,m5 ( ! ,k+dom                          
,fnelon3 ,! ,my/ic                      
,by                               ,james
 ,mudge1      ,au?or ( ,! ,sa9tly       
,call+1 ,! ,be/ ( ,br[n+1 etc4          
,,c9c9nati3 ,,j5n+s ,,& ,,graham        
,,new ,,york3 ,,eaton ,,& ,,ma9s        
copyright #aijf1 by                     
,j5n+s & ,graham                        
,to ,my ,de> ,wife4                     
,a wise "m ( *ildr51                    
,a fai?ful mission>y 9 ,india1          
,an effici5t work] 9 _m ,*ur*es4        
,a ,,^w ,,to ,,! ,,read]   ,!re h be5 _m
 lives ( ,fnelon4 ,f\r 7 br\ght out 9 ! 
eighte5? c5tury1 & two q ext5sive ones 7
 issu$ z rec5tly z #aija4 ,9 a few cases
 !y h be5 writt5 9 a _s ( cold1         
sup]cili\s disp>agem5t & cynical comm5t 
by p :o evid5tly _h no exp]i5ce :i* w\ld
 qualify !m to und]/& ! "* !y ra%ly     
attempt$ to portray4 ,b ! endeavor to   
pull ,fnelon d[n f ! p$e/al on :i* he   
has s long /ood c n succe$4 ,s long z 8 
own writ+s rema9 to be> te/imony to !   

high qualities ( 8 m9d & s\l1 8 fame is 
secure4 ,x is ! *ief regret ( ! pres5t  
writ] t1 ow+ to ! re/rict$ size ( !     
book1 he has n be5 able to give m (     
,fnelon's own words4 ,! read] is        
recomm5d$ to procure ! ,spiritual       
,lett]s ( ,fnelon1 publi%$ 9 two volumes
 by ,e4 ,p4 ,dutton  ,co41 ,new ,york4#a
  ,x is n claim$ t ,fnelon 0 :olly )\t  
faults1 or 0 9 all respects ahead ( 8   
times4 ,h[ c\ld t be expect$8 ,he took1 
9 ! ma91 ( c\rse1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic view
 9 ! que/ions t arose reg>d+ h]esy & !  
g5]al affairs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is n        
necess>y to def5d him = ?is4 ,we are    
conc]n$1 9 /udy+ su* p]sons1 n s mu* )  
_! dogmatic op9ions & beliefs1 ! result 
( _! environm5t1 z ) ! _s ( _! lives1 _!
 atta9m5ts 9 hol9ess1 & ! light :i* !y c
 %$ on ! be/ means ( gr[? 9 grace4 ,x is
 believ$ t ! pres5t volume w be f\nd    
helpful to ?is end4 ,! type ( piety     
exemplifi$ by ,fnelon1 ,flet*]1 ,fab]1 &
 o!rs ( ?is sort1 does n appeal ) equal 
=ce to all1 ow+ to diff]5ce ( m5tal &   

physical con/itution4 ,b all1 :atev] _! 
temp]am5t1 c get only good by           
contemplat+ su* an example z is pres5t$ 
9 ^! pages4 ,!y c n feel ! quick ?robs (
 8 deeply lov+ he>t1 & note ! s9c]ity ( 
purpose ) :i* he s]v$ 8 de> ,r$eem]1 )\t
 be+ /imulat$ 9 _! zeal1 & help$ to     
walk1 9 _! own way1 m wor?ily ( !       
vocation ) :i* !y !mselves are call$4 ,t
 ?is may inde$ be ! outcome = e read] ( 
! foll[+ *apt]s1 is ! e>ne/ pray] ( !   
au?or4                                  
,,james ,,mudge4  ,jamaica ,pla91 ,mass4
                                        
,,cont5ts   ,*apt]                      
,page  ,i4 ,f ,y\? to ,manhood1         
#i  ,,ii4 ,! ,sett+ ( ! ,picture1       
#de  ,,iii4 ,preceptor to ! ,pr9ce1     
#fg  ,,iv4 ,my/icism & ,quietism1       
#id  ,v4 ,! ,great ,conflict1           
#abj  ,,vi4 ,! ,good ,ar*bi%op1         
#aei  ,,vii4 ,! ,spiritual ,lett]s1     
#aic                                    
,fnelon3 ,! ,my/ic                      
,,*apt] ,i4                          ,,f

 ,,y\? ,,to ,,manhood4   ,*ri/ian       
p]fection1 or ! highe/ possibilities (  
,*ri/ian grace & gr[?1 is a !me ( int5se
 int]e/ to e true lov] ( ! ,"l4 ,!re are
 _m ways ( promot+ x1 widely diff]+ 9 _!
 m]its & _! helpfulness4 ,)\t disp>ag+  
o!r me?ods1 x may be safely said t no?+ 
c be bett] ?an example4 ,*ri/ianity     
c5t]s ar\nd a p]son2 & p]sonal exp]i5ce 
p]5nially appeals4 ,bett] ?an ab/ract   
discussion is concrete practice4 ,m     
pr(itable ?an speculation & controv]sy  
is an actual life on highe/ levels4 ,!re
 is also a l>ge advantage 9 behold+ su* 
a life 9 ano!r age & l& & ,*ur*1 ?us    
not+ h[ ,god c magnify & fulfill        
,himself 9 v div]se circum/ances1 & amid
 intellectual influ5ces t to u are q    
obnoxi\s4  ,we invite1 !re=e1 ! att5tion
 ( ! ?\ghtful read] to a man :o pres5ts 
"o ( ! mo/ p]fect types ( human purity t
 ! _w has ev] se52 "o :o = two hundr$   
ye>s has /ood among ! *oice/ few ( ^?   
univ]sally e/eem$ to be au?orities 9    
spiritual ?+s2 "o end[$ ) a lu/] :i* !  

lapse ( "t c n t>ni%1--a lu/] f> bright]
 ?an c be be/[$ by m]e worldly honors or
 temporal prosp]ity1 h[ev] high4 ,he n  
only _h a he>t fill$ ) ! love ( ,god &  
gl[+ ) pure devotion1 b also a m9d      
capable ( ! close/ analysis & ! ke5e/   
discrim9ation4 ,he 0 n only a sa9t1 b   
also a s*ol> & a g5ius1 an orig9al ?9k] 
z well z a pursu] ( hol9ess4 ,su*       
comb9ations are v r>e4 ,8 ?ir/ =        
p]fection has probably nev] be5         
surpass$4 ,seldom1 if ev]1 has su* a    
rem>kable comb9ation ( high qualities   
tab]nacl$ 9 ! fle%4 ,he _h bo? mode/y & 
maje/y1 bo? simplicity & sublimity1     
unconqu]able firmness 9 duty1 unsurpass$
 meekness 9 society2 he 0 equally em95t 
= piety & polit5ess1 = morals & mann]s2 
he 0 sympa!tic & *ivalr\s1 sev]e to     
himself1 indulg5t to o!rs4 ,9 ! mid/ ( a
 voluptu\s c\rt he practic$ ! virtues ( 
an an*orite2 ) ! rev5ues ( a pr9ce at   
comm& he h>dly all[$ himself ord9>y     
com=ts4 ,8 abilities awak5 our          
admiration1 8 afflictions excite our    

compassion4 ,born among ! nobility (    
e>?1 he resi/$ ! bl&i%m5ts ( e>?ly pomp1
 & became cr[n$ ) ! f> high] nobility ( 
heav54 ,he 0 truly humble & truly h]oic2
 good z well z great2 skillful 9 tea*+1 
wise 9 c\nsel1 ma/] ( an elegant /yle   
bo? 9 composition & disc\rse2 fai?ful to
 8 fri5ds & k9d to 8 foes2 devot$ to 8  
native l&1 g5]\s to 8 family1 a man (   
peace yet ready to fight = ! fai?1 true 
to 8 convictions1 tol]ant t[>d ^? ( o!r 
beliefs1 t5d]ly affectionate1 vigor\sly 
dilig5t2 ! glory ( 8 c\ntry1 ! joy (    
mank9d1 ! belov$ ( ! ,"l4 ,he _h an     
int5se nature1 & 01 z has be5 said1 ,"o 
^: religion mu/ be m lov+ ?an love1 8   
daily life m k9d ?an k9dness1 8 words   
tru] ?an tru? itself4 ,lam>t9e calls him
 beautiful z a ,raphael's ,/4 ,john     
lean+ on ! bosom ( ,*ri/4 ,he _h !      
imag9ation ( a woman = dream+ ( heav51 &
 ! s\l ( a man = subdu+ ! e>?4 ,!       
especially fem99e qualities 7 prom95t 9 
him1 yet he /rikes no "o z effem9ate1 & 
:5 he felt himself set = ! def5se ( !   

tru? he %[$ a p[] t greatly surpris$ 8  
enemies4 ,8 s\l 0 l a /> & dwelt ap>t1  
alone ) ! ,alone4 ,& yet he 0 s deeply  
int]e/$ 9 ! welf>e ( ,france & 8        
fell[-m5 t he has be5 call$ a           
politician2 /atesman w\ld be ! ^w m     
befitt+ ! facts1 = 8 ideas z to !       
measures & policies necess>y to make !  
l& prosp]\s 7 9 ! ma9 v wise1 & he _h no
 p]sonal ends to s]ve4 ,9 :atev]        
capacity we consid] him--poet1 orator1  
morali/1 metaphysician1 politician1     
in/ructor1 bi%op1 fri5d1 p]secut$       
,*ri/ian--he excites our ke5e/ int]e/1  
our w>me/ admiration4 ,he greatly desir$
 to please e "o1 & succe$$ s f> z       
circum/ances all[$2 b ! desire 0 held 9 
/ricte/ control by a /rong s5se ( duty1 
:i* compell$ him at times to d & say ?+s
 mo/ unacceptable to _m4 ,he 0 no       
c\rti]1 no flatt]]1 he c\ld n make 8 own
 int]e/s ! fir/ consid]ation4 ,he 0 a   
prophet 9 ,gomorrah1 *>g$ ) a message   
:i* press$ ^u him = utt]ance1 & = !     
deliv]y ( :i* ! "t 0 %ort4 ,at ! c\rt ( 

,l\is ,,xiv--a spot above all o!rs on ! 
face ( ! e>?1 p]haps1 9 t c5tury1       
disgrac$ by selfi%ness1 hypocrisy1 &    
intrigue--he be>s n a little resemblance
 to a s]aph s5t on a div9e mission to ! 
%ades ( ! lo/4 ,!re is endless          
fasc9ation 9 8 /ory4 ,he 0 n )\t faults1
 b 8 faults 7 ^? ( 8 age2 8 virtues 7 8 
own4 ,he turn$ a haughty1 irritable1    
ov]be>+ "y pr9ce1 an incipi5t ,cs>      
,borgia1 into ! milde/1 mo/ docile1     
ob$i5t ( m54 ,he possess$ 8 s\l 9 peace 
amid provocations t w\ld h be5 f> too   
mu* = mo/ ( u4 ,nei!r public disgrace   
nor p]sonal b]eavem5t _h p[] to embitt] 
him4 ,he li/5$ to ! voice ( ,god )9 him1
 & m>*$ /raight on1 brea/ =w>d4 ,9 !    
language ( ,h]d]1 ,8 ,*ur* inde$        
canoniz$ him n1 b humanity has4 ,he is a
 sa9t 9 ! eyes ( multitudes n attract$  
by (ficial sanctity2 an apo/le ( lib]ty 
t d>$ )/& ! ,gr& ,mon>que2 a m>tyr sp5d+
 half a life 9 exile1 ?r\gh ! ma*9ations
 ( a c\rt faction :i* dread$ 8          
incorruptible goodness4 ,be+ dead1 he   

yet speake?4 ,"o ( ! noble/ m5 :o ev]   
liv$1 says ,dr4 ,john ,h5ry ,kurtz1 !   
di/+ui%$ ,*ur* hi/orian4 ,joseph de     
,mai/re exclaims3 ,d we wi% to pa9t     
ideal greatness8 ,let u try to imag9e   
some?+ t surpasses ,fnelon--we %all n   
succe$4 ,let u1 !n1 putt+ aside         
imag9ation1 endeavor to rescue f ! mu/y 
record ( ! mi/y pa/1 a lifelike image ( 
?is _m-sid$1 multiple1 v]satile         
p]sonality4   ,franois de ,salignac de  
la ,mo! ,fnelon 0 born ,augu/ #f1 #afea1
 at ! ca/le1 or *ateau1 ( ,fnelon1 ab\t 
?ree miles f ! t[n ( ,s>lat1 9 !        
dep>tm5t ( ,s\!rn ,france1 =m]ly call$  
,p]igord1 n[ ,dordogne1 nor? ( ! riv]   
,g>onne4 ,! ,de ,salignacs 7 ( an anci5t
 & di/+ui%$ family1 c\nt+ 9 _! long     
p$igree _m ( ! be/ names (              
,france--bi%ops1 gov]nors1 g5]als1 &    
ambassadors4 ,b x is safe to say t !y h 
d]iv$ m lu/] f ! s+le "n ( ! ,ar*bi%op (
 ,cambrai ?an f all ! re/ :o ?r\gh      
sev]al c5turies fill$ l(ty /ations 9    
camp & c\rt & ,*ur*4  ,v little is kn[n 

ab\t 8 p>5ts or 8 e>ly life4 ,pons de   
,salignac1 ,c\nt ( ,la ,mo! ,fnelon1    
fa!r ( ,francis1 0 twice m>ri$1 hav+    
f\rte5 *ildr5 by 8 fir/ wife & ?ree by 8
 second4 ,! elde/ ( ! ?ree 0 ,francis4  
,8 "m1 ,mademoiselle ,l\ise de la       
,cropte de ,sa9t-,arbre1 si/] ( a       
celebrat$ lieut5ant :o s]v$ "u ,m>%al   
,tur5ne1 is said to h be5 unusually     
pi\s1 :i* we c well believe1 & to h     
p]petuat$ "s ( h] o!r traits 9 h] fam\s 
son4 ,f 8 fa!r's side he d\btless       
inh]it$ 8 diplomatic temp]am5t & a      
goodly degree ( worldly wisdom4 ,8      
peculi> situation 9 ! h\sehold c\ld     
h>dly fail to h _h some?+ to d ) 8 "*4  
,! num]\s gr[n-up sons & daught]s ( 8   
fa!r's fir/ m>riage took umbrage at !   
second2 h5ce ! precoci\s & s5sitive *ild
 _h abundant occasion to practice all   
possible arts ( +ratiation to obta9     
=giv5ess = hav+ intrud$ 8 exi/5ce ^u !m1
 & to make x pleasant = 8 "m4 ,8        
con/itution 0 delicate1 & he _h a sickly
 *ildhood2 once at lea/ 9 8 e>ly days 8 

life 0 despair$ (1 & he only recov]$ to 
be = ye>s ! victim ( sleeplessness &    
k9dr$ ailm5ts4 ,he 0 ! idol ( 8 old     
fa!r1 :o1 recogniz+ 8 unusual tal5ts1   
took special pa9s ) 8 education4 ,x 0   
intru/$ at fir/ to a private preceptor1 
:o seems to h be5 well fitt$ = 8 task1 &
 gave to 8 pupil 9 a few ye>s a bett] k 
( ,greek & ,lat9 ?an is commonly obta9$ 
at s e>ly an age1 d\btless lay+ ?us !   
f\ndation ( 8 exquisitely f9i%$ /yle4   
,at twelve he left ! pat]nal ro( = !    
neighbor+ ,univ]sity ( ,cahors 7a t[n   
ab\t sixty miles nor? ( ,t\l\se1 conta9+
 n[ an obelisk ( ,fnelon71 :]e he pursu$
 = "s ?ree ye>s philosophical &         
philological /udies & took 8 degrees 9 !
 arts4  ,8 fa!r probably di$ ab\t ?is   
"t1 z we he> no?+ fur!r ( him1 & 8      
uncle1 ! ,m>quis ,anto9e de ,fnelon1 :o 
_h lo/ 8 own son1 act$ h5ce=? z ! fa!r (
 8 nephew4 ,x 0 a mo/ happy circum/ance1
 = ! m>quis 0 deeply religi\s & ( an    
unsulli$ private life1 z well z v       
indep5d5t 9 8 "*4 ,! ,gr& ,cond1 greate/

 g5]al ( 8 "t1 describ$ him z equally at
 home 9 society1 w>1 & ! c\ncil *amb]4  
,:5 ,m4 de ,h>lai 0 nom9at$ to !        
,ar*bi%opric ( ,p>is1 ! m>quis rem>k$ to
 him1 ,!re is a wide diff]5ce1 my ,"r   
,rev]5d ,"l1 betwe5 ! day :5 ! nom9ation
 = su* an (fice br+s to ! p>ty !        
complim5ts ( ! :ole k+dom1 & ! day on   
:i* he appe>s be=e ,god to r5d] ,him an 
acc\nt ( 8 adm9i/ration2 a reflection   
:i*1 al?\gh mu* ne$$1 c\ld n h be5 v    
agreeable to ,de ,h>lai1 = he 0 a       
notori\s evil liv]1 :o introduc$ e      
species ( corruption into ! adm9i/ration
 ( 8 diocese1 & sc&aliz$ all by !       
iniquities also ( 8 private life4 ,ano!r
 indication ( ! m>quis's truly noble    
quality is se5 9 ! fact t :5 ,m4 ,oli]1 
! celebrat$ f\nd] ( ! ,congregation (   
,/4 ,sulpice1 wi%$ to =m an association 
( g5tlem5 ^: c\rage 0 pa/ impea*m5t1 to 
b9d !mselves ) an oa? nei!r to accept   
any *all5ge nor act ! "p ( second 9 any 
duel--t ! practice ( duel+ might ?us be 
*eck$--he ask$ ,m4 de ,fnelon to take ! 

po/ ( presid5t ( ! association1 be+     
conv9c$ t !re 0 no "o ^: reputation 0 m 
firmly e/abli%$ bo? 9 c\rt & camp4  ,"u 
! guidance1 !n1 ( ?is admirable         
relative1 :o 0 s exceptionally well     
fitt$ by "*1 position1 & situation to   
give 8 nephew ! be/ possible />t 9 life1
 & :o t5d]ly lov$ him1 "y ,francis came 
to ,p>is 9 #afff1 at ! age ( fifte54 ,x 
0 n1 ( c\rse1 ! ,p>is ( ! pres5t day2 b 
ev5 !n x 0 a great city1 rea*+ back =   
its beg9n+ to ! ,roman times1 &         
recogniz$ z ! seat ( gov]nm5t = at lea/ 
a ?\s& ye>s4 ,"u ,h5ry ( ,nav>re        
7#aehi-afaj7 great improvem5ts _h be5   
made1 & by ! accession ( ,l\is ,,xiv--:o
 began to reign nom9ally 9 #afdc1 at !  
age ( five1 b really took *>ge ( ! k+dom
 9 #affa--?r\gh ! completion ( sev]al   
bridges1 roads1 & quays1 & ! erection ( 
v>i\s public & private palaces1 a new   
face _h be5 put on ! old city4 ,x 0     
already ! focus ( ,european             
civilization1 le>n+1 & eloqu5ce1 z well 
z ! c5t] ( all t 0 mo/ attractive &     

di/+ui%$ 9 ,france4 ,! be/ in/itutions 7
 !re1 ! be/ opportunities = advancem5t1 
! highe/ privileges & advantages ( e    
sort2 s t to x naturally gravitat$ all  
:o wi%$ to make ! mo/ ( !mselves "u !   
eye ( t ,gr& ,mon>* ^: favor 0 life4    
,francis1 !re=e1 no d\bt c\nt$ himself  
greatly bless$ at ?is *ange1 & ent]$ ^u 
8 ,p>isian life--:i* 0 to la/ ?irty-"o  
ye>s--) v high1 ambiti\s hopes4 ,8      
gu>dian s5t him = two ye>s to ! ,collge 
du ,plessis1 !n "u ! rule ( ,m4 ,gob9et1
 a fir/-rate pr9cipal4 ,!re he spe$ily  
di/+ui%$ himself z a s*ol>1 & he also   
gave su* tok5s ( possess+ ! gift (      
eloqu5ce t be=e he 0 sixte5 he 0 put    
=w>d to prea* to an admir+ audi5ce4 ,x  
is1 p]haps1 wor? not+ t ,bossuet--:o 0 s
 soon to be closely associat$ ) ,fnelon1
 at fir/ 9 fri5d%ip1 !n 9 fi]ce         
ho/ility--also prea*$ at ! same age1 )  
simil> applause1 be=e a brilliant       
assemblage 9 ,p>is4  ,:at 0 ! next /ep8 
,a noble "u ,l\is ,,xiv _h two possible 
c>e]s op5 to him1 & only two2 !y 7 !    

army & ! ,*ur*4 ,x is n probable t !    
matt] 0 long debat$1 if at all1 9       
,francis' case4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t him1 8     
gifts ( spee*1 8 high s*ol>%ip1 8 deep  
piety1 8 r delicate heal?1 po9t$ to !   
cl]ical vocation1 & !re c be no "q b ?is
 0 ) him a div9e call+1 to :i* d\btless 
8 he>t gave full ass5t4 ,s he 0 plac$1 9
 #afhh1 at ! sem9>y ( ,/4 ,sulpice to be
 tra9$ = ! prie/hood4  ,s9ce he 0 to    
sp5d no less ?an t5 happy ye>s1 9 !     
=mative p]iod ( sev5te5 to tw5ty-sev51 9
 connection ) ?is in/itution1 x may be  
well t we say a few words ab\t x & its  
director4 ,x 0 ! pr9cipal fruit ( !     
great ,ca?olic revival at ! beg9n+ ( !  
c5tury1 ! embodim5t ( all ! =ce ( t     
movem5t--a movem5t m>k$ by v e>ne/ piety
 & a some:at unusual comb9ation (       
emotionalism & asceticism4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by
 a gr\p ( devot$ m5 sprung f !          
upp]-middle class2 & *ief among !m 0 ,m4
 ,oli]1 a man ju/ly celebrat$ = 8 sa9tly
 life4 ,he 0 appo9t$ 9 #afdb to ! p>i% (
 ,/4 ,sulpice :5 x 0 not$ z ! mo/       

deprav$ qu>t] ( ,p>is4 ,he labor$       
unremitt+ly & v successfully to re=m ?is
 unpromis+ flock1 & ! "y prie/s :o 7    
associat$ ) him 9 8 task con/itut$ !    
nucleus ( ! sem9>y & community ( ,/4    
,sulpice4 ,! necess>y build+ to h\se !  
in/itution1 to ! e/abli%m5t ( :i*       
,monsieur ,oli] gave himself ) highe/   
en?usiasm1 0 complet$ 9 #afeb--;a squ>e 
edifice capable ( receiv+ "o hundr$     
inmates4 ,?is became ! c5t] ( a mo/     
:olesome & inspir+ activity4  ,! f\nd]  
_h a v high ideal ( sac]dotal "*4 ,he   
w\ld n admit any :o embrac$ ! sacr$     
call+ f consid]ations ( ambition or     
exp$i5cy1 & ^? admitt$ 7 subject$ to !  
%>pe/ k9d ( te/s4 ,:atev] _! bir? or    
condition !y 7 requir$ to p]=m ! m5ial  
duties ( ! h\se1 & to m+le on t]ms (    
absolute equality ) _! fell[-/ud5ts4 ,! 
complete immolation ( self 0 set z !    
p>am\nt aim be=e ^? :o look$ =w>d to    
holy ord]s4 ,! w mu/ be entirely        
surr5d]$4 ,! good prie/ mu/ become !    
model ( all ! virtues4 ,all e>?ly       

int]e/s & ties mu/ be r5\nc$4 ,! close/ 
union ) ! ,div9e 0 to be cultivat$4 ,a v
 lit]al int]pretation ( ! tea*+ ( !     
,ma/] 0 foll[$4 ,! pupils 7 urg$ to /udy
 ! ,gospels till !y c\ld br+ ! ,div9e   
life be=e !m at any mom5t 9 a s]ies (   
m5tal pictures :i* %\ld help !m 9 !     
decision ( all p]plex+ que/ions ( duty1 
& 7 exhort$ to keep !mselves 9 su* a    
disposition t m$itation on t model life 
w\ld nev] seem /range or dem& a viol5t  
m5tal revulsion :atev] _! outw>d        
circum/ances might be4 ,:ile ! c]emonies
 ( ! ,*ur* 7 obs]v$ ) m9ute exactness1 &
 occasional au/]ities 7 practic$1 &     
le>n+ 0 n neglect$1 ! ma9 ?\ght 0 t !   
p]fection ( p]sonal "* mu/ be secur$ at 
all co/s2 ! _w 0 to be ab&on$1 ! fle%   
crucifi$1 ! devil 9 all 8 =ms resi/$1 & 
lessons ( humility1 ob$i5ce1 & *>ity 7  
to be mo/ c>efully le>n$4 ,!y 7 taught t
 9 ! sil5ce :i* succe$s ! /ruggle (     
self-ab&onm5t !y w\ld f9d ,*ri/ com+ to 
!m--! ,*ri/ :o _h borne all & und]/ood  
all1 & ^: pres5ce 0 f> m wor? hav+ ?an !

 prizes !y _h miss$ or put away4  ,x c  
well be believ$ t ?is :olly consecrat$  
man1 ! fir/ sup]ior ( ,/4 ,sulpice1 won 
to himself s l>ge a %>e ( p]sonal       
affection & loyalty f 8 /ud5ts t :5 he 0
 remov$ f its c>e _m fe>$ its collapse4 
,b ?is 0 n to be4 ,a suitable successor 
0 f\nd 9 ,m4 ,l\is ,tronson1 a man e way
 z capable z ! fir/ f\nd]--inde$ m le>n$
 9 !ology--& fully dispos$ to cont9ue ! 
traditions ( ! in/itution z already laid
 d[n2 a man :o covet$ no ext]nal        
recognition1 jo9$ 9 no race = pref]m5t1 
b gave himself ) s+l5ess ( eye to !     
great "w intru/$ to him by ! ,ma/]4 ,x 0
 to 8 c>e t ,francis ,fnelon 0 committ$1
 & he spe$ily won ! en?usia/ic affection
 ( ! "y man4 ,9 a few ye>s ,fnelon      
writes conc]n+ 8 tea*] to ,pope ,clem5t 
,,xi z foll[s3 ,nev] h ,i se5 8 equal = 
piety & prud5ce1 = love ( ju/ice &      
insight into "*4 ,i glory 9 ! ?\ght t ,i
 0 br\ght up "u 8 w+4 ,fnelon 0 evid5tly
 "o ( ! ,abb ,tronson's favorites1 = he 
0 a favorite ) ev]ybody1 & all c\ld see 

9 ! brilliant y\? a promise t w\ld d    
honor to ^? :o _h a %>e 9 8 developm5t4 
,a high degree ( confid5ce 0 giv5 &     
receiv$ on bo? sides4 ,francis wrote to 
8 uncle1 9 a bur/ ( gratitude1 "o day3  
,i e>ne/ly desire to be able to tell y  
"s "p ( all t passes betwe5 ,m4 ,tronson
 & me2 b inde$1 ,monsieur1 ,i "k n h[ to
 d s4 ,i f9d ,i c be mu* m explicit )   
him ?an ) y1 nor w\ld x be easy to      
describe ! degree ( union we h rea*$4   
,if y c\ld he> our conv]sation y w\ld n 
"k y\r pupil1 & y w\ld see t ,god has v 
m>vel\sly help$ on ! "w :i* y begun4 ,my
 heal? does n improve1 :i* w\ld be a    
great trial to me if ,i 7 n le>n+ h[ to 
com=t myself4 ,?is 0 v beautiful1 v     
delightful1 & ?\gh su* complete dom9ance
 ( "o p]sonality by ano!r is n devoid ( 
dang]1 ! results 9 ?is case appe> to h  
ju/ifi$ ! exp]im5t4 ,francis' e>ly b5t  
to deep piety 0 greatly int5sifi$ dur+  
^! ye>s1 & 8 views ( dis9t]e/$ or p]fect
 love1 s /rongly br\ght out 9 lat]      
times1 7 sc>cely m ?an ! natural        

evolution ( ! ?\ghts & habits drill$    
into him dur+ ?is =mative p]iod4 ,he    
greatly enjoy$ ?is home ( piety & /udy4 
,8 love = ! sem9>y nev] decay$4 ,he     
decl>$ on 8 dea?-b$ t he knew ( no      
in/itution m v5]able or m apo/olic4  ,x 
0 :ile at ! sem9>y t ,fnelon ?\ght he _h
 a call to ! mission field4 ,!          
congregation ( ,/4 ,sulpice _h a l>ge   
mission>y e/abli%m5t at ,montreal1 & _m 
( ! /ud5ts f ! ,p>is h\se _h gone ?i!r4 
,x 0 natural1 ) 8 int5se unworldl9ess1 t
 he %\ld wi% to foll[ 9 _! foot/eps1 & 9
 "o ( 8 desc5t x w\ld n be surpris+ if !
 love ( adv5ture 0 unconsci\sly m+l$ ) a
 m religi\s ambition to %[ 8 love = !   
,savior by do+ a great "w = ,him 9 a    
difficult field4 ,h[ _m h _h ^! long+s1 
b h be5 provid5tially prev5t$ f c>ry+ !m
 out6 ,9 ,fnelon's case difficulties at 
once sprung up4 ,8 uncle1 ! ,m>quis     
,anto9e1 /rongly object$ on acc\nt ( !  
delicacy ( 8 con/itution1 & ano!r uncle1
 ! ,bi%op ( ,s>lat1 co9cid$ ) ?is       
op9ion4 ,a lett] on ! subject to ! bi%op

 f ,m4 ,tronson1 dat$ ,febru>y1 #affg1  
says1 ,8 /rong1 p]si/+ incl9ation1 !    
firmness ( 8 resolution1 & ! purity ( 8 
int5tions h made me feel t !y des]v$    
att5tion1 & l$ me to give y z exact a   
report z may be ( our action 9 ! matt]4 
,! tea*] _h done 8 v be/ to dissuade !  
y\? f 8 purpose4 ,i h told him pla9ly t 
if he c calm 8 long+s & be quiet1 he    
might1 by go+ on ) 8 /udies & spiritual 
tra9+1 become m fitt$ to "w usefully    
h]eaft] = ! ,*ur*4 ,he adds1 ,i p]ceive 
too confirm$ a resolution to h mu* hope 
( *ange4 ,! feel+s call$ out 7 s /rong t
 p]suasion seem$ useless1 & s ! tea*]   
appeal$ to ! au?ority ( ! gu>dians2 :i* 
prov$ suffici5t to /op ! ra% ent]prise4 
,b ! mission>y impulse /ill burn$       
/rongly 9 ! brea/ ( ?is en?usia/ic y\?1 
& x bur/ =? aga9 a few ye>s lat]4 ,he   
receiv$ ! tonsure1 & ent]$ holy ord]s 9 
#afge1 at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r1 & w5t = a  
:ile to "w 9 ! diocese ( 8 uncle1 !     
,bi%op ( ,s>lat4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t 8     
?\ghts 7 turn$ to ! ,levant4 ,a lett] ( 

,octob] #i1 #afge1 sets =? some:at      
rhapsodically 8 excit$ feel+s3 ,i long  
to seek out t ,areopagus :5ce ,/4 ,paul 
prea*$ ! unkn[n ,god to hea!n sages4444 
,nei!r w ,i =get !e1 ,o isl& consecrat$ 
by ! heav5ly visions ( ! belov$         
disciple6 ,o bless$ ,patmos1 ,i w ha/5  
to kiss ! foot/eps left on !e by !      
apo/le1 & to imag9e heav5 op5 to my     
gaze6444 ,already ,i see s*ism heal$2   
,ea/ & ,we/ reunit$2 ,asia awak+ to !   
light aft] h] long sleep2 ! ,holy ,l&1  
once trodd5 by our ,savior's feet &     
wat]$ by 8 blood1 deliv]$ f pr(an]s &   
fill$ ) new glory2 ! *ildr5 ( ,abraham1 
m num]\s ?an ! />s1 n[ scatt]$ ov] !    
face ( ! e>?1 ga!r$ f all h] qu>t]s to  
confess ! ,*ri/ !y crucifi$1 & to rise  
aga9 ) him4 ,?is 0 decid$ly vision>y1 & 
some:at ov]wr\ght2 b x %[s at lea/ a    
he>t on fire to d some?+ extraord9>y =  
,god1 & ?is he _h at all p]iods ( 8     
life4 ,he did n g to ,greece & ,pale/9e1
 ab&on+ ! project 9 def]5ce to ! wi%es (
 8 family1 to :om he 0 extremely        

reluctant to give pa94 ,x 0 a romantic  
dream r ?an a true vocation4  ,x is     
?\ght by "s t he really w5t to ,montreal
 at a lat] date4 ,! ,correspond5ce      
,litt]aire ( ,july #be1 #ahfc1b gives a 
lett] f ! ar*ives ( ! ,fr5* ,m9i/ry (   
,m>9e 9 ! h&writ+ ( ,colb]t1 ! great    
,f9ance ,m9i/] ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 :o also _h
 *>ge ( ! dep>tm5t ( comm]ce1 dat$ 9    
#afge1 to ,front5ac1 ,gov]nor ( ,canada1
 9 :i* ,l\is ,,xiv says3 ,i h blam$ !   
action ( ,abb ,fnelon1 & h ord]$ him n  
to return to ,canada4 ,b ,i ought to say
 to y t x 0 difficult to in/itute a     
crim9al proce$+ aga9/ him or oblige !   
prie/s ( ! sem9>y ( ,/4 ,sulpice at     
,montreal to te/ify aga9/ him2 & x 0    
necess>y to remit ! case to 8 bi%op or !
 gr& vic> to puni% him by ecclesia/ical 
p5alties1 or to arre/ him & s5d him back
 to ,france by ! fir/ %ip4 ,!re 0 n !n 9
 ,france any o!r abb ( t "n1 s f> z is  
kn[n4 ,some:at confirmatory ( x is !    
fact t ,appleton's ,cyclop$ia1 9 its    
acc\nt ( ! ,society ( ,/4 ,sulpice says1

 ,9 #affh ! ,sulpicians1 ,franois de    
,fnelon & ,claude ,tr\v1 f\nd$ ! fir/   
,iroquois mission at ! we/]n extremity (
 ,lake ,ont>io1 b _! labors 7 conf9$    
pr9cipally to ! ,indians ne> ,montreal4 
,! dates d n h>monize2 b x may be t1 9  
"s irregul> way t did n comm5d itself to
 ! au?orities1 our h]o 0 = a "t 9       
,canada2 b if s1 x is v s+ul> t x left s
 little trace ^u 8 life4  ,he gave      
himself = "s ?ree ye>s aft] 8 ord9ation 
to labors 9 ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,sulpice1 liv+ 
/ill at ! sem9>y1 & endeavor+ to spread 
! light ( 8 fai? among ! poor :]ev] he  
c\ld rea* !m be/1 :e!r 9 prisons &      
hospitals or _! own qu>t]s4 ,x 0 good   
tra9+ = him 9 _m ways1 enl>g+ 8         
sympa?ies1 deep5+ 8 views ( life1 & br++
 him into t\* ) *ildr5 z well z wom54   
,d\btless he ga!r$ 9 ^! ye>s--= he _h   
quick p[]s ( obs]vation & a v active    
m9d--mu* ( t amaz+ k conc]n+ ^! classes 
:i* surpris$ 8 fri5ds :5 he came        
subsequ5tly to p\r =? 9 lett]s or books 
! wise/ ( c\nsels on education & k9dr$  

topics4 ,m4 ,languet1 cur ( ! p>i% at   
?is "t1 0 said to di/ribute m ?an a     
million francs 9 alms ye>ly1 :ile 8 own 
room 0 furni%$ ) no?+ m ?an a co>se b$ &
 two /raw *airs4 ,"u su* guidance       
,fnelon c\ld n fail to le>n _m useful   
lessons1 & to become /ill m completely  
fitt$ = ! great c>e] :i* 0 soon to op5  
be=e him4  ,x 0 9 #afgh t ,fnelon1 :ile 
att5d+ quietly to 8 duties at ! p>i% (  
,/4 ,sulpice1 prea*+ on ,sundays &      
visit+ among ! poor dur+ ! week1 receiv$
 ! important appo9tm5t ( sup]ior to !   
community call$ ! ,n\velles ,ca?oliques1
 or ,new ,ca?olics4 ,he 0 tw5ty-sev5 at 
?is "t1 & _h develop$ into a v lovable1 
*>m+1 attractive1 & e way promis+ "y    
man4 ,8 high bir?1 solid education1     
brilliant p>ts1 spotless life1 eloqu5ce 
( spee*1 & influ5tial fri5ds1 all t5d$  
to br+ him =w>d into ! public eye4 ,!   
words ( ! ,*ancellor d',aguesseau on    
,fnelon1 f\nd 9 ! memoirs ( ! life ( 8  
fa!r1 al?\gh apply+ p]haps 9 fulle/     
measure a little lat]1 may be ins]t$ "h1

 z %[+ :at x mu/ h be5 felt1 by disc]n+ 
obs]v]s1 he w\ld erelong become4        
,fnelon1 says ! *ancellor1 0 "o ( ^?    
uncommon m5 :o are de/9$ to give lu/] to
 _! age2 & :o d equal honor to human    
nature by _! virtues1 & to lit]ature by 
_! sup]ior tal5t4 ,he 0 affable 9 8     
deportm5t & lum9\s 9 8 disc\rse1 !      
peculi> qualities ( :i* 7 a ri*1        
delicate1 & p[]ful imag9ation1 b :i*    
nev] let its p[] be felt4 ,8 eloqu5ce _h
 m ( mildness 9 x ?an ( vehem5ce2 & he  
triumph$ z mu* by ! *>ms ( 8 conv]sation
 z by ! sup]iority ( 8 tal5ts4 ,he      
always br\ght himself to ! level ( 8    
company2 he nev] ent]$ into disputation1
 & he sometimes appe>$ to yield to o!rs 
at ! v "t t he 0 lead+ !m4 ,grace dwelt 
^u 8 lips4 ,he discuss$ ! greate/       
subjects ) facility2 ! mo/ trifl+ 7     
ennobl$ by 8 p52 & ^u ! mo/ b>r5 he     
scatt]$ ! fl[]s ( rhetoric4 ,! peculi> b
 unaffect$ mode ( expression :i* he     
adopt$ made _m p]sons believe t he      
possess$ univ]sal k z if by inspiration4

 ,x might inde$ h be5 almo/ said t he r 
inv5t$ :at he knew ?an le>n$ x4 ,he 0   
always orig9al & creative1 imitat+ no   
"o1 & himself inimitable4 ,a noble      
s+ul>ity p]vad$ 8 :ole p]son1 & a c]ta9 
undef9able & sublime simplicity gave to 
8 appe>ance ! air ( a prophet4 ,8       
p]sonal appe>ance has be5 well sket*$ by
 "o ( 8 contempor>ies1 ! ,duke de ,/4   
,simon1 a satirical1 misan?ropical1     
utt]ly worldly man4 ,fnelon1 says ,/4   
,simon1 0 a tall man1 ?91 well-made1 & )
 a l>ge nose4 ,f 8 eyes issu$ ! fire &  
animation ( 8 m9d1 l a torr5t2 & 8      
c\nt5ance 0 su* t ,i nev] yet beheld any
 "o simil> to x1 nor c\ld x ev] be      
=gott5 if once se54 ,x comb9$ ev]y?+1 & 
yet ) ev]y?+ 9 h>mony4 ,x 0 grave1 & yet
 allur+2 x 0 solemn1 & yet gay2 x       
bespoke equally ! !ologian1 ! bi%op1 & !
 nobleman4 ,ev]y?+ :i* 0 visible 9 x1 z 
well z 9 8 :ole p]son1 0 delicate1      
intellectual1 graceful1 becom+1 &1 above
 all1 noble4 ,x requir$ an ef=t to cease
 look+ at him4 ,all ! portraits are     

/rong resemblances1 ?\gh !y h n caught t
 h>mony :i* 0 s /rik+ 9 ! orig9al1 & t  
individual delicacy :i* *>act]iz$ ea*   
feature4 ,8 mann]s 7 answ]able to 8     
c\nt5ance4 ,!y _h t air ( ease &        
urbanity :i* c be d]iv$ only f int]c\rse
 ) ! be/ society1 & :i* diffus$ itself  
ov] all 8 disc\rse4 ,he possess$ a      
natural eloqu5ce1 graceful & f9i%$1 & a 
mo/ ins9uat+ yet noble & prop] c\rtesy2 
an easy1 cle>1 agreeable utt]ance2 a    
wond]ful p[] ( expla9+ ! h>de/ matt]s 9 
a lucid1 di/9ct mann]4 ,add to all ?is t
 he 0 a man :o nev] s\ght to seem clev]]
 ?an ^? ) :om he conv]s$1 :o br\ght     
himself ins5sibly to _! level1 putt+ !m 
at _! ease1 & en?rall+ !m s t "o c\ld   
nei!r leave him nor di/ru/ him1 nor help
 seek+ him aga94 ,x 0 ?is r>e gift :i*  
he possess$ to ! utmo/ degree :i* b\nd  
all 8 fri5ds s closely to him all 8 life
 9 spite ( 8 disgrace at c\rt1 & :i* l$ 
!m1 :5 scatt]$1 to ga!r toge!r to talk (
 him1 regret him1 long aft] him1 & cl+ m
 & m to him1 l ! ,jews to ,j]usalem1 &  

sigh & hope = 8 return1 ev5 z t unhappy 
race waits & sighs = _! ,messiah4  ,!   
community ( ! ,new ,ca?olics _h be5     
f\nd$ 9 #afcd by ,ar*bi%op ,gondi1 z a  
protection = wom5 conv]t$ f             
,prote/antism1 & z a means ( propagat+  
,*ur* tea*+s among ^? yet unconv]t$4 ,x 
0 conduct$ by a community ( wom5 :o did 
! "w ( ,si/]s ( ,*>ity outside its      
walls1 & 0 presid$ ov] by a prie/       
select$ by ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is4 ,m>%al  
,tur5ne1 himself a rec5t conv]t1 gave   
l>gely to x1 & ! k+1 :o 0 will+ to      
comb9e g5tle means ) h>% = !            
accompli%m5t ( 8 purposes 9 br++ all 8  
subjects into "o fai?1 took great int]e/
 9 x4 ,hi!rto ! po/ ( sup]ior _h be5    
fill$ by mu* old] m51 b1 ?\gh only      
tw5ty-sev51 ,fnelon 0 f\nd to comb9e all
 ^? qualities :i* fitt$ him = !         
employm5t--di/+ui%$ tal5ts1 education1  
amiable mann]s1 unusual prud5ce &       
discretion1 mu* love to ,god1 & great   
b5evol5ce to man4 ,! ar*bi%op :o select$
 him1 ,m4 de ,h>lai1 01 z we h already  

not$1 by no means ( ,fnelon's /amp4 ,he 
0 a c\rti]1 a man ( ! _w1 reg>dless (   
morality1 & ev] s*em+ = 8 own           
advancem5t4 ,hav+ not$ ! capability (   
,fnelon1 p]haps he ?\ght1 by mak+ him a 
sort ( proteg1 he c\ld atta* him to 8   
int]e/s1 obta9 cr$it by 8 successes1 &  
use him = 8 purposes4 ,b if he ?\ght ?is
 he did n %[ 8 usual disc]nm5t2 =       
,fnelon1 ?\gh will+ to accept ! (fice   
assign$1 :i* gave promise ( l>ge        
usefulness1 0 9 no way attract$ by ! "* 
( 8 patron1 & no consid]ations (        
exp$i5cy c\ld induce him to pay c\rt 9 t
 direction4 ,consequ5tly1 ,de ,h>lai's  
e>ly lik+ *ang$ erelong to pron\nc$     
enmity4 ,he notic$ ! abs5ce ( ,fnelon f 
8 levees1 & :5 he did pres5t himself at 
a c]ta9 reception1 rebuk$ him ) ! words1
 ,x seems t y desire to be =gott51 ,m4  
l',abb1 & y w be4 ,fnelon's fri5d%ip    
also ) ,bossuet became e/abli%$ ab\t ?is
 "t1 & ?is d\btless increas$ ! animosity
 ( ! ar*bi%op1 z ! two 7 rivals = !     
favor ( ! k+1 on :i* ! covet$ promotion 

to ! c>d9alate1 :i* ea* desir$1 s l>gely
 dep5d$4  ,x 0 probably ow+1 some:at at 
lea/1 to ?is unfri5dly influ5ce on ! "p 
( ,de ,h>lai t ,fnelon receiv$ no       
appo9tm5t :i* c\ld supply him ) funds2 =
 ! po/ ( ,sup]ior c>ri$ no sal>y1 &     
until #afha he cont9u$ to be entirely   
dep5d5t = ev]y?+ ^u 8 uncle1 ! m>quis4  
,9 t ye> 8 uncle1 ! ,bi%op ( ,s>lat1    
resign$ to him ! dean]y ( ,c>5ac1 at    
,qu]cy1 on ! ,dordogne1 & ?is small     
b5efice1 produc+ betwe5 #c1jjj & #d1jjj 
livres annually--ab\t #b1jjj a ye> (    
mod]n money--0 ! only rev5ue ,fnelon    
possess$ = a long "t1 until1 inde$1 8   
=ty-?ird ye>4 ,on leav+ ! ,sulpician    
sem9>y1 he took up 8 abode ) 8 uncle1 ! 
,m>quis de ,fnelon1 9 ! ,abbey ( ,/4    
,g]ma91 & gave himself up z entirely to 
8 "w z if he _h n be5 br\ght into s mu* 
clos] proximity to ! c\rt & ! _w (      
,p>is4 ,he avoid$ g5]al society1 only   
liv+ intimately ) "s few *os5 fri5ds4 ,8
 uncle 0 able to introduce him into a   
r>e circle1 prom95t 9 :i* 7 ! ,duke &   

,du*ess ( ,beauvilli]s1 & ! ,duke &     
,du*ess ( ,*evreuse 7! two ladies 7     
si/]s1 daught]s ( ! great f9ance m9i/]1 
,colb]t71 ,bossuet1 ,bi%op ( ,meaux1 &  
,madame de ,ma9t5on4 ,we mu/ say a few  
words ab\t ^! p1 = !y _h mu* to d )     
,fnelon ?r\gh all 8 subsequ5t life4  ,! 
,duke de ,beauvilli]s1 says ,/4 ,simon1 
0 e>ly t\*$ by ,god1 & nev] lo/ ,8      
pres5ce1 b liv$ entirely 9 ! future _w1 
indiff]5t to place & cabal & worldly    
advantage1 cont5t1 :5 call$ to !        
c\ncil-bo>d1 simply to /ate 8 true      
op9ion1 )\t mu* c>+ :e!r x 0 foll[$ or  
n4 ,punctual & ord]ly almo/ to excess1  
he controll$ 8 h\sehold ) vigilant      
k9dness1 & took on 8 %\ld]s1 z ! k+     
himself bore witness1 a load (          
adm9i/rative details t w\ld h kill$ f\r 
o!r m54 ,9 society he 0 r %y & /iff by  
nature1 z well z on pr9ciple exce$+ly   
c>eful to set a close gu>d on eyes & e>s
 & lips1 s t ev5 :51 z a pr9cipal m9i/]1
 he 0 ! obs]v$ ( all obs]v]s1 surr\nd$  
by pr9ces & nobles1 he repell$ by 8     

res]ve4 ,he _h be5 at c\rt ne>ly all 8  
life1 hav+ e>ly succe$$ ,m>%al ,vill]oy 
z head ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,f9ance1 & be+ also
 fir/ g5tleman ( ! *amb]4 ,he _h also   
be5 gov]nor ( ,havre4 ,he 0 call$ to !  
treasury 9 #afhe1 & to ! c\ncil-bo>d 9  
#afia4 ,he 0 ackn[l$g$ on all sides to  
be a man ( rem>kable piety & purity (   
life1 &1 z a c\rti]1 )\t reproa*--a v   
r>e ?+ 9 ^? days4 ,8 *ief fault 0 8     
timidity1 & 8 excessive subs]vi5cy to ! 
k+4 ,b :5 8 consci5ce 0 ar\s$ he c\ld %[
 a boldness t 0 mo/ admirable1 & all ! m
 to be comm5d$ because some:at =eign to 
8 nature4 ,he rema9$ true z /eel to     
,fnelon to 8 dy+ day1 8 fri5d%ip nev]   
wav]+ or %[+ dim9ution1 ev5 :5 ! latt] 0
 bani%$ f c\rt1 & all 8 fri5ds 7 9 a    
measure "u ! ban because ( ! k+'s fi]ce 
ang]4 ,9 lat] ye>s ! k+ did 8 be/ to    
sep>ate ! two1 ev5 s5d+ = ! duke &      
explicitly ?reat5+ him ) a l fate to t (
 8 fri5d if he did n give him up4 ,b !  
duke repli$1 ) dignity & feel+3 ,sire1 y
 h plac$ me :]e ,i am1 & y c displace   

me4 ,i %all accept ! w ( my sov]eign z !
 voice ( ,god1 & ,i %\ld retire f c\rt  
at y\r bidd+ regrett+ y\r displeasure1 b
 hop+ to lead a m peaceful life 9       
retirem5t4 ,?is manly1 uncompromis+ /&  
made a deep impression on ! k+1 :o1 9   
spite ( 8 lik+ = 8 own way1 knew t he   
c\ld h>dly af=d to sp>e s fai?ful &     
consci5ti\s a s]vant2 no?+ m 0 said ab\t
 ! matt]4  ,8 bro!r-9-law1 ! ,duke de   
,*evreuse1 0 diff]5t 9 disposition1 ?\gh
 equally devot$ to religion4 ,he 0 abl]1
 broad]-m9d$1 bett] in=m$1 m g5ial &    
witty1 b less sy/ematic1 & a v poor     
bus9ess man4 ,he _h no fix$ h\rs =      
any?+1 & 0 always beh9dh&4 ,_h x n be5 =
 ! k+ he mu/ h di$ a begg>2 = he _h     
little ( 8 own1 & 8 wife's l>ge =tune 0 
wa/$ on co/ly b futile exp]im5ts1 su* z 
canals made at enorm\s exp5se to float  
d[n ! timb] f woods :i* he sold be=e ev5
 a tree 0 fell$4 ,he 0 *>m+ 9 8 mann]s1 
& 0 n simply lov$1 b ador$ by 8 family1 
& fri5ds1 & s]vants4 ,?r\gh\t 8 tr\bles1
 :i* 7 _m1 he 0 nev] = a mom5t ca/ d[n1 

b (f]$ up 8 all to ,god & fix$ 8 eyes on
 ,him4 ,nev] man possess$ 8 s\l 9 peace 
z he did1 wrote ,/4 ,simon1 z !         
,scripture says1 ',he c>ri$ x 9 8 h&s4' 
,he 0 ev5 ne>] to ,fnelon 9 "s ways ?an 
! o!r duke1 & equally /an* 9 8 atta*m5t4
 ,he _h no special portfolio 9 ! m9i/ry1
 b 0 consult$ by ! k+ ab\t mo/          
dep>tm5ts1 & 0 v highly e/eem$ by him4  
,! two si/]s1 wives ( ^! dukes--!re 7   
inde$ ?ree1 ! ?ird hav+ m>ri$ ! ,duke de
 ,mortem>t1 b ( ?is family we he> almo/ 
no?+--7 l9k$ by ! /ronge/ bonds (       
sympa?y & affection1 & ! ?ree families  
liv$ 9 ! close/ union ( pr9ciple &      
action1 :i* gave !m great /r5g? amid !  
pr(ligate1 "t-s]v+ c\rt4 ,twice a week  
!re 7 d9n]s at ! ,hotel de ,beauvilli]s1
 :]e ! society 0 at once select1        
intellectual1 & dev\t4 ,a bell 0 on !   
table1 & no s]vant 0 pres5t1 t !y might 
conv]se )\t re/ra9t4 ,x 0 9 ?is society 
t ,fnelon1 be+ introduc$1 became spe$ily
 ! lead]4 ,he 0 accept$ by ! two dukes1 
n z director simply b z spiritual ma/]1 

z ! m9d ( _! m9d1 says ,/4 ,simon1 ! s\l
 ( _! s\l1 ! sov]eign rul] ( _! he>t &  
consci5ce4 ,su* he rema9$ all 8 days4   
,fnelon & ! ,beauvilli]s _h n be5 long  
acqua9t$ be=e ! du*ess1 "m ( eight      
daught]s1 begg$ him to set d[n "s rules 
= ! guidance ( _! education4 ,?is reque/
 is a pro( n only ( ! v]satility ( 8    
p[]s1 b ( ! /r5g? ( 8 faculty (         
intuition1 t a c\rt lady %\ld h turn$ to
 him = help 9 su* matt]s4 ,he _h be5    
educat$ f *ildhood to 8 sacr$ call+1 %ut
 (f f any exp]i5ce ( "s ( ! /ronge/ (   
life's influ5ces1 & !re=e on "s acc\nts 
might seem poorly fitt$ to prove an apt 
advis]2 b x 0 /rongly felt t he possess$
 ! secret ( true/ wisdom1 t :at he      
taught 0 drawn f too high a s\rce to be 
greatly affect$ by ! limits ( p]sonal   
exp]i5ce4 ,?r\gh\t 8 life1 inde$1 x 0 8 
p[] ( sympa?y1 ( ent]+ into !           
difficulties ( o!rs1 ( realiz+          
temptations t c nev] h be5 pres5t ) him1
 t made 8 influ5ce s compreh5sive--a p[]
 r>] & m m>vel\s ?an ! greate/ (        

intellectual gifts4  ,! "w on !         
education ( girls1 :i* grew out ( !     
du*ess's reque/1 swell$ into a          
consid]able compass1 & 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 
#afhg4 ,x greatly increas$ 8 reputation1
 reveal+ a k ( *ild-nature :i* 0 mo/    
rem>kable1 & tak+ advanc$ gr\nd 9 _m    
p>ticul>s4 ,he %[$ himself a ?or\ghgo+  
re=m]1 break+ away f ! trammels ( m$ival
 education t s long & s disa/r\sly _h   
rul$4 ,!re is h>dly a page ( x :i* might
 n af=d pr(itable /udy = p>5ts at !     
pres5t day4 ,x /ill holds a high        
position among works on ?is subject4 ,8 
deep love = *ildr5 %>p5$ 8 ke5          
obs]vation ( all t conc]n$ !m4 ,he      
sev]ely reprobat$ ! fa%ion ( leav+ !m ) 
un$ucat$ p]sons2 = he reg>d$ ! e>lie/   
ye>s z ( unspeakable importance 9 !     
=mation ( "*4  ,nev] let !m %[ !mselves 
(f1 he says1 b d n be worri$ by _!      
que/ions2 r enc\rage !m2 !y are ! mo/   
natural opportunities ( tea*+4 ,he      
discov]$ t *ildr5 are always wat*+ o!rs1
 end[$ ) a great faculty ( imitation1 s 

t x is impossible to ov]-e/imate !      
responsibility ( _! fir/ gu>dians4 ,he  
recogniz$ ! necessity ( discipl9e2 b if 
! *ild has m]it$ disgrace1 he pleads t  
!re %\ld be "s "o to :om %e c turn =    
sympa?y1 ?us %[+ t he _h fa?om$ t       
ov]:elm+ s5se ( lonel9ess :i* is "o (   
*ildhood's *ief t]rors4 ,he says3 ,make 
/udy pleasant1 hide x "u a %[ ( lib]ty &
 amusem5t4 ,let ! *ildr5 int]rupt _!    
lessons sometimes ) little jokes2 !y ne$
 su* di/raction to re/ _! bra94 ,nev]   
fe> to give !m reasons = ev]y?+4 ,nev]  
give extra lessons z a puni%m5t4 ,8     
me?od 0 to treat *ildr5 z reasonable    
be+s in/ead ( unruly animals :om x 0    
necess>y to co]ce aga9/ _! w2 & 8 object
 0 to make !m reg>d le>n+ z a privilege 
& delight1 n z a p5ance =c$ ^u !m by !  
tyranny ( _! eld]s4 ,he made religion ! 
gr\ndwork ( all education1 b he w\ld h x
 gu>d$ aga9/ sup]/ition4 ,he /ood       
/rongly = ! true1 be/ rights ( wom51    
c\nt+ _! occupations no less important  
to ! public ?an ^? ( m54 ,he w\ld give !

 "y girl useful solid ta/es t w\ld fill 
h] m9d ) real int]e/s & prev5t idle     
curiosity & ! dissipations (            
romance-read+4 ,give !m some?+ to       
manage1 on condition t !y give y an     
acc\nt ( x1 he pleads2 !y w be delight$ 
) ! confid5ce1 = x gives an incr$ible   
pleasure to ! "y :5 "o beg9s to rely ^u 
!m & admit !m to s]i\s conc]ns4  ,?is w 
suffice to %[ some?+ ( ! tr5d ( 8 "w4   
,mu* t he urg$ is1 ( c\rse1 commonplace 
n[1 b x 0 n s 9 8 day4 ,he %[s 9 8 book 
s mu* k ( ! ne$s & *>act]i/ics ( little 
*ildr5 n only1 b ( ! special            
difficulties & infirmities ( wom51 t x  
rema9s a m>vel :]e1 at ?is p]iod ( 8    
life1 he c\ld h ga9$ su* insight into   
bo?4 ,& all is illum9$ ) 8 beautiful    
/yle & g5tle _s4 ,mr4 ,john ,morley     
rem>ks1 ,:5 we turn to mod]n lit]ature f
 ,fnelon's pages1 :o does n feel t ! _w 
has lo/ a sacr$ acc5t1 z if "s ineffable
 ess5ce _h pass$ out f our he>ts8       
,madame de ,ma9t5on has be5 m5tion$ z "o
 ( ! little circle to ^: intimacy       

,fnelon 0 introduc$ :5 beg9n+ 8 ,p>isian
 c>e]4 ,! full p>ticul>s ( h] rem>kable 
hi/ory mu/ be s\ght 9 l>g] works4 ,yet x
 is ess5tial t we "k some?+ conc]n+ h]1 
s9ce = a :ile %e 0 "o ( ,fnelon's be/   
support]s1 & !n became "o ( 8 mo/       
p]si/5t foes4 ,%e 0 ! gr&*ild ( ,!odore 
,agrippa d',aubigne1 a not$ ,prote/ant  
w>rior & a noble fri5d ( ,h5ry (        
,nav>re1 :o di$ at ,g5eva 9 #afcj4c ,h] 
fa!r 0 a scamp1 h] "m a jail]'s daught]4
 ,%e 0 a /\t ,prote/ant 9 h] y\ng] days1
 b be+ left p5niless at an e>ly age1 &  
:olly dep5d5t ^u *>itable relatives1 %e 
0 plac$ 9 a ,p>isian conv5t1 & !re      
conv]t$ to ,ca?olicism4 ,%e 0 /ill only 
sev5te5 & uncommonly good-look+ :51 to  
escape ! pressure ( dep5d5ce1 %e cons5t$
 to become ! wife ( ,sc>ron1 a writ] (  
comic poetry & a cripple4 ,s ,frances   
d',aubigne became ,madame ,sc>ron1 &    
some:at improv$ h] position4 ,h] husb&  
di$ 9 five ye>s1 leav+ h] a p5sion4     
,fall+ 9 ) ,madame de ,montespan1 ! k+'s
 mi/ress1 t lady took a lik+ to h]1 & x 

0 n long be=e %e 0 e/abli%$ at a f9e    
h\se 9 "o ( ! suburbs1 ) a l>ge income &
 a num]\s /aff ( s]vants1 z gov]ness ( !
 k+'s illegitimate *ildr5 by ?is        
mi/ress4 ,at ! end ( f\r ye>s ! *ildr51 
) _! gov]ness1 7 h\s$ 9 ! palace1 & !   
influ5ce ( ! said gov]ness ov] ! k+1 :o 
0 naturally ?r[n mu* 9 contact ) h]1    
/eadily increas$4 ,by ! sav+s f h] sal>y
 & ! pres5ts ( ! k+ %e 0 able to pur*ase
 ! e/ate ( ,ma9t5on1 n f> f ,p>is1 & !  
k+1 :o nev] _h lik$ ! h>% "n ( ,sc>ron1 
soon began to call h] ,madame de        
,ma9t5on1 :i* h5ce=? became h] title4 ,9
 ! mid/ ( all ! vicissitudes ( h] life  
%e _h ma9ta9$ a good "*1 inh]it+ mu* f  
h] gr&fa!r1 & n[ %e became yet m au/]e 9
 h] piety4 ,! ,abb ,gobel91 a sev]e     
,jesuit confessor1 direct$ h] consci5ce1
 & ,bossuet impress$ 8 /rong p]sonality 
^u h]4 ,!y p]suad$ h] t %e 0 ! *os5     
in/rum5t = ! conv]sion ( ! k+4 ,s %e set
 h]self to ! task1 f9d+ x on _m acc\nts 
cong5ial1 & a*iev+ a rem>kable degree ( 
success4 ,!re seems to h be5 9 ! complex

 "* ( ! k+1 9 spite ( 8 _m s9s1 no      
little reg>d = religion--x is said t he 
nev] miss$ go+ to mass b once 9 8       
life--& he 0 already we>y ( ,montespan1 
^: influ5ce on him 0 unque/ionably evil4
 ,s ! new influ5ce m & m prevail$2 !    
mi/ress 0 dismiss$ to a conv5t1 & !     
wise1 dev\t1 good-look+ gov]ness became 
a p[] at c\rt1 fir/ lady 9 wait+ to !   
cr[n pr9cess1 & female fri5d to ! mon>*4
 ,! k+ sp5t h\rs daily 9 h] company1 & 0
 ! bett] = x4 ,%e 0 a /rict morali/1 &  
none ( ! sl&]s rife ab\t h] seem to h   
any good f\ndation4 ,%e enjoy$ ! respect
 ( ! be/ p ab\t ! c\rt1 & 0 a fri5d ( ! 
neglect$ que51 :o cri$1 ,provid5ce has  
rais$ up ,madame de ,ma9t5on to br+ my  
husb& back to me4 ,& ?is new favorite1  
:o 0 n a mi/ress1 believ$ abundantly 9 !
 div9e nature ( h] mission4 ,%e accept$ 
! k+'s fri5d%ip to give him good c\nsels
 & end 8 slav]y to vice4 ,! c>e ( 8     
salvation became ! fir/ & mo/ absorb+ ( 
h] duties4 ,%e held h]self a monitress1 
*>g$ to enc\rage & console him1 or to   

*eck him ) reproa*es t none b %e d>$    
utt]4 ,he call$ h] ,y\r ,s]i\sness4 ,%e 
nev] annoy$ him ) opposition1 nev]      
encroa*$1 _h no w ( h] own1 b became1 z 
x 71 ! k+'s conception ( 8 bett] self1 8
 second consci5ce1 a magnet quick to    
draw him1 sometimes into ! really wor?i]
 ( two oppos+ c\rses1 always into ! m   
ecclesia/ically virtu\s4 ,! que5 di$ 9  
h] arms 9 #afhc4 ,two ye>s aft]1 %e 0   
privately m>ri$ to ! k+ by ! ,ar*bi%op (
 ,p>is 9 ! pres5ce ( ,pre ,la*aise1 !   
k+'s confessor1 aft] :om ! fam\s cemet]y
 9 ,p>is is nam$4 ,su* 0 ! woman :o rul$
 at ,v]sailles :5 ,fnelon came into     
(fice4 ,he excit$ h] int]e/ on _! fir/  
meet+1 at or be=e #afhc2 = %e wrote1 "u 
t date1 to ,madame de ,/4 ,g]an3 ,y\r   
,abb de ,fnelon is v well receiv$2 b !  
_w does n d him ju/ice4 ,he is fe>$2 he 
wi%es to be lov$2 & is lovable4  ,we mu/
 briefly introduce "o m p]sonage to our 
read]s be=e we c safely resume ! curr5t 
( ! n>rative4 ,jacques ,bnigne ,bossuet1
 :o 0 = a :ile ,fnelon's fri5d & !n     

became ! bitt]e/ ( 8 foes1 0 born at    
,dijon1 #afbg4 ,9 8 boyhood he 0 a      
brilliant s*ol>4 ,at ,p>is he soon      
surpass$ 8 tea*]s 9 acquirem5ts4 ,he    
took ! ,doctor's bonnet 9 #afeb1 & 9 !  
same ye> 0 receiv$ into prie/'s ord]s4  
,he 0 fir/ canon to ! ca!dral ( ,metz2 9
 #affi1 ,bi%op ( ,condom2 9 #afha1 bi%op
 ( ,meaux4 ,9 #afgj he 0 appo9t$        
preceptor to ! dauph91 & gave mo/ ( 8 "t
 = t5 ye>s to ?is (fice1 resign+ 8      
bi%opric = ! purpose4 ,9 ! pulpit 8     
oratorical p[]s elicit$ univ]sal        
applause4 ,8 celebrat$ ,fun]al          
,disc\rses1 six 9 numb]1 71 & /ill are1 
acc\nt$ ma/]pieces ( rhetorical skill4  
,two words1 /r5g? & maje/y1 describe !  
dom9ant *>act]i/ics ( 8 oratory4 ,he _h 
a m9d well /or$ ) noble s5tim5ts4 ,8    
s]mons 7 almo/ entirely extempore1 spr++
 f a m9d fill$ ) 8 subject1 guid$ by a  
few notes on pap]4 ,attract$ by ! /r5g? 
& sublimity ( ! ,bible he mov$ l>gely )9
 its circle ( ?\ght1 r ?an ) sa9ts1     
relics1 & images1 :i* 7 = ! mo/ "p bel[ 

! plane ( 8 vision4 ,besides be+ "o ( ! 
fir/ prea*]s ( ! age1 he 0 a celebrat$  
polemic & a p[]ful writ]1 hav+ also a   
,roman aptitude to rule4 ,"o ( ! /ronge/
 p]sonalities :i* ! ,fr5* ,*ur* has     
produc$1 he ex]cis$ a comm&+ influ5ce 9 
v>i\s directions4 ,! pr9ciples (        
,gallicanism z oppos$ to ,ultramontanism
 f\nd 9 him _! /alw>t *ampion4 ,he 0 a  
fam\s apologi/4 ,8 k 0 completely at    
comm&1 s t he did n %r9k f oral         
disputation ) ! mo/ le>n$ adv]s>ies4 ,& 
he wield$ a v /rong p54 ,8 ,exposition (
 ! ,ca?olic ,fai? pres5ts ! doctr9es (  
,rome 9 a lib]al & plausible =m4 ,9 8   
,hi/ory ( ! ,v>iations ( ! ,prote/ant   
,*ur*es1 & also 9 o!r treatises1 he made
 out :at 0 consid]$ at ! "t a v /rong   
def5se ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic fai?1 b he   
has s9ce be5 convict$1 n m]ely (        
inaccuracy1 b ( false & g>bl$           
quotations4 ,he di$ 9 #agjd4  ,bossuet1 
x w be se51 0 tw5ty-f\r ye>s old] ?an   
,fnelon1 & = a "t 0 almo/ a fa!r to him4
 ,at ! z5i? ( 8 great reputation he 0   

mu* attract$ by ! y\ng] man & took great
 pa9s to atta* him to himself4 ,he      
invit$ him (t51 ) "o or two o!rs1 to 8  
c\ntry resid5ce at ,g]migny4 ,!y _h /at$
 h\rs ( pray] & private /udy &          
relaxation1 & 9 ^! la/ p]iods ! bi%op   
took pleasure 9 unfold+ to 8 humbl]     
companions all 8 sacr$ & lit]>y /ores ( 
k4 ,no?+ c\ld exce$ ! bi%op's reg>d =   
,fnelon1 or ,fnelon's fondness = !      
bi%op4 ,! int]c\rse ) a mascul9e        
intellect s mu* m develop$ ?an 8 own 01 
no d\bt1 a b5efit to ,fnelon1 z well z a
 high complim5t to him1 = x compell$ him
 to ?9k = himself & brace himself       
some:at 9 ord] to take a wor?y "p 9 !   
conv]sation4 ,"o c b regret t ! fri5d%ip
 :i* seem$ s suitable1 & 0 prolific (   
su* advantage to ! ,*ur*1 z well z      
mutual pleasure betwe5 ^! two great &   
good m51 %\ld 9 a few ye>s1 l>gely ?r\gh
 misappreh5sions & v]bal disagreem5ts1 h
 be5 turn$ to bitt]ness & sc&al4  ,x is 
probable t ! t5 ye>s dur+ :i* ,fnelon   
held ! po/ ( sup]ior at ! ,new ,ca?olics

 0 ! sunnie/ ( 8 life4 ,x 0 at lea/ !   
free/ f difficulties & complications4   
,he 0 discov]+ ! l>ge possibilities ( 8 
own p[]s1 develop+ heal?fully 9 all     
directions1 ) a pleasant occupation1    
bright prospects1 & an ev]-wid5+ circle 
( fri5ds1 :o look$ to him z an influ5ce 
= good1 & increas+ly hung ^u 8 words4   
,he 0 call$ 9 ?is p]iod to m\rn ! loss (
 8 de> uncle1 ! m>quis1 :o _h be5 9 _m  
ways1 bo? spiritually & temporally1 su* 
a help to him1 & :o pass$ away ,octob]  
#h1 #afhc4 ,j h[ mu* he _h to d 9 ^!    
ye>s at ! conv5t is n cle>4 ,x seems    
likely t he 0 little m ?an w>d5 or      
visitor1 9 g5]al *>ge ( ! in/ruction1 ! 
o!r matt]s be+ manag$ by ! "m sup]ior   
act+ "u ! m9ute directions ( ! gov]nm5t4
 ,= conv]t+ to ! old fai? ^? :o _h be5  
born & tra9$ 9 h]esy--_m ( !m1 x w\ld   
appe>1 br\ght !re e>ly1 aga9/ _! w1 or 9
 violation ( ! prop] rights ( _!        
p>5ts--,fnelon 0 m>vel\sly equipp$1 kn[+
 ! controv]sy p]fectly1 & kn[+ also :at 
po9ts to t\* ^u ) inf9ite tact1 :at     

appeals w\ld be mo/ effective 9         
individual cases1 :at argum5ts to use1  
:at influ5ces to ex]t1 :at _s to        
exhibit4 ,he und\bt$ly prov$ himself !  
t5d]e/ & mo/ p]suasive ( advocates &    
m9i/]s1 modify+1 s f> z possible1 !     
h>%ness ( ! /ate :i* he 0 p[]less to    
prev5t4  ,x 0 8 success at ! head ( ?is 
in/itution :i* call$ =? ! next          
commission ) :i* ! k+ honor$ him1 & :i* 
br\ght him into yet clos] connection ) !
 tr\bl$ curr5t ( affairs4 ,9 ord] !     
bett] to und]/& x we %all d well to     
pause at ?is po9t & consid] = a little !
 ecclesia/ical & political condition (  
,france1 & to "s degree ( ! _w at l>ge4 
,,*apt] ,,ii4                       ,,! 
,,sett+ ,,( ,,! ,,picture4   ,x is      
absolutely ess5tial1 9 /udy+ any "*1 t  
we take into c>eful acc\nt ! age & l& 9 
:i* he liv$4 ,we c n rightly e/imate 8  
m]its or dem]its unless we "k !         
circum/ances "u :i* he 0 br\ght up1 & ! 
influ5ces to :i* he 0 subject$4 ,!      
backgr\nd ( ! picture has l>ge          

importance = %[+ (f 9 prop] light !     
pr9cipal figure4 ,! sett+ ( ! gem has   
some?+ to d ) our appreciation ( its    
value4 ,de$s :i* 9 "o c5tury w\ld cov]  
_! p]petrator ) infamy1 9 ano!r w\ld be 
reg>d$ z :olly excusable4 ,! am\nt (    
light af=d$ /rictly measures ! am\nt (  
guilt involv$4 ,unavoidable ignorance   
exculpates4 ,fullness ( k imposes       
responsibility4 ,no great] mi/ake c\ld  
be made ?an to judge p irrespective ( _!
 surr\nd+s4 ,moreov]1 x adds imm5sely to
 our int]e/ 9 any p]son if we c1 to "s  
degree at lea/1 look out ^u ! _w ) 8    
eyes1 see :at he saw1 & s be help$ to   
feel z he felt4 ,we become ! bett]      
acqua9t$ ) him 9 proportion z we are    
able to put ourselves 9 8 place4 ,we c  
c]ta9ly e/imate him m equitably accord+ 
z we reproduce to our m9d ! sc5es ( 8   
day4  ,?is be+ s1 be=e we g fur!r ) !   
p]sonal hi/ory ( ,fnelon ! ,sa9t we %all
 d well to sp5d a little :ile famili>iz+
 ourselves ) ! _w ( 8 day bo? civil &   
ecclesia/ical4 ,h[ 7 matt]s 9 ,*ur* &   

,/ate dur+ ! p]iod 9 :i* ?is great man  
fl\ri%$8 ,:at 0 go+ on among ! nations 9
 g5]al1 & 9 ,france p>ticul>ly8 ,a brief
 survey seems necess>y to give u ! "r   
po9t ( view4 ,s9ce ,fnelon 0 born 9     
#afea1 ! second half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury
 w\ld appe> to be 9 ! ma9 8 epo*4 ,:at 0
 ! condition ( ?+s ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom !n8
  ,9 ,am]ica ! middle ( ! sev5te5?      
c5tury saw ! ,engli% mak+ good _!       
foo?old on ! rude ,atlantic %ore1 9     
,virg9ia1 ,massa*usetts1 ,new ,york1 & a
 few o!r po9ts1 cont5d+ ) ! ,indians1 ! 
,dut*1 & ! home gov]nm5t1 jeal\s ( _!   
lib]ties1 ext5d+ _! trade1 & inaugurat+ 
great ent]prises4 ,x 0 9 #afef t !      
,quak]s arriv$ 9 ,bo/on4 ,a bloody      
p]secution sprung up aga9/ !m 9 ! few   
ye>s foll[+1 & f\r 7 put to dea?4 ,x 0  
/ill lat] 9 ! c5tury1 #afib1 t !        
horrible proce$+s aga9/ wit*craft took  
place 9 ,salem1 :]e _m 7 mo/ unju/ly    
hang$1 & _m m tortur$ into confession ( 
abom9able falsehoods4 ,x is well to     
rememb] ?is :5 we gr[ indignant ov] !   

p]secution ( ! ,hugu5ots 9 ,france4     
,fur!r nor?1 9 ,acadie1 or ,nova        
,scotia1 & ,canada1 ! ,fr5* _h already  
explor$ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ! great lakes1 
made "s feeble settlem5ts1 & conv]t$ "s 
( ! ,indians4 ,_! mission>ies &         
adv5tur]s 7 full ( h]oism & zeal4 ,lat] 
9 ! c5tury !y discov]$ ! ,mississippi1 &
 claim$ all ! t]ritory 9 t ,we/]n region
 f its s\rce to its m\?1 call+ x1 aft] !
 great k+1 ,l\isiana4  ,9 ,engl&1 #afej 
saw ,oliv] ,cromwell 9 pretty complete  
possession ( p[]1 ,*>les ,i hav+ be5    
behead$ ! ye> be=e4 ,9 #afea ! royal    
army 0 totally defeat$ at ,worce/]1 &   
,*>les ,,ii soon aft] escap$ 9 disguise 
to ,france to come back triumphantly 9  
#affj1 :5 ! ,"l ,protector _h pass$     
away4 ,dur+ ! ,commonweal? ,roman       
,ca?olics 7 depriv$ ( ! privilege ( vot+
 or hold+ (fice1 & ! use ( ! ,pray]-book
 0 =bidd5 to ,episcopalians4 ,x 0 9 !   
%ort reign ( ,james ,,ii 7#afhe-hh7 t   
,judge ,jeffreys wrote 8 "n ) lett]s (  
blood 9 ! annals ( ,engli% hi/ory4 ,:5 !

 p turn$ to ,william ( ,orange1 !       
p]fidi\s & tyrannical ,james 0 =c$ to   
flee ) 8 family to ,france1 & sp5t !    
rema9d] ( 8 days at ,/4 ,g]ma91 a       
p5sion] on ! b\nty ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,anne1
 ! y\ng] daught] ( ,james ,,ii1 reign$  
ov] ,engl& f #agja to #agad4  ,on !     
cont95t ( ,europe ! t]rible ,?irty      
,ye>s' ,w> 7#afah-afdh7 betwe5          
,prote/ants & ,ca?olics1 memorable = !  
brave de$s ( ,gu/avus ,adolphus1 _h j   
clos$ 9 ! ,peace ( ,we/phalia1 by :i*   
,br&5burg--! =]unn] ( ,prussia--0       
enl>g$1 & ,saxony /r5g!n$1 :ile         
,switz]l& & ! l[ c\ntries1 or ,ne!rl&s1 
7 ackn[l$g$ z indep5d5t ,/ates4 ,!      
,belgic ,prov9ces1 betwe5 ! ,ne!rl&s &  
,france1 divid$ among !mselves1 rema9$  
submissive to ,spa9 & ! ,roman ,ca?olic 
,*ur*4 ,!y became involv$ 9 ! w>s att5d+
 ! decl9e ( ! ,spani% mon>*y1 & dur+ !  
rema9d] ( ! c5tury 7 ! !at] ( fi]ce     
/ruggles betwe5 cont5d+ armies1 & 7     
subject$ to _m *anges ( b\nd>ies4       
,c5tral ,europe1 :]e 7 ! ,/ates (       

,bohemia1 ,bav>ia1 ,moravia1 ,au/ria1 & 
small] pr9cipalities1 0 loosely         
conf$]at$ into ! ,g]man ,empire "u !    
,imp]ial ,diet at ,frank=t4 ,f]d9& ,,iii
 at ?is "t held ! imp]ial dignity4 ,8   
dea? 0 foll[$ by ! long reign ( ,leopold
 ,i 7#afeg-agje74 ,he attack$ ! ,turks  
on ! ,ea/ & ! ,fr5* mon>* on ! ,we/4 ,f 
! =m] he obta9$ a great /ret* (         
t]ritory1 & 9 ! comb9ation :i* kept d[n 
! t[]+ ambition ( ! latt] he 0 "o ( !   
*ief factors4 ,9 ! ,nor? 0 ! /rong k+dom
 ( ,sw$5--soon to be made /ill /rong] by
 ! victories ( ,*>les ,x--& ! weak k+dom
 ( ,d5m>k4 ,on ! ,ea/ 7 ,pol& & ,russia 
& ! ,turk4 ,on ! ,s\? 7 ,spa91          
,portugal1 & ,italy4 ,portugal1 aft] a  
mo/ honorable hi/ory _h be5 annex$ by   
,philip ,,ii to ! ,spani% realm2 b 9    
#afdj1 aft] a =c$ union ( "o hundr$ &   
sixty ye>s1 x 0 fre$ by a bold &        
successful conspiracy ( ! nobles1 f all 
connection ) ,spa91 al?\gh its          
indep5d5ce 0 n =mally recogniz$ till    
#affh4 ,spa9 _h :olly lo/ h] =m] head%ip

 9 ,european politics & 0 9 a bad way "u
 ! la/ rul]s ( ! ,hapsburg dyna/y1      
bigot$1 intol]ant1 incompet5t2 disord]$ 
f9ances1 impair$ indu/ries--due l>gely  
to ! b>b>\s expulsion ( ! ,moors--&     
inf]ior milit>y =ces left h] 9 ! second 
rank ( p[]s4  ,italy 0 a m]e            
geographical expression1 ! t]ritory be+ 
split up "u ! rule ( petty pr9ces l>gely
 sway$ by =eign influ5ce2 mu* ( ! c\ntry
 inde$ 0 "u direct =eign dom9ion4 ,among
 ! native rul]s ! ,dukes ( ,savoy 7     
p]haps ! mo/ ent]pris+ & successful4    
,v5ice ma9ta9$ a fair degree (          
prosp]ity4 ,naples 0 an appanage ( !    
,spani% cr[n4 ,! popes _h l>g]          
t]ritorial possessions1 9 ! c5t] ( !    
c\ntry1 ?an at any previ\s or subsequ5t 
"t4 ,b ?is local importance 0 m ?an     
(fset by loss 9 ! l>g] sph]e ( influ5ce 
& pr]ogative4 ,conv5i5ce1 inde$1        
occasionally l$ a prom95t sov]eign to   
submit "s "q to ! papal judgm5t2 9 _m   
in/ances 8 wi%es 7 op5ly disreg>d$1 & 9 
! lead+ que/ions ( ,european politics no

 def]5ce 0 paid him4  ,an int]e/+       
episode occurr+ j at ?is "t p]haps      
des]ves m5tion4 ,que5 ,*ri/9a ( ,sw$51 !
 tal5t$ b ecc5tric daught] ( ! great    
,gu/avus ,adolphus1 9 #afed abdicat$ h] 
?rone 9 favor ( h] c\s91 quitt$ ! l& (  
h] fa!rs1 0 solemnly admitt$ into !     
,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* at ,innspruck1 &  
e/abli%$ h] p]man5t resid5ce 9 ,rome    
till h] dea? 9 #afhi4 ,! pope1 ,alex&]  
,,vii1 consid]$ x ! special di/9ction ( 
8 pontificate t he 0 p]mitt$ to welcome 
s di/+ui%$ a conv]t2 b %e did n prove 9 
all ?+s :olly satisfactory1 n f9d+      
matt]s q z %e expect$--a frequ5t        
exp]i5ce 9 su* cases4 ,to ,gilb]t       
,burnet1 ! ,engli% ,bi%op ( ,salisbury1 
:o paid h] a visit1 %e said1 ,x 0 c]ta9 
t ! ,*ur* 0 gov]n$ by ! imm$iate c>e (  
,god1 = none ( ! f\r popes t %e _h kn[n 
s9ce %e came to ,rome _h common s5se4   
,%e call$ !m ! fir/ & ! la/ ( m54  ,!   
hi/ory ( ,france dur+ ! p]iod 9 :i*     
,fnelon fl\ri%$ mu/ be giv5 at some:at  
great] l5g? if we w\ld prop]ly compreh5d

 ! "p :i* he took on ! /age ( action4 ,&
 especially mu/ we att5d to ! "* ( ,l\is
 ,,xiv1 ) :om ,fnelon 0 br\ght into su* 
exce$+ close & fateful relations4 ,l\is 
came to ! ?rone 9 #afdc1 b z he 0 !n    
only five ye>s old he did n assume      
p]sonal *>ge ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,c>d9al      
,maz>91 :o _h succe$$ ! great ,ri*elieu 
at 8 dea? 9 #afdb1 0 *ief m9i/] 9 !     
,c\ncil ( ,/ate :i* advis$ ! ,que5 ,"m &
 reg5t1 ,anne ( ,au/ria4 ,on ! dea? (   
,maz>9 9 #affa1 ,l\is took supreme      
direction ( affairs1 & reta9$ x until 8 
dea? 9 #agae4 ,x 0 a v long &1 9 "s     
respects1 a v successful reign1 ! mo/   
illu/ri\s 9 ,fr5* annals2 a sort (      
,solomonic era1 to be comp>$ ) ! age (  
,p]icles 9 ,greece1 ,augu/us 9 ,rome1 & 
,elizabe? 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 brilliant 9 _m 
directions2 an age ( conque/ & !        
ext5sion ( t]ritory abroad2 an age (    
great p]sonalities 9 lit]ature & art at 
home4 ,among ! latt] are ! well-kn[n    
names ( ,corneille1 ! tragic poet2      
,moli]e1 ! ma/] ( com$y2 ,rac9e1 ,la    

,fonta9e1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ,la ,bruy]e1
 ,pascal1 ,malebran*e1 & ,madame de     
,svign4 ,voltaire & ,r\sseau 7 born dur+
 ?is reign1 b ma9ly fl\ri%$ lat]4 ,among
 em95t pa9t]s 7 ,p\ss91 ,claude ,lorra91
 ,lebrun1 & ,mign>d4 ,z ar*itects1      
,mans>t & ,p]rault 7 fam\s2 among       
sculptors1 ,piget2 among compos]s1      
,lulli4 ,celebrat$ 9 ! pulpit 7         
,bossuet1 ,b\rdal\e1 ,massillon1 &      
,fle*i]2 z ,*ur* hi/orians1 ,natalis    
,alex&]1 ,fleury1 & ,tillemont4 ,9 !    
field ! pre/ige ( ! ,fr5* armies 0      
upheld by ! g5ius ( ,tur5ne1 ,cond1     
,vauban1 ,luxemburg1 & ,cat9at4 ,"u ^!  
m>%als _m victories 7 won 9 an almo/    
con/ant succession ( w>s ) ,spa91       
,holl&1 ,engl&1 ! ,empire1 & o!r        
antagoni/s4 ,! peace :i* ,l\is dictat$  
to ,europe at ,nimegu51 ,febru>y #e1    
#afgi1 rais$ him to 8 highe/ po9t ( p[] 
& glory4 ,! head%ip ( ! _w seem$ to be  
)9 8 grasp1 if inde$ x 0 n already      
atta9$4 ,8 c\rti]s wor%ip$ him z a      
demigod2 two triumphal ar*es 7 erect$ to

 8 honor 9 ,p>is2 =eign gov]nm5ts reg>d$
 him ) ke5 appreh5sion or ) s]vile awe4 
,he excit$ wond] & fe> ?r\gh\t !        
cont95t1 = 8 ambiti\s projects ( /ill   
va/] dom9ion seem$ to ?reat5 ! safety & 
indep5d5ce ( all 8 neighbors4 ,he 0     
possess$ ( a /rong m9d1 a resolute w1   
consid]able sagacity & p5etration1 mu*  
aptitude = bus9ess1 & an indefatigable  
indu/ry4 ,8 p[]s ( application 7        
rem>kable4 ,:5 he gave direction 9 #affa
 t he w\ld be 8 own prime m9i/]1 t all  
bus9ess %\ld pass ?r\gh 8 h&s1 & all    
que/ions be decid$ directly by himself1 
e "o expect$ t he w\ld soon tire ( !    
drudg]y :i* ?is w\ld impose2 b he kept x
 up till ! end ( 8 life1 labor+ regul>ly
 9 8 cab9et eight h\rs a day4 ,he _h !  
mo/ extravagant ideas ( ! royal         
pr]ogative4 ,he 0 an absolute1          
irresponsible mon>*1 accu/om$ to say &  
mean1 ,! ,/ate3 x is myself4 ,ev5 !     
prop]ty ( ! realm he consid]$ z 84 ,9 an
 in/ruction to 8 son he decl>$1 ,k+s are
 absolute lords & h naturally ! full &  

free disposal ( all ! goods possess$1 z 
well by ,*ur*m5 z by laym51 to use !m at
 all times accord+ to ! g5]al ne$ ( _!  
,/ate4 ,hav+ ?is conception ( 8 p[]1    
reg>d+ 8 au?ority z delegat$ imm$iately 
f heav51 he surr\nd$ himself ) ^? :o    
w\ld be subs]vi5t to 8 w1 & ! "o av5ue (
 advancem5t 0 8 favor2 )\t ?is1 virtue &
 m]it _h little or no *ance (           
recognition4 ,he made 8 c\rt at         
,v]sailles a v spl5did "o1 ev]y:]e      
prais$ & admir$ z ! model ( ta/e &      
ref9em5t4 ,x became ! c5t] ( fa%ion =   
,europe1 & ! only place ( high          
attraction 9 ! k+dom4 ,h5ri ,m>t91 9 8  
,hi/ory ( ,france1 says3 ,:oev] _h once 
ta/$ ?is life s brilliant1 s animat$1 s 
v>i$1 c\ld no long] quit x & return to 8
 native manor )\t dy+ ( languor & ennui4
 ,ev]y?+ seem$ cold & dead away f ?is   
place ( enjoym5t1 :i* appe>$1 to t[n &  
prov9ce1 z ! v ideal ( human life4 ,x is
 e/imat$ t a sum1 equal to m ?an        
#djj1jjj1jjj francs at ! pres5t rate1 0 
laid out on ! palaces & pleasure-gr\nds 

( ,v]sailles1 trans=m+ an unsightly     
di/rict into fairy-l&4  ,0 ?is ,l\is    
,,xiv1 !n1 a really great man8 ,n :5    
tri$ by te/s t g f> & rea* deep4 ,z "o  
has said3 ,8 claim to r5[n lies m 9 !   
dilig5t & tireless ambition ) :i* he    
improv$ favor+ circum/ances ?an 9 !     
creation ( great results out ( small    
means by =ce ( p]sonal g5ius & en]gy4 ,x
 is also a limit+ factor 9 our e/imate (
 ,l\is t he ex]cis$ no c>e to husb& !   
res\rces ( 8 c\ntry1 & sacrific$ to ?ir/
 = p]sonal display ! *ances ( future    
prosp]ity4 ,?is impos+ & brilliant reign
 left ,france exhau/$ & h>bor+ )9 h]self
 ! g]ms ( viol5t revolution4 ,9 ! latt] 
"p ( 8 reign ! coalition aga9/ him "u   
,m>lbor\gh & ,pr9ce ,eug5e prov$ em95tly
 successful1 & mu* ( 8 ill-gott5        
acquisitions _h to be disgorg$4         
,moreov]1 8 reign 0 also a failure 9 t1 
= ! sake ( slight & tempor>y ga9s on !  
cont95t ( ,europe1 he ?rew away !       
opportunity to =e/all 9 ,asia & ,am]ica 
! progress ( ,engl&1 s soon to pass     

,france 9 ! race = _w supremacy1 & left 
8 k+dom1 at ! close ( 8 reign1 exhau/$ &
 crippl$1 9 no condition to ent] ^u !   
decisive /age ( ! great conflict ^:     
approa* he did n =esee4 ,be=e 8 burial !
 eyes ( ,fr5*m5 _h begun to be op5 to ! 
%ad[y side ( 8 reign2 ! glam\r & ! glory
 c\ld no long] hide ! tyranny & ! %ame1 
& v few m\rn$ at ! dea? ( ! magnific5t  
despot4 ,he 0 f> f great also 9 8       
private life2 = t 01 = a long "t1 "o (  
unblu%+ lic5ti\sness4 ,diff]5t mi/resses
 7 made successively1 & 9 "p            
simultane\sly1 ! rivals ( 8 di%onor$    
que51 ,m>ia ,!resa ( ,spa91 :o di$ 9    
#afhc4 ,no less ?an t5 *ildr5 7 born to 
him out ( w$lock1 & publicly ackn[l$g$4 
,aft] ! dea? ( 8 que5 he did some:at    
bett]1 be+ privately m>ri$ to ,madame de
 ,ma9t5on1 z already not$4  ,! cruel    
p]secutions ( ! ,hugu5ots mu/ also be   
set d[n aga9/ ! k+1 al?\gh 9 ?is1       
surely1 we %\ld make mu* all[ance       
because ( ! feel+ ( ! age 9 su*         
matt]s--a feel+ n by any means ! same z 

9 our day4 ,l\is1 l _m o!rs be=e & s9ce1
 endeavor$ to atone = ! excesses &      
frailties ( 8 private life by 8 public  
zeal = or?odoxy1 fancy+ t ! slaught] (  
h]etics w\ld (fset 8 adult]ies4 ,8 cr[n+
 crime 0 ! revocation ( ! ,edict (      
,nantes4 ,by ?is arbitr>y act (         
unprovok$ despotism he annull$ =ev] all 
! highly priz$ privileges grant$ to !   
,hugu5ots1 aft] _! l>ge suff]+s & h]oic 
ef=ts 9 self-def5se1 by ,h5ry ,,iv &    
,l\is ,,xiii4 ,he absolutely prohibit$ !
 ex]cise ( _! religion ?r\gh\t ! k+dom1 
) ! sole exception ( ,alsace2 ord]$ _!  
temples to be level$ ) ! gr\nd1 & _!    
m9i/]s to quit ,france )9 fifte5 days2  
=bade ! p to foll[ _! pa/ors into exile 
"u pa9 ( confiscation & condemnation to 
! galleys2 & requir$ _! *ildr5 to be    
baptiz$ h5ce=? by ! ,ca?olic prie/s &   
educat$ z memb]s ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4   
,be=e ?is1 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( ! reign1    
/r+5t measures _h be5 set 9 op]ation = !
 conv]sion ( ! ,prote/ants & !          
e/abli%m5t ( uni=mity ( fai? & ,*ur*    

gov]nm5t ?r\gh\t ! k+dom4 ,l\is 0       
intol]ant ( diss5t1 p>tly f political   
motives4 ,he c\ld n brook t any ( 8     
subjects %\ld ex]cise s mu* indep5d5ce &
 fre$om ( ?\ght z 0 involv$ 9 wor%ip+   
,god or ?9k+ ab\t ,him aft] a diff]5t   
patt]n f ! "o set by himself4 ,!y ought 
all to take _! op9ions f ! ?rone1 he    
held1 9 religi\s z well z 9 secul>      
matt]s1 & because !y did n !y 7         
extremely objectionable & dang]\s4 ,z   
e>ly z #afef a disposition 0 %[n to     
int]pret ! ,edict ( ,nantes--giv5 by    
,h5ry ,,iv1 ,april #ae1 #aeih--;9 a n>r[
 p>tisan fa%ion1 to ! disadvantage ( !  
,prote/ants4 ,numb]s ( ! ,re=m$ places (
 wor%ip 7 %ut up on frivol\s pret5ses4  
,! wor%ip]s 7 exclud$ f all public      
functions1 f ! lib]al pr(essions1 f !   
univ]sities1 f engag+ 9 v>i\s bran*es ( 
comm]ce & indu/ry4 ,!y 7 =bidd5 to      
int]m>ry ) ,ca?olics1 & _! *ildr5 7     
enc\rag$ to =sake ! fai? ( _! p>5ts by  
be+ decl>$ capable ( *oos+ = !mselves at
 ! age ( sev5 ye>s4 ,e sort ( pressure 0

 appli$4 ,a ,bureau ( ,conv]sions 0     
e/abli%$ "u ! direction ( ! ,m9i/]      
,pelissi]1 :o disburs$ ! funds intru/$  
to him at ! rate ( six livres = e       
abjuration ( ! ,re=m$ religion4 ,mild]  
measures n prov+ suffici5tly efficaci\s 
& spe$y1 m sev]e & savage means 7       
employ$4 ,dragoons 7 s5t into ! di/urb$ 
di/ricts & qu>t]$ on ! inhabitants2 !y 7
 p]mitt$1 & ev5 enc\rag$1 to ab&on      
!mselves to e k9d ( brutal lic5se1      
viol5ce1 & excess1 e/abli%+ a v]itable  
reign ( t]ror :]ev] !y appe>$4 ,x is no 
wond] t1 "u ^! horrors1 we>i$ & worri$  
well-nigh to dea? by su* intol]able     
impositions1 great numb]s ( ,hugu5ots   
recant$1 nom9ally1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 _!  
real beliefs 7 n *ang$4 ,& :5 ! protect+
 ,edict 0 =mally revok$1 /ill m fe>ful  
cruelties foll[$4 ,multitudes ( !       
,re=m$1 ob/9ately refus+ ob$i5ce1 7     
consign$ to loa?some dungeons1 rack$ )  
exquisite tortures1 & treat$ ) e k9d (  
outrage %ort ( actual murd]4 ,numb]s (  
females 7 immur$ = life 9 conv5ts2      

infants 7 torn f ! arms ( _! mo!rs2 _!  
prop]ty 0 de/roy$1 & :ole di/ricts 7    
laid wa/e4 ,h[ f> ! k+ 0 /rictly        
responsible = ! :ole ( ^! horrors is a  
matt] ( "s "q2 b x is c]ta9 t he receiv$
 ) great satisfaction ! *orus (         
congratulations1 on ?is memorable       
,ca?olic triumph1 f ! c\rt sycophants1  
:o hail$ him z ! new ,con/ant9e1 & :o   
includ$ 9 _! numb] su* m5 z ,bossuet1   
,massillon1 ,rac9e1 & ,la ,fonta9e4 ,b  
,l\is inflict$ almo/ z deadly a bl[ ^u 8
 c\ntry by ^! p]secutions z ! rul]s (   
,spa9 _h ^u !irs :5 !y drove out !      
,moors & ,jews4 ,france robb$ h]self (  
h] be/ citiz5s1 ! mo/ ent]pris+ &       
indu/ri\s ( h] skill$ artisans4 ,!y fl$ 
abroad to ! numb] ( at lea/ a qu>t] ( a 
million1 escap+ f ,france to enri*      
,engl&1 ,holl&1 & o!r c\ntries ) !      
fruits ( _! labors4 ,among !m 0 ! ,duke 
( ,s*omb]g1 "o ( ! be/ g5]als ( 8 "t1 :o
 plac$ 8 sword at ! disposal ( ! ,pr9ce 
( ,orange4 ,_m also :o rema9$ 7 s       
crippl$ & depress$ t !y c\ld no long]   

r5d] _! be/ s]vice4 ,moreov]1 a bitt] & 
pr(\nd res5tm5t 0 k9dl$ 9 ! ,prote/ant  
,/ates ( ,europe1 :i* act$ v unfavorably
 ^u ! =eign relations ( ,france1 &      
/r5g!n$ ! h&s ( ! coalition aga9/ h]4   
,s1 9 e s5se1 ! policy mu/ be adjudg$ a 
mi/ak5 "o1 c\nt+ aga9/ ! greatness ( !  
k+4  ,x is important to inquire :at 0 ! 
/ate ( ! ,fr5* ,*ur* at ?is p]iod4 ,x is
 impossible1 ( c\rse1 = u to ent] into  
ext5d$ details1 b we c h>dly und]/& ei!r
 ,fnelon or 8 times )\t kn[+ some?+ ab\t
 ! ecclesia/ical religi\s que/ions :i* 7
 !n agitat+ ! public m9d4 ,religion 0 by
 no means 9 a /agnant /ate1 or treat$ ) 
indiff]5ce & apa?y2 x ev]y:]e excit$    
ke5e/ att5tion4 ,no subject 0 m eag]ly  
discuss$ or occupi$ a l>g] %>e ( ?\ght4 
,besides ! g5]al controv]sy betwe5      
,prote/ants & ,romani/s1 !re 7 _m       
divisions 9 ! ranks ( ! latt]4 ,!re 0   
fi]ce conflict betwe5 ! ,jesuits &      
,jans5i/s1 also betwe5 ! ,gallicans &   
,ultramontani/s4 ,= a full recital ( !  
/ory our read]s w be oblig$ to consult  

,*ur* hi/ories & cyclop$ias4  ,( !      
,jesuits little ne$ "h be said2 _!      
hi/ory is v well kn[n4 ,e/abli%$ by     
,ignatius ,loyola 9 #aedj1 ! sy/em 01 9 
! p]iod we are consid]+1 some?+ ov] a   
hundr$ ye>s old1 & numb]+ ab\t fifte5   
?\s& memb]s1 ( :om half 7 prie/s4 ,its  
lead+ purposes 7 ! ov]?r[ (             
,prote/antism & ! /r5g!n+ ( ! papacy4 ,x
 _h a magnific5t organization1 x l>gely 
controll$ ! education ( ! y\? ( ! bett] 
classes ( society1 & x 0 int5sely zeal\s
 9 mission>y op]ations1 ,francis ,xavi]1
 s illu/ri\s 9 ?is matt]1 be+ "o ( its  
orig9al f\nd]s4 ,9 politics x (t5 favor$
 popul> rights1 especially if x w\ld    
b5efit ! papacy by r$uc+ ! p[] ( !      
sov]eign2 yet x usually secur$ control  
ov] ! pr9ces by obta9+ _! e> 9 !        
confessional4 ,9 doctr9e x 0 oppos$ to  
,augu/9ianism1 & 9 e?ics became notori\s
 = mo/ dang]\s loos5ess4 ,x %\ld n be   
=gott51 h[ev]1 t ! ord] _h at all times 
_m memb]s em95t = piety & /rict         
morality1 "s ( ! highe/ sa9ts be+ numb]$

 ) !m4 ,9 ,france ! important (fice (   
confessor to ! k+ 0 fill$ by memb]s (   
?is ord] "u ,h5ry ,,iv1 ,l\is ,,xiii1   
,,xiv1 ,,xv2 &1 ( c\rse1 9 ?is way an   
enorm\s influ5ce 0 ex]cis$ ^u ! royal   
policy at home & abroad4 ,! connivance (
 ^! confessors ) ! sc&al\s lives ( ! k+s
 did m ?an any?+ else to und]m9e respect
 = ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* & = religion 
9 g5]al among ! educat$ classes4 ,betwe5
 ! ,jesuits & ,jans5i/s !re 0 fi]ce w>4 
,! latt] took _! "n f ,bi%op ,cornelius 
,jans51 ( ,yp]n1 :o di$ 9 #afch1 aft]   
devot+ 8 :ole life to ! /udy ( ! works (
 ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,8 foll[]s 7 ,augu/9ians 
9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! t]m1 accept+ !      
extreme doctr9es ( election &           
pr$e/9ation :i* are kn[n among          
,prote/ants z ,calv9ism2 b ?is 9 no way 
pr$ispos$ !m to favor ! ,hugu5ots4 ,on !
 contr>y !y seem$ to hate !m all ! m    
because ( ?is manife/ approa* to !m 9 "s
 ( _! pr9ciples1 p>tly because x expos$ 
!m to a gall+ criticism f ! ,jesuits4 ,!
 ,jans5i/s 9 _m ways recomm5d !mselves  

to our approval4 ,!y oppos$ a simply    
=mal righte\sness1 insi/$ on ! necessity
 = an inw>d prep>ation to receive       
b5efits f ! sacram5ts1 & laid /ress ^u !
 read+ ( ! ,scriptures4 ,9 reg>d to     
morals1 !y advocat$ rigid               
self-discipl9e1 7 foes ( luxury1 ! !at]1
 & o!r d\btful or noxi\s pleasures4 ,!y 
also _h m indep5d5ce ?an mo/ classes (  
society4 ,!y 7 n ready to surr5d] ev]y?+
 to ! absolute sov]eignty ( ! k+2 !y    
/ood = lib]ty 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,9 po9t (      
ability & culture !y furni%$ "s ( ! be/ 
m9ds ( ,france1 & "s ( ! be/ models (   
lit]>y excell5ce :i* ! age c\ld boa/4   
,blaise ,pascal1 ^: ,prov9cial ,lett]s  
7#afef7 aga9/ ! ,jesuits inflict$ ^u !m 
s sev]e a bl[ by _! sca?+ exposures1 0 (
 ?is p>ty4 ,s 0 ,de ,sacy1 :o translat$ 
! ,bible into ! v]sion 9 g5]al use2 &   
,anto9e ,arnauld1 ! celebrat$ s*ol> &   
,doctor ( ! ,sorbonne1 ! !ological      
dep>tm5t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,8     
si/]1 ,jacquel9e1 became abbess ( !     
conv5t ( ,port ,royal ne> ,p>is1 & made 

x r5[n$ = its purity & piety4 ,jans5ism 
or ,calv9i/ic ,ca?olicism1 z x has be5  
call$1 f9ally w5t d[n be=e its enemies1 
! popes decid+ aga9/ x m ?an once4 ,on  
_m acc\nts x des]v$ a bett] fate2 b we c
 n regret t su* a trave/y ( ,*ri/ianity 
z ! sole salvation ( an arbitr>ily      
limit$ & et]nally select$ few 0 z       
conclusively defeat$ 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic
 ,*ur* z x has s9ce be5 9 ! ,prote/ant4 
,! ,jesuits 7 ,ultramontanes2 t is1 !y  
did ev]y?+ !y c\ld to /r5g!n ! au?ority 
f beyond ! m\nta9s1 resid+ 9 ! city on !
 ,tib]4 ,! ,jans5i/s favor$             
,gallicanism4 ,a few words are necess>y 
ab\t ?is latt]1 = x _h a l>ge place 9 ! 
discussions ( ! "t1 & e*oes ( x h       
cont9u$ to our day1 ! long conflict com+
 to an end 9 ! rec5t rupture ( !        
,concordat betwe5 ,france & ! ,vatican4 
,! qu>rel is ( v long /&+4 ,x is        
hi/orically c]ta9 t at a v e>ly p]iod ! 
,national ,*ur* ( ,france _h a "* (     
fre$om peculi> to itself4 ,! ,franki%   
,*ur* 9 ! "t ( ,*>lemagne gave evid5ce (

 a _s & temp] obvi\sly diff]5t f !      
,italian ideal ( ! ,*ur* z organiz$ "u !
 popes4 ,! ,fr5* ,p>liam5ts f "t to "t  
manfully resi/$ encroa*m5ts on _! p[]s  
or ^? ( _! k+s1 f beyond ! m\nta9s4 ,z  
e>ly z #abfi1 ,l\is ,,ix ( ,france issu$
 an edict--s x is alleg$--call$ !       
,pragmatic ,sanction1 9 :i* he /rove to 
protect ! fre$om ( ,*ur* elections & !  
rights ( patrons f ! int]f]5ce ( !      
popes1 & =bade papal taxation )\t !     
cons5t ( ! mon>*4 ,?is conflict w5t on  
?r\gh ! c5turies ) v>i\s incid5ts &     
diff]+ results1 :i* ne$ n "h be foll[$1 
al?\gh x is a v int]e/+ /ory4 ,9 ! "t ( 
,l\is ,,xiv matt]s naturally came to a  
head ?r\gh ! det]m9ation ( t mon>* to   
ext5d 8 absolute au?ority ov] ! ,*ur* z 
well z ! ,/ate1 & ?r\gh ! support :i* he
 receiv$ f ! /rong feel+ ( nationality  
:i* dom9at$ ! ,fr5* p dur+ 8 reign1     
,l\is's aim 0 to ex]cise su* p[] 9      
ecclesia/ical matt]s 9 ,france z ,h5ry  
,,viii _h tak5 to himself 9 ,engl&1 b n 
to effect a complete rupture ) ,rome4 ,9

 p>ticul> he det]m9$ to en=ce ! "r ( !  
cr[n to ! rev5ue & ! patronage connect$ 
) vacant sees1 :i* _h long be5 ex]cis$  
ov] a l>ge "p ( ! realm2 he insi/$ on   
ext5d+ x to all ! prov9ces4 ,an assembly
 ( ! cl]gy 0 call$ 9 #afhb1 "u ! lead ( 
,bossuet1 ! *ief *ampion ( ! k+ 9 ^!    
matt]s4 ,f\r important articles =mulat+ 
! opposition ( ,france to ! high claims 
( ! papacy 7 drawn up by ,bossuet1      
subscrib$ to by ?is assembly1 & confirm$
 by ! civil au?orities4 ,!y conta9$ 9   
sub/ance ! foll[+ specifications3 7#a7  
,! pope's au?ority1 z also t ( ! ,*ur* 9
 g5]al1 is conf9$ to ?+s spiritual4 ,he 
has no pr]ogative to depose k+s & pr9ces
 or to release _! subjects f allegiance4
 7#b7 ,! decrees promulgat$ at ,con/ance
 respect+ ! au?ority ( ,ecum5ical       
,c\ncils subsi/ 9 full =ce4 7#c7 ,9 !   
use ( 8 p[] ! pope mu/ respect !        
ecclesia/ical canons1 z also su*        
con/itutions z are receiv$ 9 ! k+dom &  
,*ur* ( ,france4 7#d7 ,:ile ! pope has !
 pr9cipal voice 9 matt]s ( fai?1 8      

judgm5t is subject to am5dm5t until x   
has be5 approv$ by ! ,*ur*4  ,bossuet1 !
 lead+ _s ( ?is assembly1 & inde$ ! mo/ 
p[]ful & comm&+ ,*ur*man ( 8 day1 e/eem$
 ! boa/$ infallibility ( ! pope a       
baseless fiction4 ,he all[$ t           
indefectibility belongs to ! *air (     
,pet] 9 ! s5se t h]esy c n f9d !re any  
cont9u\s & /ubborn support4 ,b ?is1 he  
ma9ta9$1 9 no wise preclud$ a tempor>y  
ab]ration ( ! individual pontiff or !   
compet5cy ( ! univ]sal ,*ur* to adm9i/] 
correction to ! pontiff4 ,su* pr9ciples 
_h be5 at home 9 ,france ev] s9ce ! era 
( ! great ,re=m ,c\ncils ( ! fifte5?    
c5tury4 ,! pope--,innoc5t ,,xi 0 !n 9 ! 
*air--0 highly inc5s$1 & refus$         
confirmation to ^? memb]s ( ! assembly (
 #afhb :om ! k+ nom9at$ to episcopal    
sees4 ,affairs rema9$ 9 a v unsettl$    
condition = a consid]able int]val1 no   
mode ( accommodation be+ rea*$1 ea* p>ty
 /&+ its gr\nd2 b 9 #afia ! ,fr5* ,*ur* 
f\nd itself ) ?irty-five bi%oprics      
vacant1 & ! k+ all[$ ! twelve sign]s ( !

 decl>ation :om he _h nom9at$ z bi%ops1 
b :om ! pope _h ?us f> refus$ to        
recognize z su*1 to retract all t _h    
displeas$ ! pontiff4 ,! pope also ga9$  
"s advantage f ! bitt] p>tisan conflicts
 )9 ! ,gallican ,*ur* dur+ ! clos+ ye>s 
( ,l\is ,,xiv4  ,z to ! am\nt (         
spiritual life 9 ! ,*ur* dur+ ^! ye>s x 
is n s easy to acquire reliable         
in=mation z x is conc]n+ ! m outw>d     
ev5ts4 ,b !re are _m indications t x 0 v
 consid]able1 t ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 
at t p]iod 0 9 a v mu* bett] /ate ?an x 
is at pres5t4 ,!re 0 an evid5t desire   
among a l>ge numb] ( its cl]gy to rid x 
( its gross sup]/itions4 ,!y oppos$ "s (
 its absurdities1 omitt$ _m ( its       
ridicul\s c]emonies1 endeavor$ to r5d]  
,ca?olicism m rational & intellig5t1 m  
,scriptural & pi\s4 ,!re are tok5s t    
,france _h !n a v l>ge numb] ( true     
foll[]s ( ! ,savior2 "s 9 elevat$       
/ations ^: virtues %9e af>1 b _m m 9    
obscure positions1 ,god's hidd5 ones1   
kn[n only to ,him & to ^? imm$iately    

ar\nd !m4 ,among ! m prom95t ( ! writ]s 
on spiritual subjects fl\ri%+ at ?is "t 
9 ,france may be m5tion$ ,anto9ette     
,b\rignon 7di$ #afhj71 ^: publi%$ works 
am\nt to tw5ty-five volumes3 "o ( h]    
hymns1 ,come1 ,savior1 ,jesus1 f above1 
translat$ by ,john ,wesley1 is 9 our    
,hymnal1 ,no4 #cgi4 ,pet] ,poiret 7di$ 9
 #agai71 c\rt prea*] ( ! ,palat9e1 0 an 
admir] ( ,madame ,b\rignon1 ^: works he 
publi%$2 he also br\ght out ! works (   
,madame ,guyon 9 ?irty-n9e volumes2 he 0
 bo? a philosoph] & a deeply pi\s man4  
,! ,b>on de ,r5ty 7#afaa-afdi7 0 a man (
 ! pr(\nde/ spirituality1 greatly admir$
 by ,wesley1 :o spoke ( him 9 ! highe/  
t]ms1 & publi%$ 8 life4 ,alphonsus de   
,s>asa 7di$ 9 #afff7 gave to ! _w ,!    
,art ( ,always ,rejoic+1 a beautiful    
book1 fill$ ) ! deepe/ ,*ri/ian         
philosophy4 ,! ,abb ,guillor1 also a    
contempor>y ( ,fnelon & belong+ to !    
same s*ool ( piety1 left to ! _w z 8    
monum5t a treatise on                   
,self-,r5unciation1 or ! ,art ( ,dy+ to 

,self & ,liv+ = ! ,love ( ,jesus4 ,&    
,ni*olas ,h]man1 bett] kn[n z ,bro!r    
,lawr5ce1 admitt$1 9 #afff1 z a lay     
bro!r among ! b>efoot$ ,c>melites at    
,p>is1 is /ill kn[n 9 ! realm ( pure &  
undefil$ religion by 8 lett]s on ,!     
,practice ( ! ,pres5ce ( ,god1 publi%$  
at ! in/ance ( ! ,c>d9al de ,noailles4  
,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul 7di$ #affj71 to     
m5tion b "o m ( ^! illu/ri\s names1     
f\nd] ( ! ord] ( ,si/]s ( ,*>ity1 0 a   
philan?ropi/ ( ! fir/ rank4 ,neglect$   
*ildr51 condemn$ crim9als1 prison]s ( ! 
cell & ! galley1 all classes ( ! poor & 
! un=tunate1 receiv$ f him a sympa?y z  
practical z x 0 w>m & p]sev]+4          
,consecrat$ activity he reg>d$ z !      
ess5ce ( religion4 ,! _s ( 8 life is    
well express$ 9 8 own words3 ,! g5u9e   
m>k ( lov+ ,god is a good & p]fect      
action4 ,x is only our works :i*        
accompany u into ! o!r life4 ,f all ?is 
x is se5 t ! age & l& :i* produc$       
,fnelon _h _m o!r sons & daught]s ( v   
simil> excell5ce4                       

,,*apt] ,,iii4                          
,,preceptor ,,to ,,! ,,pr9ce4   ,l\is   
,,xiv1 be+ b5t ^u ! subjection ( !      
,hugu5ots1 & kn[+ full well t viol5ce   
alone c\ld accompli% ! matt] only 9 "p1 
ca/ ab\t 9 8 m9d = a suitable p]son to  
und]take ! mild] rle ( p]suasion4       
,fnelon _h already attract$ notice bo?  
by 8 good "w at ! community ( ,new      
,ca?olics & also by ! treatise :i* he _h
 writt5 9 def5se ( ! ,apo/olic          
,succession4 ,s :5 ,bossuet sugge/$ him 
z a suitable commission] = ! di/ricts ( 
,poit\ & ,sa9tonge1 9 ! ,we/1 n f> f !  
,prote/ant /ronghold ( ,la ,ro*elle1    
di/ricts :]e great confusion &          
irritation prevail$1 & :]e only a t5d]1 
judici\s h& c\ld hope to guide matt]s1 !
 k+ v gladly made ! appo9tm5t4 ,fnelon1 
be=e accept+ x1 made two /ipulations4   
,"o 0 t he %\ld be all[$ to *oose 8     
fell[-work]s4 ,he select$ ! ,abb de     
,lang]on1 8 lifelong fri5d1 ! ,abb      
,fleury1 ! well-kn[n hi/orian1 ! ,abb   
,b]ti]1 & ! ,abb ,milon1 :o lat] on     

became respectively ,bi%ops ( ,blois & (
 ,condom4 ,! o!r /ipulation 0 t !       
troops1 toge!r ) all t savor$ ( milit>y 
t]rorism1 %\ld be )drawn be=e he ent]$  
on :at %\ld be solely a "w ( peace &    
m]cy4 ,!re _h be5 t]rible do+s & viol5t 
outrages ) :i* ,fnelon c\ld h no        
sympa?y4 ,!re is no d\bt :atev] ^u ?is  
po9t4 ,8 own words are abundantly on    
record4 ,al?\gh ! c\ntry 0 s di/urb$1 he
 positively refus$ a milit>y escort2 &  
:5 ! k+ repres5t$ ! dang] he might be   
expos$ to1 he answ]$3 ,sire1 ought a    
mission>y to fe> dang]8 ,if y hope = an 
apo/olical h>ve/1 we mu/ g 9 ! true "* (
 apo/les4 ,i w\ld r p]i% by ! h&s ( my  
mi/ak5 bre?r5 ?an see "o ( !m expos$ to 
! inevitable viol5ce ( ! milit>y4 ,9 a  
lett] to a duke he says1 ,! "w ( ,god is
 n effect$ 9 ! he>t by =ce2 t is n !    
true _s ( ! ,gospel4  ,he _h ! extremely
 difficult task ( %[+ to ,prote/ants ^: 
prop]ty _h be5 pillag$1 ^: families _h  
be5 scatt]$1 ^: blood _h be5 %$ l wat]1 
! tru? & excell5ce ( ! religion ( _!    

p]secutors4 ,t ?is c\ld be done to any v
 ext5sive degree might well be que/ion$4
 ,b ! mission>ies 7 *>act]iz$ by        
ability1 mildness1 prud5ce1 b5evol5ce1 &
 s\nd judgm5t1 & !y did all t any       
reasonable p]sons c\ld expect4 ,! p ( ^!
 prov9ces 7 amaz$ to see m5 ( high bir? 
& position leav+ ! c\rt & capital to    
come among !m4 ,!y suppos$ t1 at all    
ev5ts1 su* m5 w\ld be luxuri\s &        
haughty1 z !y _h be5 told2 b :51 on !   
contr>y1 !y saw ! mission>ies no?+ b    
l[ly1 self-d5y+1 simple-mann]$ prie/s1  
^: real aims seem$ to be ! temporal z   
well z spiritual advantage ( ^? among   
:om !y liv$1 prejudice began to melt    
away4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #afhf--! mission     
began 9 ,decemb]1 #afhe1 & la/$ till    
,july1 #afhf1 be+ r5ew$ = a few mon?s 9 
! next ye>1 ,may to ,july1              
#afhg--;,fnelon wrote to ! ,m>quis de   
,seignelai1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & bro!r  
to ! ,du*ess de ,beauvilli]s3 ,9 !      
pres5t condition ( m5's m9ds we c\ld    
easily br+ !m all to confession &       

communion if we *ose to use a little    
pressure & s glorify our mission4 ,b :at
 is ! good ( br++ m5 to confession :o d 
n yet recognize ! ,*ur*8 ,h[ c we give  
,jesus ,*ri/ to ^? :o d n believe !y are
 receiv+ ,him8 ,we %\ld expect to br+ a 
t]rible curse ^u u if we 7 satisfi$ )   
ha/y1 sup]ficial "w1 all meant = %[4 ,we
 c b multiply our in/ructions1 invite ! 
p to come he>tily to sacram5ts1 b give  
!m only to ^? :o come ( _! own accord to
 seek !m 9 unres]v$ submission4 ,i mu/ n
 =get to add t we want a great quantity 
( books1 especially ,new ,te/am5ts4     
,aga9 he writes lat]3 ,! corn y h s5t s 
*eaply proves to ! p t our *>ity is     
practical4 ,x is ! mo/ p]suasive k9d (  
controv]sy4 ,x amazes !m1 = !y see !    
exact rev]se ( all _! m9i/]s h taught !m
 z incontrov]tibly true4 ,we ne$ prea*]s
 to expla9 ! ,gospel e ,sunday ) a lov+1
 w9n+ au?ority2 p br\ght up 9 diss5t are
 only to be won by ! words spok5 to !m4 
,we mu/ give ,new ,te/am5ts pr(usely    
ev]y:]e1 b !y mu/ be 9 l>ge type2 ! p c 

n read small pr9t4 ,we c n expect !m to 
buy ,ca?olic books4 ,x is a great ?+ if 
!y w read :at co/s !m no?+2 inde$ !     
great] proportion c n af=d to buy4 ,he  
wrote also to ,bossuet 9 ,m>*1 #afhf1   
,our conv]ts get on1 b v sl[ly2 x is no 
trifl+ matt] to *ange ! op9ions ( a :ole
 p4 ,x is v evid5t t ,fnelon _h ! mo/   
s9c]e desire = ! conv]sion ( !          
,prote/ants1 believ+1 ( c\rse1 z he did1
 f ! bottom ( 8 he>t1 t !y 7 de/9$ to   
et]nal woe4 ,br\ght up 9 ! atmosph]e 9  
:i* he 01 he c\ld n possibly sympa?ize )
 _! position1 c\ld n reg>d _! h]oism z  
o!r ?an ob/9acy4 ,b su* 0 ! natural     
mildness ( 8 disposition & 8 acqua9tance
 ) ! dem&s ( g5u9e religion1 t he c\ld 9
 no way be cont5t ) a m]ely nom9al      
acquiesc5ce or cons5t1 & ) ! use ( t =ce
 by :i* su* acquiesc5ce 0 obta9$4  ,8   
mission to ,sa9tonge has be5 call$ a d>k
 page 9 8 life4 ,yet ! /rongly prejudic$
 writ] :o s *>act]izes x says 9 ! same  
connection1 aft] ref]r+ to ,fnelon's    
firm /& aga9/ viol5ce & ! =c+ (         

consci5ce3 ,to u ?is measure ( clem5cy  
seems b>e & scanty en\gh2 9 ,fnelon's   
own "t x 0 bo? unusual & effective4 ,8  
c\nsels ( m]cy _h weight ) ! m9i/]1 & l$
 to ! suppression ( v>i\s abuses1 civil 
z well z ecclesia/ical4 ,!y manife/ly   
ga9$ = him ! affection ( 8 proselytes1  
&1 /irr+ up aga9/ him ! bile ( ! m rigid
 ,ca?olics1 seem to h /ood 9 ! way ( 8  
promotion to ! bi%opric4 ,x 0 a little  
aft] ?is t he 0 appo9t$ to ! ,see (     
,poiti]s1 :i* 0 ! *ief city ( ,poit\1 b 
,de ,h>lai1 :o by ?is "t 0 any?+ b a    
fri5d1 succe$$ 9 gett+ x imm$iately     
revok$2 & ! next ye> ! ar*bi%op 0 aga9  
successful 9 8 unwor?y maneuv]s4 ,!     
,bi%op ( ,ro*elle _h be5 greatly        
impress$ by ! zeal & g5tle wisdom ( ! "y
 mission]1 & he n[ came to ,p>is1 )\t   
giv+ ,fnelon any h9t ( 8 int5tion1 to   
ask ! k+ to appo9t him z ,coadjutor     
,bi%op ( ,ro*elle4 ,x w\ld h be5 done b 
= ! ins9uations ( ,de ,h>lai t !        
attraction betwe5 ! two m5 0 a mutual   
lean+ to ,jans5ism1 & z ?is 0 always a  

sore po9t ) ,l\is1 he at once refus$ to 
make ! appo9tm5t4 ,fnelon might easily h
 refut$ ^! ass]tions--= !re 0 n a ^w (  
tru? 9 !m1 z 8 close fri5d%ip )         
,bossuet1 ,tronson1 & o!rs1 %[$--b he   
did n take ! tr\ble s to d4 ,he 0 n     
ambiti\s ( dignities4  ,0 8 mission to  
,sa9tonge & ,poit\ a d>k page 9 8       
hi/ory8 ,we c h>dly look ^u x 9 ?is     
light4 ,x seems to u t he comes out ( x 
) consid]able cr$it4 ,c we take x amiss 
9 him t he 0 a /an* adh]5t ( ! ,roman   
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 n only at ?is "t1 b     
?r\gh\t all 8 life8 ,n if we are        
reasonable1 & d n dem& miracles :]e !re 
is no occasion = expect+ !m4 ,%all we   
)hold our admiration f ^? :o d n rise   
entirely sup]ior to all _! surr\nd+s1 & 
see ?+s z we1 9 totally diff]5t         
conditions1 see !m8 ,9 t case1 dealt )  
aft] s h>% a judgm5t1 we ourselves might
 come (f badly1 & we %\ld mo/ c]ta9ly h 
to b> out f our favor a v l>ge          
proportion ( ! m5 :o h done ! mo/ = !   
_w's advancem5t4  ,x 0 ab\t ?is same "t 

t ,sir ,mat!w ,hale 9 ,engl& 7he di$ 9  
#afgf7--:o 0 reckon$ ! be/ judge ( 8 "t1
 acute1 le>n$1 s5sible1 sett+ himself   
/rongly aga9/ brib]y1 "o ( ! s]i\s vices
 ( 8 age1 a fri5d ( ,ri*>d ,baxt]1 an   
au/]e s*ol>1 lean+ to ! side ( !        
,puritans--s5t5c$ wom5 to be execut$ =  
wit*craft1 & s5t ,john ,bunyan to jail =
 frequ5t+ conv5ticles1 politely         
dismiss+1 )\t r$ress1 8 wife1 :o plead$ 
= 8 dis*>ge4 ,& 9 our own "t we h se5 ! 
,e>l ( ,%aftesbury1 :o did su* wond]ful 
?+s = ! oppress$ 9 "s directions1 mo/   
bitt] aga9/ ! re=m]s 9 all o!r l9es     
except 8 own1 ! /an*e/ ( ,tories1 & !   
mo/ rigid ( ,*ur*m51 d5\nc+ ! democratic
 pr9ciple z anti-,*ri/ian1 & uphold+ !  
infam\s ,conv5ticle ,act1 :i* =bade     
wor%ip 9 a private h\se by m ?an tw5ty  
p]sons4 ,simil> inconsi/5cies c be po9t$
 out 9 ! record ( ne>ly all good m54    
,:at does x prove8 ,simply t x is giv5  
to v few to rise mu* above ! age 9 :i*  
!y live1 or to be at all po9ts indep5d5t
 ( ! impress plac$ ^u !m 9 _! e>ly ye>s4

 ,we see no reason to believe t         
,fnelon's attitude t[>d ! ,prote/ants ( 
8 day 0 o!r ?an an entirely s9c]e &     
consci5ti\s "o1 su* z might be fairly   
look$ = 9 a p]son ( 8 surr\nd+s4  ,x is 
possible to impute s9i/] & selfi%       
motives to any1 if "o is s dispos$1 b we
 see no b5efit f ?is policy4 ,x is n !  
way we w\ld wi% to be treat$ ourselves4 
,almo/ e act ( a man's life is          
susceptible ( an evil con/ruction1 if   
suffici5t pa9s is tak5 & suffici5t =ce  
appli$4 ,b we c n jo9 ) ^? :o appe> to  
delight 9 pull+ d[n f _! p$e/als all t h
 be5 lift$ above _! fell[s 9 goodness by
 ! g5]al suffrage ( mank9d4 ,tru?1 (    
c\rse1 is to be s\ght at all co/s4 ,b x 
makes a va/ diff]5ce f :at /&po9t !     
facts are approa*$1 :e!r ) suspicion &  
av]sion1 or cordial appreciation &      
compreh5sion4 ,!re is (t5 an und]ly+    
dislike to a c]ta9 type ( "* or to c]ta9
 s5tim5ts & op9ions1 because ( ! wide   
diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ^? :i* ! writ]     
himself holds & practices1 :i* makes x  

impossible t he %\ld see !m 9 an unbias$
 light4 ,we c n escape ! conclusion t   
,fnelon has be5 treat$ by "s rec5t      
writ]s 9 ?is mann]1 & we prote/ aga9/   
its unfairness4  ,x may be tru?fully    
said t ,fnelon1 :ile do+ fai?fully :at  
appe>$ to him ! duty ( ! h\r on ?is     
mission1 did n p>ticul>ly enjoy x4 ,he  
_h no love = life 9 ! c\ntry or = ! "w 9
 :i* he 0 engag$4 ,he long$ = ! quiet ( 
8 =m] po/1 ) its l>g] opportunities =   
/udy & reflection1 & = ! "t :5 he %\ld  
be free to return to ,p>is4 ,9 a lett]  
to ,bossuet he playfully ?reat5s to br+ 
suspicion ( h]esy ^u himself or incur a 
lucky disgrace t might give him excuse =
 8 recall4 ,he 0 p]mitt$1 %ortly aft]   
?is1 to g back to 8 place at ! ,new     
,ca?olics1 :]e = "s two ye>s m he       
occupi$ himself 9 a quiet1 inconspicu\s 
mann]4 ,summ+ up ! results ( 8          
controv]sial "w among ! ,hugu5ots1 we   
are dispos$ to conclude1 ) "o ( 8       
biograph]s1 t if 8 mod]ation & humanity 
9 an age 9 :i* su* qualities 7 n e/eem$1

 7 rememb]$ aga9/ him :5 o!r cl\ds 7    
ga!r+1 & contribut$ to 8 ultimate ru91  
!y add no less grace to ! record ( 8    
life1 & mu/ h deep5$ 8 influ5ce ) ^? ^: 
eyes 7 undimm$ by prejudice & bigotry4  
,! mo/ important p]iod 9 ! life (       
,fnelon 0 n[ to beg92 t = :i* ! e>li]   
ye>s 7 b a prep>ation2 t :i* w\ld color 
& dom9ate all 8 succe$+ days4 ,! "t _h  
come :5 ! little gr&son ( ! k+1 ! ,duke 
( ,burgundy1 ! hope ( ,france 7= 8 fa!r1
 ! dauph91 0 a failure1 :olly incompet5t
 to fill any l>ge place71 %\ld pass f ! 
h&s ( nurses to mascul9e rule4 ,:at c\ld
 be ( great] importance1 consid]+ h[ mu*
 0 at /ake = ! k+dom1 ?an ! prop]       
selection ( ^? :o %\ld take ?is weighty 
*>ge8 ,:5 ! dauph9 _h be5 at a simil>   
/age ( 8 education he 0 committ$ to !   
c>e ( ! ,duke de ,montausi] & ,bossuet z
 ! greate/ & mo/ celebrat$ m5 ( _! day4 
,b ?\gh !y did _! be/1 ! c\rse !y took 0
 n 9 all respects well advis$1 & !      
results1 at lea/1 _h n be5 satisfactory4
 ,?is w\ld make ! utmo/ c>e n[ all ! m  

imp]ative4 ,happily ! k+ 0 fully alive  
to 8 responsibility1 &1 9 addition to 8 
own p5etration1 _h ! b5efit ( good      
c\nsel 9 ! matt]4 ,madame de ,ma9t5on 0 
n[ a p[] at c\rt1 & 0 us+ h] influ5ce 9 
! be/ directions4 ,%e 0 a w>m fri5d ( ! 
,duke de ,beauvilli]s1 :o also /ood high
 9 ! good graces ( ,l\is2 = ! mon>*1 9  
spite ( 8 own s]i\s lapses f virtue1    
admir$ x 9 o!rs1 & knew its importance )
 ! "y4 ,! duke 0 accord+ly made gov]nor 
( ! royal gr&*ildr51 ,burgundy & 8 two  
y\ng] bro!rs1 ) unlimit$ p[] ( nom9at+  
all ! o!r (fic]s ab\t !m & all ! inf]ior
 att5dants4 ,he _h no hesitation z to ! 
be/ preceptor ,france c\ld produce = !  
little pr9ce1 & imm$iately nam$ ,fnelon1
 a *oice :i* 0 l\dly applaud$ by !      
public ?r\gh\t ! k+dom4 ,! p said t     
,l\is ! ,great _h once m out%one all    
e>li] mon>*s1 & %[n himself wis] ?an    
,phillip ( ,mac$on :5 he appo9t$        
,ari/otle tutor to 8 son4 ,bossuet 0    
ov]joy$ at ! good =tune ( ,*ur* & ,/ate1
 & regrett$ only t ! ,m>quis de ,fnelon 

_h n liv$ to see an elevation ( ! m]it  
:i* hid itself ) s mu* c>e4 ,x 0 a great
 surprise to ! recipi5t1 :o 0 lead+ 8   
ord9>y retir$ life1 nei!r seek+ nor     
expect+ c\rt favor4 ,x 0 a great        
gratification to 8 fri5ds1 :o p\r$ 9    
lavi% congratulations4 ,b ,m4 ,tronson1 
! wise old tutor f ,/4 ,sulpice1 wrote t
 8 joy 0 mix$ ) fe>1 consid]+ ! p]ils to
 :i* 8 favorite pupil w\ld n[ be expos$4
 ,he says3 ,x op5s ! door to e>?ly      
greatness1 b y mu/ fe> le/ x %\ld close 
t ( ! real greatness ( heav54 ,y are    
?r[n into a region :]e ! ,gospel (      
,jesus ,*ri/ is little kn[n1 & :]e ev5  
^? :o "k x use _! k *iefly z a means to 
w9 human respect4 ,if ev] ! /udy &      
m$itation ( ,holy ,scripture 7 necess>y 
to y1 n[ inde$ !y h become ov]:elm+ly   
indisp5sable4 ,above all1 x is ( inf9ite
 importance t y nev] lose sight ( ! f9al
 h\r ( dea?1 :5 all ?is _w's glory w    
fade away l a dream1 & e e>?ly /ay on   
:i* y may h lean$ mu/ fail4 ,?is c\nsel 
0 mo/ cr$itable to bo? tutor & pupil1   

%[+ a love /rong] ?an ord9>y fri5d%ip4  
,! po/ :i* seem$ s dazzl+ & s promis+   
did inde$ prove "o ( mu* dang] z well z 
glory1 b n exactly 9 ! way t ! ag$ tea*]
 anticipat$4  ,! ,duke ( ,burgundy1 n[  
sev5 ye>s old1 01 9 ! mo/ emphatic s5se1
 an enfant t]rible4 ,he 0 v diff]5t f 8 
heavy1 /upid fa!r1 inh]it+ "s ( 8       
qualities1 x is said1 f 8 "m1 ,m>y ,anne
 ( ,bav>ia1 a delicate1 melan*oly1      
unattractive pr9cess1 passionate1 pr\d1 
& cau/ic4 ,burgundy 0 a frail1 unheal?y 
creature1 ^: body lack$ symmetry z well 
z 8 m9d4 ,"o %\ld] v e>ly outgrew ! o!r1
 defy+ ! mo/ cruel ef=ts ( ! surgeons to
 set x "r1 & do+ s]i\s mis*ief to 8     
g5]al heal?4 ,8 n]v\s sy/em 0 mu*       
d]ang$1 s t he 0 subject to hurricanes (
 passion4 ,! lea/ contradiction made him
 furi\s4 ,he w\ld fall into ungov]nable 
fits ( rage ev5 aga9/ inanimate objects4
 ,he _h an insatiable appetite = all    
sorts ( pleasure4 ,8 pride & arrogance 7
 indescribable4 ,mank9d he look$ ^u z   
atoms ) :om he _h no?+ 9 common2 8      

bro!rs 7 only int]m$iate be+s betwe5 him
 & ! human race4 ,he _h a quick1        
p5etrat+ m9d1 & a m>vel\s memory4 ,he 0 
/iff aga9/ ?reats1 on 8 gu>d aga9/      
flatt]y1 am5able only to reason2 b by no
 means always to t4 ,(t5 :5 x reass]t$  
itself1 aft] "o ( 8 tornadoes1 he 0 s   
mu* a%am$ ( himself t he fell into a new
 fit ( rage4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 frank &      
tru?ful 9 ! extreme4  ,su* 0 ! pr9ce    
:o--) 8 bro!rs1 ! ,duke ( ,anj\1        
aft]w>ds ,philip ,v ( ,spa91 & ! ,duke (
 ,b]ri--0 committ$ entirely to ! c>e (  
,fnelon4 ,:5 he accept$ 8 new appo9tm5t 
he ab&on$ all o!r (fices & occupations1 
p]mitt+ himself no di/ractions ev5 (    
fri5d%ip1 t he might conc5trate all 8   
p[]s ( insight & reflection ^u 8 *>ges4 
,n[1 inde$1 8 /udies ( education w\ld be
 fully te/$1 & on ! mo/ conspicu\s      
conceivable field 8 !ories mu/ be r$uc$ 
to practice4 ,x is said t he pursu$ only
 "o sy/em1 :i* 0 to h none4 ,9 o!r      
words1 he devot$ 8 f]tile m9d to meet+ !
 necessities ( ! h\r z !y arose 9 8     

volatile1 *ameleon-l pupil1 in/ead (    
subject+ him to a ,procru/ean sy/em :i* 
c\ld only h _h ! wor/ outcome4 ,8 facile
 p5 0 employ$ )\t /9t 9 ! s]vice ( 8    
pupil4 ,_m fables1 "s 9 ,fr5*1 "s 9     
,lat91 full ( poetry & grace1 7 writt5  
to convey special lessons to ! little   
duke4 ,dialogues ( ! ,dead also 7       
compos$ = ! same purpose1 br++ 9 !      
pr9cipal p]sonages ( antiquity to       
conv]se on su* !mes z w\ld in/ruct 9    
reg>d to hi/ory & morals4 ,& all ?is 0 b
 a prep>ation = ,telemaque1 or          
,telema*us1 compos$ = ! in/ruction ( !  
heir to ! ?rone1 & end[$ ) su* unfail+  
*>m by ! beauty ( its /yle & ! admirable
 nature ( its s5t5ces1 t x has be5 read 
ev] s9ce 9 _m nations & by _m classes4  
,! same my?ology is employ$ 9 x t 0 us$ 
by ,hom] & ,virgil1 b ref9$ by ! k ( !  
,div9e revelation & adorn$ by a t9cture 
( ,*ri/ianity t runs easily ?r\gh ! :ole
 n>rative4 ,! be/ classical & moral     
maxims are plac$ be=e ! m9d ( ! read]1  
animat$ ) love & height5$ ) action4 ,!  

au?or %[s t ! glory ( a pr9ce is to     
gov]n m5 9 su* a way z to make !m good &
 happy2 t 8 au?ority is nev] s firmly   
e/abli%$ z 9 ! love ( 8 p2 t ! true     
ri*es & prosp]ity ( a ,/ate consi/s 9   
tak+ away :at m9i/]s to g5]al luxury1 & 
9 be+ cont5t ) innoc5t & simple         
pleasures4  ,b1 z may well be suppos$1 x
 0 n ! intellectual means alone--!      
text-books t 7 prep>$1 ! treatises t 7  
writt51 ! pa9s tak5 ) in/ruction--:i*   
mo/ awak5 our admiration1 b r ! good    
s5se %[n 9 ! v>i\s special exp$i5ts t 7 
employ$ z f "t to "t !y 7 f\nd adapt$ to
 ! ne$s ( ! case4 ,e ef=t 0 made to     
relieve /udy f t$ium4 ,lessons 7 ab&on$ 
:5ev] ! pr9ce wi%$ to beg9 a conv]sation
 f :i* he might d]ive useful in=mation4 
,!re 7 frequ5t int]vals = ex]cise4      
,le>n+ 0 turn$ into a pleasure4 ,! real 
/ruggle 0 ) 8 fi]y temp]am5t1 :i* _h be5
 hi!rto s badly mismanag$1 & :i* c\ld   
only be met by pati5ce & g5tl5ess )     
firmness4 ,:5 "o ( ! evil moods seiz$   
him1 x 0 an und]/ood ?+ 9 ! h\sehold t e

 "o %\ld relapse into an unwont$ sil5ce4
 ,nobody spoke to him if !y c\ld help x2
 8 att5dants wait$ ^u him ) av]t$ eyes z
 ?\gh reluctant to witness 8 degradation
 ?r\gh passion4 ,he 0 treat$ ) ! sort ( 
humiliat+ compassion :i* might be %[n to
 a madman2 8 books & appliances = /udy 7
 put aside z useless to "o 9 su* a /ate1
 & he 0 left to 8 own reflections4 ,su* 
a c\rse 0 ! de/ruction (                
self-complac5cy2 he ceas$ to f9d relief 
9 swe>+ :5 8 he>]s ceas$ to be          
disconc]t$ by 8 abuse1 &1 be+ left to   
consid] ! situation 9 solitude1 he saw  
himself = ! fir/ "t z o!rs saw him4     
,gradually ?is treatm5t w\ld br+ !      
passionate b g5]\s *ild to a bett] m9d1 
& !n1 full ( remorse & p5it5ce1 he w\ld 
come to ?r[ himself ) ! fulle/ affection
 & tru/ ^u ! nev]-fail+ pati5ce &       
goodness ( ! preceptor1 :om he almo/    
wor%ip$ to 8 dy+ day4  ,fnelon _h /udi$ 
*ildhood1 & knew h[ deeply root$ is !   
*ild's fe> ( ridicule2 9 ! pr9ce x 0    
exagg]at$ by 8 abnormal vanity1 & a     

sy/em :i* %[$ him h[ he degrad$ himself1
 & lo/ all %ad[ ( dignity :5 he lo/ 8   
self-control1 0 ! sure/ to produce a    
radical re=m4 ,!re are /ill 9 exi/5ce   
two pl$ges ( 8 *ildi% rep5tance1 te/ify+
 to ! difficulty ) :i* 8 faults 7       
conqu]$4 ,i promise1 on my ^w z a pr9ce 
to ,m4 l',abb de ,fnelon1 t ,i w d at   
once :atev] he bids me1 & w obey him    
in/antly 9 :at he =bids2 & if ,i break  
my ^w ,i w accept any k9d ( puni%m5t &  
disgrace4 ,giv5 at ,v]sailles1 ,novemb] 
#bi1 #afhi4 ,l\is4 ,?is promise1 9 spite
 ( ! ^w ( a pr9ce1 0 probably brok52 =  
_m mon?s lat] he ent]s on ano!r         
engagem5t pa!tic 9 its brevity3 ,l\is1  
:o promises afre% to keep 8 promise     
bett]4 ,?is #bj? ( ,septemb]1 ,i besee* 
,m4 de ,fnelon to take x aga94 ,he 0 at 
?is "t b eight ye>s old4 ,! *ild lov$ 8 
tea*] passionately1 & x 0 seldom t he   
did n yield spe$ily to ,fnelon's wise & 
lov+ discipl9e4  ,once1 h[ev]1 !re 0 a  
s]i\s sc5e betwe5 !m :i* appe>s to h _h 
a la/+ influ5ce ^u ! pr9ce4 ,fnelon _h  

be5 oblig$ to reprove him ) m ?an usual 
sev]ity1 & ! boy1 9 8 angry pride1 _h   
resi/$1 exclaim+1 ,no1 no1 sir2 ,i      
rememb] :o ,i am1 & :o y are4 ,x 0      
impossible to pass ov] su* a spee* &    
ma9ta9 au?ority2 b act+ ^u 8 own maxim1 
nev] to adm9i/] repro( :ile ei!r actor  
conc]n$ is excit$1 ,fnelon made no      
reply1 & = ! rema9d] ( ! day pres]v$ a  
total sil5ce t[>d 8 pupil1 :o c\ld n    
fail to p]ceive by 8 mann] t ! usually  
indulg5t ma/] 0 mu* displeas$4 ,night   
came ) no explanation4 ,b ! next morn+1 
z soon z ! pr9ce 0 awake1 ! abb came    
into 8 room1 &1 address+ him 9 a grave1 
c]emoni\s mann]1 v unlike ! usual easy  
tone ( _! int]c\rse1 said3 ,i d n "k1   
,monsieur1 :e!r y rememb] :at y said to 
me ye/]day1 t y knew :at y are & :at ,i 
am2 b x is my duty to tea* y y\r        
ignorance alike ( bo?4 ,y fancy y\rself 
a great] p]sonage ?an ,i--"s ( y\r      
s]vants may h told y s2 b s9ce y oblige 
me to d x ,i mu/ tell y )\t hesitation t
 ,i am great] ?an y4 ,y mu/ see at once 

t !re c be no "q ( bir? 9 ! matt]4 ,x is
 "o ( p]sonal m]it4 ,y c h no d\bt t ,i 
am y\r sup]ior 9 und]/&+ & k2 y "k no?+ 
b :at ,i h taught y1 & t is a m]e %ad[  
comp>$ ) :at y h yet to le>n4 ,z to     
au?ority1 y h none ov] me1 :]eas ,i1 on 
! o!r h&1 h full & entire au?ority ov]  
y1 z ! k+ has (t5 told y4 ,p]haps y     
imag9e t ,i ?9k myself =tunate 9 hold+ !
 (fice ,i fill ab\t y\rself2 b !re aga9 
y are mi/ak54 ,i und]took x only to obey
 ! k+1 & 9 no way = ! irksome privilege 
( be+ y\r preceptor4 ,& to conv9ce y (  
?is tru? ,i am n[ go+ to take y to ,8   
,maje/y & beg ( him to appo9t "s "o else
 ^: c>e ( y w1 ,i hope1 be m successful 
?an m9e4 ,?is 0 no idle ?reat2 = ,fnelon
 _h always be5 det]m9$ to resign !      
tutor%ip z soon z he felt himself to be 
fail+ 9 x2 & ! pr9ce 0 oblig$ to weigh 8
 pride aga9/ 8 love4 ,8 love prov$ !    
great]2 = life _h be5 v diff]5t ) him   
s9ce ,fnelon came into x1 & no sacrifice
 ( 8 vanity 0 too gall+ if he might     
cancel 8 (f5se & keep 8 fri5d4 ,moreov]1

 he 0 s5sitive to ! la/ degree to public
 op9ion & ! fa9te/ %ad[ ( disgrace4 ,:at
 w\ld ! _w ?9k ( a pr9ce :o 0 s         
hopelessly naughty t a man s univ]sally 
admir$ & respect$ 0 =c$ to give him up1 
& :at w\ld become ( ! poor little boy to
 :om 8 ne>e/ relatives 71 aft] all1 only
 ,8 ,maje/y & ,monseigneur1 if ! de>1   
k9d preceptor1 :o lov$ him & devot$     
himself s entirely to him1 7 to g away8 
,poor ,l\is6 ,! /orm broke out anew2 b  
?is "t x 0 ( p5it5ce & %ame & regret1   
:ile ) passionate sobs & te>s he cri$   
out3 ,o ,monsieur1 ,i am s sorry = :at  
,i did ye/]day4 ,if y tell ! k+ he w n  
c>e = me any m2 & :at w p ?9k if y leave
 me8 ,i promise1 ,o ,i promise ev] s    
mu*1 t y %all n h to compla9 ( me if    
only y w promise n to g4 ,b ,fnelon w\ld
 promise no?+--! lesson w\ld be lo/ if x
 7 n %>p--& = a :ole day he all[$ ! duke
 to und]go ! pangs ( anxiety &          
unc]ta9ty4 ,b at la/1 :5 8 rep5tance    
seem$ unlikely to be soon =gott51       
,madame de ,ma9t5on's int]cession 0     

admitt$1 & ! preceptor cons5t$ to rema94
  ,at a mu* lat] date ,fnelon1 writ+    
ab\t ^! days to a fri5d1 said ( ! pr9ce3
 ,he 0 s9c]e & +5u\s to a degree t "o   
only ne$$ to "q him 9 ord] to "k :atev] 
he _h done wrong4 ,"o day1 :5 he 0 v mu*
 out ( temp]1 he tri$ to conceal "s act 
( disob$i5ce1 & ,i urg$ him to tell !   
tru?1 rememb]+ t we 7 9 ,god's sight4   
,!n he ?rew himself into a great        
passion1 & said1 ',:y d y put x 9 t way8
 ,well1 !n1 s9ce y ask x s1 ,i c n d5y t
 ,i did t1' :atev] x 04 ,he 0 beside    
himself ) ang]1 b /ill 8 s5se ( religi\s
 duty 0 s /rong t x drew =? ! mo/       
humiliat+ ackn[l$gm5ts4 ,i nev] correct$
 him save :]e x 0 really necess>y1 & !n 
) great caution4 ,! mom5t 8 passion 0   
ov] he w\ld come back to me1 & confess  
himself to blame1 s t we _h to console  
him2 & he 0 really grateful to ^? :o    
correct$ him4 ,he us$ sometimes to say  
to me1 ',n[ ,i %all leave ! ,duke (     
,burgundy beh9d ! door1 & be only little
 ,l\is ) y4' ,?is 0 :5 he 0 n9e ye>s    

old4 ,directly he saw me do+ any "w =   
him he want$ to d ! same1 & w\ld set to 
on 8 own acc\nt4 ,except 9 8 mom5ts (   
passion ,i nev] knew him influ5c$ save  
by ! mo/ /raight=w>d pr9ciples & mo/    
/rictly 9 accordance ) ! tea*+s ( !     
,gospel4 ,he 0 k9d & graci\s to all :o  
_h a claim ^u him2 b he res]v$ 8        
confid5ce :olly = su* z he believ$ to be
 religi\s p1 & !y c\ld tell him no?+    
ab\t 8 faults :i* he did n ackn[l$ge )  
gratitude4 ,i nev] saw any "o :om ,i    
%\ld less h fe>$ to displease by tell+  
him ! h>%e/ tru?s conc]n+ himself4 ,i h 
prov$ t by "s wond]ful exp]i5ces4  ,x w 
be some:at se51 we tru/1 f all ?is1 h[  
great 0 ! c>e & skill exp5d$ by ,fnelon 
on 8 mo/ responsible & difficult task1 &
 h[ ne> an approa* he made to imp>t+ a  
model education to 8 pupil4 ,to 8       
religi\s tra9+1 ( c\rse1 z well z to t  
:i* 0 m intellectual1 ! greate/ att5tion
 0 giv54 ,x _h a l>ge place 9 ! _m      
conv]sations held & ! _m books put into 
8 h&s1 *ief among :i* 7 ! ,sacr$        

,scriptures4 ,! law ( self-d5ial &      
self-re/ra9t 0 cont9ually inculcat$1 t  
"o mu/ le>n to imitate ! ,div9e ,ma/] if
 "o w\ld fulfill ! purpose = :i* life 0 
giv54 ,! e>ly religi\s impressions ?us  
imp>t$ 7 s deeply wr\ght t !y influ5c$ 8
 :ole aft] life4 ,he 0 prep>$ ) greate/ 
c>e = 8 fir/ communion1 tak+ x e>ne/ly &
 dev\tly1 & = ! re/ ( 8 life he 0 a     
regul> & fai?ful communicant1 receiv+ ! 
sacram5t ) a recollection & humility (  
be>+ :i* /ruck all behold]s4 ,a total   
trans=mation 0 wr\ght 9 ! royal pupil "u
 ! tra9+ giv51 a trans=mation :i* amaz$ 
all :o 7 conv]sant ) x4 ,! ,duke de     
,sa9t-,simon1 speak+ ( :at a prodigy 0  
wr\ght 9 a m>vel\sly %ort space ( "t1 h[
 ! mo/ t]rible qualities 7 *ang$ into   
all ! opposite virtues1 says3 ,f ! bea/ 
:i* ,i h describ$ !re arose a pr9ce     
affable1 g5tle1 mod]ate1 pati5t1 mode/1 
humble1 au/]e b only to himself1        
att5tive to 8 duties & s5sible ( _!     
great ext5t4 ,8 only object appe>$ to be
 to p]=m all 8 actual duties z son &    

subject1 & to qualify himself = 8 future
 obligations4 ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 9 "o 
( h] lett]s1 gives ! same te/imony3 ,we 
saw all ^? defects :i* al>m$ u s mu* 9 !
 y\? ( ! ,duke ( ,burgundy gradually    
disappe>4 ,e ye> produc$ 9 him a visible
 increase ( virtue4 ,s mu* _h 8 piety   
*ang$ him t1 f be+ ! mo/ passionate (   
m51 he became mild1 g5tle1 & comply+2   
p]sons w\ld h ?\ght t mildness 0 8      
natural disposition1 & t he 0 innately  
good4 ,s great 0 ! alt]ation 9 8 "* &   
conduct t1 _h he liv$ to asc5d ! ?rone1 
! :ole _w1 z well z ,france 9 p>ticul>1 
w\ld h be5 imm5sely ! ga9]4 ,h5ce !     
limitless devotion ) :i* ,fnelon gave   
five or six ye>s ( 8 life at ! height ( 
8 p[]s entirely to ! royal *ildr5 & !   
r\t9e ( _! s*oolroom duties1 0 by no    
means a poor use ( 8 great gifts &      
atta9m5ts4 ,^! ye>s are extremely       
important1 bo? 9 8 own hi/ory & ! hi/ory
 ( 8 c\ntry4  ,"o o!r po9t des]ves      
m5tion be=e we pass f ?is int]e/+ p]iod 
( ,fnelon's life4 ,9 ent]+ on 8 (fice he

 laid d[n to himself a rule1 to :i* he  
rigidly adh]$1 nev] to ask ( ! c\rt a   
favor = himself1 8 fri5ds1 or 8 family4 
,! virtue ( ?is /&s out ! m :5 we       
consid] h[ v r>e 9 ^? days 0            
dis9t]e/$ness1 & t m5 7 none ! less     
e/eem$ because !y /rove to pr(it        
!mselves & _! families to ! utmo/ 9     
:atev] position !y fill$4 ,x is1 !n1 n a
 little rem>kable & cr$itable t ,fnelon 
actually cont9u$ 9 a /ate closely       
approa*+ de/itution2 8 means 7 extremely
 /rait5$ = m ?an five ye>s aft] ent]+ ^u
 8 honorable & responsible position at  
c\rt4 ,8 private rev5ue 0 v small1 no?+ 
at all com+ to him at ?is "t f ,c>5ac1  
:i* he describes z hopelessly ru9$4 ,no 
pecuni>y income1 "o writ] says1 0 atta*$
 to 8 (fice2 b ?is is h>dly cr$ible1 &  
!re are indications t !re 0 a sal>y1    
al?\gh1 /rangely en\gh1 n an adequate   
"o4 ,he kept a v small e/abli%m5t1 & x 0
 ) great difficulty t he f\nd means to  
meet 8 curr5t exp5ses4 ,lett]s to       
,madame de ,laval1 a daught] ( 8 uncle1 

! m>quis1 & h5ce a si/] to him1 :o 0 8  
guide & c\nselor 9 money matt]s1 %[ ?is4
 ,he wrote to h]1 ,octob]1 #afhi1       
conc]n+ ! v>i\s economies to :i* he 0   
subject$1 & ! sale ( 8 c>riage & ponies4
 ,aga91 9 ,m>*1 #afia1 he m5tions hav+  
repaid "o ?\s& francs out ( a debt (    
twelve hundr$ due ,madame de ,laval1 &  
o!r sums to o!r p4 ,i h made retr5*m5ts1
 he says1 :i* are v unusual 9 my        
position2 b ju/ice comes be=e all o!r   
consid]ations4 ,i /ill owe a consid]able
 sum to my booksell]1 & ,i mu/ buy "s   
plate to repay y = ! ?+s y h loan$ me   
:i* are worn out4 ,he speaks ( gett+ 8  
acc\nts into ord] t he may see 8 way 9 8
 small economies & calculate h[ to g on4
 ,aga91 9 ,janu>y1 #afid1 he writes     
conc]n+ a ne$y p]son :om he comm5ds to  
,madame de ,laval1 say+3 ,al?\gh my     
necessities h nev] be5 s press+ z at    
pres5t1 ,i beg y to take :at is want$ = 
?is man4 ,i am tol]ably well1 ?\gh v    
busy2 b my purse is at ! l[e/ ebb1 ?r\gh
 delays 9 ! paym5t ( my sal>y1 & !      

exce$+ de>ness ( ev]y?+ ?is ye>4 ,if ,i 
d n receive some?+ %ortly1 ,i mu/       
dismiss ne>ly all my s]vants4 ,b ,i w n 
h y try to help me4 ,i w\ld r be> on4   
,all ! same1 see t any money t c be s5t 
f ,c>5ac rea*es me aft] ! m urg5t alms h
 be5 disburs$2 = inde$ ,i w\ld r live on
 dry bread ?an let any ( ! poor ( my    
b5efice want4  ,?is c\s9 became         
,fnelon's si/] actually1 z well z 9 "n1 
by h] second m>riage ) 8 elde/ bro!r1 ! 
,compte de ,fnelon2 & probably x nev]   
co/ him m to refuse any?+ ?an :5 he     
refus$ h] reque/ t he w\ld obta9 a      
valuable milit>y po/ = h] son1 a *ild   
f\r ye>s old4 ,b1 :ile eag] to d any?+  
he deem$ "r to please h]1 he /eadily    
refus$ to make ! application %e desir$4 
,he writes3 ,i c n relax ! /rict rule to
 :i* ,i feel x "r 9 my position to      
adh]e4 ,i w\ld d any?+ on e>? = y or y\r
 son t ,i c1 b n to save my life w\ld ,i
 ask = any?+ f ! k+4 ,o!r lett]s t might
 be quot$ speak ! same language4 ,x 0 n 
till #afid t ! k+ seems to h rememb]$ or

 discov]$ h[ badly 8 gr&sons' preceptor 
0 provid$ =4 ,9 t ye>1 at la/1 he gave  
,fnelon ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,val]y1 :i*      
suffici5tly fill$ 8 purse4 ,! k+ in=m$  
him ( ?is 9 p]son1 & apologiz$ = s t>dy 
an ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 gratitude4 ,& ! ye>  
be=e1 #afic1 he 0 *os5 a memb] ( ! ,fr5*
 ,academy1 a high di/9ction2 8 reception
 spee* 0 made ,m>* #ca/ ( t ye>4 ,x 0 at
 ?is "t1 also1 t he became a consid]able
 factor 9 ! managem5t ( ! celebrat$     
community at ,/4 ,cyr1 kn[n z ! ladies (
 ,/4 ,l\is1 :o 7 pl$g$ to a dev\t & holy
 life4 ,madame de ,ma9t5on _h orig9at$ !
 idea ( ?is f\ndation1 ) ! special      
object ( educat+ & tra9+ five hundr$    
girls1 daught]s ( ! poor] nobility4 ,x  
occupi$ a l>ge %>e ( h] ?\ghts4 ,fnelon 
0 associat$ ) ,b\rdal\e1 ! ,abb ,godet  
des ,m>ais1 subsequ5tly ,bi%op (        
,*>tres1 & o!r em95t ecclesia/ics 9 its 
gov]nm5t4  ,x 0 on ,febru>y #d1 #afie1 t
 ! k+ ann\nc$ to ,abb de ,fnelon t he _h
 nom9at$ him ,ar*bi%op ( ,cambrai1 "o ( 
! ri*e/ & mo/ important sees 9 ! k+dom4 

,he 0 tak5 entirely by surprise1 b at   
once repli$1 aft] express+ 8 ?anks1 t he
 c\ld sc>cely rejoice 9 an appo9tm5t t  
w\ld remove him f ! preceptor%ip to !   
pr9ces4 ,:]eupon ,l\is graci\sly answ]$ 
t ! abb 0 mu* too useful to be sp>$1 & t
 8 int5tion 0 t he %\ld reta9 bo?       
(fices4 ,fnelon repres5t$ t ! laws ( !  
,*ur* & 8 own consci5ce made ?is        
impossible1 z bo? requir$ resid5ce 9 !  
diocese4 ,b ! k+ bore witness to 8      
appreciation ( ,fnelon's s]vices by     
ov]rul+ ?is difficulty1 & reply+1 ,no1  
no2 ! canons only require n9e mon?s'    
resid5ce2 y w sp5d ?ree mon?s ) my      
gr&sons1 & dur+ ! re/ ( ! ye> y mu/     
sup]9t5d _! education f ,cambrai j z y  
w\ld at ,v]sailles4 ,?is po9t settl$1   
,fnelon w5t on to say t if he 0 inde$ to
 accept ! ar*bi%opric he mu/ resign !   
,abbey ( ,/4 ,val]y1 an act (           
dis9t]e/$ness :i* ,l\is altoge!r refus$ 
to all[4 ,b ,fnelon quietly p]si/$1     
po9t+ out to ! k+ t ! rev5ues ( ,cambrai
 7 su* z to make x an infr+em5t (       

canonical law to hold any o!r pref]m5t )
 x4 ,su* consci5ti\s indiff]5ce to 8 own
 int]e/ excit$ a great deal ( a/oni%m5t 
& gossip at c\rt4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,rheims   
rem>k$ t x 0 all v well = ,m4 de        
,fnelon1 ?9k+ z he did1 to act ?us1 b t 
?9k+ z he did1 x 0 bett] = him to keep 8
 rev5ues4 ,! age 0 ?or\ghly accu/om$ to 
?is plurality ( b5efices4 ,9 ! previ\s  
c5tury ,john ( ,lorra9e 0 at "o & ! same
 "t ,ar*bi%op ( ,lyons1 ,rheims1 &      
,n>bonne1 ,bi%op ( ,metz1 ,t\l1 ,v]dun1 
,!roneune1 ,lucon1 ,alby1 & ,val5ce1 &  
,abbot ( ,gortz1 ,fecamp1 ,clugny1 &    
,m>monti]4 ,he 0 also made a c>d9al a   
ye> or two be=e atta9+ 8 majority4 ,?is 
0 d\btless an extreme case1 b !re 7     
pl5ty some:at simil>4 ,s t ,fnelon's    
self-d5y+ c\rse meant a good deal m ?an 
x w\ld at ! pres5t day4  ,he 0          
consecrat$ ar*bi%op ,june #aj1 #afie1 9 
! *apel ( ,/4 ,cyr1 9 ! pres5ce ( a     
di/+ui%$ ?rong1 among :om 7 ,madame de  
,ma9t5on & 8 ?ree royal pupils4 ,bossuet
 0 *ief consecrator1 ! ,bi%op ( ,*alons 

be+ fir/ assi/ant1 & ! ,bi%op ( ,ami5s  
second4 ,fnelon's fri5ds 7 delight$ at  
?is great advancem5t = him2 yet x 0 felt
 by _m ( !m t he %\ld h _h !            
,ar*bi%opric ( ,p>is1 = already ! popul>
 voice _h widely & l\dly nom9at$ him4   
,"s ?\ght t he 0 s5t to ,cambrai by ! k+
 = ! express purpose ( =e/all+ ?is      
clamor1 & avoid+ any necessity = putt+  
him 9 ! m conspicu\s & influ5tial place2
 = x 0 kn[n t ! po/ at ,p>is w\ld soon  
be vacant1 &1 if1 at its vacancy1       
,fnelon _h be5 /ill unplac$1 ! pressure 
= 8 appo9tm5t !re w\ld h be5 v /rong4 ,z
 x 01 ,m4 de ,h>lai di$ ,augu/ #f1      
#afie1 less ?an two mon?s aft] ,fnelon's
 consecration4 ,m4 de ,noailles1 ,bi%op 
( ,*alons1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,madame de
 ,ma9t5on1 0 giv5 ! position4  ,we h    
rea*$ n[ :at 01 9 a worldly po9t ( view1
 ! v summit ( ,fnelon's prosp]ity &     
glory4 ,x might seem t1 humanly speak+1 
he _h v little1 if any?+1 left to wi% =1
 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ! c>d9alate might     
fairly h be5 expect$ 9 a few ye>s4 ,b ! 

cl\ds 7 already beg9n+ to ga!r :i* 7    
soon to break ov] 8 head 9 a /orm nev]  
to cle> away1 s f> z c\rt favor & ! good
 ?+s ( ?is _w 7 conc]n$4 ,s a new *apt] 
mu/ be devot$ to ^! new exp]i5ces :i* _h
 s v mu* to d bo? ) 8 temporal &        
spiritual affairs4                      
,,*apt] ,,iv4                           
,,my/icism ,,& ,,quietism4#d   ,9 ord] t
 we may prop]ly appreh5d ! next p]iod 9 
,fnelon's life x is absolutely ess5tial 
= u to take a survey ( ! g5]al subject (
 ,my/icism1 = ) t he became n[ v        
intimately conc]n$4 ,&1 happily1 x is a 
subject ( p]5nial importance1 hav+ no   
less close connection ) ! pres5t day ?an
 ) ! c5turies pa/4 ,inde$ ! pres5t age  
has 9 "s respects v special ne$ ( j ?is 
elem5t4 ,x is a comm]cial1 mat]iali/ic1 
money-grabb+ age1 devot$ to ! outw>d & !
 practical2 x is a "t :5 ! triumphs (   
ma*9]y & inv5tion & indu/rial progress  
are s\nd$ z nev] be=e--an extremely     
busy1 bu/l+ "t ( imm5se ext]nal         
activity1 :5 man ha/5s to get ri* &     

ru%es ?r\gh life at railroad spe$1      
sc>cely f9d+ leisure s mu* z to eat1 mu*
 less = ! quiet contemplation ( ! ?+s ( 
! _s4 ,& x is ! contemplative1 int]ior1 
_s-fill$ life ) :i* ,my/icism has       
pre-em95tly to d4  ,! t]m1 x is true1   
has come to be widely reg>d$ )          
suspicion1 & us$1 m or less vaguely1 z a
 ^w ( reproa*4 ,) _m1 p]haps ) mo/1 x   
c>ries an unpleasant1 (f5sive sugge/ion4
 ,its associations 9 _! m9ds are ) t :i*
 is mi/y or recondite1 vision>y &       
un9telligible2 also ) t :i* is          
fanatical1 extravagant1 unreasonable1 & 
some:at dang]\s4 ,t !re is "s gr\nd =   
?is impression c n be d5i$1 because "u !
 g5]al "n ( ,my/icism mu* has be5       
includ$1 9 ! long sweep ( ! c5turies1   
:i* c n be admir$ or def5d$2 mu* :i*    
does n comm5d itself to t level-head$   
common s5se accord+ to ^: dictates we l 
to ?9k t our religion c be & %\ld be    
squ>$4 ,b we are p]suad$ t ?is extreme  
objectionable developm5t1 or            
manife/ation1 ( ! ,my/ic _s has be5 mu* 

less frequ5t ?an is commonly suppos$1 & 
has no suffici5t claim to be id5tifi$ ) 
x 9 ! public m9d any:]e ne> z l>gely z x
 usually is4 ,!re is a true ,my/icism1 &
 a false ,my/icism4 ,!re are ,my/ics e  
way wor?y ( highe/ honor1 & !re are ^? n
 at all po9ts des]v+ imitation4 ,x      
surely is a mi/ake to lay ! *ief /ress  
on ! latt]1 z is s frequ5tly done1 & ?us
 to /amp a /igma ^u all4 ,*ri/ian       
,my/icism is some?+ ( :i* no "o c af=d  
to be ignorant4 ,! ,*ur* :i* neglects x 
or despises x1 :e!r ?r\gh misappreh5sion
 or "s less honorable cause1 is c]ta9 to
 be a l>ge los]4  ,:at is ,my/icism8 ,z 
has be5 po9t$ out by sev]al1 x is some?+
 :i* f its v nature is h>dly susceptible
 ( exact def9ition1 does n readily l5d  
itself to ! mo/ precise =ms ( language4 
,x is a phase ( ?\ght or feel+ :i*      
cont9ually appe>s 9 connection ) !      
endeavor ( ! human m9d to grasp ! ,div9e
 ess5ce1 & to enjoy ! bless$ness (      
actual communion ) ! ,highe/4 ,x spr+s  
inevitably f int5se desire = intimate   

fell[%ip ) ,god1 f ! hotte/ possible    
pursuit ( ! highe/ ideals4 ,x is a sort 
( "n = ! realization ( ,god z transfus$ 
?r\gh\t ! univ]se1 z be+ imman5t 9      
mat]ial ?+s & 9 mank9d alike4 ,! ,c5tury
 ,diction>y def9es ,my/icism z any mode 
( ?\ght or phase ( intellectual or      
religi\s life 9 :i* reliance is plac$ ^u
 a spiritual illum9ation believ$ to     
transc5d ! ord9>y p[]s ( und]/&+4 ,!    
,/&>d ,diction>y says t ,my/icism is !  
doctr9e & belief t man may atta9 to an  
imm$iate direct consci\sness or k ( ,god
 z ! real & absolute pr9ciple ( all     
tru?4 ,! t]m is appli$ to a sy/em (     
?\ght & life ( :i* ! *ief feature is an 
extreme developm5t ( m$itative &        
intuitive me?ods z di/+ui%$ f !         
def9itive & s*ola/ic4 ,simil>ly ,dr4 ,j4
 ,p4 ,lange1 9 ! ,s*aff-,h]zog          
,cyclop$ia1 says3 ,my/icism has be5     
def9$ z belief 9 an imm$iate & cont9u\s 
communication betwe5 ,god & ! s\l :i*   
may be e/abli%$ by c]ta9 peculi>        
religi\s ex]cises4444 ,!re is a my/ic   

elem5t 9 all true religion4 ,c\s9 says3 
,my/icism is ! belief t ,god may be kn[n
 face to face )\t any?+ int]m$iate4 ,x  
is a yield+ to ! s5tim5t awak5$ by !    
,inf9ite1 & a summ+ up ( all k & all    
duty 9 ! contemplation & love ( ,him4   
,nitzs*1 9 8 ,sy/em ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1
 decl>es t ! religi\s man1 ! man ( fai?1
 is1 z su*1 a ,my/ic2 = he 9 ^:         
consci\sness ,god does n appe>1 c]ta9ly 
does n feel ,god1 nor c he "k or honor  
,him2 b he :o only ?9ks ,him1 )\t lov+  
,him & becom+ pure 9 he>t1 c n "k ,him  
vitally2 mu* less c he behold ,him      
spiritually :o desires to see ,him ) !  
outw>d s5se4 ,! inn] life ( religion is 
ev] ,my/icism4  ,?is is :y 9 all ages ( 
! ,*ur*1 :5 ! outw>d has come to usurp &
 absorb att5tion1 :5 =malism &          
c]emonialism h dom9at$ ! m9d1 :5        
s*ola/icism has ga9$ asc5d5cy1 &        
especially :5 a corrupt loos5ess (      
morals has set 9 to degrade ! v ideals (
 humanity1 !re h be5 ^? :o h aris5 to   
make a /& = a pur]1 m f]v5t1 m spiritual

 type ( piety4 ,!y h met1 ( c\rse1 )    
bitt] opposition2 !y h tr\bl$ ^? :o did 
n wi% to be di/urb$ 9 _! c>nal          
indulg5ces or worldly con=mities1 & !y h
 _h v>i\s uncomplim5t>y epi!ts ?r[n at  
!m3 su* z1 ,pieti/s1 ,quieti/s1 ,my/ics1
 ,puritans1 ,quak]s1 & ,me?odi/s4 ,!y h 
be5 misrepres5t$ 9 manifold ways4 ,!y h 
be5 p]secut$ ev5 unto ! dea?4 ,b !y h   
be5 ! salt ( ! e>?1 & ! succession has  
be5 kept up "u "o "n or ano!r f ! e>lie/
 days to ! pres5t4 ,!y h n always be5   
end[$ ) philosophic m9ds or skill$ 9 !  
le>n+ ( ! s*ools4 ,!y h be5 ke5ly       
consci\s ( ! difficulty1 !              
impossibility1 ( completely express+1 9 
imp]fect human words1 ! deep ?+s ( ,god 
reveal$ to !m on ! m\nts ( vision ) :i* 
!y h be5 favor$4 ,!y h /ruggl$ h>d ) !  
inadequacy ( ! only language at _!      
comm&1 & h be5 driv5 to a lib]al use (  
figures ( spee*1 "s ( !m que/ionable 9  
po9t ( propriety4 ,!y h _h a cramp$     
vocabul>y1 h made mi/akes1 h n f\nd     
!mselves able to translate into         

intelligible t]ms all t 0 9 _! m9ds4 ,to
 m9t ! secrets ( ! int]ior life into !  
curr5t co9 ( language suit$ to !        
compreh5sion ( common s\ls requires a   
skill giv5 to b few4 ,& m especially h  
_! expressions be5 f\nd un9telligible1  
or worse1 by adv]s>ies n qualifi$ by any
 exp]i5ce to compreh5d :at x 0 all ab\t4
 ,=1 z ,/4 ,paul says 7,i ,cor4 ii73 ,! 
natural man receive? n ! ?+s ( ! ,_s (  
,god2 = !y are fooli%ness unto him1 & he
 c n "k !m1 because !y are spiritually  
judg$4 ,we speak wisdom among ! p]fect1 
,god's wisdom 9 a my/]y1 ev5 a wisdom   
:i* ha? be5 hidd51 :i* none ( ! rul]s ( 
?is _w kn[e?4 ,:i* ?+s also we speak1 n 
9 words :i* man's wisdom tea*e?1 b :i* !
 ,_s tea*e?1 int]pret+ spiritual ?+s to 
spiritual m54 ,! adv]s>ies 7 also eag] 9
 _m cases to remove out ( ! way ^? :o1  
by _! purity ( life & _! opposition to  
prie/ly claims & ga9s1 7 e/eem$ dang]\s 
to ! peace ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we are confid5t t
 9 ! ma9 ?is is a fair int]pretation ( !
 c\rse :i* ev5ts h tak54 ,n b :at "s ( !

 ,my/ics h really laid !mselves op5 to !
 compla9ts ( _! enemies4 ,!y h be5      
ungu>d$ 9 _! language1 h be5 s c>ri$    
away ) ec/asy1 z "s new preci\s tru? has
 bur/ ^u !m1 t !y h /at$ x too /rongly2 
h n suppli$ ! limitations &             
modifications & exceptions :i* w\ld h   
be5 well1 :i* 7 necess>y = a complete   
r\nd+ out ( ! /atem5t2 h tak5 = grant$ t
 ! o!r side _h be5 suffici5tly emphasiz$
 be=e1 & t _! special mission to        
emphasize ! neglect$ po9t w\ld be       
recogniz$2 h5ce !y h said ?+s :i*1 by   
/rict con/ruction & tak5 9 bald         
lit]alness1 7 n precisely true4 ,all ?is
 c be grant$ )\t ca/+ any s]i\s         
reflection ei!r on _! "* or _! doctr9es4
 ,_! books mu/ be read ) caution &      
discrim9ation4 ,to p]sons n well balanc$
 !y might sometimes be a s\rce ( p]il4  
,b ?is admission is 9 no way            
incompatible ) ! ass]tion t !y h conf]r$
 a v great b5efit ^u mank9d1 t _!       
doctr9es1 on ! :ole1 are s\nd1 & t ?is  
g5]ation c\ld ill af=d to ov]look ! good

 to be obta9$ by c>eful /udies 9 ?is    
direction4  ,! fir/ ,my/ics 7 really ,/4
 ,john & ,/4 ,paul2 & _! words h full   
ju/ification 9 :at !y d]iv$ f _! ,div9e 
,ma/]4 ,:o m positively ?an ! great     
,apo/le to ! ,g5tiles1 accord+ to !     
wisdom giv5 unto him1 prea*$ a gospel t 
0 fooli%ness to "s1 b :i* he cont9ually 
call$ ! wisdom & ! my/]y ( ,god2 a      
gospel :i* proclaims ! ,div9e indwell+1 
we 9 ,him & ,he 9 u1 our bodies !       
temples ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 believ]s be+ 9 
,*ri/ & memb]s "o ( ano!r8 ,he 0 a man  
caught up into ,p>adise1 & he>+         
unspeakable words :i* x 0 n lawful or   
possible = a man to utt]4 ,i die daily1 
he said1 ,i h be5 crucifi$ ) ,*ri/1 & x 
is no long] ,i t live1 b ,*ri/ live? 9  
me2 ,to me to live is ,*ri/2 ,i h le>n$ 
! secret1 ,i c d all ?+s 9 ,him2 ,i fill
 up on my "p t :i* is lack+ ( !         
afflictions ( ,*ri/2 ,ye di$1 & y\r life
 is hid ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god2 ,9 ,him we live1
 & move1 & h our be+2 ,! ,_s ,himself   
be>e? witness ) our _s1--& _m o!r su* l 

?+s !re be1 left on record f 8 p5 to %[ 
cle>ly t he 0 a true ,my/ic4 ,/ill m1   
p]haps1 d ! ,my/ics look to ,/4 ,john = 
complete au?orization ( _! position4 ,8 
,gospel is ! spiritual ,gospel1 ! *>t] (
 ,*ri/ian ,my/icism4 ,x is he :o tells  
u1 ,god is love1 ,god is light1 ,god is 
,_s4 ,! ,div9e union :i* he sets be=e u 
is ( ! close/ k9d4 ,our fell[%ip is ) ! 
,fa!r1 & ) ,8 ,son ,jesus ,*ri/2 ,ye h  
an ano9t+ f ! ,holy ,"o1 & ye "k all    
?+s2 ,! ano9t+ :i* ye receiv$ ( ,him    
abide? 9 y1 & ye ne$ n t any tea* y2    
,h]eby we "k t ,he abide? 9 u1 by ! ,_s 
:i* ,he ha? giv5 u2 ,he t believe? on ! 
,son ( ,god ha? ! witness2 ,he t dwelle?
 9 love dwelle? 9 ,god1 & ,god 9 him1   
etc4 ,x is impossible to quote a ti! ( !
 words 9 ,john's ,epi/les & ,gospel :i* 
embody ! fundam5tal ideas ( ,my/icism4  
,especially d we f9d 9 ! m>vel\s words (
 ,jesus report$ by ,john alone1 z by !  
"o peculi>ly fitt$ to =mulate !m1 9 !   
?irte5? to ! sev5te5? *apt]s ( 8        
,gospel1 ! se$s & roots ( all :i* h be5 

drawn =? by subsequ5t writ]s on ^!      
pr(\nd !mes4  ,plato has be5 call$ !    
,fa!r ( ,european ,my/icism4 ,dr4 ,+e   
says3 ,bo? ! great types ( ,my/ics may  
appeal to him1--^? :o try to rise ?r\gh 
! visible to ! invisible1 ?r\gh nature  
to ,god2 & ^? :o look ^u ?is e>? z a    
place ( bani%m5t1 ^u mat]ial ?+s z a    
veil :i* hides ,god's face f u1 & :o bid
 u seek yond] 9 ! realm ( ideas ! he>t's
 true home4 ,plato tea*es t ! highe/    
good is ! greate/ lik5ess to ,god2 t !  
greate/ happ9ess is ! vision ( ,god2 t  
we %\ld seek hol9ess1 n = ! sake (      
rew>d1 b because x is ! heal? ( ! s\l1  
:ile vice is its disease2 t goodness is 
unity & h>mony1 :ile evil dis9tegrates2 
t x is our duty to rise above ! visible 
& transitory to ! invisible & p]man5t4  
,! ,*ur* has nev] lack$ dur+ its hi/ory 
= ^? :o h foll[$ ?is l9e ( ?\ght &      
cultivat$ ?is k9d ( exp]i5ce4 ,clem5t ( 
,alex&ria has be5 call$ ! ,f\nd] (      
,*ri/ian ,my/icism1 a ,neoplatoni/ among
 ! ,fa!rs2 foll[$ by ,dionysius !       

,areopagite1 & a l5g?y l9e ( successors1
 l>ge among :om looms ! noble ,b]n>d (  
,clairvaux1 ! glory ( ! twelf? c5tury4  
,)\t trac+ out ! /ory 9 detail x w be   
en\gh = our purpose to ref] briefly to  
^? :o1 9 ! few c5turies be=e ,fnelon1   
/ood =? mo/ prom95tly z lead]s 9 ?is    
realm ( tru?1 & s prep>$ ! way = him4   
,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury we f9d a mo/        
rem>kable b& ( dev\t believ]s :o call$  
!mselves ,fri5ds ( ,god1 to signify t !y
 _h rea*$ t /age ( ,*ri/ian life :5     
,*ri/1 accord+ to ,8 promise1 w\ld call 
!m no long] s]vants b fri5ds4 ,!y 7     
compos$ ( p]sons f all classes (        
society1 & f all ! religi\s ord]s4 ,mo/ 
prom95t among ^! 7 ,ma/] ,eckh>t--/yl$  
,doctor ,ec/aticus--vic>-g5]al ( !      
,dom9ican ord]1 a man ( uncommon purity 
( life & great excell5ce ( "*1 "o ( !   
pr(\nd ?9k]s ( ! ,middle ,ages2 ,h5ry   
,suso1 :o has be5 call$ ! ,m9nes+] (    
,div9e ,love1 & :o 0 wont to say1 ,a man
 ( true self-ab&onm5t mu/ be unbuilt f !
 creature1 9built ) ,*ri/1 & ov]built   

into ! ,godhead 7he 0 prior ( !         
,dom9ican conv5t at ,ulm1 :]e he di$ 9  
#acfe72 ,ni*olas ( ,basle2 & ,john      
,taul]4 ,ni*olas 0 a layman :o wield$ a 
p[]ful p5 & 0 also a great prea*]2      
?or\ghly devot$ to religion f 8 e>lie/  
days4 ,he travel$ mu* ?r\gh ,g]many1    
propagat+ 8 op9ions 9 a quiet1          
uno/5tati\s mann]1 & gradually !re grew 
up ar\nd him a society ( ,*ri/ians      
compos$ ( m5 & wom5 likem9d$ ) himself1 
:o lov$ to honor him z _! spiritual     
fa!r4 ,x seems to h be5 l>gely 8 p]sonal
 influ5ce :i* held !m toge!r1 = !y fell 
to pieces aft] he 0 burn$ at ! /ake =   
h]esy1 ne> ,poiti]s1 ab\t #achb4  ,john 
,taul]--,doctor ,illum9atus--born at    
,/rasburg1 #abij1 & dy+ !re 9 #acfa1 0  
/ill m di/+ui%$1 al?\gh indebt$ to      
,ni*olas = be+ l$ out into ! light4 ,?is
 took place :5 he 0 ov] fifty ye>s (    
age4 ,ni*olas1 com+ to ,/rasburg to he> 
! fam\s prea*]1 spe$ily detect$ 8       
defici5cy 9 spiritual exp]i5ce1 & ! lack
 ( true p[] att5d+ ! ,^w on ?is acc\nt4 

,) r>e humility1 ,taul]1 a le>n$        
!ologian1 receiv$ ?is rebuke f !        
un$ucat$ layman1 & s pr(it$ by x t he 0 
able1 ?\gh n )\t long /ruggle1 to ent]  
into complete fre$om4 ,!n he prea*$ 9 a 
v diff]5t mann]1 & ! fir/ "t he op5$ 8  
m\? 9 public f\rte5 p]sons fell z if    
dead "u ! ,^w1 & ne>ly ?irty o!rs 7 s   
deeply mov$ t !y rema9$ sitt+ 9 !       
*ur*y>d long aft] ! congregation 0      
dismiss$1 unwill+ to move away4 ,=      
eighte5 ye>s aft] ?is second conv]sion  
he made great progress 9 ! div9e life1  
ris+ to a place ( highe/ e/eem ) 8      
bre?r51 & be+ rightly reckon$ among !   
*ief ( ,god's *ildr5 on e>?4  ,prop]ly  
to be c\nt$ among ^! ,fri5ds ( ,god c be
 set d[n ! unkn[n au?or ( ,deuts*e      
,!ologie1 or ,!ologia ,g]manica1 :i*    
conta9$ s mu* tru? t x _h ! di/+ui%$    
honor ( be+ put ^u ! ,romi% ,index (    
prohibit$ works4 ,lu!r ascrib$ x to     
,taul]4 ,x is 9 8 /yle1 & conta9s 8     
s5tim5ts2 b x is n[ consid]$ m probable 
t x orig9at$ a little lat] ?an 8 "t1 & 0

 writt5 by "s o!r memb] ( ! b&4 ,x 0 _! 
usual practice to conceal _! names z mu*
 z possible :5 !y wrote1 le/ a desire = 
fame %\ld m+le 9 _! endeavors to be     
useful4 ,lu!r plac$ x next to ! ,bible &
 ,/4 ,augu/9e z a s\rce ( k conc]n+ ,god
 & ,*ri/ & man4 ,b>on ,buns5 ranks x    
/ill high]4 ,& _m o!rs h express$ _!    
supreme indebt$ness to x = help 9       
respect to ! p]fect life4 ,x has cont9u$
 up to ! pres5t day to be ! favorite    
h&book ( devotion 9 ,g]many4  ,conc]n+ !
 views & doctr9es ( ^! ,fri5ds ( ,god1  
al?\gh "s ( _! expressions & op9ions may
 be object$ to1 consid]+ ! corrupt age 9
 :i* !y liv$ !y mu/ be pron\nc$ wor?y ( 
high praise4 ,!y insi/$1 fir/ ( all1 on 
! utt]mo/ self-r5unciation1 yet !y      
avoid$ ! sy/em ( p5ances & au/]ities    
common 9 ! mona/]ies4 ,nei!r idle       
contemplation nor passive asceticism    
f\nd favor ) !m2 !y 7 evangelical &     
practical1 full ( good works & !        
imitation ( ,*ri/ bo? 9 pati5t suff]+ & 
active usefulness4 ,!y 7 animat$ by an  

exalt$ re=matory _s :i* ?rew !m out (   
t\* ) ! ecclesia/ics ar\nd !m4 ,?\gh !y 
did n 9 all cases fall "u ! ban ( !     
,*ur*1 !y may /ill be reg>d$ z =]unn]s (
 ! ,re=mation4 ,_! ,my/icism 0 a p[]ful 
prote/ aga9/ ! t]rible corruptions ( !  
,romi% ,*ur* & ! cold1 b>r5 speculations
 ( s*ola/icism4 ,!y crav$ & secur$      
direct communion ) ,god1 unre/rict$ by  
human int]position2 an imm$iate vision (
 ! ,almighty1 undimm$ by any sep>at+    
veil & un*ang$ by any di/ort+ m$ium4 ,! 
highe/ =m ( ! ,div9e life 9 a man seem$ 
to !m to be p]fect resignation to ! w ( 
,god1 & !y c\nt$ pray] to be ! be/ means
 ( br++ ab\t ?is /ate ( resignation4 ,to
 pray = a *ange 9 "o's circum/ances1 !y 
said1 is to pray t :at ,god s5ds may be 
made subject to u1 n t we %\ld submit   
ourselves to x2 & s t5ds to produce     
self-ass]tion1 n self-r5unciation4      
,ni*olas taught t :5 self-r5unciation is
 complete1 ! s\l ( man1 hav+ become     
entirely resign$ to ! ,div9e w1 becomes 
s entirely assimilat$ to ! ,div9e nature

 t x has cont9ually a ne> fell[%ip )    
,god2 he is always 9 famili> int]c\rse )
 ! ,_s ( ,god1 :o communicates to him   
all ,div9e k4 ,all ?+s to ! belov$ are (
 ,god2 all1 !re=e1 are indiff]5t4 ,t    
religion :i* sprang f fe> ( puni%m5t or 
hope ( rew>d !y c\nt$ ( little wor?1 &  
consid]$ love to be by f> ! highe/ /ate1
 ! only "o truly wor?y ( ! ,*ri/ian4#e  
,_! union ) ,deity 0 n t ( pan!ism b (  
passionate love1 & great prom95ce 0 giv5
 to ! w z ! ma9spr+ on :i* all          
developm5ts ( ! high] life dep5d4  ,!   
foll[+ quotations f ,!ologia ,g]manica w
 convey 9 a few words :at may be call$ !
 root ideas ( ! book & ( ! m5 ^: _s x s 
well embodies3  ,a true lov] ( ,god     
love? ,him alike 9 hav+ & 9 n hav+1 9   
sweetness & 9 bitt]ness1 9 good or evil 
report2 = he seeke? only ! honor ( ,god1
 & n 8 own1 ei!r 9 spiritual or natural 
?+s4 ,!re=e he /&e? alike un%ak5 9 all  
?+s4  ,all disob$i5ce is contr>y to     
,god1 & no?+ else4 ,9 tru?1 no ?+ is    
contr>y to ,god2 no creature1 nor       

creature's "w1 nor any?+ t we c "n or   
?9k (1 is contr>y to ,god or displeas+  
to ,him1 b only disob$i5ce & ! disob$i5t
 man4 ,9 %ort1 all t is1 is well-pleas+ 
& good 9 ,god's eyes1 sav+ only !       
disob$i5t man4  ,! man :o is truly      
godlike compla9e? ( no?+ b ( s9 only4 ,&
 s9 is simply to desire or w any?+      
o!rwise ?an ! "o p]fect good & ! "o     
et]nal w1 or to wi% to h a w ( "o's own4
  ,s9 is to w1 desire1 or love o!rwise  
?an ,god do?4 ,?+s d n ?us w1 desire1 or
 love3 !re=e ?+s are n evil2 all ?+s are
 good4  ,he :o is truly a virtu\s man   
w\ld n cease to be s to ga9 ! :ole _w2  
yea1 he w\ld r die a mis]able dea?4 ,to 
him virtue is its own rew>d1 & he is    
cont5t !re)1 & w\ld take no treasure or 
ri*es 9 ex*ange = x4  ,union ) ,god is  
br\ght to pass 9 ?ree ways2 to wit1 by  
pur5ess & s+l5ess ( he>t1 by love1 & by 
! contemplation ( ,god4  ,a /ill great] 
"n among ! ,my/ic writ]s1 com+ a bit    
lat] ?an ^? already m5tion$1 is t (     
,?omas  ,kempis1 born ne> ,cologne1 9   

?is same ,we/ ,g]many :]e ! ,fri5ds (   
,god fl\ri%$1 9 #achf1 & dy+ ab\t #adgj4
 ,8 ,imitation ( ,*ri/ /&s easily at !  
head ( its class1 fir/ 9 popul>ity &    
usefulness among manuals = devotion4 ,! 
epic poem ( ! inn] life1 x has l5t !    
fragrance ( its sanctity to e language (
 ! civiliz$ _w1 & has be5 a prime       
favorite = ne>ly five hundr$ ye>s ) all 
^? :o h made l>ge/ advancem5t 9 holy    
?+s4 ,only a few extracts ne$ be giv5 to
 %[ h[ closely x is 9 l9e ) :at has     
already be5 said1 & :at rema9s to be    
said1 conc]n+ ! topic ( our *apt]3  ,:5 
a man is s f> advanc$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian life 
z n to seek consolation f any creat$ ?+1
 !n does he fir/ beg9 p]fectly to enjoy 
,god2 8 he>t is :olly fix$ & e/abli%$ 9 
,god :o is 8 ,all 9 ,all4  ,!re is no   
o!r occasion ( p]plexity & disquiet b an
 unsubdu$ w & unmortifi$ affections4    
,self-d5ial is ! te/ ( spiritual        
p]fection1 & he t truly d5ies himself is
 arriv$ at a /ate ( great fre$om &      
safety4 ,x is no small advantage to     

suppress desire1 ev5 9 inconsid]able    
gratifications4 ,re/less & inord9ate    
desires are ! gr\nd ( e temptation4     
,ab&on all1 & ?\ %alt possess all2      
rel9qui% desire1 & ?\ %alt f9d re/4  ,no
 evil is p]mitt$ to befall !e b :at may 
be made productive ( a mu* great] good4 
,receive all ) ?ankfulness1 z f ! h& (  
,god1 & e/eem x great ga94  ,= all t    
befalle? me ,i w ?ank ! ,love t prompts 
! gift1 & rev]5ce ! ,h& t conf]s x4  ,o 
,"l ,god1 holy ,fa!r1 be ,?\ bless$ n[ &
 =ev]6 ,= :atev] ,?\ wille/ is done1 &  
all t ,?\ wille/ is good4  ,! righte\s  
%\ld nev] be mov$ by :atev] befalls him1
 kn[+ t x comes f ! h&s ( ,god1 & is to 
promote ! important bus9ess ( our       
r$emption4 ,)\t ,god1 no?+ is done ^u ! 
face ( ! e>?4  ,p]fection consi/s 9 (f]+
 up ?yself1 ) ?y :ole he>t1 to ! w (    
,god2 nev] seek+ ?9e own w ei!r 9 small 
or great respects2 b ) an equal m9d     
weigh+ all ev5ts 9 ! balance ( !        
sanctu>y1 & receiv+ bo? prosp]ity &     
adv]sity ) equal ?anksgiv+4  ,all is    

vanity b ! love ( ,god & a life devot$  
to ,8 w4  ,pass+ ov] ,/4 ,!resa & ,/4   
,john ( ! ,cross#f--p>ticul>s ab\t :om  
may be f\nd 9 ,vaughan--& d5y+          
ourselves1 ?r\gh limitations ( space1   
all quotations f ,rodriguez &           
,scupoli1#g :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! sixte5?      
c5tury1 & wrote div9ely ab\t ,div9e ?+s1
 leav+ ! _w h]oic examples (            
hol9ess1--we come to ,/4 ,francis (     
,sales & ,mol9os1 bo? ( :om _h close    
connection ) ,fnelon1 al?\gh 9 diff]5t  
ways4 ,francis--born 9 #aefg & dep>t+ to
 glory 9 #afbb1 :o has be5 call$ !      
noble/1 t5d]e/ & mo/ devot$ ,my/ic ( !  
,ca?olic ,*ur* aft] ! ,re=mation--m ?an 
any o!r1 0 ,fnelon's tea*] 9 matt]s     
p]ta9+ to ! inn] life1 ev5 z ,scupoli _h
 be5 ! tea*] ( ,francis4 ,fnelon nev]   
we>ies ( recomm5d+ to ! correspond5ts   
:om he is in/ruct+ 9 spiritual ?+s !    
p]usal ( ! works ( ?is delightful &     
inspir+ writ]4 ,he says to "o3 ,y c read
 no?+ bett] ?an ,/4 ,francis ( ,sales4  
,ev]y?+ he writes is full ( com=t &     

love2 al?\gh 8 :ole tone is t (         
self-mortification1 x is all deep       
exp]i5ce1 simple precautions1 high      
feel+1 & ! light ( grace4 ,y w h made a 
great /ep :5 y are famili> ) su* m5tal  
food4 ,^u ano!r he urges a half h\r sp5t
 9 m$itative read+ ( ! ,gospels 9 !     
morn+1 & an ev5+ portion ( ,/4 ,francis 
de ,sales4 ,to ! ,elector ( ,cologne1 :5
 ab\t to receive episcopal consecration1
 he says1 ,read ! ,life & ,works ( ,/4  
,francis de ,sales4 ,we d n wond] at ^! 
c\nsels4 ,! two m51 ! two ,francises1 7 
entirely cong5ial1 m>vel\sly alike 9    
he>t & head1 ) simil> vivacity1         
urbanity1 & grace ( mann]1 poli% ( /yle1
 pr(undity ( insight into ! s\l1 &      
practical k ( ! _w4 ,bo? _h high rank 9 
,/ate & ,*ur*1 /rong intellects1 int5se 
devotion to ,god1 & ability to express  
tru? 9 a simple1 lucid1 attractive way4 
,!y 7 alike 9 t ! pr(\nd piety !y taught
 0 n1 z 9 ! previ\s age1 res]v$ = !     
cloi/]1 b 0 q compatible ) m+l+ 9 ! _w1 
requir+ no great *ange ( habits1 b an   

entire *ange ( motive4 ,ev5 ! life at   
c\rt might be cont9u$ & grac$ ) *e]ful  
ob$i5ce to ! :ole w ( ,god2 all !       
actions ( ! day c\ld be sanctifi$ by a  
p]petual pray] (f]$ up 9 _! mid/ & by a 
s9c]e int5tion to please ,god2 ! humble 
e-day virtues 7 extoll$1 & no au/]ities 
recomm5d$4 ,?us religion 0 made         
comm5surate ) ! :ole ( life1 & ! sa9t   
c\ld jo9 9 all t o!rs did1 except s94   
,no diff]5ce c be f\nd 9 _! doctr9es1 or
 ev5 _! =ms ( expression1 & x seems l an
 irony ( fate t ! ,bi%op ( ,g5eva %\ld  
be canoniz$ 9 #affe by ! same ,*ur* :i* 
condemn$1 9 #afii1 ! ,ar*bi%op (        
,cambrai4 ,! fictiti\s & factiti\s      
reasons t l$ to ! latt] w be detail$ a  
little lat]4  ,"p ( ! reason is connect$
 ) ! hi/ory & fate ( ,miguel de ,mol9os1
 commonly e/eem$ to be ! f\nd] ( !      
,quieti/s4 ,he 0 a ,spani% !ologian1    
born ( noble p>5tage ne> ,s>agossa1     
,decemb] #ba1 #afbg4 ,he acquir$ a great
 reputation at ,rome & else:]e = purity 
( life & vigor ( intellect1 b /eadily   

refus$ all ecclesia/ical pref]m5t4 ,9   
#afge he publi%$ 8 ,spiritual ,guide1   
:i* 9 a few ye>s pass$ ?r\gh tw5ty      
editions 9 diff]5t languages1 & 0 w>mly 
hail$ by p ( m>k$ piety 9 _m l&s4 ,b x 0
 soon bitt]ly attack$1 especially by !  
,jesuits1 :o quickly p]ceiv$ t ,mol9os' 
sy/em tacitly accus$ ! ,romi% ,*ur* ( a 
dep>ture f ! true religion1 & t 8 :ole  
doctr9e w\ld militate aga9/ ! p[] ( !   
prie/hood & ! importance ( c]emonialism4
 ,al?\gh he _h a va/ numb] ( fri5ds1 "s 
( !m em95t = le>n+ & piety1 & ev5 high 9
 worldly rank1 & ?\gh ! pontiff himself1
 ,innoc5t ,,xi1 0 p>tial to him1 he 01 9
 #afhe1 cit$ be=e ! ,inquisition &      
subject$ to close exam9ation z well z   
rigid imprisonm5t4 ,x is said t z _m z  
tw5ty ?\s& lett]s 7 f\nd 9 8 h\se1 :i*1 
if true1 %[s ! degree to :i* ! movem5t  
he head$ _h spread1 & ! hung] ( great   
multitudes = spiritual food4 ,8 trial   
la/$ two ye>s1 & 9 #afhg sixty-eight    
propositions1 purport+ to be extract$ f 
8 book1 7 condemn$1 & he 0 decl>$ to h  

taught false & dang]\s dogmas contr>y to
 ! doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he 0 compell$ to 
pass ! rema9d] ( 8 life 9 ! dungeons ( !
 ,inquisition1 :]e he di$1 aft] _m ye>s 
( close conf9em5t1 9 :i* he exhibit$ !  
greate/ humility & peace ( m9d4  ,!     
pr9ciples ( 8 book h be5 mu* misund]/ood
 & misrepres5t$4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t is   
believ$ to be sub/antially correct4 ,he 
taught t ,*ri/ian p]fection consi/s 9 ! 
peace ( ! s\l1 spr++ f a complete       
self-surr5d] into ! h&s ( ,god1 9 !     
r5\ncem5t ( all ext]nal1 temporal ?+s1 &
 9 ! pure love ( ,god free f all        
consid]ations ( int]e/ or hope ( rew>d4 
,a s\l :i* desires ! supreme good mu/   
r5\nce all s5sual & mat]ial ?+s1 sil5ce 
e impulse1 & conc5trate itself on ,god4 
,9 a /ate ( p]fect contemplation ! s\l  
desires absolutely no?+1 n ev5 its own  
salvation2 x fe>s no?+1 n ev5 hell2 ! "o
 only feel+ ( :i* x is consci\s is utt] 
ab&onm5t to ,god's good w & pleasure2 x 
is indiff]5t to all else2 & no?+ :i*    
does n rea* ! w1 :]e alone virtue       

resides1 c really pollute ! s\l4 ,!     
sy/em 0 t]m$ ,quietism1 because x laid s
 mu* /ress ^u inw>d quiet1 passive      
contemplation1 & sil5t pray]2 also ^u   
fre$om f hope & fe>1 ! great agitators (
 ! human m9d4  ,x is a v vulg> error to 
suppose t ! ,my/ics taught ab/5tion f   
good works1 or outw>d inactivity2 = none
 7 busi] 9 bless+ _! fell[-m51 z ! tw5ty
 ?\s& lett]s above m5tion$ might        
indicate1 z well z ! ceaseless endeavors
 9 ?is direction put =? by ,madame      
,guyon1 ,fnelon1 & ! re/4 ,my/ics are n 
impracticable dream]s2 !y h be5 9 a v   
m>k$ degree en]getic & influ5tial4 ,_!  
passivity simply meant a calm yet glad  
acceptance ( all ,god's disp5sations4   
,!y 7 also abundantly active 9 ! highe/ 
s5se1 s9ce ! old faculties 7 trans=m$ & 
uplift$ & no long] %ackl$ by ! cramp+   
*a9s ( s91 b enabl$ to d f> m = ! good (
 mank9d & ! glory ( ,god 9 _! happy1    
heal?y work+ ?an !y ev] _h done be=e4   
,!y laid great /ress ^u fai?1 r ?an     
rites or au/]ities1 z a means (         

ju/ification & sanctification1 a        
peculi>ity :i* seems at ! bottom ( !    
rem>k ( ! ,romi% ecclesia/ic :o wrote1  
"u date ( ,july #aj1 #afhe1 ,i am in=m$ 
t a ,jesuit nam$ ,mol9os has be5 put    
into ! ,inquisition at ,rome1 accus$ (  
wi%+ to become *ief ( a new sect call$  
,quieti/s1 ^: pr9ciples are some:at     
simil> to ^? ( ! ,puritans 9 ,engl&4    
,!re is suffici5t simil>ity betwe5 !    
,quietism ( ! sev5te5? c5tury & !       
,pietism & ,me?odism ( ,g]many & ,engl& 
9 ! eighte5? c5tury to give u a fri5dly 
feel+ t[>d x4 ,t ! =m] 0 n s well gu>d$ 
z ! latt]2 0 less direct$ to practical  
ends2 0 n 9 control ( su* cool1 s5sible 
m9ds2 ran v easily into abuses2 _h      
/rong] pan!i/ic lean+s2 0 m op5 to !    
objection t x taught a /ra9$1 impossible
 p]fection utt]ly out ( rea* ( all b !  
few1 & atta9able by ^? few p]haps only  
"u v favorable conditions1--may be      
freely grant$4 ,b x does n1 & ne$ n1    
prev5t our sympa?ies go+ out /rongly    
t[>d ^? :o1 9 t e>li] day & amid mu*    

difficulty1 /ruck out ! high pa? on l9es
 n ess5tially at v>iance ) ^? :o1 9     
easi] times ( great] enlight5m5t1 came  
aft] !m4 ,! ,my/ics1 ) all _!           
extravagances1 possess$ m ( ! tru? (    
,god ?an c\ld be f\nd else:]e )9 ! wide 
doma9s ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,! ,re=m]s     
recogniz$ ?is1 & sympa?iz$ f> m deeply )
 !m ?an ) ! s*oolm54  ,x %\ld be said1  
also1 t ! ,quieti/s vehem5tly repudiat$ 
! con/ructions put ^u _! writ+s by _!   
enemies1 & ! evil inf]5ces :i* 7 drawn f
 !m4 ,!y prote/$ aga9/ :at o!rs pr(ess$ 
to f9d !re z be+ no "p ( _! real belief4
 ,x seems to u t !y h a p]fect "r to be 
he>d 9 explanation ( _! t5ets1 & mu*    
all[ance mu/ be made = ^? endeavor+ to  
f9d expressions t w\ld convey su* pr(\nd
 & l(ty ?\ghts4 ,pr(essor ,george ,p4   
,fi%]1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1  
says1 ,! real gr\nd ( ho/ility to       
,quietism 0 its t5d5cy to lead to !     
disp5s+ ) auricul> confession & p5ances 
& outw>d rites altoge!r4  ,x w be       
suffici5tly evid5t f :at has be5 n[     

writt5 t !re is ,my/icism & ,my/icism2 &
 t t :i* has ! be/ "r to ! "n lies v    
close to ! mo/ ess5tial tru? ( ! be/    
religion1 insep>able f x s f> z x is to 
answ] ! deepe/ ye>n+s ( ! human he>t4   
,if religion is n to be made :olly      
objective1 r$uc$ to a r\nd ( ext]nal    
p]=mances1 acc\nt$ synonym\s )          
philan?ropy & morality2 if its          
subjective side is to h prop]           
recognition z ! controll+ "o2 if be+ is 
to take rank above do+1 z we firmly     
believe x %\ld1--!n we are all ,my/ics 9
 ! true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,s9ce we h to d ) !
 love ( ,*ri/ :i* passe? k1 & :i* mu/ be
 kn[n by "s high] faculty ?an ! und]/&+2
 s9ce ! new bir? is fitly comp>$ by !   
,ma/] to ! my/]i\s com+ & go+ ( ! w9ds (
 heav51 & c n be completely compreh5d$  
by ! human reason2 s9ce ! me?od ( ,god )
 ! s\l ( man passes all metes & b\nds ( 
man's f9ite m9d1 & ! op]ations ( ! ,holy
 ,_s c n be :olly fa?om$ by cold        
intellect1--,my/icism has extremely     
close relations ) all p>ts (            

sup]naturalism4 ,x is gr\nd$ 9 a pr(\nd]
 philosophy ?an ^? c (f] :o assume to   
sc\t & scorn x4 ,we z ,me?odi/s1        
especially1 believe firmly 9 feel+1 & 9 
a fir/-h& k ( ,god z ! privilege ( ea*  
g5u9e believ]4 ,we hold fa/ to exp]i5ce 
z hav+ rights :i* logic & dogma mu/     
respect2 we h exalt$ life above !ory1 & 
! vision div9e above dead or?odoxy2 we  
ma9ta9 t !re is a ,god-consci\sness1 z  
well z a self-consci\sness & a          
_w-consci\sness2 & t spiritual facts c  
be1 & %\ld be1 v]ifi$ 9 p]sonal         
exp]i5ce4 ,we c\nt ! words ( ,pascal    
div9ely true3 ,! ?+s ( ?is _w mu/ be    
kn[n 9 ord] to be lov$2 b ! ?+s ( ,god  
mu/ be lov$ 9 ord] to be kn[n4          
,my/icism1 says ,pr(essor ,j4 ,e4       
,latim]1 has ev] be5 a reaction f       
=malism & dogmatism 9 religion4 ,:5     
,*ri/ian m5 h be5 rely+ ^u ! lett]1 !   
,my/ic has always exalt$ ! _s4 ,:5 !    
,*ur* has be5 cont5t ) m]e dogmatic     
/atem5t & intellectual or?odoxy1 a      
,my/ic revival has come to rehabilitate 

its spiritual life1 & s5ds new /reams ( 
p[] along its arid *annel4 ,d we n      
greatly ne$ ?is revival n[8 ,we d n     
believe !re is any special dang] to-day 
f "o-sid$ subjectivity & morbid         
introspection4 ,! p]il is altoge!r ! o!r
 way4 ,our great want is a pr(\nd]      
appreh5sion ( ! basal tru?s ( !         
spiritual life1 & _! practical          
translation into individual exp]i5ce4 ,!
 k ( ,god is widespread1 b x is         
sup]ficial4 ,piety is v bu/l+1 b x is n 
deep4 ,! utt]ances ( ! ,savior & ,8     
apo/les are tak5 at a l>ge disc\nt1 & ! 
mass ( believ]s are easily cont5t ) a l[
 condition ( spirituality4 ,h5ce ! ,*ur*
 is feeble1 & fails to impress itself   
/rongly ^u ! _w4 ,x w\ld be imm5sely    
b5efit$ by a l>ge infusion ( ! _s ( !   
true ,my/ic1 :o wages ! mo/ deadly w> ) 
all c>nality2 :o has a t]rible moral    
int5sity2 :o r5\nces absolutely all t   
dims ! radiance or %ad[s ! image ( !    
,p]fect ,"o 9 ! mirror ( ! s\l2 :o is   
det]m9$1 s f> z 9 him lies1 to bridge ! 

gulf t sep>ates him f 8 ,mak] & make !  
close/ possible approa* to ,god4 ,(     
,rabbi ,gamaliel1 a g5u9e ,my/ic1 x is  
report$ t he pray$1 ,o ,"l1 grant t ,i  
may d ,?y w z if x 7 my w1 & t ,?\ maye/
 d my w z if x 7 ,?y w4 ,*>les ,wesley1 
ano!r ,my/ic1 is v bold & says1    ,let 
all ,i am 9 ,!e be lo/1   ,let all ,i am
 be ,god4  ,:y %\ld x be ?\ght a ?+     
incr$ible ) any t man may become a      
p>tak] ( ! ,div9e nature8 ,if to a small
 ext5t1 :y n1 :5 all ! conditions are   
favorable1 to a v l>ge ext5t8 ,:y %\ld n
 ! ,*ur* 9 g5]al1 & ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* 9  
p>ticul>1 get a new grip on ?is mu*     
neglect$ b e way fruitful tru? ( !      
,div9e indwell+ & ! ,div9e imman5ce1    
,god 9 all & all 9 ,god1 ! univ]se b ! w
 ( ,god express$ 9 =ms ( "t & space1    
humanity rea*+ its highe/ po9t (        
developm5t :5 x mo/ completely entemples
 ,deity1 nature a symbol ( ,god1 ,god   
reveal$ 9 ,8 works8 ,j s f> z ?is %all  
be accompli%$ w ! ,*ur* sw+ out into a  
weal?y place1 & m>* =w>d to l>ge        

conque/4 ,complete surr5d] w be !       
prelude to complete possession1 &       
complete possession w /raightway be     
turn$ into complete victory ov] e foe4  
,,*apt] ,v4                             
,,! ,,great ,,conflict4   ,we come n[ to
 ! c5tral p]iod ( ,fnelon's c>e]1 t :]e9
 he put =? 8 greate/ m5tal ex]tion1     
fight+1 z x 71 = 8 v life1 & = t tru?   
:i* he held mu* de>] ?an life4 ,x is a  
p]iod :i* e sket* ( him1 h[ev] brief1   
t\*es ^u1 & :i* we mu/ set =? at "s     
l5g?4 ,! la/ *apt]1 on ,my/icism &      
,quietism1 w h prep>$ u to consid]      
some:at sympa!tically ! c>e] ( ,madame  
,guyon1 :o 0 s closely l9k$ ) ,fnelon   
dur+ ^! few ye>s1 & :o 0 ! *ief expon5t 
( ! ,quieti/ or ,my/ic beliefs at ?is "t
 9 ,france4 ,%e 0 born1 z ,jeanne ,m>ie 
,b\vi] de la ,mo!1 ,april #ac1 #afdh1 at
 ,mont>gis1 ab\t fifty miles s\? (      
,p>is1 & w$d$ be=e %e 0 sixte51 by !    
arrangem5t ( h] p>5ts1 to a man (       
?irty-eight1 ,m4 ,jacques ,guyon1 :o 0 v
 weal?y4 ,%e _h an unhappy m>ri$ life1  

clos$ by ! dea? ( h] husb& :5 %e 0      
tw5ty-eight4 ,%e _h five *ildr51 two (  
:om di$ 9 infancy4 ,suff]+ 0 h] portion1
 & religion h] consolation1 ?r\gh all h]
 days4 ,:5 n yet ?irte5 %e read )       
eag]ness ! ,life ( ,madame ,*antal1     
,kempis' ,imitation ( ,*ri/1 & ! works (
 ,francis ( ,sales1 mak+ a v[ at ?is "t 
to aim at ! highe/ p]fection & to d ! w 
( ,god 9 ev]y?+4 ,lat]1 :5 sev5te51 ?is 
det]m9ation 0 r5ew$ ) full] purpose &   
intellig5ce2 yet x 0 n till %e 0 tw5ty1 
s limit$ 7 h] privileges ( in/ruction1 t
 h] he>t became ?or\ghly *ang$1 !       
pleasures ( ! _w put def9itely aside1 & 
h] life devot$ entirely to ,god4 ,h]    
education1 9 a conv5t1 0 q defective1 b 
h] natural abilities 7 v great4 ,%e _h  
rem>kable p[]s ( conv]sation1 h]        
intellect 0 ke51 h] asc5d5cy ov] o!r    
m9ds1 ev5 "s ( ! greate/1 9 aft] ye>s 0 
v /rik+4 ,%e le>n$ ,lat9 subsequ5tly1 t 
%e might c>ry on h] /udies m pr(\ndly4  
,%e prep>$ ext5sive comm5t>ies on !     
,scriptures1 & h] writ+s1 9 _!          

collective =m1 7 issu$ 9 =ty volumes4   
,afflictions _m 7 us$ by ! ,"l to *a/5  
h] _s & deep5 h] exp]i5ce4 ,%e lo/ h] "m
 & fa!r1 lo/ a de>ly belov$ son & d>l+  
daught]1 lo/ h] beauty by ! sc\rge (    
smallpox at ! age ( tw5ty-two1 lo/ h]   
de>e/ fri5d & religi\s confidante1      
,g5evieve ,grang]1 prioress ( !         
,b5$ict9es1 9 #afgc1 & !n h] husb& 9    
#afgf4  ,x 0 ,july #bb1 #afgb1 t %e gave
 h]self to ! ,"l afre%1 ) l>g]          
compreh5sion & consecration1 )\t        
res]vation ( purpose or "t1 9 ! mo/     
solemn mann]1 sign+ & seal+ ! foll[+    
cov5ant3 ,i h5ce=? take ,jesus ,*ri/ to 
be m9e4 ,i promise to receive ,him z a  
husb& to me1 & ,i give myself to ,him1  
unwor?y ?\gh ,i am1 to be ,8 sp\se4 ,i  
ask ( ,him1 9 ?is m>riage ( _s ) _s1 t  
,i may be ( ! same m9d ) ,him--meek1    
pure1 no?+ 9 myself1 & unit$ 9 ,god's w2
 &1 pl$g$ z ,i am to be ,81 ,i accept z 
a "p ( my m>riage portion1 ! temptations
 & sorr[s1 ! crosses & ! contempts1 :i* 
fell to ,him4 ,?is sacr$ cov5ant ( !    

spiritual m>riage ) h] ,r$eem]1 %e      
c>efully r5ew$ & review$ on its         
anniv]s>y4 ,especially noticeable 0 !   
r5ewal 9 #afha1 = x took place 9        
,annecy1 at ! tomb ( ,/4 ,francis (     
,sales1 :o1 m ?an any o!r human be+1 0  
h] ma/] 9 spiritual ?+s1 z he has be5 to
 hundr$s ( ?\s&s m4 ,:5 left a wid[ )   
l>ge prop]ty int]e/s1 %e fir/ settl$ up 
! affairs ( ! ext5sive e/ate ) mu*      
skill1 )\t assi/ance f any "o1 did mu* 9
 *>ity = ^? ar\nd h]1 look$ aft] h]     
*ildr51 & !n gradually felt h] way to   
:at 0 to be h] life-"w 9 ! _w4 ,h]      
spiritual exp]i5ce all ! :ile 0 advanc+2
 %e 0 s9k+ m ?or\ghly out ( self into   
,god4 ,july #bb1 #afhj1 0 a specially   
memorable epo* ) h]1 :5 %e began to c\nt
 ! life ( nature z fully sla9 )91 :5 h] 
s\l seem$ to be deliv]$ f all its *a9s1 
& set :olly at lib]ty1 9 a way n kn[n   
be=e4 ,%e says1 ,i _h a deep peace2 a   
peace :i* seem$ to p]vade ! :ole s\l2 a 
peace :i* result$ f ! fact t all my     
desires 7 fulfill$ 9 ,god4 ,i desir$    

no?+2 fe>$ no?+2 will$ no?+4 ,i fe>$    
no?+2 t is to say1 ,i fe>$ no?+ consid]$
 9 its ultimate results & relations1    
because my /rong fai? plac$ ,god at !   
head ( all p]plexities & all ev5ts4 ,i  
desir$ no?+ b :at ,i n[ h1 because ,i _h
 a full belief t 9 my pres5t /ate ( m9d 
! results ( ea* mom5t1 consid]$ 9       
relation to myself1 con/itut$ !         
fulfillm5t ( ! ,div9e purposes4 ,i will$
 no?+2 mean+ 9 ?is /atem5t t ,i _h no w 
( my own4 ,z a sanctifi$ he>t is always 
9 h>mony ) ! ,div9e provid5ces1 ,i _h no
 w b ! ,div9e w1 ( :i* su* provid5ces   
are ! true & appropriate expression4    
,?is extract expresses z well1 p]haps1 z
 any?+ c1 ! ma9spr+s ( h] p]sonal feel+ 
& ! *ief sub/ance ( h] tea*+4 ,%e always
 beheld ! h& ( ,god 9 all ?+s1 recogniz$
 practically t ,god ord]s & provides e  
allotm5t 9 life1 e situation1 h[ev]     
di/ress+ to ! fle% or p]plex+ to !      
p]ceptions4 ,%e look$ at ev]y?+ on !    
side ( ,god1 & f\nd ,him always manife/$
 9 ,8 provid5ces4 ,%e 0 n m]ely         

consecrat$ to ,god's w1 %e re/$ 9 ,8 w1 
unit$ to x by a mo/ simple fai?1 f9d+ h]
 joy 9 ,jesus4 ,all t _h ,god 9 x--& t  
includ$ ev]y?+ except s9--0 delightful  
to h]4 ,%e f\nd ! ord] ( ,div9e         
provid5ce a v preci\s & suffici5t rule (
 conduct2 = %e acc\nt$ t e successive   
second1 & e ev5t1 h[ev] m9ute1 _h some?+
 ab\t x :i* made kn[n ,8 w4 ,h5ce1 tru/+
 fully1 & f9d+ ,god always ev]y:]e1 no?+
 mov$ h]4 ,& %e came to feel x to be h] 
special mission1 s9ce ,god _h reveal$ ^!
 ?+s to h]1 z ,he _h n to o!rs1 to      
proclaim ?is p>ticul> k9d ( hol9ess2 a  
hol9ess :i* 0 a pres5t privilege &      
possession1 bas$ ^u & secur$ by fai?4   
,?is int]ior life1 or inw>d pa?1 z %e   
sometimes call$ x1 or /ate ( p]fect     
ob$i5ce to ! w ( ,god1 _h /ill ano!r "n 
by :i* x came to be widely kn[n--! "n ( 
dis9t]e/$ 7or pure1 p]fect1 unselfi%7   
love4 ,by ?is 0 meant a love :i* s]v$   
,god = ,himself alone1 un9flu5c$ by fe> 
( puni%m5t or hope ( rew>d4  ,%e 0 l$ to
 g to ! s\? ( ,france1 to ,gex1 ,?onon1 

,gr5oble1 ,nice1 ,m>seilles2 & z %e     
taught ^! ?+s to ^? :o came )9 h]       
rea*--& great numb]s resort$ to h]--%e  
began /raightway to endure ! p]secutions
 :i* are promis$ by ,/4 ,paul to ^? :o  
foll[ ! godly life4 ,%e prea*$ reality r
 ?an =ms4 ,! two great pr9ciples :i* %e 
cle>ly1 /rongly proclaim$ 7             
self-r5unciation & p]fect union ) !     
,div9e w2 no?+ 9 ourselves1 b all 9     
,god4 ,%e urg$ also ! read+ & /udy ( !  
,bible1 :i* %e con/antly practic$       
h]self4 ,^! ?+s1 ( c\rse1 br\ght d[n ^u 
h] ! sev]e/ opposition f ! rul+         
au?orities 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,"s 7 jeal\s ( h] 
because %e 0 a woman2 "s 7 rebuk$ 9 _!  
s9s2 "s felt t %e 0 prea*+ ! h]esies (  
,prote/antism2 "s 7 (f5d$ at !          
unaccu/om$ t]ms %e employ$4 ,! doctr9e (
 full salvation by fai? & complete      
con=mity to ,*ri/ crucifi$1 nev] popul> 
9 any age or l&1 0 p>ticul>ly obnoxi\s  
!n & !re4 ,:5 p]secut$ 9 "o city %e fl$ 
to ano!r1 z ! ,savior direct$1 be+ 9 no 
ha/e to ju/ify h]self1 leav+ h]         

v9dication1 = ! mo/ "p1 ) ,god4 ,%e 0   
able to d a great deal = ! ,ma/] 9 spite
 ( cont9ual opposition1 be+ occupi$     
sometimes f six 9 ! morn+ till eight at 
night ) ^? :o came to h] = spiritual    
help1 writ+ incessantly also1 & scatt]+ 
h] productions4 ,%e e/abli%$ a hospital 
9 ,gr5oble1 & 0 at all times assidu\s 9 
rescu+ ! fall5 & do+ good to ! ne$y4 ,9 
"o ( h] books writt5 at ?is "t1 call$ ,!
 ,me?od ( ,pray]1 %e rightly says3 ,no  
man c "k :e!r he is :olly consecrat$ to 
! ,"l except by tribulation4 ,t is !    
te/4 ,to rejoice 9 ,god's w :5 t w      
imp>ts no?+ b happ9ess is easy1 ev5 = ! 
natural man4 ,b none b ! religi\s man c 
rejoice 9 ! ,div9e w :5 x crosses 8 pa?1
 disappo9ts 8 expectations1 & ov]:elms  
him ) sorr[4 ,trial1 !re=e1 in/ead ( be+
 %unn$1 %\ld be welcom$ z a te/1 & !    
only true te/ ( ! true /ate4 ,%e nobly  
endur$ ?is te/1 n only at ?is "t1 b /ill
 m signally z ! ye>s w5t on4 ,%e arriv$ 
aga9 9 ,p>is1 five ye>s aft] h] dep>ture
 f t city1 ,july #bb1 #afhf4 ,"h %e     

became "o ( ! little circle :i* met     
frequ5tly = religi\s & social purposes  
at ! ,hotel de ,beauvilli]s1 a circle   
:i* includ$ ,madame de ,ma9t5on &       
,fnelon4  ,:5 ,fnelon 0 9 ! prov9ce (   
,poit\1 at "w among ! ,hugu5ots 9 #afhf1
 he fir/ he>d ( ,madame ,guyon & became 
some:at acqua9t$ ) h] writ+s1 :i* deeply
 int]e/$ him1 z !y 7 drawn s l>gely f   
,francis ( ,sales1 8 own *ief tea*]4 ,on
 return+ f 8 mission 9 #afhg1 he pass$  
?r\gh ! city ( ,mont>gis1 & made !re    
c>eful inquiries conc]n+ ?is woman4 ,he 
0 impress$1 says ,m4 de ,bausset1 "o ( 8
 biograph]s1 by ! unanim\s te/imonies   
:i* he he>d ( h] piety & goodness4 ,on  
return+ to ,p>is he met h] = ! fir/ "t  
at ! h\se ( ! ,du*ess ( ,*>o/1 a few    
miles beyond ,v]sailles1 & aga9 soon    
aft] at ! h\se ( ! ,du*ess ( ,be?une4   
,?is 0 9 ! latt] "p ( #afhh1 aft] h]    
release f h] fir/ imprisonm5t4 ,= h]    
enemies1 among :om 0 h] half-bro!r1 !   
,abb la ,mo!1 _h foll[$ h] to ,p>is1    
accus$ h] to ,monsieur de ,h>lai1 !     

notori\sly wick$ ar*bi%op1 & he easily  
obta9$ f ! k+1 to :om x 0 repres5t$ t h]
 doctr9es 7 sub/antially ! same z ^? ( !
 h]etic ,mol9os1 a lettre de ca*et1 or  
seal$ ord]1 putt+ h] 9 conf9em5t1       
,janu>y #bi1 #afhh4 ,%e refus$ to       
pur*ase h] lib]ty by ! sacrifice ( h]   
little daught]1 only twelve ye>s ( age1 
:om ! k+ wi%$ to =ce into a v unseemly  
m>riage ) a p]son :o wi%$ to get        
possession ( h] l>ge prop]ty4 ,%e refus$
 also to take o!r means = h] release :i*
 did n comm5d !mselves to h] z "r4 ,%e  
answ]$ !m1 ,i am cont5t to suff] :atev] 
x pleases ,god to ord] or p]mit1 b ,i   
w\ld soon] die ^u ! scaffold ?an utt] ! 
falsehoods y propose4 ,:e!r writt5 at   
?is "t or at "s ( h] subsequ5t          
imprisonm5ts1 ! foll[+ hymn ( h]s s well
 repres5ts h] con/ant attitude t x is   
em95tly prop] to ins]t x "h3    ,a      
little bird ,i am1     ,%ut f ! fields (
 air2   ,& 9 my cage ,i sit & s+     ,to
 ,him :o plac$ me !re2   ,well pleas$ a 
prison] to be1   ,because1 my ,god1 x   

pleases ,!e4    ,n\ght h ,i else to d2  
,i s+ ! :ole day long2   ,& ,he1 :om mo/
 ,i love to please1     ,do? li/5 to my 
song2   ,he caught & b\nd my w&]+ w+1   
,b /ill ,he b5ds to he> me s+4    ,?\   
ha/ an e> to he>2     ,a he>t to love & 
bless2   ,&1 ?\gh my notes 7 e'er s     
rude1     ,?\ w\ld'/ n he> ! less2      
,because ,?\ kn[e/ z !y fall1   ,t      
,love1 sweet ,love1 inspires !m all4    
,my cage conf9es me r\nd2     ,abroad ,i
 c n fly2   ,b1 ?\gh my w+ is closely   
b\nd1     ,my he>t's at lib]ty4   ,my   
prison walls c n control   ,! flight1 ! 
fre$om ( ! s\l4    ,o1 x is good to so>1
     ,^! bolts & b>s above1   ,to ,him  
^: purpose ,i adore1     ,^: provid5ce  
,i love2   ,& 9 ,?y mighty w to f9d   ,!
 joy1 ! fre$om ( ! m9d4  ,h] fri5ds 7 n 
idle1 & f9ally1 by ! int]cession (      
,madame de ,miramion1 ,madame de        
,maison=t1 & ! ,du*esses ,beauvilli]s & 
,*evreuse1 act+ ?r\gh ,madame de        
,ma9t5on ^u ! k+1 ,madame ,guyon 0      
releas$ 9 ,octob]1 #afhh4 ,on be+ set   

free %e took up h] resid5ce at ! h\se ( 
,madame de ,miramion1 & resum$ h] labor 
= s\ls z opportunity pres5t$ itself4    
,e>ly 9 #afij h] daught] 0 m>ri$ to     
,c\nt de ,vaux1 a man ( high "*1 bro!r (
 ! ,du*ess de ,be?une & nephew ( !      
,du*ess de ,*>o/2 & z ! *ild 0 sc>cely  
f\rte5 %e w5t to live ) h] a little way 
out ( ! city4 ,"h ,fnelon visit$        
frequ5tly1 & :5 %e _h once m return$ to 
,p>is1 hir+ a private h\se = h]self !re 
9 #afib1 he met h] mu*4  ,:at ( h]      
influ5ce ^u him8 ,^? n 9 sympa?y ) h]   
ideas1 by :om inde$ ! inn] ?+s ( ! k+dom
 are p]tly dubb$ nons5se1 h call$ h] !  
evil g5ius ( 8 life1 & ascrib$ to h] :at
 !y are pleas$ to t]m 8 ru9 & d[nfall4  
,we are v c]ta9 t he did n himself reg>d
 ei!r x or h] 9 t light4 ,!y _h v mu* 9 
common4 ,!re 0 ! same hung] aft] !      
highe/ religi\s atta9m5ts1 & _! ideas z 
to ! pa? 7 at bottom ! same4 ,fnelon _h 
! !ological tra9+ :i* %e lack$1 & h5ce  
f\nd difficulty ) _m ( h] expressions1  
:i* seem$ to him objectionable & liable 

to misappreh5sion1 z d\btless !y 74 ,b x
 seems altoge!r probable t at ?is "t %e 
0 m advanc$ 9 ! spiritual life1 m       
p]fectly taught ( ,god1 ?an he4 ,h5ce1 9
 ! ext5d$ correspond5ce :i* took place  
betwe5 !m1 cov]+ a space ( "s two ye>s  
or m1 f its beg9n+ 9 ,novemb]1 #afhh1 x 
is usually he :o asks ! que/ions & seeks
 = explanations4 ,%e respond$ ) entire  
pati5ce & deep religi\s insight1 tak+   
all possible pa9s1 z may well be        
suppos$1 ) s di/+ui%$ yet s docile a    
pupil4 ,to "o ) s cle> an intellect & s 
sympa!tic a _s %e c\ld express h] ?\ght 
) ! utmo/ fre$om1 & 8 enlight5$1 p[]ful 
m9d1 untrammel$ by ! prejudices :i* s   
(t5 prev5t$--& always prev5ts--correct  
p]ceptions1 readily saw ! validity ( h] 
views4 ,%e h]self says3 ,i 0 enabl$ 9   
our conv]sations s fully to expla9      
ev]y?+ to ,fnelon t he gradually ent]$  
into ! views :i* ! ,"l _h l$ me to      
ent]ta91 & f9ally gave !m 8 unqualifi$  
ass5t4 ,! p]secutions :i* he has s9ce   
suff]$ are ! evid5ce ( ! s9c]ity ( 8    

belief4 ,if he 0 greatly indebt$ to h]1 
z ev]y?+ appe>s to prove--& z _m o!r    
em95t m5 h be5 to godly wom5--= gett+   
into a mu* clos] con=mity to ! w ( ,god1
 x is no wond] t he 0 nev] will+ to     
unite ) h] enemies 9 h] condemnation1   
al?\gh e e>?ly motive 0 on t side4  ,x 0
 9 #afib t ! acqua9tance ( ,madame      
,guyon ) ,madame de ,ma9t5on became     
some:at intimate1 s mu* s t %e 0 (t5    
invit$ to ! royal palace at ,v]sailles1 
& 0 introduc$ to ! celebrat$ in/itution 
at ,/4 ,cyr4 ,be+ giv5 lib]ty to visit !
 "y ladies !re1 %e talk$ ) !m on        
religi\s subjects1 & spe$ily acquir$ !  
/ronge/ possible influ5ce ov] !m4 ,?is  
soon br\ght h] "n into g5]al notice1 &  
excit$ once m int5se ho/ility4 ,"o ( h] 
s]vants 0 brib$ to poison h]1 & almo/   
succe$$4 ,%e suff]$ f ! effects = sev5  
ye>s4 ,x is at ?is "t t                 
,bossuet--confess$ly ! lead] ( ! ,fr5*  
,*ur* by reason ( reputation1 le>n+1 &  
intellectual /r5g?--became al>m$ at !   
reports he he>d ( ! /range influ5ce (   

?is woman 9 high qu>t]s1 & det]m9$ to   
put =? 8 spl5did p[]s = ! ext9ction (   
:at he deem$ a new h]esy4 ,8 fir/       
int]view ) h] took place 9 ,septemb]1   
#afic1 8 second1 ,janu>y #cj1 #afid4 ,he
 f\nd mu* to admire 9 h] positions1 b he
 judg$ by ! head r ?an ! he>t1 & 0 n    
fully satisfi$4 ,accord+ly %e wrote to  
,madame de ,ma9t5on1 ask+ t a numb] (   
suitable p]sons might be select$ to     
c>efully exam9e h] doctr9es & h] morals2
 = h] "* z well z h] tea*+s _h be5 l\dly
 assail$1 z is cu/om>y 9 su* situations4
 ,! k+ approv$ ( ! plan1 & appo9t$ ?ree 
commission]s1 ! mo/ em95t = virtues &   
tal5ts t c\ld well be select$1 :i* 0 a  
m>k$ tribute to ! intellectual p[] &    
p]sonal influ5ce ( ,madame ,guyon4 ,!y 7
 ,bossuet1 ,bi%op ( ,meaux2 ,m4         
,tronson1 ,sup]ior ( ! ,sem9>y ( ,/4    
,sulpice2 & ,m4 de ,noailles1 ,bi%op (  
,*alons1 aft]w>ds ! ,c>d9al ,ar*bi%op ( 
,p>is4 ,^! p]sons _h _m meet+s 9 #afid &
 #afie1 & drew up :at 7 kn[n z !        
,articles ( ,issy4 ,fnelon1 be+ on t]ms 

( ! greate/ intimacy ) ^! ?ree          
!ologians1 0 9 frequ5t communication )  
!m conc]n+ ! matt]1 & 0 (t5 consult$1   
especially by ,bossuet1 :ile ! articles 
7 be+ fram$4 ,:5 !y 7 complet$ he 0 ask$
 to sign !m1 :i*1 aft] a few *anges & ! 
addition ( f\r articles :i* he deem$    
ess5tial to prev5t misconception1 he    
gladly did4 ,ev5 ,madame ,guyon gave h] 
ass5t to !m1 al?\gh !y bore r h>dly on  
"s ( h] positions1 )\t m5tion+ h] "n1 & 
7 expressly design$ to protect ! public 
aga9/ h] alleg$ extravagances4  ,%e 0 at
 ?is "t 9 a sort ( conf9em5t 9 ! ,conv5t
 ( ,/4 ,m>y1 9 ,meaux1 "u ,bossuet's    
sup]vision4 ,he _h _m int]views ) h]1 &1
 9 a lett] to ! prioress ( ! conv5t1    
said expressly t he _h exam9$ ! writ+s (
 ,madame ,guyon ) great c>e1 & f\nd 9 !m
 no?+ c5surable1 ) ! exception ( "s t]ms
 :i* 7 n :olly con=m$ to ! /rictness (  
!ology2 b t a woman 0 n expect$ to be a 
!ologian4 ,he also1 at h] desire1 aft]  
six mon?s' resid5ce1 gave h] a          
c]tificate speak+ 9 ! mo/ favorable t]ms

 ( h] "* & conduct4 ,b no soon] 0 %e    
aga9 9 ,p>is ?an h] enemies />t$ at once
 into life4 ,! k+ 0 al>m$ le/           
,quietism--a sy/em ( fai? & practice at 
! complete antipodes f 8 own--%\ld ga9  
fur!r curr5cy1 & ,madame de ,ma9t5on1   
tak+ h] cue f him1 z %e always did1     
rang$ h]self promptly ) its enemies4    
,bossuet also1 f9d+ t he _h be5 m l5i5t 
t[>d h] ?an 0 politic1 dem&$ back f     
,madame ,guyon 8 c]tificate4 ,?is %e    
c\ld n cons5t to surr5d]1 & he set      
himself ) full det]m9ation to cru% h]4  
,decemb] #bg1 #afie1 %e 0 arre/$ &      
inc>c]at$ 9 ! ca/le ( ,v9c5nes1 :]e %e  
und]w5t = n9e mon?s a v sev]e           
imprisonm5t4 ,%e says3 ,i pass$ my "t 9 
great peace1 cont5t to sp5d ! rema9d] ( 
my life !re if su* %\ld be ! w ( ,god4  
,i employ$ "p ( my "t 9 writ+ religi\s  
songs4 ,9 ,augu/1 #afif1 %e 0 transf]r$ 
to ano!r prison at ,vaugiraud1 a village
 ne> ,p>is1 :]e %e rema9$ till          
,septemb]1 #afih1 & 0 !n immur$ 9 "o ( !
 /]n1 d>k t[]s ( ! dread$ ,ba/ile1 :]e  

%e rema9$ f\r ye>s m 9 solit>y          
conf9em5t4 ,j previ\s to h] commitm5t   
!re %e writes3 ,i feel no anxiety 9 view
 ( :at my enemies w d to me4 ,i h no fe>
 ( any?+ b ( be+ left to myself4 ,s long
 z ,god is ) me1 nei!r imprisonm5t nor  
dea? w h any t]rors4 ,a little lat] %e  
writes3 ,i1 be+ 9 ! ,ba/ile1 said to    
,!e1 ,o my ,god1 if ,?\ art pleas$ to   
r5d] me a spectacle to m5 & angels1 ,?y 
holy w be done4 ,all t ,i ask is t ,?\  
wilt be ) me & save ^? :o love ,!e4 ,z =
 me1 :at matt]s x :at m5 ?9k ( me or :at
 !y make me suff]1 s9ce !y c n sep>ate  
me f t ,savior ^: "n is engrav5 9 ! v   
bottom ( my he>t4 ,if ,i c only be      
accept$ ( ,him1 ,i am will+ t all m5    
%\ld despise & hate me4 ,_! /rokes w    
poli% :at may be defective 9 me1 s t ,i 
may be pres5t$ 9 peace to ,him = :om ,i 
die daily4 ,h] language 03    ,9 va9 !y 
smite me4 ,m5 b d   ,:at ,god p]mits )  
diff]5t view3   ,to outw>d sight !y hold
 ! rod1   ,b fai? proclaims x all (     
,god4  ,& simil> are ! beautiful words (

 h] hymn3    ,my ,"l1 h[ full ( sweet   
cont5t1   ,i pass my ye>s ( bani%m5t6   
,:]e'er ,i dwell ,i dwell ) ,!e1   ,9   
heav51 9 e>?1 or on ! sea4   ,to me     
rema9s nor place nor "t3   ,my c\ntry is
 9 e clime2   ,i c be calm & free f c>e 
,on any %ore s9ce ,god is !re4    ,:ile 
place we seek or place we %un1   ,! s\l 
f9ds happ9ess 9 none2   ,b ) a ,god to  
guide our way1   ',tis equal joy to g or
 /ay4   ,c\ld ,i be ca/ :]e ,?\ art n1  
,t 7 inde$ a dreadful lot2   ,b regions 
none remote ,i call1   ,secure ( f9d+   
,god 9 all4  ,%e made no compla9ts ( ^? 
:o s cruelly us$ h]4 ,!y believ$ t !y   
did well1 0 h] only comm5t4 ,! ,_s ( h] 
,savior 0 ) h]3 ,fa!r1 =give !m1 = !y "k
 n :at !y d4 ,9 h] biography1 writt5    
lat]1 %e says1 ,i entreat all su* p]sons
 z %all read ?is n>rative n to indulge 9
 h>d or embitt]$ feel+s aga9/ ^? :o h   
treat$ me ) unk9dness4 ,h] suff]+s 7    
t]rible1 b ! =titude & resolution ) :i* 
%e endur$ !m1 ! /eadfa/ness ( h] fai?1 &
 ! meekness ( h] be>+1 are wor?y ( all  

praise4 ,%e does n seem to h d\bt$ = a  
mom5t ! goodness & tru? ( ,god4 ,h]     
!ories 7 put to ! sev]e/ ( te/s1 & !y   
did n fail h]4 ,x is m>vel\s t %e liv$  
to em]ge f ! gloomy walls t 7 ! grave ( 
su* numb]s1 or t ! tyrannical1 bigot$ k+
 ev] rel5t$ s f> z to let h] g =?4 ,%e 0
 lib]at$ :5 fifty-f\r ye>s ( age 7x be+ 
evid5t t %e c\ld n survive ano!r ye> (  
imprisonm5t71 r$uc$ to great feebl5ess1 
h] con/itution utt]ly %att]$4 ,yet h]   
enemies 7 /ill afraid to let h] /ay 9 ! 
neighborhood ( ,p>is2 s %e 0 bani%$ = ! 
re/ ( h] life to ,blois1 "o hundr$ miles
 away1 on ! riv] ,loire4 ,!re1 subject$ 
to con/ant maladies :i* (t5 br\ght h] to
 ! v]ge ( dea?1 b support$ by abundant  
spiritual consolations1 %e did good z %e
 _h opportunity to ! great numb]s ( p :o
 came to see h]4 ,h] dep>ture f e>?     
occurr$ ,june #i1 #agag1 & 0 bo?        
peaceful & triumphant4 ,j be=e dea?1    
writ+ to h] bro!r1 %e says1 ,:atev] may 
happ51 turn n y\r eye back ^u ! _w2 look
 =w>d & onw>d to ! heav5ly mansions3 be 

/rong 9 fai?1 fight c\rage\sly ! battles
 ( ! ,"l4 ,writ+ to ano!r fri5d1 &      
ref]r+ to h] pa9s1 :i* %e said 7 s great
 z to call into ex]cise all ! res\rces &
 aids ( fai?1 %e adds3 ,grace 0         
triumphant4 ,x is try+ to nature1 b ,i c
 /ill say 9 ?is la/ /ruggle t ,i love ! 
,h& t smites me4 ,%e said 9 h] la/ h\rs1
 ,i rely = my salvation1 n on any good  
works 9 myself1 b on ,?y m]cies1 ,o my  
,god1 & on ! m]its & suff]+s ( my ,"l   
,jesus ,*ri/4 ,%e _h no fai? 9 ! doctr9e
 ( transub/antiation1 read ! ,scriptures
 mu*1 & urg$ o!rs to /udy !m1 insi/+    
con/antly ^u ! necessity ( a real       
sanctification ( ! he>t by ! ,holy ,_s4 
,t %e 0 "o ( ! high sa9ts ( ,god1 h] s\l
 a real temple ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 c 9 no  
way be que/ion$4 ,x is also c]ta9 t %e  
_h great intellectual p[]1 & 9 ! ma9    
taught mo/ important & sacr$ tru?4 ,x is
 easy to f9d fault ) _m ( h]            
expressions1 b h] _s is beyond praise4  
,t %e did on ! :ole a gr& good "w & w h 
a high place 9 glory1 we are fully      

conv9c$4  ,we come n[ to ! great        
conflict betwe5 ,bossuet & ,fnelon4 ,up 
to ?is "t !y _h be5 fri5ds1 at lea/     
outw>dly4 ,b !re are gr\nds = believ+ t 
,fnelon's gr[+ & prospective influ5ce   
ar\s$ ! envy ( ! ambiti\s ,bossuet1 :o1 
no m ?an ! k+1 0 dispos$ to brook a     
rival2 & ! ,quieti/ controv]sy spe$ily  
took on a "* :i* br\ght ! two bi%ops    
into ! mo/ direct antagonism4 ,bossuet  
complet$1 aft] long labor1 e>ly 9 #afif1
 an exce$+ly able book aga9/ ,quietism1 
entitl$ ,in/ructions on ! ,/ates (      
,pray]4 ,he secur$ ! approval ( ! o!r   
memb]s ( ! ,conf]5ce at ,issy1 & wi%$ to
 app5d a favorable te/imonial f ,fnelon 
also4 ,! latt] exam9$ ! manuscript )    
c>e1 & 0 oblig$ to )hold 8 indorsem5t4  
,he did s on two gr\nds3 ,he ?\ght x    
conta9$ an absolutely unqualifi$ d5ial (
 ! possibility ( ! pure1 dis9t]e/$ love 
( ,god2 & he consid]$ its c5sures (     
,madame ,guyon too p]sonal & too sev]e4 
,he 0 p]fectly aw>e t ! refusal to      
comply ) ! wi%es ( ,bossuet w\ld be a   

mortal (f5se to t haughty1 self-will$   
prelate1 & w\ld also displease ! k+1    
probably bla/+ 8 worldly prospects4 ,b z
 a man ( honor & ( true ,*ri/ian        
pr9ciple he c\ld n & did n hesitate4    
,writ+ to ,m4 ,tronson at ?is "t1 he    
says1 ,am ,i wrong 9 wi%+ n to believe  
evil soon] ?an c be help$1 & 9 refus+ to
 curry favor by act+ aga9/ my consci5ce8
 ,he decl>$ t he w\ld n attack a poor   
woman :o is trodd5 d[n by s _m1 & ^:    
fri5d ,i h be51 = ! sake ( dispell+     
suspicion aga9/ himself2 t he w\ld n    
speak aga9/ 8 consci5ce or recklessly   
insult a p]son :om he _h respect$ z a   
sa9t4 ,x w\ld be infam\s weakness 9 me1 
he said1 to speak d\btfully 9 relation  
to h] "* 9 ord] to free myself f        
oppression4 ,o!r extracts f 8 lett]s at 
?is "t1 _h we space to give !m1 w\ld %[ 
conclusively ! high gr\nd he took1 !    
only gr\nd :i* 8 own "* & self-respect1 
z well z 8 feel+ ( gratitude t[>d !     
p]secut$ woman1 c\ld possibly p]mit4 ,_h
 he done o!rwise1 :at w\ld ! _w n[ ?9k (

 him8  ,8 *ief fri5ds approv$ 8 c\rse1 b
 insi/$ t he mu/ write 8 views 9 full4  
,he did s1 produc+ 8 elaborate "w call$ 
,! ,maxims ( ! ,sa9ts1 publi%$ 9        
,janu>y1 #afig4 ,)\t nam+ ,madame       
,guyon1 x 0 9 fact h] def5se1 !         
exposition ( h] op9ions z he und]/ood   
!m1 & z %e _h expla9$ !m to him 9       
private4 ,x 0 hail$ z a gold5 "w by     
,c>d9al de ,noailles1 ,m4 ,tronson1 !   
,bi%op ( ,*>tres1 & _m o!r lead+ m5 (   
,france4#h ,b ,bossuet 0 r\s$ to fury4  
,take y\r own measures1 he said to ^!   
m52 ,i w raise my voice to ! heav5s     
aga9/ ^! errors s well kn[n to y2 ,i w  
compla9 to ,rome1 & to ! :ole e>?4 ,x   
%all n be said t ! cause ( ,god is      
weakly betray$4 ,?\gh ,i %\ld /& s+ly 9 
x1 ,i w advocate x4 ,b none bett] knew  
?an he t s f> f /&+ s+ly 9 x he _h !    
w>me/ possible back+ f ! k+4 ,l\is ,,xiv
 _h no love = ,fnelon4 ,he _h rais$ him 
to c]ta9 dignities1 p>tly because ( 8   
uncommon abilities1 & p>tly because ( 8 
favor ) ! public1 r ?an z a sign ( any  

p]sonal atta*m5t4 ,fnelon 01 ?r\gh\t 8  
life1 ! v embodim5t ( all t ,l\is did n 
l1 & ?is1 consid]+ ,l\is' "*1 0 "o ( 8  
*ief glories4 ,! two m5 7 s f> ap>t 9   
mo/ ?+s1 & _! m9ds 7 s diff]5tly        
con/itut$ t !re 0 no common bond (      
sympa?y1 & ! only wond] is h[ !y got    
along toge!r z well z !y did4 ,fnelon1  
:ile possess+ a great sup]iority (      
g5ius1 exhibit$ also an elevation (     
moral & p]sonal "* ( :i* ! k+ /ood 9    
awe1 & he 0 glad t ! accusation ( h]esy 
gave him a good opportunity to be rid ( 
8 uncom=table pres5ce4  ,! battle 0 n[  
on1 & x 0 betwe5 two giants4 ,bossuet1 !
 eagle1 0 ess5tially mascul9e1 m>k$ by  
solidity1 vigor1 & logic4 ,fnelon1 !    
swan1 0 ess5tially fem99e1 fill$ )      
t5d]ness1 spiritual en?usiasm1          
aspiration4 ,bossuet _h ! exp]i5ce (    
age1 ,fnelon ! full p[]s ( middle       
manhood2 ,bossuet _h ! great] skill 9   
argum5t1 ,fnelon ! ri*] imag9ation4     
,bossuet 9 /yle1 x has be5 said1 rem9ds 
"o ( ! expansive & philosophical m9d (  

,burke1 comb9$ ) ! heavy /r5g? &        
dictatorial mann] ( ,johnson4 ,fnelon _h
 a l>ge %>e ( ! luxuriant imag9ation (  
,j]emy ,taylor1 *a/5$ by ! ref9$ ta/e & 
classic ease ( ,addison4 ,fnelon 0      
naturally mild & =be>+ 9 disposition1 b 
inflexible 9 8 pr9ciples & incapable (  
be+ influ5c$ by pleasures on ! "o h&1 or
 by ?reats on ! o!r2 he 0 amiable )\t   
weakness1 firm )\t bitt]ness4 ,bossuet1 
on ! o!r h&1 0 a man ( /rong passions1  
accu/om$ to asc5d5cy1 impati5t (        
opposition1 &1 z ! conte/ w5t on1       
irritat$ by ! unexpect$ difficulties he 
enc\nt]$1 he resort$ to means = ! c>ry+ 
( 8 cause :i* h left a la/+ /a9 ^u 8 "n4
 ,b ,fnelon came =? f ! ordeal1 ev5 z   
,john ,flet*] did 9 8 controv]sy )      
,toplady1 elevat$ all ! high] 9 !       
admiration ( mank9d4 ,bossuet1 9 ! c\rse
 ( ! conte/1 ref]r+ to "o ( ,fnelon's   
publications1 made ! foll[+ rem>k3 ,8   
fri5ds say ev]y:]e t 8 reply is a       
triumphant "w1 & t he has great         
advantages 9 x ov] me4 ,we %all see     

h]eaft] :e!r x is s4 ,fnelon !reupon    
address$ a lett] to ,bossuet 9 ! foll[+ 
t]ms3 ,may heav5 =bid t ,i %\ld /rive = 
victory ov] any p]son1 lea/ ( all ov] y4
 ,x is n man's victory1 b ,god's glory  
:i* ,i seek2 & happy1 ?rice happy %all  
,i be if t object is secur$1 ?\gh x %\ld
 be att5d$ ) my confusion & ) y\r       
triumph4 ,!re is no occasion1 !re=e1 to 
say1 ',we %all see :o w h ! advantage4' 
,i am ready n[1 )\t wait+ = future      
developm5ts1 to ackn[l$ge t y are my    
sup]ior 9 sci5ce1 9 g5ius1 9 ev]y?+ t   
usually comm&s att5tion4 ,& 9 respect to
 ! controv]sy betwe5 u1 !re is no?+ :i* 
,i wi% m ?an to be vanqui%$ by y if !   
positions :i* ,i take are wrong4 ,two   
?+s only d ,i desire--tru? & peace2 tru?
 :i* may enlight51 & peace :i* may unite
 u4  ,! two combatants put =? all _!    
/r5g?1 & ! conflict attract$ ! eyes (   
all ,europe4 ,book foll[$ book 9 close &
 quick succession on bo? sides4 ,ea* ( !
 antagoni/s %[$ a ?or\gh ma/]y ( !      
subject1 & ex]t$ himself to ! utmo/1    

/imulat$ by ! importance ( ! /ruggle & !
 l>ge issues at /ake1 n only ( a p]sonal
 nature b ( a g5]al "*4 ,! :ole ,*ri/ian
 _w look$ on ) deep int]e/4  ,! *ief    
doctr9e t ,fnelon set himself to def5d  
is summ>iz$ by ,upham 9 ! foll[+ ?ree   
propositions3 ,fir/1 ! provisions ( !   
,gospel are su* t m5 may ga9 ! entire   
victory ov] _! s9ful prop5sities1 & may 
live 9 con/ant & accept$ communion )    
,god2 second1 p]sons are 9 ?is /ate :5  
!y love ,god ) all _! he>t2 9 o!r words1
 ) pure or unselfi% love2 ?ird1 !re h   
be5 in/ances ( ,*ri/ians1 ?\gh probably 
few 9 numb]1 :o1 s f> z c be decid$ by  
man's imp]fect judgm5t1 h rea*$ ?is     
/ate1 & x is ! duty ( all1 enc\rag$ by !
 ample provision :i* is made1 to /rive  
to atta9 to x4 ,b ! ma9 issue 0 spe$ily 
confus$ ) an abundance ( side que/ions1 
p>ticul> s5t5ces & p>ts ( s5t5ces be+   
pick$ out = attack1 mu* space be+ tak51 
z 9 all su* cases1 ) m]ely v]bal        
criticisms f\nd$ on misconceptions or on
 ! necess>y imp]fection ( language4 ,!  

celebrat$ ,leibnitz rem>k$ t1 be=e ! w> 
( words betwe5 ,bossuet & ,fnelon began1
 ! prelates %\ld h agre$ on a def9ition 
( ! ^w love1 & t su* a def9ition might h
 prev5t$ ! dispute4 ,! wor/ ?+ 0 t      
,bossuet1 driv5 to extremities by !     
tr\ble he f\nd 9 mak+ headway           
!ologically & fe>+ defeat1 desc5d$ to a 
p]sonal attack on ,fnelon's "*1 ins9uat+
 ?+s :i* he _h n ! audacity to /ate     
pla9ly or ! facts to sub/antiate4 ,?is1 
( c\rse1 react$4 ,= ,fnelon--aga9/ 8 own
 wi%es1 b be+ %[n ! necessity ( x by 8  
fri5ds--wrote a m>vel\s reply1 ( :i*    
,*>les ,butl]1 "o ( 8 biograph]s1 & by  
no means a p>tisan "o1 says3 ,a nobl]   
effusion ( ! indignation ( insult$      
virtue & g5ius1 eloqu5ce has nev]       
produc$4 ,9 ! v fir/ l9es ( x ,fnelon   
plac$ himself above 8 antagoni/1 & to ! 
la/ pres]ves 8 elevation4 ,nev] did     
g5ius & virtue obta9 a m complete       
triumph4 ,fnelon's reply1 by a k9d (    
en*antm5t1 re/or$ to him e he>t4 ,cru%$ 
by ! /rong arm ( p[]1 ab&on$ by !       

multitude1 !re 0 no?+ to :i* he c\ld    
look b 8 own p[]s4 ,oblig$ to fight = 8 
honor1 x 0 necess>y = him1 if he did n  
cons5t to s9k "u ! accusation1 to assume
 a port /ill m impos+ ?an t ( 8 mighty  
antagoni/4 ,mu* _h be5 expect$ f him2 b 
none suppos$ t he w\ld raise himself to 
s prodigi\s a height z w\ld n only repel
 ! attack ( 8 antagoni/ b entirely r$uce
 him to ! def5sive4  ,x 0 se5 at an e>ly
 p]iod ( ! controv]sy t !re 0 no        
probability ( its be+ settl$ by any     
tribunal %ort ( t ( ! pope himself4     
,fnelon1 see+ ! unscrupul\s1 p[]ful =ces
 t 7 array$ aga9/ him 9 ,p>is1 appli$ to
 ! k+ 9 ,july1 #afig1 = p]mission to g  
to ,rome "u any re/rictions ,8 ,maje/y  
might ?9k appropriate4 ,?is ! mon>*     
absolutely refus$1 kn[+ well1 no d\bt1 t
 ! p]sonal *>m ( ! sa9tly disputant w\ld
 be likely to c>ry ev]y?+ be=e x4 ,he   
w\ld only p]mit him to s5d ag5ts !re to 
act 9 8 behalf4 ,fnelon himself he      
curtly ord]$ to proce$ imm$iately to 8  
diocese1 to rema9 !re1 & n to /op 9     

,p>is on ! way any long] ?an 8 affairs  
made 8 /ay absolutely necess>y4 ,fnelon 
receiv$ ?is undes]v$ s5t5ce ( bani%m5t1 
v r\ghly c\*$1 ) 8 cu/om>y calmness &   
submission4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ! city he    
/opp$ be=e ! sem9>y ( ,/4 ,sulpice1 :]e 
he _h sp5t s _m happy h\rs1 & :i* he 0  
nev] to see aga92 b he =bore f ent]+ !  
h\se le/ 8 %[+ a reg>d = x might expose 
its inhabitants to ,8 ,maje/y's         
displeasure4 ,! k+1 ) 8 own h&s1 "s "t  
aft] ?is1 cross$ (f ,fnelon's "n f ! li/
 ( c\rt (ficials1 & also dismiss$ f     
s]vice e "o connect$ ) him1 save only ! 
,abb ,fleury1 :o1 ?\gh a devot$ fri5d ( 
! ar*bi%op1 _h nev] tak5 any "p 9 !     
excit+ topics ( ! day4 ,b ! re/ :o _h   
be5 employ$ ab\t ! ,duke ( ,burgundy =  
n9e ye>s1 n blamelessly alone b h[      
successfully 8 alt]$ "* & advanc$       
education c\ld %[1 7 rudely s5t (f )\t  
any ackn[l$gm5t :atev] ( _! valuable    
s]vices1 )\t ev5 a civil ^w or a p5ny ( 
rew>d4  ,& h[ w5t matt]s at ,rome8 ,!   
,abb de ,*ant]ac1 an intimate fri5d &   

relation1 ( highe/ probity & piety1 0   
,fnelon's ag5t !re4 ,! ,abb ,bossuet1 a 
nephew ( ! bi%op1 a vulg>1 blu/]+1      
unscrupul\s fell[1 ) a mo/ viol5t1      
intemp]ate _s1 fitly repres5t$ ! int]e/s
 ( 8 uncle4 ,! pope1 ,innoc5t ,,xii1 a  
man ( a b5evol5t & equitable temp]1 f\nd
 8 position a v difficult "o1 some:at   
simil> to t ( ,pilate at ! trial (      
,jesus4 ,8 sympa?ies 7 :olly ) ,fnelon1 
& !re is no d\bt t he w\ld gladly h giv5
 a v]dict 9 8 favor1 or dismiss$ ! :ole 
matt]1 c\ld he h done s )\t mortally    
(f5d+ ! k+4 ,he _h at fir/ hop$ t !     
bus9ess might be settl$ 9 ,france by    
mild & conciliatory measures1 & _h      
express$ ?is wi% to ,l\is2 b ! sugge/ion
 0 entirely unavail+4 ,s he 0 oblig$ to 
take up ! v unpleasant task4 ,he appo9t$
 a commission ( t5 p]sons call$         
,consult]s to give a ?or\gh exam9ation (
 ,fnelon's books4 ,b aft] sixty-f\r     
successive & protract$ sitt+s ( six or  
sev5 h\rs ea*1 at _m ( :i* ! pope       
himself assi/$1 !y f\nd !mselves s ev5ly

 divid$ 9 relation to x t no            
satisfactory result c\ld reasonably be  
expect$ f ! cont9uance ( _!             
delib]ations4 ,! pope accord+ly select$ 
a commission ( c>d9als to pron\nce ^u ! 
matt]2 b aft] twelve sitt+s !y 7 unable 
to come to any conclusion1 & 7 dissolv$4
 ,next a new congregation ( c>d9als 7   
select$1 & met 9 consultation no less   
?an fifty-two times )\t gett+ on v f>4  
,! long delays & ! hesitation %[n at    
,rome to condemn ,fnelon 7 utt]ly       
unexpect$ by ei!r ,bossuet or ! k+1 &   
made !m furi\s4 ,con/antly increas+     
pressure 0 br\ght to be> f ,p>is to     
secure ! result pleas+ to ! mon>*4  ,at 
! v beg9n+1 9 ,july1 #afig1 ! k+1 by    
,bossuet's in/igation1 wrote an urg5t   
lett] to ! pope call+ ^u him spe$ily to 
condemn ,fnelon's book4 ,missive aft]   
missive ( simil> purport w5t =w>d1 & all
 ! arts ( diplomacy1 all ! influ5ces :i*
 ,l\is c\ld 9 any way ex]t1 7 unblu%+ly 
employ$ = ,fnelon's ov]?r[4 ,affairs at 
,rome1 inde$1 be=e long involv$ !mselves

 into a p]fect tangle ( *ican]y &       
intrigue1 c>d9al aga9/ c>d9al1          
ambassador aga9/ ambassador4 ,o!r c\rts 
besides t ( ,france took a h&4 ,!       
imp]ial ambassador work$ h>d = ,fnelon2 
! ,spani% m9i/] 0 zeal\s on ! o!r side2 
& a small] pot5tate1 ,cosmo1 ,gr& ,duke 
( ,tuscany1 a dabbl] 9 !ology1 ?rew 8   
weight 9 ! latt] direction4 ,! poor pope
 0 viol5tly pull$1 n[ ?is way1 n[ t4 ,he
 greatly lik$ ,fnelon1 admir+ 8         
beautiful _s & appreciat+ 8 loyal       
atta*m5t to ! ,holy ,see4 ,he res5t$ !  
disgraceful attempt to br[beat him on ! 
"p ( ! desp]ate k+ & ! ,bi%op ( ,meaux1 
a pragmatical1 pugnaci\s bully4 ,he c\ld
 sc>cely see any way ( c5sur+ any (     
,fnelon's propositions )\t c5sur+ also  
o!r writ]s ( ! same sort1 l ,/4 ,b]n>d &
 ,/4 ,francis ( ,sales1 :om ! ,*ur* _h  
delight$ to honor4 ,x seem$ to him also1
 z 0 inde$ ! case1 almo/ if n q :olly a 
dispute ab\t words4 ,z to a habitual    
/ate ( dis9t]e/$ ,div9e love1 ! atta9m5t
 ( :i* 0 said to be inculcat$ 9         

,fnelon's writ+s1 ,fnelon himself       
uni=mly decl>$ 8 op9ion t a p]man5t /ate
 ( ,div9e love1 )\t hope & )\t fe>1 0   
above ! lot ( man4 ,& ,bossuet himself  
all[$ t !re might be mom5ts :5 ! s\l1   
d$icat$ to ! love ( ,god1 w\ld be lo/ 9 
heav5ly contemplation1 & !n love & adore
 )\t be+ influ5c$ by ei!r hope or fe>1  
or be+ s5sible ( ei!r4 ,_! real gr\nd ( 
diff]5ce 01 aft] all1 v small1 & !re 0  
mu* to be said on bo? sides4 ,&1 "u all 
^! circum/ances1 x is sc>cely surpris+ t
 x took s long to rea* a decision4  ,x 0
 po/pon$ f mon? to mon? 9 ! hope t "s   
*ance--! dea? ( ! k+ or (               
,bossuet--might relieve ! pressure1 &   
all[ ! papal consci5ce its rights z     
aga9/ ! papal policy4 ,z late z ! autumn
 ( #afih1 a :ole ye> aft] ! conf]5ce ( !
 t5 ,consult]s began1 five ( !m p]si/$1 
9 defiance ( e pressure t c\ld be br\ght
 to be> ^u !m1 9 pron\nc+ ! book to be  
absolutely or?odox1 & s proce$+s _h to  
be begun aga94 ,! real issue ( ! /ruggle
 _h probably nev] be5 d\btful 9 case !  

,fr5* c\rt insi/$4 ,=1 z ! c>d9als said3
 ,x w n d to fire great guns at ! k+4   
,rome's wise/ c\rse dem&s ( h] to yield 
to him :atev] may be yield$ )\t w\nd+ ! 
fir/ pr9ciples ( religion4 ,x is        
absolutely c]ta9 t1 b = ?is unseemly    
influ5ce1 ! decision w\ld h be5 9       
,fnelon's favor4 ,z x 01 ! pope & 8     
advis]s /ruggl$ h>d to wriggle out ( _! 
dilemma ) z little viol5ce to _! feel+s 
& _! honor z !y c\ld4 ,aft] x 0 settl$ t
 !y mu/ 9 "s way give ! decision z ! k+ 
s imp]atively dem&$1 !re 7 a great _m   
meet+s ( ! ,conclave to decide on !     
precise =m x %\ld take4 ,?is requir$    
mon?s ( wrangl+ & debate4 ,x 0 at fir/  
int5d$ to issue a simple brief1 di/9ctly
 affirm+ t ,8 ,hol9ess did n int5d to   
condemn ! au?or's explanations ( 8 book1
 b giv+ "s g5]al disapproval ( c]ta9    
inf]5ces drawn f x1 & ass]t+ ! ,*ur*'s  
true doctr9e z oppos$ to ! ,quieti/s1   
)\t ca/+ any blame on ! ,ar*bi%op (     
,cambrai4 ,?is w\ld h be5 done _h n     
,bossuet's ag5ts at ,rome1 assi/$ by !  

,c>d9al ,cassanata1 a man ( mo/ imp]i\s 
w & ov]be>+ temp]1 ex]t$ !mselves to !  
utmo/1 =tifi$ by fre% lett]s f ! k+     
dictat$ by ,bossuet1 insi/+1 ) h>dly    
veil$ ?reats ( ! direful consequ5ces t  
w\ld ensue f disob$i5ce1 t ! decision be
 cle>1 precise1 capable ( no            
mis9t]pretation1 su* z is necess>y to   
remove all d\bt ) reg>d to doctr9e &    
eradicate ! v root ( ! evil4 ,?us badg]$
 & driv5 & t]rifi$1 !re seem$ to be no?+
 to d b submit2 s at l5g?1 on ! #ab? (  
,m>*1 ! :ole ,sacr$ ,college 0 assembl$ 
at ! palace ( ,monte ,cavallo1 :]e !    
decree 0 accept$ by ! :ole body (       
c>d9als1 sign$ by ! pope 9 _! pres5ce1 &
 imm$iately po/$ 9 all ! pr9cipal public
 places ( ,rome4  ,! book itself1       
/rictly speak+1 0 n condemn$1 b only    
tw5ty-?ree propositions :i* purport$ to 
be extract$ f x4 ,! pope took pa9s to   
say1 & to h x cle>ly und]/ood1 t !y 7   
condemn$1 n 9 ! s5se :i* !y might be> or
 9 ! s5se 9 :i* !y 7 expla9$ by ,fnelon 
himself4 ,! propositions 7 said to be   

condemn$ because1 n be+ word$ 9 con=mity
 ) ! au?or's real int5tions1 !y might   
ins5sibly lead ! fai?ful to errors      
already condemn$ by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2   
because !y conta9$ words :i*1 9 ! s5se t
 m imm$iately pres5t$ itself 7 ra%1     
ill-s\nd+1 (f5sive to pi\s e>s1 &       
errone\s4 ,! c>d9als refus$ to associate
 ! "n ( h]etic1 or ( any?+ resembl+     
h]esy1 ) ,fnelon--8 "n1 inde$1 0 n once 
m5tion$ 9 ! brief--& !y absolutely      
reject$ ! usual app5dage to a brief (   
condemnation1 an ord] = ! book to be    
burn$4 ,v little 0 really decid$4 ,!    
words 7 v g5tle1 & 9 important ways     
noncommittal4 ,dis9t]e/$ness 9 ! l>g]   
s5se 0 nei!r ass]t$ nor d5i$2 all t 0   
done 0 to prune ,fnelon's sy/em ( :at   
might be consid]$ its extravagances4 ,9 
pron\nc+1 on ! :ole1 aga9/ ! ,maxims1   
,rome _h n really decl>$ = ,bossuet4    
,fnelon c\ld lawfully tell 8 fri5ds t   
dis9t]e/$ness 0 n condemn$1 b only its  
exagg]at$ /atem5t2 self-int]e/ _h n be5 
made an ess5tial condition ( our love ( 

,god1--x 0 /ill possible to love ,him = 
,himself1 provid$ t hope & desire (     
heav5 7 n habitually ( set purpose      
exclud$4 ,all ?is soo!d ! sorr[s ( !    
fri5ds ( ,fnelon's1 z x 0 design$ to d1 
& consid]ably mortifi$ 8 enemies1 :i*   
mortification 0 increas$ by a bon mot ( 
! pope1 :i* 0 soon 9 e m\?1 t ,fnelon 0 
9 fault = too great love ( ,god2 & 8    
enemies equally 9 fault = too little    
love ( _! neighbor4 ,! pope1 inde$1 _h  
repeat$ly call$ ,fnelon a v great       
ar*bi%op1 mo/ pi\s1 mo/ holy1 mo/ le>n$2
 & he gave to ! ,abb de ,*ant]ac e      
indication ( ! extreme reluctance ) :i* 
he mov$ 9 ! matt]4  ,x 01 on ! :ole1 a v
 b>r5 victory = ,bossuet2 b he accept$ x
 r ?an run any fur!r risk 9 !           
long-drawn-out conte/1 ( :i* all p>ties 
7 ?or\ghly we>y4 ,x _h co/ him de> 9 bo?
 reputation & "*4 ,no "o n[1 h[ev] small
 8 admiration = ,fnelon1 attempts to    
def5d ! /eps :i* ,bossuet took or !     
di%onorable means to :i* 9 8 desp]ation 
he resort$ to compass 8 end4 ,he cont5d$

 n lawfully1 & des]ves no cr[n4 ,he %[$ 
an irritation1 rancor1 bitt]ness1 &     
malignity mo/ lam5table2 us$ invective1 
artifice1 & g>bl$ quotations2 sulli$    
himself =ev] by ! c\rse he took4 ,)     
brutal irony & savage h>%ness he        
hector$1 ?reat5$1 plott$1 violat$       
confid5ces1 & made accusations z base z 
!y 7 reckless4 ,he us$ )\t scruple      
secret writ+s :i* he _h receiv$ f       
,madame ,guyon1 private lett]s writt5 to
 him by ,fnelon dur+ _! e>ly intimacy1 &
 a lett] :i*1 "u ! seal ( fri5d%ip1     
,fnelon _h writt5 to ,madame de         
,ma9t5on1 & :i* 9 ?is try+ h\r %e       
unfeel+ly communicat$ to ,bossuet1 hav+ 
entirely *ang$ 9 h] attitude t[>d him   
s9ce ! k+'s animosity 0 evid5t4         
,bossuet's p]sonal *>ges aga9/ 8 amiable
 & e/imable adv]s>y1 n believ$ by any   
"o1 %[$ ! innate smallness ( 8 nature1 !
 desp]ate /rait to :i* he 0 driv51 & !  
degree to :i* he _h let jeal\sy &       
rivalry ( "o great] ?an he take         
possession ( 8 bosom4 ,t he himself 0 ( 

plebeian bir?--a b> :i* kept him f !    
goal ( 8 ambition 9 ! c>d9alate--:ile   
,fnelon 0 ( ! patricians1 _h d\btless   
some?+ to d ) x4 ,he squ&]$ 8 wan+ p[]s 
on a controv]sy :i* add$ no lu/] to 8   
reputation1 & br\ght him no ne>] to !   
summit ( 8 desires4 ,too late he realiz$
 t x 0 impossible to ru9 su* a man z    
,fnelon 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o _h le>n$ to    
love him4 ,he might be bani%$ f !       
,vatican & f ,v]sailles1 sil5c$ by !    
pope1 & disgrac$ by ! k+1 b he 0 *]i%$  
none ! less 9 ! he>ts ( ! dev\t1 idoliz$
 & ador$ z an oracle ( piety & virtue4  
,fnelon 0 n once betray$ into abuse or  
sl&] ?r\gh\t ! /ruggle 9 :i* he _h s mu*
 at /ake4 ,no unk9d ^w respect+ any ( 8 
p]secutors escap$ him4 ,he cont9ually   
exhibit$ wond]ful g5tl5ess & dignity1   
elevat$ self-respect1 ! urbanity ( a    
ref9$ g5tleman1 & ! grace ( an exalt$   
,*ri/ian4 ,8 /yle 0 =cible & effective1 
b ) no mixture ( s>casm4 ,po/]ity has   
done him ju/ice2 has affirm$ t ?r\gh\t  
?is conte/ no /a9 re/s ^u 8 moral "*1 & 

t he 0 absolutely s9c]e :5 he said1 ,i  
ask ,god to grant ,m4 de ,meaux z _m    
bless+s z he has heap$ crosses ^u me2   
curses1 he might h said4 ,all ?is :ile 8
 enemies 7 us+ e means to hunt him d[n l
 a wild bea/2 ?is 0 ! expression !y us$4
 ,nev] once1 says a p]son :o has        
?or\ghly exam9$ ! entire correspond5ce1 
9 ! mass ( lett]s t ,fnelon s5t to 8    
confid5tial ag5t at ,rome1 d we come    
across a mean or unju/ expression2 !re  
is n "o lett] t "o feels incl9$ to wi%  
_h n be5 kept = ! sake ( ! writ]4 ,z    
attack aft] attack desc5ds ^u him1      
int5d$ to humiliate & cru%1 he rises    
above x1 great] & nobl]1 m fai?ful 9    
foll[+ 8 ,ma/]'s foot/eps ?an ev]4 ,he  
cont9ually implor$ ! pope to /op !      
endless w> ( pamphlets :i* 0 do+ s mu*  
h>m to ! cause ( religion & ! ,*ur*4 ,x 
0 ) ! greate/ reluctance t he 0 =c$ into
 ! fight4 ,"u ! grosse/ ( libels he w\ld
 h rema9$ sil5t _h 8 fri5ds cons5t$4 ,b 
he 0 compell$ by ! actions ( 8 adv]s>ies
 to speak out sometimes ) great vigor4  

,& he _h to obey ! voice ( 8 consci5ce &
 ! dictates ( *ivalry1 be+ ?or\ghly     
indignant at ! unju/ treatm5t accord$ to
 8 fri5d1 ,madame ,guyon4 ,8 grief at ! 
rupture ( ! bond betwe5 him & ,bossuet 0
 deep & s9c]e4 ,he wrote1 ,god alone    
kn[s :at pa9 x is to me to give pa9 to  
"o = :om1 9 all ! _w1 ,i h ! mo/        
atta*m5t & respect4 ,he wrote ?is ev5 :5
 he 0 def5d+ himself f ! mo/ virul5t    
attacks2 & he w\ld n h call$ ,god to    
witness to a pr(ession t 0 n absolutely 
true4 ,by 8 c&or & simplicity1 8 op5ness
 & g5tl5ess1 ! beauty ( 8 g5ius1 & !    
reputation ( 8 virtue1 he comm&$ ! wide/
 possible respect f all :o 7 capable (  
appreciat+ ^! ?+s4 ,8 *all5ge to 8      
malign]s rang out )\t ambiguity3 ,i fe> 
no?+1 ?ank ,god1 t w be communicat$ &   
exam9$ judicially4 ,i fe> no?+ b vague  
report & unexam9$ allegation4  ,fnelon1 
:5 ! decision at ,rome 0 communicat$ to 
him1 act$ z 8 fri5ds _h expect$1 al?\gh 
"s ( !m _h h>dly d>$ hope t ev5 he c\ld 
rise s magnific5tly to ! occasion4 ,he  

accept$1 simply1 s9c]ely1 sweetly1 ) no 
res]vation or concealm5t or             
half-he>t$ness1 :at he reg>d$ z1 "u !   
circum/ances1 ! voice ( ,god4 ,8 bro!r1 
! ,compte de ,fnelon1 he>d ! tid+s fir/ 
9 ,p>is1 & />t$ in/antly = ,cambrai1    
?9k+ t ! reception ( ! news ?r\gh a     
k9dly *annel might at lea/ light5       
some:at ! bl[4 ,he arriv$ on ! ,fe/ival 
( ! ,annunciation1 j z ! ar*bi%op 0 ab\t
 to prea* 9 ! ca!dral4 ,h[ev] ke5ly he  
felt ! bl[--& he 01 ( c\rse1 human--he 0
 n disconc]t$1 or ca/ d[n1 or p]plex$4  
,paus+ a little to arrange 8 ?\ghts1 he 
?rew aside 8 int5d$ s]mon1 & prea*$ on !
 duty ( absolute submission to au?ority4
 ,! congregation1 among :om ! news 0    
already :isp]$1 0 mo/ pr(\ndly impress$ 
) ! calm dignity1 ! noble simplicity (  
_! belov$ *ief pa/or2 & ! eyes ( mo/    
ov]fl[$ ) te>s ( admiration1 affection1 
grief1 & respect z !y li/5$ to 8        
he>tfelt words4  ,he 0 n a little       
h>ass$1 z ! days w5t on1 by "s zeal\s1  
well-mean+ folk1 :o fe>$ t he might n d 

! be/ ?+1 & wrote him long exhortations 
to submit1 tell+ him ( ! glory he w\ld  
f9d 9 su* humiliation & ! h]oism he w\ld
 a*ieve4 ,he wrote to ,beauvilli]s3 ,all
 ?is we>ies me some:at2 & ,i am dispos$ 
to say to myself1 ,:at h ,i done to all 
^! p t !y ?9k ,i %all f9d x s difficult 
to pref] ! au?ority ( ! ,holy ,see to my
 own dim k1 or ! peace ( ! ,*ur* to my  
own book8 ,h[ev]1 ,i am well aw>e !y are
 "r 9 attribut+ l>ge imp]fections to me 
& mu* %r9k+ f an act ( humiliation2     
!re=e ,i c easily =give !m4 ,he wrote3  
,d\btless x co/s "o some?+ to humble    
"o's self2 b ! lea/ resi/ance to ! ,holy
 ,see w\ld co/ me a hundr$-fold m1 & ,i 
mu/ confess t ,i c see no room =        
hesitation 9 ! matt]4 ,"o may suff]1 b  
"o c n h a mom5t's d\bt4 ,he also said3 
,amid ^! tr\bles ,i h ! com=t1 little   
appreciat$ by ! _w1 b v satisfactory to 
^? :o seek ,god he>tily1 namely1 t my   
c\rse is cle>1 & ,i h no?+ to hesitate  
ab\t4  ,8 enemies s\ght 9 va9 to f9d a  
flaw 9 8 submission4 ,"o ( 8 foll[]s    

wrote3 ,y\r conduct is a liv+           
exemplification ( ! maxims ( ! sa9ts2 z 
inde$ x 04 ,! dignifi$ humility ) :i* he
 met mis=tune gave him add$ reputation4 
,he s5t out a pa/oral lett]1 %ort &     
affect+1 :i* com=t$ 8 fri5ds & afflict$ 
8 enemies1 falsify+ e pr$iction :i* !y  
_h made ( ! nice subtleties & di/9ctions
 ) :i* he w\ld seek to disguise 8       
defeat4 ,8 lett]s at ?is "t brea!d 9 all
 cases ! mo/ amiable _s ( peace &       
resignation4 ,b 9 g5]al he decl9$ all   
writ+ & disc\rse on ! subject1 & at an  
e>ly mom5t dismiss$ ! controv]sy z f> z 
possible f 8 ?\ghts4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,*>tres
 wrote to ,fnelon t he 0 delight$ ) 8   
p]fect submission3 ,i h no words to     
express h[ my he>t is affect$ ) y\r     
humble & g5]\s action4 ,! pope wrote mo/
 k9dly1 & all ! c>d9als1 except         
,cassanata1 s5t messages to ,fnelon by !
 ,abb de ,*ant]ac1 convey+ _! respect & 
atta*m5t4 ,x is impossible1 wrote ! abb1
 to praise m ?an !y did y\r submission1 
y\r pa/oral lett]1 y\r lett]s to ! pope1

 & ! :ole ( y\r conduct4 ,z "o em95t    
p]son wrote f ,rome1 ,he 0 m glori\s ?an
 if he _h nev] be5 condemn$4 ,!         
,*ancellor d',aguesseau writes t        
,fnelon's submission made him ! h]o ( ! 
day4 ,x /&s ! solit>y example 9 hi/ory (
 a controv]sy ^u a po9t ( su* mom5t :i* 
"o s+le s5t5ce t]m9at$ at ! in/ant1 )\t 
its reproduction 9 any o!r =m1 )\t any  
attempt to rev]se x by p[] or elude x by
 di/9ctions4 ,! glory ( x is due to     
,fnelon1 :o 0 able to see t a v great   
desire to ju/ify "o's self (t5 does m   
h>m ?an good1 & t ! sure/ way to        
oblit]ate wrongs unju/ly imput$ is to   
let !m be =gott5 & die out 9 sil5ce4    
,fnelon said1 ,9 all ?is1 s f> f ref]r+ 
x to my oppon5ts1 ,i see no human ag5t2 
,i see ,god only1 & ,i am cont5t to     
accept :at ,he does4 ,9 ! "n ( ,god1 he 
writes to a fri5d1 speak to me only (   
,god1 & leave m5 to judge ( me z !y l4  
,z = me1 ,i %all seek only peace &      
sil5ce4 ,he _h no res5tm5t t[>d any "o2 
b he /eadily refus$1 ) prop] dignity &  

uncompromis+ adh]5ce to ! "r1 to utt] "o
 syllable :i* c\ld be p]v]t$ into a     
semblance ( retraction4 ,he said t s9ce 
! head ( ! ,*ur*1 ) its sup]ior light & 
au?ority1 _h s judg$1 he mu/ believe    
himself to h insuffici5tly expla9$ 8    
mean+1 b he decl>$1 9 ju/ice to himself1
 t he nev] und]/ood ! text1 or suppos$  
any "o else c\ld und]/& x1 save 9 ! sole
 s5se :i* he _h himself assign$ to x4   
,:ile ready at all times to meet 8      
oppon5ts 9 ! humble/ & mo/ peaceful _s1 
z he decl>$1 he decl9$ to ent] into any 
negotiations t w\ld imply a yield+ ( :at
 conc]n$ 8 consci5ce or 8 s5se ( tru? 9 
ord] to w9 !m4 ,he ceas$ to write &     
conv]se ^u ! subject f ?is "t4 ,b 9 !   
dis*>ge ( 8 duties among 8 own p & 9 8  
correspond5ce1 he nev] ceas$ to         
inculcate ! doctr9e ( pure love4 ,he    
?\ght x 8 duty to avoid c]ta9 =ms (     
expression1 & c]ta9 illu/rations :i* _h 
be5 specifically condemn$ 9 ! ,papal    
,decree1 & :i* 7 liable to be           
misconceiv$1 b he w5t no fur!r4 ,h[ c\ld

 he8 ,nor d we f9d t room to wond]1 :i* 
"s h done1 at ! he>t9ess & promptness ( 
8 submission to :at he d\btless felt 01 
f a human po9t ( view1 unju/4 ,he refus$
 to conf9e himself to ! human po9t (    
view4 ,he held1 ) ,g5]al ,*>les ,george 
,gordon1 & _m o!rs 9 our own day1 t1    
h[ev] we may rightly /ruggle to alt]    
ev5ts :ile !y are 9 ! process ( =mation1
 :5 once !y h come to pass !y regi/] a  
decree ( ! ,almighty1 & any reluctance  
to receive !m is rebellion aga9/ ,him1  
some?+ n to be ?\ght ( by a truly loyal 
he>t4 ,?is !ory & practice made e>? to  
him v heav5ly1 & life a triumphant m>*4 
,,*apt] ,,vi4                           
,,! ,,good ,,ar*bi%op4   ,x is n[ our   
privilege to bid f>ewell to ! noise (   
battle1 & look at ! good ar*bi%op 9 !   
peaceful retirem5t ( 8 great diocese1   
:]e1 z all admit1 8 episcopal duties 7  
p]fectly p]=m$4 ,ev5 ! mo/ capti\s c>p]s
 & cavil]s at ,fnelon1 :o c see little  
or no good 9 any o!r "p ( 8 life & try  
h>d to f9d "s unwor?y motive at ! bottom

 ( ! acts t seem s fair1 are sore put to
 x1 :5 !y come to ?is portion1 to )hold 
a me$ ( he>ty praise4 ,!y are =c$ to    
admit t 8 mis=tunes h help$ 8 "*1 & t he
 %9es =? ) a lu/] r>ely1 if ev]1 equal$4
 ,:at he w\ld h become spiritually _h ! 
_w cont9u$ to smile ^u him is1 ( c\rse1 
unkn[n4 ,_h ,l\is ,,xiv di$ & ! ,duke ( 
,burgundy come to ! ?rone1 ,fnelon w\ld 
und\bt$ly h rea*$ ! c>d9alate = :i* 8   
bir? & abilities s well fitt$ him1 &    
might ev5 h gone high]4 ,b x is n likely
 t1 9 ! vitiat$ atmosph]e ( ! c\rt1 &   
surr\nd$ by ! temptations inevitably    
await+ on uncl\d$ success1 8 "* c\ld h  
develop$ z x did 9 affliction4 ,"s      
measure ( adv]sity seems to be ess5tial 
to br+ out ! be/ !re is 9 u4 ,8 c>e] has
 be5 call$ by "s sup]ficial obs]v]s a   
spl5did failure1 b ! words h no mean+   
except 9 ! s5se 9 :i* !y might be us$ ( 
,jesus ( ,naz>e? & a multitude ( o!rs :o
 h /ood = ! highe/ ideals & h di$ nobly 
fight+ aga9/ wrong4 ,fnelon did n falt] 
9 8 c\rse2 he obey$ at eve ! voice obey$

 at prime2 he held to ! end ! supreme   
purpose :i* _h inspir$ 8 e>lie/         
reflections4 ,b 8 ye>s ( exile1 sp5t 9 !
 s+le-he>t$ s]vice ( 8 p1 are a m       
impressive & edify+ conclusion to a life
 begun "u ! auspices ( ,/4 ,sulpice ?an 
if !y _h be5 att5d$ ) all ! glories ( ! 
papal c\rt4 ,8 rev]ses ( =tune gave him 
an admirable opportunity1 magnific5tly  
improv$1 to %[ t 8 high !ories (        
resignation & self-surr5d]1 & a s]5e    
acceptance ( ev]y?+ f ,god's h&1 c\ld "w
 well 9 practice4 ,"u ! /ress ( 8       
tr\bles he ga9$ new dep? & bread? (     
piety1 new self-reliance & self-control1
 l>g] tranquillity1 a m ?or\ghly        
compact$ "*4  ,cambrai1 to :i*1 he 0    
bani%$ 9 #afig1 & :]e he sp5t ! la/     
eighte5 ye>s ( 8 life1 0 a t[n ( no     
great size or beauty1 on ! riv] ,s*eldt1
 9 ! extreme nor?1 ne> ! ,flemi%        
fronti]4 ,x 0 ! ecclesia/ical c5t] ( !  
,flemi% prov9ces :i* 7 conqu]$ dur+ !   
e>ly half ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 &    
confirm$ to ,france by ! treaty (       

,nimweg5 9 #afgh4 ,=m]ly a dep5d5cy ( ! 
*aotic ,empire1 !re /ill clung ar\nd x  
"s ( ! pre/ige ( dep>t$ glories :5 its  
bi%op's jurisdiction ext5d$ ov]         
,brussels1 & he gov]n$ ! t]ritory )     
almo/ ! p[] ( an indep5d5t sov]eign1    
hav+ 8 own =tresses & g>risons & m9t4   
,fnelon himself rank$ bo? z a ,pr9ce ( !
 ,holy ,roman ,empire & z a ,duke (     
,france1 &1 ?\gh possess+ no feudal     
privileges1 he 0 /ill ! pr9cipal l&hold]
 ( ! prov9ce1 ) a float+ rev5ue ( "s    
hundr$ ?\s& francs1 p]haps ab\t a hundr$
 ?\s& doll>s 9 mod]n money4 ,x 0 "o ( ! 
fir/ positions 9 ! k+dom2 b x _h "s     
s]i\s drawbacks1 especially z a place ( 
p]man5t resid5ce4 ,he _h said on receiv+
 ! appo9tm5t1 ,all is vanity & vexation 
( _s2 ,i am ent]+ on a /ate ( p]petual  
s]vitude 9 a /range l&4 ,! p !re 7      
,flem+s1 n ,fr5*m51 9 _! language1 _!   
habits1 _! modes ( ?\ght1 ) little      
ref9em5t ( any k9d1 _! virtues z        
co>se-fib]$ z _! mann]s4 ,x 0 no small  
privation = a man l ,fnelon--born =     

,olympus z x 71 br$ to ! be/ society1 & 
fitt$ to %9e 9 x ) s mu* lu/]1 & 9 a "t 
:51 ev5 m ?an n[1 ev]y?+ c5t]$ ar\nd !  
c\rt at ! capital--to be %ut out f x    
all1 los+ ! sympa?y & fri5d%ip :i* 8    
e>li] ye>s _h br\ght him1 ! daily       
int]c\rse ) m9ds t reflect$ 8 own ?\ghts
 yet inspir$ & exhil>at$ him4 ,= "o 9 ! 
fl[] ( 8 manhood & at ! z5i? ( 8        
capacities1 possess+ ! gift ( language 9
 a m>vel\s degree1 ) a fill$ & cultur$  
bra91 to be ?r[n s absolutely out ( 8   
elem5t1 out ( ! _w ( books &            
intellectual equals1 exil$ to a remote  
corn] ( ! realm amid /rang]s1 0 a       
calamity ^: gravity1 on "o side1 x w\ld 
be wrong to ov]look4 ,8 suff]+s1 z      
nature goes1 mu/ h be5 acute4 ,yet he   
spe$ily adju/$ himself to ! situation1 &
 !re is no note ( rep9+4 ,= m]e c\rt    
favors1 its dignities1 pomps1 &         
pleasures1 he _h no real love1 & 8 :ole 
life be>s witness to ! tru? ( 8 (t5     
repeat$ ass]tions1 t he _h no wi% to    
return to ,p>is or ,v]sailles2 no wi%1 t

 is1 "u ! div9ely appo9t$ circum/ances2 
= he 0 able always to f9d 9 su*         
circum/ances 8 highe/ pleasure4 ,writ+  
to ! ,duke de ,beauvilli]s 9 ,novemb]1  
#afii1 he says3 ,i am sorry1 de> duke1  
to be sep>at$ f y1 ! de> du*ess1 & a v  
few o!r fri5ds4 ,b = all else ,i rejoice
 9 be+ away2 ,i s+ my canticle (        
?anksgiv+ = deliv]ance1 & no?+ w\ld co/ 
me s mu* z to h to return4  ,he by no   
means settl$ d[n into a /ate ( passive  
quietism1 z "s ignorantly prate1 :olly  
misconceiv+ bo? quietism & ! man4 ,!    
slighte/ scann+ ( ! records %[s h[      
beautifully & zeal\sly active 8 la/ ye>s
 74 ,if ev] a man ?rew himself into !   
int]e/s ( o!rs1 or made ! deep love (   
,god1 :i* he brea!d z 8 native air1 take
 lov+ %ape 9 /r5u\s acts1 x 0 ,fnelon4  
,he 0 quiet1 ev5 z 0 ,madame ,guyon1 & z
 all o!r high sa9ts h be51 9 s f> z to  
re/ ) an absolute1 unhesitat+1          
unque/ion+ fai? 9 ,god's keep+1 ask+    
no?+ save t ,8 w might be p]fect$ 9 him2
 b he 0 mo/ active & en]getic 9 body1   

s\l1 & _s = 8 neighbor's good4 ,!       
unremitt+ labors :i* he und]took1 & :i* 
8 va/ diocese if prop]ly adm9i/]$ dem&$1
 involv$ a life ( ! mo/ regul> indu/ry4 
,he gave b a %ort "t to sleep1 & 8 work+
 h\rs began e>ly1 s t he _h done ne>ly a
 day's "w be=e say+ mass4 ,8 habit 0 to 
say ?is 9 8 own *apel1 aft] a long "t   
sp5t previ\sly 9 pray]1 except on       
,saturdays1 :5 he said x 9 ! ca!dral1   
rema9+ !re to he> ! confessions (       
p5it5ts ( any & e class :o *ose to      
pres5t !mselves4 ,he n infrequ5tly      
prea*$ 9 ! ca!dral1 b seems to h pref]r$
 ! t[n *ur*es1 9 "s "o ( :i* he always  
prea*$ ! ,l5t5 disc\rses4 ,he made no   
ef=t at oratory1 aim+ *iefly to be pla9 
& intelligible1 exclud+ f 8 s]mons      
sup]flu\s ornam5ts z well z obscurity & 
difficult reason+s4 ,he prea*$ f ! he>t 
r ?an f ! head1 & g5]ally )\t notes1 b n
 )\t mu* m$itation & pray]4 ,he us$ to  
say1 ,i mu/ sp5d mu* "t 9 my closet 9   
ord] to be prep>$ = ! pulpit1 & to be   
sure t my he>t is fill$ f ! ,div9e      

f\nta9 be=e ,i p\r out ! /reams ^u ! p4 
,he decl>$ aga9/ ! practice ( committ+  
s]mons to writ+ & !n le>n+ !m by he>t4  
,to 8 cl]gy he 0 a fa!r & bro!r 9 ,god1 
ga!r+ !m ab\t him z con/antly z possible
 = in/ruction & inspiration1 mov+ among 
!m ) ! utmo/ wisdom1 correct+1 advis+1  
assi/+4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ c>es 0 ! improvem5t
 ( ! sem9>y = complet+ ! education ( ^? 
:o 7 prep>+ = ! ,*ur*4 ,x _h be5 at     
,val5ci5nes1 b he remov$ x to ,cambrai1 
t x might be "u 8 own eye4 ,x 0 8 great 
desire to recon/ruct x on ! l9es ( !    
sem9>y at ,/4 ,sulpice1 :]e he himself  
_h be5 s pr(it$1 & to intru/ !          
sup]vision ( ! /ud5ts to prie/s :o 7    
memb]s ( t congregation2 b he f\nd      
insup]able ob/acles to ?is s*eme 9 ! fe>
 ( ,m4 ,tronson le/ any direct          
connection betwe5 ,/4 ,sulpice &        
,cambrai might draw d[n ^u ! =m] ! k+'s 
displeasure4 ,s ,fnelon appo9t$ to !    
head ( x 8 intimate fri5d1 ! ,abb de    
,*ant]ac1 =m]ly 8 ag5t at ,rome1 say+1  
,he has ! wit1 ! piety1 & ! wisdom to   

gov]n x peacefully4 ,b ,fnelon devot$   
great p]sonal c>e to ! /ud5ts1 exam9+ !m
 himself1 & endeavor+ to e/imate _!     
individual capacities4 ,besides !       
in/ruction he gave !m dur+ p]iods (     
retreat1 & at ! *ief fe/ivals1 he       
conduct$ conf]5ces once a week1 li/5+ ) 
inf9ite pati5ce to _! difficulties &    
reply+ ) ! k9dness ( a fa!r4 ,no prie/  
proce$$ to ord9ation until he _h be5    
five times exam9$ by ,fnelon himself4 ,9
 %ort1 no pa9s 7 sp>$ to make ! prie/s (
 ?is diocese an example to _! deg5]ate  
colleagues4  ,9 ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( 8
 diocese he conc5trat$ all 8 p[]s1 all[+
 no?+ to escape him1 err+1 if at all1 on
 ! side ( m]cy & tol]ation1 f9d+ x      
difficult to believe _m ( ! *>ges br\ght
 aga9/ 8 cl]gy1 & only conv9c$ by ! mo/ 
conclusive evid5ce4 ,he ab/a9$ f        
unnecess>y acts ( au?ority1 avoid$ all  
unnecess>y display1 remov$ :at 0        
blamable by meekness & mod]ation1       
improv$ ) prud5ce & sobriety :at 0 good4
 ,8 adm9i/ration 0 uni=mly wise1 /rict 9

 "s respects1 & yet on broad & lib]al   
l9es4 ,!re 0 no h>ry+ ( ,prote/ants or  
,jans5i/s1 no bureaucratic fuss9ess1 no 
seek+ aft] popul>ity1 b e man1 great or 
small1 0 treat$ exactly z 0 becom+4     
,betwe5 him & 8 flock1 8 *apt]1 or 8    
cl]gy1 !re 0 no discord4 ,?\gh by 8     
indefatigable zeal he soon made !       
di/rict committ$ to 8 *>ge ! model ( a  
well-regulat$ diocese1 8 biograph]s d n 
record ( him a s+le in/ance ( :at are   
g5]ally call$ acts ( vigor1 or a s+le   
in/ance ( gaudy virtue4 ,! peace ( heav5
 0 ) him1 & 0 communicat$ to all ar\nd4 
,all local cu/oms1 d[n to ! humble/1 7  
h&l$ ) a delicate t\*1 & p>donable      
ecc5tricities ( usage 7 nev] dealt )    
sev]ely4 ,9 ! matt] ( patronage he 0    
c>eful t no outsid]1 & /ill less no     
relative ( 8 own1 %\ld swoop d[n on !   
ri*e/ liv+s & secure by int]e/ :at !    
natives naturally look$ ^u z _! own by  
"r4 ,he travel$ ?r\gh\t ! di/rict1 mak+ 
t\rs ( inspection sev]al times a ye>1 & 
s com+ into t\* ) e corn]1 prea*+ m ?an 

once 9 e "o ( ! six hundr$ p>i%es4  ,!  
laity ador$ him = 8 *>ities1 = ! g5tle  
firmness ( 8 gov]nm5t1 = ! natural grace
 ( mann] t enhanc$ a hundr$-fold ! value
 ( ev]y?+ he said & did4 ,always ready  
to help1 yet always mode/ 9 (f]+        
assi/ance1 he seem$ :5 ab\t "s k9dly    
action to be receiv+ r ?an do+ a favor4 
,he 0 always a p]fect g5tleman1 a       
high-br$ man ( rank1 a model (          
polit5ess1 & 0 equally adapt$ to e grade
 ( society4 ,m5 ( all classes 7 at ease 
9 8 company4 ,he direct$ e "o to !      
subject he be/ und]/ood1 & !n disappe>$ 
himself1 ?us giv+ !m an opportunity to  
produce out ( _! own /ock ! mat]ials !y 
7 mo/ able to furni%4 ,?us e "o p>t$ f  
him well pleas$ ) himself4 ,p]haps no "o
 ev] possess$ 9 a high] degree ! happy  
tal5t ( easy conv]sation4 ,8 m9d 0      
entirely giv5 up to ! p]son ) :om he    
conv]s$4 ,no "o felt 8 sup]iority2 e "o 
f\nd him on 8 own level4 ,9 visits to ! 
sick at home1 to ! hospitals & w\nd$    
soldi]s1 he 0 indefatigable1 nor 0 he a 

/rang] to ! ,cambrai prisons4 ,he w5t   
into ! cottages ( ! poor1 & spoke to !m 
( ,god1 & com=t$ !m "u ! h>d%ips :i* !y 
suff]$4 ,if1 :5 he visit$ !m1 !y pres5t$
 him ) any refre%m5ts 9 _! unpret5d+ &  
unpoli%$ mann]1 he pleas$ !m by seat+   
himself at _! humble table & p>tak+     
*e]fully & ?ankfully ( :at 0 set be=e   
him4  ,v>i\s anecdotes illu/rate 8      
b5evol5ce4 ,9 "o ( 8 rural excursions he
 met ) a peasant 9 great affliction4    
,inquir+ ! cause1 he 0 in=m$ by ! man t 
he _h lo/ 8 c[1 ! only support ( 8      
indig5t family4 ,fnelon attempt$ to     
com=t him1 & gave him money to buy      
ano!r4 ,! peasant %[$ gratitude1 b /ill 
0 sad1 griev+ = ! c[ he _h lo/1 to :i*  
he 0 mu* atta*$4 ,pursu+ 8 walk1 ,fnelon
 f\nd at a consid]able di/ance f ! place
 ( ! int]view ! v c[ :i* 0 ! object ( s 
mu* affection4 ,! sun _h set1 & ! night 
0 d>k1 b ! good ar*bi%op drove h] back  
himself to ! poor man's cottage4  ,9    
,febru>y1 #afig1 be=e ,fnelon _h        
p]man5tly left ,v]sailles1 news came t a

 fire _h burn$ to ! gr\nd !             
ar*iepiscopal palace at ,cambrai1 &     
consum$ _m or all ( 8 books & writ+s4 ,8
 fri5d1 ! ,abb de ,lang]on1 see+ ,fnelon
 conv]s+ at ease ) a numb] ( p]sons1    
suppos$ he _h n he>d ^! unpleasant      
tid+s1 & began ) "s =mality & caution to
 in=m him4 ,b ,fnelon1 p]ceiv+ 8        
solicitude1 int]rupt$ him by say+ t he 0
 fully acqua9t$ ) :at _h happ5$1 add+   
fur!r t1 al?\gh ! loss 0 a v great "o1  
he w\ld mu* r !y 7 burn$ ?an ! cottage (
 a poor peasant4 ,?is has be5 adjudg$ a 
m t\*+ & pi\s rejo9d] ?an t ( ! lit]>y  
man ^: libr>y 0 de/roy$ by fire & :o    
repli$ to ! tid+s1 ,i %\ld h pr(it$     
little by my books if !y _h n taught me 
h[ to be> ! loss ( !m4 ,fnelon 0 taught 
compassion = m5 & acceptance ( ! ,div9e 
w f a high] s\rce ?an books4 ,at 8 own  
exp5se he rebuilt ! palace & furni%$ x 9
 a suitable /yle ( magnific5ce1 b he did
 n all[ ! arms ( 8 family to be affix$  
or pa9t$ on any "p ( x4  ,! ar*bi%op's  
day 0 v c>efully laid out1 & has be5 q  

m9utely describ$4 ,aft] ! e>ly ris+1 !  
private devotions1 & ! public s]vices1  
he 0 visible until n9e o'clock to ^?    
only :o att5d$ him by appo9tm5t4 ,aft]  
t1 till he d9$1 8 doors 7 op5 to all    
p]sons :o _h bus9ess ) him4 ,noon 0 !   
h\r = d9n]4 ,8 table 0 suitable to 8    
rank1 h&somely dress$1 ) a great v>iety 
& abundance ( good food1 t 8 _m gue/s   
might enjoy !mselves1 b he himself 0    
extremely ab/emi\s1 eat+ only ! simple/ 
& lighte/ vi&s1 & ( !m b sp>+ly4        
,contr>y to ! cu/om ( mo/ prelates1 8   
*apla9s1 secret>ies1 att5dants1 & all   
(fic]s ( ! h\sehold1 sat ) him at ! same
 table1 mak+ a v h>moni\s h\sehold1     
among :om conv]sation 0 briskly c>ri$   
on1 ,fnelon tak+ 8 "p1 b leav+ e "o full
 scope4 ,aft] d9n] all w5t to ! great   
/ate b$*amb]1 :i* 0 v f9ely furni%$1 b 0
 us$ ma9ly z a sitt+-room1 ,fnelon      
himself sleep+ 9 a little room adjo9+1  
furni%$ simply ) "s gray wool5 mat]ials 
& only adorn$ ) a few engrav+s4 ,g5]al  
conv]sation 0 cont9u$ 9 ! l>ge room2 b a

 small table 0 plac$ be=e ,fnelon1 on   
:i* he sign$ 8 "n to pap]s :i* requir$  
imm$iate dispat*1 & took opportunity to 
give directions to 8 *apla9s on !       
affairs ( ! diocese4 ,he said grace bo? 
be=e & aft] d9n]4 ,he sp5t ! ev5+ ) ^? t
 7 9 ! h\se1 :oev] !y might be1 supp+ ) 
! p :o happ5$ to be pres5t4 ,supp] 0 at 
n9e4 ,at t5 ! :ole ( ! h\sehold         
assembl$4 ,"o ( 8 *apla9s read ! night  
pray]s1 & at ! end ( !m ! ar*bi%op rose 
& gave 8 g5]al bless+ to ! company4  ,8 
*ief amusem5t1 :5 he f\nd x necess>y to 
relax a little f 8 ardu\s toils1 0 t (  
walk+ & rid+4 ,he lov$ rural sc5es4 ,!  
c\ntry1 he says 9 "o ( 8 lett]s1        
delights me4 ,9 ! mid/ ( x ,i f9d ,god's
 holy peace4 ,ev]y?+ seem$ to him to be 
full ( inf9ite goodness2 & 8 he>t gl[$ )
 pure/ happ9ess z he escap$ f ! bus9ess 
& c>es :i* necess>ily occupi$ s mu* ( 8 
"t1 into ! air & ! fields1 into ! fl[]s 
& sun%9e1 ( ! great ,creator4  ,_m      
visitors came to him f f> & ne>1        
attract$ by 8 great reputation1 & !     

results ( ! visits 7 always ! same4     
,:atev] ! previ\s s5tim5ts or op9ions1  
or indiff]5t or ho/ile attitude1 all 7  
en*ant$ & mov$ to highe/ admiration4 ,! 
,abb le ,dieu1 ,bossuet's secret>y1 &   
,canon ( ,meaux1 9 ,septemb]1 #agjd1 0 a
 gue/ at ! palace1 & not$ ev]y?+ ) ! mo/
 m9ute & insatiable curiosity4 ,he f\nd 
himself treat$ ) ! utmo/ consid]ation1 &
 giv5 e opportunity to pry into all t   
int]e/$ him1 & came away ) none b words 
( he>ty praise = all he saw4  ,a        
,scot*man1 ,&rew ,ramsay1 sometimes     
call$ ! ,*evali] de ,ramsay1 scion ( an 
old ,scot* family1 exil$ = 8 sympa?y ) !
 ,/u>ts1 sick5$ by _m aspects ( !       
,prote/antism 9 :i* he _h gr[n up1 w&]$ 
ov] all ,holl& & ,g]many1 hop+ to f9d   
re/ amid ! philosoph]s ( ^? c\ntries1 b 
f9d+ x n4 ,9 ?is condition he came to   
,cambrai1 :]e ! ar*bi%op receiv$ him ) 8
 wont$ fa!rly k9dness1 & spe$ily won 8  
he>t4 ,! comb9ation ( spiritual religion
 & practical wisdom :i* he f\nd 9       
,fnelon1 ! height ( 8 p]sonal hol9ess1 &

 ! daily-wat*$ beauty ( 8 life1 ev5 m   
?an ! cle> & helpful tea*+s receiv$1    
made s deep an impression oh him t he   
became a conv]t to ! ,roman ,*ur*1 &1   
ev5 :5 p]mitt$ to return to ,engl&1 he  
rema9$ fai?ful to ! doctr9es :i* he _h  
le>n$ at ,cambrai4 ,he cont9u$ !re = _m 
mon?s1 nev] we>y+ ( /udy+ 8 ho/'s m9d & 
s\l1 & ev5tually writ+ ! fir/ life ( him
 ev] publi%$4 ,8 lit]>y p[]s prov$ (    
great value 9 arrang+ ! writ+s ( 8 ma/] 
& def5d+ him f calumny4 ,subsequ5tly    
,ramsay became tea*] to "s ( !          
,pret5d]'s family2 & !re is an int]e/+  
/ory on record tell+ h[ ! fri5d%ip (    
,fnelon /ood him 9 good /ead at ,ox=d "s
 ye>s aft]1 %[+ h[ 9 ,engl& ! good      
ar*bi%op's virtues attract$ highe/ e/eem
 & 8 "n _h m influ5ce ?an ev5 9 ,france 
itself4 ,9 #agcj ,ramsay came to ,engl& 
"u a safe conduct1 & 0 receiv$ z a memb]
 ( ! ,royal ,in/itution on ! /r5g? ( 8  
connection ) ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cambrai4 ,he
 fur!r desir$ to take ! ,doctor's       
,degree at ,ox=d4 ,! ,e>l ( ,arran1 !n  

*ancellor ( ! univ]sity1 propos$ him = t
 honor4 ,opposition arose 9 ,convocation
 on ! d\ble gr\nd t he 0 a ,roman       
,ca?olic & _h be5 a s]vant ( ! ,pret5d]2
 b ! opposition ceas$ :5 ,dr4 ,k+1 head 
( ,/4 ,m>y's ,hall1 obs]v$1 ,i pres5t to
 y a pupil ( ! illu/ri\s ,fnelon1 & ?is 
title is a suffici5t gu>antee to u4     
,ramsay 0 admitt$ to 8 degree by a vote 
( #he to #ag4  ,ano!r ,briti%]1 !       
ecc5tric ,e>l ( ,pet]boro1 9 :om ! h]o1 
skeptic1 & pr(ligate 7 m+l$ 9 ab\t equal
 proportions1 be+ among ! visitors to   
,m>lbor\gh's headqu>t]s 9 ! ,ne!rl&s    
dur+ ! w>1 turn$ aside to ,cambrai to   
make its ma/]'s acqua9tance4 ,he c\ld h 
_h v little sympa?y ) ! sa9tly ,my/ic   
!re1 b he c\ld no m resi/ 8 *>m ?an c\ld
 o!r m54 ,he wrote subsequ5tly to !     
philosoph]1 ,john ,locke1 t ,fnelon 0   
ca/ 9 a p>ticul> mold t 0 nev] us$ =    
anybody else4 ,he is a delici\s         
creature1 b ,i 0 =c$ to cut away f him z
 fa/ z ,i c\ld1 else he w\ld h made me  
pi\s4 ,he is also report$ to h writt5   

:ile !re1 ,on my ^w1 ,i mu/ quit ?is    
place z soon z possible1 = if ,i /ay "h 
ano!r week ,i %all be a ,*ri/ian 9 spite
 ( myself4  ,c\nt ,muni*1 aft]w>ds kn[n 
z ,m>%al ,muni*1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$    
comm&]s 9 ! armies ( ,russia1 :5 "y 0 a 
lieut5ant-colonel 9 ! =ces cont5d+ 9    
,fl&]s4 ,be+ tak5 prison] 9 battle &    
conduct$ to ,cambrai1 he 0 deeply       
affect$ by :at he saw ( ! peaceful m9d &
 truly ,*ri/ian g5]osity ( ,fnelon4 ,9  
all ! vicissitudes ( 8 aft] life1 9 c\rt
 & camp1 he delight$ to ! v end ( 8     
/ormy c>e] to rememb] ! happy days :i*  
he pass$ z a prison] or w>d 9 ! society 
( ,fnelon4 ,he f\nd ! rec\nt+ ( ! ?+s he
 _h witness$ at ,cambrai a help 9 soo?+ 
! agitations ( 8 own wild & turbul5t _s 
& a means ( p]man5t in/ruction 9        
righte\sness4  ,! celebrat$ ,c>d9al     
,quir9i1 ^: life 0 devot$ to le>n$      
rese>*es & useful /udies1 & :o visit$   
all p>ts ( ,europe 9 ! prosecution (    
lit]>y purposes1 speaks 9 ! foll[+      
language ( 8 int]view ) ,fnelon3 ,i     

consid]$ ,cambrai z "o ( ! pr9cipal     
objects ( my travels 9 ,france4 ,i w n  
hesitate to confess t x 0 t[>d ?is s+le 
spot1 or r t[>ds ! celebrat$ ,fnelon1 :o
 resid$ !re1 t ,i 0 p[]fully attract$4  
,) :at emotions ( t5d]ness ,i /ill      
recall ! g5tle & affect+ famili>ity )   
:i* t great man deign$ to disc\rse ) me1
 & ev5 s\ght my conv]sation2 ?\gh 8     
palace 0 !n cr[d$ ) ,fr5* g5]als &      
comm&]s-9-*ief1 t[>ds :om he display$ ! 
mo/ magnific5t & g5]\s hospitality4 ,i h
 /ill fre% 9 my recollection all ! s]i\s
 & important subjects :i* 7 ! topics (  
our disc\rse4 ,my e> caught ) eag]ness e
 ^w t issu$ f 8 lips4 ,! lett]s :i* he  
wrote me f "t to "t are /ill be=e me2   
lett]s :i* are an evid5ce alike ( !     
wisdom ( 8 pr9ciples & ( ! purity ( 8   
he>t4 ,i pres]ve !m among my pap]s z !  
mo/ preci\s treasure :i* ,i h 9 ! _w4   
,8 enemies1 we are told1 practic$ !     
%ameful artifice ( plac+ ab\t him an    
ecclesia/ic ( high bir? :om he consid]$ 
only z "o ( 8 gr& vic>s1 b :o 0 to act z

 a spy ^u him4 ,! man :o _h cons5t$ to  
take s base an (fice _h1 h[ev]1 !       
magnanimity to puni% himself = x4       
,utt]ly subdu$ by ! purity & g5tl5ess ( 
_s t he witness$ 9 ,fnelon1 he ?rew     
himself at 8 feet & confess$ ! unwor?y  
"p he _h be5 l$ to act1 & )drew f ! _w  
to conceal 9 retirem5t 8 grief & %ame4  
,z w be inf]r$ f ^! incid5ts 8          
hospitality to ^? :o came to him f all  
p>ts ( ,europe1 z well z f ne> by1 0    
unb\nd$4 ,9 spite ( ! urg5cy &          
multiplicity ( 8 employm5ts he 0 always 
ready1 ) ! greate/ k9dness ( feel+1 to  
pay ! utmo/ att5tion to all :o _h !     
slighte/ claim ^u 8 "t4 ,he did n       
hesitate to drop 8 eloqu5t p51 ) :i* he 
conv]s$ ) all ,europe1 :5ev] ,provid5ce 
call$ him to li/5 to ! awkw>d utt]ances 
( ! mo/ ignorant & degrad$ among 8 p4 ,8
 practice & 8 pref]5ce 0 to suff] any   
p]sonal inconv5i5ce1 or sacrifice any   
private int]e/1 r ?an injure ! feel+s ( 
a fell[-man or omit an opportunity (    
usefulness4 ,writ+ to a fri5d ab\t 8    

daily r\t9e he says3 ,i mu/ conf] ) !   
,*apt] on a lawsuit2 ,i mu/ write &     
dispat* lett]s2 ,i mu/ exam9e acc\nts4  
,h[ dre>y w\ld be life made up ( ^!     
p]plexities & details b = ! w ( ,god :i*
 glorifies all ,he has giv5 u to d6 ,?is
 is ! keynote on :i* ,fnelon ton$ & tun$
 8 life at ,cambrai1 mak+ himself !     
s]vant ( all1 m9i/]+ r ?an be+ m9i/]$   
unto1 glory+ 9 ! honor ( su* s]vices1   
fe>ful ( ! outw>d pomps ! ,*ur* conf]r$ 
^u him1 yet accept+ !m 9 all simplicity 
because he fully believ$ ! ,*ur* to be  
direct$ by 8 ,ma/]4  ,i h se5 him1 says 
! ,*evali] ,ramsay1 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le  
day1 conv]se ) ! great & speak _!       
language1 ev] ma9ta9+ ! episcopal       
dignity2 aft]w>ds disc\rse ) ! simple & 
! little1 l a good fa!r in/ruct+ 8      
*ildr54 ,?is sudd5 transition f "o      
extreme to ! o!r1 0 )\t affectation or  
ef=t1 l "o :o1 by ! ext5siv5ess ( 8     
g5ius1 rea*es to all ! mo/ opposite     
di/ances4 ,i h (t5 obs]v$ him at su*    
conf]5ces1 & h z mu* admir$ !           

evangelical condesc5sion by :i* he      
became all ?+s to all m5 z ! sublimity (
 8 disc\rses4 ,:ile he wat*$ ov] 8 flock
 ) a daily c>e1 he pray$ 9 ! deep       
retirem5t ( int]nal solitude4 ,! _m ?+s 
:i* 7 g5]ally admir$ 9 him 7 no?+ 9     
comp>ison ( t div9e life by :i* he walk$
 ) ,god l ,eno*1 & 0 unkn[n to m54  ,!  
,abb ,galet1 ano!r ( ,fnelon's          
contempor>ies1 be>s l\d witness to !    
fact t1 h[ev] gr& ! outside             
accommodations 71 ! ar*bi%op's p]sonal  
appo9tm5ts 7 ( ! mo/ mode/ description4 
,he says t 9 ! meag] simplicity ( 8     
private liv+ rooms1 fitt$ up pla9ly 9   
s]ge1 ( 8 dress--a long velvet cassock  
trimm$ ) sc>let1 b )\t gold tassels or  
lace--ev5 ( 8 ecclesia/ical ve/m5ts1    
,fnelon did homage to t idea ( holy     
pov]ty ^: actual practice 0 =bidd5 by 8 
/ation 9 ! _w4  ,b :5 x came to o!rs1   
,fnelon 0 v consid]ate & v g5]\s4 ,:5 he
 _h cause to s5d 8 *apla9s into ! c\ntry
 on any bus9ess ( ! diocese1 x 0 always 
9 "o ( 8 own c>riages & ) "o ( 8 own    

att5dants1 t ! respect :i* he %[$ !m    
might conciliate to !m ! g5]al respect (
 8 flock4 ,he took1 s f> z possible1 !  
burd5s ( 8 cl]gy on himself1 (f]$ to pay
 m tax ?an he ne$$ to1 ev5 wa/$ 7z x    
w\ld n[ seem7 money on begg>s ^:        
appe>ance mov$ 8 sympa?ies4 ,yet he also
 practic$ s\nd economy1 t he might h ! m
 to give1 held a c>eful audit ( 8       
h\sehold acc\nts1 & set aside l>ge      
portions ( 8 income = ! />v+ soldi]s1 or
 ! int]e/s ( 8 sem9>y1 or ! education ( 
8 nephews & _! ma9t5ance 9 ! army4 ,he  
educat$ great numb]s ( /ud5ts at 8 own  
exp5se1 s5d+ !m to ,p>is2 especially !  
"y m5 t 7 likely to prove good prie/s1 b
 7 too poor to be> ! f9ancial burd54 ,he
 _h always a :ole /r+ ( 8 nephews &     
gr&nephews or o!r relatives ga!r$ ab\t  
him1 "y p ^: education he 0 ask$ to take
 *>ge ( or ^? ^: int]e/s1 = fri5ds' or  
relation%ip's sake1 he 0 desir\s to     
promote4 ,he 0 nev] )\t ! pres5ce (     
*ildr5 9 ! palace4 ,a suite ( rooms     
above 8 own 0 res]v$ = !m4 ,n only 8    

relatives1 b ! sons ( 8 intimate fri5ds1
 7 plac$ 9 8 c>e1 t he might tra9 !m to 
be good & *ivalr\s g5tlem54 ,v few ( ^! 
boys 7 int5d$ = ! prie/hood1 b !        
confid5ce t ,fnelon inspir$ 0 s great t 
x 0 believ$ a *ild re>$ "u 8 eye w\ld be
 bett] fitt$ = c\rt or camp ?an if he   
sp5t 8 e>ly ye>s 9 ! company ( pr9ces at
 ,/4 ,g]ma9 or ,v]sailles4 ,! la/ ( 8   
little gue/s 7 ! gr&*ildr5 ( 8 fri5d1   
,de ,*evreuse1 &1 h>ass$ ?\gh he 0 by   
national disa/]s1 he c\ld sp>e "t to    
/udy & report ^u !m & express 8 pleasure
 9 _! company4 ,he wrote ( ! *ildr51 ,i 
delight to h !m "h2 ,i love !m de>ly2 !y
 *e] me mu*2 !y d n tr\ble me 9 any way4
 ,!y 7 ) him to ! end2 s t f ! day he   
ent]$ on 8 duties at ,v]sailles until 8 
dea? he may be said to h giv5 a def9ite 
proportion ( 8 "t & en]gy to ! practical
 demon/ration ( 8 excell5t !ories (     
education4  ,dur+ ! conte/ = ! ,spani%  
succession1 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! eighte5?  
c5tury1 betwe5 ,france & ,bav>ia on ! "o
 side1 & ,engl&1 ,holl&1 & ,au/ria on ! 

o!r1 ! diocese ( ,cambrai1 n f> f !     
,ne!rl&s1 :i* has sometimes be5 d5om9at$
 ! battle-field ( ,europe1 0 )9 ! realm 
( w>1 & suff]$ mu* f ! cruel ravages ( !
 advanc+ & retreat+ armies4 ,"u ^!      
circum/ances1 ,fnelon cont9u$ 8 con/ant 
visitations to e "p ( ! di/rict1 & all !
 writ]s dwell ^u ! s+ul> m>ks ( homage  
paid on ^! occasions to 8 em95t virtue  
by p ( e "n4 ,s f> f putt+ any ob/acle 9
 8 way1 ! ,engli%1 ,g]mans1 & ,dut* took
 e means ( %[+ _! admiration & v5]ation 
= ! ar*bi%op4 ,all di/9ctions ( religion
 & sect1 all ^? feel+s ( hatr$ or       
jeal\sy :i* divide nations1 disappe>$ 9 
8 pres5ce4 ,he 0 (t5 oblig$ to resort to
 artifice to avoid ! honors :i* ! armies
 ( ! enemy int5d$ him4 ,he refus$ !     
milit>y escorts :i* 7 (f]$ him = 8      
p]sonal security 9 ! ex]cise ( 8        
functions1 &1 ) no o!r att5dants ?an a  
few ecclesia/ics1 he trav]s$ ! c\ntries 
desolat$ by w>4 ,8 way 0 m>k$ by 8 alms 
& b5efactions1 & by a susp5d+ ( !       
calamities :i* armies br+4 ,9 ^! %ort   

int]vals ! p brea!d 9 peace1 s t 8      
pa/oral visits might be t]m$ a truce (  
,god4 ,! ,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh1 ! ,pr9ce ( 
,orange1 ! ,duke ( ,ormond1 ! di/+ui%$  
comm&]s :o 7 oppos$ to ,france1 embrac$ 
e opportunity ( %[+ _! e/eem4 ,!y s5t   
deta*m5ts ( _! m5 to gu>d 8 mead[s & 8  
corn2 !y caus$ 8 gra9 to be transport$ )
 a convoy to ,cambrai1 le/ x %\ld be    
seiz$ & c>ri$ (f by _! own =ag]s4 ,/4   
,simon1 by no means 8 fri5d1 c n say    
en\gh 9 panegyric = 8 nev]-end+ k9dness 
to ! troops br\ght ?r\gh ,cambrai dur+ !
 w>4 ,! duke pa9ts him z mov+ among !   
sick & ! :ole1 ! kn[n & ! unkn[n1 !     
(fic]s & ! common soldi]s1 ) a k ( ! _w 
:i* und]/ood h[ to ga9 !m all by treat+ 
ea* 9 8 due degree1 & yet a true &      
*e]ful %eph]d ( _! s\ls1 z con/ant 9 8  
m9i/ration to ! humble/ z ?\gh he _h no 
o!r bus9ess 9 life4 ,& he 0 no less     
c>eful = _! bodily com=t2 lodg$ (fic]s  
innum]able 9 8 palace2 hir$ o!r h\ses   
besides = ! same purpose2 fill$ !m ) !  
sick & w\nd$1 & ) poor p driv5 f !      

neighbor+ villages2 t5d$ ! sick ) 8 own 
h&s1 sometimes = _m mon?s1 until _!     
entire recov]y2 suppli$ ! hospitals )   
co/ly drugs & endless /reams ( food &   
delicacies1 s5t out1 = all _! abundance1
 9 su* p]fect ord] t e pati5t _h exactly
 :at he ne$$4 ,he 0 on ! be/ ( t]ms ) ! 
nobles & gov]nm5t (ficials1 n only ( 8  
diocese b ( all ,fl&]s1 ev5 z f> z      
,brussels1 & us$ 8 influ5ce ) !m to beg 
_m temporal favors = 8 p2 got 8 village 
s*oolma/]s exempt$ f s]vice 9 ! army1   
sav$ ! f>m]s & _! horses f =c$ labors 9 
! w9t]1 & ev5 w>n$ ! ,m9i/ry at ,p>is t 
! deva/at$ c\ntry c\ld be ! !at] ( no m 
campaigns4 ,:5 ! commiss>iat ( ! k+ 0 9 
extreme want ( corn1 ! ar*bi%op empti$ 8
 imm5se gran>ies = _! subsi/5ce1 &      
absolutely refus$ all comp5sation4 ,he  
said1 ,! k+ owes me no?+1 & 9 times (   
calamity x is my duty z a citiz5 & a    
bi%op to give back to ! ,/ate :at ,i h  
receiv$ f x4 ,x 0 ?us he av5g$ himself =
 8 disgrace4 ,at ano!r critical mom5t1  
only a timely advance f 8 own purse     

prev5t$ ! g>rison ( ,/4 ,om] f go+ ov] 9
 a body to ! enemy1 z o!r unpaid        
regim5ts _h done4 ,x is no wond] t he   
became ! idol ( ! troops1 :o sang 8     
praises ev5 9 ! ante*amb]s ( ,v]sailles4
 ,& 8 fame /ood equally high ) ^? :o 7  
fight+ aga9/ ! k+4  ,he 0 lov$ by s _m  
because he 0 himself s full ( love4 ,an 
in/ance ( 8 l>g5ess bo? ( m9d & he>t    
occurr$ dur+ ^! clos+ ye>s1 :i* des]ves 
to be record$1 = x c]ta9ly does n /&    
alone4 ,! ,engli% pr9ce kn[n z ! ,old   
,pret5d] 0 an (fic] 9 ! ,fr5* army 9    
#agji1 & 8 duty took him ne> to         
,cambrai4 ,9 ! conv]sations :i* pass$   
betwe5 !m1 ! ar*bi%op recomm5d$ to him v
 emphatically nev] to compel 8 subjects 
to *ange _! religion4 ,lib]ty ( ?\ght1  
said he1 is an impregnable =tress :i* no
 human p[] c =ce4 ,viol5ce c nev]       
conv9ce2 x only makes hypocrites4 ,:5   
k+s take x ^u !m to direct 9 matt]s (   
religion in/ead ( protect+ x1 !y br+ x  
into bondage4 ,y ought !re=e to grant to
 all a legal tol]ation2 n z approv+     

ev]y?+ indiff]5tly1 b z suff]+ ) pati5ce
 :at ,god suff]s2 endeavor+ 9 a prop]   
mann] to re/ore su* z are misl$1 b nev] 
by any measures b ^? ( g5tle & b5evol5t 
p]suasion4  ,ev5 aga9/ ! ,jans5i/s1 :o 7
 fi]ce ,augu/9ians1 ! ultra ,calv9i/s ( 
t "t 9 ! matt] ( ! ,div9e decrees1 & :om
 he ?or\ghly dislik$1 be+ himself a firm
 fri5d ( free w1 he w\ld by no means h  
h>% measures tak54 ,! sweetness ( 8     
disposition & 8 idea ( ! meekness (     
,god1 made him /rongly av]se to !       
doctr9es ( ,quesnel & ,jans51 :i* he    
consid]$ z lead+ to despair4 ,god1 he   
said1 is to !m only a t]rible ,be+2 to  
me ,he is a ,be+ good & j4 ,i c n cons5t
 to make ,him a tyrant :o b9ds u )      
fett]s1 & !n comm&s u to walk1 & puni%es
 u if we d n4 ,9 ?is he 0 at "o ) ,john 
,wesley4 ,b he w\ld n1 any m ?an !      
,me?odi/1 p]mit p]secution ( !m 9 8     
diocese4 ,let u1 said he1 be to !m :at  
!y are unwill+ t ,god %\ld be to man1   
full ( compassion & indulg5ce4 ,he 0    
told t ! ,jans5i/s 7 8 decl>$ enemies1 t

 !y left no?+ undone to br+ him & 8     
doctr9e into discr$it4 ,t is "o fur!r   
reason1 said he1 = me to suff] & =give  
!m4  ,on he>+ t "s peasants 9 ,ha9aut1  
:o 7 desc5d$ f ,prote/ants1 & :o held   
/ill ! same op9ions1 _h receiv$ !       
sacram5t f a m9i/] ( _! own p]suasion1 b
 t1 :5 discov]$1 !y disguis$ _! s5tim5ts
 & ev5 w5t to mass1 he said to ! ,re=m$ 
m9i/]3 ,bro!r1 y see :at has happ5$4 ,x 
is full "t t ^! good p %\ld h "s fix$   
religion2 g & obta9 _! names1 & ^? ( all
 _! families2 ,i give y my ^w t 9 less  
?an six mon?s !y %all all h passports--t
 is1 to g :]e !y l4 ,! same cl]gyman1 ^:
 "n 0 ,brunice1 he receiv$ at 8 table z 
a bro!r1 & treat$ him ) great k9dness4  
,to an (fic] ( ! army :o consult$ him to
 "k :at c\rse he %\ld adopt ) su* ( 8   
soldi]s z 7 ,hugu5ots1 ,fnelon answ]$3  
,torm5t+ & teas+ h]etic soldi]s into    
conv]sion1 w answ] no end2 x w n succe$2
 x w only produce hypocrites4 ,! conv]ts
 s made w des]t 9 cr[ds4  ,! clos+ ye>s 
( ,fnelon's life 7 inexpressibly sadd5$ 

by ! numb] ( dea?s t swept away 9       
melan*oly succession ne>ly all ) :om 8  
he>t/r+s 7 mo/ closely int]tw9$4 ,! fir/
 to g 0 8 v de> fri5d ,lang]on1 :o di$  
at ,cambrai1 ,novemb] #aj1 #agaj4 ,he   
probably held a deep] measure ( 8 love  
?an any "o else1 possess$ 8 entire      
confid5ce1 :i* 0 nev] 9 ! lea/ degree   
%ak5 by mutual disagreem5t & repro(4 ,he
 *ose him = a coadjutor on ! mission to 
,sa9tonge1 %>$ ) him ! lov+ c>e ( !     
little pr9ce1 to :om he 0 read]1 kept   
him ) him at ,cambrai z "o ( 8 *ief     
assi/ants & a pr9cipal amelioration ( ! 
bonds :i* ti$ him !re4 ,?ree days aft] !
 dea? he wrote3 ,i h lo/ ! greate/ com=t
 ( my life1 & ! be/ labor] ,god has giv5
 me 9 ! s]vice ( ,8 ,*ur*1 a fri5d :o   
has be5 my delight = ?irty-f\r ye>s4 ,o1
 h[ full ( sorr[ life is6 ,o ,god1 h[   
mu* our be/ fri5ds co/ u6 ,! only solace
 ( life is fri5d%ip1 & fri5d%ip turns   
into irrep>able grief4 ,let u seek !    
,fri5d :o does n die1 9 :om we %all     
recov] all ! re/4 ,no?+ c\ld be deep] or

 tru] ?an ! virtues ( him :o has di$4   
,no?+ c\ld be a great] witness ( grace  
?an 0 8 dea?4 ,i h nev] se5 any?+ m     
lovely & edify+4444 ,god's w is done4   
,he *ose to seek my fri5d's happ9ess r  
?an my com=t2 & ,i %\ld be want+ alike  
to ,god & my fri5d1 if ,i did n w :at   
,he wills4 ,9 ! %>pe/ mom5t ( my grief  
,i (f]$ up him ,i s dread$ to lose4     
,/ill ke5]1 9 "s respects1 0 ! loss he  
exp]i5c$ 9 ! dea? ( ! ,duke ( ,burgundy1
 :o pass$ away ,febru>y #ah1 #agab4 ,!  
ties betwe5 !m 7 ( ! close/ description1
 & ! long sep>ation ( fifte5 ye>s _h    
made no diff]5ce 9 _! mutual affection4 
,:5 ! "y man--fifte5 ye>s old at ! "t ( 
,fnelon's bani%m5t 9 #afig--;he>d ( !   
sad ev5t1 he ran to 8 gr&fa!r & flung   
himself at 8 feet1 & implor$ ) te>s 8   
clem5cy1 & z a pro( ( ,fnelon's doctr9e 
appeal$ to ! *ange 9 8 own conduct & "*4
 ,l\is 0 deeply affect$1 b said t :at he
 solicit$ 0 n a matt] ( favor2 x conc]n$
 ! purity ( ! ,*ur*1 ( :i* ,bossuet 0 ! 
be/ judge4 ,all int]c\rse betwe5 ! two 0

 int]dict$1 & z bo? 7 closely wat*$ by  
spies1 x 0 f\r ye>s be=e ! slighte/     
communication c\ld pass betwe5 !m4 ,!n !
 duke contriv$ to s5d a lett] 9 :i* he  
decl>$ 8 un%ak5 love1 say+ t inde$ 8    
fri5d%ip b increas$ ) "t1 & t he 0      
proce$+ m /eadily ?an be=e 9 ! pa? (    
virtue4 ,:51 9 #agjb1 ,l\is gave ! ,duke
 ( ,burgundy comm& ( ! army 9 ,fl&]s1 he
 petition$ ) great e>ne/ness t he might 
be all[$ 9 8 passage to ! army to see   
,fnelon4 ,! k+ cons5t$ only on condition
 t ! int]view %\ld be 9 public4 ,!y met 
at a public d9n]1 :]e1 ( c\rse1 b little
 c\ld be said1 z ev]y?+ 0 closely wat*$4
 ,b ! duke 9 a l\d voice exclaim$1 9 !  
he>+ ( all pres5t1 ,i am s5sible1 my ,"l
 ,ar*bi%op1 :at ,i owe to y1 & y "k :at 
,i am4 ,fnelon writes conc]n+ ! int]view
 z foll[s3 ,i h se5 ! ,duke ( ,burgundy 
aft] five ye>s' sep>ation1 b ,god       
season$ ! consolation ) great bitt]ness4
 ,i saw him only 9 public = a %ort qu>t]
 ( an h\r4 ,"o mu/ take ?+s z !y come & 
give "o's self up unres]v$ly to ,god's  

provid5ce4 ,aft] ?is1 !re 0 opportunity 
= a m frequ5t correspond5ce1 & x is mo/ 
cr$itable to bo? p>ties1 fill$ )        
affection & pr(\nde/ def]5ce on ! "p ( !
 y\ng] man1 & ) ! deepe/ solicitude &   
wise/ c\nsels on ! "p ( ! eld]4  ,!     
duke's fa!r1 ! dauph91 or heir app>5t1  
di$ 9 ,april1 #agaa1 leav+1 ( c\rse1 8  
son z next 9 ! succession to ! ?rone4   
,!n1 inde$1 did ,fnelon's hopes & !     
hopes ( ! nation rise high4 ,cambrai    
became ?rong$ ) p :o ?\ght x well to be 
9 ! good graces ( "o :o might v soon be 
! p[] beh9d ! ?rone & ! mo/ important   
man 9 ,france4 ,b alas6 alas = human    
plans & prospects6 ,! dauph9e1          
,burgundy's wife1 di$ ,febru>y #ab?1 ( a
 /range malady :i* baffl$ all !         
physicians2 !n ! duke himself1 hav+     
caught ! infection1 di$ ,febru>y #ah?1 &
 _! elde/ son succumb$ to ! same        
compla9t1 ,m>* #ah?4 ,! royal h\sehold 0
 ov]:elm$1 ! nation 0 /unn$1 & no "o    
felt ! loss m ?an1 probably no "o z mu* 
z1 ,fnelon4 ,he writes3 ,i am /ruck d[n 

) grief2 ! %ock has made me ill )\t any 
malady4 ,my heal? has suff]$ t]ribly1 & 
:atev] revives my grief br+s on a c]ta9 
am\nt ( fev]i% agitation4 ,i am humbl$  
by my weakness4 ,all my l9ks are brok52 
!re is no?+ left to b9d me to e>?2 b !  
ties :i* b9d me to heav5 are /r5g!n$4   
,o1 :at suff]+ ?is true fri5d%ip bre$s6 
,b if ,i c\ld re/ore him to life by     
turn+ a /raw ,i w\ld n d x1 = x is      
,god's w4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly ! d>ke/ h\r ( 8
 days4 ,he nev] :olly ralli$ f ! bl[1 or
 took ! same int]e/ 9 8 labors t he did 
be=e4 ,b !re is ! be/ ( evid5ce t 8 fai?
 9 ,god did n fail1 & t 9 all ! suff]+1 
bo? = himself & = 8 c\ntry1 ar\nd :i* ! 
gloomie/ %ad[s seem$ n[ to be ga!r+1 he 
_h no ?\ght ( ! ,almighty unwor?y ( 8   
goodness4  ,9 ,novemb]1 #agab1 di$ ano!r
 mo/ de>ly lov$ & life-long fri5d1 !    
,duke ( ,*evreuse1 op5+ up all 8 w\nds  
afre%1 z he says2 b he adds1 ,god be    
prais$1 be x ours to adore 8 imp5etrable
 purposes6 ,9 ,augu/1 #agad1 ,fnelon lo/
 ! la/ ( t special gr\p :o _h /uck to   

him m closely ?an bro!rs1 ! ,duke de    
,beauvilli]s4 ,!y _h nev] met s9ce he   
left ,v]sailles1 b _! he>ts 7 mo/       
closely knit4 ,our be/ fri5ds1 he wrote1
 are ! s\rce ( our greate/ sorr[ &      
bitt]ness4 ,"o is tempt$ to say t all   
good fri5ds %\ld wait & die on ! same   
day4 ,fri5d%ip w be ! cause ( my dea?4  
,x 0 to be ev5 s4 ,8 frame 0 feeble1 &  
^! fi]ce attacks affect$ him sev]ely4 ,9
 ! foll[+ ,novemb] a c>riage accid5t    
entail$ ano!r %ock to 8 sy/em1 f :i* he 
_h n /r5g? to recov]4 ,9 ! mon? t       
foll[$1 8 fri5ds recogniz$ t he 0 fail+ 
visibly4 ,on ! fir/ ( ,janu>y he 0      
attack$ by a %>p fev]1 & x began to be  
evid5t t ! end 0 ne>4 ,= ! :ole ( ! six 
days t rema9$ to him on e>? he p]mitt$  
only ! read+ ( ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,ov]
 & ov] !y read to him #b ,cor4 iv & v1  
especially ! "p ab\t ! build+ ( ,god1 ! 
h\se n made ) h&s1 et]nal 9 ! heav5s4   
,repeat t aga91 he said m ?an once4 ,o!r
 texts ( ,scripture p>ticul>ly suit$ to 
8 condition 7 read to him aga9 & aga94  

,he w\ld try to repeat !m himself ) a   
fail+ voice1 :ile 8 eyes & 8 :ole       
c\nt5ance 7 light$ up ) a bright        
expression ( fai? & love :i* ! sacr$    
words inspir$4 ,sev]al times he ask$ ^? 
ar\nd to repeat ,/4 ,m>t9's dy+ words1  
,"l1 if ,i am yet necess>y to ,?y p ,i  
refuse n labor2 ,?y w be done4  ,on !   
morn+ ( ! #d? he took ! bless$ sacram5t1
 be+ c>ri$ into ! l>ge /ate b$*amb] = ! 
purpose1 & ga!r+ ab\t him 8 att5dants1  
to :om he spoke a few f>ewell words (   
t5d] exhortation4 ,on ! #f? he receiv$  
extreme unction1 z "o ab\t to dep>t4 ,& 
imm$iately aft]1 bidd+ e "o1 save 8     
*apla91 leave ! room1 summon+ all 8     
/r5g?1 he dictat$ to him a few l9es     
address$ to ,pre ,la*aise1 ! k+'s       
confessor4 ,be+ ?us ab\t to appe> be=e  
,god1 he said3 ,i h nev] felt aught save
 docility to ! ,*ur* & abhorr5ce ( !    
novelties attribut$ to me4 ,i accept$ ! 
condemnation ( my book ) ! mo/ absolute 
unres]ve4 ,!re nev] 0 a mom5t 9 my life 
:5 ,i did n ent]ta9 ! livelie/ gratitude

 & mo/ hone/ zeal = ! k+'s p]son1 z also
 ! mo/ inviolable respect & atta*m5t4 ,i
 wi% long life = ,8 ,maje/y1 ( :om bo?  
,*ur* & ,/ate h s great ne$4 ,if x be   
p]mitt$ me to come be=e ! pres5ce (     
,god1 ,i w cont9ually ask ?is ( ,him4   
,he makes 9 ! lett] two reque/s ( ! k+1 
nei!r ( !m = himself or 8 family3 ,fir/1
 t he w appo9t to ,cambrai a pi\s1      
wor?y1 or?odox prelate2 & secondly1 t he
 w all[ ! ,cambrai sem9>y to be intru/$ 
to ! ,sulpician ,fa!rs to :om he ow$ s  
mu*4 ,! re/ ( t day & ! night foll[+ he 
_h mu* agony1 &1 9 a feeble1 brok5      
voice1 said _m times1 ,?y w1 n m9e4 ,he 
0 surr\nd$ by ^? :o lov$ him be/1 8 two 
favorite nephews1 ! ,abb de ,beaumont & 
! ,m>quis de ,fnelon1 arriv+ 9 ha/e f   
,p>is4 ,he gave !m all 8 bless+ z long z
 he c\ld speak4 ,he pass$ away          
peacefully1 amid ! te>s ( all ar\nd1 at 
qu>t] pa/ five 9 ! morn+2 ag$ sixty-?ree
 ye>s1 five mon?s1 & "o day4  ,he 0     
buri$ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,cambrai1 ) e       
tribute ( honor & respect1 b ) all      

simplicity & )\t o/5tation1 z he himself
 direct$4 ,9 8 w1 dat$ ,may #e1 #agje1  
he wrote1 aft] decl>+ t he *]i%$ no     
?\ght conc]n+ ^? :o _h attack$ him save 
^? ( pray] & bro!rly love3 ,i wi% my    
burial to be 9 ! metropolitical *ur* at 
,cambrai1 z simple z may be1 & ) ! lea/ 
possible exp5diture4 ,?is is n a m]e    
conv5tional expression ( humility1 b    
because ,i ?9k ! money laid out on      
fun]als o!r ?an simple _h bett] be kept 
= m useful purposes2 & also ,i ?9k !    
mode/y ( a bi%op's fun]al %\ld set !    
example to ! laity & lead !m to dim9i%  
useless outlay 9 _! burial arrangem5ts4 
,! la/ clause says3 ,:ile ,i love my    
family deeply1 & am aw>e ( ! ne$y /ate (
 _! affairs1 ,i d n ?9k x "r to leave   
any?+ to !m4 ,ecclesia/ical prop]ty is n
 meant to support family wants1 & %\ld n
 pass out ( ! h&s ( ^? :o m9i/] 9 !     
,*ur*4 ,x 0 f\nd1 :5 8 affairs 7 settl$ 
up1 t aft] adm9i/]+ = tw5ty ye>s ! great
 income ( 8 (fice1 :i* 0 at 8 own       
absolute disposal1 he end$ a life (     

p]si/5t & rigor\s self-d5ial ) no money 
9 8 c(f]s1 & no debts to any man4 ,8    
public & private life _h be5 rul$ by !  
fundam5tal pr9ciple :i* he did n fe> to 
proclaim aga9 & aga9 z 8 conception (   
true/ patriotism3 ,i love my family     
bett] ?an myself2 ,i love my c\ntry     
bett] ?an my family2 ,i love ! human    
race bett] ?an my c\ntry4 ,all 8 days   
decl>$1 also1 t he lov$ ,god be/ ( all4 
,he /ood = union ) ! ,div9e4 ,he liv$   
ev] 9 ! eye ( ! ,all-,se>*]4 ,all 8     
?\ghts & actions _h be5 rul$ by !       
purpose to be p]fectly pleas+ unto ,him4
 ,he _h1 no d\bt1 fail$ at "s po9ts4 ,he
 0 ev] ready to confess x1 & lam5t 8    
weaknesses2 = he 0 human4 ,b n _m (     
mortal frame ev] kept m /eadily be=e !m 
f y\? to age ! high endeavor to be z mu*
 z possible l ,*ri/4 ,nei!r disgrace nor
 disappo9tm5t daunt$ him4 ,! failure (  
e>?ly ambitions only impress$ on him ! m
 t he _h a message = mank9d t 0 above   
su* ?+s4 ,& ?\gh !re 7 probably n _m 9 8
 g5]ation t 7 ready to receive 8 l(ty   

words1 ?\gh !re are ev5 n[ n _m :o are  
prep>$ to accept fully 8 sublime tea*+s 
& foll[ him z he foll[$ ! ,ma/]1 yet !re
 w always be an inw>d witness 9 ! he>ts 
( "s ( e age t responds to su* voices1 &
 leaps ) joy at ! summons to put ev]y?+ 
away1 t ,god may take full possession ( 
,8 own4 ,he 0 absorb$ 9 ! hot pursuit ( 
highe/ hol9ess4 ,on ?is 8 /r5g? 0       
conc5trat$4 ,only ?us did he atta9 !    
success t 0 v\*saf$ him4 ,! spiritual   
life 0 to him ! only real life4 ,!      
,pres5ce ,div9e 0 ev] ) him4 ,! ,_s (   
,god fill$ 8 he>t4  ,dur+ ! outrages ( !
 ,fr5* ,revolution1 9 #agic1 :5 ! graves
 ( ! dead 7 be+ brutally violat$ by ord]
 ( ! gov]nm5t ) wanton cruelty & savage 
m]rim5t1 & ! bodies ( ! great & noble1 !
 le>n$ & pi\s1 7 be+ scatt]$ to ! f\r   
w9ds1 an ord] f gov]nm5t rea*$ ,cambrai 
direct+ t all ! lead5 c(f9s t 7 !re be  
s5t to ! ars5al at ,d\ay to be conv]t$  
into in/rum5ts ( w>f>e4 ,! ag5ts proce$$
 to ! ,metropolitan ,ca!dral1 ent]$ !   
vault "u ! alt>1 took away ! bodies (   

o!rs1 b left ! rema9s ( ,fnelon2 n      
design$ly1 x w\ld seem1 = !y _h no      
v5]ation = ! tal5ts & virtues ( !       
illu/ri\s prelate2 n accid5tally1 = :at 
m5 call *ance is only ! provid5ce (     
,god4 ,x 0 ! c\nsel ( un]r+ wisdom t    
issu$ ! commission1 ,t\* n m9e ano9t$ & 
d my prophet no h>m4 ,!re are (ficial   
docum5ts describ+ ! f9d+ ( ! body       
aft]w>ds by ! mayor ( ,cambrai4 ,!      
rema9s1 9 a fair /ate ( pres]vation1 7  
rev]5tly seal$ up & replac$ 9 ! vault4  
,9 #ahjj ! ,emp]or ,napoleon ord]$ t a  
monum5t or mausoleum be erect$ to       
receive ! a%es ( ! immortal ,fnelon2 to 
:i* !y 7 to be transf]r$ 9 due "t4 ,?is 
0 probably n c>ri$ out1 z ! exi/+       
monum5t to ,fnelon is 9 ! new ca!dral ( 
! date ( #ahbe4 ,b 8 *ief monum5t is 9 !
 he>ts ( m51 9 ! v5]ation & affection   
felt = him by ! :ole ( ,*ri/'s ,*ur* )\t
 di/9ction ( "n1 & 9 ! gratitude ( ! _m1
 _m s\ls :o h be5 help$ on _! heav5w>d  
j\rney by 8 /rong1 wise words &         
beautiful example4                      

,,*apt] ,,vii4                          
,,! ,,spiritual ,,lett]s4   ,x is fitt+ 
t we conclude ?is sket* ( ,fnelon ) "s  
acc\nt ( 8 writ+s1 because x is s l>gely
 ?r\gh !m t he lives today4 ,! mo/      
complete collection ( 8 works1 issu$ f  
,p>is betwe5 #ahbj & #ahcj1 is 9        
?irty-f\r volumes1 #hvo1 ( :i* elev5    
volumes are giv5 to ! correspond5ce4 ,_m
 ( ^! lit]>y labors h be5 translat$ into
 ,engli%2 = in/ance1 ! treatise on !    
,education ( ,daught]s1 ! ,dialogues on 
,eloqu5ce1 ! ,demon/ration ( ! ,exi/5ce 
( ,god1 & ! ,spiritual ,lett]s4 ,! la/  
has by f> ! greate/ importance at !     
pres5t "t1 has inde$ an importance = all
 "t4 ,b be=e tak+ x up1 a few words     
conc]n+ "s ( 8 o!r productions w be 9   
place4  ,:ile he 0 sup]ior at !         
in/itution = ! ,new ,ca?olics1 9 #afhg  
or #afhh1 he wrote a treatise on !      
au?ority ( ! prie/hood or ! dogma ( !   
,apo/olical ,succession1 ( c\rse def5d+ 
x2 :i* e/abli%$ 8 reputation z a writ]1 
& attract$ ! notice ( ! k+4 ,mu* m      

important 0 8 "w on ! ,education (      
,girls2 ?is has be5 suffici5tly dwelt ^u
 9 ! fir/ *apt]4 ,a treatise on !       
,exi/5ce ( ,god 0 begun 9 ^! e>li] ye>s1
 b leisure did n seem to be f\nd = its  
full developm5t4 ,ev5 ! fir/ "p 0 n     
publi%$ till #agab1 & ! second did n see
 ! light until ?ree ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,x
 is ( little value n[1 b x made a /rong 
impression on ! metaphysical philosoph]s
 ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & is especially   
prais$ by ,?omas ,reid4 ,8 ,dialogues on
 ,eloqu5ce1 ) special ref]5ce to t ( !  
pulpit 7an admirable treatise on        
oratory71 0 n publi%$ at all until aft] 
8 dea?2 nei!r 0 8 ,refutation (         
,malebran*e1 8 ,lett]s to ! ,k+1        
treatise on ! ,au?ority ( ! ,sov]eign   
,pontiff1 ,que/ions = ,self-,exam9ation 
on ! ,duties ( a ,k+1 ,lett]s on        
,religion to ! ,duke ( ,orleans1 ,plans 
( ,gov]nm5t1 & ,lett] to ! ,academy4 ,! 
latt]1 writt5 a few mon?s be=e 8 dea?1  
con/itutes 8 answ] to ! *ief lit]>y     
que/ions ( 8 age1 & treats m especially 

( ! controv]sy betwe5 ! ,classic &      
,romantic ,s*ools4 ,he 0 a ?or\ghgo+    
,classici/1 an ,anci5t ( ! ,anci5ts1    
insi/+ on ! /udy ( ,greek z a panacea = 
mo/ lit]>y diseases4 ,he has also 9 !   
lett] a *apt] on ! ,art ( ,writ+        
,hi/ory1 mak+ symmetry ! fir/           
requirem5t1 & imp>tiality next4 ,9 8    
eyes a hi/ory 0 a "w ( art1 ) some?+ 9 x
 ( ! epic poem4 ,he sugge/$1 fur!rmore1 
t ! ,academy %\ld devote itself to a    
detail$ exam9ation ( ! /&>d works 9 !   
,fr5* language1 & prep>e popul> editions
 ) notes4  ,all ,fnelon's writ+s1 x may 
be said1 %[ mu* gr&eur & delicacy (     
s5tim5t1 great f]tility ( g5ius1 a      
correct ta/e1 & excit$ s5sibility4 ,a   
poetical "* appe>s 9 !m all4 ,by        
assidu\s /udy ! works ( ! be/ writ]s (  
antiquity 7 famili> to him1 & 8 intimate
 acqua9tance ) _! productions furni%$   
him a res\rce 9 e vicissitude ( life2 !y
 7 8 ornam5t 9 prosp]ity1 8 com=t 9     
adv]sity4 ,! *>m ( 8 mann] 9 society is 
l>gely communicat$ to ! products ( 8 p54

 ,!y ab\nd 9 passages ( spl5dor & pa?os1
 b _! *ief excell5ce is 9 _! t5d]       
simplicity1 by :i* ! read]'s he>t is    
irresi/ibly drawn to ! writ]4  ,( mu*   
high] rank 9 a lit]>y po9t ( view ?an   
any ( ^? previ\sly m5tion$ 0 8          
,adv5tures ( ,telema*us2 or1 ,!         
,education ( a ,pr9ce4 ,x is a fabul\s  
n>rative 9 ! =m ( a h]oic poem1 9 :i* he
 sets d[n ! tru?s mo/ necess>y to be    
kn[n by "o ab\t to reign2 & ! faults t  
cl+ mo/ closely to sov]eign p[] are also
 fully describ$4 ,x 0 compos$ by ,fnelon
 :ile he 0 preceptor to ! royal dukes1 &
 design$ exclusively = _! in/ruction2   
writt5 at *ance mom5ts1 hurri$ly1 &     
piece by piece1 says ! au?or1 s5t to !  
press by an unfai?ful copyi/1 & nev]    
int5d$ = ! _w4 ,he insi/$ t he did n    
borr[ f real p]sons1 or sket* 9 !       
*>act]s ( 8 own "t4 ,?is 0 und\bt$ly    
true2 b no human p[] c\ld conv9ce ,l\is 
,,xiv t x 0 s1 & ! unau?oriz$           
publication ( x 9 #afih1 j :5 ! ,quieti/
 controv]sy 0 at its height1 0 extremely

 un=tunate = ,fnelon1 & fill$ ! k+'s cup
 ( wra? to ov]fl[+4 ,he _h be5 m ?an    
suffici5tly embitt]$ be=e1 b aft] ?is   
!re 0 n ! slighte/ hope (               
reconciliation2 = ! book is an ideali/ic
 portrayal ( a commonweal? :]e virtue   
has its own aga91 :]e !re is no tyranny1
 :]e ! k+ is ! fa!r ( all 8 p & ! *ief  
s]vant ( ! ,/ate1 :]e duty is lift$ f>  
above rights1 & ju/ice is supreme4 ,s9ce
 no?+ c\ld be m opposite to all ?is ?an 
! "* & conduct ( ,k+ ,l\is1 x is no     
wond] t he took x z a p]sonal insult & a
 delib]ate satire4 ,9 e "p ( x          
disrespectful m5tion is made ( ambition1
 ( ext5sive conque/s1 ( milit>y fame1 ( 
magnific5ce1 & ( almo/ ev]y?+ else :i*  
,l\is consid]$ z ! glory ( 8 reign4     
,:ile ! au?or mu/ be acquitt$ ( any     
int5tion to affront ! mon>*1 :i* w\ld h 
be5 mo/ ungrateful & mo/ ridicul\s1 x is
 evid5t t he mu/ h _h unconsci\sly 9 m9d
 ! pr9cipal actors 9 ! sc5es ar\nd him1 
0 :olly out ( sympa?y ) !m1 & 0 tra9+ ! 
"y pr9ces on a totally diff]5t model4 ,!

 book1 suppress$1 ( c\rse1 9 ,p>is1 0   
br\ght out at once 9 ,holl&1 & became   
ev]y:]e ! rage1 imm5sely popul> all ov] 
,europe1 &1 ev5 to ! pres5t day1 mu*    
read4 ,x has /ood ! te/ ( two c5turies (
 exi/5ce1 has be5 translat$ into _m     
languages1 & has made 8 "n famili> to ^?
 :om he c\ld n o!rwise h t\*$4          
,nev]!less1 ! effect ( its publication  
on 8 =tunes at t "t 0 exce$+ly disa/r\s1
 & 8 enemies made ! utmo/ use ( x aga9/ 
him4  ,! ,explanation ( ! ,maxims ( !   
,sa9ts on ! ,int]ior ,life1 & ! great "p
 x play$ 9 ,fnelon's c>e] has be5       
already ref]r$ to 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,! 
read] w enjoy gett+ a little full] idea 
( its cont5ts4 ,dr4 ,t4 ,c4 ,upham      
devot$ =ty-five pages to summ>iz+1 9 a  
free translation1 ! =ty-five articles   
con/itut+ ! book1 & ! foll[+ extracts   
are tak5 f 8 "w1 n[ out ( pr9t3  ,pure  
love is mix$ love c>ri$ to its true     
result4 ,:5 ?is result is atta9$1 !     
motive ( ,god's glory s exp&s itself1 & 
s fills ! m9d1 t ! o!r motive1 t ( our  

own happ9ess1 becomes s small & s rec$es
 f our inw>d notice z to be practically 
annihilat$4 ,x is !n t ,god becomes :at 
,he ev] ought to be1--! c5t] ( ! s\l1 to
 :i* all its affections t5d2 ! great    
moral sun ( ! s\l1 f :i* all its light &
 all its w>m? proce$4 ,x is !n t a man  
?9ks no m ( himself4 ,he has become !   
man ( a s+le eye4 ,8 own happ9ess & all 
t reg>ds himself are entirely lo/ sight 
(1 9 8 simple & fix$ look to ,god's w & 
,god's glory4  ,:5 ! sun %9es ! />s     
disappe>4 ,:5 ,god is 9 ! s\l1 :o c ?9k 
( himself8 ,s t we love ,god & ,god     
alone2 & all o!r ?+s 9 & = ,god4  ,!    
second /ate1 :i* foll[s t ( holy        
resignation1 is t ( holy indiff]5ce4    
,su* a s\l n only desires & wills 9     
submission1 b absolutely ceases ei!r to 
desire or to w1 except 9 co-op]ation ) !
 ,div9e lead+4 ,its desires = itself1 z 
x has great] light1 are m completely &  
p]man5tly m]g$ 9 ! "o high] & m absorb+ 
desire ( ,god's glory1 & ! fulfillm5t ( 
,8 w4 ,x desires & wills1 !re=e1 only   

:at ,god desires & wills4  ,holy        
indiff]5ce is n inactivity4 ,x is !     
fur!/ possible f x4 ,x is indiff]5ce to 
any?+ & ev]y?+ out ( ,god's w2 b x is ! 
highe/ life & activity to ev]y?+ 9 t w4 
,"o ( ! pr9ciples 9 ! doctr9e ( holy    
liv+ is1 t we %\ld n be premature 9     
draw+ ! conclusion t ! process ( inw>d  
crucifixion is complete1 & t our        
ab&onm5t to ,god is )\t any res]vation  
:atev]4 ,! act ( consecration1 :i* is a 
sort ( incipi5t /ep1 may be s9c]e2 b !  
reality ( ! consecration 9 ! full ext5t 
to :i* we suppose x to exi/1 & :i* may  
prop]ly be describ$ z ab&onm5t or entire
 self-r5unciation1 c be kn[n only :5    
,god has appli$ ! appropriate te/s4 ,we 
c n "k :e!r we h r5\nc$ ourselves1      
except by be+ tri$ on ^? v po9ts to :i* 
our self-r5unciation relates4 ,! trial w
 %[ :e!r or n we are :olly ! ,"l's4 ,^? 
:o prematurely draw ! conclusion t !y   
are s1 expose !mselves to great illusion
 & injury4  ,^? 9 ! highe/ /ate (       
religi\s exp]i5ce desire no?+ except t  

,god may be glorifi$ 9 !m by !          
accompli%m5t ( ,8 holy w4  ,_! cont9ual 
life ( love1 :i* ref]s ev]y?+ to ,god1 &
 id5tifies ev]y?+ ) ,8 w1 is ess5tially 
a life ( cont9ual pray]4  ,! w ( ,god is
 _! ultimate & only rule ( action4  ,!  
mo/ advanc$ s\ls are ^? :i* are mo/     
possess$ ) ! ?\ghts & ! pres5ce ( ,*ri/4
  ,! s\l 9 ! /ate ( pure love acts 9    
simplicity4 ,its inw>d rule ( action is 
f\nd 9 ! decisions ( a sanctifi$        
judgm5t4 ,^! decisions1 bas$ ^u judgm5ts
 t are free f self-int]e/1 may n always 
be absolutely "r1 because our views &   
judgm5ts1 be+ limit$1 c ext5d only to   
?+s 9 "p2 b !y may be said to be        
relatively "r2 !y con=m to ?+s s f> z we
 are p]mitt$ to see !m & und]/& !m1 &   
convey to ! s\l a moral assurance t1 :5 
we act 9 accordance ) !m1 we are do+ z  
,god w\ld h u d4  ,we come n[ to !      
,spiritual ,lett]s1 :i* h be5 call$1 n  
unadvis$ly1 ! mo/ p]fect ?+s ( _! k9d   
any:]e to be f\nd4 ,!y 7 writt5 to a v  
l>ge numb] ( correspond5ts1 bo? m5 &    

wom51 on ! impulse ( ! mom5t1 & )\t !   
lea/ ?\ght ( publication4 ,h5ce !y      
become all ! m ! mo/ au!ntic revelation 
( 8 inmo/ m9d1 a necess>y & integral "p 
( 8 "*4 ,he wrote z he w\ld h spok51    
suit+ himself to ! k ( 8 he>]s1 aim+ at 
simplicity r ?an ornam5t1 b n disda9+   
homely similes s f> z !y w make 8 mean+ 
pla94 ,he draws freely & con/antly ^u 8 
own exp]i5ce1 s t ! lett]s are a        
reflection ( himself1 z well z a        
/oreh\se ( practical religion4 ,helpful 
c\nsel may be f\nd 9 !m = ne>ly all     
situations 9 life & on ne>ly all topics 
t are mo/ closely connect$ ) ,*ri/ian   
liv+4 ,= ?\gh ! p]sons to :om he wrote 7
 usually 9 ! high] circles--dukes1      
c\nts1 lords1 ladies1 soldi]s1 c\rti]s1 
& prie/s--nev]!less1 !y 7 always m5 &   
wom51 wives & mo!rs1 ) human he>ts & mu*
 ! same temptations to combat t come to 
common p 9 ! pres5t age4 ,! lett]s 7    
writt5 to meet ! individual ne$s ( v    
real p]sons1 writt5 out ( a w>m he>t &  
by a m9d /or$ ) ! lore ( ! ,*ur* on ^!  

subjects1 z well z gift$ ) unusual p[]s 
( disc]nm5t4 ,fnelon 0 a consummate     
director ( consci5ces2 he mov$ ?r\gh    
life heavily incumb]$ ) ! wants ( o!rs1 
c>ry+ _m burd5s & tax+ all 8 great p[]s 
to meet ! ev]-recurr+ ne$s ( a multitude
 ( p]plex$ & hung]+ spirits4  ,^? :o    
p]use ! epi/les w readily p]ceive t !y  
pres5t a v high ideal1 yet we d n ?9k !y
 c fairly be pron\nc$ h>%4 ,he does n   
speak 9 a tone ( asp]ity4 ,he saw f>    
into ! human he>t1 look$ ) a pi]c+ eye  
?r\gh ! disguises ( s91 c\ld foll[ )    
unexampl$ cle>ness ! turn+s & twi/+s &  
lurk+s ( selfi%ness4 ,?\gh ! sev]e/ (   
c5sors1 he is at ! same "t ! mo/ pity+4 
,he reg>ds human error ) indulg5t       
t5d]ness1 & weeps ov] x z ,jesus wept   
ov] ,j]usalem4 ,e*oes ( ! ,/oic         
philosoph]s--,m>cus ,aurelius1          
,epictetus1 ,s5eca--w und\bt$ly be f\nd 
9 ^! lett]s4 ,inde$1 a v consid]able & r
 curi\s p>allel has be5 drawn betwe5    
,fnelon & ,s5eca2 :i* only %[s !        
p]man5ce ( ! pr9ciples t regulate !     

union betwe5 ,god & ! s\l "u all skies &
 cre$s4 ,!re is a close simil>ity betwe5
 ^! lett]s & ^? ( ,francis ( ,sales1 :o 
wrote on ! same !mes2 = ! two saw eye to
 eye4 ,! effusions ( ei!r ,francis1     
al?\gh adapt$ prim>ily to a diff]5t     
communion & "t1 c be recomm5d$ almo/    
unqualifi$ly to-day to t small class--x 
w always be a small class--:o set       
!mselves1 ) an ar\s$ intellig5ce1 a high
 appreciation ( ! nature ( ! task be=e  
!m1 & an int5se det]m9ation1 to realize1
 ?r\gh all available & appo9t$ means1 ! 
close/ possible approximation to p]fect 
union ) ! ,div9e4  ,our criticisms (    
,fnelon's lett]s are b few1 & yet a     
little note ( w>n+ %\ld und\bt$ly be    
s\nd$4 ,no "o %\ld read !m :o is n      
prep>$ to ?9k = himself1 to use a       
vigor\s common-s5se1 & to select =      
entire obs]vance only ^? precepts :i*   
comm5d !mselves to 8 m9d z be+ 9        
complete accord ) ! ,scripture & ) ! mo/
 judici\s ( o!r spiritual advis]s4      
,almo/ ev]y?+ he f9ds w1 we believe1 ?us

 comm5d itself4 ,b !re w be an          
occasional use ( language be=e :i* he w 
pause & make a note ( "q or diss5t4 ,!re
 w be ungu>d$ expressions :i* ne$       
explanation4 ,p]haps ! *ief words :i* he
 w f9d cause to *all5ge w be ^? ( mo/   
frequ5t occurr5ce--self & self-love4    
,fnelon does n use ^! t]ms q accurately1
 & :oev] takes !m lit]ally w be l$ into 
tr\ble4 ,:]e he says self-love he almo/ 
always means selfi%ness1 :i*1 9 our     
mod]n nom5clature1 is q a diff]5t ?+1   
be+ ! inord9ate1 excessive1 or =bidd5   
love ( self1 su* a reg>d = ! int]e/s &  
rights ( self z disreg>ds ! int]e/s &   
rights ( o!r p4 ,?is latt] is always    
wrong1 ( c\rse4 ,b self-love1 /rictly   
speak+1 is 9 itself "r1 p]fectly        
innoc5t1 & ( great importance to reta94 
,x is ess5tial to our pres]vation &     
prosp]ity1 "o ( ! mo/ vital +r$i5ts 9   
our con/itution4 ,fnelon1 we ?9k1 nev]  
recognizes ?is mean+ ( ! ^w1 nev] seems 
to "k t we h v important1 imp]ative     
duties to self1 z well z to our neighbor

 & to ,god4 ,ei!r he 0 n famili> ) ^!   
di/9ctions s common 9 e?ics n[1 or he 0 
s pr(\ndly impress$ ) ! dang] ( ov]do+  
self-love t he did n deem x well to     
recognize ?is duty at all4 ,b t surely  
is a mi/ake1 & ) "s m9ds t5ds to become 
a v h>mful "o1 lead+ /raight on to      
fanaticism4  ,he is nev] tir$ ( insi/+  
on ! absolute necessity = ! dea? ( self1
 ! de/ruction ( self4 ,b ?is phrase w n 
/& critical exam9ation4 ,! p]il :i*     
always lurks 9 figures ( spee*1 & !     
t5d5cy to exagg]ate :i* s frequ5tly     
besets devotional writ]s ( ! int5se     
my/ic type1 is v manife/ "h4 ,su* writ]s
 put =w>d _! extreme /atem5ts ) a       
laudable desire to make a deep          
impression on ! call\s s5sibilities ( ! 
av]age read]1 & ) ! idea1 p]haps1 t l>ge
 d$uction w be made 9 ! practical       
application ( _! precepts4 ,b _m f9d 9  
?is an excuse = ?r[+ ! :ole subject     
impati5tly aside4 ,we are conv9c$ t x is
 bett] 9 su* ?+s to /ate ! exact tru? ) 
all c>efulness & ) z few mislead+       

figures ( spee* z possible4 ,!re is     
c]ta9ly an e?ical limit to our "r (     
self-abnegation & self-imp>tation4      
,b5evol5ce has its moral b\nds 9        
hol9ess4 ,a man's life f9ds its l>ge/   
fulfillm5t1 n 9 weakly assimilat+ itself
 to ! wi%es ( ^? ar\nd x1 b 9 giv+ =? "s
 new & *>act]i/ic expression ( ! life ( 
,god4 ,! notions1 or ev5 ! ne$s1 ( "o's 
neighbors are n ! highe/ /&>d ( "r liv+4
 ,e man holds himself 9 tru/ = 8        
,creator1 & mu/ d 8 be/ to manife/ t    
,creator1 n necess>ily accord+ to !     
conception mo/ preval5t 9 8 imm$iate    
circle1 b accord+ to ! m&ate :i* has be5
 laid on him4 ,x is ?is ?\ght :i* gives 
! pr(\nde/ value to 8 exi/5ce & lifts   
him above too great dep5d5ce on popul>  
/&>ds4 ,& x is ?is ?\ght1 prop]ly c>ri$ 
out1 :i* %[s h[ mu* ( unreason !re is 9 
! decl>ation t self mu/ be totally      
=gott51 r5\nc$1 annihilat$4  ,no p]son  
is ju/ifi$ 9 do+ any?+ ( ?is sort4      
,self-pres]vation & self-protection1    
self-respect & self-e/eem1 self-def5se &

 self-developm5t are manife/ duties4 ,x 
may readily be grant$ t !y are n 9 any  
great dang] ( neglect f ! ord9>y or     
av]age individual4 ,b ! extraord9>y     
individual1 if wrongly in/ruct$1 fill$ )
 a zeal n accord+ to k1 ke5ly           
consci5ti\s1 morbidly scrupul\s1 key$ up
 to an unnatural pit* & /ra9+ aft] an   
impossible ideal1 may d himself mu* h>m 
& g f> a/ray4 ,to ov]do is (t5 z bad z  
to und]do1 & causes undo+4              
,d5unciations ( selfi%ness are always 9 
ord]1 b its b\nd>ies are n s easily     
def9$4 ,self-love--! in/9ctive desire or
 t5d5cy t leads "o to seek to promote 8 
own well-be+1 a due c>e = "o's own      
happ9ess1 ess5tial to high endeavor &   
p]fectly compatible ) ju/ice1 g5]osity1 
& b5evol5ce--is a compon5t "p ( our     
nature1 & mu/ be c>efully safegu>d$4 ,to
 talk ab\t its annihilation or          
eradication is to talk fooli%ness2 & to 
attempt su* eradication is to fly 9 !   
face ( nature2 t is1 ( ,god4 ,! :ole "q1
 !n1 betwe5 selfi%ness & self-love is "o

 ( degree & adju/m5t & relative rights4 
,no absolute h>d-&-fa/ l9e c be drawn4  
,"o mu/ use 8 be/ judgm5t1 enlight5$ f  
all possible s\rces1 z to :at 9 any giv5
 case duty to self & duty to o!rs dem&s4
 ,& t judgm5t he mu/ foll[1 ev5 :5 x    
mat]ially diff]s f ! op9ion ( ^? :o may 
criticise 8 conduct4 ,!re is no virtue 9
 wa/+ "o's self on impossible tasks4    
,self-sacrifice is nev] e?ical if x be a
 willful sp5d+ ( self to no purpose4 ,"o
 may d a s]i\s wrong to himself1 & conf]
 no real good on any "o else1 by foll[+ 
! lead ( g5]\s1 uncalculat+1 un?9k+     
impulses4 ,! exhortation nev] to ?9k    
ab\t "o's self is ?or\ghly mis*iev\s1 & 
c only lead to fanaticism &             
disc\ragem5t4  ,self-control1 n         
self-annihilation or extirpation1 is !  
duty ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,a man has p]fect    
self-control :5 8 highe/ p[]s hold ! l[]
 9 subjection ) p]fect ease1 & are      
!mselves 9 complete h>mony ) ! w ( ,god4
 ,he is p]fectly free f selfi%ness :o   
gives to self only t degree ( att5tion &

 c>e :i* is due1 & 9 no way infr+es on  
any ( ! rights ( o!rs4 ,& he :o is ke5ly
 desir\s ( do+ ?is1 be>+ 9 m9d 8 natural
 bias ! wrong way1 w deem x ! saf] c\rse
 to g a little beyond :at may seem ! due
 limit4 ,b x is n selfi% to be manly1 or
 to insi/ on be+ p]mitt$ to "w out "o's 
call+ accord+ to ! cle>1 consci\s       
summons f on high4 ,self-w s mu*        
inveigh$ aga9/ is "r1 s9ce x is a       
necess>y compon5t "p ( selfhood4 ,)\t   
self-w & self-consci\sness !re c be no  
self2 9 o!r words1 we cease to be1 & are
 non-exi/5t4 ,ma/]fulness %\ld be       
di/+ui%$ f willfulness2 ! =m] is n      
s9ful1 b a mo/ desirable ?+ 9 ?is _w :]e
 lead]%ip is s ess5tial to progress4 ,a 
selfi% w1 "o at any po9t div]g5t f ! w (
 ,god1 s f> z we "k or c asc]ta91 is    
always wrong4 ,to tell :]e egoism ends &
 altruism beg9s 9 our relations ) our   
fell[-m5 is f> f easy2 b x is ev] bless$
 to become absorb$ 9 a great cause1 &   
supremely noble to h z ! highe/ object 9
 life ! glory ( ,god4  ,"s exceptions   

mu/ be tak5 to a few o!r extreme        
/atem5ts ( ,fnelon1 9 :i* he foll[s o!r 
mi/ak5 writ]s4 ,! language ( su* tea*]s 
on humility is ov]/ra9$ & really false1 
likely to d h>m4 ,fnelon says1 =        
example1 ,^? :o are truly humble always 
take ! l[e/ place1 rejoic+ :5 !y are    
despis$1 & consid]+ e "o sup]ior to     
!mselves4 ,we may judge ( ! advancem5t  
we h 9 humility by ! delight we h 9     
humiliation & contempt4 ,8 motto 01 ,ama
 nesciri--,love to be unkn[n4 ,kempis   
wrote mu* ( ?is same sort4 ,& ,john     
,flet*] ( ,madeley 0 con/antly (f]+ up !
 pray] :i* we h 9 ,*>les ,wesley's      
c\plet1    ,make me little & unkn[n1    
,lov$ & priz$ by ,god alone4  ,to desire
 to be despis$1 ?\ght meanly (1 acc\nt$ 
z naught1 we c n recognize z a fruit (  
grace 9 a heal?y m9d rightly appreh5sive
 ( ! va/ importance to usefulness ( a   
good reputation4 ,to ?9k ( ourselves m  
highly ?an we ought to ?9k is wrong1 b s
 is x wrong to ?9k ( ourselves less     
highly ?an we ought4 ,! tru? above all  

?+s1 facts at any co/ :e!r to ourselves 
or o!r p1 is ! bett] attitude4 ,no ga9 c
 come f falsity on ! "o side1 any m ?an 
on ! o!r4 ,to delight unspeakably 9 ! w 
( ,god1 ev5 :5 x involves contempt f ^? 
:o misund]/& our position1 is n ! same z
 delight+ 9 contempt itself4 ,to insi/  
on ! l[e/ place :5 our recogniz$ &      
lawful place is high]1 w\ld be nei!r    
wise nor edify+4 ,fnelon himself took 8 
prop] place z ar*bi%op 9 ! ca!dral &    
palace & else:]e1 )\t dim9ution f 8     
humility4 ,he %[$ ! latt] 9 8 hospital  
"w1 & 9 8 famili> relations ) ^? ( l[]  
rank4  ,a little too mu* is made 9 "s   
places ( ! importance ( sil5ce4 ,!re is 
n suffici5t recognition ( ! fact t "s   
are 9 great dang] ( speak+ too little1 t
 !re are idle sil5ces z well z idle     
words4 ,! /ress laid ^u li/5+ to !      
int]ior voice is also c>ri$ some:at     
beyond b\nds1 & ne$s c\nt]balanc+ by !  
w>n+ t x is v easy to mi/ake ! utt]ances
 ( our own spirits = ^? ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 
! products ( a va9 imag9ation = !       

products ( ,div9e direction4 ,_m h be5  
sadly misl$ at ?is po9t4 ,we ne$ n      
p]haps specify o!r /ra9$ & unbalanc$    
rem>ks4 ,!re are n _m ( !m1 & x w\ld be 
unju/ to make too mu* ( !m2 b x is also 
unsafe to ignore !m altoge!r4 ,! lett]s 
are all ! bett] 9 t !y dem& reflection f
 ! read]1 & are n to be tak5 up 9 a     
wood5 way z ?\gh !y 7 infallible4       
,prop]ly p]us$1 ) pray] & m$itation1 !y 
c n fail to be ( imm5se s]vice to !     
inquir+ m9d & ! devotional _s4 ,!re is  
no?+ bett] z a /imulus to ^? ) l(ty     
aspirations seek+ = guidance z to h[ be/
 !y may rea* ! heights4  ,a few extracts
 f ! lett]s1 all t our space p]mits1 are
 furni%$1 t ! read]'s appetite may be   
:ett$ = ! fea/ to be f\nd 9 l>g]        
volumes4 ,& we c n bett] close ?is      
unpret5ti\s1 b we hope useful1 little   
book ?an ) "s ( ! gl[+ p>agraphs t h    
already done s mu* good 9 ! _w1 & are   
de/9$ to d s mu* m z ! c5turies roll3   
,easy ,ways ( ,div9e ,love4  ,*ri/ian   
p]fection is n t rigor\s1 t$i\s1 cramp+ 

?+ t _m imag9e4 ,x dem&s only an entire 
surr5d] ( ev]y?+ to ,god1 f ! dep?s ( ! 
s\l2 & ! mom5t ?is takes place1 :atev]  
is done = ,him becomes easy4 ,!y :o are 
,god's )\t res]ve are 9 e /ate cont5t2 =
 !y w only :at ,he wills1 & desire to d 
= ,him :atev] ,he desires !m to d4 ,!y  
/rip !mselves ( ev]y?+1 & 9 ?is nak$ness
 f9d all ?+s a hundr$-fold4 ,peace (    
consci5ce1 lib]ty ( _s1 ! sweet ab&onm5t
 ( !mselves & !irs into ! h&s ( ,god1 ! 
joy ( p]ceiv+ ! light always increas+ 9 
_! he>ts1 &1 f9ally1 ! fre$om ( _! s\ls 
f ! bondage ( ! fe>s & desires ( ?is    
_w1--^! ?+s con/itute t return (        
happ9ess :i* ! true *ildr5 ( ,god       
receive a hundr$-fold 9 ! mid/ ( _!     
crosses :ile !y rema9 fai?ful4  ,:at    
,god requires ( u is a w :i* is no long]
 divid$ betwe5 ,him & any creature2 a   
simple pliable /ate ( w1 :i* desires :at
 ,he desires1 rejects no?+ b :at ,he    
rejects1 wills )\t res]ve :at ,he wills1
 & "u no pretext wills :at ,he does n4  
,9 ?is /ate ( m9d all ?+s are prop] = u2

 our amusem5ts1 ev51 are acceptable 9 ,8
 sight4  ,no matt] :at crosses may      
ov]:elm ! true *ild ( ,god1 he wills    
ev]y?+ t happ5s1 & w\ld n h any?+ remov$
 t 8 ,fa!r appo9ts2 ! m he loves ,god1 !
 m is he fill$ ) cont5t2 & ! mo/ /r+5t  
p]fection1 f> f be+ a burd51 only r5d]s 
8 yoke ! light]4                        
,! ,div9e ,pres5ce4  ,! true s\rce ( all
 our p]fection is conta9$ 9 ! comm& (   
,god to ,abraham1 ,walk be=e me & be ?\ 
p]fect4 7,g54 xvii1 #a47 ,! pres5ce (   
,god calms ! s\l1 & gives x quiet &     
repose1 ev5 dur+ ! day & 9 ! mid/ (     
occupation2 b we mu/ be giv5 up to ,god 
)\t res]ve4  ,:5ev] we p]ceive )9 u     
anxi\s desires = any?+1 :atev] x may be1
 & f9d t nature is hurry+ u ) too mu*   
ha/e to d :atev] is to be done1 :e!r x  
be to say some?+1 see some?+1 or d      
some?+1 let u /op %ort & repress !      
precipitancy ( our ?\ghts & ! agitation 
( our actions2 = ,god has said t ,8 ,_s 
does n dwell 9 disquiet4  ,an excell5t  
means ( pres]v+ our int]ior solitude &  

lib]ty ( s\l is to make x a rule to put 
an end at ! close ( e action to all     
reflections ^u x1 all reflex acts (     
self-love1 :e!r ( a va9 joy or sorr[4   
,let u be accu/om$ to recollect         
ourselves1 dur+ ! day & 9 ! mid/ ( our  
occupations1 by a simple view ( ,god4   
,let u sil5ce by t means all ! movem5ts 
( our he>t1 :5 !y appe> 9 ! lea/        
agitat$4 ,let u sep>ate ourselves f all 
t does n come f ,god4 ,let u suppress   
our sup]flu\s ?\ghts & rev]ies4 ,let u  
utt] no useless ^w4 ,let u seek ,god )9 
u1 & we %all f9d ,him )\t fail1 & ) ,him
 joy & peace4  ,let u be c>eful n to    
suff] ourselves to be ov]:elm$ by !     
multiplicity ( our ext]ior op]ations1 be
 !y :at !y may4 ,let u endeavor to      
comm5ce e ent]prise ) a pure view to !  
glory ( ,god1 cont9ue x )\t di/raction1 
& f9i% x )\t impati5ce4 ,! int]vals (   
relaxation & amusem5t are ! mo/ dang]\s 
= u1 & p]haps ! mo/ useful = o!rs2 we   
mu/ !n be on our gu>d t we be z fai?ful 
z possible to ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,we c   

nev] employ our leisure h\rs bett] ?an 9
 refre%+ our spiritual /r5g? by a secret
 & intimate communion ) ,god4 ,pray] is 
s necess>y & ! s\rce ( s _m bless+s1 t  
he :o has discov]$ ! treasure c n be    
prev5t$ f hav+ rec\rse to x :5ev] he has
 an opportunity4                        
,indep5d5ce4  ,d n suff] y\rself to get 
excit$ by :at is said ab\t y4 ,let ! _w 
talk4 ,d y /rive to d ! w ( ,god2 z = t 
( m51 y w\ld nev] succe$ 9 do+ x to _!  
satisfaction1 & x is n wor? ! pa9s4     
,let ! wat] fl[ b5ea? ! bridge4 ,let m5 
be m52 t is to say1 weak1 va91          
inconsi/5t1 unju/1 false1 & presumptu\s4
 ,let ! _w be ! _w /ill2 y c n prev5t x4
 ,let e "o foll[ 8 own incl9ation &     
habits3 y c n reca/ !m1 & ! be/ c\rse is
 to let !m be z !y are & be> ) !m4 ,d n 
?9k x /range :5 y witness               
unreasonabl5ess & inju/ice2 re/ 9 peace 
9 ! bosom ( ,god3 ,he sees x all m      
cle>ly ?an y d1 & yet p]mits x4 ,be     
cont5t to d quietly & g5tly :at x       
becomes y to d1 & let ev]y?+ else be to 

y z ?\gh x 7 n4  ,z long z ! _w is any?+
 to u1 s long our fre$om is b a ^w1 & we
 are z easily captur$ z a bird ^: leg is
 fa/5$ by a ?read4 ,he seems to be free2
 ! /r+ is n visible1 b he c fly only its
 l5g?1 & he is a prison]4  ,d n be vex$ 
at :at p say4 ,let !m speak :ile y      
endeavor to d ! w ( ,god4 ,a little     
sil5ce1 peace1 & communion ) ,god w     
comp5sate y = all ! inju/ice ( m54 ,we  
mu/ love our fell[-be+s )\t dep5d+ on _!
 fri5d%ip4 ,!y leave u1 !y return1 & !y 
g f u aga94 ,let !m g or come2 x is !   
fea!r bl[n ab\t by ! w9d4 ,fix y\r      
att5tion ^u ,god alone 9 y\r connection 
) !m4 ,x is ,he alone :o1 ?r\gh !m1     
consoles or afflicts y4  ,possess y\r   
s\l 9 pati5ce4 ,r5ew (t5 )9 y ! feel+ ( 
! pres5ce ( ,god1 t y may le>n          
mod]ation4 ,!re is no?+ truly great b   
l[l9ess1 *>ity1 fe> ( ourselves1 &      
deta*m5t f ! dom9ion ( s5se4 ,accu/om   
y\rself gradually to c>ry pray] into y\r
 daily occupations4 ,speak1 move1 act 9 
peace z if y 7 9 pray]4 ,d ev]y?+ )\t   

eag]ness z if by ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,z soon z
 y p]ceive y\r natural impetuosity      
impell+ y1 retire into ! sanctu>y :]e   
dwells ! ,fa!r ( spirits2 li/5 to :at y 
he> !re2 & !n nei!r say nor d any?+ b   
:at ,he dictates 9 y\r he>t4 ,y w f9d t 
y w become m tranquil1 t y\r words w be 
few] & m to ! purpose1 & t ) less ef=t y
 w accompli% m good4 ,:5 ! he>t is fix$ 
on ,god x c easily accu/om itself to    
susp5d ! natural movem5ts ( ard5t feel+1
 & to wait = ! favorable mom5t :5 !     
voice )9 may speak4 ,?is is ! cont9ual  
sacrifice ( self1 & ! life ( fai?4      
,! ,faults ( ,o!rs4  ,p]fection is      
easily tol]ant ( ! imp]fections ( o!rs2 
x becomes all ?+s to all m54 ,we mu/ n  
be surpris$ at ! greate/ defects 9 good 
s\ls1 & mu/ quietly let !m alone until  
,god gives ! signal ( gradual removal2  
o!rwise we %all pull up ! :eat ) ! t>es4
  ,!y :o correct o!rs ought to wat* !   
mom5t :5 ,god t\*es _! he>ts2 we mu/ be>
 a fault ) pati5ce till we p]ceive ,8   
,_s reproa*+ !m )94 ,we mu/ imitate ,him

 :o g5tly reproves1 s t !y feel t x is  
less ,god t condemns !m ?an _! own      
he>ts4 ,:5 we blame ) impati5ce1 because
 we are displeas$ ) ! fault1 x is a     
human c5sure & n ! disapprobation (     
,god4 ,x is a s5sitive self-love t c n  
=give ! self-love ( o!rs4 ,! m self-love
 we h1 ! m sev]e our c5sures4 ,!re is   
no?+ s vexati\s z ! collisions betwe5 "o
 excessive self-love & ano!r /ill m     
viol5t & excessive4 ,! passions ( o!rs  
are inf9itely ridicul\s to ^? :o are "u 
! dom9ion ( _! own4 ,! ways ( ,god are v
 diff]5t4 ,he is ev] full ( k9dness = u2
 ,he gives u /r5g?2 ,he reg>ds u ) pity 
& condesc5sion2 ,he rememb]s our        
weakness2 ,he waits = u4  ,i am v sorry 
= ! imp]fections y f9d 9 human be+s1 b y
 mu/ le>n to expect b little f !m2 ?is  
is ! only security aga9/ disappo9tm5t4  
,we mu/ receive f !m :at !y are able to 
give u1 z f trees ! fruits t !y yield4  
,god be>s ) imp]fect be+s ev5 :5 !y     
resi/ ,8 goodness4 ,we ought to imitate 
?is m]ciful pati5ce & endurance4 ,x is  

only imp]fection t compla9s ( :at is    
imp]fect4 ,! m p]fect we are1 ! m g5tle 
& quiet we become t[>d ! defects ( o!rs4
  ,! defects ( our neighbors int]f]e )  
our own2 our vanity is w\nd$ by t (     
ano!r2 our own haught9ess f9ds our      
neighbor's ridicul\s & insupportable2   
our re/lessness is rebuk$ by !          
sluggi%ness & indol5ce ( ?is p]son2 our 
gloom is di/urb$ by ! gayety & frivolity
 ( t p]son2 & our he$lessness by !      
%rewdness & address ( ano!r4 ,if we 7   
faultless we %\ld n be s mu* annoy$ by !
 defects ( ^? ) :om we associate4 ,if we
 7 to ackn[l$ge hone/ly t we h n virtue 
en\gh to be> pati5tly ) our neighbor's  
weaknesses1 we %\ld %[ our own          
imp]fection1 & ?is al>ms our vanity4 ,we
 !re=e make our weakness pass = /r5g?1  
elevate x to a virtue1 & call x zeal4 ,=
 x is n surpris+ to see h[ tranquil we  
are ab\t ! errors ( o!rs :5 !y d n      
tr\ble u1 & h[ soon ?is wond]ful zeal   
k9dles aga9/ ^? :o excite our jeal\sy or
 we>y our pati5ce4                      

,n ,p]fect 9 a ,mom5t4  ,nei!r 9 ,8     
graci\s nor provid5tial deal+s does ,god
 "w a miracle lightly4 ,x w\ld be z     
great a wond] to see a p]son full ( self
 become 9 a mom5t dead to all           
self-int]e/ & all s5sitiv5ess z x w\ld  
be to see a slumb]+ infant wake 9 !     
morn+ a fully develop$ man4 ,god works 9
 a my/]i\s way 9 grace z well z 9       
nature1 conceal+ ,8 op]ations "u an     
imp]ceptible succession ( ev5ts1 & ?us  
keeps u always 9 ! d>kness ( fai?4  ,he 
makes use ( ! incon/ancy & +ratitude ( !
 creature1 & ( ! disappo9tm5ts &        
surfeits :i* accompany prosp]ity1 to    
deta* u f !m bo?4 ,all ?is deal+ appe>s 
p]fectly natural1 & x is by ?is         
succession ( natural means t we are     
burnt z by a sl[ fire4 ,we %\ld l to be 
consum$ at once by ! flames ( pure love2
 b su* an end w\ld co/ u sc>ce any?+4 ,x
 is only an excessive self-love t       
desires ?us to become p]fect 9 a mom5t1 
& at s *eap a rate4  ,we cl+ to an      
inf9ity ( ?+s :i* we nev] suspect2 we   

only feel t !y are a "p ( u :5 !y are   
snat*$ away1 z ,i am only consci\s t ,i 
h hairs :5 !y are pull$ f my head4 ,god 
develops to u little by little :at is )9
 u1 ( :i* we are until !n entirely      
ignorant1 & we are a/oni%$ at discov]+ 9
 our v virtues defects ( :i* we %\ld    
nev] h believ$ ourselves capable4  ,god 
sp>es u by discov]+ our weakness to u 9 
proportion z our /r5g? to support ! view
 ( x increases4 ,we discov] our         
imp]fections "o by "o z we are able to  
cure !m4 ,)\t ?is m]ciful prep>ation t  
adapts our /r5g? to ! light )91 we %\ld 
be 9 despair4  ,to ! s9c]e desire to d !
 w ( ,god we mu/ add a *e]ful _s t is n 
ov]come :5 x has fail$1 b tries aga9 &  
aga9 to d bett]2 hop+ always to ! v end 
to be able to d x2 be>+ ) its own       
involunt>y weakness z ,god be>s ) x2    
wait+ ) pati5ce = ! mom5t :5 x %all be  
deliv]$ f x2 go+ /raight on 9 s+l5ess ( 
he>t accord+ to ! /r5g? t x c comm&2    
los+ no "t by look+ back1 nor mak+      
useless reflections :5 x falls1 :i* c   

only emb>rass & ret>d its progress4 ,!  
fir/ sight ( our little fail+s %\ld     
humble u1 b we mu/ press on2 n judg+    
ourselves ) a ,judaical rigor2 n reg>d+ 
,god z a spy wat*+ = our lea/ (f5se1 or 
z an enemy :o places sn>es 9 our pa?1 b 
z a ,fa!r :o loves & wi%es to save u2   
tru/+ 9 ,8 goodness1 invok+ ,8 bless+1 &
 d\bt+ all o!r support4 ,?is is true    
lib]ty4                                 
,humility4  ,! f\ndation ( peace ) all  
m5 is humility4 ,pride is incompatible )
 pride2 h5ce arise divisions 9 ! _w4 ,we
 mu/ /ifle all ris+ jeal\sies2 all      
little contrivances to promote our own  
glory2 va9 desires to please or to      
succe$1 or to be prais$2 ! fe> ( see+   
o!rs pref]r$ to ourselves2 ! anxiety to 
h our plans c>ri$ into effect2 ! natural
 love ( dom9ion & desire to influ5ce    
o!rs4 ,^! rules are soon giv51 b x is n 
s easy to obs]ve !m4 ,) "s p1 n only    
pride & hauteur r5d] ^! duties v        
difficult1 b great natural s5sitiv5ess  
makes ! practice ( !m ne>ly impossible1 

&1 in/ead ( respect+ _! neighbor ) a    
true feel+ ( humility1 all _! *>ity     
am\nts only to a sort ( compassionate   
tol]ation t ne>ly resembles contempt4   
,humility is ! s\rce ( all true         
greatness2 pride is ev] impati5t1 ready 
to be (f5d$4 ,he :o ?9ks no?+ is due to 
him nev] ?9ks himself ill-treat$2 true  
meekness is n m]e temp]am5t1 = ?is is   
only s(tness or weakness4  ,!re is no   
true & con/ant g5tl5ess )\t humility2   
:ile we are s fond ( ourselves we are   
easily (f5d$ ) o!rs4 ,let u be p]suad$ t
 no?+ is due to u1 & !n no?+ w di/urb u4
 ,let u (t5 ?9k ( our own infirmities1 &
 we %all become indulg5t t[>d ^? ( o!rs4
                                ,daily  
,faults4  ,little faults become great 9 
our eyes 9 proportion z ! pure light (  
,god increases 9 u1 j z ! sun 9 ris+    
reveals ! true dim5sions ( objects :i* 7
 dimly & confus$ly discov]$ dur+ !      
night4 ,be sure t1 ) ! increase ( !     
inw>d light1 ! imp]fections :i* y h     
hi!rto se5 w be beheld z f> great] & m  

deadly 9 _! f\ndations ?an y n[ conceive
 !m1 & t y w witness1 9 addition1 !     
developm5t ( a cr[d ( o!rs1 ( ! exi/5ce 
( :i* y h n n[ ! slighte/ suspicion4 ,y 
w f9d ! weaknesses necess>y to deprive y
 ( all confid5ce 9 y\r own /r5g?2 b ?is 
discov]y1 f> f disc\rag+1 w b s]ve to   
de/roy y\r self-reliance1 & raze to !   
gr\nd ! edifice ( pride4  ,our faults1  
ev5 ^? mo/ difficult to be>1 w all be ( 
s]vice to u if we make use ( !m = our   
humiliation )\t relax+ our ef=ts to     
correct !m4 ,we mu/ be> ) ourselves )\t 
ei!r flatt]y or disc\ragem5t1 a mean    
seldom atta9$4 ,utt] despair (          
ourselves1 9 consequ5ce ( a conviction (
 our helplessness & unb\nd$ confid5ce 9 
,god1 is ! true f\ndation ( ! spiritual 
edifice4  ,disc\ragem5t is n a fruit (  
humility1 b ( pride2 no?+ c be worse4   
,suppose we h /umbl$1 or ev5 fall51 let 
u rise & run aga92 all our falls are    
useful if !y /rip u ( a disa/r\s        
confid5ce 9 ourselves1 :ile !y d n take 
away a humble & salut>y tru/ 9 ,god4    

,c>efully purify y\r consci5ce f daily  
faults2 suff] no s9 to dwell 9 y\r he>t2
 small z x may seem1 x obscures ! light 
( grace1 weighs d[n ! s\l1 & h9d]s t    
con/ant communion ) ,jesus ,*ri/ :i* x  
%\ld be y\r pleasure to cultivate2 y w  
become lukew>m1 =get ,god1 & f9d y\rself
 gr[+ 9 atta*m5t to ! creature4 ,! great
 po9t is nev] to act 9 opposition to !  
inw>d light1 b be will+ to g z f> z ,god
 w\ld h u4                              
,motives4  ,god does n s mu* reg>d our  
actions z ! motives ( love f :i* !y     
spr+1 & ! pliability ( our wills to ,84 
,m5 judge our de$s by _! outw>d         
appe>ance2 ) ,god1 t :i* is mo/ dazzl+ 9
 ! eyes ( m5 is ( no acc\nt4 ,:at ,he   
desires is a pure int5tion1 a w ready = 
any?+ & ev] pliable 9 ,8 h&s1 & an hone/
 ab&onm5t ( self2 & all ?is c be mu* m  
frequ5tly manife/$ on small ?an on      
extraord9>y occasions2 !re w also be mu*
 less dang] f pride1 & ! trial w be f> m
 se>*+4 ,inde$1 x sometimes happ5s t we 
f9d x h>d] to "p ) a trifle ?an ) an    

important int]e/2 x may be m ( a cross  
to ab&on a va9 amusem5t ?an to be/[ a   
l>ge sum 9 *>ity4  ,! greate/ dang] (   
all consi/s 9 ?is1 t by neglect+ small  
matt]s ! s\l becomes accu/om$ to        
unfai?fulness4 ,we grieve ! ,holy ,_s1  
we return to ourselves1 we ?9k x a      
little ?+ to be want+ t[>d ,god4 ,on !  
o!r h&1 true love c see no?+ small2     
ev]y?+ t c ei!r please or displease ,god
 seems to be great4 ,n t true love      
di/urbs ! s\l ) scruples1 b x puts no   
limit to its fai?fulness2 x acts simply 
) ,god2 & z x does n conc]n itself ab\t 
^? ?+s :i* ,god does n require f x1 s x 
nev] hesitates an in/ant ab\t ^? :i* ,he
 does1 be !y great or small4            
,true ,pray]4  ,true pray] is only ano!r
 "n = ! love ( ,god4 ,to pray is to     
desire--b to desire :at ,god w\ld h u   
desire4 ,he :o asks :at he does n f !   
bottom ( 8 he>t desire1 is mi/ak5 9 ?9k+
 t he prays4 ,o h[ few !re are :o pray2 
= h[ few are !y :o desire :at is truly  
good6 ,crosses1 ext]nal & int]nal       

humiliation1 r5\ncem5t ( our own wills1 
! dea? ( self1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( ,god's  
?rone ^u ! ru9s ( self-love1--^! are    
inde$ good4 ,n to desire ^! is n to     
pray2 to desire !m s]i\sly1 sob]ly1     
con/antly1 & ) ref]5ce to all ! details 
( life1--?is is true pray]4 ,alas6 h[ _m
 s\ls full ( self & ( an imag9>y desire 
= p]fection 9 ! mid/ ( ho/s ( volunt>y  
imp]fections1 h nev] yet utt]$ ?is true 
pray] ( ! he>t6 ,x is 9 ref]5ce to ?is t
 ,/4 ,augu/9e says1 ,he t love? little1 
praye? little2 he t love? mu*1 praye?   
mu*4  ,our int]c\rse ) ,god resembles t 
) a fri5d2 at fir/ !re are a ?\s& ?+s to
 be told & z _m to be ask$2 b aft] a "t 
^! dim9i%1 :ile ! pleasure ( be+ toge!r 
does n4 ,ev]y?+ has be5 said1 b !       
satisfaction ( see+ ea* o!r1 ( feel+ t  
"o is ne> ! o!r1 ( repos+ 9 ! enjoym5t (
 a pure & sweet fri5d%ip1 c be felt )\t 
conv]sation2 ! sil5ce is eloqu5t &      
mutually und]/ood4 ,ea* feels t ! o!r is
 9 p]fect sympa?y ) him1 & t _! two     
he>ts are incessantly p\r$ out into ea* 

o!r1 & con/itute b "o4  ,^? :o h /ations
 ( importance to fill h g5]ally s _m    
indisp5sable duties to p]=m t1 )\t !    
greate/ c>e 9 ! managem5t ( _! "t1 none 
w be left to be alone ) ,god4 ,if !y h  
ev] s little incl9ation to dissipation1 
! h\rs t belong to ,god & _! neighbor   
disappe> altoge!r4 ,we mu/ be firm 9    
obs]v+ our rules4 ,?is /rictness seems  
excessive1 b )\t x ev]y?+ falls into    
confusion2 we become dissipat$1 relax$1 
& lose /r5g?2 we ins5sibly sep>ate f    
,god1 surr5d] ourselves to all our      
pleasures1 & only !n beg9 to p]ceive t  
we h w&]$ :5 x is almo/ hopeless to ?9k 
( endeavor+ to return4                  
,! ,human ,w4  ,true virtue & pure love 
reside 9 ! w alone4 ,! "q is n1 ,:at is 
! /ate ( our feel+s8 ,b1 ,:at is !      
condition ( our w8 ,let u w to h :atev] 
we h1 & n to h :atev] we h n4 ,we w\ld n
 ev5 be deliv]$ f our suff]+s1 = x is   
,god's place to apportion to u our      
crosses & our joys4 ,9 ! mid/ (         
affliction we rejoice1 z did ! apo/les2 

b x is n joy ( ! feel+s1 joy ( ! w4 ,!  
fai?ful s\l has a w :i* is p]fectly     
free2 x accepts )\t que/ion+ :atev]     
bitt] bless+s ,god develops1 wills !m1  
loves !m1 & embraces !m2 x w\ld n be    
fre$ f !m if x c\ld be accompli%$ by a  
simple wi%2 = su* a wi% w\ld be an act  
orig9at+ 9 self & contr>y to its        
ab&onm5t to ,provid5ce2 & x is desir\s t
 ?is ab&onm5t %\ld be absolutely p]fect4
  ,! important "q is1 n h[ mu* y enjoy  
religion1 b :e!r y w :atev] ,god wills4 
,! ess5ce ( virtue consi/s 9 ! attitude 
( ! w4 ,t k+dom ( ,god :i* is )9 u      
consi/s 9 our will+ :atev] ,god wills1  
always1 9 ev]y?+1 )\t res]vation4 ,?us  
no?+ c ev] come to pass aga9/ our wi%es2
 = no?+ c happ5 contr>y to ! w ( ,god4  
,! int]ior life is ! beg9n+ ( ! bless$  
peace ( ! sa9ts1 :o et]nally cry1 ,am51 
,alleluia6 ,we adore1 we praise1 we     
bless ,god 9 ev]y?+2 we see ,him        
incessantly1 & 9 all ?+s ,8 pat]nal h&  
is ! sole object ( our contemplation4   
,!re are no long] any evils2 = ev5 ! mo/

 t]rible t c come ^u u "w toge!r = our  
good4 ,c ! suff]+ t ,god designs to     
purify u & make u wor?y ( ,himself be   
call$ an evil8  ,happy is he :o nev]    
hesitates2 :o fe>s only t he foll[s )   
too little read9ess2 :o w\ld r d too mu*
 aga9/ self ?an too little4 ,bless$ is  
he :o1 :5 ask$ = a sample1 boldly       
pres5ts 8 entire /ock & suff]s ,god to  
cut f ! :ole clo?4 ,x is ?\ght t ?is    
/ate is a pa9ful "o4 ,x is a mi/ake2 "h 
is peace & lib]ty2 "h ! he>t1 deta*$ f  
ev]y?+1 is immeasurably enl>g$1 s z to  
become illimitable2 no?+ cramps x2 &1 9 
accordance ) ! promise1 x becomes1 9 a  
c]ta9 s5se1 "o ) ,god ,himself4  ,true  
progress does n consi/ 9 a multitude (  
views1 nor 9 au/]ities1 tr\ble1 & /rife2
 x is simply will+ no?+ & ev]y?+1 )\t   
res]vation & *oice1 *e]fully p]=m+ ea*  
day's j\rney z ,provid5ce appo9ts x = u3
 seek+ no?+1 refus+ no?+1 f9d+ ev]y?+ 9 
! pres5t mom5t1 & suff]+ ,god1 :o does  
ev]y?+1 to d ,8 pleasure 9 & by u )\t ! 
slighte/ resi/ance4                     

,v>i\s ,advices4  ,y may be ex]cis$ 9   
self-r5unciation 9 e ev5t ( e day4      
,peace 9 ?is life spr+s f acquiesc5ce   
ev5 9 disagreeable ?+s1 n 9 an exemption
 f suff]+4   ,:oev] w refuse no?+ :i*   
comes 9 ! ord] ( ,god1 & seek no?+ out (
 t ord]1 ne$ nev] fe> to f9i% 8 day's "w
 )\t p>tak+ ( ! cross ( ,jesus ,*ri/4   
,!re is an indisp5sable provid5ce =     
crosses z well z = ! necess>ies ( life2 
!y are a "p ( our daily bread2 ,god w   
nev] suff] x to fail4   ,a life ( fai?  
produces two ?+s3 ,fir/1 x enables u to 
see ,god 9 ev]y?+2 secondly1 x holds !  
m9d 9 a /ate ( read9ess = :atev] may be 
,8 w4 ,?is cont9ual1 unceas+ dep5d5ce on
 ,god1 ?is /ate ( entire peace &        
acquiesc5ce ( ! s\l 9 :atev] may happ51 
is ! true sil5t m>tyrdom ( self4   ,) ! 
exception ( s91 no?+ happ5s 9 ?is _w out
 ( ! w ( ,god4 ,x is ,he :o is ! au?or1 
rul]1 & be/[] ( all2 ,he has numb]$ !   
hairs ( our head1 ! leaves ( e tree1 !  
s& ^u ! sea%ore1 & ! drops ( ! ocean4   
,?is is ! :ole ( religion3 to get out ( 

self 9 ord] to get into ,god4   ,to be a
 ,*ri/ian is to be an imitator ( ,jesus 
,*ri/4 ,9 :at c we imitate ,him if n 9 8
 humiliation8 ,no?+ else c br+ u ne> to 
,him4 ,we may adore ,him z omnipot5t1   
fe> ,him z j1 love ,him ) all our he>t z
 good & m]ciful1 b we c only imitate    
,him z humble1 submissive1 poor1 &      
despis$4   ,:at m5 /& mo/ 9 ne$ ( is ! k
 ( ,god4 ,x is n a/oni%+ t m5 d s little
 = ,god1 & t ! little :i* !y d co/s !m s
 mu*4 ,!y d n "k ,him2 sc>cely d !y     
believe t ,he exi/s4 ,if ,he 7 kn[n ,he 
w\ld be lov$4   ,?\ cause/ me cle>ly to 
und]/& t ,?\ make/ use ( ! evils &      
imp]fections ( ! creature to d ! good   
:i* ,?\ ha/ det]m9$ be=eh&4 ,?\         
conceale/ ,?yself "u ! importunate      
visitor :o intrudes ^u ! occupation (   
,?y impati5t *ild1 t he may le>n n to be
 impati5t1 & t he may die to !          
gratification ( be+ free to /udy or "w z
 he pleases4 ,?\ availe/ ,?yself (      
sl&]\s tongues to de/roy ! reputation ( 
,?9e innoc5t *ildr51 t1 besides _!      

innoc5ce1 !y may (f] ,!e ! sacrifice (  
_! too highly *]i%$ reputation4 ,by !   
cunn+ artifices ( ! envi\s ,?\ laye/ l[ 
! =tunes ( ^? ^: he>ts 7 too mu* set ^u 
_! prosp]ity4 ,?us ,?\ m]cifully /rewe/ 
bitt]ness ov] ev]y?+ t is n ,?yself1 to 
! end t our he>ts1 =m$ to love ,!e & to 
exi/ ^u ,?y love1 may be1 z x 71        
con/ra9$ to return to ,!e by a want (   
satisfaction 9 ev]y?+ else4    ,o 'tis  
en\gh :ate'er befall1   ,to "k t ,god is
 all 9 all4   ',tis ?is :i* makes my    
treasure1     ',tis ?is :i* br+s my ga92
   ,conv]t+ woe to pleasure1     ,&     
reap+ joy f pa94                        
,madame ,guyon4    ,!re are 9 !         
l\d-/unn+ tide     ,( human c>e & crime1
   ,) :om ! melodies abide     ,( !     
ev]la/+ *ime1   ,:o c>ry music 9 _! he>t
   ,?r\gh dusky lane & wrangl+ m>t2     
,ply+ _! daily task ) busi] feet1       
,because _! secret s\ls a holy /ra9     
repeat4                                 
,keble4                                 
,footnotes   #a,?is edition ( ! ,lett]s1

 edit$ by ,h4 ,l4 ,sidney ,le>1 is also 
publi%$ by ! ,longmans ( ,london4 ,!re  
is an abridg$ edition1     9 pap]1 =    
fifte5 c5ts1 = sale by ,george ,w4      
,mc,calls1     ,philadelphia1 :o also   
publi%es ,fnelon's ,*ri/ian ,c\nsel1    
,spiritual ,lett]s ( ,madame ,guyon1    
,life ( ,dr4 ,john ,taul]1 &     o!r    
simil> books4 ,! five mo/ important     
,lives ( ,fnelon are by     ,e4 ,k4     
,s&]s1 ,longmans1 ,london1 #aija2 by    
,visc\nt ,/4 ,cyres1     ,me?u5  ,co41  
,london1 #aija2 by ,h4 ,l4 ,sidney ,le>1
 ,riv+tons1     ,london1 #ahgg2 by ,dr4 
,t4 ,c4 ,upham1 ,h>p]s1 ,new ,york1     
#ahdf2 & by     ,*>les ,butl]1 ,esq41   
,john ,murray1 ,london1 #ahai4  #b,quot$
 9 ,! ,am]ican ,presbyt]ian & ,!ological
 ,review =     ,octob]1 #ahfc1 page     
#fgd1 & also 9 ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's  
,cyclop$ia1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 page #ebi4     
#c,! celebrat$ hi/orian ( ! ,re=mation1 
,j4 ,h4 ,m]le d',aubigne1     :o di$ at 
,g5eva 9 #ahgb1 0 desc5d$ f ! same      
family4  #d,! pr9cipal s\rces (         

in=mation on ?is important subject (    
,my/icism1 f :i* we h drawn & to :i* we 
w\ld ref] su*     read]s z wi% to       
inve/igate ! "q fur!r1 are !     foll[+3
 ,*ri/ian ,my/icism1 by ,william ,ralph 
,+e1 be+ !     ,bampton ,lectures =     
#ahii2 ,vaughan's ,h\rs ,) ! ,my/ics2   
articles 9 ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica2  
,s*aff-,h]zog ,cyclop$ia2               
,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia2     
articles 9 ! ,me?odi/     ,qu>t]ly      
,review = ,janu>y1 #ahfj1 ,janu>y1      
#ahfi1 & ,july1 #ahgh2     v>i\s ,*ur*  
,hi/ories1 & ,hi/ories ( ,doctr9e1      
toge!r )     ! ,lives & ,writ+s ( ! ma9 
,my/ics m5tion$ 9 ! pres5t     *apt] & !
 *apt] :i* foll[s4  #e;,ev5 ,sp9oza     
said1 ,he t w\ld love ,god aright mu/ n 
seek to be     lov$ 9 return2 & ,goe!   
confess$ himself haunt$ by ?is          
wond]ful say+4 ,x is fully 9 accord ) ! 
fact t ! mo/     *ivalr\s & g5]\s       
fri5d%ip is nev] conc]n$ ab\t paym5t    
9 k9d1 ab\t :at x %all get 9 return2 x  
only asks !     privilege ( lov+ & (    

p\r+ itself out un/9t$ly = its          
belov$4 ,dis9t]e/$ness %\ld n probably  
be press$ z a     requirem5t ^u m9ds n  
capable ( su* heights1 b x has a        
gr&eur t appeals sometimes to ne>ly all4
 ,?is 0 especially     ! case 9 an age  
:5 ,jesuit *eapjacks 7 accu/om$ to      
haggle     ) ,god = ! price ( ! s\l1 &  
discuss :e!r x 0     necess>y to love   
,him once 9 a week or once 9 a ye>1 or  
:e!r     salvation might n be pur*as$   
/ill m *eaply at ! price (     "o act ( 
love 9 a lifetime4  #f;,+e says3 ,fi]y  
en]gy & unre/+ indu/ry *>act]iz$ ,/4    
,john ( ! ,cross4 ,no "o ev] climb$ !   
rugg$ peaks ( ,mt4     ,c>mel ) m h]oic 
c\rage & pati5ce4 ,8 life %[s :at       
trem5d\s moral =ce is g5]at$ by complete
 self-surr5d] to     ,god4 ,8 rew>d 0   
fell[%ip ) ,*ri/ 9 suff]+4  #g,see      
,honey f ,_m ,hives1 ga!r$ by ,rev4     
,james ,mudge1 ,new ,york1     ,eaton & 
,ma9s1 #ahii4 ,l>ge quotations also f   
,francis ( ,sales     are giv5 9 ?is    
volume1 & f _m o!r ,my/ical writ]s4     

#h;,fnelon1 on s5d+ ! manuscript to !   
,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is us$     ^! words3 ,i h
 done :at ,i believ$ to be my duty1 & ,i
 leave     ! re/ to ,god4 ,i d n c>e    
ab\t my "w4 ,i am n ev5 anxi\s     ab\t 
tru?1 ,god w c>e = x4                   
,transcrib]'s ,notes   --,reta9$        
publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3
 ?is e,book   is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry
 ( publication4  --,creat$ cov] & sp9e  
images bas$ on elem5ts 9 ! book4        
--,sil5tly correct$ a few palpable      
typos4  --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9
 italics is delimit$ by   und]scores4