed by ,mr4 ,collins' recommendations1 subsequently appointed a strong committee to report at the next meeting on the jail system in the ,united ,states4 ,,sunday1 ,,september #af,,th ,,morning ,the ,conference ,sermon was preached by the ,rt4 ,rev4 ,william ,crosswell ,doane1 ,d4 ,d41 ,,ll4 ,d41 ,bishop of the ,diocese of ,albany1 in the ,cathedral of ,all ,saints1 where the delegates attended in a body4 ,the ,bishop's text was ,matt4 #be3cf1 8,i was in prison and ye came unto me40 ,he said in part3 8,almost by an instinctive impulse these words come first to the mind of the preacher at such a service1 and by a striking and happy coincidence this service falls upon the ,sunday when our ,book of ,common ,prayer appoints for the second morning lesson the chapter which ends with this intense expression of our ,lord1 containing1 ,i think1 the seed principle upon which the noble work of this ,association was founded and has been carried on4 ,last year the preacher took the earthly ministry of our dear divine ,lord as the pattern of this work1 #8,who went about doing good4' 8,i am only supplementing and carrying along the line of his thought when ,i ask you to think of the divine ,master as giving not the pattern only1 but the principle of your work4 ,there is no contradiction in the double presentation of our ,lord's personality along this as along so many other lines4 ,he is so essentially by ,his incarnation in our human nature that we bring ,him to those to whom we minister in ,his name and find ,him in those to whom we bring ,him4 ,and in either of these sides the truth is set forth and enforced that the object of all ,christian service1 whether it be the work of ,christianity in religious teaching1 or the work of ,christianity in the administration of civic affairs1 is not the violent denunciation or vindictive infliction of punishment upon a sinner1 but the offer of help and the opportunity of reform4 ,the ,prison ,reform ,association may well claim that it describes and expresses in its name the purpose for which in ,christian lands prisons exist4 #8,he came not to condemn the world1 but to save it4' #8,the ,son of ,man has come to seek and save the lost4' 8,curiously enough1 whatever technical differences may lie in the use of the various words prison and gaol and reformatory1 there is one that stands out as having in its root meaning the very thought of that on which we are dwelling1 because the penitentiary is certainly the place where men are led and drawn1 through real penitence1 to seek and find pardon and peace4 8,i am not losing sight of the purpose of imprisonment both to stamp crime as crime and to protect society from the criminal4 ,i am only advocating the thought of reform for which this ,association stands4 ,if a man is a murderer condemned to die1 then there is the overwhelming duty and responsibility of bringing him to repentance1 that he may die forgiven4 ,if he is serving a sentence indeterminate or for a fixed time1 then surely the influence and effort of prison discipline must be not to harden him into sullen hatred of law and of all that the law stands for1 not in a harbored purpose to revenge himself in some way1 when once he is free1 upon the society which has condemned him2 but to waken in him such a sense of shame as shall force him back to the possibility of self-respect1 and bring him to that point of realized wrong by means of which he shall #8come to himself4' ,that is the ,master's own description of the prodigal son4 ,far as he had strayed from his father's house1 he had strayed farther from his real self1 the self of his innocent childhood1 the self of his home and surroundings1 the self of his true nature1 and it was when the true man wakened in him that1 coming first to himself1 he came next to his father's house4 8,in this recognition of the criminal's sin there must be enforced the discipline of penalty1 and of penalty as punishment1 but it must be carefully dealt with1 so as in no sense to convey the thought of retribution or of vindictive retaliation4 ,the strides of progress which have been made in the last century and a half under the methods of such real reformers as ,howard and ,wines 7whom1 as a boy1 ,i remember very well71 and ,elizabeth ,fry and ,dorothy ,dix1 have1 among other things1 set the stamp of this idea in the fact that capital punishment1 which used to be inflicted for many crimes1 is reserved to the one for which it was divinely ordered1 and from which1 ,i trust1 it will never be taken away1 namely1 the sin of shedding another's blood4 ,meanwhile1 more and more1 in the selection of wardens1 in the appointment of chaplains1 in the abolition of the fearful cruelties of physical torture1 in the decent sanitation of prisons1 we have grown more and more to realize that the condemned criminal is to be treated as a man who needs protection1 systematic discipline1 the training of the prison1 to protect him from himself1 to put into him the purpose and set before him the possibility of a better life1 rather than to humiliate and crush him into desperation and despair4 ,it is quite true that no amount of legislation and no method of enforcing laws can make a man moral1 but it is also true that the law which defines and punishes sin deters men from the commission of crime1 and when the criminal is condemned and sentenced and his punishment begins1 only the power of religion can reach him to convince him of his sin1 to convert him from his habits1 to reach the motives of his life1 to change the tendency of his will1 to form in him new habits1 to give him the spiritual help by which his conscience may be enlightened and his character changed4 8,and there are certain human1 natural1 physical reasons for the right attitude to the convicted criminal which more than warrant us in assuming it as the groundwork and motive of our dealings with him4 ,it is told1 ,i think of an ,english bishop1 seeing a criminal drawn in a tumbril to execution on ,ludgate ,hill1 in ,london1 that he said1 #8,there go ,i but for grace4' ,somehow ,i know it is true that now and then men whose lives have been surrounded from childhood up to the very moment of their fall with the best influences1 suddenly lapse into great sin4 ,we have instances in the last year which have startled and staggered communities1 men in places of trust who have betrayed it1 and have either been flung down from the position of confidence and honor or fallen themselves1 and found in flight or in suicide the fatal termination of what has seemed to be a career of honorable service4 ,i am bound to say a word even for these4 ,i believe the vindictive personalities which have assailed some of these men are in some cases absolutely unjust4 8,there ought to be1 thank ,god1 there is1 more and more in the great movements in our cities1 a strong1 set effort of prevention1 which is far better than cure4 ,the prisons will be emptier when we have reached the root and reason of crime4 ,if we can control the use of liquor and stop at least its excess2 if we can stamp out the curse of drunkenness2 if we can more and more arrest the degradation of our slums2 if we can train up a race of children in surroundings of physical healthfulness1 of moral decency and dignity2 and still better1 if we can instil into them from earliest childhood the principles and pattern of ,jesus ,christ1 we shall have begun1 at the right end1 the restoration and the reformation of humanity4 ,meanwhile1 until all these movements have ripened into some result1 it becomes us to remember from what sources and in what surroundings the grown-up criminal has come2 to realize how far we1 by our neglect and indifference1 have been responsible for them2 and to reach out the helping hand of deep sympathy and pity in the effort to reclaim1 to restore and to reform4 8,the great revealed truth of universal redemption is full of grace and help4 ,still more1 the truth of individual indwelling of the ,christ in us1 the hope of glory4 ,it is true that in a way this is a doctrine1 a dogma1 as people say who think of a dogma as a tyrannical imposition upon their intellectual liberty2 but it is truer still that1 like many another thing which we call dogma1 it is a fact on which depends not merely our holding right faith in ,jesus ,christ as the ,god-man1 but on which also depend the method and the hope and the value of our dealing with humanity at large or with the individual man4 ,it has in it besides the very highest human hope possible for you and me1 that in the great day of eternal decision there shall be for us who have recognized ,jesus in those to whom we ministered here the full revelation and manifestation of ,his glorious ,god-head1 with the word of #8well done' and welcome into #8the kingdom prepared for us from the foundation of the world4'0 ,,evening ,at many churches of the city various phases of the work of the ,association were presented by delegates to the ,congress4 ,at the ,cathedral ,mr4 ,thomas ,m4 ,osborne1 ,president of the ,george ,junior ,republic1 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y41 spoke on 8,the ,true ,foundations of ,prison ,reform02 ,mr4 ,george ,b4 ,wellington1 of ,troy1 on 8,the ,duty ,that ,we ,owe the ,convict02 and ,prof4 ,henderson1 of ,chicago1 on 8,preventive ,work with ,children40 ,the latter maintained that the proper training of a child to keep it from becoming a criminal began before it was born4 ,crime was not a heritage1 but criminal tendencies sometimes were4 ,judge ,lindsay1 the great enthusiast in behalf of children1 had said that the ,juvenile court was organized to keep children out of jail1 but that now the problem was to keep children out of the ,juvenile court4 ,the problem is to get back to childhood1 back to infancy4 ,babyhood determined whether there should be a large or a small criminal class4 ,place the child from earliest infancy into such a physical environment and under such mental and spiritual influences as will produce the habit of right living4 ,,monday1 ,,september #ag ,,morning ,the meeting was called to order by ,president ,collins and opened with prayer by the ,rev4 ,thomas ,d4 ,anderson4 ,after the appointment of committees and other routine business1 the ,wardens' ,association went into session4 ,in the absence of the ,president1 ,mr4 ,n4 ,n4 ,jones1 ,iowa ,state ,prison1 ,fort ,madison1 his address was read by ,mr4 ,frank ,l4 ,randall1 ,minnesota1 who had been called to the chair4 ,the paper was a compact statement of the warden's relation to current prison reform4 ,with reference to prison labor it showed how small a portion of the total product is contributed by prisoners4 ,regarding the relation of discipline to reformation1 the writer said3 8,discipline is the medium through which all reform becomes effective4 ,the attitude of the warden toward reform should be sympathetic and receptive40 ,a paper on 8,prison ,labor10 by the ,hon4 ,john ,t4 ,mc,donough1 ,ex-,secretary of ,state1 was listened to with considerable interest1 because ,mr4 ,mc,donough1 as a member of the ,constitutional ,convention of #ahid1 had much to do with framing the constitutional amendment wiping out the contract labor system and prohibiting the sale of prison-made goods in the open market4 ,under the present laws of ,new ,york no work can be done by convicts in competition with outside labor4 ,whatever is made in the prisons of the ,state must 8be disposed of to the ,state or any political division thereof1 or for or to any public institution owned or managed and controlled by the ,state1 or any political division thereof40 ,at the same time every inmate of the several ,state prisons1 penitentiaries1 jails1 and reformatories in the ,state1 who is physically able1 must be set to work4 ,by a strong array of figures and apparently favorable comparisons ,mr4 ,mc,donough undertook to demonstrate the merits and success of the new system4 ,in replying to the paper1 ,dr4 ,barrows maintained that in spite of the law several thousand prisoners in the jails and penitentiaries of the ,state are supported in idleness4 ,mr4 ,john ,e4 ,van ,de ,carr1 ,superintendent of the ,new ,york ,city ,reformatory of ,misdemeanants1 on ,hart's ,island1 read a paper in which he gave an account of said institution and its work4 ,this reformatory1 which is the only one in the ,united ,states solely for misdemeanants1 is the child of ,greater ,new ,york's charter4 ,by that charter it became the duty of the ,commissioner of ,correction 8to cause all criminals and misdemeanants under his charge to be classified as far as practicable1 so that youthful and less hardened offenders shall not be rendered more depraved by association with and the example of the older and more hardened10 and 8to set apart one or more of the penal institutions in his department for the custody of such youthful offenders40 ,by an act of the ,legislature1 passed in #aijd1 the charter of the reform school on ,hart's ,island was amended1 and the institution was continued and known after ,january #a1 #aije1 as 8,the ,new ,york ,city ,reformatory of ,misdemeanants40 ,to this 8any male person between the ages of sixteen and thirty1 after conviction by a magistrate or court in the city of ,new ,york of any charge1 offense1 misdemeanor1 or crime1 other than a felony1 may be committed for reformatory treatment40 ,the time of such imprisonment1 which must not exceed three years1 but must continue at least three months1 is terminated by the ,board of ,parole1 which consists of nine commissioners who serve without compensation for a term of one year4 ,the first three rules under the system by means of which an inmate may work out his release on parole 7which is determined by merit marks based on demeanor1 labor1 and study7 are as follows3 #a4 ,all inmates enter the ,new ,york ,city ,reformatory of ,misdemeanants in the second grade4 #b4 ,if such inmate shall obtain #ijj merit marks he shall thereafter enter the first or highest grade4 #c4 ,if such inmate shall violate any rules of the ,reformatory1 or shall in any way be disobedient or ungovernable1 he shall be reduced to the third or lowest grade2 and no such inmate shall renter the second grade unless he shall have obtained #cjj merit marks4 ,when an inmate is eligible for release on parole1 and is so recommended by the superintendent1 he is placed on parole in charge of a parole officer for a period of six months1 provided he has a home to go to1 or employment whereby he can become self-sustaining4 ,should he violate his parole at any time1 the ,board of ,parole has power to revoke the same and cause his rearrest and reimprisonment as if said parole had not been ordered4 ,to make the system effective1 the spiritual welfare of the inmates is faithfully cared for by the ,catholic1 ,protestant1 and ,hebrew chaplains of the ,department of ,correction2 mental training is provided for by a teacher from the ,board of ,education2 and six different trade-schools furnish industrial instruction4 ,the results so far have proved very satisfactory1 the conduct of over eighty-three per cent4 of those paroled being reported as satisfactory4 8,our experience has already convinced us10 declares the superintendent1 8that the modern ideas on this subject are purely scientific1 and not sentimental1 and that many sent to prison should first be placed in some reformatory where the class of institution in which they should justly be detained could safely be determined4 ,we also feel that it may become necessary to extend the minimum term of three months to a longer period4 ,a sentence is really not reformatory if the minimum is three months2 at least the reformation is but temporary4 ,permanent reformation requires the teaching of a trade1 and a trade cannot be learned in that time1 although we have accomplished surprising results in that period4 ,to secure the greatest good to the boy1 the trades taught should be those that are best paid1 namely1 the building trades40 ,,afternoon ,the principal address of the afternoon was by ,mr4 ,warren ,f4 ,spalding1 ,secretary of the ,massachusetts ,prison ,association1 on 8,principles and ,purposes of ,probation40 ,he said in part3 8,the probation system is the natural outgrowth of modern theories regarding the treatment of lawbreakers4 ,the acceptance of the proposition that the ,state should reform and reclaim the offender led to the establishment of reformatories4 ,later it was realized that some might reform without imprisonment1 even in a reformatory1 and the probation officer became their supervisor and custodian4 ,his functions are to investigate cases and report regarding past offenses1 if any2 general character1 home1 dependents1 etc41 and the probability of reformation without imprisonment1 and he must visit probationers and help them in the work of self-reformation4 8,probation is better than imprisonment for suitable cases1 because it saves the offender from the prison stigma1 while it keeps him under restraint1 controlling his companionships1 compelling him to work and support those dependent upon him4 8,the probation officer has custodial as well as supervisory powers1 and may surrender the probationer for misbehavior4 ,probation turns the attention of its subject to the future rather than the past4 ,punishment deals with one past act4 ,probation deals with the future--with the establishment of character4 ,it puts the emphasis upon what the probationer must do1 not upon what he has done4 8,probation as a means of securing reformation has an excellent record4 ,punishment has failed in a great proportion of its cases4 ,it is only reasonable that the records of the two systems shall be compared4 ,if the law of the survival of the fittest is to prevail in this domain1 it is certain that the use of probation is destined for increase1 and the use of imprisonment to decrease1 as a method of dealing with those who have broken the laws4 ,it will be adopted more and more generally because it succeeds1 while imprisonment will be more generally abandoned because it fails40 ,papers were also read by ,mr4 ,h4 ,f4 ,coates1 ,alliance1 ,ohio1 on 8,probation for ,first ,offenders10 and by ,samuel ,j4 ,barrows1 ,new ,york1 on 8,the ,organization of ,probation ,work40 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,phelps-,stokes1 ,new ,york1 spoke on 8,the ,justice of ,probation40 ,charlton ,t4 ,lewis once said3 8,we are not dealing with acts1 but with actors2 not with crimes1 but with the men who have committed them40 ,a man is largely the creature of environment4 ,too often we overlook the fact that crime is not always chargeable to the individual1 but to his surroundings4 ,if punishment is to be just1 we must know that he who is punished is justly punished4 ,some of the prolific causes of a criminal career are evil associates1 street training1 and bad homes4 ,do we ask as we should1 whether those now in prison had such favorable surroundings as the reputable portion of society8 ,how many children grow up without proper home training6 ,their parents must go out to hard work to the neglect of the children4 ,there is no play for the child except under evil influences2 and in ,new ,york alone there are #he1jjj children deprived of the benefits of a public school education because of deficient school accommodations4 ,among those who can go to school1 truancy is not uncommon4 ,the recreation which every child needs is found by many in saloons1 dance halls1 cheap theatres1 and other demoralizing places4 ,the stress of hard work and long hours also makes it impossible for many parents to care properly for their children4 ,do we wonder that under such circumstances only harmful influences come to them8 ,punishment is just only in proportion to culpability2 and yet how many have no opportunity to learn what is right or wrong6 ,the conditions to which first offenders are subjected in many prisons are simply appalling4 ,hundreds are thrown in with the vilest beings and the most hardened criminals1 and are1 in addition1 obliged in the majority of prisons to endure a living death by reason of the most unsanitary surroundings4 ,it is horrible to sentence a man1 woman or child1 not only to moral degradation1 but to a physical death as well4 ,imprisonment as a corrective and deterrent is a failure4 ,punishment can have but two justifications3 the correction of the offender1 and the protection of society4 ,probation1 on the other hand1 at least results in making one refrain from such criminal acts as will send him to prison4 ,,evening ,the speaker of the evening was ,mrs4 ,maud ,ballington ,booth1 of the ,volunteers of ,america1 who delivered a most eloquent and sympathetic address on 8,the ,hopeful ,side of ,prison ,work40 ,mrs4 ,booth began her work among 8her boys0 behind the bars ten years ago1 at the time of the division in the ,salvation ,army1 which resulted in the formation of the ,volunteers of ,america4 ,to-day she is everywhere known among prisoners and ex-convicts as 8,the ,little ,mother40 ,mrs4 ,booth said in part3 8,i am not here to instruct wardens and chaplains1 nor have ,i come to represent myself1 but the work of the organization for which ,i stand4 ,i see before me another audience to-night1 namely1 those behind the bars4 ,all ,i know regarding this work is from within the walls1 and ,i speak1 therefore1 from the standpoint of the prisoner4 ,i was always told that the task with criminals was a hopeless one1 but ,i have learned to know better4 ,people who talk like that have never been behind the walls of a prison4 ,the theorist looks upon convicts as men who are generally unredeemable4 ,not so the wardens and chaplains and other prison workers1 who have had practical experience4 ,no man or woman would be any good among prisoners without hope4 ,where there is life there is hope4 ,i do not forget the crime or the stain1 and am not a sentimentalist regarding the reformation of criminals2 but ,i firmly believe that no one has fallen so low as to be absolutely beyond redemption4 ,many of those behind the bars have from earliest childhood never known anything of human or divine love2 but have only been cuffed about in the world4 ,bring these the touch of sympathy1 and tell them something of the ,father's love and of the ,saviour's power to save1 and you again bring hope into their lives4 ,this must be the foundation of our work within the prison2 and where those who have served their time come out1 it is love again--mother love1 if you please--that must direct their course4 ,in dealing with the convict1 our first endeavor must be to enkindle new hope within his heart2 and toward the ex-convict the public must assume a better attitude4 ,finally1 if we leave ,god out we shall not succeed40 ,,tuesday1 ,,september #ah ,,morning ,this day of the ,congress had been set apart by the ,new ,york ,state ,prison ,department for an excursion to beautiful ,lake ,george4 ,at #h4cj o'clock over three hundred delegates left ,albany by special train4 ,on arrival at ,lake ,george the steamer ,horicon was boarded1 and after a sail of several hours on the lake1 the excursionists were landed at 8,the ,sagamore10 where a basket luncheon was served1 after which the meeting of the ,chaplains' ,association was held1 the ,rev4 ,william ,j4 ,batt1 ,d4 ,d41 of the ,massachusetts ,state ,reformatory1 in the chair4 ,after a brief paper by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,e4 ,edgin1 ,chaplain of the ,indiana ,state ,reformatory1 ,jeffersonville1 on 8,soul-,winning in a ,reformatory10 and an address by ,prof4 ,edward ,everett ,hale1 the president introduced ,mr4 ,joseph ,f4 ,scott1 of the ,elmira ,reformatory1 whose admirable paper on 8,the ,chaplain from the ,warden's ,point of ,view10 we here reproduce in full3 8,because prisoners are men1 they have the same impulses1 motives1 hopes1 and aspirations1 and are susceptible to the same influences and amenable to the same forces as other men1 though possibly in a less degree4 ,because some men are prisoners they need the same inspiration1 faith1 strength1 and courage that other men find themselves in need of4 8,in the prison of which ,i am superintendent1 there are burglars1 pickpockets1 and thieves of every description4 ,there is no law on the statute books that has not its offenders there1 and they are thought of and spoken of by people in general as such4 ,but when the parents of one of these write me1 they say1 #8,my son'2 or if the brother or sister write1 they say1 #8,my brother'2 and ,i believe if it were possible for me to hear the words of the ,father in ,heaven1 concerning one of these1 they would be1 #8,my son1' or the words of ,jesus1 #8,my brother4' ,should not our words be the same8 8,if ,i had a son of my own ,i should insist upon such rules of diet1 sleep1 and exercise as would insure to him a healthful body and a good constitution1 such education1 necessary to a well-disciplined mind1 such works or pursuits to assure success in life2 such disciplinary and moral training as would build up a stable character2 all to the end that his place in life would be that of a useful citizen4 ,the need of the prisoner and the prison discipline brought to bear upon him need be nothing more1 and should be nothing less than this4 ,he needs physical development1 mental quickening1 industrial training1 discipline and moral instruction1 if he is to be returned to society a self-sustaining and useful citizen2 and no prison is doing its proper work that does not in some way afford means for these essential elements of discipline4 8,the moral instruction is the especial work of the prison chaplain1 and he should be given that freedom of action and breadth of scope to make his work efficient4 ,i believe that ,christianity is the greatest moral force in the lives of men to-day1 because it has humanity as the basis of its ethics4 ,it has come down through the years as a forming1 transforming and reforming force in the lives of men1 and ,i believe it is to go on through the ages until selfishness shall have been uprooted1 and men brought closer and closer together2 when we shall love our neighbor and be willing to work for him as for ourselves1 and will do unto others as we would be done by2 when we shall live in one great fraternal organization2 when wars1 and robberies1 and strife shall cease and poverty shall be no more2 when the strong shall carry the burden of the weak1 and succor the unfortunate1 and men will live together in brotherly love1 under a ,christian socialism or in the ,new ,jerusalem1 or such designation as you may please to give it4 ,this force1 which has accomplished and is to accomplish so much for the world1 we cannot deny a place in transforming the lives and characters of prisoners1 to that of upright living4 8,the prison chaplain1 in his work among prisoners1 should thoroughly believe that these great ,christian forces which have done so much for the world are applicable to the men under his charge and are as efficient in their lives as in the lives of other men2 and any ,christian clergyman1 desirous of helping his fellow men and entering into the service of the ,lord and humanity1 and of placing himself where he can do the most good1 should not hesitate to accept a prison chaplaincy2 and a call to such a place should be in his mind equal to the call to one of the best churches in the land4 8,it is not my purpose to give a detailed outline for the work of a prison chaplain4 ,no two men can perhaps be successful and do their work in the same way2 but every person connected with the prison1 be he superintendent1 warden1 or chaplain1 or other officer1 should seek every inspiration and good example and ideal within his possibilities1 and then simply be his natural self in dealing with the prisoners' needs4 8,when ,i was superintendent of the ,massachusetts ,reformatory at ,concord1 it was the custom there to avail ourselves of the services of the students from ,andover ,theological ,seminary4 ,one student1 fresh from his work in the seminary1 came into my office one day and asked me what he should do in the prison4 ,i told him that if ,i were to get some one to do what ,i wanted done1 ,i would probably get some one else1 but that ,i expected him to go into prison1 mingle freely with the prisoners1 and find something1 some place where he thought he could be of use to them1 and give those qualities in himself that he thought would be of the most help4 ,and that is what ,i would say to a prison chaplain entering the work4 ,where one is strong another may be weak1 and each should work along those lines where he himself feels that he can do the greatest good4 ,the compensation of a prison chaplain should be sufficient to command the services of clergymen of high attainments1 and to support themselves and families in a comfortable way4 ,and never should a chaplaincy be looked upon as a place for a broken-down clergyman1 or one who has failed in other fields of activity4 ,the chaplain should be given1 as ,i have previously said1 sufficient latitude and freedom of action in the prison to carry on the work in such lines as he himself feels that he can be of the greatest service4 ,therefore1 the superintendent1 or warden1 should not place upon the chaplain such routine duties as will interfere with his doing this4 ,it is recognized by all that the ,sabbath is the special day for the chaplain's work4 ,i believe that we should go further than this1 and set aside to him some portion of each day for such religious work as he deems best4 ,he should not be burdened with such work as supervising inmates' correspondence1 the library1 teaching school1 or the many routine duties which are foisted upon him in many instances1 unless he feels that they may be avenues through which he may do his best work4 8,if there was one injunction of the ,saviour which has given more impetus to ,christianity in the world than another1 it was ,his last1 #8,go ye1 therefore1 and teach all nations1' or1 as found in the other gospel1 #8,go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature4' ,i believe this injunction is especially applicable to prisoners1 and that the chaplain1 first of all1 should be a teacher1 and his intercourse with the prisoners should be in the form of teaching4 ,most prisoners are without the truth1 and they need to be instructed in the truth1 and my experience is that most of them are desirous of learning the truth4 ,and ,i believe that no chaplain ever failed to interest or impress prisoners when he preached to them a sermon teaching them the simple gospel4 ,i have never failed to see1 in a prison chapel1 the attention of the men arrested by the simple reading of the gospel1 or anything pertaining to the life or teachings of ,jesus ,christ1 or the explanation1 by the chaplain1 of what those simple truths and teachings consist in4 ,i believe that any chaplain makes a mistake when he goes before his congregation of prisoners with other subjects than the simple gospel1 if he thinks thereby to awaken greater interest in other ways4 8,phillips ,brooks1 when he used to visit the institution at ,concord1 it was said1 never varied his sermons one jot or tittle in presenting them to the prisoners of that reformatory1 than in giving them to his cultured congregation in ,trinity ,church1 and he never failed to instruct1 impress1 and move his congregation of prisoners as no other man to whom ,i ever listened4 ,and that leads me to the point that ,i believe that all religious services in a prison should be carried through with the same care on the part of the clergyman1 and with the same dignity with which he would conduct the services in any church4 ,the ritual of the church service always appeals to prisoners4 ,the services of the mass1 or the ritual of the synagogue1 never fail in receiving the reverent attention of the devotees of those faiths2 and my observation is that prisoners always respond to those services in which they themselves are largely participants4 ,congregational singing1 responsive readings1 repetition of ,psalms and the ,lord's ,prayer are usually entered into with interest and satisfaction4 8,the prison chaplain should be keen in his appreciation of human nature1 in dealing with the individual prisoner1 that he may see the good that exists in each prisoner with whom he comes in contact1 and work upon that side of his character4 ,humanity is much alike the world over4 ,race and condition have not so much influence upon the characteristics as we sometimes believe4 ,in the modern ,american prison will be found prisoners from nearly every nationality under the sun4 ,their methods of evil are about the same1 and they all respond to the same influences1 and are actuated by the same motives1 each as the other2 and the prison chaplain who has learned this1 and has learned that there is always something in every prisoner which he can draw out and develop1 is well on the road to successful dealing with them4 ,it is not so much the work of the superintendent1 warden1 or chaplain1 to make over a man into something else1 as it is to develop him along the lines of his better self4 8,when the ,saviour called the fishermen1 ,peter and ,andrew1 to be his disciples1 he did not say to them1 #8,follow me1 and ,i will make you into great orators1 or great preachers1' but1 #8,i will make you fishers of men4' ,so1 when we approach the prisoner1 we should not ask him to be something different from himself1 but should try to bring out and develop his better self2 by holding before his vision the ideal ,man1 which is ,jesus1 and the ideal society1 which is ,christianity in its perfection40 ,,evening ,the evening session was again held in the ,senate ,chamber of the ,capitol4 ,the first address was made by ,mr4 ,frederick ,g4 ,pettigrove1 ,chairman of the ,massachusetts ,board of ,prison ,commissioners1 on 8,what a ,central ,system ,may ,do to ,promote the ,efficiency of ,prison ,methods40 8,a world-famous essayist and statesman said that a complete theory of government would be a noble present to mankind1 but he added1 it is a present that one could neither hope nor pretend to offer4 ,we are forced to remember this limitation when we examine the various systems of prison government and attempt to suggest remedies for the deficiencies in them4 ,i shall try to show that in whatever way the prisons are governed there are certain reformatory methods and agencies that can be made much more effective and available by the aid of a central system than by being left entirely to local administration4 ,i shall make no attack upon any system1 because it would be unjust and ungracious not to remember the great service that has been rendered to the ,state by the able and philanthropic men and women who have devoted their services to the prisons1 and have striven to lift them from mere places of detention to a condition of high public service4 8,if all the corrective methods that are now stamped with the approval of public sentiment could be maintained to the best advantage in a single prison1 there would be no need of any central authority4 ,it could not be contended that a general board would be any wiser in appointments than the local boards of management4 ,nor could there be any larger or more humane interest in the affairs of a particular prison1 than is shown by the supervisors who have only one prison under their charge4 ,but it would be manifestly impossible1 in the larger ,states at least1 to include in a single establishment all the various agencies that are needed for the discipline1 the training and the treatment of prisoners2 and it is therefore essential that different places should be provided to furnish opportunities best suited to the capacities and the needs of the widely differing individuals4 8,the managers of one prison cannot command a knowledge of all the prisons as well as a central board1 and if the methods that are now employed are to be used for the greatest good1 and to be made available for the largest number of offenders1 there must be some general authority to rearrange and reassign prisoners after they have been committed4 8,i have no intention here of proposing that the ,state should take absolute control of all the penal institutions1 or even that the authority of all boards of management should be measurably disturbed2 but only that some central board should so far possess authority over all the penal establishments as to be enabled to make a rearrangement that would promote efficiency of effort4 8,in order to show how such a degree of centrality might be sufficient for large reforms let me outline briefly what ,i believe would be the best method of classification of prisoners if all suitable facilities could be given by the legislature3 8,i would recommend the establishment of one receiving prison for all persons convicted of serious crimes and sentenced to hard labor2 in this place prisoners would be held under continual observation for a period long enough to allow the authorities to decide where the prisoner would apparently be likely to receive the most benefit1 or where he could be kept with the most advantage to the ,state4 8,as accessories to this place ,i would provide departmental prisons1 in each of which some particular element of instruction or discipline or treatment should be brought to the highest possible degree of efficiency1 such as schools for the illiterate1 the manual-training school and schools for trade instruction4 8,another department should be assigned to those who are mentally weak1 so that they could be put constantly under special guardianship4 ,there are in the prisons1 as we all know1 many persons who1 while not so far below the normal intelligence as to warrant the experts in declaring them to be insane1 are nevertheless incapable of performing any useful work or of taking any benefit from prison agencies4 ,in most ,states provision has been made for the removal of prisoners who are actually insane to an asylum specially provided for that class2 but so far there has been no similar establishment created for the safe detention of prisoners who are found to be so far deficient in intelligence as to need the sort of treatment that is given in the schools for the feeble-minded4 8,another humane department would be a hospital prison1 an establishment that should combine the needed safeguards for custody with all the essential features for the most scientific and skillful treatment of the different ailments4 ,to be sure it would be necessary to maintain a small infirmary in each prison for emergency cases1 but all cases requiring long and continuous treatment would be removed to the hospital prison4 8,the last stage of all in such a plan as ,i outline should be a prison where the guardianship over the prisoner would be relaxed by degrees1 so that he could approach his freedom in such a way as to regain some degree of self-reliance4 8,to make the general plan of a classified prison system harmonious and effective1 the particular place of imprisonment should not be unalterably fixed at the outset4 ,in effect to-day the court in ,massachusetts does not absolutely determine the place of imprisonment4 ,the central board has the power to make transfers from one prison to another1 with the single exception that no person can be put into the state prison from another place4 8,i have seen in other places1 however1 many prisoners who manifestly belonged in the state prison4 8,it would be needless to recite cases of inequitable sentences that show the need of classification4 ,as a type of many others ,i mention one instance where1 through lack of knowledge of the prisoner's antecedents1 a justice sentenced to the reformatory a man who had been six times under imprisonment1 including a term in the state prison1 and as far as one human being can judge of another1 had shown himself incapable of amendment or unwilling to accept the means of reformation4 8,information that may be immediately available to the prison authorities when the prisoner is committed1 so that they can assign him to his fit place1 is in most cases lacking when the prisoner is before the court4 ,the needed adjustment of prisoners ,i think could be made by a central authority having all places within its purview1 after conference with the prison officials4 8,in what other ways can we make centrality help a prison system8 ,we can do it by requiring1 as many ,states have done1 that all reports of prisons shall go to a central office so that there shall be available to the central board the needed information in regard to the prisons4 ,we can do it by the establishment of a more effective method of registration1 so that there shall be available for the guidance of the transfer board all the records of prisoners1 whether obtained in one ,state or another4 8,under the same authority with the bureau of registration and identification1 all the data possessed by that department would be accessible to the agent who was seeking to discover how far it might be practicable and useful to assist a prisoner at liberty4 ,a central registration office would in the end yield a large return to the ,state by securing a comprehensive oversight of prisoners on parole4 ,in the central office in ,massachusetts we endeavor to keep a record of all prisoners at liberty from the prisons under our supervision4 ,this1 to be sure1 is not always easy to do1 because names are readily changed and it is not difficult to conceal identity4 ,the only reliable method of following up the prisoners at liberty is to maintain a system of identification based upon the plan that does not rely on names1 or upon any data that is subject to change4 8,what the scheme of registration has done for this ,state and for other ,states cannot now be measured1 but the interest that has been excited in this subject and the information that has been spread from the central office must prove invaluable to the police and prison officials of the entire country4 ,when all the ,states adopt this plan it will not only be difficult for a paroled prisoner to evade his obligations to keep the terms of his release in his own ,state1 but he will find if he returns to evil practices in another ,state that his record will be readily brought against him4 8,all that ,i have said so far has seemed to apply mainly to persons convicted of felonies1 but ,i intended that there also should be comprehended in the scheme a large number of misdemeanants1 who need generally the same sort of correction and training as felons4 8,there is one class of misdemeanants1 however1 which ,i would exclude as a rule from any elaborate prison system1 although the place for their detention might be made one of the departments of the plan ,i have described1 and that is the large number of persons committed for drunkenness4 ,most of these have passed beyond the age when they would be the best subjects for an industrial reformatory4 ,they have no criminal instincts1 are merely social disturbers1 and what the ,state does in the way of their correction should be different from the means employed in the care of criminals4 ,and the persons committed for drunkenness can be dealt with in a better way than now prevails if they are drawn into larger groups where fitting employment can be given2 and this arrangement would need the intervention of a central board4 8,under a well-organized and thoroughly equipped system1 with such a degree of centrality as ,i have indicated1 all the beneficent methods of the prisons would be sustained and strengthened40 ,the second address of the evening was by ,dr4 ,frederick ,howard ,wines1 on 8,the ,prisons of ,louisiana40 ,residence in the ,south and an intimate acquaintance with ,southern people and ,southern prisons1 gave the utterances of ,dr4 ,wines authoritative value4 ,the prison question in the ,south1 he said1 is almost exclusively a negro question4 ,the greater proportion of crime in the ,south is committed by negroes4 ,hence most of the prisoners are negroes4 ,the negro prisoner is a distinct problem4 ,the methods we apply to white prisoners are not applicable to him4 ,the religion of the negro1 for example1 is altogether emotional and has little connection with morality4 ,as to education1 the ,southern people do not greatly favor the education of the negro4 ,a partly educated negro thinks he belongs to a select class and must no longer work4 ,as to the question of labor1 he is not fitted for indoor work1 nor wanted by the industrial classes4 ,as conditions are in ,louisiana1 ,i can think of nothing better than the large plantations on which the convicts are employed4 ,the barracks are absolutely clean and sanitary4 ,there are no chains4 ,the guards are unarmed4 ,after breakfast the prisoners go to the cotton and sugar fields1 accompanied by armed guards and hounds4 ,there are few escapes and very little punishment4 ,hospital and physician are provided4 ,all the convicts are well fed1 and at the close of the day's work all must take a bath4 ,as the labor is steady it is more profitable than that of the free man4 ,all the earnings go to the support and improvement of the prisons and prisoners4 ,the lease system is gone in all the counties but one4 ,baton ,rouge has the only prison of the old style1 with walls1 etc4 ,camps are now the thing1 on plantations4 ,since the abolition of the lease system1 and the adoption of ,state control1 the health of the prisoners is much better4 ,a third address by ,mr4 ,f4 ,b4 ,sanborn1 ,concord1 ,mass41 on 8,prison ,reform and ,prison ,science10 was largely a review of the results accomplished in the past forty years1 and reminiscent of the many eminent men associated with the movement since its inception4 ,,wednesday1 ,,september #ai ,,morning ,the session of the ,physicians' ,association1 held this morning1 was most interesting1 and was marked by some notable features4 ,the ,president1 ,dr4 ,s4 ,h4 ,blitch1 ,ocala1 ,florida1 presented a paper on 8,the ,open versus the ,close ,penitentiary ,system of ,handling ,prisoners10 in which he took strong ground in favor of the former1 especially in the ,south4 ,he defined the 8open0 penitentiary system as that mode of social restraint according to which the prisoner sentenced to hard labor is required to perform skilled and unskilled service in fields1 woods1 and surface mining1 and in such industries and occupations as do not necessitate his daily cellular or circumscribed confinement1 as is the case under the 8close0 system4 ,he claimed that in spite of criticism1 the 8open0 system1 wherever climatic conditions make it practicable1 is far more conducive to the mental and physical rehabilitation of the convict than the 8close0 system4 ,in the ,south1 especially where the vast majority of prisoners are negroes who have been accustomed to life in the open air and to outdoor employment1 the confinement in a 8close0 penitentiary would be most detrimental4 ,the open-air system puts these men at work under conditions to which they have been accustomed from youth up1 and the results demonstrate the wisdom of the plan4 ,in the discussion which followed this paper1 ,dr4 ,barrows said that many penologists felt that the ,southern system had many advantages1 but that other industrial and reformatory elements should be added4 ,dr4 ,wines saw an immense advantage in the ,southern method1 and claimed that ,northern prisons would find it very beneficial to have farms connected with them for the outdoor employment of convicts4 ,the paper on 8,prison ,sanitation10 by ,dr4 ,w4 ,d4 ,stewart1 ,west ,virginia ,penitentiary1 ,moundsville1 was followed by that of ,dr4 ,s4 ,a4 ,knopf1 of ,new ,york1 on 8,the ,tuberculosis ,problem in ,prisons and ,reformatories40 ,the presentation made by this eminent specialist on tuberculosis was probably the most exhaustive on this subject to which the ,congress ever listened4 ,this very valuable paper1 any condensation of which would do it injustice1 is published in full in the ,new ,york ,medical ,journal1 ,november #ag1 #aijf1 to which the reader is referred4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,milligan1 ,indiana ,state ,prison1 ,michigan ,city1 read a paper on 8,mental ,defectives ,among ,prisoners10 of which the following is a synopsis3 ,where reformation1 not punishment1 is the aim1 a just estimate of the prisoner's mental state is essential4 ,without this the indeterminate sentence cannot be successful4 ,communities as well as courts too frequently overlook mental defect as an important element in crime4 ,too many prisoners on admission are insane1 epileptic1 or feeble-minded4 ,epilepsy is not an infrequent factor1 especially in atrocious crimes without motive1 and overlooked because not of the pronounced type popularly considered characteristic of this disease4 ,indiana prison records show among the defectives1 a percentage for murder three times2 for murder1 manslaughter1 and rape1 twice2 but for larceny1 two-thirds that of the average for all classes4 ,on admission1 forty-four per cent4 admit mental defect or criminal record1 in the personal or family history4 ,this tainted influx1 and the fact that defectives are not paroled1 explains why twelve per cent4 of our population is insane1 epileptic1 or feeble-minded4 ,the psychosis are chiefly degenerative in type4 ,insane among prisoners are not especially difficult to manage2 no harsh measures are ever justifiable4 ,indiana has as yet no institution for insane criminals2 it needs one badly4 ,a ward in the prison hospital gives good results1 though far from ideal4 ,insane criminals should be judged in the light of modern psychiatry1 and their rights and the safety of society carefully guarded4 ,,afternoon ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,bowron1 ,superintendent of the ,wisconsin ,state ,reformatory1 ,green ,bay1 presented the ,report of the ,committee on ,prevention and ,reformatory ,work1 in a paper entitled1 8,reformatory ,sentences and ,discharges10 which concluded with the following propositions3 #a4 ,that the authority to transfer prisoners from the reformatory to state prison is an essential safeguard to the successful management of a reformatory2 and this power on the part of prison officials has been abundantly upheld by the courts4 #b4 ,that the so-called indeterminate sentence has been repeatedly held valid1 but apparently upon the construction that it is a definite sentence for the maximum limit4 ,it is therefore a misnomer4 #c4 ,that the fixing of a minimum period in the indeterminate sentence is illogical1 and detrimental to reformatory purposes4 #d4 ,that the power of parole is purely an administrative function exercised in the establishment of a prison regulation1 the validity of which has been upheld by the courts2 and that the determination of parole should largely if not wholly rest with the principal officers of the institution4 #e4 ,that the parole system does not depend upon the so-called indeterminate sentence1 or any other form of sentence1 but stands apart from it as a separate and distinct reformatory element4 #f4 ,that a definite and uniform sentence fixed by statute1 subject to modification through the legal powers of the administrative officers to parole and discharge1 is not inconsistent with reformatory purposes1 and in some respects is an advantage to reformatory management4 #g4 ,that final discharge after a suitable term of probation on parole is a just and essential feature of the merit system1 in which the pardoning power should coperate with the reformatory officials4 #h4 ,that the indefinite sentence does not exist1 probably cannot constitutionally exist1 possibly ought not to exist1 and certainly would be the object of severe criticism if it did exist4 #i4 ,that a central bureau of identification operated by the general government is so essential to the proper ends of justice that its establishment would mark an important advancement in our criminal jurisprudence4 8,methods of ,reformatory ,administration0 was the subject of a paper by ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,whittaker1 ,superintendent of the ,indiana ,state ,reformatory1 ,jeffersonville4 ,mr4 ,whittaker claimed that in many institutions methods had not kept pace with advancing civilization4 ,ideal reformatory management must1 first of all1 have a solid foundation to stand upon4 ,said foundation consists of the men in charge of an institution4 ,these1 from the superintendent down1 should be men of broad intelligence1 good morals1 and clean habits1 who thoroughly believe that they are their brothers' keepers1 and who1 in the discharge of all their duties1 will constantly have in view the reformation of the prisoner4 ,no good results can come from physical punishment or the employment of such methods as humiliate the prisoner4 ,all methods should aim to secure the harmonious training of the heart1 the head1 and the hand1 and should have for their one purpose the building of character4 ,in a paper on 8,the ,delinquent ,girl10 ,mrs4 ,lucy ,m4 ,sickels1 ,superintendent of the ,state ,industrial ,home1 ,adrian1 ,michigan1 pointed out that the real delinquent in most cases is the parent4 ,the delinquent girl is not born so4 ,she comes into the world with all the winning graces of babyhood2 but when she reaches the years of girlhood1 she is allowed to have her own way and to run wild4 ,the mother is perhaps so busy attending missionary and temperance meetings1 endeavoring to save others1 that she has no time for her own daughter4 ,if the girl has no mother1 or a widowed mother1 who1 in order to support her little family1 is obliged to go out to hard work day after day1 until she becomes nervous1 impatient1 and petulant1 an equally unfortunate situation again presents itself4 ,or parents are constantly quarreling1 until divorce stalks in1 breaks up the home1 and sets the children adrift4 ,in eight cases out of ten1 ill temper and divorce in the home are the cause of delinquency4 ,delinquency or incorrigibility is only another name for parental neglect4 ,what we want are laws to protect the children and punish the delinquent parent1 for this is the root of all the evil we are striving and contending against4 ,mrs4 ,sickels outlined the methods followed in the institution which she directs4 8,we go back to the first home principles1 a mother and a mother's love4 ,a manager or mother is at the head of each family home1 of which we have eight1 each family having a kitchen1 dining room1 and laundry1 just as complete in itself as you are from your neighbor4 ,each family cooks its own food1 makes its own bread1 and does its own laundry work4 ,each girl has a nice little room all to herself1 in which is a single bed covered with a clean white spread1 a pretty pillow sham on the pillow1 a dresser1 a mirror1 a rug and a chair4 ,each room has a large airy window4 ,the girl may beautify the walls and dresser according to her own taste and skill4 8,the first requisite for a girl as she enters the ,home is occupation1 not work only4 ,it may mean work1 but instruction is given along all lines most necessary and useful to every woman in order to fit her to be a housekeeper and home-maker40 ,a chapel1 in which two services are held each ,lord's ,day1 a schoolhouse and graded school with eight teachers1 a hospital and trained nurse1 a sewing school1 a cooking school1 a dressmaking department1 a greenhouse1 and an orchestra and brass band composed of girls1 form part of the equipment4 ,there is no wall or fence around the ,home1 but a clear open space and beautiful lawn1 with walks and flowers1 shrubbery and trees4 ,the results obtained have been most satisfactory1 at least seventy-five per cent4 of the girls so far received having turned out good1 true women1 many of them being devoted wives and mothers4 ,,evening ,mr4 ,alexander ,johnson1 ,general ,secretary ,national ,conference of ,charities and ,correction1 ,indianapolis1 ,indiana1 spoke on 8,the ,reformation of ,jails40 ,many county jails1 he declared1 are a blot on civilization4 ,should this be the case when we seek the reformation of the prisoner8 ,reform has begun at the top of the prison system1 but the jails have made little progress upward1 and a great number deserve to be called 8schools of vice40 ,what is the remedy8 ,the physical condition of the county jail must be improved4 ,each prisoner should be separately confined4 ,the fundamental error is that the jails are used for two dissimilar purposes3 for men awaiting trial1 and for men who are sentenced4 ,the two do not belong together4 ,i have seen these two classes together in the same cell1 and treated perfectly alike4 ,when a man has been convicted he no longer belongs to the county1 but to the ,state1 and should be sent to a ,state institution4 ,then the jail would remain only as a place of detention for those awaiting trial4 ,but why the ,state8 ,because the county would hardly be justified in going to the expense of supporting a real work-house4 ,another reform imperatively needed is speedier trials4 ,it is infamous to hold a man in jail for months awaiting trial4 8,i hope the time will come when the question will be1 #8,what kind of a man is this1 that we may fit him for society4' ,when we make our prisons hospitals for the moral reformation of men1 we will realize that the jail will be the place in which to begin40 8,the ,juvenile ,court3 ,its ,uses and ,limitations10 was the title of a paper by ,dr4 ,hastings ,h4 ,hart1 ,superintendent of the ,illinois ,children's ,home and ,aid ,society1 ,chicago4 ,the juvenile court is an evolution4 ,some twenty ,states have juvenile court laws--all within about six years4 ,this evolution is still in progress1 and the matter still in its infancy4 ,the juvenile court is founded on three great ideas3 #a4 ,the value of the child for its own sake and for the community4 #b4 ,the abandonment of the lex talionis1 i4 e41 the infliction of a punishment commensurate with the wrong done4 ,this is impossible as well as a wrong4 ,no man is wise enough to adjust the punishment accurately to the crime4 #c4 ,the recognition of the responsibility of the mother ,state for the children1 especially for the erring and neglected ones4 ,the first essential feature of the juvenile court is the breadth of its scope3 it deals with delinquents and dependents4 ,the second is the character of its proceedings4 8,what is the best possible thing to be done for the good of the child80 ,this is the question which the juvenile court endeavors to solve every day4 ,a third feature of the juvenile court is that it places the child in such hands as will do what is best for it4 ,having such a high character and such noble purposes1 no jurist is too eminent to serve as a juvenile court judge4 ,another distinctive mark of the juvenile court law is the probation officer1 who is the very heart of the work1 and who not only learns to know the child in the home1 but also represents it in the court4 ,finally the juvenile court recognizes the great fundamental principle that the home and family1 when properly constituted are the great molders of character4 ,,thursday1 ,,september #bj ,,morning ,from the proceedings of ,thursday morning the following admirable paper by ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,haddox1 ,warden of the ,west ,virginia ,penitentiary1 ,moundsville1 is selected and reproduced in full3 ,,some ,,elements ,,of ,,prison ,,discipline ,old ,noah ,webster1 in that charming book of his entitled 8,dictionary10 of which ,bill ,nye says his chief criticism is that it changes the subject too often1 gives the following definition of discipline3 8,education1 instruction1 cultivation1 and improvement2 comprehending instruction in arts1 sciences1 correct sentiments1 morals1 and manners1 and due subordination to authority40 ,these are not all the elements ,webster says constitute discipline1 but they are quite enough upon which to base a paper1 and it is well enough to keep this definition in mind1 especially for such as may have the impression that discipline consists solely and alone in administering punishments for real or imaginary1 deliberate or unintentional1 breaches of good conduct4 ,to the unthinking1 the sole object of imprisoning a convict may be regarded as the making him suffer for the crime he committed1 and that the judge in imposing sentence should calculate how much suffering will be commensurate with the crime1 and adjust the sentence accordingly1 the prison authorities then taking hold of him1 holding him in 8durance vile0 for the period of his sentence1 keeping him as quiet and orderly as they can1 and when his sentence has expired1 discharging him without further concern or responsibility for him or his future4 ,,the ,,scope ,,of ,,discipline ,discipline comprehends in its fullest scope absolutely everything that has to do with the convict1 as to his training physically1 morally1 intellectually1 and spiritually1 and embraces in its application every agency that has to do with his development as a laborer1 his advancement as a student and a thinker1 his uplifting morally and spiritually1 and his complete and perfect rounding out as a man4 ,it does not refer alone to the agency of the dark cell1 the strap1 the taking of good time1 the bath1 the ball and chain1 and similar devices2 and in a properly conducted1 well-ordered1 and painstaking institution1 these agencies are far and away the smallest1 least used and least effective of all those which make and promote this thing called 8discipline40 ,in a rightfully planned and properly manned prison1 the officers maintain much the same attitude toward the heterogeneous population there gathered--most of whom are children in mental attainments1 children in moral culture1 children in industrial bent--that a parent occupies toward his child4 ,the motive1 the hope1 the desire1 the object1 the plans1 and the efforts should be much the same1 changed and modified only as the conditions necessarily demand a modification of plans4 ,the thoughtful and intelligent parent ponders and studies about the future of his child4 ,he knows that he must fit and prepare him for the solemn duties of life1 and upon the preparation or lack of preparation he gives him1 the discipline or the lack of discipline the child undergoes1 will depend that child's future welfare or misery4 ,if the parent is wise he carefully arranges for the child's physical well-being1 he plans for his mental cultivation and discipline1 and provides systematically for proper environments and training for his moral and spiritual growth and strength4 ,nothing is left to chance1 little to precept1 much to example1 and the use of the rod or other correctional methods or devices1 is an obvious confession of a failure on the part of the parent to take all the necessary care and precaution in training or drilling the child4 ,no child ever needed physical correction at the hand of its parent1 that the parent was not also some to blame in neglecting precautions that would have obviated this necessity4 ,rev4 ,samuel ,j4 ,barrows1 to whom prison people are under so many lasting obligations for his invaluable contributions to prison literature1 said no truer thing than when in his admirable address at ,kansas ,city1 in #aija1 on 8,jesus as a ,penologist10 he said3 8,the ideal discipline is that which educates and strengthens the will without breaking it1 and which develops a man without crushing him40 ,,labor ,,as ,,discipline ,the first and prime requisite to discipline is a proper labor system that calls for a reasonable amount of satisfactory1 productive1 remunerative labor from every convict fit to labor4 ,it is altogether the greatest problem that confronts any prison1 and is most vital4 ,idleness in prison is grossly wasteful1 utterly uneconomical1 terribly demoralizing1 and prevents almost entirely all plans for a regimen that looks to discipline4 ,for those in health there should be no wasted hours at any time or any place in prison4 ,a score of idle or partly idle convicts can do more mischief1 subvert more discipline1 destroy more regularity and system than a regiment of men kept at proper1 legitimate employment4 ,so the key to discipline is a labor system that embraces in its scope every person in prison4 ,to devise a system of labor for an institution that will keep everyone sufficiently employed and underwork none 7for strange to say1 in practice1 the prison that overtaxes convicts probably does not exist71 is the hardest problem1 requiring the most labor1 care1 and attention that could possibly be imagined1 and means that the warden who accomplishes it and continues it will be the most severely taxed of all4 ,it is not the convict that is likely to do an honest1 just day's work1 but the management who undertake to see that this most vital and salutary agent of discipline is always in full force and effect4 ,,the ,,contract ,,system ,i have no sympathy with those who inveigh against contract labor in prisons4 ,a contract system in which the ,state receives the proper compensation for the labor of convicts1 and the convict receives a just compensation for surplus work1 a system which eliminates the abuses formerly found in contracts1 a system in which the government1 control1 and treatment of the men is in the hands of the prison officials only1 and the amount and the kind of labor is adjusted by the warden only1 may be the best practicable economic system4 ,the abuses formerly chargeable to the contract system1 and possibly chargeable now in sections1 are not necessary1 and existed and exist only because prison officials permitted them or fostered them2 and instead of abolishing the system1 men should have been substituted who would prepare a proper contract1 obtain the right compensation1 secure rational treatment for the convicts1 and get just conditions generally1 and have the invaluable experience of expert manufacturers to teach the men deft and skillful labor at something they know becomes a factor in the world beyond the walls4 ,shall the meat packing and producing business be destroyed because great abuses have recently been unearthed1 or shall it be reformed and corrected8 ,shall the oil industry be wiped out because an undue share of the benefits are absorbed by a few1 or shall the conditions be changed1 the wrongs be righted8 ,just think of the consistency of the people who rail at the contract system in prisons1 but view with complacency the spectacle1 in the ,east ,side of ,new ,york1 of almost countless thousands of children of four years of age1 and sometimes younger1 working in basements fourteen hours a day1 making paper bags at four cents per thousand2 or three-and-a-half-year-old children making artificial flowers on ,mott ,street1 at eight cents per gross6 ,twenty-three thousand licensed1 not to speak of the unknown thousands of unlicensed1 tenement houses 7home7 factories in the city of ,new ,york1 of the ,state of ,new ,york1 which sternly forbids any form of contract labor in prison6 ,far be it from me to criticise the ,state account system1 ideal1 utopian2 but the superintendent who can combine the business qualities necessary to run successfully and economically the factories with the executive qualifications requisite for the other duties of prison governments1 is certainly a prodigy1 and cannot often be found4 ,,the ,,reformatory ,neither have ,i anything to say against the reformatory system of manual training1 so called1 which builds only to destroy again1 except to regret that the only way the ,state provides manual training for its young men is through the passport and credentials of crime4 ,,the ,,habit ,,of ,,labor ,it is not so necessary that a convict shall know a trade1 in these days of machinery and constant and continual changes in the methods of manufacture1 as it is that he shall have developed in him habits of industry and the willingness to work at what he can do4 ,the great trouble with the average convict is1 that he not only does not know a trade1 but that he has not been drilled in any kind of labor1 and prefers to obtain his substance from the labor of others1 by surreptitious1 unlawful and unjust means4 ,the habit of labor is what he needs more than the specific kind of work4 ,as ,superintendent ,brockway said many years ago3 8,only motivelessness is the seat of incorrigibility4 ,to discover or create a want is to find a motive4 ,given a motive1 you may direct a habit4 ,to form a habit is to create character4 ,habit is the school of conscience4 ,conscience and habit reinforce one another40 ,let us have the habit of labor rather than the expensive training in trades1 which in countless thousands of great industrial establishments will be of no additional value4 ,,literary ,,discipline ,next to education in labor1 ,i place as the most important factor in prison discipline the development of the mind through the medium of the various agencies that may be employed for that purpose1 not forgetting that labor develops the mind as well as the muscle4 ,an overwhelming majority of the inmates of any prison are densely and grossly ignorant1 and mentally deficient4 ,the polished1 scholarly1 shrewd criminal is a creature of fiction1 not of fact1 the exception1 not the rule4 ,the average convict is a living example of ,horace ,mann's aphorism1 that 8ignorance in this country is a crime40 ,,the ,,prison ,,school ,the convict's mental discipline can be accomplished in many ways1 one of which should be the prison school4 ,the work here will often have to be of the most elementary character4 ,this work should not be merely perfunctory1 but should have the most careful attention and consideration4 ,the eagerness with which even comparatively old men undertake to master the simplest primer is one of the pathetic but encouraging aspects of prison-school life4 ,as the school will probably have to be an evening school of but few hours' duration1 the course of study will necessarily have to be comparatively brief1 in order that all inmates needing its help may have their turn4 ,but the brief term in school should be supplemented by a course of reading and study in the cells1 or elsewhere1 which should have the same attention1 the same systematic oversight and encouragement that the work in the school had4 ,this serves a twofold purpose3 first1 to drill and discipline the minds1 furnish them with concrete information2 and second1 to fulfill a vital necessity in proper prison discipline1 the continual occupation of the subject in his waking hours1 with labor1 study or proper recreation4 ,the writer recalls reading recently with some curiosity and interest a stricture written some nineteen years ago on the methods of the ,elmira ,reformatory referring to the study in the cells of 8,the ,prologue of the ,canterbury ,tales10 8,the ,tragedy of ,hamlet10 ,emerson's 8,may ,day10 ,browning's 8,paracelsus10 and similar literature1 and the critic stated that if the convicts are to remain in prison for life1 there can be no objection to such reading1 but otherwise1 the time thus occupied is worse than wasted4 ,but there is where the critic is wofully mistaken4 ,no man can read even such classics as are here named without being substantially and materially benefited and strengthened1 and better able to cope with the practical bread-and-butter part of life4 ,this statement may seem far-fetched1 but it is true4 ,but he does not need to be confined to such books4 ,in this intensely practical age1 books are as practical as other things4 ,in the institution over which ,i preside1 scores of men are taking courses in the correspondence schools1 doing well1 and neglecting no prison requirements4 ,let the library be stocked with practical handbooks that tell men how to do things1 such as to mix concrete1 lay brick1 build houses1 construct telephone lines1 run machinery1 and similar enterprises4 ,prison libraries are generally the result of heterogeneous and indiscriminate donations1 the aftermath of the spring house-cleanings of the philanthropically inclined4 ,such donations should be accepted in the spirit in which given1 graciously1 thankfully1 then where proper1 classified1 catalogued and used4 ,but this source should not be depended on entirely1 or even largely1 to supply the library4 ,the books should be selected with as much care and fidelity as they are selected for a university or a public library1 for they are to accomplish the same purpose4 ,,the ,,daily ,,and ,,weekly ,,newspaper ,the writer never shared in the fear of the daily or weekly newspaper in the prison4 ,he acknowledges their necessity to himself1 and feels that what is helpful to him ought not seriously to injure his men4 ,in this day1 the yellow journals1 so called1 are mighty agencies for reform1 and they and their associate muck rakers1 the magazines1 are uncovering frauds and wrongs in high places1 and driving powerful wrongdoers to cover2 and when their work is completed1 the smaller criminals will not have the baleful example of some people in high places to justify them in their evil ways4 ,the taste for a blood-and-thunder paper1 magazine or book1 is infinitely preferable to none at all4 ,the taste will pall eventually on such pabulum and call for better4 ,every prison is a community of itself and to itself4 ,the things that elevate people outside1 should be found inside the walls4 ,there should be neatness and cleanliness and sanitary conditions everywhere4 ,the lawns should be green1 neat and carefully kept4 ,every prison should have a greenhouse1 and flowers should abound in profusion1 for civilizing1 ennobling and disciplinary powers of nature at her fairest cannot be over-estimated4 ,the reading courses should be supplemented by instructive lectures and literary entertainments1 for such times as are practicable4 ,theatricals should be permitted and encouraged at intervals4 ,such relaxation is a great lubricant4 ,quartettes1 octettes and choirs should be organized1 and all the men possible taught vocal music under a competent instructor4 ,orchestras and brass bands should be maintained from the inmates1 and music should be a feature of very proper occasion4 ,to the timid soul who fears that all these pains will pamper the convict and make him love the prison and do something to be returned1 let me say that the greatest punishment is in being immured behind great walls beyond which he cannot go1 and any deprivation of the elements of reform and enlightened discipline is a mere bagatelle compared to the main fact of imprisonment4 ,as ,chaplain ,tribou forcibly says3 8,men are not sent to prison to be punished1 they are punished by being sent to prison40 ,let the great aim be to show the men the many legitimate avenues of improvement1 enlightenment1 enjoyment and amusements that are open to those who never transgress the law4 ,convicts are not to be classed as a peculiar species of genus homo1 but are to be regarded as individuals1 amenable to the same influences1 the same treatment1 the same hopes as other men4 ,charles ,reade1 in his famous book 8,it ,is ,never ,too ,late to ,mend10 tells of two little children who come to see a thief just arrested4 8,farmer ,fielding10 says the little girl1 courtesying1 a mode of reverence which was instantly copied by the boy1 8we are come to see the thief2 they say you have caught one40 8,oh dear60 and her bright little countenance was overcast1 8,i couldn't have told it from a man40 ,prison sentiment is a powerful auxiliary in discipline1 and the consciousness among the men that 8a square deal0 from the management can be depended upon for the cause of enlightenment1 refinement1 cheer and relaxation1 is worth more than a regiment of soldiers4 ,,religion ,,as ,a ,,factor ,religion ought to be a mighty factor in correct prison discipline4 ,if good men need religion to help them and sustain them1 certainly bad men need it far more4 ,this department of discipline should be presided over and directed by a strong1 level-headed1 pious ,god-fearing man1 who may have at once the confidence of the warden and his subordinates1 and the inmates as well1 a very difficult undertaking4 ,a chaplain who mistakes his mission and attends to matters not within his province1 can tear up and destroy the discipline of a prison more quickly and effectively than anyone else in it4 ,but his opportunities for good are as great as1 or greater than1 for evil1 and if he can discern between those who desire real spiritual consolation and those who are after the loaves and fishes1 between spiritual pardon and official clemency1 and devote himself unreservedly to the one and resolutely eschew the other1 no man can overestimate his value4 ,the warden and the chaplain should go hand in hand1 each sustaining the other4 ,they need to have a perfect understanding1 neither mistrusting the other4 ,and with such an understanding1 let the chaplain have entire charge of his church and other spiritual services1 and resolutely exclude the self-constituted evangelist1 the chance visitor1 and forbid absolutely the spectacular and highly emotional harangues of people utterly unacquainted with the population with which they seek to deal4 ,in nothing should there be more rigid censorship and more careful espionage than in the chapel and other religious services4 ,to quote from an address made by me before the ,national ,prison ,association in ,louisville in #aijc3 8,the influence of sightseers and idle visitors to prisons1 always bad1 reaches the acme of its perniciousness in the chapel service1 if unrestrained and unguided by prison officials of experience and firmness1 who alone are in a position to know that sickly sentimentalism is the worst possible pabulum to offer men already too eager to justify their evil deeds40 ,,the ,,discipline ,,of ,,officers ,the question at once comes up1 how are all these elements of discipline to be arranged for in a prison4 ,who are to provide and arrange for them8 ,this is altogether the most difficult question to answer4 ,the most careful and exacting discipline is not for the convict1 but for the officials of a prison4 ,if convicts are to be gradually educated and turned from crime into virtue1 out of slothfulness and viciousness into habits of industry1 thrift1 sobriety1 regularity and evenness of life1 it must be through the agency of officers1 themselves disciplined1 educated and schooled in self-control4 8,no man is fit to command who has not first learned to obey40 ,no man can hope to have zeal1 skill and care1 the patience and fidelity to bring up men from the depths of ignorance to the level of intelligence1 who has not himself gone over a part of the road4 8,such officers are not found40 8,they must be taught and trained40 ,superintendent ,brockway has said3 8,the warden of a prison receives into his charge with the bodily presence of the prisoners1 their very soul life1 and is clothed with the authority and the duty to develop that life for fullness and perfection4 ,he who enters upon the work of soul culture1 touches the life and forces of a mysterious realm4 ,his attitude should be profoundly reverent1 for he invades a sacred precinct40 ,this being the case1 nothing but high grade1 intelligent1 educated men1 should be permitted to have charge of this soul life4 ,it is absurd to hope that any other can administer the discipline necessary to build up men whom society has failed or neglected to cultivate4 ,every employ of a prison should be a man of good appearance1 no physical blemishes1 a man of high character1 and should possess at least a good ,english education and be a student4 ,in many ,states1 only those who have certain views upon the tariff and finance1 or who are supposed to have1 are permitted to have positions as officers in the prisons4 ,but even there1 a schedule of requirements within that limit may be arranged for1 and rigidly adhered to4 ,there ought to be an age limit1 height1 and other physical requirements1 and an educational test4 ,a mere recommendation from a politician1 however high1 is usually not worth the paper upon which it is written1 chiefly because the aforesaid politician has only the most vague idea of the actual requirements of the prison official1 and is under the impression that anybody who can occupy space will do4 ,there ought to be a school for the preparation of persons for institutional work4 ,such a school should be a national one and would be immensely profitable in the increased reformatory results in prisons1 the saving of many insane from helpless insanity1 and the reclaiming of many dependents4 ,with crime costing #cjj1jjj1jjj a year1 and every criminal saved worth a least #a1fjj a year to the nation1 the necessity for such a school for training specialists is very great4 ,,drilling ,,of ,,new ,,officers ,the evolution of a new guard is one of the interesting1 but soul-trying experiences of every prison warden4 ,perhaps the warden1 before assigning the new man to duty1 talks to him1 admonishing him as to his procedure1 and aiming to tell him of the pitfalls that experience has pointed out4 ,but he talks 8to ears that hear not40 ,he closes his first interview by handing the new man a book of rules for his perusal4 ,but they are given 8to eyes that see not40 ,that book of rules is the result of the experience1 the mistakes1 the observations1 the failures and the successes of generations of prison officials1 and can no more be fathomed by a new guard at once1 than can the ,constitution of the ,united ,states1 upon first reading1 be comprehended by one of ,upton ,sinclair's ,lithuanians on his journey to the ,chicago stockyards4 ,under the present system1 that guard must learn largely by mortifying experiences1 the commission of serious mistakes1 alike costly to the institution and its wards4 ,while there are no general schools for the preparation of officers for institutional work 7the ,school of ,philanthropy of ,new ,york possibly excepted71 yet there may be organized in every prison a school for the education and development of officers1 and this should be done4 ,let there be a definite course of reading and study arranged for officers by the superintendent1 and have frequent examinations and discussions bearing on prison problems4 ,fortunately our literature is rich in books worthy the most careful study and research4 ,there is ,prof4 ,henderson's admirable text book on 8,dependents1 ,defectives and ,delinquents20 ,dr4 ,e4 ,c4 ,wines on 8,the ,state of ,prisons and ,child ,saving ,institutions10 the many valuable contributions of ,rev4 ,s4 ,j4 ,barrows1 ,superintendent ,brockway1 ,joseph ,f4 ,scott1 ,frank ,l4 ,randall1 ,revs4 ,august ,drahms1 ,f4 ,h4 ,wines1 ,a4 ,mc,donald1 ,beccaria and ,howard1 ,lombroso and ,dugdale1 ,eugene ,smith and ,charlton ,t4 ,lewis and scores of others4 ,charles ,reade's great muck-rake book 8,it ,is ,never ,too ,late to ,mend10 which drove the separate and silent system out of ,england1 deserves the most careful study and thought4 ,victor ,hugo's valued 8,les ,miserables0 cannot be read too carefully or critically4 ,dickens' 8,american ,notes0 gives a most graphic account of the separate system1 and his 8,pickwick ,papers0 portray most powerfully the debtor's jail4 ,every report of the ,national ,prison ,association and the ,conference of ,charities and ,correction1 replete as they are with invaluable discussions of vital topics1 should be read by every prison official1 as well also as the different annual or biennial reports issued by the different institutions throughout the country1 which contain points of inestimable value on conducting prisons4 ,in one of the offices of the model prisons of this country is a great round table capable of accommodating thirty or forty people4 ,around this table at intervals officers are seated to listen to lectures and hear and participate in discussions upon approved methods of accomplishing the best work4 ,this might well be emulated in every similar institution4 ,there should be a fund set aside in every institution to defray the expenses of a number of officials1 annually to visit other institutions for the purpose of observing how the work is done elsewhere1 and thus by actual contact to obtain the most approved methods4 ,and this ought not to be confined to the heads of departments alone1 but should be open to even the humblest official in his turn4 ,in addition to its practical value1 it makes him realize that his work is a profession not to be despised or made light of1 and that the curing of moral ailments1 the helping of those who cannot help themselves1 is a grand and a glorious calling1 exceeded in its value to the world by no other4 ,,the ,,officers' ,,social ,,environments ,when the day's work is done officers should ordinarily leave the institution and its incidents behind them4 ,they should participate actively and zealously in the outside social and religious matters of the community in which they are located4 ,this balances them and gives them tone1 and prevents pessimism1 which may otherwise control them4 ,an officer's usefulness is measured by the amount of good influence he exerts upon those under his charge4 ,but every warden has at times the melancholy experience of observing that instead of some officers elevating and uplifting their men by their examples1 the convicts' influence has become the greater1 and the officer's ideals are gradually shattered1 his resiliency lost1 and his influence vanished4 ,it is to guard against this melancholy possibility that officers should be urged to cultivate the best part of outside social1 moral1 and religious life4 ,all of the progress and reform that has occurred in penal legislation1 prison rules1 and procedure has come as a result of the study1 care1 thought1 and efforts of prison officials and students of penology4 ,all the legislation that has taken away from prisons the gospel of labor1 that has robbed them of the full opportunity of doing what was intended for them1 has come largely as a result of the cowardice or lack of energy of prison officials who have not stood up against the unreasonable1 unrighteous demands of thoughtless labor agitators1 or who have not in time remedied and improved their labor systems and conditions so they might escape just criticism4 ,if there is a bad prison law on any statute book1 or if a good one needs to be placed there1 zealous1 informed prison officials should never cease agitation until the defect is remedied4 ,these reforms will come from no other source4 ,in this strenuous age the people have shown that they desire to do the right thing if the way be pointed out1 and the age is ripe for reforms in prison laws and customs as it is in all other lines4 ,all those who have to deal with offenders of the law should be brought in touch with one another4 ,judges and district or prosecuting attorneys should be required1 as part of their duties1 to visit the institutions which house the men sent there through their efforts1 and should know the conditions and be in a position to offer and receive suggestions4 ,whenever a likely man1 once discharged1 renters a prison1 let the thoughtful warden not ask1 8,what did this man to be returned80 but rather let him inquire3 8,what did ,i fail to do8 ,where is my institution defective8 ,what precaution did society fail to take that this man fell again80 ,precepts count for something in prison and elsewhere4 ,example counts for almost everything4 ,we proceed not from the abstract to the concrete in our daily lives4 ,to-day the eyes of ,america are turned upon our strenuous president1 not for precept1 but for example2 strenuous in his sports1 therefore everybody becomes athletic2 strenuous in literature1 and all ,america reads2 strenuous in the enforcement of the law and a 8square deal0 for every man1 and the whole nation emulates his example and takes on a new lease of civic righteousness4 ,as ,napoleon rode at the head of his legions through ,egypt1 past the pyramids1 he halted1 and in an impassioned address he said1 8,soldiers1 from the summits of these pyramids forty centuries look down upon you40 ,but the modern warden1 within his castled home1 environed by frowning walls1 at the head of his scores of officers and superintendents of departments1 may say1 8,officers1 from these depths of crime1 misery1 degradation1 and despair hundreds of imprisoned souls look up to you for example1 for inspiration1 for guidance1 and for help40 ,and as officers thus receive the message and the tacit command may each resolve that his heart shall be so moved1 his mind be so cultivated1 strengthened and disciplined1 and his actions be so guarded and guided1 that the pathetic call thus made by those below him shall not be made in vain4 ,,afternoon ,,and ,,evening ,at the afternoon session ,judge ,simeon ,e4 ,baldwin1 of ,connecticut1 presented the report of the ,committee on ,criminal ,law ,reform1 and in the evening brief addresses were made by ,miss ,katharine ,b4 ,davis1 ,women's ,reformatory1 ,bedford1 ,n4 ,y42 ,chaplain ,d4 ,h4 ,tribou1 of the ,united ,states ,naval ,home1 ,philadelphia2 ,superintendent ,frank ,l4 ,randall1 of ,minnesota1 and others4 ,the following is a list of the officers for the current year3 ,president1 ,e4 ,j4 ,murphy1 ,joliet1 ,ill42 ,first ,vice-president1 ,j4 ,l4 ,milligan1 ,allegheny1 ,pa42 ,general ,secretary1 ,amos ,w4 ,butler1 ,indianapolis1 ,ind42 ,financial ,secretary1 ,joseph ,p4 ,byers1 ,new ,york2 ,assistant ,secretaries1 ,h4 ,h4 ,shirer1 ,columbus1 ,ohio42 ,l4 ,c4 ,storrs1 ,lansing1 ,mich42 ,w4 ,c4 ,graves1 ,springfield1 ,ill42 ,treasurer1 ,frederick ,h4 ,mills1 ,new ,york2 ,official ,stenographer1 ,isabel ,c4 ,barrows1 ,new ,york4 ,wardens' ,association3 ,president1 ,f4 ,l4 ,randall1 ,st4 ,cloud1 ,minn42 ,secretary1 ,c4 ,e4 ,haddox1 ,moundsville1 ,west ,virginia4 ,chaplains' ,association3 ,president1 ,rev4 ,a4 ,j4 ,steelman1 ,joliet1 ,ill42 ,secretary1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,e4 ,edgin1 ,jeffersonville1 ,ind4 ,physicians' ,association3 ,president1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,d4 ,stewart1 ,moundsville1 ,west ,virginia2 ,secretary1 ,dr4 ,o4 ,j4 ,bennett1 ,allegheny1 ,pa4 ,committee ,chairmen3 ,board of ,directors1 ,henry ,wolfer1 ,stillwater1 ,minn42 ,executive ,committee1 ,joseph ,f4 ,scott1 ,elmira1 ,n4 ,y42 ,criminal ,law ,reform1 ,s4 ,e4 ,baldwin1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn42 ,preventive and ,reformatory ,work1 ,w4 ,h4 ,whittaker1 ,jeffersonville1 ,ind42 ,prevention and ,probation1 ,julian ,w4 ,mack1 ,chicago1 ,ill42 ,prison ,discipline1 ,j4 ,a4 ,leonard1 ,mansfield1 ,ohio2 ,discharged ,prisoners1 ,mrs4 ,maud ,ballington ,booth1 ,new ,york2 ,statistics of ,crime1 ,s4 ,j4 ,barrows1 ,new ,york4 ,in #aijg the ,association will meet in ,chicago4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,ohl1 ,official ,delegate4 ,,john ,,way1 ,treasurer1 ,,in ,,account ,,with ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society #aijf4 ,january #be4 ,to ,balance on hand4 ,principal #b1cfe #cg 8 ,income #fcc #ai #b1iih #ef 8 ,life ,membership fee #bj #jj 8 ,sale #a1jjj ,lehigh ,valley ,r4 ,r4 ,co41 #d #iig #ej 8 ,membership ,dues and ,subscriptions #bgd #jj 8 ,interest on ,deposits #da #jb 8 ,income from ,i4 ,v4 ,williamson ,legacy #fcj #jj 8 ,income from ,investments #a1gbh #da --------- #f1fhi #di ,,payments ,by ,amount reserved account ,goodwin ,mortgage #a1ajj #jj 8 ,bond and ,mortgage ,r4 ,w4 ,c4 #e years #d #b1ejj #jj 8 ,salaries1 ,secretaries and ,prison ,agents #a1eej #jj 8 ,janitor's ,service and ,office ,expenses #ci #jj 8 ,expense1 ,delegate ,national ,prison ,congress #be #fd 8 ,printing ,journal #aijf1 ,postage and other items #gca #cj 8 ,prison ,sunday ,observance ,committee #gf #bh 8 ,sundry ,printing1 ,franklin ,printing ,company #bc #bj 8 ,safe ,deposit ,box ,rent1 ,advertising1 etc4 #ag #ej ,balance of income account #fbf #eg --------- #f1fhi #di ,,special ,,fund ,,for ,,discharged ,,prisoners ,am't collected by ,gen'l ,secretary during the fiscal year #d1ehe #ej ,am't disbursed #c1gie #ef ,,barton ,,fund ,,for ,,tools ,,to ,,discharged ,,prisoners ,,receipts ,to ,balance on hand ,january #be1 #aijf #ade #ei 8 ,income from ,investments #fc #jj ------- #bjh #ei ,,payments ,for tools to discharged prisoners #fi #af ,balance on hand ,january #bd1 #aijg #aci #dc ------- #bjh #ei ,c4 ,s4 ,,williams ,,fund ,,receipts ,to ,balance on hand ,january #be1 #aijf4 ,principal #dhd #be ,income #df #ej #ecj #ge 8 ,income from ,investments #aac #jj ------- #fdc #ge ,,payments ,by #ejj ,electric and ,people's #d ,stock ,trust ,certificates at #ajb #eaj #jj 8 ,am't paid ,home of ,industry #hg #be ,balance ,income ,account1 ,january #bd1 #aijg #df #ej ------- #fdc #ge ,,harriet ,s4 ,,benson ,,fund ,,receipts ,to ,balance on hand ,january #be1 #aijf4 ,principal #a1ejj #jj ,income #ce #ic #a1ece #ic 8 ,proceeds of sale of #ejj ,electric and ,people's #d ,stock ,trust ,certificates at #ajb #eaj #jj 8 ,income from ,investments #bjj #jj --------- #b1bde #ic ,,payments ,by #b1jjj ,lehigh ,valley ,r4 ,r4 ,co4 ,gen'l ,consol1 #d at #aja #b1jaj #jj 8 ,accrued ,interest on above #bj #jj 8 ,home of ,industry #bae #ic ------- #b1bde #ic ,,summary ,,of ,,balances ,general ,fund #fbf #eg ,special ,fund for ,discharged ,prisoners #ghi #id ,barton ,fund #aci #dc ,c4 ,s4 ,williams ,fund #df #ej --------- ,cash on hand ,january #bd1 #aijg #a1fjb #dd ,we1 the ,committee appointed to audit the accounts of ,john ,way1 ,treasurer1 have examined accounts1 compared the payments with the vouchers1 checked the receipts of income from invested funds1 compared the securities themselves with the list thereof and find them all correct4 ,,john ,w4 ,,dillingham1 ,,george ,s4 ,,wetherell1 ,auditing ,committee4 ,,philadelphia1 ,february #bj1 #aijg4 ,,life ,,members ,henry ,b4 ,ashmead1 #a;,francis ,m4 ,brooke1 ,c4 ,h4 ,brush1 ,john ,e ,carter1 #a;,alfred ,m4 ,collins1 ,miss ,mary ,coles1 ,henry ,s4 ,cattell1 ,b4 ,l4 ,douredoure1 ,rev4 ,herman ,l4 ,duhring1 ,d4 ,d41 #a,richard ,h4 ,downing1 ,edward ,grebel ,dreer1 ,john ,a4 ,duncan1 ,rev4 ,alfred ,elwyn1 ,helen ,m4 ,elwyn1 ,w4 ,w4 ,frazier1 #a;,george ,w4 ,hall1 ,alfred ,c4 ,harrison1 ,charles ,c4 ,harrison1 ,emily ,j4 ,ingram1 ,m4 ,d41 ,john ,p4 ,jenks1 ,w4 ,w4 ,justice1 ,alfred ,h4 ,love1 ,f4 ,mortimer ,lewis1 #a;,j4 ,fisher ,learning1 ,sarah ,a4 ,lewis1 ,m4 ,carey ,lea1 ,william ,longstreth1 ,caleb ,j4 ,milne1 ,james ,w4 ,mc,allister1 ,robert ,patterson1 #a;,charles ,santee1 ,david ,sulzberger1 ,george ,c4 ,thomas1 ,henry ,t4 ,townsend1 ,james ,w4 ,walk1 ,m4 ,d41 ,e4 ,b4 ,warren1 ,james ,v4 ,watson1 ,john ,way1 ,mary ,s4 ,whelen4 #a ,deceased4 ,,annual ,,members ,hon4 ,william ,n4 ,ashman1 ,rev4 ,samuel ,e4 ,appleton1 ,h4 ,st4 ,clair ,ash1 ,m4 ,d41 ,joshua ,l4 ,baily1 ,t4 ,wistar ,brown1 ,samuel ,biddle1 ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes1 ,william ,burnham1 ,john ,e4 ,baird1 ,rev4 ,lewis ,c4 ,baker1 ,henry ,w4 ,boies1 ,ethel ,m4 ,boies1 ,david ,boies1 ,helen ,m4 ,boies1 ,j4 ,henry ,bartlett1 ,henry ,d4 ,booth1 ,catharine ,c4 ,biddle1 ,hannah ,s4 ,biddle1 ,elizabeth ,bradford1 ,t4 ,broom ,belfield1 ,mrs4 ,robert ,s4 ,bright1 ,robert ,p4 ,p4 ,bradford1 ,layyah ,barakat1 ,joseph ,k4 ,calley1 ,ethel ,conderman1 ,john ,h4 ,converse1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,clark1 ,s4 ,w4 ,colton1 ,jr41 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,w4 ,colton1 ,jr41 ,miss ,f4 ,clark1 ,henry ,h4 ,collins1 ,e4 ,w4 ,clark1 ,jr41 ,john ,callahan1 ,agnes ,camp1 ,m4 ,d41 ,jonas ,g4 ,clemmer1 ,charles ,f4 ,cripps1 ,henry ,c4 ,cassel1 ,john ,h4 ,dillingham1 ,edward ,t4 ,davis1 ,isaac ,l4 ,detweiler1 ,walter ,l4 ,detwiler1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,dubbs1 ,charles ,e4 ,d',invillier1 ,albert ,m4 ,dallett1 ,agnes ,dean1 ,m4 ,d41 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,denniston1 ,samuel ,emlen1 ,joseph ,elkinton1 ,otto ,eisenlohr1 ,rev4 ,solomon ,g4 ,engle1 ,b4 ,w4 ,fleisher1 ,spencer ,fullerton1 ,esther ,fricke1 ,mrs4 ,horace ,fassett1 ,melvin ,m4 ,franklin1 ,m4 ,d41 ,susanna ,gaskill1 ,sylvester ,garrett1 ,d4 ,w4 ,grafley1 ,elizabeth ,n4 ,garrett1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,s4 ,grant1 ,jr41 ,w4 ,h4 ,gilbert1 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,l4 ,grubb1 ,samuel ,b4 ,garrigues1 ,mrs4 ,louis ,gerstley1 ,luther ,gerhard1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,w4 ,gormley1 ,sallie ,h4 ,green1 ,mary ,s4 ,gregg1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,andrews ,harris1 ,william ,h4 ,hart1 ,jr41 ,edwin ,hagert1 ,william ,b4 ,hackenburg1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,w4 ,harding1 ,william ,s4 ,hallowell1 ,clyde ,a4 ,heller1 ,miss ,c4 ,v4 ,hodges1 ,j4 ,h4 ,m4 ,hayes1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,rowland ,hill1 ,charles ,p4 ,hastings1 ,jacob ,d4 ,hoffman1 ,d4 ,john ,hampton1 ,mrs4 ,george ,w4 ,hensell1 ,edwin ,s4 ,johnston1 ,william ,t4 ,w4 ,jester1 ,william ,kennard1 ,william ,koelle1 ,william ,kennard1 ,jr41 ,harry ,kennedy1 ,j4 ,albert ,koons1 ,louisa ,d4 ,lovett1 ,john ,j4 ,lytle1 ,josiah ,w4 ,leeds1 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,charles ,h4 ,le,fevre1 ,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,lawrence1 ,rebecca ,c4 ,latimer1 ,george ,a4 ,latimer1 ,jr41 ,theodore ,j4 ,lewis1 ,mary ,lewis1 ,richard ,h4 ,lytle1 ,rev4 ,philip ,lamerdin1 ,frank ,h4 ,longshore1 ,susanna ,w4 ,lippincott1 ,benjamin ,k4 ,liveright1 ,charles ,b4 ,miller1 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,mason1 ,isaac ,p4 ,miller1 ,charles ,m4 ,morton1 ,hon4 ,j4 ,willis ,martin1 ,john ,marston1 ,mrs4 ,henry ,c4 ,mayer1 ,george ,r4 ,meloney1 ,thomas ,h4 ,mc,collin1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,cresson ,mc,henry1 ,charles ,mc,dole1 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,m4 ,mewes1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,e4 ,meyer1 ,joseph ,c4 ,noblit1 ,william ,f4 ,overman1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohl1 ,albert ,oetinger1 ,frederick ,j4 ,pooley1 ,charles ,platt1 ,laura ,n4 ,platt1 ,miss ,l4 ,n4 ,platt1 ,george ,f4 ,parker1 ,joseph ,g4 ,rosengarten1 ,george ,j4 ,reger1 ,marie ,rosenberg1 ,anthony ,w4 ,robinson1 ,francis ,b4 ,reeves1 ,mrs4 ,evan ,randolph1 ,mary ,randolph1 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,b4 ,riehl1 ,david ,scull1 ,rev4 ,f4 ,h4 ,senft1 ,p4 ,h4 ,spellissy1 ,william ,scattergood1 ,isaac ,slack1 ,dr4 ,william ,c4 ,stokes1 ,g4 ,a4 ,schwarz1 ,samuel ,snellenburg1 ,mrs4 ,samuel ,snellenburg1 ,frank ,h4 ,starr1 ,r4 ,c4 ,shafges1 ,esther ,strawbridge1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,stillwell1 ,john ,smallzell1 ,augustus ,thomas1 ,mrs4 ,george ,c4 ,thomas1 ,augusta ,thomas1 ,rev4 ,floyd ,w4 ,tomkins1 ,william ,e4 ,tatum1 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,f4 ,unger1 ,g4 ,h4 ,s4 ,uhler1 ,george ,vaux1 ,elias ,h4 ,white1 ,catharine ,a4 ,wentz1 ,emily ,whelen1 ,sarah ,s4 ,white1 ,mrs4 ,frances ,howard ,williams1 ,thomas ,b4 ,watson1 ,samuel ,l4 ,whitson1 ,william ,c4 ,warren1 ,mary ,s4 ,wetherell1 ,george ,s4 ,wetherell1 ,a4 ,j4 ,wright1 ,e4 ,m4 ,zimmerman1 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,m4 ,zimmerman4 ,,form ,,of ,,bequest ,,of ,,personal ,,property ,i give and bequeath to 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society0 the sum of 4444 ,dollars4 ,,form ,,of ,,devise ,,of ,,real ,,estate ,i give and devise to 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society0 all that certain piece or parcel of land4 7,here describe the property47 ,,article ,v4 ,the ,acting ,committee shall consist of the officers of the ,society1 ex-officio and fifty other members4 ,they shall visit the prison at least twice a month1 inquire into the circumstances of the prisoners1 and report such abuses as they shall discover to the proper officers appointed to remedy them4 ,they shall examine the influence of confinement on the morals of the prisoners4 ,they shall keep regular minutes of their proceedings1 which shall be submitted at every stated meeting of the ,society1 and shall be authorized to fill vacancies occurring in their own body1 whether arising from death or removal from the city1 or from inability or neglect to visit the prisons in accordance with their regulations4 ,they shall also have the sole power of electing new members4 ,,article ,,vi4 ,candidates for membership may be proposed at any meeting of the ,society or of the ,acting ,committee2 but no election shall take place within ten days after such nomination4 ,each member shall pay an annual contribution of two dollars4 ,if any member neglects or refuses to pay such contribution within three months after due notice has been given such person1 the ,acting ,committee may1 at its option1 strike said name from the list of members4 ,the payment of twenty dollars at any one time shall constitute a ,life ,membership4 ,any person paying not less than five hundred dollars shall be called a ,patron of the ,society4 ,,article ,,vii4 ,honorary members may be elected at such times as the ,society may deem expedient4 ,,article ,,viii4 ,the ,society shall hold an ,annual ,meeting on the fourth ,fifth-day 7,thursday7 in the ,first month 7,january7 of each year1 and ,stated ,meetings on the fourth ,fifth-day 7,thursday7 in the months of ,april1 ,july1 and ,october1 at which seven shall constitute a quorum4 ,,article ,,ix4 ,no alteration in the ,constitution shall be made unless the same shall have been proposed in writing at a stated meeting of the ,society1 held not less than three months previous to the adoption of such alteration2 and no such amendment shall be adopted unless approved by the votes of three-fourths of the members present4 ,the ,secretary shall state on the notices of that meeting that an amendment or amendments will be acted upon4 ,and not later than the usual time of sending said notices1 he shall furnish the members with written copies of the word or words1 and form of the proposed amendment displayed1 and so much of the original form of the article to be amended as will show the relation of the proposed amendment to the context1 and of the article in its amended form with all the words of the amendment displayed4 ,all other questions shall be decided1 when there is a division1 by a majority of votes2 in those where the ,society is equally divided1 the presiding officer shall have the casting vote4 ,,of ,,visitors4 ,no person who is not an official visitor of the prison1 or who has not a written permission1 according to such rules as the ,inspectors may adopt as aforesaid1 shall be allowed to visit the same2 the official visitors are3 the ,governor1 the ,speaker and members of the ,senate1 the ,speaker and members of the ,house of ,representatives2 the ,secretary of the ,commonwealth2 the ,judges of the ,supreme ,court2 the ,attorney-,general and his ,deputies2 the ,president and ,associate ,judges of all the courts in the ,state2 the ,mayor and ,recorders of the cities of ,philadelphia1 ,lancaster1 and ,pittsburg2 ,commissioners and ,sheriffs of the several ,counties2 and the 8,acting ,committee of the ,philadelphia ,society for ,alleviating the ,miseries of ,public ,prisons40 ,note3 ,now named 8,the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society40 ,,an ,,act ,,to ,,incorporate ,,the ,philadelphia ,society for ,alleviating the ,miseries of ,public ,prisons4 ,,section ,i4--,be it enacted by the ,senate and ,house of ,representatives of the ,commonwealth of ,pennsylvania1 in ,general ,assembly met1 and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same1 ,that all and every the persons who shall at the time of the passing of this ,act be members of the ,society called 8,the ,philadelphia ,society for ,alleviating the ,miseries of ,public ,prisons10 shall be and they are hereby created and declared to be one body1 politic and corporate1 by the name1 style and title of 8,the ,philadelphia ,society for ,alleviating the ,miseries of ,public ,prisons10 and by the same name shall have perpetual succession1 and shall be able to sue and be sued1 implead and be impleaded in all courts of record or elsewhere1 and to take and receive1 hold and enjoy1 by purchase1 grant1 devise1 or bequest to them and their successors1 lands1 tenements1 rents1 annuities1 franchises1 hereditaments1 goods and chattels of whatsoever nature1 kind1 or quality soever1 real1 personal1 or mixed1 or choses in action1 and the same from time to time to sell1 grant1 devise1 alien1 or dispose of2 provided ,that the clear yearly value or income of the necessary houses1 lands1 tenements1 rents1 annuities1 and other hereditaments1 and real estate of the said corporation1 and the interest of money by it lent1 shall not exceed the sum of five thousand dollars2 and also to make and have a common seal1 and the same to break1 alter1 and renew at pleasure2 and also to ordain1 establish1 and put in execution such by-laws1 ordinances1 and regulations as shall appear necessary and convenient for the government of the said corporation1 not being contrary to this ,charter or the ,constitution and laws of the ,united ,states1 or of this ,commonwealth1 and generally to do all and singular the matters and things which to them it shall lawfully appertain to do for the well-being of the said corporation1 and the due management and ordering of the affairs thereof2 and provided further1 that the objects of the ,society shall be confined to the alleviation of the miseries of public prisons1 the improvement of prison discipline and relief of discharged prisoners4 ,,sam',l4 ,,anderson1 ,speaker of ,house4 ,,thos4 ,,ringland1 ,speaker of ,senate4 ,approved the #fth day of ,april1 ,anno ,domini ,eighteen ,hundred and ,thirty-three4 ,,george ,,wolf4 ,,legal ,,change ,,of ,,name4 ,the ,following ,confirms the ,action ,relative to the ,change of the ,name of the ,prison ,society1 ,decree3 ,and now1 to wit1 this #bgth day of ,january1 ,a4 ,d4 #ahhf1 on motion of ,a4 ,sidney ,biddle1 ,esq41 the ,petition and ,application for change of name filed by 8,the ,philadelphia ,society for ,alleviating the ,miseries of ,public ,prisons10 having been presented and considered1 and it appearing that the order of court heretofore made as to advertisement has been duly complied with and due notice of said application to the ,auditor-,general of the ,state of ,pennsylvania being shown1 it is ,ordered1 ,adjudged1 and ,decreed1 that the name of the said ,society shall hereafter be 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society10 to all intents and purposes as if the same had been the original name of the said ,society1 and the same name shall be deemed and taken to be a part of the ,charter of the said society upon the recording of the said ,application with its indorsements and this ,decree in the ,office of the ,recorder of ,deeds of this ,county1 and upon filing with the ,auditor-,general a ,copy of this ,decree4 ,signed ,,joseph ,,allison4 ,record3 ,recorded in the office for the ,recording of ,deeds in and for the ,city and ,county of ,philadelphia1 on ,charter ,book ,no4 #aa1 page #ajfd4 ,witness my hand and seal of ,office this #bhth day of ,june1 ,a4 ,d4 #ahhf4 ,,geo4 ,g4 ,,pirrie1 ,recorder of ,deeds4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,obvious printer errors corrected silently4 ,inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original4