,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,v5us ,,( ,,milo     
,,! ,,v5us ,,( ,,milo                   
,,an ,,ar*eological ,,/udy ,,(          
,,! ,,goddess ,,( ,,womanhood           
,,by                                    
,,paul ,,c>us                           
,,illu/rat$                             
--,,hom]ic ,,hymn4                      
,,*icago ,,london                    ,,!
 ,,op5 ,,c\rt ,,publi%+ ,,company       
#aiaf                                   
,,copyright ,,by                    ,,! 
,,op5 ,,c\rt ,,publi%+ ,,company        
#aiaf     ,,cont5ts4                    
,,page  ,li/ ( ,illu/rations            
v  ,! ,discov]y ( a ,r>e ,art ,treasure 
#a  ,dumont d',urville's ,report        
#e  ,visc\nt ,m>cellus on 8 8,s\v5irs0  
#aa  ,debay's ,draw+                    
#ae  ,description ( ! ,/atue            
#bb  ,re/orations                       
#bg  ,rec5t ,!ories                     
#db  ,:at ! ,facts ,reveal              
#ea  ,! ,mean+ ( 8,aphrodite0           
#fb  ,! ,cult ( ,aphrodite              

#fh  ,! ,goddess ( ,w>                  
#gg  ,! ,desc5t into ,hades             
#hc  ,! ,magna ,dea ( ! ,nations        
#if  ,! ,orig9 ( ,woman                 
#aba  ,aphrodite 9 ,art                 
#ade  ,classical ,hymns                 
#aga  ,index                            
#agi     ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4      
,,page  ,! ,v5us ( ,milo                
7,frontispiece74  ,! ,field ( ,yorgos   
,bottonis                               
#b  ,! ,site ( ,melos f ! ,port         
#f  ,fragm5ts ,f\nd at ,melos           
#ab  ,debay's ,draw+ ( ,v5us            
#af  ,head ( ! ,v5us ( ,milo            
#ah  ,! ,head ( ,tralles                
#ai  ,! ,v5us ( ,milo                   
#bc  ,a ,mutilat$ ,/atue ( ,eros        
#bh  ,v5us ) ,%ield & ,p5cil            
#bi  ,v5us ) ,mirror                    
#cj  ,v5us z ,victory                   
#ca  ,draw+ by ,hasse & ,h5ke           
#cb  ,re/oration by ,furtwa5gl]         
#cc  ,saloman's ,late/ ,re/oration      
#cd  ,re/oration by ,saloman            

#ce  ,v5us ,s5d+ out ! ,dove            
#cf  ,! ,"m ( ! ,gods4 ,pa9t+ by        
,francisca ,p4 ,del ,m>              #ch
  ,v5us on ! ,swan                      
#ee  ,head ( ,v5us ( ,milo4 ,pr(ile view
                                   #eg  
,head ( ,v5us ( ,milo4 ,front view      
#ei  ,heav5ly & ,worldly ,love4 ,by     
,titian                                 
#ff  ,bir? ( ,v5us4 ,ludovisi relief    
#gj  ,detail f ! ,ludovisi ,relief      
#gb  ,w9t] & ,summ]                     
#gc  ,v5us & ,an*ises                   
#ge  ,v5us ,victrix                     
#gg  ,eros 9 ! ,und]world               
#hd  ,c>ry+ 9 ,procession ! ,symbol (   
,i/>                            #ig     
,isis & ,horus                          
#ii  ,egyptian ,repres5tation ( ! ,dead 
,man & ,8 ,s\l                  #ii     
,a/>te & ! ,dove                        
#ajj  ,! ,human-,head$ ,bird            
#aja  ,amulet ( ! ,myc5aean ,p]iod      
#ajb  ,isis & ! ,fi%                    
#ajb  ,aphrodite ) ,rabbit              

#ajc  ,relief f ,boghaz-,ki             
#ajd  ,a ,lat] ,a/>te                   
#aje  ,a ,lead5 ,idol                   
#aje  ,a/>te 9 ,cyprus                  
#ajf  ,! ,goddess ( ,navigation         
#ajg  ,s>g5t's ,a/>te                   
#ajh  ,! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,by   
,murillo                                
#aji  ,kwan-,yon & ! ,fi%               
#aaa  ,a ,poem on ,kwan-,yon            
#aab  ,b5t51 ,! ,japanese ,goddess (    
,div9e ,love                            
#aac  ,kwan-,yon4 ,by ,li ,lung-mi5     
#aad  ,kwan ,yon z ! ,buddha            
#aae  ,t'i5 ,h\1 ,que5 ( ,heav5         
#aaf  ,freya                            
#aai  ,adam & ,eve ,call$ to ,acc\nt    
#acc  ,! ,creation ( ,woman             
#acf  ,detail f ,ghib]ti's ,doors       
#acg  ,! ,creation ( ,woman4 ,by        
,mi*elangelo                            
#ach  ,adam & ,eve 9 ,p>adise4 ,by      
,gu/ave ,dor                            
#aci  ,! ,fir/ ,family4 ,by ,s*norr von 
,c>olsfeld                          #adj

  ,primitive ,man4 ,by ,gabriel ,max    
#adb  ,babylonian ,clay ,figures        
#ade  ,! ,v5us ( ,brassemp\y            
#adf  ,lak%mi                           
#adg  ,co9s ( ,cilicia1 ,t>sus1 ,gaulos 
& ,p]ga                           #adh  
,co9s ( ,p]ga 9 ,pamphylia              
#adi  ,?ree ,artemis ,m$als             
#adi  ,co9 ( ,antio*us ,eu]getes        
#aej  ,i/> on a ,co9 ( ,t>sus           
#aej  ,co9s ( ,emesa1 ,iasos ,c>ia1     
,paphos & ,lydia                        
#aea  ,! ,diana ( ,ephesus 9 ! ,vatican 
#aeb  ,! ,diana ( ,ephesus 9 ,naples    
#aec  ,cyprian ,aphrodite               
#aed  ,ar*aic ,aphrodite ) ,dove        
#aee  ,ar*aic ,v5us 9 ,pompeian ,/yle   
#aee  ,aphrodite ,sos&ra by ,kalamis    
#aef  ,aphrodite & ,ares                
#aeg  ,attic ,sculpture ( ! ,fif?       
,c5tury ,b4 ,c4                         
#aeh  ,aphrodite ( ,alcam5es1 ,kn[n z   
,v5us ,g5etrix                      #aei
  ,head ( ! ,cnidian ,v5us4 ,pr(ile     
#afj  ,! ,cnidian ,v5us ( ,praxiteles   

#afa  ,! ,v5us ( ,praxiteles on a       
,cnidian ,co9                           
#afb  ,head ( ! ,cr\*+ ,v5us            
#afc  ,v5us ,cr\*+ 9 ! ,ba?             
#afd  ,v5us ) ! ,ungu5t ,j>             
#afe  ,! ,v5us ( ,p&]ma4 ,front view    
#afg  ,! ,v5us ( ,p&]ma4 ,re> view      
#afh  ,! ,v5us ,head 9 ! ,museum (      
,b>dos                                  
#afi  ,head ( ! ,cnidian ,v5us4 ,front  
view                                #agb
  ,ano!r ,view ( ! ,cnidian ,v5us       
#age     ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,a ,,r>e    
,,art ,,treasure4   ,melos 7,italian    
,milo71 "o ( ! smalle/ ,greek isl&s1    
w\ld sc>cely be kn[n at all except to   
speciali/s 9 geography or anci5t hi/ory1
 _h n a happy accid5t br\ght to light on
 "o ( its hillsides t mo/ beautiful     
piece ( sculpture :i* ev] s9ce its      
discov]y has be5 kn[n z ! ,v5us ( ,milo4
  ,melon means apple1 & ! isl& ( ,melos 
7! 8apple isl&07 belongs to ! ,cyclades1
 be+ ! mo/ s\!rn & we/]n memb] ( t gr\p4
 ,x lies almo/ /raight we/ f ! s\!rn tip

 ( ! ,peloponnesus & 9 a direction s\?  
to s\?-we/ f ,a!ns4  ,melos 0 inhabit$ 9
 anci5t times by ,dorians :o sympa?iz$ )
 ,sp>ta aga9/ ,a!ns1 b :5 ! ,a!nians    
conqu]$ x aft] a mo/ /ubborn resi/ance  
!y slaught]$ ! entire ,dorian male      
population & replac$ !m by ,a!nian      
coloni/s4 ,s9ce !n ! isl& rema9$        
absolutely fai?ful to ,a!ns1 9 fact x 0 
! la/ possession :i* /ill belong$ to    
,a!ns :5 ! ,ionian conf$]acy broke up1 &
 ! fri5dly relations betwe5 ,melos & h] 
metropolis cont9u$ ev5 aft] ,greece _h  
become a ,roman prov9ce4  ,illu/ration3 
,,! ,,field ,,( ,,yorgos ,,bottonis4    
,cross %[s :]e ! ,v5us 0 f\nd4 7,f !    
,c5tury ,magaz9e1 #ahha1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4   
#ii47  ,on ?is isl& ( ,melos1 a peasant 
by ! "n ( ,yorgos ,bottonis & 8 son     
,antonio1 :ile cle>+ away ! /ones ne> ! 
ru9s ( an anci5t !at] 9 ! vic9ity (     
,ca/ro1 ! capital ( ! isl&1 came        
accid5tally across a small und]gr\nd    
cave1 c>efully cov]$ ) a heavy slab &   
conceal$1 :i* conta9$ a f9e m>ble /atue 

9 two pieces1 toge!r ) sev]al o!r m>ble 
fragm5ts4 ,?is happ5$ 9 ,febru>y1 #ahbj4
  ,! ,rev4 ,oiconomos1 ! village prie/  
:o guid$ ! f9d] 9 ?is matt]1 invit$ ,m4 
,l\is ,bre/1 ! ,fr5* consul ( ,melos1 to
 see ! /atue & (f]$ x to him 79 ,m>* ( !
 same ye>7 = #bj1jjj francs4 ,m4 ,bre/  
does n seem to h be5 9 a hurry to buy1 b
 he claims to h writt5 to ! ,fr5* m9i/] 
at ,con/ant9ople4 ,"o ?+ is sure1 no    
answ] _h come by ,april :5 ,8 ,fr5*     
,maje/y's good %ip 8,*evrette0 happ5$ to
 ca/ an*or 9 ! h>bor at ,melos & an     
ensign on bo>d1 ,monsieur ,dumont       
d',urville1 w5t to see ! /atue4 ,!      
inability to sell x _h br\ght ! price   
d[n1 & ! f9d] 0 will+ to "p ) x to ! "y 
,fr5*man = only #abjj francs4 ,m4       
d',urville 0 m en]getic ?an ,m4 ,bre/ & 
z soon z he rea*$ ,con/ant9ople ! ,fr5* 
,m9i/] at once au?oriz$ a c]ta9 ,c\nt   
,m>cellus1 a memb] ( ! ,fr5* embassy1 to
 g to ,melos & procure ! /atue4  ,c\nt  
,m>cellus arriv$ on ! ,fr5* vessel      
8,e/afette0 9 ,may1 b f\nd t ! /atue 9 !

 meantime _h be5 sold to a c]ta9        
,nikolai ,morusi = #dhjj francs & _h j  
be5 plac$ abo>d a little brig b\nd =    
,con/ant9ople1 ! home ( ! buy]4 ,at ?is 
juncture ! ?ree ,fr5*m51 ,m4 ,bre/1 ,m4 
d',urville & ,c\nt ,m>cellus1 decid$ n  
to let _! treasure s easily escape !m1 s
 ,m4 ,bre/ prote/$ be=e ! ,turki%       
au?orities t ! b>ga9 _h be5 conclud$1   
decl>+ t ,bottonis _h no "r to sell 8   
prize to any o!r p>ty4 ,!y ev5 ?reat5$  
to use =ce &1 be+ back$ by ! ,fr5* m>9]s
 ( ! 8,e/afette10 said t "u no          
conditions w\ld !y all[ ! /atue to leave
 ! h>bor4  ,:ile ! ?ree ,fr5*m5 claim$ t
 ,france 0 entitl$ to h ! /atue = #abjj 
francs !y 7 will+ to pay n only #dhjj   
francs1 ! price promis$ by ,morusi1 b   
#fjjj francs4 ,! new buy] _h n yet paid 
& s ! peasant 0 satisfi$ ) ! ca% (f]$   
him1 :ile ! ,turki% au?orities did n c>e
 ei!r way4 ,?us x came to pass t !      
valuable m>ble 0 transf]r$ to ! ,fr5*   
w>%ip on ,may #be1 #ahbj1 7s at lea/    
runs ! orig9al report )\t ! fanta/ic    

/ory ( a battle7 & aft] mu* cruis+ 0    
c>ri$ to ,con/ant9ople :]e x 0 plac$ on 
! 8,lionne10 ano!r ,fr5* %ip b\nd =     
,france & de/9$ to br+ home ! ,fr5*     
,m9i/]1 ,m>quis de ,rivire4 ,! 8,lionne0
 rea*$ ,france 9 ,octob]1 #ahbj1 & !    
/atue 0 deliv]$ at ! ,l\vre 9 ,febru>y1 
#ahba4     ,,dumont ,d',,urville',s     
,,report4   ,! mo/ important passage (  
,dumont d',urville's report#a ab\t !    
discov]y ( ! /atue reads 9 an ,engli%   
translation ?us3  8,! ,*evrette set sail
 f ,t\lon on ,april #c 7#ahbj7 9 !      
morn+1 & an*or$ on ! sixte5? 9 !        
road/ead ( ,milo4444  8,on ! #ai? ,i w5t
 to look at "s antique pieces discov]$  
at ,milo a few days be=e our arrival4   
,s9ce !y seem to me wor?y ( att5tion ,i 
%all "h record ! result ( my obs]vation 
9 "s detail4444  8,ab\t ?ree weeks be=e 
our arrival at ,milo a ,greek peasant   
digg+ 9 8 field 444 came across "s /ones
 ( consid]able size4 ,z ^! /ones 444 _h 
a c]ta9 value1 ?is consid]ation enc\rag$
 him to dig /ill fur!r1 & s he succe$$ 9

 cle>+ out a sort ( recess 9 :i* he f\nd
 a m>ble /atue toge!r ) two h]mae & "s  
o!r pieces1 likewise ( m>ble4           
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,site ,,( ,,melos ,,f
 ,,! ,,port4  ,:ite cross %[s :]e !     
,v5us 0 f\nd4 7,f ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e1   
#ahha1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ii7  8,! /atue 0 9 
two pieces jo9$ 9 ! middle by two small 
iron t5ons4 ,fe>+ he w\ld lose ! fruit (
 8 toil1 ! ,greek _h ! upp] "p ( ! two  
h]mae c>ri$ away & deposit$ 9 a /able4  
,! re/ 7 left 9 ! cave4 ,i exam9$ all v 
c>efully1 & ! v>i\s pieces seem$ to me 9
 good ta/e1 z f> z my slight acqua9tance
 ) ! arts p]mitt$ me to judge ( !m4  8,i
 measur$ ! two p>ts ( ! /atue sep>ately 
& f\nd x v ne>ly six feet 9 height2 x   
repres5t$ a nude woman ^: left h& 0     
rais$ & held an apple1 & ! "r support$ a
 g>m5t drap$ 9 easy folds & fall+       
c>elessly f h] lo9s to h] feet4 ,bo? h&s
 h be5 mutilat$ & are actually deta*$ f 
! body4 ,! hair is coil$ 9 ! back & held
 up by a b&eau4 ,! face is v beautiful &
 well pres]v$ except t ! tip ( ! nose is

 injur$4 ,! only rema9+ foot is b>e2 !  
e>s h be5 pi]c$ & may h conta9$ p5dants4
  8,all ^! attributes w\ld seem to agree
 well en\gh ) ! ,v5us ( ! judgm5t (     
,p>is2 b 9 t case :]e w\ld be ,juno1    
,m9]va & ! h&some %eph]d8 ,x is true t a
 foot clad 9 a co?urnus & a ?ird h& 7   
f\nd at ! same "t4 ,on ! o!r h& ! "n ( !
 ,isl& ,melos has a v close connection )
 ! ^w  :i* means apple4 ,might n ?is    
simil>ity ( ! words h indicat$ ! /atue  
by its pr9cipal attribute8  8,! two     
h]mae 7 ) x 9 ! cave4 ,beyond ?is fact  
!re is no?+ rem>kable ab\t !m4 ,_!      
height is ab\t ?ree feet & a half4 ,"o  
is surm\nt$ by ! head ( a woman or *ild 
& ! o!r by ! face ( an old man ) a long 
be>d4  8,! entrance to ! cave 0 surm\nt$
 by a piece ( m>ble f\r feet & a half   
long & ab\t six or eight in*es wide4 ,x 
bore an inscription ( :i* only ! fir/   
half has be5 respect$ by ,"t4 ,! re/ is 
entirely effac$4 ,?is loss is           
ine/imable2 444 at lea/ we might h le>n$
 on :at occasion & by :om ! /atues _h   

be5 d$icat$4  8,at any rate ,i h        
c>efully copi$ ! rema9+ *>act]s ( ?is   
inscription & ,i c gu>antee !m all      
except ! fir/1 ( :i* ,i am n sure4 ,!   
space :i* ,i indicate = ! defac$ "p has 
be5 measur$ 9 proportion to ! lett]s :i*
 are /ill legible3  344444444444        
4444444444444            8,! p$e/al ( "o
 ( ! h]mae also bore an inscription b   
its *>act]s _h be5 s mutilat$ t x 0     
impossible = me to deciph] !m4  8,at !  
"t ( our passage to ,con/ant9ople !     
ambassador ask$ me ab\t ?is /atue & ,i  
told him :at ,i ?\ght ab\t x1 & s5t to  
,m4 de ,m>cellus1 secret>y ( ! embassy1 
a copy ( ! inscription j giv54 ,^u my   
return ,m4 de ,rivire in=m$ me t he _h  
acquir$ ! /atue = ! museum & t x _h be5 
put on bo>d "o ( ! vessels at ! l&+4    
,h[ev]1 on our second trip to ,milo 9 ! 
mon? ( ,septemb] ,i regrett$ to le>n t !
 affair 0 n yet end$4 ,x seems t !      
peasant1 tir$ ( wait+1 _h decid$ to sell
 ?is /atue = ! sum ( #gej pia/]s to a   
neighbor+ prie/ :o wi%$ to make a pres5t

 to ! dragoman ( ! ,capta9 ,pa*a1 & ,m4 
de ,m>cellus came j at ! mom5t :5 x 0   
be+ %ipp$ to ,con/ant9ople4 ,9 despair  
at see+ ?is f9e piece ( antiquity ab\t  
to escape him he made e ef=t to recov]  
x1 & ?anks to ! m$iation ( ! primates ( 
! isl& ! prie/ f9ally cons5t$1 b n )\t  
reluctance1 to ab&on 8 pur*ase & give up
 ! /atue4444  8,on ,april #be 9 ! morn+ 
we d\bl$ ! promontory indicat$44440  ,i 
und]/& f ,m4 ,dumont d',urville's report
 t ! /atue 0 9 8two p>ts0 ea* ab\t ?ree 
feet high1 t bo? h&s 7 mutilat$ & deta*$
 f ! body10 & t he _h reason to believe 
t ! 8left h& 0 rais$ & held an apple & !
 "r support$ a g>m5t40 ,i say 8he _h    
reason to believe0 x1 b he positively   
speaks z if he _h se5 x al?\gh ?is _c be
 ! case1 = he contradicts ?is fact by ! 
unequivocal /atem5t t ! h&s 8are        
actually deta*$ f ! body40 ,he says1 8x 
repres5t$ a nude woman1 etc40 & ! ^w    
8repres5t$0 ne$ n mean t x 0 complete ) 
all ! limbs intact & 9 _! prop] places4 
,obvi\sly ,m4 d',urville "h describes ! 

/atue re/or$ ) ! fragm5ts :i* 7 f\nd 9 !
 cave1 7 b\ght ( ! f9d]1 ! peasant      
,bottonis1 & are n[ pres]v$ 9 a glass   
case 9 ! ,l\vre at ,p>is4 ,"o ( ^!      
fragm5ts is a h& hold+ an apple1 & !re  
is also a portion ( an arm4  ,?is       
int]pretation is important 9 s f> z     
discussions h aris5 9 lat] ye>s z to !  
orig9al position ( ! h&s :5 attempts to 
re/ore ! /atue 7 made1 & !n ! claim 0   
made t ! /atue _h be5 f\nd complete1 t x
 _h be5 brok5 by ! ,fr5* sailors 9 its  
transportation & t ! ,fr5* au?orities _h
 be5 c>eless 9 h&l+ ! :ole affair4      
,,visc\nt ,,m>cellus ,,on ,,8           
8,,s\v5irs40   ,x is important to "k !  
facts ) reg>d to ! debris f\nd toge!r ) 
! s-call$ ,v5us ( ,milo1 z /at$ by a    
second eye witness1 ! ,visc\nt          
,m>cellus4 ,he wrote 8 rem9isc5ces on ! 
,v5us ( ,milo 9 a book entitl$ ,s\v5irs1
 & ! second edition ( ?is 0 review$ by  
,l5ormant4 ,9 answ] to "s objections ( !
 latt] ! ,visc\nt publi%$ 8a la/ ^w on !
 ,v5us ( ,milo40#b  ,9 ?is he enum]ates 

z foll[s ! objects br\ght away f ! cave 
:]e ! ,v5us _h be5 f\nd3  8,no4 #a4 ,!  
nude upp] "p ( ! /atue4  8,no4 #b4 ,!   
l[] drap$ portion4  8,yorgos1 _! orig9al
 own] 444 gave me at ! same "t ?ree     
small accessories ( ! /atue f\nd 9 a    
field ne> by4444 ,^! 73  8,no4 #c4 ,!   
top ( ! hair commonly call$ ! *ignon1   
etc4  8,no4 #d4 ,a %apeless & mutilat$  
=e-arm4  8,no4 #e4 ,"p ( a h& hold+ an  
apple4  8,! la/ two objects seem$ to me 
to be ( ! same k9d ( m>ble & ( a gra9   
ne> en\gh l t ( ! /atue1 b ,i c\ld n    
tell :e!r !y c\ld reasonably be assum$  
to belong to a ,v5us ^: attitude ,i no  
long] rememb]$4444  ,illu/ration3       
,,fragm5ts ,,f\nd ,,at ,,melos4#c ,nos4 
#d & #e ( ,visc\nt ,m>cellus's li/4  8,!
 primates at ! same "t s5t me ! ?ree    
h]mae 7,nos4 #f1 #g & #h7 :i* 7 /ill at 
,ca/ro1 & a left foot 9 m>ble 7,no4 #i7 
:i* _h be5 f\nd 9 ! neighborhood ( !    
field ( ,yorgos l[] d[n t[>d ! valley   
:]e ! burial caves are4  8,!y wi%$ also 
to give me ! inscription f\nd 9 ! same  

locality :i* ,i _h already se5 9 _! t[n4
 ,x is ! "o :i* comm5ces ) ! ,greek     
words3  4444  8,i "h repeat t ) ?is     
exception ,i took away f ,milo ev]y?+   
:i* _h be5 tak5 f ! gr\nd ) ! ,v5us or  
ne> by1 & ,i h no remembrance ( hav+ se5
 !re1 mu* less ( hav+ receiv$ or acquir$
 myself1 any o!r ,greek inscription :i* 
made m5tion ( a sculptor ) a mutilat$   
"n1 etc4 ,( c\rse ,i w\ld be eag] en\gh 
) any?+ t might be able to ?r[ light on 
! discov]y1 & s9ce 9 my ,s\v5irs de     
l',ori5t 7,i1 p4 #bdi7 ,i cite an       
epigraph ( almo/ no significance ,i w\ld
 n witt+ly or neglig5tly h omitt$ any   
,greek lett]s ne> ! excavation or relat+
 to its details4 ,nei!r %\ld x be =gott5
 t 9 fact ,i indicate only #8?ree h]mae1
 "s p$e/als & o!r bits ( m>ble debris'  
7,i1 p4 #bcg7 z ! result ( ,yorgos's    
successive excavations2 & fur!r d[n 7p4 
#dh7 ^! same h]mae & o!r antique        
fragm5ts )\t ev] speak+ ( any           
inscription40  ,! inscription m         
completely m5tion$ by ,dumont d',urville

 has also be5 publi%$ by ,cl>ac ) only a
 few insignificant v>iations4 ,he adds !
 miss+ ,b at ! beg9n+1 reads ,i 9 place 
( ,e1 & has two 's4 ,x is a votive      
inscription :i* has no connection ) our 
,v5us4 ,be+ ( little value1 ! au?orities
 ( ! ,l\vre did n take good c>e ( x & x 
is n[ lo/4 ,! probable mean+ ( !        
inscription is 8,bak*ios1 7son (7 ,atios
 ! subgymnasi>* 7has donat$7 ! arcade & 
! 444 he has erect$ accord+ to a v[ to  
,h]mes1 ,h]acles1 4440         99       
99       99       99       99  ,^!      
reports ( two eye-witnesses are         
important n s mu* = :at !y conta9 z =   
:at !y d n conta94 ,nei!r ,m4 ,dumont   
d',urville nor ,visc\nt ,m>cellus       
m5tions ! "n ( ! arti/ ( ! /atue4 ,an   
inscription is copi$ by bo? 9 :i*       
,bac*us1 ,h]mes & ,h]acles are m5tion$1 
b no ref]5ce is made to ! "n ( ,ages&]  
or ,alex&] ( ,antio* z hav+ be5 se5 on a
 fragm5t ( ! p$e/al--an arti/ :o makes 8
 appe>ance 9 a my/]i\s way & ^:         
acqua9tance we %all make 9 ! next *apt]4

 ,moreov]1 s9ce o!r pieces ( debris 7   
f\nd ei!r 9 ! cave or 9 a neighbor+     
field1 !re is no reason :atev] t any "o 
( !m1 let alone ! left h& hold+ an      
apple1 %\ld h be5 atta*$ to our /atue4  
,we %all h occasion to ref] to ^! po9ts 
aga94     ,,debay',s ,,draw+4   ,! fam\s
 ,fr5* pa9t] ,david happ5$ to be 9 exile
 at ! "t ( ! discov]y ( ! ,v5us ( ,milo1
 &1 tak+ an especial int]e/ 9 ?is       
wond]ful piece ( anci5t art1 he induc$  
"o ( 8 disciples1 a c]ta9 ,debay1 to h 8
 son ,augu/e ,debay1 a "y art /ud5t1    
make a draw+ ( ! /atue z soon z x 0 put 
up 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,?is draw+ 0 aft]w>ds    
publi%$ by ,m4 de ,cl>ac 9 8 8,notice0 &
 we "h republi% x on acc\nt ( !         
importance x has ga9$ z a docum5t 9 !   
hi/ory ( ! /atue4  ,debay's draw+ %[s a 
pl9? be>+ an inscription & also exhibit+
 a squ>e hole 9 ! gr\nd ne> ! left foot 
( ! /atue4 ,! angle ( vision is indicat$
 by ! l9e 8xx0 :i* %[s ! height f :i* ! 
/atue 0 view$ by ,m4 ,debay4 ,! po9t a  
corresponds to ! place ( ! eye project$ 

horizontally at a di/ance 9 front :i* _c
 h be5 m ?an "o & "o-half times ! height
 ( ! /atue4 ,geometrically ?is place is 
det]m9$ by ! int]section ( two l9es     
,illu/ration3 ,,debay',s ,,draw+ ,,(    
,,v5us4  f a & b con/ruct$ 9 a          
horizontal plane at "r angles to !      
v]tical axis ( ! /atue4  ,! inscription 
on ! p$e/al ( ,m4 ,debay's draw+ reads3 
444--  444              8 444 &ros son (
 ,m5ides ( ,antio*ia on ! ,mai&ros40    
,s9ce ( ! la/ miss+ lett] be=e !  ! l[e/
 /roke ( a ,greek  or ( an  is          
disc]nible 9 ! draw+1 ! "n mu/ h read   
8,alex&ros0 or 8,ages&ros40 ,?is man _c 
h liv$ be=e ! ?ird c5tury ,b4 ,c4       
because 8 native city ,antio* on !      
,mae&] 0 f\nd$ by ,antio*us ,i1 ! second
 ( ! ,diado*s 7#bhj-bfa ,b4 ,c47        
,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,kir*h(f's view ! 
"* ( ! lett]s belongs to ! fir/ c5tury &
 may 9 8 op9ion be dat$ back at mo/ to !
 middle ( ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c4  ,we h
 no in=mation :atev] :y ! pl9? 0 jo9$ to
 ! /atue4 ,all we "k ab\t x is t x      

appe>s on ! ,debay draw+ & is lo/ n[1 b 
x cont9ues to be a my/]y to ar*eologi/s4
  ,"s consid] x z g5u9e & d5\nce !      
au?orities ( ! ,l\vre = _! extraord9>y  
c>elessness 9 hav+ all[$ s important a  
docum5t to be lo/1 & o!rs see no reason 
:y ?is  ,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,( ,,!    
,,v5us ,,( ,,milo4  ,illu/ration3 ,,!   
,,head ,,( ,,tralles4  piece ( m>ble :i*
 possess$ no significance :atev] %\ld be
 s highly treasur$4  ,if ! piece ( !    
p$e/al ) ! inscription belong$ to !     
/atue1 = :i* assumption1 z we h se51 !re
 is no reason :atev]1 ! /atue w\ld be ( 
a comp>atively late date1 b we really d 
n "k :at ! pl9? be>+ ! "n 8 444 &ros0   
has to d ) ! /atue4  ,ar*eologi/s h     
discov]$ o!r heads %[+ a rem>kable      
simil>ity 9 _! features to ! ,v5us (    
,milo4 ,among !m is a head discov]$ 9   
,tralles1 ,asia ,m9or1 :i* %[s almo/ !  
same face z ! ,v5us ( ,milo4 ,s close is
 ! resemblance t bo? seem to h be5 made 
aft] ! same model4 ,x may be t "o has   
be5 copi$ f ! o!r or bo? *isel$ f a     

common prototype4 ,we "h reproduce !    
heads ( bo?1 aft] half-tone pictures    
publi%$ by ,saloman4#d  ,ov]beck        
believes t ! ,v5us ( ,milo is n an      
orig9al4 ,he says3 8,x seems p]missible 
to d\bt ! orig9ality ( ?is composition1 
& to ref] x back to an old] orig9al :i* 
we c no long] det]m9e1 z ! common       
prototype ( ! /atue ( ,milo & ( o!r     
simil> /atues4 ,= ?is reason !re w\ld be
 no objection to assign+ ! orig9 ( our  
/atue to ! p]iod ( imitation4 ,al?\gh ,i
 deem ! dep5d5ce ( ! /atue ^u an old]   
orig9al assur$1 ,i am dis9cl9$ to d5y a 
c]ta9 degree ( orig9ality1 b 9 ^? v     
features :i* ,i deem to be orig9al are !
 v m>ks ( a late revision40  ,conze#e   
comp>es our ,v5us ( ,milo ) ! /yle ( !  
,p]gam5e sculptures1 & 9 8 essay on !   
results ( ! excavation at ,p]gamum1 page
 #ga1 he calls att5tion to ! fact t !   
w>m tone ( ! sk9 & ! sket*y me?od ( !   
treatm5t ( ! hair seem *>act]i/ic ( a   
lat] p]iod1 po9t+ out ! simil>ity ( a   
piece ( ,p]gam5e sculpture ) ! head ( ! 

,v5us ( ,milo4  ,%all we assume t ?is   
head ( ,tralles is old] ?an ! ,v5us (   
,milo & t we mu/ look ^u ! art (        
,p]gamum z ! s*ool 9 :i* our arti/1     
,ages&] or ,alex&] or :oev] he may h    
be51 drew 8 inspiration8 ,we h no       
positive pro( on ei!r side b int]nal    
evid5ce speaks 9 favor ( reg>d+ ! ,v5us 
( ,milo z orig9al1 & we _c place any    
confid5ce 9 ! g5u95ess ( ! pl9? 9 !     
,debay draw+1 s may reg>d ! /atue z ! "w
 ( a classical1 ?\gh unkn[n1 ,a!nian    
arti/1 or at lea/ "o :o work$ = ,a!ns & 
h] temples4     ,a ,,description ,,( ,,!
 ,,/atue4   ,we h be=e u 9 ! /atue ( !  
,v5us ( ,milo "o ( ! greate/ ma/]pieces 
( anci5t ,hellas1 & x is ( second>y     
importance :e!r or n x 0 ! arti/'s      
int5tion to repres5t ! goddess ( love & 
beauty4 ,surely ?is "w ( art repres5ts  
womanhood at its be/--a noble fem99e    
figure 9 full maturity1 n a maid5 b     
fully develop$1 a wife or "m2 & yet n z 
a "m ) a *ild1 nor z a wife ) h] husb&1 
b simply z a woman4  ,!re is no?+       

frivol\s ab\t h]1 no coquetry1 no?+     
amor\s4 ,h] eyes betray n ! slighte/ t\*
 ( a s5sual emotion1 n t s5tim5tal      
moi/ness1   z ! ,greeks call$ x1 & !reby
 ! arti/ succe$$ 9 transfigur+ nak$     
beauty by a self-possess$ *a/ity        
unrival$ 9 ! art ( /atu>y4  ,! cons5sus 
( art admir]s1 :i* is almo/1 ?\gh n q1  
univ]sal1 sees 9 ?is m>ble ! great      
"m-goddess1 das ewig ,weibli*e1 idealiz$
 fem99ity1 ! goddess ( beauty & love1   
:om ! ,greeks call$ ,aphrodite & !      
,romans ,v5us4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,v5us
 ,,( ,,milo4  ,! goddess 7if we may s   
call h]7 /&s be=e u erect 9 que5ly      
dignity4 ,h] dress is fall+ d[n leav+ ! 
upp] body entirely uncov]$1 & yet 9     
spite ( ! nudity ( ! figure we are /ruck
 ) its unp>allel$ purity & nobility (   
expression4  ,! /atue has suff]$ _m     
injuries4 ,bo? arms h be5 brok5 (f & are
 n[ lo/1 & s is ! left foot4 ,! tip ( ! 
nose has be5 re/or$1 & !re are scrat*es 
& cudgel m>ks all ov] ! body :i* c\ld n 
be m5d$ )\t de/roy+ ! orig9al "w 9 !    

g5]al treatm5t ( ! sk94 ,! e>s are      
pi]c$1 s !re mu/ orig9ally h be5 e>r+s  
:i* robb]s _h torn away be=e ! /atue 0  
secret$ 9 ! cave4  ,a l9e 9 ! hair ( !  
/atue %[s holes :i* prove pla9ly t on   
top ( ! head !re mu/ h be5 a coronet l t
 commonly worn by ,greek goddesses &    
call$ by ! ,greeks 1 8sl+10 because ) ! 
/r+s atta*$ x resembles a sl+4 ,x 0 worn
 especially by ! ,que5 ( ,heav51 ,h]a 7!
 ,juno ( ! ,roman pan!on74  ,s9ce ! arms
 h be5 brok5 (f & lo/1 ! arti/'s        
conception ) reg>d to ! po/ure c only be
 surmis$4 ,! face is calm & )\t passion4
 ,x we>s a comm&+ expression1 app>5tly )
 a sugge/ion ( surprise1 ev5 (          
self-def5ce4  ,judg+ f ! muscles ( !    
left %\ld] ! left arm mu/ h be5 rais$4  
,sometimes x has be5 claim$ t ! brok5 h&
 ) ! apple1 :i* ) o!r debris 0 f\nd 9 ! 
neighborhood1 belong$ to ! /atue2 & t ! 
apple be+ ! emblem ( ,v5us & at ! same  
"t t ( ! isl& ( ,milo z well1 ! /atue   
repres5t$ ! patron goddess ( ! isl&1 b  
?is is v d\btful4 ,ar*eologi/s are n 9  

full accord ^u ?is po9t = ! m]e reason t
 ! fragm5t ( ! h& ) ! apple is ( r\gh   
workman%ip & is commonly judg$ z n wor?y
 ( ! /atue2 at be/ x might be reg>d$ z !
 "w ( an anci5t re/oration4 ,all        
critics1 h[ev]1 are pretty well agre$ t 
! "r h& mu/ h grasp$ = ! fall+ g>m5t1   
prelim9>ily held up by ! rais$ knee4  ,!
 ,v5us ( ,milo is at pres5t ! pride ( ! 
,l\vre at ,p>is1 & ! place :]e %e /&s on
 acc\nt ( h] pres5ce alone may be lik5$ 
to an anci5t pagan %r9e1 comp>able to ! 
room 9 ! ,dresd5 gall]y :]e ! ,si/9e    
,madonna /&s1 ! latt] be+ a ,*ri/ian    
c\nt]p>t ( ! =m]4  ,our ,bless$ ,lady ( 
,milo1 z we may call ?is beautiful      
repres5tative ( ,greek paganism 9       
imitation ( ,veit ,val5t9's "n ,die hohe
 ,frau von ,milo1 has always a gr\p (   
admir+ visitors sitt+ quietly be=e h]1 &
 !re is (t5 a hu% 9 ! room :i* recalls !
 sanctity ( religi\s *apels att5d$ by   
quiet wor%ip]s4 ,!re is a sacr$         
atmosph]e surr\nd+ ! /atue & ev5 !      
hurri$ globe-trott] feels t he has come 

into ! pres5ce ( "s div9ity t ex]ts h]  
influ5ce ^u ! _w n by might1 b by       
beauty1 grace & lovel9ess4              
,,re/orations4   ,_m attempts h be5 made
 to re/ore ! /atue ( ! ,v5us ( ,milo1 & 
we "h reproduce a numb] ( !m1 b none (  
!m h prov$ successful4 ,x almo/ seems1 z
 ! ,g]man poet ,he9ri* ,he9e some:]e    
says1 t ! ,v5us ( ,milo 9 h] helpless   
condition ) h] arms brok5 (f appeals m  
to our sympa?y ?an 9 h] orig9al         
condition ( glory :5 %e receiv$ ! homage
 ( fai?ful wor%ip]s1 & x is true ! v    
mutilat$ =m is extremely attractive 9   
its pres5t dilapidat$ /ate4 ,brok5 by   
fanatics ( a ho/ile fai?1 %e repres5ts 9
 dignity & beauty ! natural *>m ( ,greek
 religion at its be/4 ,! hordes ( bigot$
 monks v5t$ _! hatr$ ) especial wra?    
aga9/ ! goddess ( love & also aga9/ h]  
son1 ,eros1 z may be se5 f a figure (   
?is god repres5t$ 9 8 da9tie/           
y\?fulness4 ,"h too ! m>ks ( ! clubs ( a
 furi\s mob are visible1 betray+ ! same 
_s z 9 ! treatm5t ( ! ,v5us ( ,milo4 ,x 

is ! fanaticism ( ascetic fr5zy 9 !     
bitt]ness  ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,mutilat$  
,,/atue ,,( ,,eros4  ( its wra? aga9/   
nature 9 g5]al & love 9 p>ticul> t %[$  
itself 9 ^! iconocla/ic demon/rations4  
,illu/ration3 ,,v5us ,,) ,,%ield ,,&    
,,p5cil4  ,we regret n[ ! de/ruction ( !
 ,greek idols z a b>b>ic w>f>e wag$ ^u  
art4 ,we h begun to sympa?ize ) !       
vanqui%$ gods1 & ar*eologi/s are try+ to
 re/ore :at e>ly ,*ri/ianity ru?lessly  
de/roy$ or mutilat$4  ,illu/ration3     
,,v5us ,,) ,,mirror4  ,^? re/or]s ( !   
,v5us ( ,milo :o reject ! g5u95ess ( !  
"r h& hold+ an apple enjoy ! greate/    
lib]ty 9 _! "w ( recon/ruction1 & we f9d
 "s ( !m repres5t+ our ,v5us z hold+ a  
%ield on h] knee & writ+ ^u x4 ,o!rs    
assume t h] "r h& holds a mirror1 :ile  
/ill o!rs :o claim t !re is no necessity
 ( int]pret+ ! /atue to be a ,v5us1     
believe h] to be a ,victory or ,nik1 &  
put wrea?s 9 h] h&s4  ,illu/ration3     
,,v5us ,,z ,,victory4  ,probably by ,t4 
,bell4  ,illu/ration3 ,,draw+ ,,by      

,,hasse ,,& ,,h5ke4  ,hasse & ,h5ke h   
treat$ ! problem ( re/oration f ! /&po9t
 ( anatomy1 & plausibly claim t ! left  
h& %\ld be rais$ high] ?an o!r re/or]s h
 propos$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,re/oration   
,,by ,,furtwa5gl]4  ,! re/oration (     
,furtwngl]1 accord+ to :i* ! goddess    
re/s h] left arm on a column & holds an 
apple 9 h] h&1 has = a long "t          
,illu/ration3 ,,saloman',s ,,late/      
,,re/oration4  be5 consid]$ ! mo/       
probable1 & yet ev5 ?is c sc>cely be    
reg>d$ z satisfactory4  ,illu/ration3   
,,re/oration ,,by ,,saloman4  ,mr4      
,geskel ,saloman1 a ,sw$i% ar*eologi/1  
also places a column at h] left side &  
uses x = h] elb[ to re/ on4 ,9          
consid]ation ( "s anci5t descriptions ( 
a dramatic c]emony p]=m$  ,illu/ration3 
,,v5us ,,s5d+ ,,out ,,! ,,dove4  ,vase  
picture aft] ,creuz]1 ,deuts*e ,s*rift51
 #ahdf1 ,i1 ,,ii1 p4 #bch4  ,reproduc$ f
 ! ,erba* ,collection4  at ,cor9? he    
places a dove on h] "r h&4 ,! idea is t 
hav+ receiv$ ! apple z ! prize ( beauty 

%e s5ds out ! dove to h] wor%ip]s to    
ann\nce h] triumph & in=m !m t !y may   
celebrate ! victory4  ,veit ,val5t9     
attempts to con/ruct 8 re/oration out ( 
! data furni%$ by ! m>ble itself & seems
 to come ne>e/ to ! tru?4 ,he assumes t 
! goddess1 :5 9 ! act ( undress+ = a    
ba?1 f9ds h]self surpris$ by an intrud]4
 ,!re is no fe> or al>m 9 h] attitude1 b
 %e raises h] h& 9 prote/ ) a self-pois$
 assurance & grasps ) h] "r h& ! fall+  
g>m5t :i* %e attempts to support by a   
hurri$ motion ( h] left knee4 ,we regret
 t we h n se5 ei!r a picture or a /atue 
( ?is re/oration1 b we are deeply       
impress$ t ?is idea is mo/ probably     
correct4  ,! late/ re/oration comes f   
,francisca ,paloma ,del ,m> 7,frank     
,paloma7 :o places a *ild on ! left arm 
( ! goddess1 & ?is conception is def5d$ 
9 a special pamphlet by ,alex&] ,del    
,m>4#f  ,mr4 ,del ,m> br+s out ! idea t 
! rev]5ce 9 :i* ! great "m goddess 0    
held among ! pagans 0 n sub/antially    
diff]5t 9 piety f ,*ri/ian ,madonna     

wor%ip1 & ?is view is br\ght out 9 !    
pa9t+ by ! arti/  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,"m
 ,,( ,,! ,,gods4  ,f a pa9t+ by         
,francisca ,p4 ,del ,m>4  ,frank ,paloma
 "h reproduc$4 ,mr4 ,del ,m> ?9ks t !   
pagan goddess s]v$ ! inhabitants (      
,melos z a ,*ri/ian ,virg94 ,he says3   
8,:at m natural ?an = ! pi\s isl&]s (   
,melos1 t]rifi$ by ! h>% edicts (       
,!odosius1 to simply burn ! p$e/al &    
inscription belong+ to _! pagan goddess1
 & cont9ue to wor%ip "u ano!r "n ! same 
embodim5t ( t holy s5tim5t ( love &     
mat]nity :i* !y _h hi!rto be5 accu/om$  
to adore40  ,mr4 ,del ,m> relies on !   
te/imony ( ,c\nt ,m>cellus :o f9ally    
conclud$ ! b>ga9 9 ! "n ( ! ,fr5*       
gov]nm5t & quotes him z say+ 9 8        
,s\v5irs de l',ori5t1 ,i1 #bee3 8,x c be
 demon/rat$ t ! /atue repres5t$ !       
,panagia or ,holy ,virg9 ( ! little     
,greek *apel ^: ru9s ,i saw at ,milo40  
,x seems to u t ! /atue _c h c>ri$ a    
*ild on h] left arm because ! m>ble w\ld
 %[ m trace ( pressure :]e ! "m mu/ h   

t\*$ ! babe1 ev5 :5 we make all[ance = a
 poli%+ 9 ! re/or$ portions2 & we w\ld  
sugge/ fur!r t ! arm c>ry+ ! *ild w\ld  
be held f>!r d[n4 ,:5 a "m c>ries a     
*ild1 h] upp] & l[] arms are naturally  
at "r angles & ! position ( hav+ !m at a
 v acute angle at ! elb[ appe>s q       
artificial4  ,! haloes plac$ ^u ! heads 
( "m & *ild & ! apple ( empire 9 !      
infant's h& are attributes belong+ to ! 
,*ri/ian era & s con/itute o!r          
objections to ,mr4 ,del ,m>'s           
re/oration4 ,! halo is ( late pagan     
orig91 & 9 ! =m ( rays x 0 fir/ us$ to  
*>act]ize gods ( light1 z = in/ance     
,helios & ,sel5e4 ,! r\nd =m ( ! nimbus 
is lat] /ill & seems to h aris5 ) !     
developm5t ( ! art ( pa9t+4 ,! apple (  
empire 0 n us$ 9 ! days ( antiquity b   
appe>s frequ5tly 9 ,con/ant9ople & 9    
e>ly ,*ri/ian symbolism4  ,)\t ent]+    
into details we leave x to ! ta/e ( !   
read] :e!r he w\ld select any ( ^!      
re/orations z a possible solution ( !   
problem3 we pref] to admire ! /atue z x 

appe>s n[2 = aft] all ! brok5 figure    
/ill rema9s de>] to u 9 its wond]ful &  
appeal+ beauty ?an any ( ! re/orations4 
,we ourselves believe t mod]n man w come
 to ! conclusion t 9 ?is image 9 its    
pres5t %ape we h a noble m>tyr ( anci5t 
paganism4 ,ev5 ! orig9al /atue itself 9 
all its p]fection1 if x c\ld be re/or$  
to u z x came fre% f ! arti/'s work%op1 
c\ld n replace ! torso z we "k x n[4    
,?is is ! reason :y we d n take a great 
int]e/ 9 ! v>i\s re/orations ( ! ,v5us (
 ,milo1 & !re=e are n incl9$ to und]take
 a close /udy ( !m or to ent] into an   
elaborate recapitulation ( ^! o!rwise q 
laudable attempts4 ,we c only say t none
 ( ! re/orations "h discuss$ seems to   
solve ! problem4 ,nev]!less we d n      
believe ! problem to be beyond !        
possibility ( solution1 & we w /ate     
briefly :at 9 our op9ion ! facts sugge/4
  ,we believe t among all ! propositions
 made by re/or]s ! simple/ "o1 t ( ,veit
 ,val5t91 alone des]ves our int]e/4  ,if
 we consid] ! dom9at+ motive ( ! /atue  

we mu/ grant t x nei!r belongs to ! v   
e>lie/ times 9 :i* ,v5us 0 fully dress$1
 nor to ! late/ 9 :i* nudity1 int5sifi$ 
9 its sugge/iv5ess by prud]y1 _h ne>ly  
become ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( !     
deity ( love4 ,x takes its place 9 !    
mid/ ( ,greek art developm5t :5 ! fir/  
attempt 0 made to %[ ! human =m1 & ?is  
is done 9 su* a way z n to g to !       
extreme ( a complete d5udation b only   
sugge/s x &1 z x 71 ) a prote/ on ! "p (
 ! goddess4 ,= ! attitude ( ! /atue     
pla9ly indicates t ! goddess endeavors  
to ret>d ! fall+ g>m5t s z to give ! "r 
arm a mom5t's "t to grasp x & to hold x 
up4 ,x is m ?an m]ely probable t ! left 
arm 0 rais$ t[>d an unexpect$ intrud] 9 
w>n+ n to approa*4 ,!re is no fe> 9 !   
expression ( ! face1 no fright1 no      
anticipation ( dang]4 ,! :ole attitude  
makes u suspect t ! miss+ left h& 0     
rais$ ) a =bidd+ ge/ure1 express+ !     
comm&1 ,ne prorsum6 ,ne plus ultra6     
,noli me tang]e6     ,,rec5t ,,!ories4  
,! /atue discov]$ on ! isl& ( ,milo     

acquir$ a fame beyond ! greate/         
expectations1 & ! int5se int]e/ tak5 9 x
 frequ5tly gave rise to bitt]           
discussions ab\t its hi/ory & ! causes (
 its mutilation4 ,?us x happ5$ t !      
au?orities ( ! ,l\vre1 or ev5 ! ,fr5*   
gov]nm5t itself1 7 held responsible = ! 
sad /ate ( desolation 9 :i* x n[ appe>s4
  ,accusations 7 made t ?is v5]able     
piece ( classic art _h be5 treat$ )     
inexcusable neglect1 t important        
inscriptions belong+ to x _h be5 lo/1 & 
! claim 0 ev5 made t ! /atue 0 :ole at !
 "t x 0 f\nd4 ,! dissatisfi$ p>ties     
int]pret$ ,m4 ,dumont d',urville's      
report 9 ! s5se t he _h se5 ! /atue     
:ole1 quot+ f 8 description3 8,x        
repres5t$ a nude woman ^: left h& 0     
rais$ & held an apple & ! "r support$ a 
g>m5t drap$ 9 easy folds & fall+        
c>elessly f h] lo9s to h] feet40 ,?is 9 
_! op9ion meant t ,m4 d',urville _h se5 
! /atue complete 9 ?is po/ure :5 he     
b\ght x4 ,! s5t5ce :i* runs1 8,bo? h&s h
 be5 mutilat$ & are actually deta*$ f ! 

body10 accord+ to ?is cont5tion is to be
 int]pret$ t ?is mu/ h happ5$ be=e !    
,fr5* p>ty deliv]$ ! /atue to ! ,l\vre1 
probably at ! "t :5 ! ,fr5* m>9es =c$   
its transf] f ! ,turki% brig to ! ,fr5* 
w>%ip 8,e/afette40  ,! po9ts rais$ 9 ?is
 discussion ov]look "s significant facts
 :i* if duly consid]$ dispose ( ! claim 
t ! /atue 0 :ole & unmutilat$ :5        
discov]$ & sold to ,m4 ,dumont          
d',urville4 ,visc\nt ,m>cellus enum]ates
 ! objects discov]$ 9 ! cave & m5tions  
fragm5ts ( ! /atue f\nd 9 ! field ne>by4
 ,c\ld he1 an eye witness1 h believ$ t x
 0 :ole & unmutilat$ :5 he assumes t a  
numb] ( sep>ate fragm5ts belong$ to x8  
,x is n impossible t ! qu>rel betwe5 !  
,fr5* m>9es & ! ,turks 0 a regul> fight2
 t !y came to bl[s1 b sc>cely to %ots4  
,if !re _h be5 any fatalities we w\ld h 
he>d ( x 9 ! fir/ report ( ! acquisition
 ( ! /atue2 b no s]i\s w\nds 9 ! /ruggle
 are m5tion$ ev5 9 ! lat] report1 al?\gh
 9 x we le>n ( a fight on ! bea* ab\t ! 
possession ( ! /atue1 & ?is lat] became 

humor\sly exagg]at$ into a battle       
involv+ drawn cutlases & a ble$+ e>4  ,!
 discussion 0 r5ew$ 9 #aiab by ,m4      
,alc>d :o laid mu* emphasis ^u !        
te/imony ( ,lieut5ant ,matt]]1 a comrade
 ( ,m4 ,dumont d',urville4 ,he is claim$
 to h felt su* disgu/ ab\t ! endless    
disputes on ! orig9al =m ( ! ,v5us (    
,milo t he wi%$ to put an end to !m4 ,he
 says3 8,:5 ,i saw ! /atue 9 ! hut (    
,yorgos ,bottonis on ^: field x 0 f\nd1 
! left arm 0 atta*$ to ! bu/ & held an  
apple ov] h] head40  ,?is positive      
/atem5t /&s 9 pla9 contradiction to !   
old] records & x seems t ! imag9ation ( 
! valiant naval (fic] play$ 8 memory a  
trick aft] ! lapse ( ne>ly half a       
c5tury4 ,p]haps x is impossible to      
evolve ! exact tru? def9itely1 b x seems
 to me t we mu/ n e/imate ^! lat]       
te/imonies too highly1 = x w\ld be m    
difficult !n to expla9 ! actual         
condition ( ! /atue & its agreem5t ) !  
old] descriptions1 ?an n[ to acc\nt = ^!
 lat] depositions ( a few excitable &   

imag9ative m5 :o feel t !y h some?+ (   
great importance to decl>e4 ,moreov]1 ! 
mo/ important witness1 ,lieut5ant       
,matt]]1 is *>act]iz$ 9 ^! acc\nts z 8an
 (fic] ( great m]it b no lit]>y         
cultivation10 :i* does n seem to make 8 
op9ion especially reliable4  ,! ,sunday 
,record-,h]ald ( ,*icago 7,nov4 #bd1    
#aiab7 conta9s a summ>y ( ?is lat] phase
 ( ! discussion z to ! condition ( !    
,v5us ( ,milo f :i* we quote a few      
passages t 9 spite ( ! s5sational "* ( !
 acc\nt may be ( int]e/4 ,! ,am]ican    
report]1 rely+ on 8 ,fr5* s\rces1 says3 
8,! great ,?i]s began 8 />t 9 j\rnalism 
by a /udy ( ?is ,v5us & ! riddle ( h]   
arms4 ,s :5 he became presid5t ( ! ,fr5*
 republic he ord]$ ! ambassador to      
,greece1 ,jules ,f]ry1 to make a trip to
 ,melos & pick up local tradition4 ,f]ry
 did bett]4 ,he f\nd ! son & nephew /ill
 alive1 ,antonio & ,yorgos ,jr4 #8,!y h 
gr[n to be beautiful old m5--:ite-be>d$1
 ruddy1 robu/ & bright-ey$1' report$    
,f]ry4 #8,exam9$ sep>ately be=e ! ,fr5* 

vice-consul at ,ca/ro !y decl>$ /eadily1
 ) m9ute details & explanatory ge/ures &
 poses1 t ,v5us1 :5 !y f\nd h]1 0 /&+   
upright on h] p$e/al1 h] "r arm su/a9+  
h] drap]ies & h] left arm rais$ &       
ext5d$1 its h& hold+ an apple4'0  ,i    
assume t ! old ,greek peasants spoke    
,greek1 & s ,m4 ,f]ry probably und]/ood 
_! mean+ ma9ly f _! 8explanatory ge/ures
 & poses0 :i* might z well h express$ _!
 idea ( ! orig9al attitude ( ! /atue z !
 way 9 :i* !y actually saw x4  8,!      
popul> /ory ( ! c\ntryside also10       
cont9u$ ,f]ry's report1 8is a tale (    
battle4 ,at fifty ye>s' di/ance !       
recollection rema9s & tradition is n yet
 born4 ,! discov]y ( ! ,v5us ,victrix1 !
 dispute ( :i* %e 0 ! object1 ! fight on
 ! bea*1 ! victory ( ! ,fr5* & h] f9al  
abduction viol5tly impress$ ! isl&]s--& 
! impression rema9s40  8,! battle ( !   
bea*0 is describ$ 9 s5sational t]ms4 ,! 
,fr5* w>-s*oon] 8,e/afette0 _h rea*$    
,melos 9 ,may #ahbj1 :5 h] comm&] ,rob]t
 saw ! ,greek brig 8,galaxidion0 7fly+ !

 ,turki% flag7 an*or$ ne>by1 & to !     
con/]nation ( himself & ,m>cellus1 !    
secret>y ( ! ,fr5* embassy at           
,con/ant9ople1 !re appe>$ on %ore at !  
foot ( ! hill a cr[d ( ,greek & ,turki% 
sailors labori\sly transport+ ! upp]    
half ( ! /atue t[>d t same ,turki% brig4
 ,! acc\nt cont9ues3  8,! ,greeks &     
,turks advanc$ sl[ly1 *ang+ %ifts &     
repos+4 ,m>cellus & ,rob]t look$ 9 ea*  
o!r's eyes4 #8,!re's j "t1' said ,rob]t4
 ,!y arm$ a long-boat full ( m>9es1     
,m>cellus & ,rob]t ) !m 9 comm&1 & rea*$
 ! %ore j z m5 f a ,turki% long-boat    
came runn+ to protect _! bre?r54 ,f !   
hill ( ,ca/ro ,m4 ,bre/1 ! ,fr5*        
vice-consul1 0 mak+ good "t to ! mle4   
,cutlasses & clubs op5$ ! dance4  8,!   
,turks dropp$ ! m>ble idol4 ,ar\nd ,v5us
 x 0 sla% & p>ry1 kick1 bite1 jab1 g\ge 
& roll4 ,a cutlass takes (f a ,turki%   
e>4 ,en\gh c>nage6 ,:5 y fly ! ,turki%  
flag y don't soak ! s&s ) y\r life-blood
 = a grav5 image made aga9/ ! law ( !   
,prophet4 ,! ,turks pull = ! brig4 ,!   

,fr5* h copp$ ! pe]less "o1 ,v5us       
,victrix1 impassive1 />es pa/ !m at !   
:ite-capp$ sea1 :]e %e 0 born4 ,is !re a
 fa9t smile ( satisfaction on ! lovely  
lips8  8,! /ret*] _h be5 injur$4 ,all 7 
excit$4 ,hurry1 ! ,turks may return 9   
=ce6 ,t /ret*] is no good4 ,put roll]s  
"u ! flat ( ! block4 ,pull on ! ropes6  
,att5tion6 ,! bu/ is slipp+6 ,malheur1  
%e's on h] back8 ,tant pis66 ,n[1 my    
*ildr51 yet ano!r ef=t6 ,good old       
long-boat6 ,emb>k6 ,x 0 hot "w1 b %e's  
ours4 ,be/ say z little z possible ab\t 
x4 ,monsieur le ,vice-,consul1 y w      
please to arrange ! settlem5t ( ?is     
annoy+ episode diplomatically6          
8,negotiations la/$ two days4 ,f9ally ! 
,turki% brig c$$ to ! ,fr5* ! l[] "p ( !
 /atue2 b :5 ! #8,e/afette' sail$ =     
,piraeus4 ,v5us bore irrep>able w\nds4  
8,s !y say4 ,su* is said to be !        
secret--or "p ( x4 ,among fragm5ts (    
m>ble ga!r$ up aft] ! battle ( ! bea* 7 
debris ( h] arms--9 p>ticul> ( !        
beautiful left arm :i* ,,mm4 d',urville 

& ,matt]] _h se5 entire on h] %\ld]1    
lift+ ! triumphal apple60  ,! report (  
,m4 ,f]ry makes ! trip f ,p>is to ,melos
 wor? :ile & may h pleas$ ! le>n$       
presid5t ( ! republic1 ,m4 ,?i]s4 ,!    
,am]ican report]'s acc\nt ?r[s light on 
! !ory sugge/$ by ! results ( ,m4       
,f]ry's trip3  8,v5us ,victrix 0 receiv$
 9 ,p>is by ! ,c\nt de ,cl>ac1 curator (
 ! ,l\vre1 !n ,royal ,museum4 ,did he "k
 ( ! fight8 ,p]haps4 ,0 x to =e/all a   
possible h9t t a ,fr5* w>-%ip c\ld      
attack & plund] ! w>-%ip ( a fri5dly p[]
 9 pr(\nd peace1 or to prev5t a dream ( 
! impossible possibility t ! m>vel\s    
/atue c\ld h be5 mutilat$ 9 any ,fr5*   
h&s1 by accid5t or o!rwise1 t he assumes
 ,v5us to h be5 dug up 9 its pres5t     
condition80  ,! (ficial report ( ,c\nt  
de ,cl>ac :5 ! /atue 0 receiv$ at !     
,l\vre runs z foll[s3  8,bu/ & front h  
sc>cely suff]$ f ! ravages ( "t4 ,!y    
keep ! velvety sk9 ( a ma/] ( ! great   
,greek p]iod1 :o1 aft] poli%+1 once m   
skimm$ ! *isel ov] ! p]fect "w4 ,b "h & 

!re are slight lesions1 due1 probably1  
to c>eless pick/rokes 9 digg+ h] up4 ,! 
%\ld]s h be5 mu* damag$1 traces ( cords 
indicate t %e 0 dragg$ along ! %ore t[>d
 ! ,turki% brig1 & 9 t fatal passage !  
%\ld]s & haun*es 7 scrap$ & worn1 sev]al
 f+] bread?s be+ tak5 (f ! =m]40  ,!    
f]tile imag9ation ( ! acc\nt *anges !   
,greek brig 8,galaxidion0 into a ,turki%
 man-(-w> s z to impress ! read] t !re  
is a diplomatic secret to be hidd5 :i*  
might involve ! ,fr5* au?orities into a 
w> ) ,turkey4 ,! cause1 be+ ab\t !      
goddess ( love1 w\ld be q romantic b a  
w> is s]i\s en\gh to make ! au?orities  
wi% to avoid x & pref] to ca/ a %ad[ (  
my/]y ov] ! :ole affair4  ,we %all see  
lat] t ! mutilations ( ! /atue ne$ n h  
orig9at$ f c>eless h&l+ on ! "p ( !     
,fr5* m>9es :5 !y took possession ( !   
/atue4  ,"h is ano!r passage :i*        
describes ! nature ( ! injuries ( !     
,v5us /atue )\t1 h[ev]1 be+ pro( ( !    
battle ( ! bea*3  8,! %\ld] has be5     
brok51 n m]ely scrap$ & worn1 by dragg+4

 ,& ! au?or ( ano!r report1 ,m4 ,lange1 
*ief re/or] ( ! ,royal ,museum 9 #ahbj1 
speciali/ ( va/ exp]i5ce & a workman to 
boot1 notes c]ta9 exfoliations or       
scrap+s ( ! left arm fragm5ts #8runn+   
/raight up on to ! %\ld] ( ! /atue1 &   
f\nd also on ! back ( ! h& fragm5t1 :i* 
%[ t ^! diff]5t p>ts =m$ "o ) ! %\ld]2 &
 ^! /raight scrat*es c\ld only h be5    
made1 all foll[+ ! same direction1 :5 ! 
left arm 0 entire6'0  ,?is quotation is 
made to prove t ! arm 0 /ill connect$ ) 
! /atue be=e x 0 scrap$ along ! gr\nd1 b
 may n ?is scrap+ h tak5 place be=e x 0 
hidd5 9 ! cave8  ,! ,l\vre's acquisition
 ( ! ,v5us ( ,milo prov$ 9 "s respects a
 mis=tune to ! ,c\nt de ,cl>ac4 ,*>les  
,l5ormant1 ! ar*eologi/1 9 a            
contribution to ! ,correspondant 9 #ahed
 m]cilessly attack$ ! director ( !      
,l\vre & 8 /aff1 say+ 7z report$ 9 !    
,record-,h]ald73  8,i h always believ$ t
 f ! beg9n+ to bett] accr$it a          
production :i* is its own be/ pro(s1 !y 
design$ly caus$ to disappe> accessories 

:i* might d]ange ! idea t !y _h j       
conqu]$ a *ef-d'oeuvre ( ! gr& epo* (   
,greek art4 ,?us1 besides ! arms1 !y    
suppress$ ! debris ( an inscription40   
,c we ent]ta9 ! suspicion t ! au?orities
 ( ! ,l\vre purposely de/roy$ !         
inscription assum$ to h be5 f\nd ) !    
debris ( ! ,v5us ( ,milo & t !y         
suppress$ facts or ! k ( facts :i* might
 be> te/imony aga9/ _! *]i%$ !ories z to
 ! prov5i5ce ( _! favorite piece ( art8 
,sc>cely6 ,! inscription1 z we h se51 0 
d\btless lo/ because nobody c>$ = x1 =  
!re 0 no evid5ce t x belong$ to ! /atue4
     ,,:at ,,! ,,facts ,,reveal4   ,(   
all ! /atues ( classical antiquity !    
,v5us ( ,milo is ! greate/ favorite1 n  
only ) ! public at l>ge b ) art critics 
z well1 & x is /range t ! /atue has     
acquir$ ?is popul>ity1 = x is by no     
means p]fect 9 conception nor has x be5 
made by any "o ( ! fam\s arti/s4 ,!     
sculptor is ei!r n kn[n at all or1 if ! 
p$e/al be>+ ! "n ( ,ages&ros or         
,alex&ros actually belong$ to ! /atue1  

he 0 a man unkn[n to fame1 & x seems    
difficult to po9t out ! reasons :i* give
 to ?is mo/ badly wreck$ piece ( m>ble  
its peculi> *>m4  ,we _c help ?9k+ t !  
arti/ work$ aft] a liv+ model & foll[$  
details pretty fai?fully4 ,x has be5    
notic$ = in/ance t ! feet ( ! ,v5us are 
l>g] ?an ^? ( ! av]age woman ( to-day & 
! head is unusually small4 ,9 fact ?is  
close adh]5ce to actual life may be !   
ma9 secret ( ! *>m ( ! /atue1 = on      
acc\nt ( ?is reality !re is a p]sonal   
elem5t 9 x1 & we c almo/ read ! "* ( !  
woman :o /ood z a model4 ,we see at once
 an abs5ce ( any & e lascivi\s trait q  
common to ,v5us figures ( a lat] p]iod1 
& 9 ! face !re is a rem>kable           
unconsci\sness ( self4  ,we may assume t
 ! arti/ belong$ to ! fam\s s*ool (     
,rhodes or to ! gr\p ( ^? arti/s :o made
 ,p]gamum fam\s ) _! "w1 b no /atem5t c 
be made ) c]ta9ty4 ,^u ar*eological     
gr\nds we _c place ! date ( ! /atue     
e>li] ?an ab\t #djj ,b4 ,c41 nor lat]   
?an ! fir/ "p ( ! second c5tury ,b4 ,c41

 & ?is op9ion is ma9ly bas$ ^u !        
excell5t workman%ip1 ! peculi> w>m? ( ! 
sk9 z well z ! classical simplicity ( ! 
/atue z a :ole4 ,x appe>s t ?is valuable
 piece ( art is wor?y ( a ,phidias1 a   
,praxiteles1 a ,lysippos1 or a ,scopas4 
,hav+ se>*$ art books 9 va9 = an        
explanation ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,v5us ( ,milo
 & its tragic fate1 we w "h briefly     
recapitulate :at ! simple facts ( !     
/atue1 its workman%ip1 its sad &        
mutilat$ condition & also its place (   
discov]y1 c tea* u4  ,! /atue %[s a few 
scrat*es :i* indicate t x may h be5     
dragg$ along ! gr\nd1 b ! m>ble be>s    
innum]able ind5tations :i* c sc>cely be 
expla9$ o!rwise ?an z due to bl[s )     
heavy /icks or clubs4 ,! /ory ( ,m4     
,f]ry recapitulat$ 9 ! =ego+ *apt] does 
n suffice4 ,"s mutilations may be due to
 a r\gh h&l+ 9 transportation1 b !      
scrat*es are few & ! cudgel m>ks are _m4
 ,app>5tly ! /atue has /ood an attack ( 
a mob ( infuriat$ enemies :o hat$ !     
goddess & reg>d$ h] z a devil--z !      

patron deity ( ! wor/ ( s9s4 ,%e mu/ h  
endur$ a t]rible p]secution at ! h&s (  
implacable enemies1 & ^! enemies c only 
h be5 ,*ri/ians4  ,x is obvi\s t ! /atue
 has be5 hidd51 & we ne$ n d\bt t x 0   
conceal$ by pagan wor%ip]s :o want$ to  
pres]ve ! effigy ( ! goddess4 ,! m>ks ( 
brutal treatm5t visible all ov] ! body (
 ! /atue indicate t ! fair goddess _h   
be5 mo/ furi\sly belabor$ z if 9        
corporeal *a/isem5t ) rods & any weapons
 t happ5$ to be at h&4 ,! arms are brok5
 & we mu/ assume t ! /atue 0 upset &    
?r[n f its p$e/al4 ,probably ! goddess  
fell on h] "r %\ld] :i* is cru%$1 :ile !
 left arm exhibits a smoo? fracture z if
 x _h be5 brok5 by ! concussion ( !     
fall4 ,if ! arms are n ! fragm5ts       
enum]at$ by ,c\nt ,m>cellus & n[ pres]v$
 9 ! ,l\vre1 !y mu/ h be5 lo/2 possibly 
!y 7 sma%$ to small fragm5ts4  ,c we    
assume t ! prov9cial population ( a     
small isl& c\ld h produc$ ! greate/     
piece ( art ( antiquity8 ,c\ld a few    
f>m]s h engag$ a sculptor :o mu/ h be5 !

 equal ( ,phidias & ,scopas8 ,if ! /atue
 _h repres5t$ ! tutel>y goddess ( !     
isl&1 w\ld n "s ,greek au?or h allud$ to
 its exi/5ce2 w\ld n ,pausanias h       
m5tion$ ! fact8 ,! idea t ! /atue 0 (   
indig5\s workman%ip is a m]e assumption 
& by no means probable4 ,b :5ce c !     
/atue h come1 & h[ did x f9d its way to 
?is little isl& 9 ! gean ,sea8  ,?is "q 
is n unansw]able2 we ne$ only consid] ! 
hi/ory ( ! isl& & its political         
connections4  ,! isl& ( ,milo 0 too     
small a place to h a temple t c\ld af=d 
a /atue ( su* extraord9>y value1 & we   
mu/ assume t x 0 c>ri$ ?i!r on a %ip4   
,a!ns is ! only place t we c ?9k ( :i*  
might h be5 its orig9al home4  ,! e>ly  
c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era 7 tr\blesome  
times4 ,lawlessness prevail$ & a g5]al  
decad5ce _h set 91 :i* 0 due to ! _m    
civil w>s 9 bo? ,greece & ,italy4 ,!    
e/abli%m5t ( ! ,roman empire *eck$ !    
progress ( deg5]ation b only 9 ext]nal  
appe>ance4 ,9 reality a moral & social  
det]ioration cont9u$ to take an ev]     

/rong] hold ^u ! p4 ,! old religion     
broke d[n & ! new fai? 0 by no means s  
ideal 9 ! beg9n+ z x is frequ5tly       
repres5t$ by writ]s ( ecclesia/ical     
hi/ory4  ,our notions conc]n+ ! vici\s  
"* (  ,illu/ration3 ,,v5us ,,on ,,!     
,,swan4  ,a kylix f ,capua4  anci5t     
paganism are entirely wrong4 ,ev5 !     
wor%ip ( ,aphrodite & ( ! ,ph5ician     
,a/>te 0 by no means degrad$ by t gross 
s5sualism ( :i* ! fa!rs ( ! *ur*        
frequ5tly accuse x4 ,:]ev] we meet )    
orig9al expressions ( ! pagan fai? we   
f9d deep rev]5ce & *ildlike piety4 ,9 _m
 respects ! wor%ip ( ,i/> 9 ,babylonia &
 ,a/>te 9 ,ph5icia1 ( ,isis 9 ,egypt1 ( 
,a!ne1 ,aphrodite & ,h]a 9 ,greece1 ( ! 
,roman ,juno1 & ,v5us1 ! special        
protectress ( ! imp]ial family1 0 noble 
9 all ma9 features1 & did n diff]       
greatly f ! cult ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y dur+ ! 
,middle ,ages4 ,we %all discuss ?is     
phase 9 a subsequ5t *apt] & "h reproduce
 an anci5t platt] :i* is ascrib$ by     
ar*eologi/s to ! f\r? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & 

%[s a noble & s]5e ,v5us :o is fully    
drap$ & fly+ on a swan4  ,:5 ,*ri/ianity
 spread ov] ! ,roman empire1 ! city (   
,a!ns 0 ! la/ /ronghold ( paganism1 b   
ev5 !re ! mass ( ! population _h become 
,*ri/ian4 ,!re 0 a "t 9 ! developm5t (  
,*ri/ianity :5 x 0 ho/ile n only to     
anci5t pagan my?ology b also to pagan   
sci5ce & to pagan art4 ,?is 0 ! age 9   
:i* almo/ all ! /atues ( ! ,greek gods 7
 ei!r de/roy$1 or maltreat$ & %att]$ s t
 n "o has come d[n to u unmutilat$4     
,pr(4 ,f4 ,c4 ,conybe>e ( ,univ]sity    
,college1 ,ox=d1 describes conditions ( 
t age 9 8 translation ( ! ,apology &    
,acts ( ,apollonius & ,o!r ,monum5ts (  
,*ri/ianity1 z foll[s3  8,! obvi\s way (
 scot*+ a f\l demon 0 to sma% 8 idols2 &
 we f9d t an enorm\s numb] ( m>tyrs e>n$
 _! cr[n 9 ?is mann]1 especially 9 !    
?ird c5tury1 :5 _! rapidly increas+     
numb]s r5d]$ !m bold] & m ready to make 
a display ( _! intol]ance4              
,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,v5us ,,( 
,,milo4  ,pr(ile view4  ,sometimes !    

good s5se or ! worldly prud5ce ( ! ,*ur*
 int]v5$ to set limits to s favorite a  
way ( c\rt+ m>tyrdom2 & at ! ,synod (   
,elvira1 c4 ,a4 ,d4 #cje1 a canon 0     
pass$1 decl>+ ! practice to be "o n met 
) 9 ! ,gospel nor record$ ( any ( !     
,apo/les1 & d5y+ to ^? :o 9 future      
resort$ to x ! honors ( m>tyrdom4 ,b 9  
spite ( ?is1 ! mo/ popul> ( ! sa9ts 7 ^?
 :o _h resort$ to su* viol5ce & e>n$ _! 
dea? by x2 & z soon z ,*ri/ianity fairly
 got ! upp] h& 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ! wreck+
 ( temples & ! sma%+ ( ! idols ( !      
demons became a mo/ popul> amusem5t )   
:i* to grace a ,*ri/ian fe/ival4 ,z we  
turn ov] ! pages ( ! m>tyrologies1 we   
wond] t any anci5t /atues at all escap$ 
^? s5seless outbur/s ( zealotry40  ,x   
mu/ h be5 9 "o ( ^! 8outbur/s (         
zealotry0 t "o ( ! temples ( ,aphrodite 
0 attack$ & ! /atue ( ! goddess brutally
 assault$4 ,! mutilat$ /atue presumably 
lay prone ^u ! gr\nd at ! foot ( its    
p$e/al at ! ov]turn$ alt>1 & _h to suff]
 "u ! clubs ( fanatical zealots4 ,:5    

night broke 9 & ! riot]s s\ght _! homes1
 ! few fri5ds ( paganism1 p]haps !      
prie/s1 p]haps "s well-to-d philosoph]s 
& admir]s ( ! anci5t ,greek             
civilization1 came to ! rescue4 ,!y met 
/eal?ily at ! place ( ! tumult & ) !    
assi/ance (  ,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,(   
,,! ,,v5us ,,( ,,milo4  ,front view4  _!
 s]vants _h ! /atue c>ri$ away d[n to a 
%ip at an*or 9 ! h>bor4 ,be=e ! riot    
c\ld be r5ew$ on ! next morn+ ! %ip set 
sail = ! isl& ( ,milo :]e ! devotees ( !
 goddess may h _h fri5ds1 or :]e        
possibly "o ( _! own numb] possess$ a   
f>m4 ,!re !y hid ! /atue1 & x is c]ta9 t
 ! act ( concealm5t 0 done 9 ! greate/  
ha/e1 = x 0 only lightly cov]$ ov]1 & a 
m>k1 discov]$ lat] on by c>eful         
inve/igation ( ! place ( hid+1 0 scrat*$
 into ! curb/one on ! wayside to        
indicate ! spot4  ,?is explanation seems
 to me simple en\gh to be acceptable4 ,!
 facts seem to tell x4 ,consid] ! age :5
 paganism broke d[n2 consid] !          
fanaticism ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 !        

uncultur$ mobs l$ by fanatical monks1   
mobs capable ( te>+ to pieces a noble   
woman--,i ref] to ,hypatia--9 !         
conviction t !y 7 do+ a good de$ pleas+ 
9 ,god's sight4 ,o!r /atues ( pagan gods
 h receiv$ exactly ?is treatm5t4 ,is x  
possible to expla9 ! cudgel m>ks on !   
/atue ( ! ,v5us ( ,milo diff]5tly8  ,x  
seems /range t ?is explanation has n be5
 (f]$ be=e4 ,! data ( ! conditions 9 :i*
 ! /atue 0 f\nd1 ! place ( hid+1 !      
political relation ( ,melos to ,a!ns1 & 
! "* bo? ( ! few pagans & ( ! multitudes
 ( ,*ri/ians :o liv$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( !     
,*ri/ian era1 tell u ! /ory ( ! /atue1  
its sad fate & :y x f\nd "h a safe place
 ( concealm5t4  ,! pagan remnant 0 small
 & kept quiet = fe> ( p]secution1 b we  
may v well imag9e h[ !y liv$ 9 ! hope t 
paganism w\ld celebrate a revival1 t !  
/orms ( ^! b>b>\s outbur/s w\ld pass by 
& ! temples ( ! gods w\ld be re/or$ 9   
all _! anci5t glory4 ,!n w\ld come ! "t 
to br+ ! goddess back to h] anci5t      
dwell+ place1 to raise h] alt> aga9 &   

light ! sacrifice anew4 ,b ?\gh ! riots 
ceas$ & ! au?orities re/or$ ord]1 ?\gh =
 a %ort "t a pagan emp]or sat aga9 on ! 
?rone ( ,cs>1 ! anci5t gods nev] return$
 & ,*ri/ianity p]man5tly replac$        
paganism4 ,! devotees ( ! lo/ cause di$ 
)\t see+ _! hope fulfill$4 ,! desecrat$ 
/atue rema9$ hidd5 & _! secret 0 buri$ )
 !m 9 ! grave4     ,,! ,,mean+ ,,(      
8,,aphrodite40   ,! etymology ( ! "n    
,aphrodite is d\btful4 ,! ,greeks d]iv$ 
x f ! ^w   foam1 because ! goddess 0    
said to h ris5 f ! foam ( ! sea4 ,?is   
wild guess ( anci5t ,greek philology may
 h be5 responsible = ! fable t ,uranus  
7,heav57 nightly embrac$ ,gaia 7,e>?7   
until he 0 attack$ & mutilat$ by 8      
rebelli\s son ,kronos4 ,uranus1 depriv$ 
( 8 creative ability1 retir$ to !       
outskirts ( ! _w4 ,my?ologi/s assume t  
h]e) ! creation ( ! raw mat]ial ( !     
univ]se ceas$1 b t ! g5]ative pr9ciple  
be+ n[ m+l$ ) ! sea *ang$ into foam1    
:5ce rose ! goddess t repres5ts all     
f]tility & creativ5ess 9 bo? vegetable &

 animal doma9s4  ,if ?is leg5d ( ! orig9
 ( ,aphrodite is n simply ! product ( ! 
wrong etymology ( h] "n#g x is assum$ to
 h be5 import$ f ,ph5icia4 ,! only o!r  
simil> my? kn[n is f\nd among ! ,s\?    
,sea isl&]s :]e ,rangi 7,heav57 & ,papa 
7,e>?7 embrac$ "o ano!r s closely t no  
life c\ld orig9ate1 ,rangi be+ reg>d$ z 
a great blue canopy ( /one4 ,!n ,tane   
,mahuta1 _! y\nge/ son1 correspond+ to  
,kronos1 ! y\nge/ *ild ( ,uranus &      
,gaia1 cruelly sep>at$ ! c\ple & =c$ 8  
fa!r upw>d & press$ 8 "m d[n1 ?us becom+
 ! creator ( life on e>?4#h  ,! anci5t  
,greeks 7 poor philologi/s & simil>     
failures ( etymological speculation are 
q common among !m4 ,?us !y expla9$ !    
orig9 ( names l ,h]acles z 8! fame (    
,h]a10 or ,amazon z 8! woman )\t        
brea/s10 or ,prome!us z 8! =e?9k]10 etc4
 ,all ^! d]ivations are wild & obvi\sly 
wrong guesses1 nor may our mod]n        
philologi/s1 ?\gh m sci5tific1 be always
 exactly correct4 ,we are taught n[ by  
comp>ative philology t ,prome!us1 !     

firebr+]1 is ! ,sanskrit ^w prama?yus1  
8! drill]10 d5ot+ ! h>d /ick#i :i* by a 
swift rotation 9 a s(t piece ( wood     
produces ! sp>k t calls =? ! b5efic5t   
flame4  ,?is explanation seems probable 
b we _c say t our etymologies ( o!r     
names h be5 equally successful4  ,"o    
rec5t int]pretation ( 8,aphrodite0 w\ld 
make u reg>d ! "n z an ,egyptian        
importation1 expla9+ ! ^w to mean       
,aph>adat1 8! gift ( ,ra10 ! sun-god1   
d]iv$ f ,pha ,raa ,da-t ) ! pro/hetic   
,a2 b ?is1 l ! sugge/$ d]ivation (      
,psy*e f ,pha ,sakhu1 8! mummy10 seems  
to be a m]e accid5t ( homophony4 ,o!r   
,greek names su* z ,elysion f ,aalu1 !  
,elysian ,fields ( ! ,egyptians1 ,*>on f
 ,k]e1 driv] or skipp] 7f]ryman71 are   
bett] atte/$1 b if ! "n ,aphrodite came 
f ,egypt ! cult ( a goddess by t "n & "*
 has be5 lo/ or oblit]at$4         99   
99       99       99       99           
,orig9ally ,aphrodite 0 ! same figure z 
,h]a or ,juno1 ,artemis or ,diana &     
,pallas ,a!ne or ,m9]va4 ,^! female     

deities are diff]5tiations ( ! idealiz$ 
& p]sonifi$ activities ( womanhood3 ,h]a
 z ! que5 ( heav51 ! protectress (      
wifehood2 ,diana ( girlhood & virg9ity2 
,a!ne z ! goddess ( battles1 z          
protectress ( arts & sci5ces1 z wisdom  
p]sonifi$2 ,aphrodite1 ! p]sonification 
( beauty & love4  ,! anci5t pagans 7 n s
 v unlike ! ,*ri/ians2 e4 g41 ,i/>1 l ! 
,virg9 ,m>y1 repres5t$ at ! same "t     
et]nal virg9ity & mo!rhood1 & ! "n ( !  
temple on ! ,acropolis might truly be   
translat$ 8,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,virg910 =   
,p>!non is d]iv$ f 1 8virg940  ,9       
prehi/oric times !re 0 m rev]5ce = !    
female deity ?an = ! male god4 ,s ,ares 
7or ,m>s7 is ! god ( fight1 (           
combativ5ess1 :ile ,a!ne is ! tea*] ( ! 
art ( w>f>e1 ( g5]al%ip1 ( /rategy 9    
battle4  ,! "* ( ,aphrodite z a univ]sal
 pr9ciple 0 nev] lo/ sight (4 ,%e 0 &   
rema9$ ! giv] ( life1 joy1 love1        
lovel9ess1 grace1 f]tility1 increase1   
exub]ance1 rejuv5esc5ce1 spr+time1      
re/oration ( life1 immortality1         

prosp]ity & ! *>m ( exi/5ce1--& all ?is 
%e 0 9 "o1 all z a univ]sal pr9ciple & 9
 its cosmic significance4  ,! same idea 
is also express$ 9 ,eros1 call$ 9 ,lat9 
,amor or ,cupido1 :o is reg>d$ z ! olde/
 & at ! same "t ! y\nge/ ( ! gods1      
repres5t$ z a beautiful y\?4 ,?is same  
,eros is said to h exi/$ prior to       
,aphrodite1 = :5 %e rose out ( ! sea1   
,eros met h] at ! %ore1 :ile accord+ to 
ano!r v]sion he 0 reg>d$ z h] son4  ,!  
notion t ,aphrodite is ! cosmic pr9ciple
 ( love has f\nd expression 9 poetry &  
philosophy1 b h] my?ical nature has nev]
 be5 def9itely settl$4 ,hom]1 :o calls  
,aphrodite ,cypris 77 speaks ( h] 9 !   
,iliad 7,v1 #cab7 z ! daught] ( ,zeus#aj
 & ,dione1 ! goddess  ,illu/ration3     
,,heav5ly ,,& ,,worldly ,,love4  ,by    
,titian4  :o 9 old5 times 0 wor%ip$ on !
 ,acropolis 9 ,a!ns1 9 ,dodona1 & 9 o!r 
localities1 z ! wife ( ! ,olympian rul] 
& z 8 female c\nt]p>t4 ,dione is        
probably ! same ^w z ,h]a's ,lat9 "n    
,juno4 ,z h] daught]1 ,aphrodite is     

call$ ,diona 77 & also by h] "m's "n    
,dion4  ,be+ ! goddess ( sexual love1   
,aphrodite 0 also held responsible = all
 relations betwe5 m5 & wom51 &          
philosoph]s felt ! ne$ ( di/+ui%+ betwe5
 heav5ly love & vulg> passion1 call+ !  
=m] 8,aphrodite ,urania10 ! latt]       
8,aphrodite ,p&emos40 ,9 ,plato's       
,symposium 7#ahj ,d7 ! heav5ly love is  
describ$ z 8! old] "o1 born )\t "m1 !   
daught] ( heav510 :ile ! y\ng] & less   
div9e ,aphrodite is ! daught] ( ,zeus & 
,dione4 ,! same contra/ is br\ght out 9 
! age ( ! ,r5aissance by ,titian 9 8    
fam\s picture ( heav5ly & worldly love4 
,! di/9ction betwe5 cele/ial & e>?ly    
love h[ev] is artificial & has c]ta9ly n
 influ5c$ ! cult ( ! goddess4 ,x is a   
lat] ?\ght1 inv5t$ by philosoph]s = !   
purpose ( tea*+ a lesson4     ,,! ,,cult
 ,,( ,,aphrodite4   ,poly!ism is n a    
/able religion4 ,x *anges ) ! gr[? (    
civilization1 & we d n "k a "t 9 :i* x 0
 n con/antly 9 a /ate ( transition4  ,! 
my?s :i* connect ,aphrodite 9 "o place )

 ,adonis1 9 o!rs ) ,m>s1 ,heph/os1      
,an*ises & o!r gods or mortals1 7       
orig9ally sev]al diff]5t developm5ts ( !
 same fundam5tal idea1 ! love /ory ( !  
goddess ( love4 ,?is is q natural &     
ought to be expect$1 b :5 9 ! days ( a m
 int]national communication ^! my?s 7   
told 9 diff]5t %apes 9 all localities1  
!y 9 _! comb9ation s]v$ greatly to      
und]m9e ! respect = ! goddess & to      
degrade ! conception ( h] ev5 z e>ly z 9
 ! "t :5 ! ,hom]ic epics 7 compos$4     
,nev]!less1 s9ce ! s>casm rema9$ limit$ 
= a long "t to ! circle ( h]etics &     
sc(f]s1 ! noble conception ( ,aphrodite 
0 pres]v$ d[n to ! late/ days (         
paganism4  ,9 o!r words ,v5us 0         
orig9ally ! "m ( mank9d4 ,%e 0 at once !
 ,que5 ( ,heav5 or ,juno1 ! ,magna ,mat]
 or ,v5us ,g5etrix1 ! educator & tea*]  
or ,pallas ,a!ne1 ! et]nal virg9 or     
,diana1 & ! all-n\ri%+ e>?-goddess1     
,demet] or ,c]es2 & ?is view _h bett] be
 /at$ inv]sely1 t ! orig9al "m ( mank9d 
became diff]5tiat$ 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory   

into ^! sev]al activities ( womanhood1 z
 ,juno1 ,v5us1 ,diana1 ,c]es & ,a!ne1   
:i* div9ities 7 aga9 reunit$ 9          
,*ri/ianity 9 ! =m ( ,m>y1 ! ,que5 (    
,heav51 ! ,"m ( ,god1 ! ,lady z an      
au?ority & guide 9 life1 & ! ,et]nal    
,virg94  ,aphrodite 0 wor%ip$ 9 a       
prehi/oric age1 & ! orig9 ( h] cult is  
pla9ly traceable to ! ,ori5t1 especially
 to ,ph5icia & fur!r back to ,pamphylia1
 ,syria1 ,canaan & ,babylon4 ,!         
,ph5ician ,a/>te 0 import$ to ! isl&s ( 
! gean ,sea1 to ,cy!ra1 ,paphos &       
,ama?us4 ,h5ce ev5 9 ! ,hell5i/ic age %e
 0 /ill honor$ ) ! names ,cy!rea1       
,paphia & ,ama?usia4  ,f ! gean isl&s ! 
cult ( ,aphrodite spread rapidly to     
,sp>ta1 ,a!ns & o!r ,greek c5t]s4 ,!    
b>b>ic orig9 ( ! ,aphrodite cult is 9   
evid5ce 9 ! my? ( ,aphrodite's bir? z ! 
foam-born1 b x is difficult to say :om  
we %all deem responsible = !            
leg5d--p]haps ! inhabitants ( ! isl&s4  
,c]ta9ly we _c lay ! burd5 ( ! inv5tion 
( ! /ory ^u  ,illu/ration3 ,,bir? ,,(   

,,v5us4  ,relief f\nd 9 ! ,villa        
,ludovisi4  ! ,asiatics1 at lea/ n on ! 
,syrians1 = accord+ to an acc\nt (      
,nigidius ,figulus1#aa ! fi% ( !        
,euphrates f\nd a l>ge egg 9 ! floods & 
pu%$ x a%ore1 :]e x 0 brood$ ^u by a    
dove until ! ,syrian goddess came =? f  
x4  ,an exquisitely graceful relief     
pictures ! bir? ( ,v5us f ! foam ( !    
ocean4 ,%e appe>s z a "y maid5 cov]$ ) a
 diaphan\s g>m5t1 & is be+ lift$ out ( !
 wat] by ! ,graces4 ,! m>ble is pres]v$ 
9 ! ,national ,museum at ,rome & 0      
discov]$ by excavations 9 ! gr\nds ( !  
,villa ,ludovisi 9 #ahhg4  ,! ,ori5tal  
goddess 0 orig9ally ! que5 ( ! />ry     
heav51 ei!r ! moon or ! morn+ />1 & z   
su* %e 0 ! same figure :i* 9 o!r places 
gave rise to ! developm5t ( ,artemis4   
,we may emphasize "h t l ! ,*ri/ian ,m>y
 ! pagan female div9ity 0 at ! same "t  
bo? ! et]nal virg9 & ! cele/ial "m4     
,my?ology _c /& ! application ( logical 
rationalism1 & we mu/ n try to make !   
traditional leg5ds rigidly consi/5t4    

,:ile we recognize a /rong ,ori5tal     
influ5ce 9 ! ,greek con/ruction ( !     
,aphrodite cult1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge t 9   
,greece we h a new & indep5d5t orig9 ( !
 div9e ideal ( fem99ity4 ,9 ,mesopotamia
 ,i/> 0 a v popul> deity1 & innum]able  
idols h be5 f\nd 9 ! %ape ( a nak$      
woman1 commonly call$  ,illu/ration3    
,,detail ,,f ,,! ,,ludovisi ,,relief4   
8,beltis0 or 8,lady10 b ?is conception (
 ! goddess ( fem99ity _c be reg>d$ z !  
prototype ( ! ,greek ,aphrodite :o at an
 e>ly p]iod assum$ a def9itely ,greek   
figure & "*4 ,)\t detract+ f h] univ]sal
 significance z ! cosmic pr9ciple (     
g5]ation1 ! arti/ic conception ( !      
,greek m9d at once idealiz$ h] z !      
inc>nation ( lovel9ess & grace1 & f     
,phidias d[n to ! end ( paganism %e has 
reta9$ ?is ideal4  ,illu/ration3        
,,w9t]4      ,,summ]4  ,end pieces ( !  
,ludovisi relief4  ,9 ,cnidos ,aphrodite
 0 wor%ip$ 9 ?ree =ms3 z gift-giv] 771 z
 goddess ( ! high places 77 & z ! lucky 
sailor 771 & we le>n t bloody sacrifices

 7 n p]mitt$ 7,tac41 ,hi/41 ,,ii1 #c71  
ev5 on ! ma9 alt> 9 ,paphos4            
,orig9ally1 ,aphrodite 0 n only love1   
grace & beauty1 b ! mi/ress1 ! lady1 !  
que52 & s %e is repres5t$ 9 ,cy!ra z    
fully arm$4 ,! same is true 9 ,sp>ta & 9
 ,cor9? :]e h] temple 0 erect$ on !     
highe/ place ( ! city1 call$            
,acrocor9?us4  ,! s5sual features ( !   
,aphrodite cult 7 c]ta9ly n abs5t 9     
anci5t ,hellas4 ,we "k t 9 ,cor9? !re 7 
l>ge numb]s ( hi]odules 9 ! temple :o   
help$ to make ! c]emonies gorge\s &     
impressive1 b judg+ f ! language us$ by 
s*ylus & ,p9d> !y 7 highly respect$ &   
receiv$ public ackn[l$gm5t = _! f]v5t   
pray]s dur+ ! ,p]sian w>s4  ,9 ! e>ly   
imp]ial "t ( ,rome1 ! au?ority ( ,v5us 0
 promot$ by ! fact t %e 0 ! tutel>y     
deity ( ,cs>1 :o ?r\gh ! simil>ity ( 8  
"n 8,julius0 ) 8,julus10 ! son ( neas1 0
 enc\rag$ to d]ive 8 leg5d>y p$igree f  
neas1 ! my?ical f\nd] ( ! ,lat9 race1 ! 
son ( ,an*ises & ,aphrodite4  ,) ! rise 
( ,*ri/ianity ! wor%ip ( ,v5us naturally

 det]iorat$ v rapidly1 & ! fa!rs ( !    
*ur* ref]r+ to all ! diff]5t v]sions (  
h] love affairs malign$ h] 9 ! eyes ( ! 
_w by id5tify+ ! ,v5us ,urania ) ! ,v5us
 ,vulg>is1 & _! views h contribut$ a    
good deal to disfigure h] picture 9 lat]
 c5turies4  ,illu/ration3 ,,v5us ,,&    
,,an*ises4  ,9 ! times ( ,cs> %e 0 /ill 
! great goddess ^: doma9 0 n limit$ to  
beauty & love nor ev5 to ! procreation (
 life1 9 :i* capacity %e 0 call$ ,v5us  
,g5etrix1 b %e 0 also ,v5us ,victrix1 or
 ! goddess :o 9 battle assures victory4 
,yea1 m ?an all ?is1 %e 0 ! goddess (   
life & immortality connect$ ) ! *?onian 
gods--! p[]s ( dea? 9 ! und]world4 ,h]  
emblem1 ! pomegranate1 is also f\nd 9 ! 
h&s ( ,p]sephone1 indicat+ a k9%ip      
betwe5 ,aphrodite & ! daught] ( ,demet]4
  ,x is n accid5tal t ,aphrodite z !    
goddess ( love & g5]ation is also ! que5
 ( ! und]world4 ,%e begets life1 %e     
re/ores to life2 %e leads into ,hades & 
back out ( ,hades into ! _w ( life4 ,x  
is = ?is reason t1 accord+ to ,pausanias

 7,,ii1 #aj1 #d71 h] /atue 9 ! temple at
 ,sicyon c>ries ! *?onian symbols1 !    
apple & ! poppy1 9 h] h&s1 & !re h]     
prie/esses 7 b\nd by a v[ ( *a/ity4  ,! 
*?onian aspect ( ! ,aphrodite cult      
appe>s 9 ! leg5d ( ! dea? ( ,adonis )   
all its details ( fun]al lam5tations &  
c]emonies & ! great hope ( 8            
resurrection4 ,i/> h]self desc5ds to !  
und]world1 z we %all see fur!r d[n 7see 
pp4 #he-ie71 & we "k at lea/ t 9 ,cyprus
 a tomb ( ,aphrodite has be5 %[n4#ab    
,,! ,,goddess ,,( ,,w>4   ,"o special   
function ( ! "m goddess 0 lead]%ip 9 w>4
 ,x 0 a cu/om among ! ,arabians until   
rec5t times t ! w>riors ( a tribe 7 l$ 9
 battle by a girl rid+ at _! head )     
brea/ expos$1 inspir+ !m 9 _! attack to 
! display ( irresi/ible c\rage2 & if x 0
 a common practice 9 prehi/oric times1  
we may assume t ?is function ( womanhood
 e/abli%$ ! "* ( ,i/> z ! goddess ( w>1 
lat] on diff]5tiat$ z ! ,greek ,pallas  
,a!ne & ! ,roman ,bellona4              
,illu/ration3 ,,v5us ,,victrix499 ,aft] 

,hirt1 ,bild]bu*1 ,plate ,,vii1 #aa4  99
 ,engrav+ on a gem repres5t+ ! /atue (  
,v5us ,eryc9a on ! ,capitol9e4 ,?is     
int]pretation does n exclude o!r        
possibilities4 ,c]ta9ly ! attitude (    
little ,eros is arti/ic & pleas+4  ,we  
may be sure t ! "* ( ,aphrodite z ,v5us 
,victrix is by no means a late ,roman   
inv5tion ( ! days ( ,cs> b dates back to
 ! mo/ anci5t days ( ,babylonian        
tradition4 ,%e 0 f ! />t ( hi/ory !     
great ,magna ,mat]1 ! ,all-,"m & ,que5  
to :om ! p appeal$ 9 all _! ne$s1       
especially 9 w>4 ,9 ,greece %e is       
frequ5tly address$ z 1 br+] ( victory4  
,a p5it5tial psalm on ! de/ruction ( !  
anci5t city ( ,ere* has be5 pres]v$ 9 a 
fragm5t :i* 9 ,!odore ,g4 ,p9*es's      
translation reads ?us3#ac      8,h[     
long1 my ,lady1 %all ! /rong enemy hold 
?y sanctu>y8      ,!re is want 9 ,ere*1 
?y pr9cipal city2      ,blood is fl[+ l 
wat] 9 ,e-ulb>1 ! h\se ( ?9e oracle2    
,he1 ! enemy1 has k9dl$ & p\r$ out fire 
l         hail/ones on all ?y l&s4      

,my ,lady1 sorely am ,i fett]$ by       
mis=tune2      ,my ,lady1 ?\ ha/        
surr\nd$ me1 & br\ght me to grief4      
,! mighty enemy has smitt5 me d[n l a   
s+le re$4      ,n wise myself1 ,i _c    
take c\nsel2#ad      ,i m\rn day & night
 l ! fields4      ,i1 ?y s]vant1 pray to
 !e40  ,z ,v5us ,victrix1 ! w>like      
goddess ak9 to ! ,greek ,pallas ,a!ne1  
,i/>1 appe>s to ,asurbanipal 9 a vision1
 record$ 9 a cunei=m inscription ( !    
annals ( ?is p[]ful ,assyrian k+1 &     
ref]s to ! invasion ( ,tiumman1 ,k+ (   
,elam4 ,! passage reads 9 ,h4 ,fox      
,talbot's translation ?us3#ae  8,9 !    
mon? ,ab1 ! mon? ( ! heliacal ris+ (    
,sagitt>ius1 9 ! fe/ival ( ! great ,que5
 ,i/> daught] ( ,bel1 ,i ,asurbanipal1  
,k+ ( ,assyria1 0 /ay+ at ,arbela1 !    
city mo/ belov$ by h]1 to be pres5t at  
h] high wor%ip4  8,!re !y br\ght me news
 ( ! invasion ( ! ,elamite1 :o 0 com+   
aga9/ ! w ( ! gods4 ,?us3  8#8,tiumman  
has said solemnly1 & ,i/> has repeat$ to
 u ! t5or ( 8 words3 ?us3 8,i w n p\r   

out ano!r libation until ,i h gone &    
f\ght ) him40'  8,conc]n+ ?is ?reat :i* 
,tiumman _h spok51 ,i pray$ to ! great  
,i/>4 ,i approa*$ to h] pres5ce1 ,i b[$ 
d[n at h] feet1 ,i bes\ght h] div9ity to
 come & save me4 ,?us3  8#8,o goddess ( 
,arbela1 ,i am ,asurbanipal1 ,k+ (      
,assyria1 ! creature ( ?y h&s1 *os5 by  
!e & ?y fa!r ,asur to re/ore ! temples (
 ,assyria1 & to complete ! holy cities (
 ,akkad4 ,i h gone to honor !e1 & ,i h  
gone to wor%ip !e4 ,b he ,tiumman1 ,k+ (
 ,elam1 nev] wor%ips ! gods4444         
,"h "s words are lo/4  8#8,o ?\ ,que5 ( 
que5s1 ,goddess ( w>1 ,lady ( battles1  
,que5 ( ! gods1 :o 9 ! pres5ce ( ,asur  
?y fa!r speake/ always 9 my favor1 caus+
 ! he>ts ( ,asur & ,m>duk to love me4444
 ,lo6 n[1 ,tiumman1 ,k+ ( ,elam1 :o has 
s9n$ aga9/ ,asur ?y fa!r1 & has scorn$ !
 div9ity ( ,m>duk ?y bro!r1 :ile ,i     
,asurbanipal h be5 rejoic+ _! he>ts4 ,he
 has collect$ 8 soldi]s1 amass$ 8 army1 
& has drawn 8 sword to invade ,assyria4 
,o ?\ ar*] ( ! gods1 come l a ?und]/orm 

444 9 ! mid/ ( ! battle1 de/roy him1 &  
cru% him ) a fi]y bolt f heav56'  8,i/> 
he>d my pray]4 #8,fe> n6' %e repli$1 &  
caus$ my he>t to rejoice4 #8,accord+ to 
?y pray] ?9e eyes %all see ! judgm5t4 ,=
 ,i w h m]cy on !e6'         99       99
       99       99       99  8,9 !      
night-"t ( t night 9 :i* ,i _h pray$ to 
h]1 a c]ta9 se] lay d[n & _h a dream4 ,9
 ! mid/ ( ! night ,i/> appe>$ to him1 & 
he relat$ ! vision to me1 ?us3  8#8,i/> 
:o dwells 9 ,arbela1 came unto me begirt
 "r & left ) flames1 hold+ h] b[ 9 h]   
h&1 & rid+ 9 h] op5 *>iot z if go+ to ! 
battle4 ,& ?\ did/ /& be=e h]4 ,%e      
address$ !e z a "m w\ld h] *ild4 ,%e    
smil$ ^u !e1 %e ,i/>1 ! highe/ ( ! gods1
 & gave !e a comm&4 ,?us3 8take ?is b[10
 %e said1 8g ) x to battle6 ,:]ev] ?y   
camp %all /& ,i w come40  8#8,!n ?\ did/
 say to h]1 ?us3 8,o ,que5 ( !          
goddesses1 :]ev] ?\ goe/ let me g ) !e60
 ,!n %e made answ] to !e1 ?us3 8,i w    
protect !e6 & ,i w m>* ) !e at ! "t ( ! 
fea/ ( ,nebo4 ,mean:ile eat food1 dr9k  

w9e1 make music1 & glorify my div9ity1  
until ,i %all come & ?is vision %all be 
fulfill$40  8#8,?y he>t's desire %all be
 accompli%$4 ,?y face %all n gr[ pale ) 
fe>3 ?y feet %all n be arre/$3 ?\ %alt n
 ev5 scrat* ?y sk9 9 ! battle4 ,9 h]    
b5evol5ce %e def5ds !e1 & %e is wro? )  
all ?y foes4 ,be=e h] a fire is bl[n    
fi]cely1 to de/roy ?y enemies4'0  ,mr4  
,talbot makes ! foll[+ editorial comm5t 
on ! hi/orical ev5t connect$ )          
,asurbanipal's n>rative3  8,! promises  
:i* ! goddess ,i/> made to ! k+ 9 ?is   
vision ( ! mon? ,ab 7 fulfill$4 ,9 !    
foll[+ mon? 7,elul7 ,asurbanipal took ! 
field aga9/ ,tiumman1 & 8 army spe$ily  
a*iev$ a brilliant victory4 ,tiumman 0  
sla91 & 8 head 0 s5t to ,n9eveh4 ,!re is
 a bas-relief 9 ! ,briti% ,museum       
repres5t+ a man driv+ a rapid c>1 &     
hold+ 9 8 h& ! head ( a w>rior1 ) ?is   
inscription1 ,kakkadu ,tiumman1 #8,!    
head ( ,tiumman4'0     ,,! ,,desc5t     
,,into ,,hades4   ,z ! goddess ( love   
,v5us is ! re/or] ( life1 & z su* %e    

desc5ds into ! und]world & br+s ! dead  
back to life4 ,lewis ,ri*>d ,f>nell 9 8 
,cults ( ! ,greek ,/ates#af reproduces a
 rem>kable votive tablet :i* %[s ,h]mes 
! s\l-dispat*] 7psy*opompos7 confront+ a
 woman hold+ 9 h] out/ret*$ h& a        
pomegranate blossom 7! symbol ( bo? !   
*?onian ,aphrodite & ,p]sephone7 &      
,eros1 ! god ( love1 on h] arm4 ,!      
obvi\s mean+ ( ! tablet indicates t x is
 love :i* r$eems f dea?4 ,?is conception
 ( ! great goddess f\nd a fit expression
 9 ! my? ( ,demet]'s daught] ,p]sephone 
7call$ 9 ,lat9 8,pros]p9a07 :o1 aft] be+
 snat*$ away by ,pluto1 ! rul] ( ,hades1
 is all[$ to return to e>?4 ,s life on  
e>? ) its bloom ( vegetation dies (f ea*
 w9t] b returns annually 9 ! spr+4  ,?is
 idea became a symbol ( human           
immortality 9 ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies1     
presumably d]iv$ f old] s\rces :i* g    
back to religi\s cults 9 ,babylonia &   
,asia ,m9or1 & ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e is    
app>5tly d]iv$ f ! same tradition4 ,paul
 says 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #cf-ch73            

,illu/ration3 ,,eros ,,9 ,,!            
,,und]world4  ,votive t]ra-cotta tablet4
  8,?\ fool1 t :i* ?\ s[e/ is n quick5$ 
except x die4 ,& t :i* ?\ s[e/1 ?\ s[e/ 
n t body t %all be1 b b>e gra91 x may   
*ance ( :eat1 or ( "s o!r gra94 ,b ,god 
give? x a body z x ha? pleas$ him1 & to 
e se$ 8 own body40  ,jesus e*oes ! same 
argum5t & uses ! same simile ( ! gra9 ( 
:eat 9 ,john xii4 #bd3  8,v]ily1 v]ily1 
,i say unto y1 ,except a corn ( :eat    
fall into ! gr\nd & die1 x abide? alone2
 b if x die1 x br+e? =? mu* fruit40  ,! 
mo/ important docum5t /ill at our comm& 
relat+ to ! *?onian ,v5us is a fragm5t>y
 poem call$ 8,i/>'s ,desc5t to ,hell40  
,! ma9 subject is introduc$ 9 ord] to   
ju/ify ! possibility ( conjur+ ! dead f 
,%eol4 ,dr4 ,j]emias#ag expla9s !       
situation z foll[s3  8,a man grieves ov]
 ! dea? ( 8 si/]4 ,he consults a magus z
 to h[ to release ! _s ( ! deceas$ f !  
prison ( ,hades4 ,! prie/ tells him !   
/ory ( ,i/>'s desc5t to ,%eol = ! sake (
 prov+ t ! gates ( ,%eol are n          

unconqu]able1 & advises him to address  
,i/>1 ! conqu]or ( ,hades1 & ,tammuz h] 
consort1 ) pray] & sacrifice1 9 ord] to 
ga9 _! assi/ance4 ,he is reque/$ to     
comply ) fun]al c]emonies at ! c(f9 ( ! 
dead & to beg9 8 m\rn+ ) ! assi/ance ( !
 ,uhats1 ! companions ( ,i/>4 ,! _s ( ! 
dead1 he>+ ! lam5tations ( h] bro!r1    
reque/s him to rescue h] f ! horrors (  
,%eol ?r\gh m\rn]s' music & sacrifices 9
 ! days ( ,tammuz1 :i* is ! "t :5 ! p s+
 & weep1 z told by ,ezekiel viii4 #ad1 &
 m\rn = _! dead "u ! %ape ( ,tammuz4 ,! 
conclud+ l9es ( ! poem1 :i* are summ$ up
 9 ^! words1 =m ! core ( ! :ole1 :ile ! 
leg5d ( ,i/>'s desc5t to ,%eol is only  
an introduction to x1 & con/itutes a "p 
( ! conjuration ( ! dead4 ,f o!r        
docum5ts ( ,babylonian lit]ature we le>n
 t on ! names ( ,i/> & ,tammuz1 ! h]o & 
h]o9e ( ! leg5ds ( ! desc5t to ,%eol1   
dep5d ! hopes ( a rescue f ,%eol40 7,loc
 cit41 pp4 #g-h47  ,x appe>s t p        
celebrat$ ) special pref]5ce ! days ( ! 
god ,tammuz1 :o repres5t$ ! disappe>ance

 ( vegetation & its resurrection to     
life4 ,! leg5d ( ,i/>'s desc5t#ah to    
,%eol reads 9 ! translation bas$ on ,dr4
 ,j]emias's v]sion z foll[s3  7,,obv]se 
,,( ,,! ,,tablet47      8,to ! l& ( no  
return1 to ! l& :i* ?\ kn[e/ 7871#ai    
,i/>1 ! daught] ( ! moon-god1 m$itat$ to
 g4      ,! daught] ( ! moon-god m$itat$
 to g      ,to ! h\se ( d>kness1 to !   
seat ( ,irkalla1      ,to ! h\se ^:     
visitor nev] returns1 #e4      ,on ! pa?
 ! desc5t ( :i* nev] leads back1        
,to ! h\se ^: occupants are remov$ f !  
light1      ,to ! place :]e du/ is food1
 & dirt is meat1      ,:]e !y 7!        
occupants7 see no light1 :]e !y dwell 9 
d>kness1      ,:]e !y are clo!d l birds1
 dress$ ) w+s1#bj4 #aj4      ,:]e ^u    
gate & bolt du/ is spread4      8,:5    
,i/> _h rea*$ ! gate ( ! l& ( no return1
      ,%e spake to ! keep] ( ! gate3    
#8,keep] ( ! wat]s1 op5 ?y gate1        
,op5 ?y gate1--,i wi% to ent]6 #ae4     
,if ?\ op5e/ n1 if ,i _c ent]1      ,i  
%all demoli% ! gate1 ,i %all break !    

bolt1      ,i %all sma% ! ?re%old1 ,i   
%all break ! doors2      ,i %all lead   
out ! dead1 %all make !m eat & live1    
,& unto ! cr[ds ( ! liv+ ! dead %all ,i 
jo94' #bj4      8,! keep] op5$ 8 m\? &  
spake      ,9 reply to ! sublime ,i/>3  
#8,/ay1 my lady1 d n upset ! door6      
,i w ann\nce ?y "n to ,que5 ,allatu4'   
8,! keep] ent]$ & spake to ,que5        
,allatu3 #be4      #8,! wat] has be5    
cross$ by ?y si/] ,i/>44440  ,! goddess 
,allatu is greatly agitat$ ab\t ,i/>'s  
appe>ance 9 ,%eol4 ,! poem cont9ues3    
8,:5 ,goddess ,allatu he>d ?is4444      
,l unto a tree cut d[n4444      ,l unto 
re$s m[$ d[n %e droop$ & spake3 #cj4    
#8,:at has driv5 h] he>t1 :at4444       
,^! wat]s h ,i made encompass ,%eol 444 
,l ! inundation ( ! deluge1 l ! swell+  
787         wat]s ( a great flood1      
,i w weep ov] ! m5 :o left _! wives4    
,i w weep ov] ! wives :o 7 tak5 f _!    
consorts1 #ce4      ,ov] ! little *ildr5
 ,i w weep1 :o prematurely        7 tak5
 away4#ba      ,g1 keep]1 op5 ! gate1   

,& /rip h] accord+ to ! primordial      
decree4'      ,! keep] w5t1 he op5$ !   
door to h]3      #8,ent]1 my lady1 let !
 und]world ,ktu rejoice2 #dj4      ,let 
! palace ( ! l& ( no return rejoice at  
?y arrival6'      8,?r\gh ! fir/ door he
 bade h] ent] &1 /ripp+ h]1      ,took  
(f f h] head ! gold5 cr[n4      #8,:y1  
,o keep]1 take/ ?\ f my head ! gold5    
cr[n8'      #8,/ep 91 my lady1 = su* are
 ! comm&s ( !         mi/ress ( !       
e>?4'#bb       ,?r\gh ! second door he  
bade h] ent] &1 /ripp+ h]1 #de4         
,took (f ! ornam5ts f h] e>s4           
#8,:y1 ,o keep]1 take/ ?\ ! ornam5ts f  
my e>s8'      #8,/ep 91 my lady1 = su*  
are ! comm&s ( !         mi/ress ( !    
e>?4'      ,?r\gh ! ?ird door he bade h]
 ent] &1 /ripp+ h]1      ,took (f ! *a9s
 f h] neck4      #8,:y1 ,o keep]1 take/ 
?\ ! *a9s f my neck8'       #8,/ep 91 my
 lady1 = su* are ! comm&s ( !           
mi/ress ( ! e>?4' #ej4      ,?r\gh !    
f\r? door he bade h] ent] &1 /ripp+ h]1 
,took (f ! ornam5ts f h] brea/4         

#8,:y1 ,o keep]1 take/ ?\ ! ornam5ts f  
my brea/8'      #8,/ep 91 my lady1 = su*
 are ! comm&s ( !         mi/ress ( !   
e>?4'      ,?r\gh ! fif? door he bade h]
 ent] &1 /ripp+ h]1      ,took (f !     
gem-cov]$ belt f h] hips4      #8,:y1 ,o
 keep]1 take/ ?\ ! gem-cov]$ belt f my  
hips8' #ee4      #8,/ep 91 my lady1 =   
su* are ! comm&s ( !         mi/ress ( !
 e>?4'      ,?r\gh ! six? door he bade  
h] ent] &1 /ripp+ h]1      ,took (f !   
bracelets f h] h&s & feet4      #8,:y1  
,o keep]1 take/ ?\ ! bracelets f my h&s 
& feet8'      #8,/ep 91 my lady1 = su*  
are ! comm&s ( !         mi/ress ( !    
e>?4'      ,?r\gh ! sev5? door he bade  
h] ent] &1 /ripp+ h]1 #fj4      ,took (f
 ! robe f h] body4      8,:y1 ,o keep]1 
take/ ?\ ! robe f my body8'      #8,/ep 
91 my lady1 = su* are ! comm&s ( !      
mi/ress ( ! e>?4'      ,n[1 :5 ,i/> 0   
desc5d$ to ! l& ( no return--           
,allatu beheld h]1 & vehem5tly upbraid$ 
h]2      ,i/>1 =getful1 assault$ h]4444 
#fe4      ,!n ,allatu op5$ h] m\? &     

spake4      ,address+ ,namt>1 h] s]vant1
 giv+ him      ?is comm&3      #8,g1    
,namt>1 op5 787 my4444      ,let h] out 
444 ! goddess ,i/>1      ,) a disease on
 h] eyes puni% h]1 #gj4      ,) a       
disease on h] hips puni% h]1      ,) a  
disease on h] feet puni% h]1      ,) a  
disease on h] he>t puni% h]1      ,) a  
disease on h] head puni% h]1      ,^u h]
 :ole p]son inflict diseases4' #ge4     
,:5 ,i/>1 ! lady1 0 ?us afflict$1       
,! bull no long] cov]$ ! c[1 ! he-ass ! 
%e-ass1      ,! "l no long] s\ght !     
maid5 ( ! /reet4      ,! "l fell asleep 
9 giv+ comm&1      ,! maid-s]vant fell  
asleep44440 #hj4   ,,rev]se ,,( ,,!     
,,tablet4      8,pap-sukal1 ! s]vant ( !
 great gods1 scrat*$ 8         face be=e
 ,samas1      ,clo!d 9 m\rn+ & fill$    
)4444      ,samas w5t3 he w5t to ,s91 8 
fa!r & wept2      ,be=e ,ea1 ! k+1 he %$
 te>s2      #8,i/> has desc5d$ into ! l&
 & has n return$4 #e4      ,s9ce ,i/>   
desc5d$ into ! l& ( no return1      ,!  
bull no long] cov]s ! c[1      ,!       

jack-ass no long] cov]s ! %e-ass1       
,a man no long] seeks ! maid5 ( ! /reet1
      ,! "l falls asleep 9 giv+ comm&1  
,! maid-s]vant falls asleep4444 #aj4    
,!n ,ea 9 ! wisdom ( 8 he>t creat$ a    
male be+1      ,he creat$               
,uddusunmir1#bc ! s]vant ( ! gods3      
#8,g =?1 ,uddusunmir6 to ! door ( ! l& (
 no         return turn ?y face1      ,!
 sev5 doors ( ! l& ( no return %all op5 
be=e !e1      ,let ,allatu see !e1 let  
h] rejoice at ?y arrival4 #ae4      ,:5 
h] he>t has become calm1 & h] s\l is    
com=t$1      ,conjure h] 9 ! "n ( !     
great gods1#bd      ,lift up ?y head ov]
 ! s\rce ( wat]s 7871 make up         ?y
 m9d 7& speak73      #8,n1 ,o my lady1  
%all ! spr+ be deb>r$ f me2         f   
its wat]s ,i w dr9k4'      ,:5 ,allatu  
he>d ?is1 #bj4      ,%e smote h] lo9s & 
bit h] f+]#be 7& spake73      #8,?\ ha/ 
made a dem& :i* _c be fulfill$--        
,h5ce1 ,uddusunmir1 ,i w conf9e !e 9 !  
great prison1      ,! slime ( ! city    
%all be ?y food1      ,! gutt]s ( !     

/reet %all be ?y dr9k1 #be4      ,! %ad[
 ( ! wall %all be ?y habitation4      ,!
 ?re%olds1 ?y dwell+-place1      ,prison
 & conf9em5t %all break ?y /r5g?4       
,allatu curses ,uddusunmir1 b !         
conjuration :i* he utt]$ is      too    
p[]ful1 & %e mu/ obey4 ,?us ! p[] ( !   
realm (      dea? is brok5 & ,i/> is    
free4       ,allatu op5$ h] m\? & spake1
      ,to give comm& to ,namt>1 h]      
s]vant3 #cj4      #8,g1 ,namt>1 demoli% 
! et]nal palace1      ,demoli% ! pill>s1
 make ! ?re%olds quake2      ,lead out !
 ,anunnaki1 put !m ^u ! gold5 ?rone1#bf 
,spr9kle ^u ,goddess ,i/> ! wat] ( life2
      ,take h] away f me6' #ce4         
,namt> w5t & demoli%$ ! et]nal palace1  
,he demoli%$ ! pill>s & made ! ?re%olds 
787 quake1      ,he l$ out ! ,anunnaki &
 plac$ !m ^u ! gold5 ?rone1      8,he   
spr9kl$ ^u ,goddess ,i/> ! wat]s ( life 
& l$ h] away3      ,?r\gh ! fir/ door he
 l$ h] & replac$ !         robe ^u h]   
body2 #dj4      ,?r\gh ! second door he 
l$ h] & replac$ !         bracelets ^u  

h] h&s & feet2      ,?r\gh ! ?ird door  
he l$ h] & replac$ !         gem-cov]$  
belt ^u h] hips2      ,?r\gh ! f\r? door
 he l$ h] & replac$ ! ornam5t         ^u
 h] brea/2      ,?r\gh ! fif? door he l$
 h] & replac$ ! *a9s         ^u h] neck2
      ,?r\gh ! six? door he l$ h] &     
replac$ ! ornam5ts         9 h] e>s2    
,?r\gh ! sev5? door he l$ h] & replac$  
^u h]         head ! gold5 cr[n40 #de4  
,! conjur] "h addresses ! bro!r &       
promises ! release ( 8 dead si/] f ! p[]
 ( ,allatu4 ,! poem cont9ues3           
8#8,:5 %e 7,allatu7 does n af=d release1
 turn to h]         7to ,i/>7 ?y face4  
,to ,tammuz1 ! consort ( h] y\?1        
,p\r pure wat] & co/ly balm 444 invite a
 prie/4      ,cov] him ) ! sacrificial  
robe1 a cry/al flute may he bl[4        
,let ! ,uhats weep ) griev\s            
lam5tations4 #ej4      ,let ! goddess   
,belili break ! preci\s ut5sil#bg 444   
,) diamonds %all be fill$ ?y44440       
,n[ ! spell takes effect4 ,! _s ( !     
dep>t$ si/]      rises f ,%eol3         

8,?us %e he>d ! lam5tations ( h] bro!r1 
! goddess         ,belili broke !       
preci\s ut5sil1      ,) diamonds 7 fill$
 ! 444 & ! dep>t$ _s said3      #8,my   
only bro!r1 let me n p]i%1 #ee4      ,9 
! days ( ,tammuz play ! cry/al flute1   
,play ! in/rum5t4444      ,9 ^? days    
play to me1 ! male m\rn]s & ! female    
m\rn]s      ,let !m play ^u             
in/rum5ts4444      ,let !m brea!        
inc5se44440 #fj4     ,,! ,,magna ,,dea  
,,( ,,! ,,nations4   ,?\gh we may fairly
 well assume t 9 prehi/oric ages all    
nations rev]$ a ,magna ,mat]1 hi/orical 
developm5t po9ts to ! ,ori5t z ! place  
:5ce ! cult ( ,aphrodite 0 import$ into 
,greece2 !re x f\nd ! soil prep>$ by !  
common belief 9 a "m goddess1 a         
_w-creatrix1 a lady div9e & supreme4 ,! 
,greek ,aphrodite 0 ! same z ! ,a/>te ( 
! ,tyrians1 ! 8great goddess0 ( !       
,syrians & ! ,i/> ( ! ,babylonians4  ,x 
is q c]ta9 t ! cult ( ?is goddess-"m    
play$ a m important "p 9 ! _w (         
primitive mank9d ?an ! cult ( a ,god !  

,fa!r1 ! male deity ( a lat] age4 ,!    
goddess ( love & life "u :atev] "n %e   
may h be5 kn[n1 z ,our ,lady1 ! ,que5 ( 
,heav51 ! ,mi/ress ( ! ,_w1 ! holy "m   
g5etrix ( all liv+ creatures1 ! ,dea    
optima maxima or ,mo/ ,high ,goddess1 0 
practically ! same all ov] ! _w4 ,we may
 n be mi/ak5 if we attribute ! height ( 
h] wor%ip to ! age ( matri>*y4 ,9       
prehi/oric times ! ,magna ,dea 0 look$  
up to ) awe & rev]5ce1 possibly ev5 ) a 
devotion m ard5t ?an 9 a lat] p]iod4 ,! 
,anci5t ( ,days or ,jupit]1 i4 e41      
,diespit]1 ! fa!r ( "t & light1 0       
symboliz$ by ! all-embrac+ sky & also by
 ! sun4 ,! ,greeks call$ him ,zeus1 a "n
 pron\nc$ dzeus1 connect$ ) ! ,lat9 deus
 & dies1 & ,sanskrit deva1 ! creator &  
rul] ( ! _w4 ,! ,magna ,dea 0 ! all-"m1 
& x is b to be expect$ t :5 ! social    
conditions ( matri>*y *ang$ into ! age (
 ! patri>*s ! rev]5ce = an all-"m 0     
sup]s$$ by ! wor%ip ( an all-fa!r4      
,illu/ration3 ,,c>ry+ ,,9 ,,procession  
,,! ,,symbol ,,( ,,i/>  ,! ,magna ,dea 0

 all 9 all to mank9d4 ,h] emblem z !    
goddess ( vegetation & ( ! su/5ance (   
life 0 ! apple or pomegranate4 ,z !     
goddess ( ! human s\l %e is repres5t$ z 
a bird l ! ,egyptian repres5tation ( !  
s\l1 a human-head$ hawk2 or z a dove1 ! 
symbol :i* lat] on repres5ts ! gno/ic   
,sophia1 ! "m ( ! *ild-god1 & 9 ,*ri/ian
 dogmatology1 ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,orig9ally
 ! deity 0 triune 9 ,india1 9 ,egypt1 & 
9 o!r c\ntries4 ,9 ,india we become     
acqua9t$ ) ,brahma1 ,vi%nu & ,%iva1 !   
,creator1 ! ,reveal] 7or ,avat>71 & !   
,trans=m] 7i4 e41 ! "o :o de/roys &     
r5ews74 ,9 ,babylon ! univ]se is divid$ 
into ! ?ree k+doms ( ,heav51 ,wat] &    
,e>? "u ! ?ree rul]s1 ,anu1 ,ea &       
,m>duk2 & 9 ,egypt m5 wor%ip$ ,god !    
fa!r or ,osiris1 ,god ! "m or ,isis1 &  
,god ! *ild or ,horus4 ,simil> tr9ities 
are met ) 9 o!r religions1 & ! ,*ri/ian 
,tr9ity1 al?\gh n taught by ,jesus1 is  
"o ( ! olde/ doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4
 ,"h inde$ ! ,egyptian conception ( ,god
 z fa!r1 "m & *ild makes its fir/       

appe>ance 9 ! apocryphal writ+s1 = !re  
are passages 9 h]etical gospels :]e     
,jesus speaks ( ! ,holy ,gho/ z 8 "m4   
,?is idea might h be5 accept$ z an      
or?odox ?\ght if ! age _h n be5 /rongly 
ascetic & duali/ic1 b on t acc\nt !     
fem99e "* ( ! ,holy ,gho/ became (f5sive
 to ! fa!rs ( ! *ur*4 ,9 ,hebrew ! ,holy
 ,gho/ z ,ruah 0 /ill conceiv$ z a      
brood+ pigeon1 b among ! ,g5tile        
,*ri/ians ! conception ( ! ?ird p]son ( 
! ,tr9ity 0 translat$ by ! neut] n\n  & 
9 ,lat9 by ! mascul9e spiritus4         
,nev]!less ! old symbol ( ! brood+      
pigeon 0 reta9$ & a fem99e designation  
su* z ,sophia1 ! consort ( ,god1 0      
occasionally tol]at$ 9 ! ,greek *ur* &  
among ! ,gno/ics4  ,illu/ration3 ,,isis 
,,& ,,horus4  ,f ,l5ormant4             
,illu/ration3 ,,egyptian ,,repres5tation
 ,,( ,,! ,,dead ,,man ,,& ,,8 ,,s\l4    
,w+s h always be5 ! symbol ( ?\ght1     
,illu/ration3 ,,a/>te ,,& ,,! ,,dove4  &
 s]ve z a simile to repres5t ! s\l n    
only 9 ,egyptian my?ology b also 9      

,babylon & on ! ,greek isl&s4 ,a        
human-head$ bird attribut$ to a         
primitive p]iod ( ,babylonian           
civilization has  ,illu/ration3 ,,!     
,,human-,,head$ ,,bird4  ,a figure      
une>!d among ! ru9s ( ,babylon4 ,f      
,l5ormant4  be5 int]pret$ z ! s\l (     
,semiramis1 & may repres5t ei!r a dead  
p]son or ! goddess ( ! dead1 & ! same   
idea is express$ 9 a little figur9e ( ! 
,greek isl&s :i* %[s u a  ,illu/ration3 
,,amulet#bh ,,( ,,! ,,myc5aean ,,p]iod4 
,illu/ration3 ,,isis ,,& ,,! ,,fi%4     
female deity ) a dove on h] head4 ,we c 
sc>cely be mi/ak5 if we int]pret ?is    
little figur9e z an amulet d5ot+ !      
goddess ^: emblem is ! dove4 ,:e!r !    
figure repres5t ! goddess h]self ) h]   
emblematic bird or :e!r x be ! portrait 
( a dead p]son protect$ by ! dove1 is ( 
second>y importance4 ,! ma9 tru? on :i* 
we insi/ "h is t ! dove is ! emblem ( ! 
great goddess to :om p look = salvation 
9 ! d>k beyond4 ,?us flocks ( pigeons   
enjoy$ great lib]ties 9 ,hi]apolis1 !   

holy city ( ,syria1--probably 9 ! same  
way t ! pigeons 9 ,/4 ,m>k's place are  
befri5d$ 9 ,v5ice bo? by ! inhabitants &
 by =eign visitors4  ,ano!r emblem ( !  
goddess ( womanhood is ! fi%1 z is fully
 describ$ 9 ,lucian's mo/ int]e/+       
treatise 8,on ! ,syrian ,goddess40 ,9   
,egypt ,isis has be5 repres5t$ ) a fi%  
surm\nt+ h] head z an emblematic        
ornam5t4  ,9 "s p>ts ( ,greece ! h>e or 
rabbit has also be5 sacr$ to ,aphrodite1
 unque/ionably on acc\nt ( ! f]tility ( 
t animal4 ,ev5 to-day 9 ,*ri/ian times !
 ,ea/] h>e & ! egg are ! symbols ( spr+1
 & ! ,ea/] fe/ival _c be celebrat$ )\t  
!m4  ,illu/ration3 ,,aphrodite ,,)      
,,rabbit4  ,a rem>kable monum5t has be5 
discov]$ 9 ,boghaz-,ki 9 ,cappadocia4 ,x
 repres5ts a procession ( gods /&+ on _!
 symbolic animals1 & :at int]e/s u ma9ly
 is t x portrays ! meet+ ( a god & a    
goddess1 he /&+ on human be+s1 %e on an 
animal :i* is app>5tly a lioness4 ,among
 h] foll[]s is a man on a leop>d & two  
figures /&+ on a d\ble-head$ eagle4 ,!  

idea ( ?is symbol 0 c>ri$ to ,europe by 
crusad]s & became ! emblem              
,illu/ration3 ,,relief ,,f              
,,boghaz-,,koei4  ( ! ,holy ,roman      
empire2 x is /ill reta9$ 9 ! imp]ial    
arms ( ,au/ria & has also be5 accept$ by
 ! ,cz> ( ,russia4 ,! subject ( ?is     
monum5t 9 ,cappadocia is /ill consid]$ z
 "u "q4 ,!re is no explanation & !re are
 no anci5t books t c ?r[ light ^u x4 ,b 
! composition speaks = itself4 ,we see  
"h ! great goddess meet+ ! h]oic        
god--:atev] names !y may h borne4       
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,lat] ,,a/>te4        
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,lead5 ,,idol4  ,m>duk
 7or ,melk>? or ,bel or ,baal7 is a     
deity :o rises to sov]eignty ?r\gh 8    
victory ov] ! p[]s ( evil1 & ! climax ( 
8 life consi/s  ,illu/ration3 ,,a/>te   
,,9 ,,cyprus4  ,f ,ohnefals*-,ri*t]1    
,kypros4  9 8 m>riage4 ,c ?is great     
sculpture ref] to any o!r topic ?an !   
fe/ive occasion ( ! victori\s god's     
m>riage c]emonial :5 he meets ! great   
bridal goddess8#bi  ,! "n ,i/> has be5  

trac$ also 9 ! ,ph5ician ^w ,a/>te4 ,!  
goddess 0 held 9 high e/eem 9 ,ph5icia &
 0 reg>d$ also z ! patroness (          
navigation4 ,co9s repres5t h] /&+ on !  
pr[ ( a %ip1 &1 /range to say1 v        
frequ5tly %e c>ries a ,lat9 cross 9 h]  
arms4 ,beside ! cross h] emblems are    
also ! moon & ! swa/ika1 & ! latt] is   
frequ5tly f\nd on h] dress1 & 9 "o v    
ar*aic lead5 figur9e discov]$ by        
,s*liemann 9 ! ru9s ( ,troy1 ! swa/ika  
is plac$ on h] body to indicate !       
my/]i\s p[] ( procreation4 ,! idol 0    
app>5tly int5d$ to be c>ri$ 9 ! h&1 =   
its l[] "p ends 9 a %apeless /ick4      
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,goddess ,,(         
,,navigation4  ,sidonian co9s reproduc$ 
f ,calmet ,no4 #f4  ,f ! excavations (  
,cyprus we reproduce  ,illu/ration3     
,,s>g5t',s ,,a/>te4  ,reproduction ) !  
p]mission ( ,curtis & ,cam]on4 ,alt]$ f 
_! copyright photograph4  ,illu/ration3 
,,! ,,immaculate ,,conception4  ,by     
,murillo4  ! picture ( a well-pres]v$   
/atue ( ,a/>te :i* mu/ h be5 ! recipi5t 

( (f]+s be=e an alt> 9 "s ( ! anci5t    
temples 7p4 #ajf74  ,a beautiful mod]n  
picture ( ,a/>te has be5 work$ out by   
,s>g5t 9 8 frescoes on ! walls ( !      
,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 & we c see on   
?is v picture h] simil>ity to ,murillo's
 ideal ( ,m>y 9 8 _m pa9t+s ( !         
8,immaculate ,conception40         99   
99       99       99       99  ,!re is a
 c\nt]p>t ( ! we/]n ,magna ,dea 9 ea/]n 
,asia1 b we no long] "k x 9 its         
primitive =m & h x only z x is repres5t$
 9 art 9 ! %ape ( a ,buddhi/ deity1 a   
k9d ( female ,buddha1 call$ 9 ,*9a      
,kwan-,yon & 9 ,japan1 ,b5t54 ,"h aga9 9
 "s cases we f9d t ! fi% is h] symbol z 
x is t ( ! ,syrian goddess1 & %e        
frequ5tly pres5ts a rem>kable simil>ity 
to ! ,*ri/ian ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,%e is nev]  
pictur$ nak$ l ! ,greek ,aphrodite b is 
always dress$ 9 ! mo/ scrupul\sly dec5t 
fa%ion4#cj  ,"o picture ( ,kwan-,yon ) !
 fi% be>s an inscription :i* is a       
poetical expression ( wond] at ! my/]y (
 inc>nation1 & foll[+ a lit]al          

translation we r5d] x into ,engli% z    
foll[s3  ,illu/ration3 ,,kwan-,,yon ,,& 
,,! ,,fi%4  ,9 ! ,pei-l9 at ,s+an-fu4   
,aft] a ,*9ese color-pr9t4      8,untidy
 o'er h] temples      ,falls h] di%evel$
 hair4      ,! maid is easy-go+--       
,9 soo? %e does n c>e4      ,n deck$ 9  
preci\s jewels      ,nor dress$ 9 gaudy 
lace1      ,%e c>ries 9 h] basket       
,a fi% to ! m>ket place4      ,:o ?9ks t
 ,buddha 7      ,made human =m 9 h]60   
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,poem ,,on            
,,kwan-,,yon4  ,pap] impression ( a c>v+
 9 /one4  ,! ,*9ese deity ,kwan-,yon    
may1 = all we "k1 be ! ,magna ,mat] (   
mo/ primitive ,*9a4 ,at lea/ %e 0 an    
anci5t popul> goddess4 ,:5 ,buddhism 0  
introduc$ into ! ,middle ,k+dom %e 0 too
 de> to ! p to be ab&on$ or degrad$ 9   
rank1 & s %e 0 int]pret$ to be a female 
inc>nation ( ! ,buddha himself4 ,"s     
pictures or /atuettes repres5t h] z     
d5ot+ mo!rly love by hold+ a baby 9 h]  
arms1 :i*  ,illu/ration3 ,,b5t51 ,,!    
,,japanese ,,goddess ,,( ,,div9e ,,love4

  ,f a relief pres]v$ 9 ! ,field ,museum
 ,*icago4  ,illu/ration3 ,,kwan-,,yon   
,by ,li ,lung-mi5 7#aa? c5t47 ,f !      
orig9al pa9t+ 9 ! collection ( ,*>les   
,l4 ,fre] 9 ,detroit4  gives h] an      
obvi\s resemblance to ! ,*ri/ian ,m>y1 !
 "m ( ,*ri/4  ,illu/ration3 ,,kwan-,,yon
 ,,z ,,! ,,buddha4  ,9 ! ,muse ,guimet4 
,! anci5t ,*9ese 7 ri* 9 div9ities ( all
 k9ds & among !m !re is a goddess :o    
,illu/ration3 ,t',,i5 ,,h\1 ,,que5 ,,(  
,,heav54  9 "o way or o!r might easily h
 develop$ into ! ,buddhi/ ,kwan-,yon4   
,?is is ! ,que5 ( ,heav5 or ,holy ,"m1  
:o is wor%ip$ ) great f]vor 9 "s        
localities4 ,emp]or ,k'ang ,hi be/[$ ^u 
h] ! high title ( ,t'i5 ,h\1 t is1      
8,heav5's ,rul]10 b we may v well assume
 t %e did n orig9ate 9 8 days b exi/$   
s9ce old] times4 ,%e1 or "s figure l h]1
 mu/ h be5 kn[n be=e ! importation (    
,buddhism1 & ,kwan-,yon presupposes !   
primitive exi/5ce ( a female deity (    
love1 *>ity & univ]sal goodwill4        
99       99       99       99       99  

,! nor!rn ,v5us1 call$ ,freya1 !        
"m-goddess ( ! ,teutons & 9 fact ( all !
 ,teutonic races1 did n %>e ! fate ( !  
,v5us ( classical antiquity4 ,%e nev]   
det]iorat$ into ! goddess ( s5suality4  
,x is /range t we desc5dants ( !        
,g]manic nations are bett] po/$ on !    
national gods ( ,greece & ,rome ?an on  
^? ( our own ance/ors4 ,^! are ma9ly    
rememb]$ f ! names ( ! week days & ev5  
!re ! god ( w>1 ,tiu1 has become q      
un9telligible 9 ,tuesday4 ,freya's day1 
,friday1 is easily recognizable z !     
,lat9 dies ,v5]is or v5dr$i1 & x is     
peculi> t on t v day ,*ri/ian cu/om /ill
 reta9s ! fi% diet ( ! anci5t ,a/>te4 ,!
 motive ( c\rse is *ang$1 & ! fi% is no 
long] ?\ght ( z ! emblem ( ,a/>te b is  
eat5 9 remembrance ( ! dea? ( ,*ri/ on !
 cross4 ,fi% has become ! diet ( fa/+4  
,su* is ! logic ( tradition1 :i* p]si/s 
aft] ! reason = x has gradually be5     
=gott54  ,h4 ,a4 ,gu]b] 9 8 ,my?s (     
,nor!rn ,l&s describes ,freya z foll[s3 
8,al?\gh goddess ( love1 ,freya 0 n s(t 

& pleasure-lov+1 = ! anci5t nor!rn races
 said t %e _h v m>tial ta/es1 & t z     
,valfreya#ca %e (t5 l$ ! ,valkyrs d[n to
 ! battle-fields1 *oos+ & claim+ "o-half
 ! h]oes sla94 ,%e 0 !re=e (t5 repres5t$
 ) corselet & helmet1 %ield & spe>1 only
 ! l[] "p ( h] body be+ clad 9 ! usual  
fl[+ fem99e g>b4  8,freya transport$ !  
*os5 sla9 to ,folkvang1 :]e !y 7 duly   
ent]ta9$1 & :]e %e also welcom$ all pure
 maid5s & fai?ful wives1 t !y might     
enjoy ! company ( _! lov]s & husb&s ev5 
aft] dea?4 ,! joys ( h] abode 7 s entic+
 to ! h]oic nor!rn wom5 t !y (t5 ru%$   
into battle :5 _! lov$ ones 7 sla91 hop+
 to meet ) ! same fate2 or !y fell ^u _!
 swords1 or 7 volunt>ily burn$ on ! same
 fun]al pyre z ! belov$ rema9s4  8,z    
,freya 0 incl9$ to l5d a favorable e> to
 lov]s' pray]s1 %e 0 (t5 invok$ by !m1 &
 x 0 cu/om>y to indite love songs 9 h]  
honor1 :i* 7 sung on all fe/ive         
occasions1 h] v "n 9 ,g]many be+ us$ = !
 =mation ( ! v]b frei51 i4 e41 #8to     
woo4'0  ,illu/ration3 ,,freya4  ,f      

,gu]b]'s ,my?s ( ,nor!rn ,l&s4  ,:5 !   
conception ( ! "m goddess ( antiquity   
began to decay1 a new fai? spread & "u a
 new "n ! old ideal 0 reviv$ z ,m>y1 ,"m
 ( ,god1 ,m>ia ,!otokos2 ! /> ( ! sea1  
or ,/ella ,m>is2 & ! ,italian fi%]m5 s+ 
to h] ! beautiful l9es1      8,o        
sanctissima1 ,o piissima1      ,dulcis  
mat] amata40     ,,! ,,orig9 ,,(        
,,woman4   ,! problem ( womanhood has   
f\nd diff]5t expressions 9 diff]5t ages4
 ,9 prehi/oric times all great que/ions 
7 answ]$ my?ologically4 ,cosmog5y &     
an?ropog5y1 includ+ gynecog5y1 7        
express$ 9 /ories ( gods1 :ile 9 lat]   
p]iods ! same facts rema9$ & f\nd       
diff]5t solutions 9 religi\s dogmas &   
/ill lat] 9 sci5tific inve/igations4  ,!
 same subjects h be5 treat$ 9 a diff]5t 
_s dur+ ! ,*ri/ian era & aga9 diff]5tly 
/ill "u ! influ5ce ( a sci5tific        
_w-conception4 ,socrates respect$ ! gods
 b he no long] believ$ 9 !m z           
p]sonalities4 ,he expla9$ !m z signify+ 
"s facts ( exp]i5ce4 ,to him love f\nd  

expression 9 a belief 9 ,aphrodite & 9  
h] p[]ful son1 ,eros4 ,fur!r1 8 disciple
 ,plato expla9s to u ! significance (   
love & devotes a special dialogue to a  
discussion ( its mean+ 9 e aspect4 ,?is 
dialogue ( ,plato's1 ! ,symposium1 may  
truly be *>act]iz$ z ! mo/ poetical &   
mo/ int]e/+ discussion ( ,greek         
philosophy4 ,x tells ( a banquet to :i* 
,aga?on has invit$ 8 fri5ds1 among :om  
we f9d ! philosoph] ,socrates1 ! poet   
,ari/ophanes 7! disciple ( ,socrates71  
,pausanias1 ,pha$rus & "s o!rs4 ,aft]   
d9n] ,pha$rus proposes to make spee*es 9
 honor ( love1 & ,pausanias beg9s by    
draw+ a di/9ction betwe5 heav5ly & e>?ly
 love1 extoll+ ! =m] & giv+ scant praise
 to ! latt]4 ,ari/ophanes is ! next     
speak]1 b1 be+ prev5t$ by a sev]e hiccup
 f tak+ up ! discussion1 gives prec$5ce 
to ,eryxima*us1 ! physician4 ,?is speak]
 approves ! di/9ction made by           
,pausanias1 b g5]alizes ! conception (  
love by reg>d+ x z a univ]sal pr9ciple1 
br++ ab\t ! h>mony t regulates nature 9 

! c\rse ( ! seasons 9 its relations (   
moi/ & dry1 hot & cold1 etc41 & ^:      
abs5ce is m>k$ by diseases ( all sorts4 
,ari/ophanes1 hav+ recov]$ f 8 hiccup1  
proposes to (f] a new explanation sett+ 
=? a novel !ory ( ! orig9 ( human       
nature4 ,we quote extracts f !          
translation ( ,j[ett3  8,primeval man 0 
r\nd1 8 back & sides =m+ a circle2 & he 
_h f\r h&s & f\r feet1 "o head ) two    
faces1 look+ opposite ways1 set on a    
r\nd neck & precisely alike2 also f\r   
e>s1 two privy memb]s & ! rema9d] to    
correspond4 ,he c\ld walk upright z m5  
n[ d1 backw>d & =w>d z he pleas$1 & he  
c\ld also roll ov] & ov] at a great     
pace1 turn+ on 8 f\r h&s & f\r feet1    
eight 9 all1 l tumbl]s go+ ov] & ov] )  
_! legs 9 ! air2 ?is 0 :5 he want$ to   
run fa/4444 ,t]rible 0 _! might & /r5g?1
 & ! ?\ghts ( _! he>ts 7 great1 & !y    
made an attack ^u ! gods2 ( !m is told !
 tale ( ,otys & ,ephialtes :o1 z ,hom]  
says1 d>$ to scale heav51 & w\ld h laid 
h&s ^u ! gods4 ,d\bt reign$ 9 ! cele/ial

 c\ncils4 ,%\ld !y kill !m & annihilate 
! race ) ?und]bolts1 z !y _h done !     
giants1 !n !re w\ld be an end ( !       
sacrifices & wor%ip :i* m5 (f]$ to !m2  
b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! gods c\ld n suff] _!  
insol5ce to be unre/ra9$4 ,at la/1 aft] 
a good deal ( reflection1 ,zeus discov]$
 a way4 ,he said3 #8,me?9ks ,i h a plan 
:i* w humble _! pride & improve _!      
mann]s2 m5 %all cont9ue to exi/1 b ,i w 
cut !m 9 two & !n !y w be dim9i%$ 9     
/r5g? & increas$ 9 numb]s2 ?is w h !    
advantage ( mak+ !m m pr(itable to u4   
,!y %all walk upright on two legs1 & if 
!y cont9ue insol5t & w n be quiet1 ,i w 
split !m aga9 & !y %all hop ab\t on a   
s+le leg4' ,he spoke & cut m5 9 two1 l a
 sorb-apple :i* is halv$ = pickl+1 or z 
y might divide an egg ) a hair2 & z he  
cut !m "o aft] ano!r1 he bade ,apollo   
give ! face & half ( ! neck a turn 9    
ord] t ! man might contemplate ! section
 ( himself3 he w\ld ?us le>n a lesson ( 
humility4 ,apollo 0 also bidd5 to heal  
_! w\nds & compose _! =ms4 ,s he gave a 

turn to ! face & pull$ ! sk9 f ! sides  
all ov] t :i* 9 our language is call$ ! 
belly1 l ! purses :i* draw 91 & he made 
"o m\? at ! c5t] :i* he fa/5$ 9 a knot  
7! same :i* is call$ ! navel72 he also  
m\ld$ ! brea/ & took out mo/ ( !        
wr9kles1 mu* z a %oemak] might smoo?    
lea!r ^u a la/2 he left a few1 h[ev]1 9 
! region ( ! belly & navel1 z a memorial
 ( ! primeval /ate4 ,aft] ! division !  
two p>ts ( man1 ea* desir+ 8 o!r half1  
came toge!r1 & ?r[+ _! arms ab\t "o     
ano!r1 entw9$ 9 mutual embraces1 long+  
to gr[ into "o1 !y 7 on ! po9t ( dy+ f  
hung] & self-neglect1 because !y did n l
 to d any?+ ap>t2 & :5 "o ( ! halves di$
 & ! o!r surviv$1 ! survivor s\ght ano!r
 mate1 man or woman z we call !m--be+ ! 
sections ( entire m5 or wom5--& clung to
 t40  ,?is +5i\s !ory ( primitive man z 
a union ( two human creatures is p]haps 
old] ?an ,plato & may n be orig9al )    
him4 ,at any rate ! ,biblical passage 9 
,g54 i4 #bg & ,g54 ii #ba-bb may also h 
be5 giv5 ! int]pretation ( man's        

creation ( ,adam & ,eve4 ,! olde/ texts 
read pla9ly3 8,& ,god creat$ man 9 8    
image1 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ he him1  
male & female creat$ he !m02 b x has be5
 po9t$ out t ! same primitive man is "h 
spok5 (1 fir/ 9 ! s+ul> z 8him10 & !n at
 ! end ( ! v]se 9 ! plural1 8!m40 ,!    
idea t orig9ally ,adam compris$ 9       
himself ! nature ( ,eve z well is       
sugge/$ by ! /ory t ,eve 0 tak5 out ( ! 
side ( ,adam & 0 =m$ f "o ( 8 ribs4     
,obvi\sly ! idea express$ "h 9 ?is      
passage ( ,g5esis is ultimately ! same z
 t ( ! ,greek poet ,ari/ophanes1 & f !  
/&po9t ( mod]n physiology nei!r man nor 
woman is an individual1 b ! comb9ation (
 two1 viz41 ! fa!r & "m4 ,ea* "o ( !m1  
man alone or woman alone1 is b a "o-sid$
 half ( human exi/5ce4 ,ea*1 by itself  
alone1 is doom$ to die2 bo? toge!r are  
immortal4  ,! ,g5esis /ory ( ! creation 
( woman is portray$ 9 _m ( ! arti/ic    
repres5tations ( ! creation ( ,eve4     
,sugge/ions made to expla9 ! orig9al    
/ory ( ! creation ( man 9 ! s5se sugge/$

 by ,ari/ophanes 9 ,plato's ,symposium1 
may n be t5able b !y are n altoge!r     
s5seless4  ,we mu/ consid] t primitive  
leg5ds h orig9at$ f curiosity ) reg>d to
 "s problem t has pres5t$ itself to man 
9 ! *ildhood ( ! race4 ,9 our pres5t    
case we h to deal ) ! "q :y ! ribs (    
man's *e/ d n entirely enclose ! body1 b
 leave unprotect$ an op5+ 9 ! middle1 ! 
s-call$ proc>dium1 :]e !y turn upw>d4 ,!
 primitive answ] to ?is problem 0 ! /ory
 we h be5 discuss+1 & !nce ! notion     
seems impli$ t be=e ,eve1 ! fem99e      
portion ( man1 _h be5 tak5 out ( 8 side 
he mu/ h be5 an &rogyn\s be+1 & we w add
 t !re is a sci5tific tru? und]ly+ ?is  
primitive idea4  ,liv+ sub/ance is      
orig9ally asexual1 or r bisexual1#cb & 9
 its primitive /ate x is immortal4 ,a   
mon] does n exp]i5ce :at we call dea?2  
unless x is cru%$ or de/roy$ by poison1 
x lives on & gr[s4 ,:5 x outgr[s its    
prop] size x divides into two p>ts4 ,x  
does n die2 nor does x beget a "y mon]2 
x divides4 ,!re are two new mon]s1 b !re

 is n a "m & a *ild2 ! two are          
coord9ate4 ,bo? are mo!rs & bo? are     
*ildr54 ,dea? is n ! orig9al lot ( life4
 ,dea? comes into ! _w by bir?4 ,life 9 
itself c be de/roy$ by physical viol5ce 
or by *emical means1 b if x is n ?us    
de/roy$ x is un5d+2 or1 9 o!r words1    
immortality is a fact4  ,! diff]5tiation
 ( life into two sexes places a limit ^u
 ! exi/5ce ( ! diff]5tiat$ p>ts4 ,ea*   
individual gr[s to a def9ite size & is  
limit$ to a def9ite span ( duration3 8,!
 days ( our ye>s are ?reescore ye>s &   
t52 & if by reason ( /r5g? !y be        
f\rscore ye>s1 yet is _! /r5g?1 labor & 
sorr[40  ,! /ory ( ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 0 giv5 
a symbolical int]pretation at an e>ly   
date4 ,we read 9 ,orig5's refutation (  
,celsus 7,book ,,iv1 ,*apt] ,,xxxviii73 
8,9 ! next place1 z x is 8 object to    
sl&] our scriptures1 he ,celsus         
ridicules ! foll[+ /atem5t3 #8,& ,god   
caus$ a deep sleep to fall ^u ,adam1 &  
he slept2 & he took "o ( 8 ribs1 & clos$
 up ! fle% in/ead !re(2 & ! rib1 :i* he 

_h tak5 f ! man1 made he a woman1' & s  
on2 )\t quot+ ! words :i* w\ld give !   
he>] ! impression t !y are spok5 ) a    
figurative mean+4 ,he w\ld n ev5 h x    
appe> t ! words 7 us$ allegorically1    
al?\gh he says aft]w>d1 t #8! m mode/   
among ,jews & ,*ri/ians are a%am$ ( ^!  
?+s1 & endeavor to give !m someh[ an    
allegorical signification4'0  ,x is n an
 accid5t t ! fruit ( ! tree ( life 0    
conceiv$ by ,*ri/ians at an e>ly date z 
an apple or pomegranate1 ! symbol (     
,aphrodite4 ,we mu/ assume t ! apples ( 
! ,hesp]ides :i* ,h]cules 0 reque/$ to  
obta91 & also ! apples ( ,iduna be/[+   
immortality ^u ! ,teutonic gods1 possess
 ultimately ! same significance z !     
apple ( ,eve4         99       99       
99       99       99  ,we d n mean to   
ga!r "h all ! traditions ab\t ! orig9 ( 
woman1 b we w quote two acc\nts f a     
mod]n book ( ,h9du tales1 call$ ,a      
,digit ( ! ,moon & ,o!r ,love ,/ories f 
! ,h9du1 & translat$ f ! orig9al        
manuscripts by ,f4 ,w4 ,ba94 ,"h we are 

told ( a k+ :o falls 9 love ) a pr9cess 
:5 he sees h] picture4 ,he leaves 8     
k+dom 9 ! h&s ( 8 m9i/]s & travels out 9
 se>* ( 8 love1 accompani$ by 8 fai?ful 
companion ,rasak%a4#cc ,! passage       
conta9+ ! /ory ( ! orig9 ( woman reads  
?us3  8,"o day1 z !y re/$ at noon b5ea? 
! ?ick %ade ( a ,kadamba#cd tree1 ! ,k+ 
gaz$ = a long "t at ! portrait ( 8      
mi/ress4 ,& sudd5ly he broke sil5ce1 &  
said1 #8,rasak%a1 ?is is a woman4 ,n[1 a
 woman is ! "o ?+ ab\t :i* ,i "k no?+4  
,tell me1 :at is ! nature ( wom58' ,!n  
,rasak%a smil$1 & said3 #8,k+1 y %\ld   
c]ta9ly keep ?is "q to ask ! ,pr9cess2 =
 x is a h>d "q4 ,a v t]rible creature   
inde$ is a woman1 & "o =m$ ( /range     
elem5ts4 ,a propos1 ,i w tell y a /ory3 
li/54  8#8,9 ! beg9n+1 :5 ,twa%tri#ce   
came to ! creation ( woman1 he f\nd t he
 _h exhau/$ 8 mat]ials 9 ! mak+ ( man1 &
 t no solid elem5ts 7 left4 ,9 ?is      
dilemma1 aft] pr(\nd m$itation1 he did z
 foll[s3 ,he took ! rotundity ( ! moon1 
& ! curves ( creep]s1 & ! cl++ (        

t5drils1 & ! trembl+ ( grass1 & !       
sl5d]ness ( ! re$1 & ! bloom ( fl[]s1 & 
! lightness ( leaves1 & ! tap]+ ( !     
elephant's trunk1 & ! glances ( de]1 & !
 clu/]+ ( r[s ( bees1#cf & ! joy\s      
gaiety ( sunbeams1 & ! weep+ ( cl\ds1 & 
! fickl5ess ( ! w9ds1 & ! timidity ( !  
h>e1 & ! vanity ( ! peacock1 & ! s(tness
 ( ! p>rot's bosom1 & ! h>dness (       
adamant1 & ! sweetness ( honey1 & !     
cruelty ( ! tig]1 & ! w>m gl[ ( fire1 & 
! coldness ( sn[1 & ! *att]+ ( jays1 & !
 coo+ ( ! kkila1#cg & ! hypocrisy ( !   
crane1 & ! fidelity ( ! *akrawka2#ch &  
comp\nd+ all ^! toge!r1 he made woman & 
gave h] to man4 ,b aft] "o week man came
 to him & said3 ,"l1 ?is creature t ?\  
ha/ giv5 me makes my life mis]able4 ,%e 
*att]s incessantly1 & teases me beyond  
endurance1 nev] leav+ me alone3 & %e    
requires incessant att5tion1 & takes all
 my "t up1 & cries ab\t no?+1 & is      
always idle2 & s ,i h come to give h]   
back aga91 z ,i _c live ) h]4 ,s        
,twa%tri said3 ,v well3 & he took h]    

back4 ,!n aft] ano!r week1 man came aga9
 to him1 & said3 ,"l ,i f9d t my life is
 v lonely s9ce ,i gave back t creature4 
,i rememb] h[ %e us$ to dance & s+ to   
me1 & look at me out ( ! corn] ( h] eye1
 & play ) me1 & cl+ to me2 & h] laught] 
0 music1 & %e 0 beautiful to look at1 & 
s(t to t\*3 s give h] back to me aga94  
,s ,twa%tri said3 ,v well3 & gave h]    
back aga94 ,!n aft] only ?ree days1 man 
came to him aga91 & said3 ,"l1 ,i "k n  
h[ x is2 b aft] all1 ,i h come to !     
conclusion t %e is m ( a tr\ble ?an a   
pleasure to me3 s please take h] back   
aga94 ,b ,twa%tri said3 ,out on y6 ,be  
(f6 ,i w h no m ( ?is4 ,y mu/ manage h[ 
y c4 ,!n man said3 ,b ,i _c live ) h]4  
,& ,twa%tri repli$3 ,nei!r c\ld y live  
)\t h]4 ,& he turn$ 8 back on man & w5t 
on ) 8 "w4 ,!n man said3 ,:at is to be  
done8 = ,i _c live ei!r ) or )\t h]4'   
8,& ,rasak%a ceas$1 & look$ at ! ,k+4 ,b
 ! ,k+ rema9$ sil5t1 gaz+ int5tly at !  
portrait ( ! ,pr9cess40  ,ano!r /ory1 ( 
l "*1 is told 9 ! same book1 on pages   

#cgb-cgd1 only ) ! diff]5ce t x po9ts   
out a lesson = woman t %e mu/ cleave to 
h] husb& because %e possesses no        
indep5d5t exi/5ce by h]self4 7,! same1  
h[ev]1 9 ! ,indian /ory is n true (     
man47 ,?is is ! explanation ! fai?ful   
wife ,wanawall>i gives to ! ,brahman :o 
tempts h] to leave h] husb&4 ,%e says3  
8,once !re 0 a "t :5 !re 7 nei!r m5 nor 
wom51 b ! univ]se exi/$ alone4 ,& !n "o 
day1 :5 ! ,creator 0 m$itat+ ) a view to
 fur!r creation1 he said to himself3    
#8,some?+ is want+ to complete !        
creation :i* ,i h creat$4 ,x is bl9d1 & 
unconsci\s ( its own curi\s beauty &    
excell5ce4' ,!reupon he creat$ a man4 ,&
 in/antly ! creation became an object ( 
wond] & beauty1 be+ reflect$ l a picture
 9 ! mirror ( ! m9d ( ! man4 ,!n ! man  
roam$ alone 9 ! _w1 wond]+ at ! fl[]s & 
! trees & ! animals1 & at la/ he came to
 a pool4 ,& he look$ 9 & saw himself4   
,!n full ( a/oni%m5t1 he exclaim$3      
#8,?is is ! mo/ beautiful creature (    
all4' ,& he hunt$ incessantly ?r\gh !   

:ole _w to f9d x1 n kn[+ t he 0 look+ = 
himself4 ,b :5 he f\nd t 9 spite ( all 8
 endeavors he c\ld nev] d m ?an see x on
 ! surface ( pools1 he became sad &     
ceas$ to c>e ab\t any?+4 ,!n ! ,creator1
 p]ceiv+ x1 said to himself3 #8,ha6 ?is 
is a difficulty :i* ,i nev] =esaw1 aris+
 naturally f ! beauty ( my "w4 ,b n[1   
:at is to be done8 ,= "h is ?is man1 :om
 ,i made to be a mirror = my _w1 sn>$ 9 
! mirror ( 8 own beauty4 ,s ,i mu/      
someh[ or o!r cure ?is evil4 ,b ,i _c   
make ano!r man1 = !re w\ld be two c5t]s 
to ! circle ( ! univ]se4 ,nei!r c ,i add
 any?+ to ! circumf]5ce ( nature1 = x is
 p]fect 9 itself4 ,!re is necess>y1     
!re=e1 "s ?ird ?+3 n real1 = !n x w\ld  
di/urb ! balance ( ! univ]se2 nor       
unreal1 = !n x w\ld be no?+3 b pois$ on 
! bord] betwe5 reality & non5tity4' ,s  
he collect$ ! reflections on ! surface (
 ! pools1 & made ( !m a woman4 ,b %e1 z 
soon z %e 0 made1 began to cry4 ,& %e   
said3 #8,alas6 alas6 ,i am1 & ,i am n4' 
,!n said ! ,creator3 #8,?\ fooli%       

int]m$iate creature1 ?\ art a non5tity  
only :5 ?\ /&e/ alone4 ,b :5 ?\ art     
unit$ to ! man1 ?\ art real 9           
p>ticipation ) 8 sub/ance4' ,& ?us1 ,o  
,brahman1 ap>t f h] husb& a woman is a  
non5tity & a %ad[ )\t a sub/ance3 be+   
no?+ b ! mirror ( himself1 reflect$ on !
 mirror ( illusion40         99       99
       99       99       99  ,e>ly      
,*ri/ian art took little or no int]e/ 9 
! p>5ts ( mank9d4 ,s f> z we c discov]  
nei!r ! catacombs ( ,rome nor ,*ri/ian  
s>cophagi are adorn$ ) repres5tations ( 
,adam & ,eve4 ,:]ev] !y may occur !y are
 r>e exceptions4 ,!re is no trace ( !m 9
 ! fondi d'oro 7gold-bottom$ glasses71  
nor 9 ! mosaics4 ,9 pa9t+ !y become m & 
m frequ5t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,middle ,ages1 
& we reproduce "h1 z "o ( ! olde/       
repres5tations ( ! subject1 a picture f 
! s-call$ ,alcu9 ,bible pres]v$ 9 !     
,briti% ,museum4  ,illu/ration3 ,,adam  
,,& ,,eve ,,call$ ,,to ,,acc\nt4  ,f !  
s-call$ ,alcu9 ,bible 7#i? c5t47  ,! "n 
8,alcu9 ,bible0 is n ju/ifi$1 = ! "w    

dates f "s "t aft] ,alcu92 b aft] all x 
comes f 8 s*ool1 & ! book 0 produc$ 9   
,t\rs ab\t ! middle ( ! n9? c5tury1 /ill
 %[+ ! influ5ce ( ! brilliant s*ol> (   
,*>lemagne's c\rt4  ,we w say "h t !    
s-call$ ,alcu9 ,bible is sev]ely        
criticiz$ by ,anton ,spr+] on acc\nt (  
8! ugl9ess ( its figures10 b !re is m to
 be se5 9 ?is picture ?an m]e awkw>dness
 ( /yle4 ,! psy*ology ( ! picture "h    
reproduc$ is exce$+ly good4 ,! eyes (   
,adam & ,eve1 & ( ! ,"l 9 rebuk+ !m1 %[ 
real appreciation ( ! m5tal processes ( 
! individuals4 ,god walks into ! g>d5 ) 
8 f+] rais$1 l a tea*] :o rebukes *ildr5
 caught /eal+ apples4 ,god's f+] is n   
/raight1 a fact :i* presupposes a close 
obs]vation ( life4 ,8 eyes express      
k9dl9ess z well z admonition1 :ile ,adam
 & ,eve /& consci5ce-/rick5 by ! side ( 
! tree4 ,!y d n d>e to look into ! face 
( ,god1 & ,adam1 ) 8 clumsy h&1 po9ts to
 ,eve z ! cause ( ! evil1 :ile h] face  
expresses admission1 ?\gh 9 h] turn %e  
lays ! blame on ! snake :i* /&s erect at

 h] left4  ,x is true t ! te*nique is   
abom9able4 ,! heads are ridicul\sly     
l>ge1 & ! h&s are out ( proportion4 ,!  
bodies d n express ! beauty g5]ally     
cr$it$ to bo? ,adam & ,eve z ! mo/      
p]fect h&iwork ( ,god4 ,! pa9ts 9 !     
picture are report$ to be no bett] ?an !
 draw+4 ,! fle% is ( a gray color %ad$ )
 m>oon /reaks4 ,9 contra/ to ! sickly & 
pov]ty-/rick5 appe>ance ( ! human c\ple 
! good ,"l is dress$ 9 gold1 l a weal?y 
nobleman ( ! age1 & ! sc5e is %[n to be 
9 ,p>adise by ! trees too be+ ov]laid ) 
gold4 ,nev]!less ! situation is v cle>ly
 a g>d51 copi$ f nature1 & ! v /ory1 )  
all its details1 c\ld be recon/ruct$ f  
?is picture4  ,9 "t1 ) ! advance ( art1 
! figures ( ,adam & ,eve come m & m to  
assume ! arti/ic appe>ance ( natural    
beauty4 ,adam & ,eve repres5t mank9d 9  
its primitive /ate1 devoid (            
spirituality b p]fect 9 heal? & vigor4  
,x is notewor?y t ,*ri/ian art portrays 
9 !m paganism 9 its rud5ess & ignorance1
 & s !y acquire a c]ta9 relation%ip to  

,greek antiquity4  ,9 ! ,r5aissance we  
rea* a p]fection 9 ! figures ( ,adam &  
,eve :i* atta9s ! ideal ( classical     
beauty4 ,e pa9t] believ$ x 8 duty to    
repres5t ! two fatal sc5es1 ! fall ( man
 & ! expulsion f ,p>adise4 ,simil> sc5es
 also beg9 to appe> 9 sculptur$ reliefs4
 ,a sc5e on "o side ( ! l>ge pill>s 9 ! 
front ( ! ca!dral at ,orvieto is devot$ 
to ! subject ( ,eve's creation4  ,!     
creation ( man & woman is ! fir/ sc5e   
portray$ on ,ghib]ti's great bronze     
entrance-doors ( ! bapti/]y at ,flor5ce4
 ,^! beautiful  ,illu/ration3 ,,!       
,,creation ,,( ,,woman4  ,relief on !   
ca!dral ( ,orvieto 7#ad? c5t47  reliefs 
repres5t ! beg9n+ ( a new & great] p]iod
 ( art4 ,x is ,ghib]ti's m]it to h      
creat$ an orig9ally ,*ri/ian conception 
q diff]5t f ! classical reliefs ( pla/ic
 art4 ,we obs]ve 9 8 "w evid5ce ( a     
close /udy ( g>m5ts & drap]ies1 & !     
attempt to br+ out n only bodily beauty 
b a spiritual expression & allegorical  
mean+4 ,mo/ ( ! *>act]s pres5t$ are     

pla9ly portraits ( m5 & wom5 :o h s]v$ z
 liv+ models4  ,illu/ration3 ,,detail   
,,f ,,ghib]ti',s ,,doors4  ,fir/ panel4 
,9 ! l[] left corn] ( ?is panel on      
,ghib]ti's door ,god is creat+ man4 ,9 !
 c5t] he is rais+ ,eve f ! side ( !     
sleep+ ,adam1 :o lies pro/rate on !     
gr\nd4 ,god is "h always surr\nd$ &     
assi/$ by angels1 :o lift up ,eve :ile !
 good ,"l wat*es h] rise4 ,9 ! middle   
left "p ( ! picture we see ,adam & ,eve 
tak+ ! apple f ! s]p5t :i* is entw9$    
ab\t ! tree betwe5 !m4 ,9 ! "r corn] our
 un=tunate ance/ors are be+ driv5 out ( 
,p>adise4 ,eve /&s 9 despair1 :ile ,adam
 is visible 9 ! re>4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! 
,,creation ,,( ,,woman4 ,by ,mi*elangelo
 7#ae? c5t47  ,illu/ration3 ,,adam ,,&  
,,eve ,,9 ,,p>adise4  ,by ,gu/ave ,dor4 
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,family4 ,by  
,s*norr von ,c>olsfeld4  ,mi*elangelo's 
,creation ( ,eve is repres5t$ on ! ceil+
 ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel 9 ! ,vatican1 & is   
p]haps ! mo/ vigor\s expression ( !     
orig9al /r5g? ( ! "m ( mank9d4 ,x w be  

obs]v$ t "h too ,eve comes f ,adam's    
side1 al?\gh ! picture seems to %[ h]   
fully gr[n4  ,f among ! m mod]n pictures
 we reproduce a draw+ by ,gu/ave ,dor   
repres5t+ ,adam & ,eve4 ,"h we see !m 9 
_! /ate ( innoc5ce1 ,eve be+ pictur$ z  
recl9+ on ! gr\nd1 :ile ,adam looks ^u  
h] 9 love & admiration4  ,( ! m rec5t   
pictures we w m5tion only ^? ( ,s*norr  
von ,c>olsfeld1 :o has succe$$ mo/      
effectively 9 /rik+ ! prop] traditional 
note 9 ,bible illu/rations4 ,he         
repres5ts ,adam & ,eve accord+ to !     
dogmatic belief ( ,prote/ant            
,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ! sc5e "h reproduc$ !y  
are portray$ aft] _! expulsion f        
,p>adise 9 _! com=table primitive home1 
:]e ,adam1 lean+ on 8 hoe1 re/s f 8     
labors :ile ,eve sits 9 ! backgr\nd ) a 
di/aff 9 h] h&1 & _! two sons are play+ 
ab\t !m4         99       99       99   
99       99  ,& n[1 9 conclusion1 ! "q z
 to ! place ( ?is !me 9 ! art ( !       
future4 ,has n ! pres5t g5]ation lo/    
int]e/ 9 our ance/ors8 ,s9ce ! leg5d is 

no long] believ$ lit]ally1 our arti/ic  
imag9ation is n attract$ s /rongly by x4
 ,! /ory ( ! fall ( man has become an   
allegory1 an int]e/+ tale1 b x is no    
long] a tru?4 ,we believe n[ 9          
evolution1 & s ,gabriel ,max has pictur$
 a new ,eve = u :i* is ! "m ( mod]n     
man1--! "m :o bequea?s to h] son a deep]
 compreh5sion ( life & a tru] insight   
into ! nature ( ?+s4  ,illu/ration3     
,,primitive ,,man4  ,by ,gabriel ,max4  
,! picture is at fir/ sight repulsive1 b
 ! m we look at x & ! m we /udy !       
arti/'s int5tions1 ! m x gr[s on u4 ,"h 
is a primitive c\ple ( ! ape-man type1  
fossil rema9s ( :i* h be5 f\nd 9 !      
,ne&]?al1 9 ,cann/att & 9 ,spy4 ,!y mu/ 
h be5 v savage1 & we %udd] at _!        
appe>ance4 ,h[ unpleasant x w\ld be to  
meet su* creatures 9 a lonely =e/6 ,!   
male is v bruti% :ile ! female %[s      
traces ( a dawn+ intellig5ce4  ,v]ily1  
we discov] 9 ?is sc5e repres5t$ by      
,gabriel ,max a close resemblance to    
pictures ( ! holy family4 ,& consid]$   

rightly1 ! simil>ity is by no means     
=tuit\s1 = "h we h inde$ a holy family4 
,x is an uncultur$ primitive c\ple ( a  
spee*less tribe ( =e/ m51 yet ! hope (  
progress & a brave det]m9ation to take  
up ! battle ( life = ! sake ( ! babe t  
is born to !m becomes visible 9 ! "m's  
eyes4  ,aft] all1 ! wife ( homo alalus1 
( ! primitive spee*less man1 is /ill !  
same ,eve4 ,!re is ! same sacrifice (   
mo!rlove1 ! same det]m9ation ( br++ to  
life ! man ( ! future1 ! high]1 bett]1  
nobl] man1 ^: life w be mu* m wor? liv+ 
?an 0 h] own4  ,?is is ! secret ( life1 
t we live n = ourselves b = o!rs4 ,if   
mank9d 7 "o great immortal be+1 h[      
monoton\s life w\ld be2 h[ egoti/ical   
w\ld all our aspirations become6 ,b     
nature r5d]s all egotism futile4 ,none (
 u f9ds an abid+ home "h on e>?2 we pass
 away & new g5]ations fill ! places we  
leave vacant4  ,daily ! _w gr[s old]1 & 
yet x rema9s ev] "y4 ,!re is ! same     
happ9ess1 ! same bliss & joy t ev]      
?rill$ ! he>t ( a "m4 ,*ri/ianity has   

aboli%$ ,v5us1 ! great "m goddess1 b    
,eve has tak5 h] place2 & if ,eve too is
 to be depos$1 mank9d w /ill cl+ to !   
old idea ( et]nal womanhood1 ! patron ( 
love & lovel9ess1 ( wifehood & (        
mo!rhood4     ,,aphrodite ,,9 ,,art4    
,illu/ration3 ,,babylonian ,,clay       
,,figures4  ,! olde/ assur$ /atues (    
,v5us1 ( an all-n\ri%+ "m goddess1 are  
p]haps ! little figur9es frequ5tly f\nd 
9 ,mesopotamia repres5t+ 8! ,lady0 or   
,beltis 7! fem99e ( ,bel1 8! ,"l07 9 !  
%ape ( a nak$ woman1 sometimes ) a *ild 
9 h] arms2 b we may fairly well assume t
 ev5 ! arti/s ( ! /one age took up ?is  
all-absorb+ subject1 & if ?is be ! case 
we may be ju/ifi$ 9 call+ ! torso ( a   
nak$ female figure discov]$ 9           
,brassemp\y1 a ,v5us1--s f> ! olde/     
,v5us t has come d[n to u4              
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,v5us ,,(            
,,brassemp\y4  ,illu/ration3 ,,lak%mi4  
,9 ! ,muse ,guimet4  ,illu/ration3 ,a   
,,cilician ,,co94  ,illu/ration3 ,,co9  
,,( ,,t>sus4  ,illu/ration3 ,,co9 ,,(   

,,gaulos4  ,illu/ration3 ,,co9 ,,(      
,,p]ga4  ,9 ,india ! goddess ( beauty 0 
rev]$ "u ! "n ( ,lak%mi1 & we ne$ n d\bt
 t %e /ill f9ds wor%ip]s among ! ,h9du  
population ( to-day1 b !re are no /atues
 left ( ! age ( anci5t ,brahmanism4 ,all
 monum5ts are ( comp>atively late orig92
 9 fact ! l>ge mass ( ,h9du idols is q  
mod]n1 al?\gh x repres5ts art & religi\s
 notions ( a typically primitive "*4    
,ano!r &1 z x seems1 indep5d5t          
developm5t c be trac$ f ! wor%ip ( /one 
pill>s or be!ls4 ,a be!l1 i4 e41 8h\se (
 ,god10 well kn[n f ! ,bible z a monum5t
 ( div9e revelation1 develop$ gradually 
into ! repres5tation ( a /iff female    
figure l ! ,diana ( ,ephesus1 b we _c   
d\bt t ! primitive idea ( x 0 ! wor%ip (
 an all-n\ri%+ "m4 ,f h] ! ,greek       
conception ( ! *a/e moon goddess1 !     
virg9 ,artemis or ,diana1 develop$ 9    
c\rse ( "t2 b ! ,diana ( ,ephesus /ill  
pres]ves symbols ( a pan!i/ic conception
 ( ! ,all "u ! allegory ( a "m goddess4 
7,= illu/rations see pages #aeb & #aec47

  ,illu/ration3 ,,co9s ,,( ,,p]ga ,,9   
,,pamphylia4  ,illu/ration3 ,,?ree      
,,artemis ,,m$als4  ,among ! ,semites ! 
olde/ be!ls1 or h\ses ( ,god1 7 pill>s (
 /one4 ,we ne$ n assume t !y 7 gods or  
goddesses1 = judg+ f ,biblical in=mation
 !y may be int]pret$ z monum5ts m>k+ a  
holy place1 i4 e41 a spot :]e a deity _h
 reveal$ himself 9 "s way4  ,! primitive
 =m ( a be!l1#ci or z ! ,greeks         
transcrib$ ! ,ph5ician t]m1 1 has (t5   
be5 repres5t$ on co9s4 ,sometimes two   
columns are plac$1 "o on ea* side1 & !  
/one is frequ5tly accompani$ ) ! symbols
 ( ! goddess1 fruit & eggs2 sometimes   
doves p]* on ! sanctu>y2 sometimes !    
pill> is cov]$ ) a temple ro(4 ,we "k "o
 in/ance 9 :i* x be>s ! symbol ( a ,lat9
 cross & gradually x assumes 9 a co>se  
/yle ! features ( a woman4 ,su* is !    
beg9n+ ( ! manufacture ( idols :i* at   
fir/ are extremely /iff & assume only   
gradually--inde$ v sl[ly--an arti/ic    
%ape4  ,illu/ration3 ,,co9 ,,(          
,,antio*us ,,eu]getes4  ,illu/ration3   

,,i/> ,,on ,a ,,co9 ,,( ,,t>sus4        
,illu/ration3 ,,co9 ,,( ,,emesa4        
,illu/ration3 ,,co9 ,,( ,,iasos ,,c>ia4 
,illu/ration3 ,,co9 ,,( ,,paphos1       
,,cyprus4  ,illu/ration3 ,,co9 ,,(      
,,iulia ,,gordus1 ,,lydia4  ,at ! dawn (
 ! hi/oric age ! olde/ ,greek /atues &  
pa9t+s ( ,v5us %[ h] fully rob$ & drap$4
 ,great numb]s ( ,aphrodite amulets (   
small size & made ( glaz$ t]ra-cotta h  
be5 f\nd ma9ly on ! gean isl&s :]e h]   
cult _h spread f ,babylon & ,syria4 ,!y 
resemble ! ,babylonian ,beltis /atuettes
 9 hav+  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,diana ,,(  
,,ephesus ,,9 ,,! ,,vatican4  ,aft] a   
photograph4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,diana  
,,( ,,ephesus4  ,alaba/] /atue n[ 9 !   
museum ( ,naples4 7,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1   
col4 #ehh47  ! arms cross$ ov] ! brea/1 
b z a rule _! hips are unnaturally      
broad4 ,"s ( !m h a bird's 7possibly a  
pigeon's7 head & all h l>ge e>s ) e>r+s4
  ,! v olde/ real /atues ( ,aphrodite1  
products ( primitive manufacture1 h be5 
lo/1 & none ( ! temple idols h surviv$  

,*ri/ian iconoclasm1 b we h in=mation t 
,kana*us#dj 9 ! six? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 
& ,kalamis1 ,phidias & ,alcam5es 9 !    
fif?1 h repres5t$ ! goddess z dignifi$ &
 sev]e4 ,we reproduce "h draw+s ( ar*aic
 /atues fully dress$4 ,"s ( !m are /ill 
awkw>d b give evid5ce ( ! arti/'s       
rev]5ce4 ,an ar*aic ,v5us ( ! /yle      
famili> 9 ,pompeii 0 =m]ly reg>d$ z a   
,mo]a b to-day aft] ,g]h>d's            
int]pretation x is consid]$ z a ,v5us   
,pros]p9a4  ,illu/ration3 ,,cyprian     
,,aphrodite4#da  ,! /atue by ,kalamis   
:i* once /ood ^u ! ,acropolis at ,a!ns &
 0 call$ ,aphrodite ,sos&ra#db is also  
fully dress$1 b mu* m graceful4 ,a veil 
is ti$ ab\t h] hair1 & 9 h] "r h& !     
goddess is clasp+ "s folds ( h] upp]    
g>m5t1 :ile h] ext5d$ left h& holds a   
pomegranate blossom4  ,illu/ration3     
,,ar*aic ,,aphrodite ,,) ,,dove4        
,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 #dji4  ,illu/ration3 
,,ar*aic ,,v5us ,,9 ,,pompeian ,,/yle4  
,among ! ,attic votive reliefs !re is "o
 int]pret$ z ,aphrodite & ,ares1#dc :i* 

%[s  ,illu/ration3 ,,aphrodite ,,sos&ra 
,,by ,,kalamis4  ,f ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1  
col4 #dab4  ,aphrodite unveil+ h] face  
to ,ares4 ,%e holds a pit*] 9 h] "r h& &
 is p\r+ its cont5ts into a vessel 9 8  
h&s4 ,x is also to be not$ t ! action   
takes place above an empty alt>4 ,! *ild
 beh9d h] 9 ?is connection c only       
repres5t h] son ,eros4  ,9 ! ,national  
,museum at ,rome !re is an ,attic       
sculpture ( ! fif? c5tury :i* is some:at
 bold] 9 %[+ ! outl9es ( ! figure4 ,?is 
,aphrodite is clad 9 a v diaphan\s      
g>m5t1 ! left brea/ be+ q uncov]$4      
,illu/ration3 ,,aphrodite ,,& ,,ares4   
,votive relief f ,monum5ts grecs1 ,pl4  
,i4  ,9 ! beautiful /atue by ,alcam5es1 
a copy (  ,illu/ration3 ,,attic         
,,sculpture ,,( ,,! ,,fif? ,,c5tury ,b4 
,c4  ,9 ! ,national ,museum at ,rome4   
:i* is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,l\vre1 ! dress 
seems to be ( slightly heavi] texture & 
! po/ure m simple & dignifi$4 ,9 h] left
 h& ! goddess holds a pomegranate & is  
lift+ )  ,illu/ration3 ,,aphrodite ,,(  

,,alcam5es1 ,,kn[n ,,z ,,v5us ,,g5etrix4
  h] "r h& a corn] ( h] drap]y above h] 
"r %\ld]4  ,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,( ,,! 
,,cnidian ,,v5us4  ,x 0 9 ! days ( !    
highe/ developm5t (  ,illu/ration3 ,,!  
,,cnidian ,,v5us ,,( ,,praxiteles4  ,9 !
 ,vatican ,museum at ,rome4  ,greek art 
t ! greate/ arti/s d>$ to %[ ! goddess (
 love 9 p]fect nudity4 ,! /atues (      
,phidias /ill reta9 ! sev]e expression (
 h] div9e "*1 b ,praxiteles endeavors to
 %[ h] beauty z 9 primitive times )\t   
any dress1 9 a c>eless b graceful &     
arti/ic pose4 ,s at lea/ appe>s ! mo/   
au?oritative record ( h] appe>ance on ! 
,cnidian co94 ,o!r /atues1 especially ! 
,vatican m>ble kn[n z ! ,v5us (         
,praxiteles1 are p>tly dress$4 ,x is    
assum$ t _m replicas ( anci5t ma/]pieces
 did n foll[ _! orig9als 9 all details4 
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,v5us ,,(            
,,praxiteles ,,on ,a ,,cnidian ,,co94   
,f ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 col4 #daf4  ,?is  
/atue ( ,praxiteles 0 ord]$ by !        
,cnidians f ! arti/ = public wor%ip1 &  

:5 f9i%$ !y plac$ x 9 ! temple (        
,aphrodite ,euploia built especially to 
s]ve z a %r9e =  ,illu/ration3 ,,head   
,,( ,,! ,,cr\*+ ,,v5us4  ?is piece (    
art4 ,! goddess 0 ! patroness ( ! isl& (
 ,cnidos & !re=e h] image 0 impress$ ^u 
! ,cnidian co9s z ! great arti/ _h      
depict$ h]4 ,! be/ copies ( ! ,cnidian  
,illu/ration3 ,,v5us ,,cr\*+ ,,9 ,,!    
,,ba?4  ,9 ! ,vatican4  ,aphrodite are  
pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican & 9 ! ,glypto!k at 
,muni*4  ,illu/ration3 ,,v5us ,,) ,,!   
,,ungu5t ,,j>4  ,9 ! ,vatican4  ,!      
,vatican is ri* 9 ,v5us /atues ( a      
simil> type :i* h be5 work$ out 9 ! _s (
 ,praxiteles1 & we "h reproduce         
photographs ( :at has be5 call$ ! cr\*+ 
,v5us & also ! ,v5us ) ! ungu5t j>4  ,^!
 /atues ( ,aphrodite 9 ! ,vatican & mo/ 
o!rs produc$ 9 ! latt] portion ( !      
classical p]iod ( ,greek art are        
entirely nude1 b ) ! exception ( ! v    
late/ ones we mu/ grant t !y are end[$ )
 div9e dignity4 ,an improp] feature     
ent]s only :5 nudity betrays ei!r an    

int5tional display1 ) a pret5se (       
prud]y1 or an obvi\s purpose to excite  
s5suality4 ,orig9ally ^! features are   
=eign to ! ,greek goddess & develop only
 ) ! decay ( ,hell5ic civilization4 ,!y 
appe> obtrusively 9 ! s-call$ ,v5us (   
,m$ici1 & worse /ill 9 ! s-call$ ,v5us  
,kalypygos1 9 ?is way ju/ify+ to "s     
ext5t ! h>% op9ion ( ,*ri/ian pieti/s :o
 h vitiat$ our notion ( ,greek deities  
d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,f ! /&po9t "h tak5
 ,i may be p]mitt$ to omit entirely any 
reproduction ( pictures ( ?is late/     
phase ( ! arti/ic conception ( ,v5us4   
,among ! portrayals ( ,v5us we deem two 
rec5t discov]ies wor?y ( reproduction on
 acc\nt ( _! sweetness & gracefulness4  
,"o is ! ,v5us ( ,p&]ma & ! o!r a bu/   
f\nd 9 a wreck$ %ip by sponge div]s at !
 bottom ( ! sea (f ! ,african coa/ 9 !  
,m$it]ranean4 ,! =m] 0 f\nd 9 a %ipwreck
 ne> ! coa/  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,v5us   
,,( ,,p&]ma4  ,front view4  ( ,p&]ma 9 !
 ye> #ahhd1 toge!r ) co9s ( ! "t (      
,lysima*os4 ,x is made ( ,p>ian m>ble & 

%[s ! goddess /&+ ne> a small pill> ov] 
:i* h] g>m5t is hung4 ,%e is repres5t$  
at ! mom5t :5 h] h&s are ty+ a long     
ribbon ar\nd h] head to hold up h] curly
 hair :i* falls back beh9d ! e>s4       
,furtwngl] & ,salomon ,re9a* h devot$   
mu* att5tion to ! /atue1 ! latt] 9 8    
,rp]toire de la /atuaire grecque et     
roma9e1 & bo? praise highly ! beauty ( !
 goddess4  ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,v5us ,,( 
,,p&]ma4  ,re> view4  ,! head ( !       
goddess ,v5us n[ pres]v$ 9 ! museum at  
,b>dos ne> ,tunis mu/ h la9 hidd5 = ov] 
two ?\s& ye>s4 ,x _h  ,illu/ration3 ,,! 
,,v5us ,,head ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,(      
,,b>dos4  probably be5 ord]$ by lov]s ( 
art liv+ 9 ,africa & nev] rea*$ its     
place ( de/9ation4 ,! %ells :i* cov] "p 
( ! bu/ h happily n attack$ ! features (
 ! goddess & s ! beauty ( ! face is left
 unm>r$4     ,,classical ,,hymns4   ,!  
wor%ip ( ,aphrodite 9 ! days ( classical
 paganism is be/ *>act]iz$ by two hymns 
attribut$ to ,hom]1 b x mu/ be und]/ood 
t ?is :ole class ( poetry con/itutes    

,hom]ic apocrypha ( a comp>atively late 
date4 ,we quote ! orig9al f ! ,teubn]   
edition3                          1     
1 '           '   4         1 1         
3  '  4           ' 4  ,a v]sifi$       
translation ( our own reads ?us3        
8,my v]se %all praise !e1 goddess fair &
 mighty1      ,great ,que5 ( ,cyprus1   
glori\s ,aphrodite      ,:o unto mortals
 love's sweet gift be/[e/      ,& 9 !   
*>m ( ri*e/ beauty gl[e/4      ,?\      
holde/ 9 ?y h& ! magic fl[]      ,^:    
spell subjects u to ?y g5tle p[]4       
,hail1 graci\s lady1 soo!r ( all woes1  
,:o conqu]e/ by pleas+ smiles ?y foes4  
,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,cnidian  
,,v5us4  ,front view4      ,z we ?y     
beauty wor%ip & admire     ,inspire my  
song ) ?y cele/ial fire4     ,s %all my 
muse =ev] honor !e     ,& h] :om ?\     
comm5de/ unto me40  ,"h is ano!r hymn1 n
 less *>m+3                        1 1  
1          1                      3     
' 1  '   3      ' '         1 3         
'    3      ' '           1          1 '

            4           1       3  '    
'             ' 1        4        1 3  '
         1  '  4           ' 4          
,translat$ into ,engli% v]se ! hymn     
reads3      8,! v5]able ,lady ,i adore1 
,que5 ,aphrodite1 own] ( ! %ore      ,( 
seagirt ,cyprus4 ,?i!r ,zephyr's breeze 
,_h waft$ h] z babe ) g5tle ease4       
,:ile yet unborn1 9 br9y foam lay %e    
,float+ on bill[s ( ! surg+ sea1        
,:5ce %e came =?4 ,! ,seasons "y & fair 
,) gold-embroid]$ bridles guid$ h]1     
,!y took h] to _! arms & !y c>ess$      
,! little maid & _h h] beauty dress$    
,9 g>m5ts ( ,ambrosian fabric wr\ght4   
,& !n a cr[n ( gold5 weight !y br\ght1  
,?ree-h&l$1 :i* above h] head !y plac$4 
,h] s(t :ite neck ) c>canets 0 grac$1   
,! /r&s ( :i* h] silv] brea/ adorn      
,9 su* a way z by ! ,seasons worn       
,at dances 9 sylve/rian resort      ,or 
9 ,olympus at _! fa!r's c\rt4      ,!y  
c>ri$ up ! babe s fair & wee      ,to ! 
immortals1 :o 9 ec/acy      ,began at   
once to hug & fondle h]      ,& kiss h] 

h&s4 ,all v[$ t !y w\ld we>      ,!     
sacr$ fl[] ( ?is div9e fair maid        
,at ,hym5's fea/ 9 fe/ival p>ade4       
,yea1 su* great *>m ! ,gods e'en nev]   
saw2      ,!y gaz$ & wond]$ & !y /ood 9 
awe4      ,o goddess1 d>k-br[$1 sweet ( 
voice1      ,9 !e my song %all glory to 
rejoice6      ,on u poor mortals "h on  
e>? bel[      ,life's palm & heav5's    
happ9ess be/[4  ,illu/ration3 ,,ano!r   
,,view ,,( ,,! ,,cnidian ,,v5us4        
,prais$ be =ev] ?y div9ity1     ,& !    
fair sex :i* repres5te? !e40  ,! nature 
( ,v5us z ! "m ( ! univ]se1 ! mi/ress ( 
exi/5ce1 & ! repres5tative ( all t is   
*>m+ & lovely ende>$ h] to ! philosoph] 
z well z to ! poet1 & s 9 ,rome at a    
lat] day ev5 ! free?9k] among classical 
poets1 ,titus ,lucretius1 d$icat$ to h] 
8 philosophical book ( poetry1 ,de r]um 
natura1 9 ^! (t5 quot$ words3#dd        
8,"m ( ,rome1 delight ( ,gods & m51     
,de> ,v5us t b5ea? ! glid+ />s          
,make/ to teem ! _m-voyag$ ma9      ,&  
fruitful l&s--= all ( liv+ ?+s          

,?r\gh !e alone are ev]more conceiv$1   
,?r\gh !e are ris5 to visit ! great     
sun--      ,be=e !e1 ,goddess1 & ?y com+
 on1      ,flee /ormy w9d & massy cl\d  
away2      ,= !e ! d$al ,e>? be>s g5tle 
fl[]s2      ,= !e wide wat]s ( ! unvex$ 
deep      ,smile1 & ! holl[s ( ! sr5e   
sky      ,gl[ ) diffusd radiance = !e6  
,= soon z comes ! spr+time face ( day1  
,& procreant gales bl[ f ! ,we/ unb>r$4 
,fir/ f[ls ( air1 smit to ! he>t by !e1 
,=etok5 ?y approa*1 ,o ?\ ,div9e1       
,& leap ! wild h]ds r\nd ! happy fields 
,or swim ! b\nd+ torr5ts4 ,!n ama91     
,seiz$ ) ! spell1 all creatures foll[ !e
      ,:i!rsoev] ?\ walke/ =? to lead2  
,& !nce ?r\gh seas & m\nta9s & swift    
/reams1      ,?r\gh leafy homes ( birds 
& gre5+ pla9s4      ,k9dl+ ! lure ( love
 9 e brea/1      ,?\ br+e/ ! et]nal     
g5]ations =?4      ,k9d aft] k9d4 ,&    
s9ce 'tis ?\ alone      ,guide/ !       
,cosmos1 & )\t !e naught      ,is ris5  
to rea* ! holy %ores ( light1      ,nor 
aught ( joyful or ( lovely born1        

,!e d ,i crave co-p>tn] 9 t v]se        
,:i* ,i presume on ,nature to compose   
,= ,memmius m9e1 :om ?\ ha/ will$ to be 
,pe]less 9 e grace at e h\r--           
,:]e=e1 inde$1 ,div9e "o1 give my words 
,immortal *>m4 ,lull to a timely re/    
,o'er sea & l& ! savage works ( w>1     
,= ?\ alone ha/ p[] ) public peace      
,to aid mortality2 s9ce he :o rules     
,! savage works ( battle1 puissant ,m>s1
      ,h[ (t5 to ?y bosom fl+s 8 /r5g?1 
,o'erma/]$ by ! et]nal w\nd ( love--    
,& !re1 ) eyes & full ?roat backw>d     
?r[n1      ,gaz+1 my ,goddess1 op5-m\!d 
at !e1      ,pa/ures on love 8 gre$y    
sight1 8 brea?      ,hang+ ^u ?y lips8  
,him ?us recl9$      ,fill ) ?y holy    
body1 r\nd1 above6      ,p\r f ^? lips  
s(t syllables to w9      ,peace = !     
,roman1 glori\s ,lady1 peace6      ,= 9 
a season tr\bl\s to ! /ate      ,nei!r  
may ,i att5d ?is task ( m9e      ,)     
?\ght untr\bl$1 nor may mid su* ev5ts   
,! illu/ri\s scion ( ! ,memmian h\se    
,neglect ! civic cause40         99     

99       99       99       99  ,!       
temples ( ,aphrodite lie 9 ru9s1 & h]   
wor%ip is ab&on$2 b ! ideal ( womanhood 
:i* %e repres5t$ has rema9$ to ?is day1 
& w rema9 s long z mank9d w cont9ue to  
exi/ on e>?4 ,! arti/ ( ! /atue ( ,milo 
has left u an unsurpass$ int]pretation (
 ?is ideal :i* ev5 9 its mutilat$       
condition is noble & beautiful4 ,at !   
same "t nature does n cease to actualize
 ! type 9 e liv+ woman t has be5 born   
into ! _w4 ,ea* "o ( !m ) all h]        
individual traits1 h] pref]5ces & ev5 h]
 fem99e faults is a specim5 ( ! et]nal  
ideal ( womanhood--! div9ity ( love1 (  
grace1 ( *>m1 ( beauty1 a s\rce (       
inspiration z well z ( physical &       
intellectual creativ5ess4  ,! anci5t    
paganism has pass$ away & w nev] come   
back1 b because its sup]/itions are gone
 we ne$ no long] scorn its gods4 ,we c  
recognize _! gr&eur1 _! nobility1 _!    
beauty1 yea _! tru?2 & if we contemplate
 ! repres5tation ( _! ideals 9 ,greek   
art1 we mu/ own t ! ,v5us ( ,milo is n !

 lea/ among !m4     ,,index4   ,adonis1 
,dea? (1 #gf4  neas1 #gd4  s*ylus1 #gd4 
,ages&] or ,alex&] ( ,antio*1 #ad1 #ag1 
#bj1 #ba1 #ea4  ,alcam5es1 #aed1        
#aeg-aei4  ,alc>d1 #dd4  ,alcu9 ,bible1 
#acc-ace4  ,amazon1 ,etymology (1 #fc4  
,an*ises1 #fh2   & ,aphrodite1 #gd1 #ge4
  ,antio*us ,eu]getes1 #aej4  ,antio*us 
,sot]1 #ag4  ,aphrodite1 & ,ares1       
#aee-aeg2   z a univ]sal pr9ciple1 #fe1 
#gc2   ,bir? (1 #fb1 #fi2   ,cypris1    
#fe2   ,etymology ( ! "n1 #fb1 #fd2     
,euploia1 #afb2   ,p&emos1 #fg2         
,sos&ra1 #aed1 #aef2   ,urania1 #fg1    
#gd2   ,wor%ip (1 #ee1 #fh-ge4  ,apple1 
emblem ( "m-goddess1 #ih2   emblem (    
,v5us1 #be2   held 9 h&1 #g1 #i1 #aj1   
#ab1 #ad1 #be1 #cj1 #cc1 #dd1 #de1 #dg2 
,melos means1 #a1 #be2   ( empire1      
#ci-dj4  ,ar*aic ,v5us1 #aed-aee4       
,ares1 ,aphrodite &1 #aee-aeg4          
,artemis1 #adi4  ,a/>te1 #fi1 #ajg2   ,a
 lat]1 #aje2   & ! ,dove1 #ajj2   9     
,cyprus1 #ajf1 #aaj2   ,s>g5t's1 #ajh1  
#aaj2   ,wor%ip (1 #ee4  ,asurbanipal1  

#gi1 #hj4  ,a!ne1 #fi1 #gg1 #gi2        
,wor%ip (1 #ef4  ,a!ns1 #ed1 #ef1 #fg4  
,babylon1 ,tr9ity 91 #ih4  ,bac*us1 #ad4
  ,ba91 ,f4 ,w41 #abh4  ,bajot1 #en4    
,b>dos1 #afh1 #afi4  ,battle on ! bea*1 
#dc1 #df-dg1 #di4  ,bell1 ,t41 #ca4     
,bellona1 #gg4  ,beltis1 #gc1 #ade1     
#aea4  ,b5t51 #aaj1 #aac4  ,be!l1       
#adh-aej4  ,bir?1 ( ,aphrodite1 #fb1    
#fi1 #gj2   ( ,syrian goddess1 #ga4     
,boghaz-,ki1 #ajc-aje4  ,bottonis1      
,antonio1 #b1 #de4  ,bottonis1 ,yorgos1 
a ,greek peasant1 #b1 #e1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 
#ac1 #dd4  ,bottonis1 ,yorgos1 ,jr41    
#de4  ,brassemp\y1 ,v5us (1 #adf4       
,bre/1 ,l\is1 #c1 #df4  ,buddha1        
,kwan-,yon z !1 #aab1 #aae4   ,cs>1 #gd1
 #ge4  ,capua1 #ee4  ,c>olsfeld1 ,s*norr
 von1 #adj-ada4  ,c>us1 ,! ,bride (     
,*ri/1 #ajg2   ,s\l ( ,man1 #abf4       
,ca/ro 9 ,melos1 #b1 #ab1 #de1 #df4     
,c5tury ,magaz9e1 #b1 #f4  ,*>m ( /atue1
 #bf1 #bg4  8,*evrette10 #c1 #e4        
,*ri/ian ,tr9ity1 #ih-ii4  ,*ri/ianity1 
#ef1 #gd1 #add4  ,*?onian ,v5us1 #ge1   

#hc1 #he4  ,cl>ac1 ,c\nt de1 #ac1 #ae1  
#ej2   ,report (1 #dh4  ,cnidian ,v5us1 
#afj-afc1 #agb4  ,cnidos1 #gc1 #afc4    
,condition ( /atue1 #i-aj1 #bd1 #dc1    
#de1 #dh1 #di4  ,conybe>e1 ,f4 ,c41 #ef4
  ,conze1 #ba4  ,cor9?1 ,hi]odules 91   
#gd4  ,coronet1 #bd4  ,creation1 ,greek 
leg5d (1 #fb2   ,maori leg5d (1 #fcn4   
,creuz]1 #cf4  ,cr\*+ ,v5us1 #afc1 #afd1
 #aff4  ,cyprian ,aphrodite1 #aed4      
,cyprus1 #gf1 #ajg2   ,a/>te 91 #ajf1   
#aaj4   ,date ( /atue1 #bj1 #eb4        
,david1 #ae4  ,debay1 ,augu/e1 #ae2     
,draw+ (1 #af1 #ba4  ,del ,m>1 ,alex&]1 
#cg1 #ci-dj4  ,del ,m>1 ,francisca      
,paloma1 #cg1 #ch4  ,demet]1 #fi4       
,desc5t into ,hades1 #gf1 #hc-ie4       
,description ( /atue1 #f-h1 #bb-be1 #da1
 #db1 #de1 #ea1 #eb4  ,diana ( ,ephesus1
 #adi1 #aeb-aec4  ,diona1 #fg4  ,dione1 
#fe4  ,discov]y ( /atue1 #b1 #e-f1 #dd4 
,dodona1 #fg4  ,dor1 ,gu/ave1 #aci1     
#ada4  ,dove1 #ih1 #ajb2   ,a/>te & !1  
#ajj2   ,v5us s5d+ out !1 #cf1 #cg4     
,egypt1 ,tr9ity 91 #ih4  ,eleus9ian     

my/]ies1 #hc4  ,ephesus1 ,diana (1 #adi1
 #aeb-aec4  ,epi!ts ( ,aphrodite1 #fe1  
#fg4  ,eros1 #bg1 #bh1 #fe1 #ggn1 #hc2  
9 ! und]world1 #hd2   ,/atue (1 #bh4    
8,e/afette10 #c1 #d1 #dc1 #df1 #dg4     
,eve1 ,adam &1 9 art1 #acb-ada2   ,apple
 (1 #abg1 #ach2   ,creation (1 #abe1    
#abg1 #ace1 #ach1 #adj4   ,fanaticism1  
#bg1 #fj4  ,f>nell1 ,lewis ,ri*>d1 #hc4 
,f]ry1 ,jules1 #eb2   ,report (1 #de-dg4
  ,figulus1 ,nigidius1 #ga4  ,fi%1 #ajc2
   ,isis ) !1 #ajb2   ,kwan-,yon ) !1   
#aaj-aaa2   ( ! ,euphrates1 #ga2   on   
,friday1 #aag4  ,foam-born1 #fb1 #fi4   
,fragm5ts1 #b1 #f1 #aj1 #aa1 #abn1 #ac1 
#dc1 #dg1 #ec4  ,fre]1 ,*>les ,l41 #aad4
  ,freya1 #aag-abj4  ,furtwngl]1 #afg2  
,re/oration by1 #cc4   8,galaxidion10   
#df1 #dh4  ,gautti]1 #en4  ,g]h>d1 #aed4
  ,ghib]ti1 #ace-ach4  ,gil*ri/1 ,edw>d1
 #hfn4  ,glypto!k1 #afe4  ,greek1 leg5d 
( creation1 #fb2   philology1 #fc2      
religion1 #bg4  ,gu]b]1 ,h4 ,a41 #aag1  
#aai4   ,hades1 ,desc5t into1 #gf1      
#hc-ie4  ,halo1 #ci-dj4  ,hasse & ,h5ke1

 #cb1 #cc4  ,hawk1 ,human-head$1 #ih4   
,he9e1 ,he9ri*1 #bg4  ,helios1 #dj4     
,heph/os1 #fh4  ,h]a 7,juno71 #bd2      
,wor%ip (1 #ef4  ,h]acles1 #ad1 #abg2   
,etymology (1 #fc4  ,h]mae1 #f1 #g1 #h1 
#ac4  ,h]mes1 #ad2   7psy*opompos71 #hc4
  ,hesiod1 #fb4  ,hesp]ides1 ,apple ( !1
 #abg4  ,hi]apolis1 #ajb4  ,hirt1 #gg4  
,hi/ory ( ! /atue1 #eb-fj4  ,holy ,gho/1
 #ih4  ,hom]1 #fe4  ,hom]ic hymns1      
#aga-agf4  ,hypatia1 #fj4   ,idols1     
,beg9n+ (1 #aej4  ,iduna1 ,apples (1    
#abg4  ,india1 ,tr9ity 91 #ih4          
,inscription1 on pl9?1 #ae1 #ag2        
,votive1 #h1 #ac-ad1 #ej4  ,isis1 &     
,horus1 #ii2   & ! fi%1 #ajb1 #ajc2     
,wor%ip (1 #ee4  ,i/>1 #ga1 #gi1 #hj1   
#ha1 #ajg2   & ,tammuz1 #hf2   ,c>ry+ 9 
procession ! symbol (1 #ig2   on co9 (  
,t>sus1 #aej2   ,wor%ip (1 #ee4  ,i/>'s 
,desc5t to ,hell1 #he-ie4   ,j]emias1   
,dr4 ,alfr$1 #he4  ,jesus1 #hd4  ,j[ett1
 #abb-abf4   ,kalamis1 #aed1 #aef4      
,kalypygos1 ,v5us1 #aff4  ,kana*us1     
#aed4  ,k'ang ,hi1 #aaf4  ,kir*h(f1 #ag4

  ,kronos1 #fb4  ,kwan-,yon1 z !        
,buddha1 #aab1 #aae2   by ,li ,lung-mi51
 #aad2   ,poem on1 #aab2   ) ! fi%1     
#aaj-aaa4   ,lady1 #fi1 #gc1 #gh1 #if1  
#ade4  ,lak%mi1 #adg4  ,lang1 ,&rew1    
#fcn4  ,lange1 ,m41 #di4  ,l5ormant1    
,*>les1 #aa1 #ej4  ,l5ormant1 ,f41 #ii1 
#aja4  ,leon>d1 ,william ,ell]y1 #agfn4 
,life1 ,secret (1 #adc4  8,lionne10 #d4 
,l\vre1 #d1 #aj1 #ab1 #be1 #dc1 #dh1    
#di1 #ec1 #aeh2   ,au?orities ( !1 #ad1 
#ag1 #db1 #ej4  ,love1 ,goddess (1 #bb1 
#ci1 #fd1 #gd1 #ge1 #gf1 #hc1 #aag-abj1 
#add1 #agh2   ,goddess ( sexual1 #fg4   
,lucian1 #ajc4  ,lucretius1 ,titus1     
#agf4  ,ludovisi relief1 #gj-gc4        
,lung-mi51 ,li1 #aad4  ,lysima*os1 #afg4
  ,lysippos1 #eb4   ,magna ,dea1 #if;ff4
  ,man1 ,orig9 (1 #abb2   ,primitive1   
#adb4  ,maori leg5d ( creation1 #fcn4   
,m>cellus1 ,visc\nt1 #c1 #i1 #ad1 #ci1  
#dc1 #ec2   ,report (1 #aa-ac4  ,m>duk1 
#aje4  ,m>y1 ,virg91 #fd1 #fi1 #ga1     
#aaj1 #aae1 #abj2   ,wor%ip (1 #cg1 #ef4
  ,matri>*y1 #if1 #ig4  ,matt]]1        

,lieut5ant1 #dd1 #dg4  ,max1 ,gabriel1  
#ada-adc4  ,measurem5ts ( /atue1 #g-h4  
,m$ici1 ,v5us (1 #aff4  ,melos1 #a1 #b1 
#de1 #df1 #dg2   ,inhabitants (1 #ci1   
#ec2   ,"n (1 #a1 #g2   ,site (1 #f4    
,mi*elangelo1 #ach1 #adj4  ,mirror1     
,v5us )1 #cj1 #ca4  ,montaiglon1 ,m4    
,a41 #en4  ,morusi1 ,nikolai1 #c1 #d4   
,"m-goddess1 ,!1 #bb1 #fh1 #gg1 #if;ff1 
#aag1 #abj1 #add4  ,murillo1 #aji1 #aaj4
  ,mutilation ( /atue1 #g1 #bd1 #bg1    
#dj1 #db-dc1 #di1 #ec4   ,national      
,museum1 #aeg1 #aeh4  ,navigation1      
,goddess (1 #ajg4  ,nebo1 #ha4  ,nudity 
9 art1 #aff2   ( /atue1 #bb1 #bd1 #da4  
,ohnefals*-,ri*t]1 #ajf4  ,oiconomos1   
#c4  ,op5 ,c\rt1 #aaj4  ,ori5tal        
influ5ce1 #gj-ga1 #if4  ,orig9al1 ,/atue
 an1 #bj-ba4  ,orvieto1 #ace1 #acf4     
,ov]beck1 #bj4   ,paganism1 #ee1 #ace1  
#agh2   ,end (1 #fj1 #fh1 #gc4  ,p&]ma1 
,v5us (1 #aff-afh4  ,paphos1 #gc4       
,paul1 ,/41 #hd4  ,pausanias1 #ed1 #gf1 
#aedn4  ,p$e/al1 #ad1 #ag1 #bj4         
,p5it5tial psalm1 #gh4  ,p]gamum1 #ba1  

#eb4  ,p]sephone1 #gf2   ,my? (1 #hc4   
,phidias1 #eb1 #ed1 #gc1 #aed1 #afb4    
,philology ( ,greeks1 #fc4  ,p9*es1     
,!odore ,g41 #gh4  ,p9d>1 #gd4  ,plato1 
#fb1 #fg1 #aba1 #abd1 #abhn4  ,pluto1   
#hc4  ,poly!ism1 #fh4  ,pomegranate1    
#hc1 #ih1 #abg2   emblem ( ,v5us1 #gf2  
held 9 h&1 #aeh4  ,pompeian ,v5us1      
#aed-aee4  ,praxiteles1 #eb1 #afj-afc4  
,prell]1 #gfn1 #aed4  ,prome!us1        
,etymology (1 #fc4  ,pur*ase ( /atue1   
#c-d1 #i4   ,que5 ( heav51 #fd1 #fi1    
#gd1 #if1 #aaf4   ,rabbit1 #ajc4        
,record-,h]ald1 #dd1 #ej4  ,re9a*1      
,salomon1 #afg4  ,re/orations1 #bg-da4  
,rivire1 ,m>quis de1 #d1 #i4  ,rob]t1   
,comm&]1 #df4  ,ros*]1 #fcn1 #gan1 #aec1
 #aedn1 #aeen1 #aef1 #afb4   ,sailors1  
,fr5*1 #d1 #aj1 #di2   ,turki%1 #df4    
,saloman1 ,geskel1 #bj2   ,re/orations  
by1 #cd1 #ce4  ,s>g5t's ,a/>te1 #ajh1   
#aaj4  ,s*liemann1 #ajg4  ,scopas1 #eb4 
,sculptor ( ! /atue1 #ac1 #ba1 #ea1 #eb1
 #ec4  ,sel5e1 #dj4  ,semiramis1 #aja4  
,%ield & p5cil1 ,v5us )1 #bi1 #ca4      

,si/9e ,madonna1 #be4  ,socrates1 #aba4 
,sophia1 #ii2   ,! gno/ic1 #ih4  ,s\l1  
,egyptian1 #ih1 #ii4  ,spr+]1 ,anton1   
#acd4  ,/> ( ! sea1 #abj4  ,/e9?al1 ,h41
 #fcn4  ,swa/ika1 #ajg4  ,syrian        
goddess1 #if1 #ajc2   ,bir? (1 #ga4     
,tacitus1 #gc4  ,talbot1 ,h4 ,fox1 #gi1 
#ha4  ,tammuz1 #hf4  ,taylor1 #fcn4     
,!odosius1 #ci4  ,?i]s1 #de1 #dg4  ,t'i5
 ,h\1 #aaf4  ,titian1 #ff1 #fg4         
,tiumman1 #gi1 #hj2   ,head (1 #hb4     
,tomb ( ,aphrodite1 #gf4  ,t\lon1 #e4   
,tralles1 ,head (1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba4  ,tree
 ( life1 #abg4  ,tr9ities1 #ih4  ,turki%
 brig1 #dc1 #df1 #dh4   ,ungu5t j>1     
,v5us ) !1 #afe1 #aff4  ,uranus & ,gaia1
 #fb4  ,urville1 ,dumont d'1 #c1 #ac1   
#ad1 #db-dc1 #dd1 #dg2   ,report (1     
#e-i4   ,val5t91 ,veit1 #be2            
,re/oration by1 #cg1 #da4  ,vatican1    
#aeb1 #afj-afc1 #afd1 #afe4  ,v5ice1    
,doves (1 #ajc4  ,v5us ,eryc9a1 #ggn2   
,g5etrix1 #fi1 #ge1 #aei2   ,kalypygos1 
#aff2   ( ,milo2 full figure1 #af1 #bc2 
( ,milo2 head1 fr41 #ah1 #eg1 #ei2   (  

,milo2 re/or$1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 
#cd1 #ce1 #ch2   on ! swan1 #ee1 #ef2   
,pros]p9a1 #aed2   ,urania1 #gd2        
,victrix1 #ge1 #gg1 #gh1 #gi2           
,victrix1 ,/atue call$1 #de1 #dg1 #dh2  
,vulg>is1 #gd4  ,victory1 ,v5us ( ,milo 
z1 #ca4   ,w>1 ,goddess (1 #gg-hb4      
,w+s1 #ii4  ,wo]mann1 #ajbn4  ,woman1   
,orig9 (1 #abg-acb4   ,zealotry1        
,outbur/s (1 #eh4  ,zeus1 #fe4          
,,footnotes3  #a ,publi%$ "u ! title    
8,relation d'une expdition              
hydrographique dans le ,levant et la    
m]-,noire de la gab>re de ,sa ,maje/ la 
,*evrette1 comm&e p> ,m4 ,gautti]1      
capita9e de vaisseau1 dans l'anne       
#ahbj10 9 ,annales m>itimes et          
coloniales de ,bajot1 #ahba1 & repr9t$ 9
 ,ar*ives de l'art franais1 publis s\s  
la direction de ,m4 ,a4 ,montaiglon1    
,,ii s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 #ahfc1 pp4      
#bjb;ff4  #b 8,un d]ni] mot sur la ,v5us
 de ,milo10 9 ! ,revue ,contempora9e1   
#ahci1 ,,xiii1 pp4 #bhi;ff4  #c ,^!     
fragm5ts are pres]v$ 9 a glass case at !

 w9d[ 9 ! same room ( ! ,l\vre :]e !    
,v5us ( ,milo /&s4  #d ,geskel ,saloman1
 ,die ,re/auration d] ,v5us von ,milo1  
d5 ,man5 de ,cl>acs gewidmet4 ,/ockholm1
 #ahie4 ,plate ,,iv4  #e ,conze1 ,die   
,ergebnisse d] ,ausgrabung5 zu ,p]gamon4
  #f ,! ,v5us di ,milo1 ,its ,hi/ory &  
,its ,art4 ,new ,york1 ,cambridge       
,encyclop$ia ,co41 #aijj4  #g ,z we     
might suppose 9 read+ ,hesiod1 ,?41     
#aie;ff1 & ,plato1 ,crat41 #djf c4  #h  
,taylor m5tions ?is ,maori leg5d 9 8    
,new ,zeal&1 #aai4 ,cf4 ,&rew ,lang1    
,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 ,i1 #cjb1 &  
,ros*]1 ,lex41 s4 v4 8,kronos10 col4    
#aedb4  #i ,h4 ,/e9?al1 8,die ,sage von 
,prome!us10 9 ,zeits*rift fr            
,vlk]psy*ologie und ,spra*wiss5s*aft1   
,,ii1 ii1 #h-i4  #aj  4  #aa ,z report$ 
9 ,ros*]'s ,lexikon1 s4 v4 8,aphrodite40
  #ab ,prell]1 ,grie*is*e ,my?ologie1   
,i1 p4 #cfd4  #ac ,! orig9al is writt5 9
 a ,sum]ian dialect ) a translation into
 ! ,semitic ,babylonian4 ,see ,records (
 ! ,pa/1 ,new ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #he4 

#ad ,lit]ally1 8,i d n take c\nsel1     
myself ,i am n wise40  #ae ,records ( ! 
,pa/1 ,vol4 ,,vii1 p4 #fg4  #af ,,ii1   
,pl4 ,,xlviii1 p4 #fig4  #ag ,= fur!r   
details see ,dr4 ,alfr$ ,j]emias1 :o    
publi%es ! text ( ! passages "h quot$ & 
(f]s a lit]al ,g]man translation )      
editorial notes & o!r explanations4 ,!  
conception ( ! docum5t z set =? 9 !     
quot$ passages is bas$ ^u ! int]polation
 ( ,dr4 ,j]emias1 :i* he ju/ifies 9 8   
critical notes4 ,dr4 ,j]emias's         
int]pretation ( ! conclud+ words is     
ju/ifi$ by ano!r cunei=m tablet :i* :ile
 relat+ a conjuration ( ! dead beg9s ) !
 same description ( ,%eol z does ! leg5d
 ( ,i/>'s desc5t to ,hell4  #ah ,!      
anci5t poem ( ,i/>'s desc5t to ,hades   
has be5 ca/ into poetic =m by ,edw>d    
,gil*ri/4 ,see ,! ,moni/1 ,april1 #aiab4
 7,vol4 ,,xxii1 pp4 #bei-bfg47  #ai ,!  
passages 9 brackets are mutilat$ 9 !    
orig9al & ! words are sugge/$ by !      
context or sometimes by p>allel         
passages4  #bj ,p]haps ! dress ( w+s is 

an expression ( ! belief t ! s\l is w+$1
 f\nd also 9 ,egypt1 :]e ! s\l ( man is 
comp>$ to a human-head$ hawk1 9 :i* =m x
 is at lib]ty to visit o!r places4  #ba 
,:y ! goddess ,allatu proposes to weep  
is n q cle>4 ,p]haps x is a promise to h
 all ! fun]al rituals ) _! wail+s &     
lam5tations prop]ly att5d$ to = ! sake (
 prev5t+ fur!r attempts at hav+ ! dead  
reclaim$4  #bb ,! goddess ,allatu4  #bc 
,uddusunmir means 88 light w illum9e40  
,! significance ( ?is be+ does n seem to
 be cle>4 ,p]haps he is a m]e puppet1 an
 automaton to be> ! curse ( ,allatu )\t 
suff]+ h>m4  #bd ,! "n ( ! great gods is
 ! mo/ p[]ful means ( conjuration1 & ,ea
 alone1 ! god ( unfa?omable wisdom1     
seems to h comm& ( x4 ,! ,babylonian    
orig9 ( ! ,talmudic & cabali/ic belief 9
 ! p[] ( ! my/]i\s "n is fully e/abli%$4
  #be ,! same ge/ures ( grief are       
record$ 9 ,j]emiah xxxi4 #ai = !        
,hebrews1 9 ,odyssey ,,xxxi1 #aih = !   
,greeks4 ,9 a simil> way1 we read ( ,ea 
9 ano!r docum5t1 8:5 he he>d ?is he bit 

8 lip0 7cf4 ,a4 ,s4 ,k4 ,t41 ,,lxxxvi1  
#bd74  #bf ,! context does n reveal :y !
 ,anunnaki1 ! sev5 evil spirits ( ,%eol1
 %\ld be plac$ ^u ! gold5 ?rone4  #bg ,!
 significance ( ,belili's break+ a      
preci\s ut5sil 9 ! ritual ( lam5tation  
is n cle>4  #bh ,f ,wo]mann's ,ges*i*te 
d] ,kun/4  #bi ,= fur!r details ) reg>d 
to ?is relief see ! au?or's ,! ,bride ( 
,*ri/1 p4 #h4  #cj ,see ! au?or's       
article4 8,! ,fi% z a ,my/ic ,symbol 9  
,*9a & ,japan10 ,! ,op5 ,c\rt1 ,july1   
#aiaa4  #ca ,val means 8! battle-field02
 ! "n ,valkyrie designates 8! "o :o     
*ooses10 viz41 ! maid5 ( ,od9 :o selects
 h]oes = ,valhall1 ! great hall ( ! god 
( battles4 ,! root ,val is /ill pres]v$ 
9 ! mod]n ,g]man ^w ,wahl/att1 8place ( 
battle40  #cb ,see ! au?or's ,s\l (     
,man1 pp4 #cii;ff4  #cc ,pron\nce       
,russak%4 ,! "n ref]s to ! "p he w play 
9 ! /ory2 x means bo? 8a ball ( m]cury10
 & 8a treasure ( ta/e1 wit1 lit]>y      
s5tim5ts or flavors10 a sort ( walk+    
encyclop$ia4 ,! ,k+'s companion is a    

sali5t figure 9 ,h9du drama3 he is a    
sort ( ,san*o ,panza1 m9us ! vulg>ity & 
! humor4  #cd 8,a tree ) orange-color$  
fragrant blossoms40  #ce ,! ,h9du       
,vulcan1 sometimes1 z "h1 us$ = !       
,creator1 dhatri  ,plato's 4 ,sanskrit  
lit]ature is ! key to ,plato2 mu* ( 8   
philosophy is only ! moonlike reflection
 ( ,h9du my?ology4  #cf ,h9du poets see 
a resemblance betwe5 r[s ( bees &       
eye-glances4  #cg ,! ,indian cuckoo4 ,! 
crane is a by-^w = inw>d villa9y &      
sanctimoni\s ext]ior4  #ch ,! *akrawka1 
or ,brahmany drake1 is fabl$ to pass !  
night sorr[+ = ! abs5ce ( 8 mate & %e = 
him4  #ci   #dj ,t]ra-cotta 9 ,b]l9     
,museum 7,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 col4 #djg74 
#da ,see ,pausanias #b1 #aj1 #d4  #db   
,cf4 ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i4 cols4 #daa-dab1 
& ,prell]4 ,gr4 ,m41 ,i1 p4 #chc4  #dc  
,see ,ros*]1 ,lex41 ,i1 col4 #djf1 &    
,monum5ts grecs1 ,pl4 #a4  #dd ,f ,dr4  
,william ,ell]y ,leon>d's translation4