,,draw+s ,,( ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci  ,)  
an introduction by ,*>les ,lewis ,h9d   
,,london4 ,,george ,,newnes ,,limit$    
,,s\?ampton ,,/reet4 ,,/r& ,,wc  ,,new  
,,york4 ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons     
#aijg     ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations      
,,plate   ,,pr(ile ,,( ,a ,,w>rior      
,,frontispiece   ,,portrait ,,(         
,,isabella ,d',,e/e                     
,i   ,,/udy ,,( ,,an ,,old ,,man        
,,ii   ,,/udy ,,( ,,drap]ies ,,=        
,,kneel+ ,,figures                      
,,iii   ,,/udy ,,( ,a ,,bac*us          
,,iv   ,,head ,,( ,a ,,man              
,v   ,,battle ,,betwe5 ,,horsem5 ,,&    
,,mon/]s                       ,,vi     
,,woman ,,seat$ ,,on ,,gr\nd ,,& ,,*ild 
,,kneel+                  ,,vii         
,,/udies ,,( ,,heads                    
,,viii   ,,y\? ,,on ,,horseback         
,,ix   ,,/udies ,,= ,,! ,,eque/rian     
,,/atue ,,( ,,francesco ,,s=za      ,x  
,,! ,,virg91 ,,/4 ,,anne ,,& ,,infant   
,,xi   ,,/udies ,,( ,,*ildr5            
,,xii   ,,! ,,combat                    

,,xiii   ,,/udy ,,= ,a ,,madonna        
,,xiv   ,,/udies ,,= ,,! ,,holy ,,family
                              ,,xv      
,,/udies ,,= ,,! ,,la/ ,,supp]          
,,xvi   ,,c\rty>d ,,( ,a                
,,cannon-,,f\ndry                       
,,xvii   ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,an 
,,apo/le                                
,,xviii   ,,/udy ,,= ,,backgr\nd ,,( ,,!
 ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi        ,,xix
   ,,/udy ,,( ,,l&scape                 
,,xx   ,,/udy ,,( ,a ,,tree             
,,xxi   ,,two ,,heads ,,c>icatures      
,,xxii   ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/       
,,xxiii   ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,*ri/         
,,xxiv   ,,c>icatures                   
,,xxv   ,,head ,,( ,,an ,,angel         
,,xxvi   ,,/udy ,,( ,a ,,man',s ,,head  
,,xxvii   ,,/udies ,,( ,,h&s            
,,xxviii   ,,dragon ,,fight+ ,,) ,a     
,,lion                                  
,,xxix   ,,man ,,kneel+                 
,,xxx   ,,portrait ,,/udy               
,,xxxi   ,,/udies ,,( ,,animals         
,,xxxii   ,,portrait ,,( ,,leon>do1 ,,by

 ,,himself                              
,,xxxiii   ,,six ,,heads ,,( ,,m5 ,,& ,a
 ,,bu/ ,,( ,a ,,woman                   
,,xxxiv   ,,/udy ,,( ,a ,,head          
,,xxxv   ,,! ,,/4 ,,anne ,,c>toon       
,,xxxvi   ,,/udies ,,( ,,horses         
,,xxxvii   ,,heads ,,( ,a ,,woman ,,& ,a
 ,,*ild                                 
,,xxxviii   ,,/udy ,,( ,,drap]y ,,= ,a  
,,kneel+ ,,figure                       
,,xxxix   ,,knight ,,9 ,,arm\r          
,,xl   ,,/udy ,,( ,a ,,y\?ful ,,head    
,,xli   ,,/udy ,,= ,,l$a                
,,xlii   ,,head ,,( ,,an ,,old ,,man    
,,xliii   ,,/udy ,,( ,a ,,head          
,,xliv   ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,/4 
,,philip ,,= ,,! ,,la/ ,,supp]          
,,xlv   ,,/udy ,,( ,,drap]y             
,,xlvi   ,,girl',s ,,head               
,,xlvii   ,,/udies ,,( ,a ,,satyr ,,) ,a
 ,,lion                                 
,,xlviii     ,,! ,,draw+s ,,( ,,leon>do 
,,da ,,v9ci ,,by ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d      
,leon>do da ,v9ci f\nd 9 draw+ ! readie/
 & mo/ /imulat+ way ( self-expression4  

,! use ( p5 & crayon came to him z      
naturally z ! monologue to an eag] &    
egoi/ic talk]4 ,! outl9e designs 9 8    
,treatise on ,pa9t+ aid & amplify ! text
 ) a =ce t is almo/ unkn[n 9 mod]n      
illu/rat$ books4 ,op5 ! pages at r&om4  
,"h is a sket* %[+ ! greate/ twi/ :i* a 
man c make 9 turn+ to look at himself   
beh9d4 ,! accompany+ text is h>dly ne$$4
 ,! draw+ supplies all t ,leon>do wi%$  
to convey4  ,unlike ,velasquez1 ^:      
au!ntic draw+s are almo/ negligible1 p51
 p5cil1 silv]-po9t1 or *alk 7 r>ely     
abs5t f ,leon>do's h&1 & al?\gh1 9 face 
( ! ,monna ,lisa & ,! ,virg9 ( ! ,rocks 
& ! ,/4 ,anne1 x is an exagg]ation to   
say t he w\ld h be5 q z highly e/eem$ _h
 none ( 8 "w except ! draw+s be5        
pres]v$1 x is 9 ! draw+s t we realise ! 
ext5t ( t cont95t call$ ,leon>do4 ,!    
inw>d-smil+ wom5 ( ! pictures1 t h giv5 
,leon>do z pa9t] a place ap>t 9 ! pa9t+ 
hi]>*y1 appe> aga9 & aga9 9 ! draw+s4 ,&
 9 ! doma9 ( sculpture1 :]e ,leon>do    
also triumph$1 al?\gh no?+ modell$ by 8 

h& n[ rema9s1 we read 9 ,vas>i ( c]ta9  
heads ( wom5 smil+4  ,8 _s 0 nev] at    
re/1 says ,antonio ,billi1 8 e>lie/     
biograph]1 8 m9d 0 ev] devis+ new ?+s4  
,! re/lessness ( t pr(\nd & so>+ m9d is 
n[h]e s evid5t z 9 ! draw+s & 9 !       
sket*es t illu/rate ! manuscripts4      
,nature1 9 lavi%+ s _m gifts ^u him1    
p]haps )held conc5tration1 al?\gh x     
might be argu$ t1 l ! bee1 he did n     
leave a fl[] until all ! honey or       
n\ri%m5t he ne$$ 0 )drawn4 ,he beg9s a  
draw+ on a %eet ( pap]1 8 imag9ation    
d>ts & leaps1 & ! pap] is soon cov]$ )  
v>i\s designs4 ,^u ! m>g9s ( 8          
manuscripts he jott$ d[n pictorial      
ideas4 ,betwe5 ! clauses ( ! ,codex     
,atlanticus we f9d an e>ly sket* = 8 lo/
 picture ( ,l$a4  ,! _w at l>ge to-day  
rev]5ces him z a pa9t]1 b to ,leon>do   
pa9t+ 0 b a section ( ! full circle (   
life4 ,ev]y?+ t (f]$ food to ! vision or
 to ! bra9 ( man appeal$ to him4 ,9 !   
lett] t he wrote to ! ,duke ( ,milan 9  
#adhb1 (f]+ 8 s]vices1 he sets =?1 9    

detail1 8 qualifications 9 eng9e]+ &    
milit>y sci5ce1 9 con/ruct+ build+s1 9  
conduct+ wat] f "o place to ano!r1      
beg9n+ ) ! clause1 ,i c con/ruct bridges
 :i* are v light & /rong & v portable4  
,n until ! end ( ?is long lett] does he 
m5tion ! f9e arts1 cont5t+ himself ) !  
brief /atem5t1 ,i c fur!r execute       
sculpture 9 m>ble1 bronze1 or clay1 also
 9 pa9t+ ,i c d z mu* z any "o else1    
:oev] he be4 ,a/ronomy1 optics1         
physiology1 geology1 botany1 he br\ght 8
 m9d to be> ^u all4 ,inde$1 he :o       
und]takes to write ^u ,leon>do is daz$  
by ! range ( 8 activities4 ,he 0 milit>y
 eng9e] to ,caes> ,borgia2 he occupi$   
himself ) ! con/ruction ( hydraulic     
works 9 ,lomb>dy2 he propos$ to raise ! 
,bapti/]y ( ,san ,giovanni at ,flor5ce2 
he s*em$ to connect ! ,loire by an      
imm5se canal ) ! ,saone2 he exp]im5t$ ) 
fly+-ma*9es2 & 8 e>ly biograph]s te/ify 
to 8 skill z a musician4 ,pa9t+ &       
modell+ he reg>d$ b z a moiety ( 8      
g5ius4 ,he sp>$ no lab\r ov] a creation 

t absorb$ him4 ,matteo ,b&ello1 a memb] 
( ! conv5t ( ,santa ,m>ia della ,grazie1
 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( 8 me?od :5     
engag$ ^u ,! ,la/ ,supp]4 ,he 0 wont1 z 
,i myself h (t5 se51 to m\nt ! scaffold+
 e>ly 9 ! morn+ & "w until ! approa* (  
night1 & 9 ! int]e/ ( pa9t+ he =got bo? 
meat & dr9k4 ,!re came two1 ?ree1 or ev5
 f\r days :5 he did n /ir a h&1 b sp5t  
an h\r or two 9 contemplat+ 8 "w1 exam9+
 & criticis+ ! figures4 ,i h se5 him1   
too1 at noon1 :5 ! sun /ood 9 ! sign (  
,leo1 leave ! ,corte ,vec*ia 79 ! c5tre 
( ! t[n71 :]e he 0 engag$ on 8 eque/rian
 /atue1 & g /raight to ,santa ,m>ia     
della ,grazie1 m\nt ! scaffold+1 seize a
 bru%1 add two or ?ree t\*es to a s+le  
figure1 & return =?)4  ,leon>do impress$
 8 contempor>ies & t\*$ _! imag9ations1 
ev5 z he captivates u to-day4 ,b5v5uto  
,cell9i describes ,k+ ,francis z hang+  
^u ,leon>do's words dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 
life1 & say+ t he did n believe t any   
o!r man _h come into ! _w :o _h atta9$ s
 great a k z ,leon>do4 ,ev]ybody kn[s   

,pat]'s lum9\sly imag9ative essay on    
,leon>do1 & sci5tific criticism has said
 p]haps ! la/ ^w ^u 8 a*ievem5t 9 ,mr4  
,mc,curdy's rec5t volume1 & 9 ,mr4      
,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne's edition ( ,vas>i's  
,life4 ,z to ! draw+s1 ,mr4 ,b]nh>d     
,b]5son1 9 8 co/ly "w on ,! ,draw+s ( ! 
,flor5t9e ,ma/]s1 has includ$ a         
catalogue raisonn1 has scatt]$ lovely   
reproductions ?r\gh ! pages1 & plac$ 8  
fav\rites on ! p9nacle ( 8 appreciation4
 ,9 ! manuscripts1 ) _! weal? ( sket*es 
9 ! text1 "o realises ! trem5d\s sweep (
 ,leon>do's m5tal activity4 ,"s are /ill
 unpubli%$1 b ! ,italian ,gov]nm5t      
promise a complete edition ( ! ,,mss4 at
 an e>ly date4 ,8 ,treatise on ,pa9t+ is
 easily accessible 9 ,dr4 ,ri*t]'s      
,lit]>y ,works ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci--t   
wond]ful treatise :i* beg9s3 ,! "y /ud5t
 %\ld1 9 ! fir/ place1 acquire a k (    
p]spective1 to enable him to give e     
object its prop] dim5sions3 aft] :i*1 x 
is requisite t he be "u ! c>e ( an able 
ma/]1 to accu/om him1 by degrees1 to a  

good /yle ( draw+ ! p>ts4 ,next1 he %\ld
 /udy ,nature1 9 ord] to confirm & fix 9
 8 m9d ! reason ( ^? precepts :i* he has
 le>nt4 ,he mu/ also be/[ "s "t 9 view+ 
! works ( v>i\s old ma/]s1 to =m 8 eye &
 judgm5t1 9 ord] t he may be able to put
 9 practice all t he has be5 taught4    
,*apt] ,,ccxxx4 9 ! section on ,col\rs  
is entitl$ ,h[ to pa9t a ,picture t w   
,la/ ,almo/ = ,ev]4 ,9 view ( ! pres5t  
condition ( ,! ,la/ ,supp] at ,milan1   
fad+ f sight1 ,leon>do 0 wise to ins]t !
 ^w almo/4 ,he is con/antly giv+ ! read]
 surprises1 & n ! lea/ ( !m is ! s]ies (
 ,fables f 8 p51 includ$ 9 ,dr4 ,ri*t]'s
 edition ( 8 lit]>y works4  ,"o au!ntic 
portrait ( ,leon>do by 8 own h& exi/s--!
 r$ *alk draw+ 9 ! libr>y at ,tur94     
,dat+ f ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life1 x %[s !    
face ( a se]1 m\ld$ by incessant ?\ght  
into firm1 /rongly m>k$ l9es4 ,! eyes   
lurk deep b5ea? %aggy br[s1 ! hair &    
be>d are long & /raggl+--x is ! face ( a
 man :o has pe]$ into hidd5 ?+s & :o has
 pond]$ deeply ov] :at he disc]n$4 ,!   

be>d is no long] curl$ & well kept1 9 ! 
words ( a contempor>y docum5t1 :]e9 he  
is describ$ z ( a f9e p]son1 well       
proportion$1 full ( grace & ( a         
beautiful aspect1 we>+ a rose-col\r$    
tunic1 %ort to ! knee1 al?\gh long      
g>m5ts 7 !n 9 use4  ,mr4 ,b]5son has    
sugge/$ t ! y\? 9 arm\r1 :o alone among 
all ! figures 9 ,leon>do's ,adoration ( 
! ,magi 9 ! ,l\vre turns away f ! sc5e &
 looks t[>ds ! spectator1 is a portrait 
( ,leon>do himself4 ,botticelli         
reproduc$ 8 own features 9 a figure     
simil>ly plac$ 9 8 ,adoration ( ! ,magi4
  ,! l>ge/ collection ( ,leon>do da     
,v9ci's draw+s is 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at 
,w9dsor ,ca/le4 ,!y are n accessible to 
! public 9 g5]al1 b "u c]ta9 conditions 
!y may be exam9$4 ,o!r collections are 9
 ! ,l\vre1 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! ,uffizi1
 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,tur91 ! ,v5ice    
,academy1 & 9 ! portfolios ( private    
collectors su* z ,m4 ,bonnat ( ,p>is1 & 
,dr4 ,mond ( ,london4 ,! draw+s 9 !     
,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* are

 easily available to /ud5ts1 include !  
rem>kable ,head ( a ,w>rior 9 pr(ile1 f 
! ,malcolm ,collection1 :i* is reproduc$
 9 ?is volume4 ,?is beautiful & m9utely 
f9i%$ head & bu/ 9 silv]-po9t belongs to
 ,leon>do's e>ly p]iod1 :5 he 0 /ill "u 
! influ5ce ( 8 ma/]1 ,v]roc*io4 ,inde$1 
!re is a resemblance betwe5 ?is arrogant
 w>rior & ! head ( ,v]roc*io's /atue (  
,colleoni at ,v5ice2 x has be5 sugge/$  
by ,dr4 ,gronau t ?is pr(ile repres5ts  
an ef=t ( ! pupil to %[ ,v]roc*io !     
mann] 9 :i* he w\ld h h&l$ ! task4 ,be t
 z x may1 ?is draw+ is a /rik+ example (
 h[1 9 ! h&s ( a ma/]1 ! mo/ pr(use &   
detail$ decoration c be made subs]vi5t  
to ! ma9 !me4 ,! eye foll[s ) delight ! 
exquisite imag9ative draw+ 9 arm\r &    
helm4 ,no?+ is insi/5t2 no?+ is         
sup]flu\s4 ,e qua9t & curi\s detail     
leads up to ! firm cont\r ( ! face4     
,leon>do saw ! !me z a :ole1 & !        
decorator's +5uity has ?r\gh\t rema9$   
subs]vi5t to ! arti/'s vision4 ,x is ,w>
 quiesc5t1 z ,rod9's fam\s gr\p is ,w>  

militant4 ,! ,briti% ,museum also       
conta9s a %eet ( ^? grotesque heads1    
specim5s ( :i* are reproduc$ 9 ?is      
volume1 horrible faces ( m5 & wom5      
grimac+ & scree*+ at "o ano!r1 )        
protrud+ lips & beak-l *9s1 loom+ f !   
discol\r$ pap]4 ,9 a draw+ at ,milan !re
 are two sket*es ( a combat1 a man on   
horseback fight+ a grotesque animal1 t  
are />tl+ 9 _! p[] ( arre/$ movem5t4    
,!re are also draw+s ( fe>ful wild-f[l1 
dragons1 & ! l1 sn>l+ at "o ano!r & mak+
 frightful onslaught4 ,critics h tri$ to
 expla9 ! reason :y ,leon>do gaz$ into  
^! gulfs1 b ! explanation is probably   
no?+ m ?an ! f]tility & fecundity ( 8   
imag9ation4 ,! grotesque & ! t]rible (t5
 h an attraction = gift$ m9ds1 =m+ a    
relief f ! endless que/ aft] beauty & ! 
physical /ra9 ( liv+ cont9ually on !    
heights4 ,rossetti compos$ v]ses t are n
 includ$ 9 8 collect$ works4 ,a di/+ui%$
 liv+ writ] has confess$ t ! byways ( 8 
leisure are bright5$ by ! /udy (        
crim9ology4 ,! late ,ar?ur ,/rong1      

comm5t+ on ! grotesques by ,leon>do da  
,v9ci at ,*atswor?1 contributes ?is     
curi\s & int]e/+ !ory3 ,8 me?od 0 ak9 to
 ! geometry ( projection4 ,j z ! %ad[ ( 
a circle is an ellipse1 s by project+ ! 
l9es ( a human face ( a c]ta9 m>k$ type 
he 0 enabl$ to detect & exhibit1 z 9 a  
%ad[1 ! secret b mo/ real k9%ip betwe5 !
 bte huma9e & ! dog1 ! ape1 or ! sw9e1 z
 ! case might be4 ,9 a %eet ( draw+s at 
,w9dsor we see ! same process appli$ to 
! head ( a lion until x quick5s into a  
l[] can9e =m4  ,! late libr>ian (       
,*atswor? also comm5ts ^u ! copies &    
=g]ies ( draw+s by ,leon>do da ,v9ci t  
ab\nd at ,*atswor?1 z 9 o!r collections4
 ,! process ( sift+ ! pictures ascrib$  
to ,leon>do may be said to be complete4 
,john ,william ,br[n1 9 ! ,app5dix to 8 
life ( ,leon>do1 publi%$ 9 #ahbh1       
catalogues ne>ly fifty pictures f ! h& (
 ! ma/]4 ,mr4 ,mc,curdy1 9 8 /udy ( !   
records ( ,leon>do's life1 has r$uc$ t  
g5]\s e/imate to t54 ,!re is /ill       
consid]able disagreem5t ab\t "s ( !     

draw+s1 b !re are en\gh indubitably     
au!ntic1 a bewild]+ v>iety inde$1 = all 
practical purposes ( /udy1 & to proclaim
 ! ab\nd+ g5ius ( ?is flame-l ,flor5t9e1
 ^: m9d 0 a univ]se & :o pa9t$ little b 
drew mu* ) t wond]ful left h&4 ,! fact t
 ,leon>do 0 left-h&$1 ) ! result t !    
%ad+ ( 8 draw+s usually runs f left to  
"r1 & n f "r to left1 %\ld be evid5ce1 z
 ,morelli & o!rs h po9t$ out1 ( !       
au!nticity ( ^? draw+s ^: l9es (        
direction run f left to "r4 ,b ?is te/  
is f> f p]fect1 z x is ! fir/ bus9ess ( 
a =g] to /udy mann]isms4 ,_m ( ! draw+s 
be> comm5ts 9 8 h&writ+1 :i* also       
usually ran f "r to left1 ! fam\s lett] 
to ! ,duke ( ,milan be+ an exception4 ,a
 p5-draw+ 9 ! ,uffizi has1 9 ! l[] "p1 a
 note f :i* ! beg9n+ has be5 torn away4 
,! words t rema9 are3 4 4 4 bre #adgh   
i*omiciai le #b ,vg9e ,m>ie1 :i* may be 
int]pret$1 ,octob] #adgh1 ,i began ! two
 ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4  ,mo/ ( ! draw+s are  
made ) ! p51 o!rs are 9 *alk &          
silv]-po9t4 ,9 ! well-kn[n ,isabella    

d',e/e ( ! ,l\vre !re are traces (      
pa/el1 & "s ( ! sket*es ( drap]y are    
drawn on f9e l95 ) a bru%4  ,"o (       
,leon>do's e>lie/ draw+s1 if n 8 fir/   
attempt1 is ! l&scape dat$ #adgc 9 !    
,uffizi1 done :5 he 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s (   
age4 ,x is sign$1 & ^! words are        
inscrib$ 9 ! left-h& top corn]3 ,! day (
 ,s4 ,m>y ( ! ,sn[1 ! fif? day ( ,augu/1
 #adgc4  ,ano!r draw+ t c be assign$ to 
a p]iod is ! sket* 9 p5 & ink ( a y\?   
hang+ f a rope ) 8 h&s fa/5$ beh9d 8    
back4 ,?is un=tunate 0 ,b]n>do ,b&9i1 :o
 0 hang$ = ! murd] ( ,giuliano de ,m$ici
 9 #adgi4 ,x is suppos$ t ,leon>do 0    
commission$ to pa9t a picture ( !       
execution1 & t he made ! draw+ ( ,b&9i z
 a prep>atory /udy4 ,leon>do 0 no?+ if n
 consci5ti\s4 ,on ! m>g9 ( ! sket*1 :i* 
is 9 ! possession ( ,m4 ,bonnat1 is ?is 
note describ+ ,b&9i's co/ume3 ,small    
tan-col\r$ cap1 black sat9 d\blet1 l9$  
black j]k91 blue coat l9$ ) fur ( foxes'
 brea/s1 & ! coll> ( ! cloak cov]$ )    
velvet speckl$ black & r$2 ,b]n>do di   

,b&9o ,b>oncelli2 black hose4  ,z we    
turn ov] & exam9e ! div]sifi$ draw+s by 
,leon>do da ,v9ci1 we are cont9ually    
rem9d$ ( ! passion t draughtsman%ip 0 to
 him4 ,p5 & p5cil be> witness t 8 m9d 0 
nev] at re/4 ,he drew = ! love ( x2 8 h&
 rac$ to obey ! ?rong+ pictures t 8 bra9
 conceiv$1 & he drew1 n necess>ily z a  
prep>atory /age = ! mak+ ( a picture1 b 
because draw he mu/4 ,despite ! hundr$s 
( draw+s t rema9 z examples ( 8 indu/ry1
 !re are no /udies extant = ! ,monna    
,lisa1 al?\gh x has be5 sugge/$ t ! h&s 
f ! ,w9dsor ,collection reproduc$ 9 ?is 
volume 7 prep>atory sket*es = ! m>vell\s
 h&s ( t ?ird wife ( a ,flor5t9e (ficial
 ^u ^: head all ! ends ( ! _w are come4 
,critics diff] on ?is po9t1 b !re is no 
diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! beauty ( ,monna
 ,lisa's h&s4 ,! "r h&1 says ,mr4       
,mc,curdy1 is p]haps ! mo/ p]fect h& t 0
 ev] pa9t$4  ,probably _m ( ! %eets (   
draw+s ( *ildr51 wom51 cats1 & lambs 7 =
 ,madonna pictures t h be5 lo/ or       
de/roy$4 ,he 0 nev] cont5t ) ! /]eotyp$ 

& conv5tional arrangem5t = a sacr$      
picture1 su* z satisfi$ ,francia4 ,he 0 
ev] curi\s1 z well z a seek] aft]       
beauty1 & life be+ 8 prov9ce1 he lov$ to
 intrigue ! human elem5t into a ,madonna
 & ,*ild motive4 ,! ,*ild play+ ) ! cat1
 hugg+ a lamb1 le>n+ 8 lessons at 8 "m's
 knee1 numb]s ( !m te/ify to ,leon>do's 
direct & l>ge-he>t$ humanity4 ,) him !  
,*ild is always a *ild1 act+ l a *ild4  
,9 a draw+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum he       
clut*es a prote/+ cat 9 8 *ubby arms1   
:ile ! "m smiles--! et]nal1 p]sonal     
smile ( ,leon>do t haunt$ him1 z x      
fasc9ates u4 ,9 ano!r draw+ ! ,*ild is  
dipp+ a *ubby h& into a b[l ( porridge1 
& aga9 ! ,"m smiles--! enigmatic1 p]si/+
 smile ( ,leon>do4 ,!re are no few] ?an 
tw5ty-sev5 draw+s ( animals on "o %eet  
at ,w9dsor4 ,! majority are cats1 b 9 "s
 in/ance 8 imag9ation has inv5t$ a      
hybrid animal to :i* no "n c be giv54 ,9
 a draw+ at ,milan ! ,*ild is app>5tly  
receiv+ a lesson 9 geometry--"o (       
,leon>do's special /udies4 ,he is       

entirely wrapp$ up 9 geometry1 & has no 
pati5ce = pa9t+1 writes a correspond5t  
to ,isabella d',e/e 9 reply to a lett] f
 h] ask+ :at ,leon>do 0 do+4 ,s9ce he   
has be5 9 ,flor5ce1 cont9ues !          
correspond5t1 he has work$ only on "o   
c>toon4 ,?is repres5ts an infant ,*ri/ (
 ab\t "o ye>1 :o1 free+ himself f 8 "m's
 arms1 seizes a lamb1 & seems to clasp  
x4  ,!re is no record t ^! pictures ( ! 
,*ild ) cat or lamb1 or dropp+ 8 h& into
 a b[l ( porridge1 7 ev] f9i%$2 b !     
draw+s 7 se5 by ! "y ,raphael1 :o drew  
inspiration f !m4 ,x is curi\s to turn f
 ^! imag9ative designs to ! lit]al /udy 
( a tree1 se>*$ out z c>efully z        
,leighton's draw+ ( a lemon-tree1 b s   
mu* bold] & s mu* m confid5t 9 treatm5t2
 or to t draw+ t might h be5 produc$ 9  
an eng9e]'s (fice1 %[+ a numb] ( nude   
figures lift+ a heavy cyl9d] by         
lev]-p[]1 probably a design dat+ f !    
p]iod :5 he held ! po/ ( milit>y eng9e] 
to ,caes> ,borgia4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce at  
,pavia1 :51 among o!r activities1 he    

con/ruct$ ! sc5]y = a k9d ( masque      
produc$ 9 hon\r ( ! m>riage ( ,gian     
,galeazzo ) ,isabella ( ,aragon1 & on   
ano!r occasion arrang$ a t\rnam5t1 he   
also design$ an app>atus ( pulleys &    
cords to convey ! relic ( ! ,sacr$ ,nail
 to a diff]5t position 9 ! ,ca!dral4 ,! 
sket* is inscrib$1 ,9 ! ,ca!dral = !    
pulley ( ! ,nail ( ! ,cross4  ,mod]ns :o
 try to pa9t )\t fir/ und]go+ ! drudg]y 
( draw+ = "s ye>s 9 ! s*ools %\ld pond] 
ov] ,leon>do's /udies ( ! nude1 read+ at
 ! same "t ! *apt]s on ,proportion 9 8  
,treatise on ,pa9t+4 ,:at :ole-he>t$    
pre-occupation 9 8 "w ! foll[+ extract  
%[s6 ,x is entitl$ ,( /udy+ 9 ! ,d>k1 on
 fir/ wak+ 9 ! ,morn+1 & be=e go+ to    
,sleep4 ,i h exp]i5c$ no small b5efit1  
:5 9 ! d>k & 9 b$1 by retrac+ 9 my m9d !
 outl9es ( ^? =ms :i* ,i _h previ\sly   
/udi$1 p>ticul>ly su* z _h appe>$ ! mo/ 
difficult to compreh5d & reta92 by ?is  
me?od !y w be confirm$ & treasur$ ^u !  
memory4  ,fl[]s1 trees1 & w+s he /udi$ )
 ! same fidelity & felicity t he gave to

 h&s & drap]y4 ,he 0 = ev] prep>+ &     
exp]im5t+1 = ev] /or+ & develop+ 8 m9d1 
= ev] increas+ ! cunn+ ( 8 h&s1 z if    
life 7 endless4 ,8 sixty-sev5 ye>s (    
activity 7 all too %ort = ?is giant1 :o 
excell$ 9 e wor?y pursuit ( mortals     
except comm]ce & politics4 ,a ,flor5t9e 
poet ( ! ,quattroc5to1 :o knew ,leon>do 
9 8 e>ly manhood1 describ$ him z ! man  
:o p]haps excels all o!rs1 yet _c te>   
himself away f a picture1 & 9 _m ye>s   
sc>ce br+s "o to completion4 ,8 m9d 0   
cont9ually putt+ =? fre% %oots4 ,we c   
imag9e him1 be=e beg9n+ to pa9t ! w+s ( 
! angel 9 8 picture ( ,! ,annunciation 9
 ! ,l\vre1 /udy+ ! ways ( birds at re/ &
 9 flight1 & consid]+ ! problem ( !     
possibility ( man ev] a*iev+ ! conque/ (
 ! air4 ,su* ideas nev] came to         
fruition1 b !re is a passage 9 8 writ+s1
 writt5 9 a mom5t ( exaltation1 :5 he _h
 vision ( man float+ on p9ions 9 ! e!r1 
& himself z inv5tor & orig9ator ( !     
triumph4 ,9 t mom5t ( vision ( a p]fect$
 ,santos-,dumont1 ,leon>do wrote3 ,he w 

fill ! univ]se ) wond] & all writ+s ) 8 
fame1 & w give dea?less r5[n to ! ne/   
:i* witness$ 8 bir?4  ,?r\gh all 8      
dreams1 ?r\gh all 8 sci5tific1 human1 & 
grotesque imag9+s1 he nev] ceas$ f !    
que/ ( beauty1 t obsession ( ! true     
arti/1 :i* he express$ s (t5 9 ! faces (
 8 wom51 _! hair & h&s1 9 ! looks (     
*ildr51 9 ! fall & fold ( drap]ies1 & 9 
! figures ( arm$ knights sett+ =? to    
t\rney or to battle4 ,"o only has to    
recall ! face ( ,/4 ,anne 9 ! ,l\vre    
picture1 ! curl+1 plait$ hair ab\t !    
head ( ,l$a 9 ! ,w9dsor draw+1 ! /range 
sexless *>m ( ! smile ( ,/4 ,john !     
,bapti/ 9 ! ,l\vre picture1 ,monna      
,lisa1 ! sceptical angel 9 ,! ,virg9 ( !
 ,rocks1 & ! head ( ,/4 ,philip 9 !     
,w9dsor draw+1 to be impress$ aga9 by ! 
enigmatic beauty1 always new1 nev]      
pall+1 t ,leon>do gave to ! _w4 ,9 !    
c>toon ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild ) ,/4 ,anne   
:i* hangs 9 ! ,diploma ,gall]y at       
,burl+ton ,h\se1 "o ( ! nation's greate/
 treasures1 :i* s few ,london]s ev]     

visit1 ?is c\ntry possesses a *>act]i/ic
 & unapproa*able ,leon>do4 ,x diff]s    
mat]ially f ! picture 9 ! ,l\vre1 !     
heads ( ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,anne be+ ne>ly  
on a level2 ,/4 ,anne is gaz+ at !      
,virg91 n at ! ,*ild1 h] h& is uprais$1 
! f+] po9ts upw>ds1 & ! ,bapti/ is      
includ$ 9 ! composition4 ,b 9 ea* ! face
 ( ,/4 ,anne has ! ,leon>do inw>d1      
ext5uat+ smile1 sugge/+ t attribute (   
alo(ness ( :i* ! m$iaeval s*oolm5 write4
 ,! upw>d-po9t+ h& ( ,/4 ,anne is almo/ 
id5tical ) ! motion ( ,/4 ,?omas's h& 9 
,! ,la/ ,supp] at ,milan1 & ) ! h& ( ,/4
 ,john 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,comp>+ ! ,diploma   
,gall]y c>toon ) ! f9i%$ picture 9 !    
,l\vre1 & ) ! sket* at ! ,v5ice         
,academy1 we realise ! ye>s ( lab\r t   
,leon>do gave to a picture be=e he w\ld 
call x f9i%$4 ,"o ( ! draw+s ( drap]y   
reproduc$ 9 ?is volume is an exquisite  
/udy = ! g>m5t t enfolds ! ,virg9's     
limbs 9 ! ,l\vre picture4  ,! s]ies (   
heads ( wom5 reproduc$ 9 ^! pages %[    
aga9 8 love ( hair1 ei!r fl[+ or 9      

plaits1 or conf9$ 9 /range & delicate   
head-dresses ab\t ! sweet1 sev]e br[s4  
,& always ! eyes ( 8 wom5 are ca/ d[n1  
an attitude t he r>ely gives to 8 m51 ^:
 heads (t5 h a t\* ( c>icature1 a h9t1 b
 nev] pu%$ to ! extreme t he all[$      
himself 9 ! grotesque4  ,9 ! bu/ ( a    
woman 9 pr(ile at ,milan we h a sket* t 
9 ! unflatt]+ pres5tm5t ( a lik5ess is  
ak9 to 8 rem>kable draw+ ( ,isabella    
d',e/e1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,! firm cont\r ( 
! face1 ! ?9 nose & r\nd1 protrud+ *91 !
 long neck & ample bosom1 betok5 t on   
?is occasion 8 eye1 n 8 imag9ation1 held
 ! ma/]y4 ,b ! draw+ ( ,isabella d',e/e 
is l>g] 9 conception1 & ?is grave &     
simple pres5tm5t ( a di/+ui%$ lady ( !  
,italian ,r5aissance is s in=m$ ) an    
assur$ p[] t x is ju/ly hail$ z "o (    
,leon>do's f9e/ ef=ts4 ,x 0 made at     
,mantua1 & 0 design$ to s]ve z ! /udy = 
! portrait ( ! ,m>*ioness :i* ,leon>do  
nev] complet$1 if inde$ he ev] began x4 
,five ye>s lat] ,isabella d',e/e wrote  
to ,leon>do reproa*+ him = 8 delay3 ,:5 

y 7 9 ! c\ntry & drew our portrait 9    
*alk y promis$ y w\ld "o day pa9t our   
picture 9 col\rs4 ,b ,leon>do 0 n1 l    
,mantegna1 ductile 9 ! h&s ( !          
,m>*ioness4 ,he did n succumb to h]     
bl&i%m5ts4 ,!re is no record t he ev]   
gratifi$ ! lady by pa9t+ a c]ta9 small  
"w t %e made petition =--a little       
picture ( ! ,madonna full ( fai? &      
sweetness1 j z 8 nature w\ld enable him 
to conceive h]4 ,leon>do _h pursuits m  
engross+ ?an ! mak+ ( a picture to      
please ! vanity ev5 ( s great a lady z !
 ,m>*ioness ( ,mantua4  ,! flame (      
,leon>do's imag9ation did n burn ) !    
desire to provide little pictures ( !   
,madonna full ( fai? & sweetness4 ,he   
mu/ d ?+s 9 8 own way1 & t way w\ld     
inspire him to produce su* a draw+ z !  
head ( a "y ,bac*us ) long1 curl+ hair1 
clo!d 9 a co/ume1 j peep+ f ! sket*1 ( a
 simil> mat]ial to ! dress ( ,isabella  
d',e/e2 or a kneel+ ,l$a1 su* a draw+ z 
we f9d at ,*atswor?1 %[+ h[ ! arti/     
gradually evolv$ ! design = ! f9al      

picture ( ,l$a1 :i* 0 se5 9 ! collection
 ( ,k+ ,francis at ,fonta9ebleau1 b is  
n[ lo/4 ,"h1 too1 ! eyes ( ! woman are  
d[nca/4 ,%e turns to ! *ildr5 :o are    
break+ f ! eggs1 :ile "o ( h] arms      
clasps ! swan4 ,! brok5 %ells1 & !      
*ildr5 j scrambl+ into exi/5ce1 are z   
*>act]i/ic ( ,leon>do's passion = !     
episodes ( life z ! ,*ild play+ ) ! cat1
 or dipp+ 8 fi/ into ! b[l ( porridge4  
,l$a is ! only my?ological picture t he 
pa9t$4 ,! prep>atory draw+s l ! draw+s =
 o!rs ( 8 lo/ or de/roy$ works1 su* z ! 
,s=za ,/atue1 & ! ,battle ( ! ,/&>d are 
num]\s4 ,!re is no mi/ak+ ! draw+s = !  
,s=za /atue1 al?\gh x is n easy to      
decide :i* ( ! _m designs ( eque/rian   
figures 7 = ! ,/atue ( ,francesco ,s=za1
 & :i* = ! ,trivulzio ,monum5t4 ,"o ( ! 
,w9dsor draw+s %[s no few] ?an f\r      
sket*es on "o %eet = ! gr\p ( horse &   
rid]1 :i*1 we are told1 0 tw5ty-six feet
 high4 ,x w\ld seem t ,leon>do's fir/   
int5tion 0 to make ,francesco ,s=za's   
*>g] trampl+ on a fall5 enemy1 b t he   

ab&on$ ?is trem5d\s conception = a      
quiet] design4 ,x is cle> f contempor>y 
records t ,leon>do sp5t sixte5 ye>s ov] 
! /atue3 to-day no trace ( x1 except 9 !
 draw+s1 rema9s4 ,!re is "s d\bt z to   
:e!r x 0 ev] successfully ca/ 9 bronze1 
:i* expla9s ,mi*ael ,angelo's taunt t   
aft] ,leon>do _h f9i%$ ! model he 0     
unable to ca/ x4 ,probably x 0          
,leon>do's model t 0 de/roy$1 or at any 
rate sev]ely damag$1 :5 ! ,fr5* ent]$   
,milan 9 #aejj4 ,fra ,sabba da          
,ca/iglione wrote at ! "t3 ,i h to      
record--& ,i _c speak ( x )\t grief &   
indignation--s noble & ma/]ly a "w made 
a t>get by ! ,gascon b[m54  ,9 8 writ+s 
,leon>do describes w> z a be/ial fr5zy1 
& 9 ?is gr& conception ( a re>+ horse   
trampl+ ^u a w>rior1 :o is try+ to      
protect himself ) 8 %ield1 x 0 p]haps 8 
int5tion to pillory ! horror-(-w>1 :ile 
at ! same "t produc+ a h]oic design4 ,! 
spl5did vig\r ( ?is gr\p1 & ( ! madd5$  
figures 9 ! ,battle ( ,anghi>i1 /imulate
 u ev5 9 ! slight sket*es4 ,we he> !    

%\ts ( b>b>ic w>f>e z we draw !m f _!   
quiet re/+-places 9 ord]ly portfolios4  
,! be/ial fr5zy ( w> 0 nev] depict$ )   
great] =ce ?an 9 ,leon>do's /udies = !  
la/ ,c>toon = ! ,battle ( ,anghi>i1 :]e 
horses gna% at ea* o!r1 & soldi]s1 fill$
 ) ! lu/ ( w>1 scream incoh]5t cries4 ,!
 heads ( two m5 9 a draw+ 9 ! ,buda-,pe/
 ,gall]y1 9 ! v act ( slay+1 m\?s wide  
op51 brea?+ fury1 are almo/ pa9ful to   
look ^u4 ,leon>do ab&on$ ?is battle     
picture :ile /ill 9 ! mid/ ( ! task1 z  
if disgu/$ ) cont9u+ to portray ! be/ial
 fr5zy4 ,b ! horses 9 ! battle pictures 
probably int]e/$ him4 ,!re is a gallop+ 
horse 9 a draw+ ( ,horsem5 & ,soldi]s at
 ,w9dsor t reveals a m>vell\s k ( !     
action ( ! horse at high spe$4 ,inde$1 !
 horse 0 "o ( ,leon>do's fav\rite       
subjects4 ,vas>i /ates t a book ( su*   
/udies 0 de/roy$ :5 ! ,fr5* ent]$       
,milan4 ,9 ! l>ge & m9ute draw+ t he    
made z a prep>atory /udy = ! backgr\nd (
 8 picture ( ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1   
:i* 0 *ang$ & curtail$ s mu* 9 ! f9al   

composition1 !re are horses1 curvett+ & 
pranc+1 & 9 ! =egr\nd a camel is se5    
repos+4 ,actuality is introduc$ 9 !     
p]sons ( ! reta9]s ( ! k+s1 busy ) _!   
own affairs1 amus+ _! leisure ) a mock  
combat4 ,9 ! draw+ 9 ! ,uffizi1 ( :i* we
 give a reproduction1 ! reta9]s are %[n 
bel[ ! great d\ble /aircase engag$ 9 a  
j\/4 ,"o wond]s if ,velasquez1 :o did n 
rea* 8 usual /&>d ( p]fection :5 he drew
 a pranc+ /e$1 ev] saw any ( ,leon>do's 
draw+s ( resolute & spirit$ horses4     
,velasquez1 :5 he pa9t$ ! head ( ,*ri/ 9
 8 ,crucifixion at ,madrid1 veil$ ! face
 ) ! long hair z if he %rank f attempt+ 
to portray ! sacr$ features1 al?\gh no?+
 det]r$ him f pa9t+ ! head boldly &     
freely 9 8 ,*ri/ at ! ,column4 ,hi/ory  
tells ( a simil> meticul\s mode/y on !  
"p ( ,leon>do 9 reg>d to ! head ( !     
c5tral figure 9 8 ,la/ ,supp]1 :i* he   
left unf9i%$1 on ! sugge/ion ( ,z5ale1 t
 c\ld n surpass ! maje/y ( c]ta9 ( !    
,apo/les' heads4  ,sev]al prelim9>y     
/udies = ,! ,la/ ,supp] exi/1 _m ( :i*  

mod]n criticism refuses to accept z     
au!ntic4 ,! mo/ prom95t 9 ! eye ( ! _w  
is ! pa/el ( ! head ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,br]a at
 ,milan4 ,( ! beauty ( ! head1 fem99e 9 
its s(tness & sadness1 !re _c be two    
op9ions1 b x has n ! s5se ( virility ( !
 head 9 ! ,milan fresco1 al?\gh ! pose (
 ! droop+ face & ! d[nca/ eyes are      
id5tical4 ,! au?orities ( ! ,br]a       
,gall]y at ,milan assign ! pa/el head to
 ,leon>do1 & ,dr4 ,ri*t] describes x z a
 g5u9e half-life size /udy 9 p5cil = a  
head ( ,*ri/1 :i* is 9 a deplorable /ate
 ( pres]vation4 ,9 ,mr4 ,mc,curdy's     
op9ion1 ! ,br]a pa/el 9 its pres5t /ate 
is none ( 81 :atev] its inception may h 
be51 & ( t x is impossible to judge4 ,b 
:atev] vicissitudes ( ret\*+ ! ,br]a    
pa/el may h und]gone1 x rema9s a        
beautiful ?+4 ,! full-siz$ heads at     
,weim>1 bold & inspirit+ draw+s1 (      
,judas & ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,?omas & ,/4    
,james ! ,eld]1 ,/4 ,&rew1 & ,/4        
,b>?olomew are n by ,leon>do4  ,!re is  
no d\bt ab\t ! au!nticity ( ! heads ( ! 

,apo/les 9 ! ,w9dsor ,collection1 or ( !
 two prep>atory sket*es = ! composition 
( ,! ,la/ ,supp] also at ,w9dsor1 or ( !
 draw+ 9 r$ *alk at ,v5ice1 conta9+     
,leon>do's h&-writ+1 9 :i* ! figure (   
,/4 ,john is %[n grief-/rick51 8 body   
?r[n =w>d ^u ! table1 8 face hidd5 at ! 
m]e idea ( ! awful words1 ,"o ( y %all  
betray me4  ,leon>do's w1 execut$ on    
,april #bc1 #aeai1 9 ! *ateau ( ,cl\x1  
ne> ,amboise1 is extant4 ,he comm5ds 8  
s\l to ,god1 ord]s ! celebration ( f\r  
high masses & ?irty l[ masses1 & wills 8
 v9ey>d1 )\t ! walls ( ,milan1 to ,salai
 & ,batti/a de ,villanis4 ,9 tak+ leave 
( ?is re/less1 ri*ly end[$ & r>e _s1 we 
turn aga9 to ! la/ l9es ( ,pat]'s essay1
 & ) him wond] h[ ! great ,flor5t9e     
exp]i5c$ ! la/ curiosity4 ,!n1 p]haps1 =
 ! m9d is always al]t :5 ?9k+ (         
,leon>do1 we recall a note 9 "o ( 8     
manuscripts :]e9 he expresses 8         
conviction t "s day ) ! help ( /eam a   
boat may be set 9 motion1 & ano!r       
passage 9 8 h&writ+1 p]haps really ne>] 

to 8 real self ?an ! ord] = ^? f\r high 
& ?irty l[ masses--?is3 ,:5 ,i ?\ght ,i 
0 le>n+ to live1 ,i 0 b le>n+ to die4   
,illu/rations