,hathi,trust ,digital ,library47 ,,new ,,series ,,number #dj ,,the ,,journal ,,of ,,prison ,,discipline ,,and ,,philanthropy ,,published ,,annually ,,under ,,the ,,direction ,,of 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society40 ,,instituted ,,may #hth1 #aghg4 ,,january1 #aija4 ,,office3 ,,state ,,house ,,row ,s4 ,w4 ,,corner ,,fifth ,,and ,,chestnut ,,streets ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,constitution ,,of ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society4 ,when we consider that the obligations of benevolence1 which are founded on the precept and examples of the ,author of ,christianity1 are not cancelled by the follies or crimes of our fellow-creatures1 and when we reflect upon the miseries1 which penury1 hunger1 cold1 unnecessary severity1 unwholesome apartments1 and guilt 7the usual attendants of prisons7 involve with them1 it becomes us to extend our compassion to that part of mankind who are the subjects of those miseries4 ,by the aid of humanity their undue and illegal sufferings may be prevented2 the link which should bind the whole family of mankind together1 under all circumstances1 be preserved unbroken2 and such degree and modes of punishment may be discovered and suggested as may1 instead of continuing habits of vice1 become the means of restoring our fellow-creatures to virtue and happiness4 ,from a conviction of the truth and obligations of these principles1 the subscribers have associated themselves under the title of 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society40 ,for effecting these purposes they have adopted the following ,,constitution3 ,,article ,i4 ,the officers of the ,society shall consist of a ,president1 two ,vice-,presidents1 two ,secretaries1 a ,treasurer1 who may be an undoubted first-class ,trust and ,safe ,deposit ,company1 regularly chartered by the ,state or national authorities2 two ,counsellors1 and an ,acting ,committee2 all of whom shall first be nominated as suitable by the 8,committee on ,membership in the ,acting ,committee10 a standing committee of that body4 ,they shall be chosen by ballot at the annual meeting of the ,society to be held on the fourth ,thursday in the ,first month 7,january7 of each year1 and shall continue in office until their successors are elected4 ,no person shall be placed in nomination for officers of the ,society1 or as a member of the ,acting ,committee who shall not have been previously appointed by a standing committee of the ,acting ,committee called 8,the ,committee on ,membership in the ,acting ,committee40 ,a majority of the whole number of votes cast shall be required to elect any nominee4 ,in case an election for any cause shall not then be held1 it shall be the duty of the ,president to call a special meeting of the ,society1 within thirty days1 for the purpose of holding such election1 of which at least three days' notice shall be given4 ,,article ,,ii4 ,the ,president shall preside in all ,meetings1 and subscribe all public acts of the ,society4 ,he may call special meetings whenever he may deem it expedient1 and shall do so when requested in writing by five members4 ,in his absence one of the ,vice-,presidents may act in his place4 ,,article ,,iii4 ,the ,secretaries shall keep fair records of the proceedings of the ,society1 and shall conduct its correspondence4 ,,article ,,iv4 ,the ,treasurer shall keep the moneys and securities1 and pay all orders of the ,society1 or of the ,acting ,committee signed by the presiding officer and the ,secretary1 and shall present a statement of the receipts and expenditures at each stated meeting of the ,society1 and an ,annual ,report at the annual meeting in the ,first month 7,january74 ,all investments and re-investments shall be made by the ,treasurer only with the advice and consent of a majority of the members of the ,finance ,committee of the ,acting ,committee4 ,all bequests and life subscriptions shall be safely invested1 only the income thereof to be applied to the current expenses of the ,society4 ,,continued ,,on ,,third ,,page ,,of ,,cover4 ,illustration3 ,,office ,,of ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society1 ,fifth and ,chestnut ,sts41 ,philadelphia4 ,,new ,,series ,,number #dj ,,the ,,journal ,,of ,,prison ,,discipline ,,and ,,philanthropy ,,published ,,annually ,,under ,,the ,,direction ,,of 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society40 ,,instituted ,,may #h,,th1 #aghg4 ,,january1 #aija4 ,,office3 ,,state ,,house ,,row ,s4 ,w4 ,,corner ,,fifth ,,and ,,chestnut ,,streets ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society 7,,formerly ,,called ,,the ,,philadelphia ,,society ,,for ,,alleviating ,,the ,,miseries ,,of ,,public ,,prisons47 ,place of ,meeting1 ,state ,house ,row1 ,philadelphia4 ,s4 ,w4 ,cor4 ,fifth and ,chestnut ,sts4 ,at the #aadth ,annual ,meeting of 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society10 held on the evening of the ,first month 7,january7 #bdth1 #aija1 the ,editorial ,board 7appointed to take charge of the ,journal and papers and the ,annual ,report71 consisting of ,,rev4 ,r4 ,,heber ,,barnes1 ,,charles ,m4 ,,morton1 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,,rev4 ,h4 ,,cresson ,,mchenry and ,,rev4 ,,george ,a4 ,,latimer1 presented the draft of the ,annual ,report4 ,the ,society directed the ,editorial ,board to print #ejjj copies1 and to make such alterations and additions as they thought proper4 ,the report to be signed by the ,president and ,secretary4 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,secretary4 ,editorial ,board for #aija3 ,,rev4 ,r4 ,,heber ,,barnes1 ,chairman2 ,,charles ,m4 ,,morton1 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,,rev4 ,h4 ,,cresson ,,mchenry1 ,,rev4 ,,george ,a4 ,,latimer4 ,persons receiving the ,journal are invited to correspond with1 and send any publications on ,prison and ,prison ,discipline1 and articles for the ,journal1 to the ,chairman of the ,editorial ,board1 #fjj ,north ,thirty-second ,street1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 or to the ,general ,secretary1 ,philadelphia1 ,s4 ,w4 cor4 ,fifth and ,chestnut ,streets4 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,office ,s4 ,w4 cor4 ,fifth and ,chestnut ,streets1 ,philadelphia1 is the ,general ,secretary of the ,society1 giving especial attention to the ,eastern ,penitentiary4 ,j4 ,j4 ,,camp1 ,agent for ,county ,prison1 appointed by the ,inspectors1 acts under their direction1 and aids the ,prison ,society4 ,,frederick ,j4 ,,pooley is ,agent for the ,county ,prison1 appointed by the ,prison ,society4 ,,officers ,,of ,,the ,,society ,,for #aija4 ,president3 ,,caleb ,j4 ,,milne4 ,vice ,presidents3 ,,rev4 ,,herman ,l4 ,,duhring1 ,d4,d41 ,,george ,w4 ,,hall4 ,treasurer3 ,,charles ,m4 ,,morton4 ,secretaries3 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,,frederick ,j4 ,,pooley4 ,counselors3 ,,hon4 ,,wm4 ,n4 ,,ashman1 ,,henry ,s4 ,,cattell4 ,members of the ,acting ,committee3 ,william ,ingram1 ,rev4 ,william ,s4 ,neill1 ,rev4 ,joseph ,welch1 ,leonard ,n4 ,walker1 ,william ,t4 ,w4 ,jester1 ,joseph ,c4 ,noblit1 ,p4 ,h4 ,spellissy1 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,miss ,c4 ,v4 ,hodges1 ,john ,h4 ,dillingham1 ,rev4 ,robert ,w4 ,forsyth1 ,joseph ,hill ,brinton1 ,john ,woolman1 ,george ,guest ,williams1 ,rebecca ,p4 ,latimer1 ,dr4 ,emily ,j4 ,ingram1 ,thomas ,b4 ,watson1 ,rev4 ,floyd ,w4 ,tomkins1 ,wm4 ,scattergood1 ,mrs4 ,horace ,fassett1 ,rev4 ,wm4 ,t4 ,s4 ,lumbar1 ,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,lawrence1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,cresson ,mc,henry1 ,randolph ,h4 ,chappel1 ,mary ,s4 ,whelen1 ,esther ,strawbridge1 ,rev4 ,michael ,zara1 ,isaac ,slack1 ,william ,f4 ,overman1 ,william ,f4 ,schwartz1 ,william ,koelle1 ,rev4 ,john ,moncure1 ,charles ,f4 ,cripps1 ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes1 ,j4 ,albert ,koons1 ,harry ,kennedy1 ,rev4 ,geo4 ,a4 ,latimer1 ,lindley ,h4 ,bedell1 ,catharine ,m4 ,shipley1 ,dr4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,stokes1 ,samuel ,l4 ,whitson1 ,layyah ,a4 ,barakat1 ,j4 ,henry ,bartlett1 ,george ,r4 ,meloney1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohl1 ,rev4 ,joseph ,j4 ,camp1 ,walter ,crossing1 ,william ,e4 ,tatum4 ,visiting ,committee1 the ,eastern ,state ,penitentiary3 ,charles ,m4 ,morton1 ,rev4 ,robert ,w4 ,forsyth1 ,joseph ,hill ,brinton1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,l4 ,duhring1 ,george ,guest ,williams1 ,rebecca ,p4 ,latimer1 ,john ,j4 ,lytle1 ,thomas ,b4 ,watson1 ,rev4 ,floyd ,w4 ,tomkins1 ,leonard ,n4 ,walker1 ,mrs4 ,horace ,fassett1 ,rev4 ,wm4 ,t4 ,s4 ,lumbar1 ,p4 ,h4 ,spellissy1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,cresson ,mc,henry1 ,randolph ,h4 ,chappel1 ,john ,h4 ,dillingham1 ,esther ,strawbridge1 ,rev4 ,michael ,zara1 ,mary ,s4 ,whelen1 ,william ,f4 ,overman1 ,william ,f4 ,schwartz1 ,isaac ,slack1 ,j4 ,albert ,koons1 ,charles ,f4 ,cripps1 ,william ,koelle1 ,lindley ,h4 ,bedell1 ,harry ,kennedy1 ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes1 ,samuel ,l4 ,whitson1 ,catharine ,m4 ,shipley1 ,rev4 ,geo4 ,a4 ,latimer1 ,george ,r4 ,meloney1 ,layyah ,a4 ,barakat1 ,dr4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,stokes1 ,walter ,crossing1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ohl1 ,j4 ,henry ,bartlett1 ,rev4 ,joseph ,welch1 ,rev4 ,william ,s4 ,neill1 ,william ,t4 ,w4 ,jester1 ,joseph ,c4 ,noblit1 ,william ,e4 ,tatum4 ,visiting ,committee1 the ,philadelphia ,county ,prisons3 ,george ,w4 ,hall1 ,mary ,s4 ,whelen1 ,mrs4 ,horace ,fassett1 ,william ,ingram1 ,frederick ,j4 ,pooley1 ,rev4 ,john ,moncure1 ,john ,woolman1 ,rev4 ,joseph ,j4 ,camp1 ,miss ,c4 ,v4 ,hodges1 ,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,lawrence1 ,rev4 ,william ,s4 ,neill1 ,catharine ,m4 ,shipley1 ,p4 ,h4 ,spellissy1 ,william ,t4 ,w4 ,jester1 ,layyah ,a4 ,barakat4 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,,committees ,,of ,,the ,,society ,,for #aija4 ,visiting ,committee to ,chester ,county ,prison4 ,,william ,,scattergood4 ,visiting ,committee to ,delaware ,county ,prison1 and the ,counties of the ,state at ,large4 ,,deborah ,c4 ,,leeds4 ,visiting ,committee1 the ,house of ,correction4 ,,lindley ,h4 ,,bedell1 ,,mary ,s4 ,,whelen1 ,,wm4 ,t4 ,w4 ,,jester1 ,,rev4 ,,wm4 ,s4 ,,neill1 ,,deborah ,c4 ,,leeds1 ,,john ,,woolman1 ,,rev4 ,,john ,,moncure1 ,,rev4 ,h4 ,,cresson ,mc,h,e,n,r,y1 ,,catharine ,m4 ,,shipley1 ,,layyah ,a4 ,,barakat4 ,,standing ,,committees4 ,library4 ,,lindley ,h4 ,,bedell1 ,,frederick ,j4 ,,pooley1 ,,william ,,ingram4 ,accounts4 ,,joseph ,c4 ,,noblit1 ,,william ,f4 ,,overman1 ,,thomas ,b4 ,,watson4 ,membership in the ,acting ,committee4 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,,dr4 ,,wm4 ,c4 ,,stokes1 ,,george ,w4 ,,hall1 ,j4 ,,henry ,,bartlett1 ,,rev4 ,h4 ,,cresson ,mc,h,e,n,r,y4 ,finance4 ,,rev4 ,r4 ,,heber ,,barnes1 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,,charles ,m4 ,,morton1 ,,george ,w4 ,,hall1 ,,lindley ,h4 ,,bedell4 ,memorials of ,deceased ,members4 ,,rev4 ,,george ,a4 ,,latimer1 ,,rev4 ,,john ,,moncure4 ,aid and ,employment of ,discharged ,prisoners4 ,,isaac ,,slack1 ,,rev4 ,,herman ,l4 ,,duhring1 ,,rev4 ,,joseph ,,welch1 ,,william ,,koelle1 ,,charles ,f4 ,,cripps1 ,f4 ,j4 ,,pooley1 ,,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,,lawrence1 ,,mrs4 ,,horace ,,fassett1 ,,rev4 ,,wm4 ,s4 ,,neill1 ,,miss ,c4 ,v4 ,,hodges4 ,police ,matrons at ,station ,houses4 ,,dr4 ,,emily ,j4 ,,ingram1 ,,mary ,s4 ,,whelen1 ,,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,,lawrence4 ,editorial1 of the ,journal4 ,,rev4 ,r4 ,,heber ,,barnes1 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,,charles ,m4 ,,morton1 ,,rev4 ,h4 ,,cresson ,mc,h,e,n,r,y1 ,,rev4 ,,geo4 ,a4 ,,latimer4 ,auditing ,committee4 ,,rev4 ,r4 ,,heber ,,barnes1 ,,lindley ,h4 ,,bedell1 ,,george ,w4 ,,hall4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents4 ,,page ,twentieth ,century ,view of the ,public ,mind #g ,reformation of ,prisoners2 ,change of ,sentiment #g ,the ,eastern ,state ,penitentiary #h ,parole and ,indeterminate ,sentence #h ,acting ,committee ,work2 ,official ,visitors #i ,prison ,agent2 ,care of ,discharged ,prisoners #i ,philadelphia ,county ,prison1 ,moyamensing #aj 8 8 8 ,woman's ,ward and ,work #aa 8 8 8 ,annex1 ,holmesburg ,junction #aa ,house of ,correction1 ,holmesburg ,junction #ab ,juvenile ,offenders1 and this ,city's ,cost of ,crime #ac ,police ,matrons2 ,needs of a ,woman's ,reformatory #ad ,,report ,,of ,,general ,,secretary4 ,general ,work and ,observation #ae ,correspondence and ,work of the ,acting ,committee #af ,the ,eastern ,state ,penitentiary1 ,relief of the ,discharged #ag ,silent ,teachers2 ,cases of ,interest #ah ,the ,officers #bj ,philadelphia ,county ,prison and ,annex #bj ,some ,cases of ,interest #ba ,chester ,county ,prison1 ,delaware ,county ,prison1 and others #bb ,statistics of ,visitations to ,prisoners #bb ,police ,matrons #bc ,in ,memoriam1 ,henry ,m4 ,laing1 late ,treasurer #bd ,,gathered ,,from ,,reports ,,and ,,other ,,sources4 ,change of ,treatment ,urged--,state ,n4 ,y4 #be ,state ,prison ,dilemma #bg ,how to ,deal ,with ,wicked ,men #bg ,where ,death ,penalty is ,needed #bh ,the ,lock-,step #bh ,grading and ,classifying of ,prisoners #bi ,reclaimed ,criminals by ,parole ,laws #bi ,proposed ,marriage ,reform #cj ,contract2 ,price-,piece2 ,state ,account #ca ,convict ,labor on ,state ,farms #ca ,road ,making for ,convicts #ca ,industrial ,reformatories #cb ,massachusetts ,state ,reformatory1 ,concord #cb ,illinois ,state ,reformatory1 ,pontiac #cc ,the ,juvenile ,court of ,chicago #cc ,sloyd ,work2 ,novel ,punishment #cd ,the ,whipping-,post #cd ,the ,bertillon ,system #ce ,results of ,treatment of the ,insane #cf ,havana ,prisons1 ,cuba #cg ,australian ,prison ,reform #ch ,prisons in ,old ,paris #ch ,model ,french ,prison #ci ,siberian ,banishment #ci ,norway ,prison #dj ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,national ,,prison ,,congress4 ,address of ,welcome1 ,governor ,george ,k4 ,nash #da ,m4 ,w4 ,beacom1 ,welcome from ,mayor1 ,john ,h4 ,farley #db ,response by ,hon4 ,frederick ,h4 ,wines1 ,,ll4,d4 #db ,address1 ,captain ,edward ,s4 ,wright1 ,president of the ,congress #dc ,annual ,sermon1 ,rev4 ,ward ,beecher ,pickard1 ,d4,d4 #dd ,annual ,address1 ,albert ,garvin1 ,president of the ,association #de ,joseph ,f1 ,scott1 8,civil ,service in ,prison0 #df ,address1 ,chaplain ,wm4 ,j4 ,batt1 ,concord1 ,mass4 #dg ,address1 ,chaplain ,wm4 ,a4 ,locke1 8,prison ,methods0 #dg ,address1 ,chaplain ,d4 ,r4 ,imbrie1 8,decade of ,prison ,reform0 #dh ,hon4 ,f4 ,h4 ,wines on ,dr4 ,mc,kim's ,book #dh ,chaplain ,j4 ,f4 ,orwick on ,prison ,sunday #di ,oren ,c4 ,painter on ,prisoners' ,aid ,association1 ,baltimore #di ,address1 ,hon4 ,samuel ,j4 ,barrows1 8,international ,congress0 #di ,address1 ,hon4 ,c4 ,v4 ,collins1 ,n4 ,y41 8,education ,among ,criminals0 #ea ,address1 ,prof4 ,chas4 ,r4 ,henderson1 8,sociological ,side of ,reform0 #eb ,judge ,martin ,dewey ,follett1 8,criminal ,law ,reform0 #ec ,george ,torrance1 8,preventative and ,reformatory ,work0 #ec ,dr4 ,h4 ,e4 ,allison1 ,n4 ,y41 8,preventative ,heredity of ,crime0 #ee ,captain ,c4 ,s4 ,tremby1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n41 8,discipline in the ,spanish ,war0 #ee ,mrs4 ,f4 ,a4 ,morton1 ,mass41 8,elementary ,practice in ,education0 #ee ,address1 ,rev4 ,august ,drahms 7,cal471 8,crime in ,civilized ,countries0 #ef ,hon4 ,f4 ,h4 ,wines1 ,,ll4,d41 ,washington1 ,d4,c41 8,the ,u4,s4 ,census0 #ef ,place of ,next ,congress ,meeting and ,entertainment #ef ,address1 ,jos ,f4 ,godoy1 ,sec'y ,mexican ,embassy1 ,washington1 ,d4,c4 #eg ,address1 ,hon4 ,eugene ,smith1 ,n4 ,y4 ,city1 8,the ,cost of ,crime0 #eg ,joseph ,f4 ,scott1 ,mass41 8,the ,indeterminate ,sentence0 #ei ,testimonial to ,z4 ,r4 ,brockway1 late of ,elmira ,reformatory #ei ,address1 ,j4 ,warren ,meade1 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y41 8,prison ,discipline0 #ei ,memorial ,tribute to ,three ,departed ,members #fj ,wm4 ,chamberlain1 ,mich41 8,discipline in ,state ,penitentiary0 #fj ,j4 ,warren ,baily1 ,mass41 8,discharged ,prisoners0 #fj ,amos ,w4 ,butler1 ,indiana 8,state ,parole0 #fa ,prof4 ,r4 ,g4 ,henderson1 ,chicago1 8,psychological ,laboratory0 #fa ,mrs4 ,d4 ,c4 ,leeds1 ,phila41 8,woman's ,prison or ,reformatory0 #fb ,complimentary ,resolutions2 ,closing ,remarks #fb ,,journal ,,of ,,prison ,,discipline ,,one ,,hundred ,,and ,,fourteenth ,,annual ,,report #aghg4 ,,of #aija4 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society40 ,in the beginning of this ,twentieth ,century the public mind seems to have given more thought to the reformation of the prisoner1 and his care after he goes out1 rather than to the security of bolts and bars to hold him for the limited time4 ,the march of progress is to treat him more like a man capable of being partially educated and taught some craft that he may follow when the sentence is ended or when paroled4 ,to this end1 the statute law of our ,commonwealth allowing only a small per centage of convicts to be employed1 has been a drawback to progress1 until all the ,boards of ,inspectors and ,wardens 7influenced by public opinion7 have had the courage to use their better judgment4 ,convicts in our penitentiaries should1 if physically able1 be required to labor1 both on the grounds of health1 and of sound public policy1 and such labor should as far as practicable1 be such as will aid in paying the entire cost of their keeping4 ,military discipline and prison discipline--and still more1 prison science--are essentially unlike1 for one deals with men in the mass1 while the other individualizes to the finest possible point4 ,thirty-five years ago there was almost a complete indifference in the public mind concerning the reformation of prisoners1 but now1 the progress of the times seems to be fast changing sentiment1 and leading onward to the requirements of a stated law making our penitentiaries more of a reformatory nature2 prisoners classified1 merit of grades1 and employment in manual work for health4 ,no doubt many of our prisons and county jails would require inexpensive additional buildings for reformatory plans2 this would give work for many of the convicts under proper direction4 ,it may be said that at the ,eastern ,penitentiary there is no room for additional buildings2 but where there is a will1 a way is generally found1 though the space might be a little cramped and exclude a part of the current of air over the roofs of the present plant4 ,,the ,,eastern ,,penitentiary has at this date1 ,january #ast1 #a1aae prisoners in #gej cells1 which cells are intended for one prisoner each4 ,so we see how our long-cherished cellular or separate system of ,pennsylvania 7still on the statute book7 is fast passing into the congregate1 though all foreign countries are even now following our former plan as the best4 ,our prison ,wardens1 ,chaplains1 and ,official ,visitors by their oft personal visitations in the cells1 have done faithful work endeavoring to reform the morals of the men1 but after all1 only a small percentage can be determined as really reformed from crooked ways1 for many return a second or more times4 ,much of the kindly suggestions and godly teachings are lost to the official visitor by having to address two or more in a cell at one time1 at the ,eastern ,penitentiary4 ,therefore1 the sooner we arrive at the introduction of the ,reformatory ,system1 7known as such7 and applied to all our penal institutions1 the more hopeful for all our charges and benefit to the community in general4 ,the ,reformatory ,system has four main principles as established in ,massachusetts4 #ast4 ,classification and advancement by merit4 #bnd4 ,education and ,sloyd work4 #crd4 ,trades and manual training4 #dth4 ,parole and care of those discharged4 ,this ,state has not yet introduced a ,parole ,system1 though such a law has twice been passed by the ,legislature and vetoed by different ,governors4 ,at the beginning of this century1 the bill appears for the third time1 but it is not intended to affect those now in custody4 ,an ,indeterminate sentence law is still a future possibility of the new century4 ,at the last ,national ,prison ,congress of ,wardens and ,state ,delegates held at ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 ,sept4 #aijj1 the ,indeterminate ,sentence ,system1 was unanimously recommended4 ,the ,official ,state delegates of this ,prison ,society present at that ,congress were1 ,mrs4 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,john ,j4 ,lytle1 and ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes1 whose report will be found further on4 ,the matter of a ,house of ,detention1 for our first-class cities1 juvenile prisoners between #h and #af years1 has made but little progress1 and it still awaits consent to appropriate one of our unused school-houses for that purpose4 ,the inequality of sentences often come to the knowledge of the ,acting or ,visiting ,committee1 both at the ,penitentiary and the ,county ,prison2 and we often wonder that our ,judges do not adopt some uniform length of sentences1 especially for first imprisonments for minor offences4 ,the ,acting ,committee of #ej of this ,society1 and who are official visitors to the ,eastern ,penitentiary and ,county ,prison and annex1 have been untiring in their efforts to reform those whom they have visited in their cells4 ,the monthly reports show that members of the ,visiting ,committee have made the past year #gca visits to prisoners at the ,eastern ,penitentiary on #ae1faf prisoners1 and at the ,county ,prison and ,convict ,dept4 ,holmesburg1 #hdh visits to #f1aia prisoners4 ,our female members visit the female prisoners in both institutions4 ,kind-hearted willing souls are found among the subscribers of our ,society1 who are willing to freely give and have spent their time and money for the recovery of those who have stumbled and fallen4 ,what we need most is a classification of prisoners1 that all may be employed in some work1 and a merit system4 ,the nearest approach to a merit system now is a shortened term or commutation for good behavior1 and every man receives his pardon from the ,governor which restores him to citizenship4 ,eastern ,penitentiary ,board of ,inspectors have done wisely in the sanitary improvements of the institution the past year1 under the direction of our esteemed warden1 ,d4 ,w4 ,bussinger4 ,the place once so cold and cheerless1 has been brightened up and made scrupulously clean1 and the foul draughts of air are no more4 ,the fronts of out-buildings have been rebuilt and present an appearance of firmness and stability4 ,the cells are kept neat and clean1 and the food is much better1 being in a larger variety1 and by careful economy1 at no greater cost4 ,when you reach a man's stomach with good things1 it seems to brighten up his countenance2 every visitor realizes this4 ,the men have daily exercise in the yard1 for health2 and an instrumental band has been formed of those in the bakery department1 and allowed in the rotunda two evenings in a month to entertain the entire population of the institution2 they have become very creditable performers4 ,our ,prison ,agent1 ,john ,j4 ,lytle1 is at the ,penitentiary nearly every day of the year1 and in advance of a man's going out1 provides through this ,society what the ,state does not1 a new suit of clothing when needed1 and procures a railroad ticket if he is to go to some distant home1 and then when the man has a place to work 7if a trade71 he provides tools and a suitable boarding-place until the man is able to do for himself4 ,after a time he may have fallen1 or met with misfortune1 and again he comes for help that he may again be placed in position where he can earn a support2 in all these cases the prisoner is identified by his prison number1 which no man ever forgets4 ,in order to carry on this work for the discharged prisoners1 the income from the funds of the ,society is but a third of what is needed2 and as the ,legislature and ,governors have failed the past six years to grant the ,society the accustomed #cjjj annually1 we have been compelled to solicit donations from benevolent donors for the discharged prisoners of the ,eastern ,penitentiary4 ,the aid given for the discharged prisoners of the ,county ,prison1 is from the income of the ,society4 ,it seems hardly just that we be compelled to solicit for discharged prisoners of the ,eastern ,penitentiary from ,philadelphians1 when many of the convicts are sent there from most of the eastern counties4 ,,philadelphia ,,county ,,prison1 ,,moyamensing4--,a recent personal inspection of every nook and corner of this old prison 7erected #ahce7 revealed the fact1 that under the present ,board of ,inspectors1 with generous modern ideas for alterations and improvements1 it might truly be called an up-to-date city prison2 scrupulously clean and in order everywhere1 inside and out4 ,our highly esteemed ,superintendent1 ,robert ,c4 ,motherwell1 ,jr41 shows his especial adaptation to the work2 for during the past year #de1fhh persons passed in and out under his eye1 about #c1hjj per month2 of these the received were white males1 #ag1ghh2 white females1 #a1hhi2 black males1 #b1ejh2 black females #fec4 ,total1 #bb1hce2 of these #ecb were boys under sixteen years old4 ,total discharged1 #bb1hec4 ,this large number of juveniles1 caused the remark of a keeper1 that if he had to choose between the care of #ab boys or #ejj men1 he would prefer the latter4 ,these boys are never placed in a felon's cell1 but in a portion especially assigned them1 and are always apart from the other older prisoners4 ,all the repairs or alterations are done by the convicts1 and many are employed in the shops4 ,there is now a first-class steam-heating arrangement1 and electric plant with sufficient voltage for an electrocution-chair in place of the gallows1 if the ,state so directed4 ,in connection with this1 is a ,kenyun steam disinfectant apparatus 7the latest and most approved device7 for the renovation of clothing1 mattresses1 and bedding from vermin1 microbes1 and possible contagion2 treating it by high pressure of steam then by vacuum4 ,the officers of the ,moyamensing prison are all well tried conscientious men1 and have a very promiscuous lot of people to deal with4 ,there is a very good library of #b1gjj volumes1 used by all the male departments1 besides other reading matter is furnished4 ,the cleanliness and hygienic atmosphere of all the corridors and cells could not pass unnoticed4 ,three religious services are held in this prison every ,sunday1 and excellent volunteer choirs contribute1 which are greatly appreciated4 ,illustration3 ,,philadelphia ,,county ,,prison1 ,moyamensing4 ,rev4 ,joseph ,j4 ,camp1 the highly-esteemed ,prison ,agent of the ,inspectors for the past sixteen years1 interviews many prisoners brought in1 and often goes to court when the case comes up for trial4 ,mr4 ,frederick ,j4 ,pooley1 our meritorious ,prison ,agent of the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society1 is doing good work and assists the ,rev4 ,jos4 ,j4 ,camp4 ,he has to do principally with those minor cases which are discharged with short detention and without trial1 by order of the magistrates4 ,the ,acting or ,visiting ,committee of this ,society appointed to the ,county ,prison1 have done good work in aiding reform of both men and women2 often have helped to shed that ray of light into the heart of some suffering one1 by kindly advice and good reading matter2 some have even taken pains to look after many women on their discharge1 keeping in touch with their better interests long after4 ,the ,woman's ,ward1 under the care of ,miss ,anna ,b4 ,harshaw1 matron1 impresses you as one whose genial disposition and good judgment1 well prepares her for the care of her charges4 ,during the past year there were received #a1hhi white women and #fec black2 average1 #bab per month4 ,on ,january #ast1 there remained #fb convicts and #cc awaiting trial4 ,the entire building is clean and neat1 even the cells1 the kitchen1 storeroom1 and laundry3 here twenty women are daily at work1 7do the work by hand7 for the whole institution1 a number are employed in making up and repair of clothing1 for the men also4 ,they have a good library and other reading matter1 and are often visited by the ladies of the ,acting ,committee4 ,,county ,,prison ,,convict ,,department1 ,,holmesburg ,,junc41 ,under the efficient care of ,capt4 ,charles ,a4 ,abel1 ,deputy ,superintendent1 a recently constructed plant1 to which are sent all the convicts of the county's charge1 the number at present being about #dej4 ,they have various kinds of trades work 7limited of course74 ,this institution is the same as all the penal institutions of the ,state1 save one1 lacks two things3--classification or grades1 and manual work for all the convicts4 ,there is a large choir of colored men1 who1 on ,sunday afternoons1 in the rotunda afford1 pleasure for the rest of the institution1 as part of the religious exercises4 ,in all these departments of the ,county ,prison1 ,sunday religious exercises are provided1 and often good volunteer choirs1 under the direction of the management4 ,the ,county ,prison's daily charge is little more than eleven hundred4 ,,at ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting1 ,january1 #aija1 ,george ,w4 ,hall1 our high esteemed ,treasurer for the past years1 tendered his resignation1 and was unwilling to be re-elected to that office on account of recent sorrow and apparent failing health1 desiring to be relieved from some of the responsible active duties and cares of this life4 ,we appreciate his good judgment1 and a ,trust ,company was appointed until the annual meeting when ,charles ,m4 ,morton was elected to fill this office2 unwilling to part with our faithful officer1 he was elected one of its ,vice-,presidents4 ,,house ,,of ,,correction1 at ,holmesburg ,junction1 usually has about #hjj inmates1 and consists of those sent there for drunkenness or for minor offences committed through intoxication4 ,most of these are compelled to work2 a large number in the stone quarry1 facing stone1 and breaking for road-dressing1 different sizes are sifted by hand labor4 ,on ,sunday all are required to be at chapel service and they have many reasonable privileges4 ,it is a very well conducted institution in which this ,society takes an interest2 but the majority1 on being dismissed immediately return to their dissipated habits and are often recommitted4 ,heretofore these prisoners were taken from the lower part of the city1 on police tugboats to the ,house of ,correction wharf1 but in consequence of the ,act of ,congress recently going into effect1 some other plan is devised until the boats are modified4 ,the new law requires that the boats shall carry a sufficient number of lifeboats in proportion to the number of prisoners1 and as the tugboats are only equipped with one yawl they cannot be used for this work until the necessary changes are made4 ,,juvenile ,,offenders4 ,judge ,audenried believes in a sound spanking1 as a more beneficial punishment than imprisonment1 when a lad first shows inclination towards evil1 and many times rather than send a boy to the ,house of ,refuge1 he has allowed him to go upon the parents promising no longer to spare the rod4 ,illustration3 ,,philadelphia ,,county ,,prison1 ,convict ,department1 ,holmesburg ,junction4 ,a matter of great importance to our ,commonwealth1 to cite a case--a girl of fourteen years was recently convicted of petty larceny1 sentenced to prison for three months4 ,appeal for mercy1 on the ground of first offence1 did not avail4 ,but to jail1 to be influenced for a worse career1 instead of a reformative effect4 ,the courts could not be held accountable for this state of affairs4 ,indeed it would be hard to find anywhere a more conscientious and just judge than ,judge ,biddle1 before whom the case came4 ,our ,judges are not lawmakers1 and must interpret the law as it exists1 and follow the statutory provisions enacted by the ,legislature1 and there is no discretionary or limited powers4 ,it is deplorable that offenders of tender years should not receive intelligent and discriminating treatment under the law4 ,but the fault is in the inadequacy of the law4 ,pennsylvania seems to be far behind some other ,states in penal1 and particularly in reformative legislation respecting children4 ,in other ,states1 notably ,michigan1 ,iowa1 ,illinois1 ,massachusetts1 legislation has been provided for juvenile and adult offenders1 which has already born much fruit and promises greater results for the future4 ,the working of the probation system in ,massachusetts--where it has been in operation nine years appears to have more than justified the hopes of those who introduced the reforms4 ,in ,massachusetts more than #e1jjj are released annually on probation1 and the relapses to criminal life are very few4 ,the system seems specially adapted to minors4 ,there is every reason why ,pennsylvania should take some forward step in enacting laws relating to young offenders4 ,where modern legislation of this character has been tried it has had very great beneficial influence in reforming offenders and saving them from a criminal life1 and in addition has saved the ,state money4 ,where we were clearly shown at the last ,national ,prison ,congress1 that our actual cost of crime in ,philadelphia was #c4ej per capita for the whole population of the country1 equal to #c1bej1jjj for this city it seems appalling1 and we need to use the best known methods of reform to lessen the exacting taxation4 ,,the ,,police ,,matrons at our station-houses have all proved well chosen and competent helps to the distressed wife and children1 and to many a young girl who has commenced a life of shame brought under their observation by the officers4 ,the entire number of women reported by the sixteen matrons1 during the fiscal year as under their charge was #d1bcc4 ,of these many were aged1 demented and homeless2 those lost or seeking shelter were #ggc4 ,many were young1 some strangers in the city1 and to city life1 who were restored1 by a little effort1 to respectable homes2 some victims of the crimes of others or shamed and discouraged by disgrace4 ,the entire number of children reported is #b1igh4 ,brought by parents1 #bgi4 ,brought on personal charges for offences1 #gef4 ,lost1 #a1dih4 ,the monthly reports of these devoted ,matrons1 to the ,associated ,committees1 are filled with special cases of interest1 and stir all true devotion to earnestness to devise new plans to reach and help the sufferers4 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,w4 ,fletcher of the #fth ,district and ,mrs4 ,j4 ,poole of the #aith ,district are the oldest matrons in the work1 having held appointment since ,september1 #ahhf4 ,mrs4 ,fletcher has to do with that known as the tenderloin section1 ,eleventh street above ,race4 ,within this district dwells a larger portion of girls and women whose vocation makes them liable to arrest more than any of the other thirty districts4 ,mrs4 ,fletcher has proved well-fitted for the work1 the combination of good common sense1 sympathetic gentleness and determined spirit which is hers1 is one that is needed in the ,sixth ,district more than any other perhaps4 ,mrs4 ,fletcher speaks of the many unfortunate girls brought to her as 8her girls40 8,they are to be pitied as much as condemned4 ,force of circumstances1 ,i have learned1 drives the majority of them into the lives they lead4 ,contact with them has taught me that few of them are wholly bad4 ,many can be made to see the folly of vice and led to abandon it40 ,she speaks authoritatively1 and keeps track of many reclaimed1 who are happy in their several employments as wage-earners1 and owe their present happiness to her timely advice and sympathy4 ,chinatown is in this division1 and it exerts its worst influence2 but kindness wins4 ,they are not locked up in cells1 but the matron places them in an upper room or ward4 ,the matron is very seldom used roughly1 her appearance seems to command respect1 even from the most abandoned4 ,she often accompanies them to court trial1 and it is a comfort to them1 they never fail to appreciate4 ,all our seventeen police matrons seem to be well-fitted for their work4 ,some of our lieutenants who have heretofore opposed having matrons for the female portion at station-houses1 are beginning to see the folly of their former judgment4 ,our statute law requires every station-house to have a matron4 ,why is it not obeyed in the other fourteen districts8 ,,woman',s ,,prison4--,the women of the city of ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 are urging the establishment there of a ,woman's ,prison4 ,how much better if it were a ,reformatory4 ,this is sadly needed in ,state of ,pennsylvania1 and especially in ,philadelphia for the #cej women in our ,penitentiary1 ,county ,prison and ,house of ,correction2 at the present time there is a movement to ask the ,legislature to establish a ,reformatory prison for women in the eastern part of ,pennsylvania4 ,illustration3 ,,mrs4 ,l4 ,w4 ,,fletcher1 ,police ,matron1 ,sixth ,district1 ,philadelphia4 ,,twelfth ,,annual ,,report ,,of ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,,general ,,secretary4 ,in presenting this1 my ,twelfth ,annual ,report1 ,i feel more and more solemnly impressed with the magnitude of the work in which ,i have been for so many years engaged1 the importance of which cannot be overestimated and ,i have faithfully endeavored to perform my duty1 seeking for ,divine guidance in all of my undertakings4 ,the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society has its officers and an ,acting ,committee of fifty other members1 who1 by act of the ,legislature1 are made official visitors to the ,penitentiary and ,county ,prisons4 ,they are particularly interested in visiting the ,eastern ,penitentiary and the two ,county ,prisons in this city1 and the ,house of ,correction--though we have members who visit the ,county ,prisons of the ,state and make reports to the ,general ,committee4 ,the members1 after a careful visitation of the convicts in their cells1 endeavor to gain their confidence1 and thus become friends to them1 which is kept up frequently long after their discharge4 ,we encourage a correspondence with them after they leave the prison1 so that we can retain an influence over them for good and continued good4 ,many interesting letters have been received1 showing that what has been done was warmly appreciated1 and instances are not wanting where they are leading honest lives1 and are willing to admit that the lives they had been leading were dragging them down in ruin and could thankfully say that their incarceration had been a blessing to them1 and they had determined with the ,lord's help1 to lead better lives4 ,we have earnest1 faithful ,christian women members of the committee who visit the women prisoners of the ,penitentiary1 the ,county ,prisons1 and the ,house of ,correction4 ,in this connection ,i desire to call attention to the efforts which are being made to establish a temporary ,home for discharged women prisoners1 an institution which has been much needed1 where they can remain a short time until they can obtain situations1 in the meantime being under ,christian influences4 ,there is also the ,howard ,institution for discharged women prisoners1 situated on ,popular street1 near ,sixteenth street1 where they have a comfortable home and are taught house-work and laundry1 and being expected to stay at least six months1 there is hope for reformation for those who desire to lead better lives4 ,,correspondence4 ,there continues to be an increasing interest in the subject of ,penology1 very much attributed to the publicity given through the meetings of the ,national ,prison ,congress held in various parts of the country4 ,i receive very many letters asking for information and especially from libraries asking for complete files of our 8,journal of ,prison ,discipline and ,philanthropy10 speaking of it as a very valuable publication4 ,as our back numbers are now all disposed1 and as requests continue to pour in upon us1 ,i would be pleased if any to whom this ,journal is sent1 have back numbers previous to #aijj which they do not wish to keep1 would send to the ,secretary ,fifth and ,chestnut ,sts41 ,phila42 it would enable us to fill orders from libraries4 ,,work ,,of ,,the ,,society ,,and ,,its ,,acting ,,committee4 ,the ,acting ,committee meets monthly when reports are received from the ,visiting ,committee of the ,eastern ,state ,penitentiary1 the two ,county ,prisons1 ,house of ,correction1 8,associated ,committee of ,women on ,police ,matrons10 ,general ,secretary and from many of the ,county ,prisons of the ,state4 ,it is much to be regretted that the press of our city gives so much publicity to the time when noted criminals are discharged4 ,the impropriety of this is especially noticeable where the separate system prevails1 for it undoes the secrecy which is so essential to reform4 ,by it old crimes are recounted1 and no matter how much a man desires to reform the way is closed for his obtaining employment1 and he sees nothing else than to go back to his former criminal life4 ,every one should have an opportunity to reform1 and his former career should not be published to the world4 ,there have been cases where the press told in advance when a certain criminal was to be released1 and ,i have seen crowds of men and boys waiting to see such a one come out4 ,,the ,,eastern ,,state ,,penitentiary4 ,for the benefit of those who have not seen our former ,journals it may be again well to state that the institution is visited by a sub-committee of the ,acting ,committee set apart for this service1 to each of whom is assigned a particular division1 which he under the ,constitution and ,by-,laws is expected to visit 8at least once in two weeks and oftener if convenient40 7,extract from the ,constitution47 ,rev4 ,joseph ,welch and his able assistant1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,cresson ,mc,henry devote their whole time to visiting the prisoners1 and are doing a noble work for their spiritual good4 ,their task is a great one for with a population of over #a1bjj it taxes their time to the utmost--this then is where the members of the ,acting ,committee perform valuable service4 ,from monthly reports received from those members it appears that #gca visits have been made to the ,penitentiary during the past year1 and #ae1faf visits have been made to prisoners either inside the cells or at the cell doors4 ,as many of the members failed to send in reports1 the number visited will much exceed this4 ,the total amount expended for the relief of discharged prisoners from the ,eastern ,penitentiary and ,county ,prison during the year was #c1cfd4jc4 ,as the ,legislature has for many years failed to make any appropriation for furnishing clothes or tools to those discharged1 the whole burden of doing this rests upon our ,society4 ,our income is entirely inadequate to do even a tithe of this large expense4 ,we could only accomplish it by the liberality of our donors1 for which we thank them1 and desire their continued aid4 ,as for my own especial work at the ,eastern ,penitentiary1 ,i visit there daily in addition to the many other duties ,i have to perform in connection with my office as ,general ,secretary4 ,i feel as time rolls on solemnly impressed with the magnitude and importance of the work in which ,i have for many years been engaged4 ,no person leaves that prison without my visiting him several times previous to discharge1 ascertaining their needs1 and providing them with suitable clothes1 that they may make a respectable appearance in looking for work2 pleading1 too1 with them to give up all their sinful ways1 and give their hearts to the ,lord--for there are no joys comparable to the 8,joys of ,god's ,salvation40 ,as ,i visit from cell to cell1 not only at the time of discharge1 but long previous to that1 a feeling of awe comes over me as ,i realize that here is a soul to be saved or lost1 one who has had no thought or concern for his soul's salvation1 and the query arises1 have ,i1 have we as visitors1 done our duty1 our whole duty1 in telling him there is the promise that 8whosoever shall call upon the name of the ,lord shall be saved10 and that ,jesus ,christ our ,saviour and ,redeemer1 came into the world to seek and to save those that were lost1 and in ,him there is pardon and plenteous redemption4 ,i have during the past year made #ceb visits to the ,penitentiary1 and have seen and conversed with the convicts1 either in the cells or at the cell doors1 over #djjj times4 ,i have procured #afd railroad tickets for discharged prisoners to take them to their homes outside of the city1 and have taken many to the depots1 providing them with a good breakfast before starting4 ,the cost of these tickets was #cgg4ej4 ,i have assisted many after their discharge with temporary help1 starting them in business in a small way that they may become wage-earners1 thus preventing re-commitment4 ,tools are furnished to discharged prisoners when needed4 ,many have been aided in this way to obtain situations4 ,for some days before and after ,new ,year's ,i distributed the motto calendars to every prisoner1 visiting every cell and giving a word of counsel and encouragement1 and a hearty shake of the hand to most of the #a1bjj prisoners4 ,it has been gratifying to notice with what pleasure these ,new ,year's calls have been received1 as they respond1 8,a ,happy ,new ,year to you and many of them40 ,these ,christian motto calendars are hung up in their cells and are read over and over many times a day--such as these3 ,o6 the things ,,we call the ,,little sins1 ,are hateful in ,,god',s ,,sight2 ,,he counts ,,no ,,sin a ,,little sin1 ,nor calls a ,,wrong ,,deed--,right6 ,and ,,begin thou first with ,,little ,,things1 ,the smallest ,,sin ,,avoid and ,,hate2 ,obedience to ,,love adds wings1 ,and ,,little faith will grow to ,,great4 ,the statutes of the ,,lord are ,,right--6 ,,rejoicing the ,,heart4 7,,psalm ,,xix3 #h7 ,these silent messengers may be the means1 under the blessing of our ,heavenly ,father1 of reaching many souls and bringing them to ,christ1 their ,saviour4 ,,some ,,cases ,,of ,,interest ,,which ,,have ,,come ,,to ,,our ,,notice4 ,a young man left the ,eastern ,penitentiary1 perhaps three years ago1 for one of the cities in ,western ,pennsylvania1 determined to lead a new life4 ,he gave assurance of having sought and found in our ,lord ,jesus ,christ a full pardon for his old life and of his earnest purpose to walk in newness of life4 ,he joined the ,methodist ,church1 got good work1 married1 and has recently sent to his visitor1 a member of our committee1 a picture of their little baby4 ,he writes a bright1 happy letter4 ,a man who1 while in the ,penitentiary1 seemed to feel the tremendous evil of his past life and an earnest desire for a better one1 was led1 as we believe1 to pray and trust ,god's spirit1 we felt worked with him and not in vain4 ,he went into a foreign country1 and a few days ago we received a letter from him dated ,january #d1 #aija1 bright and happy1 hoping soon to return4 ,about nine years ago a man left the ,penitentiary and went to work for his brother-in-law1 who was a baker1 getting his board only4 ,after some months he came to me saying he wanted to earn some money for himself1 and asked me to get him work1 even if it was as a laborer on the street4 ,i dissuaded him from that1 and encouraged him to remain1 so that he might not only learn the business1 but also to establish for himself a reputation4 ,this advice was taken2 he joined the ,episcopal ,church4 ,i received a letter from his rector speaking in high terms of him4 ,he afterwards went to another brother-in-law in one of the interior cities of our ,state4 ,he remained there long enough to become thoroughly acquainted with that branch of business1 saving up all his wages--to-day he has two establishments of his own1 is married1 and doing well4 ,another is that of one who had a sentence of over twenty years for atrocious cruelty to an elderly couple in connection with a burglary--his second conviction4 ,it seemed almost a hopeless case1 but he was taken in hand by a faithful ,christian member of our committee1 joined the ,episcopal ,church1 and is a sincere ,christian1 faithful1 and trusted by his employer2 has been out over ten years4 ,another1 to show how difficult it is for a discharged prisoner to obtain a situation4 ,a man was discharged about whom there were strong doubts of his being guilty1 not a crime against property4 ,he was a skilled workman in an industry of which there are very few in this country1 and such men are in demand4 ,the foreman in the manufactory where he formerly worked agreed to take him the next morning4 ,calling the men together1 he informed them that he was going to take ---- back4 ,they said if he did they would all strike--they would not work with an ex-convict4 ,i boarded him for three weeks1 getting odd jobs now and then1 and finally sent him to ,new ,york1 where he has employment in the same branch of business--have had a letter thanking me for what ,i did for him4 ,very many such cases could be mentioned4 ,all these were aided on their leaving the prison4 ,,the ,,officers4 ,the warden1 ,d4 ,w4 ,bussinger1 who in the short time he has been in office has proved himself to be very efficient1 and has instituted many important reforms4 ,it is his aim to make it the model prison of the ,united ,states4 ,he thoroughly understands what is needed1 and is truly the right man in the right place4 ,george ,dorward1 called the 8,principal ,overseer10 is very faithful to his duties1 and living in some of the apartments of the ,penitentiary1 is always at hand to render efficient services to the warden4 ,the ,rev4 ,joseph ,welch1 the chaplain1 officially called the 8,moral ,instructor10 and his able assistant1 the ,rev4 ,h4 ,cresson ,mc,henry1 are earnestly desirous for the spiritual and temporal welfare of the prisoners1 and are ever on the alert to instil into their minds the necessity for a change in their lives1 to cease to do evil1 and learn to do well4 ,they devote their time to the good of the prisoner1 and the result cannot fail to be beneficial4 ,it is particularly gratifying that the ,moral ,instructor has such an able and valuable assistant4 ,i have again to thank the warden and all of the overseers for the valuable assistance rendered me in the prosecution of my work1 which requires much tact and judgment in determining what is best to be done in such cases4 ,,philadelphia ,,county ,,prison ,,and ,,annex4 ,the ,visiting ,committee report #hdh visits to the prison during the past year1 and including the new convict prison at ,holmesburg1 #f1aia visits reported to prisoners either in the cells or at the cell doors4 ,the prisons are in good condition1 and well kept1 and are models for county prisons4 ,it is much to be regretted that every one committed1 especially those before trial1 could not be kept in a separate cell4 ,many of those were in prison for the first time1 and often associated with hardened criminals1 thus rendering our county prisons the nurseries of crime4 ,robert ,c4 ,motherwell makes a most valuable and faithful ,superintendent4 ,too much credit cannot be given to the faithful visits of the lady members of the committee1 who have religious opportunities with the women1 and many of whom have had situations obtained for them1 and are known to be leading exemplary lives4 ,their mission does not cease with their release from prison1 but a watchful care is extended to them after their discharge4 ,the ,rev4 ,joseph ,j4 ,camp1 the ,prison ,agent1 appointed by the ,inspectors1 is also a member of the ,acting ,committee4 ,he has seen many years of service there1 and holds a position which is invaluable1 and could not well be dispensed with4 ,there are numberless cases of persons who should not be committed to the ,county ,prison4 ,those cases he faithfully investigates1 and secures from the magistrates their release as soon as possible4 ,very many boys run away from home1 stealing rides on freight trains--they are arrested1 and sent to prison4 ,he looks up such cases1 writes to the parents1 who reply that it is their desire that they should be sent back4 ,they are by that time very penitent1 and are put on the cars for home4 ,he acts1 too1 as a peacemaker between families4 ,we honor him for the good work he is doing4 ,frederick ,j4 ,pooley1 the agent of the ,society at the ,county ,prison is displaying much zeal and energy in the performance of his arduous duties1 and ,i can but repeat what ,i have heretofore said of him4 ,he is in love with his work1 and feels that ,god is blessing his services there4 ,he says that while there are many clouds along his pathway1 yet he sees more of the sunshine that leads him on to greater efforts in the work in which ,god has been pleased to call him4 ,his earnest desire is that he may be a benefit both in spiritual and temporal things to those who have become inmates of a prison-cell4 ,services are held there every ,sabbath in the morning for the men1 in the afternoon for the women4 ,once a month he has charge of the latter1 and is listened to with marked attention4 ,the committee as well as the management of the ,county ,prison is fortunate in securing the services of such a valuable assistant4 ,he takes especial interest in looking after the many boys who get into trouble--often runaways from home1 whom he sends back4 ,interesting letters have frequently been received from them4 ,some of the cases are worthy of mention4 ,one whom he sent to ,atlantic ,city writes thus3 8,i take pleasure in letting you know ,i have got work1 and to let you know what a little kindness and good advice will do for a poor fellow who is struggling to lead an honest life40 ,in reply1 he advised him to attend some place of worship and to keep from drink4 ,again the boy writes3 8,i will try to live up to your advice2 ,i attended church this ,a4 ,m41 the first time in years1 and with the help of ,god1 ,i cannot go wrong4 ,i am working every day1 but ,i am making an honest living--honest dollars are the best kind of dollars--,i have fully made up my mind to that40 ,a boy whom he sent home to his parents in ,newark1 ,n4 ,j41 writes3 8,i am going to work this ,p4 ,m41 and with ,god's help1 will try to make a man of myself40 ,another boy says1 8,i owe you a debt of gratitude that can never be paid20 and another writes1 8,i am going to night-school1 to church and ,sunday-school1 and am trying to be a good boy40 ,from a boy he sent home3 8,i arrived in ,baltimore safe1 and my mother met me at the depot4 ,i thank you very much for your kindness to me40 ,these are cases of boys who have ran away from home1 steal rides on freight cars and are arrested when they are arrived and sent to the ,county ,prison1 often put in with those who are adepts in crime1 their parents are written to1 who request that they be sent home4 ,if the money is not sent for the return fare1 the ,prison ,society pays it4 ,much good is done in this way4 ,,chester ,,county ,,prison4 ,william ,scattergood1 ,president of the ,board of ,inspectors1 and a member of the ,acting ,committee of our ,society visits that prison weekly4 ,he is much interested in the welfare of the prisoners4 ,it is well managed1 kept clean1 and is in an admirable condition4 ,a new wing has been erected for the women1 of whom they have very few4 ,,delaware ,,county ,,prison4 ,this prison is faithfully visited by ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 who reports it to be in good condition and well managed4 ,she holds services there very frequently1 which are much appreciated1 and her remarks are listened to with marked attention4 ,,other ,,county ,,prisons4 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds has been appointed 8,visitor to the ,county ,prisons of the ,state at ,large40 ,in virtue of this appointment1 she has visited many of the ,county ,prisons1 speaking to the inmates as way opens for it1 encouraging them to give up their evil ways and lead new and better lives1 looking unto the ,lord for help in this respect1 without which their efforts will be in vain4 ,,acting ,,committee ,,visits4 ,to ,eastern ,penitentiary #gca visits to #ae1faf ,prisoners4 ,to ,county ,prison1 ,annex1 and ,house of ,correction #hdh 8 8 #f1aia 8 ,genl4 ,secretary to ,eastern ,penitentiary #ceb 8 8 #d1jjj 8 ----- ------ #a1ica #be1hjg ,,police ,,matrons4 ,the ,associated ,committee of ,women on ,police ,matrons hold meetings monthly1 at which reports are received from the different station-houses where there are matrons in number4 ,a number of interesting cases are reported monthly1 of women missing trains1 and shelter given them until next morning1 feeble-minded women wandering from home--children lost1 etc4--,these are kindly cared for by the matrons4 ,it is sad to find such a large number who were arrested for being intoxicated4 ,thankful to my ,heavenly ,father that ,he has1 as ,i reverently believe1 called me to this work and that through all these years ,he has given me health and strength to perform it1 and that ,i may be more faithful in winning souls unto ,christ1 and invoking the ,divine blessing upon my labor1 and that ability may be given me to perform the service with increased zeal and earnestness1 with a single eye to the glory of ,god1 and to the advancement of the ,redeemer's kingdom on the earth1 this report is respectfully submitted4 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,general ,secretary4 ,at a meeting of the ,acting ,committee1 held #ajth month1 #ahth1 #aijj1 the ,committee on ,memorials for deceased members presented the following1 in relation to our late fellow-member1 ,henry ,m4 ,laing4 ,in ,memoriam4 ,,henry ,m4 ,,laing1 our late esteemed ,treasurer1 died at ,colorado ,springs1 ,colorado1 ,august #ast1 #aijj1 in his #hjth year4 ,funeral ceremonies were held at ,friends' ,meeting ,house1 #aeth and ,race street1 ,monday1 ,august #ac1 several members of our ,acting ,committee attending4 ,it seems fitting that there should be a minute of record of our esteemed brother1 who for nearly #bj years--#ahgc-ahib--served the society so honorably and so well1 as ,treasurer1 in the care of its funds1 and who had been an active member for many years1 beside also being a life member4 ,we revere his memory1 as one whom we desire to think of1 whose manly disposition and straightforward conscientious dealings led us all to regard most favorably4 ,full of years the ,lord called him1 and we hope to meet him beyond the river of death4 ,may this note be recorded1 and a copy sent to the surviving children by our ,secretary4 ,,gathered ,,from ,,reports ,,and ,,other ,,sources4 ,,change ,,of ,,treatment ,,urged4 ,at the discussion on criminals1 before the ,state ,board of ,charities and ,correction1 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 last ,december1 a change of treatment was urged1 that 8,reformation and not punishment should be the end sought40 ,dr4 ,wm4 ,p4 ,spratling1 ,medical ,superintendent of ,craig ,colony for ,epileptics1 said in part3 8,i would recommend the following3 ,first--,prevent insanity1 epilepsy1 imbecility1 idiocy1 and feeble-mindedness as far as possible by making it impossible for them to marry4 ,second--,by building less expensive structures in which defective and dependent ,state charges shall live4 ,third--,maintain at less cost the cases that are chronic and incurable1 and maintaining at even greater cost those that probably can be cured4 ,fourth--,by giving those that ought to have it an education that they can use in the institution that cares for them1 or that they may use in the outer world when they leave the institution40 ,thomas ,sturgiss1 of ,new ,york ,city1 chairman of the ,board of ,managers of the ,elmira ,reformatory1 read a paper on 8,the ,treatment of the ,criminal40 ,the object of the discussion was to devise some plan for the adoption of a true system of treatment in any and all penal institutions1 and the plan determined was 8,first--,centralization of prisons of every kind other than those of temporary detention only1 under ,state control4 8,second--,that all prisons shall be taken out of politics1 and that they shall be administered by men who are making this profession a scientific study and a life work4 8,third--,a classification of all criminals1 and a division of them among institutions according to such analysis4 8,fourth--,the specializing of such institutions to the end that each may receive only that class or classes to the treatment of which its situation1 its staff1 and its system are deliberately adapted4 8,fifth--,experience shows that such classification cannot be made by the courts1 for lack of time and absence of expert testimony4 ,provision should be made for such analysis by the head of the institution to which the prisoner is first sent1 and that subsequent transfer in accordance with such analysis should be legalized both as to the power of the transferring officer and of the prison to which the transfer is made4 8,sixth--,the adoption of the principle that reformation 7reformation of character7 and not punishment is the end sought by imprisonment1 with such application of the indeterminate sentence and the parole system as the class and condition of the prisoner and the character of the management may justify4 8,the time has gone by when we seek to punish the criminal simply4 ,punishment as a deterrent has failed4 ,we now seek to reform1 if we can1 and to seclude for the protection of society if we cannot4 ,education and training in self-control and in the ability to do useful wage-earning work1 are the basis of reform4 8,whatever the system in any prison1 it should contain1 high above everything else1 the element of hope4 ,this should never be abandoned while life lasts1 if the mental powers are normal4 ,omit this and you take away the strongest inspiration to reform and substitute despair4 ,include it and you give the guardian of the prisoner his strongest weapon2 and to the prisoner himself1 a gleam of light in the surrounding darkness1 shining from the open door through which1 if he wills it1 he may once again pass to finish his life experience under the conditions of freedom40 8,every prison from a jail up should be in some measure a reformatory1 an institution where the inmates received instruction in industrial pursuits1 in wage-earning labor1 in letters1 and moral precepts40 ,secretary ,mc,laughlin of the ,n4 ,y4 ,state ,prison ,commission1 stated that the present prison population of the ,state in custody was #aj1cej 7being a decrease in five years of #b1caa7 of these #a1aig were women of which #cdb were in the workhouse1 ,blackwell's ,island4 ,among the ,state improvements suggested were3 #a4 ,in order to furnish the convicts with employment under the present ,constitution1 further legislative restriction should cease and officers and institutions should comply with the law in good faith4 #b4 ,the state should furnish the prisons with new and modern buildings1 especially at ,sing ,sing and ,auburn4 #c4 ,the hope to see the lock-step and the prison stripes suppressed among the prisoners of the higher grades in every prison4 #d4 ,when prisoners1 whose education has been utterly neglected are received1 there should be compulsory education in the common ,english branches4 #e4 ,an efficient parole law should be adopted applicable to the ,state's prisons4 ,such a law is recommended by the ,commission and by the ,superintendent and wardens of prisons4 #f4 ,the ,state should watch over a man after his discharge from prison1 aid him in finding employment1 and in the meantime1 render him assistance if necessary4 #g4 ,it has been wisely suggested that even life prisoners should be under some system of parole4 ,probably by special enactment4 ,there are #agg life convicts1 many are not habitual criminals1 but convicted of murder in the second degree1 while in heat of passion or under the influence of liquor4 ,some have already served #bj to #dj years4 ,,state ,,prison ,,dilemma4 ,some 8prison reformers0 so-called1 seem to be laboring under the impression that it is possible to keep convicts profitably employed without subjecting free labor of some sort to competition4 ,a moment's reflection1 however1 shows that this impression is erroneous4 ,the best that can be done is to distribute industries in the prisons so as to reduce competition to the minimum1 and that it is the policy which the ,state is now pursuing4 ,a sash and door factory has just been established at ,sing ,sing1 the output of which is to be used in public buildings4 ,this leaves the market for sashes and doors practically to the free labor employed in that industry1 and yet the fact remains1 that but for this prison factory the ,state would have to patronize the other ones4 ,the ,amended ,constitution and recent legislation in conformity with it have rendered the task of keeping convicts at work a problem4 ,of course they might be employed piling and unpiling stones in the prison grounds for no other purpose than to prevent them from being idle4 ,but experience has proved that fruitless work of this sort is bad for convicts1 tending to demoralize them4 ,unless they are given something to do worth doing they grow morbid and ripe for further mischief4 ,road-making as an experiment may be worth trying4 ,the ,superintendent of prisons says he finds it exceedingly difficult to keep convicts employed without antagonizing the ,constitution1 until the ,legislature makes the present law mandatory4 ,,how ,,to ,,deal ,,with ,,wicked ,,men4 ,the prevention and cure of crime1 the best methods for this1 says ,frank ,b4 ,sanborn1 the political economist of ,massachusetts--why 8,prison science is in its infancy1 so far as the world at large is concerned40 ,pathetic and humiliating is the tardy advance made in this direction4 ,very provoking to the enlightened are the dull indifferences and frequent hallucination of the community in regard to the treatment of criminals4 ,gradually1 however1 there has grown up in regard to a large class of criminals1 the so-called 8first offenders10 most rapidly in these ,united ,states1 and chiefly in the past thirty years1 something that may justly be turned 8prison science40 ,its best examples are in the men's prison at ,elmira1 which is the outgrowth of ,mr4 ,brockway's half century of experience in controlling and instructing convicts1 and in the woman's prison at ,sherborn1 ,mass41 lately under the inspiring government of ,mr4 ,johnson4 ,as yet the criminals of longer habituation in guilt have come but little under this new development of prison science1 except that in some ,states they now receive an added sentence when proved to be an old offender4 ,but the tendency is where crime is best understood1 to establish a small class of 8incorrigibles10 for whom perpetual imprisonment shall be the sentence4 ,this is on the theory that such can never be safely returned to the community1 upon which they are found perpetually preying1 with a reasonable hope that they can be cured of evil habits4 ,from these1 should be distinguished a much greater class of criminals1 who are temporarily incorrigible1 but will yield to the methods1 somewhat prolonged4 ,,where ,,death ,,penalty ,,is ,,needed4 ,governor ,dockery1 of ,missouri1 in his message to the ,legislature of that ,state1 recommends a law prescribing the death penalty for kidnappers of children for ransom4 ,also recommends that it be enacted in every ,state4 ,it should also apply to another crime1 which our penal laws do not properly reach--railroad train wrecking1 which is often attended with a wholesale slaughter of life1 and those who commit it seldom receive their just punishment1 though abhorred and dreaded more than the ordinary murderer4 ,,the ,,lock-,,step4 ,at ,sing ,sing prison the lock-step has been abolished for first offenders2 it ought to be given up everywhere4 ,the men are often identified as having been to ,n4 ,y4 ,state ,prison by the shuffling habit2 a military step has been substituted4 ,superintendent ,collins has noticed that the lock-step has grown on a prisoner to such an extent1 that he will fall in behind people on the street unconsciously in true lock-step fashion4 ,a gang of convicts belonging to ,class ,a1 all carpenters or masons1 were sent to work on the new prison at ,mapanoch1 ,ulster ,co41 ,n4 ,y41 and #bej from ,clinton and ,auburn4 ,the new prison will cost #gjj1jjj4 ,it was first intended for a reformatory1 but the plan was changed to a ,state prison with accommodation for #a1jjj convicts4 ,,grading ,,and ,,classifying ,,of ,,prisoners4 ,from the ,report of the ,board of ,control1 ,iowa4 ,this is carefully done in all our reformatories1 but in the ,state penitentiaries and penal institutions very rarely4 ,it seems fitting now1 that the public desire is not only to hold the convict1 but to encourage self help1 by a system of regular graded or progressive classifications of prisoners1 based on character1 and operated on a system of marks4 ,hope should be made an ever present force in the minds of the prisoner1 by a system of rewards for good conduct1 that carries with it a promotion from a lower to a higher grade4 ,in connection with this system of classification1 a well regulated parole and indeterminate sentence law will be enacted by the ,legislature2 thereby placing the destiny of the prisoner in his own hands1 and by his own exertions to continually better his condition4 ,the object of imprisonment and prison government is for the protection of society and for the reformation of the prisoner4 ,it is plain the ,state does not discharge its obligation until one or both these objects have been clearly accomplished4 ,if the prisoner cannot be reformed1 he must be held indefinitely1 yet the parole system in connection with established grades may be so administered as to secure these results4 ,it is better than a definite sentence 7that does not reform7 without a provision of parole2 but more effective when coupled with the reformatory or indeterminate sentence1 because it makes a stronger appeal to the convict for his co-operation4 ,it is gratifying to know that this is to be introduced into all the ,state penal institutions of ,iowa4 ,,reclaimed ,,criminals ,,by ,,parole ,,laws4 ,it is only in recent years that the idea of making a good man out of a bad one has had any prominence in the penal system4 ,the old idea was simply to punish the criminal and lock him away from honest people so he could do them no more harm4 ,the actual result seemed to have proved that it made him more proficient in the school of crime4 ,in many ,states this evil still exists4 ,in ,new ,york ,state for example1 seventy per cent4 of the released convicts return to criminal lives4 ,several other ,states have tried the plan of releasing well-behaved convicts1 with comparatively clean records1 finding work for them1 and keeping them under surveillance until assured of their reform4 ,here are the results3 ,offenders ,redeemed4 ,returned to ,crime4 ,pennsylvania #he per cent4 #ae per cent4 ,ohio #ij 8 #aj 8 ,new ,jersey #ie 8 #e 8 ,indiana #id 8 #f 8 ,connecticut #ajj 8 ,none4 ,utah #ajj 8 ,none4 ,michigan #id 8 #f per cent4 ,alabama #if 8 #c 8 ,virginia #ajj 8 ,none4 ,minnesota #ib 8 #h per cent4 ,the convicts themselves are enthusiastic in praise of the new plan1 for many of them would prefer to lead honest lives if given a fair chance4 8,the ,star of ,hope10 a paper written and printed by the convicts of the ,n4 ,y4 ,state ,prisons1 is full of articles in favor of the parole system1 which the convicts hope to see adopted throughout the ,state4 ,at present1 it applies to the ,elmira ,reformatory only4 ,indiana ,state ,prison1 at ,michigan ,city1 has had the parole system in force three years2 #acb prisoners have been paroled1 #f have been returned for violation of their parole1 #b have failed to report1 and we do not know where they are4 ,we consider this a good showing for the management4 ,we have now #hj men on parole1 who make report promptly1 earning all the way from #e to #dj per month and their board1 in many cases caring for their families1 that would otherwise be a public charge upon the township where they live had the prisoner been kept in confinement4 ,,proposed ,,marriage ,,reform4 ,the ,tri-,state ,medical ,society of ,tennessee1 ,alabama and ,georgia1 in session at ,chattanooga1 have taken steps to secure medical ,legislation in those three ,states1 for the purpose of regulating or prohibiting the marriage of habitual criminals1 or persons afflicted with incurable diseases1 drunkards and victims of harmful drugs4 ,,contract1 ,,price-,,piece1 ,,state ,,account4 ,formerly the contract plan was followed in most penitentiaries1 the labor of each convict being hired out in a certain industry at a fixed sum per day4 ,this has been succeeded in many ,states by what is known as the price-piece plan1 where the contractors pay for the convict labor at so much for each piece of work done2 and in other ,states by manufacturing done on the account of the ,state4 ,the contract system1 where it is possible to contract the labor at a fair price1 is undoubtedly the best one for the ,state4 ,in such case the ,state only furnishes the room1 heat and labor1 saves the great outlay for machinery and power4 ,if proper contract labor cannot be had for our penitentiaries1 then the price-piece plan is the best1 and if it is not possible to employ the convicts in any other way1 then we should resort to proper industries to be carried on1 by ,state account1 like ,new ,york4 ,the convict should be employed1 either by contract or price-piece plan before resorting to manufacture on ,state account4 ,many a warden at the ,national ,prison ,congress1 has shown that they could have all the contract or price-piece work that they could do if the law permitted it1 but it is the everlasting fear of antagonizing force labor4 ,when we find that the entire output of all the penitentiaries in the ,united ,states during #ahii1 for the five principal things manufactured in prison was only one-tenth of one per cent1 it does seem strange that any ,trades' ,union would be unwilling to have the ,state by employment care for the health and best interests of their sons and brothers detained6 ,,convict ,,labor ,,on ,,state ,,farms4 ,mississippi ,penitentiary ,board of ,control find farming their best interest1 have leased #i1cej acres of cleared land on which was worked #gbj convicts1 the net revenue past year estimated at #ajj1jjj4 ,the ,state has purchased #c1jjj acres on which #hj convicts will be employed1 and they have set apart #hj1jjj to purchase not more than #ab1jjj acres4 ,,road ,,making ,,for ,,convicts4 ,the most valuable contributions in some respects1 is the report of the ,industrial ,commission on 8,prison ,labor10 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 in the brief part which deals with what is not prison labor at all1 but the labor of convicts outside of prisons--building and repairing roads--an employment which meets the demands of intelligent and practical reasoners1 and seems to solve the problem of prison labor from a humanitarian standpoint4 ,mention is here made to call attention to it4 ,,industrial ,,reformatories4 ,new ,york ,state ,reformatory1 ,elmira1 is one of the oldest institutions of the kind in the ,united ,states4 ,has about #aejj convicts4 ,as the ,state does not permit the sale of their product in open market1 the institution has become more than ever a great trades school4 ,thirty-six industries are taught1 beside mental1 physical1 and industrial training1 including education in the school of letters4 ,several of the literary schools are taught by convicts trained for that department4 ,the trade of the convict is determined by the ,superintendent1 according to the advice of his relatives1 and the surroundings he is likely to return to4 ,of the #feh discharged in #ahii1 #hb per cent4 went directly to the trade practiced in the ,reformatory4 ,it is a very busy place1 the convict plying his trade industriously1 not to be sold or serve some useful purpose1 but only to give him practice and skill2 when completed it is destroyed1 then done over again4 ,the disposition to excel in skill and excellence has a tendency to make them better men4 ,almost every visitor is impressed with the conviction1 that labor here so exquisitely performed1 should be applied to some useful purpose and the articles sold4 ,the carefully prepared system of grading is admirable4 ,a prisoner when he enters is placed in the second grade2 he may work up to the highest grade1 shorten his term1 secure his liberty by good conduct1 and proficiency in trades and school work4 ,the lowest grade is cared for much like the prisoners in the penitentiary1 the middle grade fare better1 have a table-cloth and other privileges1 the highest grade have better food and clothing1 privileges to converse1 and order their food and pay for it out of their own funds4 ,the system seems to rest on three ideas--#ast1 indeterminate sentence4 #bnd1 parole provisions of the law4 #crd1 the trades and marking system4 ,gross cost per capita in #ahii1 #aec4he4 ,,massachusetts ,,state ,,reformatory1 ,,concord4 ,receives men from #ah to #ce2 if guilty of crime more than three times1 cannot be sent here4 ,the training-school is very much like ,elmira1 ,n4 ,y4 ,after they become proficient in these schools1 they pass into the industrial department and are employed at various kinds of productive labor4 ,sloyd system work is very prominent1 forenoons spent in the trades schools1 and afternoons in the shops4 ,prisoners alternate1 so that both shops and industrial training-schools are in full operation all of the day4 ,products of the shops are furnished other ,state institutions4 ,they manufacture cotton and woolen goods 7having a #ce1jjj plant of machinery74 ,all weaving is done by hand-looms1 made in the institution4 ,there are over twenty industries and the institution uses all the money it earns4 ,the average convict's stay is fifteen months1 yet it is possible he may work out in a year1 and he may be kept two years if convicted for a felony4 ,about half the prisoners remain full time for which they are committed4 ,they have #cjj acres of land1 and twenty acres are inside the prison walls1 #ajbb cells2 prisoners go out on good records made in school and shop4 ,,illinois ,,reformatory1 ,,pontiac4 ,has #a1cgi inmates between #ab and #ba years4 ,boys under #af go to school daily1 over #af years three-quarters of a day4 ,trades schools and productive labor1 contracted out certain sum per hour4 ,eighty-five per cent4 conduct themselves properly1 and the authorities keep track of them for a year after they leave4 ,the average stay is #ai months1 a few go out in a year4 ,first grade men eat in a dining-room1 the rest in their cells4 ,cost per capita1 #abj4 ,,the ,,juvenile ,,court ,,of ,,chicago4 ,has been in operation over one year1 and it has rescued #a1bej children1 three fourths of whom have been paroled and placed in charge of probation officers4 ,it is against the law of ,illinois to imprison1 even in a police-station1 any child under twelve years of age1 before1 during or after trial4 ,in case of necessity the child is to be committed to some suitable institution4 ,the purpose of the plan is to give a boy another chance in his own home under the oversight of a probation officer4 ,the business of the officer is to establish relations of friendship with the boy's parents1 and with the boy himself1 and to take pains to secure that the surroundings in which the boy is growing up shall be such as to minister to a decent life4 ,this is another step in that probation system which has long succeeded so well in ,massachusetts and which ought to be established in every ,state in the country4 ,one interesting fact in connection with the workings of the ,juvenile ,court1 is1 that the ,judge and the probation officers have learned that it is practically hopeless to expect satisfactory results where a boy is a confirmed cigarette-smoker4 ,,sloyd ,,work4 ,this is not a trade1 but a system of teaching1 by draughting plans1 used in manual training-schools and some of our reformatories4 ,it ought to be introduced in all our reformatories1 and would be extremely useful in the prisons among those of long terms with work1 for it establishes practical thoughts as a foundation for a trade when dismissed4 ,,novel ,,punishment4 ,when ,mayor ,james ,l4 ,schaadt1 of ,allentown1 ,pa41 began his office a year ago1 new ideas were inaugurated for evildoers1 and generally with good effect4 ,when but a few days in office1 a party of boys were brought before him on some trivial charge of disorder4 ,the offence needed some punishment1 and the parents were too poor to pay even a small fine4 ,the ,mayor learned the family shingle was still in use in the boys' homes1 and as the boys were too young to send to the station-house for a day or two1 the ,mayor sent the boys home with instructions that they should be soundly spanked by their parents as a punishment1 and to report at court the next day whether their sentence had been carried out4 ,the scheme worked well until some of the fathers refused to do it1 then the ,mayor did it himself until he tired of it1 and finally it was required to be done in the court-room by the police officer2 the plan has worked well and the number has greatly decreased4 ,on many prisoners fines are imposed1 and he trusts them to be paid on instalments1 and they never fail to satisfy the obligation4 ,it acts as a deterrent to committing a like crime4 ,squads of tramps are put to work on the city streets without guard1 and they very soon skip out of town1 fearing re-arrest and a long sentence4 ,,the ,,whipping-,,post4 ,judge ,s4 ,c4 ,baldwin1 of ,philadelphia1 is in favor of the lash1 or whipping-post1 for incorrigible boys1 and especially for wife-beaters1 as they are often the only support of the wife and children4 ,the ,september ,grand ,jury made such a recommendation before ,judge ,pennypacker1 and he considered it worthy of consideration4 ,but most of our ,judges considered it not in harmony with the twentieth century ideas1 and were unwilling to express any decided opinion offhand1 as the whipping-post was a radical change4 ,judge ,michael ,arnold thought it would shock the public mind too much1 and that the reason why our present plans fail is because the prisoner has too easy a time in jail1 not required to work4 ,judge ,robert ,n4 ,wilson held that in detaining a husband it often caused more suffering to the wife and children to be deprived of support1 and it was a serious question whether it would not be degrading and lower a man's whole moral nature4 ,judge ,wm4 ,w4 ,whitbank thought the matter too radical to be decided without a careful consideration4 ,judge ,abraham ,m4 ,beitler had very decided views1 but the public does not realize the situation4 ,if they would only sit one day in court and see the cases of brutality brought before us1 they would very soon recommend more drastic punishment4 ,what are you going to do with a man who beats his wife in a most brutal manner 7while drunk1 generally71 but who is the sole support of that wife and children8 ,if you put him in jail you inflict ten times more suffering on his family4 ,in regard to the opinion of the ,grand ,jurymen1 that the ,house of ,refuge is not operating for the good of society1 because not all the boys are reformed and converted1 all the ,judges unanimously expressed themselves as not in sympathy with the view taken by the ,grand ,jury1 for we all know of very many cases where the ,house of ,refuge has done splendid work4 ,one of the ,judges said3 8,you cannot hope to make a law-abiding citizen out of every criminally disposed boy1 and you cannot say that1 because a few cases have not been benefited apparently1 that the ,house of ,refuge is a failure4 ,i believe1 on the contrary1 that it is doing a most excellent work in elevating the morals of the community40 ,,the ,,bertillon ,,system4 ,in the past year the ,bertillon system has been introduced in several of the ,states 7it ought to be in all74 ,iowa has just found it very desirable4 ,new ,york ,state has had it several years1 proved of great value1 not only in identifying prisoners1 but in the identification of several meeting with sudden deaths in railroad accidents4 ,by this system identification becomes positive and certain1 as often as the prisoner comes under the measuring instruments1 it will be an easy task to lay bare a criminal's history by referring to his card4 ,if the ,legislature would enact an indeterminate sentence or parole law1 the effectiveness of the same would be wonderfully aided by this system of identification4 ,there are some who contend that 8the ,state has no right to use this system against the man0--then let us have something better--a law of the ,united ,states requiring every ,state to enthrone this system1 and that a ,national ,bertillon ,bureau be established for all the convicts of our country4 ,this would be of untold help1 and many a time a man's true character could be asserted before the ,judge had pronounced an unjust or inadequate sentence4 ,this present ,congress will be implored to establish this ,national ,system1 by the advice and recommendation of the ,national ,prison ,congress4 ,,results ,,of ,,treatment ,,of ,,the ,,insane4 ,last fall the press often seemed to indicate a startling increase of insanity among the inmates of the ,new ,york ,state prisons1 and it aroused scientific discussion4 ,as the number was larger from those prisons where work was silent1 it was held that the want of exercise was the cause4 ,but when it was shown that from the ,elmira ,reformatory1 where work is constant1 #fe were transferred to the ,state ,hospital at ,matteawan1 the ,state prison authorities cannot account for the sudden increase4 ,over #gjj the past year were sent to this hospital from penal institutions4 ,who can measure the value of services to those restored as producers1 and who would lower the standard of care1 if it would result in preventing a single recovery8 ,many live in hospitals surrounded with everything necessary to their comfort and who may never fully recover1 but their burdens are lightened and lives sweetened so far as it is possible to do so4 ,hospital treatment of the insane in this country has made great strides in the right direction past few years1 by substituting proper and healthful employment in place of mechanical restraint1 thus stimulating a return in the patient to normal conditions1 and naturally improving the prospect of final recovery4 ,the hospital of to-day is not a prison4 ,it is a place where those skilled in the treatment of mental and nervous diseases continually minister to those affected2 where health-promoting vocations are encouraged2 where books1 magazines1 music and entertainments contribute to the pleasure and restoration to health of patients4 ,it is a startling fact that of those who were discharged as recovered nearly one-half had been received at the hospitals within a month or two after the affliction1 and most all of them were afflicted less than a year prior to their admission4 ,in view of this fact1 it becomes the duty of friends and persons afflicted with insanity 7whether in prison or out of it7 to see to it that they are early placed in the hospitals1 for the probabilities of recovery are greatly in their favor4 ,music both vocal and instrumental1 has been found to be exceedingly valuable to restoring unbalanced minds2 even brass bands and orchestras have been an untold help4 ,the people of our ,state have a right to expect that its insane who are cared for at its hospitals1 shall have the best medical skill and attention1 and the best care that can be given them2 pleasant surroundings and good dietary4 ,to this end let us continually labor to always maintain the highest standard of care for those unfortunates4 ,,havana ,,prisons1 ,,cuba4 ,urafall ,muntalso1 warden of ,havana ,prison1 last fall made a tour of the most noted prisons of the ,united ,states1 with a view to adopting the best points of our system in the big ,government institution of ,havana1 of which he is the head4 ,he spoke of ,sing ,sing as being so different in all its features that one would imagine the institution conducted for another purpose entirely1 instead of having exactly the same object4 ,he gave high praise to our ,eastern ,penitentiary as a model institution of its kind1 and to ,warden ,bussinger as certainly conducting it in a model manner4 ,several times expressed that the men seemed happy and contented as possible1 being detained4 ,cuba so many generations under ,spanish rule1 with ancient views for punishments of convicts--to introduce ,american reform would seem almost revolutionary1 but it must be done4 ,the penal institutions heretofore embodied all the unfavorable features of solitary confinement1 and with very few of the favorable features4 ,education and employment of convicts in prison was out of the question4 ,the convicts simply served out their sentence1 not contributing in any way to their own support4 ,by means of the reforms contemplated this will be largely changed4 ,the intention is to improve the sanitary condition of all the penal institutions in ,cuba1 to alter the buildings to modern details1 the men to do the work2 then as rapidly as possible the humane ,american features will be introduced4 ,since ,spanish rule has been cast off1 the number of criminals and of crimes committed have been lessened over one-third4 ,the cause is attributed to its present prosperity1 thousands being employed1 who were long time idle1 keeping them honest and out of the hands of the law4 ,,australian ,,prison ,,reform4 ,sydney1 ,new ,south ,wales1 and in fact all ,australian prisons were of the congregate system1 free association4 ,the recently introduced system of restricted association among prisoners is being gradually extended1 though distasteful to the habitual criminal4 ,those seeking to reform1 rejoice to be cut off from the degrading companionship4 ,captain ,neitensteen1 the ,controller of ,new ,south ,wales ,prison1 says3 8,there is every reason to hope the new departure will improve the moral atmosphere of all the jails1 and will lead to the reformation of many prisoners4 ,already the number committed has decreased over #fjj1 and the more serious crimes have received a check4 ,female prisoners have decreased to #ahj prisoners last ,december1 the lowest number in twenty-five years4 ,the prisoners make all the clothing1 boots1 etc41 for the officers and inmates1 beside last year they earned #bj1jjj in work for the various ,government departments repairing buildings1 etc41 outside the value of labor employed in the domestic work of the various jails4 8,at ,bathurst a complete marble-cutting and polishing plant has been erected1 occupation to a large body of men4 ,the waste lands attached to jails are now being cultivated1 giving healthy out-door work of reformatory character1 and supplies the greater portion of the food40 ,,prisons ,,in ,,old ,,paris4 ,,from ,,the ,,gentleman',s ,,magazine4 ,of the five principal prisons of ,paris during the ,reign of ,terror1 the most hopeless of all the horrible places on earth was the ,conciergerie1 whence few escaped1 except to ride in the fateful tumbril which conducted them to the guillotine4 ,all the other prisons fed this one4 ,as many as #hj prisoners a day were sent to the scaffold1 and the feeling of terror outside the prisons was almost equal to the dungeon4 ,no one knew when his turn would come4 ,men's faces were calm1 but hearts filled with fear4 ,detectives and spies bore false witness everywhere1 even the garon who served you with a petit verre might be an agent of the ,republic1 whose report might send you to the ,conciergerie in the evening1 and on the morrow to the guillotine4 ,the fatal roll call was read out daily4 ,men rushed to hear if their names were included in the list of victims4 ,if not they breathed more freely1 at least they had another day to live4 ,but now how changed6 look at the---- ,,model ,,french ,,prison4 ,a ,,sanitarium1 ,,retreat1 ,,educational ,,institution ,,where ,,criminals ,,are ,,handled ,,with ,,kid ,,gloves4 ,the new prison at ,fresnes1 eight miles from ,paris1 is the largest in the world4 ,takes the place of three old prisons1 is situated in a healthy district1 and covers with its main buildings1 flower-gardens1 and villa residences of officials1 over half a square mile4 ,the prison is not built on the star plan1 but consists of five rectangular blocks1 one of which is the infirmary4 ,the plan is the cellular1 and the number of cells #a1hbd4 ,also accommodation provided on the association system for #djj privileged prisoners2 total criminal capacity is #b1bbd4 ,as a sanitarium for the criminal ,fresnes is unique4 ,as his or her present home1 it boasts the proud record of being only half full1 for crime or at least punishment by imprisonment for crime is diminishing in ,france4 ,the system at ,fresnes is interesting2 the authorities believe in fresh air and sunshine1 those foes of the microbe1 and friends of health4 ,hence the prison is a model sanitarium4 ,otherwise the criminal is gently educated2 he works at some trade1 and can purchase from the proceeds of his work1 extra food and personal requirements1 with the exception of tobacco4 ,when the prisoners go to worship1 which is not compulsory1 or to school which is1 they wear hoods to prevent mutual recognition on release4 ,in some of the workshops this rule does not obtain4 ,the reason for this apparent inconsistency is not clear4 ,even the officials receive instruction on such subjects as the prevention of crime and prison discipline1 and as a result of this the excellent idea of the whole prison is admirably carried out4 ,a final feature of ,fresnes is the severe simplicity of its architecture4 ,,siberian ,,banishment4 ,the official messenger of the ,czar of ,russia at ,st4 ,petersburg1 ,oct4 #a1 #aijj1 published the ,imperial ukase providing for the abolition of banishment at ,siberia4 ,the ,czar commissioned the ,minister of ,justice to draw a law for abolishing such banishment4 ,this was sanctioned by the ,council of the ,empire1 and has been signed by the ,czar1 thus the law is now gazetted4 ,,norway ,,prison4 ,a member of our ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society1 returning from the land of the midnight sun1 reports his visit to the principal prison at ,akerstuis1 ,christiania1 ,norway4 ,when he made known that he was a member of the oldest ,prison ,society in the world he was shown the utmost attention by ,director ,peter ,soelberg4 ,he describes it as the congregate system1 and being shown over the entire plant1 the sleeping-cells1 dining-room1 baths1 culinary departments1 c41 describes it as exceedingly clean and neat with a purity of atmosphere4 ,the chapel is very large and all the prisoners are required to attend service twice on ,sundays and also on other days4 ,the workshops are many1 and the trades pursued are carpentry1 cabinet-work1 blacksmithing1 wheelwright1 harness1 boots and shoes1 tinsmith1 making all kinds of household utensils1 and weaving by hand4 ,if a prisoner has no trade1 he is taught one before he goes out2 their object is to turn out men reformed and able to make their own living4 ,the prisoner receives part of the profits he made while in prison1 to help him on his release1 which is then paid to him4 ,all the goods manufactured in prison are sold at a store outside1 at a little less price1 and the people go there to purchase1 yet there is a fair profit made4 ,the prisoners have outdoor exercise every day1 they have a schoolmaster besides a moral instructor1 and they are treated as erring brothers1 called by their first name2 the ,director was horrified at the thought of our calling a man by a number1 when the object was to reform him and make him appreciate his position as a citizen or subject of his country4 ,women prisoners were very few4 ,illustration3 ,,rev4 ,r4 ,,heber ,,barnes1 ,chairman ,finance ,committee and the ,editorial ,board4 ,,the ,,national ,,prison ,,congress4 ,,cleveland1 ,,ohio1 ,,september #bb-bf1 #aijj4 ,the meetings were held in the hall of the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association1 except on ,sunday4 ,there were #bja delegates present4 ,ohio had #dj1 and ,pennsylvania next1 with #be4 ,the official delegates present from this ,society were ,mrs4 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds1 ,john ,j4 ,lytle1 and ,rev4 ,r4 ,heber ,barnes4 ,on the platform were ,governor ,george ,k4 ,nash1 ,abraham ,wiedner1 ,chairman of the local committee2 ,captain ,edward ,s4 ,wright1 ,president of the ,association2 ,rev4 ,d4 ,morgan ,wood1 of ,plymouth ,congregational ,church2 ,hon4 ,frederick ,howard ,wines1 ,,ll4 ,d41 of ,washington1 ,d4,c42 ,rev4 ,john ,l4 ,milligan1 of ,allegheny1 ,pa42 ,m4 ,w4 ,beacom1 who represented ,mayor ,farley1 and others who had achieved national reputation for reform in prison work4 ,director of ,public ,charities ,abraham ,wiedner1 as ,chairman of the local committee1 presided1 and made a brief speech of welcome4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,morgan ,wood made the opening prayer4 ,director ,wiedner introduced ,governor ,nash4 ,,gov4 ,,george ,k4 ,,nash1 ,,address ,,of ,,welcome4 ,to me has been assigned the pleasant duty to express to you1 in behalf of the people of ,ohio1 a hearty welcome4 ,we appreciate the honor of having you meet with us1 and also the noble work in which you are engaged4 ,when the ,association was first organized it was presided over for a number of years by that noble man1 ,rutherford ,b4 ,hayes4 ,after his death another noble man from ,ohio became your presiding officer2 and ,i am glad that ,general ,brinkerhoff is still in our midst4 ,my understanding is that there are two purposes in punishing crime4 ,the first is to protect society2 the second1 to bring about the reformation of the prisoners4 ,with these ends in view the prisons should always be healthful1 but the prisoners should not live in luxury4 ,the reformation of the prisoner is most desirable1 and he should be treated with that end in view4 ,if you succeed in reforming those men and women you have accomplished a most noble work4 ,in your efforts you need and are entitled to the sympathy of all1 and ,i give you a most hearty welcome to the old 8,buckeye ,state40 ,the chairman introduced ,,corporation ,,counsel ,m4 ,w4 ,,beacom1 who represented ,,mayor ,,john ,h4 ,,farley in his absence4 ,i wish to express the ,mayor's feeling of gratitude1 that you have chosen this city for your conclave4 ,your purpose is not to further your own interest1 but to uplift humanity4 ,i take it that there is a tendency in the caring for criminals to run to sentimentalism4 ,i think that all such theories should be laid aside1 but the health and environment of the prisoners should be good4 ,in behalf of the ,mayor and the people of ,cleveland ,i welcome you to this city4 ,,hon4 ,,frederick ,,howard ,,wines1 ,,ll4,d41 ,responded in a graceful way to the addresses of welcome4 ,he outlined the objects of work of the ,association at some length4 ,dr4 ,wines is the ,assistant ,director of the ,united ,states ,census1 and1 as ,assistant ,director1 thought he ought to be the most popular man in ,cleveland4 ,he said he was very glad to come to ,ohio1 for it was his birthplace4 ,what the ,governor has said about the object of this organization was right so far as it goes4 ,not only do we mean to look after the interests of prisoners1 while they are in prison1 but also after they have been released1 and even before they are put in prison4 ,we want to know with reference to the prisoner what is desirable and possible to do for him4 ,dr4 ,wines spoke of the different theories held with reference to the criminal class4 ,one view1 he said was held generally by many religious people1 and it was that since all people were bad1 the so-called prison class was no worse than the other class except in being less fortunate4 ,the other extreme view was1 that the average prisoner had so inherited criminal tendencies1 that all efforts to reform him would prove futile4 ,the truth1 he said1 lay somewhere between these two extremes4 ,,address4 ,,captain ,,edward ,s4 ,,wright1 ,,president ,,of ,,the ,,association4 ,we all retain memories of having regard for all the men and women who have been helpers in the work we have in hand4 ,one name will always stand highest1 that of ,general ,rutherford ,b4 ,hayes1 for ten years our ,president1 and to many of us a type of a gallant ,american gentleman4 ,his life and labor in the promotion of humanity in prisons1 and the reformation of the imprisoned1 are crystalized in the records of the proceedings of the ,association4 ,following the history of prison reform work in the world1 and especially in this country1 he said1 8,thus it has come about that a cellular system of confinement in separation in the intervals of work has come to be called the ,american ,system of imprisonment4 ,in nearly all the prisons of this country details may vary in some points1 but in the main the prisons closely resemble each other4 ,no better form of imprisonment has yet been devised4 ,nearly all these changes in prison discipline of the ,united ,states have taken form in the latter part of the century40 8,the ,constitution laws1 of nearly all the ,states have been enacted since the ,national ,prison ,association took strong grounds in favor of this feature1 in which reward and punishment go hand in hand4 ,a system of classification first introduced in the ,elmira ,prison ,reformatory has been adopted in substance by the majority of all classes and ,,grades ,,of ,,prisons4 ,as the work goes on it will be found to lead step by step to the indeterminate sentence law1 or a system which holds the prisoner in the control of the law1 until he has given evidence of a reformed life4 ,,education4 ,an interesting change in the method of conducting prison schools deserves consideration4 ,illiterate prisoners of all ages1 cripples1 and men of clouded intellect are brought into a real school1 with hours of instructions each day4 ,education is only given in the elementary branches1 but such great progress has been made1 that it would seem possible to extend its curriculum especially with the long sentenced offenders4 ,,prison ,,labor remains an unsettled problem1 except its future in the ,south1 and here and there in the ,north1 where the expense of support has been met by the earnings1 show no inclination to adopt measures really leading up to its eventual abolition as a means and measure in prison discipline4 8,convicts should be constantly employed in intelligent labor or work having a beneficial object and result4 ,we should all hope that common humanity1 which underlies all hearts1 must some day agree upon a system of labor for all ages and conditions1 it has been considered a man's common heritage2 the most helpful to his restoration to honesty and virtue4 ,,bertillon ,,system ,,of ,,identification4 8,to promote efficiency to the system of measurement and photography throughout the country1 ,congress will be asked to enact and establish such a ,national ,bureau4 ,when that has been secured1 many facts as to crime and criminals can be made plain to all4 ,for the repeater1 severity is mercy4 ,on that thought much could be said1 for it underlies all systems and methods of modern prison discipline4 ,if we contrast the conditions1 methods1 and laws now the rule in all prisons with those of one hundred years ago1 there is great reason for thankfulness and hope for the future40 ,at the adjournment of the evening session a reception was held in the parlor of the ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 where all the visitors shook hands with ,governor ,nash4 ,the headquarters were at the ,colonial ,hotel1 where most of the delegates stopped4 ,the delegates were furnished with a badge1 and also a package of twenty trolley-car tickets to ride on any of the lines4 ,these were donated by the car line management4 ,,sunday ,,morning1 ,,september #bc;d4 ,the delegates met at the ,colonial ,hotel and marched to the ,epworth ,memorial ,m4 ,e4 ,church to listen to the annual sermon by ,rev4 ,ward ,beecher ,pickard1 ,d4,d4 ,it was a masterly production1 so well filled with good thoughts1 that it was constantly referred to throughout the sessions4 ,the theme of ,dr4 ,pickard's sermon was 8,god's child1 the criminal40 ,i refrain from any extracts as it is to be published for general distribution1 as a leaflet1 for a help to prison workers4 ,sunday evening1 at the ,old ,stone ,church1 ,chaplain ,rev4 ,john ,l4 ,milligan1 ,general ,secretary1 made the invocation prayer1 ,chaplain ,william ,j4 ,batt read the ,scripture lesson1 and the evening was taken up with short popular addresses on prison reform1 by ,president ,wright on the aims of work of the ,association1 ,hon4 ,samuel ,j4 ,barrows on the ,international ,penitentiary ,congress1 held at ,brussels1 ,belgium1 ,general ,r4 ,brinkerhoff of ,ohio1 ,hon4 ,h4 ,h4 ,hart of ,illinois ,children's ,home and ,aid ,society1 ,professor ,rev4 ,c4 ,r4 ,henderson1 ,university of ,chicago4 ,,monday1 #i ,a4 ,m41 ,,september #bd,,th4 ,,wardens' ,,association ,,meeting4 ,,president',s ,,annual ,,address1 ,,albert ,,garvin1 ,,warden ,,connecticut ,,state ,,prison4 ,it contained a number of striking features4 ,he strongly advocated the adoption of the indeterminate sentence plan1 and that of productive labor4 ,among other things he said3--8,the absolute indeterminate sentence for all prisoners except life convicts is1 in my opinion1 the only logical method of dealing with the delinquent classes4 ,upon criminals it should operate as a definite deterrent influence4 ,to habitual offenders it would be a danger sign1 and it would beget new risks in the commission of crime4 ,under it the sifting process1 by which the reformable prisoners are sorted from the incorrigibles1 could be intelligently applied2 powerful motives for the abandonment of criminal practices would be created1 and safeguards for the protection of society would be erected40 ,the ,state might as reasonably send an insane person to an asylum for a definite time1 as to convict a criminal to a prison for a specific period4 ,if the management in the one case is competent to discharge1 why not in the other8 8,from every penal institution in the country convicts are being regularly discharged1 who as the management only too well knows1 will promptly resume the criminal program which was temporarily interrupted by a term of prison4 8,every consideration of social welfare demands that1 on the one hand the criminal should be kept under restraint until he is fit to be released1 and that1 on the other hand once fit to be released1 he should be conditionally discharged4 ,this system should not only afford the largest measure of protection to life and property1 but it would also supply the most practical method for the reformation of the offender40 ,the galling fire which is kept up against productive labor in penal institutions1 is born of a mistaken or partial view of the situation1 and is not justified by the whole body of facts in the case4 ,it is estimated that the value of the products of penal institutions does not exceed one tenth of one per cent of the total value of the products of the manufacturing industries of the whole ,united ,states4 ,this fact renders it obvious that the economic and competitive effect of convict labor upon free labor is in the aggregate insignificant1 and that it wholly fails to justify the persistent warfare which some people take pleasure in waging against prison industry4 ,it would be superfluous to state in a gathering of this kind1 that regular and intelligent employment is absolutely essential to the moral and physical welfare of convicts1 and the enforced idleness begets sullenness1 immorality1 sickness1 insanity1 and retards1 if indeed it does not entirely prevent1 the improvement of which the prisoners might otherwise be susceptible4 ,in all intelligent efforts to reform convicted criminals1 work is an indispensable factor--and only productive labor is reformative labor4 ,both the practical and the ethical requirements of the situation make for productive labor4 ,,address ,,by ,h4 ,f4 ,,hatch1 ,,iona1 ,,mich4 8,a contractor's view of prison discipline40 ,,joseph ,f4 ,,scott1 ,,warden ,,massachusetts ,,state ,,reformatory1 ,spoke of 8,civil service in ,prison40 ,a deplorable evil was the constant changes in prison management for political reasons1 it was an evil which had to be eliminated4 ,mentioned several instances1 where prisons were entirely under civil service rule with very satisfactory results4 ,recreation and privileges as aid to prison discipline was freely and favorably discussed4 ,the food problem in prisons was discussed4 ,this being a wardens' meeting1 the wardens of almost every penitentiary in the country 7including our warden of the ,eastern ,penitentiary7 told briefly what food was given to the inmates of their prison4 ,the cost ranged from #g-a_/b cents to #aj cents for each prisoner1 average was #i cents4 ,it was also agreed that a prison orchestra could do much good in a prison4 ,a music hour was also advocated1 during which every prisoner should be allowed to play whatever instrument he chose in his cell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,george ,scheidler1 warden of ,northern ,indiana ,state ,prison1 said he had found that the improvement of prison food had done much to establish confidence between prisoners and officials4 ,he said ,indiana supplied food baked1 roasted1 stewed1 etc41 and that the menu is changed every day4 ,,monday ,,afternoon4 ,,the ,,chaplain',s ,,meeting1 #b ,p4 ,m4 ,a meeting which at times waxed warm4 ,one of the subjects for discussion was ,dr4 ,mc,kim's recent book1 8,heredity and ,human ,progress40 ,the consensus of opinion among the chaplains was that the cause of crime is not psychological1 as ,dr4 ,mc,kim tries to prove1 but sociological1 and it behooves the churches especially to try not only to improve the environments of the prisoners and ex-convicts1 but to study more closely the cause of crime4 ,,address4 ,,rev4 ,,wm4 ,j4 ,,batt1 ,,chaplain1 ,,concord1 ,,mass4 ,he reviewed the past work of the ,chaplains' ,association1 and said3 8,that as they looked back he certainly felt very much had been gained from the existence of this organization10 and that much more could be done to aid the wardens and superintendents in the management of prisons and reformatories4 ,that criminality was not on the increase1 being lessened by public education1 beginning in our public schools1 where there has been no backward step in the matter of discipline and study of civil government4 ,to-day the cry is3 8,use the preventative in the case of the discharged prisoner40 ,yes1 but what is needed is to use the preventative 8education0 at all times before he has cause to enter a prison gate4 ,the value of the parole1 and possibly of the indeterminate sentence when enthroned1 requires that in person you lend a helping hand to such a man to uplift him to better ways4 ,the highest realization of our hopes in this world we shall never see1 when all the gloomy enclosures of prison walls stand empty4 ,let there be earnest courage to walk and work by the light now shining about us1 for the ,light of the world is ,jesus ,christ4 ,,chaplain ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,locke1 ,,mansfield1 ,,ohio1 ,,read ,a ,,paper ,,on 8,prison ,methods2 ,formative and ,reformative40 ,crime is very largely due to poverty1 or rather to what he called misdirected energy1 both of mind and soul1 and is a problem in sociology to direct activities from abnormal into normal channels4 ,he dwelt much on prison discipline as of the greatest importance1 and could not be too exacting1 but that whatever methods might be employed1 no violence should be done to the man within the man2 that punishment should always be reformative4 ,he spoke of the prisoner as a social iconoclast1 who had lost his ambition1 his help1 and who sought to destroy what other men cherish4 8,it is the object of the prison to teach such a personal respect for social obligations1 that nothing belongs to anyone except what he has gained by his brawn or his brains40 ,he touched on the evils of saloons1 and said3 8,through the doors of saloons to the prison doors pass one-half of the prisoners in this ,state40 ,,practical ,,prison ,,reform4 ,,chaplain ,d4 ,r4 ,,imbrie1 ,,hoboken1 ,,pa4 ,a paper on 8,a ,decade of ,prison ,reform3 ,the ,realized and the ,unrealized40 ,among other things he said3 8,what is society8 ,it is an individual1 of which the members are individuals4 ,it is one in interest1 one in object1 one in benefit1 with the individual its factor4 ,its laws are the laws of ,god1 and it strives to keep the letter of the law 7but not always the spirit71 but one thing is lacking--an all-powerful1 soul-filling charity4 ,it is the object of public philanthropy1 of sociologists1 of reformers in general1 of this ,prison ,congress1 to bring to the social world a realization of the eleventh commandment--to love thy neighbor as thyself4 ,a very able paper was read by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,gold1 of ,mansfield1 ,ohio1 on 8,the ,chaplain's ,work from a ,pastor's ,point of ,view10 which recommended co-operative work of religious and semi-religious associations as helpers4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,hart1 of ,chicago1 criticized the paper1 about delegates sent from the ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 and ,w4 ,c4 ,t4 ,u42 the young clergy and ,brotherhood men visiting prisons for the purpose of reforming prisoners1 he claimed that very many were not real themselves1 and we could not look for any success4 ,rev4 ,david ,j4 ,starr1 ,chaplain of ,ohio ,state ,penitentiary1 in answering ,mr4 ,hart said1 that to find instances where actual injury was done by preaching1 one need not go to the prisons1 we see it on the outside1 at revival meetings and other places4 ,however that should not discourage any one from trying to induce men to lead better lives through the ,gospel of ,christ4 ,what we need is less preaching and more hard work of sympathy4 ,hon4 ,frederick ,howard ,wines1 ,,ll4,d41 of ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 spoke about the recent book by ,dr4 ,mc,kim1 8,heredity and ,human ,progress40 ,the drastic remedies of crime1 are they ,christian8 ,he personally considered it not worthy of being chosen as a special topic of the ,association4 ,the fundamental weakness of ,dr4 ,mc,kim's position is his preconceived notions4 ,let each one look that book over1 you are not likely to read it all4 ,chaplain ,j4 ,f4 ,orwick1 ,jackson1 ,mich41 read a paper about the observance of ,prison ,sunday 7the fourth ,sunday in ,october74 ,he lamented that in so few churches it was observed1 except in ,chicago1 where #cjj sermons were preached last year4 ,oren ,c4 ,painter1 ,treasurer of ,the ,prisoners ,aid ,association1 ,baltimore1 ,md41 spoke of their annual report1 that last year #a1egg men and women were discharged from ,baltimore ,prison2 and that they aided #efd discharged prisoners1 furnished #d1fdd meals and #a1ejb night's lodgings to men and women4 ,mrs4 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds made some brief remarks about reform4 ,professor ,charles ,r4 ,henderson1 ,chicago1 claimed that if the people did not wake up and realize the necessity to reform themselves1 how shall we expect to reform other men and women of like nature4 ,,monday1 ,,evening1 ,,september #bd,,th4 ,,address--,,hon4 ,,samuel ,j4 ,,barrows1 ,,member ,,international ,,penitentiary ,,commission1 8,,the ,,international ,,penitentiary ,,congress0 ,,brussels1 ,,belgium1 ,,last ,,year4 ,the remarks were of great value to people interested in prison work and the care of prisoners4 ,he made comparison between the management of prisons in this country1 and some of the ,european countries1 mentioning incidentally that in some of the prisons of ,europe1 methods were in vogue which were no longer thought of in this country4 ,he outlined briefly the mode of work of the ,congress and gave interesting details of the reforms and improvement brought about through the influence of this commission4 ,the ,congress at ,brussels1 #ahii1 had about #ij official delegates1 representing #bi different countries2 and #bdg visitors from other countries who came for information4 ,he mentioned that the unification and expansion tendency of nationality might tend very largely to a healthy interchange of ideas1 as the records of this ,congress are made the property of the whole world by translation4 ,states most progressive are those who confer in the general interests of life4 ,he spoke of ,john ,howard and his influence in all the world1 and especially in ,england4 ,dr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,wines was sent by the ,united ,states ,government to meet and exchange ideas and experiences with other countries2 he was not the first to suggest the organization of an ,international ,congress1 this was suggested by private men1 several years previous4 8,how to preserve the continuance of this ,congress1 each country promised a permanent commissioner4 ,the ,united ,states failed to make such an appointment4 ,dr4 ,wines has the appointment from time to time only1 but our government is now about to take it up again and resume its former responsibility4 ,in this the ,united ,states will be fully able to take its part4 8,at these international meetings no papers are read1 all the papers are printed before the meetings1 they are translated in different languages2 then each country1 answers the matter clearly in discussion1 questions on reports1 c4 ,last year the ,united ,states was not officially represented on the commission1 and the ,delegates did not feel comfortable4 ,all members are supposed to make themselves familiar with the papers on the programme before they come up4 ,sometimes there are too many questions to discuss properly4 ,and even in our own country it is impossible to get some details1 to give a proper answer2 for instance1 the ,united ,states ,commissioners' duties touching the ,criminal ,insane4 ,it was very hard to get the facts from ,states1 for there were so few that had any central bureau of information1 it took the ,government a long time to get any from a positive source4 8,penological questions were answered by monograph reports1 such as relation of crimes to misdemeanor in the ,united ,states2 reports to show the penalty and charges2 result of the combined work was one of great value1 for one cannot go to ,paris or elsewhere to the meeting--to know that his contribution will be translated4 8,he spoke of the ,united ,states ,reformatory statistics being deficient1 and of the prison management of the cellular or separate system in the ,united ,states department as very meagre1 and now almost abandoned in the ,united ,states1 and yet almost wholly installed in every country1 and new prisons now building throughout ,europe1 with a system of centralization suggested by the ,state of ,new ,york1 but while ,new ,york ,state prisoners share in the earning1 all ,europe is to the contrary4 8,after thirty years of fraternal conference at these ,association meetings1 is there anything we can agree upon as principles1 to lay down and not regret the cellular system8 ,the whole matter of child-saving was conservative1 but it layed on the fact of education4 ,alcoholism should be banished1 the army canteen1 etc4 ,france strenuously opposed it4 ,throughout all ,europe you see the influence of ,john ,howard and ,dr4 ,wines4 ,england has taken prisons entirely out of politics1 and the criminal insane is treated from a medical standpoint4 ,most of ,europe has adopted the ,bertillon system1 and only a very small part of the ,united ,states1 as yet4 8,of labor1 there is no difference in any country1 and good behavior earns a shortened sentence4 ,in the ,united ,states1 twenty ,states have adopted this rebate of sentence1 seventeen the parole system in whole or in part1 six an indeterminate sentence in part4 ,transportation as a punishment in ,russia has been given up4 ,the ,united ,states had the honor to start this ,international ,congress1 which has been continued by other countries1 and now the ,united ,states again agrees to do her part by appointment4 ,personal intercourse and association is the bond of brotherhood inspiration40 ,,address--,,hon4 ,c4 ,v4 ,,collins1 ,,supt4 ,n4 ,y4 ,,state ,,prisons4 8,education as an ,element of ,reform ,among ,criminals40 8,the course of education1 training and discipline in a penal institution should be one that would stimulate1 develop and strengthen the criminal physically1 mentally and morally--one that will show and impress upon him the folly and personal loss of defying the laws1 and becoming an outcast1 and that will lead him to understand1 and therefore to desire the benefits that honesty1 sobriety1 industry and thrift will afford him2 that is1 to aim to create in him a desire for1 and abhorrence of1 the associations1 the conditions and penalties of a criminal life1 and instil into him a respect and desire for the associations1 conditions and regards of an upright life4 ,the ideal penal institutions should combine with elementary mental training and the functions of a sanitarium1 a reformatory and an industrial school4 8,in order that the ,state may attain more satisfactory results in its efforts to educate its criminals into good citizens and diminish the number of this class1 ,i deem it necessary that the methods followed in the several classes of penal institutions to have close relation one to the other2 this can only be brought about by adopting a general plan of administration1 whereby the ,state shall take charge of all places for the detention of criminals1 and shall control them through a central directing head1 thus locating the responsibility1 and by the inauguration of a comprehensive and systematical system of labor and discipline to insure a continuity of correctional and educational training that may easily be made productive in material results and in salutary influence on the prisoners40 ,mr4 ,collins indicated1 that for first offender criminals1 the ,state had a fixed standard of criminality and punishments1 but that the ,state either feebly enforced it1 or refused to establish it4 ,our object is1 or should be one that would strengthen and uplift the prisoner1 to utilize all the conditions of whatever uprightness there was in him1 by ,christian teaching1 industrial education1 good dietary1 baths1 shops1 cells1 etc41 in fact1 physical and spiritual training4 ,every prison needs one or more dentist and oculist1 we need many for our #d1cjj convicts4 ,some of the convicts are credited with small earnings1 received when they go out4 ,the number of the illiterate is less than ten per cent4 ,we need auxiliary helps to give employment4 ,in ,sing ,sing there is a bi-weekly paper1 contributed1 edited and printed exclusively by ,state's prisoners1 it has a great educational influence1 called 8,star of ,hope40 ,at the ,paris ,exposition1 it so impressed the leaders in ,france that they have decided to adopt it4 ,a parole under proper restrictions is what is hoped for2 idleness is the general cause of all county jails4 ,now if you will only rescue all classes1 say for even less than a year1 by proper parole1 there is no telling how much progress we can make4 ,don't put the old offender and the first offender together2 the third or more term men should be cellular4 ,a general plan of administration with a central head of government in charge of all the condemned of the ,state 7like the ,bertillon ,bureau7 is to be desired everywhere4 ,,address4 ,,professor ,,charles ,r4 ,,henderson1 ,,university ,,of ,,chicago4 8,the ,sociological ,side of ,prison ,reform40 ,he made special reference to the ,bertillon system of classifying types of criminals4 ,this ,government has already established schools of sociology and hygiene at several different penal institutions4 ,as chairman of a committee appointed by the last ,congress to inquire into the advisability of establishing laboratories for the scientific study of prisoners1 made a report4 ,,scientific ,,criminal ,,study4 ,in it was recommended the experimental establishment of laboratories in selected institutions for the study of the physical1 psychological1 and social facts of criminal life and nature1 such laboratories to be in charge of experts under the control of superintendents4 ,what is proposed for prisons and reformatories is a laboratory conducted by a specialist for the scientific study of prison populations1 with special reference at first to obvious practical needs of the administration in the discipline and training of prisoners4 ,the studies would be 7#ast7 ,physical3 the anatomy and physiology of prisoners1 measurements of sensations1 and other mental manipulations1 and the heredity of the prisoners2 7#bnd7 ,psychological3 the mental1 emotional1 and voluntary life2 the tastes1 ideas1 knowledge1 motions1 etc42 7#crd7 ,social3 the domestic1 industrial1 neighborhood1 legal1 political1 and religious environment and culture4 ,the committee was continued--directed to gather more information for next year2 also urged to interest the ,attorney ,general of the ,united ,states with the view to establish a laboratory by the ,national ,government at the ,government prison4 ,,tuesday ,,morning1 ,,september #bd,,th4 8,criminal ,law ,reform40 ,judge ,martin ,dewey ,follet1 of ,marietta1 ,ohio1 gave a brief synopsis of the report 7which was not read74 ,,report ,,on 8,,preventative ,,and ,,reformatory ,,work10 ,,george ,,torrance1 ,,pontiac1 ,,ill41 ,,superintendent ,,state ,,reformatory4 ,it was his personal views1 and not those of the committee4 ,nearly the whole morning was taken up in its discussion4 ,this was the first time figures were even given based on the actual investigation of the cause of crime4 ,on the matter of heredity and environment1 he said in part3 8,i have no hesitation in saying that at least #he per cent4 of all men and boys who have committed crime1 if taken charge of in time and subjected to proper treatment1 will become good citizens40 ,,if physicians and professors who believe that heredity is the direct cause of crime is true1 then it cannot be done1 but their theory is not correct1 nor ,,founded ,,on ,,facts4 ,it is true unquestionably1 that there are hereditary criminals1 but they constitute a very small per cent4 of the whole number4 ,for the purpose of putting this controversy to the test of facts1 ,i have had an investigation made of the record and family history1 so far as the commission of crime is concerned4 ,of #a1jjj boys admitted to the ,illinois ,state ,reformatory1 between ,oct4 #bf1 #ahig and ,oct4 #bc1 #ahih1 these figures would be substantially true of any other thousand1 as they are taken consecutively2 and were from the city1 villages and farm4 ,of this number there were #ga brothers1 #c sisters1 #ag fathers and #b mothers1 who had been convicted of violation of the law1 #bj for disorderly conduct only1 for which they were fined4 ,the others had workhouse1 jail1 reformatory1 or penitentiary sentences4 ,forty of these were cases in which there were two in one family1 thus the #dj represented #bj families4 ,this leaves a total of #gc families represented1 making a little over seven per cent4 with criminal inclinations traceable to heredity4 ,the others admitted came from families of which all the other members were law-abiding citizens4 ,it may be said heredity might affect the boy1 and yet the remainder of the family do well4 ,conceding this to be so1 and probably is1 in some cases1 it would not add more to the per cent4 given1 than would be subtracted by withdrawing from it the families in which two members had committed a crime where heredity was not the cause4 ,considering #aj per cent4 of the criminal class to be such because of heredity--7that is a liberal estimate7 #ij per cent4 must be accounted for in some other way4 ,ninety per cent4 of the young convicted of crimes1 would not become criminals with proper surroundings1 proper companions1 and proper attention4 ,he claimed that all severe punishment must be abolished in reformatories1 else they may as well be extinct2 he believed in the indeterminate sentence and ,,the ,,parole ,,laws4 8,they are necessary to the effectual work in the reformatory4 ,they furnish the lever1 with which to maintain discipline40 ,in the indeterminate sentence and the parole of the reformatory1 the prisoner will succeed when he finds that he can pass the examinations if he lives up to the proper requirements4 ,the length of time for a cure is uncertain1 it may be a year or two4 ,under the indeterminate sentence they serve longer1 than under the determinate6 ,we all know that in court when his case is heard1 the sympathy of the jury is almost always with the first offender4 ,a good citizen is not an expense to the ,state1 and the proverb 8,once a criminal always a criminal10 is not true1 for they can and are reformed4 ,crime is not on the increase1 and the reform educational system is appreciated by the people1 while the court only fixes the penalty4 ,idleness increases the troubles in our land1 and the ,gospel of our ,saviour should be the study of the human race4 ,there was a long discussion on his paper1 principally about the heredity cause4 ,h4 ,e4 ,,allison1 ,m4 ,d41 ,,state ,,hospital ,,for ,,criminal ,,insane1 ,,mattawan1 ,n4 ,y41 ,,fishkill-,,on-,,hudson1 ,spoke of 8,preventative ,heredity of ,crime40 ,he considered #aj per cent4 a very strong factor4 ,they had received at the ,asylum #age twelve-year-old boys from the ,elmira ,reformatory4 ,but this does not agree with ,mr4 ,torrance1 but there might be a larger percentage in a little older growth4 ,there has been great progress in the care and treatment of the insane4 ,our population now 7,sept1 #aijj17 is #gfe in ,n4 ,y4 ,state ,asylum1 ,mattawan2 and soon we will need two institutions1 for the #ast1 #bnd and #crd term insane must be classified4 ,in a short time we shall have from #a1bjj to #a1ejj1 as they are to be taken from all the institutions of the ,state that they may have proper treatment as well as reform4 ,the life men in the ,new ,york prisons is #be per cent4 of the prison roll1 and we need two institutions1 one for the convict insane1 and one for the insane1 charged with crime4 ,we have now over #cjj detained after the expiration of their term4 ,t4 ,j4 ,,charlton1 ,,supt4 ,,reformatory ,,school ,,for ,,boys1 ,,plainfield1 ,,indiana1 ,spoke of the commitments on the charge of heredity1 as being so few in that ,state1 less than three per cent4 ,,captain ,c4 ,s4 ,,tremby1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n41 ,spoke of the discipline1 etc41 in the ,spanish war1 and especially at ,santiago1 of the extreme kindness in the discipline to the ,spanish prisoners4 ,the naval discipline seemed to him of a much better class and showed better work4 ,in the ,u4 ,s4 ,naval ,prison there is one-third time off for good behavior4 ,this went into effect by direction of the court4 ,,mrs4 ,,frances ,a4 ,,morton1 ,,supt4 ,,reformatory ,,for ,,women1 ,,south ,,farmington1 ,,mass41 ,spoke of the needs of elementary practice in education--that at ,sherbourne ,reformatory for ,women1 all the holidays' recreations have been cut off for the want of education1 viz43 #bbnd of ,february1 only eight of #bjj women could tell why the day was observed1 and only nine could tell why the #dth of ,july was kept4 ,since the death of ,mrs4 ,johnson1 one has not arisen to take her place so fully4 ,any rebellious woman is now put out of sight1 not allowed to associate with the rest4 ,sewing-schools1 housekeeping1 c41 are for their moral elevation4 ,,address4 ,,rev4 ,,august ,,drahms1 ,,chaplain ,,state ,,prison1 ,,san ,,quentin1 ,,california4 8,increase and ,decrease of ,crime in ,civilized ,countries40 ,he showed that crime in ,england decreased #ce per cent4 in #af years1 and now it is but two and a half per cent4 of the population4 ,juvenile decrease in ,reformatory was #bb per cent4 less4 ,scotland #h per cent4 less4 ,united ,states last #g years raised #a-dd_/ajj per cent4 ,russia #cb per cent4 decrease in #aj years4 ,austria #b per cent4 decrease in #f years1 ,hungary less4 ,sweden less in serious offences by #cj per cent4 in #aj years1 ,norway less4 ,netherlands falling off in prison offences1 but much increased in #aa years to #ce per cent4 ,russia was #f1jjj1 now #b1ajj1 ,japan less4 ,france is foremost1 decreased one-third in the past period1 by #df1jjj or #ca per cent4 in all her prisons4 ,in #ahif there were but #ae1ajj prisoners4 ,estimate of all in prison throughout the world in #ahij is #bfc1ejj4 ,hon4 ,frederick ,h4 ,wines1 ,,ll4,d41 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 spoke of the increase and decrease of crime in civilized countries which caused much discussion2 as he is the ,assistant ,director of the ,united ,states ,census1 he expressed his great admiration of the paper read by ,chaplain ,drahms1 and its optimistic view2 but he said you make a great mistake when information is based on the increase from the ,united ,states ,census1 for the prison census prior to #ahhj is worthless1 they were not taken1 and the estimates were made by those in authority in my office4 ,the census of #ahij was made particularly by the officers1 and #aijj will certainly show a marked decrease of crime4 ,,next ,,congress ,,meeting ,,place4 ,invitations were extended by the following cities--,philadelphia1 ,detroit1 ,chattanooga1 ,kansas ,city1 ,cincinnati1 ,niagara ,falls4 ,the ,delegate ,committee met after adjournment and decided on ,kansas ,city4 ,,entertainment ,,of ,,the ,,congress4 ,this afternoon at two o'clock1 all met at the hotel for a drive2 forty open carriages1 drags1 tally-hos1 c41 with teams varying from two to five horses1 were provided by the gentlemen of the city1 very elegant turnouts2 and all were taken to the ,garfield ,monument1 thence through the park to the lake front1 returned about seven o'clock4 ,on the way all were refreshed in the park with lemonade4 ,the drive was greatly enjoyed by all1 as we were taken through the finest parts of the city1 and saw the bright side4 ,,tuesday ,,evening4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,gilmore1 ,warden ,central ,prison1 ,toronto1 ,canada1 invited the ,congress to a meeting to be held ,thursday1 ,sept4 #bgth1 at ,toronto in behalf of the ,charities and ,correction of ,canada4 ,w4 ,e4 ,shefton1 ,supt4 of the ,ohio ,reformatory1 at ,mansfield1 invited the ,congress to visit that institution before they returned home4 ,,jos ,f4 ,,godoy1 ,,first ,,secretary ,,of ,,the ,,mexican ,,embassy1 ,,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 ,spoke of its prisons2 they were partially after our cellular plan1 partly under the ,state government1 and partly by private enterprise in the lesser misdemeanors4 ,that the prison officials were required to keep a very minute description of every man1 and that they were treated morally and physically according as the several cases required1 that there was no absolute settled plan1 that every man should be treated alike1 as in most of the ,united ,states1 but that there was a tendency in that direction4 ,,address1 ,,hon4 ,,eugene ,,smith1 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 8,the ,cost of ,crime40 ,it was very comprehensive1 and the figures quoted giving the estimates and cost of crime1 especially in large cities were astonishing4 ,mr4 ,smith held that municipal and county taxation was very largely due to crime2 that there was hardly any taxation1 federal1 ,state1 county or municipal1 but what could be greatly reduced except for the existence of crime4 ,in order to come to some definite conclusion as to the cost1 ,mr4 ,smith quoted statistics from representative cities1 ,new ,york1 ,cleveland1 ,chicago1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,san ,francisco1 ,richmond1 ,charleston1 and ,new ,orleans4 ,,some ,,startling ,,figures4 ,new ,york1 during the year #ahii1 paid from the public treasury for items wholly due to crime the sum of #ab1ihh1hjd4 ,then he mentioned many other expenditures which were partly chargeable to crime aggregating #g1hhi1bei1 making a total of #bj1ggh1jhc4 ,in comparing these figures with the population of ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,smith concluded that crime in the ,american metropolis cost the people about #f per capita annually4 ,in ,san ,francisco it ran about #e per capita1 and in other cities mentioned from #c to #c4ej per capita4 ,the excess in ,new ,york and ,san ,francisco1 was partly explained from the fact1 that the figures quoted included county taxation4 ,the speaker then gave comprehensive statements1 from which he gathered conclusions as to the cost of crime in the rural districts1 adding that a very conservative estimate would be #a4jj per capita per year4 ,estimating that the present population of the country was #ge1jjj1jjj and that #dj per cent4 lived in cities of above #h1jjj inhabitants1 he placed the total cost of crime at #aej1jjj1jjj per year4 ,to this he added #ej1jjj1jjj from federal and ,state taxes1 making the total #bjj1jjj1jjj per year4 ,these figures1 said ,mr4 ,smith1 inaccurate as they may seem to be1 prove that crime is by far the largest factor with which political economy has to deal4 ,the only other item of expense that comes near to it is the maintainance of the public schools1 which for the same year aggregate about #aci1jjj1jjj4 ,but the enormous expenditure mentioned is only for the prevention of crime4 ,the city of ,new ,york expends each year an enormous sum for maintaining its fire department1 but that is not the only expense caused through the existence of fires4 ,no possible statistics can be compiled to give an estimate for the cost of property stolen and the suffering caused by crime4 ,these facts are real1 not estimated4 ,,the ,,average ,,steal4 ,to obtain an estimate of this cost1 however1 the speaker said that #a1fjj per year was the amount of money stolen by the average habitual criminal1 and it was certainly a conservative estimate2 there were at present #ajj1jjj prisoners in confinement1 of whom #dj or #ej per cent4 were habitual2 but this did not represent the cost of drunkenness which1 he said1 is generally crime in its most debased form1 nor the cost of crime which was never detected4 ,adding up all these items of expense chargeable to crime1 the speaker produced the enormous sum of #fjj1jjj1jjj per year1 which1 he said1 exceeded the value of the cotton or wheat crop4 ,any help for the future must come by regenerating the people by ,christianity4 ,,joseph ,f4 ,,scott1 ,,superintendent ,,massachusetts ,,reformatory1 offered a resolution1 the substance of which was3 ,that this ,prison ,association endorse the 8,indeterminate sentence law system1 and recommend that the various ,states adopt it as part of their criminal jurisprudence40 ,there was considerable discussion1 and it was referred to a committee to report at the closing session4 ,the ,committee on ,place for holding the next ,congress reported that they had selected ,kansas ,city for ,september1 #aija1 and that ,philadelphia had made a bold fight for it4 ,it was voted by the ,congress to accept the report of the committee1 and made it unanimous4 ,a resolution was passed1 as a matter of testimonial of past duties to ,mr4 ,z4 ,r4 ,brockway1 who had resigned the charge of ,elmira ,reformatory1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,wednesday1 ,,september #bf,,th1 ,a4 ,m4--,,chaplains' ,,meeting4 ,beside routine work1 reference was made to ,dr4 ,mc,kim's book4 ,chaplain ,batt spoke of the 8,exaggerated value set upon human life10 page #ahe4 8,plans innumerable devised but all fail10 8and that literature of the ,congress is not such as is desirable for the betterment of the prisoners1 so that it rests mostly with the chaplains40 ,j4 ,,warren ,,meade1 ,,warden ,,auburn ,,state ,,prison1 ,n4 ,y41 ,spoke of prison discipline4 ,best way to reach a man's heart was through his stomach4 ,that it was very necessary to give attention to the appointment of the officers1 in order to impress the men with a care and cleanliness4 ,the criminal should have a time to sing if he chose1 and should be assisted in fitting himself for life-work in the world4 ,the dungeon cells are sufficient punishment for any infraction without resorting to a paddle4 ,said he could not imagine how ,massachusetts could have a fixed commutation for life sentences1 except they use the ,life ,ins4 ,co4#8s approximate longevity table1 like age #cd to serve #be years1 age #dj to serve #af years1 and so on4 ,good discipline has the effect to remove criminal desires4 ,both ,t4 ,e4 ,ellison1 ,fort ,wayne1 ,ind41 and ,gen4 ,r4 ,brinkerhoff1 of ,ohio1 remarked that the wardens and superintendents summoned daily the overseers1 guards1 etc41 to discuss the wants1 needs1 and peculiarities of convicts1 in order to be in touch of all his employees1 and to the prisoners by the overseers4 ,,memorial ,,tribute ,was recorded on the death of ,michael ,j4 ,cassidy1 ,phila41 ,pa42 ,joseph ,nicholson1 ,detroit1 ,mich42 ,mr4 ,yale1 ,california1 members of the ,association4 ,,william ,,chamberlain1 warden ,state ,prison1 ,jackson1 ,mich41 spoke of discipline in his ,state ,penitentiary1 that the conditions were laid down by the ,state ,board of ,control4 ,the law governing penitentiary officers1 wardens and chaplains1 is that they become acquainted with the inner life of the prisoner1 and there is a desire on the part of the men to conform to the rules4 ,there are always some incorrigibles4 ,we have a system of graded schools1 and graded prisoners4 ,four and a half hours a week for discipline of prisoners1 the officers become acquainted with the natural abilities of the prisoner1 and are able to report fully to the warden4 ,there are two ways of governing the man1 ,force or ,persuasion1 the latter1 the best of all1 if it succeeds4 ,life terms in ,colorado average less than #i years1 longest term is #af years4 ,there are now #afj life terms4 ,chaplain ,batt thought we ought not to use the words 8,criminal and ,convict02 in ,massachusetts it was never used1 but 8,prisoners and ,men02 never inmates1 they hated to be called inmates4 ,many of the wardens claimed it impossible to hold any conference daily with employees4 ,at ,concord1 ,mass41 ,reformatory they meet at #e4cj ,p4 ,m4 daily4 ,chaplain ,batt spoke of heads of prisons summoning employees for detail work1 and referred to the report of ,commodore ,nelson summoning all his officers to his ship1 to make ready for the battle2 the battle was really fought in the cabin of his own flagship4 ,c4 ,p4 ,,hoyt1 ,,warden1 ,,buena1 ,,colorado1 ,said corporal punishment if judiciously used1 is really the best mode of punishment and that there should be but one grade only in the same prison4 ,when a man does well1 give him a ticket of parole4 ,j4 ,,warren ,,baily1 ,,massachusetts1 ,spoke about discharged prisoners1 what shall be done with them1 how shall he be aided1 and how long8 ,best way1 to seek some employment or trade for him on his discharge4 ,aid should begin when he enters the prison gate and continue till he goes out4 7,reference was made to the ,penna4 ,prison ,journal 8,at the ,prison ,gate407 ,no person should be discharged a citizen1 but paroled for a time1 with continuous oversight4 ,what we need is graded reformatories1 with three grades1 place him in the second1 and he can work up to the first1 or drop back to the third1 and then has to work up to the first before he can be paroled4 ,spoke of the need of well-managed prisons and reformatories1 where vast numbers had gone through the three grades and come out good citizens4 ,,oren ,c4 ,,painter1 ,,of ,,baltimore1 ,,maryland1 ,read a paper about ,the ,prisoners' ,aid ,association of ,baltimore4 ,,amos ,w4 ,,butler1 ,,ind41 ,,sec',,ty ,,board ,,state ,,charities1 ,spoke of the ,state parole that out of #gag paroled1 places were found for all but #c1 one blind1 one cripple1 one insane2 of this number1 #ab failed to report monthly2 #i were returned to the reformatory4 ,no man is released except for the maximum time1 and the oversight is continued until the time is completed4 ,,connecticut ,,requires ,that thirty days before the prisoner goes out1 he shall be seen by the committee on discharged prisoners1 furnished food and board for a time1 and work2 that there has not in five years1 in that reformatory1 been a single infringement4 ,it turned out that out of #ajj1 only #ah had been paroled in five years4 ,report of ,committee on ,mr4 ,scott's resolution4 ,specific action was deferred till next year4 ,only passed the sentiment or voice of the ,congress 8in favor of immediate sentences40 ,,wednesday ,,afternoon1 ,,closing ,,session4 ,professor ,r4 ,g4 ,henderson read a paper on ,psychological ,laboratory in ,prisons4 ,recommended that one be established1 to try it4 ,physical4 ,psychological4 ,sociological4 ,anatomy1 heredity1 ,knowledge1 emotion1 ,legal1 political1 physiology1 mental4 mental tastes1 ideas4 religious1 domestic1 industrial environment1 culture4 ,dr4 ,wines remarked1 8,i am not an anti-penologist1 have no opinions to enforce4 ,in the ,united ,states census there is opportunity to examine all the matter concerning prisoners4 ,each prison and reformatory was furnished with a complete case1 to study fully before reply1 and if the wardens also help give it1 a more correct record can be made1 and the ,government take up all the matter1 furnish the apparatus and the men to do the work40 ,mrs4 ,deborah ,c4 ,leeds suggested a vote of recommendation of the ,congress1 that a 8woman's prison or reformatory0 be established in every ,state1 passed4 ,,complimentary ,,resolutions ,,to ,the ,local ,committee and the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association for the delightful carriage ride1 the newspapers1 the ,street ,railway ,company1 the ,old ,stone ,church1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,d4 ,pickard1 ,d4,d41 for his admirable sermon1 and ,dr4 ,s4 ,b4 ,barrows for his paper on criminal law1 were passed by a rising vote4 ,it was stated that in ,indiana ,industrial ,school for ,girls each one was kept separate1 or cellular4 ,in ,massachusetts women are sent to jail1 then to a reformatory1 but if convicted more than twice are sent to prison4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,pickard made some brief remarks1 also ,professor ,henderson1 and the ,congress closed with singing the ,doxology and ,benediction1 #e ,p4 ,m41 ,sept4 #bf1 #aijj4 ,next ,congress1 ,kansas ,city1 #aija4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the above report was read at a meeting of the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society1 ,october #ah1 #aijj4 ,it was directed 8that it be printed in the ,journal of #aija40 ,,mrs4 ,,deborah ,c4 ,,leeds1 ,,john ,j4 ,,lytle1 ,,rev4 ,r4 ,,heber ,,barnes1 ,sec4 ,com4 ,pennsylvania ,official ,delegates at ,large from the ,society4 ,,treasurer',s ,,report4 ,,george ,w4 ,,hall1 ,treasurer1 ,,in ,,account ,,with ,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society4 #aijj4 ,,dr4 ,january #a4--,to ,balance #fgj #id 8 ,income from ,investments #a1feh #hf 8 ,contributions and ,membership #djb #jj 8 ,interest on ,deposits #ai #cf 8 ,printing the ,journal #af #jj 8 ,special1 for ,discharged ,prisoners1 ,eastern ,penitentiary #c1fge #fb 8 ,i4 ,v4 ,williamson ,estate #dfh #jj 8 ,income ,c4 ,s4 ,williams ,estate 7,in trust7 #ha #jj 8 ,life ,memberships #dj #jj --------- #g1jca #gh #aijj4 ,,cr4 ,dec4 #ca4--;,by ,discharged ,prisoners1 ,eastern ,penitentiary #b1aci #jc 8 ,salary ,john ,j4 ,lytle as ,general ,secretary #a1jjj #jj 8 ,discharged ,prisoners1 ,county ,prison #fge #jj 8 ,salary ,fred'k ,j4 ,pooley1 ,county ,prison ,agent #gej #jj 8 ,f4 ,j4 ,pooley1 special 7extra service ,e4 ,p47 #ej #jj 8 ,c4 ,s4 ,williams ,estate to ,home of ,industry #ha #jj 8 ,janitor1 fuel1 library #abg #ii 8 ,repair of office and stationery #djb #cd 8 ,j4 ,j4 ,lytle1 ,prison ,agent1 ,eastern ,penitentiary #ejj #jj 8 ,printing #e1jjj ,journals1 mailing1 etc4 #dba #ec 8 ,balance1 7and 8,barton fund0 #agf4ga7 #hhd #hi --------- #g1jca #gh ,we have examined the vouchers for #aijj1 and find the cash balance #hhd4hi1 and of the ,barton fund #agf4ga4 ,also the securities1 bonds and mortgages1 certificates1 trust deposits1 title and fire insurance policies1 were examined and found correct4 ,,charles ,m4 ,,morton1 ,r4 ,,heber ,,barnes1 ,,lindley ,h4 ,,bedell1 ,auditing ,committee4 ,,philadelphia1 ,feb4 #a1 #aija4 ,,donations ,,received ,since ,april #ast1 #aijj1 to ,february #bhth1 #aija4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,lloyd #b #jj ,rev4 ,james ,shrigley #b #jj ,prof4 ,joseph ,p4 ,remington #e #jj ,george ,kramer #a #jj ,s4 ,bartram ,richards #e #jj ,mrs4 ,e4 ,l4 ,metzgar #c #jj ,gertrude ,craig ,roberts #c #jj ,mary ,p4 ,f4 ,oberteuffer #c #jj ,w4 ,d4 ,mason #e #jj ,m4 ,s4 ,l4 ,rhoads #b #jj ,samuel ,s4 ,white1 ,jr4 #e #jj ,mary ,evre ,howell #aj #jj ,l4 ,d4 ,lovett1 #ahii-aijj #bj #jj ,richard ,randolph1 ,m4 ,d4 #a #jj ,mary ,randolph #a #jj ,mrs4 ,frederick ,prime #b #jj ,miss ,thomson #e #jj ,francis ,a4 ,north #e #jj ,julia ,d4 ,stroud #aj #jj ,mrs4 ,l4 ,s4 ,ladd #e #jj ,joshua ,l4 ,baily #e #jj ,e4 ,hagert #e #jj ,e4 ,w4 ,clark #aj #jj ,john ,bley #e #jj ,peter ,m4 ,landis #b #jj ,samuel ,disston #e #jj ,mrs4 ,a4 ,f4 ,miller #a #jj ,r4 ,metzgar ,son #b #jj ,mrs4 ,n4 ,t4 ,clapp #e #jj ,william ,s4 ,magee #e #jj ,george ,w4 ,marshall #b #jj ,e4 ,m4 ,middleton #e #jj ,cash #a #jj ,c4 ,j4 ,marshall #a #jj ,m4 ,l4 ,milligan #b #jj ,emma ,c4 ,middleton #e #jj ,a4 ,miller #a #jj ,j4 ,vaughan ,merrick1 ,jr4 #a #jj ,john ,l4 ,mickle #b #jj ,cash #a #jj ,vincent ,mc,laughlin #b #jj ,mrs4 ,washington ,j4 ,landell #b #jj ,levi ,mattson #e #jj ,john ,lambert1 ,jr4 #e #jj ,mrs4 ,j4 ,b4 ,townsend #e #jj ,abby ,newhall #e #jj ,miss ,c4 ,manderson #a #jj ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,mc,coy #b #jj ,g4 ,h4 ,stoiber #e #jj ,laura ,m4 ,stoiber #e #jj ,augusta ,mc,fadden #a #jj ,vincent ,p4 ,mc,culley #b #jj ,henry ,f4 ,mangus #b #jj ,george ,vaux1 ,jr #e #jj ,cash #e #jj ,r4 ,c4 ,shafges #a #jj ,j4 ,campbell ,haywood #e #jj ,thomas ,mills #b #jj ,james ,mc,curdy #e #jj ,mrs4 ,james ,m4 ,robb #e #jj ,miss ,e4 ,m4 ,maull #e #jj ,anna ,e4 ,molloy #e #jj ,h4 ,e4 ,niconel #b #jj ,mc,illvaine ,bros #e #jj ,mrs4 ,o4 ,m4 ,north #e #jj ,joseph ,mc,donald #b #jj ,a4 ,megonigle #e #jj ,rev4 ,charles ,e4 ,milner #a #jj ,chloe ,a4 ,mc,cann #a #jj ,watson ,m4 ,null #a #jj ,m4 ,c4 ,mc,cahan #b #jj ,eliza ,y4 ,mc,allister #b #jj ,edward ,pennock #b #jj ,j4 ,e4 ,nidecker #b #jj ,mrs4 ,c4 ,watson ,mc,keehan #e #jj ,charles ,h4 ,reeves #b #jj ,mrs4 ,s4 ,mc,kenney #b #jj ,mrs4 ,william ,mencke #b #jj ,c4 ,mc,clelland #b #jj ,elwood ,melcher #a #jj ,l4 ,mayer #b #jj ,h4 ,wolf #a #jj ,thomas ,t4 ,nelson #e #jj ,mrs4 ,t4 ,turnbull #b #jj ,mary ,mc,cullagh #e #jj ,edward ,j4 ,newland #a #jj ,william ,t4 ,moffly #a #jj ,jos4 ,a4 ,heintzelman1 ,m4 ,d4 #a #jj ,l4 ,ashton ,louder #e #jj ,mrs4 ,f4 ,b4 ,haft #e #jj ,robert ,m4 ,holbrook #a #jj ,j4 ,f4 ,holt1 ,m4 ,d4 #a #jj ,r4 ,hey ,son #b #jj ,robert ,c4 ,thomas #b #jj ,cash #e #jj ,w4 ,p4 ,henszey #e #jj ,j4 ,f4 ,irons #a #jj ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,idler #b #jj ,adolph ,hess #b #jj ,rev4 ,l4 ,c4 ,hill #a #jj ,samuel ,hillman #a #jj ,mrs4 ,sarah ,c4 ,hepburn #b #jj ,james ,c4 ,brooks #b #jj ,william ,ivins #aj #jj ,jacob ,y4 ,dietz #aj #jj ,c4 ,hanford ,henderson #e #jj ,benjamin ,t4 ,herkness #e #jj ,john ,mc,clintock #c #jj ,miss ,lawrence #a #jj ,e4 ,m4 ,hewish1 ,m4 ,d4 #b #jj ,j4 ,lewis ,kates #e #jj ,jacob ,l4 ,hershy #a #jj ,mrs4 ,r4 ,k4 ,wright1 ,sr4 #b #jj ,samuel ,p4 ,hiester #b #jj ,cash #a #jj ,robert ,j4 ,hess1 ,m4 ,d4 #e #jj ,nathaniel ,e4 ,janney #a #jj ,w4 ,b4 ,jacobs #e #jj ,daniel ,l4 ,hinckle #b #jj ,cash #a #jj ,george ,f4 ,hoffman #e #jj ,john ,r4 ,ingham #a #jj ,miss ,e4 ,s4 ,wister #e #jj ,s4 ,f4 ,hening #a #jj ,mrs4 ,e4 ,j4 ,hortter #a #jj ,miss ,h4 ,a4 ,johnson #b #jj ,charles ,p4 ,keith #e #jj ,mrs4 ,e4 ,jeffries #b #jj ,e4 ,j4 ,kerrick #b #jj ,w4 ,h4 ,kirkpatrick #e #jj ,francis ,s4 ,keese #b #jj ,mrs4 ,john ,jameson #b #jj ,f4 ,e4 ,himmelwright1 ,m4 ,d4 #e #jj ,cash #b #jj ,e4 ,e4 ,young #b #jj ,mrs4 ,e4 ,hodson #a #jj ,miss ,r4 ,booth #a #jj ,rev4 ,e4 ,zartman #a #jj ,morris ,a4 ,kaufman #b #jj ,miss ,e4 ,t4 ,zebley #a #jj ,s4 ,m4 ,zacharas #b #jj ,mrs4 ,e4 ,clark #aj #jj ,samuel ,c4 ,perkins #e #jj ,mrs4 ,t4 ,charlton ,henry #aj #jj ,charles ,f4 ,jenkins #e #jj ,w4 ,e4 ,littleton #e #jj ,r4 ,w4 ,downing1 ,jr4 #e #jj ,cash #e #jj ,w4 ,h4 ,powell #e #jj ,john ,p4 ,mathieu #e #jj ,h4 ,e4 ,brown #e #jj ,w4 ,h4 ,jackson #e #jj ,cash #b #jj ,frederick ,v4 ,yeager #a #jj ,e4 ,j4 ,johnson #a #jj ,cash #a #jj ,f4 ,w4 ,zoller #b #jj ,william ,g4 ,henry #a #jj ,charles ,e4 ,ingersoll #e #jj ,a ,friend #b #jj ,andrew ,s4 ,jackson #e #jj ,h4 ,c4 ,young #b #jj ,w4 ,b4 ,keeler #e #jj ,lewis ,a4 ,young #b #jj ,james ,p4 ,young #e #jj ,j4 ,h4 ,n4 #a #jj ,mrs4 ,s4 ,b4 ,yerkes #b #jj ,mrs4 ,charles ,heebner #e #jj ,burnham1 ,williams ,co4 #be #jj ,c4 ,m4 ,twaddell #e #jj ,thomas ,hewson ,bache1 ,m4 ,d4 #b #jj ,mrs4 ,matthew ,semple #e #jj ,alexander ,peacock #a #jj ,arthur ,g4 ,dixon #e #jj ,james ,s4 ,rogers #b #jj ,william ,e4 ,helme #e #jj ,rev4 ,r4 ,c4 ,von ,phul #e #jj ,w4 ,j4 ,mc,cahn1 ,jr4 #e #jj ,h4 ,c4 ,marland1 ,m4 ,d4 #a #jj ,pemberton ,hollingsworth #e #jj ,j4 ,ogden ,hoffman #e #jj ,albert ,l4 ,baily #b #jj ,edward ,cress #a #jj ,miss ,m4 ,hurst #bj #jj ,dr4 ,george ,g4 ,wise #c #jj ,william ,h4 ,magoffin #e #jj ,francis ,b4 ,reeves #b #jj ,mrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rommel #b #jj ,edward ,comfort #e #jj ,w4 ,h4 ,gilbert #b #jj ,w4 ,p4 ,letchworth #b #jj ,charles ,w4 ,merritt #a #jj ,mrs4 ,walker ,g4 ,sibley #e #jj ,h4 from a ,friend #aj #jj ,a4 ,h4 ,old #c #jj ,elizabeth ,w4 ,stephenson #bj #jj ,clara ,s4 ,young #e #jj ,charles ,w4 ,henry #be #jj ,mrs4 ,john ,gillespie #e #jj ,auguston ,thomas #e #jj ,miss ,edith ,yarrow #a #jj ,j4 ,willis ,martin #aj #jj ,mrs4 ,joseph ,harrison #ae #jj ,asa ,s4 ,wing #aj #jj ,catharine ,m4 ,mullin #aj #jj ,louisa ,alter #aj #jj ,c4 ,mc,neely #aj #jj ,ellen ,b4 ,a4 ,mitchener #aj #jj ,george ,b4 ,bonnell #e #jj ,mrs4 ,willing #cj #jj ,c4 ,p4 ,b4 ,jeffries #aj #jj ,mrs4 ,bryant ,ferguson #e #jj ,john ,e4 ,carter4 #e #jj ,e4 ,m4 ,fagan #e #jj ,edward ,brown #e #jj ,mrs4 ,j4 ,h4 ,brazier #e #jj ,george ,harrison ,fisher #e #jj ,mrs4 ,w4 ,h4 ,bacon #e #jj ,mrs4 ,j4 ,lewis ,crozier #aj #jj ,james ,w4 ,cooke ,co4 #e #jj ,joseph ,s4 ,elkinton #e #jj ,h4 ,c4 ,cochran #e #jj ,r4 ,y4 ,filbert #e #jj ,mrs4 ,s4 ,r4 ,fox #e #jj ,henry ,c4 ,davis #e #jj ,finley ,acker #e #jj ,priscilla ,a4 ,wright #be #jj ,jay ,cooke #e #jj ,thomas ,n4 ,ely #e #jj ,enoch ,lewis #aj #jj ,mr4 ,mrs ,r4 ,w4 ,birdrell #e #jj ,henry ,k4 ,wampole ,co4 #e #jj ,mrs4 ,james ,caldwell #a #jj ,hannah ,f4 ,caldwell #e #jj ,l4 ,h4 ,carpenter #c #jj ,sarah ,b4 ,cadwalader #e #jj ,cash #b #jj ,j4 ,e4 ,challinger #e #jj ,j4 ,g4 ,clark #c #jj ,james ,b4 ,chandler #e #jj ,mrs4 ,h4 ,mc,k4 ,claxton #c #jj ,i4 ,e4 ,chipley #b #jj ,w4 ,p4 ,campbell #b #jj ,murray ,stewart ,chism #a #jj ,charles ,e4 ,cattell #b #jj ,mrs4 ,g4 ,w4 ,dougherty #a #jj ,mrs4 ,v4 ,b4 ,davis #b #jj ,samuel ,biddle #e #jj ,mrs4 ,george ,m4 ,converse #e #jj ,h4 ,a4 ,wood #aj #jj ,samuel ,christian #a #jj ,bodine1 ,altemus ,co4 #e #jj ,william ,p4 ,damon #b #ej ,frank ,e4 ,de ,long #e #jj ,mrs4 ,m4 ,s4 ,clement #a #jj ,a4 ,m4 ,davis #c #jj ,jacob ,l4 ,smith #aj #jj ,clarence ,h4 ,clark #e #jj ,miss ,jane ,cooke #e #jj ,mrs4 ,p4 ,w4 ,de,cousey #e #jj ,elizabeth ,allen #b #jj ,mary ,branson1 ,m4 ,d4 #a #jj ,alexander ,e4 ,harvey #e #jj ,william ,galloway #e #jj ,mrs4 ,nathan ,h4 ,davis #e #jj ,mrs4 ,a4 ,r4 ,clark #e #jj ,charles ,a4 ,converse #b #jj ,helena ,j4 ,blandner #a #jj ,c4 ,n4 ,hutchinson #e #jj ,dr4 ,john ,b4 ,deaver #b #jj ,w4 ,j4 ,graham #b #jj ,mrs4 ,w4 ,d4 ,edson #a #jj ,dr4 ,richard ,w4 ,deaver #b #jj ,catharine ,begley #a #jj ,b4 ,f4 ,greenewald #e #jj ,charles ,comly #aj #jj ,c4 ,s4 ,childs #e #jj ,john ,b4 ,chaplin #e #jj ,morris1 ,wheeler ,co4 #aj #jj ,w4 ,frekerick ,snyder #e #jj ,martha ,b4 ,earle #b #jj ,charles ,platt #e #jj ,peter ,c4 ,moore #a #jj ,mr4 ,john ,p4 ,hubbard #c #jj ,walter ,e4 ,hening #b #jj ,murray ,wilson #a #jj ,lukens ,whittington #a #jj ,mrs4 ,b4 ,b4 ,comegys1 ,jr4 #a #jj ,edwin ,g4 ,dreer #e #jj ,rev4 ,e4 ,t4 ,mc,mullin #a #jj ,john ,price #b #jj ,mrs4 ,john ,klemm #b #jj ,james ,t4 ,shinn #b #jj ,lewis ,r4 ,diek #b #jj ,margaret ,w4 ,haines #e #jj ,sarah ,w4 ,rhoads #b #jj ,h4 ,k4 ,mulford ,co4 #e #jj ,isaac ,saller #a #jj ,helen ,hunter #a #jj ,mrs4 ,w4 ,mitchell #b #jj ,julius ,g4 ,weygandtt #b #jj ,charles ,richardson #e #jj ,mrs4 ,m4 ,m4 ,crawford #a #jj ,horace ,g4 ,lippincott #b #jj ,william ,j4 ,earhart #e #jj ,dr4 ,benjamin ,k4 ,fletcher #b #jj ,mary ,s4 ,richards #e #jj ,miss ,c4 ,w4 ,burton #c #jj ,mrs4 ,berwind #b #jj ,r4 ,francis ,wood #aj #jj ,smith ,harper #a #jj ,edwin ,s4 ,johnston #a #jj ,miss ,ida ,v4 ,walraven #b #jj ,mrs4 ,wm4 ,p4 ,tatham #aj #jj ,joseph ,r4 ,smith #c #jj ,thomas ,w4 ,sparks #e #jj ,dr4 ,c4 ,n4 ,peirce #b #jj ,w4 ,kerr ,shea1 ,m4 ,d4 #a #jj ,james ,f4 ,magee #e #jj ,louis ,wolf #e #jj ,arthur ,malcolm #b #jj ,william ,s4 ,hallowell #b #jj ,rebecca ,white #e #jj ,mrs4 ,samuel ,s4 ,white #e #jj ,george ,g4 ,williams #e #jj ,joseph ,a4 ,sinn #b #jj ,william ,t4 ,murphy #b #jj ,a4 ,trimble #a #jj ,elsie ,wister ,keith #aj #jj ,jones ,unwiler #b #jj ,h4 ,a4 ,mitchell #b #jj ,william ,burnham #c #jj ,charles ,rhoads #e #jj ,beulah ,m4 ,rhoads #e #jj ,hon4 ,wm4 ,n4 ,ashman #c #jj ,dr4 ,james ,tyson #b #jj ,anna ,h4 ,tierney #e #jj ,william ,weightman #e #jj ,h4 ,g4 ,tull #a #jj ,g4 ,r4 ,rebman #b #jj ,w4 ,l4 ,worcester #c #jj ,w4 ,graham ,tyler #e #jj ,louis ,taws #e #jj ,mrs4 ,r4 ,porter #e #jj ,mrs4 ,thos4 ,s4 ,kirkbride #b #jj ,rynear ,williams1 ,jr4 #e #jj ,mrs4 ,f4 ,l4 ,smith #a #jj ,mary ,g4 ,wilkinson #b #jj ,cash #b #jj ,e4 ,aug4 ,miller #b #jj ,edward ,a4 ,sibley #e #jj ,a4 ,w4 ,wbken #e #jj ,barber ,perkin #a #jj ,rev4 ,george ,van ,dews #b #jj ,e4 ,b4 ,warren #e #jj ,frank ,h4 ,wyeth #e #jj ,george ,ulrich #e #jj ,charles ,w4 ,trotter #e #jj ,j4 ,runde ,smith #aj #jj ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,widmayer #a #jj ,e4 ,w4 ,e4 ,m4 ,wilkins #b #jj ,craig ,lippincott #e #jj ,john ,d4 ,groves1 ,m4 ,d4 #e #jj ,john ,simmons #a #jj ,mrs4 ,wm4 ,simpson1 ,jr4 #e #jj ,d4 ,sulzberger #b #jj ,richard ,p4 ,mason #e #jj ,william ,m4 ,morrison #b #jj ,cash #a #jj ,bishop ,o4 ,w4 ,whitaker #e #jj ,n4 ,r4 ,denis #e #jj ,r4 ,h4 ,eastburn #a #jj ,v4 ,f4 ,campbell #a #jj ,mrs4 ,gillies ,dallett #b #jj ,h4 ,dercum #b #jj ,e4 ,j4 ,lavina #b #jj ,william ,evans1 ,m4 ,d4 #a #jj ,william ,j4 ,latta #b #jj ,james ,g4 ,conway #a #jj ,james ,spear #c #jj ,henry ,f4 ,coates ,co4 #e #jj ,mrs4 ,j4 ,manderson #e #jj ,miss ,e4 ,bradford #c #jj ,mrs4 ,h4 ,howe #e #jj ,mrs4 ,w4 ,c4 ,hadley #c #jj ,elizabeth ,b4 ,garrett #c #jj ,martha ,h4 ,garrett #c #jj ,hetty ,b4 ,garrett #c #jj ,p4 ,b4 ,welsh #b #jj ,g4 ,h4 ,deacon #a #jj ,c4 ,f4 ,wilson #e #jj ,s4 ,thanhauser #a #jj ,cash #e #jj ,barclay ,r4 ,leeds #e #jj ,a ,friend #b #jj ,mrs4 ,r4 ,s4 ,lawson #a #jj ,w4 ,sidebottom #e #jj ,cash #a #jj ,mary ,m4 ,edwards #b #jj ,joseph ,s4 ,keen #e #jj ,e4 ,w4 ,clark #aj #jj ,rev4 ,marvin ,j4 ,eckels #e #jj ,helen ,b4 ,davids #b #jj ,miss ,s4 ,f4 ,cassidy #a #jj ,evans ,r4 ,dick #e #jj ,a4 ,leberman #b #jj ,milton ,c4 ,lazar #a #jj ,j4 ,b4 ,faulkner #b #jj ,mrs4 ,d4 ,m4 ,zimmerman #b #jj ,rev4 ,charles ,f4 ,kavanagh #e #jj ,miss ,emily ,campbell #b #jj ,r4 ,a4 ,caskey #a #jj ,cash #e #jj ,m4 ,e4 ,twaddell #e #jj ,strawbridge ,clothier #e #jj ,anna ,m4 ,sterling #e #jj ,the ,misses ,glading #e #jj ,mrs4 ,j4 ,s4 ,cox #b #jj ,mrs4 ,hollingsworth ,whyte #e #jj ,william ,c4 ,warren #c #jj ,smith ,dreer #b #jj ,emily ,m4 ,smyth #e #jj ,morse1 ,williams ,co4 #b #jj ,jennie ,l4 ,powell #b #jj ,mc,cambridge ,co4 #b #jj ,anna ,kaign ,smith #e #jj ,anna ,m4 ,gumpert #b #jj ,fred ,w4 ,herman #b #jj ,joseph ,hill ,brinton #b #jj ,wood ,gilpin #b #jj ,miss ,mattie ,landis #c #jj ,lettitia ,p4 ,collins #e #jj ,bishop ,c4 ,d4 ,foss #c #jj ,mrs4 ,william ,waterall #b #jj ,n4 ,snellenburg ,co4 #e #jj ,david ,teller #b #jj ,thomas ,e4 ,gaskill #e #jj ,mrs4 ,b4 ,m4 ,plummer #a #jj ,elizabeth ,d4 ,banes #a #jj ,mrs4 ,c4 ,a4 ,wentz #e #jj ,a4 ,w4 ,wisler #a #jj ,edmund ,willits #a #jj ,e4 ,k4 ,shelmerdine #e #jj ,herbert ,b4 ,loeb #a #jj ,john ,lloyd #b #jj ,j4 ,bertram ,lippincott #e #jj ,j4 ,h4 ,ellis #b #jj ,joseph ,w4 ,lippincott #a #jj ,mrs4 ,s4 ,h4 ,fay #e #jj ,john ,p4 ,p4 ,lathrop #b #jj ,mrs4 ,aug4 ,lessig #b #jj ,jacob ,d4 ,litt #e #jj ,mrs4 ,charles ,e4 ,lex #b #jj ,james ,w4 ,lehman #a #jj ,arno ,leonhardt #b #jj ,cash #a #jj ,george ,h4 ,cliff #a #jj ,elizabeth ,w4 ,cooke #b #jj ,master ,harry ,d4 ,lentz1 ,jr4 #a #jj ,max ,b4 ,loeb #b #jj ,b4 ,k4 ,locke #a #jj ,john ,a4 ,schulze #b #jj ,frank ,r4 ,whiteside #b #jj ,elizabeth ,n4 ,garrett #b #jj ,s4 ,harvey ,thomas #b #jj ,wilfred ,lewis #a #jj ,isabel ,a4 de,schwintz #b #ej ,samuel ,j4 ,levy #e #jj ,d4 ,n4 ,k4 ,schwenck #a #jj ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,e4 ,m4 ,zimmerman #b #jj ,mrs4 ,a4 ,e4 ,campbell #a #jj ,s4 ,morris ,lillie #c #jj ,john ,tatum #b #jj ,w4 ,hinckle ,smith #e #jj ,h4 ,o4 ,wilbur #e #jj ,a4 ,alvarengo #a #jj ,russell ,h4 ,johnson1 ,jr4 #a #jj ,j4 ,j4 de ,macedo1 ,jr4 #a #jj ,frank ,p4 ,gallagher #a #jj ,a4 ,e4 ,gallagher #a #jj ,a4 ,lans #d #jj ,w4 ,g4 ,rolph #b #jj ,mrs4 ,charles ,m4 ,taylor1 ,jr4 #e #jj ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4 ,lippincott #c #jj ,cash #b #jj ,robert ,f4 ,innis #c #jj ,ashton ,s4 ,tourison #b #jj ,james ,g4 ,thayer #b #jj ,francis ,t4 ,s4 ,dailey #aj #jj ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,andrew ,san ,alvarez #a #jj ,miss ,emma ,parmalee #a #jj ,james ,e4 ,talley1 ,m4 ,d4 #b #jj ,b4 ,c4 ,tilghman #e #jj ,george ,widener #b #jj ,h4 ,m4 ,sharpless #a #jj ,miss ,a4 ,k4 ,selig #c #jj ,mrs4 ,van ,pelt #b #jj ,r4 ,greenwood #a #jj ,charles ,c4 ,savage #ae #jj ,h4 ,m4 ,nathanson #e #jj ,william ,h4 ,thome #b #jj ,henry ,veit #b #jj ,mrs4 ,c4 ,a4 ,topping #b #jj ,james ,martin #b #jj ,samuel ,j4 ,randall1 ,jr4 #a #jj ,horace ,e4 ,taylor #a #jj ,a4 ,p4 ,townsend #a #jj ,william ,wagner #a #jj ,s4 ,finley ,thompson #e #jj ,mrs4 ,joseph ,l4 ,tull #a #jj ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,lewis #b #jj ,mrs4 ,henry ,j4 ,walter #a #jj ,harriet ,h4 ,mc,clellan #b #jj ,mrs4 ,mamie ,c4 ,stinson #e #jj ,miss ,sue ,e4 ,nagle #a #jj ,henry ,m4 ,lewis #e #jj ,cash #e #jj ,miss ,c4 ,s4 ,thompson #a #jj ,cash #a #jj ,john ,g4 ,schall's ,sons #b #jj ,l4 ,harry ,richards1 ,jr4 #a #jj ,d4 ,s4 ,acker #e #jj ,george ,w4 ,baily #e #jj ,thomas ,p4 ,covington #b #jj ,sarah ,e4 ,williams #b #jj ,francis ,o4 ,alcott #e #jj ,william ,l4 ,allen #a #jj ,george ,allen1 ,jr4 #a #jj ,rev4 ,e4 ,w4 ,appleton #e #jj ,e4 ,w4 ,dunton #e #jj ,louisa ,gibbons ,davis #b #jj ,samuel ,wolfe1 ,m4,d4 #b #jj ,charles ,f4 ,taylor1 ,m4,d4 #e #jj ,frank ,teller #a #jj ,f4 ,d4 ,abbott #a #jj ,henry ,jones #a #jj ,mrs4 ,george ,childs ,drexel #be #jj ,charles ,a4 ,kurlbaum #b #jj ,mrs4 ,l4 ,m4 ,anschutz #e #jj ,paul ,e4 ,huneker #e #jj ,oliver ,hough #a #jj ,william ,g4 ,huey #a #jj ,g4 ,a4 ,bisler #b #jj ,william ,a4 ,ingham #aj #jj ,max ,kohn #b #jj ,walter ,a4 ,bailey #b #jj ,cash #a #jj ,miss ,lottie ,a4 ,arnold #b #jj ,abraham ,m4 ,kohn #b #jj ,frank ,k4 ,hipple #b #jj ,harold ,peirce #aj #jj ,mrs4 ,harold ,peirce #aj #jj ,william ,fisher ,lewis #e #jj ,s4 ,wertheimer #a #jj ,t4 ,p4 ,huff #b #jj ,hon4 ,j4 ,b4 ,mc,pherson #c #jj ,jane ,c4 ,selden #a #jj ,edwin ,n4 ,benson #e #jj ,elizabeth ,m4 ,wilgur #b #jj ,francis ,donaldson #b #jj ,g4 ,h4 ,macauley #e #jj ,mrs4 ,joseph ,young #b #jj ,c4 ,s4 ,mac,cain #b #jj ,professor ,d4 ,w4 ,howard #a #jj ,james ,p4 ,hutchinson #e #jj ,mrs4 ,edward ,baily #a #jj ,j4 ,b4 ,lyman #a #jj ,charles ,m4 ,fox1 ,m4,d4 #e #jj ,thomas ,a4 ,kershaw #a #jj ,lawrence ,johnson #e #jj ,w4 ,w4 ,burr #b #jj ,harry ,godey #e #jj ,elizabeth ,b4 ,sloan #a #jj ,rev4 ,william ,bannard #a #jj ,morris ,t4 ,knight #a #jj ,azariah ,w4 ,hoopes #b #jj ,william ,krause #b #jj ,t4 ,mc,owen #aj #jj ,rev4 ,joseph ,krauskopt #e #jj ,mrs4 ,morris ,liveright #b #jj ,william ,mac,lean1 ,jr4 #c #jj ,miss ,gertrude ,bartlett #a #jj ,samuel ,p4 ,huhn #e #jj ,theodore ,j4 ,lewis #c #jj ,cash #c #jj ,j4 ,b4 ,habecker #a #jj ,cash #a #jj ,mrs4 ,samuel ,horner #b #jj ,r4 ,w4 ,steel #e #jj ,cash #e #jj ,j4 ,g4 ,rosengarten #aj #jj ,cash #a #jj ,cash #e #jj ,c4 ,s4 ,warts #e #jj ,lyman ,b4 ,hall #b #jj ,mrs4 ,alexander ,van ,rennsalaer #ej #jj ,mrs4 ,s4 ,r4 ,wiggins #a #jj ,f4 ,t4 ,bieber #a #jj ,anne ,thompson #aj #jj ,john ,jay ,gilroy #b #jj ,a4 ,h4 ,hulshiger #b #jj ,w4 ,s4 ,kriehl #a #jj ,a4 ,petre #e #jj ,c4 ,c4 ,a4 ,baldi #b #jj ,miss ,husband #b #jj ,mrs4 ,ingraham #b #jj ,edward ,batchelor #a #jj ,z4 ,z4 ,howell #b #jj ,cash #a #jj ,george ,w4 ,lynch1 ,jr4 #b #jj ,silena ,patterson ,hughes #e #jj ,z4 ,l4 ,howell #b #jj ,mrs4 ,m4 ,d4 ,atkinson #b #jj ,a4 ,w4 ,kelsey #aj #jj ,cash #a #jj ,cash #a #jj ,george ,m4 ,junkin #aj #jj ,miss ,anne ,law ,hubbell #a #jj ,miss ,h4 ,hubbell #a #jj ,mary ,j4 ,barr #a #jj ,mrs4 ,d4 ,l4 ,hopper #a #jj ,charles ,e4 ,milnor #b #jj ,john ,hunsberger #a #jj ,josephine ,r4 ,page #e #jj ,mrs4 ,w4 ,adger #b #jj ,cash #a #jj ,james ,barker #b #jj ,charles ,h4 ,thompson #b #jj ,j4 ,bell ,austin #b #jj ,mrs4 ,g4 ,w4 ,buttnunth #b #jj ,william ,j4 ,jordan #a #jj ,thomas ,h4 ,b4 ,hull #aj #jj ,mrs4 ,reath #e #jj ,peter ,klein #b #jj ,jesse ,lukens #b #jj ,francis ,yarnall #a #jj ,cash #b #jj ,mrs4 ,john ,baird #e #jj ,henrietta ,louisa ,exton #b #jj ,george ,n4 ,colket #e #jj ,d4 ,macfarlan1 ,m4 ,d4 #a #jj ,w4 ,w4 ,frazier #e #jj ,rev4 ,charles ,wood #e #jj ,mrs4 ,j4 ,b4 ,levering #e #jj ,mrs4 ,john ,t4 ,lewis #a #jj ,mary ,c4 ,greenough #aj #jj ,william ,ostrander #b #jj ,franklin ,s4 ,horn #b #jj ,john ,j4 ,horn #b #jj ,francis ,s4 ,williams #a #jj ,george ,wood #e #jj ,walter ,b4 ,smith #e #jj ,professor ,b4 ,s4 ,banks #a #jj ,doctor ,mrs4 ,chas4 ,h4 ,thomas #ae #jj ,james ,s4 ,mc,cain #a #jj ,s4 ,e4 ,r4 ,hassinger #b #jj ,frank ,h4 ,ransom #e #jj ,james ,hay #e #jj ,ellen ,b4 ,everett ,stewart #e #jj ,rev4 ,james ,p4 ,james #e #jj ,mrs4 ,edward ,g4 ,sanger #c #jj ,stuart ,farren ,smith #e #jj ,sarah ,e4 ,neath #b #jj ,j4 ,w4 ,hyzer #b #jj ,e4 ,allen #a #jj ,moyer ,fleisher #e #jj ,mrs4 ,james ,boice #a #jj ,emma ,t4 ,schreiner #c #jj ,m4 ,b4 ,woodward #e #jj ,v4 ,w4 ,walter #b #jj ,mrs4 ,louise ,t4 ,simpson #c #jj ,mary ,r4 ,fox #ae #jj ,hannah ,fox #aj #jj ,m4 ,e4 ,addams #b #jj ,mrs4 ,s4 ,a4 ,willoughby #b #jj ,mrs4 ,william ,f4 ,north #b #jj ,rev4 ,fleming ,james #b #jj ,cash #a #jj ,sarah ,e4 ,moore #b #jj ,anna ,p4 ,stevenson #b #jj ,s4 ,pearley ,howe #a #jj ,walter ,ross ,mc,shea #b #jj ,samuel ,w4 ,barnes #a #jj ,william ,c4 ,rommell #a #jj ,b4 ,s4 ,h4 #ej #jj ,robert ,k4 ,mc,neely #e #jj ,james ,h4 ,windrim #e #jj ,miss ,m4 ,k4 ,gibson #aj #jj ,miss ,anna ,frazier #e #jj ,d4 ,allen ,knight #e #jj ,cash #a #jj ,cash #c #jj ,charles ,b4 ,dunn #e #jj ,c4 ,d4 ,barney #e #jj ,john ,h4 ,lewars #e #jj ,w4 ,brentwood ,smith #e #jj ,sarah ,edythe ,wister #e #jj ,john ,f4 ,craig #a #jj ,edward ,iredick #a #jj ,john ,j4 ,henry #e #jj ,william ,c4 ,lowry #e #jj ,henry ,h4 ,collins #aj #jj ,fleming ,park #a #jj ,john ,f4 ,palmer #b #jj ,john ,reilly #e #jj ,mrs4 ,george ,w4 ,biddle #e #jj ,f4 ,t4 ,fawcett #e #jj ,j4 ,sellers ,barnes #e #jj ,mrs4 ,e4 ,franklin ,garrett #a #jj ,s4 ,j4 ,eastman #c #jj ,c4 ,a4 ,helme #e #jj ,w4 ,f4 ,schwartz #b #jj ,mrs4 ,j4 ,lowber ,welsh #e #jj ,,form ,,of ,,bequest ,,of ,,personal ,,property4 ,i give and bequeath to 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society0 the sum of ,dollars4 ,,form ,,of ,,devise ,,of ,,real ,,estate4 ,i give and devise to 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society0 all that certain piece or parcel of land4 7,here describe the property47 ,,article ,v4 ,the ,acting ,committee shall consist of officers of the ,society1 ex officio1 and fifty other members4 ,they shall visit the prison at least twice a month1 inquire into the circumstances of the prisoners and report such abuses as they shall discover to the proper officers appointed to remedy them4 ,they shall examine the influence of confinement on the morals of the prisoners4 ,they shall keep regular minutes of their proceedings1 which shall be submitted at every stated meeting of the ,society2 and shall be authorized to fill vacancies1 occurring in their own body1 whether arising from death or removal from the city1 or from inability or neglect to visit the prisons in accordance with their regulations4 ,they shall also have the sole power of electing new members4 ,,article ,,vi4 ,candidates for membership may be proposed at any meeting of the ,society or of the ,acting ,committee2 but no election shall take place within ten days after such nomination4 ,each member shall pay an annual contribution of two dollars4 ,if any member neglects or refuses to pay such contribution within three months1 after due notice has been given such person1 the ,acting ,committee may1 at its option1 strike said name from the list of members4 ,the payment of twenty dollars at any one time shall constitute a ,life ,membership4 ,any person paying not less than five hundred dollars shall be called a ,patron of the ,society4 ,,article ,,vii4 ,honorary members may be elected at such times as the ,society may deem expedient4 ,,article ,,viii4 ,the ,society shall hold an ,annual ,meeting on the fourth ,fifth-day 7,thursday7 in the ,first month 7,january7 of each year1 and ,stated ,meetings on the fourth ,fifth-day 7,thursday7 in the months of ,april1 ,july and ,october2 at which seven shall constitute a quorum4 ,,article ,,ix4 ,no alteration in the ,constitution shall be made1 unless the same shall have been proposed at a ,stated ,meeting of the ,society1 held not less than three months previous to the adoption of such alteration2 and no such amendment shall be adopted unless approved by the votes of three-fourths of the members present4 ,the ,secretary shall state on the notices of that meeting that an amendment or amendments to the ,constitution will be acted upon4 ,all other questions shall be decided1 when there is a division1 by a majority of votes2 in those where the ,society is equally divided1 the presiding officer shall have the casting vote4 ,,of ,,visitors4 ,no person who is not an official visitor of the prison1 or who has not a written permission1 according to such rules as the ,inspectors may adopt as aforesaid1 shall be allowed to visit the same2 the official visitors are3 the ,governor2 the ,speaker and members of the ,senate2 the ,speaker and members of the ,house of ,representatives2 the ,secretary of the ,commonwealth2 the ,judges of the ,supreme ,court2 the ,attorney-,general and his ,deputies2 the ,president and ,associate ,judges of all the courts in the ,state2 the ,mayor and ,recorders of the cities of ,philadelphia1 ,lancaster1 and ,pittsburg2 ,commissioners and ,sheriffs of the several ,counties2 and the 8,acting ,committee of the ,philadelphia ,society for ,alleviating the ,miseries of ,public ,prisons40 7,note3 ,now named ,the ,pennsylvania ,prison ,society47 ,,an ,,act ,,to ,,incorporate ,,the ,philadelphia ,society for ,alleviating the ,miseries of ,public ,prisons4 ,,section #a4 ,be it enacted by the ,senate and ,house of ,representatives of the ,commonwealth of ,pennsylvania1 in ,general ,assembly met1 and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same1 ,that all and every the persons who shall at the time of the passing of this ,act1 be members of the ,society called 8,the ,philadelphia ,society for ,alleviating the ,miseries of ,public ,prisons10 shall be and they are hereby created and declared to be one body1 politic and corporate1 by the name1 style1 and title of 8,the ,philadelphia ,society for ,alleviating the ,miseries of ,public ,prisons10 and by the same name shall have perpetual succession1 and shall be able to sue and be sued1 implead and be impleaded in all courts of record or elsewhere1 and to take and receive1 hold and enjoy1 by purchase1 grant1 devise1 or bequest to them and their successors1 lands1 tenements1 rents1 annuities1 franchises1 hereditaments1 goods1 and chattels of whatsoever nature1 kind1 or quality soever1 real1 personal or mixed1 or choses in action1 and the same from time to time to sell1 grant1 devise1 alien1 or dispose of2 provided1 ,that the clear yearly value or income of the necessary houses1 lands1 and tenements1 rents1 annuities1 and other hereditaments1 and real estate of the said corporation1 and the interest of money by it lent1 shall not exceed the sum of five thousand dollars2 and also to make and have a common seal1 and the same to break1 alter1 and renew at pleasure2 and also to ordain1 establish and put in execution1 such by-laws1 ordinances1 and regulations as shall appear necessary and convenient for the government of the said corporation1 not being contrary to this ,charter or the ,constitution and laws of the ,united ,states1 or of this ,commonwealth1 and generally to do all and singular the matters and things which to them it shall lawfully appertain to do for the well-being of the said corporation1 and the due management and ordering of the affairs thereof2 and provided further1 that the object of the ,society shall be confined to the alleviation of the miseries of public prisons1 the improvement of prison discipline1 and the relief of discharged prisoners4 ,,sam',l ,,anderson1 ,speaker of ,house4 ,,thos4 ,,ringland1 ,speaker of ,senate4 ,approved the #fth day of ,april1 ,anno ,domini ,eighteen ,hundred and ,thirty-three4 ,,george ,,wolf4 ,,legal ,,change ,,of ,,name4 ,the ,following ,confirms the ,action ,relative to the ,change of the ,name of the ,prison ,society4 ,decree3 ,and now1 to wit1 this #bgth day of ,january1 ,a4 ,d41 #ahhf1 on motion of ,a4 ,sidney ,biddle1 ,esq41 the ,petition and ,application for change of name filed by 8,the ,philadelphia ,society for ,alleviating the ,miseries of ,public ,prisons10 having been presented and considered1 and it appearing that the order of court heretofore made as to advertisement has been duly compiled with and due notice of said application to the ,auditor ,general of the ,state of ,pennsylvania being shown1 it is ,ordered1 ,adjudged1 and ,decreed that the name of the said ,society shall hereafter be 8,,the ,,pennsylvania ,,prison ,,society10 to all intents and purposes as if the same had been the original name of the said ,society1 and the same name shall be deemed and taken to be a part of the ,charter of the said ,society upon the recording of the said ,application with its indorsements and this ,decree in the office of the ,recorder of ,deeds of this ,county1 and upon filing with the ,auditor ,general a ,copy of this ,decree4 ,signed ,,joseph ,,allison4 ,record3 ,recorded in the office for the ,recording of ,deeds in and for the ,city and ,county of ,philadelphia1 on ,charter ,book ,no4 #aa1 page #ajfd4 ,witness my hand and seal of ,office this #bhth day of ,june1 ,a4 ,d4 #ahhf4 ,,geo4 ,g4 ,,pierie1 ,recorder of ,deeds4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,obvious printer errors corrected silently4 ,inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original4